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Australian cricket team in India in 2026–27

2026-05-07T03:40:45Z

Drsuruchipuri: Put up

{{short description|International cricket tour}}
{{use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox cricket tour
| series_name = Australian cricket team in India in 2026–27
| team1_image = Flag of India.svg
| team1_name = India
| team2_image = Flag of Australia.svg
| team2_name = Australia
| from_date = 21 January
| to_date = 3 March 2027
| team1_captain =
| team2_captain =
| no_of_tests = 5
| team1_tests_won =
| team2_tests_won =
| team1_tests_most_runs =
| team2_tests_most_runs =
| team1_tests_most_wickets =
| team2_tests_most_wickets =
| player_of_test_series =
}}

The [[Australia national cricket team|Australian cricket team]] is scheduled to tour India between January and March 2027 to play the [[India national cricket team|India cricket team]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/138154/indian-mens-team-to-play-22-matches-across-17-venues-at-home-in-2026-27 |title=Indian men's team to play 22 matches across 17 venues at home in 2026–27 |work=[[Cricbuzz]] |access-date=26 March 2026}}</ref> The tour will consist of five [[Test Cricket|test matches]], which will form part of the [[2025–2027 World Test Championship|2025–2027 ICC World Test Championship]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/india-cricket-schedule-fixtures-venues-2026-27-chepauk-ma-chidambaram-stadium/article70787484.ece |title=Indian cricket schedule for 2026–27 home matches announced: Chennai gets one Border-Gavaskar Trophy fixture, Home season commences on September 27 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=26 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Men's Future Tours Program |url=https://resources.pulse.icc-cricket.com/ICC/document/2022/08/17/9ecd5af8-4657-475f-ae1e-733b04f69750/Men-s-FTP-upto-2027.pdf |access-date=2 April 2025 |work=[[International Cricket Council]]}}</ref> In March 2026, the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI) confirmed the fixtures for the tour, as a part of the 2026–27 home international season.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2026/news/55556333/fixtures-unveiled-for-team-india-s-international-home-season-2026-27 |title=Fixtures unveiled for Team India’s international home season 2026–27 |work=[[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] |access-date=26 March 2026}}</ref>

==Test series==
===1st Test===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 21–25 January 2027
| team1 = {{cr|IND}}
| team2 = {{cr|AUS}}

| score-team1-inns1 =
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| score-team2-inns2 =
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| result =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1529244.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Nagpur]]
| umpires =
| motm =
| toss =
| rain =
| notes =
}}

===2nd Test===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 29 January–2 February 2027
| team1 = {{cr|IND}}
| team2 = {{cr|AUS}}

| score-team1-inns1 =
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| score-team2-inns2 =
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| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| result =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1529245.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| umpires =
| motm =
| toss =
| rain =
| notes =
}}

===3rd Test===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 11–15 February 2027
| team1 = {{cr|IND}}
| team2 = {{cr|AUS}}

| score-team1-inns1 =
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| score-team2-inns1 =
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| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| result =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1529246.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Assam Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Guwahati]]
| umpires =
| motm =
| toss =
| rain =
| notes =
}}

===4th Test===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 19–23 February 2027
| team1 = {{cr|IND}}
| team2 = {{cr|AUS}}

| score-team1-inns1 =
| runs-team1-inns1 =
| wickets-team1-inns1 =

| score-team2-inns1 =
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| wickets-team1-inns2 =

| score-team2-inns2 =
| runs-team2-inns2 =
| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| result =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1529247.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[JSCA International Stadium Complex|JSCA International Stadium]], [[Ranchi]]
| umpires =
| motm =
| toss =
| rain =
| notes =
}}

===5th Test===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 27 February–3 March 2027
| team1 = {{cr|IND}}
| team2 = {{cr|AUS}}

| score-team1-inns1 =
| runs-team1-inns1 =
| wickets-team1-inns1 =

| score-team2-inns1 =
| runs-team2-inns1 =
| wickets-team2-inns1 =

| score-team1-inns2 =
| runs-team1-inns2 =
| wickets-team1-inns2 =

| score-team2-inns2 =
| runs-team2-inns2 =
| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| result =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1529248.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| umpires =
| motm =
| toss =
| rain =
| notes =
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-india-2026-27-1529225 Series home at ESPNcricinfo]

{{International cricket tours of India}}
{{International cricket in 2026-27}}

[[Category:2027 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:2027 in Australian cricket]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions in 2026–27]]
[[Category:Australian cricket tours of India]]

Parasmani Pradhan

2026-05-07T00:45:04Z

Drsuruchipuri:

{{Short description|Indian Nepali-language writer (1898–1986)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = Dr.
| name = Parasmani Pradhan
| image = Parasmani Pradhan.jpg
| caption = Portrait of Pradhan Mani Pradhan
| native_name = पारसमणि प्रधान
| native_name_lang = ne
| other_names = Prashman
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1898|1|1|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kalimpong]], [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]], [[British India]] 
({{present-day||[[West Bengal]], [[India]]|2023-09-22}})
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1986|2|2|1898|1|1|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Siliguri]], [[West Bengal]], India
| occupation = Writer, publisher, poet
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works = ''Tipan Tapan''
| spouse = Jasmaya Newarni
| mother =
| father =
| awards = [[Madan Puraskar]]
}}
'''Parasmani Pradhan''' ({{Langx|ne|पारसमणि प्रधान}}) (1 January 1898 – 2 February 1986) was an [[Indian Gorkha|Indian]] [[Nepali language|Nepali-language]] writer, poet, translator, grammarian, educator and publisher.<ref>{{Cite web |title=पारसमणि प्रधान – मदन पुरस्कार गुठी |url=https://guthi.madanpuraskar.org/people/paras-mani-pradhan/ |access-date=2022-01-05 |website=Madan Puraskar Guthi |language=ne}}</ref> He published multiple Nepali language textbooks and played an important role in shaping the modern Nepali grammar. He was one of the key figures who contributed in establishing Nepali as one of the official language of India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-11-12 |title=Nepali "Bhasa Andolan": Re-telling The Story |url=https://thedarjeelingchronicle.com/nepali-bhasa-andolan-re-telling-story/ |access-date=2022-04-01 |website=The Darjeeling Chronicle |language=en-GB |quote=It came to notice that in order to get a place in the constitution the respective language should be recognized by Sahitya Academy, New Delhi. This mission was also initiated by many literary and political organizations and an eminent person like Dr Parasmani Pradhan and Siddharth Shankar Ray. It was finally accomplished and Nepali got recognition in December 1978.}}</ref>

He was a part of a literary group in Darjeeling called ''SuDhaPa'' with [[Surya Bikram Gyawali]] and [[Dharanidhar Koirala]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=The Darjeeling Luminaries |url=http://ecs.com.np/spilled-ink/the-darjeeling-luminaries |access-date=2022-03-05 |website=ECS NEPAL |language=en}}</ref> The trio played an important role in promoting [[Nepali language]] among the Nepali diasporic societies in India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Parsai |first=Narendra Raj |title=सूधपा को हुन् ? |url=https://www.samakalinsahitya.com/sahitya/details/5814 |access-date=2022-03-05 |website=Samakalin Sahitya |language=ne}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Kedar |title=सूधपाको सुध |url=https://ekantipur.com/feature/2020/02/19/1582099314353293.html |access-date=2022-03-05 |website=[[Kantipur (daily)|Kantipur]] |language=ne}}</ref>

== Early life and schooling ==
Paras Mani Pradhan was born on 1 January 1898 (18 Poush 1955 [[Vikram Samvat|BS]]) in [[Kalimpong]] to father Bhagyamani Bhikshacharya and mother Laxmi Maya Newarni. His grandfather Chintamani Shakya migrated to [[Lalitpur District, Nepal|Lalitpur district]] from [[Okhaldhunga District|Okhaldhunga district]]. His father with his mother then moved to [[Varanasi|Kashi]] in India, at the age of 14 where he met the publisher Pt. Harihar Sharma. His father worked with Pt. Harihar Sharma for few years before moving to [[Kalimpong]] and settled there. In Kalimpong his father was popularly known as Julfe Newar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=पारसमणि प्रधान Paras Mani Pradhan |url=http://www.nai.com.np/contents.php?id=358 |access-date=2022-03-05 |website=Nai Prakashan |language=ne}}</ref>

For his primary education, he was admitted to Pudung Primary School, a Scottish missionary school, 2 miles east of his home. Due to the difficulty of the way to the school in monsoon season, he was shifted to Waugh Primary School. He completed his primary education at Waugh. He was then admitted to Upper Primary School of same mission. After he was punished by the teacher at the school, his mother refused to send him back to the school and admitted him in the night school of his uncle Sri Harkadhoj Pradhan. He then went to Darjeeling with his cousin as a companion, who had won a scholarship to study in a school in Darjeeling. He too was admitted to the Darjeeling Government High School. He passed the Matriculation examination in Hindi medium since Nepali-medium education was not available in Darjeeling and Kalimpong area.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Indramani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kRsb6uTKuQYC&dq=Ratna+Shree+Subarna+Padak&pg=PA87 |title=Parasmani Pradhan |date=1997 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-260-0366-2 |language=en}}</ref>

== Literary career ==
He started his literary career by publishing ''Adhyavasaya'', an article in May 1915 issue of ''Chandra'' magazine (Year I, Issue 9) published from [[Benaras]]. In the next issue of the same magazine, he wrote an essay titled ''Bidhya''. He played an important role in standardising the Nepali grammar. He published multiple books and text books about the Nepali language grammar.

Between 1918 and 1924, he wrote many plays. He wrote and edited about 45 books in his lifetime including ''Bharatbarshako Itihas'', ''Bilayat Yatra'', ''Nepali Bhasako Utpati ra Bikas'', ''Kabi ra Kabita'', ''Tipan Tapan'', etc.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-14 |title=बहुआयामिक व्यक्तित्वका धनी पारसमणि प्रधान |url=https://sahityapost.com/khoj-anusandhan/33452/ |access-date=2022-03-05 |website=साहित्यपोस्ट |language=en-US}}</ref> He was a part of group called ''SooDhaPa'' alongside [[Surya Bikram Gyawali]] and [[Dharanidhar Koirala]]. The trio played an important role in promoting [[Nepali language]] among the Nepali diasporic society in India. In 1924 they founded a literary organization for Nepalese community in India called ‘[[Nepali Sahitya Sammelan, Darjeeling|Nepali Sahitya Sammelan]]’, which won the [[Jagadamba Shree Puraskar]], The organization also published a literary magazine called ''Nepali Sahitya Patrika''.<ref name=":1" /> The trio christend [[Laxmi Prasad Devkota]], [[Balkrishna Sama]] and [[Lekhnath Paudyal]] as the ''[[trimurti]]'' (triumvirate) of Nepali literature.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-23 |title=दार्जिलिङमा साहित्यका त्रिमूर्ति- नरेन्द्रराज प्रसाईं |url=https://www.communistonline.com/2021/06/29964/ |access-date=2022-03-05 |website=कम्युनिष्ट अनलाइन |language=ne}}</ref>

== Personal life and death ==
[[File:Parasmani Pradhan2.jpg|alt=Parasmani Pradhan|thumb|Parasmani Pradhan]]His first wife left him while he was away in [[Darjeeling]] for his matriculation exam preparation. He then married Jasmaya Newarni, the daughter of Gopal Singh Malla and Indra Laxmi Malla. They had 12 children. He died on 2 February 1986 in [[Siliguri]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BZ0hAAAAMAAJ |title=Prachi: A Literary Digest of East Indian Languages |date=1990 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |pages=246 |language=en}}</ref>

== Notable works ==

=== Nepali grammar books/coursebooks ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Title
!Year of publication
!Note
|-
|''Sajilo Nepali Byakaran''
|1932
|
|-
|''Nepali Sajilo Ganit Vol. 1''
|1938
|Maths coursebook
|-
|''Nepali Rachana Kusum Vol. 1''
|
|Co-authored with Nagedramani Pradhan
|-
|''Nepali Rachana Bharati Vol. 1 & 2''
|1954
|Co-authored with Amarmani Pradhan
|-
|''Nepali Byakaran Bharati''
|1954
|Co-authored with Nagedramani Pradhan
|-
|''Prathamik Nepali Byakaran''
|1954
|
|-
|''Nepali Muhavara''
|1954
|About Nepali phrases
|-
|''Nepali Sajilo Sahitya Vol. 4''
|1955
|
|-
|''Prabesika Byakaran ra Rachana''
|
|Co-authored with Tika Ram Sharma
|-
|''Nepali Bhasa ko Sahitik Bibaran''
|1970
|
|-
|''Nepali Byakaranko Paribarddhit ra Bartaman Roop''
|1970
|
|-
|''Byakaranko Dantya Katha''
|1970
|
|-
|''Nepali Byakaran Vol. I''
|1970
|
|-
|''Madhyamik Nepali Byakaran ra Rachana''
|1982
|
|}

=== Nepali translation of novels ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Title
!Year of publication
!Original title
!Writer
!Original language
|-
|''Hiranmaye Charitra''
|1916
|''Yugalanguriya''
|[[Bankim Chandra Chatterjee]]
|Bengali
|-
|''Bilayat Yatra''
|1919
|''Bilayat Yatra''
|Gajadhar Singh
|Hindi
|}

=== Plays (written between 1918 and 1924) ===

* ''Sawitri Satyawan''
* ''Sundar Kumar''
* ''Harishchandra''
* ''Ratnawali''
* ''Bidhya Sundar''
* ''Chandra Gupta''
* ''Sita Banbas''
* ''Buddha Charitra Natak''
* ''Mahabharat Natak''

=== Non–fiction ===

* ''Nepal Prathamik Bhugol Vol. I & II'' (Geographical nonfiction, 1933/46)
* ''Prathamik Shiksha Bidhi'' (1942)
* ''Nepali Hamro Matribhasa'' (Essay, 1953)
* ''Nepali Bhasa ko Utapatti ra Bikas'' (1961)
* ''Bharat ko Itishas (Ketaketiko)'' (1961)
* ''108 Amar Jiwai Vol. I & II'' (Biographies, 1964)
* ''Tipan Tapan Vol. I'' (Essays, 1969)
* ''Rochak Sanmaran'' (Essays, 1969)
* ''Panch Paurakhi Purusha Ratna'' (Biographies, 1969)
* ''Nepali Sahitya ko Saun Akshar'' (Essay, 1969)
* ''Afno Barema 1'' (Autobiography, 1971)
* ''Kwanti'' (1972)
* ''Aathau Anushuchi ma Nepali Bhasa'' ({{Translation|Nepali Language in Eighth Schedule}}, 1972)
* ''Sarkari Kamkaj Garna Bidhi'' (1973)
* ''Kathe Jhanki'' (Essay, 1974)
* ''Ramailo Samjhana Kharsang ko'' (History of [[Kurseong]], 1978)
* ''Mahakabi Laxmi Prasad Devkota'' (Biography of [[Laxmi Prasad Devkota]], 1978)
* ''Kabi Shiromani Lekhnath Paudyal'' (Biography of [[Lekhnath Paudyal]], 1979)

=== Short stories ===

* ''Maya ko Chiya''
* ''Katha Bharati Jetho Bhag'' (1953)
* ''Katha Bharati Mahilo Bhag'' (1954)
* ''Katha Bharati Sahilo Bhag'' (1955)
* ''Katha Bharati Kahinlo Bhag'' (1956)
* ''Sadhe Saat Katha'' (1974)

=== Poems ===

* ''Prasnottar (Bhanubhaktiya)'' (1949)
* ''Kabi ra Kabita'' (1957)
* ''Jaymala'' (1972)
* ''Kathmandu ma Dash Din'' (1975)

== Awards and legacy ==
In 1969, he won the [[Madan Puraskar]], Nepal's highest literary honour, for his book ''Tipan Tapan''.<ref name=":0" /> The same year, Pradhan was also awarded with the [[Tribhuvan Puraskar]] for the book ''Pancha Paurakhi Purush'' He was conferred with the Degree of Doctor of letters (Honoris Causa) by the [[Tribhuvan University|Tribhuwan University]] in June 1975 and the Degree of Doctor of Literature (Honoris Causa) by the [[University of North Bengal]] in April 1981. In 1983, he was awarded the Ratna Shree Subarna Padak by Ratna Shree Patrika, Kathmandu for his article ''Maile Chineko Samaj''.<ref name=":2" />

His biography titled ''Dr. Parasmani Ko Jiwan Yatra'' was written by his son Nagendramani Pradhan. The book won the prestigious [[Sahitya Akademi]] award for [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Nepali|Nepali language]] in 1995. An award in his name Parasmani Pradhan Puraskar is awarded annually by Nepali Sahitya Adhyan Samiti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=साहित्यकार सुवास दीपकलाई 24 औँ पारसमणि पुरस्कार प्रदान |url=https://www.jhyaalonline.com/2021/02/24.html |access-date=2022-03-05 |website=Jhyaal Online |language=ne}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=प्रतिनिधि |first=खबरम्यागजिन |title=नोर्जाङ स्याङदेनलाई पारसमणि पुरस्कार – खबरम्यागजिन |url=https://khabarmagazine.com/archives/26964 |access-date=2022-03-05 |website=Khabar Magazine |language=ne}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Surya Bikram Gyawali]]
* [[Dharanidhar Koirala]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==

* {{cite book | last=Pradhan | first=Indramani | author2=Sahitya Akademi | title=Parasmani Pradhan | publisher=Sahitya Akademi | publication-place=New Delhi | date=1997 | isbn=81-260-0366-9 | oclc=39129959 }}
{{Madan Puraskar}}
{{Nepali literature}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pradhan, Parasmani}}
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1986 deaths]]
[[Category:Nepali-language writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Nepalese writers]]
[[Category:Nepalese male writers]]
[[Category:Madan Puraskar winners]]
[[Category:Nepali-language Indian poets]]
[[Category:Nepali-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:People from Kalimpong district]]
[[Category:Newar people]]
[[Category:Writers from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Nepali language movement activists]]

Muthialpet Assembly constituency

2026-05-06T12:05:52Z

Drsuruchipuri: adding new pg!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Puducherry legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| constituency_no =13
| electors ={{formatnum:29924}}
| union_territory = [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
| name = Muthialpeth
| latest_election_year = 2021
| type= SLA
| map_image = Muthialpeth-assembly-constituency-13.png
| mla = [[J. Prakash Kumar]]
| party = [[Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam]]
| district = [[Puducherry district|Puducherry]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Puducherry (Lok Sabha constituency)|Puducherry]]
| established = 1964
| reservation = None
}}

'''Muthialpet''' is a [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly|legislative assembly]] constituency in the Union territory of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] in [[India]].<ref name=pyceo>{{cite web |url=https://ceopuducherry.py.gov.in/img/maps/overall.jpg |title=Map showing the Assembly constituencies of the U.T. of Pondicherry |date= |access-date=9 November 2021 |publisher = Chief Electoral Office, Puducherry}}</ref>
<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |title=Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005180821/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |archive-date=5 October 2010 |access-date=13 October 2021 }}</ref><ref name=sched>{{cite web|title=Schedule XXII Puducherry Table A - Assembly Constituencies|format = PDF | publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/nri/puducherry_Delimitation.pdf|accessdate=31 January 2013}}</ref> This constituency covers the area under wards 1-4 and 6-8 of Puducherry Municipality.<ref name=sched/> Muthialpet Assembly constituency is a part of [[Puducherry Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=sched/>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Election!!Member!! colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1964 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|1964]] || [[P. Shanmugam]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1969 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|1969]] || K. Murugaiyan || {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1974 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|1974]] || G. Pajaniraja || {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1977 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || G. Palani Raja || {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1980 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || G. Palani Raja || {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1985 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || G. Palani Raja || {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1990 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || G. Palani Raja || {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1991 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|1991]] || M. Balasubramaniam || {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1996 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|1996]] || S. Anandavelu || {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2001 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|2001]] || A. Kasilingam || {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2006 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|2006]] || Nandha T. Saravanan || {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2011 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2011]] || Nandha T. Saravanan || {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2016 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2016]] || Vaiyapuri Manikandan || {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2021]] || [[J. Prakash Kumar]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|}

== Election results ==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2021|2021]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|37.48}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2016|2016]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|39.20}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2011|2011]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|47.82}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2006|2006]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|56.37}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2001|2001]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|38.02}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1996|1996]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|56.26}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1991|1991]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|52.38}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1990|1990]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|55.74}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1985|1985]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|53.93}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1980|1980]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|63.71}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1977|1977]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|42.69}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1974|1974]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|43.87}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1969|1969]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|55.52}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1964|1964]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|33.06}}}}

=== Assembly Election 2026 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Muthialpet}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Vaiyapuri Manikandan]]|party=All India N.R. Congress|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Rajendran|party=Indian National Congress|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Farida Begum|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[J. Prakash Kumar]]|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|votes=|percentage=|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA|party=None of the above|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage=}}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors =25993 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2021 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Muthialpet<ref name=election2021>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13417-puducherry-general-legislative-election-2021/ |title=Puducherry General Legislative Election 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=9 November 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[J. Prakash Kumar]] |party=Independent politician |votes=8,778 |percentage=37.48 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vaiyapuri Manikandan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=7,844 |percentage=33.49 |change=-5.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Senthil Kumaran |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,402 |percentage=18.79 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Faritha Begum |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=778 |percentage=3.32 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Saravanan |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=732 |percentage=3.13 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Saravanan |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=321 |percentage=1.37 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=264 |percentage=1.13 |change=-1.20 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=934 |percentage=3.99 |change=-5.18 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=23,423 |percentage=78.64 |change= -3.17 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 29,785 |change =3.20 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -1.73 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2016 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Muthialpet}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Vaiyapuri Manikandan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=9,257 |percentage=39.20 |change=5.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=J. Pregash Kumar |party=All India N.R. Congress |votes=7,093 |percentage=30.04 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. P. Sivakumar |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=5,268 |percentage=22.31 |change=-25.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=549 |percentage=2.32 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Sivakumar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=496 |percentage=2.10 |change=0.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Murugan |party=Communist Party of India |votes=339 |percentage=1.44 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=I. Meera Mydheen |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=228 |percentage=0.97 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=G. Ganapathy |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=135 |percentage=0.57 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,164 |percentage=9.16 |change=-4.57 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=23,613 |percentage=81.81 |change= 0.79 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 28,862 |change =7.92 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -8.62 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2011 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Muthialpet}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Nandha T. Saravanan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=10,364 |percentage=47.82 |change=-8.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Kasilingam |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=7,388 |percentage=34.09 |change=1.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Paramasivam |party=Independent politician |votes=3,427 |percentage=15.81 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Krishnakanthan @ Baskar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=257 |percentage=1.19 |change=-2.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Mothilal |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation |votes=148 |percentage=0.68 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,976 |percentage=13.73 |change=-9.86 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,671 |percentage=81.03 |change= 0.06 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 26,745 |change =4.71 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -8.55 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2006 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Muthialpet<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 2006 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3437-puducherry-2006/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925222225/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3437-puducherry-2006/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=25 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Nandha T. Saravanan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=11,658 |percentage=56.37 |change=28.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Kasilingam |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=6,779 |percentage=32.78 |change=-5.24 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Visweswaran |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=682 |percentage=3.30 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Mullai |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=504 |percentage=2.44 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,879 |percentage=23.59 |change=13.00 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=20,680 |percentage=80.97 |change= 16.30 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 25,541 |change =-8.50 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 18.35 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2001 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Muthialpet<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 2001 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3436-puducherry-2001/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927050359/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3436-puducherry-2001/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=27 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Kasilingam |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=6,857 |percentage=38.02 |change=-18.24 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raja Chandrasekaran |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=4,947 |percentage=27.43 |change=-13.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=G. Pajaniraja |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,645 |percentage=20.21 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. K. Sathish Kumar |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,195 |percentage=12.17 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vinayagamoorthy Alias Vinayagam |party=Independent politician |votes=163 |percentage=0.90 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=E. Kuppan |party=Independent politician |votes=136 |percentage=0.75 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Arul |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation |votes=90 |percentage=0.50 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,910 |percentage=10.59 |change=-4.29 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=18,033 |percentage=64.67 |change= 0.98 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 27,915 |change =-2.42 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -14.36 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1996 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Muthialpet<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1996 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3434-puducherry-1996/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917135105/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3434-puducherry-1996/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=17 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Anandavelu |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=11,009 |percentage=56.26 |change=3.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=G. Palani Raja |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=8,098 |percentage=41.39 |change=-4.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Rajamanickam @ Elango |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=157 |percentage=0.80 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Ezhilarasan |party=Independent politician |votes=95 |percentage=0.49 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,911 |percentage=14.88 |change=8.51 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=19,567 |percentage=69.96 |change= 6.27 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 28,606 |change =1.47 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 3.88 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1991 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Muthialpet<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1991 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3433-puducherry-1991/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917135604/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3433-puducherry-1991/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=17 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Balasubramaniam |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=9,175 |percentage=52.38 |change=8.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Anandavelu |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=8,060 |percentage=46.02 |change=-9.72 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Sivaraj |party=Independent politician |votes=167 |percentage=0.95 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,115 |percentage=6.37 |change=-5.11 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=17,515 |percentage=63.69 |change= -3.54 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 28,191 |change =-1.11 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -3.36 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Muthialpet<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1990 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3431-puducherry-1990/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917130547/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3431-puducherry-1990/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=17 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=G. Palani Raja |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=10,571 |percentage=55.74 |change=1.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Kalipaerumal Alias Perumal |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=8,394 |percentage=44.26 |change=0.94 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,177 |percentage=11.48 |change=0.87 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=18,965 |percentage=67.23 |change= -9.10 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 28,508 |change =48.96 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 1.81 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Muthialpet<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1985 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3430-puducherry-1985/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917140417/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3430-puducherry-1985/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=17 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=G. Palani Raja |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=7,820 |percentage=53.93 |change=-9.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Kasilingam |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=6,281 |percentage=43.32 |change=13.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Savarimuthu |party=Janata Party |votes=259 |percentage=1.79 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,539 |percentage=10.61 |change=-23.33 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,500 |percentage=76.33 |change= -1.76 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 19,138 |change =23.38 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -9.78 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1980 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Muthialpet<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1980 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3428-puducherry-1980/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927041541/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3428-puducherry-1980/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=27 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=G. Palani Raja |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=7,396 |percentage=63.71 |change=50.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. V. Vaithilingam |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=3,456 |percentage=29.77 |change=-12.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Murugaiyan |party=Independent politician |votes=605 |percentage=5.21 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Adrien |party=Indian National Congress (U) |votes=152 |percentage=1.31 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,940 |percentage=33.94 |change=19.02 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,609 |percentage=78.09 |change= 9.64 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 15,512 |change =7.74 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 21.02 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Muthialpet<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1977 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3426-puducherry-1977/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927043330/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3426-puducherry-1977/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=27 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=G. Palani Raja |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=4,170 |percentage=42.69 |change=-1.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Velayudham |party=Janata Party |votes=2,713 |percentage=27.77 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Murugaian |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=1,319 |percentage=13.50 |change=-3.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Balasubramanian |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,295 |percentage=13.26 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=G. Bhuvanendiran |party=Independent politician |votes=203 |percentage=2.08 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Velayudham Chettiar |party=Independent politician |votes=69 |percentage=0.71 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,457 |percentage=14.91 |change=10.11 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,769 |percentage=68.46 |change= -13.75 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,397 |change =17.34 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -1.19 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1974 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1974 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Muthialpet<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1974 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3425-puducherry-1974/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917133352/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3425-puducherry-1974/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=17 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=G. Pajaniraja |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=4,315 |percentage=43.87 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Thangapragasam |party=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes=3,842 |percentage=39.06 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Murugaiyan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=1,678 |percentage=17.06 |change=-38.46 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=473 |percentage=4.81 |change=-6.23 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,835 |percentage=82.21 |change= -1.57 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 12,269 |change =69.37 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -11.64 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1969 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1969 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Muthialpet<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1969 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3423-puducherry-1969/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917140530/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3423-puducherry-1969/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=17 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Murugaiyan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=3,290 |percentage=55.52 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Thangapragasam |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,636 |percentage=44.48 |change=11.42 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=654 |percentage=11.04 |change=5.35 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,926 |percentage=83.78 |change= 2.37 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,244 |change =11.39 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 22.46 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1964 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1964 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Muthialpet<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1964 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3421-puducherry-1964/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515062755/https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/3421-puducherry-1964/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=15 May 2019 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[P. Shanmugam]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,726 |percentage=33.06 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thangaprakasam |party=Independent politician |votes=1,429 |percentage=27.37 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhatchanamurthy |party=Indian People's Front |votes=1,011 |percentage=19.36 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Murugaian |party=Independent politician |votes=882 |percentage=16.89 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Arul Raj |party=Independent politician |votes=173 |percentage=3.31 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=297 |percentage=5.69 |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,221 |percentage=81.41 |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,503 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Puducherry district]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Puducherry}}
{{coord|11.954|79.834|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Puducherry]]
[[Category:Politics of Puducherry]]
[[Category:Puducherry district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1964]]
[[Category:1964 establishments in Pondicherry]]

Drass district

2026-05-02T14:03:46Z

Drsuruchipuri: Creating The Place W/ Infobox

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Drass district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Ladakh|District]] of [[Ladakh]]
| image_skyline = Drass and Tololing Range.jpg
| image_caption = View of Drass from High Mountains
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{Flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|}}[[Ladakh]]
| subdivision_type2 = Region
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ladakh]]
| seat_type = Headquarters
| parts_type = Administrative divisions
| leader_title = [[District magistrate (India)|District collector and magistrate]]
| leader_title1 = [[Superintendent of Police]]
}}

'''Drass district''' (called '''Gateway to Ladakh'''), with headquarter at [[Drass]]-[[Rambir Por]], is one of the [[List_of_districts_of_Ladakh#List|district]] in the [[Union Territory]] of [[Ladakh]] in [[India]].<ref name=newd1>[https://ladakh.gov.in/historic-milestone-for-ladakh-five-new-districts-notified-in-ladakh-taking-total-districts-to-seven/ Historic milestone for Ladakh: Five new districts notified in Ladakh; taking total districts to seven], 27 Apr 2026.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-26 |title=MHA announces five new districts in Ladakh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mha-announces-five-new-districts-in-ladakh/articleshow/112797243.cms |access-date=2024-08-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It is also one of the smallest districts in the country.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Gillani |first=Syed Shadab Ali |date=2024-08-26 |title=Will Ladakh's New Districts Have Autonomous Hill Councils Too, Congress Asks |url=https://kashmirlife.net/will-ladakhs-new-districts-have-autonomous-hill-councils-too-congress-asks-364550/ |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=Kashmir Life |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== History ==

On 27th April 2026, 5 new districts were notified in the [[government gazette]] for boosting the service delivery and infrastructure, including Drass district with 19 revenue villages which was carved out of western part of [[Kargil district]] , and Zanskar with 26 revenue villages.<ref name=newd1/> Earlier announced on 26th August 2024 as a new district was awaiting the formal notification for the creation.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Ladakh Gets 5 New Districts: Zanskar, Drass, Sham, Nubra And Changthang |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ladakh-gets-5-new-districts-zanskar-drass-sham-nubra-and-changthang-6419637 |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> In January 2024, hundreds of people from various villages in the region took part in a peaceful protest march, demanding that Drass be recognized as a district.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 Jan 2024 |title=Residents seek district tag for Drass |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/j-k/residents-seek-district-tag-for-drass-581118/amp |access-date=26 Aug 2024 |work=Tribune India}}</ref>

The district was the key site of [[Kargil war]].

==Geography==

Dras in high-altitude [[Great Himalayas]] range at roughly 3,300 meters (10,800 feet) near the [[Zoji La]] Pass. A narrow, high-altitude valley (approx. 10,800 ft) surrounded by towering, rocky, and often barren Himalayan peaks. Dras acts as a critical link between Kashmir and Ladakh, featuring significant military presence near the India-Pakistan [[Line of Control]].

==Climate==

Dras district has harsh continental climate conditions, including temperatures dropping below -40°C in winter. The severe winters last from late autumn to spring (mid-October to mid-May) and receives significant snowfall (often over 550 mm water equivalent). [[Dras River]] flows through the region.

==Ecology==

Dras is often called the "Indian Siberia" due to its frigid, icy conditions, similar to Siberia or Alaska. Vegetation is largely confined to river valleys at lower elevations, consisting mainly of hardy grasses and shrubs, as high-altitude areas are barren and rocky.

==Administration==

'''Sub-Divisions (1):''' [[Dras]]s

'''Tehsils (1):''' [[Dras]]s

'''Blocks (2):''' [[Dras]]s and [[Bhimbat]], each block consists of a number of [[Panchayati raj in India|panchayat]]s.

