Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Battery Smart

2023-10-06T09:13:19Z

Ds Abhishek: Created page with 'Batter is a company based in Gurugram.'

{{Short description|EV battery-swapping company}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Battery Smart
| logo = Battery Smart logo.PNG
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| industry = [[Electric vehicle]] battery-swapping
| founded = November 2019
| founders = Pulkit Khurana, Siddharth Sikka
| hq_location_city = [[Gurugram, Haryana]]
| num_locations =
| area_served = 25 cities
| key_people =
}}

'''Battery Smart''' is an [[Electric vehicle|EV]] [[Battery swapping|battery-swapping]] company headquartered in [[Gurgaon|Gurugram, Haryana]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Battery Smart FY22 Revenues at Rs 7.95 Crore, Stations Cross 500 Mark - Saur Energy International |url=https://www.saurenergy.com/ev-storage/battery-smart-fy22-revenues-at-rs-7-95-crore-stations-cross-500-mark |access-date= |website=www.saurenergy.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shruti |first=Sonal |date=2022-07-22 |title=Tiger Global-backed Battery Smart needs to get smarter about swapping |url=https://the-ken.com/story/tiger-global-battery-smart-swapping/ |access-date= |website=[[The Ken]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

== History ==
Battery Smart was established by Pulkit Khurana and Siddharth Sikka, both serial entrepreneurs and graduates of [[IIT Kanpur|IIT-Kanpur]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian EV battery-swapping network eyes $50m in funding |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/DealStreetAsia/Indian-EV-battery-swapping-network-eyes-50m-in-funding |access-date= |website=Nikkei Asia |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bright future for battery swapping, 45,000 customers in the waiting list {{!}} Auto - Times of India Videos |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/auto/bright-future-for-battery-swapping-45000-customers-in-the-waiting-list/videoshow/95473328.cms |access-date= |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> The company was initially known as Upgrid Solutions when it began in November 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashrafi |first=Md Salman |date=2023-03-21 |title=Unpacking Battery swapping startup Battery Smart’s FY22 numbers |url=https://entrackr.com/2023/03/unpacking-battery-swapping-startup-battery-smarts-fy22-numbers/ |access-date= |website=Entrackr |language=en-US}}</ref> Commencing operations in June 2020, Battery Smart opened its first swap station in [[Janakpuri]], [[Delhi]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Battery Smart targets new customers and cities |url=https://www.autocarpro.in/feature/battery-smart-targets-new-customers-and-cities-81417 |access-date= |website=Autocar Professional |language=en}}</ref>

In February 2021, the company announced its [[Seed money|Seed-Round]] funding, with Orios Venture Partners leading the investment.<ref name=":1" /> In November 2021, the company raised $7 million in a pre-Series A funding round, with backing from Blume Ventures and Orios Ventures. Following this, in January 2022, the company forged a partnership with Zypp Electric to integrate 2000 Zypp Electric two-wheelers into their battery-swapping network.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Battery Smart announces partnership with Zypp Electric |url=https://www.manufacturingtodayindia.com/sectors/battery-smart-announces-partnership-with-zypp-electric |website=Manufacturing Today India}}</ref>

As of December 2022, the company had set up over 750 swap stations and was operational in 25 cities,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Takkar |first=Rhydhm |title=Battery Smart planning to expand network to 35 cities by December 2023 - ET EnergyWorld |url=https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/power/battery-smart-planning-to-expand-network-to-35-cities-by-december-2023/101165300 |access-date= |website=The Economic Times |language=en}}</ref> including [[Varanasi]], [[Agra]], [[Lucknow]], [[Jaipur]], [[Meerut]], and [[Kanpur]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Battery Smart completes 10 million swaps for 2, 3-wheelers - ET Auto |url=https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/auto-technology/battery-smart-completes-10-million-swaps-for-2-3-wheelers/99759244 |access-date= |website=ETAuto.com |language=en}}</ref>

The company also formed partnerships with [[Zomato]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETAuto.com |title=Zomato and Battery Smart join to promote green last-mile deliveries - ET Auto |url=https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/two-wheelers/zomato-and-battery-smart-join-to-promote-green-last-mile-deliveries/102900968 |access-date= |website=ETAuto.com |language=en}}</ref> and [[Tata Power Delhi Distribution Limited]] (''DDL''), a major power distribution company serving [[North Delhi (district)|North Delhi]], to set up battery swap stations for electric two- and three-wheelers in the region.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-15 |title=Tata Power Delhi Distribution partners with Battery Smart |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/tata-power-delhi-distribution-partners-with-battery-smart-11647356283045.html |access-date= |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

== Funding ==
In November 2021, Battery Smart secured $7 million in pre-Series A funding from investors like Blume Ventures and Orios Ventures.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pradeep |first=Sethu |date=2021-11-09 |title=EV Battery Swapping Startup Battery Smart Raises $7 Mn |url=https://inc42.com/buzz/ev-battery-swapping-startup-battery-smart-raises-7-mn/ |access-date= |website=Inc42 Media |language=en}}</ref>

In June 2022, the company obtained $25 million in Series A funding led by Tiger Global, with participation from Blume Ventures and Orios Ventures.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaur |first=Jaspreet |date=2022-06-27 |title=Battery Smart Raises $25 Mn To Partner With OEMs And Fleet Operators |url=https://inc42.com/buzz/ev-startup-battery-smart-raises-25-mn-to-partner-with-oems-and-fleet-operators/ |access-date= |website=Inc42 Media |language=en}}</ref> Also, venture debt fund Stride Ventures invested Rs 75 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chandak |first=Pooja |date=2022-12-28 |title=Stride Ventures Invest Rs 75 Crore In Battery Smart |url=https://emobilityplus.com/2022/12/28/stride-ventures-invest-rs-75-crore-in-battery-smart/ |access-date= |website=EMobility+ |language=en-GB}}</ref>

In 2023, Battery Smart raised $33 million in a pre-Series B round with participation from existing investors, including [[Tiger Global Management|Tiger Global]] and Blume Ventures, as well as new investors like the Ecosystem Integrity Fund and [[British International Investment]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-07 |title=Battery Smart raises $33 million |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/battery-smart-raises-33-million/articleshow/101558532.cms?from=mdr |access-date= |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.batterysmart.in/ Official website]

[[Category:Indian companies established in 2019]]
[[Category:2019 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Companies based in Gurgaon]]

Bloomsbury Publishing

2023-03-08T05:46:34Z

Ds Abhishek: Created an influential manuscript.

{{short description|British worldwide publishing house founded in 1986}}
{{about|the contemporary publishing company|the historic literary group|Bloomsbury Group}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Infobox publisher
| image = Bloomsbury-publishing-logo.PNG
| image_size = 250px
| name = Bloomsbury Publishing plc
| status = Active
| traded_as = {{plainlist|
* {{lse|BMY}}
* [[FTSE SmallCap Index|FTSE SmallCap]] component}}
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1986|09|26}}
| founder = [[Nigel Newton]]
| country = [[United Kingdom]]
| headquarters = [[London]], England
| distribution = [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan Publishers Services]] (UK, US) [[United Book Distributors]] (Australia)
| keypeople = {{ubl|[[Richard Lambert|Sir Richard Lambert]] ([[Non-executive chairman|Non-executive Chairman]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.londonstockexchange.com/exchange/news/market-news/market-news-detail/BMY/13262634.html|title=Bloomsbury Publishing Board Appointment|date=16 June 2017|website=London Stock Exchange|access-date=3 July 2018}}</ref>|[[Nigel Newton]] ([[Chief executive officer|Chief Executive]])}}
| publications = [[Book]]s, digital content products and online resources such as databases
| imprints = {{Plain list |
* Bloomsbury Academic
* Bloomsbury Methuen Drama ({{small|[[New York City]]}})
}}
| revenue = {{Increase}}£230.1 million (y/e 28/02/2022)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/financial-reporting/article/89614-bloomsbury-has-a-record-year.html|title=Bloomsbury Has a Record Year|website=Publishers Weekly|first=Jim |last=Milliot }}</ref>
| numemployees =
| nasdaq =
| url = {{URL|https://www.bloomsbury.com/}}
}}

'''Bloomsbury Publishing plc''' is a British worldwide publishing house of fiction and non-fiction. It is a constituent of the [[FTSE SmallCap Index]]. Bloomsbury's head office is located in [[Bloomsbury]], an area of the [[London Borough of Camden]]. It has a US publishing office located in [[New York City]], an India publishing office in [[New Delhi]], an Australia sales office in [[Sydney CBD]] and other publishing offices in the UK, including in [[Oxford]]. The company's growth over the past two decades is primarily attributable to the ''[[Harry Potter]]'' series by [[J. K. Rowling]] and, from 2008, to the development of its academic and professional publishing division.

The Bloomsbury Academic & Professional division won the Bookseller Industry Award for Academic, Educational & Professional Publisher of the Year in both 2013 and 2014.

==Divisions==
Bloomsbury Publishing group has two separate publishing divisions—the Consumer division and the Non-Consumer division—supported by group functions, namely Sales and Marketing, Book Production, Finance and Technology. Imprints and book lists of publishing businesses acquired by Bloomsbury are assigned to the most relevant publishing division.

==History==
The company was founded in 1986 by [[Nigel Newton]], who had previously been employed by other publishing companies. It was floated as a public registered company in 1994, raising £5.5 million, which was used to fund expansion of the company into paperback and children's books. A rights issue of shares in 1998 raised a further £6.1 million, which was used to expand the company, in particular to found a U.S. branch. In 1998, Bloomsbury USA was established. Bloomsbury USA Books for Young Readers was established in 2002, and in 2005, Bloomsbury acquired Walker & Co, a small company dedicated to publishing nonfiction.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bloomsburyusa.com/about|title=About Us|website=Bloomsbury Publishing|access-date=19 October 2016}}</ref> The Walker brand was discontinued in 2015 and sold to Walker Publishing Company.<ref>{{Cite web| title = Bloomsbury Consolidates Children's Imprints; Easton Leaving| work = PublishersWeekly.com| access-date = 2019-11-02| url = https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/childrens/childrens-industry-news/article/61466-bloomsbury-consolidates-children-s-imprints-easton-leaving.html|first=Jim |last=Milliot }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title = Candlewick to Publish Walker Books in U.S.| work = PublishersWeekly.com|first=Judith |last=Rosen | access-date = 2019-11-02| url = https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/childrens/childrens-industry-news/article/74450-candlewick-to-publish-walker-books-in-u-s.html}}</ref>

In December 2008, Bloomsbury opened a branch in [[Doha, Qatar]], under joint-partnership with [[Qatar Foundation]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Harding|first=Sue-Ann|title='But we don't read, Professor!' Translation, Bloomsbury Qatar Foundation Publishing, and building a 'vibrant literary culture'|journal=Perspectives: Studies in Translatology|volume=22|issue=4|page=Abstract|year=2014|doi=10.1080/0907676X.2014.948891|s2cid=60553880}}</ref> The publishing house created, called [[Bloomsbury Qatar Foundation Publishing]], worked mainly with English and Arabic literature.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/oct/16/middleeast-germany|title=Publishers seek new talent in Arab world |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London|first=Alison |last=Flood|author2=Ian Black|name-list-style=|access-date=18 February 2016}}</ref>

[[Bloomsbury Qatar Foundation Journals]] (BQFJ), an [[open access]], [[peer review]]ed academic publisher, was created in December 2010 as a joint venture with Qatar Foundation. Journal research articles were published through BQFJ's website ''Qscience.com''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alwasatnews.com/news/516920.html|title="مؤسسة قطر" تطلق المنبر الإلكتروني QScience.com لنشر الدوريات|publisher=Al Wasat News|language=ar|access-date=18 February 2016}}</ref> The company's partnership with Qatar Foundation ended in December 2015 and all of Bloomsbury Qatar Foundation Publishing works were incorporated in Qatari-owned HBKU Press. At the time of BQFP's dissolution it had published over 200 books. BQFJ's works were also incorporated in HBKU Press.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thebookseller.com/news/qatar-s-qf-and-bloomsbury-end-partnership-319122|title=Qatar's QF and Bloomsbury end partnership|website=[[The Bookseller]]|first=Charlotte|last= Eyre|access-date=18 February 2016}}</ref>

In 2012, Bloomsbury established a publishing office in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomsbury-ir.co.uk/html/media/press_releases/2012/140212.asp|title=Regulatory announcement}}</ref>

In May 2023, an article in ''[[The Verge]]'' reported that the cover of the UK edition of ''House of Earth and Blood'', published by Bloomsbury, uses an AI-generated image.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/5/15/23724102/sarah-j-maas-ai-generated-book-cover-bloomsbury-house-of-earth-and-blood |title=Not even NYT bestsellers are safe from AI cover art|website=The verge|first=Jess |last=Weatherbed}}</ref>

==Acquisitions and imprints==
Among the companies, book lists and imprints that Bloomsbury has acquired are:<ref>{{Cite web | title = Corporate history - Corporate and Investor Relations - Bloomsbury.com | access-date = 19 January 2015 | url = http://www.bloomsbury-ir.co.uk/html/about/a_history.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130722231642/http://bloomsbury-ir.co.uk/html/about/a_history.html | archive-date = 22 July 2013 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* Bloomsbury Academic (1986)
* [[A & C Black]] (2000)
* [[Whitaker's Almanack]] (2002)
* [[T & AD Poyser]] (2002)
* Thomas Reed Publications (2002)
* Peter Collin Publishing (2002)
* Andrew Brodie Publications (2003)
* [[Adlard Coles Nautical]] (2003)
* Walker Publishing Company (2004)
* [[Methuen Publishing|Methuen]] Drama (2006)
* [[Berg Publishers]] (2008)
* [[John Wisden & Co]] (2008)
* [[Arden Shakespeare]] (2008)
* Tottel Publishing (2009)
* [[Duckworth Overlook|Bristol Classical Press]] (2010)
* [[Continuum International Publishing Group]] (2011)
* Absolute Press (2011)<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Bloomsbury cooks up deal with Absolute Press |magazine=The Bookseller |first=Graeme |last=Neill|access-date=2018-07-07 |url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/bloomsbury-cooks-deal-absolute-press}}</ref>
* [[Fairchild Fashion Media|Fairchild Books]] (2012)
* Applied Visual Arts Publishing (2012)
* Hart Publishing (2013)
* [[Osprey Publishing]] (2014)
* [[I. B. Tauris]] (2018)
* [[Oberon Books]] (2019)
* [[Zed Books]] (2020)
* Red Globe Press (2021)
* Head of Zeus (2021)<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Chandler|first1=Mark|last2=Wood|first2=Heloise|title=Bloomsbury buys Head of Zeus in £8.5m deal|url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/bloomsbury-buys-head-zeus-85m-deal-1261767|access-date=2021-11-10|website=The Bookseller}}</ref>
* [[ABC-CLIO]] (2021).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/industry-deals/article/88138-bloomsbury-buys-abc-clio-for-22-9-million.html|title = Bloomsbury Buys ABC-CLIO for $22.9Million|website=Publishers Weekly|first=Jim |last=Milliot }}</ref>
{{div col end}}
{{Portal|London|Companies|Books|Children's literature}}
==See also==

* [[List of largest UK book publishers]]
* [[Object Lessons]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [https://www.bloomsbury.com/ Bloomsbury Homepage]
* [http://www.bloomsbury-ir.co.uk/ Bloomsbury Investor relations website]
* [http://www.exacteditions.com/bloomsbury Bloomsbury Online Library] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025045114/http://www.exacteditions.com/bloomsbury/ }}

{{Media in the United Kingdom|comporg}}

[[Category:Bloomsbury Publishing books|*]]
[[Category:1986 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Academic publishing companies]]
[[Category:Book publishing companies based in London]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the London Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Multinational publishing companies]]
[[Category:Publishing companies established in 1986]]

List of Rajya Sabha members (Alphabetical)

2023-01-04T16:02:53Z

Ds Abhishek: Added outline.

