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The Diplomat (2025 film)

2026-05-08T17:55:47Z

Dwps: new a info

{{Short description|2025 Indian film by Shivam Nair}}
{{LLM|date=January 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = The Diplomat
| image = The Diplomat 2025 film.jpeg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Shivam Nair]]
| producer = [[Bhushan Kumar]] [[Krishan Kumar (actor)|Krishan Kumar]] [[John Abraham]] Sameer Dixit Jatish Varma [[Vipul D. Shah]] Ashwin Varde Rajesh Bahl Rakesh Dang
| writer = [[Ritesh Shah]]
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[John Abraham]]
* [[Sadia Khateeb]]
* [[Jagjeet Sandhu]]
* [[Kumud Mishra]]
* [[Sharib Hashmi]]
* [[Revathy]]
* [[Ashwath Bhatt]]
}}
| music = '''Songs:''' [[A. R. Rahman]] [[Manan Bhardwaj]] [[Anurag Saikia]]''' Score:''' Ishaan Chhabra
| cinematography = Dimo Popov
| editing = Kunal Walve
| studio = [[T-Series Films]] JA Entertainment Wakaoo Films Fortune Pictures
| distributor = [[Panorama Studios]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|03|14}}
| runtime = 137 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Diplomat (2025)|url=https://www.cbfcindia.gov.in/cbfcAdmin/search-result.php?recid=Q0EwMTIxMDIyMDI1MDAyODM= |access-date=9 March 2025 |website=[[Central Board of Film Certification]]}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR|20 crore}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-20 |title=The Diplomat Box Office Collection Day 6: John Abraham-Sadia Khateeb's Movie Marches Towards New Milestone |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/the-diplomat-box-office-collection-day-6-john-abraham-sadia-khateeb-movie-marches-towards-new-milestone-10224863 |access-date=2025-05-26 |website=English Jagran |language=en}}</ref>
| gross ={{estimation}}
₹53.14 crore<ref name="bo">{{cite web |title=The Diplomat Box Office Collection {{!}} India {{!}} Day Wise {{!}} Box Office - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/the-diplomat/box-office/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=10 December 2025 |language=en |date=14 March 2025}}</ref>
}}

'''''The Diplomat''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[political film]] directed by [[Shivam Nair]] and written by [[Ritesh Shah]].<ref name="auto22">{{Cite web |title=The Diplomat Trailer: John Abraham wows in this gripping political thriller | Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/the-diplomat-trailer-john-abraham-wows-in-this-gripping-political-thriller-71501.html |accessdate=14 February 2025 |website=www.filmfare.com}}</ref> The film, starring [[John Abraham]] and [[Sadia Khateeb]], is set against the backdrop of [[India–Pakistan relations]], exploring themes of [[Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government|diplomacy]] and the personal conflicts faced by diplomats.<ref>{{cite web |date=7 February 2025 |title='The Diplomat' teaser: John Abraham plays Indian terrorist and country traitor in Pakistan |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/john-abraham-plays-indian-diplomat-posted-in-pakistan/cid/2082197 |access-date=27 February 2025 |work=Telegraph India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Diplomat Trailer: John Abraham And Sadia Khateeb Are All Set To Bring Uzma Ahmed's Story On The Big Screens |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/the-diplomat-trailer-john-abraham-and-sadia-khateeb-are-all-set-to-bring-uzma-ahmeds-story-on-the-big-screens |access-date=14 February 2025 |website=Free Press Journal}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The film, based on a true story, follows [[J. P. Singh]], an [[Indian Foreign Service|Indian diplomat]] stationed at the Indian [[High Commission of India, Islamabad|High Commission]] in Pakistan, whose life is upended by the arrival of Uzma Ahmed on 5 May 2017. Uzma, a distressed woman seeking refuge, claims to be an [[Indian nationality law|Indian citizen]] abducted to [[Buner District|Buner]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] (KPK), and forced into marriage with Tahir, a [[Pakistani nationality law|Pakistani]] man of [[Pashtuns|Pathan origin]]. She reveals a harrowing tale of abuse, including physical and sexual assault, at Tahir’s hands. Uzma, a mother to a daughter with [[thalassemia]] from a previous marriage, had initially believed Tahir’s intentions were genuine, meeting him in Malaysia before being taken to a remote village. Her entry into Pakistan without police reporting or an immigration record, orchestrated by Tahir, raises suspicions about her story.

The narrative begins in KPK, where Uzma arrives at the Indian Embassy accompanied by Tahir and his brother Basheer. Seizing a moment when the men step outside to smoke, Uzma pleads with the embassy staff for help, claiming she is in danger. Singh, initially skeptical and suspecting Uzma might be a spy or a terrorist, interrogates her to ascertain the truth. As Uzma recounts her ordeal, Singh grapples with the moral and ethical dilemmas of her case.

Singh’s efforts to secure Uzma’s safety lead him to engage with Pakistani authorities, including Faraz, the [[Foreign Secretary (Pakistan)|Foreign Secretary of Pakistan]], and Malik, the [[Director-General of Inter-Services Intelligence|Director General of Inter-Services Intelligence]] (ISI). The Pakistani officials are convinced Uzma is an Indian spy, alleging she traveled to KPK to establish contact with insurgents and now seeks safe passage back to India. This accusation complicates Singh’s mission, as he navigates the [[Law of Pakistan|Pakistani legal systems]], [[Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government|international diplomatic]] tensions, and pressure from both [[Government of India|Indian]] and [[Government of Pakistan|Pakistani governments]]. The film explores the intricate interplay of personal conviction and state affairs (also including Singh explaining to Uzma about how he survived the [[2008 bombing of Indian embassy in Kabul|attack at the Indian Embassy of Kabul in 2008]]), culminating in Singh’s determined efforts to help Uzma cross the [[Wagah#Border crossing|Wagah Border]] to safety, highlighting the challenges diplomats face when personal lives intersect with geopolitical conflicts.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |date=14 February 2025 |title=The Diplomat trailer: John Abraham headlines a risky mission to save 'bharat ki beti' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/the-diplomat-trailer-john-abraham-headlines-a-risky-mission-to-save-bharat-ki-beti-watch-101739515276897.html |access-date=14 February 2025 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[John Abraham]] as [[J. P. Singh]], [[List of high commissioners of India to Pakistan|Deputy High Commissioner of India in Pakistan]]
* [[Sadia Khateeb]] as Uzma Ahmed, the woman seeking [[repatriation]] to India<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/the-diplomat-trailer-john-abraham-high-stakes-mission-save-daughter-of-india-kumud-mishra-2679900-2025-02-14|title=The Diplomat trailer: John Abraham on a deadly mission to save 'Daughter of India'|date=14 February 2025|website=India Today|accessdate=14 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="Sadia Khateeb to play leading lady in The Diplomat opposite John Abraham">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Sadia Khateeb to play leading lady in The Diplomat opposite John Abraham |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/sadia-khateeb-to-play-leading-lady-in-the-diplomat-opposite-john-abraham-1859676 |access-date=14 March 2025 |work= |publisher=Deccan Chronicle |date=7 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250314172718/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/sadia-khateeb-to-play-leading-lady-in-the-diplomat-opposite-john-abraham-1859676 |archive-date=14 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Kumud Mishra]] as N. M. Syed, a senior diplomat advocate in Pakistan
* [[Sharib Hashmi]] as Tiwari, [[Indian Foreign Service]] official in Pakistan
* [[Revathy]] as [[Sushma Swaraj]], [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Union Minister of External Affairs of India]]
* [[Ashwath Bhatt]] as Malik, [[Director-General of Inter-Services Intelligence|Director General]] of [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] (character based on general [[Naveed Mukhtar]])
* [[Benjamin Gilani]] as [[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|Foreign Affairs Minister of Pakistan]]
* [[Jagjeet Sandhu]] as Tahir Ali, Uzma Ahmed's Pakistani-origin husband and kidnapper
* [[Vishal Vashishtha]] as Aayush, [[Indian Foreign Service]] official in Pakistan
* Amitoj Mann as Paramjeet Gill
* Bhawani Muzamil as Basheer, Tahir's brother
* Vidhatri Bandi as Seerat
* Suman Rana as Shaheen, Uzma's friend in [[Malaysia]]
* Jeet Raidutt as Aamir, Uzma's brother
* Darius Chinoy as Faraz, [[Foreign Secretary of Pakistan]]
* Manoj Chaddha as Public Prosecutor Humayun
* [[Shriswara]] as Naina, J. P. Singh's wife

== Production ==
=== Development ===
The film was announced in 2024 with [[John Abraham]] as the lead actor. The film was developed under the banner of [[T-Series (company)|T Series]] in collaboration with [[JA Entertainment]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-diplomat-teaser-john-abraham-is-a-mustachioed-diplomat-in-upcoming-thriller/article69192245.ece|title='The Diplomat' teaser: John Abraham is a mustachioed diplomat in upcoming thriller|work=The Hindu |date=7 February 2025|access-date=14 February 2025|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> It was inspired by the real-life incident involving Uzma Ahmed, a woman who fled from [[Pakistan]] to [[India]] in 2017, after being forced into marriage. This true story formed the basis for the film’s narrative. Director [[Shivam Nair]] was chosen for his previous work in the [[Thriller film|thriller genre]]. [[Ritesh Shah]], known for his writing in films like [[Pink (2016 film)|''Pink'']] (2016) and ''[[Kahaani]]'' (2012), was hired to pen the screenplay.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/the-diplomat-trailer-john-abraham-fights-against-the-odds-to-bring-bharat-ki-beti-home-watch-1751429|title=The Diplomat Trailer: John Abraham Fights Against The Odds To Bring 'Bharat Ki Beti' Home|date=14 February 2025|website=news.abplive.com|access-date=14 February 2025}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
[[John Abraham]] was cast to play J. P. Singh, a role that would depict the nuanced and often stressful life of a diplomat. [[Sadia Khateeb]], who gained recognition for her performance in ''[[Shikara (2020 film)|Shikara]]'' (2020), was cast to portray Uzma Ahmed.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/entertainment/bollywood/john-abrahams-political-thriller-the-diplomat-trailer-released-to-hit-theatres-on-march-720250214232743/|title=John Abraham's political thriller 'The Diplomat' trailer released, to hit theatres on March 7|website=ANI News|access-date=14 February 2025}}</ref> The supporting cast includes [[Kumud Mishra]] and [[Sharib Hashmi]], to bring depth to the political and personal dynamics within the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/the-diplomat-trailer-john-abraham-starrer-unleashes-a-tense-battle-of-wits-and-diplomacy/articleshow/118237166.cms|title='The Diplomat' trailer: John Abraham starrer unleashes a tense battle of wits and diplomacy|work=The Times of India |date=14 February 2025|access-date=14 February 2025|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/the-diplomat-trailer-out-john-abraham-is-on-mission-to-save-daughter-of-india-in-this-true-story-thriller-article-118236784|title=The Diplomat Trailer OUT: John Abraham Is On Mission To Save 'Daughter of India' In This True-Story Thriller|date=14 February 2025|website=Times Now|access-date=14 February 2025}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
Principal photography began in November 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/in-video-trailer-of-john-abrahams-the-diplomat/|title=In Video: Trailer of John Abraham's 'The Diplomat'|date=14 February 2025|accessdate=14 February 2025}}</ref> The film was primarily shot in [[Delhi]], with several sequences filmed in actual embassy settings. Some parts of the film also required international locations to depict [[Islamabad]] accurately. Shivam Nair focused on ensuring authenticity by working closely with diplomatic consultants to recreate the nuances of a high-pressure diplomatic environment. The film wrapped by late 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/the-diplomat-trailer-john-abraham-is-on-a-mission-to-save-bharat-ki-beti-watch-9836008/|title=The Diplomat trailer: John Abraham is on a mission to save 'Bharat Ki Beti'. Watch|date=14 February 2025|accessdate=14 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="auto1"/>

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = The Diplomat
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[A. R. Rahman]], [[Manan Bhardwaj]] and [[Anurag Saikia]]
| genre = [[Bollywood]]
| language = Hindi
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| released = 13 March 2025
| recorded = 2024
| length = 11:02
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio
| {{YouTube|1G-bpfJdmxY|The Diplomat Full Album}}
}}
}}

The music for The Diplomat was composed by [[A. R. Rahman]], [[Manan Bhardwaj]] and [[Anurag Saikia]] with lyrics written by [[Manoj Muntashir]], [[P. K. Mishra]] and [[Kausar Munir]]. The film score is composed by Ishaan Chhabra. The soundtrack features a mix of emotional ballads and intense instrumental tracks that complement the political thriller theme. The music also includes patriotic undertones, reflecting the nationalistic sentiments explored in the story.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/the-diplomat-trailer-out-3-reasons-that-make-john-abrahams-upcoming-political-thriller-worth-watching-1372453|title=The Diplomat Trailer OUT: 3 reasons that make John Abraham's upcoming political thriller worth watching|date=14 February 2025|website=PINKVILLA|accessdate=14 February 2025|archive-date=8 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408195623/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/the-diplomat-trailer-out-3-reasons-that-make-john-abrahams-upcoming-political-thriller-worth-watching-1372453|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-the-diplomat-trailer-john-abraham-goes-to-pakistan-to-bring-india-s-daughter-sadia-khateeb-back-fans-says-india-needs-this-movie-3132567|title=The Diplomat trailer: John Abraham goes to Pakistan to bring 'India's daughter' Sadia Khateeb back, fans says 'India needs this movie'|first=Simran|last=Singh|website=DNA India|accessdate=14 February 2025}}</ref>

The song "Bharat," from the 1992 film [[Roja (film)|''Roja'']], sung by [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]] and composed by [[A. R. Rahman]] is recreated for the film.<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 February 2025|title=The Diplomat movie trailer goes viral: John Abraham saves 'Bharat ki Beti' in new movie; social media reacts|url=https://www.livemint.com/entertainment/the-diplomat-movie-trailer-goes-viral-john-abraham-saves-bharat-ki-beti-in-new-movie-social-media-reacts-11739601558822.html|access-date=27 February 2025|work=Mint}}</ref>

"Melma", by Afghanistan-born UK-based singer, Alia Ansari, was used as background score without credit.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ansari |first1=Alia |title=Hearing My Pashto Song on Netflix's The Diplomat |url=https://www.tiktok.com/@ansari1201/video/7502904653785369878 |website=TikTok |publisher=TikTok |access-date=5 November 2025}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| all_writing =
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 11:02
| title1 = Ghar
| extra1 = Varun Jain, Romy, Anurag Saikia
| lyrics1 = [[Kausar Munir]]
| music1 = [[Anurag Saikia]]
| length1 = 3:52
| title2 = Bharat
| extra2 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Prajakta Shukre]], [[Himani Kapoor]], Natraj Kshericha, Swapnomoy Chowdhury, Kamal Bharti
| lyrics2 = [[Manoj Muntashir]], [[P. K. Mishra]]
| music2 = [[Manan Bhardwaj]], [[A. R. Rahman]]
| length2 = 3:18
| title3 = Naina
| extra3 = Varun Jain, Romy, Anurag Saikia
| lyrics3 = Kausar Munir
| music3 = Anurag Saikia
| length3 = 3:52
}}

== Release ==

=== Theatrical ===
After initial postponement from January 2024, it was planned to release in theatres on 7 March 2025,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news24online.com/entertainment/john-abrahams-the-diplomat-trailer-out-now-witness-the-thrilling-true-story-of-intrigue-politics/473454/|title=John Abraham's The Diplomat Trailer OUT NOW: Witness The Thrilling True Story Of Intrigue & Politics|access-date=14 February 2025}}</ref> but was eventually postponed by a week to 14 March 2025 ([[Holi|Holi Day]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/john-abrahams-the-diplomat-receives-new-release-date-7790469/|title=The Diplomat: John Abraham's Film's Release Date Postponed; Will Now Hit The Screens On This Date|date=25 February 2025|work=NDTV|access-date=27 February 2025}}</ref> The film was banned across several of the [[Arab states of the Persian Gulf|Arab countries in the Persian Gulf region]], including [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Oman]], and [[Qatar]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Diplomat: John Abraham starrer gets banned in UAE, Saudi Arabia, Oman, and Qatar over content concerns|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/diplomat-john-abraham-starrer-gets-banned-uae-saudi-arabia-oman-qatar-content-concerns/ |access-date=18 March 2025 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=18 March 2025 |language=en-IN }}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The film's satellite rights were acquired by [[Sony MAX]], where it will be coming soon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/the-diplomat-trailer-out-john-abraham-delivers-power-packed-performance-in-a-political-thriller-watch-9227153.html|title=The Diplomat Promo Out: John Abraham Delivers Power-Packed Performance In A Political Thriller|website=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=28 May 2025}}</ref> The film began streaming on [[Netflix]] from 9 May 2025.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=8 May 2025 |title=The Diplomat OTT release date: When and where to watch John Abraham's film |url=https://www.livemint.com/entertainment/the-diplomat-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-john-abrahams-film-11746709666957.html |work=Mint}}</ref>

== Marketing ==
The marketing campaign for The Diplomat began with the release of the first look poster in January 2025,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/the-diplomat-first-look-poster-john-abraham-s-intense-avatar-grabs-eyeballs-7493863|title=The Diplomat: First Look Poster Of John Abraham's Next Film Grabs Eyeballs|website=www.ndtv.com|access-date=14 February 2025}}</ref> followed by a teaser and the official trailer, which was dropped on 14 February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2025 |title=John Abraham starrer The Diplomat trailer to release on February 14 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/john-abraham-starrer-diplomat-trailer-release-february-14/ |access-date=14 February 2025 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/john-abrahams-the-diplomat-trailer-drops-tomorrow-check-out-sadia-khateebs-new-motion-poster-2858304.html|title=John Abrahams The Diplomat Trailer Drops Tomorrow, Check Out Sadia Khateebs New Motion Poster|website=Zee News|access-date=14 February 2025}}</ref>

==Reception==
=== Box office ===
''The Diplomat'' concluded its theatrical run with worldwide gross estimated to be ₹53.14 crore<ref name="bo"/>

=== Critical reception ===
{{Rotten Tomatoes prose|47||17|consensus=|ref=yes|access-date=2 May 2025}}

A critic for ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' rated the film 3.5 out of 5, and wrote "On the whole, ''The Diplomat'' is a nail-biting thriller that brings a shocking and heroic true story to life. At the box office, the film may start slow, but with strong word of mouth, it has the potential to grow and make a lasting impact."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=13 March 2025 |title=The Diplomat Movie Review: THE DIPLOMAT is a nailbiting thriller.|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/the-diplomat/critic-review/the-diplomat-movie-review/the-diplomat-is-a-nail-biting-thriller/ |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>

[[Sukanya Verma]] of [[Rediff.com]] gave the film 2.5 out of 5 and observed that "The possibilities of this serviceable thriller are immense but the makers prefer to play it safe and hold back the daredevil in the diplomat's clothing".<ref>{{cite web | last=Verma | first=Sukanya | title=The Diplomat Review: John Abraham Plays It Safe | website=Rediff | date=14 March 2025 | url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/review/the-diplomat-review-john-abraham-plays-it-safe/20250314.htm}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|26229612}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|the-diplomat}}
{{Portal bar|India|Bollywood|Films}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Diplomat, The (2025 film)}}
[[Category:2025 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2020s political thriller films]]
[[Category:2025 biographical drama films]]
[[Category:2025 drama films]]
[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:Drama films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Fiction about Indian diaspora]]
[[Category:Films about diplomats]]
[[Category:Films about domestic violence]]
[[Category:Films about dysfunctional families]]
[[Category:Films about international relations]]
[[Category:Films about Islamic terrorism in India]]
[[Category:Films about marriage]]
[[Category:Films about violence against women]]
[[Category:Films about women in India]]
[[Category:Films scored by A. R. Rahman]]
[[Category:Films set in airports]]
[[Category:Films set in Delhi]]
[[Category:Films set in Islamabad]]
[[Category:Films set in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
[[Category:Films set in Malaysia]]
[[Category:Films set in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Films set in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Films set in Punjab, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Films shot in Delhi]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Ritesh Shah]]
[[Category:Hindi-language biographical films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language films based on actual events]]
[[Category:History of India on film]]
[[Category:Indian biographical drama films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian political thriller films]]
[[Category:India–Pakistan relations in popular culture]]
[[Category:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa fiction]]
[[Category:Military of Pakistan in films]]
[[Category:Political thriller films based on actual events]]
[[Category:T-Series (company) films]]
[[Category:Censored films]]

Jodhpur–Delhi Cantonment Vande Bharat Express

2026-05-05T10:16:31Z

Dwps: new stub

{{short description|Mini Vande Bharat Express train route in India}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox rail service
| color = FF7220
| name = Jodhpur–Delhi Cantonment ''Vande Bharat Express''
| logo =
| logo_width =
| image = Jodhpur vande Bharat.jpg
| image_width = 300px
| image_alt =
| alt =
| caption = Jodhpur–Delhi Cantonment Vande Bharat Express at [[Rewari Junction railway station]]
| type = [[Vande Bharat Express]]
| locale = [[Rajasthan]], [[Haryana]] and [[New Delhi]]
| first = {{start date and age|25 September 2025|df=yes}} (Inaugural) {{start date and age|27 September 2025}} (Commercial)
| last =
| operator = [[North Western Railway zone|North Western Railways (NWR)]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Jodhpur}} (JU)
| stops = 08
| end = {{stnlnk|Delhi Cantonment}} (DEC)
| distance = {{convert|604|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 08 hrs 05 mins
| frequency = Six days a week {{efn|Except Tuesdays}}
| trainnumber = 26481 / 26482
| line_used = (TBC)
| class = AC Chair Car, AC Executive Chair Car
| seating = {{Hlist|Airline style|Rotatable seats}}
| sleeping = No
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering
| observation = Large windows in all coaches
| entertainment = {{Hlist|[[Wi-Fi|On-board WiFi]]|Infotainment system|[[IS 1293|Electric outlets]]|Reading light|Seat pockets|Bottle holder|Tray table}}
| baggage = Overhead racks
| otherfacilities = [[Kavach (train protection system)|Kavach]]
| stock = [[Mini Vande Bharat 2.0]]
| gauge = [[Indian gauge]]
| el =
| speed = {{cvt|75|km/h|0|abbr=on}} (Avg.)
| trainlength = {{convert|192|m|ft}} (08 coaches)
| owners = [[Indian Railways]]
| maintenance = [[North Western Railway zone|Jodhpur (JU)]]
| map = {{Jodhpur–Delhi Cantonment VB Express Route}}
| map_state = collapsed
| electrification = [[25 kV 50 Hz AC]] overhead line
}}
The 26481/26482 '''Jodhpur–Delhi Cantonment ''Vande Bharat Express''''' is India's 75th [[Vande Bharat Express]] train, which connects [[Jodhpur]], Rajasthan with the national capital [[New Delhi]] in India.

This express train was inaugurated on 25 September 2025 by the Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] via [[Videotelephony|video-conferencing]] from [[Banswara]], a town in the north-western state of [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-25 |title=PM Modi flags off 3 new trains from Rajasthan, including Vande Bharat Express – check routes |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/rail-projects-rajasthan-pm-modi-launch-3-trains-vande-bharat-express-check-routes-10269516/ |access-date=2025-09-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vande Bharat Express: PM Modi Flags Off New Delhi–Jodhpur, Delhi–Bikaner Trains |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/rajasthan/pm-modi-flags-off-two-new-vande-bharat-trains-connecting-rajasthan-with-national-capital-3742704 |access-date=2025-09-26 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tyagi |first=Tashika |date=2025-09-25 |title=Rajasthan Gets 2 New Vande Bharat Trains Connecting Jodhpur & Bikaner To Delhi; Routes, Timings & Details Here |url=https://curlytales.com/india/trending/rajasthan-gets-teo-new-vande-bharat-trains-connecting-jodhpur-bikaner-to-delhi-routes-timings-details-here/ |access-date=2025-09-26 |website=Curly Tales |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Akhtar |first=Zeeshan |date=2025-09-25 |title=PM Modi flags off three Vande Bharat trains, unveils ₹1 lakh crore projects in Rajasthan |url=https://www.thehindu.com/videos/watch-pm-modi-flags-off-three-vande-bharat-trains-unveils-1-lakh-crore-projects-in-rajasthan/article70094539.ece |access-date=2025-09-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vande Bharat Express: PM Modi Flags Off New Trains Connecting Jodhpur, Bikaner To Delhi {{!}} Check Route, Start Date And Timings |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/india/vande-bharat-express-pm-modi-flags-off-new-trains-connecting-jodhpur-bikaner-to-delhi-route-start-date-timings-inside-10269562 |access-date=2025-09-26 |website=www.thedailyjagran.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-19 |title=Rajasthan to get 2 new Vande Bharat trains next week; check routes |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/rajasthan-to-get-2-new-vande-bharat-trains-next-week-check-routes-10259238/ |access-date=2025-09-19 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhaskar |first=Dainik |date=19 September 2025 |title=जोधपुर से 8 घंटे में पहुंच जाएंगे दिल्ली:25 सितंबर से शुरू होगी वंदे भारत एक्सप्रेस ट्रेन; मंगलवार छोड़कर सप्ताह में 6 दिन चलेगी |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/jodhpur/news/jodhpur-delhi-vande-bharat-express-to-be-inaugurated-on-25th-135957530.html |access-date=19 September 2025 |website=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fatima |first=Farha |title=राजस्थान से दिल्ली तक सफर आसान, जोधपुर-जयपुर-बीकानेर-चुरू रूट पर दौड़ेंगी नई वंदेभारत |url=https://www.india.com/hindi-news/gallery-hindi/new-vande-bharat-express-jodhpur-to-delhi-cantt-via-jaipur-bikaner-and-churu-8076263/ |access-date=2025-09-19 |website=www.india.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jodhpur–Delhi Vande Bharat Express to Commence Operations on 25th September |url=https://www.patrika.com/en/jodhpur-news/jodhpur-delhi-vande-bharat-express-to-commence-operations-on-25th-september-19961278 |access-date=2025-09-20 |website=Patrika News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajasthan: शेखावाटी को मिलेगी पहली वंदे भारत ट्रेन, इन चार स्टेशनों पर होगा ठहराव; यहां देखें पूरा रूट |url=https://www.patrika.com/jhunjhunu-news/delhi-bikaner-vande-bharat-express-train-will-run-in-shekhawati-will-stop-at-four-stations-19961266 |access-date=2025-09-20 |website=Patrika News |language=hi}}</ref>

== Overview ==
This train is currently operated by [[Indian Railways]], connecting {{stnlnk|Jodhpur}}, {{stnlnk|Merta Road Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Degana Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Makrana Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Phulera Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Jaipur Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Alwar Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Rewari Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Gurgaon}} and [[Delhi Cantonment railway station|Delhi Cantt]]. It is currently operated with train numbers 26481/26482 on 6 days a week basis.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-19 |title=Delhi to Jodhpur in 8 hours: Two new Vande Bharat trains to start in Rajasthan next week – Check timings, route |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/railways-delhi-to-jodhpur-in-8-hours-two-new-vande-bharat-trains-to-start-in-rajasthan-next-week-check-timings-route-3983017/ |access-date=2025-09-19 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vande Bharat Update: Two Express Trains From Jodhpur And Bikaner To Delhi To Launch Soon; Cut Travel Time By An Hour {{!}} Check Route, Timings |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/india/vande-bharat-trains-from-jodhpur-bikaner-to-delhi-to-launch-soon-cut-travel-time-by-an-hour-route-timings-10268210 |access-date=2025-09-19 |website=www.thedailyjagran.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-19 |title=Vande Bharat train : जोधपुर-दिल्ली वाया जयपुर वंदे भारत 25 सितंबर से शुरू |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/rajasthan/jodhpur-vande-bharat-train-jodhpur-delhi-vande-bharat-train-will-depart-at-530-am-from-25th-and-reach-in-8-hours-local18-ws-kl-9642247.html |access-date=2025-09-19 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vande Bharat Train: राजस्थान को रेलवे की सौगात, पीएम मोदी 2 वंदेभारत स हित 3 नई ट्रेनों को दिखा सकते हैं हरी झंडी! |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/rajasthan/udaipur/rajasthan-rail-boost-pm-modi-to-flag-off-two-vande-bharat-trains-in-september-connect-jodhpur-bikaner/1757307426444 |access-date=2025-09-19 |website=Zee Rajasthan |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-05 |title=Rajasthan set to get another Vande Bharat train; check route |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/rajasthan-set-to-get-another-vande-bharat-train-check-route-10231896/ |access-date=2025-09-19 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Rakes==
It is the seventieth [[Vande Bharat (trainset)#Second generation|2nd Generation]] and [[Vande Bharat (trainset)#Second generation|Mini Vande Bharat 2.0 Express train]] which was designed and manufactured by the [[Integral Coach Factory]] at [[Perambur]], [[Chennai]] under the [[Make in India]] initiative.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Train 18, India's Fastest, Named "Vande Bharat Express": Piyush Goyal |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/train-18-indias-fastest-named-vande-bharat-express-piyush-goyal-1983965 |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

== Service ==
The 26481/26482 Jodhpur–Delhi Cantonment Vande Bharat Express currently operates 6 days a week, covering a distance of {{convert|604|km|0|abbr=on}} in a travel time of 08 hrs 05 mins with average speed of 75 km/h.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-25 |title=Jodhpur–Delhi Vande Bharat Express: Timings, Route, Ticket Prices & Start Date |url=https://indianexpress.com/videos/news-video/jodhpur-delhi-vande-bharat-express-timings-route-ticket-prices-start-date/ |access-date=2025-09-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Sheenu |date=2025-09-20 |title=Rajasthan to get two new Vande Bharat Express trains: Delhi to Jodhpur in just 8 hours starting this date |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/business/news/rajasthan-to-get-two-new-vande-bharat-express-trains-delhi-to-jodhpur-in-just-8-hours-starting-september-25-check-timings-route-passengers-good-news-2025-09-20-1009104 |access-date=2025-09-20 |website=India TV News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Delhi to Jodhpur in just 8 hours, Vande Bharat Express train to begin from...; will run 6 days a week except... |url=https://www.india.com/news/india/delhi-to-jodhpur-in-just-8-hours-vande-bharat-express-train-to-begin-from-will-run-6-days-a-week-8086259/ |access-date=2025-09-20 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref> The Maximum Permissible Speed (MPS) is {{Convert|130|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Jodhpur–Delhi Cantonment Vande Bharat Express (26481)<ref>{{Cite web |title=26481/Jodhpur–Delhi Cantt. Vande Bharat Express – Jodhpur to Delhi Cantt. NWR/North Western Zone – Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-jodhpur-delhi-cantt-vande-bharat-express-26481/275452/126/351 |access-date=2025-09-29 |website=India Rail Info}}</ref>
!Station
!Station code
!Arrival
!Departure
!Halt (min)
!Distance (km)
!Day
|-
|Jodhpur
|JU
|N/A
|05:25
|N/A
|0.0
|1
|-
|Merta Road Jn
|MTD
|06:28
|06:30
|02
|102.9
|1
|-
|Degana Jn
|DNA
|06:58
|07:00
|02
|146.9
|1
|-
|Makrana Jn
|MKN
|07:28
|07:30
|02
|190.6
|1
|-
|Phulera Jn
|FL
|08:35
|08:37
|02
|255.4
|1
|-
|Jaipur Jn
|JP
|09:25
|09:30
|05
|310.1
|1
|-
|Alwar Jn
|AWR
|11:18
|11:20
|02
|461.2
|1
|-
|Rewari Jn
|RE
|12:13
|12:15
|02
|535.7
|1
|-
|Gurgaon
|GGN
|13:00
|13:01
|01
|587.0
|1
|-
|Delhi Cantt.
|DEC
|13:30
|N/A
|N/A
|604.0
|1
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Delhi Cantonment–Jodhpur Vande Bharat Express (26482)<ref>{{Cite web |title=26482/Delhi Cantt.–Jodhpur Vande Bharat Express – Delhi Cantt. to Jodhpur NWR/North Western Zone – Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-delhi-cantt-jodhpur-vande-bharat-express-26482/275455/351/126 |access-date=2025-09-29 |website=India Rail Info}}</ref>
!Station
!Station code
!Arrival
!Departure
!Halt (min)
!Distance (km)
!Day
|-
|Delhi Cantt.
|DEC
|N/A
|15:10
|N/A
|0.0
|1
|-
|Gurgaon
|GGN
|15:22
|15:24
|02
|17.0
|1
|-
|Rewari Jn
|RE
|16:20
|16:22
|02
|68.2
|1
|-
|Alwar Jn
|AWR
|17:08
|17:10
|02
|142.8
|1
|-
|Jaipur Jn
|JP
|19:00
|19:05
|05
|293.9
|1
|-
|Phulera Jn
|FL
|19:53
|19:55
|02
|348.5
|1
|-
|Makrana Jn
|MKN
|20:39
|20:41
|02
|413.3
|1
|-
|Degana Jn
|DNA
|21:09
|21:11
|02
|457.0
|1
|-
|Merta Road Jn
|MTD
|21:39
|21:41
|02
|501.0
|1
|-
|Jodhpur
|JU
|23:20
|N/A
|N/A
|604.0
|1
|}
<references group="lower-alpha" responsive="1"></references>

== See also ==

* [[Vande Bharat Express]]
* [[Tejas Express]]
* [[Gatiman Express]]
* [[Jodhpur railway station]]
* [[Delhi Cantonment railway station]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Vande Bharat Express}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jodhpur-Delhi Cantonment Vande Bharat Express}}
[[Category:Vande Bharat Express trains]]
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]
[[Category:Higher-speed rail]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Electric multiple units of India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Transport in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Transport in Jodhpur]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Transport in Delhi]]

Saifi (community)

2026-05-05T00:41:44Z

Dwps: Made redirect

#REDIRECT [[Muslim Barhai]]

Tiruchchirappalli Junction railway station

2026-05-03T11:08:58Z

Dwps: new pg!

{{Short description|Railway station in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Tiruchchirappalli Junction
| other_name = Tiruchi/ Trichinopoly Junction, trichy junction
| style = Indian Railways
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways]] station
| image = TRICHY.jpg
| caption = Entrance of Tiruchchirappalli Junction Railway Station
| address = Rockins Road, [[Tiruchirapalli district]]. [[Tamil Nadu]]. [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] – 620001
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|10.7942|78.6854|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = {{convert|95.05|m|ft}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Southern Railway zone]]
| line = [[Chord Line, Tamil Nadu|Chord Line]] Trichy–Thanjavur–Kumbakonam main line Erode–Karur–Trichy line Trichy–Madurai line Trichy-Manamadurai line
| platforms = 9 [[Side platforms]]
| tracks = 17
| other = Bus, Taxi, Auto Rikshaw, OLA Point
| structure = At-Grade ([[Indo-Gothic]])
| depth =
| levels =
| parking = Yes
| bicycle = Yes
| accessible = {{Access icon|20px}}
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = TPJ
| zone = [[Southern Railway zone]]
| division = {{rwd|Tiruchirappalli}}
}}
| zone =
| opened = {{Start date and age|1859}}
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| status = Active
| electrified = [[25 kV AC]] [[Utility frequency|50 Hz]]<ref name=tpjre>{{cite news|last=Syed Muthahar|first=Saqaf|title=Electrified BG section to be inaugurated|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/01/28/stories/2010012856070100.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131224045110/http://www.hindu.com/2010/01/28/stories/2010012856070100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 December 2013|access-date=24 December 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=30 January 2010}}</ref>
| former = Old Madras Railway Station
| mpassengers =
| passengers = 1,50,000 per day<ref name="psgn">{{cite news|last1=R. Rajaram|title=Tiruchi Junction to get Wi-Fi|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/tiruchi-junction-to-get-wifi/article8883999.ece?ref=tpnews|access-date=24 July 2016|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=22 July 2016|location=[[Tiruchi]]}}</ref>
| pass_system =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| services = {{adjacent stations|system=Indian Railways
| line1 = Southern Railway zone|left1=Golden Rock|to-left1=Thanjavur Junction|right1=Kumaramangalam|to-right1=Pudukkottai
| line2 = Southern Railway zone|left2=Golden Rock|to-left2=Chennai Egmore|right2=Kumaramangalam|to-right2=Pudukkottai
| line3 = Southern Railway zone|left3=Tiruchirappalli Palakkarai|to-left3=Karur Junction|right3=Punggudi|to-right3=Dindigul Junction
}}
| route_map = {{Ponmalai (Golden Rock) railway station}}
| map_state = show
| map_locator =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-caption = Interactive map
| mapframe-custom = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=300|frame-height=180|zoom=14|type=point|marker=rail}}
}}

'''Tiruchchirappalli Junction railway station''' (also known as '''Trichy Junction railway station'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETInfra.com |title=PM Modi launches projects worth over Rs 20,000 cr in Tiruchirappalli - ET Infra |url=https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/urban-infrastructure/pm-modi-launches-projects-worth-over-rs-20000-cr-in-tiruchirappalli/106481039 |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=ETInfra.com |language=en}}</ref>)(station code: TPJ<ref name="stn_code">{{cite web |title=Station Code Index |url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/coaching/TAG_2023-24/Station_Code_Index.pdf |website=Portal of Indian Railways |publisher=Centre For Railway Information Systems |access-date=27 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216225807/https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/coaching/TAG_2023-24/Station_Code_Index.pdf |archive-date=16 February 2024 |page=8 |format=PDF |date=2023–24}}</ref>) is an NSG–2 category [[List of railway stations in India|Indian railway station]] in [[Tiruchirappalli railway division]] of [[Southern Railway zone]].<ref name="sr_stn">{{cite web |title=SOUTHERN RAILWAY LIST OF STATIONS AS ON 01.04.2023 (CATEGORY- WISE) |url=https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1686913242750-SR%20-LIST%20OF%20STATIONS-2023.pdf |website=Portal of Indian Railways |publisher=Centre For Railway Information Systems |access-date=27 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323095403/https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1686913242750-SR%20-LIST%20OF%20STATIONS-2023.pdf |archive-date=23 March 2024 |page=3 |format=PDF |date=1 April 2023}}</ref> It is a [[junction station]] in [[Tiruchirappalli]] of the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-03 |title=New platform to speed up train ops in Trichy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/trichy/new-platform-to-speed-up-train-ops-in-trichy/articleshow/102371534.cms |access-date=2024-03-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=S. Senthil |date=2023-10-23 |title=Podanur to be renamed as Coimbatore South station |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2023/Oct/23/podanur-to-be-renamed-as-coimbatore-south-station-2626335.html |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> It is the only railway station to host [[diesel–electric multiple unit]] (DEMU) shed. Tiruchirappalli Junction is the second largest railway station in Tamil Nadu and one of the busiest railway stations in India.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}

==History==
{{stack|[[File:Tiruchi Jn. Name board.jpg|thumb|Name board of Tiruchirappalli Junction]]}}
The Great Southern of India, a railway company was established in 1853 with [[Tiruchirappalli]] as its headquarters.<ref name="muthiahp321">{{cite book | title=Madras Rediscovered| last=Muthiah| first=S.|author-link=S. Muthiah |year=2004| page=321| publisher=East West Books (Madras) Pvt Ltd| isbn=81-88661-24-4}}</ref> In 1859, the company constructed its first railway line that connected Tiruchirappalli with [[Nagapattinam]].<ref name="muthiahp321" /> Presently, Tiruchirappalli is an important railway junction in Tamil Nadu and is a separate division of the [[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railway]].<ref name="trichydivision">{{cite web|title=Tiruchchirappalli division|url=http://www.sr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,263,579,582|publisher=[[Southern Railway zone]]|access-date=2011-06-30}}</ref>

Five rail lines branch separately from Trichy Junction:

* Towards north for {{stnlnk|Viluppuram Junction}} via {{stnlnk|Virudhachalam Junction}}
* Towards east for {{stnlnk|Viluppuram Junction}} via {{stnlnk|Thanjavur Junction}}
* Towards south-east for {{stnlnk|Karaikkudi Junction}}
* Towards south for {{stnlnk|Trivandrum Central}} via {{stnlnk|Dindigul Junction}}
* Towards west for {{stnlnk|Coimbatore Junction}} via {{stnlnk|Karur Junction}}

==Projects and developments==
[[Golden Rock Railway Workshop]] and [[Diesel Loco Shed, Golden Rock|Diesel Loco Shed]] were involved in maintaining the [[railroad car|bogies]] and [[locomotive]]s respectively for passenger and freight operations. The station is also equipped with free [[Wi-Fi]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/trichy/Trichy-railway-junction-gets-free-Wi-Fi/articleshow/53375198.cms|title=Trichy railway junction gets free Wi-Fi|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-04-07}}</ref> retiring rooms,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Retiring-rooms-in-Tiruchi-Junction-a-big-hit/article16597484.ece|title=Retiring rooms in Tiruchi Junction, a big hit|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-04-07}}</ref> and AC lounge for passengers at 1st platform.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiamike.com/india/indian-railways-f10/ac-waiting-lounge-trichy-t90476/|title=AC Waiting Lounge Trichy|website=IndiaMike.com|access-date=2017-04-07}}</ref> On {{Date|Aug 1, 2023}}, the eighth platform of the station was commissioned to reduce the waiting time for trains.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-03 |title=New platform to speed up train ops in Trichy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/trichy/new-platform-to-speed-up-train-ops-in-trichy/articleshow/102371534.cms |access-date=2024-03-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Awards and achievements ==
{{As of|2019|20}}, the average passenger footfall recorded at the station was 52,715 per day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joseph |first=Jose K. |date=2021-10-18 |title=Rise in footfall at Tiruchy railway junction; more special trains likely ahead of Deepavali |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/Oct/18/rise-in-footfall-at-tiruchy-railway-junction-more-special-trains-likely-ahead-of-deepavali-2372724.html |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The station has been awarded five star rating for electricity conservation. It was awarded ‘Gold’ (72 points) rating in {{Date|March 2020}} by the [[Confederation of Indian Industry|Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)]] for implementing various [[environment-friendly]] measures.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 6, 2020 |title=Trichy Junction bags green railway station certification |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/trichy/trichy-junction-bags-green-railway-station-certification/articleshow/76225522.cms |access-date=2020-06-12 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> It is the first and only station in Southern Railway and also fifth across Indian Railways to get "Gold" certification.<ref>{{cite web |last=Southern Railway |title=Chennai Central became the first Station in Southern Railway to get the prestigious Green Building Certification |url=https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=7115&did=15378598012471EBEEB80E3878D8A402719603C82D495}}</ref>

== Urban stations ==
* {{stnlnk|Tiruchirappalli Palakkarai}} (TPE)
* {{stnlnk|Tiruchirappalli Fort}} (TP)
* {{stnlnk|Golden Rock}} (GOC)
* Manjattidal (MCJ)
* [[Thiruverumbur|Tiruverumbur]] (TRB)
* {{stnlnk|Tiruchirappalli Town}} (TPTN)
* {{stnlnk|Srirangam}} (SRGM)
*Pichchandarkovil (BXS)
*Uthamar kovil (UKV)
*mutharasanallur (MTNL)
*Vaaladi (VLDE)
*poongudi(PUG)

== Suburban stations ==
* Kumaramangalam (KRMG)
* Tondamanpatti (TOM)
* Mekkudi (MKY)
* Jiyapuram (JPM)
* Elamanur (EL)
* [[Uttamar Kovil|Perugamani (PGN)]]
* [[Pettavaithalai|Pettaivaithalai]] (PLI)
* Pullambadi (PMB)
* Lalgudi (LLI)
* Kolatur (KLS)

==In popular culture==
Tiruchchirappalli Junction is one of the most prominent landmarks in the city so has often featured in movies. The station has been used in some Indian novels and art productions over the years. Films and other programs filmed at the station, include:
* ''[[Vaaranam Aayiram]]'' (2008) ([[Tamil language|Tamil]])
* ''[[Siva Manasula Sakthi]]'' (Tamil)
* ''[[Kalaga Thalaivan]]''

==See also==
* [[List of railway stations in India]]
*[[Railway Heritage Centre, Tiruchirappalli]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IndiaRailInfo|id=787}}
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.trichy.com/trains/ Trichy Junction Train Timings]
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|Tiruchirappalli}}
* [http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-budget-2012-railway-indias-best-stations/20120314.htm#10]

{{Transport in Tiruchirappalli}}
{{Railway stations in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Portal bar|Transport|Engineering}}

[[Category:Railway junction stations in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Tiruchirappalli]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1859]]

Besharmi Ki Height

2026-05-02T15:24:57Z

Dwps: Created Post!

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Besharmi Ki Height
| cover =
| alt =
| caption =
| type =
| artist = [[Benny Dayal]] and [[Shalmali Kholgade]]
| album = [[Main Tera Hero]]
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2014|03|03}}
| recorded =
| studio =
| venue =
| genre = {{flatlist|
* [[Filmi]]
* [[Pop music|Pop]]
}}
| length = {{Duration|m=4|s=30}}
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| composer = [[Sajid–Wajid]]
| lyricist = [[Kumaar]]
| producer = [[David Dhawan]]
| tracks = # "Besharmi Ki Height"
# "Palat – Tera Hero Idhar Hai"
# "Shanivaar Raati"
# "Galat Baat Hai"
# "Besharmi Ki Height (Remix)"
# "Galat Baat Hai (Remix)"
| misc = {{External music video|{{YouTube|IFYJNLZT_B0|"Besharmi Ki Height"}}|type=song}}
}}

'''Besharmi Ki Height''' is a [[Music of Bollywood|Hindi song]] from the 2014 Hindi film, ''[[Main Tera Hero]]''. Composed by [[Sajid–Wajid]], the song is sung by [[Benny Dayal]] and [[Shalmali Kholgade]], with lyrics penned by [[Kumaar]]. The music video of the peppy dance track features actors [[Varun Dhawan]] and [[Ileana D'Cruz]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koimoi.com/videos/palat-song-video-main-tera-hero-varun-dhawan-replicates-govindas-style/ |title=Palat Song Video - Main Tera Hero - Varun Dhawan Replicates Govinda's Style! |work=Koimoi |date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 January 2015}}</ref>

== Background ==
The song is composed by [[Sajid–Wajid]] and rendered by [[Benny Dayal]] and [[Shalmali Kholgade]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/music-review-main-tera-hero-5686.html |title=Music Review: Main Tera Hero |work=[[Filmfare]] |author=Devesh Sharma |date=25 March 2014 |access-date=3 January 2015}}</ref>

The producers of the film capitulating on the popularity of the song "Palat – Tera Hero Idhar Hai" from the soundtrack attached a remix version of it along with the theatrical prints of ''[[Ragini MMS 2]]'' which released on 21 March 2014—instead of the theatrical trailer—marking the first such instance.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Varuns-Palat-song-as-a-promo-with-Ragini-MMS-2/articleshow/32307384.cms | title=Varun's Palat song as a promo with Ragini MMS 2 | publisher=[[The Times of India]] | work=TNN | date=20 March 2014 | access-date=22 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/varuns-song-to-be-shown-as-promo-with-ragini-mms-2-185607-2014-03-20 | title=Varun's 'Palat' song to be shown as promo with Ragini MMS 2 | magazine=[[India Today]] | date=20 March 2014 | access-date=22 March 2014 | via=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref> Some critics compared the track, "Palat – Tera Hero Idhar Hai" to the 1981 song, "Jahan Teri Yeh Nazar Hai" from the soundtrack of the film, ''[[Kaalia]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Main Tera Hero Song Inspired by Jahan Teri Yeh Nazar Hai?|url=http://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/discussion/main-tera-hero-song-inspired-jahan-teri-yeh-nazar-hai-0|publisher=PinkVilla|access-date=4 March 2014|date=3 March 2014|archive-date=13 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140613005741/http://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/discussion/main-tera-hero-song-inspired-jahan-teri-yeh-nazar-hai-0|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=RD Burman's 'Kaalia' number influenced Sajid-Wajid's 'Palat'|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/rd-burman-s-kaalia-number-influenced-sajid-wajid-s-palat-114032200605_1.html|publisher=Business SKandard|date=22 March 2014 |access-date=28 March 2014}}</ref> Talking about the resemblance, Sajid stated: "I won't deny any influence in our work, but I am not sure to what extent it goes". According to him the lyrics and the vibe of the song are similar, though the tune is different.<ref>{{cite web|title=Palat inspired by Jahan Teri Yeh Nazar Hai! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/Palat-inspired-by-Jahan-Teri-Yeh-Nazar-Hai/articleshow/32911274.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |author=Soumitra Das |date=28 March 2014|access-date=8 January 2015}}</ref> The song was talked for its similarity with many tracks performed by [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Main Tera Hero song Tera hero idhar hai: Is Varun Dhawan paying a tribute to Govinda? |url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/main-tera-hero-song-tera-hero-idhar-hai-is-varun-dhawan-paying-a-tribute-to-govinda/ |work=Bollywood Life |author=Namrata Thakker |date=28 February 2014|access-date=8 January 2015}}</ref>

The song is directed by [[David Dhawan]] who is contributed by his elder son, Rohit. The lyrics of the song is penned by [[Kumaar]] who stated; " To crack this very simple yet catchy and populist vibe is hard, and I don't understand the game of hits and flops".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/Kausar-Munir-I-never-planned-to-become-a-lyricist/articleshow/37253932.cms |title=Kausar Munir: I never planned to become a lyricist |author=Seema Sinha |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=27 June 2014 |access-date=19 December 2014}}</ref> Additional lyrics of the song is penned by Danish Sabri.<ref name="music video"/> Since the song required Dhawan to involve a lot of heavy duty steps on the ground with body weight balanced on the hands solely and to avoid any injuries to his wrist and hand, he suggested wearing biker's gloves.<ref>{{cite web|title=Varun Dhawan's safety accessories in 'Palat' turns style statement |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Varun-Dhawans-safety-accessories-in-Palat-turns-style-statement/articleshow/32421678.cms |work=[[the Times of India]] |author=Iti Shree Misra |date=21 March 2014 |access-date=10 January 2015}}</ref>

The promotional released music video features, [[Nargis Fakhri]] through various [[Snippet (programming)|snippet]]s from the [[Main Tera Hero|film]] and songs like "Galat Baat Hai" and "Shanivaar Raat". However the video used in the movie, features [[Varun Dhawan]] and [[Ileana D'Cruz]] with no frames of Fakhri. In the music video of the song, he dances in the middle of a basketball court, on a wall and even while hanging from an artificial climbing rockface.<ref>{{cite web|title=Main Tera Hero song Tera Hero Idhar Hai with a special Palat |url=https://www.india.com/showbiz/main-tera-hero-song-tera-hero-idhar-hai-with-a-special-palat-17056/ |work=India.com |author=Rishabh Chakravorty |date=26 February 2014 |access-date=8 January 2015}}</ref> The song starts as Dhawan tries wooing Ileana on a college campus who is then accompanied by a bunch of guys, showing some Bollywood dance moves.<ref name="music video">{{cite web|title=Video - Varun Dhawan shows his dance moves in 'Main Tera Hero' song 'Palat' |url=https://www.apunkachoice.com/titles/mai/main-tera-hero/mid_38211/videos/movid201139/varun_dhawan_shows_his_dance_moves_in_main_tera_hero_song_palat.html |work=Apun Ka Choice |date=26 March 2014 |access-date=10 January 2015}}</ref>

== Release and response ==
A 15-second teaser of the song was released on [[YouTube]] handle of [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]], on 26 February 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=Main Tera Hero song Tera hero Idhar hai teaser: Varun Dhawan is a colourful college stud! |url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/main-tera-hero-song-tera-hero-idhar-hai-teaser-varun-dhawan-is-a-colourful-college-stud/ |work=BollywoodLife |author=Prathamesh Jadhav |date=26 February 2014 |access-date=9 January 2015}}</ref> The promotional music video of the song was uploaded on 28 February 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=Main Tera Hero song Tera hero idhar hai: Is Varun Dhawan paying a tribute to Govinda? |url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/main-tera-hero-song-tera-hero-idhar-hai-is-varun-dhawan-paying-a-tribute-to-govinda/ |work=BollywoodLife |author=Namrata Thakker |date=28 February 2014 |access-date=9 January 2015}}</ref> The full version of the audio track was released digitally on 3 March 2014, in the soundtrack of the album.<ref name=iTunes>{{cite web|title=Main Tera Hero (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)|url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/main-tera-hero-original-motion/id843259764 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630205234/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/main-tera-hero-original-motion/id843259764 |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 June 2014 |work=Sajid - Wajid |publisher=[[iTunes]] |date=20 March 2014 |access-date=11 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author= |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/mumbai/Varun-and-Nargis-release-the-music-of-Main-Tera-Hero-at-a-suburban-mall-in-Mumbai/articleshow/31482865.cms |title=Varun and Nargis release the music of Main Tera Hero at a suburban mall in Mumbai - The Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=6 March 2013 |access-date=11 January 2015}}</ref>

Talking about the popularity of the song, Ileana D'Cruz said; "Songs are such an important part of the film. I am very happy and surprised that 'Palat' became a big hit".<ref>{{cite web|title=Palat influenced from RD Burman's Tune |url=https://www.apunkachoice.com/content/article/sid100019090-varun_dhawan_ileana_dcruz_happy_main_tera_hero_songs_are_hit/|work=Apun Ka Choice |date=24 March 2014 |access-date=9 January 2015}}</ref> Regarding the success of the song, [[Varun Dhawan]] commented: "While promoting the film in various cities, I was inundated with requests to dance on Palat. In Indore, when we asked the crowd to select a track, this song was the unanimous choice. They went berserk when it was played".<ref>{{cite web|title='Palat' hits the right notes|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Palat-hits-the-right-notes/articleshow/32902582.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |author=Parag Maniary |date=30 March 2014 |access-date=10 January 2015}}</ref>

== Critical reception ==
Joginder Tuteja from ''[[Rediff.com]]'' felt the song has "catchy beats and a foot-tapping rhythm", calling it as "the height of the masala score".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-main-tera-hero-has-dhamaal-music/20140317.htm |title=Review: Main Tera Hero has dhamaal music! |work=[[Rediff.com]] |author=Joginder Tuteja |date=17 March 2014 |access-date=11 January 2015}}{{Rating|3|5}}</ref> Devesh Sharma from ''[[Filmfare]]'' talked about the resemblance of the song with the [[RD Burman]]'s composition and commented: "Singh sings it in full Kishore Kumar mode and you can’t help but smile at the nostalgic feel that it provides as well{{clarify|date=April 2016}} is own comic resonance".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/music-review-main-tera-hero-5686.html |title=Music Review : Main Tera Hero |magazine=[[Filmfare]] |author=Devesh Sharma |date=25 March 2014 |access-date=11 January 2015}}{{Rating|4|5}}</ref> ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'''s Rajiv Vijayakar called [[Arijit Singh]] a "revelation", who further stated: "This is terrain he has never been visualized in before, and the singer shines".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/musiccriticreview/id/590526 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307121541/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/musiccriticreview/id/590526 |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 March 2014 |title=Main Tera Hero (2014) - Music Review - Hindi Movie Songs |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |author=Rajiv Vijayakar |date=6 March 2014 |access-date=11 January 2015}}{{Rating|3|5}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Arijit Singh}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Songs in Hindi]]
[[Category:Songs written for Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2014 songs]]
[[Category:Songs with lyrics by Kumaar]]

Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology

2026-04-26T19:43:26Z

Dwps: new new info!

{{Short description|Indian scientific research institute}}
{{COI|date=March 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology
| image = File:Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology.svg
| image_size =
| abbreviation = CSIR-IGIB
| established = 1977
| leader_title = Director
| leader_name = [[Souvik Maiti]]
| num_staff =
| budget =
| endowment =
| predecessor = [[Center for Biochemical Technology]]
| location = Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, [[Delhi]]-110 025.
| website = {{URL|http://www.igib.res.in}}
| formation =
| extinction =
| type = [[Government organization]]
| status =
| purpose = To translate concepts developed in basic biological research to commercially viable technologies for health care
| headquarters =
| region_served =
| num_members =
| language =
| main_organ =
| parent_organization = [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]]
}}
[[File:CSIR-IGIB, South Campus.jpg|thumb|right|CSIR-IGIB South Campus]]
'''CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology''' ('''CSIR-IGIB''') is a scientific [[research institute]] devoted primarily to biological research. It is a part of [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] (CSIR), India.<ref>[http://csir.res.in Council of Scientific and Industrial Research India Website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927141436/http://csir.res.in/ |date=2015-09-27 }}.</ref>

The institute was founded in 1977 as the [[Center for Biochemical Technology]] with a primary focus on biochemical research, but has since shifted its research focus to integrative biology.

==Location==
The Institute has two campuses in Delhi. The North Campus is the older of the two campuses and is in the campus of [[Delhi University]], on Mall Road opposite to Jubilee Hall.
The new campus is in [[South Delhi]], on Mathura Road at Sukhdev Vihar.

== History ==

IGIB was established in 1977 as the [[Center for Biochemical Technology]] (CBT). The Functional Genomics Unit was established in 1998 with the focus shifting from chemical to genomics research. The institute was renamed "Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology" in 2002. [[Samir K. Brahmachari]] served as the founder director, followed by [[Rajesh S. Gokhale]] and [[Anurag Agrawal (medical scientist)|Anurag Agrawal]].<ref>[[Anurag Agrawal (medical scientist)]]</ref>

== Achievements ==
In 2009, a team at the institute sequenced the [[genome]] of the wild-type [[zebrafish]], with about 1.7 billion base pairs. This made the fish, which is native to the [[Himalayas|Himalayan]] region, the first [[vertebrate]] to have its whole genome sequenced in India, as previously Indian scientists had only sequenced bacteria and plant genomes.<ref>[http://genome.igib.res.in Zebrafish Genome Webpage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719084933/http://genome.igib.res.in/ |date=19 July 2018 }} 'Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology' (IGIB)</ref><ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Decoding-the-Genome-Mystery/485122 Decoding the Genome Mystery] [[Indian Express]], 5 July 2009.</ref>

In December 2009, scientists at IGIB performed the first re-sequencing of a human genome in India.<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/videoie.php?videoId=201 Indian Scientists decode human genome] ''[[Indian Express]]'', 10 December 2009 {{dead link|date=September 2018}}</ref><ref>* {{cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Patowary A, Purkanti R, Singh M, Chauhan RK, Bhartiya D, Dwivedi OP, Chauhan G, Bharadwaj D, Sivasubbu S, Scaria V |date=July 2012 |title=Systematic analysis and functional annotation of variations in the genome of an Indian individual |journal=Human Mutation |volume=33 |issue=7 |pages=1133–40 |doi=10.1002/humu.22091 |pmid=22461382 |s2cid=11466942 |doi-access=free}} [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/humu.22091/pdf]</ref><ref>[http://vinodscaria.rnabiology.org/indian-genome Compilation of news articles and Press releases on Indian Genome], 10 December 2009</ref> The Institute also collaborated on decoding the first Sri Lankan<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://genome.igib.res.in/SriLankan/ |title=Sri Lankan genome |access-date=17 January 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130218040054/http://genome.igib.res.in/SriLankan/ |archive-date=18 February 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=etal |vauthors=Dissanayake VH, Samarakoon PS, Scaria V, Patowary A, Sivasubbu S, Gokhale RS |year=2012 |title=The Sri Lankan Personal Genome Project: an overview. |journal=Sri Lanka Journal of Biomedical Informatics |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=4–8}} [http://www.sljol.info/index.php/SLJBMI/article/download/3711/3073] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405005110/http://www.sljol.info/index.php/SLJBMI/article/download/3711/3073|date=5 April 2013}}</ref> genome and Malaysian genome.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://promiseuitm.org/component/content/article/34-slideshow/50-the-first-malay-genome.html | title=Wedding Day Ancilleries }}{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The Institute is also a member of the Open Personal Genomics Consortium.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://openpgx.org/ |title=OpenPGx Consortium |access-date=7 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218064848/http://www.openpgx.org/ |archive-date=18 December 2017 }}</ref>

===COVID-19 pandemic===

The institute plays a leading role in the understanding of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 in India<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dandekar|first=Vikas|title=Genome meets GitHub: Using tech tools, India's virus hunters track a shape-shifting killer|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/prime/pharma-and-healthcare/genome-meets-github-using-tech-tools-indias-virus-hunters-track-a-shape-shifting-killer/primearticleshow/85014368.cms|access-date=2021-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-03|title=How one of India's premier research institutes is tracking new SARS-COV2 variants|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/how-one-of-indias-premier-research-institutes-is-tracking-new-sars-cov2-variants-7436040/|access-date=2021-08-14|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> and across the world.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet the people who warn the world about new covid variants|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/07/26/1030017/covid-variants-pangolin-pango-volunteers/|access-date=2021-08-14|website=MIT Technology Review|language=en}}</ref> The institute also maintains a number of informatics resources which are key to identification and characterization of emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

Researchers at the institute reported the first high-throughput<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-24|title=Plans afoot to set up megalabs in four states to strengthen surveillance|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/plans-afoot-to-set-up-megalabs-in-four-states-to-strengthen-surveillance/story-jAY7kVgamJ65nhCO0ekzBI.html|access-date=2020-10-30|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> next-generation sequencing based approach for detection and genetic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bhoyar|first1=Rahul C.|last2=Jain|first2=Abhinav|last3=Sehgal|first3=Paras|last4=Divakar|first4=Mohit Kumar|last5=Sharma|first5=Disha|last6=Imran|first6=Mohamed|last7=Jolly|first7=Bani|last8=Ranjan|first8=Gyan|last9=Rophina|first9=Mercy|last10=Sharma|first10=Sumit|last11=Siwach|first11=Sanjay|title=High throughput detection and genetic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 using COVIDSeq next-generation sequencing |journal=PLOS ONE |date=2021 |volume=16 |issue=2 |article-number=e0247115 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0247115 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021PLoSO..1647115B |language=en|biorxiv=10.1101/2020.08.10.242677|pmc=7888613}}</ref> This approach has been extensively used to understand the genetic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in the state of [[Kerala]],<ref>{{Cite news|last=Maya|first=C.|date=2020-09-12|title=Inter-State travel brought coronavirus strains to Kerala: study|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/inter-state-travel-brought-virus-strains-to-kerala-study/article32585202.ece|access-date=2020-10-30|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> which has significantly influenced policy and preparedness<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bhagat|first=Shalini Venugopal|date=2021-05-23|title=As India Stumbles, One State Charts Its Own Covid Course|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/23/world/asia/coronavirus-kerala.html|access-date=2021-05-28|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> in the state to curb the spread of the epidemic as well as implementation of evidence based policies.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-01|title=Pinarayi pushes for double masking; more curbs planned in Kerala|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/thiruvananthapuram/pinarayi-pushes-for-double-masking-more-curbs-planned-in-kerala-7297406/|access-date=2021-05-28|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

The institute has been instrumental in creating the concept of MegaLabs for COVID-19 testing and genomic surveillance<ref>{{Cite news|last=Koshy|first=Jacob|date=2020-08-12|title=Coronavirus {{!}} CSIR moots 'mega labs' to boost COVID-19 testing|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/csir-moots-mega-labs-to-boost-covid-19-testing/article32337492.ece|access-date=2021-08-14|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> which also provided the genetic epidemiology of states including Kerala,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Radhakrishnan|first1=Chandni|last2=Divakar|first2=Mohit Kumar|last3=Jain|first3=Abhinav|last4=Viswanathan|first4=Prasanth|last5=Bhoyar|first5=Rahul C.|last6=Jolly|first6=Bani|last7=Imran|first7=Mohamed|last8=Sharma|first8=Disha|last9=Rophina|first9=Mercy|last10=Ranjan|first10=Gyan|last11=Sehgal|first11=Paras|date=2021|title=Initial Insights Into the Genetic Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 Isolates From Kerala Suggest Local Spread From Limited Introductions|journal=Frontiers in Genetics|volume=12|article-number=630542|language=English|doi=10.3389/fgene.2021.630542|pmid=33815467|issn=1664-8021|pmc=8010186|doi-access=free}}</ref> Andhra Pradesh<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rani|first1=Pallavali Roja|last2=Imran|first2=Mohamed|last3=Lakshmi|first3=J. Vijaya|last4=Jolly|first4=Bani|last5=Afsar|first5=S.|last6=Jain|first6=Abhinav|last7=Divakar|first7=Mohit Kumar|last8=Suresh|first8=Panyam|last9=Sharma|first9=Disha|last10=Rajesh|first10=Nambi|last11=Bhoyar|first11=Rahul C.|date=3 August 2021|title=Insights from genomes and genetic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 isolates from the state of Andhra Pradesh|journal=Epidemiology & Infection|language=en|volume=149|article-number=e181|doi=10.1017/S0950268821001424|issn=0950-2688|pmc=8367868}}</ref> and Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-03|title=Maharashtra approaches IGIB to perform genome sequencing of coronavirus samples|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/pune-approaches-igib-to-perform-genome-sequencing-of-coronavirus-samples-covid-mutant-variant-7299637/|access-date=2021-08-14|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

Researchers at the institute also reported the first cases of COVID-19 reinfection in the country<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gupta|first1=Vivek|last2=Bhoyar|first2=Rahul C.|last3=Jain|first3=Abhinav|last4=Srivastava|first4=Saurabh|last5=Upadhayay|first5=Rashmi|last6=Imran|first6=Mohamed|last7=Jolly|first7=Bani|last8=Divakar|first8=Mohit Kumar|last9=Sharma|first9=Disha|last10=Sehgal|first10=Paras|last11=Ranjan|first11=Gyan|title=Asymptomatic Reinfection in 2 Healthcare Workers From India With Genetically Distinct Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2|url= |journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|year=2020|volume=73 |issue=9 |pages=e2823–e2825 |language=en|doi=10.1093/cid/ciaa1451|pmc=7543380|pmid=32964927}}</ref> apart from identifying a novel clade of SARS-CoV-2 in India named I/A3i.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Banu|first1=Sofia|last2=Jolly|first2=Bani|last3=Mukherjee|first3=Payel|last4=Singh|first4=Priya|last5=Khan|first5=Shagufta|last6=Zaveri|first6=Lamuk|last7=Shambhavi|first7=Sakshi|last8=Gaur|first8=Namami|last9=Reddy|first9=Shashikala|last10=Kaveri|first10=K.|last11=Srinivasan|first11=Sivasubramanian|title=A distinct phylogenetic cluster of Indian SARS-CoV-2 isolates|url= |journal=Open Forum Infectious Diseases|year=2020|volume=7|issue=11|article-number=ofaa434|language=en|doi=10.1093/ofid/ofaa434|pmid=33200080|pmc=7543508}}</ref> Researchers at the institute also discovered an emerging lineage with N440K mutation in spike protein associated with immune escape.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-27|title=Indian Covid-19 mutation 'N440k' found in one-third of Andhra Pradesh's coronavirus genomes|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/science-and-environment/indian-covid-19-mutation-n440k-found-in-one-third-of-andhra-pradeshs-coronavirus-genomes-932259.html|access-date=2020-12-28|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite bioRxiv|last1=Jolly|first1=Bani|last2=Rophina|first2=Mercy|last3=Shamnath|first3=Afra|last4=Imran|first4=Mohammed|last5=Bhoyar|first5=Rahul C.|last6=Divakar|first6=Mohit Kumar|last7=Rani|first7=Pallavi Roja|last8=Ranjan|first8=Gyan|last9=Sehgal|first9=Paras|last10=Chandrasekhar|first10=Pulala|last11=Afsar|first11=S.|date=2020-12-26|title=Genetic epidemiology of variants associated with immune escape from global SARS-CoV-2 genomes|language=en|biorxiv=10.1101/2020.12.24.424332}}</ref> A comprehensive suite for computational resources to understand the genomes and genetic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 has been maintained.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Genetic epidemiology of novel and emerging pathogens in India|url=http://clingen.igib.res.in/genepi|access-date=2020-10-30|website=clingen.igib.res.in|language=en}}</ref> One of the first genetically characterized cases of COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infections was reported by the institute.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=J|first1=Beena Philomina|last2=Jolly|first2=Bani|last3=John|first3=Neethu|last4=Bhoyar|first4=Rahul C.|last5=Majeed|first5=Nisha|last6=Senthivel|first6=Vigneshwar|last7=P|first7=Fairoz C.|last8=Rophina|first8=Mercy|last9=Vasudevan|first9=Bindhu|last10=Imran|first10=Mohamed|last11=Viswanathan|first11=Prasanth|date=2021-05-24|title=Genomic survey of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infections in healthcare workers from Kerala, India|url=https://www.journalofinfection.com/article/S0163-4453(21)00260-7/abstract|journal=Journal of Infection|volume=83|issue=2|pages=237–279|language=English|doi=10.1016/j.jinf.2021.05.018|issn=0163-4453|pmid=34044037|pmc=8143909}}</ref>

Researchers at the institute have been instrumental in the development of COVIDSure<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 August 2021|title=CSIR Technologies for COVID-19 Mitigation|url=https://www.csir.res.in/sites/default/files/Final%20Covid-19%20Compendium-Jan2021.pdf|website=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research}}</ref> an [[Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction]] based kit for diagnosis of COVID-19 and now widely used in India and marketed by [[Trivitron]] Healthcare.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVIDsure Multiplex Realtime RT-PCR Kit {{!}} qualitative RT-PCR assay for COVID-19|url=https://www.trivitron.com/products/covid-19/covid-19-testing-kits/covidsure-multiplex-realtime-rt-pcr-kit|access-date=2021-08-14|website=www.trivitron.com}}</ref>

Researchers at CSIR-IGIB also developed the test called FELUDA based on [[CRISPR gene editing]] which is highly efficient and fast to combat the testing capacity of the country and has been approved by [[Drugs Controller General of India]]. The test has been licensed to [[Tata Group]] for commercial production.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rajalakshmi|first=Niranjana|date=2020-10-28|title=Explained: How Does India's Feluda COVID-19 Test Work?|url=https://science.thewire.in/the-sciences/explained-feluda-covid-19-test-india-crispr-technology/|access-date=2020-10-30|website=The Wire Science|language=en-GB}}</ref>

The institute has also been playing a leading role in the national COVID-19 genomics consortium<ref>{{cite web |title=INSACOG {{!}} Department of Biotechnology |url=https://dbtindia.gov.in/insacog |website=Government of India Ministry of Science & Technology |access-date=28 September 2021}}</ref> and maintains the informatics resources and dashboards.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance|url=http://clingen.igib.res.in/covid19genomes/|access-date=2021-08-14|website=clingen.igib.res.in}}</ref>

== Genomics of rare genetic diseases ==
The institute has initiated a unique programme to use cutting-edge genomic technologies to understand Rare [[genetic diseases]] in India and pioneering the application of genomics for [[Precision Medicine]] in clinics. One of the programmes which has been initiated on this front is Genomics for Understanding Rare Disease, India Alliance Network (GUaRDIAN).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://guardian.meragenome.com/ |title=Genomics for Understanding Rare Diseases India Alliance Network (GUaRDIAN) |access-date=17 September 2015 |archive-date=16 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516025449/http://guardian.meragenome.com/ }}</ref> GUaRDIAN is a large-scale collaborative network of clinicians from around India trying to use genomics in clinical practice, with the focused aim to understand genetic structure of rare genetic diseases in India.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sivasubbu S, Scaria V | collaboration = GUaRDIAN Consortium | title = Genomics of rare genetic diseases-experiences from India | journal = Human Genomics | volume = 14 | issue = 1 | article-number = 52 | date = September 2019 | pmid = 31554517 | pmc = 6760067 | doi = 10.1186/s40246-019-0215-5 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

The consortium aims at using cutting-edge genomics technology to enable identification of genetic variations in diseases and enable clinicians arrive at precise diagnosis for rare genetic disease. Apart from working closely with clinicians, the consortium aims to foster education, awareness and the widespread adoption of genomic technology in clinical settings, in addition to creating and disseminating the highest standards of genomic data generation and interpretation in India.<ref>{{cite book | first1 = Vinod | last1 = Scaria | first2 = Sridhar | last2 = Sivasubbu | name-list-style = vanc | publisher = The Readers Paradise | edition = First | date = 2015 | url = http://guardian.meragenome.com/exome-sequence-analysis-and-interpretation | title = Exome Sequence Analysis and Interpretation - Handbook for Clinicians | isbn = 978-93-82110-58-3 | archive-date = 12 April 2016 | access-date = 17 September 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160412000042/http://guardian.meragenome.com/exome-sequence-analysis-and-interpretation }}</ref>

In the few years, it has been able to work closely with clinicians in the network to be able to offer proof of principles for the application of Genomics for Precision Medicine.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gupta A, Sharma YK, Vellarikkal SK, Jayarajan R, Dixit V, Verma A, Sivasubbu S, Scaria V | display-authors = 6 | title = Whole-exome sequencing solves diagnostic dilemma in a rare case of sporadic acrokeratosis verruciformis | journal = Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology | volume = 30 | issue = 4 | pages = 695–7 | date = April 2016 | pmid = 25622760 | doi = 10.1111/jdv.12983 | s2cid = 35181817 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gupta A, Sharma Y, Deo K, Vellarikkal S, Jayarajan R, Dixit V, Verma A, Scaria V, Sivasubbu S | display-authors = 6 | title = Case Report: Whole exome sequencing helps in accurate molecular diagnosis in siblings with a rare co-occurrence of paternally inherited 22q12 duplication and autosomal recessive non-syndromic ichthyosis | journal = F1000Research | volume = 4 | page = 446 | year = 2015 | pmid = 26594337 | pmc = 4648218 | doi = 10.12688/f1000research.6779.1 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Vellarikkal SK, Patowary A, Singh M, Kumari R, Faruq M, Master DC, Sivasubbu S, Scaria V | display-authors = 6 | title = Exome sequencing reveals a novel mutation, p.L325H, in the KRT5 gene associated with autosomal dominant Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex Koebner type in a large family from western India | journal = Human Genome Variation | volume = 1 | issue = 1 | article-number = 14007 | year = 2014 | pmid = 27081501 | pmc = 4785511 | doi = 10.1038/hgv.2014.7 }}</ref> A comprehensive programme for patient referral is also functional.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://guardian.meragenome.com/referral |title=Patient Referral Page Genomics for Understanding Rare Diseases India Alliance Network (GUaRDIAN) |access-date=17 September 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134654/http://guardian.meragenome.com/referral }}</ref>

== IndiGen Programme for Public Health ==
The IndiGen programme on Public Health Genomics<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/igib.in/indigen|title=Genomics for Public Health|website=sites.google.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-03}}</ref> aims to undertake whole genome sequencing of 1000 Indian individuals representing diverse ethnic groups from India. The data generated as part of IndiGen would provide the baseline for allele frequencies of genetic variants for genetic epidemiology and aid policy decisions. The frequencies of clinically relevant genetic variants would form the template for enabling diagnostic approaches for prevalent genetic diseases and also for optimising therapies through pharmacogenomics. A comprehensive resource providing searchable access to the data is also made available.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jain|first1=Abhinav|last2=Bhoyar|first2=Rahul C.|last3=Pandhare|first3=Kavita|last4=Mishra|first4=Anushree|last5=Sharma|first5=Disha|last6=Imran|first6=Mohamed|last7=Senthivel|first7=Vigneshwar|last8=Divakar|first8=Mohit Kumar|last9=Rophina|first9=Mercy|last10=Jolly|first10=Bani|last11=Batra|first11=Arushi|title=IndiGenomes: a comprehensive resource of genetic variants from over 1000 Indian genomes|journal=Nucleic Acids Research|year=2020|volume=49|issue=D1|pages=D1225–D1232|language=en|doi=10.1093/nar/gkaa923|pmid=33095885|pmc=7778947|doi-access=free}}</ref>

==Extension Centers (Branches)==
The main IGIB campus is located at Mall Road, New Delhi near Delhi University North Campus. IGIB's alliance with the Biotech/Pharmaceuticals has led to its growth and setting up of two extension centers - one at South Delhi (IGIB Annex at TCGA, Okhla) and the other at Western Delhi at Naraina.