'''Villages (19)''': [[Matayen]], [[Meenamarg]] (just east of Zoji La), etc.

== Tourism ==

Drass now serves as a key stopping point for travelers journeying to Leh and Kargil.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Drass|url=https://kargil.nic.in/tourist-place/drass/ |access-date=2024-08-26 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Transport==

===Road===
[[File:National Highway 1D India.JPG|thumb|[[National highways of India|National highway]] [[National Highway 1 (India)|NH 1]] connects Srinagar and Leh via Kargil]]

Dras is situated along National Highway 1 (NH-1), about 60 km west of Kargil town and 140 km from Srinagar, serving as the gateway from the Kashmir Valley to Ladakh. [[National highways of India|National highway]] [[National Highway 1 (India)|NH 1]] runs through the district and connects Srinagar to Leh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/linkimages/9-6774713323.pdf|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways|work=[[Department of Road Transport and Highways]], [[Government of India]]|access-date=2 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816023220/http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/linkimages/9-6774713323.pdf|archive-date=16 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Government operated buses provide local connectivity.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/bus-service-from-kargil-to-jammu-started-by-j-k-govt/story-URDlhxMsHhLA5IytF8M3rN.html|title=Bus service from Kargil to Jammu started by J&K govt|date=4 July 2013|access-date=1 June 2025|newspaper=[[The Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/renewables/first-batch-of-4-e-buses-flagged-off-in-kargil/articleshow/101453924.cms?from=mdr|title=First batch of e-buses rolled out in Kargil|date=3 July 2023|access-date=1 June 2025|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref><ref name="Kargil">{{cite web|url=https://kargil.nic.in/how-to-reach/|title=How to reach|work=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> The [[Skardu–Kargil Road|Kargil-Skardu road]] earlier linked Kargil to Skardu in Gilgit-Baltistan in Pakistan-administered Kashmir. It has been closed since the Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/moving-on-the-kargilskardu-road/29212|title=Moving on the Kargil-Skardu road|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=24 April 2007|access-date=22 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipcs.org/article/india/the-kargil-skardu-route-implications-of-its-opening-3614.html|title=The Kargil-Skardu Route: Implications of its Opening by Zainab Akhter|work=IPCS|access-date=22 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idsa.in/resources/parliament/PresentstatusofKargiltoSkarduRoad|title= Present status of Kargil to Skardu Road|work= Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses|date=29 March 2012|access-date=22 April 2013}}</ref>

===Air===
[[File:Kargil airport overview.jpg|thumb|View of Kargil airport from Choskore La.]]

[[Kargil Airport]] was built in 1996 for civilian operations.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Kargil Airport To Be Expanded|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=107082|work=[[Press Information Bureau]]|date= 21 July 2014|access-date=29 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Regulator asks SpiceJet to start flights to Kargil|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/R3AuwRTD08VXFJywxVoVvJ/Regulator-asks-SpiceJet-to-start-flights-to-Kargil.html|work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Live Mint]]|date= 27 September 2012|access-date=29 July 2019}}</ref> The operational control was later transferred to the [[Indian Air Force]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Kargil to be a major Indian Air Force base|url= http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/kargil-to-be-a-major-indian-air-force-base_734785.html |work=[[Zee News]]|date= 29 January 2018|access-date=29 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ministry of defence to run Kargil airport|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/75094/ministry-of-defence-to-run-kargil-airport|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date= 29 December 2002|access-date=29 July 2019}}</ref> The air force operates seasonal flights that carry cargo and transport civilians during the winter.<ref>{{cite news|title= J&K starts air courier service for Kargil|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/packaging/jk-starts-air-courier-service-for-kargil/articleshow/2637165.cms|work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=20 December 2007|access-date=29 July 2019}}</ref> The nearest major airports are the [[Leh Airport]] with regular domestic flights and the [[Srinagar International Airport]].<ref name="Kargil" />

===Rail===

[[Srinagar railway station]] is the nearest railway station from the town, and has limited railway services. The nearest major railhead is the [[Jammu Tawi railway station]] located about {{cvt|440|km}} from the town.<ref name="Kargil" />

== See also ==

* [[List of districts of Ladakh]]
* [[Geography of Ladakh]]
* [[Tourism in Ladakh]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|India}}

[[Category:Minority concentrated districts in India]]
[[Category:Districts of Ladakh]]

Black Friday (2004 film)

2026-05-02T07:15:48Z

Drsuruchipuri: Creating New Info and Citations

{{short description|2004 film by Anurag Kashyap}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Black Friday
| image = Black Friday (2007).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Anurag Kashyap]]
| producer = Arindam Mitra
| writer = Anurag Kashyap
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Black Friday: The True Story of the Bombay Bomb Blasts]]''|[[Hussain Zaidi]]}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Pawan Malhotra]]
*[[Kay Kay Menon]]
*[[Aditya Srivastava]]
*[[Imtiaz Ali (director)|Imtiaz Ali]]
*[[Pratima Kazmi]]
*[[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakir Hussain]]
}}
| music = [[Indian Ocean (band)|Indian Ocean]]
| cinematography = [[Natty Subramaniam|Natarajan Subramaniam]]
| editing = [[Aarti Bajaj]]
| studio = Mid Day Multimedia Limited Big Bang Pictures Mirror Films
| distributor = [[Jhamu Sughand]] [[Reliance Entertainment|Adlabs]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2004|08|13|[[Locarno International Film Festival|Locarno]]|2007|02|09|India}}
| runtime = 162 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR|6.5 [[crore]]}}<ref name=budget>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/are-small-budget-films-the-next-big-thing-in-bollywood/articleshow/3141565.cms?intenttarget=no|title=Are small budget films, the next big thing in Bollywood?|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=18 June 2008|access-date=1 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101195818/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/are-small-budget-films-the-next-big-thing-in-bollywood/articleshow/3141565.cms?intenttarget=no|archive-date=1 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR|8 crore}}<ref name=budget />
}}

'''''Black Friday''''' is a 2004 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[crime]] [[drama film]] written and directed by [[Anurag Kashyap]]. Based on ''[[Black Friday: The True Story of the Bombay Bomb Blasts]]'', a book by [[Hussain Zaidi]] about the [[1993 Bombay bombings]], it chronicles the events that led to the blasts and the subsequent police investigation. Produced by Arindam Mitra of ''[[Mid-Day]]'', the film stars [[Pawan Malhotra]], [[Kay Kay Menon]], [[Aditya Srivastava]], [[Kishor Kadam]] and [[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakir Hussain]].

Mitra, director of operations for ''Mid Day'', approached Kashyap with the book and wanted him to write a television series based on it for the ''[[Aaj Tak]]'' TV news channel. Kashyap wrote the script in episodes for the six-part [[miniseries]] but later felt a feature film was more appropriate for the topic. ''[[Aaj Tak]]'' backed away from the project, and it was shelved. Kashyap then suggested to the director [[Aditya Bhattacharya]] that he make it into a film. When Kashyap told him he felt there was a film to be made about the event, Bhattacharya gave it to him to direct. The film's soundtrack album and the background score were composed by the band [[Indian Ocean (band)|Indian Ocean]], while the lyrics were written by [[Piyush Mishra]]. [[Natty Subramaniam|Natarajan Subramaniam]] served as the director of photography, while [[Aarti Bajaj]] was its editor.

''Black Friday'' premiered at the 2004 [[Locarno International Film Festival]] and was supposed to be released the same year in India. However, after a petition filed by a group accused of the 1993 bomb blasts challenging the film's release, the [[Bombay High Court]] issued a stay. Until judgement was delivered on the case, it could not be released. On 9 February 2007, after the verdict was announced, the [[Supreme Court of India]] allowed its release. The film received critical acclaim. It won the Grand Jury Prize at the [[Indian Film Festival of Los Angeles]] and was a nominee for the Golden Leopard award at the Locarno International Film Festival. Made on a production budget of {{INRConvert|6.5|c}}, it grossed a total of {{INRConvert|8|c}} at the box office.

==Plot==
On 9 March 1993, a small-time thug, Gul Mohammed, is detained at the Nav Pada police station in [[Bombay]] and confesses to a conspiracy underway to bomb major locations around the city. The police dismiss his confession as a bluff, and three days later, a series of explosions take place in the city, leaving 257 dead and close to 1400 injured. Investigators discover the bombs made of [[RDX]], were smuggled into the city with the aid of customs officials and the border police.

[[Tiger Memon]] is an underworld don whose office was burned during the [[Bombay riots]]. The persecution of Muslim minorities in the riots leads to a meeting of underworld leaders in Dubai who take it upon themselves to seek retribution. Memon suggests an attack on Bombay would send the strongest message of retaliation.

Asgar Muqadam, his secretary, is arrested on 14 March 1993. He is beaten until he provides whatever information he has about the bomb blasts. This initiates a full-scale police inquiry. Deputy Commissioner of Police, [[Rakesh Maria]], is put in charge of the case. Badshah Khan, one of the henchmen who had left Bombay and gone into hiding, was arrested by the police on 10 May 1993. Following the blast, accomplices to the crime are forced to lead a life of anonymity and secrecy as it becomes evident the Mumbai police have begun picking up the suspects one by one. To make matters worse, their passports seem to have been destroyed at the behest of Memon.

Despite assurances to the contrary, the high command blatantly refuses any help once the bombings have occurred. Tired of being let down by his own people and without a place to hide, Badshah Khan realises there is no justification for his acts and decides to become a police witness. On 4 November 1993, the police filed a charge sheet against 189 accused. The [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] takes over the case. On 5 August 1994, Tiger's brother, Yaqub Memon, willingly turns himself in to the authorities. In a candid ''Newstrack'' interview on national television, Yaqub states that it was Tiger and his underworld associates who orchestrated the conspiracy.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Pavan Malhotra]] as [[Tiger Memon]]
* [[Kay Kay Menon]] as DCP [[Rakesh Maria]]
* [[Aditya Srivastava]] as Badshah Khan
* [[Kishor Kadam]] as ACP Bhaskar Dangle
* [[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakir Hussain]] as Inspector [[Nandakumar Chaugule]]
* [[Murali Sharma]] as Inspector Virendra Vani aka VV Vani
* Ramdas Jadhav as Inspector Srirang Nadgouda
* Sanjay Gandhi as DCP K.L Bishnoi
* [[Ravi Kale]] as Inspector Sawant
* Bharat Ganeshpure as Inspector Kadam
* [[Imtiaz Ali (director)|Imtiaz Ali]] as [[Yakub Memon]]
* [[Pankaj Jha]] as Anwar Theba
* [[Pratima Kazmi]] as Mrs. Khan, Badshah's mother
* [[Master Raju]] as Pervez Shaikh
* [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]] as Asgar Mukadam
* Pranay Narayan as Imtiaz Gawate
* Raghunath Singh as Sheikh Ali Terrorist
* [[Vijay Maurya]] as [[Dawood Ibrahim]]
* [[Dibyendu Bhattacharya]] as Yeda Yakub
* [[Gajraj Rao (actor)|Gajraj Rao]] as Dawood Phanse
* Prakash Jais as Farooq Pawle
* Goutam Maitra as Nasir Deklu
* [[Raj Arjun]] as Akram / Nasir
* [[Ragesh Asthana]] as Mohammad Dossa
* [[Raj Singh Chaudhary]] as Mushtaq Tarani
* [[Jeetu Shastri]] as Salim Phansopkar
* [[Sharad Ponkshe]] as DCP [[Arup Patnaik]]
* Aliya Curmally as Shabana Memon
*[[Savi Sidhu]] as Commissioner Amarjit Singh Samra
* [[Ashraful Haque (actor)|Ashraful Haque]] as Bashir Khan
* [[Asif Basra]] as Shanawaz Qureshi
* [[Anurag Kashyap]] as ISI agent at landing boat
}}

==Production==
[[File:Dharavi Slum in Mumbai.jpg|thumb|right|Some portions were also shot at the [[Dharavi]] slums.]]
On 12 March 1993, a [[1993 Bombay bombings|series of 12 bomb blasts]] took place in [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]. The attacks were carried out in retaliation for the [[Bombay riots]] that occurred earlier in the year. They resulted in 257 deaths and 713 injuries.<ref>{{cite book|title=Black Friday: The True Story of the Bombay Bomb Blasts|last=Zaidi|first=S Hussain|publisher=Penguin Books|year=2002|isbn=9789351180791}}</ref> [[Anurag Kashyap]]'s feature film directorial debut ''[[Paanch]]'' ran into censorship trouble and had been shelved when Arindam Mitra, director of operations for ''[[Mid-Day]]'', approached him with the book ''[[Black Friday: The True Story of the Bombay Bomb Blasts]]'' written by [[Hussain Zaidi]], their chief crime correspondent.<ref name=hidden>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/feb/07anurag.htm|title=We shot Black Friday with hidden cameras|last=N|first=Patcy|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=7 February 2007|access-date=1 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227205755/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/feb/07anurag.htm|archive-date=27 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> He wanted Kashyap to write a television series based on it for ''[[Aaj Tak]]'', to be directed by [[Aditya Bhattacharya]].<ref name=fc>{{cite AV media|title=FC Director's Choice: Black Friday: Anurag Kashyap in Conversation With Vikramaditya Motwane|publisher=Film Companion|via=YouTube|date=8 December 2014|medium=Motion picture|location=India}}</ref> Kashyap read an unedited version of the book, which had not been released at that point, and was "fascinated" by it.<ref name=fc/> He wrote the script in episodes for the mini series but later felt it was better suited as a feature film.<ref name=fc/>

''Aaj Tak'' backed off from the project after their executives read the first episode and the project was abandoned.<ref name=fc/> Kashyap then suggested Bhattacharya to make it into a film to which Bhattacharya offered him to direct instead.<ref name=fc/> Zaidi wrote the book following three years of research on the subject. Kashyap researched for a year, including attending court to see how criminals look and to observe how court procedures work.<ref name=hidden/> He discovered criminals look normal and cast his actors based on this observation. The film's characters are all real people, including: [[Kay Kay Menon]] playing investigating officer [[Rakesh Maria]], [[Pawan Malhotra]] as [[Tiger Memon]] and [[Aditya Srivastava]] as Badshah Khan, the police approver who helped them crack the case.<ref name=hidden/> Filmmaker [[Imtiaz Ali (director)|Imtiaz Ali]] portrayed the role of [[Yakub Memon]].<ref name=throw>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/yakub-memon-hanged-to-death-did-you-know-director-imtiaz-ali-played-yakub-memon-on-screen-black-friday-anurag-kashyap-yakub-death-sentence-supreme-court-hanging-nagpur-285509-2015-07-30|title=#ThrowbackThursday: Did you know director Imtiaz Ali played Yakub Memon on screen?|last=Bhattacharya|first=Ananya|work=[[India Today]]|date=30 July 2015|access-date=13 October 2018|archive-date=12 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012222840/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/yakub-memon-hanged-to-death-did-you-know-director-imtiaz-ali-played-yakub-memon-on-screen-black-friday-anurag-kashyap-yakub-death-sentence-supreme-court-hanging-nagpur-285509-2015-07-30|url-status=live}}</ref> To get their perspective, Kashyap also read ''Voices'', a book recommended by Zaidi, which includes the testimony of several individuals who were arrested.<ref name=fc/> He asked [[Devashish Makhija]], who was his assistant director, to do the research. Makhija described the research material he found, and Kashyap continued to write. This resulted in the script being completed in 36 hours.<ref name=fc/>

To recreate several of the film's locations, Kashyap watched actual footage from the government's Film Division, read all the newspapers describing the incident, and looked at press photographs.<ref name=hidden/> The most challenging thing for the crew, since the film was being shot in 2003, was to recreate 1993 when there were no cell phones or satellite television in India. The film was shot on the streets of Mumbai to avoid modern cars. It could not be shot from low angles because the hoardings and neon signs were contemporary. The crew had to make sure there were no mobile phones visible in the film.<ref name=hidden/> Kashyap said in an interview that he needed the city and had to "trim" it: "I shot mostly from the top angle and focused on my characters. There was a lot of guerrilla type shooting where nobody in the city came to know-we shot with hidden cameras. The police were [''sic''] supportive, ''Mid Day'' was at the job for permissions and all those things."<ref name=hidden/> He retained the actual names of people in the film who were involved in the blast.<ref name=throw/>

Kashyap shot the film without permission on actual locations.<ref name=fc/> In the film, Dawood's house was shot in three locations including Dubai and [[Lonavala]].<ref name=fc/> Because of the film's low-budget, the crew slept inside buses at night, shot the film during the day and moved to the next location.<ref name=fc/> Kashyap shot at Behrampura, the site where the actual bomb was planted, using two hidden cameras, while the crew used walkie-talkies to communicate to avoid attracting a crowd.<ref name=dark>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/01/31/stories/2005013101510400.htm|title=Still in the dark|last=Siddiqui|first=Rana|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=30 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103205502/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/01/31/stories/2005013101510400.htm|archive-date=3 November 2012|date=2005-01-31}}</ref> The film's principal photography began in October 2003 and was completed in 70 days.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/jul/23black.htm|title=Black Friday will be a honest, hard hitting film|last=N|first=Anjum|work=Rediff.com|date=23 July 2003|access-date=30 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623195621/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/jul/23black.htm|archive-date=23 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> A twelve-minute police chase sequence in the film was improvised and shot in the [[Dharavi]] slums. It was neither in the script nor in the book. Kashyap wanted it because he felt it was boring to show normal arrests. He also wanted to use the chase to show the criminals' background and the exhaustion of the police.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/oct/24anurag.htm|title=Our cinema is immature|last=N|first=Patcy|work=Rediff.com|date=24 October 2007|access-date=1 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924144449/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/oct/24anurag.htm|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media|title=ANATOMY OF A SCENE: Anurag Kashyap on Black Friday|publisher=Rajeev Masand|via=YouTube|date=19 January 2018|location=India}}</ref> [[Natty Subramaniam|Natarajan Subramaniam]] served as the [[director of photography]], while [[Aarti Bajaj]] was the editor.<ref name=realism>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/Realism-at-its-best/article14718837.ece|title=Realism at its best|work=The Hindu|date=11 February 2007|access-date=29 September 2018|archive-date=25 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125174208/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/Realism-at-its-best/article14718837.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Main|Black Friday (soundtrack)}}
The band [[Indian Ocean (band)|Indian Ocean]] composed the soundtrack album and the background score, while [[Piyush Mishra]] wrote the lyrics.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1060325/asp/calcutta/story_6014047.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102013031/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1060325/asp/calcutta/story_6014047.asp|archive-date=2018-01-02|title=Riding a rhythm wave|last=Mullick|first=Inam Hussain|work=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]|date=25 March 2006|access-date=29 September 2018}}</ref> It was Indian Ocean's first film soundtrack and consisted of nine tracks—three songs and six instrumentals. The album was released on 15 June 2005 under the [[Times Music]] label,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/black-friday/72017435|title=Black Friday|date=3 May 2005 |publisher=[[iTunes Store]]|access-date=15 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306050744/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/black-friday/id72017435|archive-date=6 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> and in DVD format on 23 July 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Friday-Original-Motion-Picture-Soundtrack/dp/B00BD9PRDC|title=Black Friday (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)|website=Amazon|access-date=29 September 2018|archive-date=12 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012222839/https://www.amazon.com/Friday-Original-Motion-Picture-Soundtrack/dp/B00BD9PRDC|url-status=live}}</ref> Kashyap said he opted for the band because he "wanted to use someone away from the pollution of Mumbai kind of music, sounds that are virgin, which have an eccentricity too".<ref name=dark/> [[K. J. Singh]] served as the sound producer.<ref name=all>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/black-friday-mw0001565570|title=AllMusic Review by Bhasker Gupta|last=Gupta|first=Bhasker|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=19 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021040520/http://www.allmusic.com/album/black-friday-mw0001565570|archive-date=21 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Release==
''Black Friday'' premiered at the 2004 [[Locarno International Film Festival]] and was screened at festivals in Germany, Estonia, South Korea and the United States.<ref name=throw/><ref name=udita>{{cite news|url=https://www.screendaily.com/controversial-black-friday-finally-cleared-for-release-in-india/4030691.article|title=Controversial Black Friday finally cleared for release in India|last=Jhunjhunwala|first=Udita|work=[[Screen International]]|access-date=13 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825041243/https://www.screendaily.com/controversial-black-friday-finally-cleared-for-release-in-india/4030691.article|archive-date=25 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> It was ready for screening in India on 29 December 2005. A petition was filed by Mustaq Moosa Tarani, one of the accused, who stated the film could prejudice the case. His petition noted the final verdict in the trial had not yet been released and demanded a ban on the film until then. The [[Bombay High Court]] agreed and directed that the film not be released.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/feb-release-for-black-friday/cid/739430|title=Feb release for Black Friday|work=The Telegraph|date=11 January 2007|access-date=13 October 2018|archive-date=13 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013014344/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/feb-release-for-black-friday/cid/739430|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Mid Day'' appealed to the Supreme Court, challenging the High Court's judgment. However, the court lifted the ban only after the verdicts were delivered in 2006.<ref name=udita/>

Kashyap did not feel the long delay before the film's release would "impair" its impact. He said: "It's a timeless film with a universal theme of religious intolerance leading to terrorism."<ref name=udita/> He said that he was getting dressed in a suit, ready for the film's premiere on the release day, when he heard of the ban. He wore the same suit for a month and went into depression.<ref name=fc/> The film was released after a twenty-month ban on 9 February 2007 on 100 screens in India, 10 in the United States, and three in South Africa. The worldwide distribution rights were acquired by Adlabs Films.<ref name=udita/> The film was released in DVD format on 5 April 2007 and is also available on online streaming services [[Hotstar]] and [[Netflix]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Friday-Bollywood-Indian-malhotra-Kashyap/dp/B0016GOLRA|title=Black Friday|website=Amazon |date=5 April 2007 |access-date=13 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916165958/https://www.amazon.com/Friday-Bollywood-Indian-malhotra-Kashyap/dp/B0016GOLRA|archive-date=16 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hotstar.com/movies/black-friday/1000067428|title=Black Friday|publisher=Hotstar|access-date=21 September 2019|archive-date=21 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921054839/https://www.hotstar.com/movies/black-friday/1000067428|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.netflix.com/in/title/70077720|title=Black Friday|website=Netflix|access-date=17 August 2020}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

''Black Friday'' was made on a production budget of {{INRConvert|6.5|c}} and grossed a total of {{INRConvert|8|c}} at the box office.<ref name=budget/> It won the Grand Jury Prize at the [[Indian Film Festival of Los Angeles]], and was a nominee for the [[Golden Leopard]] (Best Film) at the 57th [[Locarno International Film Festival]].<ref name=udita/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/itihaas/fullstory.php?id=13476924 |title=Mid Day's Black Friday reaches Locarno |website=[[Sify]] |date=17 May 2004 |access-date=8 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909005136/http://www.sify.com/itihaas/fullstory.php?id=13476924 |archive-date= 9 September 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.pardo.ch/details.do?methodcall=filmDetails&oc=75901&l4=en |title=Black Friday |publisher=Pardo.ch |access-date=8 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518095253/http://archive.pardo.ch/details.do?methodcall=filmDetails&oc=75901&l4=en |archive-date=18 May 2015 }}</ref>

==Critical reception==
Upon its release, ''Black Friday'' received critical acclaim. [[Rajeev Masand]] gave it a positive review and said it is "one of the best" films he'd watched in recent years. He wrote: "Please don't dismiss it as a boring art film, don't confuse it for a documentary, it's a dramatic feature that will rock your boat."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rajeevmasand.com/uncategorized/masands-verdict-black-friday/ |title=Masand's Verdict: Black Friday |last=Masand |first=Rajeev |website=RajeevMasand.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008061336/https://www.rajeevmasand.com/uncategorized/masands-verdict-black-friday/ |archive-date=8 October 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=8 October 2018}}</ref> Prithiviraj Hegde of [[Rediff.com]] noted: "While the film stays true as a dark, brooding, evil tale, it is told with a droll, dry humour that brings a smile even as the protagonists head toward their final unforgiving denouement."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/feb/09black.htm |title=Black Friday is grim yet great |last=Hegde |first=Prithviraj |date=9 February 2007 |work=Rediff.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103103955/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/feb/09black.htm |archive-date=3 November 2017 |url-status=live |access-date=8 October 2018}}</ref> [[Anupama Chopra]] said the film had "several memorable sequences" but felt it was "static" as the screenplay does not allow the "characters to evolve or engage".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/your-week/story/20070226-black-friday-by-anurag-kashyap-749177-2007-02-26 |title=Review of Anurag Kashyap's Black Friday |last=Chopra |first=Anupama |date=26 February 2007 |work=India Today|access-date=8 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008061306/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/your-week/story/20070226-black-friday-by-anurag-kashyap-749177-2007-02-26 |archive-date=8 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Taran Adarsh]] praised the actors' performances calling the film "hard-hitting" with "the courage to say what it says".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/black-friday/critic-review/black-friday-movie-review/ |title=Black Friday Review by Taran Adarsh |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |date=9 February 2007 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217215250/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/black-friday/critic-review/ |archive-date=17 February 2017 |url-status=live |access-date=15 April 2015}}</ref> [[Nikhat Kazmi]] called it a "powerful, pointed and hard-hitting cinema that needs to be seen."<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/Black-Friday/movie-review/1587135.cms |title=Black Friday Movie Review |last=Kazmi |first=Nikhat |date=10 February 2007 |work=The Times of India |access-date=13 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160614041015/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/Black-Friday/movie-review/1587135.cms |archive-date=14 June 2016 |url-status=live |author-link=Nikhat Kazmi}}</ref>

Deepa Gahlot of [[Sify]] called it a "fabulously crafted and superbly enacted film, but not stark enough to be documentary and not fictional enough to be a feature". She felt that Kashyap tried to justify Memon's actions in the film.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/black-friday-review-bollywood-pclwldjbceija.html |title=Black Friday |last=Gahlot |first=Deepa |date=9 February 2007 |website=[[Sify]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008022701/http://www.sify.com/movies/black-friday-review-bollywood-pclwldjbceija.html |archive-date=8 October 2018 |url-status=dead |access-date=8 October 2018}}</ref> Rahul Desai of ''[[Film Companion]]'' wrote that the film is "more of a feeling—singularly shocking, stirring, cataclysmic, yet journalistic and depressingly objective, and one of the great achievements in Indian cinema".<ref name="desai">{{Cite news |last=Desai |first=Rahul |date=6 September 2018 |title=Every Anurag Kashyap Film, Ranked |work=[[Film Companion]] |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/anurag-kashyap-best-movies-ranked-black-friday-gangs-of-wasseypur-bombay-velvet/12/ |url-status=dead |access-date=27 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008062852/https://www.filmcompanion.in/anurag-kashyap-best-movies-ranked-black-friday-gangs-of-wasseypur-bombay-velvet/12/ |archive-date=8 October 2018}}</ref> [[Baradwaj Rangan]] mentioned in his review that the film is a series of "superbly-orchestrated sequences" saying the "only thing you could fault it for is that it doesn't know when to stop".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2007/02/11/review-black-friday/ |title=Review: Black Friday |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |date=11 February 2007 |work=Baradwaj Rangan Wordpress |access-date=8 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008022707/https://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2007/02/11/review-black-friday/ |archive-date=8 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Namrata Joshi]] of ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]'' called it an "audacious, daring and explosive piece of cinema".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/black-friday/233984 |title=Black Friday |last=Joshi |first=Namrata |date=26 February 2007 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |access-date=8 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008061240/https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/black-friday/233984 |archive-date=8 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2014, [[Raja Sen]] called it Kashyap's "possibly best" and a "gripping, gloriously gritty film".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/birthday-special-raja-sen-celebrates-anurag-kashyaps-movies/20140910.htm |title=Birthday Special: Raja Sen celebrates Anurag Kashyap's movies |last=Sen |first=Raja |date=10 September 2014 |work=Rediff.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008061304/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/birthday-special-raja-sen-celebrates-anurag-kashyaps-movies/20140910.htm |archive-date=8 October 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=8 October 2018}}</ref> [[Khalid Mohamed]] called the film "defiantly uncompromising" and Kashyap's direction "unbelievably mature and searching".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/review-black-friday/story-6QHk764dlsnLltlOrtKFsN.html |title=REVIEW: Black Friday |last=Mohammed |first=Khalid |date=9 February 2007 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=8 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008061227/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/review-black-friday/story-6QHk764dlsnLltlOrtKFsN.html |archive-date=8 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> A review carried by ''[[The Hindu]]'' cited it as "one of the finest Indian films of recent years".<ref name=realism/>

Among overseas critics, Matt Zoller Seitz of ''[[The New York Times]]'' described the film as "epic and raw, and cut out from the same bloody cloth as ''[[Salvador (film)|Salvador]]'' and ''[[Munich (2005 film)|Munich]]''".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2007/02/08/movies/09blac.html?ref=movies |title=Madness in Mumbai |last=Seitz |first=Matt Zoller |date=8 February 2007 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=31 January 2009 |archive-date=17 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817085111/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/08/movies/09blac.html?ref=movies |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]''{{'}}s Kirk Honeycutt compared the film's "journalistic inquiry into cataclysmic social and political events" to that of [[Gillo Pontecorvo]]'s ''[[The Battle of Algiers]]''. He noted the film is objective without any "lurid [[sensationalism]]".<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/film/reviews/article_display.jsp?&rid=775 |title=Black Friday |last=Honeycutt |first=Kirk |date=5 May 2005 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=31 January 2009 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070823234408/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/film/reviews/article_display.jsp?&rid=775 |archive-date=23 August 2007 }}</ref> [[Maitland McDonagh]] felt the film "humanizes the bombers without excusing their actions". She also said it "owes more to films like ''Munich'' than mainstream commercial spectacle".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/black-friday/review/286207/ |title=Black Friday |last=McDonagh |first=Maitland |work=[[TV Guide (magazine)|TV Guide]] |access-date=8 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008022835/https://www.tvguide.com/movies/black-friday/review/286207/ |archive-date=8 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

David Chute of ''[[LA Weekly]]'' described it as "a rigorously naturalistic docudrama about a complex police investigation".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/black_friday_2005 |title=Black Friday |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205084541/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/black_friday_2005/ |archive-date=5 December 2017 |url-status=live |access-date=8 October 2018}}</ref> Ethan Alter of ''[[Film Journal International]]'' called it "a potent reminder that Indian filmmaking isn't limited to Bollywood super-productions".<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.filmjournal.com/node/16804 |title=Black Friday |last=Alter |first=Ethan |date=13 February 2007 |work=[[Film Journal International]] |access-date=8 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008061348/http://www.filmjournal.com/node/16804 |archive-date=8 October 2018 }}</ref> ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]''{{'}}s Derek Elley called it a "fact-based procedural whose drama gets lost amid its analytical detail."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://variety.com/2004/film/reviews/black-friday-1200531609/ |title=Black Friday |last=Elley |first=Derek |date=19 August 2004 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=8 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008022746/https://variety.com/2004/film/reviews/black-friday-1200531609/ |archive-date=8 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> A review carried by ''[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]]'' called the film a "[[post-9/11]] food for thought and a vivid reminder not to get arrested in India, where the prisoners' bill of rights is very short".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.timeout.com/london/film/black-friday |title=Black Friday |date=15 February 2007 |work=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] |access-date=8 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008022808/https://www.timeout.com/london/film/black-friday |archive-date=8 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Legacy==
''Black Friday'' is cited by several critics and film scholars as Kashyap's best work.<ref name=desai/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scoopwhoop.com/Black-Friday-Is-Anurag-Kashyaps-Best-Film/#.0wh68qdl1|title='Gangs of Wasseypur' Was Great, But 'Black Friday' Is Easily Anurag Kashyap's Best Film Yet|last=Mukherjee|first=Tatsam|publisher=[[ScoopWhoop]]|date=9 February 2017|access-date=13 October 2018|archive-date=12 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012222839/https://www.scoopwhoop.com/Black-Friday-Is-Anurag-Kashyaps-Best-Film/#.0wh68qdl1|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was included in [[IBN Live]]'s 2013 list of the 100 greatest Indian films of all time and ''Mint''{{'s}} list of 70 iconic films of Indian cinema.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/13200-30.html| title=100 Years of Indian Cinema: The 100 greatest Indian films of all time | website=[[IBN Live]] | date=17 April 2013 | access-date=12 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425234547/http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/13200-30.html | archive-date=25 April 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Consumer/bQ0uThQTjybnvoYe13twlJ/70-iconic-films-of-Indian-cinema.html|title=70 iconic films of Indian cinema|work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|date=18 August 2017|access-date=17 November 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026163502/http://www.livemint.com/Consumer/bQ0uThQTjybnvoYe13twlJ/70-iconic-films-of-Indian-cinema.html|archive-date=26 October 2017}}</ref> In 2010, Raja Sen mentioned it in The Top 75 Hindi Films of the Decade list.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-top-75-hindi-films-of-the-decade/20100209.htm#3|title=The Top 75 Hindi Films of the Decade|last=Sen|first=Raja|author-link=Raja Sen|work=Rediff.com|date=9 February 2010|access-date=2 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105115534/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-top-75-hindi-films-of-the-decade/20100209.htm|archive-date=5 January 2016}}</ref> It was included in critic and author Shubhra Gupta's book, ''50 Films That Changed Bollywood, 1995-2015''.<ref>{{cite book|title=50 Films That Changed Bollywood, 1995-2015|last=Gupta|first=Shubhra|publisher=Harper Collins|year=2016|isbn=9789351778486}}</ref> [[Danny Boyle]] cited ''Black Friday'' as an inspiration for his 2008 Academy award-winning film ''[[Slumdog Millionaire]]''. He stated that a chase in one of the opening scenes was based on a "12-minute police chase through the crowded [[Dharavi]] slum" in ''Black Friday''.<ref>{{cite web|author=Amitava Kumar|title=Slumdog Millionaire's Bollywood Ancestors|work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|date=23 December 2008|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2008/12/slumdog-millionaires-bollywood-ancestors.html|access-date=2008-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414231203/http://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2008/12/slumdog-millionaires-bollywood-ancestors|archive-date=14 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2014 filmmaker [[Vikramaditya Motwane]], when asked about the most important films in last decade, replied ''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]'' (2006) and ''Black Friday''.<ref name=fc/>