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
This is the alphabetical list of current and former Rajya Sabha members from all States.
 Source: Parliament of India (Rajya Sabha)<ref>[http://164.100.47.5/Newmembers/alphabeticallist_all_terms.aspx Alphabetical list of former members of Rajya Sabha]</ref>

''The list is incomplete.''

{{Compact ToC}}

==Abbreviations==
===States and Union Territories===
* AP - Andhra Pradesh * AR - Arunachal Pradesh * AS - Assam * BR - Bihar * CT - Chhattisgarh * DL - Delhi * GA - Goa * GJ - Gujarat * HR - Haryana * HP - Himachal Pradesh * JK - Jammu and Kashmir * JH - Jharkhand * KA - Karnataka * KL - Kerala * MP - Madhya Pradesh* MH - Maharashtra * MN - Manipur * ML - Meghalaya * MZ - Mizoram * NL - Nagaland * OR - Odisha * PB - Punjab * PY - Puducherry * RJ - Rajasthan * SK - Sikkim * TN - Tamil Nadu * TG - Telangana * TR - Tripura * UP - Uttar Pradesh * UT - Uttarakhand * WB - West Bengal

===Party===
* BJP - Bharatiya Janata Party * BSP - Bahujan Samaj Party * CPI - Communist Party Of India * CPM - Communist Party Of India (Marxist ) * INC - Indian National Congress * SP - Samajwadi Party *

==A==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name (Alphabetical Last Name) !!Party !! Date of Appointment !! Date of Retirement !! Term !! State
|-
|-
| [[Mohammad Aas]] || JD || 03/04/1994 || 02/04/2000 || 1 || Bihar
|-
| [[Hashim Raza Allahabadi Abdi]] || INC || 03/04/1982 || 02/04/1988 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| Dr. [[Farooq Abdullah]] || J&KNC || 30/11/2002 || 29/11/2008 || 1 || Jammu & Kashmir
|-
| Dr. [[Farooq Abdullah]] || J&KNC || 16/02/2009 || 15/02/2015 || 2 || Jammu & Kashmir
|-
| [[Kasim Ali Abid]] || INC || 10/04/1972 || 09/04/1978 || 1 || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| [[Abu Abraham]] || NOM || 03/04/1972 || 02/04/1978 || 1 || Kerala
|-
| [[Joy Abraham]] || KC(M) || 02/07/2012 || 01/07/2018 || 1 || Kerala
|-
| [[P. Abraham]] || INC || 07/08/1963 || 06/08/1969 || 1 || Puducherry
|-
| [[Prasanna Acharya]] || BJD || 02/07/2016 || 01/07/2022 || 1 || Odisha
|-
| [[Suryakantbhai Acharya]] || BJP || 19/08/2005 || 21/12/2009 || 1 || Gujarat
|-
| [[M. P. Achuthan]] || CPI || 22/04/2009 || 21/04/2015 || 1 || Kerala
|-
| [[Mohammed Adeeb]] || IND || 26/11/2008 || 25/11/2014 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Govindrao Adik]] || INC || 03/08/1993 || 02/04/1994 || 1 || Maharashtra
|-
| [[Govindrao Adik]] || INC || 03/04/1994 || 02/04/2000 || 2 || Maharashtra
|-
| [[Govindrao Adik]] || NCP || 04/08/2009 || 02/04/2012 || 3 || Maharashtra
|-
| Dr. [[Malcolm Sathianathan Adiseshiah]] || NOM || 14/04/1978 || 13/04/1984 || 1 || Tamil Nadu
|-
| [[Adityendra]] || INC || 03/04/1954 || 02/04/1960 || 1 || Rajasthan
|-
| [[Sushila Shankar Adivarekar]] || INC || 18/09/1971 || 02/04/1972 || 1 || Maharashtra
|-
| [[Sushila Shankar Adivarekar]] || INC || 03/04/1972 || 02/04/1978|| 2 || Maharashtra
|-
| [[Sushila Shankar Adivarekar]] || INC || 03/04/1978 || 02/04/1984 || 3 || Maharashtra
|-
| [[Lal Krishna Advani]] || JS || 03/04/1976 || 02/04/1982 || 1 || Delhi
|-
| [[Lal Krishna Advani]] || JS || 03/04/1976 || 02/04/1982 || 2 || Gujarat
|-
| [[Lal Krishna Advani]] || BJP || 03/04/1982 || 02/04/1988 || 3 || Madhya Pradesh
|-
| [[Lal Krishna Advani]] || BJP || 03/04/1988 || 27/11/1989 || 4 || Madhya Pradesh
|-
| [[Anu Aga]] || NOM || 27/04/2012 || 26/04/2018 || 4 || Maharashtra
|-
| [[Amar Nath Agarwal]] || INC || 03/04/1952 || 02/04/1954 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Amar Nath Agarwal]] || INC || 03/04/1954 || 02/04/1960 || 2 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Beni Prasad Agarwal]] || INC || 03/04/1952 || 02/04/1958 || 1 || West Bengal
|-
| [[Lakkhiram Agarwal]] || BJP || 10/04/1990 || 09/04/1996 || 1 || Madhya Pradesh
|-
| [[Lakkhiram Agarwal]] || BJP || 10/04/1996 || 31/10/2000 || 2 || Madhya Pradesh
|-
| [[Lakkhiram Agarwal]] || BJP || 01/11/2000 || 09/04/2002 || 3 || Chhattisgarh
|-
| Prof. [[M.M. Agarwal]] || IND || 03/04/2000 || 02/04/2006 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Naresh Agrawal]] || SP || 03/03/2010 || 02/04/2012 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Naresh Agrawal]] || SP || 03/04/2012 || 02/04/2018 || 2 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Ramdas Agarwal]] || BJP || 10/04/1990 || 09/04/1996 || 1 || Rajasthan
|-
| [[Ramdas Agarwal]] || BJP || 10/04/1996 || 09/04/2002 || 2 || Rajasthan
|-
| [[Ramdas Agarwal]] || BJP || 04/04/2006 || 03/04/2012 || 3 || Rajasthan
|-
| [[Satish Agarwal]] || BJP || 03/04/1994 || 10/09/1997 || 1 || Rajasthan
|-
| [[Satish Agarwal]] || BJP || 03/04/1994 || 10/09/1997 || 1 || Rajasthan
|-
| [[Ram Gopal Agarwala]] || INC || 03/04/1952 || 02/04/1956 || 1 || Bihar
|-
| [[Ram Gopal Agarwala]] || INC || 08/07/1992 || 07/07/1998 || 2 || Bihar
|-
| [[Parmeshwar Kumar Agarwalla]] || BJP || 10/04/1990 || 09/04/1996 || 1 || Bihar
|-
| [[Parmeshwar Kumar Agarwalla]] || BJP || 08/07/1998 || 07/07/2004 || 2 || Jharkhand
|-
| [[Jai Parkash Aggarwal]] || INC || 28/01/2006 || 16/05/2009 || 1 || Delhi
|-
| [[Ramesh Umrao Agnibhoj]] || INC || 10/11/1952 || 02/04/1958 || 1 || Madhya Pradesh
|-
| [[S. Agniraj]] || DMK || 30/06/1998 || 29/06/2004 || 1 || Tamil Nadu
|-
| [[Jagannath Prasad Agrawal]] || INC || 03/04/1952 || 02/04/1958 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Jagannath Prasad Agrawal]] || INC || 03/04/1958 || 02/04/1964 || 2 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[S. S. Ahluwalia]] || INC || 07/07/1986 || 06/07/1992 || 1 || Bihar
|-
| [[S. S. Ahluwalia]] || INC || 08/07/1992 || 07/07/1998 || 2 || Bihar
|-
| [[S. S. Ahluwalia]] || BJP || 03/04/2000 || 02/04/2006 || 3 || Jharkhand
|-
| [[S. S. Ahluwalia]] || BJP || 03/04/2006 || 02/04/2012 || 4 || Jharkhand
|-
| Dr. [[Abrar Ahmed (INC Politician)|Abrar Ahmed]] || INC || 03/04/1988 || 02/04/1994 || 1 || Rajasthan
|-
| Dr. [[Abrar Ahmed (INC Politician)|Abrar Ahmed]] || INC || 10/04/2002 || 04/05/2004 || 2 || Rajasthan
|-
| Dr. [[Z A Ahmad]] || CPI || 03/04/1958 || 19/03/1962 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| Dr. [[Z A Ahmad]] || CPI || 03/04/1966 || 02/04/1972 || 2 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| Dr. [[Z A Ahmad]] || CPI || 03/04/1972 || 02/04/1978 || 3 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| Dr. [[Z A Ahmad]] || CPI || 23/08/1990 || 02/04/1994 || 4 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]] || INC || 03/04/1954 || 25/03/1957 || 1 || Assam
|-
| [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]] || INC || 03/04/1966 || 25/02/1967 || 2 || Assam
|-
| [[Sheikh Khabir Uddin Ahmed]] || CPI(M) || 03/04/2002 || 02/04/2008 || 1 || West Bengal
|-
| [[Wasim Ahmad]] || IND || 30/11/1996 || 04/07/1998 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[M. J. Akbar]] || BJP || 03/07/2015 || 29/06/2016 || 1 || Jharkhand
|-
| [[M. J. Akbar]] || BJP || 30/06/2016 || 29/06/2022 || 2 || Madhya Pradesh
|-
| [[Mani Shankar Aiyar]] || NOM || 22/03/2010 || 21/03/2016 || 1 || Delhi
|-
| [[Sudarshan Akarapu]] || TDP || 10/04/2002 || 09/04/2008 || 1 || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| [[Jagannath Sitaram Akarte]] || INC || 05/07/1980 || 04/07/1986 || 1 || Maharashtra
|-
| [[Javed Akhtar]] || NOM || 22/03/2010 || 21/03/2016|| 1 || Maharashtra
|-
| [[Kamal Akhtar]] || SP || 05/07/2004 || 04/07/2010 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Aladi Aruna]] || AIADMK || 25/07/1983 || 24/07/1989 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Yoginder K Alagh]] || IND || 26/11/1996 || 02/04/2000 || 1 || Gujarat
|-
| Dr. [[P. C. Alexander]] || IND || 29/07/2002 || 02/04/2008 || 1 || Maharashtra
|-
| [[Abid Ali Jaferbhai|Abid Ali]] || INC || 03/04/1952 || 02/04/1954 || 1 || Bombay
|-
| [[Abid Ali Jaferbhai|Abid Ali]] || INC || 03/04/1954 || 02/04/1958 || 2 || Bombay
|-
| [[Abid Ali Jaferbhai|Abid Ali]] || INC || 03/04/1958 || 02/04/1964 || 3 || Bombay/Maharashtra
|-
| [[Abid Ali Jaferbhai|Abid Ali]] || CONG(O) || 03/04/1964 || 02/04/1970 || 4 || Maharashtra
|-
| Dr. [[Ejaz Ali]] || JD(U) || 20/03/2008 || 07/07/2010 || 1 || Bihar
|-
| [[Munquad Ali]] || BSP || 03/04/2012 || 02/04/2018 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Sabir Ali (politician)|Sabir Ali]] || LJP || 10/04/2008 || 15/11/2011 || 1 || Bihar
|-
| [[Sabir Ali (politician)|Sabir Ali]] || JD(U) || 16/12/2011 || 09/04/2014 || 2 || Bihar
|-
| [[Syed Rahmat Ali]] || INC || 03/04/1980 || 02/04/1986 || 1 || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| [[Alia Zuberi|Kumari Alia]]|| INC || 11/10/1989 || 04/07/1992 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[S. Peter Alphonse]] || INC || 03/04/1996 || 09/09/1997 || 1 || Tamil Nadu