==International Meetings==
IGIB was a co-host of the 13th meeting of the [[Human Genome Organization]] (HUGO) in 2008, held at [[Hyderabad International Convention Centre]].<ref>[http://hgm2008.hugo-international.org HGM-2008 website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002181021/http://hgm2008.hugo-international.org/ |date=2 October 2016 }}.</ref>

== See also ==
*[[National Institute of Biomedical Genomics]]
*[http://www.nipgr.res.in/home/home.php National Institute of Plant Genome Research] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110216032613/http://www.nipgr.res.in/home/home.php |date=16 February 2011 }}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://igib.res.in IGIB Official Website]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Institute Of Genomics And Integrative Biology}}
[[Category:Scientific organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Genomics]]
[[Category:Bioinformatics organizations]]
[[Category:Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]]
[[Category:Biological research institutes]]
[[Category:Research institutes in Delhi]]
[[Category:Research institutes established in 1977]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Delhi]]

Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Act, 2025

2026-04-26T02:06:44Z

Dwps: new new details.

{{Short description|Indian legislation regulating online gaming}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox legislation
| short_title = Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Act, 2025
| legislature = [[Parliament of India]]
| long_title = An Act to provide for the promotion of online gaming as an industry, to regulate online gaming platforms, protect users from harm, ensure responsible gaming, prevent illegal betting and gambling, and to provide for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
| autocollapse_long_title = true
| citation = [https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2025/265635.pdf Act No. 32 of 2025]
| territorial_extent = [[India]]
| enacted_by = [[Lok Sabha]]
| date_passed = 20 August 2025
| date_enacted =
| enacted_by2 = [[Rajya Sabha]]
| date_passed2 = 21 August 2025
| assented_by = [[President of India]]
| date_assented = 22 August 2025
| date_commenced = TBA
| bill_history_url = https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-promotion-and-regulation-of-online-gaming-bill-2025
| bill = Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Bill, 2025
| bill_citation = [https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_parliament/2025/Bill_Text-Online_Gaming_Bill_2025.pdf Bill No. 110 of 2025]
| introduced_by = Ashwini Vaishnav
| date_introduced = 20 August 2025
| 1st_reading = 20 August 2025
| 2nd_reading = 20 August 2025
| committee_whole =
| 3rd_reading = 21 August 2025
| passed2 = 21 August 2025
| summary = Creates a regulatory framework for online games in India, including online games, e-sports and online gambling. It prohibits online money games and defines punishment for offering & advertising them. It also recognises e-sports as competitive sport and aims to promote and develop them.
| keywords = [[Online gambling]], [[Sports betting]], [[Online game]], [[Esports]]
| status = Pending Official Notification
}}

The '''Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Act, 2025''' is an Act of the [[Parliament of India]] which provides a comprehensive legal framework for the licensing, classification, and regulation of online gaming in India. The Act seeks to promote online gaming as an emerging industry while ensuring consumer protection, responsible gaming practices, and safeguards against illegal betting and gambling.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 August 2025 |title=Centre may ban all forms of real money games, penalise influencers promoting them |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/centre-ban-real-money-games-penalise-influencers-10199060/ |access-date=19 August 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=19 August 2025 |title=Gaming Bill: Centre to ban money-based online gaming, set to table in Parliament on this day - Key details here |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/gaming-bill-cabinet-approves-legislation-to-regulate-online-real-money-gaming-platforms-to-be-tabled-in-lok-sabha-on-this-day/articleshow/123384416.cms |access-date=19 August 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Ahmed |first1=Aftab |last2=Kalra |first2=Aditya |date=19 August 2025 |title=India plans to ban online games played with money, citing addiction risks |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/india-plans-ban-online-games-played-with-money-citing-addiction-risks-2025-08-19/ |access-date=19 August 2025 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref>

== Timeline ==
* 19 August 2025:Cabinet approved the bill to be introduced.
* 20 August 2025: the ''Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Bill, 2025'' was introduced and passed in [[Lok Sabha]], the lower house of the Parliament of India.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-08-20 |title=Online Gaming Bill tabled in Lok Sabha, MeitY Secy explains the blanket ban |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/online-gaming-bill-tabled-in-lok-sabha-by-it-minister-ashwini-vaishnaw/articleshow/123402961.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-08-20 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
* 21 August 2025, the Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Bill, 2025 was introduced and passed in Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament of India.
* 22 August 2025: the Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Bill, 2025 received assent by the President of India making it the Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Act, 2025.

== Background ==
India's online gaming industry has expanded rapidly in recent years, accompanied by rising concerns over addiction, underage participation, financial fraud, and the blurred distinction between skill-based and chance-based games. Regulation of gaming was earlier left to states, creating fragmented frameworks. The Act was introduced to provide a uniform national regime, harmonised with international best practices, while also promoting investment and innovation in esports, technology, and digital entertainment.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 August 2025 |title=Proposed online gaming bill could wipe out India's real money gaming sector, push users offshore, warn industry leaders |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/proposed-online-gaming-bill-could-wipe-out-indias-real-money-gaming-sector-push-users-offshore-warn-industry-leaders/articleshow/123391866.cms?from=mdr |access-date=19 August 2025 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Prata |first=Divya |date=19 August 2025 |title=Online Gaming Bill To Be Introduced In Parliament On Wednesday |url=https://www.ndtvprofit.com/law-and-policy/online-gaming-bill-to-be-introduced-in-parliament-on-wednesday |access-date=19 August 2025 |website=NDTV Profit |language=en}}</ref>

== Provisions ==

=== Regulatory Authority ===
* The Act establishes a '''National Online Gaming Commission (NOGC)''' to regulate and license online gaming platforms.
* The NOGC is composed of a Chairperson and members with expertise in law, information technology, consumer protection, economics, and public administration.
* State governments may create state-level regulatory authorities under the overall supervision of the NOGC.

=== Licensing of Platforms ===
* All online gaming platforms must obtain a licence from the NOGC to operate in India.
* Only licensed platforms can advertise, collect user deposits, or conduct prize-based competitions.
* Licences may be suspended or cancelled for violations of the Act or conditions of licence.

=== Classification of Games ===
* Games are classified as:
** Permissible online games of skill, such as esports and fantasy sports.
** Prohibited online games of chance, including those involving betting or wagering with money.
* Hybrid games containing elements of both skill and chance are to be classified by the NOGC.

=== Consumer Protection and Responsible Gaming ===
* Platforms must verify the identity and age of users, disallowing access to minors.
* Mandatory features include self-exclusion, time limits, and deposit limits.
* Advertisements must not target children and must include responsible gaming warnings.
* Licensed platforms must provide grievance redressal mechanisms and ensure data protection.

=== Financial Oversight ===
* Licensed platforms must hold user funds in segregated accounts and ensure refundability.
* Compliance with [[Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002]] and [[Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999]] is mandatory.
* Strong anti-money laundering and anti-fraud systems are required.

=== Dispute Resolution ===
* The Act establishes an '''Online Gaming Appellate Tribunal''' to adjudicate disputes between users, licensees, and regulators.
* The tribunal has powers of a civil court.
* Appeals from the tribunal lie directly before the [[Supreme Court of India]].

=== Penalties ===
* Unlicensed operation of online gaming platforms is punishable with fines and imprisonment.
* Violations such as misleading advertising, manipulation of outcomes, or breach of consumer safeguards attract graded penalties.

=== Promotion of Industry ===
* The Act recognises online gaming as a sector eligible for government incentives and investment promotion.
* It encourages development of esports infrastructure, research on mental health impacts, and skill development programmes in gaming-related fields.

== Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Rules, 2025 ==
On October 12, 2025, MeitY released the Draft Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Rules, 2025, in terms of section 19 of the Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Act, 2025.<ref name=":0" />

On 22 April 2026, the government of India has notified the rules.

== Challenge before Court ==
The provisions of the Act have been challenged before [[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]], [[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Delhi High Court|Delhi]] high courts by the affected parties.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Mohit |date=2025-09-07 |title=Supreme Court - Challenge to Online Money Gaming Law |url=https://onelawstreet.com/supreme-court-online-gaming-law-cases/ |access-date=2025-09-07 |website=One Law Street |language=en-GB}}</ref> Subsequently, on September 8, the central government's petition, [[Supreme Court of India]] transferred all the pending and future challenge cases to the Supreme Court.<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==
* [[Information Technology Act, 2000]]
* [[Esports in India]]
* [[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-sci-tech/online-gaming-rules-2026-india-ogai-10651525/ The Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Rules, 2026.] at indianexpress.com

[[Category:Acts of the Parliament of India 2025]]
[[Category:Gambling in India]]
[[Category:Gambling legislation]]

Manish Khanna (air marshal)

2026-04-24T00:49:09Z

Dwps: adding a article!

{{Short description|Indian Air Force air marshal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[Air Marshal (India)|Air Marshal]]
| name = Manish Khanna
| honorific_suffix = {{Post-nominals|country=IND|size=90%|UYSM|AVSM|VM}}
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Air Marshal Manish Khanna, AVSM, VM.jpg
| image_size = 220px
| alt =
| caption =
| office = [[Southern Air Command (India)|Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Air Command]]
| term_start = 1 June 2025
| term_end =
| 1blankname = [[Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Chief of Air Staff]]
| 1namedata = [[Amar Preet Singh]]
| predecessor = [[Balakrishnan Manikantan]]
| successor =
| birth_date = 
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| placeofburial =
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial_coordinates = 
| nickname =
| birth_place =
| allegiance = {{Country|India}}
| branch = {{Air force|India}}
| service_years = 6 December 1986 – Present
| rank = [[File:Indian IAF OF-8.svg|24px]] [[Air Marshal (India)|Air Marshal]]
| military_blank1 = [[Service number]]
| military_data1 = 18554<ref name="mkhanna-brf">{{cite web|url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/18554|title=Air Marshal Manish Khanna - BRF|publisher=Bharat Rakshak|access-date=18 August 2025}}</ref>
| unit = [[No. 35 Squadron IAF|No. 35 Squadron]]
| commands = {{plainlist|
* [[File:Southern Air Command.png|16px]] [[Southern Air Command (India)|Southern Air Command]]
* [[College of Air Warfare]]
* Advance HQ, [[Western Air Command (India)|WAC]]
* [[Bidar Air Force Station|AFS Bidar]]
* Aircrew Examination Board
* [[No. 35 Squadron IAF|No. 35 Squadron]]
}}
| battles =
| battles_label =
| military_blank2 = Awards
| military_data2 = {{plainlist|
* [[File:Uttam Yudh Seva Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Uttam Yudh Seva Medal]]
* [[File:Ati Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
* [[File:Vayusena Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Vayu Sena Medal]]
}}
| spouse =
| relations =
| laterwork =
| signature =
| website =
| other_name =
| memorials =
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| module =
| alma_mater =
}}

[[Air Marshal (India)|Air Marshal]] '''Manish Khanna''', [[UYSM]], [[AVSM]], [[Vayusena Medal|VM]] is a serving officer of the [[Indian Air Force]]. He is currently serving as the [[Southern Air Command (India)|Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Southern Air Command.]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2025 |title=Air Marshal Manish Khanna took over as AOC-in-C of Southern Air Command , Trivandrum on June 1, 2025. |url=https://x.com/DefencePROTvm/status/1929070232641089666 |access-date=18 Dec 2025 |website=X}}</ref> He was previously serving as the Senior Air Staff Officer, [[South Western Air Command]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Senior Air Staff Officers, South Western Air Command |url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/units/SWAC |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=Bharat Rakshak |language=en-gb}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==

The [[Air officer]] is an alumnus of the [[National Defence Academy]], Khadakwasla and the [[Air Force Academy (India)|Air Force Academy]], Dundigal. He is also an alumnus of [[Defence Services Staff College]], [[Wellington Cantonment|Wellington]], [[National Defence College (India)|National Defence College]], [[New Delhi]] and [[College of Air Warfare]], [[Secunderabad]]. He also holds a PhD degree in Defence and Strategic Studies.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Air Marshal Manish Khanna, AOCinC SAC |url=https://indianairforce.nic.in/commands}}</ref>

==Career==
He was commissioned into the fighter stream of the [[Indian Air Force]] on 6 December 1986 from the [[Air Force Academy (India)|Air Force Academy]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Service Record for Air Marshal Manish Khanna 18554 F(P) |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/18554 |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=Bharat Rakshak |language=en-gb}}</ref> In a career spanning over 37 years, he has more than 4,000 hours of flying experience across various fighter jets and trainers and has held numerous training and staff appointments. He is a highly experienced fighter pilot and has flown various aircraft of the Indian Air Force which includes Mirage 2000, MiG-21 (BIS/T-96), MiG-25, F-5 A/B fighters and Hawk MK-132, Kiran Mk I/II trainers. He is a Category A qualified flying instructor and has rich operational experience in Air Defence, Ground Attack, Strategic Reconnaissance and Electronic Warfare.<ref name=":1" /> The Air Marshal's operational tenures include being the Commanding Officer of [[No. 35 Squadron IAF|No. 35 Squadron]]. As a [[Group captain (India)|Group Captain]], he served as the Commanding Officer of the Aircrew Examination Board.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Commanding Officers of Aircrew Examination Board, Indian Air Force - Database |url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/units/AEB |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=Bharat Rakshak |language=en-gb}}</ref>

As an [[Air commodore (India)|Air Commodore]], he served as the Air Officer Commanding, [[Bidar Air Force Station|Air Force Station Bidar]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Commanding Officers AFS Bidar, Indian Air Force - Database |url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/units/406%20AFS%20Bidar |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=Bharat Rakshak |language=en-gb}}</ref> as the Principal Director (Intelligence)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Principal Director (Intelligence) Appointments at Air Head Quarters |url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/units/AirHQ |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=Bharat Rakshak |language=en-gb}}</ref> and Principal Director Personnel Officer (PDPO) and later as the Air Commodore (Air Defence Ops, Weapon System)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air Cmde (Air Defence Ops, Weapon Sys) Appointments at Air Head Quarters |url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/units/AirHQ |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=Bharat Rakshak |language=en-gb}}</ref> at the Air Headquarters, [[New Delhi]].

As an [[Air vice marshal (India)|Air Vice Marshal]], he served as the [[Air officer commanding|Air Officer Commanding]], Advance HQ, Western Air Command,<ref>{{Cite web |title=AOC, Advance HQ, Western Air Command, Indian Air Force - Database |url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/units/AdvWAC |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=Bharat Rakshak |language=en-gb}}</ref> as the Assistant Chief of Air Staff, Personnel Officers at the Air Headquarters, [[New Delhi]]. On 5 September 2022, he took over as the commandant of the [[College of Air Warfare]],[[Secunderabad]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETGovernment.com |title=Air Vice Marshal Manish Khanna assumes command of College of Air Warfare Secunderabad |url=https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/governance/air-vice-marshal-manish-khanna-assumes-command-of-college-of-air-warfare-secunderabad/94023767 |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=ETGovernment.com |language=en}}</ref>

After being promoted to the rank of [[Air marshal (India)|Air Marshal]] on 3 July 2023, he assumed the appointment of Senior Air Staff Officer, [[South Western Air Command, Indian Air Force|South Western Air Command]] at [[Gandhinagar]].<ref name=":0" /> On 1 June 2025, [[Air Marshal (India)|Air Marshal]] Manish Khanna took over as [[Southern Air Command (India)|Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Southern Air Command]] succeeding [[Air marshal (India)|Air Marshal]] [[Balakrishnan Manikantan]] who moved to [[Central Air Command (India)|Central Air Command]] as Air Commander.<ref name="TH-010625">{{cite web |date=1 June 2025 |title=A Air Marshal Manish Khanna takes charge as Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Southern Air Command |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/air-marshal-manish-khanna-takes-charge-as-air-officer-commanding-in-chief-of-southern-air-command/article69648838.ece |publisher=The Hindu}}</ref>

== Awards and decorations ==
During his career, the air marshal has been awarded the [[Uttam Yudh Seva Medal]] on Independence Day 2025,<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2025 |title=President approves 127 Gallantry awards, 40 Distinguished Service awards & 290 Mention-in-Despatches on the eve of 79th Independence Day |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2156515 |website=PIB Delhi}}</ref> the [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]] in 2016<ref>{{cite web |date=26 January 2016 |title=Ati Vishist Seva Medal Awardee List for the year 2016 |url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/awards/awards.php?qaward=AVSM&qunit=&qname=&qyear=2016 |publisher=PIB}}</ref> and the [[Vayu Sena Medal]] in 2010.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=57292|title=Republic Day Gallantry and other Defence Decorations|work=PIB|date=25 January 2010}}</ref>

{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
| colspan="4" |{{Ribbon devices|ribbon=Uttam Yudh Seva Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}} {{Ribbon devices|ribbon=Ati Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}} {{Ribbon devices|ribbon=Vayusena Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|-
|[[File:IND_Operation_Parakram_medal.svg|frameless|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND_Sainya_Seva_Medal_Ribbon.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND_Videsh_Seva_Medal_Ribbon.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:75yearmedal.svg|105x105px]]
|-
|[[File:IND_50th_Anniversary_Independence_medal.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND_30_Years_Long_Service_Ribbon.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND_20YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND_9YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|105x105px]]
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|[[Uttam Yudh Seva Medal]]
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |[[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
|[[Vayu Sena Medal]]
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Operation Parakram Medal]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|Sainya Seva Medal]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|Videsh Seva Medal]]
|[[75th Independence Anniversary Medal (India)|75th Anniversary of Independence Medal]]
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |[[50th Independence Anniversary Medal]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|30 Years Long Service Medal]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|20 Years Long Service Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|9 Years Long Service Medal]]
|}

== Dates of ranks ==
{| class="wikitable" style="background:white"
!Insignia
!Rank
!Component
!Date of rank
|-
| align="center" |[[File:Indian_IAF_OF-1a.svg|64x64px]]
|[[Pilot Officer]]
|Indian Air Force
|6 December 1986<ref name=":2" />
|-
| align="center" |[[File:Indian_IAF_OF-1b.svg|64x64px]]
|[[Flying officer|Flying Officer]]
|Indian Air Force
|6 December 1987<ref name=":2" />
|-
| align="center" |[[File:Indian_IAF_OF-2.svg|64x64px]]
|[[Flight Lieutenant]]
|Indian Air Force
|6 December 1991<ref name=":2" />
|-
| align="center" |[[File:Indian_IAF_OF-3.svg|64x64px]]
|[[Squadron Leader]]
|Indian Air Force
|6 December 1997<ref name=":2" />
|-
| align="center" |[[File:Indian_IAF_OF-4.svg|64x64px]]
|[[Wing commander (rank)|Wing Commander]]
|Indian Air Force
|5 May 2003<ref name=":2" />
|-
| align="center" |[[File:Indian_IAF_OF-5.svg|64x64px]]
|[[Group Captain]]
|Indian Air Force
|1 February 2009<ref name=":2" />
|-
| align="center" |[[File:Indian_IAF_OF-6.svg|65x65px]]
|[[Air commodore (India)|Air Commodore]]
|Indian Air Force
|17 June 2013<ref name=":2" />
|-
| align="center" |[[File:Indian_IAF_OF-7.svg|65x65px]]
|[[Air vice marshal (India)|Air Vice Marshal]]
|Indian Air Force
|11 June 2019<ref name=":2" />
|-
| align="center" |[[File:Indian_IAF_OF-8.svg|65x65px]]
|[[Air marshal (India)|Air Marshal]]
|Indian Air Force
|3 July 2023 (AOC-in-C from 1 June 2025)<ref name=":2" />
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{Succession box
| title = [[Southern Air Command (India)|Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Air Command]]
| years = 1 June 2025 – Present
| before = [[Balakrishnan Manikantan]]
| after = ''Incumbent''
}}
{{Succession box
| title = Senior Air Staff Officer [[South Western Air Command (India)|South Western Air Command]]
| years = 3 July 2023 – 31 May 2025
| before = [[Ashutosh Dixit]]
| after = [[Seethepalli Shrinivas]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khanna, Manish}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Air Force air marshals]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Uttam Yudh Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Vayu Sena Medal]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Air marshals]]
[[Category:Indian Air Force personnel]]
[[Category:Indian Air Force]]
[[Category:National Defence Academy (India) alumni]]
[[Category:National Defence College, India alumni]]
[[Category:Defence Services Staff College alumni]]
[[Category:College of Air Warfare alumni]]
[[Category:Indian Air Force air commodores]]

Kudachi Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:29:26Z

Dwps: new new stub

{{Short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kudachi
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 5
| map_image = 5-Kudachi constituency.svg
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Belagavi]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Chikkodi Lok Sabha constituency|Chikkodi]]
| reservation = SC
| established = 2008
| electors = {{formatnum:193564}} (2023)<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/15163-karnataka-2023/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=24 July 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
| mla = [[Mahendra Kallappa Tammannavar]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[P. Rajeev (Karnataka)|P. Rajeev]]
}}
'''Kudachi Assembly constituency''' is one of the 224 constituencies in the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] of [[Karnataka]], a southern state of [[India]]. Kagwad is also part of [[Chikkodi Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>[http://www.elections.in/karnataka/assembly-constituencies/Kudachi.html Sitting and previous MLAs from Kudachi Assembly constituency]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf DELIMITATION OF PARLIAMENTARY AND ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCIES ORDER, 2008]</ref>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || Ghatage Shama Bhima || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || rowspan="2" | [[P. Rajeev (Karnataka)|P. Rajeev]] || {{Full party name with color|Badavara Shramikara Raitara Congress}}
|-
| [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[Mahendra Kallappa Tammannavar]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kudachi <ref name=election2023/><ref name="Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Kudachi">{{cite news |title=Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Kudachi |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS105.htm?ac=5 |accessdate=15 May 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=13 May 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515121227/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS105.htm?ac=5 |archivedate=15 May 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Mahendra Kallappa Tammannavar]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 85,321 |percentage = 56.87% |change = {{increase}}18.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[P. Rajeev (Karnataka)|P. Rajeev]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 60,078 |percentage = 40.04% |change = {{decrease}}9.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Anand. V. Malagi |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 1,566 |percentage = 1.04% |change = {{decrease}}0.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shreeshail. H. Bhajantri |party = Kalyana Rajya Pragathi Paksha |votes = 1,240 |percentage = 0.83% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 643 |percentage = 0.43% |change = {{increase}}0.18 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 25,243 |percentage = 16.82% |change = {{increase}}5.84 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 150,262 |percentage = 77.63% |change = {{increase}}1.93 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 150,040}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 193,564 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.23 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}7.27 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kudachi <ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/6933-karnataka-2018/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election -2018 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=7 September 2021}}</ref><ref name=karCeoResults2018>{{cite web |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/GenELC_2018/ResultsACWise.PDF |title=Karnataka 2018 - Candidate-wise Votes Details |date=2018-05-16 |access-date=7 September 2021 |website=ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in |publisher=Chief Election Office - Karnataka}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[P. Rajeev (Karnataka)|P. Rajeev]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 67,781 |percentage = 49.60% |change = {{increase}}37.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Amit Shama Ghatage |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 52,773 |percentage = 38.62% |change = {{increase}}17.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Suresh Gurappa Talawar |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,731 |percentage = 4.93% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Aihole Rajendra Annappa |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 1,532 |percentage = 1.12% |change = {{increase}}0.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sangeeta Gajendra Kamble |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,105 |percentage = 0.81% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sanjeev Basappa Kambale |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,045 |percentage = 0.76% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramappa Bharamappa Bhajantri |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,004 |percentage = 0.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 348 |percentage = 0.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,008 |percentage = 10.98% |change = {{decrease}}29.09 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 136,653 |percentage = 75.70% |change = {{decrease}}2.30 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 136,653}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 180,509 |ref = |change = {{increase}}22.01 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Badavara Shramikara Raitara Congress |swing = {{decrease}}11.99 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2013 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kudachi <ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 : To the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2014-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220034253/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[P. Rajeev (Karnataka)|P. Rajeev]] |party = Badavara Shramikara Raitara Congress |votes = 71,057 |percentage = 61.59% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ghatage Shama Bhima |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 24,823 |percentage = 21.52% |change = {{decrease}}10.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Mahendra Kallappa Tammannavar]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 14,310 |percentage = 12.40% |change = {{decrease}}18.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Parashuram Santram Gadivaddar |party = Karnataka Janata Paksha |votes = 1,066 |percentage = 0.92% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shantaram Sakharam Sannakki |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 1,050 |percentage = 0.91% |change = {{decrease}}3.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shrimant Tukaram Kadam |party = Independent politician |votes = 937 |percentage = 0.81% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hullennavar Ningappa Tayappa |party = Karnataka Swarajya Party |votes = 730 |percentage = 0.63% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 46,234 |percentage = 40.07% |change = {{increase}}39.25 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 115,397 |percentage = 78.00% |change = {{increase}}9.64 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 115,375}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 147,946 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.73 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Badavara Shramikara Raitara Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}29.90 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kudachi <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election Karnataka Legislative Assembly 2008 Election Statistics |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |publisher=Government of Karnataka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201232433/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Ghatage Shama Bhima |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 29,481 |percentage = 31.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mahendra K. Tammannavar |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 28,715 |percentage = 30.87% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[P. Rajeev (Karnataka)|P. Rajeev]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 22,978 |percentage = 24.70% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhimappa Channappa Sarikar |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 4,045 |percentage = 4.35% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Venkataswamy |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,252 |percentage = 2.42% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Maya Subhas Sonavane |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,138 |percentage = 2.30% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Asode Raju Maruti |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,910 |percentage = 2.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dodamani Ramu Amrut |party = Independent politician |votes = 961 |percentage = 1.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 766 |percentage = 0.82% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 93,018 |percentage = 68.36% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 93,017}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 136,073 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Raibag (Rural)|Raibag Taluk]]
* [[Belagavi district]]
* [[Chikkodi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chikkodi Lok Sabha constituency]]
* [[List of constituencies of Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}
{{coord|16.63|74.85|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Belagavi district]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

The K. R. Cama Oriental Institute

2026-04-19T10:55:14Z

Dwps: new details!

{{Short description|Non Profit Organization}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = The K. R. Cama Oriental Institute
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| formation = 18 December 1916
| founder =
| type = Non-profit organization
| headquarters = 136, K.R.Cama Institute Building, Bombay Samachar Marg, Fort, Mumbai
| location = Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| region_served = India
| leader_title = President
| leader_name = [[Homa B. Petit]]
| website =
| fields = Education, Seminars, Library
}}
'''The K. R. Cama Oriental Institute''' is a research institute that promotes the study of Oriental religions, history and culture with a focus on [[Zoroastrianism]]. The institute is situated in [[Mumbai]], [[India]] and was established in 1916 though public subscription in order to honour the memory of renowned Oriental scholar and linguist [[Kharshedji Rustomji Cama]]. The institute conducts periodic lectures, publishes books, gives awards and organizes an annual international congress on Oriental studies.

== History ==

In 1896, Zoroastrian scholar and theosophist [[Jivanji Jamshedji Modi]] wrote a letter to the eminent British archaeologist [[W. M. Flinders Petrie]] of [[University College, London]] on behalf of the [[Bombay Parsi Panchayet]] soliciting his advice in conducting archaeological research to understand the origins and history of the Zoroastrian religion and had the letter delivered through the theosophist [[Henry Steel Olcott]].<ref name="olddiaryleavesv6">{{cite book|title=Old Diary Leaves, 1896-98: Sixth Series|pages=54-60|chapter=Parsi Archaeological Research|last=Olcott|first=Henry Steel|year=2002|orig-year=1935|publisher=The Theosophical Publishing House}}</ref> Flinders-Petrie gave an encouraging reply even suggesting the name of the linguist and Oriental scholar [[Edward Denison Ross]] as a suitable candidate to lead an archaeological expedition.<ref name="olddiaryleavesv6" /> However, the suggestion was not considered at that time and was eventually forgotten.

In 1909, the eminent Parsi scholar and originator of the Zoroastrian Fasli calendar, Kharshedji Rustomji Cama died leaving behind a vast collection of books, manuscripts and historical material. During the last years of his life, Cama had a desire to build a hall atop the [[Dadisett Agiary]] in Bombay where a research institute could operate from.<ref name="encylopaedia_iranica">{{cite web|title=Cama Oriental Institute|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cama-oriental-institute-k/|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|last1=Kanga|first1=Maneck Fardoonji|last2=Jamaspasa|first2=Kaikhusroo M.|date=December 15, 1990}}</ref> A gathering of Parsi and Hindu businessmen, educationists and scholars of [[Wilson College, Mumbai|Wilson College]] met and set up The K. R. Cama Oriental Institute in 1916, seven years after his death to honour his memory. The institute was inaugurated on 18 December 1916 by [[Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon|Lord Willingdon]], the then [[Governor of Bombay]] at the Sukhadwala building in Hornby Street where it was housed till 1936 when it moved to its own premises, at 136 Apollo Street, Fort, Bombay.<ref name="encylopaedia_iranica" /> The late K. R. Cama's personal collection of books formed the core of the institute's library.<ref name="encylopaedia_iranica" />

== Activities ==

The institute hosts government research fellowship lectures and conducts courses on world religions. The institute also organises an annual international congress and publishes the proceedings in the official journal. Annual Avabai B. Wadia Endowment lectures, [[Dinshah J. Irani]] memorial lectures and national seminars on Persian topics are held at the institute. The institute also preserves ancient manuscripts and publishes out-of-print works of significance out of the Zarthosty Brothers Fund. Interschool and intercollege seminars are held regularly under the Golestan Bilimoria Endowment.

== Notes ==

{{reflist}}

== References ==

* {{cite news|title=Research institute housing Madam Cama's will turns 100|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/research-institute-housing-madam-camas-will-turns-100/articleshow/49611574.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|first=Nergish|last=Sunavala|date=5 November 2015}}

== See also ==

* [[The Asiatic Society of Mumbai]]
* [[F. D. Alpaiwalla Museum]]

== External links ==

* [https://krcama.org/ Website of The K. R. Cama Oriental Institute]
* [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.31293 The K. R. Cama Oriental Institute papers at archive.org]

[[Category:Non-profit organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Libraries in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Asian studies]]
[[Category:1916 establishments]]

Dharmavaram Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:21:34Z

Dwps: Started first pg needs work.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Dharmavaram
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh (160-Dharmavaram highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Dharmavaram Assembly constituency within Andhra Pradesh
| mla = [[Satya Kumar Yadav]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| district = [[Sri Sathya Sai district|Sri Sathya Sai]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Hindupur Lok Sabha constituency|Hindupur]]
| reservation = None
| electors = 240,323
| established = 1951
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 160
| incumbent_image = Satya Kumar Yadav.jpg
}}

'''Dharmavaram Assembly constituency''' is a constituency in [[Sri Sathya Sai district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] that elects representatives to the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref> It is one of the seven assembly segments of [[Hindupur Lok Sabha constituency]].

Satya Kumar Yadav is the current [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the constituency, having won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]] from [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://results.eci.gov.in/ac/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS011.htm|title=Assembly Election 2019|website=Election Commission of India|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> As of 2019, there are a total of 240,323 electors in the constituency.<ref name="electors">{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|format=PDF|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>{{update after|2024|7}} The constituency was established in 1951, as per the ''Delimitation Orders (1951)''.

== Mandals ==
{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandal
|-
| Dharmavaram
|-
| Bathalapalle
|-
| Tadimarri
|-
| Mudigubba
|}

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| Srinivasalu Kasetty
| {{Full party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}}
|-
| [[1955 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1955]]
| Ramachariu Pappoor
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
| [[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| rowspan="3" | Pallem Venkateswara Chowdary
|-
| [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
| [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| Gonuguntla Ananathareddy
|-
| [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
| rowspan=3 |Garudammagari Nagireddy
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|-
| [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
| Guta Venkata Naidu
|-
| [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
| Kethireddy Surya Pratap Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=1}}
|-
| [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| Gonuguntla Jayalakshmamma
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| [[Kethireddy Venkatarami Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| Gonuguntla Suryanarayana
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| Kethireddy Venkatarami Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| [[Satya Kumar Yadav]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
===1952===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Dharmavaram<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Srinivasalu Kasetty |party=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes=30,466 |percentage=65.33% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Venkatareddy, Gonuguntla |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,394 |percentage=30.87% |change=30.87% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Govindappa Jyoti |party=Independent politician |votes=1,775 |percentage=3.81% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=16,072 |percentage=34.46% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=46,635 |percentage=70.88% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 65,795 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===2004===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dharmavaram<ref name=election2004>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4053-andhra-pradesh-2004/ |title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 2004 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 18 May 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = Gonuguntla Jayalakshmamma
|votes = 64,743
|percentage = 48.80
|change = +3.63
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = G Nagi Reddy
|votes = 60,956
|percentage = 45.94
|change = -6.75
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 3,787
|percentage = 2.86
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 132,681
|percentage = 71.41
|change = +6.86
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dharmavaram<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4054-andhra-pradesh-2009/ |title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 14 September 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Kethireddy Venkatarami Reddy]]
|votes = 61,260
|percentage = 41.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Gonuguntla Suryanarayana
|votes = 42,088
|percentage = 28.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Praja Rajyam Party
|candidate = G Sadhasiva Reddy
|votes = 20,691
|percentage = 13.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 19,172
|percentage = 12.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 148,737
|percentage = 75.18
|change = -3.77
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dharmavaram<ref name=election2014>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4055-andhra-pradesh-2014/ |title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 14 September 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = Gonuguntla Suryanarayana
|votes = 99,246
|percentage = 48.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = [[Kethireddy Venkatarami Reddy]]
|votes = 85,035
|percentage = 44.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 14,211
|percentage = 7.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 190,311
|percentage = 84.48
|change = +9.30
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dharmavaram<ref name=election2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11673-andhra-pradesh-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 14 September 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=[[Kethireddy Venkatarami Reddy]]|votes=1,06,909|percentage=50.74|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Gonuguntla Suryanarayana|votes=91,243|percentage=43.31|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=15,666|percentage=7.43|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=210,679|percentage=89.12|change=+5.30}}
{{Election box gain with party link||winner = YSR Congress Party
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dharmavaram}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Satya Kumar Yadav]]
|votes = 1,06,544
|percentage = 48.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = [[Kethireddy Venkatarami Reddy]]
|votes = 1,02,810
|percentage = 46.76
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Rangana Aswartha Narayana
|votes = 3,758
|percentage = 1.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = NOTA
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 1,787
|percentage = 0.81
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 3,734
|percentage = 1.70
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 2,19,848
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = YSR Congress Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}{{Sri Sathya Sai district}}
{{coord|14.42|77.72|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Sri Sathya Sai district]]
[[Category:Politics of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]

List of Mohun Bagan Super Giant captains

2026-04-09T13:03:52Z

Dwps:

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
'''[[Mohun Bagan Super Giant]]''' (commonly referred to as '''Mohun Bagan''') is an Indian [[association football]] club based in [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]. Founded in 1889, it is one of the oldest football clubs in [[Asia]]. The club competes in the [[Indian Super League]], the top tier of [[Indian football league system]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/1874-mohun-bagan-super-giant-profile|title=Mohun Bagan Super Giant|access-date=2020-08-28|website=www.indiansuperleague.com|language=en}}</ref>

Till now the club has won the top-flight football league a record seven times {{Emdash}} [[Indian Super League#Regular season|Indian Super League]] and [[I-League]] twice and [[National Football League (India)|National Football League]] thrice.<ref name="ileague">{{cite web |last1=Fujioka |first1=Atsushi |last2=Chaudhuri |first2=Arunava |date=22 March 2023 |title=India – List of National Champions |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiachamp.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519211725/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiachamp.html |archive-date=19 May 2023 |access-date=19 May 2023 |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> They are one of the most successful Indian clubs in the history of the [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]], having won the championship a record 14 times.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 January 2015 |title=From the History Book, Roll of Honour |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/from-the-history-book-roll-of-honour |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519211905/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/from-the-history-book-roll-of-honour |archive-date=19 May 2023 |access-date=19 May 2023 |website=[[All India Football Federation]]}}</ref> The club had also won several other trophies, including the [[Indian Super League playoffs|ISL playoffs]] (2 times), the [[Durand Cup]] (17 times), the [[IFA Shield]] (22 times), the [[Rovers Cup|Rover's Cup]] (14 times) and the [[Calcutta Football League]] (30 times).<ref>{{cite web |author=Shetty |first=Chittu |date=11 August 2019 |title=Why This Would Be the Right Time to Bring Back 'Rovers Cup' |url=https://www.footballcounter.com/2019/why-this-would-be-the-right-time-to-bring-back-rovers-cup/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627133540/https://www.footballcounter.com/2019/why-this-would-be-the-right-time-to-bring-back-rovers-cup/ |archive-date=27 June 2021 |access-date=27 June 2021 |website=Football Counter}}</ref><ref name="Novy_Kapadia">{{cite web |last=Kapadia |first=Novy |date=7 June 2015 |title=Mohun Bagan: Blaze of Glory |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/mohun-bagan-blaze-of-glory/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222151228/http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/mohun-bagan-blaze-of-glory/ |archive-date=22 February 2016 |access-date=4 March 2016 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Nag |first1=Utathya |date=19 April 2023 |title=Calcutta Football League: East Bengal Kings of Asia's Oldest League Competition {{endash}} full winners list |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/calcutta-football-league-history-winners-list |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505071647/https://olympics.com/en/news/calcutta-football-league-history-winners-list |archive-date=5 May 2023 |access-date=19 May 2023 |website=Olympics.com |publisher=[[International Olympic Committee]]}}</ref>

==List of captains==
{{As of|2025}}

The following is the list of first-choice captains of Mohun Bagan's main football team in each of the Indian football years/seasons:<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-16 |title=Mohun Bagan Super Giant - Historical squads |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/teams/te20883/mohun-bagan-super-giant/ |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=worldfootball.net |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-01 |title=MOHUN BAGAN SQUAD OVER THE YEARS {{!}} 1889-2024 {{!}} |url=https://www.mbft.in/2024/01/Mohun-Bagan-Squad-Over-The-Years.html |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=MBFT : Mohun Bagan |language=en}}</ref>

{{small|''Note: The list doesn't include players who had been a substitute captain for selective matches.''}}

{{small|'''Bold''' means player has represented his nation at least once internationally at senior-level.}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%; width:75%; text-align:left"
! width="10%" style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;"|Season
! width="10%" style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;"|Nationality
! width="25%" style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;"|Name
! width="30%" style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;"|Notes/References
|-
|1889
| rowspan="12" |{{flag|India|British}}
| rowspan="12" |Manilal Sen
| rowspan="12" |Member of one of the founding families–[[Sen (surname)|Sen]] family of [[Bagbazar]]–of the club, was the first and the longest serving captain of the team.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohun Bagan: Top 10 defining moments in Mariners' history |url=https://khelnow.com/football/mohun-bagan-top-10-defining-moments-in-mariners-history |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=Khel Now |language=en-us}}</ref>
|-
|1890
|-
|1891
|-
|1892
|-
|1893
|-
|1894
|-
|1895
|-
|1896
|-
|1897
|-
|1898
|-
|1899
|-
|1900
|-
|1901
| rowspan="4" | {{flag|India|British}}
| rowspan="4" |Monmohan Pandey
| rowspan="4" |
|-
|1902
|-
|1903
|-
|1904
|-
|1905
| rowspan="6" | {{flag|India|British}}
| rowspan="6" |Ramdas Bhaduri
| rowspan="6" |
|-
|1906
|-
|1907
|-
|1908
|-
|1909
|-
|1910
|-
|1911
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|India|British}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Shibdas Bhaduri]]
| rowspan="2" |Was the captain of the ''Immortal XI'' that won the 1911 [[IFA Shield]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-16 |title=For Bhaduri Brothers, football was their flight to freedom: 1911 Mohun Bagan captain's kin |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/for-bhaduri-brothers-football-was-their-flight-to-freedom-says-1911-mohun-bagan-captains-kin-4658481/ |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|1912
|-
|1913
| rowspan="3" | {{flag|India|British}}
| rowspan="3" |Sirishchandra 'Habul' Sarkar
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|1914
|-
|1915
|-
|1916
| rowspan="3" | {{flag|India|British}}
| rowspan="3" |Bijoydas Bhaduri
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|1917
|-
|1918
|-
|1919
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|India|British}}
| rowspan="2" |Prakash Ghosh
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|1920
|-
|1921
| rowspan="5" | {{flag|India|British}}
| rowspan="5" |'''[[Gostha Pal]]'''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhatnagar |first=Sanskriti |date=2022-08-20 |title=How 'Great Wall of China' Gostha Pal redefined Indian football |url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/how-great-wall-of-china-gostha-pal-redefined-indian-football/1090131/ |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|1922
|-
|1923
|-
|1924
|-
|1925
|-
|1926
| rowspan="4" | {{flag|India|British}}
| rowspan="4" |'''[[Umapati Kumar]]'''
| rowspan="4" |
|-
|1927
|-
|1928
|-
|1929
|-
|1930
| {{flag|India|British}}
|Sudhansu Bose
|
|-
|1931
| rowspan="3" | {{flag|India|British}}
| rowspan="3" |Dr. Manmatha Nath Dutta
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|1932
|-
|1933
|-
|1934
| {{flag|India|British}}
|[[Abdul Hamid (footballer)|Abdul Hamid]]
|From [[Quetta]], [[Baluchistan (Chief Commissioner's Province)|Baluchistan]]; was the first captain not from [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]].
|-
|1935
| {{flag|India|British}}
|Bhola Sarkar
|
|-
|1936
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|India|British}}
| rowspan="2" |Satu Chowdhary
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|1937
|-
|1938
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|India|British}}
| rowspan="2" |Bimal Mukherjee
| rowspan="2" |Was the captain of the first [[Calcutta Football League|CFL Premier Division]] winning team in 1939.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2024-07-18 |title=Indian sports wrap, July 18: Ganguly nominated for Mohun Bagan, East Bengal awards |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/india-sports-news-results-scores-july-18-schedule-latest-updates-highlights/article68417287.ece |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|1939
|-
|1940
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|India|British}}
| rowspan="2" |Nanda Roy Choudhury
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|1941
|-
|1942
| {{flag|India|British}}
|Mona Guin
|
|-
|1943
| rowspan="3" | {{flag|India|British}}
| rowspan="3" |Anil Dey
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|1944
|-
|1945
|-
|1946
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|India|British}}
| rowspan="2" |Sarat Das
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|1947
|-
|1948
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|India}}
| rowspan="2" |'''[[Talimeren Ao]]'''
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakraborty |first=Trinanjan |date=16 Jan 2024 |title=The Naga doctor from Kolkata who rejected an offer from Arsenal FC |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/people/the-story-of-dr-talimeren-ao-naga-doctor-olympic-flag-bearer-and-the-kolkata-footballer-who-refused-arsenal/cid/1994209# |website=The Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Nag |first=Utathya |date=12 Sep 2020 |title=Talimeren Ao, more than just independent India's first football captain |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/first-captain-indian-football-team-talimeren-ao |publisher=Olympics}}</ref>
|-
|1949
|-
|1950
| rowspan="5" | {{flag|India}}
| rowspan="5" |'''[[Sailen Manna]]'''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 Aug 2024 |title=Sailen Manna |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/player/sailen-manna |website=Sportskeeda}}</ref>
|-
|1951
|-
|1952
|-
|1953
|-
|1954
|-
|1955
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|India}}
| rowspan="2" |'''[[Mohammad Abdus Sattar|Md. Abdus Sattar]]'''
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2008-07-01 |title=Sattar, Bhutia to get Mohun Bagan Ratna |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/sattar-bhutia-to-get-mohun-bagan-ratna/articleshow/3185666.cms |access-date=2024-08-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|1956
|-
|1957
| {{flag|India}}
|Swaraj Chatterjee
|
|-
|1958
| {{flag|India}}
|'''[[Samar Banerjee|Samar 'Badru' Banerjee]]'''
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-14 |title=Samar Banerjee: The man who led India in the 1956 Olympics {{!}} Goal.com India |url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/indian-football-samar-banerjee-led-india-1956-olympics/qgo3oq1qezig1jq9cxx8mm7y6 |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=www.goal.com |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
|1959
| {{flag|India}}
|Sushil Guha
|
|-
|1960
| rowspan="5" | {{flag|India}}
| rowspan="5" |'''[[Chuni Goswami|Subimal 'Chuni' Goswami]]'''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-30 |title=1960 -1965: When Chuni Goswami & co propelled Mohun Bagan to the zenith of success {{!}} Goal.com India |url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/1960s-mohun-bagan-chuni-goswami-trophies-indian-football/1utzzq9j0icvgze2iw9ple0p1 |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=www.goal.com |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Chuni Goswami, The Man Who Represented India In Football And Bengal In Cricket |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/sports/chuni-goswami-the-man-who-represented-india-in-football-and-bengal-in-cricket-379454.html |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=Indiatimes |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
|1961
|-
|1962
|-
|1963
|-
|1964
|-
|1965
| rowspan="3" | {{flag|India}}
| rowspan="3" |'''[[Jarnail Singh (footballer)|Jarnail Singh]]'''
| rowspan="3" |Had become the only ever Indian to lead Asian All-Star team in 1966.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Scroll Staff |date=2020-06-25 |title=From facing death to playing through pain: The story of Jarnail Singh, Indian football's gutsy hero |url=https://scroll.in/field/965595/from-facing-death-to-playing-through-pain-the-story-of-jarnail-singh-indian-footballs-gutsy-hero |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nag |first=Utathya |date=2 Jul 2020 |title=PK, Chuni, Balaram, the troika that scripted Indian football's Golden Era |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/golden-era-indian-football-team-players-top-players-pk-banerjee-chuni-goswami |website=Olympics}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-11 |title=Indian Football - Mohun Bagan all-time Indian XI {{!}} Goal.com India |url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/lists/indian-football-mohun-bagan-all-time-indian-xi/1jsg2ccmcximb1xwrfwx36rqdz#cse00017981f87b66b |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=www.goal.com |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
|1966
|-
|1967
|-
|1968
| {{flag|India}}
|'''[[Arumainayagam|Isaiah Arumainayagam]]'''
|
|-
|1969
| rowspan="3" | {{flag|India}}
| rowspan="3" |'''Chandreswar Prasad'''
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|1970
|-
|1971
|-
|1972
| {{flag|India}}
|'''Bhabani Ray'''
|
|-
|1973
| {{flag|India}}
|'''[[Sukalyan Ghosh Dastidar]]'''
|
|-
|1974
| {{flag|India}}
|'''[[Syed Nayeemuddin]]'''
|
|-
|1975
| {{flag|India}}
|Nirmal Goswami
|
|-
|1976
| {{flag|India}}
|'''Prasanta Mitra'''
|
|-
|1977
| {{flag|India}}
|'''[[Subrata Bhattacharya]]'''
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ex-India defender Subrata Bhattacharya: To be given Mohun Bagan Ratna |url=https://www.suryaa.com/12638-ex-india-defender-subrata-bhattacharya-to-be-given-mohun-bagan-ratna.html |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=suryaa |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|1978
| {{flag|India}}
|'''[[Prasun Banerjee]]'''
|Was the captain of the first club based national tournament–[[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]]–winning team in 1978.
|-
|1979
| {{flag|India}}
|Dilip Palit
|
|-
|1980
| {{flag|India}}
|'''Compton Dutta'''
|
|-
|1981
| {{flag|India}}
|'''Pradip Chowdhury'''
|
|-
|1982
| {{flag|India}}
|'''[[Shyam Thapa]]'''
|
|-
|1983
| {{flag|India}}
|'''[[Gautam Sarkar]]'''
|Was the first former [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] captain to lead the team.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-15 |title=Goutam Sarkar to get Mohun Bagan Ratna; Vishal Kaith named club's player of the year |url=https://www.news9live.com/sports/football/goutam-sarkar-to-get-mohun-bagan-ratna-vishal-kaith-named-the-clubs-player-of-the-year-2214579 |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=News9live |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|1984
| {{flag|India}}
|Shyamal Bose
|
|-
|1985
| {{flag|India}}
|'''Bidesh Bose'''
|
|-
|1986
| {{flag|India}}
|'''[[Krishnendu Roy]]'''
|
|-
|1987
| {{flag|India}}
|'''[[Babu Mani]]'''
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-11-21 |title=Former India winger and Big 3 star Babu Mani passes away |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/former-india-winger-and-big-3-star-babu-mani-passes-away/articleshow/95648669.cms |access-date=2024-08-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|1988
| {{flag|India}}
|'''[[Prasanta Banerjee]]'''
|
|-
|1989
| {{flag|India}}
|'''[[Sisir Ghosh]]'''
|
|-
|1990
| {{flag|India}}
|'''[[Satyajit Chatterjee]]'''
|
|-
|1991
| {{flag|India}}
|'''[[Sisir Ghosh]]'''
|
|-
|1992
| {{flag|India}}
|Achintya Belei
|
|-
|1993
| {{flag|India}}
|'''Amit Bhadra'''
|
|-
|1994
| {{flag|India}}
|'''Tanumoy Basu'''
|
|-
|1995
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|India}}
| rowspan="2" |'''[[Sisir Ghosh]]'''
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|1996
|-
|1997
| {{flag|India}}
|'''Aloke Das'''
|
|-
|1998
| {{flag|India}}
|Biswanath Mondal
|Was the captain of the first national league–[[National Football League (India)|National Football League]]–winning team in 1997-98.
|-
|1999
| {{flag|India}}
|'''[[Hemanta Dora]]'''
|
|-
|2000
| {{flag|India}}
|Lolendra Singh
|
|-
|2001
| {{flag|India}}
|'''[[Debjit Ghosh]]'''
|
|-
|2002
| {{flag|India}}
|[[Dulal Biswas]]
|
|-
|2003
| {{flag|India}}
|'''[[Renedy Singh]]'''
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Renedy free-kick gives Bagan victory |url=https://www.rediff.com/sports/2003/jul/01bagan.htm |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=www.rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-16 |title=The 'Turning Point' in Sunil Chhetri's Career: Renedy Singh Remembers |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/football/the-turning-point-in-sunil-chhetri-career-renedy-singh-remembers-a-journey-to-greatness-exclusive-article-110175155 |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2004
| {{flag|India}}
|'''Monitombi Singh'''
|
|-
|2005
| {{flag|India}}
|'''[[Mehtab Hossain]]'''
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-05-22 |title=Mohun Bagan, East Bengal in tug-of-war over Mehtab |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/mohun-bagan-east-bengal-in-tug-of-war-over-mehtab/articleshow/64278624.cms |access-date=2024-08-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2006
| {{flag|Brazil}}
|[[José Barreto (Brazilian footballer)|José Ramirez Barreto]]
|Was the first foreign national captain of the team.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barreto named Mohun Bagan captain {{!}} Football News |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/football/barreto-named-mohun-bagan-captain-1618016 |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=NDTVSports.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 Jul 2006 |title=Barreto to lead Bagan - Bhaichung dubs the Brazilian a green-and-maroon legend |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/barreto-to-lead-bagan-bhaichung-dubs-the-brazilian-a-green-and-maroon-legend/cid/1063016 |website=The Telegraph}}</ref>{{Refn|Although, [[Nigeria]]n Bernard Operanozie was the first foreigner to lead Mohun Bagan, in 1993, but he was not a first-choice captain and was handed down the captainship after Amit Bhadra missed few games due to injury.|group=note}}
|-
|2007–08
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|India}}
| rowspan="2" |'''[[Bhaichung Bhutia]]'''
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2007-06-18 |title=Bhutia to lead Bagan, Carlos coach |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/bhutia-to-lead-bagan-carlos-coach/articleshow/2131771.cms |access-date=2024-08-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 Jun 2007 |title=Now, Pereira to coach Bagan - Satyajit Chatterjee to assist Brazilian Hemanta Dora to train goalkeepers |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/now-pereira-to-coach-bagan-satyajit-chatterjee-to-assist-brazilian-hemanta-dora-to-train-goalkeepers/cid/1068515 |website=The Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bagan suspends Bhutia for 6 months |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Sports/bagan-suspends-bhutia-for-6-months/28930 |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=oHeraldo}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2008–09
|-
| {{flag|India}}
|[[Lalkamal Bhowmick]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dempo succumb to Bagan, finish second best |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Sports/dempo-succumb-to-bagan-finish-second-best/20322 |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=oHeraldo}}</ref>
|-
|2009–10
| {{flag|India}}
|'''[[Sangram Mukherjee]]'''
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 Jul 2009 |title=Sangram to lead Mohun Bagan |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/sangram-to-lead-mohun-bagan/cid/613449 |website=The Telegraph}}</ref>
|-
|2010–11
| {{flag|India}}
|[[Ishfaq Ahmed]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chaudhuri |first=Arunava |date=4 Jun 2010 |title=Indian Football : Mohun Bagan name 2010/11 |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/indian-football-mohun-bagan-name-201011-squad |website=Sportskeeda}}</ref>
|-
|2011–12
| {{flag|Brazil}}
|[[José Barreto (Brazilian footballer)|José Ramirez Barreto]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-07-25 |title=Mohun Bagan name Barreto as captain, Steve Darby coach |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/mohun-bagan-name-barreto-as-captain-steve-darby-coach/articleshow/9362118.cms |access-date=2024-08-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2012–13
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|Nigeria}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Odafa Onyeka Okolie]]
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Okolie Odafa Sports Photo Mohun Bagan captain Okolie Od... |url=https://timescontent.timesgroup.com/photo/sports/Okolie-Odafa/299464 |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=Times Of India |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-08-02 |title=Committed to play as unit in upcoming I-League: Odafa Okolie |url=https://www.news18.com/news/football/committed-to-play-as-unit-in-upcoming-i-league-odafa-okolie-628536.html |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2013–14
|-
|2014–15
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|India}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Shilton Paul]]
| rowspan="2" |Was the captain of the first professional national league–[[I-League]]–winning team in 2014-15.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shilton Paul Sports Photo Mohun Bagan footabll [sic] club cap... |url=https://timescontent.timesgroup.com/photo/sports/Shilton-Paul/391818 |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=Times Of India |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-23 |title=I-League: Churchill Brothers sign Shilton Paul from Mohun Bagan {{!}} Goal.com India |url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/i-league-churchill-brothers-sign-shilton-paul-mohun-bagan/1igk21dus66eu1cs8qsj7nstsc |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=www.goal.com |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-08-30 |title=Mohun Bagan Captain Shilton Paul Signed On Loan By Kerala Blasters {{!}} The Fan Garage (TFG) |url=https://thefangarage.com/articles/873-mohun-bagan-captain-shilton-paul-signed-on-loan-by-kerala-blasters |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=thefangarage.com}}</ref>
|-
|2015–16
|-
|2016–17
| {{flag|Japan}}
|[[Katsumi Yusa]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sarangi |first=Y. B. |date=2017-05-20 |title=Katsumi Yusa: 'God watching our hard work' |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/katsumi-yusa-god-watching-our-hard-work/article18515601.ece |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017–18
| {{flag|India}}
|[[Kingshuk Debnath]]
|{{refn|Kingshuk became the first-choice captain after Nordé left the club before the end of the season.|group=note}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|Haiti}}
| rowspan="2" |'''[[Sony Nordé]]'''
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=S. Pai |first=Vinayak |date=22 Nov 2017 |title=I-League 2017/18: Mohun Bagan's Sony Norde rues Yusa Katsumi's decision to join East Bengal |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/i-league-2017-18-mohun-bagan-s-sony-norde-rues-yusa-katsumi-s-decision-to-join-east-bengal |website=Sportskeeda}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018–19
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohun Bagan Coach Sankarlal Chakraborty Lauds Comeback Man Sony Norde {{!}} I-League |url=https://i-league.org/mohun-bagan-coach-sankarlal-chakraborty-lauds-comeback-man-sony-norde/ |access-date=2024-08-19 |language=en-US}}</ref>{{refn|Nordé became the first-choice captain after he joined the club mid-season.|group=note}}
|-
| {{flag|Nigeria}}
|[[Kingsley Obumneme|Eze Kingsley Obumneme]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-27 |title=I-League 2018-19: Mohun Bagan's defence must improve as Chennai City FC come calling {{!}} Goal.com India |url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/i-league-2018-19-mohun-bagan-chennai-city/bnist2xibvao1m5a8dxffmg7t |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=www.goal.com |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Amitabha Das |date=2018-12-16 |title=I-League 2018: East Bengal defeats Mohun Bagan 3-2 in Kolkata Derby |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/ileague-2018-19-mohun-bagan-vs-east-bengal-match-report-kolkata-derby-jobby-justin-dipanda-dicka-ralte/article25757982.ece |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2019–20
| {{flag|India}}
|'''[[Dhanachandra Singh]]'''
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-05-12 |title=Really enjoyed playing in this Mohun Bagan team, says Dhanachandra Singh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/really-enjoyed-playing-in-this-mohun-bagan-team-says-dhanachandra-singh/articleshow/75688868.cms |access-date=2024-08-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2020-02-13 |title=I-League: Gonzalez hat-trick headlines Mohun Bagan's 6-2 win over NEROCA FC - as it happened |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/mohun-bagan-vs-neroca-live-ileague-diawara-gonzalez-tursunov-beitia-adjah-pritam-diarra-indian-football/article30813610.ece |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" |2020–21
| {{flag|India}}
|'''[[Pritam Kotal]]'''
|<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
|-
| {{flag|India}}
|'''[[Arindam Bhattacharya (footballer)|Arindam Bhattacharya]]'''
|<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
|-
| {{flag|India}}
|'''[[Sandesh Jhingan]]'''
|<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
|-
| {{flag|Spain}}
|[[Edu García]]
|<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|Fiji}}
| rowspan="2" |'''[[Roy Krishna]]'''
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Amitabha Das |date=2020-11-15 |title=ISL 2020-21: Habas names five captains for ATK Mohun Bagan - Indian Football news |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/isl-news/atk-mohun-bagan-captains-jhingan-roy-krishna-kotal-isl-2020-21-indian-football-news/article33102526.ece |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Roy Krishna, Sandesh Jhingan among five captains announced by ATK Mohun Bagan |url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2020-21-atk-mohun-bagan-captain |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=Khel Now |language=en-us}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2021–22
|<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2021-11-17 |title=ISL 2021-22: Subhasish, Pritam and Roy Krishna named ATK Mohun Bagan captains |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/2021-2022/isl-2021-22-subhasish-bose-pritam-kotal-roy-krishna-atk-mohun-bagan-captains-indian-super-league-indian-football-updates/article37546345.ece |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2021-11-17 |title=ISL 2021-22: Roy Krishna, Subhasish Bose and Pritam Kotal Named ATK Mohun Bagan Captains |url=https://www.news18.com/news/football/isl-2021-22-roy-krishna-subhasish-bose-and-pritam-kotal-named-atk-mohun-bagan-captains-4455011.html |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|India}}
|'''[[Subhasish Bose]]'''
|<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />{{Refn|[[Subhasish Bose]] did not start any match as the team captain.|name=2021-22|group=note}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|India}}
| rowspan="2" |'''[[Pritam Kotal]]'''
|<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />
|-
| rowspan="4" |2022–23
|<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=ATK Mohun Bagan name four captains for 2022-23 season |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/football/atk-mohun-bagan-name-four-captains-for-2022-23-season20220821111909/ |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=DafaNews |date=2022-08-22 |title=ATK Mohun Bagan name four captains for the 2022-23 season |url=https://www.in.dafanews.com/football/atk-mohun-bagan-name-four-captains-for-the-2022-23-season-52884.html |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=Dafanews India |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Finland}}
|'''[[Joni Kauko]]'''
|<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" />{{Refn|name=2022-23|group=note}}
|-
| {{flag|Guinea}}
|'''[[Florentin Pogba]]'''
|<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" />{{Refn|[[Subhasish Bose]], [[Joni Kauko]] and [[Florentin Pogba]] did not start any match as the team captain.|name=2022-23|group=note}}
|-
| rowspan="4" | {{flag|India}}
| rowspan="4" |'''[[Subhasish Bose]]'''
|<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" />{{Refn|name=2022-23|group=note}}
|-
|2023–24
| rowspan="2" |Was the captain of the first [[Indian Super League|ISL]] winning team in 2023-24.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohun Bagan players headline ISL 2023-24 Fans' Team of the Season |url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-isl-fans-team-of-the-season-202406 |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=Khel Now |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 May 2024 |title=ত্রিমুকুট জিতে স্বপ্নপূরণ করতে চান মোহনবাগান অধিনায়ক, কাঁটা কলকাতায় খেলে যাওয়া দুই ফুটবলার |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/sports/football/mohun-bagan-captain-subhasis-bose-wants-to-win-treble-while-mumbai-players-wants-to-stop-them-is-isl-2023-24-final-dgtl/cid/1514332 |website=Ananda Bazar Patrika |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|2024–25
|-
|2025–26
|
|}
{{reflist|group=note}}

===By nationality===
{{As of|August 2024}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%; width:40%; text-align:left"
! width="10%" style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;"|Nationality
! width="10%" style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;"|No. of players
! width="10%" style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;"|{{abbr|First|First player to lead the team}} (Season)
! width="10%" style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;"|{{abbr|Last|Last player to lead the team}} (Season)
|-
! colspan="4"| Asia
|-
|{{flag|India}}
|style="text-align:center;"|71
|Manilal Sen (1889)
|[[Subhasish Bose]] (2025–26)
|-
|{{flag|Japan}}
|style="text-align:center;"|1
|[[Katsumi Yusa]] (2016–17)
|[[Katsumi Yusa]] (2016–17)
|-
! Total
|style="text-align:center;"|72
|-
! colspan="4"| Africa
|-
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|style="text-align:center;"|2
|[[Odafa Onyeka Okolie]] (2012–13)
|[[Kingsley Obumneme|Eze Kingsley Obumneme]] (2018–19)
|-
|{{flag|Guinea}}
|style="text-align:center;" |1
|[[Florentin Pogba]] (2022–23)
|[[Florentin Pogba]] (2022–23)
|-
! Total
| style="text-align:center;" |3
|-
! colspan="4"| Europe
|-
|{{flag|Spain}}
|style="text-align:center;"|1
|[[Edu García]] (2020–21)
|[[Edu García]] (2020–21)
|-
|{{flag|Finland}}
|style="text-align:center;" |1
|[[Joni Kauko]] (2022–23)
|[[Joni Kauko]] (2022–23)
|-
! Total
| style="text-align:center;" |2
|-
! colspan="4"| North America
|-
|{{flag|Haiti}}
|style="text-align:center;"|1
|[[Sony Nordé]] (2017–18)
|[[Sony Nordé]] (2018–19)
|-
! Total
|style="text-align:center;"|1
|-
! colspan="4"| South America
|-
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|style="text-align:center;"|1
|[[José Barreto (Brazilian footballer)|José Ramirez Barreto]] (2006)
|[[José Barreto (Brazilian footballer)|José Ramirez Barreto]] (2011–12)
|-
! Total
|style="text-align:center;"|1
|-
! colspan="4"| Oceania
|-
|{{flag|Fiji}}
|style="text-align:center;"|1
|[[Roy Krishna]] (2020–21)
|[[Roy Krishna]] (2021–22)
|-
! Total
|style="text-align:center;"|1
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mohun Bagan Super Giant}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Mohun Bagan Super Giant Captains}}
[[Category:Mohun Bagan Super Giant-related lists|Captains]]

Bharatpedia:WikiProject Indian music/Popular pages

2026-04-08T20:11:12Z

Dwps: new a info

This is a list of pages in the scope of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian music]] along with pageviews.