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0400234|Black Friday}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|black_friday_2005|Black Friday}}
* {{Mojo title|blackfriday}}

{{Anurag Kashyap}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Black Friday}}
[[Category:2004 films]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:Indian police films]]
[[Category:2004 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian docudrama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films set in India]]
[[Category:Films set in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Films set in the United Arab Emirates]]
[[Category:Films set in Dubai]]
[[Category:2004 crime drama films]]
[[Category:2004 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:2000s crime action films]]
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]
[[Category:Films set in 1993]]
[[Category:1993 Bombay bombings]]
[[Category:D-Company]]
[[Category:Film censorship in India]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Maharashtra Police]]
[[Category:Films based on non-fiction books]]
[[Category:India–Pakistan relations in popular culture]]
[[Category:Films set in Delhi]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Films set in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Films set in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:Films about Islamic terrorism in India]]
[[Category:Films about jihadism]]
[[Category:Films about corruption in India]]
[[Category:Films about organised crime in India]]
[[Category:Films about religious violence in India]]
[[Category:Films directed by Anurag Kashyap]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Anurag Kashyap]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Cockfighting in film]]
[[Category:Censored films]]
[[Category:Works subject to a lawsuit]]

Pambattam

2026-05-01T12:18:05Z

Drsuruchipuri: creating stub

{{No plot|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Pambattam.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name = 
| director = [[V. C. Vadivudaiyan]]
| writer = V. C. Vadivudaiyan
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = V. Palanivel
| starring = [[Jeevan (Tamil actor)|Jeevan]] [[Mallika Sherawat]] [[Rittika Sen]] [[Saipriya Deva]] V. C. Vadivudaiyan
| narrator =
| cinematography = Iniyan J Haris
| editing = [[Suresh Urs]]
| music = [[Amresh Ganesh]]
| studio = Vaithiyanathan Film Garden
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|2|23}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Pambattam''''' ({{Translation|[[Paampu attam|Snake dance]]}}) is a 2024 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[horror thriller film]]<ref name="Year">{{Cite web |date=4 January 2020 |title=Jeevan chose this script from the three that I narrated to him: Vadivudaiyan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jeevan-chose-this-script-from-the-three-that-i-narrated-to-him-vadivudaiyan/articleshow/73084444.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107123603/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jeevan-chose-this-script-from-the-three-that-i-narrated-to-him-vadivudaiyan/articleshow/73084444.cms |archive-date=7 January 2020 |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> directed by [[V. C. Vadivudaiyan]] and starring himself, [[Jeevan (Tamil actor)|Jeevan]], [[Mallika Sherawat]], [[Rittika Sen]], and [[Saipriya Deva]]. The film was released after a four-year delay to highly negative reviews. The film was dubbed in Hindi as ''Naagmati'', which had a [[Television film|direct-to-television]] release on 21 September 2023 on [[Zee Cinema]] prior to the theatrical release of the Tamil version.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZR9QHcNCu0 |title=Naagmati {{!}} 21st Sept, Thur, 8 PM {{!}} TV Par Pehli Baar {{!}} Promo {{!}} Zee Cinema |date=18 September 2023 |publisher=[[Zee Cinema]] |access-date=26 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826035635/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZR9QHcNCu0 |archive-date=26 August 2024 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Jeevan (Tamil actor)|Jeevan]] as R. Boominathan / Saravanan
*[[Mallika Sherawat]] as Mangamma Devi
*[[Suman (actor)|Suman]] as Police Officer
*[[Rittika Sen]] as Radhika
*[[Saipriya Deva]] as Nagamati
*[[V. C. Vadivudaiyan]] as K. Kali
*[[Salil Ankola]]
*[[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]]
* Rikin
*[[J. Livingston|Livingston]] as Thief
*[[Ramesh Khanna]] as Police Officer
*[[Saravana Sakthi]] as Police Officer
*[[Karate Raja]] as Police Officer
* Niyamat Khan
* Andrea Kurunathan
}}

== Production ==
The film began production in January 2020 and [[Jeevan (Tamil actor)|Jeevan]] accepted to star after listening to three of [[V. C. Vadivudaiyan]]'s scripts.<ref name="Year" /> This film marked his comeback to films after a five-year gap.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Avinash |date=4 January 2020 |title=Jeevan's comeback film titled 'Paambaattam' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2020/Jan/04/jeevans-comeback-film-titled-paambaattam-2084806.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115012354/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2020/jan/04/jeevans-comeback-film-titled-paambaattam-2084806.html |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> The film was planned as a multilingual film with the Hindi version titled as ''Naagmati''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 November 2021 |title=Amrish's Bollywood debut Nagamati is a historical fiction starring Mallika Sherawat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/amrishs-bollywood-debut-nagamati-is-a-historical-fiction-starring-mallika-sherawat/articleshow/87608293.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710165031/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/amrishs-bollywood-debut-nagamati-is-a-historical-fiction-starring-mallika-sherawat/articleshow/87608293.cms |archive-date=10 July 2023 |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Mallika Sherawat]] plays a queen in the film, which marks her return to Tamil cinema after a twelve-year gap.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2020 |title=Mallika to play a modern-day queen in her Kollywood comeback |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/mallika-to-play-a-modern-day-queen-in-her-kollywood-comeback/articleshow/73871569.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928115136/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/mallika-to-play-a-modern-day-queen-in-her-kollywood-comeback/articleshow/73871569.cms |archive-date=28 September 2021 |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2020 |title=12 years after Dasavataaram, Mallika Sherawat to make a comeback in Kollywood with Pambattam |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/12-years-dasavataaram-mallika-sherawat-make-comeback-kollywood-pambattam/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301235923/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/12-years-dasavataaram-mallika-sherawat-make-comeback-kollywood-pambattam/ |archive-date=1 March 2020 |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref> Sherawat joined the sets in February 2021 during the second schedule and shot some of her dialogues in Hindi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2021 |title=Mallika Sherawat to join the set of Vadivudaiyan's Pambattam |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/mallika-sherawat-to-join-the-set-of-vadivudaiyans-pambattam/articleshow/81194657.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715182806/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/mallika-sherawat-to-join-the-set-of-vadivudaiyans-pambattam/articleshow/81194657.cms |archive-date=15 July 2022 |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> A dungeon set was made at [[Binny and Co.|Binny Mills]] in Chennai. The stunts were choreographed by [[Super Subbarayan]]. Jeevan sustained several injuries including burns from torches falling in a narrow passage and a hairline muscle tear from falling through gaps between beds while rolling sideways on the ground.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Rinku |date=28 November 2022 |title=Location Diaries: Jeevan for Pambattam- A walk through fire |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/features/2022/Nov/28/location-diaries-jeevan-for-pambattam-a-walk-through-fire-37131.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201062608/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/features/2022/nov/28/location-diaries-jeevan-for-pambattam-a-walk-through-fire-37131.html |archive-date=1 February 2023 |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> At the film's trailer launch, [[Saipriya Deva]] said that she signed the film as a heroine but lamented about how her name was disregarded from promotional material.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2022 |title="Why Are You Cornering Me? " – Actress's Question To Director On Stage Created Controversy |url=https://chennaimemes.in/why-are-you-cornering-me-actresss-question-to-director-on-stage-created-controversy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203223748/https://chennaimemes.in/why-are-you-cornering-me-actresss-question-to-director-on-stage-created-controversy/ |archive-date=3 February 2023 |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=Chennai Memes}}</ref>

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film {{Fraction|1|1|2}} out of 5 and wrote that "The overall vibe of ''Pambattam'' is jaded and even comical. The scenes that are supposed to be pretty serious, like a marriage by abduction and even the death of one of the important characters, just don't make you feel any kind of emotion".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Radhakrishnan |first=Roopa |date=Feb 23, 2024 |title=Pambattam Movie Review : A 'so bad it's good' movie that's jaded and even unintentionally comical |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/pambattam/movie-review/107932454.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223155048/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/pambattam/movie-review/107932454.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=23 February 2024 |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Dinakaran]]'' wrote that the director delivered the film in the old formula of telling a historical story and then combining it with a social story.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2024 |title=பாம்பாட்டம் விமர்சனம் |url=https://cinema.dinakaran.com/pampatam-criticism/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323102108/https://cinema.dinakaran.com/pampatam-criticism/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[Dinakaran]] |language=Ta}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Zee Tamil]]'' wrote that since it is a small budget film, they did not spend much on [[Computer graphics|CG]] scenes, and it would have turned out to be a better film if only a little attention had been paid to it.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2024 |title=ஜீவன் நடித்துள்ள பாம்பாட்டம் படம் எப்படி உள்ளது? திரைவிமர்சனம்! |url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/jeevan-starring-pambattam-movie-review-in-tamil-489958 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229172732/https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/jeevan-starring-pambattam-movie-review-in-tamil-489958 |archive-date=29 February 2024 |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[Zee Tamil]] |language=Ta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2024 horror thriller films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:Indian horror thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Amresh Ganesh]]
[[Category:Tamil-language horror films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language thriller films]]

Yavatmal Lok Sabha constituency

2026-04-30T02:17:46Z

Drsuruchipuri: added some page with sources - done

{{short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Yavatmal
| type = LS
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = Maharashtra
| union_territory =
| established = 1951
| abolished = 2008
| assembly_cons =
| reservation =
}}

'''Yavatmal''' (formerly known as '''Yeotmal''') was one of the 48 [[Lok Sabha]] constituencies of [[Maharashtra]] state in western [[India]]. This constituency was spread over [[Yavatmal district|Yavatmal]] and [[Chandrapur district|Chandrapur]] districts.<ref name=delimitation1976>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/eci-backend/public/api/download?url=LMAhAK6sOPBp%2FNFF0iRfXbEB1EVSLT41NNLRjYNJJP1KivrUxbfqkDatmHy12e%2FzVx8fLfn2ReU7TfrqYobgIrAKrpRHHl6YJ4Q5EEVH2zMUwwV41By7LxYIONuVC9Vr%2F%2BN7sXnVcBsMXgIVrEWgvCh1zBtwm72mAwODimlm7Nzk%2BznOQZFhtTvKNHJqeI%2BB |title=The Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1976 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=1 December 1976 |access-date=16 July 2024 |url-access=limited}}</ref> In 2008, constituency borders were re-drawn.

==Members of Parliament==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1951 Indian general election|1951]]
| Sahadeo Bharti
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}
|-
| [[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
| Deorao Yeshwantrao Gohokar
|-
| [[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
| rowspan=2|Bhausaheb Alias Deorao Shioram Patil
|-
| [[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|-
| [[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
| [[Sadashivrao Bapuji Thakre|Sadashivrao Thakre]]
|-
| [[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
| [[Shridharrao Jawade]]
|-
| [[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
| rowspan=4|[[Uttamrao Deorao Patil]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress |rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|-
| [[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|-
| [[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
| [[Rajabhau Ganeshrao Thakre|Rajabhau Thakre]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
| rowspan=2|[[Uttamrao Deorao Patil]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
| [[Harising Nasaru Rathod|Harising Rathod]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| colspan=4 align=center|''2008 Onwards : See [[Yavatmal-Washim Lok Sabha constituency]]''
|-
|}

==Election result==
===General election 2004===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general election]]: Yavatmal<ref>https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4126-general-election-2004-vol-i-ii-iii/</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Harising Nasaru Rathod|Harising Rathod]]
| votes = 298,513
| percentage = 44.95
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Uttamrao Deorao Patil|Uttamrao Patil]]
| votes = 241,709
| percentage = 36.40
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Ramesh Agarwal
| votes = 30,137
| percentage = 4.53
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Kishorbhau Tiwari
|votes =26,927
|percentage =4.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|candidate = Sheetal Kavadooji Markam
|votes = 23,995
|percentage = 3.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party= Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh
|candidate= Anand Baliram Gaikwad
|votes= 15,273
|percentage=2.30
|change=
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party= Independent
|candidate= Damadu Nagorao Kumbhekar
|votes=12,297
|percentage=1.90
|change=
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party= Independent
|candidate= Purushottam Domaji Bhajgaware
|votes=10,865
|percentage=1.60
|change=
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 56,804
| percentage = 8.55
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 663,978
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1999===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1999 Indian general election]]: Yavatmal<ref>https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4125-general-election-1999-vol-i-ii//</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Uttamrao Deorao Patil|Uttamrao Patil]]
| votes = 258,535
| percentage = 42.01
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Harising Nasaru Rathod|Harising Rathod]]
| votes = 243,309
| percentage = 39.54
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Nationalist Congress Party
| candidate = [[Rajabhau Ganeshrao Thakre|Rajabhau Thakre]]
| votes = 77,968
| percentage = 12.67
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent
|candidate = Kishorbhau Tiwari
|votes =19,076
|percentage =3.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|candidate = Sheetal Kavadooji Markam
|votes = 14,181
|percentage = 2.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 15,226
| percentage = 2.47
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 615,388
| percentage = 64.39
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1998===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1998 Indian general election]]: Yavatmal<ref>https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4124-general-election-1998-vol-i-ii//</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Uttamrao Deorao Patil|Uttamrao Patil]]
| votes = 291,415
| percentage = 47.71
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Rajabhau Ganeshrao Thakre|Rajabhau Thakre]]
| votes = 236,742
| percentage = 38.76
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Janata Dal
| candidate = [[Anil Anna Gote]]
| votes = 58,749
| percentage = 9.62
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
| candidate = Niranjan Sitaram Meshram
| votes = 7,678
| percentage = 1.20
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Dasharath Pandurang Madavi
| votes = 6,983
| percentage = 1.10
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)
| candidate = [[Jambuwantrao Dhote|Bhau Jambuwantrao Dhote]]
| votes = 6,781
| percentage = 1.10
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 54,673
| percentage = 8.80
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 6,22,446
| percentage = 60.30
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1996===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1996 Indian general election]]: Yavatmal<ref>https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4123-general-election-1996-vol-i-ii//</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Rajabhau Ganeshrao Thakre|Rajabhau Thakre]]
| votes = 267,519
| percentage = 45.40
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]]
| votes = 228,957
| percentage = 38.90
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Janata Dal
| candidate = Pratap Lalsing Rathod
| votes = 33,023
| percentage = 5.71
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Pavitra Hindustan Kaazhagam
| candidate = [[Anil Anna Gote]]
| votes = 17,457
| percentage = 3.00
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Pushpatai Pundlik Atram
| votes = 5,134
| percentage = 0.90
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 38,562
| percentage = 6.50
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 5,89,243
| percentage = 58.58
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1991===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1991 Indian general election]]: Yavatmal<ref>https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4121-general-election-1991-vol-i-ii//</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Uttamrao Deorao Patil|Uttamrao Patil]]
| votes = 187,861
| percentage = 43.91
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Janata Dal
| candidate = Narayan Sitaram Ole Patil
| votes = 116,931
| percentage = 27.33
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Rajabhau Ganeshrao Thakre|Rajabhau Thakre]]
| votes = 92,064
| percentage = 21.52
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Jharkhand Party
| candidate = [[Jambuwantrao Dhote|Bhau Jambuwantrao Dhote]]
| votes = 5,704
| percentage = 1.30
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Dashrath Pandurang Madavi
| votes = 4,079
| percentage = 0.90
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent
| candidate = Adv. Chandrakant Ruikar
| votes = 3,765
| percentage = 0.90
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 70,930
| percentage = 16.58
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 4,33,792
| percentage = 48.41
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1989===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1989 Indian general election]]: Yavatmal<ref>https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4119-general-election-1989-vol-i-ii/</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Uttamrao Deorao Patil|Uttamrao Patil]]
| votes = 228,713
| percentage = 43.85
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = Sureshbabu Lonkar Patil
| votes = 201,974
| percentage = 38.72
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = Namdeorao Khobragade
| votes = 13,862
| percentage = 2.66
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Janata Dal
| candidate = Ramesh Shridharpant Malvi
| votes = 12,269
| percentage =2.35
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Pushpatai Pundlik Atram
| votes = 12,063
| percentage =2.31
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent
| candidate = Pande Shriram Gunaji
| votes = 10,579
| percentage =2.03
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent
| candidate = Madhukar Wasudeorao Onkar
| votes = 10,443
| percentage =2.00
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 26,739
| percentage = 5.13
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 521,600
| percentage = 59.97
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1984===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1984 Indian general election]]: Yavatmal<ref>https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4118-general-election-1984-vol-i-ii/</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Uttamrao Deorao Patil|Uttamrao Patil]]
| votes = 274,957
| percentage = 63.63
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Indian Congress (Socialist)
| candidate = Janmohammed Noormohammed Gilani
| votes = 108,755
| percentage = 25.17
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = Devidas Teltumbde
| votes = 21,389
| percentage = 4.95
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = Ramesh Nanaji Jawade
| votes = 6,517
| percentage =1.51
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = Govindrao Punjaji Buchke
| votes = 5,396
| percentage =1.24
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Lok Dal
| candidate = Dattatraya Damodar Linganwar
| votes =817
| percentage =0.19
| change =
}}

{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 166,202
| percentage = 38.46
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 432,116
| percentage = 62.48
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser = Indian National Congress (I)
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1980===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1980 Indian general election]]: Yavatmal<ref>https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4117-general-election-1980-vol-i-ii/</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Uttamrao Deorao Patil|Uttamrao Patil]]
| votes = 281,387
| percentage = 71.42
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress (U)
| candidate = Balasaheb Ghuikhedkar
| votes = 81,207
| percentage = 20.61
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Republican Party of India (Khobragade)
| candidate = Ramdas Gadpayale
| votes = 14,028
| percentage = 3.56
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party =Independent
| candidate = Ranjitsingh Chunnilalji Gondhale
| votes =4,314
| percentage =1.10
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Janata Party (Secular)
| candidate = Badrinarayan Gopilal Changani
| votes = 3,549
| percentage = 0.90
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 200,180
| percentage = 50.81
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 393,972
| percentage = 62.10
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1977===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1977 Indian general election]]: Yeotmal<ref>https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4116-general-election-1977-vol-i-ii/</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress (R)
| candidate = [[Shridharrao Jawade]]
| votes = 192,228
| percentage = 49.23
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = Nanasaheb Yembadwar
| votes = 181,931
| percentage = 46.60
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = Ramnarayan Ramgopal Chamedia
| votes =6,280
| percentage =1.61
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = Shriram Gunaji Pande
| votes =4,983
| percentage =1.28
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 10,297
| percentage = 2.63
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 390,446
| percentage = 69.75
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = Indian National Congress (R)
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1971===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1971 Indian general election]]: Yeotmal<ref>https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4115-general-election-1971-vol-i-ii/</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress (R)
| candidate = [[Sadashivrao Bapuji Thakre|Sadashivrao Thakre]]
| votes = 205,086
| percentage = 53.90
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = All India Forward Bloc
| candidate = [[Jambuwantrao Dhote]]
| votes = 170,048
| percentage = 44.69
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Communist Party of India
| candidate = M Khurshidbhai
| votes =2,447
| percentage =0.64
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Praja Socialist Party
| candidate = Jainarayan Bhatrao Ahir
| votes =1,977
| percentage =0.52
| change =
}}

{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 35,038
| percentage = 9.21
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 380,488
| percentage = 77.52
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = Indian National Congress (R)
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1967===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1967 Indian general election]]: Yeotmal<ref>https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4114-general-election-1967-vol-i-ii/</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Deorao Shioram Patil
| votes = 167,416
| percentage = 47.61
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = [[Jambuwantrao Dhote]]
| votes = 153,768
| percentage = 43.72
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Republican Party of India
| candidate = M. K. S. M. Ansari
| votes = 21,279
| percentage = 6.05
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh
| candidate = D. B. Shirbhate
| votes = 9,212
| percentage = 2.62
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 13,648
| percentage = 3.89
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 351,675
| percentage = 76.71
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1962===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1962 Indian general election]]: Yeotmal<ref>https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4113-general-election-1962-vol-i-ii/</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Deorao Shioram Patil
| votes = 175,193
| percentage = 55.50
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = Godhajirao Sakharam Mukhare
| votes = 71,457
| percentage = 22.60
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Republican Party of India
| candidate = Sakharam Hari Awachar
| votes = 40,100
| percentage = 12.70
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent
| candidate = Baliram Kolsu Agame
| votes =9,184
| percentage =2.90
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent
| candidate = Ramchandara Shridhar Mahajan
| votes =5,016
| percentage =1.60
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 103,736
| percentage = 32.90
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 300,950
| percentage = 73.90
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1957===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1957 Indian general election]]: Yeotmal<ref>https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4112-general-election-1957-vol-i-ii/</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Dr. Deorao Yeshwantrao Gohokar
| votes = 148,694
| percentage = 63.31
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Bharatiya Jan Sangh
| candidate = Narayan Dravid
| votes = 86,166
| percentage = 36.69
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 62,528
| percentage = 26.62
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 234,860
| percentage = 66.63
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1951===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1951 Indian general election]]: Yeotmal<ref>https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4111-general-election-1951-vol-i-ii/</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Sahadeo Bharati
| votes = 124,376
| percentage = 56.09
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Socialist Party (India, 1948)
| candidate = Ramnarayan Chemadia
| votes = 54,887
| percentage = 24.75
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = Mahadeo Kolhe
| votes = 22,993
| percentage = 10.37
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = Sanjabrao Dhote
| votes = 19,501
| percentage = 8.79
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
| votes = 69,489
| percentage = 31.34
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 221,757
| percentage = 55.87
| change =
}}
{{Election box win with party link|
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{Authority control}}
{{coords|20.4|78.1|display=title}}

[[Category:Former Lok Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Yavatmal district]]
[[Category:Former constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:Chandrapur district]]

Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary

2026-04-19T20:39:17Z

Drsuruchipuri: adding new entry!

{{Short description|Roman Catholic religious congregation}}
{{Refimprove|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = {{big|Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary }}
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| abbreviation = ICM
| established = {{Start date and age|1897}}
| founder = Mother [[Marie Louise De Meester]], ICM
| founding_location = [[Mulagumudu]], India
| type = Centralized Religious Institute of Consecrated Life of Pontifical Right (for Women)
| purpose = Educational, social and foreign mission work
| headquarters = '''Generalate''' Rome, Italy
| region_served = Europe, Asia, Americas and Africa
| coordinates =
| num_members = 790
| num_members_year =
| leader_title = Mother General
| leader_name =
| leader_title2 = Religious affiliation
| leader_name2 = [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]]
| website =
| remarks =
| former_name = Missionary Canonesses of St. Augustine (1897–1963)
}}

The '''Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary''' (I.C.M.) are a [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[religious institute]] of [[pontifical right]] of women, dedicated to the service of those in need in the [[Third World]].

==History==
{{Main|Marie Louise De Meester}}
The Sisters were founded in [[Mulagumudu]], [[South India]], then under the rule of the [[British Raj]], in 1897 by Mother [[Marie Louise De Meester]], a [[canoness regular]] from [[Ypres]], Belgium. Always feeling a strong interest in the foreign missions of the Catholic Church, with the blessing of her [[prioress]], De Meester left her native country to respond to the invitation of the [[Discalced Carmelite]] friars in India to care for orphans and abandoned children. Her sole companion was [[Dom (honorific)|Dame]] Marie Ursule (civil name Germaine De Jonckheere), a [[novice]] of that same monastery. They arrived in India on November 7, 1897.<ref name=ICM>{{cite web|url=http://www.icm-missionaries.org/|work= Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary|title=ICM History}}</ref>

The Sisters ran homes for the aged and the sick, orphanages and schools. Other women came to join them and eventually the canonesses in India separated from the monastery in Belgium and formed a new [[religious congregation]], called the '''Missionary [[Canonesses]] of [[St. Augustine]]'''. The work began to grow and expand. From India De Meester established new communities of canonesses in the Philippines (1910), the West Indies (1914), the [[Dolores Mission, Los Angeles|United States]] (1919), in Congo, (1920), and China (1923). She died in Belgium in 1928.<ref name=ICM />

After [[World War II]], the canonesses established new communities in Burundi (1944), Hong Kong (1953), Taiwan (1959), Guatemala, (1964), Brazil (1965), Cameroon (1969), Haiti (1977), Lebanon, (1987), Mongolia (1995), and Chad (1996).<ref name=ICM />

In 1963 the canonesses sought to strengthen their missionary identity and became affiliated with the missionary priests of the [[Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary]]. They then changed the structure of the congregation to drop their status as a semi-[[enclosed religious order]] and their name to the one they now have.

The congregation numbers more than 790 members living in over 100 communities located on five continents. (2010).

==Notable members==
Sister [[Jeanne Devos]], I.C.M., is a leader in the National Domestic Workers Movement, which advocates in defense of domestic workers in India, who has been nominated for the [[Nobel Peace Prize]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.odis.be/lnk/en/OR_1005 Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary] in [https://www.odis.eu ODIS - Online Database for Intermediary Structures]
* [https://www.odis.be/lnk/en/AE_1028 Archives of the Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary] in [https://www.odis.eu ODIS - Online Database for Intermediary Structures]

{{Catholic religious institutes|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Canonesses Regular]]
[[Category:Catholic religious institutes established in the 19th century]]
[[Category:Catholic female orders and societies]]
[[Category:Christian organizations established in 1897]]
[[Category:Catholic missionary orders]]

Dhauhani Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:45:28Z

Drsuruchipuri: Creating Some Pg First Draft.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Dhauhani
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 82
| map_image = 82-Dhauhani.svg
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| established = 1976
| district = [[Sidhi district|Sidhi]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Sidhi Lok Sabha constituency|Sidhi]]
| reservation = ST
| mla = [[Kunwar Singh Tekam]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = Chhatra Pati Singh
}}

'''Dhauhani''' is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]].<ref name="election2013">{{cite web|title=Madhya Pradesh 2013|url=http://www.myneta.info/mp2013/index.php?action=show_candidates&constituency_id=175|website=myneta.info|publisher=National Election Watch|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="election2018">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies|url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/se98/background/S12/ListACs-MP.html|website=eci.nic.in|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="election2018-1">{{cite web|title=Vidhansabha Seats|url=http://www.electionsinindia.com/madhyapradesh/statepc.aspx|website=electionsininda.com|publisher=Election In India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref> It was established by ''The Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1976''<ref name=delimitation1976>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3939-dpaco-1976/ |title=The Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1976 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=1 December 1976 |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref> and is part of [[Sidhi District]]. As of 2023, it is represented by [[Kunwar Singh Tekam]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].{{update after|2029|1}}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]<ref name="election2003">{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2003 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3738-madhya-pradesh-2003/ |accessdate=22 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
|Chhatra Pati Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
|-
|[[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name=election2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3739-madhya-pradesh-2008/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=22 December 2021}}</ref>
|rowspan=4|[[Kunwar Singh Tekam]]
|-
|[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<ref name=election2013 name="election2013-1">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3740-madhya-pradesh-2013/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=22 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
|[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name=election2018/>
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dhauhani<ref name="election2023">{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh General Legislative Election 2020 |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Kunwar Singh Tekam]]
|votes = {{formatnum:82063}}
|percentage = 44.14
|change = +8.29
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Kamlesh Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:78742}}
|percentage = 42.36
|change = +8.86
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|candidate = Laldev Singh Kusharam
|votes = {{formatnum:11724}}
|percentage = 6.31
|change = -5.72
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Adhikar Party
|candidate = Pragya Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:2065}}
|percentage = 1.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ram Singh S/O Karan Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:1783}}
|percentage = 0.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3459}}
|percentage = 1.86
|change = +0.12
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:3321}}
|percentage = 1.78
|change = -0.57
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:185906}}
|percentage = 74.01
|change = -0.06
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dhauhani<ref name=election2018 name="election2018-2">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="election2018"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Kunwar Singh Tekam]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:57995}}
|percentage = 35.85
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Kamlesh Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:54202}}
|percentage = 33.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|candidate = Rupnarayan Singh Poya
|votes = {{formatnum:19457}}
|percentage = 12.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Awadh Pratap Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:9062}}
|percentage = 5.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Rajendra Kol
|votes = {{formatnum:2485}}
|percentage = 1.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Mahipal Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:2440}}
|percentage = 1.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Balraj Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:2224}}
|percentage = 1.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Revti Singh Maravi
|votes = {{formatnum:1974}}
|percentage = 1.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Shiv Sena
|candidate = Dharvend Baiga
|votes = {{formatnum:1871}}
|percentage = 1.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Girdhari Baiga
|votes = {{formatnum:1747}}
|percentage = 1.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bhartiya Shakti Chetna Party
|candidate = Kamalsay Panika
|votes = {{formatnum:1589}}
|percentage = 0.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2810}}
|percentage = 1.74
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:3793}}
|percentage = 2.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:161786}}
|percentage = 74.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coords|24.14|82.06|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhepura district]]
[[Category:Sidhi district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1976]]
[[Category:1976 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

Sagolmang Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:51:21Z

Drsuruchipuri: added the entry w/ infobox - done

{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sagolmang
| mla = Telem Bir
| party = [[INC]]
| state = [[Manipur]]
| district = [[Imphal East district|Imphal East]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Inner Manipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Inner Manipur]]
| established = 1967
| abolished = 1972
| reservation =
| electors =
| type= SLA
}}

'''Sagolmang Legislative Assembly constituency''' was a [[Manipur Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituency of [[Manipur]] state in [[India]]. It is now defunct.
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Winner !! colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1967 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || M. Ibohal || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[1972 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Telem Bir || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}
== Election results ==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1972|1972]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|38.30}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1967|1967]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|36.84}}
}}

=== 1972 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Sagolmang<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Manipur |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalReport%201972%20Manipur.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613125926/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalReport%201972%20Manipur.pdf|archive-date=13 June 2018}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Telem Bir |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,768 |percentage=38.30% |change=16.63% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thingbaijam Nongyai |party=Communist Party of India |votes=2,111 |percentage=29.21% |change=-7.64% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ngangom Herachando |party=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes=926 |percentage=12.81% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yumlembam Kula |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=798 |percentage=11.04% |change=4.75% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ningombam Ningthemjao |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=625 |percentage=8.65% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=657 |percentage=9.09% |change=-6.08% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,228 |percentage=78.09% |change= 4.78% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,448 |change =-36.70% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= 1.45% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1967 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Sagolmang<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Manipur |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Manipur%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143427/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Manipur%201967.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2018}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Ibohal |party=Communist Party of India |votes=3,856 |percentage=36.84% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. B. Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,268 |percentage=21.67% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=L. Birachandra |party=Independent politician |votes=1,856 |percentage=17.73% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=W. Kullo |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes=879 |percentage=8.40% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Komlajao |party=Independent politician |votes=785 |percentage=7.50% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Y. K. Singh |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=658 |percentage=6.29% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Bokul |party=Independent politician |votes=164 |percentage=1.57% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,588 |percentage=15.17% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,466 |percentage=73.31% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,925 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Communist Party of India |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Manipur Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Imphal East district]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Manipur Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/81-manipur/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Manipur}}

[[Category:Imphal East district]]
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Manipur]]
[[Category:Politics of Manipur]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Manipur]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 disestablishments in India]]

Sampagaon I Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:02:11Z

Drsuruchipuri: added new page initial version - done

{{Short description|Former constituency in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sampagaon I
| state = [[Mysore State]]
| constituency_no =
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| district = [[Belagavi district|Belagavi]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Uttara Kannada Lok Sabha constituency|Uttara Kannada]]
| established = 1957
| abolished = 1967
| electors = 
| reservation = None
| mla =
| party =
| latest_election_year =
}}
'''Sampagaon I Assembly constituency''' was one of the Vidhan Sabha constituencies in the state assembly of [[Mysore State|Mysore]], in India. It was part of [[Uttara Kannada Lok Sabha constituency]], which is adjacent to [[Belagavi Lok Sabha constituency]].