|-
| [[S. Peter Alphonse]] || TMC(M) || 10/10/1997 || 02/04/2002 || 2 || Tamil Nadu
|-
| [[Joachim Alva]] || NOM || 03/04/1968 || 02/04/1974 || 2 || Karnataka
|-
| Dr. [[K. Nagappa Alva]] || INC || 03/04/1970 || 02/04/1976 || 1 || Karnataka
|-
| [[Margaret Alva]] || INC || 03/04/1974 || 02/04/1980 || 1 || Karnataka
|-
| [[Margaret Alva]] || INC || 03/04/1980 || 02/04/1986 || 2 || Karnataka
|-
| [[Margaret Alva]] || INC || 03/04/1986 || 02/04/1992 || 3 || Karnataka
|-
| [[Margaret Alva]] || INC || 03/04/1992 || 02/04/1998 || 4 || Karnataka
|-
| [[Violet Alva]] || INC || 03/04/1952 || 02/04/1960 || 1 || Mysore
|-
| [[Violet Alva]] || INC || 03/04/1960 || 02/04/1966 || 2 || Mysore
|-
| [[Violet Alva]] || INC || 03/04/1966 || 20/11/1969 || 3 || Bombay
|-
| [[Raashid Alvi]] || INC || 22/06/2004 || 02/04/2006 || 1 || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| [[Raashid Alvi]] || INC || 03/04/2006 || 02/04/2012 || 2 || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| [[Debananda Amat]] || INC || 06/03/1973 || 02/04/1974 || 1 || Odisha
|-
| [[Anil Dhirubhai Ambani]] || IND || 05/07/2004 || 29/03/2006 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| Dr. [[B.R. Ambedkar]] || RPI || 03/04/1952 || 02/04/1956 || 1 || Bombay
|-
| Dr. [[B.R. Ambedkar]] || RPI || 03/04/1956 || 06/12/1956 || 2 || Bombay
|-
| [[Prakash Ambedkar]] || NOM || 18/09/1990 || 17/09/1996 || 1 || Maharashtra
|-
| [[Mohammed Amin (politician)|Mohammed Amin]] || CPI(M) || 03/04/1988 || 02/04/1994 || 1 || West Bengal
|-
| [[Mohammed Amin (politician)|Mohammed Amin]] || CPI(M) || 17/05/2007 || 18/08/2011 || 2 || West Bengal
|-
| [[Sardar Amjad Ali]] || INC || 03/04/1972 || 02/04/1978 || 1 || West Bengal
|-
| [[Tirath Ram Amla]] || INC || 04/05/1967 || 02/04/1970 || 1 || Jammu & Kashmir
|-
| [[Tirath Ram Amla]] || INC || 03/04/1970 || 02/04/1976 || 2 || Jammu & Kashmir
|-
| [[Tirath Ram Amla]] || INC || 03/04/1976 || 02/04/1982 || 3 || Jammu & Kashmir
|-
| [[Tirath Ram Amla]] || INC || 12/12/1985 || 11/12/1991 || 4 || Jammu & Kashmir
|-
| [[Jagjit Singh Anand]] || CPI || 03/04/1974 || 02/04/1980 || 1 || Punjab
|-
| [[R. K. Anand]] || INC || 03/04/2000 || 02/04/2006 || 1 || Jharkhand
|-
| [[M. Anandam]] || INC || 11/03/1969 || 02/04/1974 || 1 || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| [[M. Anandam]] || INC || 03/04/1974 || 02/04/1980 || 2 || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| [[T.V. Anandan]] || CONG(O) || 03/04/1964 || 02/04/1970 || 1 || Tamil Nadu
|-
| [[T.V. Anandan]] || CONG(O) || 03/04/1970 || 02/04/1976 || 2 || Tamil Nadu
|-
| [[P. Anbalagan]] || AIADMK || 28/07/1980 || 02/04/1984 || 1 || Tamil Nadu
|-
| [[S. Anbalagan]] || AIADMK || 30/06/2004 || 29/06/2010 || 1 || Tamil Nadu
|-
| Sardar [[Chandroji Sambhaji Rao Angre]] || SWP || 03/04/1952|| 02/04/1954 || 1 || Madhya Bharat
|-
| Sardar [[Sambhaji Chandroji Angre]] || JS || 03/04/1970 || 02/04/1976 || 1 || Madhya Pradesh
|-
| [[T. Anjiah]] || INC || 10/04/1978 || 19/02/1981 || 1 || Arunachal Pradesh
|-
| [[C.N. Annadurai]] || DMK || 03/04/1962 || 25/02/1967 || 1 || Madras
|-
| [[Abdul Qaiyum Ansari]] || INC || 03/04/1970 || 19/03/1972 || 1 || Bihar
|-
| [[Faridul Haq Ansari]] || PSP || 03/04/1958 || 02/04/1964 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Faridul Haq Ansari]] || PSP || 03/04/1964 || 04/04/1966 || 2 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Hayatulla Ansari]] || INC || 03/04/1966 || 02/04/1972 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Hayatulla Ansari]] || NOM || 27/09/1982 || 26/09/1988 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Jalaludin Ansari]] || INC || 03/04/1994 || 02/04/2000 || 1 || Bihar
|-
| [[Mohammed Amin Ansari]] || INC || 03/04/1988 || 14/07/1990 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Salim Ansari]] || BSP || 05/07/2010 || 04/07/2016 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Ansaruddin Ahmed]] || INC || 03/04/1958 || 02/04/1964 || 1 || West Bengal
|-
| Dr. [[Biharilal Naranji Antani]] || SWP || 03/04/1966 || 16/09/1971 || 1 || Gujarat
|-
| [[A. K. Antony]] || INC || 03/04/1985 || 02/04/1991 || 1 || Kerala
|-
| [[A. K. Antony]] || INC || 03/04/1991 || 1996 || 2 || Kerala
|-
| [[A. K. Antony]] || INC || 03/05/2005 || 02/04/2010 || 3 || Kerala
|-
| [[A. K. Antony]] || INC || 03/04/2010 || 02/04/2016 || 4 || Kerala
|-
| [[A. K. Antony]] || INC || 03/04/2016 || 02/04/2022 || 5 || Kerala
|-
| [[Abdul Rehman Antulay]] || INC || 03/04/1976 || 03/07/1980 || 1 || Maharashtra
|-
| [[Ali Anwar]] || JDU || 03/04/2006 || 02/04/2012 || 1 || Bihar
|-
| [[Ali Anwar]] || JDU || 03/04/2012 || 02/04/2018 || 2 || Bihar
|-
| [[N. M. Anwar]] || INC || 03/04/1960 || 02/04/1966 || 1 || Madras
|-
| [[G. A. Appan]] || DMK || 03/04/1968 || 02/04/1974 || 1 || Madras/Tamil Nadu
|-
| [[M. R. Apparow]] || INC || 20/03/1981 || 02/04/1982 || 1 || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| [[Balavant Apte]] || BJP || 03/04/2000 || 02/04/2006 || 1 || Maharashtra
|-
| [[Balavant Apte]] || BJP || 03/04/2006 || 02/04/2012 || 2 || Maharashtra
|-
| [[Devdas Apte]] || BJP || 02/07/2002 || 09/04/2008 || 1 || Jharkhand
|-
| Dr. [[M. Aram]] || NOM || 27/08/1993 || 24/05/1997 || 1 || Tamil Nadu
|-
| [[Mohammed Usman Arif]] || INC || 03/04/1970 || 02/04/1976 || 1 || Rajasthan
|-
| [[Mohammed Usman Arif]] || INC || 03/04/1976 || 02/04/1982 || 2 || Rajasthan
|-
| [[Mohammed Usman Arif]] || INC || 03/04/1982 || 31/03/1985 || 3 || Rajasthan
|-
| [[Arjun Arora]] || INC || 01/08/1960 || 02/04/1966 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[K. R. Arjunan]] || AIADMK || 25/07/2013 || 24/07/2019 || 1 || Tamil Nadu
|-
| [[Rukmini Devi Arundale]] || NOM || 03/04/1952 || 02/04/1956 || 1 || Madras
|-
| [[Kumbha Ram Arya]] || INC || 03/04/1960 || 26/10/1964 || 1 || Rajasthan
|-
| [[Kumbha Ram Arya]] || INC || 03/04/1968 || 02/04/1974 || 2 || Rajasthan
|-
| [[R.N. Arya]] || BSP || 26/11/1996 || 25/11/2002 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Ashok Siddharth]] || BSP || 05/07/2016 || 04/07/2022 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Kumar Ashwani]] || BJP || 07/07/1980 || 06/07/1986 || 1 || Bihar
|-
| [[Kumar Ashwani]] || BJP || 07/07/1986 || 06/07/1992 || 2 || Bihar
|-
| [[Chowdhary Mohammad Aslam]] || INC || 20/06/2006 || 29/11/2008 || 1 || Jammu & Kashmir
|-
| [[K.B. Asthana]] || JP || 14/07/1977 || 02/04/1980 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Lila Dhar Asthana]] || INC || 03/04/1962 || 02/04/1968 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Ramdas Athawale]] || RPI(A) || 03/04/2014 || 02/04/2020 || 1 || Maharashtra
|-
| [[Surjit Singh Atwal]] || INC || 03/04/1962 || 02/04/1968 || 1 || Punjab
|-
| Sardar [[Jagjit Singh Aurora]] || SAD || 05/07/1986 || 04/07/1992 || 1 || Punjab
|-
| [[S. Austin]] || AIADMK || 30/06/1992 || 29/06/1998 || 1 || Tamil Nadu
|-
| [[R.D. Jagtap Avergoankar]] || INC || 03/04/1974 || 02/04/1980 || 1 || Maharashtra
|-
| [[Narasimha Gopalaswami Ayyangar]] || INC || 03/04/1952 || 10/02/1953 || 1 || Tamil Nadu
|-
| [[Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar]] || NOM || 03/04/1952 || 03/10/1953 || 1 || Tamil Nadu
|-
| [[Gandhi Azad]] || BSP || 26/11/1996 || 25/11/2002 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Gandhi Azad]] || BSP || 26/11/2002 || 25/11/2008 || 2 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Gandhi Azad]] || BSP || 26/11/2002 || 25/11/2008 || 2 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]] || [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || 03/04/1990 || 03/04/1996 || 1 || Maharashtra
|-
|| [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]] ||[[Indian National Congress|INC]] ||30/11/1996 || 29/11/2002 || 2 || [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|-
|| [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]] || [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || 30/11/2002 || 29/11/2008 || 3 || [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|-
|| [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]] || [[Indian National Congress|INC]] ||11/02/2009 || 10/02/2015 || 4 || [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|-
| [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]] || [[Indian National Congress|INC]] ||16/02/2015 || 15/02/2021 || 5 || [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|-
| Maulana [[Obaidullah Khan Azmi]] || INC || 03/04/1990 || 02/04/1996 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| Maulana [[Obaidullah Khan Azmi]] || INC || 10/04/1996 || 09/04/2002 || 2 || Jharkhand
|-
| Maulana [[Obaidullah Khan Azmi]] || INC || 10/04/2002 || 09/04/2008 || 3 || Madhya Pradesh
|-
| [[Shabana Azmi]] || NOM || 26/11/2002 || 25/11/2008 || 1 || Maharashtra
|-
|-
|}