To report bugs, please write on the [[meta:User_talk:Community_Tech_bot|Community tech bot]] talk page on Meta.

== List ==

'''Period''': 2026-03-01 to 2026-03-31

'''Total views''': {{FORMATNUM:6}}

Updated: 20:11, 8 April 2026 (UTC)

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Rank
! Page title
! Views
! Daily average
! Assessment
! Importance
|-
| 1
| [[Raga mala]]
| [https://pageviews.toolforge.org/?project=en.wikipedia.org&start=2026-03-01&end=2026-03-31&pages=Raga_mala&redirects=1 {{FORMATNUM:6}}]
| {{FORMATNUM:0}}
| style="text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold; background:#FFAA66" | [[:Category:Start-Class articles|Start]]
| style="text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold; background:#ffc1ff" | [[:Category:Mid-importance articles|Mid]]
|-
|}

[[Category:Lists of popular pages by WikiProject]]

The Adventures of Sinbad (film)

2026-04-05T11:03:42Z

Dwps: new a info

{{Short description|2013 Indian movie}}
{{One source|date=July 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = The Adventures of Sinbad
| image = The Adventures of Sinbad Poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Shinjan Neogi Abhishek Panchal
| producer = Afzal Ahmed Khan
| story = Affan Khan Amman Khan
| screenplay = Manoj Sethi
| based_on = [[Sinbad the Sailor]]
| editing = Shinjan Neogi
| music = Firoze Patel Kaizad Patel
| cinematography = Shinjan Neogi
| studio = Lodi Films Pvt. Ltd.
| distributor = [[PVR Pictures|PVR Directors Rare]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|03|22|}}
| runtime = 110 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}

'''''The Adventures of Sinbad''''' is an Indian 2D animated film featuring the story of [[Sinbad the sailor]]. Produced by Afzal Ahmed Khan and directed by duo Shinjan Neogi and Abhishek Panchal; this animated movie released on 22 March 2013.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/previews/The-Adventures-of-Sinbad/articleshow/18087632.cms|title=The Adventures of Sinbad - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
The Adventures of Sinbad is a 2D animated movie about Sinbad (a 12-year-old boy) and his friends. The little sailor of legend is framed by the King of darkness Sahzaman for the treasure of seven seas, and must travel to his realm at the end of the world to retrieve it and save the life of King Nazab (the king of the city of Baghdad), who is also father of princess Xina. The extremely adventures voyage for the hunt of the greatest treasure witness the most terrifying dark evil power of Sahzaman and the fights of our sailor of legend Sinbad and his friends.

==Cast==
* Vaibhav as Sinbad
* Manju as Xina
* Jeet as Qasim
* Sunil Tiwari as Sahzamaan
* Vandana as Saara
* Yogesh as King Nazab
* Saakshi as Heera

==See also==
*[[List of indian animated feature films]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130106234652/http://theadventureofsinbad.com/ Official website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Adventures Of Sinbad, The}}
[[Category:2013 animated films]]
[[Category:Indian animated fantasy films]]
[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:Films based on Sinbad the Sailor]]
[[Category:2013 fantasy films]]
[[Category:Films distributed by PVR Inox Pictures]]
[[Category:2013 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2013 Indian films]]

P. Sivakami

2026-03-28T19:30:24Z

Dwps: new a pg.

{{Short description|Indian Civil Servant and writer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}

'''P. Sivakami''' (born 30 November 1957) is a former [[Indian Administrative Services]] officer, activist, and dalit-feminist writer predominantly writing in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]. Her notable works include ''Pazhayana Kazhidalum, Kurruku Vettu, Nalum Thodarum'' and ''Kadaisi Mandhar''. Apart from being one of the most prominent [[Dalit]] novelists in India, having written six novels and more than 60 short stories, she has also constantly voiced her opinions on contemporary social and political issues.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url = http://gulfnews.com/news/asia/india/sivakami-first-dalit-woman-to-become-a-novelist-1.1066120|title = Sivakami, first Great woman to become a novelist|date = 26 August 2012|accessdate = 13 June 2015|website = Gulf News|last = Pathak|first = Nilima}}</ref> P. Sivakami has worked as an editor and contributed to the monthly magazine ''Puthiya Kodangi'' since 1995. She is a significant presence on social media through her [[Twitter]] account.

== Early life and education ==
P. Sivakami was born in Perambalur,[[Tamil Nadu]]. Her father, M. Palanimuthu, is an independent MLA.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-04-27 |title=Ex-bureaucrat in her second innings |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/exbureaucrat-in-her-second-innings/article8530428.ece |access-date=2024-12-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name="Badrinath2015">{{cite book|author=Tulsi Badrinath|title=Madras, Chennai and the Self: Conversations with the City|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oNMuBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT24|date=29 January 2015|publisher=Pan Macmillan|isbn=978-1-5098-0006-3|pages=24–}}</ref> She has graduate and post-graduate degrees in history.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/exbureaucrat-in-her-second-innings/article8530428.ece|title=Ex-bureaucrat in her second innings|last=Rajaram|first=R.|date=28 April 2016|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-10-28|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Career ==
===Early career===
In an interview with [[Business Standard|The Business Standard]] in February 2016, she said, "Bureaucracy has treated me like an untouchable".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/bureaucracy-treated-me-like-an-untouchable-ex-ias-officer-sivakami-ians-interview-116020400249_1.html|title=Bureaucracy treated me like an untouchable: Ex-IAS officer Sivakami (IANS Interview)|last=IANS|date=4 February 2016|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2019-03-14}}</ref>

===Literary career===
Since 1995, she has been centrally involved in the publication of the literary journal ''Puthiya Kodangi'' and has a lively investment in issues that touch Dalit and other backward castes and women in [[Tamil Nadu]]. She is the first Tamil Dalit Woman to write a novel ''Pazhiyana Kazhidalum'' in 1989. A literary and commercial success, the novel created a stir by taking on patriarchy in the Dalit movement. The novel is translated by the author herself and published in English as ''The Grip of Change'' (2006). Her second novel ''Anandhayi'' is about the violent treatment of women and was translated into English by Pritham K Chakravarthy as ''The Taming of Women'' in 2011. Her first poetry collection, ''Kadhavadaippu'', was published in October 2011. Sivakami has written four critically acclaimed novels, all of them centred on Dalit and [[Feminism|Feminist]] themes. She has written numerous short stories and poems focusing on similar issues. Sivakami's novels portray the rustic story of women who suffer at the hands of men who strongly believe in and stand for patriarchy. The conflicts and struggles are between tenacious women and tyrannical men in the contemporary society.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.the-criterion.com/V7/n1/019.pdf|title=Double Marginalization of Dalit Women in Sivakami's "The Grip of Change" and "The Taming of Women"|website=The criterion|access-date=26 September 2020}}</ref>

Sivakami made a short film ''Ooodaha'' (Through) based on a story written by one of her friends. Set in 1995, it was selected by the National Panorama and won the President Award the same year.<ref name="gulf"/>

== Political career ==
She quit the [[Indian Administrative Service]] in 2008 after 29 years and joined politics a year later, contesting the [[Lok Sabha]] polls from [[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari]] representing the [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] (BSP). However, she lost the elections.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-05-14 |title=Turf war on as Dalit parties clash |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2008/Dec/10/turf-war-on-as-dalit-parties-clash-9419.html |access-date=2024-12-15 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

In 2009, she founded her own [[political party]], Samuga Samathuva Padai, which was based on the principles of the Dalit icon [[B. R. Ambedkar]].<ref name="gulf">{{Cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/india/sivakami-first-dalit-woman-to-become-a-novelist-1.1066120|title=Sivakami, first Dalit woman to become a novelist|website=gulfnews.com|date=26 August 2012 |language=en|access-date=2019-03-14}}</ref>

== Works ==
* ''Pazhayani Kazhidalum'' ("In the Grip of Change", 1988) (cf. 2013)
* ''Pazhayani Kazhidalum Asiriyar Kurippu'' ("Author's Notes for The Grip of Change", 1995)
* ''Kurruku Vettu'' (1999)
* ''Ippadiku Ungal Yadharthamulla'' (1986)
* ''Nalum Thodarum'' (1989)
* ''Kadaisi Mandhar'' (1995)
* ''Kadaigal'' (2004)
* ''Anandhayi''
* ''Kadhavadaippu'' (2011)
* ''Pal̲aiyan̲a kal̲italum'', பழையன கழிதலும், 2013 (First version 1988)
** in German: ''Die Zeiten ändern sich.'' Transl. Thomas Vogel. Draupadi, Heidelberg 2020
* ''Udal Arasiyal'' ("Body Politics", essays)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* Satyanarayana, K & [[Susie Tharu|Tharu, Susie]] (2011) ''No Alphabet in Sight: New Dalit Writing from South Asia, Dossier 1: Tamil and Malayalam'', New Delhi: Penguin Books.
* Satyanarayana, K & [[Susie Tharu|Tharu, Susie]] (2013) ''From those Stubs Steel Nibs are Sprouting: New Dalit Writing from South Asia, Dossier 2: Kannada and Telugu'', New Delhi: HarperCollins India.

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sivakami, P}}
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Dalit women writers]]
[[Category:Dalit writers]]
[[Category:Indian Tamil writers]]
[[Category:Indian feminist writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Indian women essayists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:Women writers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]

Ayaz Ahmed

2026-03-21T19:44:40Z

Dwps: Created A Article!

{{short description|Indian television actor (born 1986)}}
{{about||the Pakistani politician|Ayaz Ahmed (politician)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ayaz Ahmed
| image =
| caption =Ayaz Ahmed
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1986|9|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Howrah]], [[West Bengal]], India<ref name=BIO/>
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2007–present
}}

'''Ayaz Ahmed''' (born 24 September 1986) is an Indian television actor. He made his debut on television as a contestant in the popular reality show [[MTV Roadies]]. He is most known for his role in ''[[Ishaan: Sapno Ko Awaaz De]]'', ''[[Kaisi Yeh Yaariaan]]'' and ''[[Do Dil Ek Jaan]]''.

==Early life==
Ahmed was born on 24 September 1986 and brought up in [[Howrah]], [[West Bengal]], India. He studied at [[St. Thomas' Church School, Howrah|St. Thomas' Church School]], and studied law at [[Calcutta University]], following in his father's footsteps.<ref name=BIO>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-13/interviews/39950868_1_ayaz-ahmed-nikita-sharma-raghu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006162427/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-13/interviews/39950868_1_ayaz-ahmed-nikita-sharma-raghu |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 October 2013 |title=I'm here to do my job, not compete: Ayaz Ahmed|date=13 June 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |accessdate=30 January 2014}}</ref>

==Career==
Ahmed made his debut as a contestant in the popular reality show [[MTV Roadies 5]].<ref name=BIO/><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.mtvroadies.net.in/seasons/season-5.htm |title=Information on MTV Roadies 5 {{!}} Kaisi yeh yaariyan- Cabir Dhawan|id= "Do Dil Ek Jaan- Raghu"|publisher= Mtvroadies.net.in |date=22 March 2007 |accessdate= 30 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109015405/http://www.mtvroadies.net.in/seasons/season-5.htm |archivedate=9 January 2014 }}</ref> After his stint in Roadies, he played a small role in [[Kitani Mohabbat Hai]].<ref>{{cite web|title=I Luv My|url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/i-luv-my-india-different-and-unique-concept-says-ayaz-ahmed|website=Tellychakkar}}</ref> He later appeared in a number of shows such as [[Tujh Sang Preet Lagai Sajna (2008 TV series)|Tujh Sang Preet Lagai Sajna]], [[Ishaan: Sapno Ko Awaaz De]], Meri Toh Lag Gayi... Naukri, [[I Luv My India]], [[Parvarrish - Kuchh Khattee Kuchh Meethi]], [[Do Dil Ek Jaan]], [[Ishq Kills]], [[MTV Webbed]], [[Kaisi Yeh Yaariaan]], [[Santoshi Maa (TV series)|Santoshi Maa]] and [[Agniphera (TV series)|Agniphera]].

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Serial
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2007 || ''[[MTV Roadies (season 5)|MTV Roadies 5]]''|| Contestant || Debut
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Kitani Mohabbat Hai]]''|| Abhay ||
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Tujh Sang Preet Lagai Sajna (2008 TV series)|Tujh Sang Preet Lagai Sajna]]''|| Bunty ||
|-
| 2010–2011 || ''[[Ishaan: Sapno Ko Awaaz De]]''|| Pulkit || Parallel Lead Role
|-
| 2011 || ''Meri Toh Lag Gayi... Naukri''|| Ayaan Walia ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2012 || ''[[I Luv My India]]''|| Prem Sethi || Lead Role
|-
| ''[[Gumrah: End of Innocence]]''|| || Episodic Role
|-
| ''[[Parvarrish – Kuchh Khattee Kuchh Meethi]]''|| Aarav ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2013 || ''[[Crime Patrol (TV series)|Crime Patrol]]''|| Inspector Badri || Episodic Role
|-
| ''[[Do Dil Ek Jaan]]''|| Raghunath Nayak || Lead Role
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2014 || ''[[Yeh Hai Aashiqui]]''|| Kanishk || Episodic Role
|-
| ''[[Ishq Kills]]''|| Prashant || Episodic Role
|-
| ''MTV Webbed 2''|| Raghav ||
|-
| ''[[MTV Splitsvilla#Season 7|MTV Splitsvilla 7]]''|| Contestant ||
|-
| ''[[MTV Fanaah|MTV Fannah]]''|| Ranbir Dhawan ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2014–2015|| rowspan="2" | ''[[Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya (TV series)|Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya]]''|| Sid || rowspan="2" | Episodic Role
|-
| Anand
|-
| ''[[Kaisi Yeh Yaariaan]]''|| Cabir Dhawan || Lead Role
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Code Red (Indian TV series)|Code Red]]''|| Chales Gajrar || Episodic Role
|-
| 2015–2017
| ''[[Santoshi Maa (TV series)|Santoshi Maa]]''
| Dhairya Mishra
| Lead Role
|-
| 2017–2018
| ''[[Agniphera (TV series)|Agnifera]]''
| Baiju Kanpuria
| Parallel Lead Role
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2019
| ''[[Laal Ishq (Indian TV series)|Laal Ishq]]''
| Sameer "Sam"
| Episodic Role
|-
| ''[[Shakti – Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki]]''
| Arjun
| rowspan = "7" | Negative Role
|-
| rowspan = "3" | 2021
| ''[[Aye Mere Humsafar]]''
| Dr. Sahil
|-
| ''[[Aapki Nazron Ne Samjha]]''
| Aman
|-
| ''[[Qurbaan Hua]]''
| Zain Siddiqui
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Fanaa: Ishq Mein Marjawan]]''
| Yug Raichand
|-
| 2022–2023
| ''[[Janam Janam Ka Saath]]''
| Nishant Tomar
|-
| 2024
| ''Mehndi Wala Ghar''
| Manas Agarwal
|-
|}

==Web series==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#F5F5F5;"
|-
! Year
! Series
! OTT
! Character
|-
| 2020 || Lips Don't Lie || Gemplex ||
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{twitter|Abr_Ayazahmed }}

{{Roadies}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahmed, Ayaz}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Indian male soap opera actors]]
[[Category:1986 births]]

Bengali calendar

2026-03-20T19:44:10Z

Dwps: general reworked references based on references and corrected details

{{Short description|Calendar used in the Bengal region}}
{{About|the traditional calendar used in Bengal region|the civil calendar of Bangladesh which is a standardized version of this calendar|Bangladeshi national calendar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox calendar date today}}
{{Contains special characters|Bengali}}
{{Bengalis}}
The '''Bengali calendar''' or '''Bangla calendar''' ({{langx|bn|বঙ্গাব্দ|Bôṅgābdô}}, colloquially {{lang|bn|বাংলা সন}}, {{Lang|bn-Latn|Bāṅlā Sôn}} or {{lang|bn|বাংলা সাল}}, {{Lang|bn-Latn|Bāṅlā Sāl}}, "Bangla Year")<ref name="Sengupta2011"/> is a [[solar calendar]]<ref name="ChakrabartiChakrabarti2013">{{cite encyclopaedia |author1=Kunal Chakrabarti |author2=Shubhra Chakrabarti |title=Historical Dictionary of the Bengalis |year=2013 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-8024-5 |pages=114–5 |entry=Calendar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QVOFAAAAQBAJ}}</ref> used in the [[Bengal region]] of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. In contrast to the traditional Indian Hindu calendar, which begins with the month [[Chaitra]], the Bengali calendar starts with [[Baishakh]]. [[Bangladeshi national calendar|A revised version]] of the calendar is officially used in [[Bangladesh]], while an earlier, traditional version continues to be followed in the Indian states of [[West Bengal]], [[Tripura]], and [[Assam]].

The Bengali calendar began in 590–600 CE to commemorate the ascension of [[Shashanka]], the first independent king in Bengal's unified polity.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakraborty |first=Yajnaseni |date=15 April 2022 |title=A few Bengali calendar basics as we begin 1429 |url=https://www.getbengal.com/details/a-few-bengali-calendar-basics-as-we-begin-1429}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jayakumar |first=Anagha |date=15 April 2025 |title=Why Bangladesh celebrates Pohela Boishakh on April 14 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-culture/why-bangladesh-celebrates-pohela-boishakh-on-april-14-9944403/ |work=The Indian Express}}</ref> The first day of the Bengali year is known as [[Pohela Boishakh]] (1st of Boishakh) which is a public holiday in Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Raidah |first1=Nazifa |title=The mystery of Pahela Baishakh and the Bengali calendar |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/views/news/the-mystery-pahela-baishakh-and-the-bengali-calendar-3586941 |access-date=14 April 2024 |work=The Daily Star |date=14 April 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

The Bengali era is called ''Bengali Sambat'' (BS)<ref>{{cite book|author=Ratan Kumar Das|title=IASLIC Bulletin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mcDgAAAAMAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Indian Association of Special Libraries & Information Centres|page=76}}</ref> and has a zero year that starts in 593/594 CE. It is 594 less than the [[Anno Domini|AD]] or [[Common Era|CE]] year in the [[Gregorian calendar]] if it is before Pohela Boishakh, or 593 less if after Pohela Boishakh.

==History==
The [[Saka Era]] was widely used in [[Bengal]], prior to the arrival of Muslim rule in the region, according to various epigraphical evidence.<ref>{{cite book |author=Richard Salomon |title=Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the Other Indo-Aryan Languages |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t-4RDAAAQBAJ |year=1998 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-509984-3 |pages=148, 246–247, 346}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=D. C. Sircar |title=Indian Epigraphy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hXMB3649biQC |year=1996 |orig-year=First published 1965 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1166-9 |pages=241, 272–273}}</ref> The [[Bikrami calendar]] was in use by the Bengali people of the region. This calendar was named after king [[Vikramaditya]] with a zero date of 57 BCE.<ref>{{cite book |author=Eleanor Nesbitt |title=Sikhism: a Very Short Introduction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XebnCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA122 |year=2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-874557-0 |pages=122, 142}}</ref> In rural Bengali communities, the Bengali calendar is credited to "Bikromaditto", like many other parts of India and [[Nepal]]. However, unlike these regions where it starts in 57 BCE, the modern Bangladeshi and Bengali calendar starts from 593 CE suggesting that the starting refers the Bengali king [[Shashanka|Shashaka]]'s ascent to throne.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lal |first=Dr Avantika |title=Gauda Kingdom |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Gauda_Kingdom/ |access-date=2025-04-15 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref>

===Buddhist/Hindu influence===
Some historians attribute the Bengali calendar to the 7th century Bengali king [[Shashanka]], whose reign covered the Bengali era of 594 CE.<ref name= Chakrabarti114/><ref name=meghna/><ref name="Sengupta2011"/> The term ''Bangabda'' (Bangla year) is found too in two Shiva temples many centuries older than [[Akbar]] era, suggesting that a Bengali calendar existed long before Akbar's time.<ref name="Sengupta2011">{{cite book|author=Nitish K. Sengupta|title=Land of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to Mujib|date=2011|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-341678-4|pages=96–98}}</ref>

Hindus developed a calendar system in ancient times.{{Sfn|Kim Plofker|2009|pp=10, 35–36, 67}} ''Jyotisha'', one of the six ancient [[Vedanga]]s,<ref name=monierwilliamsnijyotisa>{{cite book|author=Monier Monier-Williams|title=A Sanskrit–English Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_3NWAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA353|year=1923|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=353|access-date=16 April 2017|archive-date=7 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307164257/https://books.google.com/books?id=_3NWAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA353|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=jameslochtefeldsca326>James Lochtefeld (2002), "Jyotisha" in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A–M, Rosen Publishing, {{ISBN|0-8239-2287-1}}, pages 326–327</ref> was the Vedic era field of tracking and predicting the movements of astronomical bodies in order to keep time.<ref name=monierwilliamsnijyotisa/><ref name=jameslochtefeldsca326/><ref name="mullerhaslp210">{{cite book|author=Friedrich Max Müller|title=A History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofancient00mlle|year=1860|publisher=Williams and Norgate|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofancient00mlle/page/210 210]–215}}</ref> The ancient Indian culture developed a sophisticated time keeping methodology and calendars for Vedic rituals.{{Sfn|Kim Plofker|2009|pp=10, 35–36, 67}}

The Hindu Vikrami calendar is named after king Vikramaditya and starts in 57 BCE.<ref>{{cite book |author=Eleanor Nesbitt |title=Sikhism: a Very Short Introduction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XebnCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA122 |year=2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-874557-0 |pages=122, 142 |access-date=16 April 2017 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415073742/https://books.google.com/books?id=XebnCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA122 |url-status=live}}</ref> In rural Bengali communities of India, the Bengali calendar is credited to "Bikromaditto", like many other parts of India and Nepal. However, unlike these regions where it starts in 57 BCE, the Bengali calendar starts from 593 suggesting that the starting reference year was adjusted at some point.<ref name="Klass1978p166">{{cite book |author=[[Morton Klass]] |title=From Field to Factory: Community Structure and Industrialization in West Bengal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XAZ2JBQ2vwsC&pg=PA166 |year=1978 |publisher=University Press of America |isbn=978-0-7618-0420-8 |pages=166–167 |access-date=16 April 2017 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415073743/https://books.google.com/books?id=XAZ2JBQ2vwsC&pg=PA166 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Nicholas2003p13">{{cite book |author=Ralph W. Nicholas |title=Fruits of Worship: Practical Religion in Bengal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yLI7nyI2UVYC&pg=PA13 |year=2003 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-8028-006-1 |pages=13–23 |access-date=16 April 2017 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415073750/https://books.google.com/books?id=yLI7nyI2UVYC&pg=PA13 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Various dynasties whose territories extended into Bengal, prior to the early 13th-century, used the [[Vikrami calendar]]. For example, Buddhist texts and inscriptions created in the [[Pala Empire]] era mention "Vikrama" and the months such as [[Ashvin]], a system found in Sanskrit texts elsewhere in ancient and medieval Indian subcontinent.<ref>{{cite book |author=D. C. Sircar |title=Indian Epigraphy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hXMB3649biQC |year=1965 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1166-9 |pages=241, 272–273 |access-date=17 April 2017 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415073744/https://books.google.com/books?id=hXMB3649biQC |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Richard Salomon |title=Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the Other Indo-Aryan Languages |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t-4RDAAAQBAJ |year=1998 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-509984-3 |pages=148, 246–247, 346 |access-date=17 April 2017 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415073744/https://books.google.com/books?id=t-4RDAAAQBAJ |url-status=live}}</ref>

Hindu scholars attempted to keep time by observing and calculating the cycles of the Sun ([[Surya]]), Moon, and the planets. These calculations about the Sun appear in various Sanskrit astronomical texts in [[Sanskrit]], such as the 5th century ''Aryabhatiya'' by [[Aryabhata]], the 6th century ''Romaka'' by Latadeva and ''Panca Siddhantika'' by Varahamihira, the 7th century ''Khandakhadyaka'' by Brahmagupta and the 8th century ''Sisyadhivrddida'' by Lalla.<ref name="Burgess1989vii">{{cite book|author=Ebenezer Burgess|editor=P Ganguly, P Sengupta|title=Sûrya-Siddhânta: A Text-book of Hindu Astronomy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W0Uo_-_iizwC|year=1989|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass (Reprint), Original: Yale University Press, American Oriental Society|isbn=978-81-208-0612-2|pages=vii–xi|access-date=16 April 2017|archive-date=15 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415073744/https://books.google.com/books?id=W0Uo_-_iizwC|url-status=live}}</ref> These texts present Surya and various planets and estimate the characteristics of the respective planetary motion.<ref name="Burgess1989vii"/> Other texts such as ''Surya Siddhanta'' dated to have been complete sometime between the 5th century and 10th century.<ref name="Burgess1989vii"/>

The current Bengali calendar in use by Bengali people in the Indian states such as [[West Bengal]], [[Tripura]], [[Assam]], and [[Jharkhand]] is based on the Sanskrit text ''Surya Siddhanta'' and includes the modifications introduced during the reign of Shashanka, the first independent ruler of [[Gauda Kingdom|Gauda]]. The timeline Shashanka becoming the sovereign ruler of Bengal rising from a territorial ruler matches with the first year of [[Bangabda]]. It retains the historic Sanskrit names of the months, with the first month as Baishakh.<ref name= Chakrabarti114/> Their calendar remains tied to the Hindu calendar system and is used to set the various Bengali Hindu festivals.<ref name= Chakrabarti114/>

===Influence of Islamic calendar===
Another theory is that the calendar was first developed by [[Alauddin Husain Shah]] (reign 1494–1519), a [[Hussain Shahi dynasty|Hussain Shahi]] sultan of Bengal by combining the lunar [[Islamic calendar]] (Hijri) with the solar calendar, prevalent in Bengal.<ref name="Sengupta2011"/> Yet another theory states that the Sasanka calendar was adopted by Alauddin Husain Shah when he witnessed the difficulty with collecting land revenue by the Hijri calendar.<ref name="Sengupta2011"/>

During the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] rule, land taxes were collected from Bengali people according to the Islamic Hijri calendar. This calendar was a lunar calendar, and its new year did not coincide with the solar agricultural cycles. The current Bengali calendar owes its origin in Bengal to the rule of Mughal Emperor Akbar who adopted it to time the tax year to the harvest. The Bangla year was therewith called ''Bangabda''. Akbar asked the royal astronomer [[Fathullah Shirazi]] to create a new calendar by combining the lunar [[Islamic calendar]] and solar [[Hindu calendar]] already in use, and this was known as ''Fasholi shan'' (harvest calendar). According to some historians, this started the Bengali calendar.<ref name= Chakrabarti114>{{cite book |author1=Kunal Chakrabarti |author2=Shubhra Chakrabarti |title=Historical Dictionary of the Bengalis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QVOFAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA114 |year=2013 |publisher=Scarecrow |isbn=978-0-8108-8024-5 |pages=114–115 |access-date=15 April 2017 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415073820/https://books.google.com/books?id=QVOFAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA114 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2015 |title=Pahela Baishakh |encyclopedia=Banglapedia |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh |location=Dhaka, Bangladesh |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Pahela_Baishakh |access-date=15 April 2017 |archive-date=7 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190907065950/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Pahela_Baishakh |url-status=live}}</ref> According to Shamsuzzaman Khan, it could be Nawab [[Murshid Quli Khan]], a Mughal governor, who first used the tradition of ''Punyaho'' as "a day for ceremonial land tax collection", and used Akbar's fiscal policy to start the Bangla calendar.<ref name=meghna>{{Cite book |title=The Bangladesh Reader: History, Culture, Politics |last1=Guhathakurta |first1=Meghna |last2=Schendel |first2=Willem van |publisher=Duke University Press |year=2013 |isbn=9780822353188 |pages=17–18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://time.com/4739604/google-doodle-pohela-boishakh-bangladesh/ |title=Google Doodle Celebrates Pohela Boishakh in Bangladesh |magazine=Time |access-date=2017-04-17 |archive-date=16 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416221721/http://time.com/4739604/google-doodle-pohela-boishakh-bangladesh/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

It is unclear whether it was adopted by Hussain Shah or Akbar. The tradition to use the Bengali calendar may have been started by Hussain Shah before Akbar.<ref name="Sengupta2011"/> According to [[Amartya Sen]], Akbar's official calendar "Tarikh-ilahi" with the zero year of 1556 was a blend of pre-existing Hindu and Islamic calendars. It was not used much in India outside of Akbar's Mughal court, and after his death the calendar he launched was abandoned. However, adds Sen, there are traces of the "Tarikh-ilahi" that survive in the Bengali calendar.<ref name="amartyasen"/> Regardless of who adopted the Bengali calendar and the new year, states Sen, it helped collect land taxes after the spring harvest based on traditional Bengali calendar, because the Islamic [[Lunar Hijri calendar|Hijri]] calendar created administrative difficulties in setting the collection date.<ref name="Sengupta2011"/> The government and newspapers of Bangladesh widely use the term Bangla shal (B.S.). For example, the last paragraph in the [[preamble]] of the [[Constitution of Bangladesh]] reads "In our Constituent Assembly, this eighteenth day of Kartick, 1379 B.S., corresponding to the fourth day of November, 1972 A.D., do hereby adopt, enact and give to ourselves this Constitution."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/pdf_part.php?id=367 |title=Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh}}</ref>
The zero year in the Bangladeshi calendar era is 593 CE.<ref name=amartyasen>{{cite book|author=Amartya Sen|title=The Argumentative Indian: Writings on Indian History, Culture and Identity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6bKvAAAAQBAJ|year=2005|publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux|isbn=978-0-374-10583-9|pages=319–322}}</ref><ref name="Klass1978p166"/><ref name="Nicholas2003p13"/><ref>{{cite book|author=Jonathan Porter Berkey|title=The Formation of Islam: Religion and Society in the Near East, 600-1800 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mLV6lo4mvj0C&pg=PA61 |year=2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-58813-3|page=61}}</ref>

[[Shamsuzzaman Khan]] wrote, "that it is called Bangla san or saal, which are Arabic and Parsee words respectively, suggests that it was introduced by a Muslim king or sultan."<ref name=meghna/> In contrast, according to Sen, its traditional name is ''Bangabda''.<ref name="Sengupta2011"/><ref>Syed Ashraf Ali, [http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Bangabda Bangabda] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105070149/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Bangabda |date=5 January 2018 }}, National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh</ref> In the era of the Akbar, the calendar was called as ''[[Bangladeshi calendar #Akbar's influence|Tarikh-e-Elahi]]'' ({{lang|bn|তারিখ-ই ইলাহি}}). In the "Tarikh-e-Elahi" version of the calendar, each day of the month had a separate name, and the months had different names from what they have now. According to Banglapedia, Akbar's grandson [[Shah Jahan]] reformed the calendar to use a seven-day week that begins on Sunday, and the names of the months were changed at an unknown time to match the month names of the existing [[Saka calendar]].<ref name=Banglapedia/> This calendar is the foundation of the calendar that has been in use by the people of [[Bangladesh]].<ref name="ChakrabartiChakrabarti2013"/><ref name=Banglapedia/><ref name="Sengupta2011"/>

==Calendar structure==
The Bengali calendar used in [[Bangladesh]] is a [[solar calendar]]<ref name="ChakrabartiChakrabarti2013"/><ref name=Banglapedia/> and the one used in India is a [[lunisolar calendar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Bengali Calendar
|url=https://www.kolkataonline.in/guide/the-Bengali-calendar |website=Kolkataonline.in}}</ref>

===Months===
The month names are derived from the names of the stars (nakshatras) and the seasons, and have been used for centuries.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! Month name ([[Bengali language|Bengali]])
! [[Romanization of Bengali|Romanization]]
! style="background: #d5fdd5;" | Days ([[Bangladesh]], 1966/1987–2018)
! Days ([[Bangladesh]], 2019'''–''')
! Start date ([[Bangladesh]], 2019'''–''')
! style="background: #ffdb99;" | Days (India) (Exact Period in Days) {{Citation needed|date=November 2021|reason=Weirdly accurate with no ref. Looking for rāśi lengths (sauramāsa) may produce a ref.}}
! Traditional Season in [[Bengal]]
! style="background: #ccccff;" |Month name ([[Gregorian calendar]])
! style="background: #ffdb99;" | Month name ([[Vikram Samvat|Hindu Vikrami]] solar)
|-
|{{lang|bn|বৈশাখ}}
|''[[Boishakh]]''
| 31
| 31
| 14 April
| 30/31 (30.950)
| rowspan="2"| {{lang|bn|গ্রীষ্ম}} (''Grishshô'') [[Summer]]
| April–May
|[[Mesha (month)|Mesha]]
|-
|{{lang|bn|জ্যৈষ্ঠ}}
|''[[Joishtho|Jyoishţho]]''
| 31
| 31
| 15 May
| 31/32 (31.429)
| May–June
|[[Vṛṣabha|Vrshaba]]
|-
|{{lang|bn|আষাঢ়}}
|''[[Asharh|Ashaŗh]]''
| 31
| 31
| 15 June
| 31/32 (31.638)
| rowspan="2"| {{lang|bn|বর্ষা}} (''Bôrsha'') [[Wet season]]/[[Monsoon]]
| June–July
|[[Mithuna (month)|Mithuna]]
|-
|{{lang|bn|শ্রাবণ}}
|''[[Srabon|Shrabon]]''
| 31
| 31
| 16 July
| 31/32 (31.463)
| July–August
|[[Karkaṭa|Karkataka]]
|-
|{{lang|bn|ভাদ্র}}
|''[[Bhadro]]''
| 31
| 31
| 16 August
| 31/32 (31.012)
| rowspan="2"| {{lang|bn|শরৎ}} (''Shôrôd'') [[Autumn]]
| August–September
|[[Siṃha|Simha]]
|-
|{{lang|bn|আশ্বিন}}
|''[[Ashvin|Ashshin]]''
| 30
| '''31'''
| 16 September
| 30/31 (30.428)
| September–October
|[[Kanyā|Kanya]]
|-
|{{lang|bn|কার্তিক}}
|''[[Kartik (month)|Kartik]]''
| 30
| 30
| 17 October
| 29/30 (29.879)
| rowspan="2"| {{lang|bn|হেমন্ত}} (''Hemonto'') [[Dry season]]
| October–November
|[[Tulā|Tula]]
|-
|{{lang|bn|অগ্রহায়ণ}}
|''[[Ogrohayon|Ôgrohayon]]''
| 30
| 30
| 16 November
| 29/30<ref>{{cite web |script-title=bn:পঞ্জিকা ১১৩৬ বঙ্গাব্দ |url=http://www.usingha.com/sal/1136.html |work=usingha.com |access-date=6 January 2022 |archive-date=10 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610112327/http://www.usingha.com/sal/1136.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |script-title=bn:পঞ্জিকা ১১৩৭ বঙ্গাব্দ |url=http://www.usingha.com/sal/1137.html |work=usingha.com |access-date=6 January 2022 |archive-date=19 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419104458/http://www.usingha.com/sal/1137.html |url-status=live}}</ref> (29.475)
| November–December
|[[Vṛścika|Vrschika]]
|-
|{{lang|bn|পৌষ}}
|''[[Poush]]''
| 30
| 30
| 16 December
| 29/30 (29.310)
| rowspan="2"| {{lang|bn|শীত}} (''Sheet'') [[Winter]]
| December–January
|[[Dhanu (month)|Dhanu]]
|-
|{{lang|bn|মাঘ}}
|''[[Magh (Bengali calendar)|Magh]]''
| 30
| 30
| 15 January
| 29/30 (29.457)
| January–February
|[[Makara (month)|Makara]]
|-
|{{lang|bn|ফাল্গুন}}/ ফাগুন
|''[[Falgun]]/ Fagun''
| 30 / 31 (leap year)
|'''29 / 30 (leap year)'''
| 14 February
| 29/30 (29.841)
| rowspan="2"| {{lang|bn|বসন্ত}} (''Bôsôntô'') [[Spring (season)|Spring]]
| February–March
|[[Kumbha (month)|Kumbha]]
|-
|{{lang|bn|চৈত্র}}
|''[[Choitro]]''
| 30
| 30
| 15 March
| 30/31 (30.377)
| March–April
|[[Mīna|Meena]]
|}

===Days===
The Bengali calendar incorporates the seven-day [[week]] as used by many other calendars. The names of the days of the week in the Bengali calendar are based on the [[Navagraha]] ({{langx|bn|নবগ্রহ|nôbôgrôhô}}). The day begins and ends at sunrise in the Bengali calendar, unlike in the Gregorian calendar, where the day starts at midnight.

According to some scholars, in the calendar originally introduced by Akbar in the year 1584 CE, each day of the month had a different name, but this was cumbersome, and his grandson [[Shah Jahan]] changed this to a 7-day week as in the [[Gregorian calendar]], with the week also starting on a Sunday.<ref name=Banglapedia/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Day name ([[Bengali language|Bengali]])
! [[Romanization of Bengali|Romanization]]
! Divine figure/celestial body
! Day name (English)
! Day name ([[Sylheti language|Sylheti]])
! Day name ([[Rohingya language|Rohingya]])
|-
|{{lang|bn|রবিবার}}/ রোববার
|''Rôbibar/ Robbar''
|[[Surya|Robi]]/[[Sun]]
|[[Sunday]]
|Roibbár
|Rooibar
|-
|{{lang|bn|সোমবার}}
|''Shombar''
|[[Soma (deity)|Som]]/[[Moon]]
|[[Monday]]
|Shombár
|Cómbar
|-
|{{lang|bn|মঙ্গলবার}}
|''Mônggôlbar''
|[[Mangala|Mongol]]/[[Mars]]
|[[Tuesday]]
|Mongolbár
|Mongolbar
|-
|{{lang|bn|বুধবার}}
|''Budhbar''
|[[Budha|Budh]]/[[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]]
|[[Wednesday]]
|Budbár
|Buidbar
|-
|{{lang|bn|বৃহস্পতিবার}}
|''Brihôspôtibar''
|[[Brihaspati|Brihospoti]]/[[Jupiter]]
|[[Thursday]]
|Bishudbár
|Bicíbbar
|-
|{{lang|bn|শুক্রবার}}
|''Shukrôbar''
|[[Shukra|Shukro]]/[[Venus]]
|[[Friday]]
|Shukkurbár
|Cúkkurbar
|-
|{{lang|bn|শনিবার}}
|''Shônibar''
|[[Shani|Shoni]]/[[Saturn]]
|[[Saturday]]
|Shonibár
|Cónibar
|}

==Traditional and revised versions==
[[File:Bengali month Ashar.jpg|thumb|Two versions of the Bengali calendar. Top: the "Traditional version" followed in [[West Bengal]]; Below: the "Revised version" followed in [[Bangladesh]].]]

The current Bengali calendar in the Indian states is based on the Sanskrit text ''Surya Siddhanta''. It retains the historic Sanskrit names of the months, with the first month as Baishakh.<ref name= Chakrabarti114/> Their calendar remains tied to the [[Hindu calendar]] system and is used to set the various Bengali Hindu festivals.<ref name= Chakrabarti114/>

In Bangladesh, however, the old Bengali calendar was modified in 1966 by a committee headed by [[Muhammad Shahidullah]], making the first five months 31 days long, the rest 30 days each, with the month of Falgun adjusted to 31 days in every leap year.<ref name= Chakrabarti114/> This was officially adopted by Bangladesh in 1987.<ref name= Chakrabarti114/><ref name=Banglapedia>{{cite book|author=Syed Ashraf Ali|chapter=Bangabda|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Bangabda|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh|editor=Sirajul Islam|editor2=Ahmed A. Jamal|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]|year=2012|edition=2nd|access-date=7 July 2015|archive-date=5 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105070149/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Bangabda|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Festivals==
The following lists major festivals on the Bangladeshi calendar.

===Pohela Boishakh===
{{Main|Pohela Boishakh}}
The first day of the month of [[Boishakh]] ushers the Bengali New Year and is known as [[Pohela Boishakh]]. The festival is similar to [[New Year's Day]], [[Nowruz]] and [[Songkran]]. In [[Dhaka]], the cultural organization [[Chhayanaut]] hosts a notable concert in [[Ramna Park]], starting at dawn on 14 April. The [[Mangal Shobhajatra]] parades are brought out in many Bangladeshi cities during the festival and is regarded by [[UNESCO]] as an [[intangible cultural heritage]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=UNESCO - Mangal Shobhajatra on Pahela Baishakh |url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/mangal-shobhajatra-on-pahela-baishakh-01091 |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=ich.unesco.org |language=en}}</ref>

The Bengali New Year's Day is a [[Public holiday|national holiday]] in Bangladesh and [[Indian state]] of [[West Bengal]], observed on 14 and 15 April on each region, respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |title=When is Poila Baishakh 2024? Know exact date, significance and more about the Bengali New Year |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/lifestyle/news/when-is-poila-baishakh-2024-know-exact-date-significance-and-more-about-the-bengali-new-year-2024-04-12-925986 |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref>

====Haal Khata====
{{Main|Haal Khata}}
Traders start a new [[Haal Khata]] book on Pohela Boishakh to keep financial records and settle debts.<ref name="ds14Apr2014">{{cite news |author=Shamsuzzaman Khan |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/emergence-of-bengali-new-year-and-calendar-20078 |title=Emergence of Bengali New Year and Calendar |work=The Daily Star |date=14 April 2014 |access-date=2017-04-27}}</ref>

====Boishakhi Mela====
{{Main|Boishakhi Mela}}
The [[Boishakhi Mela]] are fairs organized on Pohela Boishakh.<ref name="ds14Apr2014"/>

===Spring festival===
{{Main|Pohela Falgun|Basanta Utsab}}
[[Pohela Falgun]] and [[Basanta Utsab]] is the first day of spring in the Bengali calendar celebrated in Bangladesh and India, respectively.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}

===Boli Khela===
{{Main|Boli khela}}
In the [[Chittagong]] region of Bangladesh, the [[Boli khela]] wrestling matches are organized during the month of Boishakh.<ref name="ds14Apr2014"/>

===Cattle racing===
Cattle races are a popular activity in [[Manikganj]] and [[Munshiganj]] districts of Bangladesh during Boishakh.<ref name="ds14Apr2014"/>

==See also==
* [[Hindu calendar]]
* [[Islamic calendar]]
* [[Mallabda|Malla calendar]]
* [[Indian national calendar]]
* [[Roman calendar]]
* [[Japanese calendar]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===
*{{cite book|author=Kim Plofker|title=Mathematics in India |title-link=Mathematics in India (book) |year=2009 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12067-6 }}

{{Bengali calendar}}
{{calendars}}
{{Culture of West Bengal}}
{{Symbols of Bangladesh}}
{{Bangladesh topics}}
{{West Bengal topics}}

[[Category:Solar calendars]]
[[Category:Calendar eras]]
[[Category:Bengali calendar| ]]
[[Category:Culture of Bengal|Calendar]]
[[Category:Time in India]]
[[Category:Time in Bangladesh]]

Nandgaon State

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Dwps: updated page

{{short description|Princely State of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|conventional_long_name = Nandgaon State
|common_name = Nandgaon =
|status_text = [[Vassal state|Vassal State]] of [[Maratha Empire]] (1765–1865) [[Princely State]] of [[British India]] (1865–1948)
|era = -
|year_start = 1765
|date_start =
|event_start =
|year_end = 1948
|date_end =
|event_end = [[Independence of India|Accession to the Indian Union]]
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|p1 = Maratha Empire
|s1 = India
|flag_p1 = Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg
|flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
|image_flag = Flag of the Nandgaon State.svg
|image_flag2 =
|stat_area1 = 2344
|stat_year1 = 1881<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fnQIAAAAQAAJ|title = The Geography of British India, Political & Physical|last1 = Smith|first1 = George|year = 1882}}</ref>
|stat_pop1 = 164,339
|today = [[Rajnandgaon]] ([[Chhattisgarh]])
|footnotes =
|demonym =
|capital = • Pandadah (1765-1835) • [[Rajnandgaon]] (1835-1948)
|motto =
|flag=|image_map=[[File:Kawarda-Khairagarh-Imperial Gazetteer.jpg|
border|220x720px|]]|image_map_caption=Nandgaon State in the [[Imperial Gazetteer of India]]|flag_caption=|image_coat= |title_leader=[[Mahant]] [[Raja]] [[Bahadur]]}}

'''Nandgaon State''' (Hindi: नांदगाँव), also known as Raj Nandgaon, was one of the [[Princely state|princely states]] of [[India]] during the period of the [[British Raj]]. Nandgaon State, in present-day Rajnandgaon District of Chhattisgarh, was the only town of the state and the seat of the ruler's residence. The state was founded by Mahant Prahlad Das Bairagi in 1765 A.D. Nanadgaon State was ruled by Vaishnav Brahmins (Bairagi Brahmins).

[[File:State Post Raj Nandgaon.jpg|thumb|150px|Postage stamp of Nandgaon State]]

==History==

The Foundation of the Estate of Nandgaon hails back to Prahlad Das, a Shawl Merchant who in the 18th century had Migrated from the Punjab region. When he settled in Ratanpur the Area was Ruled by the Bhonsle Clan of Marathas.

Prahlad Das Belonged the Bairagi sect whose members practised strict celibacy. The word Bairagi is derived from the Sanskrit Vairagya, Meaning Freedom From Passions. Succession was ensured by Chosen Disciples, Chela, Who became Mahants and Inherited all the possessions of their predecessor. Prahlad Das became wealthy and after his death his disciple Hari Das was given power and influence by the local Maratha ruler who Promoted him as his Rajguru (Spiritual Advisor).

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 98%;"
! colspan="6" style="background: LightSteelBlue;"|Lineage
|-
! Mahant (Raja Bahadur)
! Reign
|-
| Mahant Prahlad Das
|1765-1797
|-
| Mahant Hari Das
|1797-1812
|-
| Mahant Ram Das
|1897-1812
|-
| Mahant Raghubar Das
|1812-1819
|-
| Mahant Himanchal Das
|1819-1832
|-
| Mahant Moujiram Das
|1832-1862
|-
| Mahant Ghanaram Das
|1862-1865
|-
|[[Mahant Raja Ghasi Das]]
|1865-1883
|-
|Mahant Raja Balram Das ([[Raja]] [[Rao Bahadur|Bahadur]])
|1883-1897
|-
|Mahant Raja Rajendra Das
|1897-1912
|-
|[[Mahant Raja Sarveshwar Das]]
|1913-1940
|-
|[[Mahant Raja Digvijay Das]]
|1940-1947
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[Eastern States Agency]]
* [[Chhattisgarh Division]]
*[[Political integration of India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Princely states of the Eastern States Agency}}

[[Category:Princely states of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Rajnandgaon district]]

List of rulers of Odisha

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Dwps: Enhanced content and organization

{{short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
The land of [[Odisha]] or former [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]] has undergone several changes in terms of its boundaries since ancient ages. It was also known by different names like [[Odra kingdom|Odra Desha]], [[Kalinga (historical kingdom)|Kalinga]], Hirakhanda, Mahakantara or [[Utkala kingdom|Utkala]] in different eras. Unlike other ancient kingdoms in India, Odisha for most part of the History remained a stable and major power till medieval era due to widespread martial culture and prosperity brought by successive native ruling dynasties.

The year 1568 is considered a turning point in the history of Odisha. In 1568, [[Kalapahad]] invaded the state. This, aided by internal conflicts, led to a steady downfall of the state from which it did not recover.

== Ancient period==
{{Main|Kalinga (historical region)}}

=== Kalinga kingdom (c. 1100–261 BCE) ===
{{Main|Kalinga (historical region)}}

According to political scientist Sudama Misra, the Kalinga [[janapada]] originally comprised the area covered by the [[Puri district|Puri]] and [[Ganjam district|Ganjam]] districts.<ref>{{cite book|author=Sudāmā Miśra|title=Janapada state in ancient India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dua1AAAAIAAJ|year=1973|publisher=Bhāratīya Vidyā Prakāśana}}</ref>

==== Kalinga dynasty (I) (c. 1100–700 BCE) ====
{{main|Kalinga (Mahabharata)}}

According to [[Mahabharata]] and some [[Puranas]], the prince 'Kalinga' founded the [[Kalinga (Mahabharata)|Kalinga kingdom]], in the current day region of coastal [[Odisha]], including the North Sircars.<ref name=enHindu>{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of the Hindu World, Volume 1|year=1992|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w9pmo51lRnYC&q=Bali%20Kalinga%20Vanga&pg=PA18|author=Gaṅgā Rām Garg|isbn=9788170223740|access-date=28 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ancientvoice.wikidot.com/mbh:kalingas|title=Kalingas|website=www.ancientvoice.wikidot.com|access-date=29 November 2018}}</ref>

The Mahabharata also mentions one 'Srutayudha' as the king of the Kalinga kingdom, who joined the [[Kauravas|Kaurava]] camp.<ref name="maha">{{cite book|title=The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Second Book Sabha Parva|publisher=Echo Library|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sPpAfsrooXsC&q=mahabharata%20Srutayudha%20kalinga&pg=PA10|author=Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa|date=March 2008|access-date=28 October 2012|page=10|isbn=9781406870442}}</ref> In the Buddhist text, Mahagovinda Suttanta, Kalinga and its ruler, 'Sattabhu', have been mentioned.<ref name="hem">{{cite book|last=Raychaudhuri|first=Hemchandra|title=Political History Of Ancient India|year=2006|publisher=Genesis Publishing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h1KObc_qaXYC&q=Mahagovinda%20Suttanta%20kalinga&pg=PA75|access-date=25 October 2012|page=75|isbn=9788130702919}}</ref>
;Known rulers are-
* King Kalinga, (founder of [[Kalinga (Mahabharata)|Kalinga kingdom]])
* King Odra, (founder of [[Odra kingdom]])
* [[Srutayudha]]
* Srutayush
* Manimat
* Chitrangada
* Subahu
* Virasena
* Sudatta
* Nalikira
* Yavanaraj
* Dantavakkha or Dantavakhra (c. 9th century BCE)
* [[Avakinnayo Karakandu]] (c. late 9th to early 8th century BCE)
* Vasupala (c. 8th century BCE)

==== Kalinga dynasty (II) (c. 700–350 BCE) ====

This dynasty is mentioned in ''Chullakalinga Jataka'' and ''Kalingabodhi Jataka''. The last ruler of the first Kalinga dynasty is said to have broken away from the [[Danda kingdom]] along with the kings of [[Asmaka]] and [[Vidarbha]] as its feudal states, and established rule of second Kalinga dynasty.
;Known rulers are:
* Dandaki
* Mahakalinga
* [[Chullakalinga]]
* [[Kalinga II]] (c. 7th – 6th century BCE)

;Other or late Kalinga rulers according to Dāṭhavaṃsa are:{{clarify|date=September 2024}}

This was probably another dynasty or late rulers of Second Kalinga dynasty, which is mentioned in ''[[Dāṭhavaṃsa]]''.
;Known rulers are:
* Brahmadatta (c. 6th – 5th century BCE)
* Sattabhu
* Kasiraja
* Sunanda
* Guhasiva

==== Suryavamsha of Kalinga (c. 350–261 BCE) ====
;Known rulers are-
* Brahmaadittiya (c. 4th century BCE)
His son, prince 'Soorudasaruna-Adeettiya' (sudarshanāditya) was exiled and as per [[History of Maldives|Maldivian history]], established the first kingdom the '''Kingdom of Dheeva Maari''' and laid the foundation of the Adeetta dynasty.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mohamed |first=Naseema |title=First Settlers |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/arch_0044-8613_2005_num_70_1_3970 |journal=Note on the Early History of the Maldives |date=2005 |page=9 |doi=10.3406/arch.2005.3970 |access-date=21 March 2021 }}</ref>
*''Unknown rulers''
* ''Unknown'' (till 261 BCE), ruler of Kalinga at time of [[Kalinga War|Mauryan annexation of Kalinga]].<ref name=Indika>[[Pliny the Elder]] (77 CE), ''[[Natural History (Pliny)|Natural History]] VI'', 22.1, quoting [[Megasthenes]] (3rd century BCE), ''[[Megasthenes#Indica|Indika]]'', Fragm. LVI.</ref>

After [[Kalinga War]] (261 BCE), Kalinga kingdom became a part of [[Mauryan Empire]], after which Kalinga kingdom was succeeded by [[Mahameghavahana dynasty|Mahameghavahana Empire]] between 230–190 BCE which ruled till 350 CE.<ref name="Sahu">{{Cite journal|last=Sahu|first=J. K.|date=1977|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=38|pages=49–54|issn=2249-1937|jstor=44139050|title=The Meghas of Kosala}}</ref>

=== Kalinga under Magadha Empire (c. 345–225 BCE) ===
{{see also|Magadha|Magadha Empire}}

==== Under Nanda Empire (c. 345–322 BCE) ====
{{Main|Nanda dynasty}}

Kalinga was believed to be briefly annexed by Mahapadma Nanda.
* [[Mahapadma Nanda]] (380–340 BCE)
* Pandhuka
* Panghupati
* Bhutapala
* Rashtrapala
* Govishanaka
* Dashasidkhaka
* Kaivarta
* Mahendra
* [[Dhana Nanda]] (322–321 BCE)

When [[Chandragupta Maurya]] rebelled against the [[Nandas]], Kalingas broke away from the empire of [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]].

==== Under Maurya Empire (c. 261–225 BCE) ====
{{Main|Maurya Empire}}

Ashoka invaded Kalinga in 261 BCE. Kalinga broke away from the Mauryan empire during the rule of Dasharatha.

[[File:Maurya Empire, c.250 BCE 2.png|thumb|Maurya Empire at Ashoka's regin in 250 BCE]]

* [[Ashoka]] (274–232 BCE)
* [[Dasharatha Maurya]] (232–224 BCE)

=== Mahameghavahana Empire (c. 225 BCE – 350 CE) ===
{{Main|Mahameghavahana dynasty}}

[[File:Hathigumpha inscription.JPG|thumbnail|right|Hātigumfā inscription of Emperor Kharavela at Udayagiri Hills.]]

Mahamegha Vahana was the founder of the Kalingan [[Chedi kingdom|Chedi or Cheti dynasty]].<ref name=gene>{{cite book|last=Reddy|year=2005|title=General Studies History 4 Upsc|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Education|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yWfeU9eQd5YC&q=Kharavela%20and%20Mahameghavahana&pg=SL1-PA55|access-date=25 October 2012|page=A-55|isbn=9780070604476}}</ref><ref name=mani>{{cite book|last=Mani|first=Chandra Mauli|title=A Journey Through India's Past|year=2005|publisher=Northern Book Centre|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HSoE8qR-5BgC&q=Chedi%20dynasty&pg=PA51|access-date=25 October 2012|page=51|isbn=9788172111946}}</ref> The names of Sobhanaraja, Chandraja, Ksemaraja also appear in context.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.498985|title=Ancient India, History of Ancient India for 1000 years in four volumes. [From 900 B.C. to 100 A.D.]. Volume IV.|publisher=Shashikant & Co.|year=1941|location=Baroda|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.498985/page/n149 103]}}</ref> But, Kharavela is the most well known among them. The exact relation between Mahamegha Vahana and Kharavela is not known.<ref name="gene"/>
*Vasu
*Mahamegha Vahana
*Sobhanaraja
*Chandraja
*Ksemaraja
*Vakradeva (or) Virdhharaja
*[[Kharavela]] (c. 193 BCE–155 BCE)
*Kudepasiri Vakradeva ll
*Vaduka
*Galaveya

It is not known that, if Vakadeva was a successor or predecessor of Kharavela.<ref>{{cite book|last=Raychaudhuri|first=Hemchandra|title=Political History Of Ancient India|year=2006|publisher=Genesis Publishing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h1KObc_qaXYC&q=Cheti%20Dynasty&pg=PA348|access-date=25 October 2012|page=348|isbn=9788130702919}}</ref> From the inscriptions and coins discovered at [[Guntupalle, Eluru district|Guntupalli]] and [[Velpuru]], Andhra Pradesh, we know of a series of rulers with the suffix ''Sada'' who were possibly distant successors of Kharavela.<ref name=jaina>{{cite book|title=Studies in Jaina Art and Iconography and Allied Subjects|year=1995|publisher=Abhinav Publications|pages=31|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fETebHcHKogC&q=Mahishaka%20%20Guntupalli%20inscription&pg=PA31|author=R. T. Vyas|author2=Umakant Premanand Shah|isbn=9788170173168|access-date=12 November 2012}}</ref>

* Mana-Sada
* Siri-Sada
* Maha-Sada
* Sivamaka-Sada
* Asaka-Sada

=== Murunda dynasty (150–250 CE) ===
{{main|Murunda dynasty}}
*Gana (c. 2nd cen CE)<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44156572 |publisher=Indian History Congress |last=Mohanty |first=Prafulla Kumar |title=Growth of Urban Society in Early Odisha |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |date=2015 |volume=76 |page=114 |jstor= 44156572 }}</ref>
*Dhamadamadhara (Dharmatamadharasya) (c. 3rd century CE)<ref>{{cite journal |last=Pelliot |first=Paul |author-link1= Paul Pelliot |date=1903 |title=Le Fou-nan |url=http://www.persee.fr/doc/befeo_0336-1519_1903_num_3_1_1216 |access-date=12 April 2021 |language=fr |journal=Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient |volume=3 |page=292 |doi=10.3406/befeo.1903.1216 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Coedès |first= George |editor=Walter F. Vella |others=trans.Susan Brown Cowing |title=The Indianized States of Southeast Asia|url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/115019/2/b11055005.pdf |year=1968 |pages=46–47 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |isbn=978-0-8248-0368-1 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2011/Nov/engpdf/32-38.pdf |title=Kalinga and Funan : A Study in Ancient Relations |author=Benudhar Patra |date=November 2011 |publisher=Orissa Review |access-date=4 April 2021}}</ref>

=== Satavahana Empire (ca. 60–199 CE) ===
{{main|Satavahana dynasty}}
Source:<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ollett |first1=Andrew |title=Language of the Snakes |date=2017 |publisher=University of California Press |jstor=10.1525/j.ctt1w8h1vk |pages=189–190 }}</ref>

[[Gautamiputra Satakarni]] is known to have invaded Kalinga during his reign.<ref name=govt>{{cite web|title=Detail History of Orissa|url=http://www.orissa.gov.in/history1.htm|publisher=[[Government of Odisha]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061112195307/http://www.orissa.gov.in/history1.htm|archive-date=12 November 2006}}</ref> The ''[[Nashik]] [[prashasti]]'' inscription of Gautamiputra's mother during the reign of [[Vasisthiputra Sri Pulamavi|Vasisthiputra Pulumavi]], located in the [[Nasik Caves]], states that his orders were obeyed by the [[Rajamandala|circle]] of all kings and calls him the lord of mount [[Mahendra Mountains|Mahendra]] among a list of other mountains.<ref>{{cite book |author=R. G. Bhandarkar |editor= Robert Kennaway Douglas |title=Transactions of the Second Session Held at London, in September, 1874 |chapter=The Nasik Cave Inscriptions |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-IUpAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA306 |year=1876 |publisher=Trübner |pages=311}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya |title=Some Early Dynasties of South India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=78I5lDHU2jQC&pg=PA77 |year=1974 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-2941-1 |pages=78–79}}</ref>
* [[Gautamiputra Satakarni|Gautamiputra Sri Satakarni]] (c. 60–84 CE)
* [[Vasisthiputra Sri Pulamavi|Vasisthiputra Sri Pulumavi]] (c. 84–119 CE)
* [[Vashishtiputra Satakarni|Vasisthiputra Sri Satakarni]] (c. 119–148 CE)
* Vasisthiputra Sivasri Pulumavi (c. 148–156 CE)
* [[Shivaskanda Satakarni|Vasisthiputra Sriskanda Satakarni]] (c. 156–170 CE)
* [[Yajna Sri Satakarni|Gautamiputra Sriyajña Satakarni]] (c. 171–199 CE)

== Pre-classical period ==

===Naga dynasty of Vindhyatabi (225–360)===
{{Main|Nagas of Vindhyatabi}}
An inscription dating from 3rd to 4th century found in Asanpat village in [[Kendujhar district|Keonjhar]] revealed the existence of this dynasty.<ref name=gupta>{{cite book|last=Agrawal|first=Ashvini|title=Rise And Fall Of The Imperial Guptas|year=1989|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hRjC5IaJ2zcC&q=manabhanja&pg=PA60|access-date=25 October 2012|page=60|isbn=9788120805927}}</ref>
* Manabhanja (225–261)
* [[Satrubhanja]] (261–340)
* Disabhanja (340–360)

===Parvatadvarka dynasty (360–400)===
{{main|Parvatadvaraka dynasty}}
During the same period as the Nalas, the region around modern-day [[Kalahandi]] was ruled by them. Not much is known about them.<ref name=govt/>
* Sobhanaraja
* Tustikara

=== Kings mentioned in ''Raghuvamsha of Kalidasa'' ===
{{main|Raghuvamsha|Kalidasa}}
* [[Hemangada]]

===Gupta Empire (335–550)===
{{main|Gupta Empire}}
[[File:Gupta Empire 320 - 600 ad.PNG|thumbnail|right|Gupta Empire 320–600 CE]]
[[Samudragupta]] invaded Kalinga during his reign in c.350.<ref name=govt/> By c.571, most of Kalinga had broken away from the Gupta empire.<ref name=maga/>
* [[Samudragupta]] (335–380 CE)
* [[Ramagupta]] (380)
* [[Chandragupta II]] (380–415 CE)
* [[Kumaragupta I]] (415–455 CE)
* [[Skandagupta]] (455–467 CE)
* [[Purugupta]] (467–473 CE)
* Kumaragupta II (473–476)
* Budhagupta (476–495)
* Kumaragupta III (495–500)
* Vishnugupta (500–520)
* Vainyagupta (520–540)
* Bhanugupta (540–550 CE)

===Nala dynasty (400–740)===
{{Main|Nala dynasty}}
[[File:South Asia historical AD375 EN.svg|thumb|Nalas and Kalinga, with their other contemporaries, c. 375 CE]]
For some time in 4th century, the southern Odisha region around modern-day [[Koraput]], [[Rayagada district|Rayagada]], [[Malkangiri district|Malkangiri]] and undivided Bastar, was ruled by the Nalas.<ref name=govt/>

* Vrishadhvaja (400–420 CE)
* Varaharaja (420–440 CE)
* Bhavadattavarman or Bhavadattaraja (441–446 CE)
* Arthapatiraja (446–478)
* Skandavarman (480–515 CE)
*Stambha (515–550 CE)
*Sri-Nandanaraja (550–585 CE)
*Prithviraja (585–625 CE)
*Viruparaja (625–660 CE)
*Vilasatunga (660–700 CE)
*Prthivivyaghra (700–740 CE)

===Rajarsitulyakula (4th–6th century CE)===
{{main|Rajarsitulyakula}}
The later half of the 4th century, this dynasty was established in the South Kosala region.<ref name=govt/>
* Maharaja Sura
* Maharaja Dayita I (or Dayitavarman I)
* Maharaja Bhimasena I
* Maharaja Dayitavarman II
* Maharaja Bhimasena II (c. 501 or 601–?)