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Joujalgi Hemappa Virabhadrappa || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Kallur Alias Wali Chanappa Shankarappa
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Sampagaon I <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Kallur Alias Wali Chanappa Shankarappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 19,370 |percentage = 66.71% |change = {{decrease}}4.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Basavaraj Gurunaik Naik |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 9,665 |percentage = 33.29% |change = {{increase}}4.98 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,705 |percentage = 33.43% |change = {{decrease}}9.95 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 30,922 |percentage = 60.79% |change = {{decrease}}3.18 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 29,035}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 50,869 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.70 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}4.98 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Sampagaon I <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111195053/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Joujalgi Hemappa Virabhadrappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 21,461 |percentage = 71.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hosur Madivalappa Lingappa |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 8,474 |percentage = 28.31% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,987 |percentage = 43.38% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 29,935 |percentage = 63.97% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 29,935}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 46,798 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}
{{coord|15.595333|74.781479|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Belagavi district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Mysore State]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]

Jaan Nissar Lone

2026-04-12T17:47:05Z

Drsuruchipuri: starting new data.

{{Short description|Indian musician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Jaan Nissar Lone
| image = Jaan_Nissar_Lone_at_International_Family_Cinema_Festival_in_Russia.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name =
| alias =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1987|10|5}}
| birth_place = [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Kashmir]],India
| instrument = Guitar, piano, vocals
| genre = [[Pop music|Pop]], [[classical music]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/culture/article/Jaan-Nissar-Lone---A-musician-from-the-worlds-oldest-conflict-zone-22172199|title=Jaan Nissar Lone – A musician from the world's oldest conflict zone|date=28 November 2019|website=Mid-day}}</ref> [[soft rock]], [[Retro#Retro music|retro]], [[world music]]
| occupation = Musician, composer, record producer, music director
| years_active = 2010s–present
| label = [[Super Cassettes Industries T-Series|T-Series]], [[Zee Music Company]], AR Music Studios, [[Sony Music India]], Worldwide Records
| website = {{URL|jaannissarlone.com}}
}}
'''Jaan Nissar Lone''' (born 5 October 1987)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://networkknt.com/2023/11/jaan-nissar-lone-musical-maestro-from-jammu-and-kashmir-set-to-shine-globally/|title=Jaan Nissar Lone: Musical Maestro from Jammu and Kashmir Set to Shine Globally|website=networkknt|date=3 November 2023 }}</ref> is a [[Kashmir]]i musician, composer, director, and singer in the Bollywood industry.

== Biography ==
He started film composition with the Hindi film ''[[Shudra: The Rising]]'' in 2012.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/previews/shudra-the-rising/articleshow/11373811.cms|title=Shudra – The Rising|newspaper=The Times of India |date=5 January 2012}}</ref>
He has composed the song "Rubaru"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telanganatoday.com/vikrant-massey-finds-music-of-ginny-weds-sunny-diverse|title=Vikrant Massey finds music of 'Ginny Weds Sunny' diverse|first=Telangana|last=Today|date=7 October 2020|website=Telangana Today}}</ref> from the Bollywood film [[Ginny Weds Sunny]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/reel/974365/ginny-weds-sunny-music-review-soundtrack-for-netflix-romcom-hits-all-the-right-notes|title='Ginny Weds Sunny' music review: Soundtrack for Netflix romcom hits all the right notes|first=Devarsi|last=Ghosh|date=30 September 2020|website=Scroll.in}}</ref> which was nominated at the Mirchi Music Awards in the category of best Raga-based songs, along with his track, "Allah Teri Kya Shaan Hai," featured in the film "18.11: A Code of Secrecy."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.firstindia.co.in/news/entertainment/jaan-nissar-lone-a-dazzling-double-triumph-at-the-mirchi-music-awards | title=Jaan Nissar Lone: A Dazzling Double Triumph at the Mirchi Music Awards }}</ref>

He established AR Music Studios,<ref>{{Cite web|author1=Shail |url=https://allaboutmusic.in/jaan-nisar-lone/|title=Jaan Nisar Lone|work=All About Music |date=9 September 2021}}</ref> producing hits like "Harmukh Bartal," "Salam e Wazwane," "Peer Myanio,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://brighterkashmir.com//news/from-ar-music-studios--peer-myanio-to-harmukh-bartal|title=From AR Music Studios 'Peer Myanio' to 'Harmukh Bartal'|website=Brighter Kashmir}}</ref>" and "Dilbaro Portrait of Love."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://risingkashmir.com/-aim-to-promote-kashmiri-music-at-intl-level-jaan-nissar | title=Aim to promote Kashmiri music at int'l level: Jaan Nissar }}</ref>

On the release of "Dilbaro – Portrait of Love," Lone inaugurated another composition, "Asia and Africa – Together We Will Rise and Transcend," in Dubai. He received the title of Ambassador of Peace by the [[Universal Peace Federation]] (UPF).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Russia Honors Musician Who Seeks Harmony |url=https://www.upf.org/peace-ambassadors-reports/10935-upf-russia-honors-musician-who-seeks-harmony |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020160921/https://www.upf.org/peace-ambassadors-reports/10935-upf-russia-honors-musician-who-seeks-harmony|archivedate=20 October 2023|access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Universal Peace Federation}}</ref>

Lone was a nominee for ''[[Forbes]]''<nowiki/>' 2015 list of the top 100 celebrities in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Forbes India Celebrity 100 Nominees List For 2015 |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/special/forbes-india-celebrity-100-nominees-list-for-2015/41475/1 |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref> In October 2023 he received a doctorate from the International Eurasian University.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaan Nissar Lone Conferred Doctorate By Eurasian International |url=https://loudest.in/news/jaan-nissar-lone-conferred-doctorate-by-eurasian-international-16565.html |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Loudest |date=26 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

Jaan Nissar Lone was the jury of an International Music Contest [[Intervision Song Contest]] from India <ref>{{cite web |title=Jaan Nissar Lone Appointed Indian Jury for Intervision 2025, Rauhan Malik to Perform as Participant for India at Global Song Contest - Intervision | url=https://firstindia.co.in/news/entertainment/jaan-nissar-lone-appointed-indian-jury-for-intervision-2025-rauhan-malik-to-perform-as-participant-for-india-at-global-song-contest-intervision }}</ref>

Jaan Nissar Lone honoured at Global Dialogue on a new World Order for his remarkable work in advancing cultural diplomacy and global engagement <ref>{{cite web | title=World Public Summit India 2026: Dr. Jaan Nissar Lone Honored at Global Dialogue on a New World Order | url=https://thetimesofrussia.com/culture/world-public-summit-india-2026-dr-jaan-nissar-lone-honored-at-global-dialogue-on-a-new-world-order |access-date=23 March 2026 |website=The Times of Russia}}</ref>

== Global President of BRICS Culture Media Forum ==
In 2024, Jaan Nissar Lone was appointed Global President of the BRICS Culture Media Forum, where he advocates for global peace, cultural exchange, and the United Nations' role in fostering stability.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-05 |title=Bollywood music director & singer Jaan Nissar Lone becomes Global President of BCMF, advocates for peace |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood-music-director-singer-jaan-nissar-lone-becomes-global-president-of-bcmf-advocates-for-peace-13832169.html/amp |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=About – BRICS Culture Media Forum |url=https://bricsculturemediaforum.com/about-2/ |access-date=2024-11-25 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Discography ==

=== As music director ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%;"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Notes
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Shudra: The Rising]]''
|All songs and background score
|-
| 2014
| ''[[18.11: A Code of Secrecy]]''
| All songs
|-
| 2017
| [[JD (film)|''JD'']]
| 1 song: "Whiskey Soda"
|-
| 2017
| [[Half Widow]]
| 1 song: "Maai Chaanya"
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Pranaam]]''
| 1 song: "Run Ki Hai Dahad & Background Score"
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Ginny Weds Sunny]]''
| 1 song: "Rubaru"
|}

==== Non-film songs and albums ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Album/single
!Song
!Music
!Lyrics
!Singer(s)
!Notes
|-
|2016
|Single
|"Peer Myanio"<ref>{{Cite web |title=From AR Music Studios 'Peer Myanio' to 'Harmukh Bartal' |url=http://brighterkashmir.com//news/from-ar-music-studios--peer-myanio-to-harmukh-bartal |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Brighter Kashmir}}</ref>
| rowspan="24" | Jaan Nissar Lone
| Peer Zahoor
|[[Sniti Mishra]]
| Kashmiri
|-
| rowspan="5" |2017
|Single
|"Duchoku Japau Jetiya"
| Rajdweep
| Rani Hazarika
| Assamese
|-
|Single
|''Jugni''
| [[Tanveer Ghazi]]
| Jaan Nissar Lone
| Hindi
|-
|Single
|"Naina Huve Bawre"
| Sahil Fatehpuri
| Rani Hazarika
| Hindi
|-
|Single
|"Khodaya"
| Peer Zahoor
| Jaan Nissar Lone and [[Sniti Mishra]]
| Kashmiri
|-
|Single
|"Katyu Chhukh Nundbaane"
| Peer Zahoor
| Rani Hazarika
| Kashmiri
|-
| rowspan="4" |2018
|Single
|"DIL TOOT GAYAe"
| Sahil Fatehpuri
| [[Kamal Khan (singer)|Kamal Khan]]
| Hindi
|-
|Single
|"Harmukh Bartal"
| [[Habba Khatoon]]
| Jaan Nissar Lone and [[Sniti Mishra]]
| Kashmiri
|-
|Single
| "Tu Hai Kahan"
| [[Tanveer Ghazi]]
| Jaan Nissar Lone and Rani Hazarika
| Hindi
|-
|Single
| 'Maenzi Raath"
| Peer Zahoor
| Rani Hazarika
| Kashmiri Mehendi Song
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019
|Single
| 'Khuda Meherbaan"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Latest Hindi Song 'Khuda Meherbaan' Sung By Jaan Nissar Lone |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/latest-hindi-song-khuda-meherbaan-sung-by-jaan-nissar-lone/videoshow/71886441.cms |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
| [[Tanveer Ghazi]]
| Jaan Nissar Lone
| Hindi
|-
|Single
| 'Salam E Wazwane"
| Peer Zahoor
| Rani Hazarika
| Kashmiri Wazwaan Song
|-
| rowspan="2" |2020
|Single
|"Rouvmut Dildar"
| [[Habba Khatoon]]
| Jaan Nissar Lone and [[Sniti Mishra]]
| Kashmiri
|-
|Single
|"Tamanna Dua"
| Dr Sohail Nasti
| Jaan Nissar Lone
| Kashmiri
|-
| rowspan="4" |2021
|Single
|"Teri Yaad"
| Sahil Fatehpuri
| Jaan Nissar Lone
| Hindi
|-
|Single
|"Rang Rasiya"<ref>{{Cite web |title=AR MUSIC STUDIOS determined to spread Joy this Holi through 'RANG RASIYA'. |url=http://brighterkashmir.com//news/ar-music-studios-determined-to-spread-joy-this-holi-through-rang-rasiya |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Brighter Kashmir}}</ref>
| [[Tanveer Ghazi]]
| Jaan Nissar Lone and Rani Hazarika
| Hindi Holi Song
|-
|Single
|"Tu Hi Paraya"
| [[Tanveer Ghazi]]
| Jaan Nissar Lone
| Hindi
|-
|Single
|"Dil Hi Toh Hai"
| Hilal Khaliq Bhat
| Jaan Nissar Lone and Rani Hazarika
| Hindi
|-
| rowspan="5" |2022
|Single
|"Baal Maraieyo"
| Rasul Mir
| Aishwarya Pandit
| Kashmiri Sad Song
|-
|Single
|"Mere Ali Moula Ali"
| Nitishwar Kumar
| [[Richa Sharma (singer)|Richa Sharma]]
| Hindi
|-
|Single
|"Malanga"<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2022 |title=AR Music Studios garners 1.5 million hits on "Malanga" song within 24 hours on YouTube |url=https://networkknt.com/2022/07/ar-music-studios-garners-1-5-million-hits-on-malanga-song-within-24-hours-on-youtube/ |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Kashmir News Trust |language=en-US}}</ref>
| Kaushik Vikas
| Rani Hazarika
| Hindi Sufi Rock
|-
|Single
|"Wafa Kartam"
| Hilal Khaliq Bhat
| Jaan Nissar Lone and Rani Hazarika
| Kashmiri Romantic Song
|-
|Single
|"Qarar Rouvum"<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Qarar Rouvum-Song Review |url=https://thekashmirimages.com/2023/01/14/qarar-rouvum-song-review/ |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Kashmir Images Newspaper |date= 14 January 2023|language=en-US}}</ref>
| Dr Mushtaq Ah. Rather Pathan<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=30 December 2022 |title=Spiritual Music Track 'Qarar Rouvum' Released |url=https://kashmirobserver.net/2022/12/30/spiritual-music-track-qarar-rouvum-released/ |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Kashmir Observer |language=en-US}}</ref>
| Jaan Nissar Lone and [[Sniti Mishra]]
| Kashmiri
|-
|2023
|Single
|"Dilbaro – Portrait of Love"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Symphonic Resonance Abounds: AR Music Studios Enchants with Inaugural Rendition of 'Harmony Across Asia and Africa |url=https://firstindia.co.in/news/press-releases/symphonic-resonance-abounds-ar-music-studios-enchants-with-inaugural-rendition-of-harmony-across-asia-and-africa |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=firstindia.co.in |language=en}}</ref>
| Kunwar Juneja and Kashmiri Folk
| Jaan Nissar Lone, Rani Hazarika, Ananya Sritamnanda
| Hindi Song
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
! Year
!Awards
! Category
! Nominated work
! Result
! {{Tooltip|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2014
| [[7th Mirchi Music Awards]]
| Best Song Representing Sufi Tradition
| "Allah Teri Kya Shaan Hai", from ''[[18.11: A Code of Secrecy]]''
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2015/nominations/|title=MMA Mirchi Music Awards|website=MMAMirchiMusicAwards|access-date=26 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
|[[14th Mirchi Music Awards]]
| Best Raag Based Song The year Representing Sufi Tradition
| "Rubaru", from ''[[Ginny Weds Sunny]]''
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2022/nominations/|title=MMA Mirchi Music Awards|website=MMAMirchiMusicAwards|access-date=19 March 2022}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|id=nm9501680}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lone, Jaan Nissar}}
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male singers]]
[[Category:Musicians from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Kashmiri people]]
[[Category:Kashmiri musicians]]
[[Category:Indian pop composers]]
[[Category:Hindi film score composers]]
[[Category:Indian male singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian singer-songwriters]]

Tamil Nadu diaspora

2026-04-11T09:24:42Z

Drsuruchipuri: added a info from scratch - done

{{Short description|People who emigrated from Tamil Nadu}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=May 2017}}

{{Tamils}}

The '''Tamil Nadu diaspora''' ({{langx|ta|அயலகத் தமிழர்}} (''Ayalakat Tamiļar'')) comprises [[Tamil people|people]] who have emigrated from South Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]], (and other adjacent Tamil speaking areas) to other non-Tamil Indian states and other countries, and people of Tamil Nadu descent (and other adjacent Tamil speaking areas) born or residing in other non-Tamil Indian states and other countries.

==Early and Medieval migrations (before 1800s)==

{{Main|Hebbar Iyengars|Thigala|Sri Lankan Chetties|Chitty|Bharatha people|Kaikadi people|Negombo Tamils}}

Many of Tamil [[emigrants]] who left shores of Tamil Nadu before 18th Century and mixed with countless other ethnicities. In medieval period Tamilians emigrated as soldiers, traders and labourers settled in Karnataka, Maharashtra, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and intermixed well with local population, while few communities still maintain their language and culture. Many groups still claim descent from this era Tamil emigrants such as [[Kaikadi people|Kaikadis]] of Maharashtra, [[Thigala]]s, [[Hebbar Iyengar|Hebbars]] of Karnataka, [[Velama]]s of Northern Andhra, [[Chitty]]s of [[Malaysia]], and few sections of [[Sri Lankan Tamils|Sri Lankan Tamil]]s such as [[Sri Lankan Chetties]], [[Bharatha people]] and [[Negombo Tamils]].

==Modern Migration (1800 - 1950) ==

{{Main|Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka|Tamil Malaysians|Tamil South Africans|Tamil Mauritian|Malbars|Myanmar Tamils|Indians in Vietnam}}

During this period British, Dutch, French, Portuguese and Danish colony administrators recruited a lot of local Tamilians and took them to their overseas colonies to work as labourers, petty administration officers, clerical and military duties.

In the 19th century, Madras Presidency (of which the Tamil Nadu region was a core part of) faced brutal famines. Great Famine of 1876–78. Tamil Nadu was both politically and economically weak. Britishers thus made use of Tamil workers for their plantations to all over the world - significantly in [[Malaysia]], [[Mauritius]], [[Tamil South Africans|South Africa]], [[Sri Lanka]] (distinct from the [[Sri Lankan Tamils]]) and also as far as Fiji, Guyana, Trinidad.

Some of the Tamil groups (especially Chettiyars, Pillais, Muslims) emigrated as commercial migrants. These groups then dominated the trade and finance in primarily in [[Myanmar]], [[Singapore]], and other places. The first Indian to own a merchant ship during the British times comes from this group.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Raghuram|first1=Parvati|last2=Sahoo|first2=Ajaya Kumar|last3=Maharaj|first3=Brij|last4=Sangha|first4=Dave|title=Tracing an Indian Diaspora: Contexts, Memories, Representations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fraGAwAAQBAJ&dq=Madrasi+diaspora&pg=PA35|publisher=SAGE Publications India|language=en|date=16 September 2008|isbn=9788132100393}}</ref>

There is also a group of people from [[French India]] colonies of Pondicherry and Karaikal which emigrated and settled in other parts of the world, significantly in [[France]] and its [[French overseas territories|overseas territories]] (or former territories) in the Indian Ocean, such as [[Réunion]] and [[Seychelles]], and the French [[Caribbean islands]] of [[Martinique]] and [[Guadeloupe]]. They also settled in some other possessions of the [[French colonial empire]], such as [[French Indochina]] (current-day [[Vietnam]] and [[Cambodia]]), where Tamil-speaking migrants from [[British Raj|British India]] were also present.

These Tamilians well integrated, assimilated with their adopted countries, and became part and parcel of local populations in Mauritius, South Africa, Guyana, and Fiji. Where as [[Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka]], and [[Tamil Malaysians]] of Malaysia were evolved into distinct ethnic nationalities of their own but retaining their ancestral language and religion in their new homelands.

== Contemporary Migration (1950 - present) ==

In the second half of the 20th century, around 3.5 million Tamils emigrated from Tamil Nadu as skilled professionals, workers to various parts of India like Bangalore, Mumbai, Andaman Islands and also countries like UAE, USA, Singapore and so on. Some of them got citizenship of respective countries but still having strong family and cultural ties with Tamil Nadu, than those who migrated before 1950, who lost touch with their ancestral links in Tamil Nadu.

'''[[Bangalore]]''' city have a large [[Tamil People|Tamil]] population. It was built in 1537, and became split between its Kannadiga and Tamil residents in the 19th century. In 1991, 28% of Bangalore population of 4 million (i.e. 1.1 million) spoke Tamil.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/bangalore-population/ |title=Bangalore Population 2019 }}</ref> but dropped to 14% (1.5 million) in the 2011 census.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2900.XLSX |title=2011 census|work=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India }}</ref> Portion of them trace their ancestry to the large number of Tamil speaking soldiers, suppliers and workers who were brought into the Bangalore Civil and Military Station, by the British Army, after the [[Siege of Seringapatam (1799)|fall of Tippu Sultan]].

'''[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]''' has about 100,000 Tamils. The [[Andaman Tamils|Tamil speaking]] people of the Andaman and Nicobar islands are commonly known as the Madrasi (after Madras, erstwhile name of Tamil Nadu). Andaman Tamils, like Bangalore Tamils having a strong ties with Mainland Tamils of Tamil Nadu through marriages, cultural, religious and linguistic ties.

'''[[Singapore]]''' is home to about 600,000 Tamils, among them 410,000 are [[Tamil Nadu expatriates in Singapore|recent migrants]] from Tamil Nadu as of 2015.<ref name=diaspora>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/other-news/Singapore-most-preferred-by-Tamil-diaspora-Study/articleshow/51528007.cms |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401071725/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/other-news/Singapore-most-preferred-by-Tamil-diaspora-Study/articleshow/51528007.cms|archivedate=1 April 2016 |title=Singapore most preferred destination of Tamil diaspora, study finds |date= 23 March 2016 |work=Times of India }}</ref> The recent immigrants were distinct from Tamil-speaking [[Indian Singaporeans|native Singaporean]]s. Singapore has emerged as the most preferred destination among migrants from Tamil Nadu. A study in 2015 revealed that 410,000 of the 2.2 million Tamil diaspora were residing in Singapore.<ref>{{cite web|title=Singapore most preferred destination of Tamil diaspora - INDIA New England News|url=http://indianewengland.com/2016/03/singapore-preferred-destination-tamil-diaspora/|website=INDIA New England News|date=23 March 2016}}</ref> Early Tamil people of Singapore migrated from Tamil Nadu from as early as the 1820s. Recent decades thousands of Tamil people from Tamil Nadu migrating to Singapore for job prospects. Tamil Language is one of the four official languages in Singapore.<ref>Singapore, R. o. (1999). Constitution of the Republic of Singapore. Retrieved 10 1, 2010, from Singapore Statutes Online: http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?&actno=Reved-CONST&date=latest&method=part {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020713024759/http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?&actno=Reved-CONST&date=latest&method=part |date=2002-07-13 }}</ref> Singapore has dedicated Tamil Newspaper, Television and Radio station funded by Government of Singapore to promote [[Tamil language]].

In the '''[[United States]]''', there are 300,000 Tamils emigrated from Tamil Nadu living, among them 132,000 were Citizens(2010 US Census)<ref>[https://www.census.gov/hhes/socdemo/language/data/other/detailed-lang-tables.xls US Census 2010 See Row# 125]</ref> [[Central Jersey|Central New Jersey]] contains the largest population concentration of [[Indian Americans]] of Tamil descent. [[New Jersey]] houses Tamil associations including its own [[Tamil Sangam]].<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20031214103400/http://www.njtamilsangam.info/ New Jersey Tamil Sangam]}}</ref> Sizeable Tamil populations and various Tamil organisations have also developed in the [[New York City Metropolitan Area]] and the [[Washington Metropolitan Area]], as well as on the West Coast in the [[Silicon Valley]], where there are Tamil associations such as the Bay Area Tamil Manram.<ref name="Bay">[http://www.bayareatamilmanram.org/eng/introduction.php Bay Area Tamil Manram] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027163310/http://www.bayareatamilmanram.org/eng/introduction.php |date=2010-10-27 }}</ref>

The Middle East is home to over 1 million emigrants from Tamil Nadu,<ref name=diaspora /> and over 75.000 migrants immigrated to the Middle East in 2012 alone.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Uttar Pradesh sends the largest number of Indian workers abroad, not Kerala or Punjab|url = http://qz.com/225236/uttar-pradesh-sends-the-largest-number-of-indian-workers-abroad-not-kerala-or-punjab/|accessdate = 2015-09-15}}</ref> However, statistics on the numbers of migrants are scarce.

There are about 450,000 Tamilians in the '''[[United Arab Emirates]]''' having come from Tamil Nadu as professionals and workers in many sectors.<ref name=Sivasupramaniam>{{cite web|last=Sivasupramaniam|first=V.|title=History of the Tamil Diaspora|url=http://murugan.org/research/sivasupramaniam.htm|publisher=International Conferences on Skanda-Murukan}}</ref> Pongal and New Year are celebrated on a grand scale in [[Dubai]] and in a few other states. The first Tamil newspaper from the Middle East region was launched from Dubai on December 10, 2014. Tamil 89.4 FM radio is a Tamil radio broadcasting from Dubai UAE.

'''[[Australia]]''' becoming favorite destination for people from Tamil Nadu to migrate. In 2011–12, India became the largest source of permanent migration to Australia forming 15.7% of the total migration programme. According to the 2011 census there were 50,151 Australians, who spoke Tamil at home.<ref name=SBS>{{cite web|title=Census Explorer|url=http://www.sbs.com.au/yourlanguage/tamil/censusexplorer|publisher=[[Special Broadcasting Service]]|access-date=2016-12-06|archive-date=2014-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113034647/http://www.sbs.com.au/yourlanguage/tamil/censusexplorer|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Overseas Asians}}
{{Tamil diaspora}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tamil Diaspora}}
[[Category:Indian diaspora]]
[[Category:Demographic history of India]]
[[Category:Tamil diaspora]]

Darya Pur Kalan

2026-04-07T01:37:33Z

Drsuruchipuri: Creating Some Entry Initial Version

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Darya Pur Kalan
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = Hindi
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Delhi
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in India
| coordinates = {{coord|28|48|45|N|77|00|35|E|display=title, inline}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|Union Territory]]
| subdivision_name1 = Delhi
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[North West Delhi|North West]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 6,310
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=census2011>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/63923-darya-pur-kalan-delhi.html|title=Census 2011, Darya Pur Kalan town Data}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = Hindi, English
| demographics1_title2 = Unofficial
| demographics1_info2 = [[Haryanvi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Darya Pur Kalan''' (1329) is a [[village]] in [[North West Delhi|North West district]] in the Indian [[States and union territories of India|territory]] of Delhi.<ref name=censusindia>{{cite web | url=http://www.censusindia.co.in/towns/darya-pur-kalan-population-north-west-delhi-63923 | title=Darya Pur Kalan town | publisher=censusindia.co.in | accessdate=1 November 2017}}</ref>

==Demography==
In the 2011 census, Darya Pur Kalan had 1,143 houses with a population of 6,310, consisting of 3,342 males and 2,968 females.<ref name=census2011/> The population of children aged 0–6 was 825, making up 13.07% of the total population of the village.<ref name=census2011/> The average sex ratio was 888 out of 1000, which is higher than the state average of 868 out of 1000.<ref name=census2011/> The child sex ratio in the village was 759 out of 1000, which is lower than the average of 871 out of 1000 in the territory of Delhi.<ref name=census2011/> The total [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] population in the town was 1,443 people and all were Scheduled Castes. There are no people of the Scheduled Tribe in the town.<ref name=censusindia/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in North West Delhi district]]

{{Delhi-geo-stub}}

Deven Bharti

2026-03-28T22:23:07Z

Drsuruchipuri: Creating The Post W/ Sources

{{Short description|Indian police commissioner}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Deven Bharti
| image =
| caption =
| office = [[Commissioner of the Greater Mumbai Police|Commissioner]] of [[Mumbai Police]]
| deputy =
| predecessor = Vivek Phansalkar
| successor =
| term_start = 1 May 2025
| term_end =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1968|08|14}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPS : Query Result(s) |url=https://dtf.in/wp-content/files/Indian_Police_Service_IPS_-_Civil_List_2014.htm |access-date=13 October 2025|website=dtf.in}}</ref>
| birth_place =
| occupation = [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| alma_mater =
| module = {{Infobox police officer
| embed = yes
| service_years = 1994 - present
| rank = [[File:Director General of Police.png|25px]] [[Commissioner of the Greater Mumbai Police|Commissioner of Police]]
| department = [[Mumbai Police]]
}}
}}
'''Deven Bharti''' (born 14 August 1968) is an [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] officer (1994 Batch) of the [[Maharashtra]] cadre. He is currently serving as the [[Commissioner of the Greater Mumbai Police|Commissioner]] of [[Mumbai Police]] since 1 May 2025. He was part of the Mumbai Crime branch that probed an array of high-profile and sensitive cases including the [[2008 Mumbai attacks|26/11 Mumbai terror attack]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Senior IPS officer Deven Bharti appointed Mumbai Police Commissioner|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/senior-ips-officer-deven-bharti-appointed-mumbai-police-commissioner/article69508908.ece|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|date=30 April 2025|access-date=13 October 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=IPS officer Deven Bharti appointed as the new Mumbai police commissioner
|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/mumbai-news/ips-officer-deven-bharti-appointed-as-the-new-mumbai-police-commissioner/articleshow/120755169.cms|publisher=[[The Economic Times]]|date=30 April 2025|access-date=13 October 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Who is Deven Bharti, the new commissioner of Mumbai Police?
|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/who-is-deven-bharti-the-new-commissioner-of-mumbai-police-101745999131443.html|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=30 April 2025|access-date=13 October 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Deven Bharti, a high-profile officer who probed 26/11 attacks, is the new Mumbai police commissioner|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/deven-bharti-new-mumbai-police-commissioner-9974215/|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]|date=30 April 2025|access-date=13 October 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Deven Bharti who played key role in 26/11 investigation is Mumbai CP
|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/deven-bharti-who-played-key-role-in-26-11-investigation-is-mumbai-cp-101746041234726.html|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=1 May 2025|access-date=13 October 2025 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bharti, Deven}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Indian police chiefs]]
[[Category:Indian Police Service officers]]
[[Category:Police commissioners of Mumbai]]

Reang

2026-03-25T06:35:15Z

Drsuruchipuri: creating new pg!

{{Short description|Tripuri clan of Tripura state, India}}
{{Infobox clan
| clan name = Reang/Riang
| image badge =
| image_size =
| alt =
| chiefs crest =
| badge_caption =
| chiefs motto =
| chiefs slogan =
| war cry =
| country = [[India]], Bangladesh and Myanmar
| region = [[Tripura]], Mizoram and Assam
| district =
| ancestry =
| ethnicity = [[Tripuri people]]
| plant badge =
| animal =
| pipe music =
| chiefs name = none
| image arms =
| chiefs title =
| chiefs gaelic title =
| seat =
| historic seat =
| septs =
| branches =
| Allied clans =
| Rival clans =
| kindreds =
| titles = 
| last chiefs name =
| date of death of last chief =
| commander =
| image_arms_size =
}}

'''Reang''',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reang Tribal Research and Cultural Institute |url=https://trci.tripura.gov.in/reang |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=trci.tripura.gov.in}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=A Brief Account of Riangs in Mizoram |url=http://indianculture.gov.in/ebooks/brief-account-riangs-mizoram |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Indian Culture |language=en}}</ref> also known as '''Bru''', is one of the [[Tripuri people|Tripuri]] clan of the Northeast Indian state. The Reangs can be found all over the Tripura state in India. However, they may also be found in [[Assam]] and [[Mizoram]]. Their language is similar to Kokborok and the language itself is the branch of [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto Burman]], locally known as 'Kaubru'.<ref>{{Cite web |last=C Lianmawia |first=Nicholas |title=Identity of Bru in Mizoram |url=https://www.academia.edu/106306478 |website=Academia.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaubru Language |url=https://www.northeasttoday.in/2024/11/23/tripura-meeting-demands-official-recognition-of-reang-tribes-kau-bru-language-and-holiday-on-hojagiri-day/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Matisoff |first=James A. |title=Languages and Dialects of Tibeto-Burman |publisher=University of California |year=1996 |isbn=0-944613-26-8 |edition=2nd |location=Berkeley |pages=84}}</ref> They are known as "Riang" in the Indian Constitution.<ref name=":1" /> The Reang, on the other hand, identify as "Reang" rather than "Riang," and are often referred to as Bru. In the North East of India, the Brus call themselves as the Reangs, a semi-nomadic people who farm hillsides by the [[jhum]] or shifting method. This forces them to relocate after a few years.