==B==

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name (Alphabetical Last Name) !!Party !! Date of Appointment !! Date of Retirement !! Term !! State
|-

|-
| Dr. [[Sarojini Babar]] || INC || 03/04/1968 || 02/04/1974 || 1 || Maharashtra
|-
| [[Raj Babbar]] || INC || 14/03/2015 || 25/11/2020 || 2 || Uttarakhand
|-
| [[Balihari|Balihari Babu]] || BSP || 03/04/2006 || 12/06/2009 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Banamali Babu]] || INC || 03/04/1982 || 02/04/1988 || 1 || Odisha
|-
| [[M. A. Baby]] || CPI(M) || 03/04/1986 || 02/04/1992 || 1 || Kerala
|-
| [[M. A. Baby]] || CPI(M) || 03/04/1992 || 02/04/1998 || 2 || Kerala
|-
| [[Lekhraj Bachani]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] || 03/04/2000 || 02/04/2006 || 1 || Gujarat
|-
| Dr. [[Harivansh Rai Bachchan]] || NOM || 03/04/1966 || 02/04/1972 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Jaya Bachchan]] || SP || 03/07/2005 || 30/06/2006 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Jaya Bachchan]] || SP || 01/07/2006 || 02/05/2009 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Jaya Bachchan]] || SP || 03/04/2012 || 02/04/2018 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Sadasiv Bagaitkar]] || JP || 03/04/1978 || 05/12/1983 || 1 || Maharashtra
|-
| [[Chandan K. Bagchi]] || INC || 12/04/1983 || 09/04/1984 || 1 || Bihar
|-
| Dr. [[K. C. Baghel]] || O || 03/04/1964 || 22/02/1969 || 1 || Madhya Pradesh
|-
| Prof. [[S. P. Singh Baghel]] || BSP || 05/07/2010 || 12/03/2014 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Santosh Bagrodia]] || INC || 05/07/1986 || 04/07/1992 || 1 || Rajasthan
|-
| [[Santosh Bagrodia]] || INC || 05/07/1998 || 04/07/2004 || 2 || Rajasthan
|-
| [[Santosh Bagrodia]] || INC || 05/07/2004 || 04/07/2010 || 3 || Rajasthan
|-
| [[Jharna Das|Jharna Das Baidya]] || CPM || 03/04/2010 || 02/04/2016 || 1 || Tripura
|-
| [[Jharna Das|Jharna Das Baidya]] || CPM || 03/04/2016 || 02/04/2022 || 2 || Tripura
|-
| [[Balkavi Bairagi]] || INC || 30/06/1998 || 29/06/2004 || 1 || Madhya Pradesh
|-
| [[Birendra Prasad Baishya]] || AGP || 10/04/2008 || 09/04/2014 || 1 || Assam
|-
| [[Rahul Bajaj]] || IND || 20/06/2006 || 04/07/2010 || 1 || Maharashtra
|-
| [[Partap Singh Bajwa]] || INC || 05/07/2016 || 04/07/2022 || 1 || Punjab
|-
| [[T. S. Bajwa]] || PDP || 26/11/2002 || 25/11/2008 || 1 || Jammu & Kashmir
|-
| [[Varinder Singh Bajwa]] || SAD || 10/04/2004 || 09/04/2010 || 1 || Punjab
|-
| [[Sikander Bakht]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] || 10/04/1990 || 09/04/1996 || 1 || [[Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
| [[Sikander Bakht]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] || 10/04/1996 || 09/04/2002 || 2 || [[Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
| [[N. Balaganga]] || AIADMK || 03/04/2008 || 02/04/2014 || 1 || Tamil Nadu
|-
| [[K.N. Balagopal]] || CPI(M) || 03/04/2010 || 02/04/2016 || 1 || Kerala
|-
| [[M. C. Balan]] || AIADMK || 03/04/1972 || 02/04/1978 || 1 || Tamil Nadu
|-
| [[E. Balanandan]] || CPI(M) || 02/07/1988 || 01/07/1994 || 1 || Kerala
|-
| [[E. Balanandan]] || CPI(M) || 02/07/1994 || 01/07/2000 || 2 || Kerala
|-
| [[N.E. Balaram]] || CPI || 22/04/1985 || 21/04/1991 || 1 || Kerala
|-
| [[N.E. Balaram]] || CPI || 22/04/1991 || 16/07/1994 || 2 || Kerala
|-
| [[S. R. Balasubramoniyan]] || AIADMK || 03/06/2016 || 02/06/2022 || 1 || Tamil Nadu
|-
| [[Vyjayantimala Bali]] || NOM || 27/08/1993 || 26/08/1999 || 1 || Tamil Nadu
|-
| [[Achchhey Lal Balmik]] || INC || 31/01/1985 || 04/07/1986 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Krishan Lal Balmik]] || BJP || 04/04/2006 || 21/04/2010 || 1 || Rajasthan
|-
| [[Shiv Lal Balmik]] || INC || 16/09/1981 || 02/04/1982 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| Dr. [[Pradeep Kumar Balmuchu]] || INC || 04/05/2012 || 03/05/2018 || 1 || Jharkhand
|-
| [[T. R. Balu]] || DMK || 30/06/1986 || 29/06/1992 || 1 || Tamil Nadu
|-
| [[Gulam Rasool Balyawi]] || JD(U) || 23/06/2014 || 07/07/2016 || 1 || Bihar
|-
| [[Debendranath Bandyopadhyay]] || AITC || 19/08/2011 || 18/08/2017 || 1 || West Bengal
|-
| [[B.N. Banerjee]] || NOM || 03/04/1976 || 02/04/1982 || 1 || West Bengal
|-
| [[Jaharlal Banerjee]] || INC || 10/07/1975 || 09/07/1981 || 1 || West Bengal
|-
| [[Ritabrata Banerjee]] || CPI(M) || 03/04/2014 || 02/04/2020 || 1 || West Bengal
|-
| [[Satyapriya Banerjee]] || AIFB || 03/04/1952 || 02/04/1956 || 1 || West Bengal
|-
| [[Satyapriya Banerjee]] || AIFB || 03/04/1956 || 23/03/1957 || 1 || West Bengal
|-
| [[Tara Shankar Banerjee]] || NOM || 03/04/1960 || 02/04/1966 || 1 || West Bengal
|-
| [[Pawan Kumar Bansal]] || INC || 10/04/1984 || 09/04/1990 || 1 || Punjab
|-
| [[Golap Borbora]] || JP || 03/04/1968 || 02/04/1974 || 1 || Assam
|-
| [[Rahasbihari Barik]] || JD || 03/04/1994 || 02/04/2000 || 1 || Odisha
|-
| Dr. [[Waman Sheodas Barlingay]] || JD || 13/04/1952 || 02/04/1956 || 1 || Bombay
|-
| Dr. [[Waman Sheodas Barlingay]] || JD || 03/04/1956 || 02/04/1962 || 2 || Bombay
|-
| [[Debendra Nath Barman]] || CPI(M) || 10/07/1981 || 09/07/1987 || 1 || West Bengal
|-
| [[Prasenjit Barman]] || INC || 03/04/1976 || 02/04/1982 || 1 || West Bengal
|-
| [[Sushil Barongpa]] || INC || 03/04/1988 || 02/04/1994 || 1 || Himachal Pradesh
|-
| [[Sushil Barongpa]] || INC || 03/04/1994 || 02/04/2000 || 2 || Himachal Pradesh
|-
| [[Liladhar Barooah]] || SWP || 27/08/1958 || 02/04/1960 || 1 || Assam
|-
| [[Liladhar Barooah]] || SWP || 03/04/1960 || 02/04/1966 || 2 || Assam
|-
| [[Jayantilal Barot]] || BJP || 10/04/2002 || 09/04/2008 || 1 || Gujarat
|-
| [[Usha Barthakur]] || INC || 03/04/1966 || 02/04/1972 || 1 || Assam
|-
| [[Jamana Devi Barupal]] || INC || 04/04/2000 || 03/04/2006 || 1 || Rajasthan
|-
| [[Todak Basar]] || INC || 27/05/1972 || 26/05/1978 || 1 || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| [[Makineni Basavapunnaiah]] || CPI || 03/04/1952 || 02/04/1954 || 1 || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| [[Makineni Basavapunnaiah]] || CPI || 03/04/1954 || 02/04/1960 || 2 || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| [[Makineni Basavapunnaiah]] || CPI || 03/04/1960 || 02/04/1966 || 3 || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| [[H. R. Basavaraj]] || INC || 10/04/1978 || 17/01/1980 || 1 || Karnataka
|-
| [[M. Basavaraju]] || INC || 03/04/1980 || 02/04/1986 || 1 || Karnataka
|-
| [[S. M. Laljan Basha]] || [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]] || 10/04/2002 || 09/04/2008 || 1 || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| [[M. Basavaraju]] || INC || 20/07/1977 || 21/04/1979 || 1 || Kerala
|-
| [[Thalekkunnil Basheer]] || INC || 22/04/1979 || 29/12/1984 || 2 || Kerala
|-
| [[Chitta Basu (politician)|Chitta Basu]] || AIFB || 03/04/1966 || 02/04/1972 || 1 || West Bengal
|-
| [[Chitta Basu (politician)|Chitta Basu]] || AIFB || 02/12/1985 || 27/11/1989 || 2 || West Bengal
|-
| [[Nilotpal Basu]] || CPI(M) || 03/04/1994 || 02/04/2000 || 1 || West Bengal
|-
| [[Nilotpal Basu]] || CPI(M) || 03/04/2000 || 02/04/2006 || 2 || West Bengal
|-
| [[Santosh Kumar Basu]] || INC || 03/05/1957 || 02/04/1958 || 1 || West Bengal
|-
| [[Santosh Kumar Basu]] || INC || 03/04/1958 || 02/04/1964 || 2 || West Bengal
|-
| [[Dharanidhar Basumatari]] || INC || 15/06/1983 || 14/06/1989 || 1 || Assam
|-
| [[Amritlal Basumatary]] || [[Indian National Congress (Socialist)|IC(S)]] || 15/06/1989 || 01/08/1991 || 1 || Assam
|-
| [[Sunil Basuray]] || [[CPI(M)]] || 10/07/1987 || 09/07/1993 || 1 || West Bengal
|-
| [[Shadi Lal Batra]] || INC || 03/04/2012 || 02/04/2018 || 1 || Haryana
|-
| [[Indra Bhushan Beed]] || INC || 03/04/1952 || 02/04/1956 || 1 || West Bengal
|-
| [[Shashi Bhusan Behera]] || BJD || 02/07/2010 || 28/05/2014 || 1 || Odisha
|-
| [[B.D. Behring]] || JD || 10/04/1990 || 10/04/1990 || 1 ||R 10/04/1990
|-
| [[Bekal Utsahi]] || INC || 05/07/1986|| 04/07/1992 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Shyam Benegal]] || NOM || 16/02/2006 || 15/02/2012 || 1 || Maharashtra
|-
| [[Vidya Beniwal]] || JD || 10/04/1990 || 09/04/1996 || 1 || Haryana
|-
| [[A. W. Rabi Bernard]] || AIADMK || 19/07/2011 || 29/06/2016 || 1 || Tamil Nadu
|-
| [[Jamnalal Berwa]] || INC || 10/04/1972 || 09/04/1978 || 1 || Rajasthan
|-
| [[Hari Shankar Bhabhra]] || BJP || 10/04/1978 || 09/04/1984 || 1 || Rajasthan
|-
| [[Sarla Bhadauria]] || SSP || 03/04/1964 || 02/04/1970 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[M. V. Bhadram]] || CPI || 03/04/1966 || 02/04/1972 || 1 || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| [[Ganpat Hiralal Bhagat]] || IND || 03/04/1978 || 02/04/1984 || 1 || Maharashtra
|-
| [[B. C. Bhagawati]] || INC || 10/04/1972 || 09/04/1978 || 1 || Assam
|-
| [[Murlidhar Chandrakant Bhandare]] || INC || 30/06/1980 || 02/04/1982 || 1 || Maharashtra
|-
| [[Murlidhar Chandrakant Bhandare]] || INC || 03/04/1982 || 02/04/1988 || 2 || Maharashtra
|-
| [[Murlidhar Chandrakant Bhandare]] || INC || 03/04/1988 || 02/04/1994 || 3 || Maharashtra
|-
| [[Sunder Singh Bhandari]] || [[Jan Sangh|JS]] || 03/04/1966 || 02/04/1972 || 1 || Rajasthan
|-
| [[Sunder Singh Bhandari]] || JP || 03/04/1976 || 02/04/1982 || 2 || Rajasthan
|-
| [[Sunder Singh Bhandari]] || BJP || 05/07/1992 || 26/04/1998 || 3 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| Prof. [[Ram Deo Bhandary]] || JD || 08/07/1992 || 22/06/1998 || 1 || Bihar
|-
| Prof. [[Ram Deo Bhandary]] || RJD || 11/06/1998 || 04/09/2002 || 2 || Bihar
|-
| Prof. [[Ram Deo Bhandary]] || RJD || 10/04/2002 || 09/04/2008 || 3 || Bihar
|-
| [[Prafulla Chandra Bhanj Deo]] || SWP || 03/04/1952 || 02/04/1954 || 1 || Odisha
|-
| [[Prafulla Chandra Bhanj Deo]] || SWP || 03/04/1954 || 05/03/1959 || 2 || Odisha
|-
| [[Ramchandra Bharadwaj]] || INC || 07/07/1980 || 06/07/1986 || 1 || Bihar
|-
| [[K. Udayabhanu Bharathi]] || INC || 03/04/1954 || 02/04/1958 || 1 || Travancore Cochin
|-
| [[K. Udayabhanu Bharathi]] || INC || 03/04/1958 || 02/04/1964 || 2 || Travancore Cochin
|-
| [[R. S. Bharathi]] || DMK || 30/06/2016 || 29/06/2022 || 1 || Tamil Nadu
|-
| [[Hans Raj Bhardwaj]] || INC || 03/04/1982 || 02/04/1988 || 1 || Madhya Pradesh
|-
| [[Hans Raj Bhardwaj]] || INC || 03/04/1988 || 02/04/1994 || 2 || Madhya Pradesh
|-
| [[Hans Raj Bhardwaj]] || INC || 03/04/1994 || 02/04/2000 || 3 || Madhya Pradesh
|-
| [[Hans Raj Bhardwaj]] || INC || 03/04/2000 || 02/04/2006 || 4 || Madhya Pradesh
|-
| [[Hans Raj Bhardwaj]] || INC || 03/04/2006 || 29/06/2009 || 5 || Madhya Pradesh
|-
| [[Suresh Bhardwaj]] || BJP || 10/04/2002 || 09/01/2008 || 1 || Himachal Pradesh
|-
| [[Bhagwat Narain Bhargava]] || SSP || 03/04/1960 || 02/04/1966 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Mahabir Prasad Bhargava]] || INC || 13/12/1956 || 02/04/1958 || 1 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Mahabir Prasad Bhargava]] || INC || 03/04/1958 || 02/04/1964 || 2 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Mahabir Prasad Bhargava]] || INC || 03/04/1964 || 02/04/1970 || 3 || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| [[Sharda Bhargava]] || INC || 03/04/1952 || 02/04/1956 || 1 || Rajasthan
|-
| [[Sharda Bhargava]] || INC || 03/04/1956 || 02/04/1962 || 2 || Rajasthan
|-
| [[Sharda Bhargava]] || INC || 22/08/1963 || 02/04/1966 || 3 || Rajasthan
|-
| [[Shobhana Bhartia]] || NOM || 16/02/2006 || 15/02/2012 || 1 || Delhi
|-
| [[Misa Bharti]] || RJD || 08/07/2016 || 07/07/2022 || 1 || Bihar
|-
| [[Madan Bhatia]] || NOM || 27/09/1982 || 26/09/1988 || 1 || Delhi
|-
| [[Madan Bhatia]] || NOM || 25/11/1988 || 24/11/1994 || 2 || Delhi
|-
| [[Madan Bhatia]] || SP || 03/04/2006 || 02/04/2012 24/05/2010 || 1 || Delhi
|-
| [[K.G. Bhutia]] || [[Sikkim Democratic Front|SDF]] || 24/02/2000 || 23/02/2006 || 1 || SK D. 12/08/2000
|-

|-
|}

==C==

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name (Alphabetical Last Name) !!Party !! Date of Appointment !! Date of Retirement !! Term !! State
|-

|[[Satyavrat Chaturvedi]] ||INC || 03/04/2006 || 02/04/2012 || 1 || UT
|-

|}

==D==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name (Alphabetical Last Name) !!Party !! Date of Appointment !! Date of Retirement !! Term !! State
|-

|-
| Smt [[Jharna Das]] || CPM || 03/04/2010 || 02/04/2016 || 1 || TR
|-
| [[Khagen Das]] || CPM || 03/04/1998 || 02/04/2004 || 1 || TR R. 25/02/2002
|-
| [[Tarit Mohan Dasgupta]] || O || 03/04/1962 || 02/04/1968 || 1 || TR R. 02/03/1967
|-
|[[Manohar Kant Dhyani]] || BJP || 26/11/1996 ||25/11/2002 || 1 || UT fr 09/11/2000 (UP)

|-
|}

==E==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name (Alphabetical Last Name) !!Party !! Date of Appointment !! Date of Retirement !! Term !! State
|-

|-
| [[A. Elavarasan]] || INC || 25/07/2007 || 24/07/2013 || 1 || TN
|-

|-
|}

==F==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name (Alphabetical Last Name) !!Party !! Date of Appointment !! Date of Retirement !! Term !! State
|-

|-
| [[Faguni Ram]] || CONG (I) || 11/02/1985 || 02/04/1988 || 1 || BR
|-
| Faguni Ram || CONG (I) || 03/04/1988 || 02/04/1994 || 2 || BR
|-
| Faguni Ram || INC || 03/04/2000 || 02/04/2006 || 3 || BR
|-
| [[Eduardo Faleiro]] || INC || 29/07/1999 || 28/07/2005 || 1 || GA
|-
| [[Naznin Faruque]] || INC || 03/04/2010|| 02/04/2016 || 1 || AS
|-
| [[John F Fernandez]] || INC || 08/07/1987 || 07/07/1993 || 1 || GA
|-
| John F Fernandez || INC || 08/07/1993 || 07/07/1999 || 2 || GA
|-
| [[George Fernandes]] || JDU || 04/08/2009 || 07/07/2010 || 1 || BR
|-
| [[Oscar Fernandes]] || INC || 03/04/1998 || 02/04/2004 || 1 || KA
|-
| Oscar Fernandes || INC || 01/07/2004 || 30/06/2010 || 2 || KA
|-
| Oscar Fernandes || INC || 01/07/2010 || 30/06/2016 || 3 || KA
|-
| [[Makhan Lal Fotedar]] || INC || 09/05/1985 || 02/04/1990 || 1 || UP
|-
| Makhan Lal Fotedar || INC || 03/04/1990 || 02/04/1996 || 2 || UP
|-

|-
|}

==G==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name (Alphabetical Last Name) !!Party !! Date of Appointment !! Date of Retirement !! Term !! State
|-

|-
|[[Sangh Priya Gautam]] || BJP || 05/07/1998 || 04/07/2004 || 1 || UT fr 09/11/2000
|-

|-
| [[Palden Tsering Gyamtso]] || SDF || 22/09/2000 || 23/02/2006 || 1 || SK
|-

|}

==H==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name (alphabetical last name) !!Party !! Date of appointment !! Date of retirement !! Term !! Notes
|-
|-
| [[Hiphei]] || INC || 17/07/1996 || 16/07/2002 || 2nd || MZ
|-
| [[Hiphei]] || INC || 17/07/1990 || 16/07/1996 || 1 || MZ
|-

|-
|}

==I==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name (alphabetical last name) !!Party !! Date of appointment !! Date of retirement !! Term !! Notes
|-

|-
| [[T Aliba Imti]] || O || 03/04/1980 || 02/04/1986 || 1 || NL
|-

|}

==J==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name (alphabetical last name) !!Party !! Date of appointment !! Date of retirement !! Term !! Notes
|-
|-
| [[C Apok Jamir]] || INC || 03/04/1998 || 02/04/2004 || 1 || NL
|-

|-
| [[S. C. Jamir]] || INC || 02/07/1987 || 02/04/1992 || 1 || NL R.02/02/1989[[List of Chief Ministers of Nagaland|CM, NL]]
|-

|-
| [[Sandy Jardine]] || INC || 10/04/2002 || 09/04/2008 || 1 || MN
|-

|}

==K==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name (Alphabetical Last Name) !!Party !! Date of Appointment !! Date of Retirement !! Term !! State
|-

|-
| [[Narayan Kar]] || CPM || 03/04/1986 || 02/04/1992 || 1 || TR
|-
| [[K. G. Kenye]] || NPF || 03/04/2016 || 02/04/2022 || 1 || NL
|-

|-
| [[Rishang Keishing]] || INC || 10/04/2008 || 09/04/2014 || 2 || MN
|-
| [[Robert Kharshiing]] || NCP || 13/04/2002 || 12/04/2008 || 1 || MG
|-
|[[Bhagat Singh Koshyari]] ||BJP || 26/11/2008 || 25/11/2014 || 1 || UK R. [[16th Lok Sabha|16 LS]] 16/05/2014
|-

|-
|}

==L==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name (Alphabetical Last Name) !!Party !! Date of Appointment !! Date of Retirement !! Term !! State
|-

|-
| [[Lalbuaia]] || INC || 17/07/1972 || 16/07/1978 || 1 || MZ
|-
| [[Lalhming Liana]] || Mizo National Front || 19/07/2008 || 18/07/2014 || 2 || MZ
|-
| [[Lalhming Liana]] || Mizo National Front || 19/07/2002 || 18/07/2008 || 1 || MZ
|-
| [[Lalsawia]] || INC || 17/07/1978 || 16/07/1984 || 1 || MZ
|-

|-
| [[Khyomo Lotha]] || O || 04/03/1974 || 04/02/1980 || 1 || NL
|-
| [[Khyomo Lotha]] || INC || 08/06/1989 || 02/04/1992 || 2 || NL
|-
|-
|[[Hishey Lachungpa]] ||SDF|| 24/02/2012 || 23/02/2018 || 1 ||SK
|-
| [[O. T. Lepcha]] || SDF || 24/02/2006 || 23/02/2012 || 1 || SK
|-
|}