===Sharabhapuriya dynasty (475–590)===
{{main|Sharabhapuriya dynasty}}
Not much is known about this dynasty. Everything known about them, comes from the inscriptions on copper plates and coins. They may or may not have also been known as the Amararyakula dynasty.<ref name=sara>{{cite book|title=Inscriptions of the Śarabhapurīyas, Pāṇḍuvaṁśins, and Somavaṁśins |year=1995|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|pages=96, 108, 112|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7cyQ8BxzR4kC&q=Inscriptions+of+the+Sarabhapuriyas+Panduvamsins+and+Somavamsins|author=Ajay Mitra Shastri|isbn=9788120806375}}</ref> This dynasty is supposed to have started by one Sarabha, who may have been a feudal chief under the Guptas. They ruled over the modern-day region of [[Raipur]], [[Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]] and [[Kalahandi]].<ref name=sara/>

* Sharabha (Śarabha), c. 475–500 CE
* Narendra, c. 500–525 CE
* Prasanna, c. 525–550 CE
* Jayarāja, c. 550–560 CE
* Sudevarāja, c 560–570 CE
* Manamatra alias Durgarāja, c. 570–580 CE
* Sudevarāja, c. 570–580 CE
* Pravarāja, c. 580–590 CE

===Mathara dynasty (4th–5th century CE)===
{{main|Mathara dynasty}}
The Mathara dynasty ruled during the 4th and the 5th centuries. The Mathara rulers include:{{sfn|Tripathy|1997|p=8}}

* [[Shakti-varman]] (Śaktivarman)
* Prabhanjana-varman (Prabhañjanavarman)
* Ananta-shakti-varman (Anantaśaktivarman)

===Vishnukundina dynasty (420–555)===
{{main|Vishnukundina dynasty}}
Anantasaktivarman lost southern part of his kingdom to [[Vishnukundin|Madhava Varma II]] and the Matharas never recovered it.<ref name=govt/>

* Madhava Varma I (420–455 CE)
* Indra Varma (455–461)
*[[Vishnukundin#Madhava Varma II|Madhava Verma II]] (461–508 CE)
* Vikramendra Varma I (508–528)
* Indra Bhattaraka Varma (528–555 CE)

Indra Bhattaraka Varma possibly lost his Kalinga holdings to one Adiraja Indra, who possibly was Indravarma I of East Ganga Dynasty.<ref name=govt/><ref name="Mirashi 1975 138">{{cite book|last=Mirashi|first=Vasudev Vishnu|title=Literary And Historical Studies In Indology|year=1975|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X0JUwf2BXVAC&q=Jirjingi&pg=PA138|access-date=25 October 2012|page=138|isbn=9788120804173}}</ref>

===Vigraha dynasty (575–630)===
They ruled the region called South Toshali or ''Kalinga-rashtra'',{{sfn|Tripathy|1997|p=53}} around modern-day [[Puri]] and [[Ganjam]], during second half of 6th century.
* Prithivi Vigraha (575–600 CE)
* Loka Vigraha (c. 600–630 CE)

===Mudgalas dynasty (580 CE–?)===
They ruled the region of North Toshali, the river [[Mahanadi]] served as the border between North and South Toshali. Around 599-600 CE, they invaded South Toshali and by 604 CE the Vigrahas claim to suzerainty over Toshali ended.{{sfn|Tripathy|1997|pages=52-54}}

* Sambhuyasa (c. 580 CE–?)<ref name=maga>{{cite book|last=Sinha|first=Bindeshwari Prasad|title=Dynastic History of Magadha, Cir. 450–1200 A.D.|year=1977|publisher=Abhinav Publications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V3KDaZY85wYC&q=Sambhuyasa&pg=PA137|access-date=26 October 2012|page=137}}</ref>

Copper plate grants have been found of a feudatory of Sambhuyasa named Bhanudatta in Olasingh Village, [[Khordha]] and [[Balasore]]. The absence of the name of his overlord in his grants during his 5th regnal year may indicate that Sambhuyasa died without an heir and his kingdom maybe in a state of chaos. Bhanudatta might have enjoyed a short independent rule in the region around Soro, Balasore. Somadatta, presumably of the same family as Bhanudatta from the Balasore region, issued a grant from the ''visaya'' of Sarephahara (now identified with the region around Soro, Balasore) which was included in the Odra-''visaya'' or Ordra-''desa''. Odra-''visaya'' is taken to be another name for the entire Toshali kingdom under Sambhuyasa.{{sfn|Tripathy|1997|p=55,57}}

===Durjaya dynasty (620–680)===
In mid-6th century CE, a chief, Ranadurjaya, established himself in South Kalinga.<ref name=kamlesh>{{cite book|title=History Of Ancient India|year=2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ic4BjWFmNIC&q=durjaya&pg=PP1|page=606|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|author=Kapur, Kamlesh|isbn=9788120749108|access-date=26 October 2012}}</ref> Prithivimaharaja probably consolidated his kingdom by conquering parts of the Toshali kingdom.<ref name=govt/>
* Ranadurjaya
* Prithivimaharaja

== Post-classical period ==

===[[Gauda Kingdom]]===
Shashanka invaded and possibly occupied North Toshali (or Utkala including modern day Mayurbhanj, Balasore, Cuttack, Keonjhar and Dhenkanal) and South Toshali (or Kalinga including Cuttack, Puri and Ganjam) from the Mudgalas. A copper plate grant from Somadatta's 19th regnal year calls him the ruler of Utkala and Dandabhukti(Dantan in South-Western Midnapore) and he assumes the subordinate royal title of ''samanta-maharaja'' under Shashanka.{{sfn|Tripathy|1997|p=57–60}}

Shashanka seemed to have established another fief called Kongoda under a new ruling family called [[Shailodbhava dynasty|Shailodbhava]]. The Ganjam grant of Madhavaraja II was issued on the occasion of solar eclipse. [[Lorenz Franz Kielhorn]] worked out the two nearest possible dates which could have corroborated with the Gupta year mentioned in this record, the two solar eclipses that could have been visible from Ganjam district being on 4 November 617 CE and 2 September 620 CE. Evidently the possible date of the grant is the latter one. Immediately after 620 CE, Madhavaraja II might have assumed independence from Shashanka. After this Shashanka was no more in the political arena of Odisha when Madhavaraja II issued his Khordha grant which describes him as "lord of the whole of Kalinga".{{sfn|Tripathy|1997|p=64}}

* [[Shashanka]] (c. ?–620 CE)

===Shailodbhava dynasty===
{{main|Shailodbhava dynasty}}
They ruled from the region ranging from coastal Odisha to Mahanadi and to [[Mahendragiri, Orissa|Mahendragiri]] in [[Paralakhemundi]]. This region was called the Kongoda mandala.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}} Sailobhava, the founder of dynasty, is said to have been born of a rock, hence the name Shailodbhava.<ref name=indica>{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia Indica: Minor Dynasties of Ancient Orissa|year=2000|publisher=Anmol Publications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wfsvAQAAIAAJ&q=pulindasena|author=Shyam Singh Shashi|pages=6, 164|isbn=9788170418597}}</ref> Sailobhava was the adopted son of one Pulindasena, who was possibly a chieftain. They were possibly the subordinates of Shashanka until Madhavaraja II.<ref name=govt/><ref name=upin>{{cite book|title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century|publisher=Pearson Education India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GW5Gx0HSXKUC&q=shashanka%20kalinga&pg=PA565|author=Upinder Singh|year=2008|access-date=26 October 2012|page=565|isbn=9788131716779}}</ref>
* Pulindasena (?)
* Sailobhava (?)
* Dharmaraja I (or Ranabhita)
* Madhavaraja I (or Sainyabita I)
* Ayasobhita I (or Chharamparaja)
* Madhavaraja II (or Madhavavarman) (? – 665 CE)
* Madhyamaraja I (or Ayasobhita II) (665 CE – ?)
* Dharmaraja II

As the feudatory of Shashanka, Madhavaraja I had the title of ''Maharaja Mahasamanta''. In the second copper plate chatter issued by Madhavaraja II from Kongoda, he is endowed with the title of ''Sakala-Kalingadhipati''(Lord of the whole of Kalinga). Based on Chinese traveler [[Xuanzang|Xuanzang's]] account it is believed that the [[Pushyabhuti dynasty|Pushyabhuti]] emperor [[Harshavardhana]] may have invaded Utkala and Kongoda. But his victories if any may have been formal as Madhavaraja II did not refer to any overlordship in his grants after gaining independence from Shashanka.{{sfn|Tripathy|1997|pp=60–64}}

===Bhaumakara dynasty===
{{main|Bhauma-Kara dynasty}}
The Bhauma or Bhauma-Kara Dynasty lasted from c. 736 CE to c. 940 CE.<ref name=palm>{{cite book|last=Patnaik|first=Durga Prasad|title=Palm Leaf Etchings of Orissa|year=1989|publisher=Abhinav Publications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=90_qAeMT1bwC&q=4|page=2|isbn=9788170172482}}</ref> They mostly controlled the coastal areas of Kalinga. But by c.850 CE, they controlled most of modern Odisha. The later part of their reign was disturbed by rebellions from the Bhanja dynasty of the [[Sonepur District|Sonepur]] and [[Boudh]] region.<ref>{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Walter|title=The Mukteśvara Temple in Bhubaneswar|year=1994|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y0MQmNx8g2gC&q=Bhauma&pg=PA22|access-date=25 October 2012|page=22|isbn=9788120807938}}</ref>

* Lakshmikaradeva (?)
* Ksemankaradeva (736)
* [[Sivakara Deva I|Sivakaradeva I]] (or Unmattasimha) (c. 756/786 –?)
* Subhakaradeva I (c. 790 –?)
* Sivakaradeva II (c. 809 –?)
* Santikaradeva I (or Gayada I) (?)
* Subhakaradeva II (c. 836 –?)
* Subhakaradeva III (?–845)
* [[Tribhuvana Mahadevi I]] (widow of Santikaradeva I) (c. 845 –?)
* Santikaradeva II (?)
* Subhakaradeva IV (or Kusumahara II) (c. 881 –?)
* Sivakaradeva III (or Lalitahara) (c. 885 –?)
* [[Tribhuvana Mahadevi II]] (or Prithivi Mahadevi, widow of Subhakara IV) (c. 894 –?)
* [[Tribhuvana Mahadevi III]] (widow of Sivakara III) ?
* Santikaradeva III (?)
* Subhakara V (?)
* [[Gauri Mahadevi]] (wife of Subhakara) (?)
* [[Dandi Mahadevi]] (daughter of Gauri) (c. 916 or 923 – ?)
* [[Vakula Mahadevi]] (stepmother of Dandi Mahadevi) (?)
* [[Dharma Mahadevi]] (widow of Santikaradeva) (?)

===The mandala states===
Between the 8th and 11th centuries, Odisha was divided into ''mandalas'' which were feudal states ruled by chieftains.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}} These chieftains swore allegiance to the Bhaumakaras. This period saw the rise of the [[Bhanja dynasty]].<ref>{{cite book | last=Sinha | first=S. | author2=Centre for Studies in Social Sciences | title=Tribal polities and state systems in pre-colonial eastern and north eastern India | publisher=Published for Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta, by K.P. Bagchi & Co. | year=1987 | isbn=978-81-7074-014-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S4E_AAAAMAAJ | access-date=2020-04-13 | page=44}}</ref><ref name="YoshÄ« 1983 p.53">{{cite book | last=YoshÄ« | first=A. | title=History & Culture of Khijjingakotta Under the Bhanjas | publisher=Vikas Publishing House | year=1983 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M5MeAAAAMAAJ | access-date=2020-04-13 | page=53| isbn=9780706914337 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Umakanta Subuddhi |chapter=Economic Life of Orissa under the Bhauma-Karas |editor=Nihar Ranjan Patnaik |title=Economic History of Orissa |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1AA9W9_4Z9gC&pg=PA32 |year=1997 |publisher=Indus |isbn=978-81-7387-075-0 }}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Bhanja Dynasty of Mayurbhanja and their ancient capital at Khiching |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.126590/page/n3/mode/2up |publisher=AD, Mayurbhanj |last=Chanda |first=Ramapradas |date=1929}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44140816 |publisher=Indian History Congress |last=Sahu |first=NK |title = The Bhanja Kings of Orissa|journal = Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|date=1956|volume = 19|pages = 130–131|jstor = 44140816}}</ref><ref>{{citation|last=Das Gupta|first=Charu Chandra|title=Some Notes on the Ādi-Bhañjas of Khijjiṅga Koṭṭa, Earlier Bhañjas of Khiñjali-Maṇḍala, Bhañjas of Bauda and Later Bhañjas of Khiñjali|journal=Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41694027|publisher=Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute|date=1931|volume=12|issue=3|pages=231–245|jstor=41694027}}</ref>

====[[Bhanja dynasty|Bhanjas]] of Khinjali mandala====
=====Early Bhanjas of Khinjali mandala=====
*Silabhanja I (8th cen CE)
*Satrubhanja (8th cen CE)
*Ranabhanja (9th cen CE)
*Netribhanja I (Nettabhanja I)
*Digbhanja
*Silabhanja II
*Vidyadharbhanja
*Nettabhanja II

=====Baudh Bhanjas of Khinjali mandala=====
*Solanabhanja
*Durjayabhanja
*Kanakabhanja

=====Later Bhanjas of Khinjali mandala=====
*Devabhaja
*Rayabhanja I
*Virabhanja
*Rayabhanja II
*Yasobhanja (12th cen CE)
*Jayabhanja (12th cen CE)
*Virabhanja II

====[[Bhanja dynasty|Bhanjas]] of Khijjinga mandala====
*Virabhadra Adi-Bhanja (8th cen CE)
*Kottabhanja
*Digbhanja
*Rajabanja
*Ranabhanja (924 CE Bamanghaty inscription)
*Narendrabhanja

====Sulkis of Kodalaka Mandala====
Kodalaka refers to the modern-day district of [[Dhenkanal district|Dhenkanal]].
* Kanchanastambha who was succeeded by his son Kalahastambha.<ref name="Patel 1991 p. 47">{{cite book | last=Patel | first=S.K. | title=Cultural history of early medieval Orissa: Åšulki rule | publisher=Sundeep Prakashan | year=1991 | isbn=978-81-85067-71-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hhFuAAAAMAAJ | access-date=2020-04-13 | page=47}}</ref>
* Ranastambha (c.839-?)<ref name="Patel 1991 p. 48">{{cite book | last=Patel | first=S.K. | title=Cultural history of early medieval Orissa: Åšulki rule | publisher=Sundeep Prakashan | year=1991 | isbn=978-81-85067-71-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hhFuAAAAMAAJ | access-date=2020-04-13 | page=48}}</ref>
* Jayasthambha
* Kulastambha II
Later, the ''mandala'' was divided into two parts, Yamagartta Mandala and Airavatta Mandala. The Bhaumas allowed the Tunga and the Nandodbhava families to rule over Yamagartta Mandala and Airavatta Mandala respectively.

====Tungas of Yamagartta Mandala====
The Mandala refers to the northern part of modern Dhenkanal district. Jayasimha was ruler of the mandala before the Tungas, he was not a member of the Tunga dynasty.
* Jayasimha (c. 864 )
* Khadaga Tunga
* Vinita Tunga
* Solana Tunga
* Gayada Tunga
* Apsara Deva.
It is not clearly known if Apsara Deva belonged to the Tunga family or not.

====Nandodbhavas of Airavatta Mandala====
This region extended over the territory comprising southern part of Dhenkanal district, some western portion of [[Cuttack]] district and almost the entire Nayagarh district.
* Jayananda
* Paramananda
* Sivananda
* Devananda I
* Devananda II (c. 920–?)
* Dhruvananda (c. 929–?)

====Mayuras of Banei Mandala====
This region roughly comprised the modern-day Banei sub-division and parts of Panposh subdivision of [[Sundergarh]] district.
* Udita Varsha
* Teja Varsha
* Udaya Varsha

====Gangas of Svetaka Mandala====
The capital of Svetaka known as Svetakapura has been identified with modern Chikiti.

* Jayavarma Deva
* Anantavarman
* Gangaka Vilasa
* Bhupendra Varman
* Mahendravarman
* Prithivarman
* Indravarman I
* Indravarman II
* Samantavarman (c. 909–921?)

===Somvanshi (Keshari) dynasty===
{{main|Somavamshi dynasty}}
The Soma or Kesari Dynasty originates in [[Kosala|South Kosala]], but by the reign of Yayati I, they controlled most of modern Orissa.<ref>{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Walter|title=The Mukteśvara Temple in Bhubaneswar|year=1994|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y0MQmNx8g2gC&q=Bhauma&pg=PA22|access-date=25 October 2012|page=24|isbn=9788120807938}}</ref>

* Janmejaya I (c. 882–992)<ref name="jagan">{{cite book|last=Das|first=Suryanarayan|title=Lord Jagannath: Through The Ages|year=2010|publisher=Sanbun Publishers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gFn8wSDfSxEC&q=yayati%20I&pg=PA181|access-date=25 October 2012|page=181|isbn=9789380213224}}</ref>
* Yayati I (c. 922–955)<ref name="jagan" />
* Bhimaratha (c. 955–80)
* Dharmarstha (c. 980–1005)
* Nahusa (c. 1005–1021)
* Indranatha (c. 1021–1025)
* Yayati II (c. 1025–1040)
* Udyotakesari (c. 1040–1065)
* Janmejaya II (c. 1065–1080)
* Puranjaya (c. 1080–1090)
* Karnadeva (c. 1090–1110)

Janmejaya, the predecessor of Karnadeva and the son of Janmejaya II,{{citation needed|date=November 2020}} was not considered a ruler by his successors, as he captured the throne in a violent coup and soon-after lost it.<ref name="jagan" />

=== Chindaka Naga dynasty ===
{{main|Chindaka Naga}}
The Chindaka Nagas are believed by certain historians to have arrived in the Chakrakota Mandala region (Bastar and Koraput) with the expedition of Rajendra Chola. The Telugu Chodas who invaded the region later, settled as their feudal rulers. This dynasty continued to rule the region till the thirteenth century with not many details known about their rulers excepting a few.<ref>{{cite web |first=Tara |last=Datt|title= Odisha District Gazetteers: Nabarangapur|url=https://nabarangpur.odisha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2023-07/Nabarangpur%20District%20Gazetteer.pdf|year=2016a |publisher=Gopabandhu Academy of Administration|location=Bhubaneshwar |page=41 }}</ref>

* Nrupati Bhushana (1023– ?)
* Jagadeka Bhushana or Dharavarsha
* Madhurantaka
* Somesvara
* Kanhara

===[[Eastern Ganga dynasty]]===
[[File:Konark Sun Temple Front view.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Narasimhadeva I]] built the [[Konark]] temple]]
Indravarman I is earliest known independent king of the dynasty. He is known from the Jirjingi copper plate grant.<ref name=govt/><ref name="Mirashi 1975 138"/>
* Mittavarman, a feudal Eastern Ganga king under Vakataka rule (c. ?–?)
*Indravarman I (c. ?–537?)<ref name="govt" />
* Samantavarman (c. 537–562)
* Hastivarman (c. 562–578)
* Indravarman II (c. 578–589)
* Danarnava (c. 589–652)
* Indravarman III (c. 589–652)
* Gunarnava (c. 652–682)
* Devendravarman I (c. 652–682?)
* Anantavarman III (c. 808–812?)
* Rajendravarman II (c. 812–840?)
* Devendravarman V (c. 885–895?)
* Gunamaharnava I (c. 895–939?)
* Vajrahasta II (or Anangabhimadeva I) (c. 895–939?)
* Gundama – (c. 939–942)
* Kamarnava I (c. 942–977)
* Vinayaditya (c. 977–980)
* Vajrahasta IV (c. 980–1015)
* Kamarnava II (c. 1015 – 6 months after)
* Gundama II (c. 1015–1038)
* Vajrahasta V (c. 1038–1070)
* Rajaraja Deva I (c. 1070–1077)
* [[Anantavarman Chodaganga]] (c. 1077–1147)
* Jatesvaradeva (c. 1147–1156)
* Raghava Deva (c. 1156–1170)
* Rajaraja Deva II (c. 1170–1190)
* Anangabhima Deva II (c. 1190–1198)
* Rajraja Deva III (c. 1198–1211)
* [[Anangabhima III|Anangabhima Deva]] III (c. 1211–1238)
* [[Narasimhadeva I|Narasimha Deva I]] (1238–1264)
* Bhanu Deva I (1264–1278)
* Narasimha Deva II (1279–1306)
* Bhanu Deva II (1306–1328)
* Narasimha Deva III (1328–1352)
* Bhanu Deva III (1352–1378)
* Narasimha Deva IV (1378–1414)
* Bhanu Deva IV (1414–1434)

==== Gudari Kataka Eastern Ganga rulers ====
According to Gangavansucharitam written in sixteenth or seventeenth century, Bhanu Deva IV also known as Kajjala Bhanu founded a new small princedom in southern Odisha at [[Gudari, Rayagada|Gudari]] in modern [[Rayagada district|Rayagada]] district after he was toppled from power by his general Kapilendra Deva.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/119409/15/15_chapter%206.pdf|title=The Historical Value of Gangavamsanucharita Champu|website=www.shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in|access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref>

* Kajjala Bhanu or Bhanu Deva IV
* Svarna Bhanu
* Kalasandha Deva
* Chudanga Deva
* Harimani Deva
* Narasimha Deva
* Ananta Deva
* Padmanabha Deva
* Pitambara Deva
* Vasudeva
* Purrushottama Anangabhima Deva or Bhima Deva

==== [[Parlakhemundi Ganga rulers]] ====
[[Parlakhemundi Ganga rulers|Parlakhemundi]] state rulers were the direct descendants of the Eastern Ganga dynasty rulers of Odisha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/p/parlakhimedi.html|title=PARLA KHIMEDI (Zamindari)|website=www.members.iinet.net.au|access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="GAJAPATI">{{cite web |first=Tara |last=Datt|title= Odisha District Gazetteers: Gajapati|url=https://gopabandhuacademy.gov.in/sites/default/files/gazetter/Gajapati_Gazetteer.pdf|year=2016b |publisher=Gopabandhu Academy of Administration|location=Bhubaneshwar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006083347/https://gopabandhuacademy.gov.in/sites/default/files/gazetter/Gajapati_Gazetteer.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2023 }}</ref>

* Narasingha Deba (1309–1320)
* Madanrudra Deba (1320–1339)
* Narayana Rudra Deba (1339–1353)
* Ananda Rudra Deba (1353–1354)
* Ananda Rudra Deba (1354–1367)
* Jayarudra Deba (1367–1399)
* Lakhsmi Narasingha Deba (1399–1418)
* Madhukarna Gajapati (1418–1441)
* Murtunjaya Bhanu Deba (1441–1467)
* Madhaba Bhanu Deba (1467–1495)
* Chandra Betal Bhanu Deba (1495–1520)
* Subarnalinga Bhanu Deba (1520–1550)
* Sibalinga Narayan Bhanudeo (1550–1568)
* Subarna Kesari Govinda Gajapati Narayan Deo (1568–1599)
* Mukunda Rudra Gajapati Narayan Deo (1599–1619)
* Mukunda Deo (1619–1638)
* Ananta Padmanabh Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1638–1648)
* Sarbajgan Jagannatha Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1648–1664)
* Narahari Narayan Deo (1664–1691)
* Bira Padmanabh Narayan Deo II (1691–1706)
* Prataprudra Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1706–1736)
* [[Jagannatha Gajapati Narayana Deo II]] (1736–1771)
* Goura Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1771–1803)
* Purushottam Gajapati Narayan Deo (1803–1806)
* Jagannath Gajapati Narayan Deo III (1806–1850)
* Prataprudra Gajapati Narayan Deo II (1850–1885)
* Goura Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo II (1885–1904)
* [[Krushna Chandra Gajapati|Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo]] (1913 – 25 May 1974)
* [[Gopinath Gajapati|Gopinath Gajapati Narayan Deo]] (25 May 1974 – 10 January 2020)
* [[Kalyani Gajpati|Kalyani Gajapati]] (10 January 2020–present)

==== Chikiti Ganga rulers ====

Historians conclude that the rulers of Chikiti were from the line of Ganga ruler Hastivarman.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Panda|first=Dr. Sanjay Kumar|title=Chiktira Sahitya O Sahityika|publisher=Sahitya Swetapadma|year=2014|isbn=978-93-80759-65-4|location=Bhubaneswar|pages=15–16|language=or|trans-title=Chikiti's literature & litterateurs}}</ref><ref>''Genealogical Table of the Zamindaras of Chikiti'', Chikiti Estate. Sachhidananda Rajendra Deba, 28 Nov 1928. Typed by A. Rama Murthi, Clerk, Chikiti Estate.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Three undiscussed zamindaries of colonial ganjam – some reflection on its origin & history|url=https://www.buodisha.edu.in/webadmin/public/upload/files/1681054952.pdf|website=buodisha.edu.in|publisher=Berhampur University|year=2021|access-date=28 September 2023}}</ref>

* Kesaba Rautara (Bira Karddama Singha Rautara) (881–940)
* Balabhadra Rautara (941–997)
* Madhaba Rautara (998–1059)
* Languli Rautara (1060–1094)
* Mohana Rautara (1095–1143)
* Balarama Rautara (1144–1197)
* Biswanatha Rautara (1198–1249)
* Harisarana Rautara (1250–1272)
* Raghunatha Rautara (1273–1313)
* Dinabandhu Rautara (1314–1364)
* Gopinatha Rautara (1365–1417)
* Ramachandra Rautara (1418–1464)
* Narayana Rautara (1465–1530)
* Narasingha Rautara (1531–1583)
* Lokanatha Rautara (1584–1633)
* Jadumani Rautara (1634–1691)
* Madhusudana Rajendra Deba (1692–1736)
* Kulamani Rajendra Deba (1737–1769)
* Krusnachandra Rajendra Deba (1770–1790)
* Pitambara Rajendra Deba (1791–1819)
* Gobindachandra Rajendra Deba (1820–1831)
* Kulamani Rajendra Deba (1832–1835)
* Brundabanachandra Rajendra Deba (1835–1846)
* Jagannatha Rajendra Deba (1847–1855)
* Biswambhara Rajendra Deba (1856–1885)
* Kisorachandra Rajendra Deba (1885–1903)
* Radhamohana Rajendra Deba (1903–1923) and (1934–1937)
* Gaurachandra Rajendra Deba (1923–1934)
* ''Court of Wards'' (1937–1945)
* [[Sachhidanand Narayan Deb|Sachhidananda Rajendra Deba]] (1945–1947)

==== Gadapur Ganga Estate ====
History of the Gadapur Royal Family
Historians conclude that the Ganga rulers of Gadapur were from the line of Sanakhemundi Ganga Family, and close relation with chikiti Royal family,
The Gadapur Zamindari family traces its origin to the royal lineage of Sanakhemundi Rajya. During the reign of Aadhi Kandha Deba, his two sons were set to inherit the throne, which created tensions and the possibility of conflict. To prevent a war, the nearby branches of the family — Parlakhemundi and Badakhemundi — intervened and settled lands for the two sons, who were cousins of these lines. Consequently, the Sanakhemundi State was divided: the elder son retained the native Sanakhemundi region, while the younger son, Thata-Raja Raghunath Deba, established his estate in the hilly regions of Kandhamal, founding the Gadapur Zamindari.

Under British rule, this estate became known as the 14 Koss Zamindari, extending from Surada Rajya to Tumerbinda Patra Rajya, and emerged as one of the major estates in the Kandhamal region. The Gadapur rulers were renowned as Maladhipatis (Lords of the Tribals), exercising significant influence and responsibility over tribal communities. Remarkably, the Zamindari system in Gadapur continued until 1995, surviving even after the official abolition of Zamindari in 1951, reflecting the enduring legacy and respect commanded by the family.

* Thatraj Saheb Raghunath Deba (1840-1899)
* Thatraj Saheb Surjya Narayan Deba (1899-1917)
* Thatraj Saheb Kishore-Chandra Deba (1917-1928)
* Thatraj Saheb Brindaban Deba (younger son of Surjya Narayan Deba) (1928-1940)
* Thatraj Saheb Rajiblochan Deo (Elder & Successor son of Kishore Chandra) (1940-2003)
* Thatraj Saheb Nalinikantha Deo (Titular King) (2003-2020)
* Thatraj Saheb Khirod Chandra Deo, (Titular & Current Rajha from 2020)

=== Naga dynasty of Kalahandi ===
{{main|Kalahandi State}}
* Raghunath Sai (1005–1040 AD)
* Pratap Narayan Deo (1040–1072 AD)
* Birabar Deo (1072–1108 AD)
* Jugasai Deo I (1108–1142 AD)
* Udenarayan Deo (1142–1173 AD)
* Harichandra Deo (1173–1201 AD)
* Ramachandra Deo (1201–1234 AD)
* Gopinath Deo (1234–1271 AD)
* Balabhadra Deo (1271–1306 AD)
* Raghuraj Deo (1306–1337 AD)
* Rai Singh Deo I (1337–1366 AD)
* Haria Deo (1366–1400 AD)
* Jugasai Deo II (1400–1436 AD)
* Pratap Narayan Deo II (1436–1468 AD)
* Hari Rudra Deo (1468–1496 AD)
* Anku Deo (1496–1528 AD)
* Pratap Deo (1528–1564 AD)
* Raghunath Deo (1564–1594 AD)
* Biswambhar Deo (1594–1627 AD)
* Rai Singh Deo II (1627–1658 AD)
* Dusmant Deo (1658–1693 AD)
* Jugasai Deo III (1693–1721 AD)
* Khadag Rai Deo (1721–1747 AD)
* Rai Singh Deo III (1747–1771 AD)
* Purusottam Deo (1771–1796 AD)
* Jugasai Dei IV (1796–1831 AD)
* Fate Narayan Deo (1831–1853 AD)
* Udit Pratap Deo I (1853–1881 AD)
* Raghu Keshari De (1894–1897 AD)
* [[Court of Wards (India)|Court of Wards]] (1897–1917 AD)
* Brajamohan Deo (1917–1939 AD)
* Pratap Keshari Deo (1939–1947 AD until the merger with Orissa state)

=== Silavamsa rulers of Nandapur ===
{{main|Jeypore Estate}}
The Machkund or Matsyakund River<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=onQtAAAAMAAJ|title=The Deccan Geographer Volume 7|page=49|publisher=The Deccan Geographical Society|asin=B000ITU2M4|asin-tld=uk|year=1969|location=Secunderabad }}</ref> (also called [[Sileru River]] in Andhra Pradesh) formed the border between the Silavamsa dynasty of Nandpur and the Matsya dynasty of Odda-Adi in [[Madugula]]. The Silavamsa and Matsya family were connected by matrimonial alliances{{sfn|Devi|1933|loc= [https://www.wisdomlib.org/south-asia/book/the-history-of-andhra-country/d/doc219962.html Part 37: Gangaraju (A.D. 1427-1435)]}} and the Vaddadi kingdom of Matsya family was eventually destroyed by [[Krishna Deva Raya]] and absorbed into the Nandapur Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web |first=Tara |last=Datt|title= Odisha District Gazetteers: Rayagada|url=https://gopabandhuacademy.gov.in/sites/default/files/gazetter/Rayagada_Gazetteer.pdf|year=2016c |publisher=Gopabandhu Academy of Administration|location=Bhubaneshwar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320002354/https://gopabandhuacademy.gov.in/sites/default/files/gazetter/Rayagada_Gazetteer.pdf|archive-date=20 March 2022|page=32 }}</ref>

* Ganga Raja (1353–??)
* Viswanadha Raja or Bhairava Raja
* Pratap Ganga Raja (??–1443)

The Silavamsa king Pratap Ganga Raja died without any male heir, only leaving behind his wife and daughter Lilavati. Lilavati married Vinayak Dev, the ruler of [[Gudari, Rayagada|Gudari]] and he became the ruler of Nandapur after Pratap Ganga Raja's death.<ref>{{cite web|first1=Tara |last1=Datt|last2=Senapati|first2=Nilamani|last3=Sahu|first3=Nabin Kumar|url=https://koraput.odisha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2023-07/Koraput%20Gazetteer%20New.pdf|title=Odisha District Gazetteers: Koraput|publisher=Gopabandhu Academy of Administration|year=2016|location=Bhubaneshwar |page=59 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Devi|first=Yashoda|url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/south-asia/book/the-history-of-andhra-country|title=The history of Andhra country (1000 AD - 1500 AD)|chapter=Chapter XIII - The Dynasties in South Kalinga: Part 40|chapter-url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/south-asia/book/the-history-of-andhra-country/d/doc219965.html|year=1933|isbn=81-212-0438-0|publisher=Gyan Publishing House}}</ref> [[Vishwanath Dev Gajapati]] transferred his capital to [[Rayagada]]. During his reign Shri Chaitanya migrated southward and they adopted the title of "Nauna Gajapati". In 1540 CE, after the death of Prataparudra Deva he declared himself Gajapati, but later accepted the suzerainty of [[Govinda Vidyadhara]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Indrajit |last=Mohanty |title= Jeypore - A Historical Perspective|url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2013/jun/engpdf/70-72.pdf |year=2013 |publisher= Government of Odisha State |page=3 }}</ref>{{sfn|Datt|Senapati|Sahu|2016|p=39}} He consolidated his kingdom but by 1550 lost the regions between Krishna and Godavari to [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]]. After his death in 1571, [[Ibrahim Qutb Shah]] invaded the kingdom and incorporated their territories into Golconda Sultanate.<ref name=EB1911>{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Circar |volume=6 |page=380}}</ref>

* Vinayak Dev (1443–1476)
* Vijay Chandra or Vijaychandraksha Dev(1476–1510)
* Bhairav Dev (1510–1527)
* [[Vishwanath Dev Gajapati]] (1527–1571)

=== Early Chauhan rulers ===
This Rajput dynasty had arrived from Mainpuri or Garh Sambhor amidst a conflict with the Muslim rulers of Delhi around 13th or 14th century. The founder Ramai Deva was still in the womb of his mother when his father was murdered by the Yavanas and she fled to the hilly and forest terrains of western Odisha to seek refuge. The early 17th-century works by the Poet Gangadhar Mishra (a descendant of the famous Sanskrit poet Sambhukara from Puri) known as [[Kosalananda Kavya|Kosalananda]] and early 18th-century work by the Chauhan king Vaijala Deva known as Probodha Chandrika and [[Jaya Chandrika|Jayachandrika]] give detailed descriptions about their origins and foundation of the state first at Patna and then Sambalpur.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/18699/6/06_chapter%201.pdf|title=Pattern of state formation: The case of Sambalpur |website=www.shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in|access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref>

Ramai Deva was first adopted by a local priest or Brahmin chief known as Chakradhara Panigrahi who provided shelter and refuge to his fleeing mother during her pregnancy. Ramai Deva later won over other local chiefs and established the Patna state. He married the daughter of the Eastern Ganga King Bhanudeva III

==== Patna (Bolangir) ====
{{main|Patna State}}
*[[Ramai Deva]] (1360–1380)
*Mahalinga Deva (1380–1385)
*Vatsaraja Deva (1385–1410)
*Vaijala Deva I (1410–1430)
*Bhojaraj Deva (1430–1455)
*Pratap Rudra Deva I (1455–1480)
*Bhupal Deva I (1480–1500)
*Vikramaditya Deva I (1500–1520)
*Vaijal Deva II (1520–1540)
*Bajra Hiradhara Deva (1540–1570)
*Narsingh Deva (1570–1577)
*Hamir Deva (1577–1581)
*Pratap Deva II (1581–1620)
*Vikramaditya Deva II (1620–1640)
*Mukunda Deva (1640–1670)
*Balaram Deva (1670–1678)
*Hrdesha Deva (1678–1685)
*Rai Singh Deva (1685–1762)
*Prithviraj Deva (1762–1765)
*Ramchandra Singh Deo I (1765–1820)
*Bhupal Singh Deo (1820–1848)
*Hiravajra Singh Deo (1848–1866)
*Pratap Singh Deo (1866–1878)
*Ramchandra Singh Deo II (1878–1895)
*Lal Dalganjan Singh Deo (1895–1910)
*Prithviraj Singh (1910–1924)
*[[Rajendra Narayan Singh Deo]] (1924–1948)

==== Sambalpur ====
{{main|Sambalpur State}}
*[[Balarama Deva]] (1570 – 1595 CE)
*Hrdayanarayana Deva (1595–1605)
*Balabhadra Deva (1605–1630)
*Madhukar Deva (1630–1660)
*Baliara Deva (1650–1688)
*Ratan Singh (1688–1690)
*Chhatra Sai (1690–1725)
*Ajit Singh (1725–1766)
*Abhaya Singh (1766–1778)
*Balabhadra Singh (1778–1781)
*Jayanta Singh (1781–1818)
*Maharaj Sai (1820–1827)
*Rani Mohan Kumari (f) (1827–1833)
*Narayan Singh (1833–1849)
*[[Surendra Sai]] (in rebellion) (1857–1862)

=== Bahubalendra Chalukya ===

The Bahubalendra Chalukya dynasty, traces its ancestry to the Eastern Chalukyas of Rajahmundry, a powerful dynasty that ruled parts of South India between the 7th and 12th centuries. The dynasty’s spiritual and dynastic lineage is linked to divine origins—stemming from the sage Atri and Pururavas, leading to the Pandavas of the Mahabharata, particularly Arjuna, and continuing through his son Abhimanyu and descendant Vishnuvardhana, the progenitor of the Eastern Chalukyas. From this illustrious line, Vijayaditya, son of Kulottunga I and Chandambika Devi, founded the independent Chalukya kingdom of Elamanchili around 1175 CE. Over time, his descendants, known as the Chalukyas of Elamanchili, ruled parts of modern-day Andhra and Odisha, particularly in the Vizagapatam and Godavari districts. Despite recognizing the suzerainty of the Eastern Gangas, they remained mostly independent and were known for military resilience and cultural patronage. As time passed, a northern branch of the Elamanchili Chalukyas migrated and established themselves in Machamara village (now in Odisha), giving rise to the Bahubalendra Chalukyas of Machamara. Their royal insignia—a wild boar holding a sword, flanked by the sun and half-moon—symbolized their divine protection, strength, and enduring sovereignty.

'''Rulers'''
* Rajha Sarvaloksrya Vimaladitya
* Rajha Sarvaloksrya Rajanarendra Chola-Chalukya
* Rajha Sarvaloksrya Kulottunga Chola-Chalukya
* Rajha Vijayaditya Chola-Chalukya
* Rajha Mallavadeva Chola
* Rajha Upendra Bhupati I
* Rajha Kopparaja Bhupati
* Rajha Mana Bhupati
* Rajha Visveswara Bhupati
* Rajha Nagendra Bhupati
* Rajha Kumar-Yarrama Bhupati
* Rajha Singharaja Deva Rai Mahapatra
'''*''' Rajkumar Sridharajanarendra '''*''' Rajkumar Sarvaraja (secondary lineage)
* Rajha Sridharajanarendra Deva Rai Mahapatra
* Rajha Bahubalendra Gajapati Narasimha Deva Rai
* Rajha Bahubalendra Mukunda-Raj Deva Rai (Mukunda-raj lost their ancestral territory to Golconda Qutab Quli Saha)
* Bahubalendra Ananta Narayana Deva Rai {Migrated to Machamara due to political instability (in-present day, Near Parlakhemundi, Gajapati)}
* Bahubalendra Gaurava Deva Rai
* Bahubalendra Padmanabha Deva Rai
* Bahubalendra Sarangadhara Deva Rai
* Bahubalendra Visvanatha Deva Rai
* Bahubalendra Bankini DevaRai Samanta (Granted Village-Batisiripur Mandal from Gajapati Jagannatha Narayana Deba)
* Bahubalendra Dayanidhi Deva Rai Samanta
* Bahubalendra Laxmipati Deva Rai Samanta
* Bahubalendra Krushna Chandra Deva Rai Samanta
* Bahubalendra Devendra Deva Rai Samanta
* Bahubalendra Chandrasekhar Rai Samanta,(He adopted by his aunt, Rani Chandramani Patta Maha devi of Madugulu Estate)
* Bahubalendra Krushna Chandra Deo
* Bahubalendra Biranchi Narayana Deo, (Current Head Of Family)

==Medieval period==

===[[Gajapati Empire]] or Routray dynasty===
Source:<ref>{{Cite book|title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History|last=Sen|first=Sailendra|publisher=Primus Books|year=2013|isbn=978-9-38060-734-4|pages=121–122}}</ref>
* [[Kapilendradeva|Kapilendra Deva]] (1435–67)
* [[Purushottama Deva]] (1467–97)
* [[Hamvira Deva]] (Defacto Gajapati of Southern territories of the Gajapati Empire 1472-76)
* [[Prataprudra Deva|Prataparudra Deva]] (1497–1540)
* Ramachandra Deva
* Purushottam Deva

Govinda Vidyadhara, the general of Prataparudra, killed Prataparudra's remaining sons in c. 1541 and began the [[Bhoi dynasty]].<ref name="Reddy 2005 page=B-32">{{harvnb|Reddy|2005|page=B-32}}</ref><ref name=jagan/>

===Early [[Bhoi dynasty]]===
* [[Govinda Vidyadhara]] (1541–1548)<ref name=helle>{{cite book|last=Bundgaard|first=Helle|title=Indian Art Worlds in Contention: Local, Regional and National Discourses on Orissan Patta Paintings|year=1998|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=royx-12WRiwC&q=%22Govinda%20Vidyadhara%22&pg=PA72|page=72|isbn=9780700709861}}</ref>
* Chakrapratapa (1548–1557)<ref name="gazetteer">{{cite book|first=L.S.S. |last=O'Malley|title=Bengal District Gazetteer : Puri|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pwD0-YV2LCYC&pg=PA30|access-date=2 December 2012|date=1 January 2007|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-7268-138-8|pages=30–}}</ref>
* Narasimha Ray Jena (1557–1558)<ref>{{Cite book |last=India) |first=Asiatic Society (Kolkata |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JFoyAQAAMAAJ&dq=govinda+vidyadhara+writer&pg=PA187 |title=Journal |date=1901 |language=en}}</ref>
* Raghuram Ray Chotaraya (1558–1560)<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kYhKAQAAIAAJ&q=Chotraya |title=Cultural Heritage of [Orissa]: pts. 1–2. Katak |date=2002 |publisher=State Level Vyasakabi Fakir Mohan Smruti Samsad |isbn=978-81-902761-5-3 |language=en}}</ref>

Bhoi dynasty was short-lived but during their reign, Orissa came into conflicts with the [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|invaders from Golconda]]. After being deposed by Mukunda Deva, the dynasty shifts its power centre to Khurda where they continue as Rajas of Khurda.

===[[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern Chalukya dynasty]] of Mukunda Deva===
[[Mukunda Deva]] who traced his descent from the Eastern Chalukyas of [[Vengi]]<ref name="Patnaik1989">{{cite book|author=Durga Prasad Patnaik|title=Palm Leaf Etchings of Orissa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=90_qAeMT1bwC&pg=PA4|year=1989|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-248-2|pages=4–}}</ref> rebelled and killed the last two successors of the Bhoi dynasty and declared himself an independent ruler in 1559 but [[Sulaiman Khan Karrani]] formed a kingdom in the region of Bengal which proved a potential threat to Mukunda Deva.{{sfn|O'Malley|2007|p=30}}
* [[Mukunda Deva]] (1560–68)<ref name="Reddy 2005 page=B-32"/><ref>{{citation |title=HISTORY OF ODISHA FROM 1435 TO 1803 AD) |publisher=DDCE Utkal University |url=http://ddceutkal.ac.in/Syllabus/MA_history/Paper-17.pdf |author=Manas Kumar Das |date= }}</ref>

==Post-medieval period==

===Karranis of Bengal===
Instigated by Mukunda Deva's alliance with [[Akbar]], Sulaiman's army led by [[Kalapahad]] invaded Orissa in 1568. The Karranis of Bengal had control over much of Northern Odisha coast above Cuttack, the [[Bhoi dynasty]] ruled over Khordha, the [[Orissa Tributary States|Garhjat Kings]] had control over much of the interior regions of Odisha and the Southern Odisha coast including [[Northern Circars]] became a part of [[Golconda Sultanate]] in 1572.
* [[Sulaiman Khan Karrani]] (1568–1572)
* [[Bayazid Khan Karrani]] (1572)
* [[Daud Khan Karrani]] (1572–12 July 1576)
In the [[Battle of Tukaroi]], which took place in modern-day [[Balasore]], Daud was defeated and retreated deep into Orissa. The battle led to the '''Treaty of Katak''' in which Daud ceded the whole of [[Bengal]] and [[Bihar]], retaining only [[Odisha]].<ref name="India 1889" /> The treaty eventually failed after the death of [[Munim Khan]] (governor of Bengal and Bihar) who died at the age of 80. Sultan Daud Khan took the opportunity and invaded Bengal. This would lead to the Battle of Raj Mahal in 1576.<ref name="India 1889">The History of India: The Hindú and Mahometan Periods By Mountstuart Elphinstone, Edward Byles Cowell, Published by J. Murray, 1889, [Public Domain]</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The History of India: The Hindú and Mahometan Periods (Public Domain)|year=1866|publisher=Murray|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1VgOAAAAQAAJ|author=Mountstuart Elphinstone, Edward Byles Cowell}}</ref><ref name="ODISHA">{{citation |title=HISTORY OF ODISHA FROM 1435 TO 1803 AD |publisher=DDCE Utkal University |url=http://ddceutkal.ac.in/Syllabus/MA_history/Paper-17.pdf |author=Manas Kumar Das |date= }}</ref>

===[[Qutb Shahi dynasty]]===
[[Ibrahim Qutb Shah]] invaded South Odisha coast in 1572 and Balaram Dev of Jeypore accepted his suzerainty. In 1604 Mukunda Bahubalendra, a relative of Mukunda Deva who was ruling from [[Rajahmundry]] raised a revolt but was defeated.{{sfn|Datt|2016b|p=54}}
* [[Ibrahim Qutb Shah]] (1572-1580)
* [[Muhammad Qutb Shah]] (1580-1612)
* [[Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah]] (1612-1626)
* [[Abdullah Qutb Shah]] (1626-1672)
* [[Tana Shah]] (1672-1686)

===[[Mughal Empire]]===
* Qutlu Khan Lohani (former officer of Daud Khan Karrani, ruler of coastal Northeastern Orissa and south Bengal) (1576–1590)<ref name=indica/>
* Nasir Khan (son of Qutlu Khan, Mughal [[vassal]]) (1590–1592)
* [[Man Singh I]] (Mughal [[Subahdar]]) (1592–1606)

Man Singh I attacked Nasir Khan when the later broke a treaty by attacking the temple town of [[Puri]]. Orissa was annexed into the Bengal ''subah'' (province).The Mughal rule was weak in the region, this allowed local chieftains to somewhat enjoy a semi-independence.<ref name="ODISHA" />

===[[Nawab of Bengal]]===
By 1717, with the weakening of [[Mughal Empire]] following [[Mughal–Maratha Wars]] in which the Marathas became the dominant power in the subcontinent, the [[Bhoi dynasty]] of Khurda kingdom and the semi-autonomous Garhjat kings of Odisha became independent of the Mughal sovereign authority, while the Nawabs of Bengal retained control over the Northern coast of Odisha from Cuttack to Subarnarekha river until the region was finally conquered by the [[Maratha Empire]] starting from the invasion in 1741 by 1751.<ref name="ODISHA" />
* [[Murshid Quli Khan]] (Nawab of Bengal) (1717–1727)
* [[Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan|Shuja-ud-Din]] (Nawab of Bengal) (1727–1739)
* [[Sarfaraz Khan]] (Nawab of Bengal) (1727 and 1739–1740)
* [[Alivardi Khan]] (Nawab of Bengal) (1740–1751)

The Nawabs of Bengal controlled the Northern Odisha coast from Cuttack to Subarnarekha river which was conquered by the Marathas and eventually ceded following the peace treaty in 1751.<ref name="ODISHA" />

===[[Maratha Empire]]===
The [[Maratha Empire]] general, [[Raghoji I Bhonsle]] of the [[Nagpur kingdom]] led the Maratha expeditions in Bengal in 1741 which extended Maratha control over Odisha and signed a treaty with Alivardi Khan in 1751, ceding the perpetuity of [[Cuttack]] up to the river [[Subarnarekha River|Suvarnarekha]] to the Marathas.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sen|first=Sailendra Nath |title=An Advanced History of Modern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bXWiACEwPR8C&pg=PA1941-IA82|year=2010|page=15|publisher=Macmillan India|isbn=978-0-230-32885-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Jadunath|title=Fall of the Mughal Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gKOqA9lgtbwC|edition=4th Vol. I|year=1991|publisher=Orient Longman|isbn=978-81-250-1149-1|author-link=Jadunath Sarkar}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Jaques|first1=Tony|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F-O|date=2007|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]]|isbn=9780313335389|page=516|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dh6jydKXikoC&pg=PA516|language=en}}</ref><ref name=govt/>
* [[Raghoji I Bhonsle]] (Maratha general of Nagpur) (1751–1755)
* Janoji Bhonsle (1755–1772)
* [[Mudhoji Bhonsle]] (1772–1788)
* [[Raghoji II Bhonsle]] (1788–1803)

====Maratha administrators====
* Mir Habib (1751–1752)<ref>{{cite book | last=Sengupta | first=N. | title=Land of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to Mujib | publisher=Penguin Books Limited | year=2011 | isbn=978-81-8475-530-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TI8GQioaoL4C&pg=PT156 | page=156}}</ref>
* Mirza Saleh (1752–1759)
* Seo Bhatt Sathe (1760–1764)<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44304469|author=Bhabani Charan Ray| title=Sheo Bhatt Sathe in Orissa |date=1957|publisher=Indian History Congress|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress| volume=20 | pages=229–235 | jstor=44304469 }}</ref><ref name="madalapanji">{{cite book|author=Narayan Miśra|title=Annals and Antiquities of the Temple of Jagannātha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WKUkLzqNv64C&pg=PA156|access-date=10 February 2013|date=1 January 2007|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=978-81-7625-747-3|page=156}}</ref>
* Bhawani Pandit (1764–1768)
* Sambhaji Ganesh (1768–1770)
* Babuji Naik (1770–1773)
* Madhaji Hari (1773–1777)
* Rajaram Pandit (1778–1793)
* Sadashiv Rao (1793–1803)

=== Later [[Bhanja dynasty]] states ===
==== Mayurbhanj ====
{{main|Mayurbhanj State}}
*Adi Bhanj (?Adi Bhanj II of the Bhanj dynasty) (12th cen CE)
*...
*Savesvara Bhanj Deo (1688–1711)
*Viravikramaditya Bhanj Deo (1711–1728)
*Raghunath Bhanj Deo (1728–1750)
*Chakradhar Bhanj Deo (1750–1761)
*Damodar Bhanj Deo (1761–1796)
*Rani Sumitra Devi (f) – Regent of Mayurbhanj (1796–1810)
*Rani Jamuna Devi (f) – Regent of Mayurbhanj (1810–1813)
*Tribikram Bhanj Deo (1813–1822)
*Jadunath Bhanj Deo (1822–1863)
*Shrinath Bhanj Deo (1863–1868)
*Krishna Chandra Bhanj Deo (1868 – 29 May 1882)
*[[Sriram Chandra Bhanj Deo]] (29 May 1882 – 22 February 1912)
*Purna Chandra Bhanj Deo (22 February 1912 – 21 April 1928)
*Pratap Chandra Bhanj Deo (21 Apr 1928 – 1 January 1948)

==== Keonjhar ====
{{main|Keonjhar State}}
*Jyoti Bhanj (12th cen CE)
*...
*Jagannath Bhanj (1688–1700)
*Raghunath Bhanj (1700–1719)
*Gopinath Bhanj (1719–1736)
*Narsingh Narayan Bhanj (1736–1757)
*Daneswar Narayan Bhanj (1757–1758)
*Jagateswar Narayan Bhanj (1758–1762)
*Pratap Balbhadra Bhanj (1762–1794)
*Janardan Bhanj (1794–1825)
*Gadadhar Narayan Bhanj Deo (1825 – 22 March 1861)
*Dhanurjai Narayan Bhanj Deo (4 September 1861 – 27 October 1905)
*Gopinath Narayan Bhanj Deo (27 Oct 1905 – 12 August 1926)
*Balbhadra Narayan Bhanj Deo (12 Aug 1926 – 1 January 1948)

==== Nilgiri ====
{{main|Nilgiri State}}
*Narayan Singh Bhujang Mandhata Birat Basant Harichandan (1521–1564)
*...
*Ram Chandra Mardraj Harichandan (1797–1832)
*Govind Chandra Mardraj Harichandan (1832–1833)
*Chira Devi – [[Queen regnant|Rani]] (1833–1843)
*Krishna Chandra Mardraj Harichandan (1843–1893)
*Shyam Chandra Mardraj Harichandan (1893-6 Jul 1913) (from the [[Bhanj dynasty]] of [[Mayurbhanj State]])
*Kishor Chandra Mardraj Harichandan (6 July 1913 – 1 January 1948)

==== Baudh ====
{{main|Baudh State}}
The Baudh princely state had gradually become a small state after it had ceded away large sways of territories in the west and south to the Chauhans of Sambalpur and Daspalla region in Nayagarh which became a separate Bhanja princely state later.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/b/baudh.html|title=Baudh (Princely State)|website=www.members.iinet.net.au|access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref>

*Ananga Bhanja (Ananga Deba) (14th cen CE)
*...
*Siddhabhanja Deba (Siddheswar Deba) (1640s)
*Pratap Deba
*Bswambhar Deba (1778–1817)
*Chandrasekhar Deba (1817–1839)
*Pitamber Deo (1839-5 October 1879)
*Jogendra Deo (5 October 1879 – 1913)
*Narayan Prasad Deo (1913-1 January 1948)

==== Daspalla ====
{{main|Daspalla State}}
The Daspalla Bhanja state was established by Sal Bhanja from the territories gifted to his father Narayan Bhanja Deo by his brother, the ruler of Baudh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/d/daspalla.html|title=Daspalla(Princely State)|website=www.members.iinet.net.au|access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref>

*Naren Bhanja (1498 CE)
*...
*Chakradhar Deo Bhanja (1653–1701)
*Padmanav Deo Bhanja (1701–1753)
*Trilochan Deo Bhanja (1753–1775)
*Makunda Bhank Deo Bhanja (1775–1795)
*Guri Charan Deo Bhanja (1795–1805)
*Krishna Chanda Deo Bhanja (1805–1845)
*Madhusudan Deo Bhanja (1845–1861)
*Narsimha Deo Bhanja (1861–1873)
*Chaitan Deo Bhanja (1873–19 April 1897)
*Narayan Deo Bhanja (19 April 1897 – 11 Dec 1913)
*Kishor Chandra Deo Bhanja (11 December 1913 – 1 January 1948)

=== Later Chauhan rulers ===

==== Sonepur ====
{{main|Sonepur State}}
The territory of Sonepur was procured by the Chauhans of Sambalpur from the Bhanja kings of Baudh.

*Madan Gopal (1650 – 1680 CE)
*Lal Sai Deo (1680–1689)
*Purusottam Deo (1689–1709)
*Raj Singh Deo (1709–1729)
*Achal Singh Deo (1729–1749)
*Divya Singh Deo (1749–1766)
*Jarawar Singh Deo (1766–1767)
*Sobha Singh Deo (1767–1781)
*Prithvi Singh Deo (1781–1841)
*Niladhar Singh Deo (1841 – 11 September 1891)
*Pratap Rudra Singh (11 September 1891 – 8 August 1902)
*Bir Mitrodaya Singh Deo (8 August 1902 – 29 April 1937)
*Sudhansu Shekhar Singh Deo (29 April 1937 – 1 January 1948)

==== Khariar ====
The third branch of Chauhan rulers descended in the line of Patna's Ramai Deva started their separate rule from [[Khariar]] in the seventeenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/k/khariar.html|title=Khariar (Zamindari)|website=www.members.iinet.net.au|access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref>

* Gopal Rai (1600–1625)
* Ramsai Deo I
* Padman Rai
* Vishnu Rai
* Ghansi Rai Deo
* Gopinath Sai Deo
* Ramsai Deo II
* Balabhadra Sai
* Prataprudra Singh (1793–1818)
* Ratan Singh Deo (1818–1835)
* Sudarsan Singh Deo (1835–1849)
* Krishna Chandra Singh Deo (1849–1867)
* Padma Singh Deo (1867–1889)
* Brajraj Singh Deo (1889–1907)
* Vir Vikram Singh Deo (1907–1913)
* Artatran Singh Deo (1913–1946)
* Anup Singh Deo (1946 – until accession)

=== Later Nandapur-Jeypore rulers ===
{{main|Jeypore Estate}}
After the death of Vishwanath Dev in 1571 the [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Qutb Shahis]] militarily encroached the eastern parts of the kingdom lying adjacent to [[Bay of Bengal]] which made Balaram Dev accept the suzerainty of Golconda.{{sfn|Datt|2016a|p=43 }}

Aurangzeb conquered Golconda in 1687 and the Circars along with the Jeypore Kingdom were annexed to the extensive empire of [[Aurangzeb]].<ref name=EB1911/> The successor of Raghunath Krishna Dev proved to be an inefficient ruler and as a result lost the vast territory of [[Northern Circars]] to their minister Viziaram Raz who formed the [[Vizianagaram State]], who also adopted the title of Gajapati. However, the kings of Jeypore continued to rule their decreased kingdom independently until the advent of the British in 1777. The British destroyed the fort of Jeypore and granted them a demoted status of a [[Zamindari]].{{sfn|Datt|Senapati|Sahu|2016|p=40-50 }}

* Balaram Dev (1571–1597)
* Yashasvana Dev (1597–1637)
* Krishna Raj Dev (1637)
* Veer Vikram Dev (1637–1669)
* Krishna Dev (1669–1672)
* Vishwambhara Dev I (1672–1676)
* Mallakimardhana Krishna Dev (1676–1681)
* Hari Dev (1681–1684)
* Balaram Dev II (1684–1686)
* Raghunath Krishna Dev (1686–1708)
* Ramchandra Dev I (1708–1711)
* Balaram Dev III (1711–1713)
* Vishwambhara Dev II (1713–1752)
* Lal Krishna Dev (1752–1758)
* [[Vikram Dev I]] (1758–1781)
* Ramchandra Dev II (1781–1825)
* Vikram Dev II (1825–1860)
* Ramchandra Dev III (1860–1889)
* [[Vikram Dev III]] (1889–1920)
* Ramchandra Dev IV (1920–1931)
* [[Vikram Deo Verma|Vikram Dev IV]] (1931–1951)

===Later [[Bhoi dynasty]]===
====Khurda====
After 1576 following the wars between the Afghans and Mughals which ended with the victory of the Mughals, and with the advent of Mughal rule in Odisha in 1592, the centre of power of Bhoi dynasty had shifted from [[Cuttack]] to [[Khurda]]. They continue to remain as vassal of the Mughal empire from 1592 until 1717 and later under the Maratha empire from 1741 until they were eventually ceded to the British empire under the control of the British East India Company in 1803 following the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]] with the signing of the Treaty of Deogaon.<ref name=govt2>{{cite web|title=History|url=https://khordha.nic.in/history/|publisher=Government of Orissa|access-date=2 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=KINGS WITHOUT A KINGDOM: THE RAJAS OF KHURDA AND THE JAGANNATHA CULT |publisher=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, Vol. 4, 1 (1974): S. 60 – 77 |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/83630298.pdf |author=Herman Kulke |date=1974 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |publisher=JSTOR |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44147183 |author=Shishir Kumar Panda |title=Gajapati Kingship and the Cult of Jagannatha: A Study on the Chhamu Chitaus (Royal Letters) |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |date=2008 |volume=69 |pages=225–229 |jstor=44147183 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=The Traditional Role of Gajapati Maharaja in Shri Jagannath Temple |publisher=Orissa Review |url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2011/july/engpdf/27-30.pdf |author=Bhaskar Mishra |date=July 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=The Legitimacy of the Maharaja of Puri Relating to Feudatories and the Car Festival |publisher=Odisha Review |url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2012/June/engpdf/40-43.pdf |author=Abhimanyu Dash |date=June 2012 }}</ref><ref name="CROSSROADS">{{citation |title=KINGDOM AT THE CROSSROADS: GEOPOLITICS OF KHURDA KINGDOM IN EARLY MODERN ORISSA |publisher=Journal of South Asian Studies |url=https://www.academia.edu/11786306 |author=Brundaban Mishra |date=3 January 2015 }}</ref>

* [[Ramachandra Deva I]] (Abhinav Indradyumna) (1568–1600)<ref>{{citation |title=Gajapati Rama Chandra Dev I as Abhinav Indradyumna |publisher=Odisha Review |url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2017/April/engpdf/Gajapati_Rama_Chandra_Dev.pdf |author=Bhaskar Mishra |date=April 2017 }}</ref>
* Purusottam Deva (1600–1621)
* Narasingha Deva (1621–1647)
* Balabhadra Deva (1647–1657)
* Mukunda Deva I (1657–1689)
* Divyasingha Deva I (1689–1716)
* Harekrushna Deva (1716–1720)
* Gopinath Deva (1720–1727)
* Ramachandra Deva II (1727–1736)
* Birakesari Deva I (Bhagirathi Deva) (1736–1793)
* Divyasingha Deva II (1793–1798)
* Mukundeva Deva II (1798–1804) (''titular till 1809'')

The Rajas of Khurda continued to rule the region well into the early 1800s but by then their power had diminished. Then the Raja of Khurda along with other local chieftain led a series of rebellions against the British which was suppressed in 1804 and the kingdom was annexed by the British. The Raja of Khurda was exiled but later reinstated and shifted to Puri in 1809.<ref>{{citation |title=Kings without a kingdom: The rajas of Khurda and the Jagannatha cult |publisher= South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies Vol 4 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00856407408730688 |author=Hermann Kulke |journal= South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies |pages=60–77 |date=1974 |volume= 4 |doi= 10.1080/00856407408730688 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=KINGS WITHOUT A KINGDOM: THE RAJAS OF KHURDA AND THE JAGANNATHA CULT |publisher= South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies Vol 4 |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/83630298.pdf |author=Hermann Kulke |pages=60–77 |date=1974 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205165828/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/83630298.pdf |archive-date=5 February 2022 }}</ref>

====Puri====
{{main|Puri Estate}}
* Mukundeva Deva II (1809–1817) (''reinstated and continues as Raja of Puri'')
* Ramchandra Deva III (1817–1854)
* Birakesari Deva II (1854–1859)
* Divyasingha Deva III (1859–1882)
* Mukundeva Deva III (1882–1926)
* Ramchandra Deva IV (1926–1956)
* Birakisore Deva III (1956–1970)
* [[Dibyasingha Deb|Divyasingha Deva IV]] (1970–current)<ref>{{cite web |title=Here's All You Need To Know About The King Of Puri |publisher=Sambad |url=https://sambadenglish.com/heres-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-king-of-puri/ |date=26 June 2017 |access-date=27 January 2021}}</ref>

==British colonial period==
{{further|List of governors of Bihar and Orissa Province|Prime Minister of Orissa}}

Mukundeva Deva II was discontent under Maratha rule, so he agreed to help British troops to march through his territory without resistance.<ref name=govt2/> In 1803, Maratha ceded Orissa to the British empire. The Rajas and other local chieftains lead a series of rebellions against the British. Notable among the rebellions is that of [[Surendra Sai]].<ref name=govt/>

[[Odia language|Odia]] speaking people at this time were placed in different provinces. Around 1870, a movement was started to unify the Oriya-speaking
within a state. In 1936, the new state of Orissa was formed. About 25 [[princely states]], remained independent but they were later integrated by 1947, except Saraikela, Kharsawan, Bastar, Parlakhemundi Zamindari (rest of today's Vijayanagaram).

===Lieutenant governors and governors of Bihar and Orissa Province===
* [[Charles Stuart Bayley|Sir Charles Stuart Bayley]] (1912–1915)
* [[Edward Albert Gait|Sir Edward Albert Gait]] (1915–1918) & (1918–1920)
* [[Edward Vere Levinge|Sir Edward Vere Levinge]] (acting) (1918)
* [[Satyendra Prasanna Sinha, 1st Baron Sinha]] (1920–1921)
* [[Havilland Le Mesurier (Indian Civil Service)|Havilland Le Mesurier]] (acting) (1921–1922)
* [[Sir Henry Wheeler]] (1922–1927)
* [[Hugh Lansdown Stephenson|Sir Hugh Lansdown Stephenson]] (1927–1932)
* [[Sir James David Sifton]] (1932–1936)

===Governors of Orissa Province===
* [[Sir John Austen Hubback]] (1936–1938) & (1938–1941)
* [[G. T. Boag|George Townsend Boag]] (Acting) (1938)
* [[Hawthorne Lewis|Sir Hawthorne Lewis]] (1941–1946)
* [[Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi]] (1946–1947)

===Prime ministers of Orissa Province===
* [[Krushna Chandra Gajapati]] (1937) & (1941–1944)
* [[Bishwanath Das]] (1937–1939)
* [[Harekrushna Mahatab]] (1946–1947)

==Post Independence==
''See: [[List of governors of Odisha]]'' 
''See: [[List of chief ministers of Odisha]]''

==See also==
* [[History of Orissa]]
* [[Maritime history of Orissa]]

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |first1=Snigdha |last1=Tripathy |title=Inscriptions of Orissa |volume=I – Circa 5th–8th centuries A.D |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XUiYu3XByNgC&pg=PR3 |year=1997 |publisher=[[Indian Council of Historical Research]] and [[Motilal Banarsidass]] |isbn=978-81-208-1077-8 }}
{{refend}}

{{Odisha}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rulers Of Odisha}}
[[Category:History of Odisha]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian monarchs|Odisha]]
[[Category:Odisha-related lists]]

Rana Daggubati

2026-03-15T15:43:17Z

Dwps: Content updated and refined

{{short description|Indian actor (born 1984)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rana Daggubati
| image = Rana Daggubati by Gage Skidmore.jpg
| caption = Daggubati at [[San Diego Comic-Con]] in 2023
| birth_name = Ramanaidu Daggubati
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|12|14|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Madras]] (now [[Chennai]]), [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|film producer|entrepreneur|}}
| works = [[Rana Daggubati filmography|Full list]]
| father = [[D. Suresh Babu]]
| relatives = [[D. Ramanaidu]] (grandfather) [[Daggubati Venkatesh]] (paternal uncle) [[Naga Chaitanya]] (cousin) [[Nagarjuna Akkineni]] (maternal uncle)
| family = [[Akkineni–Daggubati family]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Miheeka Bajaj|2020}}
| yearsactive = 2005–present
| organization = [[Suresh Productions]] [[Amar Chitra Katha]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Basu |first1=Nilanjana |title=Future Group to sell 18.6% stake in Amar Chitra Katha for ₹13.62 crore |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/future-group-to-sell-186-stake-in-amar-chitra-katha-for-1362-crore/article65389636.ece |access-date=6 May 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]] }}</ref>
}}
'''Ramanaidu "Rana" Daggubati''' ({{IPA|te|ˈɾaː.ɳaː.daɡgu.baː.ʈi|pron}}; born 14 December 1984)<ref name="birthday">{{cite news|date=14 December 2016|title=Happy Birthday Rana Daggubati: From Leader to Baahubali, Rana's blockbuster journey|work=The Indian Express|url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/happy-birthday-rana-daggubati-from-leader-to-baahubali-ranas-blockbuster-journey-4426733/|access-date=17 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Vamsi|first=Krishna|date=16 December 2016|title=Baahubali 2: Rana Daggubati's first look as Bhallaladeva is out and he looks vicious, see pic|work=The Indian Express|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/baahubali-2-rana-dagubattis-first-look-as-bhalladeva-is-out-and-he-looks-vicious-see-pic-4426517/|access-date=12 August 2018}}</ref> is an Indian actor, film producer, and entrepreneur who primarily works in [[Telugu cinema]], in addition to [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] and [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] films.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/from-baahubali-to-ghazi-rana-has-come-a-long-way/articleshow/56808105.cms |title=From 'Baahubali' to 'Ghazi', Rana Daggubati has a come a long way |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=1 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/content-is-king-for-rana-daggubati-as-ghazi-baahubali-2-win-national-awards/story-PSsVEbwIA8AMU6L7bxxaAJ.html |title=Content is king for Rana Daggubati as Ghazi, Baahubali 2 win National Awards|newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=13 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jha|first=Lata|date=4 February 2019|title=Rana Daggubati: The entrepreneur|url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/rana-daggubati-the-entrepreneur-1549260714703.html|access-date=27 July 2019|language=en}}</ref> He is a recipient of several accolades including a [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu|National Film Award]], two [[Nandi Awards|Nandi Award]], six [[SIIMA Awards]] and three [[Filmfare Awards South]].

Son of film producer [[D. Suresh Babu]], he made his acting debut with ''[[Leader (2010 film)|Leader]]'' (2010), for which he won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut – South|Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Happy birthday Rana Daggubati: 8 times the Baahubali actor inspired us to workout|url=https://www.india.com/lifestyle/happy-birthday-rana-daggubati-8-times-the-baahubali-actor-inspired-us-to-workout-1705400/|last=Prakasan|first=Chethana|date=14 December 2016|website=India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News {{!}} India.com|language=en|access-date=22 May 2020}}</ref> He later starred in the Hindi film ''[[Dum Maaro Dum (film)|Dum Maaro Dum]]'' (2011), alongside [[Bipasha Basu]], where he received positive reviews for his performance and won the [[Zee Cine Award for Best Male Debut]]. In 2012, Rana gained prominence by starring in the hit Telugu film ''[[Krishnam Vande Jagadgurum]]''. In 2015, he played a notable supporting role in the successful Hindi film ''[[Baby (2015 Hindi film)|Baby]]'' (2015). He later starred as [[Bhallaladeva]], the main antagonist in the Telugu-[[Tamil language|Tamil]] bilingual film ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]'' (2015), which recorded the second highest gross opening for an [[Indian film]]. He then featured in a supporting role in the Tamil film ''[[Bangalore Naatkal]]'' (2016). In 2017, Rana later reprised his role as Bhallaladeva in ''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]'', which became the highest grossing South Indian film of all time.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/jul/12/baahubali-the-beginning-review-fantastic-bang-for-your-buck-in-most-expensive-indian-movie-ever-made |title=Baahubali: The Beginning review – fantastic bang for your buck in most expensive Indian movie ever made |author=Mike McCahill |newspaper=The Guardian|date=12 July 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/baahubali-review-a-little-more-a-little-less/article7407650.ece |date=10 July 2015 |title=Baahubali review: A little more, a little less |author=Sangeetha Devi Dundoo |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Baahubali Smashes Box Office Records, Rakes in Rs 68 Crore |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/Baahubali-Smashes-Box-Office-Records-Rakes-in-Rs-68-Crore/2015/07/12/article2915510.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712181050/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/Baahubali-Smashes-Box-Office-Records-Rakes-in-Rs-68-Crore/2015/07/12/article2915510.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 July 2015 |work=The New Indian Express |author=Nanisetti, Serish |date=12 July 2015}}</ref> He has also simultaneously starred in successful films such as ''[[Rudramadevi (film)|Rudramadevi]]'' (2015), ''[[The Ghazi Attack|Ghazi]]'' (2017), and ''[[Nene Raju Nene Mantri]]'' (2017).

As a [[visual effects]] producer, Rana won the State [[Nandi Award]] for [[Nandi Award for Best Special Effects|Best Special Effects]] in 2006 for the Telugu film ''[[Sainikudu]]''. In 2006, he received the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu|National Film Award]] for co-producing ''[[Bommalata]].'' Rana is also an established television personality, hosting award shows such as the [[2nd IIFA Utsavam]], the [[2nd South Indian International Movie Awards|South Indian International Movie Awards]]. He also hosted talk shows ''[[No. 1 Yaari|No. 1 Yaari with Rana]]'' (2017–2021) and ''[[The Rana Daggubati Show]]''. Alongside building a career in cinema, Rana is invested in businesses ranging from a business accelerator programme for technology startups, to an entertainment agency and a comic book company.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.mansworldindia.com/covers/double-life-rana-daggubati/|title=The Double Life Of Rana Daggubati|date=5 January 2019|language=en-GB|access-date=27 July 2019}}</ref>

Daggubati became the board member of [[Mumbai Academy of the Moving Image]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mumbai Academy of Moving Image - Trustees Site |url=https://www.mumbaifilmfestival.com/festival/trustees |website=www.mumbaifilmfestival.com}}</ref> Rana is described as one of the few actors in India who were able to achieve pan-Indian appeal, having taken up a variety of roles, from leading roles to supporting characters, in different languages.