Ethnically, the Bru are divided into three major clans: Meska and Molsoi and Uchoi/Ushoy. The Bru Community is made up of 14 clans or panjis: Molsoi, Tuimui, Msha, Taumayakcho, Apeto, Wairem, Meska, Raikchak, Chorkhi, Chongpreng, Nouhkham, Yakstam, Jolai and waring.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Msha |first=S.K |title=An Analytical Study on Bru Grammar |date=6 June 2025 |publisher=Naya Pustak Mahal |isbn=9789394123908 |edition=2nd |location=Kolkata |pages=10}}</ref>

According to Part XVII of the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950, the Riang (Bru) tribe is a sub-tribe of the Kuki tribe and one of Mizoram's Scheduled Tribes. The Kukis and Mizos are members of the Kuki-Chin Linguistic Group, while the Brus belong to the Austroasiatic/ Mon–Khmer Linguistic Group.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katuic languages |url=https://www.academia.edu/23781065}}</ref> As a result, the Tripura Bru/Reang are designated as a distinct tribe under Section 16 of Part XV - Tripura of the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order 1950.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Bru |url=https://anagrasarkalyan.gov.in/documnts/07-07-2017-11-33-34.pdf}}</ref>

In 2018, following the Union Home Ministry's decision to give voting rights to around 30,000 people who had fled from Mizoram to Tripura in [[1997 ethnic violence and displacement of Bru-Reang|1997 in the wake of inter-community violence]], The Election Commission asked the State of Mizoram to revise its rolls for the 2018 polls and include the members of the internally-displaced community. As many as 32,876 people of the Bru tribe were set to be repatriated to Mizoram after a tripartite agreement was signed between the centre, Tripura and Mizoram government.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bru people to get voting rights: Ministry |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bru-people-to-get-voting-rights-ministry/article24334042.ece |accessdate=5 July 2018 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> On 16 January 2020, a quadripartite agreement was signed among the centre, state governments of Tripura and Mizoram and Bru representatives to facilitate permanent settlement of Bru IDPs( Internally displaced people's) from Mizoram in Tripura, benefitting around 34,000 IDPs.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bru tribals from Mizoram to permanently settle in Tripura |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bru-tribals-from-mizoram-to-permanently-settle-in-tripura-pact-signed/articleshow/73306927.cms |accessdate=16 January 2020}}</ref>

==The history of Bru (Reang)==
The '''Bru''' are the second most populous tribe in Tripura after Tripuri people. According to the legend, a [[Tripuri people|Tripuri]] prince who was once exiled by the King made his way, along with his followers, to the Mayani Thalang area of [[Lushai hills]] and founded a state over there. He proclaimed himself King and his descendants too ruled over the break-away state for generations. As it sometimes happens, there came a time when there was no heir to succeed to the throne, leading to anarchy in the kingdom. At around the same time, bitter feud and internal vendetta saw four chiefs of the following sub tribes [[Twikluha]], [[Yongsika]], [[Paisika]], [[Tuibruha]] leave their hearth and home along with their entourages to migrate back to the state of Tripura. It was a long and arduous journey, fraught with danger and the travellers had to make more than a couple of attempts before they successfully made their way up the [[Dombur hill]].

At the time, Mahendra Manikya ruled the kingdom of Tripura. The chiefs made many attempts to reach the King to request asylum. They approached ministers, bureaucrats, and courtiers for help in arranging a meeting with the King but with no success. By this time, they had exhausted their supplies and were rather anxious to catch the attention of the King. Finally in desperation, they breached the dam on the [[Gumti river]] where worshippers had gathered for prayers. This was a serious crime and all of them were immediately apprehended and brought before the king. The crime was a serious one and merited capital punishment. But before the King could pass his judgement, the chiefs managed to send word to the [[Queen Gunoboti]]. They begged her for help and she persuaded the King to forgive them. The chiefs swore fealty to the Queen and to the throne of Tripura and settled down in the Kingdom. Popular legend has it that the Queen even offered the chiefs breast milk, to symbolise their new parent-child relationship, in a large brass pan which was given to the chiefs along with other valuable things, carefully preserved by Reangs to date.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tripura.org.in/reang.htm|title = Tripura, the land of fourteen gods and million statues}}</ref>

===Historical population figures===
In 1971 the Reang were the second largest of the scheduled tribes in Tripura. There were 64,722 people accounted for in the Reang tribe in Tripura that year. In 1961 the Reang had numbered 56,597 and in 1951 they had numbered 8,471.<ref>Gan-Chaudhuri, Jagadis. ''Tripura: The Land and its People''. (Delhi: Leeladevi Publications, 1980) p. 10</ref> According to the 2001 census, there were 165,103 Reang in Tripura and 1,88,220 in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Tripura - Data highlights: the scheduled tribes | url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_tripura.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071124160253/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_tripura.pdf | archive-date=2007-11-24}}</ref> In Mizoram the population of Bru is unknown but as per the research topic Insurgency in Mizoram: A study of its Origin, Growth and Dimensions (2008) in the year 1997 around 41000 Reang/Bru were forced to flee Mizoram but as of 2008 as per ‘''Baptist Today’'' there are 58269 populations of Bru in 80 villages of Mizoram. This population consists of 11350 families of Bru.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Digital Repository of Mizoram University: Home |url=http://mzuir.inflibnet.ac.in/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=mzuir.inflibnet.ac.in}}</ref>

==Occupation, culture and custom==
The Reangs are primarily an agrarian tribe. In the past, they mostly practised the '''Huk''' or '''Jhum cultivation''' like most other Tripuri tribes. However today, most of them have adopted modern agricultural practices. Many occupy high posts in the bureaucracy and a few have even started their own businesses.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}

===Marriage system===

The Reang are an endogamous tribal community. However, there was no strong objection of marrying someone outside of the community. Today inter-tribe marriages and inter-caste weddings have taken place among the Bru/Reang Tribal community.<ref name="auto">{{cite book|last1=Reang|first1=Lincoln|year=2017|title=Mapping the Particularly Vulnerable tribal Group in Tripura|publisher= Tribal Research & Cultural Institute, Tripura|isbn=9789386707161}}</ref> The marriage system is similar to other Tripuri tribes of Tripura. There is no dowry system, but the bridegroom has to spend a period of two years in the (future) father-in-law's house for before marriage is performed.<ref name="auto"/> The Tripuris' and the Riangs' systems of marriage are fairly comparable. The Riangs typically marry in one of two ways. They are.

(1) '''Moiseng''': This is a bride price-based marriage system.<ref name=":0" />

(2) '''Chamarui''': This is a proba-tionary marriage system where the groom remains with the bride's family for a predetermined amount of time.<ref name="auto"/>

Marriages between close relatives are not frowned upon but are no longer as frequent. The majority of parents still wish to marry a member of their close family with their son or daughter. Marriage between children and the same father, however, has historically been viewed as improper.<ref name=":0" /> Cross-cousin marriage among the Reang is accidental. Child marriage is not allowed and widow remarriage is permitted. Recent widows are required to wait a whole year before wearing any ornaments and both widows, as well as widowers, are mandated twelve months of mourning during which they are forbidden from any form of entertainment. Remarriage is only allowed after a year of mourning. Bru society today is monogamous.

Marriage is arranged through the matchmaker '''Andra''', who negotiates the bride price with the bride's parents. Marriage is settled to the satisfaction of both parties and performed by the Ochai. Marriage always takes place in the mid night.<ref name="auto"/> The marriage is celebrated simply but well in the '''Kausungmo''', where pork, [[fowl]], rice, rice beer are served. The marriage laws of the Reang are few but well defined. The marriage bond is very strong and men cannot divorce without the consent of their wives. If any Reang is accused of extramarital relationships and the accusations are proved true, a strict punishment and a heavy penalty is imposed on both parties.<ref name="auto"/>

Despite their patriarchal origins, the Chamerui marriage system, which many of the Riangs have adopted, is essentially a kind of matriarchal marriage. Divorce is very common, although the divorcee is free to get married again. After two divorces, a lady is never awarded a bride price in her third marriage. If a husband passes away, his widow is not permitted to wed again until her husband's bones have been properly disposed of. Additionally, a widower is prohibited from being married again before the ritualistic rite honoring his late wife is finished. Among the Reang community Monogamy has been considered as the best and only desirable form of Marriage.<ref name=":0" />

===Dress and ornaments===
Like the other Tripuri, the traditional dress of the Reang is simple and plain.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Akhanda|first1=Anugatamani|year=2008|title=Marriage System of the Tribal Societies of Tripura|publisher= Tribal Research & Cultural Institute, Tripura|isbn=9789386707475}}</ref>
Men traditionally wear a hand woven loin cloth and a piece of cloth as a wrapper for the upper body. Along with this a piece of woven cloth is wrapped around the head by '''Kamsoi''' and is known as '''Kamsoi maitang'''. The women wear a long cloth called rnai, a wraparound; from the waist to down to the knees, a [[Risa (garment)|Risa]] covering the chest, and '''Rikatouh''' for covering the whole upper half of the body. The fabric is usually woven by the Reang women and very colourful. However modernisation has caught up with the Bru and most urban Reang no longer wear their traditional costumes.<ref>[[File:Dress and Ornament.png|thumb]]
</ref>
[[File:Dress and Ornament.png|thumb|'''Dress and Ornament''']]
The Reang women are very fond of personal adornment and, like other Tripuris, favour ornaments, flowers, and cosmetics. Silver ornaments, especially the necklace of silver coins, the '''Rangbauh''' have a pride of place and bestow high status. The other ornaments are '''Sanghai dunang, Nabak, Angkli, Taar, Tro, Chandraha, Beingi''', etc.
[[File:Hojagri Dance.jpg|thumb|Hojagri Dance]]

===Dance and music===
[[File:Hojagri Dance Perform by Reang Women.jpg|thumb|'''Hojagri Dance Perform by Reang Women''']]
Dance is an integral part of Reang life. The Hojagiri folk dance of Reang sub tribe is rather well known all over the world. 'Buisu', not 'bihu' is the most popular festival of reang tribes, naisingpara hojagiri group is the most popular groups all among
them, late maniram reang is the founder of naisingpara hojagiri dance group.
hojagiri is more popular in tripura than other states. Hojagiri dance is one of Tripura's most famous dances. The dance is done at the HOJAGIRI Festivals, also known as Laxmi Puja, which take place on the full moon night after Durga Puja. Generally after the third day of Dashera. On this day, the Goddess Mailuma (Laxmi) is revered and adored with great devotion. The dance is done by solely women, who form teams of four to six. The Riang clan of Tripuri people performs this dance with great skill. The male members sing the lyrics and play the Kham (Traditional Drum), Sumui. In addition, the women comprise the chorus team in the singing ensemble. The lyrics are basic, but the dance is unparalleled to the lyrics of Hojagiri dance. This dance requires substantial training and rehearsals. It's a sluggish hip and waist moving dance. The Hojagiri dance pattern takes around 30 minutes to complete. This dance demonstrates the entire Huk or Jhum growing process. To some extent, it resembles Hukni dance, although the pace and sequence are completely different. This dance is world-famous and has been included in several international folk culture programs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tripura, the land of fourteen gods and million statues |url=http://www.tripura.org.in/hojagiri.htm |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=www.tripura.org.in}}</ref>

Sh. Satya Ram Riang is a Tripuri hojagiri dancer. He had dedicated his life to the development of Hojagiri dance, and he had built a school where he taught young people how to perform one of the Riang tribe's most famed and famous dance. Sh. Riang was received the Sangeet Natak Academy Award by the Government of India for his tireless efforts to conserve and promote the Hojagiri dance in India and internationally.<ref>{{Citation |title=Satyaram Reang |date=2024-07-19 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satyaram_Reang |access-date=2025-02-05 |language=en}}</ref>

===Customs===
Most of the disputed and differences are settled by the people of Kotor dofa, that is by the Rai and Kaskau of respective sub tribe. It is done through the customary law of the Reangs. Whenever a disputes arise in the between the member of the community, a meeting is called by the Rai. All relevant arguments are heard and then justice is done according to the principle of natural justice. Whatever verdict or punishment is pronounced in the judgment it is implemented with firm hand and payments of penalty etc. are made then and there.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}

==Religious belief and practices==
The majority (80%) of the Reang practice [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavite]] [[Hinduism]]. This differs from Bengali Hindus in Tripura, who mostly follow [[Shaktism]].<ref>{{cite conference |url= |title=Religious Belief and Practices of the Reang (Bru): Tradition and Transformation|first=Lincoln |last=Reang|year=2017 |conference=2nd international conference on latest innovation in arts, social science and technology |conference-url=http://data.conferenceworld.in/ICASH2/8.pdf|publisher= Indian Federation of United Nations Associations|isbn=9789386171771}}</ref> 20% are Christians. The houses of Hindus are clearly numbered and marked with the symbol of a [[Trishula|Trishul]] on the front wall to identify themselves as Hindus, though there is no segregation. The houses of Hindus and Christians are in mixed settlement and not segmented.<ref>{{cite news |title= Brus become visible, but their fight for identity continues |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/tripura-assembly/lokniti-csds-postpoll-study-2023-brus-become-visible-but-their-fight-for-identity-continues/article66580803.ece |accessdate=7 March 2023 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>

Like other [[Tripuri people|Tripuri]] people, the Reang are polytheists and believe in multiple Gods and Goddesses. At the heart of the pantheon of divinities are the [[Chaturdasa Devata|fourteen Gods and Goddess of Tripura]]. Their important festivals are the same those of prevailing in Tripura. These are, Buisi, Ker, Gonga Mtai, Goria, Chitragupra, Songrongma,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Deb Barma |first=B Motom |date=September 14, 2023 |title=Songrongma Mwtai Ter declared as Holiday |url=https://homchang.in/songrongma-mwtai-ter-declared-as-holiday/ |access-date=September 14, 2023 |website=Homchang}}</ref> Hojagiri, Katangi Puja, Lampra Uóhthoh. Laxmi puja is the very famous puja, which is celebrate on karthik poornima, Religious observances are community-based and every family in the clan or village must contribute their share of payment or tithe known locally as '''Khain'''.

All religious festivals are arranged during an annual meeting of chiefs. In such meetings political, social, and religious matters of importance are discussed and decided by the majority.

The deities of the Reangs are similar those of other Tripuri people. These are:
* ''Sibrai''', the supreme deity or '''Mtai Ktor'''
* '''Tuima''', the presiding deity of river
* '''Mainouhma''', the goddess of paddy
* '''Khuluhma''', the goddess of cotton
* '''Goroia''', the god of wealth prosperity, well-being, and war
* '''Kalaia''', brother of Goria
* '''Sangrongma''', Mother Earth
* '''Hathaikchuma''', the goddess of the hills
* '''Buraha''', the god of the jungle
* '''Thuhnairou''', the god of death
* '''Bonirou''', the god of evil spirits
* '''Nouhsuma''', the goddess of households

===Worshipping of the deities===
The rituals of worship are similar to the mainstream Tripuri. An Ao'''kchai''' or priest performs all ceremonies aided by an assistant. A green bamboo pole is used to represent the deity. Different types of life stock such as fowl, pig, goat eggs, etc. are offered as sacrifice during worship. The place of worship is usually located at a distance from the main village. Offerings are dedicated in the names of the deities before the Wathop or green bamboo pole which represents the divine. However the Rangtouk and Nouhsuma pujas are held indoors inside the house only. Two earthen pots are filled with newly grown rice and at top of the pot some oval pebbles especially collected from huk are placed. The pebbles are called "Fortune stones". The pots ('''Rongtouh''') are decorated with the rice powder, vermilion, and garlands. Typically, one is named Mainouhgma while the other is called Khuluhgma.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}

===Rituals on birth of a baby===
The birth of a baby is accompanied by many rituals. Several pujas like Kebengbuhmo, Aabuh sumo, Khongkhoknok kamo, bachak kamo, Mai tuma etc. are conducted for the welfare of the newborn. Fowl, prawns, and several leaves of trees are needed for these rituals. As the child grows up, a special form of worship has to be performed.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} Bukhuksni the seven-guardian deities of witches are propriated with the sacrifice of a pig, four fowls, and other living beings.

===Ceremony on death===
The Reang use cremation to dispose of the mortal remains of the dead. Obsequies are performed in three stages: maibaumi, Broksakami and Kthuinaimo.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}

====Brouhsaomo====
The corpse is first bathed with the '''Chobtui''' or "''alkali water/soap''", and '''Mairungtwi''' that is "''water obtained from the washing of raw rice''". After that it is dressed with new clean '''Rikatouh''', the head is dressed with another piece of rikatouh and wrapped just like headgear. In case of a female corpse, the rnai and rsa are used. A fowl is then sacrificed at the feet of the corpse. Later, an earthen pot filled with fish and rice placed at the feat of the deceased and it is followed by dance rituals through the night. Rice beer is distributed to all mourners except the family members of the deceased.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} The next morning the body is placed on a pyre and cremated.

====Kthoinaimo====
'''Laotou''' or the deceased soul remains under the control of the '''Sisi Manji''' the son of Buraha, for a year and it is said that Sisi Manji is the protector of the soul. On the day of the Kathainaimi, the widow offers dried rice, meat, fish, fruits, and wine in the name of Laotau and Sisi Manji on the '''smangnouh''' and then takes the burnt bones or ashes to the '''charainouh'''. It is worshiped for over a period of one year or until the next hangrai, when it is immersed in any river or in Gomati River at Dumbur.
In short the religious culture of the Reang is similar to that of other Tripuri of Tripura.

==The Displaced Reangs==
{{main|1997 ethnic violence and displacement of Bru-Reang}}
Since 1997, tens of thousands of Reangs are living as refugees in Tripura and Assam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/|title=Outlook India - India's Best Magazine| Find Latest News, Top Headlines, Live Updates|website=Outlook India}}</ref> However, the number has declined (from 50,000 plus to 28,686 as of 2017) as a result of voluntary repatriation to Mizoram, extremely low birth rates (only 6,685 of the 28,686 refugees are below 18 years of age) and high death rates.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Devising Pathways for Appropriate Repatriation of Children of Bru-Reang Community | url=https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Devising%20Pathways%20for%20Appropriate%20Repatriation.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824065904/https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Devising%20Pathways%20for%20Appropriate%20Repatriation.pdf | archive-date=2018-08-24}}</ref> The Tripura government has acknowledged that among the refugees the number of deaths is more than the number of births (during 1997–00, there were a total of 1,595 births and 1,670 deaths).<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web| title=Effects of the Crisis | url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/92967/14/14_chapter%206.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824065749/http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/92967/14/14_chapter%206.pdf | archive-date=2018-08-24}}</ref> According to the Bru Refugee Committee, in 1997 a total of 35,822 individuals were living as refugees (out of them 6,166 being minors).<ref name="auto1"/>

Voting rights for Reang refugees are under threat, as the Mizo NGOs have constantly opposed their participation in the election process. Out of the 40 assembly constituencies, Reangs are a majority in two (50% in Mamit, 68% in Hachhek, 27% in Thorang).

== Death in displaced camps ==

Displaced Brus from Mizoram have claimed that four members of the community, including a four-month-old infant, had died of starvation at the refugee camps in Tripura. Mizorum Bru Displanced People's Forum (MBDPF) said four had died because the refugees were running out of food. Hunger has forced them to resort to a road blockade, the forum added.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/brus-claim-starvation-as-4-die-in-tripura-camps/article29881577.ece|title = Brus claim starvation as 4 die in Tripura camps|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 5 November 2019}}</ref>

==References==
<references/>

{{Scheduled tribes of India}}
{{Hill tribes of Northeast India}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Ethnic groups in Tripura]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Tripura]]
[[Category:Languages of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Kuki tribes]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Northeast India]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in South Asia]]

Akancha Srivastava Foundation

2026-03-24T20:12:40Z

Drsuruchipuri: updated page

{{Infobox organization
| logo = ASF LOGO.jpg
| logo_size =
| motto =
| headquarters =
| location_city = [[Mumbai]]
| location_country = India
| type = Public Cyber Safety or Public Safety
| key_people =
| volunteers =
| founder = Akancha Srivastava
| founding_location = [[Maharashtra]]
| registration_id = U93090MH2017NPL301263
| status = [[Not-For-Profit]]
| purpose = Impact, Education & Social change
| website = {{URL|AkanchaSrivastava.Org}}
}}
'''Akancha Srivastava Foundation''' is an 80G certified, non-profit organization established in 2017 by Akancha Srivastava.<ref name="TH">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/caught-in-the-web/article18262856.ece|title=Caught in the web|last=Vijayan|first=Naveena|date=2017-04-28|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-02-12|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The Foundation works across India to promote cyber safety education and digital empowerment.<ref name="vog">{{Cite web|title=Vogue Warriors: Meet the social entrepreneur leading the fight against the rising rate of cyber crime during the lockdown|url=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/vogue-warriors-akancha-against-harassment-fighting-cyber-crime-during-the-lockdown|access-date=2020-11-15|website=Vogue India|date=22 May 2020 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== History ==
Akancha Srivastava Foundation was established in 2017 to address the urgent national need for structured cyber safety education and digital literacy. Since then, the Foundation has built one of India’s largest grassroots movements in this domain.<ref name="TH"/> It has conducted over 1,000 workshops across schools, colleges, universities, and professional institutions, reaching millions of students, parents, educators, and working professionals.<ref name="dna">{{Cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-once-hounded-by-a-cyber-stalker-this-mumbai-woman-now-conducts-workshops-on-online-harassment-2509403|title=Once hounded by a cyber stalker, this Mumbai woman now conducts workshops on online harassment.|work=dnaindia.com}}</ref>

The Foundation has formally collaborated with multiple state police departments across India to develop training modules, conduct joint awareness drives, and assist in complaint redressal mechanisms. It has also trained members of the [[Indian Army]] in cyber awareness and [[digital forensics]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Explained: 'Rashtrapati or Rashtrapatni?' A debate that predates Adhir Ranjan Chowdhary's 'slip of tongue' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rashtrapati-or-rashtrapatni-a-debate-that-predates-the-constitutional-post/articleshow/93207763.cms |website=The Times of India |date=29 July 2022}}</ref> Senior educators and government officials, including IAS officers, have supported and contributed to the Foundation’s programs, making it a significant force in institutional cyber safety education.<ref name="anv">{{Cite web|url=https://www.afternoonvoice.com/police-ill-equipped-handle-cyber-crimes.html|title=Police ill-equipped to handle cyber crimes|website=afternoonvoice.com|date=5 December 2017 }}</ref>

== Activities ==
Akancha Srivastava Foundation works to address the cyber threats including [[Cybercrime|cyber harassment]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/i9oonlternet-crimes-see-manifold-rise-during-lockdown-children-are-the-biggest-targets|title=Internet crimes see manifold rise during lockdown; children are the biggest targets|date=2020-05-04|website=Free Press Journal|language=en|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref> [[cyberstalking|cyber stalking]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/metrolife/metrolife-lifestyle/women-more-vulnerable-to-online-harassment-788381.html|title=Women more vulnerable to online harassment|date=2019-12-24|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|access-date=2020-03-20}}</ref> [[Cyberbullying]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/significant-increase-in-cybercrime-against-women-during-lockdown-experts/story-QNPwq5Jr1iAkAXzacLnc5K.html|title=Significant increase in cybercrime against women during lockdown: Experts|date=2020-05-03|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref> [[Child grooming|cyber grooming]], [[morphing]], [[blackmail]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/news/national-coronavirus-lockdown-cybercrime-against-women-increase-during-lockdown-20235961.html|title=लॉकडाउन में एक्टीव हुए साइबर अपराधी, सबसे ज्यादा महिलाओं को बना रहे निशाना|date=2020-05-01|website=Jagran|language=hi|access-date=2020-05-01}}</ref> [[Voyeurism]], online impersonation, financial crimes, [[deepfakes]], and digital detention.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Daniel |first1=Wheatley |last2=Irene |first2=Hardill |last3=Sarah |first3=Buglass |title=Handbook of Research on Remote Work and Worker Well-Being in the Post-COVID-19 Era |date=16 April 2021 |publisher=IGI Global |isbn=978-1-7998-6756-2 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Handbook_of_Research_on_Remote_Work_and/0e4lEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Akancha+Srivastava+Foundation&pg=PA42&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref>

The Foundation operated a 24x7 helpline that was recognized and supported by [[police departments]] across several [[Indian states]], providing real-time assistance to individuals in distress.<ref name="up">{{Cite web|url=https://www.uttarpradesh.org/page-3/akancha-againstharassment-giving-voice-to-victims-428175/|title=Akancha Against Harassment: Giving voice to victims|website=uttarpradesh.org|date=6 November 2017 }}</ref>

==Campaign & Awareness==

===AI-Powered Digital Assistant===
It was launched in 2018 and developed in collaboration with [[Haptik]], this AI-driven tool was designed to educate users about various forms of cyber threats.<ref>{{cite web |title=Haptik Company Profile {{!}} AI-Company {{!}} |url=https://startuptalky.com/haptik-success-story/ |website=StartupTalky |language=en |date=30 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Vijay Shekhar Sharma & Dr Ritesh Malik Backed Social Impact Initiative Saves Lives During Corona Lockdown |url=https://www.bwdisrupt.com/article/vijay-shekhar-sharma-dr-ritesh-malik-backed-social-impact-initiative-saves-lives-during-corona-lockdown-296787 |website=BW Disrupt |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Haptik Wins the ‘AI for Good Award’ at the 4th Annual Canadian Fintech & AI Awards 2018 |url=https://digitalterminal.in/news/14451.html |website=DIGITAL TERMINAL |language=en |date=6 December 2018}}</ref>

===Workshops===
Conducted in schools, colleges, and professional spaces, these sessions have focused on digital hygiene, safe internet practices, and awareness of [[Cyber Laws|cyber laws]] and citizen rights.<ref name="dna"/><ref name="anv"/>

==Board of Advisors==
The honorary Board of Advisors of the Akancha Srivastava Foundation has included a distinguished panel of senior professionals from law enforcement, academia, industry, and public service. These individuals have lent their expertise to guide the Foundation’s strategic initiatives and scale its outreach in the field of cyber safety and digital literacy. Notable members have included [[R K Vij]], Special [[Director General of Police]], [[Chhattisgarh]]; [[Navniet Sekera]], [[Additional Director General of Police]], [[Uttar Pradesh]];<ref name="vog"/> and Krishna Prakash, [[Additional Director General of Police]], [[Maharashtra]].<ref name="vog"/>

In addition to [[Law enforcement]] leadership, the advisory board has drawn support from prominent voices in education and entrepreneurship. Poonam Verma, Principal of [[Delhi University]]’s [[Shaheed Sukhdev College of Business Studies]], has contributed to the Foundation’s academic outreach strategy.<ref>{{cite web |title=ABOUT |url=https://akanchasrivastava.org/about/ |website=Akancha Srivastava Foundation}}</ref> Among the Foundation’s supporters from the private sector over the years, are [[Vijay Shekhar Sharma]], founder of [[Paytm]], and Dr Ritesh Malik, founder of Innov8.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vijay Shekhar Sharma, Ritesh Malik, Indian Police & Other Authorities Come Together to Back a Cyber Safety Initiative |url=https://www.bwdisrupt.com/article/vijay-shekhar-sharma-ritesh-malik-indian-police-other-authorities-come-together-to-back-a-cyber-safety-initiative-180070 |website=BW Disrupt |language=en}}</ref>

The board has also benefitted from the association of Princess [[Diya Kumari]], [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]] from [[Vidhyadhar Nagar Assembly constituency|Vidhyadhar Nagar]], who brought a public policy perspective to the mission.<ref>{{cite web |title='Akancha against harassment' emerged as a social impact initiative against cyber harassment |url=https://faceoff.world/news/akancha-against-harassment-emerged-as-a-social-impact-initiative-against-cyber-harassment |website=Faceoff}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://akanchaagainstharassment.com}}

[[Category:Cyberattacks]]
[[Category:Internet bots]]
[[Category:2017 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Non-profit organisations based in India]]

Owais Husain

2026-03-22T14:04:38Z

Drsuruchipuri: creating a post

{{Short description|Indian multimedia artist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}

{{Infobox artist
| name = Owais Husain
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra, India
| education = Fine Arts
| alma_mater = [[Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy School of Art]]
| father = [[M. F. Husain]]
| relatives = [[Shamshad Hussain]] (brother)
}}

'''Owais Husain''' (born 1967) is an Indian multimedia artist, painter and filmmaker.

==Biography==
Owais Husain was born in [[Mumbai]], India, in 1967.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://owaishusain.com/about/|title=About}}</ref> He is the son of [[M. F. Husain]] and Fazila. Husain graduated in Fine Arts from the [[Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy School of Art]] in 1990. He lives and works in Dubai and Mumbai.

==Work==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date=August 2016}}
Husain is a multimedia artist whose work includes painting, poetry, watercolour, sculpture and installation art. His works have been shown in solo and group exhibitions.

He has also worked as a producer, director and writer in film and music.

His work explores themes such as identity, urban mythology and culture.

==Exhibitions==

===Solo exhibitions===
* 2016 – ''House of Cards'', [[Institute of Contemporary Arts Singapore]]
* 2015 – ''Heart of Silence'', Capsule Arts, Dubai
* 2014 – ''My Body, A Fleet of Ships'', W. Foundation, Seoul
* 2013 – ''Forest of Lost Languages'', [[Burj Khalifa]], Dubai
* 2010 – ''3 Worlds'', Tao Art Gallery, Mumbai
* 2006 – ''Forest of Lost Languages'', Aicon Gallery, New York
* 2000 – ''New Works'', Gallery 88, Kolkata
* 1998 – ''The Present is the Source of Presences'', Vadehra Art Gallery, New Delhi
* 1997 – ''The Present is the Source of Presences'', Sakshi Art Gallery, Mumbai
* 1995 – ''Recent Works'', Sakshi Art Gallery, Mumbai
* 1994 – ''Paintings and Drawings'', Vadehra Art Gallery, New Delhi
* 1992 – ''Cities and Sky'', Ahmedabad
* 1989 – ''That Obscure Object of Desire'', Triveni Gallery, New Delhi
* 1987 – Photographic installation, Festival of India, Moscow and St Petersburg
* 1986 – ''The Sea that Found a Tree'', [[Sir J. J. School of Art]], Mumbai

===Group exhibitions===
* 2016 – PUBLICA 2016, New Delhi
* 2011 – Contemporary Art, Dubai
* 2010 – Owais/Tassaduq, Karachi
* 2008 – ''Keep Drawing'', New Delhi
* 2007 – ''Double Take'', New Delhi; Indian Art III/III, London
* 2004 – ''Husain & Sons'', New York
* 2003 – ''A Celebration of Colour'', Mumbai
* 2001 – ''Century City'', [[Tate Modern]], London
* 2000 – ''Erotica'', Mumbai
* 1999 – Kala Ghoda Festival, Mumbai
* 1998 – [[National Gallery of Modern Art, Mumbai]]
* 1997 – [[National Gallery of Modern Art]], New Delhi

==Film and music==
* 2012 – Writer and director, ''Pehla Sitara''
* 2010 – Producer and director, ''Letters to My Son About My Father''
* 2007 – Director, ''[[Ek Mohabbat]]''
* 2004 – Writer and co-director, ''[[Meenaxi: A Tale of Three Cities]]''
* 2000 – Associate director, ''[[Gaja Gamini]]''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

* [https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/owais-husain/266765 Owais Husain]. [[Outlook (Indian magazine)|''Outlook'']]

==Further reading==
* ''The Tribune''
* ''The Indian Express''
* ''The National''
* ''News18''
* ''Outlook''
* ''Daily News and Analysis''

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Husain, Owais}}
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Artists from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian multimedia artists]]
[[Category:Indian filmmakers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian painters]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian painters]]
[[Category:Indian performance artists]]

Hisar district

2026-03-19T11:46:32Z

Drsuruchipuri: minor edit

{{distinguish|text=the former [[Hisar District (Tajikistan)|Hisar District]] of Tajikistan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Hisar district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Haryana|District]] of [[Haryana]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|size = 250
|photo1a = Firoz Shah Palace And Tehkhana 01.jpg
|photo1b = Sheela Mata Temple Agroha.jpg
|photo2a = Main gate from front side.jpg
|photo2b = Rakhigarhi Harappan civilization.jpg
|photo3a = Balaji mandir Hisar.jpg
}}
| image_caption = Clockwise from top-left: [[Firoz Shah palace complex|Palace]] of [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq|Firoz Shah]], Sheela Mata Temple in [[Agroha Mound|Agroha]], mounds at [[Rakhigarhi]], Balaji Mandir at Hisar, [[Asigarh Fort]]
| image_map = Hisar in Haryana (India).svg
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Haryana
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Hisar (city)
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_type2 = Division
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hisar Division|Hisar]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 1815
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Hisar (city)]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = [[Adampur, Hisar|Adampur]], [[Agroha (town)|Agroha]], [[Barwala, Hisar|Barwala]], [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]], [[Balsamand]], [[Bass, Hansi|Bass]], [[Narnaund]] and [[Uklanamandi]]
| area_total_km2 = 3983
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1,743,931
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = 438
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 64.83%
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 =
| demographics_type2 = Languages
| demographics2_title1 = Official
| demographics2_info1 = [[Hindi]]<ref name=nclmanurep2010>{{cite web |url = http://www.nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |title = Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015) |pages = 85–86 |publisher = Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date = 16 February 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161115133948/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |archive-date = 15 November 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| demographics2_title2 = Additional official
| demographics2_info2 = {{hlist|[[English language|English]]|[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]<ref name="punjabiofficial">{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/haryana-grants-second-language-status-to-punjabi/story-MTUeEQDE4fRCbEyPkAm63N.html |title=Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |agency=Indo-Asian News Service |date=28 January 2010 |access-date=2 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105012411/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/haryana-grants-second-language-status-to-punjabi/story-MTUeEQDE4fRCbEyPkAm63N.html |archive-date=5 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
| demographics2_title3 = Regional
| demographics2_info3 = [[Haryanvi]]
| leader_title = Deputy Commissioner
| leader_name = Uttam Singh, IAS
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[National Highway 10 (India, old numbering)|NH-9 (formerly NH-10)]] and [[National Highway 65 (India, old numbering)|NH-52 (formerly NH-65)]]
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Hisar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hisar]]
| website = {{URL|http://hisar.nic.in/}}
}}'''Hisar district''' is one of the 22 [[districts of Haryana]], [[India]]. [[Hisar, India|Hisar]] city serves as the district headquarters. Hisar district has four sub-divisions that is, Hisar, Barwala, Hansi and Narnaud, each headed by an [[Sub-Divisional Magistrate|SDM]]. The district is also part of [[Hisar division]]. Hisar was founded by [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq]].