==M==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name (Alphabetical Last Name) !!Party !! Date of Appointment !! Date of Retirement !! Term !! State
|-
|-
| [[Sudhir Ranjan Majumdar]] || INC || 03/04/1992 || 02/04/1998 || 1 || MN
|-
| [[Arman Ali Munshi]] || O || 03/04/1952 || 02/04/1954 || 1 || MN & TR
|-

|-
| [[Deori Omem Moyong]] || INC || 27/05/1984 || 26/05/1990 || 1 || AR R. 19/03/1990
|-
| [[Mukut Mithi]] || INC || 27/05/2008 || 26/05/2014 || 1 || AR
|-
| [[Mukut Mithi]] || INC || 24/06/2014 || 23/06/2020 || 2 || AR
|-

|-
|}

==N==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name (Alphabetical Last Name) !!Party !! Date of Appointment !! Date of Retirement !! Term !! State
|-

|-
| [[Shantaram Naik]] || INC || 29/07/2005 || 28/07/2011 || 1 || GA
|-
| [[Shantaram Naik]] || INC || 29/07/2011 || 28/07/2017 || 2 || GA
|-
|-
| [[Yerra Narayanaswamy]] || INC || 03/04/1994 || 02/04/2000 || 1 || AP R. 21/10/1999
|-
|-
| [[Onward L Nongtdu]] || INC || 13/04/1996 || 12/04/2002 || 1 || MG
|-
| [[Yonggam Nyodek]] || INC || 27/05/1990 || 26/05/1996 || 1 || AR
|-

|-
|}

==O==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name (Alphabetical Last Name) !!Party !! Date of Appointment !! Date of Retirement !! Term !! State
|-

|-
| [[V. M. Obaidullah|V.M. Obaidullah Sahib]] || INC || 03/04/1952 || 02/04/1956 || 1 || TN
|-

|-
| [[Mohan Singh Oberoi]] || BKD || 03/04/1962 || 02/04/1968 || 1 || UP
|-
| [[Mohan Singh Oberoi]] || BKD || 03/04/1972 || 02/04/1978 || 2 || UP
|-

|-
| [[Nagendra Nath Ojha]] || CPI || 10/04/1996 || 09/04/2002 || 1 || BR
|-

|-
|Onkar Nath || INC || 03/04/1952 || 16/04/1955 || 1 || DL
|-
|Onkar Nath || INC || 24/11/1956 || 02/04/1960 || 2 || DL
|-

|-
|[[Ghanshyam Oza]] ||[[Janata Party]] || 10/04/1978 || 09/04/1984 || 1st || GJ
|-

|-
|}

==P==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name (Alphabetical Last Name) !!Party !! Date of Appointment !! Date of Retirement !! Term !! State
|-

|-
| [[Khamsum Namgyal Pulger]] || SSP || 20/10/1987 || 19/10/1993 || 1 || SK R.01/03/1988
|-

|}

==Q==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name (Alphabetical Last Name) !!Party !! Date of Appointment !! Date of Retirement !! Term !! State
|-

|-
| [[Sayyed Mir Qasim]] || INC || 29/07/1975 || 10/11/1978 || 1 || JK
|-

|-
| [[Mohammad Shafi Qureshi]] || O || 01/05/1965 || 30/04/1971 || 1 || JK R. 23/1/1971 E. LS
|-

|}

==R==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name (Alphabetical Last Name) !!Party !! Date of Appointment !! Date of Retirement !! Term !! State
|-

|-
|[[Harish Rawat]] ||INC || 26/11/2002 || 25/11/2008 || 1 || UT
|-

|-
| [[Nabam Rebia]] || INC || 27/05/2002 || 26/05/2008 || 2 || AR
|-
| [[Nabam Rebia]] || INC || 27/05/1996 || 26/05/2002 || 1 || AR
|-

|-
| Dr [[Faguni Ram]] || INC || 11/02/1985 || 02/04/1988 || 1 || BR R.11/03/1971
|-
| Dr [[Faguni Ram]] || INC|| 03/04/1988 || 02/04/1994 || 2 || BR
|-
| Dr [[Faguni Ram]] || INC || 03/04/2000 || 02/04/2006 || 3 || BR
|-

|-
| [[Kishori Ram]] || INC || 03/04/1952 || 02/04/1956 || 1 || BR
|-
| [[Kishori Ram]] || INC || 03/04/1956 || 02/04/1960 || 2 || BR D. 19/03/1960
|-

|-
| [[Motiur Rahman (politician)|Motiur Rahman]] || RJD || 08/07/2004 || 07/07/2010 || 1 || BR D. 18/12/2007
|-

|-
| [[Kum Kum Rai]] || RJD || 03/04/2000 || 02/04/2006 || 1 || BR
|-

|-
|}

==S==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name (Alphabetical Last Name) !!Party !! Date of Appointment !! Date of Retirement !! Term !! State
|-

|-
| [[Haji Abdul Salam]] || INC || 10/04/2014 || 09/04/2020 || 1 || MN D. 28/02/2017
|-
| [[Laimayum Lalit Madhob Sharma]] || INC || 01/12/1956 || 02/04/1960 || 1 || MN
|-
| [[Laimayum Lalit Madhob Sharma]] || INC || 03/04/1960 || 02/04/1966 || 2 || MN D. 02/11/1964
|-
| [[Bhabananda Singh]] || BJP || 25/05/2017 || 09/04/2020 || 1 || MN [[2017 Indian Rajya Sabha elections#Bye-elections|Bye-ele.]] D. of [[Haji Abdul Salam|Salam]]
|-
| [[Irengbam Tompok Singh]] || INC || 18/06/1974 || 09/04/1978 || 1 || MN By-ele. R.of [[Salam Tombi Singh|T Singh]]
|-
| [[Ng Tompok Singh]] || INC || 03/04/1954 || 02/04/1956 || 1 || MN & TR
|-
| [[Ng Tompok Singh]] || INC || 10/04/1978 || 09/04/1984 || 2 || MN
|-
| [[Raj Kumar Dorendra Singh]] || INC || 20/09/1988 || 09/04/1990 || 1 || MN R. 12/03/1990
|-
| [[R K Jaichandra Singh]] || INC || 10/04/1984 || 09/04/1990 || 1 || MN R. 12/07/1988
|-
| [[Salam Tombi Singh]] || O || 10/04/1972 || 09/04/1978 || 1 || MN R. 04/04/1974
|-
| [[Sinam Krishnamohan Singh]] || INC || 13/01/1965 || 02/04/1966 || 1 || MN
|-
| [[Sinam Krishnamohan Singh]] || INC || 10/04/1966 || 02/04/1972 || 1 || MN
|-
| [[W Angou Singh]] || INC || 10/04/1996 || 09/04/2002 || 1 || MN
|-
| [[W Kulabindu Singh]] || JD || 13/06/1990 || 09/04/1996 || 1 || MN Bye-ele.-R.[[B.D. Behring|Behring]]
|-

|-
| [[Thomas A. Sangma]] || NCP || 13/04/2008 || 12/04/2014 || 1 || MG R. 04/02/2013
|-
| [[Showaless K Shilla]] || O || 13/04/1972 || 12/04/1978 || 1 || MG
|-
| [[G. G. Swell]] || O || 13/04/1990 || 12/04/1996 || 1 || MG
|-
| Smt [[Wansuk Syiem]] || INC || 11/04/2013 || 12/04/2014 || 1 || MG R. of [[Thomas A. Sangma|TA Sangma]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Wansuk becomes first woman Rajya Sabha MP from Meghalaya|url=http://www.meghalayatimes.info/index.php/front-page/19067-wansuk-becomes-first-woman-rajya-sabha-mp-from-meghalaya|access-date=18 August 2017}}</ref>
|-
| Smt [[Wansuk Syiem]] || INC || 13/04/2014 || 12/04/2020 || 2 || MG
|-

|-
| [[Hokishe Sema]] || INC || 03/04/1986 || 02/04/1992 || 1 || NL R.04/05/1987 [[List of Chief Ministers of Nagaland|CM, NG]]
|-

|-
| [[Leonard Soloman Saring]] || INC || 20/10/1975 || 19/10/1981 || 1 || SK
|-
| [[Leonard Soloman Saring]] || INC || 20/10/1981 || 19/10/1987 || '2 || SK
|-

|-
| [[Matilal Sarkar]] || CPM || 22/05/2002 || 02/04/2004 || 1 || TR
|-
| [[Matilal Sarkar]] || CPM || 03/04/2004 || 02/04/2010 || 2 || TR
|-
| Dr [[Triguna Sen]] || INC || 27/04/1967 || 02/04/1968 || 1 || TR
|-
| Dr [[Triguna Sen]] || INC || 03/04/1968 || 02/04/1974 || 2 || TR
|-
| [[Ng Tompok Singh]] || INC || 03/04/1954 || 02/04/1956 || 1 || MN & TR
|-
| [[Ng Tompok Singh]] || INC || 10/04/1978 || 09/04/1984 || 2 || MN
|-

|-
| [[C. Silvera]] || INC || 17/07/1984 || 16/07/1990 || 1 || MZ R 28/11/1989
|-

|[[Manorama Dobriyal Sharma]] || INC || 26/11/2014 || 25/11/2020 || 1 || UK D. 18/02/2015
|-
|[[Satish Sharma]] ||INC ||05/07/2004 || 04/07/2010 || 1 || UT
|-
|[[Sushma Swaraj]] ||BJP ||03/04/2000 || 02/04/2006 || 1 || UT fr 09/11/2000
|-

|}

==T==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name (Alphabetical Last Name) !!Party !! Date of Appointment !! Date of Retirement !! Term !! State
|-

|-
| [[Ratan Tama]] || INC || 27/05/1978 || 26/05/1984 || 1 || AR
|-

|-
| [[Jerlie E Tariang]] || INC || 13/04/1984 || 12/04/1990 || 1 || MG
|-
| [[Vinay Tendulkar]] || BJP || 29/07/2017 || 28/07/2023 || 1 || GA
|-

|-
| [[Karma Topden]] || Others || 30/03/1988 || 19/10/1993 || 1 || SK
|-
| [[Karma Topden]] || Others || 24/02/1994 || 23/02/2000 || 2 || SK
|-

|}

==U==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name (Alphabetical Last Name) !!Party !! Date of Appointment !! Date of Retirement !! Term !! State
|-

|-
| [[Sampatiya Uike]] || BJP || 01/08/2017 || 29/06/2022 || 1 || MP [[2017 Indian Rajya Sabha elections#Bye-elections|Bye-ele]] D of [[Anil Madhav Dave|Anil Dave]]
|-
| [[Anusuiya Uikey]] || BJP || 03/04/2006 || 02/04/2012 || 1 || MP
|-
| [[Shiv Dutt Upadhyaya]] || INC || 31/03/1967 || 02/04/1970 || 1 || MP
|-

|-
| [[Shah Mohamad Umair]] || INC || 03/04/1956 || 02/04/1962 || 1 || BR
|-

|-
| [[Gulam Nabi Untoo]] || INC || 11/11/1966 || 10/11/1972 || 1 || JK
|-

|-
| [[P. Upendra]] || TDP || 09/04/1984 || 09/04/1990 || 1 || AP
|-
| [[P. Upendra]] || TDP || 10/04/1990 || 09/04/1996 || 2 || AP
|-

|}

==V==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name (Alphabetical Last Name) !!Party !! Date of Appointment !! Date of Retirement !! Term !! State
|-

|-
| [[Melhupra Vero]] || INC || 18/03/1964 || 02/04/1968 || 1 || NL
|-
| [[Melhupra Vero]] || INC || 03/04/1968 || 02/04/1974 || 2 || NL R. 02/03/1974
|-
| [[Vizol]] || O || 03/04/1992 || 02/04/1998 || 1 || NL
|-

|[[Tarun Vijay]] ||BJP || 05/07/2010 || 04/07/2016 || 1 || UT
|-

|}

==W==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name (Alphabetical Last Name) !!Party !! Date of Appointment !! Date of Retirement !! Term !! State
|-
| [[Ardeshir Ruttonji Wadia]] || NOM|| 03/04/1954 || 02/04/1960 || 1 || NOM
|-
| [[Ardeshir Ruttonji Wadia]] || NOM|| 03/04/1960 || 02/04/1966 || 2 || NOM
|-

|-
| [[Sikandar Ali Wajd]] || INC || 03/04/1972 || 02/04/1978 || 1 || MH
|-

|-
| [[Bhargavram Vitthal Warerkar]] || NOM|| 03/04/1956 || 02/04/1962 || 1 || NOM
|-
| [[Bhargavram Vitthal Warerkar]] || NOM|| 03/04/1962|| 02/04/1968 || 1 || NOM D. 24-9-1964
|-

|-
| [[Prakanta Warisa]] || ASDC || 10/04/1996 || 09/04/2002 || 1 || AS
|-

|-
| [[Alexander Warjri]] || Ind || 13/04/1978 || 12/04/1984 || 1 || MG
|-

|-
| [[Tharagatury John Moses Wilson]] || INC || 07/07/1955 || 02/04/1958 || 1 || AP
|-

|-
|}

==X==

''No member''