== Early life and family ==
Ramanaidu Daggubati<ref name="name2">{{cite news|last=Nichenametla|first=Prasad|date=1 May 2017|title=What Caused Bhallaladeva, Aka Rana Daggubati, To Go Blind In One Eye?|work=Outlook India|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/what-caused-bhallaladeva-aka-rana-daggubati-to-go-blind-in-one-eye/298703|access-date=28 May 2017}}</ref> was born on 14 December 1984 in a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] family to film producer [[D. Suresh Babu]] in [[Madras]] (present-day Chennai), [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/The-new-entrants-in-Times-50-Most-Desirable-Men-2011/articleshow/11755589.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210104406/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-04/news-interviews/31024699_1_telugu-film-hindi-films-tamil-film |url-status=live |archive-date=10 February 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=The new entrants in Times 50 Most Desirable Men 2011 |date=4 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/Rana-Daggubatis-a-family-man/articleshow/8902445.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104053437/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-19/news-interviews/29674523_1_family-man-genelia-rana-daggubati |url-status=live |archive-date=4 November 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Rana Daggubati's a family man |date=19 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Gupta|first1=Priya|date=25 January 2015|title=Rana Daggubati: I love my grandfather the most in the world|language=en|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Rana-Daggubati-I-love-my-grandfather-the-most-in-the-world/articleshow/46002922.cms|access-date=17 April 2021}}</ref> He was named after his paternal grandfather and movie mogul [[D. Ramanaidu]].<ref name="name">{{cite news |first=Prasad |last=Nichenametla |date=1 May 2017 |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/what-caused-bhallaladeva-aka-rana-daggubati-to-go-blind-in-one-eye/298703 |title=What Caused Bhallaladeva, Aka Rana Daggubati, To Go Blind In One Eye? |access-date=28 May 2017 |work=Outlook India}}</ref> A member of the [[Daggubati–Akkineni family]], his paternal uncle [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]], maternal uncle [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] and his son (Daggubati's cousin) [[Naga Chaitanya]] are also actors. Rana revealed in 2016 that he is blind in his right eye, and his left eye is a transplanted one. The surgery was done in L. V. Prasad Hospital, Hyderabad. Another surgery was done on his right eye when he was 14, but was unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india.com/buzz/rana-daggubatiRana|title=Daggubati admitted -is-blind-in-one-eye-bahubali-2-villain-bhallala-deva-admits-of-getting-a-donated-eye-in-viral-video-2085164/|access-date=4 January 2020}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Baahubali 2: The Conclusion actor Rana Daggubati makes stunning revelation, says he is blind in one eye |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/entertainment/baahubali-2-the-conclusion-actor-rana-daggubati-makes-stunning-revelation-says-he-is-blind-in-one-eye/647927/ |access-date=25 April 2023 |work=Financial Express |date=30 April 2017 }}</ref>

Rana did his early schooling in Chennai at [[Chettinad Vidyashram]]. He later shifted to [[Hyderabad, Telangana]], where he studied at Nalanda Vidya Bhavan High School and [[The Hyderabad Public School, Begumpet]]. At Hyderabad Public School, he was classmates with [[Ram Charan]], [[Sharwanand]], [[Nikhil Siddharth]], and [[Nag Ashwin]]. His enrolled for his collegiate studies at [[St. Mary's College, Hyderabad]] but eventually dropped out.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rana Daggubati: Didn't go to college so never connected with college stories |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/national/rana-daggubati-didnt-go-to-college-so-never-connected-with-college-stories |work=National Herald |agency=IANS |date=30 March 2021 |access-date=31 December 2025}}</ref> He lives with his family in [[Film Nagar]]<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Khandelwal|first=Shireen|date=9 January 2021|title=18 pictures and videos that take you inside Rana Daggubati and Miheeka Bajaj's expansive home in Hyderabad|url=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/rana-daggubati-miheeka-bajaj-hyderabad-home-inside-pictures-videos|access-date=19 March 2021|magazine=Vogue India}}</ref> Hyderabad. He also owns a flat in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=8 March 2021|title=Prabhas wants a new address in Mumbai|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/regional-indian-cinema-news/article/prabhas-wants-a-new-address-in-mumbai-23162726|access-date=19 March 2021|work=[[Mid-Day]]}}</ref>

== Acting career ==
{{Further|Rana Daggubati filmography}}

=== 2010–2012: Debut ===
Rana's debut film as an actor in Telugu was ''[[Leader (2010 film)|Leader]]'' (2010), directed by [[Shekhar Kammula]]. It remains one of his highest grossers. In it, he plays the role of an aspiring [[Chief minister of Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Leader (2010) – Movie {{!}} Reviews, Cast & Release Date – BookMyShow|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/leader/ET00004301|access-date=25 July 2021|website=in.bookmyshow.com}}</ref> It opened to rave reviews from critics with his performance got much praise.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leader film review – Telugu cinema Review – RaNa Daggubati, Richa Gangopadhyay & Priya Anand|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-leader.html|access-date=25 July 2021|website=www.idlebrain.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Movie Review : Leader|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/leader-review-telugu-14932151.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325045621/http://www.sify.com/movies/leader-review-telugu-14932151.html|archive-date=25 March 2014|access-date=25 January 2014|website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=19 February 2010|title=Review: Leader comes at the right time – Rediff.com Movies|url=http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/feb/19/south-telugu-movie-review-leader.htm|access-date=25 January 2014|publisher=Movies.rediff.com}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' stated that "Another lineage star Rana takes his first bow at the BO with an inspiring political saga, a far cry from the formula-ridden films that his ilk usually begin with including his uncle and star Venkatesh."<ref>{{cite news|title=Leader movie review: Wallpaper, Story, Trailer at Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/movie-reviews/Leader/movie-review/5596902.cms|access-date=25 January 2014|publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> His performance in the film fetched him two awards – [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut – South]] and [[CineMAA Awards|CineMAA Award for Best Male Debut]]. Rana made his [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] debut with the film ''[[Dum Maaro Dum (film)|Dum Maaro Dum]]'', alongside [[Bipasha Basu]], [[Abhishek Bachchan]] and [[Prateik Babbar]] which released on 22 April 2011. where he received positive reviews for his performance and won the [[Zee Cine Award for Best Male Debut]].''[[The Times of India]]'' called it a "dashing debut".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Dum-Maaro-Dum/movie-review/8046811.cms |title=Dum Maaro Dum-Gripping thriller |work=The Times of India |access-date=18 May 2012 |date=21 April 2011}}</ref> [[Taran Adarsh]] commented that "Much of the joy comes from watching Rana Daggubati infuse believability into his character. He's easy on the eyes and is a complete natural when it comes to acting."<ref>{{cite web|title=Movie Reviews|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/14263/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027091247/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/14263/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 October 2010|access-date=22 April 2011|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref> He won the [[Zee Cine Award for Best Male Debut]] for his performance in the film.
[[File:Amitabh Bachchan, Rana Daggubati, Sanjay Dutt, Ram Gopal Varma at Press conference of 'Department' (10).jpg|thumb|280x280px|Daggubati at a promotional event for [[Department (film)|''Department'']] in 2012, along with [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Sanjay Dutt]] and [[Ram Gopal Varma]]]]
In his next Telugu film, ''[[Nenu Naa Rakshasi]]'' (2011)'',''<ref>{{Cite news|last=Narasimham|first=M. L.|date=25 December 2010|title=Nenu Naa Rakshasi: Romancing the killer|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Nenu-Naa-Rakshasi-Romancing-the-killer/article15608209.ece|access-date=25 July 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> he played a [[professional killer]] Abhimanyu alongside [[Ileana D'Cruz]], under [[Puri Jagannadh]]'s direction<ref>{{cite web|date=27 April 2011|title=Rana Daggubati turns professional killer|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-interview-with-rana-daggubati/20110427.htm|access-date=5 May 2013|publisher=Rediff}}</ref> It was a [[box office bomb|box-office bomb]].<ref>{{cite web|date=21 June 2011|title=Allu Arjun rejects Ileana|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/67903.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623105715/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/67903.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 June 2011|access-date=5 May 2013|website=IndiaGlitz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=27 November 2012|title='Leader' to 'Krishnam Vande Jagadgurum': Why hasn't Rana Daggubati found a foothold yet?|South Cinema Photos|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/7950-7.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130040012/http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/7950-7.html|archive-date=30 November 2012|access-date=5 May 2013|publisher=CNN IBN}}</ref> A reviewer of [[NDTV 24x7|''NDTV'']] wrote that "Rana's attempt to prove himself as a commercial hero has not taken off and he should wait for another break."<ref>{{cite web|title=Review: Nenu Naa Rakshasi|url=https://www.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/review-nenu-naa-rakshasi-10282|access-date=25 July 2021|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

Rana had three releases in 2012. His first release of the year was the [[Romantic action film|romantic action]] film ''[[Naa Ishtam]].''<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dundoo|first=Sangeetha Devi|date=24 March 2012|title=Naa Ishtam: I, me, myself|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/naa-ishtam-i-me-myself/article3219771.ece|access-date=25 July 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> ''[[News 18]]'' credited it as Rana's first "full-length commercial film."<ref>{{cite web|date=25 March 2012|title=Telugu Review: 'Naa Ishtam' works for Genelia|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/telugu-review-naa-ishtam-works-for-genelia-458945.html|access-date=25 July 2021|website=News18|language=en}}</ref> Radhika Rajamani of ''[[Rediff.com]]'', in her review of the film, praised Rana' performance but criticised the screenplay.<ref>{{cite web|last=Rajamani|first=Radhika|title=Naa Ishtam has a stereotypical plot|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-naa-ishtam-has-a-stereotypical-plot/20120323.htm|access-date=25 July 2021|website=Rediff|language=en}}</ref> His next film was ''[[Department (film)|Department]],'' directed by [[Ram Gopal Varma]], alongside [[Amitabh Bachchan]] and [[Sanjay Dutt]].<ref>{{cite news|date=10 April 2012|title=Department|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-10/bollywood/31318457_1_sanjay-dutt-amitabh-bachchan-sarjeroa|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708221714/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-10/bollywood/31318457_1_sanjay-dutt-amitabh-bachchan-sarjeroa|archive-date=8 July 2012}}</ref> The film received mixed response from critics and was declared as a [[box office bomb|box-office bomb]].<ref>{{cite web|title=NDTVMovies.com : Bollywood News, Reviews, Celebrity News, Hollywood news, Entertainment News, Videos & Photos|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_Review.aspx?id=710|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523002511/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_Review.aspx?id=710|archive-date=23 May 2012|access-date=18 May 2012|website=movies.ndtv.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The filmmaker criticised Sanjay's interference after 'Department's poor show at the BO|newspaper=Masala.com |date=22 May 2012 |url=http://www.masala.com/35636-rgv-and-sanjay-dutt-in-a-verbal-spat|access-date=24 May 2012}}</ref> His last release of the year was ''[[Krishnam Vande Jagadgurum]]'', directed by [[Krish (director)|Krish]], which became a box office success, also receiving critical acclaim.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/krishnam-vande-jagadgurum-heads-towards-rs-45-cr-collections-112120300045_1.html |title=Krishnam Vande Jagadgurum heads towards Rs 45-cr collections |work=Business Standard |date=3 December 2012 |access-date=5 May 2013|last1=Kanth |first1=K. Rajani }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Shekhar |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2012/krishnam-vande-jagadgurum-strikes-gold-box-office-101632.html |title=Krishnam Vande Jagadgurum strikes gold at Box Office |work=OneIndia |date=3 December 2012 |access-date=5 May 2013 |archive-date=7 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121207083543/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/telugu/news/2012/krishnam-vande-jagadgurum-strikes-gold-box-office-101632.html |url-status=live }}</ref> he plays the role of a [[Theatre|theatre artist]] who later meets Devika ([[Nayanthara]]). an informer of the [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]], and takes revenge on Redappa/Chakravarthy ([[Murali Sharma]]/[[Milind Gunaji]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=Krishnam Vande Jagadgurum review – Telugu cinema – Rana Daggubati & Nayantara|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-kvj.html|access-date=26 July 2021|website=www.idlebrain.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Bhandaram|first=Vishnupriya|date=30 November 2012|title=Myth recreates reality|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Myth-recreates-reality/article15616878.ece|access-date=26 July 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> A critic noted his performance as "brilliant" and "commendable".<ref>{{cite web|title=Movie Review: Krishnam Vande Jagadgurum|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/movie-review-krishnam-vande-jagadgurum-630101|access-date=26 July 2021|website=NDTV.com}}</ref> Karthik Pasupulate of ''[[The Times of India]]'' felt that, his performance in the film is his best one to date and is a few notches above everything else he's done to date.<ref>{{Citation|title=Krishnam Vande Jagadgurum Movie Review {3.5/5}: Critic Review of Krishnam Vande Jagadgurum by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/krishnam-vande-jagadgurum/movie-review/17429764.cms|access-date=26 July 2021|last1=Pasupulate |first1=Karthik }}</ref> In July 2012, Rana signed do a "special appearance" in the film ''[[Arrambam]]'', which his [[Tamil cinema]] debut.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rana confirms cameo in Ajith film!|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/rana-confirms-cameo-in-ajith-film-news-tamil-mh2rv5fdhfh.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729182945/http://www.sify.com/movies/rana-confirms-cameo-in-ajith-film-news-tamil-mh2rv5fdhfh.html|archive-date=29 July 2012|access-date=28 July 2012|website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

=== 2013–2017: Breakthrough ===
The year 2013 was one of the busiest in his career. Rana made [[cameo appearance]]s in three films – [[Sundar C]]'s ''[[Something Something (2013 film)|Something Something]],'' [[Ayan Mukerji]]'s ''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]<ref>{{cite web|date=21 May 2012|title=Rana's cameo in Yeh Jawani Hai Deewani | Hindi Movies News|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1439610/Ranas-cameo-in-Yeh-Jawani-Hai-Deewani|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424201521/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1439610/Ranas-cameo-in-Yeh-Jawani-Hai-Deewani|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 April 2014|access-date=5 May 2013|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>'' and [[Vishnuvardhan (director)|Vishnuvardhan]]'s ''[[Arrambam]],'' with the latter being his [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] debut.<ref>{{cite web |first=P|last=Sangeetha|date=17 August 2012|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-17/tamil/33248293_1_krishnam-vande-jagadgurum-rana-daggubati-ajith |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629121411/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-17/tamil/33248293_1_krishnam-vande-jagadgurum-rana-daggubati-ajith |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 June 2013 |title=Rana shoots with Ajith |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=5 May 2013}}</ref> The same year, he joined two big-budget productions, [[Gunasekhar]]'s ''[[Rudhramadevi (film)|Rudhramadevi]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/Rana-as-Chalukya-in-Anushkas-Rudrama-Devi/articleshow/18446051.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130222072403/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-11/news-interviews/37039886_1_rana-daggubati-anushka-shetty-period-film |url-status=live |archive-date=22 February 2013 |title=Rana as Chalukya in Anushka's Rudrama Devi |date=11 February 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=5 May 2013}}</ref> and [[S. S. Rajamouli]]'s ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]'', in which he is the [[Bhallaladeva (character)|lead antagonist]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/Director-Rajamouli-in-location-hunt-for-Bahubali/articleshow/18444273.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130421094056/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-11/news-interviews/37038287_1_prasad-devineni-rana-daggubati-director-rajamouli |url-status=live |archive-date=21 April 2013 |title=Director Rajamouli in location hunt for Bahubali |date=11 February 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=5 May 2013}}</ref> Both the films were released in 2015. Rana did not have a single release in 2014.

In 2015, he starred in the Hindi film [[Baby (2015 Hindi film)|''Baby'']], alongside [[Akshay Kumar]] and [[Taapsee Pannu]]. Rana played [[Bhallaladeva]], the cousin of Baahubali ([[Prabhas]]), in the 2015 film ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]],'' which is part of [[Baahubali (franchise)|''Baahubali'' franchise]]. His character became widely popular<ref>{{cite web|title=Baahubali Nostalgia! Rana Daggubati shares story picture of beginning of the Bahubali series|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/cmcm/baahubali-nostalgia-rana-daggubati-shares-story-picture-of-beginning-of-the-bahubali-series|access-date=26 July 2021|website=Free Press Journal|date=28 June 2018 |language=en}}</ref> and received unprecedented appreciation from critics.<ref>{{cite web|last=Tsering|first=Lisa|date=13 July 2015|title='Bahubali': Film Review|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/baahubali-film-review-808168/|access-date=26 July 2021|website=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en-US}}</ref> Rana was inspired by Daniel Day-Lewis to play the character.<ref>{{cite web|date=19 April 2017|title=Baahubali 2: How Rana Daggubati was inspired by Daniel Day-Lewis to play Bhallaladeva|url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/baahubali-2-how-rana-daggubati-was-inspired-by-daniel-day-lewis-to-play-bhallaladeva-3392908.html|publisher=}}</ref> He described the film as "career-defining" for him.<ref>{{cite news|title=Baahubali has increased my market value|newspaper=The Hindu|date=29 April 2017|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/baahubali-has-increased-my-market-value-rana-daggubati/article18305521.ece/|publisher=Thehindu.com|access-date=29 April 2017}}</ref> ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]'' was released worldwide in July 2015 and was the [[List of highest-grossing films in India|highest-grossing film in India]] at the time of its release.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hunter |first=Allan |date=20 July 2015 |title='Baahubali: The Beginning': Review|url=https://www.screendaily.com/reviews/baahubali-the-beginning-review/5090691.article |website=Screen |access-date=26 July 2021}}</ref> Made on a production budget of ₹ 180 crore,<ref>{{cite web|date=1 February 2017|title=Has SS Rajamouli's Baahubali 2 earned Rs 500 cr even before release?|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/baahubali-2-box-office-collection-rajamouli-prabhas-rana-958308-2017-02-01|access-date=26 July 2021|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> the film collected a worldwide gross of ₹650 crore at the [[box office]].<ref>{{cite web|date=10 August 2017|title=Baahubali rights snapped up by Netflix for Rs 25.5 crore; The Conclusion completes 100 days in theatres|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bahubali-2-baahubali-rights-snapped-up-by-netflix-for-rs-25-5-crore-the-conclusion-completes-100-days-in-theatres-3914757.html|access-date=26 July 2021|website=Firstpost}}</ref> The film gave him several awards, including the [[Nandi Award for Best Villain]] and [[SIIMA Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role (Telugu)]]. The film started a new film movement named [[Pan-India films]]. He next appeared in the film ''[[Rudhramadevi (film)|Rudhramadevi]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rana Daggubati wraps up shooting for Rudramadevi|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/rana-daggubati-wraps-up-shooting-for-rudramadevi/articleshow/41000696.cms|access-date=26 July 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> It is a [[3D film|3D]] [[Biographical film|biographical]] [[action film]] based on the life of [[Rudrama Devi]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Balachandran|first=Logesh|date=9 October 2020|title=Anushka Shetty celebrates 5 years of Rudhramadevi: This journey is very special for me|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/anushka-shetty-celebrates-5-years-of-rudhramadevi-this-journey-is-very-special-for-me-1730079-2020-10-09|access-date=26 July 2021|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> in which he played the role of [[Chalukya dynasty|Chalukya Veerabhadra]].<ref>{{cite news|title=First look of Rana Daggubati in Rudramadevi|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/first-look-of-rana-daggubati-in-rudramadevi/articleshow/27299344.cms|access-date=26 July 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Although, the film did not performed well at the box-office, it received mixed reviews from the critics.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rudramadevi Review Out: UK Film Critic Gives 4 Star Rating – The Hans India|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2015-10-08/Rudramadevi-review-out-UK-film-critic-gives-4-star-rating-179891|work=thehansindia.com|date=9 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rudramadevi (Rudhramadevi) Movie Review and Rating: 3.5/5, Allu Arjun, Anushka|url=http://www.belvoireagle.com/entertainment/rudhramadevi-aka-rudramadevi-movie-review-rating-twitter-response-ft-anushka-shetty-allu-arjun-398.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009221537/http://www.belvoireagle.com/entertainment/rudhramadevi-aka-rudramadevi-movie-review-rating-twitter-response-ft-anushka-shetty-allu-arjun-398.html|archive-date=9 October 2015|work=BLR Eagle}}</ref> Pranita Jonnalagedda felt that his character in the film is "underused".<ref>{{Citation|title=Rudhramadevi Movie Review {3/5}: Critic Review of Rudhramadevi by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/rudhramadevi/movie-review/49289505.cms|access-date=26 July 2021|last1=Jonnalagedda |first1=Pranita }}</ref> The same year, he appeared as himself in a [[cameo role]] in ''[[Dongaata (2015 film)|Dongaata]]'' (Telugu)'',<ref>{{cite web|title=Lakshmi Manchu, Satisfied with Dongata.|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2015/may/08/lakshmi-manchu-satisfied-with-dongata-757646.html|website=newindianexpress|date=8 May 2015 }}</ref> [[Size Zero]]'' (Telugu)<ref>{{cite news|date=28 February 2015|title=Anushka, Arya team up again — Puducherry|newspaper=The Hindu|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/anushka-arya-team-up-again/article6942670.ece|access-date=31 July 2015}}</ref> and ''Inji Iduppazhagi'' (Tamil).<ref>{{cite web|date=18 July 2015|title='Size Zero' shooting completed|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/size-zero-shooting-completed-telugu-news-137825.html|access-date=31 July 2015|website=IndiaGlitz}}</ref>
[[File:Rana and Anushka at Bahubali Trailer Launch.jpg|thumb|Daggubati, along with [[Anushka Shetty]], at the trailer launch of ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]''|left|280x280px|border]]
The following year, he was a part of the [[ensemble cast]] of the Tamil film ''[[Bangalore Naatkal]]'',<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rao|first=Subha J.|date=2 February 2016|title=Rana, the time traveller|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/rana-daggubati-on-bangalore-naatkal-and-baahubali/article8183982.ece|access-date=26 July 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> a remake of the 2014 [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] film ''[[Bangalore Days]].''<ref>{{cite web|title=Rana Daggubati on His Role in Bangalore Days Remake|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/rana-daggubati-on-his-role-in-bangalore-days-remake-1274156|access-date=26 July 2021|website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rana Daggubati regrets doing 'Bangalore Days' remake|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2018/09/24/rana-daggubati-on-doing-bangalore-days-remake.html|access-date=26 July 2021|website=OnManorama}}</ref> In 2017, he starred in India's first submarine based Telugu-Hindi [[Multilingual film|bilingual film]], [[Ghazi (film)|''Ghazi'']].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Ghazi Attack: The Moment When Rana Daggubati Felt "Immensely Patriotic"|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/the-ghazi-attack-the-moment-when-rana-daggubatis-felt-immensely-patriotic-1658407|access-date=26 July 2021|website=NDTV.com|date=6 February 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Groves|first=Don|title=Rana Daggubati And Kay Kay Menon Go To War In 'The Ghazi Attack'|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dongroves/2017/02/15/rana-daggubati-and-kay-kay-menon-go-to-war-in-the-ghazi-attack/|access-date=26 July 2021|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> The film's plot is based on the mysterious sinking of [[PNS Ghazi|PNS ''Ghazi'']] during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]], in which he played Lieutenant Commander Arjun Varma.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dundoo|first=Sangeetha Devi|date=21 January 2017|title=Meet the 'war lord'|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Meet-the-%E2%80%98war-lord%E2%80%99/article17073581.ece|access-date=26 July 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He shot for 18 days in a specially constructed underwater set.<ref>{{cite web|date=7 February 2017|title=The Ghazi Attack: Rana Daggubati said he missed sunlight during shoot|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/the-ghazi-attack-rana-daggubati-said-he-missed-sunlight-while-its-shooting-4512906/|access-date=26 July 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> ''[[Hindustan Times]]''<nowiki/>'s Gautaman Bhaskaran wrote that "Daggubati is wonderfully restrained – a complete changeover from the kind of parts he has been playing so far".<ref>{{cite web|date=15 February 2017|title=The Ghazi Attack movie review: Nothing shrill about Rana Daggubati's patriotism|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/the-ghazi-attack-movie-review-a-fine-war-film-with-some-brilliant-performances/story-MmopXhhpwlZVd0VXmiQwgN.html|access-date=26 July 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> Several other critics also praised his performance in the film.<ref>{{cite web|last=Davis|first=Maggie|date=16 February 2017|title=Rana Daggubati and Kay Kay Menon's war drama is a must watch, say critics|url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/the-ghazi-attack-honest-review-rana-daggubati-and-kay-kay-menons-war-drama-is-a-must-watch-say-critics-1843889/|access-date=26 July 2021|website=India News, Breaking News {{!}} India.com|language=en}}</ref>

Rana reprised his role in the second part of the film series of [[Baahubali (franchise)|''Baahubali'' franchise]], ''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]].''<ref>{{cite web|date=16 December 2016|title=Baahubali 2: Rana Daggubati's first look as Bhallaladeva is out and he looks vicious, see pic|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/baahubali-2-rana-dagubattis-first-look-as-bhalladeva-is-out-and-he-looks-vicious-see-pic-4426517/|access-date=26 July 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=18 April 2017|title=Baahubali 2: Rana Daggubati shares candid behind-the-scenes pics|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/baahubali-2-rana-daggubati-shares-candid-behind-the-scene-pics/story-8ouqcuWvp5EfwbZ5bKyP1L.html|access-date=26 July 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> The film started the [[1000 Crore Club]] in [[Indian cinema]].<ref name="times">{{cite web|date=8 May 2017|title=Baahubali creates history by entering the 1,000 crore club|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/baahubali-creates-history-by-entering-the-1000-crore-club/articleshow/58560660.cms|access-date=30 May 2017|website=The Times of India}}</ref> It is currently the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|second highest-grossing Indian film]] and the [[2017 in film|39th highest-grossing film of 2017]] with a gross of ₹1,810 crore.<ref name="2.0second">{{cite web|title=Top All Time India Grossers All Formats – 2.0 Second|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4535}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Bahubali 2 Is The Biggest Hindi Blockbuster This Century|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=2988}}</ref> He spent a total of 250 days shooting both the films of the series over five years.<ref>{{cite web|last=Groves|first=Don|title=The 'Baahubali 2' Phenomenon: Rana Daggubati Interview|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dongroves/2017/05/02/the-baahubali-2-phenomenon-rana-daggubati-interview/|access-date=26 July 2021|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> His performance as Bhallaladeva was well praised, with critics calling it "terrific",<ref>{{cite web|date=28 April 2017|title=Baahubali 2 Movie Review: SS Rajamouli's epic drama will be hard to forget anytime soon|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/baahubali-2-the-conclusion-movie-review-ss-rajamouli-bahubali-2-is-unforgettable-3409542.html|access-date=26 July 2021|website=Firstpost}}</ref> "scheming villain".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jagannath|first=J.|date=29 April 2017|title=Movie review: Baahubali 2 – The Conclusion is a colossal bore|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/movie-review-baahubali-2-the-conclusion-is-a-colossal-bore-117042800353_1.html|access-date=26 July 2021}}</ref> A critic of ''[[News18]]'' stated that he has "made an indelible impact on the viewers."<ref>{{cite web|date=4 May 2017|title=Baahubali 2: Prabhas, Rana's Powerful Performances Make It The Film of 2017|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/baahubali-2-movie-review-prabhas-rana-daggubatis-powerful-performances-make-it-the-film-of-2017-1386105.html|access-date=26 July 2021|website=News18|language=en}}</ref> He won two major awards, [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu]] and [[SIIMA Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role (Telugu)]]. He next did a Telugu film ''[[Nene Raju Nene Mantri]]'' in which he plays a politician with grey shades, alongside [[Kajal Aggarwal]].<ref name="BB2 sets">{{Cite news|last=Goud|first=Nagaraj|date=20 April 2016|title=Rajamouli nod awaited for Rana, Kajal coup|work=The Hans India|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Tollywood/2016-04-20/Rajamouli-nod-awaited-for-Rana-Kajal-coup/222765|url-status=dead|access-date=22 August 2017|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170822152003/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Tollywood/2016-04-20/Rajamouli-nod-awaited-for-Rana-Kajal-coup/222765|archive-date=22 August 2017}}</ref> In an interview to ''[[Gulf News]]'', director [[Teja (film director)|Teja]] said that "I wanted Joginder to dress like [[M. G. Ramachandran]] and have included some traits of MGR in Joginder's life".<ref>{{cite web|title=A chat 'Nene Raju Nene Mantri' director Teja|url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/south-indian/a-chat-nene-raju-nene-mantri-director-teja-1.2071209|access-date=26 July 2021|website=gulfnews.com|date=9 August 2017 |language=en}}</ref> This film received some mixed reviews but Rana's acting and screen presence were praised.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rajendran|first=Sowmya|date=11 August 2017|title='Nene Raju Nene Mantri' Review: A half-baked political thriller which tries too hard|work=The News Minute|url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/nene-raju-nene-mantri-review-half-baked-political-thriller-which-tries-too-hard-66638|url-status=dead|access-date=2 September 2017|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170902110210/http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/nene-raju-nene-mantri-review-half-baked-political-thriller-which-tries-too-hard-66638|archive-date=2 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Kumar|first=K Naresh|date=12 August 2017|title=A patchy effort|work=The Hans India|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2017-08-12/A-patchy-effort-/318462|url-status=dead|access-date=2 September 2017|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170902105703/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2017-08-12/A-patchy-effort-/318462|archive-date=2 September 2017}}</ref> Hemanth Kumar, writing for ''Firstpost'', called his performance "terrific" and added that "it is a performance that we won't forget anytime soon."<ref>{{cite web|date=11 August 2017|title=Nene Raju Nene Mantri movie review: Rana Daggubati, Kajal shine in this riveting political drama|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/nene-raju-nene-mantri-movie-review-rana-daggubati-kajal-shine-in-this-riveting-political-drama-3919591.html|access-date=26 July 2021|website=Firstpost}}</ref>

Rana next began shooting for the Telugu-Tamil bilingual film ''[[1945 (2022 film)|1945]]''. However, in September 2019, he called it an "unfinished film," while also adding that: "producer defaulted on money."<ref>{{Cite news|date=28 October 2019|title=Rana Daggubati tells fans to be vary of 1945 poster released on Diwali: 'This is unfinished film, producer defaulted on money'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/rana-daggubati-tells-fans-to-be-vary-of-1945-poster-released-on-diwali-this-is-unfinished-film-producer-defaulted-on-money/story-Arzzf4R3DmwfFg9UgBumFL.html|access-date=17 February 2021|work=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> He also signed the mythological film ''Hiranyakashyapa'' directed by [[Gunasekhar]], in 2017. Estimated to be made on a production budget of {{INR|180 crore}}, the film features Rana in the titular role of [[Hiranyakashipu]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 December 2019|title=Two years after announcing Hiranyakashyap, Rana Daggubati reveals why the film has been taking time|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/two-years-announcing-hiranyakashyap-rana-daggubati-reveals-film-taking-time/|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=17 February 2021|language=en}}</ref> Although as of October 2020, the film stood temporarily shelved owing to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 October 2020|title=Rana Daggubati's magnum opus 'Hiranyakashyap' temporarily shelved because of pandemic|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/rana-daggubati-s-magnum-opus-hiranyakashyap-temporarily-shelved-because-pandemic-134990|access-date=17 February 2021|work=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref> He announced his next film ''[[Kaadan]]'' (in Tamil; ''Aranya'' in Telugu; ''Haathi Mere Saathi'' in Hindi) on 14 December 2017, directed by [[Prabhu Solomon]].<ref>{{Cite twitter |title=My next is on its way!! #HaathiMereSaathi first look on January 1st 2018!! |user=ranadaggubati |number=941017563856646144 |access-date=26 July 2021 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref>

=== 2018–present: Experimental roles ===
[[File:2023 San Diego Comic-Con International by Gage Skidmore, 050.jpg|thumb|296x296px|Rana Daggubati at the 2023 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]]]
In 2018, he made a [[cameo appearance]] in the Hindi [[comedy film]] [[Welcome to New York (2018 film)|''Welcome to New York'']].<ref>{{Cite news|last=ANI|date=9 February 2018|title=Rana Daggubati to show his comic side in 'Welcome To New York'|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/rana-daggubati-to-show-his-comic-side-in-welcome-to-new-york-118020900651_1.html#:~:text=%27Baahubali%27%20star%20Rana%20Daggubati,,a%20better%20life%20for%20themselves.|access-date=26 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rana Daggubati to show his comic side in 'Welcome To New York'|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/cmcm/rana-daggubati-to-show-his-comic-side-in-welcome-to-new-york|access-date=26 July 2021|website=Free Press Journal|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Singh|first=Shalu|date=10 February 2018|title=Here's what Welcome To New York director has to say about Rana Daggubati's comic side|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood-here-s-what-welcome-to-new-york-director-has-to-say-about-rana-daggubati-s-comic-side-427007|access-date=26 July 2021|website=www.indiatvnews.com|language=en}}</ref> In March 2018, he joined the production of two-part [[N. T. Rama Rao]] [[Biographical film|biographical film series]].<ref>{{cite web|date=14 December 2018|title=Rana's first look from NTR biopic revealed|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ranas-first-look-ntr-biopic-revealed-93357|access-date=26 July 2021|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=22 December 2018|title=NTR biopic: Balakrishna, Rana Daggubati, Vidya Balan on working under Krish's direction|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/ntr-biopic-balakrishna-rana-daggubati-vidya-balan-on-working-under-krishs-direction-5774881.html|access-date=26 July 2021|website=Firstpost}}</ref> He played the role of [[chief minister of Andhra Pradesh]] [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]<ref>{{cite web|date=4 October 2018|title=Kathanayakudu: NTR biopic gets title and release date|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/ntr-biopic-titled-kathanayakudu-release-on-january-9-1355359-2018-10-04|access-date=26 July 2021|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> in two films – ''[[NTR: Kathanayakudu]]'' and ''[[NTR: Mahanayakudu]]'', which were released in January 2019 and February 2019.<ref>{{cite web|title=NTR Biopic, Now Called Kathanayakudu, Gets A Release Date|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/ntr-biopic-now-called-kathanayakudu-gets-a-release-date-1926767|access-date=26 July 2021|website=NDTV.com|date=4 October 2018 }}</ref> Both the films were commercial failures<ref>{{cite web|date=27 February 2019|title=NTR Mahanayakudu Turns Out to be Biggest Failure of Nandamuri Balakrishna's Career: Report|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/ntr-mahanayakudu-turns-out-to-be-biggest-failure-of-nandamuri-balakrishnas-career-report-2049759.html|access-date=26 July 2021|website=News18|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Hooli|first=Shekhar H.|date=27 February 2019|title=NTR: Mahanayakudu box office collection: It is the biggest failure of Nandamuri Balakrishna's career|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/ntr-mahanayakudu-box-office-collection-it-biggest-failure-nandamuri-balakrishnas-career-792733|access-date=26 July 2021|website=www.ibtimes.co.in|language=en}}</ref> and received mixed reviews from the critics.<ref>{{cite web|last=kavirayani|first=suresh|date=24 February 2019|title=NTR Mahanayakudu movie review: Lacking in emotions|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/240219/ntr-mahanayakudu-movie-review-lacking-in-emotions.html|access-date=26 July 2021|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=23 February 2019|title=NTR Mahanayakudu movie review: Nandamuri Balakrishna film is high on drama, isn't a riveting political thriller|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/ntr-mahanayakudu-movie-review-nandamuri-balakrishna-film-is-high-on-drama-isn-t-a-riveting-political-thriller/story-SbwgIiT394gu4dXjDz8hTI.html|access-date=26 July 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> He next appeared in a [[dual role]] in the Hindi film ''[[Housefull 4]]''<ref>{{cite news|title='Housefull 4': Did you spot Rana Daggubati in the crazy trailer?|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/housefull-4-did-you-spot-rana-daggubati-in-the-crazy-trailer/articleshow/71330941.cms|access-date=26 July 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=4 July 2019|title=Rana Daggubati on Housefull 4: The story is so funny that I wanted to be a part of it|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/rana-daggubati-on-housefull-4-the-story-is-so-funny-that-i-wanted-to-be-a-part-of-it-1561827-2019-07-04|access-date=26 July 2021|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=20 October 2019|title=Akshay Kumar reveals Rana Daggubati's look in Housefull 4|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/rana-daggubati-akshay-kumar-housefull-4-6078599/|access-date=26 July 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> and made a cameo appearance in the song "Naan Pizhaippeno" of the Tamil film ''[[Enai Noki Paayum Thota]]''.<ref>{{cite web|date=20 February 2017|title=Confirmed: Rana Daggubati plays a cameo in Dhanush's ENPT|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/enai-noki-paayum-thota-rana-daggubati-dhanush-961590-2017-02-20|access-date=26 July 2021|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=15 March 2016|title=Rana Daggubati Joins Dhanush's Enai Noki Paayum Thota|url=https://www.scooptimes.com/news/rana-daggubati-joins-dhanushs-enai-noki-paayum-thota/2786|access-date=26 July 2021|website=Scooptimes|language=en-US}}</ref>

Rana's much awaited film, ''[[Kaadan]]'' (in Tamil; ''Aranya'' in Telugu) released in March 2021,<ref>{{Cite news|date=6 January 2021|title=Rana Daggubati and Vishnu Vishal's 'Kaadan' to release on 26 March|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rana-daggubati-and-vishnu-vishals-kaadan-to-release-on-march-26/articleshow/80130776.cms|access-date=6 January 2021}}</ref> after twice rescheduling its release date.<ref>{{cite news|title=Makers of Kaadan announces the film's postponement|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/makers-of-kaadan-announces-the-films-postponement/articleshow/74653172.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name="toi:reld">{{cite web|date=21 October 2020|title=Vishnu Vishal-Rana-starrer Kaadan slated for a Pongal release in theatres|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishnu-vishal-rana-starrer-kaadan-slated-for-a-pongal-release-in-theatres/articleshow/78783873.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref> Owing to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]], the release of Hindi version ''Haathi Mere Saathi'' too was postponed. Tamil and Telugu versions however released as scheduled.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 March 2021|title=Rana Daggubati's Haathi Mere Saathi theatrical release postponed due to rise in COVID-19 cases|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/rana-daggubatis-haathi-mere-saathi-theatrical-release-deferred-due-to-rise-in-covid-19-cases-7241489/|access-date=24 March 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> Rana shed 30 kilograms to look lean for his role in the film.<ref>{{cite web|date=2 March 2020|first=Janani|last=K.|title=Rana Daggubati: I had to lose 30 kg to go from Bhallaladeva in Baahubali to Kaadan|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/rana-daggubati-i-had-to-lose-30kg-to-go-from-bhallaladeva-in-baahubali-to-kaadan-1651655-2020-03-02|access-date=26 July 2021|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title='Sir are you okay?': When Rana Daggubati's drastic weight loss left netizens concerned|url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/telugu-cinema/article/sir-are-you-okay-when-rana-daggubatis-drastic-weight-loss-left-netizens-concerned/694166|access-date=26 July 2021|website=www.zoomtventertainment.com|date=14 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=26 February 2020|title=Rana Daggubati Loses 30 Kilos For Haathi Mere Saathi|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/rana-daggubati-loses-30-kilos-for-haathi-mere-saathi-2516607.html|access-date=26 July 2021|website=News18|language=en}}</ref> Haricharan Pudipeddi of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' appreciated Rana's performance, calling it "one of his best till date."''<ref>{{cite web|date=26 March 2021|title=Kaadan movie review: Rana Daggubati's film does a disservice to noble story|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/kaadan-movie-review-rana-daggubati-s-film-does-a-disservice-to-noble-story-101616759223556.html|access-date=26 March 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>'' ''[[The Hans India]]'' called his performance "exceptional".<ref>{{cite web|last=hansindia|title=Aranya Movie Review & Rating {2.75/5}|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/movie-reviews/aranya-movie-review-rating-2755-78257|access-date=26 July 2021|website=www.thehansindia.com|date=26 March 2021|language=te}}</ref>

Rana had two film releases in 2022, the action thriller ''[[Bheemla Nayak]]'' and period action drama ''[[Virata Parvam]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 January 2021|title=Rana Daggubati Upcoming Movies 2021, Release Date, Trailer and Budget|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/rana-daggubati-upcoming-movies-2021-release-date-trailer-and-budget-1761009-2021-01-20|access-date=17 February 2021|work=India Today|language=en}}</ref> He began filming for the ''Bheemla Nayak'', co-starring [[Pawan Kalyan]] in January 2021.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=26 January 2021|title=Pawan Kalyan-Rana Daggubati's film: Makers unveil BTS video|language=en|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pawan-kalyan-rana-daggubatis-film-makers-unveil-bts-video/articleshow/80463238.cms|access-date=26 January 2021}}</ref> Rana was most recently seen co starring in the [[Netflix]] series ''[[Rana Naidu]]'' alongside his uncle [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]]. It is an official adaptation of the American crime drama series ''[[Ray Donovan]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/venkatesh-and-rana-daggubati-in-netflix-web-series-rana-naidu-adaptation-of-american-crime-drama-ray-donovan/article36603034.ece|title=Venkatesh, Rana Daggubati to star in Netflix web series 'Rana Naidu'|date=22 September 2021|work=The Hindu}}</ref>

== Production ==

Before his debut as an actor in 2010, he started his own production company, Spirit Media, which made the [[National Film Awards|National Film Award]] winning animation film, ''[[Bommalata]]'' (2004). He is also a partner in his family's production house, [[Ramanaidu Studios]].<ref name="53rdawardPDF">{{cite web|title=53rd National Film Awards|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/53rd_nff_2006.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215103958/http://dff.nic.in:80/2011/53rd_nff_2006.pdf|archive-date=15 December 2017|access-date=19 March 2012|work=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|pages=93–94}}</ref><ref name="Rana Daggubati – Anthill Studio">{{cite news |title=Anthill Ventures and Suresh Productions launch Anthill Studio |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/anthill-ventures-and-suresh-productions-launch-anthill-studio/articleshow/65053439.cms |access-date=13 December 2023 |work=The Economic Times |date=19 July 2018}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=B |first=Satya |date=10 September 2020 |title=Ramanaidu Studios: Over To Rana Daggubati? |url=https://www.gulte.com/movienews/23673/ramanaidu-studios-over-to-rana-daggubati |access-date=25 April 2023 |website=Gulte |language=en-US}}</ref> He is also invested in many other ventures as well.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rana Daggubati - Articles & Biography |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-in/topic/rana-daggubati |access-date=25 April 2023 |website=Entrepreneur |language=en}}</ref>

== Business ventures and other works ==

Five years before becoming an actor,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/ranadaggubati/status/69432448022360064?lang=en|title=Spirit media P. Limited was the company I owned and worked for 5yrs before being an actor.|last=Daggubati|first=Rana|date=14 May 2011|website=@ranadaggubati|language=en|access-date=27 July 2019}}</ref> in 2005, Rana entered the visual effects business with Spirit Media.<ref name="Rana Daggubati – Anthill Studio" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/36358/acting-came-naturally-me-rana.html|title=Acting came naturally to me: Rana|date=17 November 2009|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|access-date=27 July 2019}}</ref> The company specialised in animation and VFX,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aidb.com/?ltype=list&cat=btype&btype=012&loc2=India&offset=0&order=&company_no=21403|title=AWN's Animation Industry Database|website=www.aidb.com|access-date=27 July 2019}} {{dead link|date=August 2021}}</ref> and worked on over 70 films.<ref>{{Cite web |last=V. Kurmanath |first=K. |date=15 March 2023 |title=Rana Daggubati-backed Spirit Media gets funding |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/rana-daggubati-backed-spirit-media-gets-funding/article66622603.ece |access-date=26 April 2023 |website=www.thehindubusinessline.com |language=en}}</ref>

Along with films, he also starred in a web series called ''Social''.<ref>{{cite web|date=9 September 2017|title=Rana Daggubati on his new web series Social, and why venturing into the digital space is so exciting|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/rana-daggubati-on-his-new-web-series-social-and-why-venturing-into-the-digital-space-is-so-exciting-4025015.html|access-date=27 July 2021|website=Firstpost}}</ref> Since 2017, Rana is the host of the Telugu Television talk-show ''[[No. 1 Yaari]]''. The show has completed four seasons over a span of five years, hosting celebrities such as [[Vijay Deverakonda]], [[S.S. Rajamouli]], [[Nani (actor)|Nani]], [[Kajal Aggarwal]], [[Naga Chaitanya]], [[Tamannaah]], [[Rakul Preet Singh]], [[Ram Pothineni]], [[Navdeep]], [[Nikhil Siddharth]], and others''.''<ref>{{cite web|date=9 March 2020|title=No. 1 Yaari with Rana season 3 to premiere on March 15|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/no-1-yaari-with-rana-season-3-to-premiere-on-march-15/articleshow/74555010.cms|access-date=8 August 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> He also dubbed for the character [[Thanos]] in the Telugu dubbed version of ''[[Avengers: Infinity War]].''<ref>{{Cite news|date=26 March 2018|title=Avengers: Infinity War Telugu dubbed version to feature Rana Daggubati's voice as supervillain Thanos|work=Firstpost|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/avengers-infinity-war-telugu-dubbed-version-to-feature-rana-daggubatis-voice-as-supervillain-thanos-4405387.html|access-date=23 November 2020}}</ref>

In 2018, he entered into a [[joint venture]] with Kwan Entertainment and Marketing Solutions.<ref>{{cite web|last=K. V.|first=Kurmanath|date=16 January 2018|title=Kwan ties up with Rana Daggubati|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/kwan-ties-up-with-rana-daggubati/article9202445.ece|access-date=27 July 2019|website=The Hindu BusinessLine|language=en}}</ref> Set up as a studio style agency, Kwan South's divisions include talent management, casting, live performances and appearances, film packaging, production support- TV and Commercials, brand associations- endorsements, digital and film partnerships.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|last=Bureau|first=Adgully|date=18 July 2018|title=Kwan South aims to herald a new era for Entertainment|url=https://www.adgully.com/kwan-south-aims-to-herald-a-new-era-for-entertainment-79331.html|access-date=27 July 2019|website=www.adgully.com|language=en-US}}</ref> It was expanded with an office in Chennai.<ref name=":2" />

Following the business venture, in the same year, he tied up with Anthill Ventures, an investment and scaling platform for early growth stage start-ups, to launch Anthill Studio.<ref>{{Citation|last=Rode|first=Alan K.|chapter=A Stirred-up Anthill|date=17 November 2017|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn=978-0-8131-7391-7|doi=10.5810/kentucky/9780813173917.003.0005|title=Michael Curtiz}}</ref> Anthill Studio is a business accelerator program focused on technology startups in Media & Entertainment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://anthillstudio.co/|title=Accelerator Program for Media and Entertainment Startups|language=en-US|access-date=27 July 2019}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=August 2021}} The studio supports and mentors disruptive startups in leading-edge technologies such as [[Artificial intelligence]] (AI), [[augmented reality]] and [[virtual reality]] (AR/VR), [[blockchain]], visual effects (VFX), cloud rendering, [[machine learning]] (ML), [[internet of things]] (IoT) and big data and analytics.<ref>{{Cite news|date=8 February 2019|title=Anthill Ventures, Suresh Productions invite applications for second cohort of Anthill Studio|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/anthill-ventures-suresh-productions-invite-applications-for-second-cohort-of-anthill-studio/articleshow/67896879.cms|access-date=27 July 2019}}</ref>

In 2019, he bought a stake in the one of India's leading comic book companies, [[Amar Chitra Katha]] and became director of the company, backed by Future Group.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/interviews/rana-daggubati-on-giving-amar-chitra-katha-a-tech-revamp-and-learning-from-the-baahubali-success-story|title=Rana Daggubati On Giving Amar Chitra Katha A Tech Revamp|date=6 July 2019|website=Film Companion|language=en-US|access-date=27 July 2019}}</ref> In March 2019, he opened a learning center for art and design, life skills, performing arts and vedic science and ethics in Hyderabad.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/amar-chitra-katha-sets-up-its-first-creative-learning-centre-in-hyderabad-bolstered-by-support-from-rana-daggubati/article26687258.ece|title=ACK Alive: Space for all things creative|last=Dundoo|first=Sangeetha Devi|date=30 March 2019|work=The Hindu|access-date=27 July 2019|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The same year, he acquired the co-ownership of [[Hyderabad FC]], a professional football club based in Hyderabad. The club competes in the [[Indian Super League]]. After acquiring ownership, Rana stated "Hyderabad has a great legacy with the sport. This team, therefore, is a chance to rekindle that legacy."<ref name="Rana">{{cite news|date=24 October 2019|title=Rana Daggubati joins Hyderabad FC as co-owner|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/rana-daggubati-joins-hyderabad-fc-as-co-owner/articleshow/71745491.cms|url-status=live|access-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518105755/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/rana-daggubati-joins-hyderabad-fc-as-co-owner/articleshow/71745491.cms|archive-date=18 May 2021}}</ref>

Rana has launched his own [[YouTube]] channel SouthBay. Live on 15 November 2020.<ref>{{cite web|date=10 November 2020|title=Rana Daggubati launches his YouTube channel called South Bay: Very exciting time to be content producer|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities/rana-daggubati-launches-his-youtube-channel-called-south-bay-very-exciting-time-to-be-content-producer-663674|access-date=27 July 2021|website=India TV News|language=en}}</ref> Reportedly, the channel streams various content including podcasts, fiction and non-fictions unscripted shows, live chat shows, music, animation, etc.<ref>{{cite web|date=9 November 2020|title=Rana Daggubati launches his YouTube channel South Bay|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/rana-daggubati-launches-youtube-channel-south-bay-7025388/|access-date=27 July 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

In 2022, Rana launched a men's grooming platform named DCRAF in association with [[Roposo]]. DCRAF is a part of Roposo's Glance digital initiative.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ranipeta |first1=Shilpa |title=Live commerce platform Roposo partners with actor Rana Daggubati to launch co-created men's grooming brand 'DCRAF' |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/companies/live-commerce-platform-roposo-partners-with-actor-rana-daggubati-to-launch-co-created-mens-grooming-brand-dcraf-13094542.htm |access-date=24 April 2022 |work=CNBC TV18 |date=8 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life and public image ==
[[File:Rana-Daggubati.jpg|thumb|Daggubati in IIJW 2013]]
During the 2010s, Rana was in a relationship with [[Trisha Krishnan]], from which they both parted ways and remained civil and friends.<ref>{{Cite news |title=When Rana Daggubati admitted to breaking up with Trisha Krishnan: 'She has been my friend for a decade, but...' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/when-rana-daggubati-admitted-to-breaking-up-with-trisha-krishnan-she-has-been-my-friend-for-a-decade-but-/articleshow/117244429.cms |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |date=19 January 2025 |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> Rana got engaged to his girlfriend, Miheeka Bajaj, founder of Dew Drop Design Studio, on 20 May 2020 at Ramanaidu Studios.<ref>{{cite web|date=12 May 2020|title=Baahubali actor Rana Daggubati gets engaged to entrepreneur Miheeka Bajaj|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/story/baahubali-actor-rana-daggubati-gets-engaged-to-entrepreneur-miheeka-bajaj-257948-2020-05-12|access-date=6 August 2021|website=Business Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=21 May 2021|title=Rana Daggubati gets engaged to Miheeka Bajaj at Ramanaidu Studios in Hyderabad|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rana-daggubati-gets-engaged-to-miheeka-bajaj-at-ramanaidu-studios-in-hyderabad/article31639123.ece|access-date=6 August 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> They married on 8 August 2020 at Ramanaidu Studios.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Raghuvanshi|first=Aakanksha|date=10 August 2020|title=Inside Pics From Miheeka Bajaj And Rana Daggubati's Wedding|work=NDTV|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/inside-pics-from-miheeka-bajaj-and-rana-daggubatis-wedding-2276476|access-date=6 August 2021}}</ref>

Rana has appeared in ''[[Forbes India]]''{{'}}s [[Forbes Celebrity 100|Celebrity 100]] list in 2017 at the 36th position.<ref>{{cite web|last=Gona|first=Sai Durga|title=Check Out The List Of Telugu Actors In Forbes India Celebrity 100 – Wirally|date=23 December 2017 |url=https://wirally.com/check-out-the-list-of-telugu-actors-in-forbes-india-celebrity-100/|access-date=27 July 2021|language=en-US}}</ref> He was ranked twentieth on the [[The Times of India|Times' 50 Most Desirable Men]] for the year 2011,<ref>{{cite news|title=Times Most Desirable Men of 2011: Rana Daggubati – No. 20 – Video|work=The Times of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/lifestyle/Times-Most-Desirable-Men-of-2011-Rana-Daggubati--No-20/videoshow/11759965.cms}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=16 December 2011|title=Bipasha is like family: Rana Daggubati|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Bipasha-is-like-family-Rana-Daggubati/articleshow/11129456.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207053812/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-16/news-interviews/30524477_1_rana-daggubati-naa-ishtam-bipasha-basu|archive-date=7 December 2013}}</ref> tenth in 2012,<ref>{{cite news|title=Times top 50 Most Desirable Men of 2012|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/times-top-50-most-desirable-men-of-2012/articleshow/19895114.cms|access-date=27 July 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> thirteenth in 2013, seventeenth in 2014,<ref>{{cite news|title=Times 50 Most Desirable Men 2014|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/times-50-most-desirable-men-2014/articleshow/47071834.cms|access-date=27 July 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en|last1=Gupta |first1=Priya }}</ref> eleventh in 2015,<ref>{{cite news|title=Rana Daggubati is on No. 11 on Times Most Desirable Men 2015 list!|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/rana-daggubati/articleshow/52163604.cms|access-date=27 July 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> twenty-fourth in 2016, seventh in 2017,<ref>{{cite news|title=Here are the other winners of The Times 50 Most Desirable Men 2017|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/here-are-the-other-winners-of-the-times-50-most-desirable-men-2017/articleshow/64017683.cms|access-date=27 July 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> nineteenth in 2018,<ref>{{cite web|title=Top 50 Desirable Man Of 2018, As Per Times Of India – Wirally|date=17 May 2019 |url=https://wirally.com/top-50-desirable-man-of-2018/|access-date=27 July 2021}}</ref> thirteenth in 2019,<ref>{{cite web|date=22 August 2020|title=Times 50 Most Desirable Men 2019: Vijay Deverakonda Beats Ram Charan and Rana Daggubati|url=https://english.sakshi.com/news/entertainment/vijay-deverakonda-beats-ram-charan-and-rana-daggubati-123143|access-date=27 July 2021|website=Sakshi Post|language=en}}</ref> and twenty-eighth in 2020.<ref>{{cite web|last=Madhu|first=Vignesh|date=5 June 2021|title=5 South Indian actors in the Times Most Desirable Man of 2020; Here's the full list|url=http://onlookersmedia.in/latestnews/5-south-indian-actors-times-most-desirable-man-of-2020-heres-full-list/|access-date=27 July 2021|website=onlookersmedia|language=en-US}}</ref> For the year 2011, he was voted "The Most Promising Newcomer of 2011" for the same poll.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Most Promising Newcomer of 2011 – Male |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/The-Most-Promising-Newcomer-of-2011--Male/articleshow/12402801.cms |work=The Times of India |date=26 March 2012 |access-date=5 May 2013}}</ref> He was ranked twenty-ninth in ''[[Eastern Eye]]''{{'}}s "Sexiest Asian Men", in 2015.<ref>{{cite news |title=Meet the Sexiest Asian Men! |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/meet-the-sexiest-asian-men/20151217.htm |work=Rediff |date=17 December 2015 |access-date=20 March 2024}}</ref> In 2011, he was featured in ''[[GQ (Indian edition)|GQ]]'' India's Best Dressed Men list.<ref>{{cite news |title=IMAGES: Best-dressed Indian men of 2011! |url=https://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-glamour-best-dressed-indian-men-of-2011/20110613.htm |work=Rediff |date=13 June 2011 |access-date=20 March 2024}}</ref> He was the eleventh most searched celebrity in 2017, on [[Google Search]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Google's most searched celebrities of 2017 revealed: Bigg Boss 11 contestants dominate the list |url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/sunny-leone-arshi-khan-shilpa-shinde-disha-patani-4982525/ |work=The Indian Express |date=15 December 2017 |access-date=3 August 2021}}</ref>

Rana have signed endorsement deal with Upon in 2020<ref>{{cite web|date=6 October 2020|title=Ubon ropes in Rana Daggubati as brand ambassador|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/brandwagon/ubon-ropes-in-rana-daggubati-as-brand-ambassador/2099364/|access-date=6 August 2021|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}</ref> and with [[CEAT (company)|CEAT]] in 2021.<ref>{{cite web|date=13 February 2021|title='CEAT' Ropes In Rana Daggubati As Brand Ambassador For New Range Of Bike Tyres|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/business-news-ceat-ropes-in-rana-daggubati-as-brand-ambassador-for-new-range-of-bike-tyres/374143|access-date=6 August 2021|website=Outlook}}</ref> In addition, he has been the brand ambassador of [[Telugu Titans]] in the [[Pro Kabaddi League]].<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Writer |first=Oneindia Staff |date=8 August 2017 |title=Pro Kabaddi signs actor Rana Daggubati as brand ambassador |url=https://www.mykhel.com/kabaddi/pro-kabaddi-signs-actor-rana-daggubati-as-brand-ambassador-018352.html |access-date=26 April 2023 |website=www.mykhel.com |language=en}}</ref> On 1 June 2021, [[Sony Pictures Networks India]] have launched the sports channel [[Sony Ten|Sony Ten 4]],<ref>{{cite web|title=SPNI to launch two new sports channels TEN 4 & TEN 4 HD – Exchange4media|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/spni-to-launch-two-new-sports-channels-ten-4-ten-4-hd-113062.html|access-date=27 July 2021|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media|date=21 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref> for which Rana was signed as the brand ambassador and promoter.<ref name=":3">{{cite web|last=Adivi|first=Sashidhar|date=19 July 2021|title=My madness is now more organised: Rana Daggubati|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/190721/my-madness-is-now-more-organised-rana-daggubati.html|access-date=27 July 2021|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Mohan|first=Megha|date=17 June 2021|title=Sony Pictures Sports Network's strings to Rana Daggubati as "face of SONY TEN 4"|url=https://www.passionateinmarketing.com/sony-pictures-sports-networks-strings-to-rana-daggubati-as-face-of-sony-ten-4/|access-date=6 August 2021|website=Passionate In Marketing|language=en-US}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=August 2021}} In March 2025, an FIR was filed against him for the alleged promotion of betting apps and platforms.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Das |first=Ananya |date=20 March 2025 |title=FIR filed against Rana Daggubati, Vijay Deverakonda, Lakshmi Manchu and others for promoting gambling platforms |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/fir-filed-against-rana-daggubati-vijay-deverakonda-lakshmi-manchu-and-others-for-promoting-gambling-platforms-101742455542998.html |work=Hindustan Times |agency=ANI |access-date=20 March 2025}}</ref>

== Awards and nominations ==
{{BLP sources section|date=August 2021}}
;[[National Film Awards]]
*[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu|Best Feature Film in Telugu]] – Co-producer (Spirit Media) – ''[[Bommalata]]'' (2007)<ref name="53rdawardPDF" />

;[[Filmfare Awards South]]
*[[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut – South|Best Male Debut]] – ''[[Leader (2010 film)|Leader]]'' (2010)
*[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu|Best Supporting Actor – Telugu]] – ''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]'' (2018)
*[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu|Best Supporting Actor – Telugu]] – ''[[Bheemla Nayak]]'' (2024)

;[[Nandi Awards]]
*[[Nandi Award for Best Special Effects|Best Special Effects]] (Spirit Media) – ''[[Sainikudu]]'' (2006)<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/the-multifaceted-leader/article2884906.ece The multifaceted 'leader']. The Hindu (12 February 2012). Retrieved 23 April 2016.</ref>
*[[Nandi Award for Best Villain|Best Villain]] – ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]'' (2015), ''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]'' (2017)

;[[Zee Cine Awards]]
*[[Zee Cine Award for Best Male Debut|Best Male Debut]] – ''[[Dum Maaro Dum (film)|Dum Maro Dum]]'' (2011)

;[[South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Awards]]
*[[1st South Indian International Movie Awards|Youth Icon of South Indian Cinema]] (2011)
*[[SIIMA Critics Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor Critics' – Telugu]] – ''[[Krishnam Vande Jagadgurum]]'' (2012)
*[[SIIMA Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role – Telugu|Best Actor in a Negative Role – Telugu]] – ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]'' (2016)
*[[SIIMA Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role – Telugu|Best Actor in a Negative Role – Telugu]] – ''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]'' (2018)
*Entertainer of the Year – ''Baahubali 2: The Conclusion'' / ''Ghazi'' / ''Nene Raju Nene Mantri''
*[[SIIMA Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu|Best Supporting Actor – Telugu]] – ''[[Bheemla Nayak]]'' (2023)

'''[[IIFA Utsavam]]'''
*[[IIFA Utsavam|Best Actor in a Negative Role]] – ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]'' (2016)
[[Asiavision Awards|'''Asiavision Movie Awards''']]
*Best Actor (From south) – ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]'' (2015)

'''[[CineMAA Awards]]'''
*[[CineMAA Awards|Best Male Debut]] – ''[[Leader (2010 film)|Leader]]'' (2010)
*[[CineMAA Awards|Best Villain]] – ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]'' (2016)
'''[[Santosham Film Awards]]'''

* [[Santosham Best Villain Award|Best Villain Award]] – ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]'' (2016)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|2281292}}
* {{Facebook}}

{{Rana Daggubati}}
{{Zee Cine Award for Best Male Debut}}{{SIIMA Critics Award for Best Actor – Telugu}}{{SIIMA Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role – Telugu}}{{Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu}}{{SIIMA Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu}}{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Daggubati, Rana}}
[[Category:Akkineni–Daggubati family|Rana Daggubati]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]
[[Category:Indian visual effects artists]]
[[Category:Visual effects supervisors]]
[[Category:Special effects coordinators]]
[[Category:Indian male voice actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Male actors from Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian people with disabilities]]
[[Category:Indian actors with disabilities]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Telugu film producers]]
[[Category:Film producers from Chennai]]
[[Category:Santosham Film Awards winners]]
[[Category:Zee Cine Awards winners]]
[[Category:Male actors from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:South Indian International Movie Awards winners]]
[[Category:Indian television talk show hosts]]
[[Category:IIFA Utsavam winners]]

Uday Vishwanath Deshpande

2026-03-15T06:17:02Z

Dwps: new pg!

{{notability|1=Biographies|date=April 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Uday Vishwanath Deshpande
| caption =
| other_names =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1953|7|20}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| citizenship = India
| education = [[Bachelor of Science]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Mumbai]]
| occupation = Mallakhamb coach
| years_active = 1973–present
| known_for = Promoting and revitalizing Mallakhamb worldwide
| notable_works = Padma Shri award recipient
| awards = [[Padma Shri]]
| website = {{URL|https://deshpandeuday.com}}
}}

'''Uday Vishwanath Deshpande''' (born 20 July 1953) is an Indian Mallakhamb coach and Padma Shri awardee recognized for his contributions to the Indian sport of [[Mallakhamb]]. Deshpande has been instrumental in promoting Mallakhamb at a global level, conducting workshops and training sessions in over 48 countries.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-25 |title=Uday Vishwanath Deshpande: Coach of traditional Indian sport Mallakhamb gets Padma Shri award |url=https://www.news9live.com/sports/uday-vishwanath-deshpande-coach-of-traditional-indian-sport-mallakhamb-gets-padma-shri-award-2418793 |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=News9live |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-26 |title=Padma Awards winners: Olympic gold medallist, Grand Slam-winner, Mallakhamb flagbearer honoured |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/padma-awards-winners-olympic-gold-medallist-grand-slam-winner-mallakhamb-flagbearer-honoured/articleshow/107173103.cms |access-date=2024-06-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-25 |title=34 Unsung Heroes of India Conferred Padma Awards {{!}} Who Are They? Here's The List |url=https://www.news18.com/india/34-unsung-heroes-of-india-conferred-padma-awards-who-are-they-heres-the-list-8754762.html |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Deshpande was born in [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]. He completed his B.Sc. in Chemistry and Botany from the [[University of Mumbai]] in 1973. Deshpande is married to Sukhada and has two children, Omkar and Aditi. His family has been supportive of his career, with his daughter Aditi also involved in teaching aerial silk in the United States.<ref>{{Cite news |title=International Mallakhamb Coach Uday Deshpande's Earns Padma Shri Prestige |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/international-mallakhamb-coach-uday-deshpandes-earns-padma-shri-prestige |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en | first=Megha | last=Kuchik | date=29 January 2024 }}</ref>

== Career ==
Deshpande began his career as a Mallakhamb coach in the early 1970s. He is currently the chief coach at Shree Samartha Vyayam Mandir in Mumbai, where he has trained thousands of students. Under his guidance, Mallakhamb has not only revived in India but also gained international attention.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-18 |title=How a coach roped the world into mallakhamb |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/uday-deshpande-the-coach-behind-the-revival-of-mallakhamb/articleshow/107794043.cms |access-date=2024-06-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=International Mallakhamb Coach Uday Deshpande's Earns Padma Shri Prestige |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/international-mallakhamb-coach-uday-deshpandes-earns-padma-shri-prestige |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref>

== Awards and recognition ==
In 2024, Deshpande was awarded the [[Padma Shri]], India's fourth-highest civilian award, for his efforts in sports. He is often referred to as the 'Mallakhamb Pitamah' for his pioneering work in popularizing the sport.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Getting this award is a huge achievement": Uday Vishwanath Deshpande on honoured with Padma Shri |url=https://www.msn.com/ |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | date=2024-01-26 |title=Bopanna, Chinappa Among 7 Sportspersons Shortlisted For Padma Shri Award 2024, Check Full List |url=https://news.abplive.com/sports/rohan-bopanna-in-seven-sportspersons-shortlisted-for-padma-shri-award-2024-check-full-list-here-1659541 |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Legacy and impact ==
Deshpande's work in Mallakhamb has led to its inclusion in sports curricula across several countries, creating a new generation of instructors and practitioners. His initiatives have significantly contributed to the sport's recognition as a means to enhance physical and mental fitness.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uday Vishwanath Deshpande: मलखम्ब कोच उदय को पद्म श्री सम्मान, 50 देश के 5000 से अधिक लोगों के कोच रहे |url=https://www.amarujala.com/sports/malkhamb-coach-uday-vishwanath-deshpande-honored-with-padma-shri-coached-more-than-5000-people-of-50-countries-2024-01-25 |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==

{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:People from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian sports coaches]]
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports]]

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Sports}}

Hide N' Seek (2012 film)

2026-03-03T20:48:49Z

Dwps: new stub!

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Hide n' Seek.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Promotional Poster
| director = Anil
| producer = Sandhya Rajendran
| writer = Vikram S Nair
| starring = [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] [[Shankar (actor)|Shankar]]
| music = Rajamani
| cinematography = [[Anandakuttan]]
| editing = P.C.Mohanan
| studio = [[Kalidasa Kalakendram|Kalidasa International Movies]]
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2012|12|08}}
| runtime =
| country = [[India]]
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
}}
'''''Hide N' Seek''''' is a 2012 Indian [[Malayalam|Malayalam-language]] drama film directed by Anil.<ref>{{cite web |title=Malayalam Movie Hide N Seek Firstlook |url=http://keralaboxoffice.com/malayalam-movie-hide-n-seek-firstlook |accessdate=2012-06-29 |date=19 June 2012 |archive-date=22 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622072702/http://keralaboxoffice.com/malayalam-movie-hide-n-seek-firstlook |url-status=dead }}</ref> The film stars [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]], [[Divyadarshan]], [[Sonia Mann (actress)|Sonia Mann]] and [[Shankar Panicker|Shankar]] in pivotal roles.<ref name=a/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/location/283313/ |title=ജീവിതത്തിന്റെ ഹൈഡ് ആന്റ് സീക്ക്, Location - Mathrubhumi Movies |access-date=3 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702141734/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/location/283313/ |archive-date=2 July 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Kalidasa Kalakendram]], a renowned drama company founded by [[O. Madhavan]], ventured into film production through the film under Kalidasa International Movies.<ref name=a>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kalidasa-kalakendram-to-produce-a-movie-news-malayalam-mf5rlDfhcccsi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207155116/https://www.sify.com/movies/kalidasa-kalakendram-to-produce-a-movie-news-malayalam-mf5rlDfhcccsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 December 2019 |title='Kalidasa Kalakendram' to produce a movie |website=[[Sify]] |date=31 May 2012 |accessdate=25 July 2017}}</ref> The film is loosely based on the critically acclaimed South Korean [[Romance film|romantic]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] ''[[3-Iron]]'' by [[Kim Ki-duk]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/hide-seek-malayalam-movie-review-11955 | title=Hide & Seek review. Hide & Seek Malayalam movie review, story, rating }}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] as Solomon / Niranjan
* Shalu kurian as Mukesh's wife
*[[Divyadarshan]] as Naveen
*[[Natasha Doshi]] as Gowri
*[[Shankar (actor)|Shankar]] as Niranjan
* Maha Gaida as Miryam, a Tunisian actress and an Arabic cinema expert
* [[Anil Murali]]

==Production==
This was Rajamani's last film as music director. The director of photography of the film was Anandakkuttan and the songs were written by [[O. N. V. Kurup]]. The trio died in 3 consecutive days (13 February 2016 - ONV Kurup, 14 February 2016 - Anandakkuttan, 15 February 2016 - Rajamani).<ref>[https://www.ibtimes.co.in/music-director-rajamani-cinematographer-anandakuttan-die-celebs-offer-condolences-666958 International Business Times]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt4226200|Hide N' Seek (2012)}}

[[Category:2012 films]]
[[Category:2012 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of South Korean films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films about abuse]]
[[Category:Indian romantic fantasy films]]

{{2010s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Jay Vasavada

2026-02-27T08:52:41Z

Dwps: improved article

{{Short description|Gujarati writer}}
{{Infobox person
| name =Jay Vasavada
| image = 21-11-2018 Jay Vsavda.jpg
| caption = Vasavada at Gujarat Vishwakosh Trust in 2018
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1973|10|06|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bhavnagar]], [[Gujarat]], India
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = Columnist, orator
| years_active = 1996–present
| notable_works =
| parents = Jayshree, Lalit Vasavada
}}

''' Jay Vasavada''' is [[Gujarati language]] writer, orator and columnist from India. Born in Bhavnagar and brought up in [[Gondal, Gujarat]], he writes columns in various publications since 1996. He has published several books compiling his columns.