The largest district in Haryana until its 1966 reorganisation, some parts of Hisar were transferred to the newly created [[Jind district]]. In 1974, the Tehsils of [[Bhiwani]] and [[Loharu]] were transferred to [[Bhiwani district]]. Hisar was further bifurcated when [[Sirsa district]] was formed. [[Fatehabad district]] and [[Hansi district]] were later created as well.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.haryana-online.com/Districts/hissar.htm |title=Hissar district of Haryana - Haryana Online - Website - Portal - India |access-date=19 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103133229/http://haryana-online.com/Districts/hissar.htm |archive-date=3 January 2010 |url-status=usurped }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mukesh |first=Kumar |date=19 December 2025 |title=Hansi becomes district again after 193 years; city older than Hisar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/hansi-becomes-district-again-after-193-years-city-older-than-hisar/articleshow/126062686.cms |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |access-date=19 March 2026}}</ref>

Hisar is a divisional headquarters of the [[Hisar division]] and also the headquarters of Police Range. It is also a battalion headquarters of B.S.F. 3rd Bn. H.A.P. and commando force. In order to accommodate all of these departments, a five-storey District Administrative Complex was built, with the offices transferred in 1980. It adjoins the new Judiciary Complex, which is also made functional. This administrative and judiciary complex is the largest in Haryana; as a district headquarters it may be one of the largest in the country.

It is one of the five cities belonging to [[Indus Valley Civilisation]] while its name is cited in the history books in the context of Indus civilisation and in general knowledge books as the location of [[Banawali]], one of five sheep farms. {{As of|2011}} it is the second most populous of the [[List of districts of Haryana|21]] districts of Haryana, after [[Faridabad district|Faridabad]].<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 30 September 2011 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref>

Hisar is also known as the steel city because of the Jindal Stainless Steel Factories. It is also the largest producer of galvanised iron in India.{{citation needed|date=September 2014}}

==Geography==
{{See also|Bagar region|Khadir and Bangar}}
[[File:Khadir-and-bangar.jpg|thumb|left|300px|In any ''doab'', ''khadar'' land (green) lies next to a river, while ''bangar'' land (olive) has greater elevation and lies further from the river]]
North Hisar district falls in [[doab]] between Ghagghar river flowing through fatehabad district and paleo channel of Dhrishadvati river flowing through the Narnaul tehsil. Eastern, central, and south-eastern Hisar district falls in [[doab]] between Dhrishadvati river and [[Yamuna]] river. Western Hisar district is part of bagar tract. The regions of the ''doabs'' near the rivers consist of low-lying, flood-prone, but usually very fertile ''khadir'' and the higher-lying land away from the rivers consist of ''bangar'', less prone to flooding but also less fertile on average.<ref name="encybritt2010">{{Citation |title=Pakistan: Soils |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, 2010 |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1404392/bhangar | quote=''... khaddar soils. Away from the river, toward the middle of the doabs, older alluvial soils (called bangar) are widely distributed ...''}}</ref> For the purpose of irrigation, Hisar district has been classified into 5 circles, namely barani (low rain area where rain-fed dry farming is practised which nowadays are dependent on tubewells for the irrigation),<ref name=bag1/> [[Bagar tract|bagar]] (dry sandy tract of land on the border of Rajasthan state adjoining the states of Haryana and Punjab)<ref name=bag1/> '''nahri''' ([[canal]]-irrigated land), '''nali''' or '''naili''' (fertile [[prairie]] tract between the [[Ghaggar-Hakra River|Ghaggar]] river and the southern limits of the [[Drishadvati river|Saraswati channel depression]] in northern Hissar district of Haryana that gets flooded during the rains),<ref name=nali1>https://archive.org/stream/imperialgazettee14grea/imperialgazettee14grea_djvu.txt "The imperial gazeteers of India, 1908"], [[British Raj]], page 288.]</ref> and Rangoi tract (an area irrigated by the '''Rangoi canal''' made for the purpose of carrying flood waters of Ghagghar river to dry areas).<ref name="hisar gazetteer"/><ref name=landtypes1>1987, [http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/hisar_1987/Revenue_Administration.pdf "Gazeteers of Hisar district, 1987"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107072120/http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/hisar_1987/Revenue_Administration.pdf |date=7 November 2017 }}, [[Government of Haryana]], page 162.]</ref>

Hisar has fertile [[Alluvium|alluvial soil]] interspersed with highly permeable very sandy tracts in [[bagar region]] several with [[water table]] more than 100 feet below ground containing [[brackish water]] usually unfit for human consumption, where [[dust storm]]s frequent during the warm summer months from April till the end of July when [[monsoon]] arrives. Previously, Hisar was solely based on the rain and irrigation was possible only in the ''nali'' region where the season [[Ghaggar-Hakra River|Ghaggar river]] flows in North Hisar. After the opening of [[Bhakra Nangal Dam]] canal system in 1963 as well as the earlier [[Western Yamuna Canal]] now irrigate most of Haryana including all of the Bagar region falling in Haryana on its western border. Opening of [[Indira Gandhi Canal]] in 1983 (specially Hansi Butana branches) brought the water of [[Sutlej]] and [[Beas]] rivers to the fields of Rajasthan including its Bagar tract stabilising the sand dunes and soil erosion by preventing the expansion of desert.<ref name=bag1>E. Walter Coward, 1980, [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0801498716 "Irrigation and Agricultural Development in Asia: Perspectives from the social sciences"], [[Cornell University]] press, page 302, {{ISBN|0801498716}}.</ref>

===Climate===
{{climate chart
|Hisar
|5.5|6.4|13.4
|8.3|7.7|15.5
|13.7|30.5|12.1
|19.4|36.8|5.6
|24.2|40.7|20.3
|27.7|50.0|42.9
|27.0|48.0|140.7
|26.0|35.1|146.9
|23.7|35.4|65.0
|17.8|34.3|14.8
|11.0|29.1|6.1
|6.5|23.5|7.3
|source= [http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/hissar2.htm IMD]
|float=left
|clear=left
}}

Hisar has a warm climate.

==History==

{{see also|History of Haryana}}
[[File:Skeleton harappa.JPG|thumbnail|A skeleton from [[Rakhigarhi]], [[Indus Valley Civilisation]] site in Hisar on display in the [[National Museum, New Delhi]].]]

The district suffered famine in [[Chalisa famine|1783-84]] (Chalisa famine),<ref name="grove1">{{Citation | last = Grove | first = Richard H. | title = The Great El Nino of 1789–93 and its Global Consequences: Reconstructing an Extreme Climate Even in World Environmental History | journal = The Medieval History Journal | year = 2007 | volume = 10 | issue = 1&2 | pages = 75–98 | doi = 10.1177/097194580701000203| s2cid = 162783898 | hdl = 1885/51009 | hdl-access = free }}</ref> [[Agra famine of 1837–38|1838]],<ref name="hou1" /> [[Upper Doab famine of 1860–61|1860-61]],<ref name="hou1">{{Citation| last = Fieldhouse | first = David | chapter = For Richer, for Poorer? |editor-last = Marshall |editor-first = P. J. | title = The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire|pages = 108–146|publisher=Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 400| year = 1996| isbn = 0-521-00254-0|chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S2EXN8JTwAEC&q=famine+british+empire+india&pg=PA132}}</ref> [[Indian famine of 1896–97|1896-97]]<ref name="hisarrevset1" /> and [[Indian famine of 1899–1900|1899-1900]].<ref name="hisarrevset1">C.A.H. Townsend, [http://revenueharyana.gov.in/Portals/0/revised_settlement_hisar.pdf Final report of thirds revised revenue settlement of Hisar district from 1905-1910], Gazetteer of [[Department of Revenue and Disaster Management, Haryana]], point 22, page 11.</ref>

Hisar district was [[Second Anglo-Maratha War|conquered by the British]] in 1803.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Banerjee |first=Abhijit |url=https://eml.berkeley.edu/~webfac/bardhan/e271_sp03/2_18.pdf |title=History, Institutions and Economic Performance: The Legacy of Colonial Land Tenure Systems in India (BREAD Working Paper No. 003) |last2=Iyer |first2=Lakshmi |date=January 2003 |publisher=Bureau for Research in Economic Analysis of Development |pages=39 |chapter=Appendix Table 1: Districts of British India, With Dates and Mode of Acquisition by the British}}</ref> On 30 December 1803, the [[Daulat Scindia]] signed the [[Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon]] with the British after the [[Battle of Assaye]] and Battle of [[Laswari]] and ceded to the British, Hisar, Panipat, Rohtak, Rewari, Gurgaon, Ganges-Jumna Doab, the Delhi-Agra region, parts of Bundelkhand, Broach, some districts of Gujarat and the fort of Ahmmadnagar.<ref name="Naravane">{{Cite book |last=Naravane |first=M.S. |title=Battles of the Honorourable East India Company |publisher=A.P.H. Publishing Corporation |year=2014 |isbn=978-81-313-0034-3 |pages=65–66}}</ref>{{rp|73}}

On 1 November 1966, when [[Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966|Haryana was carved out of Punjab]] as a separate state, Hisar was already an existing district of the newly formed state of Haryana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Paxton |first1=J. |title=The Statesman's Year-Book 1970-71: The one-volume Encyclopaedia of all nations |date=23 December 2016 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-0-230-27099-2 |page=360 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Statesman_s_Year_Book_1970_71/A43JDQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA360}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|21=1951|22=4,23,390|23=1961|24=5,77,887|25=1971|26=7,74,265|27=1981|28=9,85,769|29=1991|30=12,09,238|31=2001|32=15,37,117|33=2011|34=17,43,931|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}

{{As of|2011|alt= The [[2011 census of India|2011 census]]}} the district had a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,743,931,<ref name="districtcensus"/> roughly equal to the nation of [[The Gambia]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote = Gambia, The 1,797,860 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Nebraska]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=30 September 2011 |quote=Nebraska 1,826,341
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101090833/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=1 January 2011 }}</ref> This gave it a ranking of 276th in India out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]] districts.<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 438 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 13.38%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Hisar has a [[sex ratio]] of 871 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 73.2%. Scheduled Castes make up 23.44% of the population.<ref name=districtcensus/>

=== Castes and tribes ===
The important social groups in the district are [[Jats]], [[Bishnois]], [[Brahmins]], [[Sainis]], [[Bania (caste)|Banias]], [[Gujjars]], [[Ahirs]], [[Rajput]]s, [[Kumhar]]s, [[Aroras]], [[Chamar]]s and [[Balmiki]]s.<ref name="hisar gazetteer"/> Jat is the largest social group in the city.<ref name="hisar gazetteer"/> Bishnois have migrated from [[Rajasthan]].<ref name="hisar gazetteer"/> There are three sections of Brahmins in the district, i.e., [[Gaur Brahmin|Gaur]], [[Bias Brahmin|Bias]] and [[Khandelwal Brahmin|Khandelwal]]. Most of the Aroras are migrant from [[West Punjab]] after the partition of the country in 1947.<ref name="hisar gazetteer"/> Banias are divided into [[Agrawal|Aggarwals]], [[Oswals]] and [[Maheshwaris]]. The Aggarwals are said to be the descendants of the inhabitants of Agroha.<ref name="hisar gazetteer"/> They hold [[Agroha (town)|Agroha]] in great reverence. Oswals and Maheshwaris trace their origin to the Rajasthan.<ref name="hisar gazetteer"/> The Gujjars of Hisar trace their origin to [[Rajasthan]].<ref name="hisar gazetteer">{{cite web|url=http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/gazetteer_india_hisar.pdf|title=Hisar gazetteer|publisher=Haryana Gazetteers Organisation|access-date=23 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140501213030/http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/gazetteer_india_hisar.pdf|archive-date=1 May 2014|url-status=dead|pages=7, 55}}</ref>
Hisar is also the origin place of [[Agrawal Jain]] Community, with [[Hansi]] being an important Jain pilgrimage town.

=== Languages ===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages of Hisar district (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]] |value1 = 68.76 |color1 = indianred
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 26.40 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] |value3 = 2.41 |color3 = pink
|label4 = Others |value4 = 2.43 |color4 = grey
}}
At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 68.76% of the population in the district spoke [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]], 26.40% [[Hindi]] and 2.41% [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Haryana|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10204/download/13316/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0600.XLSX|website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}.</ref> [[Haryanvi]] is the most spoken language in the district.

=== Religion ===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Hisar district (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Haryana|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11374/download/14487/DDW06C-01%20MDDS.XLSS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|align=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|97.54}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|1.24}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|0.70}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.52}}
}}

Hisar is 98% [[Hindu]], only about 40,000 are [[Muslim]]s,<ref name="Muslim population in Hisar">{{cite news | author = Times of India | title = Free burial grounds of encroachments: Panel to Wakf Board| website = [[The Times of India]]| date = 24 November 2015| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Free-burial-grounds-of-encroachments-Panel-to-Wakf-Board/articleshow/49901517.cms | access-date = 25 November 2015 }}</ref> rest are mostly [[Jain]] and [[Sikhs]]. Nearly all Muslims of Hisar left for Pakistan during Partition.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in Hisar District
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in India|Religious]] group
! colspan="2" |2011<ref name="Religion"/>
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
| 1,701,061
| {{Percentage | 1701061 | 1743931 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 21,650
| {{Percentage | 21650 | 1743931 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 12,270
| {{Percentage | 12270 | 1743931 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 1,945
| {{Percentage | 1945 | 1743931 | 2 }}
|-
| Others
| 7,005
| {{Percentage | 7005 | 1743931 | 2 }}
|-
! Total Population
! 1,743,931
! {{Percentage | 1743931 | 1743931 | 2 }}
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religious groups in Hisar district ([[British Punjab province]] era)
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in India|Religious]] group
! colspan="2" |1881<ref name="Census1881A">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057656 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057656 |access-date=26 December 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. I. |year=1881 }}</ref><ref name="Census1881B">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057657 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057657 |access-date=26 December 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. II. |year=1881 |pages=14 }}</ref><ref name="Census1881C">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057658 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057658 |access-date=26 December 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. III. |year=1881 |pages=14 }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1891<ref name="Census1891">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25318669 |jstor=saoa.crl.25318669 |access-date=26 December 2024 |title=The Punjab and its feudatories, part II--Imperial Tables and Supplementary Returns for the British Territory |year=1891 |pages=14 |last1=Edward Maclagan |first1=Sir |volume=2 }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="Census1901">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25363739 |jstor=saoa.crl.25363739 |access-date=10 March 2024 |title=Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province. |year=1901 |pages=34}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="Census1911">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393788 |jstor=saoa.crl.25393788 |access-date=3 March 2024 |title=Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1911 |pages=27}}</ref><ref name="Census1911B">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62718 |access-date=3 March 2024 |title=Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV Part II |year=1911 |pages=27 |author=Kaul, Harikishan}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="Census1921">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430165 |jstor=saoa.crl.25430165 |access-date=17 February 2024 |title=Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1921 |pages=29}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="Census1931">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25793242 |jstor=saoa.crl.25793242 |access-date=4 February 2024 |title=Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1931 |pages=277}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="Census1941">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.28215541 |jstor=saoa.crl.28215541 |access-date=22 July 2022 |title=Census of India, 1941. Vol. 6, Punjab |year=1941 |pages=42 |author1=India Census Commissioner |volume=6 }}</ref>
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi|1931-1941: Including [[Ad-Dharmi]]s}}
| 514,948
| {{Percentage | 514948 | 757458 | 2 }}
| 548,896
| {{Percentage | 548896 | 776006 | 2 }}
| 544,799
| {{Percentage | 544799 | 781717 | 2 }}
| 541,720
| {{Percentage | 541720 | 804889 | 2 }}
| 548,351
| {{Percentage | 548351 | 816810 | 2 }}
| 583,429
| {{Percentage | 583429 | 899479 | 2 }}
| 652,842
| {{Percentage | 652842 | 1006709 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 206,806
| {{Percentage | 206806 | 757458 | 2 }}
| 199,010
| {{Percentage | 199010 | 776006 | 2 }}
| 202,009
| {{Percentage | 202009 | 781717 | 2 }}
| 218,600
| {{Percentage | 218600 | 804889 | 2 }}
| 215,943
| {{Percentage | 215943 | 816810 | 2 }}
| 253,784
| {{Percentage | 253784 | 899479 | 2 }}
| 285,208
| {{Percentage | 285208 | 1006709 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 31,446
| {{Percentage | 31446 | 757458 | 2 }}
| 22,151
| {{Percentage | 22151 | 776006 | 2 }}
| 28,642
| {{Percentage | 28642 | 781717 | 2 }}
| 38,508
| {{Percentage | 38508 | 804889 | 2 }}
| 45,615
| {{Percentage | 45615 | 816810 | 2 }}
| 55,169
| {{Percentage | 55169 | 899479 | 2 }}
| 60,731
| {{Percentage | 60731 | 1006709 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
| 4,186
| {{Percentage | 4186 | 757458 | 2 }}
| 5,690
| {{Percentage | 5690 | 776006 | 2 }}
| 6,003
| {{Percentage | 6003 | 781717 | 2 }}
| 5,767
| {{Percentage | 5767 | 804889 | 2 }}
| 5,874
| {{Percentage | 5874 | 816810 | 2 }}
| 5,988
| {{Percentage | 5988 | 899479 | 2 }}
| 6,126
| {{Percentage | 6126 | 1006709 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 72
| {{Percentage | 72 | 757458 | 2 }}
| 242
| {{Percentage | 242 | 776006 | 2 }}
| 253
| {{Percentage | 253 | 781717 | 2 }}
| 273
| {{Percentage | 273 | 804889 | 2 }}
| 1,024
| {{Percentage | 1024 | 816810 | 2 }}
| 1,107
| {{Percentage | 1107 | 899479 | 2 }}
| 1,292
| {{Percentage | 1292 | 1006709 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]]
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 757458 | 2 }}
| 17
| {{Percentage | 17 | 776006 | 2 }}
| 11
| {{Percentage | 11 | 781717 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 804889 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 816810 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 899479 | 2 }}
| 4
| {{Percentage | 4 | 1006709 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]]
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 757458 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 776006 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 781717 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 804889 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 816810 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 899479 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1006709 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Judaism]] [[File:Star_of_David.svg|15px]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 776006 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 781717 | 2 }}
| 8
| {{Percentage | 8 | 804889 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 816810 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 899479 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 1006709 | 2 }}
|-
! Others
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 757458 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 776006 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 781717 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 804889 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 816810 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 899479 | 2 }}
| 505
| {{Percentage | 505 | 1006709 | 2 }}
|-
! Total population
! 757,458
! {{Percentage | 757458 | 757458 | 2 }}
! 776,006
! {{Percentage | 776006 | 776006 | 2 }}
! 781,717
! {{Percentage | 781717 | 781717 | 2 }}
! 804,889
! {{Percentage | 804889 | 804889 | 2 }}
! 816,810
! {{Percentage | 816810 | 816810 | 2 }}
! 899,479
! {{Percentage | 899479 | 899479 | 2 }}
! 1,006,709
! {{Percentage | 1006709 | 1006709 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Note1: [[British Punjab province]] era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province region]] during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases. Note2: 1881 census count includes Sirsa District, which was later amalgamated with Hissar District.}}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in the [[Tehsil]]s of Hisar District (1921)<ref name="Census1921"/>
! rowspan="2" |[[Tehsil]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=othersC|Including [[Buddhism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Judaism]], [[Tribal religions in India|Tribals]], others, or not stated}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! Hisar Tehsil
| 106,179
| {{Percentage | 106179 | 136272 | 2 }}
| 28,788
| {{Percentage | 28788 | 136272 | 2 }}
| 214
| {{Percentage | 214 | 136272 | 2 }}
| 101
| {{Percentage | 101 | 136272 | 2 }}
| 990
| {{Percentage | 990 | 136272 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 136272 | 2 }}
! 136,272
! {{Percentage | 136272 | 136272 | 2 }}
|-
! Hansi Tehsil
| 141,116
| {{Percentage | 141116 | 177043 | 2 }}
| 33,396
| {{Percentage | 33396 | 177043 | 2 }}
| 83
| {{Percentage | 83 | 177043 | 2 }}
| 34
| {{Percentage | 34 | 177043 | 2 }}
| 2,414
| {{Percentage | 2414 | 177043 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 177043 | 2 }}
! 177,043
! {{Percentage | 177043 | 177043 | 2 }}
|-
! Bhiwani Tehsil
| 104,350
| {{Percentage | 104350 | 126015 | 2 }}
| 20,683
| {{Percentage | 20683 | 126015 | 2 }}
| 47
| {{Percentage | 47 | 126015 | 2 }}
| 64
| {{Percentage | 64 | 126015 | 2 }}
| 871
| {{Percentage | 871 | 126015 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 126015 | 2 }}
! 126,015
! {{Percentage | 126015 | 126015 | 2 }}
|-
! Fatehabad Tehsil
| 104,525
| {{Percentage | 104525 | 195801 | 2 }}
| 71,510
| {{Percentage | 71510 | 195801 | 2 }}
| 18,757
| {{Percentage | 18757 | 195801 | 2 }}
| 393
| {{Percentage | 393 | 195801 | 2 }}
| 616
| {{Percentage | 616 | 195801 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 195801 | 2 }}
! 195,801
! {{Percentage | 195801 | 195801 | 2 }}
|-
! Sirsa Tehsil
| 92,181
| {{Percentage | 92181 | 181679 | 2 }}
| 61,566
| {{Percentage | 61566 | 181679 | 2 }}
| 26,514
| {{Percentage | 26514 | 181679 | 2 }}
| 432
| {{Percentage | 432 | 181679 | 2 }}
| 983
| {{Percentage | 983 | 181679 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 181679 | 2 }}
! 181,679
! {{Percentage | 181679 | 181679 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Note: [[British Punjab province]] era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province region]] during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.}}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in the [[Tehsil]]s of Hisar District (1941)<ref name="Census1941"/>
! rowspan="2" |[[Tehsil]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi}}
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=othersB|Including [[Anglo-Indian people|Anglo-Indian Christians]], [[British Christianity|British Christians]], [[Buddhism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Judaism]], [[Tribal religions in India|Tribals]], others, or not stated}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! Hisar Tehsil
| 157,058
| {{Percentage | 157058 | 239857 | 2 }}
| 64,499
| {{Percentage | 64499 | 239857 | 2 }}
| 15,712
| {{Percentage | 15712 | 239857 | 2 }}
| 572
| {{Percentage | 572 | 239857 | 2 }}
| 1,992
| {{Percentage | 1992 | 239857 | 2 }}
| 24
| {{Percentage | 24 | 239857 | 2 }}
! 239,857
! {{Percentage | 239857 | 239857 | 2 }}
|-
! Hansi Tehsil
| 175,761
| {{Percentage | 175761 | 224370 | 2 }}
| 45,551
| {{Percentage | 45551 | 224370 | 2 }}
| 165
| {{Percentage | 165 | 224370 | 2 }}
| 56
| {{Percentage | 56 | 224370 | 2 }}
| 2,836
| {{Percentage | 2836 | 224370 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 224370 | 2 }}
! 224,370
! {{Percentage | 224370 | 224370 | 2 }}
|-
! Bhiwani Tehsil
| 127,740
| {{Percentage | 127740 | 158587 | 2 }}
| 29,554
| {{Percentage | 29554 | 158587 | 2 }}
| 533
| {{Percentage | 533 | 158587 | 2 }}
| 169
| {{Percentage | 169 | 158587 | 2 }}
| 587
| {{Percentage | 587 | 158587 | 2 }}
| 4
| {{Percentage | 4 | 158587 | 2 }}
! 158,587
! {{Percentage | 158587 | 158587 | 2 }}
|-
! Fatehabad Tehsil
| 94,122
| {{Percentage | 94122 | 169491 | 2 }}
| 67,556
| {{Percentage | 67556 | 169491 | 2 }}
| 7,664
| {{Percentage | 7664 | 169491 | 2 }}
| 18
| {{Percentage | 18 | 169491 | 2 }}
| 124
| {{Percentage | 124 | 169491 | 2 }}
| 7
| {{Percentage | 7 | 169491 | 2 }}
! 169,491
! {{Percentage | 169491 | 169491 | 2 }}
|-
! Sirsa Tehsil
| 98,161
| {{Percentage | 98161 | 214404 | 2 }}
| 78,048
| {{Percentage | 78048 | 214404 | 2 }}
| 36,657
| {{Percentage | 36657 | 214404 | 2 }}
| 420
| {{Percentage | 420 | 214404 | 2 }}
| 587
| {{Percentage | 587 | 214404 | 2 }}
| 531
| {{Percentage | 531 | 214404 | 2 }}
! 214,404
! {{Percentage | 214404 | 214404 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Note1: [[British Punjab province]] era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province region]] during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases. Note2: [[Tehsil]] religious breakdown figures for Christianity only includes local Christians, labelled as "Indian Christians" on [[Census in British India|census]]. Does not include [[Anglo-Indian people|Anglo-Indian Christians]] or [[British Christianity|British Christians]], who were classified under "Other" category.}}
|}

==Administrative divisions==
{{see also|List of districts of Haryana|Administrative divisions of Haryana}}
Hisar continued to be the District Headquarters of the largest District in the state until its reorganisation in 1966 when parts were carved out to create the new Jind District. The Tehsil Bhiwani and [[Loharu State|Loharu estate]] were later transferred to [[Bhiwani district]] on its creation in 1974. It was further bifurcated when [[Sirsa district]] was created entirely out of Hisar District. [[Fatehabad district]] has now been carved out of this district.

At present Hisar district consists of the eight [[tehsil]]s of [[Adampur]], [[Agroha (town)|Agroha]], [[Barwala, Hisar|Barwala]], [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]], [[Hansi]]-1, [[Hansi]]-2, [[Narnaund]] and [[Uklanamandi]], two Sub-[[Tehsil]]s of [[Balsamand]] and [[Bass, Hansi|Bass]]. Vehicle registration numbers for Hisar district are: Hisar HR 20 and HR 39 (commercial no), [[Hansi]] HR 21 and [[Barwala, Hisar|Barwala]] HR 80.

Hisar is a divisional headquarters of the Divisional Commissioner and also the headquarters of the Police Range. It is also a battalion Headquarters of [[Border Security Force]], 3rd battalion of [[Haryana Police|Haryana Armed Police]] and police commando force. All these departments are now housed in a five storied District Administrative Complex completed in 1980, which adjoins the new Judiciary Complex.

The district has seven [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies, namely, Adampur, Uklana, Narnaund, Hansi, Barwala, Hisar and Nalwa. All of these are part of [[Hisar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hisar Lok Sabha constituency]]

==Education==
{{Main|List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Hisar| label 1 = Universities and colleges in Hisar}}


;Universities
* [[Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University]], initially founded as a campus of the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana.
* [[Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences]]. A statue and memorial of [[Lala Lajpat Rai]] stands on the campus to commemorate this patriot.
* [[Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology]], founded in 1995, attracts students for higher education from all over the country and abroad.

;Govt colleges:
* [[Govt. Post Graduate College, Hisar]]
* [[Govt. College for Girls, Hisar]]

; Private colleges:
* [[Dayanand college]]
* [[CRM JAT College]]
* [[Chhaju Ram Law College, Hisar]]
* [[Chhaju Ram College of Education, Hisar]]
* [[Fateh Chand College for Women (Lahore), Hisar]]
* [[Maharaja Agrasen Medical College, Agroha]]

;Schools
Hisar also has several [[List of schools in Hisar|renowned schools]] including [[Leading Angel Public School, Hisar]] (LAPS), [[Indus Public School, Hisar]] (IPS), [[Army Public School, Hisar]] (APS), [[Thakur Dass Bhargava Senior Secondary Model School]], and [[Vidya Devi Jindal School]].

==Notable individuals==
Over the past three centuries Hisar had been the birthplace of individuals including Sardar Ishri Singh, Sardar Harji Ram and Rai Bahadur Sardar Nau Nihal Singh who were honorary magistrates in pre-Independence Hisar. Noteworthy individuals include the [[Lala Lajpat Rai]] (freedom fighter, elected member of Hisar municipal committee, founder of Hisar district congress (1986), [[Arya samaj]] (1986) and district bar council), Captain [[Abhimanyu Sindhu]] (entrepreneur, journalist, BJP national spokesperson and Minister in Haryana from [[Narnaund]] assembly constituency), late Dr. [[Gopi Chand Bhargava]] (First Chief Minister of joint Punjab), [[Om Prakash Jindal]] (former chairperson of Jindal Industries and Minister in Haryana government) and his wife [[Savitri Jindal]] (chairperson of Jindal Industries and Minister in Haryana government), [[Subhash Chandra]] (Chairman of Essel Group and [[Zee Network]] and BJP MP in Rajya Sabha), Amit Munjal, founder and [[CEO]] of [[:simple:DOCTOR INSTA|Doctor Insta]] and Former CFO of [[Citi Holdings]], [[Yash Tonk]] (Bollywood actor), [[Manish Joshi Bismil]] (theatre director), [[V. K. Singh|General V.K. Singh]] (Former Army Chief and Union Minister from BJP), [[Dalbir Singh|General Dalbir Singh Suhag]] (former Army Chief) and [[Israr Ahmed]] (Islamic scholar from Pakistan, born in Hisar before independence).

==See also==
* [[Hisar (city)]]
* [[Hisar division]]
* [[Hisar Urban Agglomeration]]
* [[Hisar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]]
* [[Hisar (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
* [[Asigarh Fort]] at [[Hansi]]
* [[Kanwari#Primary Mounds: Kanwari-1 .26 Kanwari-2|Kanwari Indus Valley Mound]] at [[Kanwari]]
* [[Tosham rock inscription]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
{{notelist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://hisar.nic.in Hisar district official website]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Hisar district
|North = [[Fatehabad district]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[Jind district]]
|Southeast = [[Rohtak district]]
|South = [[Bhiwani district]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Hanumangarh district]], [[Rajasthan]]
|Northwest =
}}
{{Geography of India}}
{{Districts of Haryana}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|29.1667|N|75.7167|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

[[Category:Hisar district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Haryana]]

Vûta

2026-03-15T05:42:22Z

Drsuruchipuri: added the article with sources

{{Short description|Chief of the Eastern Lushai Hills (c. 1800 - 1876)}}
{{use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Vûta Sailo
| image =
| title = Chief of Buanhmun Buanhmun Lal
| caption =
| succession =
| reign =
| coronation =
| cor-type =
| predecessor = [[Lallula]]
| regent =
| reg-type =
| successor = [[Kairuma]]
| suc-type =
| birth_name = Lalthangvuta
| birth_date = {{circa|1800}}
| birth_place = Diarkhaia
| death_date = {{circa|1876}}
| death_place = Ruallam
| spouse = Neipuithangi
| spouse-type = Spouse
| consort =
| issue = Langsuma Sangluna Lalvunga Lungliana [[Kairuma]] Lalnguava
| issue-link =
| regnal name =
| house = Sailo
| father = [[Lallula]]
| mother =
| religion = [[Lushai animism|Sakhua]]
| type = chieftain
| burial_date = 5 May 1920
| burial_place = Sialhawk
| signature =
}}

'''Vuttaia''' ({{circa|1800}} - 1876) also known as '''Vûta''' was an eastern Lushai chief. He was born as Lalthangvuta before Vuttaia became his nickname. He was a founder of the eastern Lushai chiefs and responsible for starting the North and South war of the Lushai Hills.