==Y==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name (Alphabetical Last Name) !!Party !! Date of Appointment !! Date of Retirement !! Term !! State
|-

|-
| [[Hukmdev Narayan Yadav]]|| BJP || 07/07/1980 || 06/07/1986 || 1 || BR
|-
| [[Jagdambi Prasad Yadav]] || BJP || 03/04/1968 || 02/04/1974 || 1 || BR
|-
| [[Jagdambi Prasad Yadav]] || BJP || 03/04/1982 || 02/04/1988 || 2 || BR
|-
| [[Janardan Yadav]] || BJP || 10/04/1994 || 09/04/2000 || 1 || BR
|-
| [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]] || RJD || 10/04/2002 || 09/04/2008 || 1 ||BR Res.-13/05/2004
|-
| [[Naresh Rajeshwar Yadav]] || RJD || 03/04/1994 || 02/04/2000|| 1 || BR
|-
| [[Ram Kripal Yadav]] || BJP || 08/07/2010 || 07/07/2016 || 1 || BR Res. [[16th Lok Sabha|16 LS]]16 LS
|-
| [[Ramanand Yadav]] || INC || 03/04/1976 || 02/04/1982 || 1 || BR
|-
| [[Ramanand Yadav]] || INC || 03/04/1982 || 02/04/1988 || 2 || BR
|-
| Dr [[Ramendra Kumar Yadav]] Ravi || [[Janata Dal]] || 08/07/1992 || 07/07/1998 ||| 1 || BR
|-
| Dr [[Ramendra Kumar Yadav]] Ravi || RJD || 08/07/1998 || 07/07/2004 ||| 2 || BR
|-
| [[Ranjan Prasad Yadav]] || [[Janata Dal]] || 10/04/1990 || 09/04/1996 || 1 || BR
|-
| [[Ranjan Prasad Yadav]] || RJD || 10/04/1996 || 09/04/2002 || 2 || BR
|-
| [[Sharad Yadav]] || JDU || 13/06/2014 || 07/07/2016 ||| 1 || BR
|-
| [[Sharad Yadav]] || JDU || 08/07/2016 || 07/07/2022||| 2 || BR
|-
| [[Subhash Prasad Yadav]] || RJD || 08/07/2004 || 07/07/2010 || 1 || BH
|-
| [[Vijay Singh Yadav]] || RJD || 03/04/2000 || 02/04/2006 || 1 || BH
|-

|-
| [[Balram Singh Yadav]] || INC || 03/04/1990 || 02/04/1996 || 1 || UP
|-
| [[Chandrapal Singh Yadav]] || SP || 26/11/2014 || 25/11/2020 || 1 || UP
|-
| [[Darshan Singh Yadav]] || SP || 03/04/2012 || 02/04/2018 || 1 || UP
|-
| [[Dharam Pal Yadav]] || Ind. || 05/07/1998 || 04/07/2004 || 1 || UP
|-
| [[Chaudhary Harmohan Singh Yadav]] || JD || 03/04/1990 || 02/04/1996 || 1 || UP
|-
| [[Chaudhary Harmohan Singh Yadav]] || [[Nominated]] || 27/08/1997 || 26/08/2003 || ''2'' || UP R.26/08/2003
|-
| [[Ish Dutt Yadav]] || SP || 03/04/1994 || 02/04/2000 || ''2'' || UP (D. 19/09/1999)
|-
| [[Nand Kishore Yadav (SP)|Nand Kishore Yadav]] || SP || 05/07/2004 || 04/07/2010 || 1 || UP
|-
| Prof [[Ram Gopal Yadav]] || SP || 26/11/2014 || 25/11/2020 || ''4'' || UP
|-
| [[Ram Naresh Yadav]] || INC || 20/06/1989 || 02/04/1994 || ''2'' || UP
|-
| [[Ram Naresh Yadav]] || JD || 03/04/1988 || 02/04/1994 || 1 || UP (R. 12/04/1989)
|-
| [[Shyamlal Yadav]] || INC || 03/04/1982 || 02/04/1988 || ''3'' || UP (R. 29/12/1984)
|-
|-
| [[Sheel Bhadra Yajee]]||INC|| 27/04/1957 || 02/04/1958 || 1 || BR
|-
| [[Sheel Bhadra Yajee]]||INC|| 03/04/1958 || 02/04/1964 || 2 || BR
|-
| [[Sheel Bhadra Yajee]]||INC|| 03/04/1964 || 02/04/1970 || 3 || BR
|-

|-
|}

==Z==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name (Alphabetical Last Name) !!Party !! Date of Appointment !! Date of Retirement !! Term !! State
|-

|-
| [[Khan Gufran Zahidi]] || INC || 05/07/1998 || 04/07/2004 || ''2'' || UP
|-
| [[Bashir Hussain Zaidi]] || INC || 03/04/1964 || 02/04/1970 || ''2'' || UP
|-
| Dr [[Rafiq Zakaria]] || INC || 03/04/1978 || 02/04/1984 || 1 || MH
|-
| Gyani [[Zail Singh]] || INC || 03/04/1956 || 02/04/1962 || 1 || PB R. 10/03/1962
|-
| [[Hussain Zakir]] || INC || 03/04/1956 || 02/04/1962 || ''2'' || NOM. R. 06/07/1957
|-
| [[Hussain Zawar]] || INC || 20/12/1975 || 09/04/1978 || 1 || BR
|-
| [[T. R. Zeliang]] || NPF || 03/04/2004 || 02/04/2010 || 1 || NG R 24/03/2008
|-
| [[H. Khekiho Zhimomi]] || NPF || 03/04/2010 || 02/04/2016 || 1 ||NG D 26/11/2015
|-

|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajya Sabha members (alphabetical)}}
[[Category:Lists of members of the Rajya Sabha| ]]
[[Category:Alphabetic lists]]

Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and other Subsidies, benefits and services) Act, 2016

2022-06-23T18:43:46Z

Ds Abhishek: Shared an engaging piece.

#REDIRECT [[Aadhaar Act, 2016]]

{{R from move}}

Nau Nihal Singh

2022-05-29T16:32:07Z

Ds Abhishek: Contributed a new entry to the website.

{{Short description|Third Maharaja of Sikh Empire from 1839–1840}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Nau Nihal Singh
| image = Nau Nihal Singh.jpg
| caption = Nau Nihal Singh in court<ref name="cia">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/pakistan/ "Pakistan"] The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency.</ref>
| succession = 3rd [[Maharaja]] of the [[Sikh Empire]]
| reign = 8 October 1839 – 5 November 1840
| birth_date = 11 February 1821
| birth_place = [[Lahore]], [[Sikh Empire]] {{small|(present-day [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]])}}
| death_date = {{death-date and age|5 November 1840|9 March 1821}}
| death_place = [[Lahore]], [[Sikh Empire]] {{small|(present-day [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]])}}
| predecessor = [[Kharak Singh]]
| successor = [[Chand Kaur]]
| spouse = [[Nanaki Kaur Atariwala]]
<ref name=eos>{{cite web |url=http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/index.aspx
| title=KHAṚAK SIṄGH MAHĀRĀJĀ (1801–1840) |last=Āhlūwālīā |first=M. L.
| website=Encyclopaedia of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University Patiala
| access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref>
| spouse-type = Consort
| spouses = [[Sahib Kaur|Sahib Kaur Gilwaliwala]] Bhadauran Kanwar Katochan Kanwar
| occupation =
| religion = [[Sikhism]]
| house = [[Sukerchakia]]
| father = [[Kharak Singh]]
| mother = [[Chand Kaur]]
| issue = [[Prince|Shahzada]] Jawahar Singh
 [[Prince|Shahzada]] Bhagwan Singh (adopted)
| title = [[Maharaja]] of [[Punjab]] [[Maharaja]] of [[Lahore]] Kaukab-i-Iqbal-i-Punjab Sarkar-i-Wallah<ref>{{Cite book|last=Suri.|first=Sohan Lal|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/163394684|title=Umdat-ut-tawarikh ['Umdat at-tawārīh, engl.] An outstanding original source of Panjab history by Lala Sohan Lal Suri.|oclc=163394684}}</ref> Sarkar Khalsaji<ref>{{Cite book|last=Suri.|first=Sohan Lal|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/163394684|title=Umdat-ut-tawarikh ['Umdat at-tawārīh, engl.] An outstanding original source of Panjab history by Lala Sohan Lal Suri.|oclc=163394684}}</ref>
}}
'''Kunwar Nau Nihal Singh''' (9 March 1821 – 5 November 1840) was the third [[Maharaja]] of the [[Sikh Empire]]. He was the only son of [[Maharaja Kharak Singh]] and his consort, [[Chand Kaur|Maharani Chand Kaur]]. He was known as '''Yuvraj Kunwar Nau Nihal Singh'''. He was also known as''' Bhanwar Singh''' or''' Bhanwar Sa''' or''' Kunwar Sa''' means Respected Young Prince. ''Bhawar'' means '''Son of Kunwar''' or''' Son of Thakur'''. His reign began with the dethronement of his father [[Kharak Singh|Maharaja Kharak Singh]] and ended with his death at the age of 19 on the day of his father's funeral.<ref>R. C. Dogra, Gobind Singh Mansukhani, Encyclopaedia of Sikh Religion and Culture, Vikas Publishing House, 1995</ref>{{page needed}}

==Early life==
[[File:Oil painting of Maharaja Nau Nihal Singh displayed in the Lahore Museum.jpg|thumb|Oil painting of Maharaja Nau Nihal Singh in childhood displayed in the Lahore Museum]]
Nau Nihal Singh was born on February 11, 1821, to [[Crown prince|Yuvraj]] Kharak Singh and his first wife, Chand Kaur. He was the grandson of [[Sher-e-Punjab|Sher-e-Punjab Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] and [[Datar Kaur|Maharani Datar Kaur]] of the [[Nakai Misl]], he grew up very close to his grandparents. His father was the [[heir]] of his grandfather- thus making him second in [[line of succession]] to the throne of [[Sikh Empire|Punjab]].

In April 1837 at the age of sixteen he was married to [[Nanaki Kaur Atariwala|Bibi Nanaki Kaur Atariwala]], daughter [[Sham Singh Attariwala]] (1790–1846) of the village of [[Attari]] in Amritsar district of Punjab. She was the only wife to hold the title of Maharani, she died in 1856. His wedding was planned by his grandmother, [[Datar Kaur]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Atwal|first=Priya|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LPcTEAAAQBAJ&q=royals+and+rebels|title=Royals and Rebels: The Rise and Fall of the Sikh Empire|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-756694-7|language=en}}</ref> The occasion was marked by a display of extraordinary splendour and lavishness. He was secondly, married to [[Sahib Kaur|Sahib Kaur Gilwaliwala]], daughter of Sardar Gurdit Singh Gilwaliwala, of Amritsar she died in 1841 after giving birth to their stillborn son, posthumously. His third marriage was to Bhadauran Kanwar Sahiba, daughter of a Sardar of Bhadaur. His last wife was Katochan Sahiba, daughter of Mian Rai Singh, of Lambagraon. His last two wives committed [[Sati (practice)|Sati]] in Lahore on 6 November 1840 on his funeral.<ref>{{Cite book|last=L.|first=M'Gregor, W.|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/162560191|title=The history of the Sikhs.|publisher=Jam. Madden|oclc=162560191}}</ref>

== Early military campaigns and administration ==
[[File:Painting of Maharaja Kharak Singh (right) with his son Nau Nihal Singh (left).jpg|thumb|Painting of Maharaja Kharak Singh (right) with his son Nau Nihal Singh (left)]]
Like his father, he was brought him up in his family's martial tradition and assigned to a variety of military expeditions. At the age of 13 in 1834 he participated in the Peshawar campaign. He was then appointed to administer the country in the Attock region. The same year, the province of Peshawar was farmed out to him for an annual payment of Rs 12,00,000. In 1835, he suppressed a revolt in the Derajat and Torik.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=PREM NARAYAN SINGH|first1=PREM NARAYAN SINGH|last2=NITYANAND SINGH|first2=NITYANAND SINGH|title=ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS AND SYNTHESIS OF 2,4-DIMETHYL-7,8-BENZOQUINOLINE|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.197506268|journal=Chemischer Informationsdienst|volume=6|issue=6|pages=no|doi=10.1002/chin.197506268|issn=0009-2975}}</ref>

In 1836, he accompanied his father to the borders of Sindh to confront the Talpurian amirs. He took part in the operations of the Khyber in April 1839, he commanded a Sikh army which proceeded to Peshawar to assist Colonel Wade`s contingent on its march from [[Punjab]] to [[Kabul]] across the [[Khyber Pass]].<ref>{{Citation|last=OSBORNE|first=W. G.|title=The Court and Camp of Runjeet Sing (1840)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1198wp5.8|work=The First Anglo-Afghan Wars|pages=35–38|publisher=Duke University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv1198wp5.8|access-date=2021-10-10}}</ref>

In 1837 he was awarded with ''Kaukab-i-Iqbal-i-Punjab'' by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Upon his father's ascension he became the Tikka Kanwar ([[Crown prince]]) of [[Sikh Empire|''Sarkār-ē-Khālsā'']]. Nau Nihal was raised outside the court politics at [[Lahore]] however at the age of eighteen, and forced by his father's incapacity he returned to Lahore. He was instructed to govern in the name of his father under the direction of the vizier, [[Dhian Singh|Dhian Singh Dogra]]. When Kharak Singh became gravely ill, the court physician [[Johann Martin Honigberger]] noted that despite his father begging him to see him every day, Nau Nihal rarely visited his father.{{sfn|William Dalrymple|Anita Anand|2016}}

== Death ==
[[File:Nau Nihal Singh's haveli, now Victoria Girls High School, Lahore.jpg|left|upright|thumb|The [[Haveli of Nau Nihal Singh]] is located in [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]].]]

Nau Nihal was popular with the royal courtiers and the general public, and was seen as a worthy successor to his father during the latter's sickness. After Kharak Singh died on 5 November 1840, Nau Nihal performed his last rites beside the [[Ravi River]] in Lahore. After the ceremony, he started returning to the palace via the [[Hazuri Bagh]], where a massive block of stone from a gate fell upon him and two of his companions.{{sfn|William Dalrymple|Anita Anand|2017|p=110}} One of the companions - Udham Singh (nephew of Dhian Singh)- broke his neck and died on the spot.

According to [[Alexander Gardner (soldier)|Alexander Gardner]], who was just steps behind Nau Nihal when the incident took place, the prince had sustained only minor injuries during this episode: he was well enough to walk on his own, and agreed to be taken on a stretcher only because of Gardner's insistence.{{sfn|William Dalrymple|Anita Anand|2017|p=111}} However, when the court physician [[Johann Martin Honigberger]] came to attend Nau Nihal in a tent, he observed that the prince's skull had been crushed, and the bedsheet was covered with blood and brain tissue.{{sfn|William Dalrymple|Anita Anand|2017|pp=110-111}} Dhian Singh insisted that the prince had suffered these injuries during the alleged accident in Hazuri Bagh. Nau Nihal died hours later, although the courtiers did not make this news public until three days later in an attempt to avoid panic.{{sfn|William Dalrymple|Anita Anand|2017|p=111}} According to Gardner, five artillery men had carried Nau Nihal from Hazuri Bagh to the tent: two of these men died under mysterious circumstances, two went on leave and never re-joined the service, and one disappeared without explanation.{{sfn|William Dalrymple|Anita Anand|2017|p=111}}L.H. Griffin in The Punjab Chiefs says,"The only reason for the mystery which shrouded the death-bed of the Prince, was the necessity which Dhyan Singh felt for keeping the fatal news from being generally known until the arrival of Sher Singh. If there had been an organised plot, the Raja would have taken care that Sher Singh should have been present in Lahore at the time of the catastrophe. The absence of Sher Singh proves the innocence of the Raja (Dhian Singh)".