==Early life==
Jay Vasavada was born on 6 October 1973 in [[Bhavnagar]], [[Gujarat]], India. His father Lalit Vasavada was a lecturer of Gujarati language, and his mother Jayshree Vasavada was a matron at Adhyapan Mandir, [[Junagadh]]. His mother left job after his birth and become full-time housewife and his teacher. He completed his primary education studying at home. He completed his secondary education from Vidhya Mandir School, Gondal. He joined Swaminarayan Gurukul for higher secondary education in science. He failed in 12th grade board examinations. He later enrolled in commerce education. He passed higher secondary and graduated with specialization in management.<ref name="Dave 2004">{{cite web | last=Dave | first=Parag | title=એક વર્ષમાં લઘુ નવલ લખવાની ઇચ્છા છેઃ જય વસાવડા | website=Forget...If U Can!!! | date=27 February 2004 | url=https://daveparag.blogspot.in/2009/05/blog-post.html | language=gu | accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}

==Career==
He served as a lecturer of marketing for three years in Commerce College affiliated with [[Saurashtra University]]. He later served as principal-in-charge. He frequently lectures at Academic Staff College, Saurashtra University.

His writing career started with articles published in newspaper in [[Rajkot]]. He later joined ''[[Gujarat Samachar]]'' as columnist in 1996<ref name="Dave 2004"/> which publishes his two weekly columns, ''Anavrutta'' and ''Spectrometre''. He writes column ''Rangat Sangat'' in Gujarati weekly ''Abhiyaan'' since 2008. He previously wrote daily column in Mumbai edition of ''[[Mid-day]]''. He wrote for ''Anokhee'', ''Aarpaar'' and ''Gujarat'' monthlies.<ref name="Opinion Online Gujarati Thoughts Journal">{{cite web | title=Opinion Online Gujarati Thoughts Journal | website=Opinion Online Gujarati Thoughts Journal | url=http://opinionmagazine.co.uk/details/505/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A3%E0%AA%B8-%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%87-%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%80-%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE | language=gu | accessdate=24 June 2015 | archive-date=4 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050355/http://opinionmagazine.co.uk/details/505/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A3%E0%AA%B8-%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%87-%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%80-%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Google Books 2015">{{cite web | title=Pen power | website=Google Books | date=28 May 2015 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JmxAAQAAIAAJ | accessdate=24 June 2015| last1=Rebello | first1=Leo }}</ref> He delivers lectures across Gujarat on different subjects.<ref name="DeshGujarat 2012">{{cite web | author=DeshGujarat | title=Jay Vasavada, Sharad Thakar: Speeches at Asmita Parva(Videos) | website=DeshGujarat | date=4 April 2012 | url=http://DeshGujarat.Com/2012/04/04/jay-vasavada-sharad-thakar-kaajal-oza-vaidya-speeches-at-asmita-parvavideos/ | accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref><ref name="Akilanews.com 2015">{{cite web | title=કૃષ્ણ કે અર્જુને બ્રહ્મચર્યની માત્ર વાતો કરી છે, પાળ્યુ નથી : જય વસાવડા | website=Akilanews.com | date=24 June 2015 | url=http://www.akilanews.com/10092013/rajkot-news/1548451378794600-15484 | language=gu | accessdate=24 June 2015 | archive-date=4 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304110108/http://www.akilanews.com/10092013/rajkot-news/1548451378794600-15484 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="NEWS OF GUJARAT 2014">{{cite web | title=જય વસાવડા,ભાગ્યેશ જ્હા,શાહબુદ્દીન રાઠોડ,યોગેશ ગઠવીએ કૃષ્ણ વિશે એવું તો કેવું બોલ્યા કે હજારો લોકોની જન્માષ્ટમી યાદગાર બની,વાંચો | website=NEWS OF GUJARAT | date=19 August 2014 | url=http://newsofgujarat.com/news.php?id=8564 | language=gu | accessdate=24 June 2015 | archive-date=22 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322021900/http://www.newsofgujarat.com/news.php?id=8564 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="globalgujaratnews.com 2012">{{cite web | title=સકારાત્મક પરિણામ માટે મતદાન કરવું જય વસાવડા | website=globalgujaratnews.com | date=30 October 2012 | url=https://www.globalgujaratnews.com/article/voting-for-positive-result-says-jay-vasavada/ | language=gu | accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref><ref name="Vibhakar 2009">{{cite web | last=Vibhakar | first=Devang | title=Interview of Jay Vasavada – a vibrant and eminent writer | website=SpeakBindas | date=14 February 2009 | url=https://www.speakbindas.com/interview-of-jay-vasavada/ | accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref><ref name="Shah 2014">{{cite web | last=Shah | first=Kinjal | title=Writing More Important: Ahmedabad's First Gujarati Literature Festival Opened on Friday with a Fiery and Interesting Discussion between Four Renowned Authors and the Audience Gujarati Literature Festival | website=DNA |via=HighBeam| date=4 January 2014 | url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-3172533161.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301134524/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-3172533161.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=1 March 2016 | accessdate=2 October 2015}}</ref>

He hosted Gujarati celebrity talk show ''Samvaad'' on [[ETV Gujarati]] for 225 episodes. He served as writer and anchor of cultural TV series ''Aaswaad'' on [[Doordarshan|DD Girnar]]. He frequently delivers speeches on [[All India Radio]]. He had scripted and presented weekend radio show ''Cinema Sizzlers'' on [[BIG FM 92.7]] Rajkot.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}} He performed a [[Cameo appearance|cameo]] in Gujarati film ''[[Bey Yaar]]'' (2014).<ref name="DeshGujarat 2014">{{cite web | author=DeshGujarat | title=First day first show of Bey Yaar, and maker's brief talk to audience(Video) | website=DeshGujarat | date=29 August 2014 | url=https://DeshGujarat.Com/2014/08/29/first-day-first-show-of-bey-yaar-and-makers-brief-talk-to-audiencevideo/ | accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref>

He was honored with a special award by a World Talent Organization in the World Amazing Talent Category for his dedicated work towards Gujarati Literature.<ref name="Globalbazaar.news">{{cite web | title = ગર્વ: અમેરિકાની ખ્યાતનામ વર્લ્ડ ટેલેન્ટ ઓર્ગેનાઇઝેશન કંપની દ્વારા કટારલેખક, વક્તા, સાહિત્યકાર જય વસાવડાને વર્લ્ડ અમેઝિંગ ટેલેન્ટ એવોર્ડ એનાયાત કરવામાં આવ્યો
| url = https://globalbazaar.news/globalbazaar/2020/12/21/world-amazing-talent-award-presented-to-columnist-orator-writer-jay-vasavada-by-world-talent-organization-company-of-america/ | website = Globalbazaar.news | date = 20 December 2020 |language=gu}}</ref><ref name="News18">{{cite web | title = રાજકોટઃ અમેરિકાની કંપની દ્વારા જય વસાવડા તેમજ સાંઈરામ દવેને વર્લ્ડ અમેઝિંગ ટેલેન્ટ એવોર્ડ એનાયત | url = https://gujarati.news18.com/news/kutchh-saurastra/rajkot-american-company-awards-world-amazing-talent-award-to-jay-vasavada-and-sairam-dave-rajkot-ap-1056869.html | website = News18 | date = 20 December 2020 | language = gu | access-date = 15 March 2021 | archive-date = 20 December 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201220161714/https://gujarati.news18.com/news/kutchh-saurastra/rajkot-american-company-awards-world-amazing-talent-award-to-jay-vasavada-and-sairam-dave-rajkot-ap-1056869.html | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="Divya Bhaskar">{{cite web | title = એવોર્ડ એનાયત: વર્લ્ડ ટેલેન્ટ ઓર્ગેનાઇઝેશને જય વસાવડા અને સાંઇરામ દવેને વર્લ્ડ અમેઝિંગ ટેલેન્ટ એવોર્ડ એનાયત... | url =https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/local/gujarat/bharuch/ankleshwar/news/world-talent-organization-awarded-world-amazing-talent-award-to-jay-vasavada-and-sairam-dave-128040773.html | website = Divya Bhaskar | date = 20 December 2020 |language=gu}}</ref>

==Works==
He published several books compiling his columns in collections; ''Yuvahava'', ''Mahiti Ane Manoranjan'', ''Sahitya Ane Cinema'', ''Aah Hindustan Oh Hindustan'', ''Spectrometre'' (2001), ''Life@Kite'', ''Anavrutta'' (2008), ''Science Samandar'', ''Knowledge Nagariya'', ''G.K. Jungle'', ''JSK - Jai Shri Krishna'', ''Preet Kiye Sukh Hoy'' (2010), ''Jai Ho'' (2012),<ref name="www.divyabhaskar.co.in 2012">{{cite web | title=જય વસાવડાના પુસ્તક ઉપર વાર્તાલાપ | website=www.divyabhaskar.co.in | date=20 September 2012 | url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/news-fb/DGUJ-2144566-3813089.html | language=gu | accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref> ''Vacation Station'' (2015), ''Mummy Pappa'' (2016).

==See also==
* [[List of Gujarati-language writers]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [https://planetjv.wordpress.com/a/ Official blog]
* {{IMDb name}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vasavada, Jay}}
[[Category:Gujarati-language writers]]
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:People from Rajkot district]]
[[Category:Indian columnists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Gujarati people]]

Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actor in a Drama Series

2026-02-27T08:26:29Z

Dwps: new a stub

{{Short description|Annual Indian film award}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox award
| name = [[Producers Guild Film Awards|Producers Guild Film Award]] for Best Actor in a Drama Series
| image = {{Photo montage
| photo1a = Ronit Roy with brother Rohit Roy at Zee Rishtey Awards 2011 cropped.jpg
| photo1b = Mohit Raina (cropped).jpg
| spacing = 2
| position = centre
| size = 230
| border = 0
| color = #FFFFFF
| foot_montage =
}}
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = The 2015 Recipient: [[Ronit Roy]] & [[Mohit Raina]]
| subheader =
| awarded_for = Best Performance by an Actor in a Lead Role on Television
| sponsor = [[Producers Guild Film Awards|Film & Television Producers Guild]] ([[Mumbai]], [[India]])
| firstawarded = 2004
| lastawarded = 2015
| reward =
| former name =
| holder_label = Most recent winner
| holder =
| award1_type = Total awarded
| award1_winner = 7
| award2_type = First winner
| award2_winner = [[Ronit Roy]], for Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2004)
| award3_type = Last winner
| award3_winner = [[Ronit Roy]], for ''[[Itna Karo Na Mujhe Pyaar]]'' & [[Mohit Raina]] for [[Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev]] (2015)
| website =
| previous =
| next =
}}
'''''Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actor in a Drama Series''''' is an award given by Apsara Producers Guild to recognize excellence in film and television, to recognize a male actor in television drama series who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role.

The award was first awarded in 2004 under the title ''Best Actor in a Drama Series'' and is awarded every year annually thereafter.

== Winners ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Result
!Actor
!Role
!Show
|-
| rowspan="5" |'''2004'''
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| Winner<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://awardsbyindianshows.weebly.com/apsarastar-guild-awards.html|title=Apsara/Star Guild Awards|website=awardsbyindianshows.weebly.com|access-date=10 October 2019}}</ref>
|'''[[Ronit Roy]]'''
|'''Rishabh Bajaj'''
|[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|'''Kasautii Zindagii Kay''']]
|-
|rowspan="3" {{nom}}
|[[Pankaj Kapur|Pankaj Kapoor]]
|Mussadi Lal
|[[Office Office]]
|-
|[[Manoj Joshi (actor)|Manoj Joshi]]
|Mayor Sahab
|[[Kehta Hai Dil]]
|-
|[[Mohnish Behl]]
|Vikram
|[[Devi (TV series)|Devi]]
|-
|'''2005'''
| colspan="4" style="background:#FAFAD2" |{{center| ''Not Held''}}
|-
| rowspan="6" |'''2006'''
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| Winner<ref>{{cite web|url=http://starguildawards.org/2nd_apsara_awards_nominees.html|title=2nd Apsara Awards}}</ref>
|'''[[Varun Badola]]'''
|'''Abhimanyu Saxena'''
|'''[[Astitva...Ek Prem Kahani]]'''
|-
|rowspan="4" {{nom}}
|[[Pawan Shankar]]
|Siddhanth
|[[List of programs broadcast by STAR One|Siddhanth]]
|-
|[[Apoorva Agnihotri]]
|Armaan Suri
|[[Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin]]
|-
|[[Ronit Roy]]
|Mihir Virani
|[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]
|-
|Sudhir Pandey
|Tribhuvandas Pandey
|[[Kareena Kareena]]
|-
|'''2007'''
| colspan="4" style="background:#FAFAD2" |{{center| ''Not Held''}}
|-
| rowspan="5" |'''2008'''
| rowspan="5" {{nom}}
|[[Rajat Tokas]]
|[[Prithviraj Chauhan]]
|[[Dharti Ka Veer Yodha Prithviraj Chauhan]]
|-
|[[Sharad Malhotra]]
| Sagar Pratap Singh
|[[Banoo Main Teri Dulhann]]
|-
|[[Deven Bhojani]]
| Gattu Thakkar
|[[Baa Bahoo Aur Baby]]
|-
|[[Alok Nath]]
| Babuji
|[[Sapna Babul Ka...Bidaai]]
|-
|[[Sushant Singh]]
| Sushant Sharma
|[[Virrudh]]
|-
|'''2009'''
| colspan="4" style="background:#FAFAD2" |{{center| ''N/A''}}
|-
| rowspan="6" |'''2010'''
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| Winner<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.e24bollywood.com/bollywoodreporter.aspx?id=4059|title=Nominees of Apsara Awards 2010}}</ref>
|'''[[Ayub Khan (actor)|Ayub Khan]]'''
|'''Jogi Thakur'''
|'''[[Uttaran]]'''
|-
|rowspan="5" {{nom}}
|[[Harsh Chhaya]]
| Karan Singh
|[[Ladies Special]]
|-
|[[Dilip Joshi]]
| Jethalal Gada
|[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]
|-
|[[Angad Hasija]]
| Alekh Rajvansh
|[[Sapna Babul Ka...Bidaai]]
|-
|[[Sudesh Berry]]
| Loha Singh
|[[Agle Janam Mohe Bitiya Hi Kijo]]
|-
| rowspan="6" |'''2011'''
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| Winner<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bharatstudent.com/cafebharat/photo_gallery_2-Hindi-Events-6th_Apsara_Film_Television_Producers_Guild_Awards-photo-galleries-1,8,9017.php|title=Dilip Joshi of Taarak Mehta wins Best Actor|access-date=1 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113182239/http://www.bharatstudent.com/cafebharat/photo_gallery_2-Hindi-Events-6th_Apsara_Film_Television_Producers_Guild_Awards-photo-galleries-1,8,9017.php|archive-date=13 November 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|'''[[Dilip Joshi]]'''
|'''Jethalal Gada'''
|'''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]'''
|-
|rowspan="4" {{nom}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/entertainment/pavitra-rishta-pratigya-taarak-mehta-lead-apsara-awards-nomination_100484029.html|title=Pavitra Rishta, Taarak Mehta leads Apsara Nominations}}</ref>
|[[Sushant Singh Rajput]]
| Manav Deshmukh
|[[Pavitra Rishta]]
|-
|[[Barun Sobti]]
| Shravan Jaiswal
|[[Baat Hamari Pakki Hai]]
|-
|[[Ronit Roy]]
| Dharamraj Mahyavanshi
|[[Bandini (TV series)|Bandini]]
|-
|[[Kanwaljit Singh (actor)|Kanwaljit Singh]]
| Kuku Narang
|[[Sabki Laadli Bebo]]

|-
| rowspan="6" |'''2012'''
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| Winner
|'''Manish Wadhwa'''
|'''[[Chanakya]]'''
|'''[[Chandragupta Maurya (2011 TV series)|Chandragupta Maurya]]'''
|-
|rowspan="4" {{nom}}
|[[Ram Kapoor]]
| Ram Kapoor
|[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain]]
|-
| Daya Shankar Pandey
| Shani Dev
| Mahima Shani Dev Ki
|-
|[[Vivek Mushran]]
| Lucky Singh Ahluwalia
|[[Parvarrish – Kuchh Khattee Kuchh Meethi]]
|-
| Shoaib Ibrahim
| Prem Bhardwaj
|[[Sasural Simar Ka]]
|-
| rowspan="6" |'''2013'''
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| Winner
|'''[[Ram Kapoor]]'''
|'''Ram Kapoor'''
|'''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain]]'''
|-
| rowspan="4" {{nom}}
|[[Hiten Tejwani]]
| Manav Deshmukh
|[[Pavitra Rishta]]
|-
| Samir Soni
| Kunal Chopra
|[[Parichay (TV series)|Parichay – Nayee Zindagi Kay Sapno Ka]]
|-
|[[Sidharth Shukla]]
| Shivraj Shekhar
|[[Balika Vadhu]]
|-
| Shoaib Ibrahim
| Prem Bhardwaj
|[[Sasural Simar Ka]]
|-
| rowspan="6" |'''2014'''
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| Winner
|'''[[Rajat Tokas]]'''
|'''[[Akbar]]'''
|'''[[Jodha Akbar (TV series)|Jodha Akbar]]'''
|-
| rowspan="4" {{nom}}
|[[Karan Patel]]
| Raman Bhalla
|[[Ye Hai Mohabbatein]]
|-
|[[Mohit Raina]]
|[[Shiva|Mahadev]]
|[[Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev]]
|-
|[[Shabbir Ahluwalia]]
| Rockstar Abhi
|[[Kumkum Bhagya]]
|-
|[[Anil Kapoor]]
| Jai Singh Rathore
|[[24 (Indian TV series)|24]]
|-
| rowspan="6" |'''2015'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/star-guild-awards-2015-full-winners-list-priyanka-chopra-shahid-kapoor-deepika-padukone-mohit-raina-ronit-roy-win-top-honours-245765/|title=Star Guild Awards 2015 full winners list: Priyanka Chopra, Shahid Kapoor, Deepika Padukone, Mohit Raina, Ronit Roy win top honours|last=Parande|first=Shweta|date=2015-01-12|website=India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News {{!}} India.com|language=en|access-date=2020-03-30}}</ref>
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| Winner
|[[Ronit Roy]] 
[[Mohit Raina]]
|Neil Khanna 
[[Shiva|Lord Shiva]]
|[[Itna Karo Na Mujhe Pyaar]] 
[[Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://starguildawards.org/ Official Website: Producers Guild Film Awards]

[[Category:Producers Guild Film Awards]]
[[Category:Television awards for Best Actor]]

Kapileswarapuram mandal

2026-02-21T10:49:00Z

Dwps:

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kapileswarapuram Mandal
| settlement_type = [[Mandal]]
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-point = none
}}
'''Kapileswarapuram Mandal''' is one of the mandal in [[East Godavari district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. As per census 2011,<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/subdistrict/4928-kapileswarapuram-east-godavari-andhra-pradesh.html|website=census2011.co.in|title=Villages & Towns in Kapileswarapuram Mandal of East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh}}</ref> there are 15 villages.<ref name="districts-20253112">{{Cite news |title=Andhra News:కొత్త జిల్లాలు పోలవరం, మార్కాపురం |date=2025-12-30 |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/andhra-pradesh/ap-cabinet--approves-formation-of-two-new-districts/1799/125240498 |access-date=2026-02-16 |work=Eenadu|lang=te}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
Kapileswarapuram Mandal has total population of 66,809 as per the Census 2011 out of which 33,583 are males while 33,226 are females and the Average Sex Ratio of Kapileswarapuram Mandal is 989. The total literacy rate of Kapileswarapuram Mandal is 68.22%. The male literacy rate is 63.17% and the female literacy rate is 59.75%.<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia.co.in/subdistrict/kapileswarapuram-mandal-east-godavari-andhra-pradesh-4928|title=Kapileswarapuram Mandal Population, Religion, Caste East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh|website=Census India}}</ref>

== Towns and villages ==

=== Villages ===

#Addankivari Lanka
#Angara
#Kaleru
#[[Kapileswarapuram, Konaseema district|Kapileswarapuram]]
#Korumilli
#Machara
#Nalluru
#Nelaturu
#Nidasanametta
#Padamati Khandrika
#Teki
#Thatapudi
#Vadlamuru
#Vakatippa
#Valluru
#Vedurumudi

== See also ==
*[[List of mandals in Andhra Pradesh]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{East Godavari district}}

[[Category:Mandals in East Godavari district]]
[[Category:Mandals in Andhra Pradesh]]

Adinath Temple, Dungarpur

2026-02-18T21:25:53Z

Dwps: Created Location!

{{Short description|Jain temple in Durgarpar, Rajasthan, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
'''Adinath Bhagwan Temple''' is a [[Jain Temple]] in Manek Chowk, [[Dungarpur, Rajasthan]], [[India]]. It was built by Seth Sanvaldas Davda in 1469 CE (1526 VS).<ref name=temple>{{Cite web | url=https://jainsite.com/jain-tirth/dungarpur-tirth/ | title=DUNGARPUR TIRTH – the Jainsite World's Largest Jain Website }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/RPJ7%2BPXJ+Shri+Adinath+Jain+Shwetamber+Temple,+Manak+chowk,+Chamanpura,+Dungarpur,+Rajasthan+314001/@23.8318459,73.7148942,18z/data=!4m6!1m3!3m2!1s0x39676e265179ab99:0x674656d956380e36!2sRPJ8%2BV2J+Manak+Chowk+Police+Station,+Chamanpura,+Dungarpur,+Rajasthan+314001!3m1!1s0x39676e26517c26ab:0x29d8592291e855e7 | title=Google Maps }}</ref>
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Adinath Bhagwan temple
| religious_affiliation = [[Jainism]]
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| location = Manek Chowk, [[Dungarpur, Rajasthan]]
| coordinates = {{coord|23.832|73.715|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_m =
| elevation_footnotes =
| deity = [[Rishabhanatha|Adinatha]]
| festivals =
| temple_quantity = 1
| monument_quantity =
| established = 1469 CE
| creator = Seth Sanvaldas Davda
| governing_body =
| website =
| architecture_style =
}}
{{Jainism}}

==History==
It is said that in Vikram year 1526 (1469 CE), this temple was built by Sheth Sanvaldas Davda and therein a large size metal idol of Sri Adinath Bhagwan was installed and consecrated at the hands of Sri Udayvallabhsuriji and Sri Gnansagarsuriji, disciples of Acharya Sri Ratnasuriji. During the Muslim period the idol was damaged thinking that it was of gold. The new idol of white color therefore was gain installed after consecration. The metallic "Parikar" however still exists intact on which there is an inscription dated Vikram year 1526.{{fact|date=May 2022}}

The specialty of the temple is the metallic "Parikar" in which are cast images of a total of 72 Tirthankaras- 24 past, 24 present and 24 in the future to be. Similar idol with such a frame is extremely difficult to come by anywhere else in the world. The Pabasan ( Pedestal) also on which the lord is seated is made of metal in which 14 dreams, 9 planets, Asthamangal and Yaksha-Yakshinis can be seen. In this temple, there is also an idol of Sri Shanthinath Bhagwan, of height 33 Cms. Made out of crystal transparent stone and 34 Jinabimbs cast in five metals of the period of king Samprati which are very fascinating.<ref name=temple />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Jain temples in Rajasthan]]

New Delhi – Chennai main line

2026-02-16T11:45:52Z

Dwps: new new post

{{short description|Railway line in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox rail line
| box_width = 28em
| name = New Delhi–Chennai main line
| color =
| logo =
| logo_width =
| image = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = New Delhi Railway Station Entry.jpg
| photo2a = Chennai Central .jpg
| spacing = 1
| size = 250
| position = center
| border = 0
| color = #000000
| foot_montage = [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] (top) and [[Chennai Central]], the termini of the New Delhi–Chennai line
}}
| image_width =
| caption =
| type =
| system =
| status = Operational
| locale = {{hlist |[[Delhi]] |[[Haryana]] |[[Uttar Pradesh]] |[[Rajasthan]] |[[Madhya Pradesh]] |[[Maharashtra]] |[[Telangana]] |[[Andhra Pradesh]] |[[Tamil Nadu]] }}
| start = [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]]
| end = [[Chennai Central]]
| stations =
| routes =
| daily_ridership =
| open = {{start date and age|1929||}}
| close =
| owner = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = {{hlist |[[Northern Railway zone|Northern Railway]] |[[North Central Railway zone|North Central Railway]] |[[Central Railway zone|Central Railway]] |[[South Central Railway zone|South Central Railway]] |[[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railway]] }}
| character =
| depot =
| stock =
| linelength = {{cvt|2182|km}}
| tracklength =
| tracks = 3/4
| gauge = {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]]
| old_gauge =
| minradius =
| racksystem =
| electrification = [[25 kV AC railway electrification|25 kV 50 Hz AC]] [[Overhead line]]
| speed = {{cvt|160|kph}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indiainfrahub.com/news/trains-to-run-at-160-kmph-on-major-trunk-routes/ |title=Trains to run at 160 Kmph on major Trunk routes |work=India InfraHub |date=20 July 2020 |access-date=16 February 2024 |archive-date=16 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216151856/https://indiainfrahub.com/news/trains-to-run-at-160-kmph-on-major-trunk-routes/ |url-status=live }}</ref> (maximum)
| elevation =
| website =
| map = [[File:Grand Trunk Express and Tamil Nadu Express (NDLS-MAS) Route map.jpg|250px]]{{Delhi–Chennai line}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}

The '''New Delhi–Chennai line''', earlier known as '''Delhi–Madras line''', is an Indian railway line connecting [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] and [[Chennai Central]]. It is one of the seven major trunk routes of the [[Indian Railways]].<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=124694|title=Decongestion of Trunk railway routes|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=10 August 2015|archive-date=29 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529114915/https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=124694|url-status=live}}</ref> It traverses about {{cvt|2182|km}} across the states of [[Delhi]], [[Haryana]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Telangana]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], and [[Tamil Nadu]]. The line forms part of the planned [[Diamond Quadrilateral]] rail network. The route is used by the [[Grand Trunk Express]] and as such is referred to as the ''Grand Trunk Route''.

==History==
The Agra–Delhi chord was opened in 1904.<ref name=irhistoryiii>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history3.html|title = IR History: Part III (1900–1947)| publisher= IRFCA| access-date =17 March 2014}}</ref> Some parts of it were relaid during the construction of New Delhi (inaugurated in 1927–28).<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/TopStories/A-fine-balance-of-luxury-and-care/Article1-723880.aspx | title = A fine balance of luxury and care | work = Hindustan Times|date=21 July 2011 | access-date = 17 March 2014 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130602112944/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/TopStories/A-fine-balance-of-luxury-and-care/Article1-723880.aspx | archive-date = 2 June 2013 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>

The Agra–Gwalior line was opened by the Maharaja of Gwalior in 1881 and it became the Scindia State Railway.

The Indian Midland Railway built the Gwalior–Jhansi line and the Jhansi–Bhopal line in 1889.<ref name=irfcaii>{{cite web| url=http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html | title=IR History: Early Days – II| work=Chronology of railways in India, Part 2 (1870–1899)|access-date = 17 March 2014}}</ref>

The Bhopal–Itarsi line was opened by the Begum of Bhopal in 1884.<ref name=irfcaii/> Itarsi was linked with Nagpur between 1923 and 1924.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://nagpur.nic.in/gazetteer/gaz1966/final_gazettee/comm1.html| title = Introduction| work = Nagpur Itarsi Route| publisher = Nagpur district authorities| access-date = 17 March 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090410104748/http://nagpur.nic.in/gazetteer/gaz1966/FINAL_GAZETTEE/comm1.html| archive-date = 10 April 2009| url-status = dead}}</ref>

The period of construction of the Nagpur–Balharshah line is uncertain.

The Vijayawad–Madras line was constructed in 1899.<ref name=irfcaii/>

The Wadi–Secunderabad line was built in 1874 with financing by the Nizam of Hyderabad. It later became part of [[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]]. In 1889, the main line of the Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway was extended to Vijayawada, then known as Bezwada.<ref name=irfcaii/>

With the completion of the Kazipet–Balharshah link in 1929, Madras was directly linked to Delhi.<ref name=irhistoryiii/>

==Intermediate branch lines==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Branch !! Length
|-
| [[Nizamabad–Peddapalli section|Nizamabad–Peddapalli]] || {{convert|177|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Nagpur–Secunderabad line]]
|581 km (361 mi)
|-
|[[Kazipet–Vijayawada section]]
|201 km (125 mi)
|}
==Sections==
The {{convert|2182|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}-long trunk line, amongst the long and busy trunk lines connecting the metros, has been treated in more detail in smaller sections:
# [[Kanpur–Delhi section|Agra Chord]]
# [[Agra–Bhopal section]]
# [[Bhopal–Nagpur section]]
# [[Nagpur–Hyderabad line|Nagpur–Kazipet section]]
#[[Kazipet–Vijayawada section]]
# [[Vijayawada–Chennai section]]

==Electrification==
The Vijayawada–Madras section electrified by 1980.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history7.html |title = IR History Part VII (2000–present) | publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 17 March 2014 }}</ref>

The Vijayawada–Kazipet sector was electrified in 1985–88.<ref name=electric>{{cite web| url = http://irfca.org/docs/electrification-history.html|title = History of Electrification| publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 17 March 2014}}</ref>

The Kazipet–[[Ramagundam railway station|Ramagundam]]–Balharshah–Nagpur sector was electrified in 1987–89.

The Bhopal–Itarsi sector was electrified in 1988–89 and the Nagpur–Itarsi sector in 1990–91.

The Agra–Bhopal sector was electrified in 1984–89.

The Agra–Faridabad section was electrified in 1982–85.<ref name=electric/>

==Speed limits==
The Delhi–Chennai line (Grand Trunk route) is classified as a "Group A" line which can take speeds up to 160 km/h.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/codesmanual/IRPWM/PermanentWayManualCh2_data.htm |title = Chapter II – The Maintenance of Permanent Way| access-date = 17 March 2014}}</ref>

==Passenger movement==
[[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]], [[Mathura Junction railway station|Mathura Junction]], [[Agra Cantonment railway station|Agra Cantt.]], [[Gwalior Junction railway station|Gwalior]], [[Jhansi Junction railway station|Jhansi]], [[Bhopal Junction railway station|Bhopal]], [[Rani Kamalapati railway station|Rani Kamalapati]], [[Itarsi Junction railway station|Itarsi]], [[Nagpur Junction railway station|Nagpur]], [[Ramagundam railway station|Ramagundam]], [[Warangal railway station|Warangal]], [[Vijayawada Junction|Vijayawada]], [[Gudur railway station|Gudur]] and [[Chennai Central railway station|Chennai Central]], on this line, are amongst the top hundred booking stations of Indian Railway.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in/7days_Avl.html |title=Indian Railways Passenger Reservation Enquiry |work=Availability in trains for Top 100 Booking Stations of Indian Railways |publisher=IRFCA |access-date=17 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140510115649/http://www.indianrail.gov.in/7days_Avl.html |archive-date=10 May 2014 }}</ref>

==Diamond quadrilateral==
The Delhi–Chennai line is a part of the [[Diamond Quadrilateral|diamond quadrilateral]]. The routes connecting the four major metropolises (New Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata), along with their diagonals, known as the diamond quadrilateral, carry about half the freight and nearly half the passenger traffic, although they form only 16 per cent of the length.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-geog.html#newzone |title = Geography – Railway Zones |work= Major routes| publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 17 March 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian Railways}}
{{Railways in Northern India}}
{{Railways in Central India}}
{{Railways in Southern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:New Delhi-Chennai main line}}
[[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India]]
[[Category:Main railway lines of India]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 1929]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Haryana]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Tamil Nadu]]

Mukesh Kumar (cricketer)

2026-02-11T14:08:25Z

Dwps:

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1993)}}
{{Other people||Mukesh Kumar (disambiguation){{!}}Mukesh Kumar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Mukesh Kumar
| image =
| country = India
| fullname =
| height = 1.82 m
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1993|10|12|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Gopalganj, Bihar|Gopalganj]], [[Bihar]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]]<ref>{{cite news |title=WI vs IND: Mukesh Kumar picks maiden ODI wicket in debut match at Barbados |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/west-indies-vs-india-mukesh-kumar-maiden-wicket-2412738-2023-07-27 |access-date=1 August 2023 |work=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
| role = [[Bowler (cricket)|Bowler]]

| international = true
| internationalspan = 2023–present
| testdebutdate = 20 July
| testdebutyear = 2023
| testdebutagainst = West Indies
| testcap = 308
| lasttestdate = 2 February
| lasttestyear = 2024
| lasttestagainst = England
| odidebutdate = 27 July
| odidebutyear = 2023
| odidebutagainst = West Indies
| odicap = 251
| lastodidate = 21 December
| lastodiyear = 2023
| lastodiagainst = South Africa
| odishirt = 49
| T20Idebutdate = 3 August
| T20Idebutyear = 2023
| T20Idebutagainst = West Indies
| T20Icap = 103
| lastT20Idate = 14 July
| lastT20Iyear = 2024
| lastT20Iagainst = Zimbabwe
| T20Ishirt = 49

| club1 = [[Mohun Bagan AC (cricket)|Mohun Bagan]]
| year1 = 2013-present
| club2 = [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]
| year2 = 2015–Present
| club3 = [[Delhi Capitals]]
| year3 = 2023–Present
| club4 = [[Bengal Pro T20 League|Sobisco Smashers Malda]]
| year4 = 2024-present

| columns=4

| column1=[[Test cricket|Test]]
| matches1=3
| runs1=0
| bat avg1=–
| 100s/50s1=0/0
| top score1=0[[not out|*]]
| deliveries1=284
| wickets1=7
| bowl avg1=25.57
| fivefor1=0
| tenfor1=0
| best bowling1=2/0
| catches/stumpings1=0/-

| column2=[[One Day International|ODI]]
| matches2=6
| runs2=10
| bat avg2=10.00
| 100s/50s2=0/0
| top score2=6
| deliveries2=234
| wickets2=5
| bowl avg2=43.40
| fivefor2=0
| tenfor2=0
| best bowling2=3/30
| catches/stumpings2=1/-

| column3= [[Twenty20 International|T20I]]
| matches3=17
| runs3=5
| 100s/50s3=0/0
| bat avg3=5.00
| top score3=4[[not out|*]]
| deliveries3=324
| wickets3=20
| bowl avg3=24.35
| fivefor3=0
| tenfor3=0
| best bowling3=4/22
| catches/stumpings3=2/-

| column4=[[First class cricket|FC]]
| matches4=56
| runs4=240
| bat avg4=7.50
| 100s/50s4=0/0
| top score4=28
| deliveries4=9,830
| wickets4=219
| bowl avg4=21.90
| fivefor4=10
| tenfor4=1
| best bowling4=6/32
| catches/stumpings4=7/-

| date = 11 February 2026
| source = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/926851.html ESPNcricinfo]
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Men's [[Cricket]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Cricket at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's tournament|Team]]}}
}}

'''Mukesh Kumar''' ({{IPA|hi|mʊkeːʃ kʊmaːɾ|lang}}; born 12 October 1993) is an Indian international [[cricket]]er.<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/926851.html |title=Mukesh Kumar |access-date=2 November 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Mukesh plays as right [[Fast bowling|fast bowler]] for the [[India national cricket team]] in international cricket, for the [[Delhi Capitals]] in the [[Indian Premier League]] and for [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]] in domestic cricket and for [[Mohun Bagan AC (cricket)|Mohun Bagan]] in [[Cricket Association of Bengal|CAB]] first division and for [[Bengal Pro T20 League|Sobisco Smashers Malda]] in [[Bengal Pro T20 League]]. He made his [[Test cricket|Test debut]] in July 2023, playing for [[India national cricket team|India]] against [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]].<ref>{{cite news |title=IND vs WI 2nd Test: Mukesh Kumar makes Test debut in place of injured Shardul Thakur |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/ind-vs-wi-2nd-test-mukesh-kumar-makes-test-debut-in-place-of-injured-shardul-thakur-8851065/ |access-date=1 August 2023 |work=The Indian Express |date=20 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life==
Mukesh Kumar was born on 12 October 1993<ref name="Bio"/> and originally hails from Kakarkund in [[Gopalganj district, India|Gopalganj district]], [[Bihar]]. In 2012, he moved to [[Kolkata]] at the insistence of his father who ran a taxi business there.<ref>{{cite news |title=For West Indies Tests, India pick work-horse pacer from Gopalganj in Bihar |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/from-a-small-village-to-caribbean-mukesh-kumar-continues-his-inspirational-journey-8681414/ |access-date=12 July 2023 |work=The Indian Express |date=23 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
He made his [[first-class cricket|first-class]] debut on 30 October in the [[2015–16 Ranji Trophy]].<ref name="FC">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/901789.html |title=Ranji Trophy, Group A: Haryana v Bengal at Rohtak, Oct 30 – Nov 2, 2015 |access-date=2 November 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He made his [[List A cricket|List A]] debut on 13 December 2015 in the [[2015–16 Vijay Hazare Trophy]].<ref name="ListA">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/901985.html |title=Vijay Hazare Trophy, Group D: Bengal v Uttar Pradesh at Rajkot, Dec 13, 2015 |access-date=13 December 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He made his [[Twenty20]] debut on 6 January 2016 in the [[2015–16 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]].<ref name="T20">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/902161.html |title=Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy, Group A: Bengal v Gujarat at Nagpur, Jan 6, 2016 |access-date=10 January 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

== International career ==
He got his maiden call-up for [[India national cricket team|Indian cricket team]] in September 2022 for the ODI series [[South African cricket team in India in 2022–23|against South Africa]]. In December 2022, he was picked in the Indian cricket team for their [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) series against Sri Lanka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hardik to lead India in T20I series against Sri Lanka; Rohit returns for ODIs; Pant not in either squad |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/hardik-pandya-to-lead-india-in-t20i-series-against-sri-lanka-rohit-sharma-returns-for-odis-1351345 |access-date=2023-01-05 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> In June 2023, he was named in the Indian squad for all three formats for the [[Indian cricket team in the West Indies and the United States in 2023|tour of West Indies]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Pujara dropped; Jaiswal and Gaikwad in India's Test squad for West Indies |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-test-squad-for-west-indies-pujara-dropped-jaiswal-and-gaikwad-selected-1383151 |access-date=12 July 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=23 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Youngsters earn call-up as India name T20I squad for West Indies |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/3570882 |access-date=12 July 2023 |work=ICC |language=en}}</ref> He made his debut in the second Test of the series on 20 July 2023 at [[Queen's Park Oval]], [[Port of Spain]], [[Trinidad]].<ref name="DebutTest">{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-in-west-indies-2023-1381201/west-indies-vs-india-2nd-test-1381213/full-scorecard |title=IND vs WI, India in West Indies in 2023, 2nd Test at Port Of Spain, July 20–24, 2023 |access-date=17 August 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> There, he took his maiden Test wicket – that of [[Kirk McKenzie]] – finishing with figures of 2/48 from 18 overs in the first innings and 0/5 from 5 overs in the second innings of the Test match.<ref name="DebutTest" />

He made his ODI debut in the first match of the series against West Indies on 27 July 2023 at [[Kensington Oval]], [[Bridgetown]], [[Barbados]].<ref name="ODIDebut">{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-in-west-indies-2023-1381201/west-indies-vs-india-1st-odi-1381214/full-scorecard |title=WI vs IND, India in West Indies in 2023, 1st ODI at Bridgetown, July 27, 2023 |access-date=17 August 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> There, he took his maiden ODI wicket – that of [[Alick Athanaze]] – finishing with figures of 1/22 from 5 overs.<ref name="ODIDebut" />

He made his T20I debut in the first match of the series against West Indies on 3 August 2023 at [[Brian Lara Stadium]], Tarouba, Trinidad.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-in-west-indies-2023-1381201/west-indies-vs-india-1st-t20i-1381217/full-scorecard |title=WI vs IND, India in West Indies in 2023, 1st T20I at Tarouba, August 03, 2023 |access-date=17 August 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo }}</ref>

==Personal life==
In 2023, Mukesh Kumar married [[Chhapra]] based Divya Singh in [[Gorakhpur]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Mukesh Kumar Wedding: एक हुए दो दिल, भारत के फास्ट बॉलर मुकेश कुमार ने रचाई शादी, इस लड़की को बनाया अपना हमसफर|newspaper=Jagran|date=29 November 2023|url=https://www.jagran.com/cricket/headlines-mukesh-kumar-wedding-indian-pace-bowler-mukesh-kumar-tied-knot-with-divya-singh-in-gorakhpur-marriage-pictures-got-viral-23592370.html|language=Hindi}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Bengal cricketers]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo|id=926851}}
{{Delhi Capitals squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Mukesh}}
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:India Test cricketers]]
[[Category:India One Day International cricketers]]
[[Category:India Twenty20 International cricketers]]
[[Category:Bengal cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Bihar]]
[[Category:Delhi Capitals cricketers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists in cricket]]
[[Category:Cricketers at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Games]]
{{Authority control}}

Swaraj Party

2026-02-10T14:14:01Z

Dwps: expand citations for accuracy

{{More citations needed|date=December 2009}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{distinguish|Swaraj india}}
{{Infobox Indian Political Party
| party_name = Swaraj Party
| colorcode = {{party color|Swaraj Party}}
| party_logo =
| leader = [[Chittaranjan Das]]
| secretary = [[Motilal Nehru]], [[Birendranath Sasmal]], [[Vithalbhai Patel]]<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Subrata |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YqdxEQAAQBAJ&dq=Birendranath+Sasmal+swaraj+party&pg=PT41 |title=Gandhi's Critics |last2=Ramaswamy |first2=Sushila |date=2025-08-29 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-040-36381-2 |language=en}}</ref>
| founder = Chittaranjan Das, Motilal Nehru
| loksabha_leader =
| rajyasabha_leader =
| foundation = {{start date and age|1 January 1923}}
| dissolution = {{end date and age|1935}}
| split = [[Indian National Congress]]
| merged = Indian National Congress
| ideology =
| position =
| colours = {{Colorsample|{{party color|Swaraj Party}}}} Sandal
}}
The '''Swaraj Party''', established as the '''Congress-Khilafat Swaraj Party''', was a political party formed in India on 1 January 1923 after the [[Gaya, India|Gaya]] annual conference in December 1922.

==Chauri Chaura==
The Swaraj Party was formed on 1 January 1923 by Indian politicians and members of the [[Indian National Congress]] who had opposed [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s suspension of all [[civil resistance]] on 12 February 1922 in response to the [[Chauri Chaura incident|Chauri Chaura tragedy]], where policemen were killed by a mob of protestors. Gandhi felt responsible for the killings, reproached himself for not emphasizing nonviolence more firmly, and feared that the entire [[Non-Cooperation Movement]] could degenerate<ref name="So">{{Citation |title=Conclusion |work=Obsession |date=2008 |pages=235–244 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226137797.003.0010 |access-date=2024-03-04 |publisher=University of Chicago Press|doi=10.7208/chicago/9780226137797.003.0010 |isbn=978-0-226-13784-1 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> into an orgy of violence between the British-controlled army and police and mobs of freedom-fighters, alienating and hurting millions of common Indians. He went on a fast-unto-death to convince all Indians to stop civil resistance. The Congress and other nationalist groups disavowed all activities of disobedience.

However, many Indians felt that the Non-Cooperation Movement should not have been suspended over an isolated incident of violence, and that its astonishing success was actually close to breaking the back of British rule in India. These people became disillusioned with Gandhi's political judgments and instincts.

==Council entry==
Gandhi and most of the Congress party rejected the provincial and central legislative councils created by the British to offer some participation for Indians. They argued that the councils were rigged with un-elected allies of the British, and too un-democratic and simply "rubber stamps" of the [[Governor-General of India|Viceroy]].

In December 1922, [[Chittaranjan Das]], [[Narasimha Chintaman Kelkar]] and [[Motilal Nehru]] formed the Congress-Khilafat Swarajaya Party with Das as the president and Nehru as one of the secretaries. Other prominent leaders included [[Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy]], [[Birendranath Sasmal]] and [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] of [[Bengal]], [[Vithalbhai Patel]] and other Congress leaders who were becoming dissatisfied with the Congress.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Subrata |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YqdxEQAAQBAJ&dq=Birendranath+Sasmal+swaraj+party&pg=PT41 |title=Gandhi's Critics |last2=Ramaswamy |first2=Sushila |date=2025-08-29 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-040-36381-2 |language=en}}</ref> The other group was the 'No-Changers', who had accepted Gandhi's decision to withdraw the movement.

Now both the Swarajists and the No-Changers were engaged in a fierce political struggle, but both were determined to avoid the disastrous experience of the 1907 split at Surat. On the advice of Gandhi, the two groups decided to remain in the Congress but to work in their separate ways. There was no basic difference between the two.

In the [[1923 Indian general election]], Swarajist members (45/145) were elected to the councils.{{Clarification needed|date=May 2025}} Vithalbhai Patel became the president of the [[Central Legislative Assembly]].

At a meeting on 30 December 1923, the general council of the party demanded the establishment of fully responsible government for India. They demanded that the government start by releasing political prisoners, suspending all repressive laws and orders, and convening a round table conference to negotiate the principles of a constitution for India.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bakshi |first=Shiri Ram |year=1995 |orig-year=First published 1989 |title=Swaraj Party and Gandhi |location=New Delhi |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors |pages=3–5 |isbn=978-81-7156-144-5}}</ref>

However, the legislatures had very limited powers, and apart from some heated parliamentary debates, and procedural stand-offs with the British authorities, the core mission of obstructing British rule failed.

With the death of Chittaranjan Das in 1925, and with Motilal Nehru's return to the Congress the following year, the Swaraj Party was greatly weakened.

==Pro-Changers and No-Changers, and the Simon Commission==
After his release from prison in 1924, Gandhi sought to bring back the Swarajists to the Congress and re-unite the party. Gandhi's supporters were in a vast majority in the Congress, and the Congress still remained India's largest political party, but Gandhi felt it necessary to heal the divide with the Swarajists, so as to heal the nation's wounds over the 1922 suspension.

The Swarajists sought more representation in the Congress offices, and an end to the mandatory requirement for Congressmen to spin [[khadi]] cloth and do social service as a prerequisite for office. This was opposed by Gandhi's supporters, men like [[Vallabhbhai Patel]], [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] and [[Rajendra Prasad]], who became known as the ''No Changers'' as opposed to the Swarajist ''Changers''. Gandhi relaxed the rules on spinning and named some Swarajists to important positions in the Congress Party. He also encouraged the Congress to support those Swarajists elected to the councils, so as not to embarrass them and leave them rudderless before the British authorities.

When the [[Simon Commission]] arrived in India in 1928, millions of Indians were infuriated with the idea of an all-British committee writing proposals for Indian constitutional reforms without any Indian member or consultations with the Indian people. The Congress created a committee to write Indian proposals for constitutional reforms, headed by now Congress President Motilal Nehru. The death of [[Lala Lajpat Rai]], beaten by police in [[Punjab region|Punjab]] further infuriated India. People rallied around the Nehru Report and old political divisions and wounds were forgotten, and [[Vithalbhai Patel]] and all Swarajist councillors resigned in protest.

Between 1929 and 1937, the Indian National Congress would declare the independence of India and launch the [[Salt Satyagraha]]. In this tumultuous period, the Swaraj Party was defunct as its members quietly dissolved into the Congress fold.

==Madras Province Swarajya Party==
The Madras Province Swarajya Party was established in 1923. [[S. Satyamurti]] and [[S. Srinivasa Iyengar]] led the party. The party contested in all provincial elections between 1923 and 1934 with the exception of the 1930 election which it did not participate officially due to the [[Civil Disobedience Movement]], though some of the members of the party contested for office as independents. The party emerged as the single largest party in the 1926 and 1934 Assembly elections but refused to form the provincial government under the existing dyarchy system. In 1934, the Madras Province Swarajya Party merged with the All India Swarajya Party which subsequently merged with the [[Indian National Congress]] when it contested the 1935 elections to the [[Imperial Legislative Council]] under the [[Government of India Act 1935]].

From 1935 onward, the Swarajya Party ceased to exist and was succeeded by the Indian National Congress in the elections to the Imperial Legislative Council as well as the [[Madras Legislative Council]].

{| class="wikitable" align="center"
! width="200px" align="left"|Presidents of the Madras Province Swarajya Party
! Term start
! Term end
|-
| [[S. Srinivasa Iyengar]]
| 1923
| 1930
|-
| [[Sathyamurthy]]
| 1930
| 1935
|}

===Performance of the Madras Provincial Swarajya Party===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Elections
! Seats in Madras Assembly
! Assembly Seats won
! Total number of Council seats
! Members nominated to the council
! Result
! Party President
|-
| 1923
| align="right" | 98
| align="right" | 20
| align="right" | 29
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|
|-
| 1926
| align="right" |98
| align="right" |41
| align="right" |34
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| [[S. Srinivasa Iyengar]]
|-
| 1930
| colspan="4" align="center"| '''Did not participate in the elections due to [[Civil Disobedience Movement]]'''
| align="right" |
|
|-
| 1934
| align="right" | 98
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 29
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|
|}

==See also==
* [[Free Press of India]]
* [[Indian Nationalism]]
* [[K.M. Munshi]]
* [[Abdul Hameed Khan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian independence movement}}

[[Category:Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress breakaway groups]]
[[Category:Defunct political parties in India]]
[[Category:1923 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1923]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1935]]
[[Category:1935 disestablishments in India]]

International Coir Museum

2026-02-07T12:15:55Z

Dwps: new a details!

{{short description|Museum in India}}
{{Infobox museum
| name = International Coir Museum
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| logo =
| logo_upright =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| image = Coir museum, Kalavoor 2023 03.jpg
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type =
| map_relief =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|9.5632|76.3284|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| former_name =
| established = {{start date and age|2014|05|27}}
| dissolved =
| location = [[Kalavoor]], [[Alappuzha district]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| type = Industry museum
| accreditation =
| key_holdings =
| collections = [[Coir]] products and production tools
| collection_size =
| visitors =
| founder =
| executive_director =
| leader_type =
| leader =
| director =
| president =
| ceo =
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| historian =
| owner = [[Coir Board of India]]
| publictransit =
| car_park =
| parking =
| network =
| website =
}}
'''International Coir Museum''' is a museum located in [[Kerala]] state of India. The museum is located in [[Kalavoor]] in [[Alappuzha district]]. It is a museum under [[Coir Board of India]], a statutory body under the Government of India. This is the world's first and currently (as of 2025) only [[coir]] museum.

==Overview==
The coir industry is closely linked to the social, cultural and economic aspects of Kerala.<ref name="DTPC">{{cite web |title=International Coir Museum |url=https://www.dtpcalappuzha.com/destination/international-coir-museum |website=DTPC Alappuzha |publisher=District Tourism Promothion Council, Alppuzha |language=en |access-date=2025-07-15 |archive-date=2025-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125162944/https://www.dtpcalappuzha.com/destination/international-coir-museum |url-status=live }}</ref> The International Coir Museum is being established in Alappuzha district because Alappuzha is a region with a large scale of coir, coir products and industries.<ref name="DTPC"/> This is the world's first and currently (as of 2025) only coir museum.<ref name="Himalayan Times">{{cite news |title=TOPICS Coir: The revolutionary fibre |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/opinion/topics-coir-revolutionary-fibre/ |work=The Himalayan Times |date=15 August 2016 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Six offbeat museums in south India to add to your travel list |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/travel/six-offbeat-museums-in-south-india-to-add-to-your-travel-list/cid/2078596 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250313014443/https://www.telegraphindia.com/travel/six-offbeat-museums-in-south-india-to-add-to-your-travel-list/cid/2078596 |archive-date=2025-03-13 |access-date=2025-07-15 |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
The idea of establishing an international coir museum was proposed by the then Coir Board Chairman Prof. G. Balachandran.<ref name="Himalayan Times"/> The decision to start the International Coir Museum was taken at the 208th Coir Board meeting held in [[Kochi]] in May 2012.<ref name="Indian Express">{{cite news |last1=archive |first1=our online |title=International Coir Museum soon |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2012/Mar/26/international-coir-museum-soon-352319.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=16 May 2012 |language=en}}</ref> In 2014, the Diamond Jubilee year of the formation of the [[Coir Board of India]], the Board established the museum that depicts the historical events and the evolution of technological advancements in the coir sector. The International Museum was inaugurated by the then Chief Minister of Kerala, [[Oommen Chandy]], at the Coir Board Complex, Kalavoor on 27 May 2014.<ref name="Coirboard">{{cite web |title=International Coir Museum |url=http://coirboard.gov.in/?page_id=1731 |publisher=[[Coir Board of India]]}}</ref>

==Aim==
The International Coir Museum was established to showcase the revolutionary developments in the coir industry of India over the years.<ref name="Coirboard"/>

==Attractions==
[[File:Coir Artworks inside International Coir Museum Alappuzha 01 2.jpg|thumb|Coir artworks inside the museum]]
The museum showcases the traditional processes of manufacturing coir and coir products, the development in technology, retting, fiber extraction and the advent of mechanization in the coir sector.<ref name="Coirboard"/> A short video film of the coir industry displayed here provides information about the origin and growth of the industry and the latest developments through research and development.<ref name="Coirboard"/>

There is a souvenir shop adjacent to the museum where visitors can purchase a variety of coir handicrafts, coir doormats, and coir jewelry.<ref name="Coirboard"/><ref>{{cite web |title=About International Coir Museum Alappuzha: International Coir Museum Photos, History & Significance |url=https://www.incredibleindia.gov.in/en/kerala/alappuzha/international-coir-museum |website=Incredible India |language=en}}</ref>

==Entry==
This Museum is opened to the public 9.30 am to 5.00 pm every day except Monday.<ref name="CCRI">{{cite web |title=International Coir Museum |url=https://www.ccriindia.org/pdf/museum.pdf |publisher=Central Coir Research Institute}}</ref> There is entry fees for public.<ref name="CCRI"/>

==Location==
The museum is located in [[Kalavoor]] in Alappuzha district. The nearest bus station is Alappuzha Bus Stand, 8 km away, the nearest railway station is Kalavur Railway Station, while the nearest major railway station is [[Alappuzha railway station|Alappuzha Railway Station]], 10 km away, and the nearest airport is [[Cochin International Airport]], 75 km away.<ref name="DTPC"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|International Coir Museum, Alappuzha}}

{{Tourism in Kerala|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Museums in Kerala]]
[[Category:Industry museums in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Alappuzha district]]
[[Category:Museums established in 2014]]
[[Category:2014 establishments in Kerala]]

Korou Singh Thingujam

2026-02-05T00:32:50Z

Dwps:

{{short description|Indian footballer}}
{{Western name order|Thingujam Korou Singh}}
{{Meitei name|Thingujam|Korou|Singh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Korou Singh
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| fullname = Korou Singh Thingujam<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/players/midfielder-189678-korou-singh-thingujam-profile |title=Korou Singh Thingujam - Indian Super League |access-date=24 January 2025}}</ref>
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2006|12|3|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Korou Singh {{!}} Player Profile |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/157719 |access-date=2024-01-22 |publisher=[[All India Football Federation]]}}</ref>
| birth_place = Chairel Manjil, [[Manipur]], India
| height = 1.67m
| position = [[Winger (association football)|Right winger]],[[Right back]],[[Attacking Midfielder]] , [[Centre Forward]]
| currentclub = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| clubnumber = 25
| youthyears1 = 2020–2023
| youthclubs1 = [[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]]
| years1 = 2023–2024
| clubs1 = [[Kerala Blasters FC Reserves and Academy|Kerala Blasters B]]
| caps1 = 18
| goals1 = 8
| years2 = 2024–
| clubs2 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| caps2 = 18
| goals2 = 2
| nationalyears1 = 2021-2023
| nationalteam1 = [[India national under-17 football team|India U17]]
| nationalcaps1 = 16
| nationalgoals1 = 4
| nationalyears2 = 2024–
| nationalteam2 = [[India national under-20 football team|India U20]]
| nationalcaps2 = 6
| nationalgoals2 = 4
| nationalyears3 = 2025–
| nationalteam3 = [[India national under-23 football team|India U23]]
| nationalcaps3 = 3
| nationalgoals3 = 0
| club-update = 16:30, 1 March 2025 (UTC)
| nationalteam-update = 20:10, 10 October 2025 (UTC)
}}

'''Korou Singh Thingujam''' ({{langx|mni|Thingujam Korou Singh}}, born 3 December 2006) is an Indian professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Winger (association football)|winger]] for [[Indian Super League]] club [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]].

== Club career ==

=== Early life and career ===

Born in [[Manipur]] to a family of farmers, Korou began his youth career with the under-18 division of [[Sudeva Delhi FC]], after capitalizing on a youth contract following a successful trials with the club in [[Imphal]].<ref name=":0"/> In 2021, Korou was named in Sudeva's squad for the [[2021 Durand Cup]], and started in their first group stage match against [[Jamshedpur FC]] on 6 September, which they lost 1–0.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2021-09-06 |title=Jamshedpur FC 1-0 Sudeva FC Delhi HIGHLIGHTS: Jamshedpur beats Sudeva to win its first match in the Durand Cup |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/durand-cup-live-2021-group-b-jamshedpur-fc-vs-sudeva-delhi-fc-football-match-live-score-owen-coyle-ishan-pandita-indian-football-news/article36316428.ece |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Sportstar |language=en |archive-date=28 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128234600/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/durand-cup-live-2021-group-b-jamshedpur-fc-vs-sudeva-delhi-fc-football-match-live-score-owen-coyle-ishan-pandita-indian-football-news/article36316428.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> He started again in the next match on 13 September against [[FC Goa]], where he had an improved role in the game, but Sudeva lost yet again (2–1) by a single goal deficit resulting in their elimination from the tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Durand Cup 2021 Live Commentary: FC Goa vs Sudeva Delhi |url=https://khelnow.com/football/durand-cup-2021-fc-goa-sudeva-delhi-live-commentary |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Khel Now |language=en |archive-date=28 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128120757/https://khelnow.com/football/durand-cup-2021-fc-goa-sudeva-delhi-live-commentary |url-status=live }}</ref>

Korou also represented them in the [[2021–22 FD Senior Division]], and scored a goal in their 3–1 win over [[Delhi United FC]] on 30 October 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sofascore |title=Delhi United FC vs Sudeva Delhi FC live score, H2H and lineups {{!}} Sofascore |url=https://www.sofascore.com/delhi-united-fc-sudeva-delhi-fc/NRXbscaYb |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=www.sofascore.com |language=en}}</ref> which earned him the man of the match award.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-01 |title=Sudeva Delhi FC wins by 3-1 against Delhi United FC! 💯 Congrats to the squad on their roaring victory and kudos to Thingujam Korou Singh on winning the Man of the Match title🔥 |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CVu1QcgBlWZ/?img_index=2 |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Instagram |publisher=[[Sudeva Delhi FC]]}}</ref> Korou also had a brief stint with the Sudeva's [[Sudeva Delhi Futsal|futsal]] team, where he represented them in the [[2021–22 Futsal Club Championship]], and scored his first goal of the tournament against Classic FA on 8 November 2021 in a 6–1 defeat.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2021 |title=Classic Football Academy put 6 past Sudeva Delhi FC |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/classic-football-academy-put-6-past-sudeva-delhi-fc |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=AIFF |archive-date=22 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122202523/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/classic-football-academy-put-6-past-sudeva-delhi-fc |url-status=live }}</ref> He would then go on to score a brace in his final match for the futsal team in the tournament on 10 November against [[Real Kashmir FC#Futsal (men's)|Real Kashmir]], as Sudeva won the match 9–5 at full-time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2021 |title=Telongjem FC, Sudeva Delhi FC sign off with comfortable victories |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/telongjem-fc-sudeva-delhi-fc-sign-off-with-comfortable-victories |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=AIFF |archive-date=29 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929234614/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/telongjem-fc-sudeva-delhi-fc-sign-off-with-comfortable-victories |url-status=live }}</ref> Korou would then leave Sudeva Delhi in 2023 after he was signed by the [[Indian Super League]] club [[Kerala Blasters FC]].