==Early life==
Vûta was the youngest son of Chief [[Lallula]]. He was born in the village of Diarkhaia. Vûta's birth date is difficult to determine, but {{circa|1800}} is considered the most acceptable range based on his son [[Kairûma]], who was born in 1852. After Lallula's death, Vûta left with his mother to Arte, where he would rule Hreichuk and Arte as a chief. He would be 20 years old when he first became chief.{{sfn|Zokima|1993|p=55}}

==Vûta's capture==
During the Lusei-Hualngo War under Vûta's brothers such as [[Lalsavunga]], the war escalated into alliances. As the Pawi entered the conflict, Vûta was captured by the Pawi and Hualngo. He was transported and placed in the village of Rallang.{{sfn|Zokima|1993|p=57}} Rallang village was located north of Lentlang. Zahuata's son Rodenga was assigned to supervise Vûta. Vûta and Rodenga would share songs and poetry during captivity.{{sfn|Zokima|1993|p=58}} Vûta would get to know the Pawi and form a relationship with them. As a result, Vûta would become a tributary to the Pawi, with his son Kairûma continuing the practice until annexation by the British. Vûta's brothers raised money for his release. [[Rorehlova]], the oathbound brother of his father Lallula was given the money. This was because he was a Fanâi chief. However, Rorehlova used the money to pay his own debts and tributes. As a result, the money was reduced when offered to the Pawis for Vûta's release. The Zahau chiefs refused the money. As a result, the money and goods were raised once more. Laltuaka's son Chawngchhunga, who was considered a selfish man, refused to give his wealth to Rorehlova to pay off the Pawis for Vuta's release.{{sfn|Zokima|1993|p=60}} Vûta would be released two years after his capture, before the Pawi let him go. Upon release and hearing of Chawngchhunga's attitude, relations soured between Laltuaka and Lallula's family.{{sfn|Zokima|1993|p=61}}

==Chieftainship==
In the northwest was a Rivung chief, Vanhnuaithanga, who had died in 1850. He was succeeded by his young inexperienced son Tiamlova. Vûta raided Tiamlova's mother and captured lots of cattle and valuable goods. However, on the way back, the war party was stopped by Chawngchhunga's men, who demanded the bulls they had captured from Tiamlova. When Vûta heard of this from the men he became angry. Vûta went to his brother [[Mângpawrha]] (Lalmanga). War erupted between Chawngchhunga and Vûta. Chawngchhunga's villages were weak and could not even occupy the villages ofVûta. Chawngchhunga was captured by Vûta. Vûta further occupied Thingsaiah and Khawriah.{{sfn|Zokima|1993|p=63}}

Vûta would move to Arthlawr in Phulpui from Arte. From Arthlawr, he moved to Khumtung before settling in Hualtu. he built a large house at the time as a sign of his prestige.{{sfn|Zokima|1993|p=64}}

===War of North and South===
{{main|North-South War of the Lushai Hills}}
Rolura was the cousin of Vûta's father, Lallula. Rolura's grandson Lalpuithanga began to expand westwards. Despite being family, the importance of land led to tensions. Lalpuithanga was the bravest and most powerful chief from Rolura's family. Lalpuithanga prided himself on being able to stop the northern Sailo chiefs while his brothers could not. Vûta was trying to establish the village of Buanhmun to move from Hualtu. Before he could return to Buanhmun, Lalpuithanga occupied it. In anger, Vûta led his men towards Buanhmun. Lalpuithanga, hearing this, retreated from Buanhmun and went back to Vanchengte. Vûta then composed a mocking song about Lalpuithanga's retreat from Buanhmun. The song reached Lalpuithanga, which further raised tensions between the northern and southern Sailos.{{sfn|Zokima|1993|p=67}}{{sfn|Liangkhaia|1938|p=106}}{{sfn|Lalthangliana|2005|p=12}}

Vûta then went to retrieve a gun that Lalpuithanga had in his possession. He took his nephew Thâwmvunga, who was the son of Lalpuiliana and known as a brave pasaltha. Lalpuithanga, in fact, concealed a plan to beat and humiliate Vûta. In the chief's house, Lalpuithanga confronted Vûta about the mocking song made about him. Vûta became afraid of the confrontation as a guest and claimed to mean something different from the song. Thâwmvunga became angry at Vûta's fear and began to swing his sword and dance in a threatening manner with it to subdue the Lalpuithanga and his {{lang|lus|upas}}. The upas were unable to beat Vûta and instead made excuses to go home.{{sfn|Zokima|1993|p=68}} Thâwngvunga took the gun from the wall and left the chief's house unceremoniously. The Zadêng {{lang|lus|upas}} followed him and caught him and tried to stop the gun from being taken. Thâwmgvunga struggled with the {{lang|lus|upas}} until he sawed off the rifle and began to run with Vûta and the gun. However, a volley was shot at them as they departed, which was a signal of declaring war.{{sfn|Zokima|1993|p=69}}{{sfn|Liangkhaia|1938|p=107}}{{sfn|Lalthangliana|2005|p=13}}

This began the war between the North and South. The north saw Vûta, [[Vanhnuailiana]] and Thâwmvunga, with help from Mângpawrha and [[Suakpuilala]], fought Lalpuithanga's family. Vûta and Vanhnuailiana attacked Vanchengte under Lalpuithanga. After heavy fighting, the northern Lushais beat Lalpuithanga. After the occupation, Vûta and Vanhnuailiana recalled their men, but Vanhnuailiana's men in the rear were shot dead as a result. Despite this, Lalpuithanga's daughter Zathawma invaded Hmuntha in the north. However, their attack failed due to prior knowledge of their movements. Zathawma was wounded in the nose before retreating.{{sfn|Zokima|1993|p=70}}{{sfn|Liangkhaia|1938|p=108}}

The war saw the northern pasaltha Nghatebaka and the southern champion Chawngbawla also participate in the fight.{{sfn|Liangkhaia|1938|p=108}} Vûta sent his allies, the Pawi and Fanâi, to invade the village of Khawlung under chief Thuama.{{sfn|Liangkhaia|1938|p=109}} Thuama was the brother of Lalpuithanga.{{sfn|Zokima|1993|p=71}} Vûta utilised his relations with the Fanâi and acquired the help of Khawtindala. He also enlisted the Halka Pawi (Haka Chin).{{sfn|Zokima|1993|p=72}} Vûta's sons Lalvunga and Lalnguava (Lalkuma) were sent to carry out the invasion. Vûta informed them before departure that if they didn't kill the enemy, they shouldn't come back to him. Khawnglung was a fortified village accessible via a rope bridge. When the rope bridge was left without being detached, the soldiers snuck into the village. They entered the zawlbuk and killed all the men asleep or who tried to get up in the chaos. The fighting men were eradicated, and Thuama's wife and his son Lalhleia were made captives. The Sailos, including Vûta, weren't happy with the capture; however, Vûta became responsible for Lalhleia while Thuama's wife was taken by the Pawi.{{sfn|Liangkhaia|1938|p=108}} The event was considered one of the most violent massacres of the time.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|2005|p=15}} Vûta attempted to stop the Pawis from taking the captives by forbidding them to cross Lentlang. However, the Pawi simply stated that they were taking whoever they possessed. Most were turned into [[bawi system|bawis]], with some killed. The event was immortalised in a song.{{sfn|Zokima|1993|p=72}}{{sfn|Lalthangliana|2005|p=15}}

==Later life==
After the north-south war, Vûta temporarily intervened and mediated the conflict between the Fanai and Zahau. He moved his village from Buanhmun to Rullam. In 1876, Vûta would die in Rullam, and his skull would be buried in Sialhawk.{{sfn|Zokima|1993|p=72}}
==Genealogy==
{{Vonolel Family tree}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book |last1=Zokima |first1=Reverend |title=Mizo Lal ber Kairuma Sailo |date=1993 |publisher=V.L.B Press |location=Aizawl |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.17254/mode/2up |access-date=15 February 2025|language=Mizo}}

*{{cite book |last1=Liangkhaia |first1=Reverend |title=Mizo Chanchin (Mizo History) |date=1938 |publisher=L.T.L Publications |location=Aizawl |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.467315/mode/2up |access-date=21 February 2025|language=Mizo}}

*{{cite book |last1=Lalthangliana |first1=B. |title=Culture and Folklore of Mizoram |date=2005 |publisher=Publications Division |location=India |url=https://archive.org/details/CULTUREANDFOLKLOREOFMIZORAM/mode/2up |access-date=21 February 2025}}

{{Lushai frontier}}

[[Category:Eastern Lushai chiefs]]
[[Category:Early Lushai chiefs]]

Annamayya (film)

2026-03-13T19:57:59Z

Drsuruchipuri: added info

{{For|the famous composer|Annamacharya}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Annamayya
| image = Annamayya_(film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| writer = '''Screenplay''': K. Raghavendra Rao '''Story''' & '''Dialogues''': [[J. K. Bharavi]]
| producer = [[V. Doraswamy Raju]]
| director = [[K. Raghavendra Rao]]
| starring = [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna Akkineni]] [[Mohan Babu]] [[Suman (actor)|Suman]] [[Ramya Krishna]] [[Roja Selvamani|Roja]] [[Bhanupriya]] [[Kasthuri (actress)|Kasthuri]]
| music = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| cinematography = [[A. Vincent]] [[Ajayan Vincent]] {{small|('''Special''' '''Effects''')}}
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]
| studio = [[VMC Productions]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1997|05|22}}
| runtime = 147 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}
'''''Annamayya''''' is a 1997 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Hagiography|hagiographical film]] directed by [[K. Raghavendra Rao]] and produced by [[V. Doraswamy Raju]] under the [[VMC Productions]] banner. The film portrays the life of the 15th century composer [[Annamacharya]], played by [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna Akkineni]] who features alongside an [[ensemble cast]] including [[Mohan Babu]], [[Suman (actor)|Suman]], [[Ramya Krishna]], [[Bhanupriya]], [[Roja Selvamani|Roja]], and [[Kasthuri (actress)|Kasthuri]]. The film has score and soundtrack composed by [[M. M. Keeravani]]. Upon release, the film received positive reviews and won eight [[Nandi Awards]], three [[Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards]] and two [[National Film Awards]].<ref>{{cite news |title=జమీన్ రైతు |language=Telugu |work=Zaminryot |url=http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1997/Jun/6-Jun-1997.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913151600/http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1997/Jun/6-Jun-1997.pdf |archive-date=13 September 2016 |date=6 June 1997 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cinegoer.com/annamayya.htm|title=CineGoer.com - Box-Office Records And Collections - Two Successive Silver Jubilees|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127222107/http://www.cinegoer.com/annamayya.htm|archive-date=27 January 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://telugucinemacharitra.blogspot.ca/2011/01/andhra-pradesh-state-nandi-film.html|title=తెలుగుసినిమా చరిత్ర: Andhra Pradesh State Nandi Film Awards(1997-2000)|date=7 January 2011}}</ref> The film was featured in the Indian panorama mainstream section at the [[29th International Film Festival of India|29th IFFI]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm29IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=29IIFA.pdf|title=Directorate of Film Festival|access-date=30 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006115026/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm29IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=29IIFA.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Plot==
{{external media
| width = 210px
| float = left
| video1 = {{YouTube|NOFpbJkrFX4|Annamayya}}.
}}
[[Vishnu]] listens to requests from his wife [[Lakshmi]], that there weren't many people singing songs in praise of the Lord. In response, the Lord sends his sword [[Nandaka]], to be born as [[Annamacharya]] (Annamayya) to a childless couple - Narayana Suri and Lakkamba in [[Tallapaka, India|Tallapaka]] village, [[Kadapa District]]. Growing up as a normal young man, Annamayya loves his 2 cousins Timakka & Akkalamma who thinks that they are the most beautiful creations of God.

Lord Vishnu appears in front of Annamayya in disguise and accepts a challenge from him to show someone more beautiful than his cousins - God in the form of Lord Venkateswara in a temple in his village. Upon discovering the beauty of the Lord, Annamayya is lost in a different world and ends up making a pilgrimage to [[Tirumala Venkateswara Temple]] without planning or informing his parents. As he finds pilgrims entering the holy hills (Saptagiri- seven hills), he embarks on his journey towards Him. But, he is lost and is helped by Goddess Lakshmi herself in the form of an old lady by informs him that his footwear was preventing his progress. Also weakened by [[fasting]], Annamayya accepts [[Laddu]] - a Prasadam from the food consecrated by the Lord himself. Upon reaching [[Tirumala]], he is enthralled by the beauty of God and settles there to write and sing hymns in praise of the Lord.

Meanwhile, Annamayya's parents get worried regarding Annamayya's whereabouts. Then, the Lord [[Venkateshwara]], hearing the prayers of Lakkavaamba (Annamayya's mother), himself comes in the disguise of a Hunter along with his consorts and tells them that Annamayya lives in [[Tirumala]]. Then, Annamayya's parents, cousins, aunt, uncle, and his 2 friends come to [[Tirumala]] and watch him worship the Lord.

When Annamayya is asked to marry his 2 cousins, he refuses saying that his life is dedicated to the service of the Lord and marriage would become a hindrance to it. But, he is then convinced by the Lord himself who has now taken the form of a [[Brahmin]]. The Lord personally conducts the wedding of Annamayya with his cousins - Timakka and Akkalamma. After the birth of the children, Annamayya settles in Tirumala leaving his children in the care of his parents. Through encounters with the local administrator (Tanikella Bharani), he comes in contact with the ruler of the country - Saluva Narasimha (Mohan Babu), who becomes a fan of his songs and makes him the court poet. On hearing a ''Sringara Sankeertan'', the King and Queen (Roja) request that Annamayya sing a Sankeertan in their praise as well, something Annamayya rejects as he would sing only for the Lord and not for any human being. Jailed for not heeding the King, Annamayya invokes the Lord in the form of ''[[Narasimha]]'' (human-lion), and to the surprise of the King, jailors, and everyone - the iron rods burst into flames and release Annamayya.

Realizing that their husband was born for humanity and Lord's service, his wives give up their lives freeing Annamayya of any earthly attachment. Annamayya, realizing the divine order, takes to writing poems and Sankirtans and reaches old age. Priests and Brahmins unhappy with his social inclusion of lower caste people in the temple try to destroy his writings. When Annamayya decides to sacrifice his life because all his works were lost, a significant portion of his work is saved by Lord's grace from the fire. Saluva Narasimha and Annamayya's sons convert his work from palm to copper inscriptions thus preserving his works for eternity. On completion and dedication of the work in the temple sanctum sanctorum, the Lord and his consorts appear one last time, in their divine form. The Lord grants salvation and Annamayya's soul returns as Nandaka.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] as [[Annamayya]]
* [[Suman (actor)|Suman]] as [[Lord Venkateshwara]] (Voice Dubbed By [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]])
* [[Mohan Babu]] as [[Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya|Saluva Narasimha Rayalu]]
* [[Bhanupriya]] as [[Alamelu|Goddess Padmavati]]
* [[Ramya Krishna]] as [[Timmakka]] (Voice dubbed by [[Roja Ramani]])
* [[Kasthuri (actress)|Kasthuri]] as Akkalamma (Voice dubbed by Shilpa)
* [[Roja Selvamani|Roja]] as Saluva Narasimha Rayalu's wife (Voice dubbed by Roja Ramani)
* Sri Kanya as [[Bhudevi|Goddess Bhoodevi]] (Voice dubbed by Shilpa)
* [[M. Balayya]] as Narayana Suri
* [[Shubha (actress)|Subha]] as Lakkamamba
* [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]]
* [[Brahmanandam]] as Pandit
* [[Babu Mohan]]
* [[Tanikella Bharani]]
* [[Mallikarjuna Rao (actor)|Mallikarjuna Rao]]
* [[Amanchi Venkata Subrahmanyam|AVS]]
* [[Gundu Hanumantha Rao]]
* [[Chitti Babu Punyamurthula|Chitti Babu]]
* [[Ananth Babu]]
* [[Suthi Velu]]
* [[Jenny (actor)|Jenny]]
* "Fight Master" Raju
* Siva Parvathi
{{colend}}

==Reception==

Upon its release, the film became a cult classic and remains one of the most celebrated Telugu movies ever made. Although certain aspects of [[Annamacharya|Shri Tallapaka Annamacharya's]] life story were modified, these creative liberties ultimately contributed to the film’s widespread appeal and commercial success.<ref>Annamayya film Review in IMDB.com</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Annamayya
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1997
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack Stereo
| length = 65:51
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| prev_title = [[Devaraagam]]
| prev_year = 1996
| next_title = [[Surya Putrulu]]
| next_year = 1997
}}

Music released on [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] Audio company. The audio was initially released in two volumes (Vol. 1 & Vol. 2) in the [[Audio cassette]] format.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aptalkies.com/movie.php?id=685|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140513171700/http://www.aptalkies.com/movie.php?id=685|url-status=usurped|archive-date=13 May 2014|title=Annamayya (1997) Telugu Movie Review, Cast and Crew, Posters, Wallpapers, Audio covers, Song books, Full Movie, Video Songs, Lyrics, Story}}</ref> The film album is the highest sold Telugu music album till date.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/keeravani-sriramadasu.html |title=Keeravani on Sri Ramadasu songs - Telugu and Hindi film music director |access-date=12 December 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302083555/http://idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/keeravani-sriramadasu.html |archive-date=2 March 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Most of the tracks which demanded main lead voices were recorded by S. P. Balasubrahmaniyum & Chitra, who were then household singers of Telugu film industry & also were acclaimed for making this album immortal with their golden voices. The rest other singers like M. M. Keeravani, Mano, Sujatha, Srilekha, Purna Chander, Anuradha Sriram & Renuka recorded almost all the backing vocals in the entire album. Many krithis of Annamaachaarya were brought back to life again through this album, say Nigama Nigamantha Krithi sung by SPB & Chitra still holds a special place in every Telugu film lover's hearts.

{{track listing
| headline = Telugu Track listing
| all_music = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| total_length = 65:51
| length_credits = yes
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| title1 = Vinaro Bhagyamu
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Srilekha Parthasarathy|Srilekha]], [[M. M. Keeravani]], [[Sujatha Mohan]], [[Anuradha Sriram]], Anand, [[Gangadhara Sastry|Gangadhar]], Renuka, Purnachandar, Anand Bhattacharya
| lyrics1 = [[Annamacharya|Annamayya Keerthana]]
| length1 = 3:32
| title2 = Telugu Padaniki
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Sujatha Mohan, Renuka
| lyrics2 = [[Veturi]]
| length2 = 3:56
| title3 = Ele Ele Maradala
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Sujatha Mohan, Anuradha Sriram
| lyrics3 = Veturi
| length3 = 4:26
| title4 = Padhaharu Kalalaku
| extra4 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
| lyrics4 = [[J. K. Bharavi]]
| length4 = 2:16
| title5 = Kalaganti Kalaganti
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| lyrics5 = Annamayya Keerthana
| length5 = 2:53
| title6 = Adhivo Alladivo
| extra6 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| lyrics6 = Annamayya Keerthana
| length6 = 3:57
| title7 = Podagantimayya
| extra7 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| lyrics7 = Annamayya Keerthana
| length7 = 4:10
| title8 = Vinnapalu Vinavale
| extra8 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[K. S. Chithra]], Renuka, Srilekha
| lyrics8 = Annamayya Keerthana
| length8 = 4:08
| title9 = Sobhaname Sobhaname
| extra9 = Mano
| lyrics9 = Annamayya Keerthana
| length9 = 1:32
| title10 = Moosina Muthyalake
| extra10 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra, Sujatha Mohan
| lyrics10 = Annamayya Keerthana
| length10 = 3:22
| title11 = Asmadeeya
| extra11 = K. S. Chithra, [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
| lyrics11 = Veturi
| length11 = 3:57
| title12 = Kondalalo Nelakonna
| extra12 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| lyrics12 = Annamayya Keerthana
| length12 = 1:31
| title13 = Emoko
| extra13 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| lyrics13 = Annamayya Keerthana
| length13 = 4:22
| title14 = Palanethrala
| extra14 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| lyrics14 = Annamayya Keerthana
| length14 = 1:26
| title15 = Nigama Nigamantha
| extra15 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra
| lyrics15 = Annamayya Keerthana
| length15 = 3:59
| title16 = Govindaa Sritha
| extra16 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, M. M. Keeravani, Anand Bhattacharya, Anuradha Sriram
| lyrics16 = Annamayya Keerthana
| length16 = 8:02
| title17 = Nanati Bathuku
| extra17 = Mano
| lyrics17 = Annamayya Keerthana
| length17 = 1:06
| title18 = Dachuko Nee Padaalaku
| extra18 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[S. P. Sailaja]]
| lyrics18 = Annamayya Keerthana
| length18 = 0:46
| title19 = Antharyami
| extra19 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. P. Sailaja
| lyrics19 = Annamayya Keerthana
| length19 = 4:15
| title20 = Brahma Kadigina Padamu
| extra20 = K. S. Chithra, M. M. Keeravani, Poorna Chandar, Anuradha Sriram, Sujatha Mohan, Radhika
| lyrics20 = Annamayya Keerthana
| length20 = 2:05
}}

==Box-office==
The film turned out to be a Blockbuster with a 100-day run in 42 centres.<ref>[https://idlebrain.com/celeb/bio-data/bio-nag.html Telugu cinema - Nagarjuna - bio data]</ref> The film had a 176-day run in 2 centres.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cinegoer.com/nagarjuna175.htm |title=CineGoer.com - Box-Office Records And Collections - Nagarjuna's 175-Day Centres List|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070223040803/http://www.cinegoer.com/nagarjuna175.htm |date=23 February 2007|work=Cinegoer|archive-date=23 February 2007}}</ref> The film was a big hit in Chennai & Bangalore too.<ref>[https://www.rediff.com/movies/sep/05nag.htm#05anna6 Rediff On The Net, Movies: Nagarjuna plays a religious poet in Annamayya]</ref>

The film was dubbed into Tamil as ''Annamacharya'', into Malayalam as ''Annamacharya'' and in Hindi as ''Tirupathi Sri Balaji''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sify.com/movies/telugu/fullstory.php?id=14302904 |title=`Annamayya` in Hindi! - Sify.com |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=31 October 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930204431/http://sify.com/movies/telugu/fullstory.php?id=14302904 |archive-date=30 September 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.totaltollywood.com/articles/nag3.html |title=TotalTollywood - Destination Telugu Cinema - One stop for Telugu Movies and Music|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104172723/http://www.totaltollywood.com/articles/nag3.html |date=4 January 2007|archive-date=4 January 2007|work=Total Tollywood}}</ref>

==Awards==
;[[45th National Film Awards]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Music Direction|Best Music Direction]] - [[M. M. Keeravani]]
* [[National Film Award – Special Mention (feature film)|Special Mention (actor)]] - [[Akkineni Nagarjuna|Nagarjuna]]

;[[Filmfare Awards South]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Telugu|Best Film – Telugu]] - [[V. Doraswamy Raju]] Raju<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/45thFilmfareSouthBestFilmsWinners |title = 45th Filmfare South Best Films Winners : Santosh : Free Download & St… |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170205065518/https://archive.org/details/45thFilmfareSouthBestFilmsWinners |archive-date=5 February 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu|Best Director – Telugu]] - [[K. Raghavendra Rao]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/45thFilmfareSouthBestDirectorAwards |title = 45th Filmfare South Best Director Awards : Santosh : Free Download & … |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170205072547/https://archive.org/details/45thFilmfareSouthBestDirectorAwards |archive-date=5 February 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]] - Nagarjuna

;[[Nandi Awards]] - 1997<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=21 August 2020 | language=Telugu}}</ref>
* [[Nandi Award for Best Feature Film|Best Feature Film - Gold]] - V. Doraswamy Raju
* [[Nandi Award for Best Director|Best Director]] - K. Raghavendra Rao
* [[Nandi Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] - Nagarjuna
* [[Nandi Award for Best Male Dubbing Artist|Best Male Dubbing Artist]] - [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
* [[Nandi Award for Best Costume Designer|Best Costume Designer]] - Thota Babu Rao
* [[Nandi Award for Best Makeup Artist|Best Makeup Artist]] - T. Mallikarjuna Rao
* [[Nandi Award for Best Art Director|Best Art Director]] - V. Bhaskara Raju
* [[Nandi Award for Best Cinematographer|Best Cinematographer]] - [[A. Vincent]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0249361|Annamayya}}

{{K. Raghavendra Rao|state=collapsed }}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Film – Telugu}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Annamayya (Film)}}
[[Category:1997 films]]
[[Category:1997 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian biographical films]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Raghavendra Rao]]
[[Category:Indian musical films]]
[[Category:Indian epic films]]
[[Category:Films about classical music and musicians]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. M. Keeravani]]
[[Category:Hindu devotional films]]
[[Category:1990s biographical films]]
[[Category:1997 musical films]]
[[Category:Indian supernatural films]]
[[Category:Paranormal films]]
[[Category:Biographical films about composers]]
[[Category:Films set in the 15th century]]
[[Category:Films about the caste system in India]]
[[Category:Biographical films about religious leaders]]
[[Category:Hindu mythological films]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian folklore]]
[[Category:Indian mythology in popular culture]]
[[Category:Films shot in Tirupati]]
[[Category:Films set in Tirupati]]

Michael Bloomberg

2026-03-13T04:12:38Z

Drsuruchipuri: Improved wording and formatting

{{Short description|American businessman and politician (born 1942)}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2020}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Michael Bloomberg
| image = Mike Bloomberg Headshot (3x4 cropped).jpg
| caption = Bloomberg in 2015
| order1 = 109th
| office1 = Mayor of New York City
| term_start1 = January 1, 2002
| term_end1 = December 31, 2013
| 1blankname1 = First Deputy
| 1namedata1 = Marc Shaw (2002–2005) [[Patricia Harris]] (2006–2013)
| predecessor1 = [[Rudy Giuliani]]
| successor1 = [[Bill de Blasio]]
| birth_name = Michael Rubens Bloomberg
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1942|2|14}}
| birth_place = [[Boston]], Massachusetts, U.S.
| party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] (before 2001; 2018–present) [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] (2001–2007) [[Independent politician|Independent]] (2007–2018)
| spouse = {{marriage|Susan Brown-Meyer|1975|1993|end=div}}
| partner = [[Diana Taylor (superintendent)|Diana Taylor]] (2000–present)
| children = 2, including [[Georgina Bloomberg|Georgina]]
| education = [[Johns Hopkins University]] ([[Bachelor of Science in Engineering|BSE]]) [[Harvard University]] ([[Master of Business Administration|MBA]])
| signature = Michael Bloomberg Signature.svg
| website = {{URL|mikebloomberg.com|Official website}}
}}
{{Michael Bloomberg series}}

'''Michael Rubens Bloomberg''' (born February 14, 1942) is an American businessman and politician. He is the majority owner and co-founder of [[Bloomberg L.P.]], and was its CEO from 1981 to 2001, and again from 2014 to 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mullin |first1=Benjamin |title=Bloomberg L.P., a Financial Data Giant, Overhauls Its Leadership Ranks |work=The New York Times |date=August 21, 2023 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/21/business/media/bloomberg-lp-succession.html#:~:text=lp%2Dsuccession.html-,Bloomberg%20L.P.%2C%20a%20Financial%20Data%20Giant%2C%20Overhauls%20Its%20Leadership%20Ranks,Paul%20Zammitt%20its%20new%20president. |access-date=October 24, 2023}}</ref> He [[Mayoralty of Michael Bloomberg|served as]] the 109th [[mayor of New York City]] from 2002 to 2013. He was a lifelong [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] until 2001, when he switched to the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] to run for mayor, and later became an [[Independent politician|Independent]] in 2007. Bloomberg is the most recent mayor of New York City to serve as a Republican or Independent. In 2018, he rejoined the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], after which he ran [[Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign|an unsuccessful campaign]] for the [[2020 Democratic presidential primaries|2020 Democratic nomination]] for [[president of the United States]]. Bloomberg is a [[List of centibillionaires|centibillionaire]], worth $109.4 billion as of December 2025, making him the 17th richest person in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Forbes Real Time Billionaires List - The World's Richest People |url=https://www.forbes.com/real-time-billionaires/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251224072756/https://www.forbes.com/real-time-billionaires/ |archive-date=December 24, 2025 |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=Forbes |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref>

Bloomberg grew up in [[Medford, Massachusetts]], and graduated from [[Johns Hopkins University]] in Baltimore, Maryland, and [[Harvard Business School]] in Boston, Massachusetts. He began his career at the securities brokerage firm [[Salomon Brothers]], before forming his own company in 1981. That company, [[Bloomberg L.P.]], is a financial information, software, and media firm that is known for its [[Bloomberg Terminal]]. Bloomberg spent the next twenty years as its chairman and CEO. Bloomberg, who has signed [[the Giving Pledge]], has given away $17.4 billion to philanthropic causes in his lifetime.<ref name=":0" /> After a brief stint as a full-time philanthropist, he re-assumed the position of CEO at Bloomberg L.P. by the end of 2014.