The contemporary English political correspondence, which details even the most insignificant happenings at the Darbar, makes no references to any suspicion entertained in any quarters regarding the Jammu Rajas. It has been asserted that as far as contemporary European writers go, it was their studied policy to denounce the Jammu Rajas, especially Dhian Singh, because of his anti-European attitude which he had consistently maintained throughout his career. On enquiry into the matter of the 'accident', J.M. Honigberger found "more reason to suppose that the partisans of Kurruck Singh and Chet Singh were the authors of this plot against the prince, as he had intended to ask them for an account of their perfidious behaviour during his father's long illness... He (the prince) to order seven of their houses to be closed and inquiries to be made".<ref>Honigberger, Thirty Five Years in the East, vol. 1, p. 105.</ref>

Nau Nihal was cremated on 6 November 1840 at the age of 19. His mother [[Chand Kaur|Maharani Chand Kaur]] became the Empress of Sikh Empire assuming the title Malika Muqaddasa (immaculate empress). She was killed by poisoning her food on 11 June 1842.{{sfn|William Dalrymple|Anita Anand|2017|p=112}}

==Succession==

After Nau Nihal's death, a court faction proclaimed his uncle [[Sher Singh]] as the rightful heir, while another declared his mother [[Chand Kaur]] as the ruler. The faction supporting Chand Kaur hoped that Nau Nihal's pregnant wife would give birth to a son.{{sfn|William Dalrymple|Anita Anand|p=114}} However, the widow gave birth to a stillborn baby six months later, and Sher Singh besieged Lahore with a 70,000-strong army. Ultimately, Chand Kaur agreed to acknowledge Sher Singh's claim to the throne in return for a generous settlement and safe passage, and Sher Singh was crowned on 18 January 1841.{{sfn|William Dalrymple|Anita Anand|p=115}} A few months later, on 11 June 1842, Chand Kaur's maids killed her by crushing her skull, just like her son had died. While being punished by Prime Minister Dhian Singh, they insisted that they had killed Chand Kaur on Sher Singh's orders.{{sfn|William Dalrymple|Anita Anand|pp=115-116}}

Nau Nihal Singh had ordered the construction of a bunga (tower) in the complex of Tarn Taran Sahib, one of the Holiest Sikh Shrines in the Majha Region of Punjab Kingdom.{{citation needed}}

==Child adoptions==
When Nau Nihal Singh was declared as [[Maharaja]] of [[Sikh Empire]], he adopted his cousin's son, Bhagwan Singh from the [[Kanhaiya Misl]]. {{citation needed}}<ref>{{Cite book|author=Atwal, Priya|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1256081616|title=Royals and rebels : the rise and fall of the Sikh empire|year=2020 |isbn=978-0-19-755459-3|oclc=1256081616}}</ref>

His second wife, Sahib Kaur was pregnant at the time of his death and posthumously gave birth to their son, Jawahar Singh who was a stillborn. It is alleged that she was poised with the motive of terminating her pregnancy.<ref>{{Cite conference|last1=Dutta|first1=Paromita|last2=Lal|first2=Sohan|last3=Pandey|first3=Sudhir K.|title=Calculation of effective Coulomb interaction in PrCoO3|conference=Dae Solid State Physics Symposium 2017|series=AIP Conference Proceedings|volume=1942|issue=1|page=090017|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5028932|publisher=Author(s)|doi=10.1063/1.5028932|bibcode=2018AIPC.1942i0017D}}</ref> Sohan Lal Suri claimed that [[Sher Singh]] gave the wives of Nau Nihal Singh medicines to terminate their pregnancies.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Atwal, Priya|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1256081616|title=Royals and rebels : the rise and fall of the Sikh empire|year=2020 |isbn=978-0-19-755459-3|oclc=1256081616}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Suri|first=Sohan Lal|title=Umdat Ul Tawarikh}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author1=William Dalrymple |author2=Anita Anand |title=Kohinoor: The Story of the World's Most Infamous Diamond |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EoJoDwAAQBAJ |year=2016 |publisher=Juggernaut |isbn=978-93-86228-08-6 }}
{{refend}}
* Gulabnama: A history of Maharaja Gulab Singh of Jammu & Kashmir-Diwan Kripa Ram;Sukhdev Singh Charak;Anita Charak Billawria
{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| title = Ruler of the [[Sikh Empire]]
| years = 8 October 1839 – 6 November 1840
| before = [[Kharak Singh]]
| after = [[Chand Kaur]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Nau Nihal}}
[[Category:1821 births]]
[[Category:1840 deaths]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Indian Sikhs]]
[[Category:Sikh emperors|Nau Nihal Singh]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:People from Lahore]]

Maharaja Ranjit Singh

2022-05-22T10:34:23Z

Ds Abhishek: Article formulated.

#REDIRECT [[Ranjit Singh]]

Savitri Devi

2022-04-12T13:36:09Z

Ds Abhishek: Created a fresh page structure.

{{Short description|Greek-French fascist writer (1905–1982)}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Use Indian English}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Savitri Devi Mukherji
| other_names =
| image = Savitri Devi, circa 1937.jpg
| caption = Devi in 1937
| birth_name = Maximiani Julia Portas
| birth_date = 30 September 1905
| birth_place = [[Lyon]], [[French Third Republic|France]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|10|22|1905|09|30|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Sible Hedingham]], [[Essex]], UK
| citizenship = [[French nationality law|France]] (1905–1928; renounced) [[Greek nationality law|Greece]] (1928–1982; death)
| education = [[University of Lyon]] ([[PhD]], [[Master of Science|MS]], [[Masters of Philosophy|MPhil]])
| occupation = Teacher, author, political activist, spy
| title =
| party =
| boards =
| spouse = [[Asit Krishna Mukherji]]
| partner =
| children =
| relations =
| website =
| module = {{Infobox spy|embed=yes
| name =
| nickname =
| image =
| caption =
| allegiance = {{Flagicon|Nazi Germany}} [[Nazi Germany]]
| service = [[Sicherheitsdienst]]
| serviceyears = 1941–1945
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =
| height =
| children =
| occupation =
| alma_mater =
| signature =
| honorific_suffix =
}}
| footnotes =
| employer =
| notable_works = ''The Lightning and the Sun'' ''Impeachment of Man" ''Defiance" ''Gold in the Furnace: Experiences in Post-War Germany'' ''Forever and Ever: Devotional Poem'' 
}}

'''Savitri Devi Mukherji'''{{efn|[[Hindi language|Hindi]]: सावित्री देवी मुखेर्जी}} (born '''Maximiani Julia Portas''', {{IPA-fr|mak.si.mja.ni pɔʁ.tɑ|lang}}; 30 September 1905 – 22 October 1982) was a [[Greeks in France|French-born Greek]] [[fascist]], [[Nazi]] sympathizer, and [[spy]] who served the [[Axis powers]] by committing acts of espionage against the [[Allies of World War II|Allied forces]] in India.<ref name=HP /><ref name="Black Sun">{{cite book|last=Goodrick-Clarke|first=Nicholas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xaiaM77s6N4C|title=Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism, and the Politics of Identity|publisher=[[New York University Press]]|year=2003|isbn=0-8147-3155-4|pages=57, 88|oclc=47665567|authorlink=Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke}}</ref><ref name=TN /> She was later a leading member of the [[Neo-Nazism|Neo-Nazi]] underground during the 1960s.<ref name=HP/><ref name=TN/><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=n9eHG2sqrXUC "Politics and the Occult: The Left, the Right, and the Radically Unseen"], Gary Lachman. Quest Books, 2008. {{ISBN|0-8356-0857-3}}, {{ISBN|978-0-8356-0857-2}}. p. 257</ref>

Savitri was a proponent of a synthesis of [[Hinduism]] and Nazism, proclaiming [[Adolf Hitler]] to have been an [[avatar]] of the Hindu god [[Vishnu]].<ref>{{cite news| title=Writings of French Hindu who worshipped Hitler as an avatar of Vishnu are inspiring the US alt-right | url=https://scroll.in/article/823142/writings-of-french-hindu-who-worshipped-hitler-as-an-avatar-of-vishnu-are-inspiring-the-us-alt-right | last=Smith|first=Blake|work=Scroll.in}}</ref> She depicted Hitler as a sacrifice for humanity that would lead to the end of the worst World Age, the [[Kali Yuga]], which she believed was induced by the Jews, whom she saw as the powers of evil.<ref name=TN>[https://books.google.com/books?id=xAmMNnJlfnoC "The new encyclopedia of the occult"], John Michael Greer. Llewellyn Worldwide, 2003. {{ISBN|1-56718-336-0}}, {{ISBN|978-1-56718-336-8}}. p. 130–131</ref>

Her writings have influenced [[neo-Nazism]] and [[Nazi occultism]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=FIwwWSSL5JIC "Gods of the blood: the pagan revival and white separatism"], Mattias Gardell. Duke University Press, 2003. {{ISBN|0-8223-3071-7}}, {{ISBN|978-0-8223-3071-4}}. p. 183</ref> Rejecting [[Judaism]] and [[Christianity]], she believed in a form of [[pantheistic]] [[monism]], a single cosmos of nature composed of divine energy-matter.<ref name=CF>[https://books.google.com/books?id=SJDZePkmGRcC "Christ, Faith, and the Holocaust"], Richard Terrell. WestBow Press, 2011. {{ISBN|1-4497-0912-5}}, {{ISBN|978-1-4497-0912-9}}. p. 70-71</ref> Within neo-Nazism, she promoted [[occultism]], [[ecology]],<ref>[[Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke]] (1998). ''[[Hitler's Priestess]]: Savitri Devi, the Hindu-Aryan Myth, and Neo-Nazism''. NY: New York University Press, {{ISBN|0-8147-3110-4}}</ref> and the [[New Age]] movement, and more contemporaneously, she has influenced the [[alt-right]].<ref name="Influence on the Alt-right">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-41757047 |title=Savitri Devi: The mystical fascist being resurrected by the alt-right |website=BBC Magazine |access-date=29 October 2017}}</ref> She also influenced the Chilean diplomat [[Miguel Serrano]]. In 1982, [[Franco Freda]] published a German translation of her work ''Gold in the Furnace'', and the fourth volume of his annual review, ''Risguardo'' (1980–), was devoted to Savitri Devi as the "missionary of Aryan [[Paganism]]".<ref name=HP>[https://books.google.com/books?id=m6-5YC-pBk4C "Hitler's Priestess: Savitri Devi, the Hindu-Aryan Myth, and Neo-Nazism"], Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke. NYU Press, 2000. {{ISBN|0-8147-3111-2}}, {{ISBN|978-0-8147-3111-6}}. pp. 6, 42–44, 104, 130–148, 179, 222</ref>

Savitri was an associate in the post-war years of [[Françoise Dior]],<ref name=BS /> [[Otto Skorzeny]],<ref name=BS>[https://books.google.com/books?id=xaiaM77s6N4C "Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism, and the Politics of Identity"], Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke. NYU Press, 2003. {{ISBN|0-8147-3155-4}}, {{ISBN|978-0-8147-3155-0}}. p. 97–106</ref> [[Johann von Leers]],<ref name=BS /> and [[Hans-Ulrich Rudel]].<ref name=BS /> She was also one of the founding members of the [[World Union of National Socialists]].<ref name="Black Sun"/>

==Early years==
Born as '''Maximiani Julia Portas''' in 1905 in [[Lyon]],<ref name=TN/> Savitri Devi was the daughter of Maxim Portas, a French citizen of [[Greeks|Greek]] descent and an English woman of [[Italians|Italian]] descent, Julia Portas (née Nash). Maximine Portas was born two and a half months [[Premature birth|premature]], weighing only {{convert|930|g|lboz|frac=8}}{{citation needed}}, and was not at first expected to live. She formed her political views early. From childhood and throughout her life, she was a passionate advocate for [[animal rights]]. Her earliest political affiliations were with [[Greek nationalism]].<ref name="Black Sun"/>

Portas studied philosophy and chemistry, earning two [[master's degree]]s and a [[PhD]] in philosophy from the [[University of Lyon]].<ref name=TN /> She next traveled to Greece, and surveyed the legendary ruins. Here, she became familiar with [[Heinrich Schliemann]]'s discovery of [[swastika]]s in [[Anatolia]]. Her conclusion was that the [[Ancient Greeks]] were [[Aryan race|Aryan]] in origin. Her first two books were her [[doctoral dissertation]]s: ''Essai-critique sur Théophile Kaïris'' (''Critical Essay on [[Theophilos Kairis]]'') (Lyon: Maximine Portas, 1935) and ''La simplicité mathématique'' (''Mathematical Simplicity'') (Lyon: Maximine Portas, 1935).

===Nazism===
In early 1928, she renounced her French citizenship and acquired [[Greek nationality law|Greek nationality]]. Joining a [[pilgrimage]] to [[Mandatory Palestine|Palestine]] during [[Lent]] in 1929, Portas decided that she was a [[Nazism|Nazi]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Goodrick-Clarke |first1=Nicholas |title=Hitler's Priestess: Savitri Devi, the Hindu-Aryan Myth, and Neo-Nazism |publisher=NYU Press |isbn=9780814731116}}</ref>

In 1932, she traveled to India in search of a living [[Paganism|pagan]] Aryan culture, believing that the country represented "the best of [[racial segregation]]."<ref name="segregation">{{Cite web |url=http://www.familyhaven.com/books/devi.html |title=Hitler's Priestess (Book Review) |website=FamilyHaven |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041009225200/http://www.familyhaven.com/books/devi.html |access-date=9 October 2004|archive-date=9 October 2004 }}</ref> Formally adhering to [[Hinduism]], she took the name '''Savitri Devi''' ([[Hindi]]: सावित्री देवी; which means "Sun-rays Goddess" in [[Sanskrit]]). She volunteered to work at the Hindu Mission as an advocate against [[Judaism]] and [[Christianity]],<ref name=CF /> and wrote ''[[A Warning to the Hindus]]'' in order to offer her support for [[Hindu nationalism]] and independence, and rally resistance to the spread of [[Christianity]] and [[Islam]] in India.<ref name=HP /> During the 1930s, she distributed pro-[[Axis powers|Axis]] propaganda and engaged in intelligence gathering on the British in India.<ref name=TN /> She claimed that, during [[World War II]], she enabled [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] (the leader of the Axis-affiliated [[Indian National Army]]) to contact representatives of the [[Empire of Japan]].<ref name="rediff">Shrabani Basu, [http://www.rediff.com/news/1999/mar/27hitler.htm "The spy who loved Hitler"] ''Rediff News'' (first published in ''Sunday'' magazine), March 1999, retrieved 6 November 2012.</ref>

===World War II===
[[File:Savitri Devi, July 1945.jpg|thumb|left|Savitri Devi in 1945]]
During [[World War II]], Devi's connection to the [[Axis powers]] led to a clash with her mother, who served with the [[French Resistance]] during the German occupation of France.<ref name=nephews>[http://www.savitridevi.org/article-nephews.html Greg Johnson, 2006, "Savitri Devi's Communist Nephews", ''savitridevi.org''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420122148/http://www.savitridevi.org/article-nephews.html }}; (6 November 2012).</ref> In 1940, Devi married [[Asit Krishna Mukherji]], a [[Bengal]]i [[Brahmin]] with Nazi views who edited the pro-German newspaper ''New Mercury''. During 1941, Devi chose to interpret [[Operation Lustre|Allied military support]] for Greece, against Italian and German forces, as an invasion of Greece. Devi and Mukherji continued to gather intelligence for the Axis cause. This included entertaining Allied personnel, which gave Devi and Mukherji an opportunity to question them about military matters. The information which they gathered was passed on to Japanese intelligence officials and the Japanese military found it useful when they launched attacks against Allied airbases and army units.<ref name="rediff" />

==Post-war Nazi activism==
{{Main|Neo-Nazism|Holocaust denial}}
After [[World War II]], she travelled to Europe in late 1945<ref name=BS /> under the name Savitri Devi Mukherji as the wife of a British subject from India, with a [[British Indian passport]]. She briefly stopped in England, then she visited her mother in France, with whom she would quarrel over the latter's support for the [[French Resistance]]<ref>[[Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke]] (1998). ''[[Hitler's Priestess]]: Savitri Devi, the Hindu-Aryan Myth, and Neo-Nazism''. NY: New York University Press, p=127 {{ISBN|0-8147-3110-4}}</ref> and then she traveled to [[Iceland]], where she witnessed the [[volcanic eruption|eruption]] of [[Hekla|Mount Hekla]] on 5–6 April 1947.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sólarhring að villast í grennd við Heklu: Frásögn frú Mukherji. [24 hours a day getting lost near Hekla: The story of Mrs. Mukherji.].|page=2|work=Vísir|url=https://timarit.is/page/1161743|access-date=19 January 2022}}</ref> She briefly returned to England, then she traveled to [[Sweden]], where she met [[Sven Hedin]].<ref name=HP />