=== Kerala Blasters ===

In August 2023, Korou was signed by the Indian Super League club [[Kerala Blasters FC]] following his performance in the [[2023 AFC U-17 Asian Cup]], on an undisclosed transfer fee.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Korou Singh completes move to Kerala Blasters |url=https://khelnow.com/football/2023-08-indian-football-isl-kerala-blasters-sign-korou-singh |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Khel Now |language=en |archive-date=10 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010083038/https://khelnow.com/football/2023-08-indian-football-isl-kerala-blasters-sign-korou-singh |url-status=live }}</ref> He was initially registered for the club's [[Kerala Blasters FC Reserves and Academy|reserve team]], whom he would represent in the [[2023–24 Kerala Premier League]].<ref name="out1222">{{cite tweet |number=1728354281362006120 |user=KeralaBlasters |title=Our young guns are all set! ⚽👊 Presenting our squad for the 2023-24 season of the Kerala Premier League 🟡 |author=Kerala Blasters FC |date=25 November 2023 |access-date=22 January 2024}}</ref> He made his debut for the reserve team in the same tournament against [[Kerala Police (football team)|Kerala Police]] on 26 November 2023, in which he scored his debut goal in the 46th minute but the Blasters' went down 1–2 in the campaign opener.<ref name="out122">{{cite tweet |number=1728756248169029780 |user=KeralaBlasters |title=A tough battle in our #KPL campaign opener as we go down fighting Let's re-group for the next one 💪 |author=Kerala Blasters FC |date=26 November 2023 |access-date=22 January 2024}}</ref> Korou scored his second of the tournament against MK Sporting Club on 13 December, where he scored in the 70th minute as the Blasters won the match with a high margin of 8–0.<ref name="out12222">{{cite tweet |number=1734965917216387386 |user=KeralaBlasters |title=Brilliance and teamwork were on display as we scored 8️⃣ goals against MK Sporting Club with 6️⃣ different scorers! 🔥 |author=Kerala Blasters FC |date=13 December 2023 |access-date=22 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sofascore |title=Kerala Blasters Reserves vs MK Sporting Club live score, H2H and lineups {{!}} Sofascore |url=https://www.sofascore.com/mk-sporting-club-kerala-blasters-reserves/zBocsrCae |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=www.sofascore.com |language=en |archive-date=22 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122202412/https://www.sofascore.com/mk-sporting-club-kerala-blasters-reserves/zBocsrCae |url-status=live }}</ref>

Whilst playing for the reserves, Korou was called up for the Blasters' senior-team's camp in [[Kolkata]] for [[2024 Indian Super Cup]] tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2024-01-12 |title=Emerging Talent Thingujam Korou Singh Earns Kerala Blasters FC Call-Up for Kalinga Super Cup |url=https://first11.in/football/indian-super-league/emerging-talent-thingujam-korou-singh-earns-kerala-blasters-fc-call-up-for-kalinga-super-cup/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=First11 |language=en-US |archive-date=18 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118064401/https://first11.in/football/indian-super-league/emerging-talent-thingujam-korou-singh-earns-kerala-blasters-fc-call-up-for-kalinga-super-cup/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="out1225">{{cite tweet |number=1745773870102245395 |user=KeralaBlasters |title=As some of our first team players don the National colors 🇮🇳, reserve team players Ebindas, Korou, Marvan, and Aritra step into the limelight as they begin their training with the Senior team in Kolkata! 💪 |author=Kerala Blasters FC |date=12 January 2024 |access-date=22 January 2024}}</ref> He made it to the squad for the club's match against Jamshedpur FC on 15 January 2024,<ref name="out173160677186781185822">{{cite tweet |number=1746879915234873381 |user=KeralaBlasters |title=Our Starting XI 🙌 Marko is back at the helm for #KBFCJFC ©️ |author=Kerala Blasters FC |date=15 January 2024 |access-date=22 January 2024}}</ref> but was benched for the entirety of the match.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2024-01-15 |title=Kerala Blasters vs Jamshedpur Highlights, Kalinga Super Cup 2024: KBFC 2 - 3 JFC; Manzorro penalty sees JFC get close win |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/kerala-blasters-vs-jamshedpur-fc-live-score-kalinga-super-cup-2024-kbfc-jfc-updates-goals-highlights-streaming/article67743032.ece |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Sportstar |language=en |archive-date=15 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115154040/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/kerala-blasters-vs-jamshedpur-fc-live-score-kalinga-super-cup-2024-kbfc-jfc-updates-goals-highlights-streaming/article67743032.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> However, his senior-team debut would come on the next matchday on 20 January against [[NorthEast United FC]], where he came in as a substitute for the [[Japan]]ese midfielder [[Daisuke Sakai]] in the 77th minute,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sofascore |title=Kerala Blasters vs NorthEast United live score, H2H and lineups {{!}} Sofascore |url=https://www.sofascore.com/northeast-united-kerala-blasters/YQubscRub |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=www.sofascore.com |language=en |archive-date=22 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122202429/https://www.sofascore.com/northeast-united-kerala-blasters/YQubscRub |url-status=live }}</ref> but the Blasters lost the match 1–4 at full-time.<ref name="out173160677186781185826">{{cite tweet |number=1748978737759097095 |user=KeralaBlasters |title=𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐬 𝐑𝐢𝐬𝐞! 💪 It's been a remarkable journey for Korou, who made his first-team debut from the bench, and for Ebindas, who secured a spot on the squad list! |author=Kerala Blasters FC |date=21 January 2024 |access-date=22 January 2024}}</ref> At 17 years and 47 days, he became the youngest player to make a senior team debut for the Blasters, a record previously held by [[Dheeraj Singh]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-20 |title=Match Highlights {{!}} Kalinga Super Cup 2024 {{!}} Round 3 {{!}} Kerala Blasters FC 1-4 NorthEast United FC |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/videos/match-highlights-kalinga-super-cup-2024-round-3-kerala-blasters-fc-1-4-northeast-united-fc |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=www.indiansuperleague.com |language=en}}</ref> Korou made his Indian Super League debut for the club on 6 April in a 2–0 loss against NorthEast United by coming as a substitute in the 77th minute.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ISL: NorthEast United down Blasters, keep playoff hopes alive |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/sports/football/2024/04/06/isl-northeast-united-versus-kerala-blasters.html |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=Onmanorama}}</ref> On 7 November, he provided his first assist for the club against [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]] and became the youngest player in the Indian Super League to provide an assist.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerala Blasters vs Hyderabad FC Player Ratings: Parag, Korou Singh shine as Hormipam disappoint {{!}} ISL 2024-25 |url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-isl-kerala-blasters-fc-vs-hyderabad-fc-ratings-202411 |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=Khel Now |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Who is Korou Singh? ISL's youngest assist provider & Kerala Blasters FC's prodigy |url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-who-korou-singh-202411 |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=Khel Now |language=en-us}}</ref> On 30 January 2025, Korou scored his first goal for the Blasters against [[Chennaiyin FC]], helping them in a 3–1 win. This also made him the youngest goalscorer for the club and the second youngest goalscorer in Indian Super League at the age of 18 years and 58 days.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-30 |title=Report: Kerala Blasters FC romp to first-ever ISL win in Chennai |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/report-kerala-blasters-fc-romp-to-first-ever-isl-win-in-chennai |access-date=2025-01-30 |website=www.indiansuperleague.com |language=en}}</ref> He scored his second goal in the league against [[Jamshedpur FC]] on 1 March, which ended in 1–1 draw.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rayan |first=Stan |date=2025-03-01 |title=ISL {{!}} Own goal ends Kerala Blasters’ playoff hopes |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/isl-own-goal-ends-kerala-blasters-playoff-hopes/article69279941.ece/ |access-date=2025-03-02 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== International career ==

=== Youth ===

On 1 September 2022, Korou was called up for [[India national under-17 football team|India U-17]] squad for the [[2022 SAFF U-17 Championship]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-09-01 |title=India football squad for SAFF U-17 Championship named |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/india-football-squad-for-saff-u-17-championship-named/articleshow/93924669.cms |access-date=2024-01-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902184852/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/india-football-squad-for-saff-u-17-championship-named/articleshow/93924669.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> He then made his under-17 debut against [[Bhutan national under-17 football team|Bhutan U-17]] on 5 September 2022, which they won 0–3.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-05 |title=SAFF U-17 Championship 2022: India defeat Bhutan 3-0 - Updates, Scores, Results, Live Blog |url=https://thebridge.in/football/saff-u17-championship-2022-bhutan-vs-india-updates-scores-results-live-blog-35150 |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=thebridge.in |language=en |archive-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705171920/https://thebridge.in/football/saff-u17-championship-2022-bhutan-vs-india-updates-scores-results-live-blog-35150 |url-status=live }}</ref> Korou would score his debut goal in the tournament's final on 14 September against [[Nepal national under-17 football team|Nepal U-17]], where he scored in the 30th minute to double the lead, as India won the final 4–0 at full-time, thus helping the nation to lift their fourth SAFF U-17 title.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-14 |title=SAFF U-17 Championship: India win title, defeat Nepal 4-0 in final |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/football/saff-u-17-championship-india-win-title-defeat-nepal-4-0-in-final-101663179665677.html |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=11 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611133955/https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/football/saff-u-17-championship-india-win-title-defeat-nepal-4-0-in-final-101663179665677.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Korou then travelled to [[Oman]] for the under-17's preparatory friendly match ahead of the [[2023 AFC U-17 Asian Cup qualification|2023 AFC U-17 Asian Cup qualifiers]], and started in the match against [[Oman national under-17 football team|Oman U-17]], where his performance was applauded as India won the match by the score of 1–3.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2022-09-27 |title=India U-17 men’s team beats Oman U-17 in friendly |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/india-u-17-football-oman-friendly-3-1-win-afc-asian-cup-saudi-arabia/article65943357.ece |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Sportstar |language=en |archive-date=24 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924082248/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/india-u-17-football-oman-friendly-3-1-win-afc-asian-cup-saudi-arabia/article65943357.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> He scored his second goal for the junior team against [[Kuwait national under-17 football team|Kuwait U-17]] on 5 October 2022 in the 2023 AFC U-17 Asian Cup qualifiers, where he scored the second goal of the match in the 66th minute, as India took the three points with a 3–0 win.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2022-10-06 |title=India record 3-0 win over Kuwait in AFC U-17 Asian Cup Qualifiers |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/india-record-3-0-win-over-kuwait-in-afc-u-17-asian-cup-qualifiers/article65975028.ece |access-date=2024-01-22 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=28 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028072400/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/india-record-3-0-win-over-kuwait-in-afc-u-17-asian-cup-qualifiers/article65975028.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2022-10-06 |title=India beats Kuwait 3-0 in AFC U-17 Asian Cup Qualifiers |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/india-beats-kuwait-3-0-in-afc-u-17-asian-cup-qualifiers-indian-football-results/article65974801.ece |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Sportstar |language=en |archive-date=6 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206103934/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/india-beats-kuwait-3-0-in-afc-u-17-asian-cup-qualifiers-indian-football-results/article65974801.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Korou was then called up for the under-17 squad that travelled to [[Ballari]], [[Karnataka]], to play three friendlies against [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru FC U-18s]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=India U-17 Men’s Team to play 3 friendlies against Bengaluru FC U-18s |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u-17-mens-team-to-play-3-friendlies-against-bengaluru-u-18s |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=www.the-aiff.com |archive-date=9 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209065723/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u-17-mens-team-to-play-3-friendlies-against-bengaluru-u-18s |url-status=live }}</ref> in which he scored one goal each in the last two friendlies on 15 and 18 December.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-17 |title=AFC U17 Asian Cup - India's Road To FIFA U17 World Cup |url=https://iftwc.com/afc-u17-asian-cup-india/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |language=en-US |archive-date=22 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922103602/https://iftwc.com/afc-u17-asian-cup-india/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Korou captained the Indian side for the first time in a friendly match against [[Qatar national under-17 football team|Qatar U-17]] on 28 February 2023, where he scored the final goal for India in the injury-time of the second-half, as the Blue Colts won the match 3–0 at full-time.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-28 |title=India register solid win over Qatar in U-17 football friendly |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/india-register-solid-win-over-qatar-in-u-17-football-friendly/articleshow/98314671.cms |access-date=2024-01-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=15 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315074702/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/india-register-solid-win-over-qatar-in-u-17-football-friendly/articleshow/98314671.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> He was then called up for the under-17 squad that travelled to [[Spain]] and [[Germany]] to play preparatory friendlies ahead of the [[2023 AFC U-17 Asian Cup]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-08 |title=AIFF secretary general optimistic ahead of U-17 team's exposure tour of Europe |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/aiff-secretary-general-optimistic-ahead-of-u-17-teams-exposure-tour-of-europe/articleshow/99345205.cms |access-date=2024-01-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=27 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427005307/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/aiff-secretary-general-optimistic-ahead-of-u-17-teams-exposure-tour-of-europe/articleshow/99345205.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> During their Spanish tour, Korou would score once and provide two assists in their 1–4 win over [[Atlético Madrid (youth)|Atlético Madrid U-16]] on 19 April 2023,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-19 |title=India U-17 wins big against Atletico Madrid U-16 |url=https://thebridge.in/football/india-u-17-wins-big-against-atletico-madrid-u-16-41244 |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=thebridge.in |language=en |archive-date=30 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430033553/https://thebridge.in/football/india-u-17-wins-big-against-atletico-madrid-u-16-41244 |url-status=live }}</ref> and would then score India's only goal in their 1–3 defeat on 10 May against [[Getafe CF|Getafe CF U-18s]], before heading to Germany for the rest of the European tour.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2023-05-10 |title=India U17 loses 1-3 to Getafe U18 |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/india-u17-team-loses-to-getafe-spain-tour-results-aiff-news/article66834873.ece |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Sportstar |language=en |archive-date=23 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523105943/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/india-u17-team-loses-to-getafe-spain-tour-results-aiff-news/article66834873.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> On 30 May, Korou was named in the 23-member squad that travelled to [[Thailand]] for the 2023 AFC U-17 Asian Cup,<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2023-05-30 |title=Bibiano Fernandes announces 23-member India squad for AFC U-17 Asian Cup |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/india-23-member-squad-afc-u17-asian-cup-2023-to-face-vietnam-uzbekistan-japan-bibiano-fernandes/article66911286.ece |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Sportstar |language=en |archive-date=1 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001101701/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/india-23-member-squad-afc-u17-asian-cup-2023-to-face-vietnam-uzbekistan-japan-bibiano-fernandes/article66911286.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> and was subsequently announced as the captain of the Indian side for the tournament by the coach [[Bibiano Fernandes (footballer)|Bibiano Fernandes]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Korou Singh Thingujam to skipper India in AFC U-17 Asian Cup |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/korou-singh-thingujam-to-skipper-india-in-afc-u-17-asian-cup#:~:text=Korou%20Singh%20Thingujam%20to%20skipper%20India%20in%20AFC%20U-17%20Asian%20Cup&text=KHAO%20YAI,%20THAILAND:%20Head%20coach,AFC%20U-17%20Asian%20Cup. |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=All India Football Federation |archive-date=13 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613163456/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/korou-singh-thingujam-to-skipper-india-in-afc-u-17-asian-cup#:~:text=Korou%20Singh%20Thingujam%20to%20skipper%20India%20in%20AFC%20U-17%20Asian%20Cup&text=KHAO%20YAI,%20THAILAND:%20Head%20coach,AFC%20U-17%20Asian%20Cup. |url-status=live }}</ref> He started in all three group stage matches, and then scored in India's last match of the tournament against [[Japan national under-17 football team|Japan U-17]] on 23 June 2023, where he scored India's fourth goal of the match in the 79th, but the match ended with India losing by an 8–4 defeat.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-23 |title=Fighting India lose 4-8 to Japan to crash out of AFC U-17 Asian Cup |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/fighting-india-lose-4-8-to-japan-to-crash-out-of-afc-u-17-asian-cup/articleshow/101224576.cms |access-date=2024-01-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=25 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230625194528/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/fighting-india-lose-4-8-to-japan-to-crash-out-of-afc-u-17-asian-cup/articleshow/101224576.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Personal life ==

Born in the village of Chairel Mangjil in [[Manipur]], Korou started playing football at the age of nine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cope, hope, and scope for India U-17s' Korou Singh |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/cope-hope-and-scope-for-india-u-17s-korou-singh |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=www.the-aiff.com |archive-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603175504/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/cope-hope-and-scope-for-india-u-17s-korou-singh |url-status=live }}</ref> His parents, who were farmers, died after being washed away by the high tides of a nearby river when Korou was just ten years old, and following which he lived in his cousins' household in Chairel Mangjil.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Lahiri |first=Dipankar |date=2023-06-17 |title=Manipuri farmers’ orphan child leads new dawn of Indian football |url=https://thebridge.in/football/india-u17-captain-korou-singh-manipur-farmers-orphan-child-42555 |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=thebridge.in |language=en |archive-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619000143/https://thebridge.in/football/india-u17-captain-korou-singh-manipur-farmers-orphan-child-42555 |url-status=live }}</ref> He has also expressed his admiration for the [[England national football team|England]] international [[Phil Foden]], whom he considers as his favourite football player.<ref name=":0" />

==Career statistics==

===Club===

{{updated|matches played till 31 December 2025}}<ref name="ReferenceA">{{soccerway|korou-singh-thingujam/911952}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|Cup
!colspan="2"|[[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]]
! colspan="2" |Other
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
!Apps
!Goal!!Apps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[Sudeva Delhi FC]]
|[[2021–22 Sudeva Delhi FC season|2021–22]]
|[[I-League]]
| 0|| 0||0
| 0|| colspan="2" |–
|2
|0|| 2||0
|-
|[[Kerala Blasters FC Reserves and Academy|Kerala Blasters FC B]]
|[[2023–24 Kerala Premier League|2023–24]]
|[[Kerala Premier League]]
|8
|2
|0
|0
| colspan="2" |–
| colspan="2" |–
|8
|2
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Kerala Blasters FC]]
|[[2023–24 Kerala Blasters FC season|2023–24]]
|[[Indian Super League]]
| 1|| 0||1
| 0|| colspan="2" |–
| colspan="2" |–|| 2||0
|-
|[[2024-25 Kerala Blasters FC season|2024-25]]
|[[Indian Super League]]
| 17|| 2||0
|0|| colspan="2" |-
| colspan="2" |-|| 17||2
|-
|[[2025-26 Kerala Blasters FC season|2025-26]]
|[[Indian Super League]]
| 0|| 0||3
|1 || colspan="2" |-
|colspan='2" |-|| 3||1
|-
! colspan="3" |Career total
!26!!4!!4
!1!! colspan="2" |–
!2
!0!!32!!5
|}

== Honours ==
'''India U17'''

* [[SAFF U-17 Championship]]: [[2022 SAFF U-17 Championship|2022]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2022 |title=SAFF U-17 Championship: India reinforce regional dominance with fourth crown |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/saff-u17-championship-football-india-vs-nepal-final-result |access-date=22 January 2024 |website=Olympics |archive-date=24 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024061133/https://olympics.com/en/news/saff-u17-championship-football-india-vs-nepal-final-result |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Soccerway|new_id=singh-korou/MqUtSp08|name=Korou Singh|id=911952|archive=20240122202639}}
* {{GSA player|korou-singh/565823|Korou Singh}}
* {{WorldFootball.net|new_id=pe1106406|name=Korou Singh|id=korou-singh|archive=20241202170712}}

{{Kerala Blasters FC squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Korou Singh, Thingujam}}
[[Category:2006 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:India men's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Footballers from Manipur]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:Men's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:Indian Super League players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Sudeva Delhi FC players]]
[[Category:Kerala Blasters FC Reserves and Academy players]]
[[Category:Kerala Blasters FC players]]

List of members of the Board of Control For Cricket in India

2026-01-29T14:42:28Z

Dwps: created.

#REDIRECT [[List of member associations of the BCCI]]

{{R from move}}

Regai

2026-01-21T17:33:40Z

Dwps: new entry

{{Infobox television
| image = Regai 2024 Web Series Poster.jpeg
| caption =
| genre = [[Thriller film|Thriller]] [[Crime drama|Crime]] [[Police procedural]]
| based_on = Rajesh Kumar ‘Regai’
| writer = M. Dhinakaran {{small|(dialogues)}}
| screenplay =
| executive_producer =
| creator =
| director = M. Dhinakaran
| starring = Bala Hasan [[Pavithra Janani]] [[Anjali Rao (actress)|Anjali Rao]] [[Vinodhini Vaidyanathan]]
| music =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes =
| list_episodes =
| producer = S. Singaravelan
| cinematography =
| editor =
| runtime = approx. 20–30 minutes per episode
| company = S.S Group
| network = [[ZEE5]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2025|11|28|df=y}}
| last_aired =
}}

'''Regai''' is a 2025 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Crime drama|Crime]] [[Thriller film|Thriller]] [[Police procedural]] streaming series written and directed by M. Dhinakaran for [[ZEE5]]. Produced by S. Singaravelan under the banner of S.S Group. It is based on the novel of the same name by Rajesh Kumar. The series follows several [[Tamil Nadu Police]] [[Sub-inspector]] and [[Constable]]s in their struggles while they discover severed hands in an ice vending cart.<ref>{{cite news|title=Introducing Regai A Fresh Tamil Crime Thriller Series|url=https://www.themovieblog.com/2025/11/introducing-regai-a-fresh-tamil-crime-thriller-series/|work=www.themovieblog.com|access-date=20 November 2025|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Regai trailer: Tamil crime series that teases motive-less murders|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/zee5-regai-tamil-crime-thriller-trailer-dark-psychological-mystery-2822615-2025-11-19|work=www.indiatoday.in|access-date=19 November 2025|language=en}}</ref>

The primary cast includes Bala Hasan with [[Pavithra Janani]], [[Anjali Rao (actress)|Anjali Rao]], [[Vinodhini Vaidyanathan]], Poobalam Pragathesh, E. Indrajith and others.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bala Hasan and Vinothini Vaidyanathan star in ZEE5's Regai|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2025/Nov/19/tamilnews2025nov18bala-hasan-and-vinothini-vaidyanathan-star-in-zee5s-regai|work=www.newindianexpress.com|access-date=19 November 2025|language=en}}</ref> It released on [[ZEE5]] on 28 November 2025,<ref>{{cite news|title=Dark, unsettling Tamil thriller series 'Regai' to premiere on November 28 |url=https://www.indiatribune.com/public/dark-unsettling-tamil-thriller-series-regai-to-premiere-on-november-28|work=www.indiatribune.com|access-date=18 November 2025|language=en}}</ref> and will air in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] languages.<ref>{{cite news|title=ZEE5 அடுத்த அதிரடி படைப்பு! ரேகை வெப் சீரிஸ்! ரிலீஸ் எப்போது தெரியுமா?|url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/zee-5-ott-new-tamil-web-series-regai-streaming-from-november-28-writer-rajesh-kumar-623173|work=zeenews.india.com|access-date=19 November 2025|language=ta}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* Bala Hasan as [[Sub-inspector]] as Vetri
* [[Pavithra Janani]] as [[Constable]] as Sandhiya
* [[Anjali Rao (actress)|Anjali Rao]] as Dhivya
* [[Vinodhini Vaidyanathan]] as Doctor Pushpavalli
* Poobalam Pragathesh
* E. Indrajith
* M. Sriram
* C.Thavamani as Sandhiya's uncle

== Production ==
=== Development ===
It is an adaptation of the novel of the same name by Rajesh Kumar.<ref>{{cite news|title=‘Regai’ trailer: In Tamil show based on Rajesh Kumar’s novel, the dark side of medical trials|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1088649/regai-trailer-in-tamil-show-based-on-rajesh-kumars-novel-the-dark-side-of-medical-trials|work=scroll.in|access-date=20 November 2025|language=en}}</ref> The series is produced by S. Singaravelan under the S.S Group. It is the second collaboration with [[ZEE5]] after ''[[Seruppugal Jaakirathai]]''.

=== Casting ===
The series stars Bala Hasan<ref>{{cite news|title=Regai Trailer: Bala Hasan's Tamil Series Promises To Be An Unsettling Thriller|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/south-cinema/regai-trailer-bala-hasans-tamil-series-promises-to-be-an-unsettling-thriller|work=www.outlookindia.com|access-date=19 November 2025|language=en}}</ref> as [[Sub-inspector]] Vetri in the lead role in his second collaboration in a limited series after [[The Game: You Never Play Alone]]. Actress [[Pavithra Janani]] was cast as [[Constable]] Sandhiya, marking her return after ''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil TV series) season 8|Bigg Boss 8]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=பிக் பாஸுக்குப் பிறகு... பவித்ரா ஜனனியின் புதிய தொடர்!|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2025/Nov/19/about-pavithra-jananis-new-web-series|work=[[dinamani]]|access-date=19 November 2025|language=ta}}</ref> This is her first lead role in a limited series.

== Release ==
The first Announcement promo was released on 14 November 2025 featuring the poster showing a name card. The series trailer was released on 19 November 2025 and announced a release date of 28 November.<ref>{{cite news|title=ZEE5 announces new Tamil Original Regai, inspired by Rajesh Kumar’s crime universe|url=https://www.medianews4u.com/zee5-announces-new-tamil-original-regai-inspired-by-rajesh-kumars-crime-universe/|work=www.medianews4u.com|access-date=19 November 2025|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=விறுவிறுப்பான க்ரைம் த்ரில்லர் காட்சிகள்: ‘ரேகை’ வெப்சீரிஸ் ட்ரெய்லர்!|url=https://tamil.news18.com/videos/entertainment/crime-thriller-web-series-regai-official-trailer-nw-kls-ws-l-1974115.html|work=tamil.news18.com|access-date=19 November 2025|language=ta}}</ref> The show premiered in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] languages on [[ZEE5]].

== Reception ==
Regai received mixed reviews from critics. ''India Today'' described the series as an "easy watch for crime drama viewers" and noted that, despite "technical flaws and familiar tropes," the show functions as a straightforward whodunnit.<ref>{{cite news |title=Regai review: Tamil crime series on ZEE5|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/regai-tamil-crime-series-zee5-whodunnit-review-2827159-2025-11-28|work=India Today|date=28 November 2025}}</ref>

''OTTplay'' wrote that the series had "potential with its central premise" but found the overall execution "rushed and underwhelming," giving it a rating of 2/5.<ref>{{cite news |title=Regai Series Review: Makes little impression despite a potential plot at hand|url=https://www.ottplay.com/amp/review/regai-series-review-makes-little-impression-despite-a-potential-plot-at-hand/b58627e5be718|work=OTTplay|date=November 2025}}</ref>

''Cinema Express'' called the show "mildly engaging" and remarked that it "does not fully rise above its old-school approach," rating it 2.5/5.<ref>{{cite news |title=Regai series review: This old-school whodunnit is mildly engaging|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2025/Nov/28/regai-series-review-this-old-school-whodunnit-is-mildly-engaging|work=Cinema Express|date=28 November 2025}}</ref>

== Episodic details ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Episode No.
! Title
! Synopsis
|-
| 1
| "The Dead End"
| SI Vetri looks into the unexplained death of his friend Amudhan, but is initially compelled to treat it as an accident. Later, he and Constable Sandhya notice blood dripping from an ice cream cart, hinting at something more sinister.
|-
| 2
| "The Fingerprint Revealed"
| Vetri and Sandhya discover two severed human hands inside the cart and take them to the government hospital, where they question Dr Pushpavalli. Vetri then realises that Amudhan’s death is tied to this gruesome case.
|-
| 3
| "The Trap"
| Vetri reopens Amudhan’s case and returns to the crime scene, where he uncovers additional fingerprints linked to the cart. He and Sandhya begin meeting the families of other victims as the pattern of the killings emerges.
|-
| 4
| "Divya's Escape"
| Vetri and Sandhya manage to catch Divya, who turns violent during interrogation. While the forensic team unlocks Amudhan’s phone and identifies a fifth victim, Divya injures Sandhya in the hospital and manages to escape.
|-
| 5
| "The Clinical Crime"
| An unconscious Sandhya is moved out of the hospital, while Vetri intercepts Divya as she attempts to murder the mortuary attendant. Divya admits her role in the crimes, but Vetri soon receives a menacing threat call.
|-
| 6
| "And That's How She Died"
| Fearing for her safety, Divya reveals the mastermind behind the illegal drug trials. As Vetri races to rescue Sandhya, he sets up a plan to capture the person responsible for killing Amudhan and the other victims.
|}
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=38984146}}
* [https://www.zee5.com/web-series/details/regai/0-6-4z5860212 Regai] on ZEE5

{{ZEE5 Tamil original programming}}
[[Category:Tamil-language web series]]
[[Category:ZEE5 original programming]]
[[Category:2025 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language thriller television series]]
[[Category:Tamil-language crime television series]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Television shows based on Tamil-language novels]]

Abdullah Abu Sayeed

2026-01-06T09:18:48Z

Dwps: Improved article clarity and structure

{{Short description|Bangladeshi educator}}
{{other people||Abu Sayeed (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Abdullah Abu Sayeed
| native_name = আবদুল্লাহ্ আবু সায়ীদ
| native_name_lang = bn
| image = Abdullah Abu Sayeed (cropped).jpg
| caption = Sayeed in 2014
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1940|07|25|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Park Circus]], [[Calcutta]], [[British India]]
| nationality = Bangladeshi
| institution =
| alma_mater = {{unbulleted list|[[University of Dhaka]]}}
| education = {{unbulleted list|[[BA Hons]] ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]) | [[Master of Arts|MA]] (Bengali)}}
| occupation = Teacher, writer, television presenter, activist
| awards = {{Unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Ramon Magsaysay Award]] (2004)}}|[[Bangla Academy Literary Award]] (2011)|[[Ekushey Padak]] (2005)}}
| signature = Signature of Abdullah Abu Sayeed.png
}}

'''Abdullah Abu Sayeed''' (born 25 July 1940) is a Bangladeshi educator, writer, television presenter, and activist. He is the founder and chairman of [[Bishwa Sahitya Kendra]], a non-profit organization that promotes the study of literature, reading habits, and progressive ideas.

==Early life==
Sayeed was born on 25 July 1939 to a [[Bengali Muslim]] family in [[Park Circus]], [[Calcutta]].<ref name="ds27Jul2011">{{cite news |title=The 'bookworm' in full form: Abdullah Abu Sayeed turns 72 |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-195884 |work=The Daily Star |date=2011-07-27 |access-date=2012-12-25 |archive-date=2019-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607181232/https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-195884 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="rmaward" /> His father was Azimuddin Ahmed, a teacher of English and Bengali literature, and a playwright.<ref name="Hossain2000">{{cite book |editor1-last=Hossain |editor1-first=Selina |editor2-last=Islam |editor2-first=Nurul |editor3-last=Hossain |editor3-first=Mobarak |year=2000 |title=Bangla Academy Dictionary of Writers |publisher=Bangla Academy |page=2 |isbn=984-07-4052-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Lorraine Hahn |date=2005-01-14 |title=Ramon Magsaysay Recipient Abdullah Abu Sayeed TalkAsia Transcript |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/asiapcf/01/14/talkasia.sayeed.script/ |publisher=[[CNN]] |access-date=2012-12-15 |archive-date=2012-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005150445/http://edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/asiapcf/01/14/talkasia.sayeed.script/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Their ancestral home was in [[Kachua Upazila, Bagerhat|Kamargati]], [[Bagerhat District]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Abu Sayeed, Abdullah |year=2001 |edition=2 |location=[[Dhaka]] |script-title=bn:বিস্রস্ত জর্নাল |publisher=Sahitya Prakash |language=bn}}</ref> Sayeed passed the [[Secondary School Certificate]] (SSC) exam from Radhanagar Mojumder Academy (School & College), [[Pabna]], in 1955 and the [[Higher Secondary (School) Certificate|Higher Secondary Certificate]] (HSC) exam from Prafulla Chandra College in [[Bagerhat]] in 1957. He later earned [[Bachelor of Arts|BA]] and [[Master of Arts|MA]] degrees in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] from the [[University of Dhaka]] in 1960 and 1961, respectively.<ref name="Hossain2000" /> While studying at the [[University of Dhaka]], he organized, along with others, the birth centenary of the Nobel Laureate poet Rabindranath Tagore.<ref name="thefinancialexpress.com.bd">{{Cite web |title=Abdullah Abu Sayeed: Spreading the light of learning |url=https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/views/reviews/abdullah-abu-sayeed-spreading-the-light-of-learning-1659710562 |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=The Financial Express |language=en |archive-date=2023-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822171429/https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/views/reviews/abdullah-abu-sayeed-spreading-the-light-of-learning-1659710562 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Career==
Sayeed started his career as a guest teacher at Government Haraganga College, Munshiganj. Then he taught at Sylhet Women college for some time. In 1962 he joined [[Rajshahi College]] as a full-time teacher. After 5 months, he joined [[Government Science College, Dhaka]]. He was also an acting principal for 2 years when he was only 23 years old. He also taught Bangla as a part-time lecturer at [[BUET]]. He took voluntary retirement as a professor in April 1992.<ref name="thefinancialexpress.com.bd"/>

Sayeed gave an interview for the post of assistant professor. Being impressed by Sayeed's brilliance and personality, Dhaka College's renowned principal Jalaluddin Ahmed invited Sayeed to Dhaka College.
Sayeed later became the department head of the Bengali language at [[Dhaka College]].<ref name="sw3Sep2004">{{cite news |author=Shamim Ahsan |date=2004-09-03 |title=Recognised for an Enlightening Pursuit |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2004/09/01/endeavour.htm |work=Star Weekend Magazine |access-date=2012-12-15 }}</ref> He was very popular among his students. It is said that even students from other colleges came to attend his classes. He wrote a book on his teaching career named ''Nishfola Mather Krishok'' (''Farmer of an Infertile Land''). He edited the literary magazine ''Kanthashar'' (''The Voice'') in the 1960s, which promoted a new trend in Bangladeshi literature.<ref name="ds27Jul2011" /><ref name="rmaward" />

Sayeed started participating in TV programs in 1966. At first, he was a presenter of children's programs and quiz programs.<ref name="thefinancialexpress.com.bd"/> In the mid-1970s, he started presenting ''Shaptabarna'' (''Seven Colors''), a TV show on [[Bangladesh Television]].{{citation needed|date=June 2019}} Saptabarna was telecast once a week. It was a 90-minute-long program. In the 1970s and 1980s, he also presented the TV show ''Eid Anadamela''. He received the National Television Award in 1977.<ref name="ds5Feb2016">{{cite news |title=Prof. Abdullah Abu Sayeed |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/supplements/star-lifetime-awardees-2016/prof-abdullah-abu-sayeed-212860 |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=2016-02-05 |access-date=2016-02-16}}</ref>

In 1978, he founded the ''[[Bishwa Sahitya Kendra]]''. He has close association with Bangladesh Poribesh Andolan (BAPA) and Transparency International Bangladesh (TIB).<ref name="thefinancialexpress.com.bd"/>

[[File:MZI-YH-AAS.jpg|right|thumb|260px|Abdullah Abu Sayeed (left), with Yasmeen Haque and [[Muhammed Zafar Iqbal]]]]

==Works==
Sayeed has written and edited more than 50 books.<ref name=80th/>
* Bidaye, Obonti (2005)
* Bohe Joloboti Dhara (2006)
* Bhalobashar Shampan (2007)
* Bishwo Shahitto Kendro O Ami (2007)
* Bisrosto Journal (2007)
* Amar Uposthapok Jibon (2008)
* Amar Ashabad (2009)
* Mrityumoy O Chiraharit
* Swapna-Duhswapner Galpo
* Rodanruposhi
* Juddhajatra
* Sangathan O Bangali
* Amar Ashabad
* Amar Boka Shoishob (2010)<ref name="80th">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/news/professor-abdullah-abu-sayeeds-80th-birth-anniversary-today-1776367 |title=Professor Abdullah Abu Sayeed's 80th birth anniversary today |date=2019-07-25 |work=The Daily Star |language=en |access-date=2019-07-24 |archive-date=2019-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724230859/https://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/news/professor-abdullah-abu-sayeeds-80th-birth-anniversary-today-1776367 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Awards==
* [[Ramon Magsaysay Award]] (2004) in journalism, literature, and creative communication arts for "cultivating in the youth of Bangladesh a love for books and their humanizing values through exposure to the great works of Bengal and the world".<ref name="rmaward">{{cite web |url=http://www.rmaward.asia/awardees/sayeed-abdullah-abu/ |title=Sayeed, Abdullah Abu |website=Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation |access-date=2012-12-15 |archive-date=2017-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911054940/http://rmaward.asia/awardees/sayeed-abdullah-abu/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
* National Television Award (1977)<ref name="ds5Feb2016" />
* Mahbub Ullah Trust Award (1998)<ref name="ds27Jul2011" />
* [[Ekushey Padak]] (2005)<ref name="ds5Feb2016" />
* [[Bangla Academy Literary Award]] (2011) for his essays<ref name="bdnews1">{{cite news |title=Bangla Academy prizes announced |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/bangla-academy-prizes-announced |newspaper=bdnews24.com |date=2012-02-18 |access-date=2012-12-15}}</ref>
* Khan Muhammad Farabi Memorial Award (2012)<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-251589 |title=Prof Abu Sayeed gets Farabi memorial award |date=2012-09-28 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=2018-08-10 |language=en |archive-date=2018-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810112628/https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-251589 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* Star Lifetime Award on Education (2016)<ref name="ds5Feb2016" />
* 1st [[Nahar Kamal Ahmad]] Achievement Award (2025)

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{commons}}
{{Ramon Magsaysay Award Winners}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sayeed, Abdullah Abu}}
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi male writers]]
[[Category:University of Dhaka alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Dhaka College]]
[[Category:Ramon Magsaysay Award winners]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Bangla Academy Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ekushey Padak]]
[[Category:People from Bagerhat District]]
[[Category:Pabna Zilla School alumni]]
[[Category:Government Prafulla Chandra College alumni]]

Lalita Udpa

2026-01-02T06:00:37Z

Dwps: adding a bio!

{{Short description|Indian-American electrical engineer}}
{{Use dmy dates|cs1-dates=ly|date=July 2024}}
{{Use list-defined references|date=July 2024}}
{{CS1 config|mode=cs2}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Lalita Udpa
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| fields = [[Electrical engineer]]
| workplaces = [[Michigan State University]]
| patrons =
| education = [[University of Pune]] [[Colorado State University]]
| alma_mater =
| thesis_title = 
| thesis_url = 
| thesis_year = 
| doctoral_advisor = 
| academic_advisors =
| doctoral_students =
| notable_students =
| known_for =
| awards =
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| partner = 
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| website = 
}}
'''Lalita Udpa''' is University Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at [[Michigan State University]]. She was educated in India and the US, and focuses her research on [[nondestructive testing]], including the inspection of aircraft and pipelines.{{r|profile}}

==Education==
Udpa studied physics at the [[University of Pune]] in India, earning a bachelor's degree in 1972 and a master's degree in 1974. She came to [[Colorado State University]] in the US for continued study in electrical engineering, earned a second master's degree in 1981, and completed her Ph.D. in 1986.{{r|profile}}

==Recognition==
Udpa was named as a Fellow of the [[American Society for Nondestructive Testing]] in 2007,{{r|asnt}} and was the 2015 recipient of the society's Advancement of Women in NDT Recognition Award.{{r|awndt}} She was named an [[IEEE Fellow]] in 2008, "for contributions to development of forward and inverse electromagnetic nondestructive evaluation methodologies".{{r|ieee-fellow}}

==References==
<references>

<ref name=asnt>{{citation|url=https://www.asnt.org/MajorSiteSections/About/Awards/Fellow/Past_Recipients.aspx|title=Past Fellow of ASNT Recipients|publisher=American Society for Nondestructive Testing|access-date=2024-07-09|archive-date=2024-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710002338/https://www.asnt.org/MajorSiteSections/About/Awards/Fellow/Past_Recipients.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name=awndt>{{citation|url=https://www.asnt.org/MajorSiteSections/About/Awards/Advancement_of_Women_in_NDT_Recognition/Past_Recipients.aspx|title=Past Advancement of Women in NDT Recipients|publisher=American Society for Nondestructive Testing|access-date=2024-07-09|archive-date=2024-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710002339/https://www.asnt.org/MajorSiteSections/About/Awards/Advancement_of_Women_in_NDT_Recognition/Past_Recipients.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name=ieee-fellow>{{citation|url=https://services27.ieee.org/fellowsdirectory/home.html|title=IEEE Fellows directory|publisher=IEEE|access-date=2024-07-09}}</ref>

<ref name=profile>{{citation|url=https://engineering.msu.edu/faculty/Lalita-Udpa|title=Lalita Udpa|work= Faculty and staff directory|publisher=Michigan State University College of Engineering|access-date=2024-07-09}}</ref>

</references>

==External links==
*[https://www.egr.msu.edu/ndel/ Non-destructive evaluation laboratory]
*{{Google Scholar id|Xw4ceBsAAAAJ}}

{{Authority control|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Udpa, Lalita}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American electrical engineers]]
[[Category:Indian electrical engineers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women engineers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian engineers]]
[[Category:Savitribai Phule Pune University alumni]]
[[Category:Colorado State University alumni]]
[[Category:Michigan State University faculty]]
[[Category:Fellows of the IEEE]]
[[Category:American women electrical engineers]]

Kachhwaha

2026-01-01T08:11:08Z

Dwps: updated page

{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Short description|Clan of Rajputs in India}}
{{About|a Rajput clan historically associated with Jaipur state|agricultural communities of the Indo-Gangetic Plain|Kushwaha}}
{{Lead too short|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}

The '''Kachhwaha''' is a [[List of Rajput dynasties and states|Rajput]] clan found primarily in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fpJ7ry7B5TYC&dq=kachwaha+rajput&pg=PA167 |title=Textbook of Indian History and Culture |date=2007 |publisher=Macmillan India Limited |isbn=978-1-4039-3200-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=167 |language=en}}</ref><ref>The Rajput Palaces: The Development of an Architectural Style, 1450–1750 p. 88 – "the Kachwaha Rajputs (who had previously ruled in Gwalior) established themselves in an adjacent region, founding Dhundar as their capital in 967 AD {{ISBN|9780195647303}}."[https://books.google.com/books?id=jgTqAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Rajput+Palaces:%C2%A0The+Development+of+an+Architectural+Style,+1450-1750+pg.88]
</ref> They claim to be descendants of [[Kusha (Ramayana)|Kusha]], hence from the [[Solar dynasty|Suryavanshi (Solar) dynasty]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=“Out of thirty six major clans of the Rajputs, ten belong to Suryavanshi (Sisodia, Rathor, Kachhwaha etc.) and ten to Chandravanshi” |first=Kumar Suresh Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dhAwAQAAIAAJ&q=kachhwaha+suryavanshi |title=People of India: Rajasthan |date=1998 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-81-7154-769-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=“12. The suryavanshi are divided into three major clans: the Guhilot, Kachwaha and the Rathod (Karve 1965: 166).” |first=Maya Unnithan-Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b9ktWLud0oIC&dq=kachhwaha+suryavanshi&pg=PA136 |title=Identity, Gender, and Poverty: New Perspectives on Caste and Tribe in Rajasthan |date=1997 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-1-57181-918-5 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Metha |first=Arun |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X0IwAQAAIAAJ&q=kachhwaha+suryavanshi |title=History of Medieval India |date=2004 |publisher=ABD Publishers |isbn=978-81-85771-95-3 |language=en}}</ref> The Kachhwahas ruled the [[Kingdom of Amber]] in present-day [[Rajasthan|Rajasthan, India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chakravarti |first=Anand |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fD4HAAAAMAAJ |title=Contradiction and Change: Emerging Patterns of Authority in a Rajasthan Village |date=1975 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-560523-5 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Kingdom of Amber |date=2025-06-29 |work=Bharatpedia |url=https://en.Bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Amber&oldid=1297866910 |access-date=2025-08-01 |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Raja Man Singh of Amber.jpg|thumb|Painting depicting Raja Man Singh Kacchwaha]]

==Etymology==
According to Cynthia Talbot, ''Kachhwaha'' is a [[Sanskrit]] word which means [[tortoise]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Last Hindu Emperor: Prithviraj Cauhan and the Indian Past, 1200–2000 |edition=illustrated |year=2015 |pages=146–182 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |chapter=Imagining the Rajput Past in Mughal–era Mewar |first=Cynthia |last=Talbot |doi=10.1017/CBO9781316339893.006 |isbn=9781316339893 |quote=This is a reference to [[Pajawan|Pajjun]]'s family name, Kachhwaha, which means tortoise}}</ref> According to other sources, the clan name ‘Kacchwaha’ has been derived from the name of Kusha, [[Rama|Rama’s]] son, so they also claim descent from Rama’s son Kusha and thus from the Suryavanshi lineage.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Prasad |first=Rajiv Nain |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35121 |title=Raja Man Singh Of Amber}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=“Also, there are people in India by surname Kushwaha & Kachhwaha, who claims to be descendants of Lord Rama.” |first=Suresh Kumar Pareek |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VywbEQAAQBAJ&dq=kachwaha+lord+rama&pg=PT6 |title=Know the God through the Lens of Science |date=2024-08-22 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=979-8-89519-587-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=“The Kachhwahas are suryavanshi (of the Sun dynasty), tracing their descent from Kush, son of Lord Rama.” |first=DK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oXa60HtlNOYC&dq=kachwaha+lord+rama&pg=PA196 |title=Great Monuments of India |date=2009-11-02 |publisher=Dorling Kindersley Limited |isbn=978-1-4053-4782-2 |language=en}}</ref>

==Origin==
[[File:Flag of Kohra.png|thumb|Original Jharshahi Flag (Kovidar/kachnar dhvaj)]]

The Kacchwahas claim descent from Kusha, son of the [[Hindus|Hindu]]<nowiki> God Rama{{.</nowiki><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhatnagar |first=V. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=plFuAAAAMAAJ&q=origin+of+kachwaha |title=Life and Times of Sawai Jai Singh, 1688-1743 |date=1974 |publisher=Impex India |language=en}}</ref> According to James Mills, the ancestors of Kacchwaha Rajputs had migrated from [[Kosala kingdom|Kosala]] and established a new dynasty at [[Gwalior]] and later migrated to [[Rajasthan]] in 1028 AD. Some historians associate Dulha Rao, the founder of the [[Jaipur]]-Kachhwaha lineage, with the [[Kachchhapaghata dynasty]] of 10th century.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bahadur |first=Krishna Prakash |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CaGAAAAAMAAJ&q=kachwaha+rajput+origin |title=Caste, Tribes & Culture of India |date=1977 |publisher=Ess Ess Publications |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nijjar |first=Bakhshish Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xQM9voN21ekC&dq=kachwaha+rajputs+migrated&pg=PA342 |title=Origins and History of Jats and Other Allied Nomadic Tribes of India: 900 B.C.-1947 A.D. |date=2008 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist |isbn=978-81-269-0908-7 |language=en}}</ref>

According to Rima Hooja, the Kachhwahas were initially referred to by names such as ''Kachhapaghata'', ''Kachwaha'' and ''Katsawaha''. The variant ''Kachawa'' became popular in the late 16th century during the reign of [[Raja Man Singh]], a Mughal [[Subahdar]] of [[Bihar Subah]] (1587-1594),<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ahmad |first1=Imtiaz |date=2002 |title=Mughal Governors of Bihar Under Akbar and Jahangir |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44158096 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=63 |pages=281–288 |jstor=44158096}}</ref> and of [[Bengal Subah]] (1595-1606.<ref>{{Citation |title=Peshawar, Pakistan, 1980 |work=Crossing the River Kabul |pages=153–155 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1p6jhvp.50 |access-date=2023-12-24 |publisher=Potomac Books |doi=10.2307/j.ctt1p6jhvp.50 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Several inscriptions and manuscripts, such as those found in Balvan, Chatsu, Sanganer and Rewasa are cited in support of this theory.<ref>History of Rajasthan by Rima Hooja Section:The Kachwahas of Dhoondhar p. 2 {{ISBN|9788129108906}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:1 Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II ca 1725 Jaipur. British museum.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Jai Singh II|Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II]] (1688–1743) one of the Greatest Kachhwaha Ruler.]]
[[File:Jaipur 03-2016 19 City Palace complex.jpg|thumb|''Chandramahal'' in [[City Palace, Jaipur]], which was built by the Kachwaha Rajputs.]]

=== Dulha Rai ===
Kachhwaha established their kingdoms in the Dhundhar region of modern Rajasthan in the 11th century. One Kachhwaha [[Dulha Rai]] conquered most of the Dhundhar area from [[Bargujars]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Jadunath|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O0oPIo9TXKcC|title=A History of Jaipur: C. 1503–1938|date=1994|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-0333-5|pages=20–33|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Wink|first=André|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bCVyhH5VDjAC|title=Al-hind: The Making of the Indo-islamic World|date=2002|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-09249-5|pages=287|language=en}}</ref>

=== Raja Kakil deo ===
After Dulherai, his son [[Kakil]] Deo defeated the Meenas of Amer and made Amer the capital of Dhundhar after [[Khoh]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Jaigarh, the Invincible Fort of Amber| year=1990 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hkBuAAAAMAAJ&q=Khoh|page=18|publisher=RBSA Publishers, 1990| isbn=9788185176482 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Taknet |first1=D. K. |author-link=D. K. Taknet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5tCeDAAAQBAJ&q=khoh |title=Jaipur: Gem of India |last2=IntegralDMS |date=2016-07-07 |publisher=IntegralDMS |isbn=978-1-942322-05-4 |language=en}}</ref> He also defeated the Ahirs of Dhundhar region and annexed their territories in the battles of Med and Bairath. Bairath is the corrupted name of Viratnagar which has a great significance in Mahabharata.

=== Raja Pajawan ===
Raja [[Pajawan]] helped [[Prithviraj Chauhan]] in his most of the campaigns and conquests. In total, he is credited to have fought 64 battles in his career. He was married to a cousin of Prithviraj Chauhan.<ref name=":0" /> He died before the popular Battle of Tarain.

=== Raja Prithviraj Singh I ===
Kachhwaha King [[Prithviraj Singh I]] fought along with [[Rana Sanga]] at battle of Khanwa.<ref name=":0" /> He was married to the daughter of Rao Lunkarna of Bikaner, with all his wives summed to nine, giving birth to 18 sons. One of his sons, Purnamal died fighting with Humayun's brother Hindal in a battle that occurred in 1539 AD.

=== Raja Man Singh I ===
He was one of the most trusted nobles of Akbar. He was the supreme commander of the Mughal forces. He built the Amer Fort. He built and saved a number of Hindu temples.

=== Sawai Jai Singh II ===
He built the pink city of Jaipur and five astronomical observatories at Delhi, Jaipur, Benaras, Mathura and Ujjain. He also established Govind Dev Ji temple at Jaipur.

==Sub-Clans==
There are approximately 71 subclans of the Kachhwahas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Meena |first=R. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RH--DwAAQBAJ&q=71+subclans+&pg=PA20 |title=RPSC RAS Prelims: History of Rajasthan Complete Study Notes With MCQ |publisher=New Era Publication |language=en}}</ref> The prominent ones are:
*Rajawat - The Rajawats hold the right of succession to the Jaipur throne, and the Maharaja of Jaipur belongs to this subclan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Crooke |first=William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=61Y2M9ppW64C&dq=rajawat+clan&pg=PA88 |title=The Tribes and Castes of the North-western Provinces and Oudh |date=1896 |publisher=Office of the superintendent of government printing |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Aberigh-Mackay |first=George |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4uoHAAAAMAAJ&dq=rajawat+clan&pg=PA29 |title=The Native Chiefs and Their States in 1877: A Manual of Reference |date=1878 |publisher=Times of India Steam Press |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Shekhawat]] - Descendants of [[Rao Shekha|Rao shekha]].<ref name="Hooja 2006">{{Cite book |last=Hooja |first=Rima |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ |title=A History of Rajasthan |date=2006 |publisher=Rupa & Company |isbn=978-81-291-0890-6 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Naruka]] - Descendants of Rao Naru .<ref name="Hooja 2006" />
*Nathawat - Descendants of rao natha.
*[[Khangarot]]- Descendants of Rao khangar.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bayley |first=C. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7nwUqnwj4h4C&q=khangarot+&pg=PA76 |title=Chiefs and Leading Families in Rajputana |date=2004 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-1066-8 |language=en}}</ref>

==Notable people==
{{unreferenced section|date=February 2022}}

===Khoh Kingdom===
* [[Dulha Rai]]
* [[Kakil]]

===Amber Kingdom===
* [[Pajawan]]
* [[Prithviraj Singh I]]
* [[Bharmal]]
* [[Bhagwant Das]]
* [[Man Singh I]]
* Mirza Raja [[Jai Singh I]]

===Jaipur State===
* Maharaja Sawai [[Jai Singh II]]
* Maharaja [[Ram Singh I]]
* Maharaja Sawai [[Madho Singh I]]
* Maharaja Sawai [[Pratap Singh of Jaipur|Pratap Singh]]
* Maharaja [[Sawai Man Singh II]]
* Maharani [[Gayatri Devi]]
* Maharaja [[Bhawani Singh|Sawai Bhawani Singh]]
* Princess [[Diya Kumari]]
* Maharaja [[Padmanabh Singh]]

===Alwar State===
* Rao Raja [[Pratap Singh Prabhakar|Pratap Singh]]
* Colonel HH Raj Rishi Shri Sawai Maharaja Sir [[Jai Singh Prabhakar|Jai Singh]]
* HH Raj Rishi Shri Sawai Maharaja [[Jitendra Singh (Congress politician)|Jitendra Singh]]
* Rajkumari [[Bhuvneshwari Kumari]]

===Kohra Estate===
* [[Babu Himmat Sah]]
* [[Babu Bhoop Singh]]

===Shekhawati Region===
* [[Rao Shekha]] of amarsar
* [[Ajit Singh of Khetri]]

==See also==
•[[Rajput clans]]

•[[Rajputana Agency|Rajputana]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*Bayley C. (1894) ''Chiefs and Leading Families in Rajputana''
*[[David Henige|Henige, David]] (2004). ''Princely states of India;A guide to chronology and rulers''
*Jyoti J. (2001) ''Royal Jaipur''
*Krishnadatta Kavi, Gopalnarayan Bahura(editor) (1983) ''Pratapa Prakasa, a contemporary account of life in the court at Jaipur in the late 18th century''
* Khangarot, R.S., and P.S. Nathawat (1990). ''Jaigarh- The invincible Fort of Amber''
*[[Andrew Topsfield|Topsfield, A.]] (1994). ''Indian paintings from Oxford collections''
*Tillotson, G. (2006). ''Jaipur Nama'', [[Penguin books]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kachwaha, Kachhwaha}}
[[Category:Rajput clans]]
[[Category:Rajput dynasties]]
[[Category:Rajput clans of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Dynasties of India]]

Girijananda Chowdhury University

2025-12-19T12:42:30Z

Dwps: Started basic stub added tags.

{{Sources exist|date=May 2024}}
{{Short description|Private university in Assam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Girijananda Chowdhury University
| type = Private
| established = 17 October 2022
| academic_affiliation = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]
| chancellor = Jayanta Deka
| vice_chancellor = Dr. Kandarpa Das<ref>https://gcuniversity.ac.in/vice-chancellor/ Publication</ref><ref name="pratidintime">{{cite web|url=https://www.pratidintime.com/guwahati-news-breaking-latest/girijananda-chowdhury-university-vc-pushkin-medal|author=Pratidin Time|website=pratidintime.com|title=Girijananda Chowdhury University VC Receives Prestigious Pushkin Medal|date=8 September 2023 |access-date=2024-01-17}}</ref>
| city = [[Azara, Guwahati|Azara]] [[Guwahati]]
| country = [[India]]
| campus_type = Urban
| website = https://gcuniversity.ac.in/
}}
'''Girijananda Chowdhury University ''' is a [[private university]] in [[Guwahati]], [[Assam]], established by cabinet decision of [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] under Assam Act XLVII of 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Girijananda Chowdhury University, Assam, Act, 2022 (Assam Act No.XLVII of 2022) {{!}} Legislative {{!}} Government Of Assam, India |url=https://legislative.assam.gov.in/documents-detail/the-girijananda-chowdhury-university-assam-act-2022-assam-act-noxlvii-of-2022 |access-date=2024-01-17 |website=legislative.assam.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=NEWS |first=NE NOW |date=2022-09-12 |title=Assam: Cabinet approves establishment of Girijananda Chowdhury University |url=http://nenow.in/education/assam-cabinet-approves-establishment-girijananda-chowdhury-university.html |access-date=2024-01-17 |website=NORTHEAST NOW |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Notification (17/10/2022) The Girijananda Chowdhury University, Assam, Act, 2022. – THE GAUHATI HIGH COURT|url=https://ghconline.gov.in/index.php/notification-17-10-2022-the-girijananda-chowdhury-university-assam-act-2022/ |access-date=2024-01-17 |website=ghconline.gov.in}}</ref> The university has been set up under the aegis of the Shrimanta Shankar Academy (SSA) Society, a leading social organization in Assam that promotes the teachings of the great Assamese saint [[Sankardev|Shrimanta Shankar Dev]].

== Overview ==
The core ideal of GCU is imbibed in its motto of Enhancing Equity and Empathy with Empowerment. The University emerged through the culmination of the [[Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Management and Technology, Tezpur|Girijananda Institute of Management and Technology (GIMT)]] and the Girijananda Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (GIPS) to impart professional [[Higher education in India|higher education]] in a spirit of philanthropy and social commitment. GCU received approval from the University Grants Commission (UGC) under section 2(f) on 24 November 2022.

== Campus ==
The main campus of GCU is located at Azara, Guwahati on the [[Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport|Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport]] road and covers an area of 20 acres. The university has a constituent campus at Dekargaon, Tezpur, which accommodates the state's 1st PPP ([[Public–private partnership|Public Private Partnership]]) pharmacy institute (GIPS-Tezpur) and sprawls across an area of 66 acres.

== Governance ==
Shri Lakshman Prasad Acharya, [[Governor of Assam]] is the [[Visitor]] of Girijananda Chowdhury University. Prof. Jayanta Deka is the Chancellor and Prof. Kandarpa Das is the Vice Chancellor of GCU.

== Academics ==
The Girijananda Chowdhury University, Assam began its academic journey in the year 2023-2024 as a Multidisciplinary Teaching-Intensive University and aspires to become a Research-Intensive Multidisciplinary University over the years. The university currently offers [[Undergraduate education|undergraduate]], [[Postgraduate education|postgraduate]] and [[doctoral studies]] across different disciplines under its specialized schools of-
* Engineering and Technology
* Management and Commerce
* Pharmaceutical Sciences
* Humanities and Social Sciences
* Natural Sciences
* Allied Health Sciences
* Centre for Legal Studies
Presently, B. Tech (Mechanical Engineering) and B. Pharm programmes of the University are accredited by the [[National Board of Accreditation]] (NBA). The University has also received approval from [[All India Council for Technical Education|AICTE]] (All India Council for Technical Education) and [[Pharmacy Council of India|PCI]] (Pharmacy Council of India) respectively for its programmes in Engineering, Computer Applications, Management and Pharmacy.

PhD admissions at GCU are made through the Research Entrance Test (GCU-RET) and for UG and PG programmes, the Girijananda Chowdhury University Common Admission Test (GCU-CAT) is conducted. Diploma and certificate courses are also offered by the university in different domains.

Girijananda Chowdhury University is the [https://nenow.in/uncategorized/gimt-guwahati-becomes-nes-first-institute-to-get-aicte-idea-lab.html first University in North-eastern India] to have established a fully-functional AICTE-IDEA Lab.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Universities and colleges in Guwahati]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2022]]
[[Category:2022 establishments in Assam]]

Stapleton Cotton, 1st Viscount Combermere

2025-12-11T17:36:33Z

Dwps: typo fix

{{Short description|British Army officer, politician and colonial administrator}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix= [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] [[The Right Honourable]]
| name = The Viscount Combermere
| honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCB|GCH|KSI|PC}}
| image =Stapleton Cotton, 1st Viscount Combermere by Mary Martha Pearson (née Dutton).jpg
| caption =
| birth_date =14 November 1773
| death_date =21 February 1865 (aged 91)
| birth_place =[[Lleweni Hall]], [[Denbighshire]]
| death_place =[[Clifton, Bristol]], [[Bristol]]
| placeofburial_coordinates = 
| nationality = [[United Kingdom|British]]
| alma_mater =[[Westminster School]]
| order = [[Governor of Barbados]]
| term_start = 1817
| term_end = 1820
| monarch =[[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]]
| predecessor =John Foster Alleyne (acting)
| successor = John Brathwaite Skeete (acting)
| nickname =
| allegiance ={{flagcountry|Kingdom of Great Britain}} {{flagcountry|UKGBI}}
| branch =[[British Army]]
| serviceyears =1790–1830
| rank =[[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]]
| unit =
| commands =[[22nd Dragoons|25th Light Dragoons]] [[16th The Queen's Lancers|16th Light Dragoons]] [[Commander-in-Chief, Ireland]] [[Commander-in-Chief, India]]
| battles =[[French Revolutionary Wars]] [[Fourth Anglo-Mysore War]] [[Irish rebellion of 1803]] [[Peninsular War]]
| awards =[[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] [[Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order]] [[Order of the Star of India|Knight Companion of the Order of the Star of India]]
| relations =
| laterwork =
}}

[[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] '''Stapleton Cotton, 1st Viscount Combermere''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GCB|GCH|KSI|PC}} (14 November 1773 – 21 February 1865) was a [[British Army]] officer, politician and colonial administrator who served as the [[governor of Barbados]] from 1817 to 1820. As a junior officer, he took part in the [[Low Countries theatre of the War of the First Coalition|Flanders campaign]], the [[Fourth Anglo-Mysore War]] and in the [[Irish rebellion of 1803]]. Cotton commanded a cavalry brigade in [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Sir Arthur Wellesley]]'s Army before being given overall command of the cavalry in the latter stages of the [[Peninsular War]]. He went on to be [[Commander-in-Chief, Ireland]] and then [[Commander-in-Chief, India]]. In the latter role he [[Siege of Bharatpur (1825–1826)|stormed Bharatpur]]—a fort which previously had been deemed impregnable.

==Career==
[[File:The Lord Combermere, Audlem - geograph.org.uk - 4189874.jpg|thumb|right|The Lord Combermere pub in [[Audlem, Cheshire]]]]
===1790–1805===
Cotton was born at [[Lleweni Hall]], [[Denbighshire]] in [[Wales]],{{sfn|Shand|1902|page=394}} the second surviving son of [[Sir Robert Salusbury Cotton, 5th Baronet]] and Frances Cotton (née Stapleton). When he was eight, Cotton was sent to board at the grammar school in [[Audlem]] some {{convert|8|mi}} from the family's estate at [[Combermere Abbey]], where he was tutored by the headmaster, the Reverend William Salmon, who was also chaplain of the private Cotton chapel outside the estate gates.{{sfn|Stapleton Cotton|Stapleton Cotton|Knollys|1866|page=25}} A quick, lively boy, he was known by his family as 'Young Rapid,' and was continually in scrapes.{{sfn|Chichester|1887|pages=316–319}} After three years in Audlem, he continued his education at [[Westminster School]] where he joined the fourth form under Dr. Dodd and his contemporaries included future soldiers [[John Byng, 1st Earl of Strafford|Jack Byng]], [[Robert Wilson (British Army officer, born 1777)|Robert Wilson]] and the poet [[Robert Southey]].{{sfn|Stapleton Cotton|Stapleton Cotton|Knollys|1866|page=25}} He was then sent to Norwood House, a private military academy in [[Bayswater]], which was run by a Shropshire militiaman, Major Reynolds, an acquaintance of his father's. On 26{{nbsp}}February 1790, Cotton's father obtained for him a [[second lieutenant|second-lieutenancy]], [[Purchase of commissions in the British Army|without purchase]], in the [[Royal Welch Fusiliers|23rd Regiment of Foot]] or Royal Welch Fusiliers, which he joined in Dublin in 1791.{{sfn|Stapleton Cotton|Stapleton Cotton|Knollys|1866|page=30}}<ref name=odnb>{{cite ODNB|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/6428|title=Stapleton Cotton, 1st Viscount Combermere|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/6428 |access-date=8 February 2014}}</ref> He was promoted to [[lieutenant]] in the [[77th (East Middlesex) Regiment of Foot|77th Regiment of Foot]] on 9 April 1791<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=13297|page=213|date=5 April 1791}}</ref> and, having transferred back to the 23rd Regiment of Foot on 13 April 1791,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=13347|page=542|date=27 September 1791}}</ref> he was promoted to [[captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] in the [[Carabiniers (6th Dragoon Guards)|6th Dragoon Guards]] on 28 February 1793.<ref name=heath94>Heathcote, p. 94</ref> He served with his regiment at the [[Siege of Dunkirk (1793)|Siege of Dunkirk]] in August 1793 and at the [[Battle of Beaumont (1794)|Battle of Beaumont]] in April 1794 under the [[Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany|Duke of York]] during the [[Low Countries theatre of the War of the First Coalition|Flanders Campaign]].<ref name=heath95>Heathcote, p. 95</ref> He became a [[Major (rank)|major]] in the [[59th (2nd Nottinghamshire) Regiment of Foot|59th Regiment of Foot]] on 28 April 1794 and commanding officer of the [[22nd Dragoons|25th Light Dragoons]] (subsequently 22nd) with the rank of [[lieutenant colonel]] on 27 September 1794.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=13707|page=973|date=23 September 1794}}</ref>

In 1796 Cotton went with his regiment to [[India]]. En route he took part in operations in [[Cape Colony]] (July to August 1796), and on arrival was present at the [[Siege of Seringapatam (1799)|Siege of Seringapatam]] in May 1799 during the [[Fourth Anglo-Mysore War]],<ref name=heath95/> where he first met [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Colonel Arthur Wellesley]], later the Duke of Wellington.<ref>{{cite book|first=A.J.|last=Smithers|title=Honorable Conquests: An account of the enduring work of the Royal Engineers throughout the Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bPHNAwAAQBAJ|year=1998|publisher=Pen and Sword|isbn=978-1-4738-1532-2|page=45}}</ref> He became commanding officer of the [[16th The Queen's Lancers|16th Light Dragoons]], then based in [[Brighton]], on 18 February 1800.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=15231|page=153|date=15 February 1800}}</ref> Promoted to [[colonel]] on 1 January 1800,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=15218|page=1|date=31 December 1799}}</ref> he was posted with his regiment to Ireland in 1802 and took part in the suppression of [[Robert Emmet]]'s insurrection in 1803.<ref name=heath95/> Promoted to [[major general (United Kingdom)|major-general]] on 2 November 1805,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=15856|page=1341|date=29 October 1805}}</ref> he was given command of a cavalry brigade at [[Weymouth, Dorset|Weymouth]].<ref name=heath95/>

===Peninsular War===
Cotton was elected [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Newark (UK Parliament constituency)|Newark]] in 1806.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=16029|page=657|date=16 May 1807}}</ref> He was deployed to [[Portugal]] in April 1809 and commanded a cavalry brigade in [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Sir Arthur Wellesley]]'s Army.<ref name=heath95/> Cotton was both courageous and also splendidly dressed in battle throughout the [[Peninsular War]] and was nicknamed the "Lion d' Or" ("Lion of Gold").<ref name=odnb/> He took part in the [[Second Battle of Porto]] in May 1809 and the [[Battle of Talavera]] in July 1809 and, having succeeded to his father's baronetcy in August 1809, returned home to view his estate.<ref name=heath95/> He returned to Portugal in May 1810 and, having been promoted to the local rank of [[lieutenant general (United Kingdom)|lieutenant-general]] and given overall command of the cavalry, fought at the [[Battle of Bussaco]] in September 1810 and then covered the withdrawal to the [[Lines of Torres Vedras]] later that year.<ref name=heath95/>

After fighting at the [[Battle of Sabugal]] in April 1811 and the [[Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro]] in May 1811, Cotton was promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant-general on 1 January 1812.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=16556|page=2498|date=28 December 1811}}</ref> He took part in the [[Battle of Salamanca]] in July 1812, where he was second-in-command of the Army. During the engagement he successfully led a cavalry charge against [[Antoine Louis Popon de Maucune|Maucune]]'s division, leading Wellington to exclaim, "By God, Cotton, I never saw anything so beautiful in my life; the day is ''yours''."{{sfn|Barthorp|1990|page=14}} According to Wellington's subsequent despatch, "Cotton made a most gallant and successful charge against a body of the enemy's infantry which they overthrew and cut to pieces."<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=16633|page=1633|date=16 August 1812}}</ref> At the end of the battle he was accidentally shot by a Portuguese sentry.<ref name=heath95/> In recognition of his gallantry he was appointed a [[Order of the Bath|Knight of the Order of the Bath]] on 21 August 1812<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=16636|page=1677|date=18 August 1812}}</ref> and an honorary [[Order of the Tower and Sword|Knight Grand Cross of the Portuguese Military Order of the Tower and Sword]] on 11 March 1813.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=16711|page=531|date=13 March 1813}}</ref>

Cotton went on to fight at the [[Battle of the Pyrenees]] in July 1813, the [[Battle of Orthez]] in February 1814 and the [[Battle of Toulouse (1814)|Battle of Toulouse]] in April 1814.<ref name=heath95/> For these services he was raised to the [[peerage]] as '''Baron Combermere''' in the county palatine of Chester on 3 May 1814<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=16894|page=936|date=3 May 1814}}</ref> and advanced to [[Order of the Bath|Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] on 4 January 1815.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=16972|date=4 January 1815|page=18}}</ref>

===1815–1822===
[[File:Statue of Viscount Combermere on Grosvenor Road - geograph.org.uk - 526864.jpg|thumb|left|[[Equestrian Statue of Viscount Combermere|Statue of Lord Combermere]] outside [[Chester Castle]], Cheshire]]
Cotton was not present at the [[Battle of Waterloo]] as the command of the cavalry had been given, at the insistence of the [[George IV of the United Kingdom|Prince Regent]], to [[Henry Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey|Lord Uxbridge]], a more senior general.<ref name=heath96>Heathcote, p. 96</ref> When Uxbridge was wounded Cotton took over his command and served with the Army of Occupation following the cessation of hostilities.<ref name=heath96/>

Cotton became [[List of governors of Barbados|Governor of Barbados]] and commander of the West Indian forces in March 1817.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=17235|page=786|date=29 March 1817}}</ref> In the West Indies, Cotton's [[aide-de-camp]] was [[Thomas Moody (1779–1849)|Thomas Moody, Kt.]].<ref name="Royal Military Calendar">{{cite book | title = The Royal Military Calendar or Army Service and Commission Book, Third Edition, Vol. V, 1820 | page=333}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title =Slave Trade. Three Volumes. (Vol.2.) Papers Relating to Slaves in the Colonies; Slaves Manumitted; Slaves Imported, Exported; Manumissions, Marriages; Slave Trade at the Mauritius; Apprenticed Africans; Captured negroes at Tortola, St. Christopher's, and Demerara; etc. Session: 21 November 1826 – 2 July 1827: Vol XXII|page = Slave Trade: Papers Relating To, p. 54 | publisher=House of Commons Parliamentary Papers, 1826–1827}}</ref><ref name="Rupprecht">{{cite journal|last1=Rupprecht|first1=Anita|date=September 2012|title='When he gets among his countrymen, they tell him that he is free': Slave Trade Abolition, Indentured Africans and a Royal Commission|journal=Slavery & Abolition|volume=33 |issue=3 |pages= 435–455|doi=10.1080/0144039X.2012.668300|s2cid=144301729}}</ref>

Cotton is mentioned in unverified stories of the [[Chase Vault]] as being a witness to its allegedly "moving coffins" while serving as Governor of Barbados.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.combermereabbey.co.uk/the-abbey/ghosts-and-paranormal|title=Lord Combermere's Ghost|publisher=Combermere Abbey|access-date=8 February 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222142619/http://www.combermereabbey.co.uk/the-abbey/ghosts-and-paranormal|archive-date=22 February 2014}}</ref> Between 1814 and 1820, Cotton undertook an extensive remodelling of his home, [[Combermere Abbey]], including Gothic ornamentation of the Abbot's House and the construction of Wellington's Wing (now demolished) to mark Wellington's visit to the house in 1820.<ref>Callander Beckett S (2004) 'A Brief History of Combermere Abbey' (pamphlet)</ref> He was appointed the last [[Governor of Sheerness]] in January 1821<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=17676|page=289|date=3 February 1821}}</ref> and became [[Commander-in-Chief, Ireland]] in 1822.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=18130|page=700|date=23 April 1825}}</ref>

===1825–30===
{{see also|Siege of Bharatpur (1825–1826)}}
Having been promoted to full [[general]] on 27 May 1825 Cotton became [[Commander-in-Chief, India]].<ref name=heath96/> In that role on 18{{nbsp}}January 1826, after a [[Siege of Bharatpur (1825–1826)|three-week siege]], he stormed the capital of the [[Princely state]] of [[Bharatpur State|Bharatpur]] (also known as Bhurtpore) with its fort, which had previously been deemed impregnable, and restored the rightful ''[[raja]]'' to the throne.<ref name=DT>{{Cite news|title=Viscount Combermere|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1374349/Viscount-Combermere.html|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=16 November 2000|access-date=1 December 2015}}</ref> For his success in India he was raised in the peerage as '''Viscount Combermere''' on 8{{nbsp}}February 1827.{{sfn|Burke|1869|page=254}} On his return to England, he brought with him the 17.75-ton Bhurtpore gun,<ref name=DT /> which for many years stood outside the [[Royal Artillery Barracks]] at Woolwich.{{sfn|Murray|1878|page=486}} He retired from active service in 1830.<ref name=heath96/>

===Post 1850===
[[File:Memorial to Stapleton Cotton, 1st Viscount Combermere.jpg|thumb|Memorial in St Margaret's Church, Wrenbury]]
He succeeded Wellington as [[Constable of the Tower]] and [[Lord Lieutenant of the Tower Hamlets]] in October 1852<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=21366|page=2663|date=12 October 1852}}</ref> and was promoted to [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|field marshal]] on 2 October 1855.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=21792|page=3652|date=2 October 1855}}</ref> He was appointed a [[Order of the Star of India|Knight of the Order of the Star of India]] on 19 August 1861.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22542|page=3501|date=27 August 1861}}</ref>

Cotton also served as honorary colonel of the [[20th Hussars|20th Regiment of (Light) Dragoons]], and of the [[3rd The King's Own Hussars|3rd (The King's Own) Regiment of (Light) Dragoons]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=17676|page=288|date=3 February 1821}}</ref> and then as honorary colonel of the [[1st Regiment of Life Guards]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=18614|page=1765|date=25 September 1829}}</ref> He died at Colchester House in [[Clifton, Bristol|Clifton]] on 21 February 1865 aged 91 and was buried at [[St Margaret's Church, Wrenbury]].<ref name=odnb/> An [[Equestrian Statue of Viscount Combermere|equestrian statue in bronze]], the work of [[Carlo Marochetti|Carlo, Baron Marochetti]], was raised in his honour at [[Chester]] by the inhabitants of Cheshire in October 1865.<ref>{{NHLE |num= 1376255|desc= Equestrian statue of Stapleton Cotton Viscount Combermere|access-date= 8 February 2014}}</ref> An [[obelisk]] was also erected in his memory on the edge of [[Combermere Abbey|Combermere Park]] in 1890.<ref name=gene>{{cite web|url=http://www.thornber.net/cheshire/htmlfiles/combermere.html|title= The Cottons of Combermere Abbey|access-date=8 February 2014}}</ref> Combermere was succeeded by his only son, [[Wellington Stapleton-Cotton, 2nd Viscount Combermere|Wellington Henry Stapleton-Cotton]].<ref name=heath96/>

==Slave ownership==

According to the [[Centre for the Study of the Legacies of British Slavery]], Combermere was paid compensation as a slave owner by the British government in the aftermath of the [[Slavery Abolition Act 1833]]. Combermere was associated with two claims in 1835 and 1836, which together were awarded £7,195 in payment (worth £{{format price|{{inflation|UK|7,195|1833}}}} in {{Inflation/year|UK}}){{Inflation-fn|UK|df=y}} for a total of 420 enslaved people on his estates on [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Stapleton Cotton, 1st Viscount Combermere|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/person/view/25180|publisher=[[University College London]]}} Retrieved on 20 March 2019.</ref><ref name="st-kitts">{{cite web |title=Details of Claim {{!}} St Kitts 329 (Stapletons) |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/claim/view/25500 |website=www.ucl.ac.uk |publisher=Legacies of British Slavery |access-date=6 March 2024}}</ref><ref name="nevis">{{cite web |title=Details of Claim {{!}} Nevis 102 (Stapleton's Estates of Maddens/Russels Rest) |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/claim/view/25097 |website=www.ucl.ac.uk |publisher=Legacies of British Slavery |access-date=6 March 2024}}</ref>

==Family==
[[File:Combermere.jpg|right|thumb|A memorial obelisk in [[Combermere Abbey|Combermere Park]], near [[Whitchurch, Shropshire]].]]
Combermere was married three times:

*On 1 January 1801, Lady Anna Maria Clinton (d. 31 May 1807), daughter of [[Thomas Pelham-Clinton, 3rd Duke of Newcastle]]. They had three children:<ref name=gene/>
:* Robert Henry Stapleton Cotton (18 January 1802 – 1821)
:* a son who died young
:* another son who died young.
*On 22 June 1814,<ref>{{cite book|title=Marriage Register of St Mary Lambeth}}</ref> Caroline Greville (d. 25 January 1837), daughter of Captain William Fulke Greville. They had three children:<ref name=gene/>
:* [[Wellington Henry Stapleton-Cotton, 2nd Viscount Combermere]] (1818–1891)
:* Hon. Caroline Stapleton-Cotton (b. 1815), who in 1837 married [[Arthur Hill, 4th Marquess of Downshire]]
:* Hon. Meliora Emily Anna Maria Cotton, who on 18 June 1853 married John Charles Frederick Hunter
*In 1838, Mary Woolley (née Gibbings), by whom he had no issue.<ref name=odnb/>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book|first=Michael|last=Barthorp|author-link=Michael Barthorp|title=Wellington's Generals|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1W4k4GYVUi0C|year=1990|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=978-0-85045-299-0}}
*{{cite book|title=A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire|last1=Burke|first1=Bernard|author1-link=Bernard Burke|url=https://archive.org/details/genealogicalhera00inburk|year=1869|publisher=Harrison|location=London}}
*{{cite book|last=Heathcote|first=Tony|title=The British Field Marshals, 1736–1997: A Biographical Dictionary |publisher= Leo Cooper|location=Barnsley|year= 1999|isbn= 0-85052-696-5}}
*{{cite book|first=John|last=Murray|title=Handbook for England and Wales: Alphabetically Arranged for the Use of Travellers ...|url=https://archive.org/details/handbookforengl00firgoog|year=1878|publisher=J. Murray}}
*{{cite book|first=Alexander Innes |last=Shand|author-link=Alexander Innes Shand|title=Wellington's Lieutenants|url=https://archive.org/details/wellingtonslieu00shangoog|year=1902|publisher=Smith, Elder & Company}}
*{{cite book|first1=Mary Woolley|last1=Stapleton Cotton|first2=Stapleton|last2=Stapleton Cotton|first3=William Wallingford|last3=Knollys|title=Memoirs and Correspondence of Field-marshal Viscount Combermere, from his family papers, by Mary Viscountess Combermere and W.W. Knollys|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KTwBAAAAQAAJ|year=1866}}

;Attribution
{{DNB|wstitle=Cotton, Stapleton|first=Henry Manners|last=Chichester|authorlink=Henry Manners Chichester|volume=12|year=1887}}

== External links ==
* {{Hansard-contribs | mr-stapleton-cotton | the Viscount Combermere }}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Combermere, Stapleton Cotton, 1st Viscount | volume= 6 | page = 751 |short= 1}}
* {{UK National Archives ID}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|uk}}
{{s-bef| before = [[Charles Morice Pole|Sir Charles Morice Pole, Bt]] [[Henry Willoughby (MP)|Henry Willoughby]] }}
{{s-ttl| title = Member of Parliament for [[Newark (UK Parliament constituency)|Newark]]
| with = [[Henry Willoughby (MP)|Henry Willoughby]]
| years = [[1806 United Kingdom general election|1806]]–1814 }}
{{s-aft| after = [[Henry Willoughby (MP)|Henry Willoughby]] [[George Hay Dawkins-Pennant]] }}

{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef | before=[[Lord William Bentinck]]}}
{{s-ttl | title=Colonel of the [[20th Hussars|20th Regiment of (Light) Dragoons]] | years=1813–1818}}
{{s-non | reason=Regiment disbanded}}
{{succession box | before=[[William Cartwright (British Army officer, died 1827)|William Cartwright]] | title=Colonel of the [[3rd The King's Own Hussars|3rd (The King's Own) Regiment of (Light) Dragoons]] | years=1821–1829 | after=[[Lord George Beresford]]}}
{{s-bef| before=[[Francis Edward Gwyn]]}}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Governor of Sheerness]] | years=1821–1852}}
{{s-non | reason=Office abolished}}
{{succession box | title=[[Commander-in-Chief, Ireland]] | before=[[Samuel Auchmuty (British Army officer)|Sir Samuel Auchmuty]] | after=[[George Murray (British Army officer)|Sir George Murray]] | years=1822–1825}}
{{succession box | title=[[Commander-in-Chief, India]] | before=[[Edward Paget]] | after=[[George Ramsay, 9th Earl of Dalhousie|George Ramsay]] | years=1825–1830}}
{{succession box | before=[[Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl of Harrington|The Earl of Harrington]] | title=Colonel of the [[1st Regiment of Life Guards]] | years=1829–1865 | after=[[George Bingham, 3rd Earl of Lucan|The Earl of Lucan]]}}

{{s-gov}}
{{succession box
| before=John Foster Alleyne, ''acting''
| title=[[Governor of Barbados]] | years=1817–1820
| after=John Brathwaite Skeete, ''acting''
}}

{{s-hon}}
{{succession box | before=[[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|The Duke of Wellington]] | title=[[Constable of the Tower]] [[Lord Lieutenant of the Tower Hamlets]] |years=1852–1865 | after=[[John Fox Burgoyne|Sir John Fox Burgoyne]]}}

{{s-reg|uk}}
{{s-new| rows = 2 | creation}}
{{s-ttl| title = [[Viscount Combermere]]
| years = 1827–1865 }}
{{s-aft| rows = 2 | after = [[Wellington Henry Stapleton-Cotton, 2nd Viscount Combermere|Wellington Stapleton-Cotton]] }}
{{s-ttl| title = [[Baron Combermere]]
| years = 1814–1865 }}

{{s-reg|en-bt}}
{{succession box | before=[[Sir Robert Salusbury Cotton, 5th Baronet|Robert Salusbury Cotton]] | title=[[Viscount Combermere|Baronet]] '''(of Combermere)''' | years= 1809–1865 | after = [[Wellington Stapleton-Cotton, 2nd Viscount Combermere|Wellington Stapleton-Cotton]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Commander-in-Chief, India}}
{{Governors of Barbados|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Combermere, Stapleton Stapleton-Cotton, 1st Viscount}}
[[Category:1773 births]]
[[Category:1865 deaths]]
[[Category:1st Regiment of Life Guards officers]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Knights Companion of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Lord-lieutenants of the Tower Hamlets]]
[[Category:Constables of the Tower of London]]
[[Category:Members of the Privy Council of Ireland]]
[[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:British field marshals]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars]]
[[Category:British Army commanders of the Napoleonic Wars]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Peninsular War]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War]]
[[Category:British Commanders-in-Chief of India]]
[[Category:Commanders-in-Chief, Ireland]]
[[Category:People educated at Westminster School, London]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies|Cotton, Stapleton]]
[[Category:Viscounts Combermere|1]]
[[Category:Governors of Barbados]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1806–1807|Cotton, Stapleton]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1807–1812|Cotton, Stapleton]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1812–1818|Cotton, Stapleton]]
[[Category:UK MPs who were granted peerages]]
[[Category:Royal Welch Fusiliers officers]]
[[Category:Carabiniers (6th Dragoon Guards) officers]]
[[Category:16th The Queen's Lancers officers]]
[[Category:3rd The King's Own Hussars officers]]
[[Category:Peers of the United Kingdom created by George III]]
[[Category:Peers of the United Kingdom created by George IV]]
[[Category:Recipients of payments from the Slavery Abolition Act 1833]]
[[Category:British slave owners]]

2012 in Kerala

2025-12-09T07:14:43Z

Dwps: Created Stub

{{Year in Kerala}}

Events in the year '''2012''' in '''Kerala'''.