On 15 June 1948, she boarded the [[Nord Express|Nord-Express]] and traveled from Denmark to Germany,<ref name=HP /> where she distributed thousands of copies of handwritten leaflets in which she encouraged the "Men and women of Germany" to "hold fast to our glorious National Socialist faith, and resist!" She recounted her experience in ''Gold in the Furnace'' (which was re-edited and released as ''Gold in the Furnace: Experiences in Post-War Germany'' to coincide with the hundredth anniversary of her birth).<ref name=HP /><ref name=BS />

Arrested for posting bills, she was tried in Düsseldorf on 5 April 1949 for the promotion of Nazi ideas on German territory as a subject of the [[Allied Control Council]], and sentenced to two years imprisonment. She served eight months in [[Werl Prison]], where she befriended her fellow Nazi and [[SS]] prisoners (recounted in ''[[Defiance (book)|Defiance]]''), before she was released and expelled from Germany. She then went to stay in Lyon, France.<ref name=HP /><ref name=BS />

In April 1953, she obtained a Greek passport in her [[maiden name]] in order to re-enter Germany, and while she was there, she went on a [[pilgrimage]], as she called it, to Nazi "holy" sites. She flew from Athens to Rome and then she traveled by rail over the [[Brenner Pass]] into "[[German Question#Later influence|Greater Germany]]", which she regarded as "the spiritual home of all racially conscious modern [[Aryan race|Aryans]]". She traveled to a number of sites which were significant in the life of Adolf Hitler and the history of the [[Nazi Party]] (NSDAP), as well as German nationalist and heathen monuments, as recounted in her 1958 book ''Pilgrimage''.<ref name=HP />

Savitri Devi became a friend of [[Hans-Ulrich Rudel]], and she completed her manuscript of ''[[The Lightning and the Sun]]'' at his home in March 1956. Through his introductions, she was able to meet a number of Nazi émigrés in [[Spain]] and the [[Middle East]]. In 1957, she visited [[Johann von Leers]] in Egypt and traveled across the Middle East before she returned to her home in New Delhi, making stops in Beirut, [[Damascus]], [[Baghdad]], [[Tehran]], and [[Zahedan]].<ref name=HP /> In 1961 she stayed with [[Otto Skorzeny]] in Madrid.<ref name=BS />

Savitri Devi took employment teaching in France during the 1960s, spending her summer holidays with friends at [[Berchtesgaden]]. In the spring of 1961, while she was on her Easter holiday in London, she learned about the existence of the original [[British National Party (1960)|British National Party]]. This group emerged after the Second World War when a handful of former members of the [[British Union of Fascists]] took on the name. (The original BNP was quickly absorbed into the [[Union Movement]] – it has no direct connection to the present-day [[British National Party|BNP]].) She met the British National Party's president [[Andrew Fountaine]]. Beginning a correspondence with [[Colin Jordan]], she became a devoted supporter of the [[National Socialist Movement (UK, 1962)|National Socialist Movement]].<ref name=BS />

In August 1962, Savitri Devi attended the international Nazi conference in [[Gloucestershire]] and she was also a founder-signatory of the Cotswold Agreement which established the [[World Union of National Socialists]] (WUNS). At this conference she met, and was greatly impressed by, [[George Lincoln Rockwell]]. When Rockwell became the leader of the WUNS, he appointed [[William Luther Pierce]] the editor of its new magazine: ''National Socialist World'' (1966–68). Along with articles by Jordan and Rockwell, Pierce devoted nearly eighty pages of the first issue of the magazine to a condensed edition of ''The Lightning and the Sun''. Because of the enthusiastic response, Pierce included chapters from ''Gold in the Furnace'' and ''Defiance'' in subsequent issues.<ref name=BS />

After retiring from teaching in 1970, Savitri Devi spent nine months at the Normandy home of her close friend [[Françoise Dior]] while she was working on her memoirs; although she was welcome at first, her annoying personal habits began to disrupt life at the presbytery (among her habits, she did not take baths during her stay and she continually chewed garlic). Concluding that her pension would go much further in India and encouraged by Françoise Dior, she flew from Paris to Bombay on 23 June 1971. In August, she moved to New Delhi, where she lived alone, with a number of cats and at least one cobra.<ref name=BS />

Savitri Devi continued to correspond with Nazi enthusiasts in Europe and the Americas, particularly with [[Colin Jordan]], [[John Tyndall (politician)|John Tyndall]], [[Matt Koehl]], [[Miguel Serrano]], [[Anti-Jewish Action League of Sweden|Einar Åberg]] and [[Ernst Zündel]]. She was the first person to tell Zündel of her claim that the [[Holocaust denial|Nazi genocide of the Jews was untrue]]; he proposed a series of taped interviews (conducted in November 1978) and published a new illustrated edition of ''The Lightning and the Sun'' in 1979.<ref name=BS />

==Animal rights activism==
Devi was an [[animal rights]] activist, as well as a [[Vegetarianism|vegetarian]] from a young age, and she also espoused [[Environmentalism|ecologist]] views in her works. She wrote ''The Impeachment of Man'' in 1959 in India<ref name=TN /> in which she espoused her views on animal rights and nature. According to her, human beings do not stand above the animals; in her ecologist views, humans are a part of the [[ecosystem]] and as a result, they should respect all life, including animals and the whole of nature.

She always held radical views with regard to vegetarianism<ref name=TN /> and believed that people who do not "respect nature or animals" [[Capital punishment|should be executed]]. She also believed that [[vivisection]], [[circuses]], [[Animal slaughter|slaughter]] and [[fur]] industries among others do not belong in a civilized society.

==Death==
By the late 1970s, she had developed [[cataract]]s and her eyesight was rapidly deteriorating as a result. Myriam Hirn, a clerk from the French embassy in India, looked after her, making regular house visits. She decided to leave India, returning to Germany to live in Bavaria in 1981 before re-moving to France in 1982.<ref name=HP/>

Savitri eventually died in 1982 in [[Sible Hedingham]], Essex, England, at a friend's home. The cause of her death was recorded as a [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]] and [[coronary thrombosis]]. She was ''en route'' to lecture in the United States at the invitation of [[Matthias Koehl]] at the time of her death. Devi's ashes were shipped to the headquarters of the [[American Nazi Party]] in [[Arlington, Virginia]], where they were purportedly placed next to those of [[George Lincoln Rockwell]] in a "Nazi hall of honor".<ref name=BS/>

==Works==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Year published
! Year written
! Title
! ISBN
! class=unsortable | Summary
|-
| 1935
|
| ''Essai critique sur Théophile Kaïris''
|
| First doctoral [[thesis]], on the life and thought of the Greek educator and philosopher [[Theophilos Kairis]].
|-
| 1935
|
| ''La simplicité mathématique''
|
| A 500-page thesis on the nature of simplicity in mathematics. It included a discussion of [[Léon Brunschvicg]] and drew upon the work of [[George Boole]], [[Gottlob Frege]], [[Bertrand Russell]], [[Henri Poincaré]] and [[Alfred North Whitehead]].
|-
| 1940
| 1935–6
| ''L'Etang aux lotus'' (''The Lotus Pond'')
|
| Impressions of India. A combination of travelogue and philosophical, cultural and political reflections.
|-
| 1936
|
| ''[[A Warning to the Hindus]]''
| {{ISBNT|978-81-85002-40-8}}
| Written to rally support for [[Hindu nationalism]] and independence, and to rally [[Resistance movement|resistance]] to the spread of [[Christianity]] and [[Islam]] in India.
|-
| 1940
|
| ''The Non-Hindu Indians and Indian Unity''
|
| Promotes the idea that India must put aside social prejudice and communal hatred to create the political unity to achieve [[Indian independence movement|independence]].
|-
| 1946
|
| ''A Son of God: The Life and Philosophy of [[Akhenaten|Akhnaton]], King of Egypt''
| {{ISBNT|0-912057-95-5}} and {{ISBNT|0-912057-17-3}}
|Detailing the life of the Egyptian monotheist (whom Sigmund Freud in ''Moses and Monotheism'' speculates was "Moses").
|-
| 1951
|
| ''[[Defiance (book)|Defiance]]''
| {{ISBNT|0-9746264-6-5}}
| Autobiographical account of her propaganda mission, arrest, trial and imprisonment in occupied Germany in 1949.
|-
| 1952
| 1948–9, reedited 2005
| ''Gold in the Furnace''
| {{ISBNT|978-0-906879-52-8}} and {{ISBNT|978-0-9746264-4-4}}
| Conditions in post-war Germany.
|-
| 1958
| 1953–9
| ''[[Pilgrimage (book)|Pilgrimage]]''
|
| Account of her [[pilgrimage]] to various [[Nazism|National Socialist]] holy sites.
|-
| 1958
| 1948–56
| ''[[The Lightning and the Sun]]''
| {{ISBNT|978-0-937944-14-1}} (abridged)
| A work synthesizing the Hindu philosophy of cyclical history with Nazism. Contains biographies of [[Genghis Khan]], Akhnaton and Adolf Hitler. Famous for the claim that Hitler was an avatar of the God Vishnu.
|-
| 1959
| 1945
| ''The Impeachment of Man''
| {{ISBNT|978-0-939482-33-7}}
| [[Animal rights]] and [[ecology]].
|-
| 1965
| 1957–60
| ''Long-Whiskers and the Two-Legged Goddess, or The True Story of a "Most Objectionable Nazi" and... half-a-dozen Cats''
|
| A fictionalized autobiography and memoir of her favorite cats.
|-
| 1976
| 1968–71
| ''Souvenirs et reflexions d’une aryenne'' (''Memories and Reflections of an Aryan Woman'')
|
| A series of philosophical essays rather than a [[memoir]], this is the most comprehensive statement of her philosophy.
|-
| 2005
| 1978
| ''And Time Rolls on: The Savitri Devi Interviews''
| {{ISBNT|978-0-9746264-3-7}}
| 1978 autobiographical interviews originally recorded in Calcutta.
|-
| 2012
| 1952–53
| ''Forever and Ever: Devotional Poems''
|
| Collection of devotional poems dedicated to Adolf Hitler.
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|Hinduism|Politics}}

*[[Ecofascism]]
*[[Esoteric Nazism]]
*[[Nazi racial theories]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{notelist}}

==Further reading==
* Cooper, Terry. ''Death by Dior: Françoise Dior.'' Dynasty Press (2013). {{ISBN|978-0956803863}}.
* [[Koenraad Elst|Elst, Koenraad]]. ''The Saffron Swastika: The Notion of "Hindu Fascism"'' (chapter 5). "Savitri Devi and the 'Hindu-Aryan Myth'." [[Voice of India]] (2001). [2 Vols.] {{ISBN|8185990697}}.
* Gardell, Matthias. ''Gods of the Blood: The Pagan Revival and White Separatism.'' [[Duke University Press]] (2003). {{ISBN|0822330717}}.
* [[Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke|Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas]]. ''[[Hitler's Priestess|Hitler's Priestess: Savitri Devi, the Hindu-Aryan Myth, and Neo-Nazism]]''. [[New York University Press]] (1998). {{ISBN|0814731104}}.
* Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas. "Savitri Devi and the Hitler Avatar" (Chapter 5). In: ''[[Black Sun (Goodrick-Clarke book)|Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism and the Politics of Identity]]''. [[New York University Press]] (2002). {{ISBN|0814731244}}; (2003). {{ISBN|0814731554}}.
* Kaplan, Jeffrey (editor). ''[[Encyclopedia of White Power|Encyclopedia of White Power: A Sourcebook on the Radical Racist Right]]''. [[Altamira Press]] (2000). {{ISBN|0742503402}}.

==External links==
{{sisterlinks|d=Q270337|q=Savitri Devi|c=Category:Savitri Devi|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|wikt=no|s=no|species=no}}
* [http://savitridevi.org/ The Savitri Devi Archive]

{{Savitri Devi|state=expanded}}
{{Neo-Nazism}}{{Hindu Nationalism}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devi, Savitri}}
[[Category:1905 births]]
[[Category:1982 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century French philosophers]]
[[Category:20th-century French poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Greek philosophers]]
[[Category:20th-century French women writers]]
[[Category:Antisemitic propaganda]]
[[Category:Anti-vivisectionists]]
[[Category:Burials in Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Converts to Hinduism]]
[[Category:Neo-Nazism in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:French animal rights activists]]
[[Category:French autobiographers]]
[[Category:French collaborators with Nazi Germany]]
[[Category:French Holocaust deniers]]
[[Category:20th-century French criminals]]
[[Category:French environmentalists]]
[[Category:French expatriates in India]]
[[Category:French Hindus]]
[[Category:French neo-Nazis]]
[[Category:French people of English descent]]
[[Category:French people of Greek descent]]
[[Category:French people of Italian descent]]
[[Category:French political writers]]
[[Category:French religious writers]]
[[Category:20th-century travel writers]]
[[Category:French travel writers]]
[[Category:Greek autobiographers]]
[[Category:Greek collaborators with Nazi Germany]]
[[Category:Greek environmentalists]]
[[Category:Greek neo-Nazis]]
[[Category:Greek people of English descent]]
[[Category:Greek people of French descent]]
[[Category:Greek people of Italian descent]]
[[Category:Greek political writers]]
[[Category:Greek religious writers]]
[[Category:Greek travel writers]]
[[Category:Hindu mystics]]
[[Category:Hindu nationalism]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:Hindu writers]]
[[Category:Nazi propagandists]]
[[Category:Occultism in Nazism]]
[[Category:New Age writers]]
[[Category:Non-fiction environmental writers]]
[[Category:Pantheists]]
[[Category:People deported from Germany]]
[[Category:People from Lyon]]
[[Category:People from New Delhi]]
[[Category:Pseudonymous women writers]]
[[Category:University of Lyon alumni]]
[[Category:Visva-Bharati University alumni]]
[[Category:Women autobiographers]]
[[Category:Women religious writers]]
[[Category:Indian women travel writers]]
[[Category:World War II spies for Germany]]
[[Category:World War II spies for Japan]]
[[Category:World War II spies for Italy]]
[[Category:Indian travel writers]]
[[Category:Indian women non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Indian women biographers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biographers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Delhi]]
[[Category:Hindu female religious leaders]]
[[Category:20th-century pseudonymous writers]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of the British military]]

User talk:Ds Abhishek

2021-03-14T18:04:36Z

Ds Abhishek:

{{Template:Welcome|realName=Ds Abhishek|name=Ds Abhishek}}

-- [[User:ShoutWiki|ShoutWiki]] ([[User talk:ShoutWiki|talk]]) 19:03, 14 March 2021 (IST)

'''Ds Abhishek''' is known as Indian Entrepreneur and Digital Marketer, who's the founder & CEO of Dsandassociates Agency at an age of 18. With the dream of making an identity on own, he is successful in creating a niche for himself in the field of management. Ds Abhishek (7th July 2001) is an Indian Entrepreneur and Digital Marketer.