== Incumbents ==
[[List of governors of Kerala|Governors of Kerala]] - [[M. O. H. Farook]] (till Jan 26), [[H. R. Bhardwaj]] (from Jan 26 as additional charge)

[[List of chief ministers of Kerala|Chief Minister of Kerala]] - [[Oommen Chandy]]

== Events ==

=== January - May ===
* February 15 - [[Enrica Lexie case]] - Italian mariners kills two Indian fishermen.
* February 20 - [[Death of Ariyil Shukoor]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.madhyamam.com/kerala/ariyil-shukoor-murder-case-timeline-kerala-news/592065 |script-title=ml:ഷുക്കൂർ വധക്കേസ്: നാള്‍വഴികൾ |trans-title=Ariyil Shukoor murder case: Timeline |language=ml |website=madhyamam.com |access-date=2023-12-28}}</ref>
* March 9 - [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] from [[Neyyattinkara Assembly constituency]] [[R. Selvaraj (politician)|R. Selvaraj]] of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] submits resignation in a bid to leave the party.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-12 |title=Kerala shocker: CPM MLA R Selvaraj resigns - IBN South - IBN Kerala - ibnlive |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/kerala-shocker-cpm-mla-resigns/237616-62-126.html |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312063842/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/kerala-shocker-cpm-mla-resigns/237616-62-126.html |archive-date=2012-03-12 }}</ref>
* March 10 - [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] met with a serious accident in [[Nh-17|NH-17]] near [[Tenhipalam]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Road medians: convenience or threat? |url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/specials/2021/07/22/a-big-chunk-of-accidents-on-indian-roads-are-median-crashes.html |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref>
* March 21 - [[Anoop Jacob]] of [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front]] retains the seat in [[Piravom Assembly constituency]] by-elections which took place following his father [[T. M. Jacob]]'s death.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-03-21 |title=UDF candidate wins Piravom bypoll in Kerala |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/udf-candidate-wins-piravom-bypoll-in-kerala/article3019648.ece |access-date=2023-04-26 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* May 4 - [[T. P. Chandrasekharan]] a former member of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI (M)]] brutally hacked to death by assailants linked with [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI (M)]] by inflicting 51 fatal wounds.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Staff Reporter |date=2013-06-04 |title=Chandrasekharan had 51 wounds on him, says witness |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala//article60439453.ece |access-date=2022-05-04 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* May 17 - [[Chamravattom Regulator-cum-Bridge]] across [[Bharathappuzha]] opened for traffic.
* May 26 - [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] leader [[M. M. Mani]] made a controversial speech in [[Thodupuzha]] where he proclaimed his party has a history of eliminating dissenters.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-05-27 |title=We have 'killed' political enemies, Kerala CPM leader admits |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/We-have-killed-political-enemies-Kerala-CPM-leader-admits/articleshow/13566664.cms |access-date=2023-10-06 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

=== June - December ===
* June 15 - [[R. Selvaraj (politician)|R. Selvaraj]] who resigned from [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] and defected to [[Indian National Congress]] wins back the [[Neyyattinkara Assembly constituency]] in the by-elections held.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-06-15 |title=Kerala assembly bypoll: Congress wins Neyyattinkara seat |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/kerala-assembly-bypoll-congress-wins-neyyattinkara-seat/articleshow/14145475.cms |access-date=2023-04-26 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* July 10 - First case of [[Food poisoning|Food poison death]] due to [[Shawarma]] in Kerala claims life of a youth from [[Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=vipinvk |title=സച്ചിൻ റോയ് മാത്യു 2012 ല്‍ ഷവര്‍മ്മ വിഷബാധയുടെ കേരളത്തിലെ ആദ്യത്തെ ഇര |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/crime-news/sachin-mathew-s-death-keralas-first-shawarma-food-poisoning-death-rb7wqf |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=ml}}</ref>
* August 3 - [[Thiruvananthapuram Corporation]] stopped dumping of [[Municipal solid waste]] in Vilappilsala following months long protest by ''Vilappilsala Janakeeya Samithi''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-08-03 |title=Administration buckles under protest against Vilappilsala waste plant |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/administration-buckles-under-protest-against-vilappilsala-waste-plant/article3723618.ece |access-date=2023-09-11 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* August 27 - [[Chala LPG tanker disaster]]
* September 12 - Three day long global investment meet ''Emerging Kerala 2012'' held at Kochi.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sanandakumar|first=S.|title='Emerging Kerala 2012' to be held from September, 12 to 14, 2012|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/finance/emerging-kerala-2012-to-be-held-from-september-12-to-14-2012/articleshow/12200457.cms|access-date=2022-01-23}}</ref>
* November 1 - [[Thunchath Ezhuthachan Malayalam University]] established at [[Tirur]].
* December 12 - First edition of [[Kochi-Muziris Biennale]] commenced.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Anandan|first=S.|date=2012-12-13|title=Kochi becomes Biennale city|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/kochi-becomes-biennale-city/article4194320.ece|access-date=2022-01-23|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Deaths ==

* January 24 - [[Sukumar Azhikode]], 85, writer and social critic.
* September 24 - [[Thilakan]], 77, actor.
* November 22 - [[P. Govinda Pillai]], 86, politician.

== See also ==

* [[History of Kerala]]
* [[2012 in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Commons category-inline}}

[[Category:2010s in Kerala]]

Irang River

2025-12-05T02:11:53Z

Dwps: new a place

{{Short description|River in northeastern India}}
{{Infobox river
| state = [[Manipur]]
| country = India
| mapframe = yes
| mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|24|37|9.99|N|93|24|12.94|E|type:river|display=title}}
| pushpin_map = India
}}

'''Irang River''' is a river in [[Manipur]] in [[Northeast India|northeastern India]] flows into the [[Barak River]] and is found in the northeastern state of Manipur, India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-01 |title=Manipur achieves major infrastructure milestone with completion of Irang RCC bridge |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/manipur/story/manipur-achieves-major-infrastructure-milestone-with-completion-of-irang-rcc-bridge-1164570-2025-02-01 |access-date=2025-04-11 |website=India Today NE |language=hi}}</ref> It flows through hilly terrain and dense forest, supporting both biodiversity and local livelihoods.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-12 |title=Manipur’s second supply line cut off after rains wash away bridge foundation |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/manipurs-second-supply-line-cut-off-after-rains-wash-away-bridge-foundation-101652373280124.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512165739/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/manipurs-second-supply-line-cut-off-after-rains-wash-away-bridge-foundation-101652373280124.html |archive-date=2022-05-12 |access-date=2025-04-11 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
[[Category:North India]]
[[Category:Rivers of India]]
<references />{{India-river-stub}}

Goppili

2025-11-23T18:19:20Z

Dwps: Started first info more to come

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}


{{Infobox settlement
| name = Goppili
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|18.81|N|84.34|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Srikakulam district|Srikakulam]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 42
| population_total = 2546
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 532221
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 08945
| registration_plate = AP-30
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}
'''Goppili''' is a village and panchayat in [[Meliaputti]] mandal, [[Srikakulam district]] in the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]] in [[India]]. It is located on the border between [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Orissa, India|Orissa]]. The population of this village is 2546, of which 1223 are male and 1323 are female, living in 625 households (2011 census). Residents typically speak [[Oriya language|Oriya]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Goppili Village Population - Meliaputti - Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/580187-goppili-andhra-pradesh.html |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>

==Geography==
The village is located at 18°49'North, 84°21'East. The village is precisely a foot from the [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] border and is surrounded by lush green hillocks. There are five ponds scattered across the village, whose water is used for daily needs.

==Facilities==
The facilities available in the village are:

*Two Anganwadi centres
*One Canara bank (Erstwhile Syndicate Bank)
*Two schools: ZPHS (Zilla Parishad High School) and Elementary School (Primary School)

*One veterinary hospital
*Three medical stores, one of them owned by Mr. CH.V. Gunasagar
*There are 5 ponds in the village which are used for daily general purposes and needs, while drinking water is obtained from a well.
*One water reservoir named Varahala Gedda
*One drinking water overhead tank
*Panchayat office of Goppili
*One post office
*One primary health centre
*One Rythu Bharosa centre
*One library

==Temples==

*Radhakanta Swamy Temple which lies in {{cvt|26|acre}} of temple land, main temple area is only {{cvt|1|acre}}.
*Two Lord Shiva Temples
*Two Maa Kali Temple
*Five Ammavari Temples
*Two Hanuman temples

==Crops==
Sugarcane, Paddy, Raagi, pulses and groundnuts are grown in Goppili. The village is famous for twenty cashew nut factories in and surrounding the village which directly employ 2000 people, including the people from neighbouring villages.

==Employment==
Almost half of the population of the village is dependent upon agriculture. 50% of the population is employed in agriculture and 35% in business. The rest work for the government or are private employees.

==Sarpanch/Gram Panchayat Head list==

1st: Late Shri Mallareddi Satyanarayana Dora. In Office (31.10.1956-14.6.1970)

2nd: Late Shri Mallareddi Narayana Rao Dora. In Office (15.6.1970-3.6.1991)

3rd: Shri Mallareddi Markandeya Dora. In Office (4.6.1991-9.3.1995)

4th: Shri Mallareddi Balakrishnamma Dora. (s/o Late Shri Mallareddi Narayana Rao Dora). In Office (10.3.1995-20.10.2001)

5th: K Rajarao. In Office (21.10.2001-13.8.2006)

6th: Mallareddy Padmavati Dora. (w/o Late Shri Mallareddi Narayana Rao Dora). In Office (14.8.2006-21.8.2011)

7th: Malathi Jayaram. In Office (22.8.2011-21.8.2016)

8th: Malathi Rushendramani. In Office (21.8.2016-Incumbent)

The 1st to 4th & 6th Sarpanch represent altogether 44 years of office under relatives of the Goppili [[Zamindar]]s.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=2u88AAAAIAAJ Elites of South Asia: Landed gentry in Andhra Pradesh by Hugh Gray :page 119 feudal landlords,Dora|Zamindhar.]

[[Category:Villages in Srikakulam district]]

Anandha Kannan

2025-10-31T16:50:58Z

Dwps: Created A Data!

{{Short description|Singaporean actor (1974–2021)}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Anandha Kannan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Anandha Kannan
| image = Anandha_kannan.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name = Anandha Kannan
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1974|3|23}}
| birth_place = Singapore
| death_date = {{death date and age|2021|8|16|1974|3|23|df=y}}
| death_place = Singapore
| occupation = [[Television presenter]], [[actor]],
| spouse = Rani Kanna
| children = 1
}}

'''Anandha Kannan''' (23 March 1974 – 16 August 2021) was an [[Indian Singaporean]] actor and [[television host]], popularly known for his theatre works and shows broadcast in [[Singapore]] and [[Sun Network]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|title=Popular VJ and actor Ananda Kannan passes away|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/popular-vj-and-actor-ananda-kannan-passes-away/articleshow/85389848.cms|access-date=2021-08-17|website=The Times of India|date=17 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and family ==
Anandha Kannan was born on 23 March 1973 in Singapore to Govindaraju and Vasanthakumari.

Kannan married Rani Kanna<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Page 1|url=https://www.tabla.com.sg/jrsrc/190821full/epage008/TA20210820-TAB-008-00.html|access-date=2022-01-08|website=www.tabla.com.sg}}</ref> and have one daughter.<ref name=":3"/>

== Career ==
Kannan’s career started with Vasantham as an actor and host. During his teenage years, he acted in radio dramas like Siruvar Medai and hosted TV shows like Siruvargal Naangal. He had a keen interest in the theatre scene from a young age and became famous for performing in Ravindran Drama Group’s (RDG) productions and later in local television dramas. In 1988, his role as one of the main characters in RDG’s Kudubathin Araigal earned the appreciation of many theatergoers. He won the Best Actor Award for Indian Cultural Month in 1990. He gave the prize money to RDG to enable it to produce more plays.<ref name=":3" />

Kannan moved to Chennai and joined [[Sun Music]] as a video jockey in the 2000s. It brought him fame and helped him broaden his audience base. He acted in a children’s drama called Sindubad on Sun TV which earned him many young fans. He also acted in Tamil films like the science-fiction [[Adhisaya Ulagam]] ( 2012). On [[Vasantham (TV channel)|Vasantham]], Kannan hosted programmes such as Maalai Mathuram, Amali Thumali, Oorkuruvi and Suvai and the gameshow Savaal Singapore (2013 to 2018) which is a Tamil version of [[We Are Singaporeans]]. In 2011, he won the Best Host award at the station’s awards show Pradhana Vizha. He also received the International Youth Icon award at the World Universities Tamil Conference in 2013. With the support of the National Arts Council, Kannan went to India in 2017 to study Tamil folk theatre from the renowned teacher Na Muthuswamy.<ref name=":3"/>

He started AK Theatre Ltd, a non-profit organisation, in 2013 to keep Indian culture alive among the younger generation. It produces performances that celebrate traditional Tamil forms of theatre such as Koothu, karagam, kummi, parai and villupattu. He also organised cultural and language festivals, stage productions, workshops and competitions free of charge, to benefit many students of folk arts. AK Theatre launched the Anandha Koothu, a diploma course in Indian musical theatre, in affilia-tion with the University of West London in 2019 to encourage youngsters and young adults. It is an internationally accredited art enrichment programme on traditional arts and theatre forms.<ref name=":3"/>

He also acted as lead in Mullum Malarum with his co-host [[Prajin]] and Ithanai Naalai Engirunthai with [[Manochitra]] but both were never released to audiences. He also made guest appearance in [[Venkat Prabhu|Venkat Prabu]] movie [[Saroja (2008 film)|Saroja]]. He was also famous for being brand ambassador of Naturals Spa & Salon.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/chennai/A-beautiful-affair/articleshow/3255754.cms|title=A beautiful affair|work=The Times of India|access-date=29 August 2017}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Film
!Role
!Notes
|-
|2008
|''[[Saroja (2008 film)|Saroja]]''
|
|Guest Appearance
|-
|2010
|Mullum Malarum
|
|Not yet Released
|-
|2012
|''[[Adhisaya Ulagam|Adisaya Ulagam]]''
|
|3D Movie
|-
|2012
|Ithanai Naalai Engirunthai
|
|Not yet Released
|}

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
|-
|2018
|Savaal Singapore - Season 5<ref name=":1" />
|Host (final role)
|[[Vasantham (TV channel)]]
|-
|2017
|Savaal Singapore - Season 4<ref name=":1" />
|Host
|[[Vasantham (TV channel)]]
|-
|2015
|Savaal Singapore - Season 3<ref name=":1" />
|Host
|[[Vasantham (TV channel)]]
|-
|2014
|Savaal Singapore - Season 2<ref name=":1" />
|Host
|[[Vasantham (TV channel)]]
|-
|2013
|Savaal Singapore - Season 1<ref name=":1" />
|Host
|[[Vasantham (TV channel)]]
|-
|2012
|Kadhal Channel<ref name=":1" />
|Vikram Raj - Lead Role
|[[Vasantham (TV channel)]]
|-
|
|Sindubad<ref name=":1" />
|Sindubad - Lead Role
|[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|}

== Awards and recognitions ==

* Awarded as "International Youth Icon" at World Universities Tamil Conference 2013.<ref name=":0" />
* Television Actors Guild Award (South India) for "Best Actor"<ref name=":0" />
*Tamil Sudar Award, AK Theatre Limited, Awarded by Mediacorp 2019

Awards & Recognition at [[Pradhana Vizha]] as follows,
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Award
!Nominated work
!Result
|-
|2011
|Best Host (Info-Ed)
|Savaal Singapore
|{{won}}
<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Popular Tamil actor and VJ Anandha Kannan passes away|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2021/08/17/tamil-actor-vj-anandha-kannan-passes-away.html|access-date=2021-08-17|website=The Week|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2014
|Best Host - Variety
|Savaal Singapore
|{{nom}}
|-
|2016
|Best Host (Info-Ed)
|Savaal Singapore
|{{nom}}
|-
|2018
|Best Host (Info-Ed)
|Savaal Singapore
|{{nom}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.connectedtoindia.com/pradhana-vizha-2018-to-be-telecast-live-on-vasantham-on-december-19-4831.html|title=Pradhana Vizha 2018 to be telecast live on Vasantham on December 19|website=www.connectedtoindia.com|access-date=16 December 2018}}</ref>
|}

== Death ==
Anandha Kannan died at the Singapore General Hospital on 16 August 2021 at the age of 48 due to [[Bile duct cancer|bile-duct cancer]] & [[bladder cancer]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=17 August 2021|title=Popular actor and VJ Anandha Kannan passes away, condolences pour in|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/popular-actor-and-vj-anandha-kannan-passes-away-condolences-pour-153998|access-date=17 August 2021|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Popular Tamil television anchor-actor Ananda Kannan passes away|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2021/aug/17/popular-tamil-television-anchor-actor-anandha-kannan-passes-away-2345821.html|access-date=17 August 2021|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kannan, Anandha}}
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Singaporean male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Singaporean male television actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]

Kattan dynasty

2025-10-10T06:37:53Z

Dwps: new info!

{{Short description|Ancient dynasty}}
{{Orphan|date=June 2025}}

The '''Kattan dynasty (or Khattan)''' was an old royal [[Tiyyar|Thiyya]] dynasty that ruled over [[Wayanad|Puralimala]] in what is now [[Kannur]] and [[Wayanad]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Be3PCvzf-BYC&dq=kuttan+tiyya&pg=PA349|title=A Social History of India|isbn=9788176481700|page=349|last1=Sadasivan|first1=S. N.|year=2000|publisher=APH }}</ref><ref name="ghj"/> The Kattan dynasty is headquartered in the valley of Puralimala. It is also known as the Malayodan Dynasty. The name is derived from the word ([[Malayalam]] ''Ghattan''), which means mountain king, and Malaydayon from the name Malãyudayon.Their favourite drink was Kattan Tea with no sugar and milk and hence the name kattan was derived as per local belief.<ref name="ghj">M.V Vishnu Nambutiri, (2001){{Dubious|date=August 2024}} ''Life and Culture of Thiyyas in the extreme North of Kerala'', sree sankaracharya university, page-68,69</ref> [[Perumal]] was the family deity of the Kattan dynasty and they also had Naga worship. Perumal is [[Shiva]].<ref name="ghj"/> These families live here as two branches and although they belong to the same family, Pula and Valaima do not observe each other. They do not observe ''Pula'' and ''Velaima'' so as not to disturb the worship of Perumal.<ref name="ghj"/> One branch has the status of being the oldest in the family and the second being the youngest.<ref name="ghj"/> They were given the title after the reign of rice, and were in the audience of [[Thandan|Tarailachans]] and locals. The ceremony is being held under the auspices of the ''Mathilur Gurukkal'' and hence is believed to be the continuation of the cheras.<ref name="ghj"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Wayanad district]]

Shamlaji Road railway station

2025-10-05T12:39:06Z

Dwps: new a details!

{{Short description|Railway station in Gujarat, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Shamlaji Road railway station
| system = [[Indian Railways]]
| style = Indian Railways
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| address = State Highway 5, Lalpur, [[Shamlaji]], [[Aravalli district]], [[Gujarat]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|23.621619|73.335655|display=inline}}
| line = [[Ahmedabad–Udaipur line]]
| other =
| elevation = {{convert|190|m|ft}}
| structure = Standard (on-ground station)
| platform = 3
| depth =
| levels =
| tracks = 1
| parking = Yes
| bicycle =
| opened = 1879
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| accessible =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = SJS
| zone = [[North Western Railway zone|North Western Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Ajmer}}
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = North Western Railway
| status = Functioning
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Indian Railways|line=North Western Railway zone|left=Raigadh Road|right=Lusadiya|type=[[Ahmedabad–Udaipur Line]]}}
| map_locator =
}}

'''Shamlaji Road railway station''' is a railway station on [[Ahmedabad–Udaipur Line]] under the [[Ajmer railway division]] of [[North Western Railway zone]]. This is situated beside State Highway 5 at Lalpur, [[Shamlaji]] in [[Aravalli district]] of the Indian state of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mehrotra|first=Yash|title=Shamlaji Road Railway Station Map/Atlas NWR/North Western Zone - Railway Enquiry|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/shamlaji-road-sjs/6005|access-date=2021-08-09|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Shamlaji Road Railway Station (SJS) : Station Code, Time Table, Map, Enquiry|url=https://www.ndtv.com/indian-railway/shamlaji-road-sjs-station|access-date=2021-08-09|website=www.ndtv.com|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1879]]
[[Category:Ajmer railway division]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Aravalli district]]

2021–22 Vijay Hazare Trophy Group A

2025-09-03T19:03:45Z

Dwps: Created New Article!

{{short description|Cricket tournament}}
{{use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 2021–22 Vijay Hazare Trophy Group A
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| fromdate = 8
| todate = 27 December 2021
| administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]
| cricket format = [[List A cricket]]
| tournament format = [[Round-robin tournament|Round-robin]]
| host =
| champions =
| count =
| runner up =
| participants = 6
| matches =
| attendance =
| player of the series =
| most runs =
| most wickets =
| website =
| previous_year = 2020–21
| previous_tournament = 2020–21 Vijay Hazare Trophy
| next_year =
| next_tournament =
}}
{{2021–22 Indian domestic cricket season}}
The '''2021–22 Vijay Hazare Trophy''' was the twentieth season of the [[Vijay Hazare Trophy]], a [[List A cricket]] tournament that was played in India. It was contested by 38 teams, divided into six groups, with six teams in Group A.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ranji-trophy-returns-after-gap-year-due-to-covid-19-as-bcci-announces-2021-22-domestic-calendar-1268528|title=Ranji Trophy returns as BCCI announces full 2021-22 domestic season|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=3 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bcci-postpones-ranji-trophy-to-january-5-in-revised-domestic-calendar-1274144 |title=BCCI postpones Ranji Trophy start date to January 5 in revised domestic calendar |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref> The tournament was announced by the BCCI on 3 July 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2021/news/154550/bcci-announces-india-s-domestic-season-for-2021-22|title=BCCI announces India’s domestic season for 2021-22|work=Board of Control for Cricket in India|access-date=3 July 2021}}</ref> [[Himachal Pradesh cricket team|Himachal Pradesh]] won Group A to progress to the [[2021–22 Vijay Hazare Trophy#Quarter-finals|quarter-finals]], with [[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]] finishing in second place to advance to the [[2021–22 Vijay Hazare Trophy#Preliminary quarter-finals|preliminary quarter-finals]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/vijay-hazare-trophy-2021-22-punjab-crash-out-after-tie-puducherry-stun-mumbai-1293381 |title=Punjab crash out after tie; Puducherry stun Mumbai |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=14 December 2021}}</ref>

==Points table==
{{2021–22 Vijay Hazare Trophy Group A}}

==Fixtures==
Source:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2021-22-1280193/match-schedule-fixtures |title=2021/22 Vijay Hazare Trophy Fixtures |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=22 November 2021}}</ref>

===Round 1===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 8 December 2021
| team1 = [[Odisha cricket team|Odisha]]
| team2 = [[Andhra Pradesh cricket team|Andhra Pradesh]]
| score1 = 278/5 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Subhranshu Senapati]] 116 (120)
| wickets1 = [[Harishankar Reddy]] 2/63 (10 overs)
| score2 = 216 (46.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ricky Bhui]] 74 (102)
| wickets2 = [[Jayanta Behera]] 4/24 (10 overs)
| result = Odisha won by 63 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1280303.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Bandra Kurla Complex#Sports|Bandra Kurla Complex]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Nikhil Patwardhan]] and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]]
| motm =
| toss = Andhra Pradesh won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Sunil Roul]] (Odisha) made his List A debut.
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 8 December 2021
| team1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir cricket team|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| team2 = [[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]
| score1 = 171 (42.1 overs)
| runs1 = [[Parvez Rasool]] 76 (77)
| wickets1 = [[Chintan Gaja]] 4/30 (9 overs)
| score2 = 172/5 (36.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Bhargav Merai]] 57[[not out|*]] (83)
| wickets2 = [[Umar Nazir Mir]] 2/33 (8 overs)
| result = Gujarat won by 5 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1280304.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Anil Dandekar]] and [[Vineet Kulkarni]]
| motm =
| toss = Gujarat won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 8 December 2021
| team1 = [[Himachal Pradesh cricket team|Himachal Pradesh]]
| team2 = [[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]]
| score1 = 213 (46 overs)
| runs1 = [[Rishi Dhawan]] 61 (50)
| wickets1 = [[Yash Thakur]] 5/53 (9 overs)
| score2 = 216/3 (39.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Yash Rathod]] 76[[not out|*]] (78)
| wickets2 = [[Gurvinder Singh (cricketer)|Gurvinder Singh]] 2/39 (9 overs)
| result = Vidarbha won by 7 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1280305.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Dadoji Kondadev Stadium]], [[Thane]]
| umpires = [[Pashchim Pathak]] and Akshay Totre
| motm =
| toss = Vidarbha won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = Amit Thakur and Shubham Arora (Himachal Pradesh) both made their List A debuts.
* [[Yash Thakur]] (Vidarbha) took his first [[five-wicket haul]] in List A cricket.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/vijay-hazare-trophy-thakurs-five-for-sets-up-seven-wicket-win-for-vidarbha/articleshow/88168431.cms |title=Vijay Hazare Trophy: Thakur's five-for sets up seven-wicket win for Vidarbha |work=The Times of India |access-date=8 December 2021}}</ref>
}}

===Round 2===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 9 December 2021
| team1 = [[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]
| team2 = [[Odisha cricket team|Odisha]]
| score1 = 224/9 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Kathan Patel]] 130[[not out|*]] (166)
| wickets1 = [[Rajesh Mohanty]] 2/32 (10 overs)
| score2 = 225/7 (49.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Abhishek Raut]] 60[[not out|*]] (50)
| wickets2 = [[Siddharth Desai]] 3/30 (10 overs)
| result = Odisha won by 3 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1280322.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Bandra Kurla Complex#Sports|Bandra Kurla Complex]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Rohan Pandit]] and Vinod Seshan
| motm =
| toss = Odisha won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 9 December 2021
| team1 = [[Andhra Pradesh cricket team|Andhra Pradesh]]
| team2 = [[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]]
| score1 = 287/8 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[CR Gnaneshwar]] 93 (126)
| wickets1 = [[Aditya Sarwate]] 3/45 (10 overs)
| score2 = 288/2 (41.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Atharva Taide]] 164[[not out|*]] (123)
| wickets2 = [[Harishankar Reddy]] 1/23 (5 overs)
| result = Vidarbha won by 8 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1280323.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Nikhil Patwardhan]] and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]]
| motm =
| toss = Vidarbha won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 9 December 2021
| team1 = [[Himachal Pradesh cricket team|Himachal Pradesh]]
| team2 = [[Jammu and Kashmir cricket team|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| score1 = 250/8 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Akash Vasisht]] 51[[not out|*]] (28)
| wickets1 = [[Parvez Rasool]] 3/37 (10 overs)
| score2 = 187 (42.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ian Dev Singh]] 36 (55)
| wickets2 = [[Rishi Dhawan]] 3/44 (7.3 overs)
| result = Himachal Pradesh won by 63 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1280324.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Dadoji Kondadev Stadium]], [[Thane]]
| umpires = [[Anil Dandekar]] and [[Vineet Kulkarni]]
| motm =
| toss = Jammu and Kashmir won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

===Round 3===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 11 December 2021
| team1 = [[Himachal Pradesh cricket team|Himachal Pradesh]]
| team2 = [[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]
| score1 = 310/9 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Prashant Chopra]] 73 (83)
| wickets1 = [[Chintan Gaja]] 4/71 (10 overs)
| score2 = 213 (42.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Piyush Chawla]] 65 (61)
| wickets2 = [[Sumeet Verma]] 3/23 (6 overs)
| result = Himachal Pradesh won by 97 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1280341.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Bandra Kurla Complex#Sports|Bandra Kurla Complex]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Pashchim Pathak]] and Akshay Totre
| motm =
| toss = Gujarat won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = Saurav Chauhan (Gujarat) made his List A debut.
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 11 December 2021
| team1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir cricket team|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| team2 = [[Andhra Pradesh cricket team|Andhra Pradesh]]
| score1 = 208 (48.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Ram Dayal (cricketer)|Ram Dayal]] 116[[not out|*]] (100)
| wickets1 = [[Girinath Reddy]] 4/29 (10 overs)
| score2 = 209/8 (49 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ricky Bhui]] 56 (77)
| wickets2 = [[Auqib Nabi]] 3/25 (10 overs)
| result = Andhra Pradesh won by 2 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1280342.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Rohan Pandit]] and Vinod Seshan
| motm =
| toss = Jammu and Kashmir won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = Tripurana Vijay (Andhra Pradesh) made his List A debut.
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 11 December 2021
| team1 = [[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]]
| team2 = [[Odisha cricket team|Odisha]]
| score1 = 148 (42.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Akshay Wadkar]] 41 (63)
| wickets1 = [[Abhishek Raut]] 5/36 (8 overs)
| score2 = 152/4 (42 overs)
| runs2 = [[Subhranshu Senapati]] 71[[not out|*]] (113)
| wickets2 = [[Atharva Taide]] 2/8 (2 overs)
| result = Odisha won by 6 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1280343.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Dadoji Kondadev Stadium]], [[Thane]]
| umpires = [[Nikhil Patwardhan]] and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]]
| motm =
| toss = Odisha won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Ashish Rai (cricketer)|Ashish Rai]] (Odisha) made his List A debut.
}}

===Round 4===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 12 December 2021
| team1 = [[Andhra Pradesh cricket team|Andhra Pradesh]]
| team2 = [[Himachal Pradesh cricket team|Himachal Pradesh]]
| score1 = 322/4 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[K. S. Bharat]] 161[[not out|*]] (109)
| wickets1 = [[Mayank Dagar]] 2/57 (10 overs)
| score2 = 292 (50 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rishi Dhawan]] 79 (61)
| wickets2 = [[Girinath Reddy]] 4/52 (8 overs)
| result = Andhra won by 30 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1280360.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Bandra Kurla Complex#Sports|Bandra Kurla Complex]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Anil Dandekar]] and [[Vineet Kulkarni]]
| motm =
| toss = Himachal Pradesh won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = Kavuri Saiteja (Andhra Pradesh) made his List A debut.
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 12 December 2021
| team1 = [[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]
| team2 = [[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]]
| score1 = 363/6 (50 overs)
| runs1 = Saurav Chauhan 141 (121)
| wickets1 = [[Yash Thakur]] 2/74 (10 overs)
| score2 = 317 (48.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ganesh Satish]] 110 (78)
| wickets2 = [[Chintan Gaja]] 3/49 (10 overs)
| result = Gujarat won by 46 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1280361.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Pashchim Pathak]] and Akshay Totre
| motm =
| toss = Vidarbha won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = Umang Kumar (Gujarat) made his List A debut.
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 12 December 2021
| team1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir cricket team|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| team2 = [[Odisha cricket team|Odisha]]
| score1 = 278/9 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Henan Nazir]] 79 (94)
| wickets1 = [[Biplab Samantray]] 2/15 (3 overs)
| score2 = 183 (45 overs)
| runs2 = [[Abhishek Raut]] 40 (40)
| wickets2 = [[Abid Mushtaq]] 5/38 (10 overs)
| result = Jammu and Kashmir won by 95 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1280362.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Dadoji Kondadev Stadium]], [[Thane]]
| umpires = [[Rohan Pandit]] and Vinod Seshan
| motm =
| toss = Odisha won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

===Round 5===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 14 December 2021
| team1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir cricket team|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| team2 = [[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]]
| score1 = 233 (49.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Fazil Rashid]] 73 (59)
| wickets1 = [[Aditya Sarwate]] 3/36 (10 overs)
| score2 = 236/5 (43 overs)
| runs2 = [[Faiz Fazal]] 102[[not out|*]] (110)
| wickets2 = [[Ram Dayal]] 2/40 (8 overs)
| result = Vidarbha won by 5 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1280379.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Bandra Kurla Complex#Sports|Bandra Kurla Complex]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Nikhil Patwardhan]] and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]]
| motm =
| toss = Vidarbha won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Lalit Yadav (Vidarbha cricketer)|Lalit Yadav]] (Vidarbha) made his List A debut.
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 14 December 2021
| team1 = [[Himachal Pradesh cricket team|Himachal Pradesh]]
| team2 = [[Odisha cricket team|Odisha]]
| score1 = 360/5 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Rishi Dhawan]] 91[[not out|*]] (58)
| wickets1 = [[Jayanta Behera]] 2/46 (10 overs)
| score2 = 297 (45.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[Subhranshu Senapati]] 82 (76)
| wickets2 = [[Mayank Dagar]] 6/59 (10 overs)
| result = Himachal Pradesh won by 63 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1280380.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Vineet Kulkarni]] and [[Rohan Pandit]]
| motm =
| toss = Himachal Pradesh won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = Bikash Rout (Odisha) made his List A debut.
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 14 December 2021
| team1 = [[Andhra Pradesh cricket team|Andhra Pradesh]]
| team2 = [[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]
| score1 = 253/9 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[K. S. Bharat]] 156 (138)
| wickets1 = [[Tejas Patel (cricketer)|Tejas Patel]] 2/61 (10 overs)
| score2 = 172 (41.3 overs)
| runs2 = Umang Kumar 55 (66)
| wickets2 = [[Manish Golamaru]] 4/30 (9 overs)
| result = Andhra Pradesh won by 81 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1280381.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Dadoji Kondadev Stadium]], [[Thane]]
| umpires = [[Pashchim Pathak]] and Akshay Totre
| motm =
| toss = Gujarat won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Vijay Hazare Trophy}}
{{Domestic cricket in 2021–22}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vijay Hazare Trophy, 2021-22 Group A}}
[[Category:2021 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:2022 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 2021–22]]
[[Category:Vijay Hazare Trophy seasons]]

National Tuberculosis Institute

2025-08-12T01:18:53Z

Dwps: Improved wording and formatting

{{Short description|Indian Government institute}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = National Tuberculosis Institute
| native_name =
| image_name =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| latin_name =
| mottoeng =
| established = 1959
| closed =
| type =
| affiliation =
| endowment =
| officer_in_charge = Dr. N.Somashekar(Director)
| chairman =
| chancellor =
| president =
| total_staff =
| administrative_staff =
| students =
| city = [[Bangalore]]
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| province =
| country = India {{flagicon|India}}
| coor = {{Coord|13|0|6|N|77|34|58|E|}}
| campus =
| former_names =
| free_label =
| free =
| colors =
| colours =
| athletics =
| sports =
| nickname = NTIB
| mascot =
| affiliations =
| budget =
| website = {{URL|http://ntiindia.kar.nic.in}}
| logo = BangaloreMontage.png
| logo_size = 150px
| footnotes = Bengaluru Landmarks
}}

The '''National Tuberculosis Institute''' ('''NTIB''')<ref name="acronym">{{cite web | url=http://www.abbreviations.com/abbreviation/National+Tuberculosis+Institute+Bangalore | title=acronym | access-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> is a [[Government of India]] institute, under the ''Directorate General of Health Services'', [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (India)|Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]], dedicated to advanced research on [[Tuberculosis]]. The Institute is located along [[Bellary]] Road, in [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]] state, India.

== Profile ==
[[File:RobertKoch.jpg|upright|thumb|120px|left|Dr. [[Robert Koch]] discovered the tuberculosis bacillus.]]
The National Tuberculosis Institute owes its origin to the findings of a 1955–1958 survey conducted by the [[Indian Council of Medical Research|Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)]] where high incidence of [[pulmonary tuberculosis]] was found across the country. Acting on the survey findings, the Government of India initiated actions to start an advanced research institute solely dedicated to the cause and, as a result, NTIB was established in 1959, on a property, ''Avalon'', donated by the then [[Maharajah of Mysore]]. The technical assistance was provided by the [[World Health Organization]] and the Institute procured the equipment through [[UNICEF]] assistance.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

The Institute has, ever since, been active in research projects and studies and has been successful in formulating a ''TB Control Program'' for the country which incorporates the clinical, epidemiological and sociological aspects of the disease. It is involved in activities such as training of medical and paramedical staff and personnel across the country, formulating policies and programs in accordance with the WHO recommended [[DOTS]] strategies, planning, coordinating and executing research on the disease and its epidemiology, monitoring of programs, campaigns and impacts and documentation and dissemination of knowledge through print and audio-visual media.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

The Institute was accredited as a ''WHO Collaborating Centre'' for TB research and training in 1985.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

==Programs==

===Training programs===
{{quote box|align = right|qalign = center|width=30em|''Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially fatal contagious disease that can affect almost any part of the body but is mainly an infection of the lungs. It is caused by a bacterial [[microorganism]], the tubercle bacillus or [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]. Although TB can be treated, cured, and can be prevented if persons at risk take certain drugs, scientists have never come close to wiping it out. Few diseases have caused so much distressing illness for centuries and claimed so many lives.''<ref name="TB">{{cite web | url=http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Tuberculosis | title=TB | publisher=Medical Dictionary | work=web site | date=2014 | access-date=16 July 2014}}</ref>}}

The primary activity of the Training Department of the Institute is to train the medical and [[paramedical]] personnel, both as career-based and in-service courses, to groom them for training the staff working at the primary health centres and other lower strata medical facilities in the country. The course, ''Training of Trainers'' (TOT), is a two-week course, open to medical and paramedical personnel in the District Medical Centres and medical colleges.<ref name="Training">{{cite web | url=http://tbcindia.nic.in/pdfs/Tuberculosis%20Control%20in%20India10.pdf | title=Training | work=PDF | access-date=16 July 2014 | archive-date=26 July 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726122244/http://tbcindia.nic.in/pdfs/Tuberculosis%20Control%20in%20India10.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> The other training courses offered by the Institute are:
* State TB Training and Demonstration Centre (STDC)<ref name="STDC">{{cite web | url=http://dotsdelhi.org/stdc-activities.php | title=STDC | access-date=16 July 2014 | archive-date=20 July 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150720033055/http://www.dotsdelhi.org/stdc-activities.php | url-status=dead }}</ref> Training: Three week course for STDC personnel such as [[Epidemiologist]]s, [[Bacteriologist]]s, [[Statistician]]s, TB specialists and trainers.
* [[RNTCP]] Modular Training: The course is designed as modular and is aimed at Senior Treatment Supervisors (STS) and Senior TB Laboratory Supervisors (STLS) and other training officers of the District Medical Centres.
* Training for Program Managers: Two week program for the Senior TB Officers (STO) and the Medical Officers (MO) aimed at developing the managerial and computer skills.
* Post graduate Training: 10-day program for the master's degree students in Community Medicine, Chest Medicine and General Medicine and the mode of training is through practicals and presentations.
* Training for NGOs and Private Practitioners: Two day course for private practitioners and NGOs as per recommendations from the State or Central TB Divisions.
* Training of WHO Fellows: This is a special program for [[World Health Organization|WHO]] Fellows and is conducted on request and recommendation from WHO.

NTIB also conducts regular seminars, workshops and conference for easy dissemination of knowledge and information.<ref name="Training" />

===Research programs===
[[File:Tuberculosis-prevalence-WHO-2009.svg|thumb|right|alt=World map with [[sub-Saharan Africa]] in various shades of yellow, marking prevalences above 300 per 100,000, and with the U.S., Canada, Australia, and northern Europe in shades of deep blue, marking prevalences around 10 per 100,000. Asia is yellow but not quite so bright, marking prevalences around 200 per 100,000 range. South America is a darker yellow.|In 2007, the prevalence of TB per 100,000 people was highest in sub-Saharan Africa, and was also relatively high in Asia.<ref name=WHO2009-Burden>{{cite book |title=Global tuberculosis control: epidemiology, strategy, financing |author=World Health Organization |year=2009 |isbn=978-92-4-156380-2|chapter=The Stop TB Strategy, case reports, treatment outcomes and estimates of TB burden |chapter-url=http://who.int/tb/publications/global_report/2009/annex_3/en/index.html|access-date=14 November 2009 |pages=187–300}}</ref>]]
NTIB undertakes research programs on a regular basis, two of the current programs are:

'''Capture-recapture to estimate incidence, periodic prevalence and completeness of Tuberculosis cases reporting under RNTCP in [[Tumkur]] district''': The program aims to estimate the incidence and period prevalence of the disease in Tumkur district in Karnataka and arrive at the case finding efficiency of the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP).<ref name="RNTCP">{{cite web | url=http://www.tbcindia.nic.in/rntcp.html | title=RNTCP | access-date=15 July 2014 | archive-date=29 May 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529145450/http://tbcindia.nic.in/RNTCP.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> The research methodology is based on ''capture-recapture'' method where the patient record is compared with various other data sources.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}

'''Challenges in implementation of diagnostic [[algorithm]] for patients having symptoms suggestive of pulmonary TB with smear negative report initial sputum examination''': The project is focussed on preparing a database of smear test negative patients under RNTCP in the districts of Mysore, Mandya, Chikkamangalur and Shimoga, chart out the system and patient constraints and to document the behavioural patterns of the patients for preparing a diagnostic algorithm. The methodology deployed is random sampling and interview and comparison of the data with the lab registers maintained at the District Medical Centres (DMCs).{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}

===Monitoring programs===
The monitoring program of NTIB covers the whole of India except the [[Union Territories]] of [[Daman and Diu]] and [[Lakshadweep]] under National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP) and [[National TB Elimination Program (India)|Revised National Tuberculosis Programme]] (RNTCP). The program covers monitoring of data of smear positive and Smear negative case detections, sputum positive cases and treatment success rate.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}

==Library==
NTIB Library, established in 1960, is the knowledge repository of the Institute and acts as the ''Information Support Centre'' of the Institute and oversees the publications and the dissemination of information. It is accessible to the faculty and staff of the Institute, trainees, medical students, research scholars, health care providers, patients and public. The Library stocks 4,000 reference books and 10,000 bound volumes on Tuberculosis related topics such as Public Health, Radiology, Bacteriology, Statistics, Sociology, Epidemiology, Fugitive and Grey literature. It subscribes to 20 international and 35 national periodicals and has a collection of 120 audiovisual packages, 700 slides, 30 CDs and 150 transparencies, other than the NTIB publications.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}

==Publications==
NTIB has published many books, leaflets and journals related to tuberculosis and its control mechanisms.<ref name="Publications">{{cite web | url=http://tbresearch.ntiindia.org.in/view/divisions/NTI.html | title=Publications | publisher=Government of India | access-date=16 July 2014 | archive-date=10 June 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610190501/http://tbresearch.ntiindia.org.in/view/divisions/NTI.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{cite book
| url = http://www.marymartin.com/web/selectedIndex?mEntry=153488
| title = An introduction to tuberculin testing and BCG vaccination
| author = Shashidhara AN
| year = 1980
| publisher = IBH Prakashana
| access-date = 16 July 2014
| archive-date = 25 July 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140725073839/http://www.marymartin.com/web/selectedIndex?mEntry=153488
| url-status = dead
}}
* {{cite book
| url = http://ntiindia.kar.nic.in/pub_detail.htm
| title = Facts and figures on tuberculosis and National Tuberculosis Programme
| author = Krishna Murthy VV
| year = 1991
| publisher = TNIB
| archive-date = 27 February 2021
| access-date = 16 July 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210227035731/https://ntiindia.kar.nic.in/pub_detail.htm
| url-status = dead
}}
* {{cite book
| url = http://ntiindia.kar.nic.in/pub_detail.htm
| title = A manual for tuberculin testers and readers
| vauthors = Krishna Murthy MS, Shashidhara AN
| year = 1992
| publisher = TNIB
| archive-date = 27 February 2021
| access-date = 16 July 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210227035731/https://ntiindia.kar.nic.in/pub_detail.htm
| url-status = dead
}}
* {{cite book
| url = http://ntiindia.kar.nic.in/pub_detail.htm
| title = Tuberculin skin test - emerging 100 years since its first use
| vauthors = Shashidhara AN, Chaudhuri K
| year = 1990
| publisher = TNIB
| archive-date = 27 February 2021
| access-date = 16 July 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210227035731/https://ntiindia.kar.nic.in/pub_detail.htm
| url-status = dead
}}
* {{cite book
| url = http://ntiindia.kar.nic.in/pub_detail.htm
| title = What you should know about tuberculosis – Its diagnosis, treatment and prevention
| vauthors = Mahadev B, Balasangameshwara VH
| year = 1995
| publisher = TNIB
| archive-date = 27 February 2021
| access-date = 16 July 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210227035731/https://ntiindia.kar.nic.in/pub_detail.htm
| url-status = dead
}}
* {{cite book
| url = http://ntiindia.kar.nic.in/pub_detail.htm
| title = TB & HIV
| author = Balasangameshwara VH
| author2 = Sujatha Chandrasekaran
| author3 = Sophia Vijay
| author4 = Suryanarayana L
| year = 1995
| publisher = TNIB
| archive-date = 27 February 2021
| access-date = 16 July 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210227035731/https://ntiindia.kar.nic.in/pub_detail.htm
| url-status = dead
}}
* {{cite book
| url = http://ntiindia.kar.nic.in/pub_detail.htm
| title = Guidelines for laboratory procedures in tuberculosis – a chart
| author = TNIB
| year = 1996
| publisher = TNIB
| archive-date = 27 February 2021
| access-date = 16 July 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210227035731/https://ntiindia.kar.nic.in/pub_detail.htm
| url-status = dead
}}
* {{cite book
| url = http://ntiindia.kar.nic.in/pub_detail.htm
| title = Summaries of NTI studies
| vauthors = Jagota P, Srikantaramu N
| year = 1997
| publisher = TNIB
| archive-date = 27 February 2021
| access-date = 16 July 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210227035731/https://ntiindia.kar.nic.in/pub_detail.htm
| url-status = dead
}}
* {{cite book
| url = http://ntiindia.kar.nic.in/pub_detail.htm
| title = Childhood Tuberculosis
| vauthors = Suryanarayana HV, Chadha VK
| year = 1998
| publisher = TNIB
| archive-date = 27 February 2021
| access-date = 16 July 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210227035731/https://ntiindia.kar.nic.in/pub_detail.htm
| url-status = dead
}}
* {{cite book
| url = http://ntiindia.kar.nic.in/pub_detail.htm
| title = Manual on isolation, identification and sensitivity testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
| author1 = Chauhan MM
| author2 = Mahadev B
| author3 = Balasangameshwara VH
| name-list-style = amp
| year = 1998
| publisher = TNIB
| archive-date = 27 February 2021
| access-date = 16 July 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210227035731/https://ntiindia.kar.nic.in/pub_detail.htm
| url-status = dead
}}

NTIB has also brought out several manuals, guides and other publications.
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
# ''Manual for Census Takers'' - 1960
# ''Manual for the BCG Vaccinator'' - 1960
# ''Manuals for the key personnel of District Tuberculosis Programme viz., Introduction, District Tuberculosis Officers, Treatment Organisers, Statistical Assistants, X ray Technicians and Peripheral Health Institutions'' - 1963
# ''Periodical Abstract Bulletin'' (for internal circulation only) - introduced from the year 1967
# ''Summaries of NTI studies'' Vol I & II 1976 & 1977
# ''Summaries of Tuberculosis Research Centre studies'' Vol I & II 1976 & 1977
# ''Report of the WHO-Government of India Workshop on Tuberculosis and Primary Health Care'' - 1981
# ''Establishment and functioning of a Tuberculosis Culture Laboratory'' - 1983
# ''NTI Souvenir'' - 1985
# ''Proceedings of the NTI Silver Jubilee Celebrations'' - 1985
# ''Tuberculosis: its diagnosis and treatment for lay persons'' - 1985
# ''Participation of General Medical Practitioners - a key to success of National Tuberculosis Programme'' - 1985
# ''Scientific Report 1980–89'' - 1990
# ''Guidelines for Medical Officers of Peripheral Health Institutions on National Tuberculosis Programme – Chart'' - 1990
# ''Introduction to District Tuberculosis Programme'' - 1994
# ''Manual for District Tuberculosis Officers'' - 1994
# ''Manual for Treatment Organisers'' - 1994
# ''Manual for Laboratory Technicians'' - 1994
# ''Manual for Statistical Assistants'' - 1994
# ''Manual for X-ray Technicians'' - 1994
# ''Manual for Peripheral Health Institutions'' - 1994
{{div col end}}

==See also==
{{Portal||India}}
* [[Robert Koch]]
* [[World Tuberculosis Day]]
* [[Global Plan to Stop Tuberculosis]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* http://www.tbcindia.nic.in/rntcp.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529145450/http://tbcindia.nic.in/RNTCP.html |date=29 May 2014 }}

{{Higher education in India}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]]
[[Category:Tuberculosis organizations]]
[[Category:Research institutes in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Medical research in India]]
[[Category:Medical research institutes in India]]
[[Category:Tuberculosis in India]]
[[Category:1959 establishments in Mysore State]]
[[Category:Research institutes established in 1959]]

Madras motor neuron disease

2025-07-28T04:58:28Z

Dwps: adding a stub!

{{Infobox medical condition
|name =
|synonym = MMND
|image =
|image_size =
|alt =
|caption =
|pronounce =
|specialty = neurology
|symptoms =
|complications =
|onset =
|duration =
|types =
|causes =
|risks =
|diagnosis =
|differential =
|prevention =
|treatment =
|medication =
|prognosis =
|frequency =
|deaths =
}}
'''Madras motor neuron disease''' is a rare [[motor neuron disease]] originating in South India. Two other forms of the disease have been found, Familial Madras Motor Neuron Disease (FMMND) and the variant Madras Motor Neuron Disease (MMNDV).<ref name= "116 patients" /> The symptoms of MMND include weakness in the arms and legs, loss of vision, and deafness.<ref name= "116 patients" /> Most affected individuals are diagnosed by the age of 15 and occurs at the same frequency in males and females.<ref name= "116 patients" /> While the cause of the disease and its origins are not yet known, [[supportive care]] is available to individuals affected by the disease.

==Symptoms and signs==
Symptoms of MMND begin appearing when people are young, often before the age of 15. An affected individual is generally thin with weak arms and legs. They may lose control of the muscles that control their face, mouth, nose, and throat. This in turn, will cause difficulties speaking and swallowing. Further complications from the loss of facial motor control include drooling, as well facial droop. People with MMND may also suffer from a loss of hearing and sight.<ref name=Orphanet2008>{{cite web|last1=Merlini|first1=Luciano|title=Madras motor neuron disease ORPHA:137867|url=http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=137867|website=Orphanet|accessdate=8 April 2017|date=April 2008}}</ref><ref name=RDI2010/>

==Causes==
The cause of MMND has not yet been determined. There are cases where MMND appears to be inherited. However, no relevant genes have been identified.<ref name=Orphanet2008/>

MMND affects many [[cranial nerves]], particularly involving the 7th ([[facial nerve]]) and 9th to the 12th cranial nerves (in order: [[glossopharyngeal nerve]], [[vagus nerve]], [[accessory nerve]], [[spinal accessory nerve]]).<ref name="Orphanet2008" />
[[File:Brain human normal inferior view with labels en.svg|thumb|Brain human normal inferior view with labels en]]

==Diagnosis==
Diagnosis requires a [[neurological examination]]. A [[neuroimaging]] exam can also be helpful for diagnosis. For example, an [[MRI]] can be used to discover the atrophy of the specific brain regions.{{cn|date=July 2021}}

MMND can be [[Differential diagnosis|differentially diagnosed]] from similar conditions like [[Fazio-Londe syndrome]] and [[amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]], in that those two conditions don't involve [[sensorineural hearing loss]], while MMND, [[Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome]] (BVVLS), Nathalie syndrome, and Boltshauser syndrome do. Nathalie syndrome does not involve lower cranial nerve symptoms, so it can be excluded if those are present. If there is evidence of lower motor neuron involvement, Boltshauser syndrome can be excluded. Finally, if there is a family history of the condition, then BVVLS is more likely, as MMND tends to be sporadic.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sathasivam|first1=S|title=Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome.|journal=Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases|date=17 April 2008|volume=3|pages=9|pmid=18416855|pmc=2346457|doi=10.1186/1750-1172-3-9|doi-access=free}}</ref>
===Classification===
Madras motor neuron disease (MMND) is a [[motor neuron disease]] affecting primarily [[lower motor neurons]]. It is similar to [[Monomelic amyotrophy]] and primarily affects young adults in southern India.<ref name=Liewluck>{{cite book|last1=Liewluck|first1=Teerin|last2=Saperstein|first2=David S|editor1-last=Dimachkie|editor1-first=Mazen M.|editor2-last=Barohn|editor2-first=Richard J.|title=Motor Neuron Disease, An Issue of Neurologic Clinics|date=November 2015|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323413459|page=766|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zt2ZCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA766|language=en|chapter=Progressive Muscular Atrophy}}</ref>

Authors of a large [[case study]], published in 2008, proposed that MMND be divided into two categories: spontaneously-arising MMND and Familial Madras Motor Neuron Disease (FMMND).<ref name="116 patients"/> Using this method, cases in which the disease is inherited would be categorized as FMMND,<ref name="116 patients" /> while cases that displayed no genetic linkage would be categorized as spontaneously-arising MMND.

According to the same study, there is a variant form known as MMNDV, which is classified by additional [[optic atrophy]].<ref name="116 patients" />

Due to the rareness of MMND, it is classified as an [[orphan disease]].<ref name="Orphanet2008" />

==Management==
As of 2010, there was no cure for MMND.<ref name=RDI2010/> People with MMND are given [[Therapy#Supportive therapy|supportive care]] to help them cope, which can include [[physical therapy]], [[occupational therapy]], [[counselling]], [[speech and swallowing therapy]], and [[hearing aids]].<ref name=Orphanet2008/>

==Prognosis==
People with MMND become progressively more [[wasting|weak]] with time. Generally, affected individuals survive up to 30 years after they are diagnosed.<ref name=Orphanet2008/>

==Epidemiology==
As of 2008 under 200 cases have been reported worldwide. The disease affects males and females in equal rates. Most cases have arisen in Southern India in the states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]] and [[Tamil Nadu]], with others being reported in parts of Asia as well as Italy.<ref name=Orphanet2008/><ref name=RDI2010/>

==History==
Madras motor neuron disease was first described by Meenakshisundaram et al. in [[Chennai]] in 1970.<ref name=RDI2010>{{cite web|last1=Navaneetham|first1=Duraiswamy|title=Madras Motor Neuron Disease|url=http://www.rarediseasesindia.org/madrasmnd|website=Foundation for Research on Rare Diseases and Disorders|accessdate=26 March 2017|date=February 2010|archive-date=25 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325042730/http://www.rarediseasesindia.org/madrasmnd|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Meenakshisundaram|first1=E|last2=Jagannathan|first2=K|last3=Ramamurthi|first3=B|title=Clinical pattern of motor neuron disease seen in younger age groups in Madras.|journal=Neurology India|date=December 1970|volume=18|pages=Suppl 1:109+|pmid=5508105}}</ref>
[[File:Map of India.svg|thumb|Map of India]]

==Research==
A 2008 paper presented a study of 116 cases, observed over 36 years.<ref name="116 patients">{{cite journal|last1=Nalini|first1=A|last2=Thennarasu|first2=K|last3=Yamini|first3=BK|last4=Shivashankar|first4=D|last5=Krishna|first5=N|title=Madras motor neuron disease (MMND): clinical description and survival pattern of 116 patients from Southern India seen over 36 years (1971-2007).|journal=Journal of the Neurological Sciences|date=15 June 2008|volume=269|issue=1–2|pages=65–73|doi=10.1016/j.jns.2007.12.026|pmid=18261745|s2cid=23298900}}</ref> The authors looked at the [[family tree]]s of people with MMND, and found evidence for [[Autosomal Recessive|autosomal recessive]] inheritance in 15 of the 16 families studied, and [[autosomal dominant]] inheritance in the other.<ref name="116 patients" /> They also described [[postmortem studies]] of people with MMND, and found that the [[spinal cord]] had extreme loss of [[Anterior horn (spinal cord)|anterior horn]] cells and [[Demyelinate|demyelination]] and [[Sclerosis (medicine)|sclerosis]] of the ventrolateral columns; which could explain peripheral weakness, paresthesias, or paralysis. They also found changes in the color of the myelin of the [[optic nerve]]s, decreases in [[Purkinje cell]]s, increase in [[Bergman glia]], demyelination of fibers around the [[dentate nucleus]] with [[gliosis]], swollen globular neurons of deep nuclei of the [[cerebellum]], neural depletion and gliosis of the [[cochlear nucleus]] on both sides of the brainstem, and demyelination and axonal loss of the [[cochlear nerve]]. The authors said that the consistent findings of gliosis shows that inflammation in [[central nervous system]] is a key factor in how the disease harms people.<ref name="116 patients" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Motor neuron diseases]]
[[Category:Diseases and disorders in India]]

Kurumber Theru

2025-05-19T17:33:07Z

Dwps: new new data!

{{Multiple issues|{{Orphan|date=June 2024}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2025}}}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kurumber Street
| native_name = Kurumber Theru
| native_name_lang = Kanada, Tamil
| other_name = Mango Village, Food Cook Masters, Sweet Masters, Daily coolie`s
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|12.5363|N|78.3166|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Krishnagiri district|Krishnagiri]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder = S Thirupathi
| named_for =
| government_type = Kandikuppam Panchayat
| governing_body = [[Bargur BDO]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 533
| population_total = 650
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 635 108
| area_code = (91) 4343
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#TN.E2.80.94Tamil Nadu|TN]]-24
| website = http://www.krishnagiri.tn.nic.in/links.htm
| footnotes =
| leader_title2 = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Member of Legislative Assembly]]
| leader_name2 = [[V.RAJENDRAN]](AIADMK)
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
}}

'''Kurumber Theru''' (Kurumber street) is a village in [[Kandikuppam]] Panchayat, Bargur Block in Krishnagiri district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India.<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Primary Census Abstract Data Tables – India: Final Population Totals |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711042331/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=27 April 2025 |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India}}</ref> The village is surrounded in all directions by small numerous hillocks, greenery trees and plantations. The village has gained its importance because of mango, coconut and seasonal cultivation like groundnut, cereals, grains.

==Transport==
Kurumber Theru to Kandikuppam road distance is 1.8 km. Here peoples are facilitating transport their own vehicles or else they should walk.
Nearest town [[Bargur]]. Kurumber Theru connected NH 48 and State highway access to District Headquarters [[Krishnagiri]] & nearest Town [[Bargur]]. Neighbor state location [[Kuppam]], A.P 29.0 km (40min travel) from [[kandikuppam]].

==Education==
There is Government Primary School in Kurumber Theru. Here the surrounding rural area students doing their studies then for higher education they should go out of this villages to Orrapam, [[Kandikuppam]], [[Elathagiri]], [[Bargur]], Etc., This school earlier run with limited students in [[Palaru Gounder]] (Ex-Vice President [[Kandikuppam]]) private building, Permanent building constructed in the government fund then it was shifted to government building (Currently running location).

== References ==
{{reflist}}{{Krishnagiri district}}

[[Category:Villages in Krishnagiri district]]

Mir Mohammad Fayaz

2024-12-06T08:23:44Z

Dwps: Made redirect

#REDIRECT[[Fayaz Ahmad Mir]]

{{R from alternative name}}

Kapila Purana

2024-11-07T14:44:28Z

Dwps: new new details

{{italic title}}{{Short description|Minor Purana of Hinduism}}
{{Hindu scriptures and texts}}
The '''Kapila Purana''' ({{langx|sa|कपिल पुराण}}, {{IAST|Kapila Purāṇa}}) ({{circa}} 11th century) is a [[Hindu]] religious text. The text is considered one of the 18 [[Upapurana]]s.

== Content ==
It contains 21 chapters which mostly narrate glories about the ''puņyakṣetra''s (sacred places) of [[Utkala Kingdom|Utkala]]. It subsequently describes the greatness of [[Purusottama Kshetra]], [[Biraja Temple|Viraja Kshetra]], [[Konark|Maiterya Vana]], and [[Bhubaneswar|Ekamra Tirtha]]. Sage [[Kapila]] is the main narrator of this Purana. He describes to king Shalyajit regarding the glorified virtue of [[Utkala Kingdom]], which he reports as a conversation between sage [[Bharadvaja]] and the sages performing ''[[Tapas (Sanskrit)|tapas]]'' (austerities) in [[Pushkar]]akshetra.{{sfnp|Rocher|1986|p=184}} It describes the [[Shiva]], [[Durga]], [[Vishnu]] and [[Surya]] shrines in and around [[Orissa, India|Orissa]]. The [[Jnana yoga]] is described in the final chapter of this Purana.

== References ==
{{reflist|15em}}

== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{cite book |last1=Rocher |first1=Ludo |title=The Purāṇas |date=1986 |publisher=O. Harrassowitz |location=Wiesbaden |isbn=3-447-02522-0}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Tripathi |editor1-first=Shrikrishnamani |title=Kapilapuranam |edition=Critical |location=Varanasi |publisher=Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan |year=1981}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.astrojyoti.com/pdfs/DevanagariFiles/kapila_purana.pdf Text in Sanskrit]

{{Puranas}}
{{Jagannath}}

[[Category:Puranas]]
[[Category:Hinduism in Odisha]]