Bloomberg was elected the [[List of mayors of New York City|109th]] mayor of New York City in [[2001 New York City mayoral election|2001]]. He held office for three consecutive terms, winning re-election in [[2005 New York City mayoral election|2005]] and [[2009 New York City mayoral election|2009]]. Pursuing [[Political positions of Michael Bloomberg|socially liberal and fiscally moderate policies]], Bloomberg developed a [[Technocracy|technocratic managerial style]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cooper |first1=Michael |title=Political Memo; Bloomberg, the Technocrat, Seeks His Inner La Guardia |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/01/nyregion/political-memo-bloomberg-the-technocrat-seeks-his-inner-la-guardia.html |access-date=2 October 2025 |agency=The New York Times |date=1 October 2003}}</ref>

As the mayor of New York, Bloomberg established public [[charter school]]s, rebuilt urban infrastructure, and supported [[Gun politics in the United States|gun control]], [[public health]] initiatives, and [[Environmental policy of the United States|environmental protections]]. He also led a re-zoning of large areas of the city, which facilitated massive and widespread new commercial and residential construction after the [[September 11 attacks]]. Bloomberg is considered to have had far-reaching influence on [[politics of New York City|the politics]], [[Economy of New York City|business sector]], and [[culture of New York City]] during his three terms as mayor. He has also faced significant criticism for the city's [[Stop-and-frisk in New York City|stop-and-frisk]] program, support for which he reversed with an apology before his 2020 presidential run.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bloomberg apologizes for "stop-and-frisk" police practice|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/bloomberg-apologizes-stop-frisk-police-practice-n1084756|access-date=July 24, 2020|website=NBC News|date=November 18, 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

In November 2019, four months before [[Super Tuesday]], Bloomberg officially launched [[Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign|his campaign]] for the Democratic nomination for president of the United States in the [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 election]]. He ended his campaign in March 2020, after having won only 61 delegates. Bloomberg self-funded $935 million for his candidacy, which set the record for the most expensive presidential primary campaign and highest spending in any political capacity by a single individual in U.S. history.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Form 3P for Mike Bloomberg 2020, Inc. |url=https://docquery.fec.gov/cgi-bin/forms/C00728154/1391483/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=docquery.fec.gov}}</ref> In 2024, Bloomberg received the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] from President [[Joe Biden]].<ref name=":6">{{cite web|url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/05/03/president-biden-announces-recipients-of-the-presidential-medal-of-freedom-2/|publisher=The White House|title=President Biden Announces Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom|date=May 3, 2024|access-date=May 3, 2024}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite news |last=Baker |first=Peter |date=2024-05-03 |title=Biden to Honor Prominent Democrats With Presidential Medal of Freedom |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/03/us/politics/biden-presidential-medal-freedom.html |access-date=2024-05-03 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Bloomberg was born on February 14, 1942, at [[St. Elizabeth's Medical Center (Boston)|St. Elizabeth's Hospital]], in the [[Brighton, Boston|Brighton]] neighborhood of [[Boston]], to William Henry Bloomberg, a bookkeeper for a dairy company,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Murphy|first=Dean E.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/26/nyregion/bloomberg-a-man-of-contradictions-but-with-a-single-focus.html|title=Bloomberg a Man of Contradictions, but With a Single Focus|date=November 26, 2001|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=March 16, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and Charlotte (née Rubens) Bloomberg.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/20/nyregion/charlotte-r-bloomberg-mayors-mother-dies-at-102.html |title=Charlotte R. Bloomberg, Mayor's Mother, Dies at 102 |last=Harris |first=Elizabeth A. |date=June 20, 2011 |work=The New York Times |access-date=October 13, 2017 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Saguinsin|first=Art|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_LSMDwAAQBAJ&q=Michael%20Bloomberg%20was%20born%20at%20St.%20Elizabeth's%20Hospital%20in%20Boston,%20Massachusetts,%20on%20February%2014,%201942&pg=PA76|title=Things You Need To Know About Success & Failure|publisher=A.T.Saguinsin|language=en}}</ref> His father never earned more than $6,000 a year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pelley |first=Scott |date=2020-03-01 |title=Mike Bloomberg tells 60 Minutes why he should be president – CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mike-bloomberg-2020-democratic-presidential-candidate-60-minutes-2020-03-01/ |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=CBS News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bloomberg |first=Michael R. |date=2018-11-18 |title=Opinion {{!}} Michael Bloomberg: Why I'm Giving $1.8 Billion for College Financial Aid |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/18/opinion/bloomberg-college-donation-financial-aid.html |access-date=2024-04-29 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> William Henry Bloomberg died suddenly when his son was in college.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cardwell |first=Diane |date=2007-02-01 |title=In Jerusalem, Spotlight on Bloomberg's Father |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/01/nyregion/01cnd-dad.html |access-date=2024-04-29 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The [[Baker Library/Bloomberg Center|Bloomberg Center]] at the [[Harvard Business School]] was named in William Henry's honor.<ref>{{cite web |title=Baker Library/Bloomberg Center |url=https://www.hbs.edu/about/campus-and-culture/campus-built-on-philanthropy/Pages/baker-library-bloomberg-center.aspx |website=Harvard Business School |access-date=October 13, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Levitz|first=Jennifer|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/bloomberg-condemns-narrowing-views-on-college-campuses-1401402413|title=Bloomberg Condemns Narrowing Views on College Campuses|date=May 29, 2014|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=March 16, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0099-9660}}</ref> Bloomberg's family is [[Jewish]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ungar-Sargon |first1=Batya |title=This is the most Jewish election in U.S. history. Amazingly, no one cares |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=February 28, 2020 | via=Cengage | oclc=2269358 |issn=0190-8286 | id={{Gale|A615538670}}}}</ref> and he is a member of the [[Congregation Emanu-El of New York|Temple Emanu-El]] in Manhattan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/2010/08/31/culture/focus-on-bloombergs-jewishness|title='Focus' on Bloomberg's Jewishness|date=September 1, 2010}}</ref> Bloomberg's paternal grandfather, Rabbi Alexander "Elick" Bloomberg, was a [[Polish Jew]].<ref name=":7">{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Michael-Bloomberg |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Michael Bloomberg|date=May 10, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/12/16/archives/susan-meyer-is-married-to-michael-bloomberg.html|title = Susan Meyer is Married to Michael Bloomberg|newspaper = The New York Times|date = December 16, 1976}}</ref> Bloomberg's maternal grandfather, Max Rubens, was a [[Lithuanian Jewish]] immigrant from present-day [[Belarus]], and his maternal grandmother was born in New York to Lithuanian Jewish parents.<ref>{{cite news |last=Purnick |first=Joyce |date=October 9, 2009 |title=Mike Bloomberg |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/09/books/excerpt-mike-bloomberg.html |url-access=limited |work=The New York Times |quote=[Micheal Bloomberg's mother,] Charlotte Rubens, [had a father] born in present-day Belarus. [Her said father] emigrated to England before coming with his family to New Jersey. Her mother, a child of immigrants from Lithuania, was born on Mott Street in lower Manhattan.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ford |first1=Beverly |last2=Lovett |first2=Kenneth |last3=Blau |first3=Reuven |last4=Einhorn |first4=Erin |last5=Lucadamo |first5=Kathleen |date=June 19, 2011 |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/charlotte-bloomberg-mayor-bloomberg-mother-dies-102-article-1.127366 |title=Charlotte Bloomberg, Mayor Bloomberg's Mother, Dies at 102 |work=[[New York Daily News]] |access-date=July 12, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Andrew |first1=Tisch |last2=Skafidas |first2=Mary |title=Journeys: An American Story |url=https://subwayreads.org/book/journeys-an-american-story/ |website=Subway Reads |access-date=9 December 2022 |archive-date=September 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925015016/https://subwayreads.org/book/journeys-an-american-story/ }}</ref>

The family lived in [[Allston]] until Bloomberg was two years old, followed by [[Brookline, Massachusetts]], for two years, finally settling in the Boston suburb of [[Medford, Massachusetts]], where he lived until after he graduated from college.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/19/nyregion/bloombergs-hometown-medford-mass-struggles-to-keep-his-attention.html |title=Mayor's Ties to Hometown Fade, but for a few, They Are Still Felt |work=The New York Times |date=March 19, 2012 |first=Michael M. |last=Grynbaum |access-date=March 20, 2012 |url-access=limited}}</ref>

Bloomberg became an [[Eagle Scout]] when he was twelve years old.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fiorina |first1=Steve |title=Mike Bloomberg campaigns in San Diego for first time |url=https://www.cbs8.com/article/news/politics/national-politics/mike-bloomberg-campaigns-in-san-diego-for-first-time/509-a0d92320-0073-4115-a7ea-11b089039616 |access-date=4 December 2020 |date=5 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yoJ5gIsDat0C |location=New York |publisher=St. Martin's Press |pages=111–18 |access-date=February 14, 2012 |title=Legacy of Honor: The Values and Influence of America's Eagle Scouts |isbn=978-0-312-36653-7 |year=2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url-status=live |last=Auletta|first=Ken|date=March 10, 1997|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1997/03/10/the-bloomberg-threat |title=The Bloomberg Threat|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011120203615/http://newyorker.com/FROM_THE_ARCHIVE/ARCHIVES/?011126fr_archive01|archive-date=November 20, 2001|volume=73|issue=3|page=38}}</ref> He graduated from [[Medford High School (Massachusetts)|Medford High School]] in 1960.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2012/03/05/nyregion/20120305medford.html|title=Bloomberg's Medford|newspaper=The New York Times|date=March 18, 2012 |url-access=limited}}</ref> He went on to attend [[Johns Hopkins University]], where he joined the fraternity [[Phi Kappa Psi]]. While there, he constructed the [[blue jay]] costume for the university's [[mascot]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.admitsee.com/blog/10-fun-facts-about-johns-hopkins-university |title=10 Fun Facts about Johns Hopkins University |website=www.admitsee.com |access-date=March 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2001-11-10-0111100156-story.html|title=He was always working|last=Smith|first=Linell|website=The Baltimore Sun|date=November 10, 2001 |language=en-US|access-date=March 16, 2020}}</ref> He graduated in 1964 with a [[Bachelor of Science in Engineering]] degree in [[electrical engineering]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=When I arrived at Johns Hopkins University, I intended to major in physics – until I found out there was a German requirement. After a few days of mangling the language, I switched to the engineering… {{!}} Mike Bloomberg {{!}} 318 comments |url=https://www.linkedin.com/posts/mikebloomberg_when-i-arrived-at-johns-hopkins-university-activity-7102291236446687232--4eq |access-date=2025-10-25 |website=www.linkedin.com |language=en}}</ref> In 1966, he graduated from [[Harvard Business School]] with a [[Master of Business Administration]] (MBA) degree.<ref>{{cite web |title=Life After B-School: 5 Very Different HBS Grads |date=April 15, 2011 |access-date=February 14, 2012 |url=http://www.knewton.com/blog/gmat/b-school-life/2011/04/15/life-after-b-school-5-very-different-hbs-grads |first=Meghan |last=Daniels |work=[[Knewton]] blog |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309014005/http://www.knewton.com/blog/gmat/b-school-life/2011/04/15/life-after-b-school-5-very-different-hbs-grads/ |archive-date=March 9, 2012 }}</ref><ref name=bbb17>{{cite book |last=Bloomberg |first=Michael |year=1997 |title=Bloomberg by Bloomberg |publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |isbn=978-0-471-15545-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bloombergbybloom00bloo/page/17 17] |url=https://archive.org/details/bloombergbybloom00bloo/page/17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/successful-harvard-business-school-alumni-2015-7|title=The 30 most successful Harvard Business School graduates of all time |author=Richard Feloni |author2=Tanza Loudenback |author3=Ivan De Luce|website=Business Insider|date=August 5, 2019|access-date=March 16, 2020}}</ref>
<gallery class="center" mode="nolines" heights="200px" widths="200px">
File:Michael Bloomberg in 1960 Blue and White.jpg|{{center|Bloomberg in [[Medford High School (Massachusetts)|Medford High School]]'s 1960 yearbook}}
File:Michael Bloomberg in 1964 Hullabaloo.jpg|{{center|Bloomberg in [[Johns Hopkins University]]'s 1964 yearbook}}
</gallery>
Bloomberg is a member of [[Kappa Beta Phi]] and [[Tau Beta Pi]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-5PxAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT151 |last=Roose |first=Kevin |date=2014 |title=Young Money: Inside the Hidden World of Wall Street's Post-Crash Recruits |location=London, UK |publisher=John Murray (Publishers), An Hachette UK Company |page=151 |isbn=978-1-4555-7232-8}}</ref> He wrote an autobiography, ''Bloomberg by Bloomberg'', with help from [[Bloomberg News]] editor-in-chief [[Matthew Winkler (journalist)|Matthew Winkler]].<ref>{{cite news|date=October 27, 2008|title=The Fate of Bloomberg's Memoir|last=Barbaro|first=Michael|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/10/27/the-fate-of-bloombergs-memoir|access-date=November 1, 2012|url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Farhi|first=Paul|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/bloomberg-news-reaches-into-british-media-for-a-new-top-editor/2014/12/09/c7080380-7fbf-11e4-81fd-8c4814dfa9d7_story.html|title=Bloomberg News reaches into British media for a new top editor|date=December 9, 2014|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=March 16, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}</ref>

== Business career ==
[[File:Bloomberg Terminal Museum.jpg|thumb|Sample Bloomberg Terminal as displayed at the [[Computer History Museum]]'s permanent collection]]

In 1966, Bloomberg was hired for a job earning $9,000 per year<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2001/nov/08/usnews.internationalnews|title=How tycoon made millions|date=November 8, 2001|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> at [[Salomon Brothers]], a large [[Wall Street]] [[investment bank]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/michael-bloomberg-biography-2012-7|title=How Michael Bloomberg Went From Bond Trader To Billionaire Media Mogul With One Incredible Machine|last=Meserve|first=Myles|website=Business Insider|access-date=March 16, 2020}}</ref> Salomon Brothers later promoted him to the equities desk.<ref name="auto"/> Bloomberg became a [[general partner]] at Salomon Brothers in 1972; he headed [[equity trading]] and, later, [[systems development]].<ref name=":3"/> [[Phibro Corporation]] bought Salomon Brothers in 1981, and the new management fired Bloomberg, paying him $10 million for his equity in the firm.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bloomberg|first=Michael|url=https://archive.org/details/bloombergbybloom00bloo|title=Bloomberg by Bloomberg|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc.|year=1997|isbn=0-471-15545-4|chapter=The Last Supper|chapter-url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/b/bloomberg-bloomberg.html|url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Patrick |last=McGeehan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/19/nyregion/19bankers.html |title=City Will Help Retrain Laid-Off Wall Streeters |newspaper=The New York Times |date=February 18, 2009 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/01/education/edlife/mike-bloomberg-salomon-brothers.html|title=Michael Bloomberg on How to Succeed in Business|last=Roberts|first=Sam|date=February 1, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 21, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}}</ref>

Using the money he received from Phibro, Bloomberg—having designed in-house computerized financial systems for Salomon—set up a data services company named Innovative Market Systems (IMS)<ref name="Stewart" /> based on his belief that Wall Street would pay a premium for high-quality business information, delivered instantaneously on computer terminals in a variety of usable formats.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DsJn4397J1cC&pg=PA26 |page=26 |title=The Battle for Wall Street: Behind the Lines in the Struggle that Pushed an Industry into Turmoil |isbn=978-0-470-44681-2 |last1=Goldberg |first1=Richard |date=January 23, 2009 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons }}</ref> The company sold customized [[computer terminal]]s that delivered real-time market data, financial calculations and other analytics to Wall Street firms. The terminal, first called the Market Master terminal, was released to market in December 1982.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/3051883/the-bloomberg-terminal|title=How the Bloomberg Terminal Made History—And Stays Ever Relevant|website=Fast Company|date=October 6, 2015|first=Harry|last=McCracken|access-date=February 27, 2020}}</ref>

In 1986, IMS renamed itself Bloomberg L.P.<ref name=":3" /> Over the years, ancillary products including [[Bloomberg News]], [[Bloomberg Radio]], Bloomberg Message, and Bloomberg Tradebook were launched.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pasiuk|first=Laurie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mTEOrAa2g5EC&q=Bloomberg%20News,%20Bloomberg%20Radio,%20Bloomberg%20Message,%20and%20Bloomberg%20Tradebook%20were%20launched&pg=PA33|title=Vault Guide to the Top Media & Entertainment Employers|date=2005|publisher=Vault Inc.|isbn=978-1-58131-337-6|language=en}}</ref> Bloomberg, L.P. had revenues of approximately $10 billion in 2018.<ref name="Stewart" /> As of 2019, the company has more than 325,000 terminal subscribers worldwide and employs 20,000 people in dozens of locations.<ref name="Stewart" />

In the 1980s and 1990s, Bloomberg L.P. has been compared to a fraternity, with employees bragging in the company's office about their sexual exploits.<ref name="nyt">{{cite news |last=Grynbaum |first=Michael M. |date=November 14, 2019 |title=Bloomberg's Team Calls His Crude Remarks on Women 'Wrong' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/14/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-women.html |url-access=limited |access-date=November 14, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Nicole Einbinder |author2=Dakin Campbell |title=Mike Bloomberg made crass sexual remarks about women in the workplace as recently as 2014, according to a former executive |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/michael-bloomberg-crass-sexual-jokes-demeaning-comments-women-stint-mayor-2020-3 |access-date=March 18, 2020 |work=Business Insider}}</ref> The company was [[Bloomberg L.P.#Controversies|sued four times by female employees]] for [[sexual harassment]], including one incident in which a victim claimed to have been raped.<ref name="vv">{{cite news |last=Barrett |first=Wayne |date=October 30, 2001 |title=Bloomberg's Sexual Blind Spot |url=https://www.villagevoice.com/2001/10/30/bloombergs-sexual-blind-spot/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712131722/https://www.villagevoice.com/2001/10/30/bloombergs-sexual-blind-spot/ |archive-date=July 12, 2018 |access-date=October 30, 2019 |work=Village Voice |location=New York}}</ref><ref name="atlantic" /> To celebrate Bloomberg's 48th birthday, colleagues published a pamphlet entitled ''[[The Portable Bloomberg: The Wit and Wisdom of Michael Bloomberg]]''. Among various sayings that were attributed to him, several have subsequently been criticized as sexist or misogynistic. Among the contents of the 1990 publication are a suggestion that if women wanted to be known for their intelligence, they would spend less time at [[Bloomingdale's]] and more at the library;<ref name="Kranish2020">{{cite news |last=Kranish |first=Michael |date=February 15, 2020 |title=Mike Bloomberg for years has battled women's allegations of profane, sexist comments |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2020/politics/michael-bloomberg-women/ |access-date=May 20, 2024 |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> as well as a joke that if Bloomberg terminals could provide oral sex, it would put female employees out of work.<ref name="abc">{{cite news |last=Pezenik |first=Sasha |date=December 16, 2019 |title=Booklet of Mike Bloomberg's 'Wit and Wisdom' could haunt him during presidential bid: Critics |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/booklet-mike-bloombergs-wit-wisdom-haunt-presidential-bid/story?id=67744181 |access-date=December 16, 2019 |work=ABC News}}</ref><ref name="nyt" /> Bloomberg's staff told the ''New York Times'' that he now regrets having made such "disrespectful" remarks.<ref name="atlantic" />

When he left the position of CEO to pursue a political career as the mayor of New York City, Bloomberg was replaced by Lex Fenwick<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dowjones.com/djcom/leadership/LFenwick.asp |title=Lex Fenwick's biography |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202221539/http://www.dowjones.com/djcom/leadership/LFenwick.asp |archive-date=December 2, 2013 |work=[[dowjones.com]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/dowjones-fenwick-correcte-idUSL1E8L706D20121009|title=CORRECTED-RPT-INSIGHT-The Lex Factor roils Dow Jones|date=October 9, 2012|website=Reuters.com}}</ref> and later by [[Daniel L. Doctoroff]], after his initial service as deputy mayor under Bloomberg.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-29057587|title=Ex-New York mayor back at Bloomberg|date=September 4, 2014|work=BBC News|access-date=March 18, 2020|language=en-GB}}</ref> After completing his final term as the mayor of New York City, Bloomberg spent his first eight months out of office as a full-time philanthropist. In fall 2014, he announced that he would return to Bloomberg L.P. as CEO at the end of 2014,<ref name="Andrew Ross Sorkin">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/04/business/media/michael-bloomberg-to-return-as-chief-of-company-he-founded.html |title=Michael Bloomberg to Return to Lead Bloomberg L.P. |work=[[The New York Times]] |first=Andrew Ross |last=Sorkin |date=September 3, 2014 |author-link=Andrew Ross Sorkin |url-access=limited}}</ref> succeeding Doctoroff, who had led the company since February 2008.<ref name="Andrew Ross Sorkin" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/54/400list08_Michael-Bloomberg_C610.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20090701035143/http://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/54/400list08_Michael-Bloomberg_C610.html |archive-date=July 1, 2009 |title=The 400 Richest Americans: #8 Michael Bloomberg |date=September 17, 2008 |access-date=September 17, 2008 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2014/09/03/bloomberg-returns-bloomberg-lp/15047285/|title=Bloomberg returns to media company as CEO leaves|last=Yu|first=Roger|website=USA Today|language=en-US|access-date=March 18, 2020}}</ref> Bloomberg resigned as CEO of Bloomberg L.P. to run for president in 2019.<ref name=Stewart>{{cite news |title=How Mike Bloomberg made his billions: a computer system you've probably never seen |last1=Stewart |first1=Emily |date=December 11, 2019 |url=https://www.vox.com/2020-presidential-election/2019/12/11/21005008/michael-bloomberg-terminal-net-worth-2020 |access-date=December 11, 2019 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]}}</ref>

In January 2024, [[John P. Angelos]] reached a $1.725 billion deal to sell the [[Baltimore Orioles]] to a group led by [[David Rubenstein]]. The group included Bloomberg, former Baltimore Mayor [[Kurt Schmoke]], [[Cal Ripken]], New York investment manager Michael Arougheti and NBA legend [[Grant Hill]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Andy Kostka |author2=Pamela Wood |author3=Danielle Allentuck |title=John Angelos agrees to sell Orioles to group led by David Rubenstein, Cal Ripken Jr. |url=https://www.thebaltimorebanner.com/sports/orioles-mlb/baltimore-orioles-sale-john-angelos-david-rubenstein-JXHAPWXKSNFS7JR3K6KRCC4LEY/ |access-date=31 January 2024 |newspaper=The Baltimore Banner |date=31 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Trister |first1=Noah |title=David Rubenstein has a deal to buy the Baltimore Orioles for $1.725 billion, AP source says |url=https://apnews.com/article/baltimore-orioles-david-rubenstein-sale-dffd7b500dc97d432ad1e739df656a67 |access-date=31 January 2024 |work=AP News |date=31 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kostka |first1=Andy |title=Kurt Schmoke and Michael Bloomberg part of new O's ownership, sources say |url=https://www.thebaltimorebanner.com/sports/orioles-mlb/orioles-ownership-group-michael-bloomberg-kurt-schmoke-grant-hill-david-rubenstein-cal-ripken-jr-QACXXKA3UJCUNHK4FOSQG25TPQ/ |access-date=31 January 2024 |work=The Baltimore Banner |date=31 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Wealth ===
In March 2009, ''[[Forbes]]'' reported Bloomberg's wealth at $16 billion, a gain of $4.5 billion over the previous year, the world's biggest increase in wealth from 2008 to 2009.<ref>{{cite news |author=Farrell, Andrew |title=Billionaires Who Made Billions More |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/03/10/made-millions-worlds-richest-people-billionaires-2009-billionaires-gainer_slide_2.html |access-date=July 26, 2012}}</ref> Bloomberg moved from 142nd to 17th in the ''Forbes'' list of the world's billionaires in only two years.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/10/07billionaires_Michael-Bloomberg_C610.html |title=The World's Billionaires |work=Forbes |date=March 8, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/10/billionaires-2009-richest-people_Michael-Bloomberg_C610.html |title=The World's Billionaires |work=Forbes |date=March 1, 2009 }}</ref> In the 2019 ''Forbes'' list of the world's billionaires, he was [[The World's Billionaires#2019|the ninth-richest person]]; his net worth was estimated at $55.5 billion.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-bloomberg/?list=billionaires#2edb600d1417 |title=#9 Michael Bloomberg |magazine=[[Forbes]] |year=2019 |access-date=March 4, 2020}}</ref> In 2021, Bloomberg's net worth was estimated at $106 billion, ranking him 12th on ''Forbes''{{'}} list of billionaires.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/billionaires/|title=Forbes Billionaires 2021: The Richest People in the World|website=[[Forbes]]}}</ref>

== Mayor of New York City ==
=== Mayoral elections ===
==== 2001 election ====
{{Main|2001 New York City mayoral election}}

In 2001, New York's Republican mayor [[Rudy Giuliani]], was ineligible for re-election due to the city's limit of two consecutive terms. Bloomberg, who had been a lifelong member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], decided to run for mayor on the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] ticket.<ref name="2001 election">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/08/nyregion/the-2001-elections-strategy-as-democrats-bicker-bloomberg-era-begins.html |access-date=February 15, 2020 |newspaper=The New York Times |first=Adam |last=Nagourney |title=The 2001 Elections: Strategy; As Democrats Bicker, Bloomberg Era Begins |date=November 8, 2001 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Voting in the primary began on the morning of September 11, 2001. The primary was postponed later that day, due to the [[September 11 attacks]]. In the rescheduled primary, Bloomberg defeated [[Herman Badillo]], a former Democratic [[United States House of Representatives|congressman]], to become the Republican nominee. After a [[Two-round system|runoff]], the Democratic nomination went to [[New York City Public Advocate]] [[Mark Green (New York politician)|Mark Green]].

Bloomberg received Giuliani's endorsement to succeed him in the 2001 election. He also had a huge campaign spending advantage. Although New York City's [[Campaign finance in the United States|campaign finance]] law restricts the total amount of contributions that a candidate can accept, Bloomberg chose not to use public funds and therefore his campaign was not subject to these restrictions. He spent $73 million of his own money on his campaign, outspending Green by a ratio of five to one.<ref>{{cite news |author=Russianoff, Gene |author-link=Gene Russianoff |date=December 9, 2003 |title=Mike's Wrong, Campaign Fixes Make Sense |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/ideas_opinions/story/143966p-127415c.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060105025803/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/ideas_opinions/story/143966p-127415c.html |archive-date=January 5, 2006 |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York}}</ref>

In the wake of the September 11 attacks, Bloomberg's administration made a successful bid to host the [[2004 Republican National Convention]]. The [[2004 Republican National Convention protest activity|convention drew thousands of protesters]], among them New Yorkers against [[George W. Bush]] and the Bush administration's pursuit of the [[Iraq War]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 30, 2004 |title=Bloomberg Walks a Fine Line as Host |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-aug-30-na-bloomberg30-story.html |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Hernandez |first=Raymond |date=June 18, 2002 |title=Bloomberg Makes City's Bid For 2004 G.O.P. Convention |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/18/nyregion/bloomberg-makes-city-s-bid-for-2004-gop-convention.html |url-access=limited |website=The New York Times}}</ref>

==== 2005 election ====
{{Main|2005 New York City mayoral election}}

Bloomberg was re-elected mayor in November 2005 by a margin of 20 percent, the widest margin ever for a Republican mayor of New York City.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Colangelo |first1=Lisa L. |last2=Saltonstall |first2=David |date=November 9, 2005 |title=Bloomberg wins by a KO: Crushes Ferrer by nearly 20-point margin |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/story/363961p-309955c.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126142753/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/story/363961p-309955c.html |archive-date=November 26, 2005 |access-date=November 12, 2008 |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York}}</ref> He spent almost $78 million on his campaign, exceeding the record of $74 million he spent on the previous election. In late 2004 or early 2005, Bloomberg gave the [[Independence Party of New York]] $250,000 to fund a phone bank seeking to recruit volunteers for his re-election campaign.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Haberman, Maggie |author2=Saltonstall, David |date=January 5, 2005 |title=Mayor Hires Indys To Hunt volunteers |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/front/story/268291p-229740c.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050105171254/http://www.nydailynews.com/front/story/268291p-229740c.html |archive-date=January 5, 2005 |access-date=July 12, 2011 |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York}}</ref>

Former Bronx Borough President [[Fernando Ferrer]] won the Democratic nomination to oppose Bloomberg in the general election. [[Thomas Ognibene]] sought to run against Bloomberg in the Republican Party's primary election.<ref name="schulman">{{cite news |last=Schulman |first=Robin |date=August 4, 2005 |title=Ognibene Loses Bid for Line on Ballot Against Bloomberg |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/04/nyregion/metrocampaigns/04ognibene.html |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> The Bloomberg campaign successfully challenged the signatures Ognibene submitted to the Board of Elections to prevent Ognibene from appearing on ballots for the Republican primary.<ref name="schulman" /> Instead, Ognibene ran on only the [[Conservative Party of New York State|Conservative Party]] ticket.<ref>{{cite news |last=Clyne |first=Meghan |date=April 27, 2005 |title=Ognibene Will Fight Bloomberg All the Way to November Election |url=https://www.nysun.com/new-york/ognibene-will-fight-bloomberg-all-the-way/12873/ |work=[[The New York Sun]]}}</ref> Ognibene accused Bloomberg of betraying Republican Party ideals, a feeling echoed by others.<ref>{{cite news |last=Levy |first=Julia |date=September 19, 2005 |title=Bloomberg's 'Republican' Problem |url=https://www.nysun.com/new-york/bloombergs-republican-problem/20193/ |work=[[The New York Sun]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Lagorio |first=Christine |date=October 22, 2005 |title=GOP Mayors Reign Over Liberal NYC |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/gop-mayors-reign-over-liberal-nyc/ |work=[[CBS News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Baker |first=Gerald |date=November 10, 2005 |title=Democrats Celebrate as Voters Pile Woe Upon Woe for Bush |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article1081546.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614213156/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article1081546.ece |archive-date=June 14, 2011 |access-date=October 3, 2008 |work=[[The Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Rudin |first=Ken |date=June 20, 2007 |title=Bloomberg News: A 'Subway Series' for President? |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=11221628 |work=NPR}}</ref>

Bloomberg opposed the confirmation of [[John Roberts]] as [[Chief Justice of the United States]].<ref name="PR- 354-05">{{cite web |last1=Skyler |first1=Edward |last2=Barowitz |first2=Jordan |date=September 16, 2005 |title=Statement By Mayor Bloomberg On Supreme Court Chief Justice Nominee John Roberts |url=https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/354-05/statement-mayor-bloomberg-supreme-court-chief-justice-nominee-john-roberts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219132110/https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/354-05/statement-mayor-bloomberg-supreme-court-chief-justice-nominee-john-roberts |archive-date=February 19, 2020 |access-date=January 20, 2011 |publisher=The City of New York}}</ref> Bloomberg is a staunch supporter of [[abortion rights]], and did not believe that Roberts was committed to maintaining ''[[Roe v. Wade]]''.<ref name="PR- 354-05" /> In addition to Republican support, Bloomberg obtained the endorsements of several prominent Democrats: former Democratic mayor [[Ed Koch]]; former Democratic governor [[Hugh Carey]]; former Democratic City Council Speaker [[Peter Vallone]], and his son, Councilman [[Peter Vallone Jr.]]; former Democratic Congressman [[Floyd Flake]] (who had previously endorsed Bloomberg in 2001), and [[Brooklyn]] [[Borough President]] [[Marty Markowitz]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Katz |first=Celeste |date=October 9, 2005 |title=Mike Soaks Up 2 Big Nods: Vallones Cross Party Line for Mayor |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/story/353944p-301791c.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060104155720/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/story/353944p-301791c.html |archive-date=January 4, 2006 |access-date=November 12, 2008 |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York}}</ref>

==== 2009 election ====
{{Main|2009 New York City mayoral election}}

[[File:Mayor Michael Bloomberg (cropped).jpg|thumb|Bloomberg in 2007]]

On October 2, 2008, Bloomberg announced he would seek to extend the [[New York City mayoral elections#Terms and term limits (since 1834)|city's term limits law]], and run for a third mayoral term in 2009. Bloomberg said, "Handling this financial crisis while strengthening essential services ... is a challenge I want to take on", Bloomberg said at a news conference. "So, should the City Council vote to amend term limits, I plan to ask New Yorkers to look at my record of independent leadership and then decide if I have earned another term."<ref name="Honan_Reuters_20081002">{{cite news |author=Honan, Edith |date=October 2, 2008 |title=NYC's Bloomberg Says To Seek Third Term as Mayor |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/marketsNews/idUSN0228265920081002 |work=Reuters}}</ref>

[[Ronald Lauder]], who campaigned for New York City's term limits in 1993 and spent over 4 million dollars of his own money to limit the maximum years a mayor could serve to eight years,<ref>{{cite news |author=Steven Lee Myers |date=October 24, 1993 |title=Ronald Lauder, Leader Of Term-Limit Band |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/24/nyregion/ronald-lauder-leader-of-term-limit-band.html |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> sided with Bloomberg and agreed to stay out of future legality issues.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hicks |first=Jonathan P. |date=September 30, 2008 |title=Lauder Favors a Third Term for Bloomberg |url=https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/09/30/lauder-favors-a-third-term-for-bloomberg/ |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> In exchange, he was promised a seat on an influential city board by Bloomberg.<ref>{{cite news |last=Einhorn |first=Erin |date=October 6, 2008 |title=Term limit deal: Ronald Lauder agrees to stay out of legal battle in return for city board seat |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/news/term-limit-deal-ronald-lauder-agrees-stay-legal-battle-return-city-board-seat-article-1.299400 |newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York}}</ref>

Some people and organizations objected, and [[NYPIRG]] filed a complaint with the City Conflict of Interest Board.<ref>{{cite web |title=Citizens Union/NYPIRG Forum on Term Limits Tonight |url=http://www.mas.org/citizens-unionnypirg-forum-on-term-limits-tonight |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106100625/http://mas.org/citizens-unionnypirg-forum-on-term-limits-tonight/ |archive-date=January 6, 2012 |publisher=mas.org}}</ref> On October 23, 2008, the city council voted 29–22 in favor of extending the term limit to three consecutive four-year terms.<ref name="nyccouncil">{{cite news |last=Kramer |first=Marcia |date=October 23, 2008 |title={{-'}}Aye' And Mighty: Bloomberg's Wish Is Granted |url=http://wcbstv.com/breakingnewsalerts/bloomberg.third.term.2.847239.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081025085132/http://wcbstv.com/breakingnewsalerts/bloomberg.third.term.2.847239.html |archive-date=October 25, 2008 |website=[[WCBS-TV]]}}</ref> After two days of public hearings, Bloomberg signed the bill into law on November 3.<ref name="Chan-Chen_NYT_20081103">{{cite news |last1=Chan |first1=Sewell |author-link=Sewell Chan |last2=Chen |first2=David W. |date=November 3, 2008 |title=City Room: After an Earful, Mayor Signs Term Limits Bill |url=https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/03/bloomberg-hears-opponents-of-term-limits-bill |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>

Bloomberg's bid for a third term generated some controversy. Civil libertarians such as former [[New York Civil Liberties Union]] Director [[Norman Siegel]] and New York Civil Rights Coalition Executive Director Michael Meyers joined with local politicians to protest the process as undermining the democratic process.<ref>{{cite web |last=Panisch |first=Jo |date=October 6, 2008 |title=New Yorkers Protest Against Bloomberg Plan to Override Term Limits. |url=http://archive.sohojournal.com/?p=1374 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208140310/http://archive.sohojournal.com/?p=1374 |archive-date=December 8, 2012 |access-date=November 5, 2012 |publisher=Archive.sohojournal.com}}</ref>

Bloomberg's opponent was [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] and [[Working Families Party]] nominee [[Bill Thompson (New York)|Bill Thompson]], who had been [[New York City Comptroller]] for the past eight years and before that, president of the [[New York City Board of Education]].<ref>{{cite web |date=April 14, 2014 |title=Office of the New York City Comptroller |url=http://www.comptroller.nyc.gov |access-date=April 20, 2014 |publisher=Comptroller.nyc.gov}}</ref> Bloomberg defeated Thompson by a vote of 51 percent to 46 percent.<ref>{{cite news |date=November 5, 2009 |title=2009 Election Results |url=http://elections.nytimes.com/2009/results/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091107034641/http://elections.nytimes.com/2009/results/index.html |archive-date=November 7, 2009 |access-date=May 12, 2010 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Bloomberg spent $109.2 million on his 2009 campaign, outspending Thompson by a margin of more than 11 to one.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 15, 2010 |title=Final total of Mayor Bloomberg's 2009 campaign: $109M |url=https://www.silive.com/news/2010/07/final_total_of_mayor_bloomberg.html |website=silive |agency=Associated Press}}</ref>

After the release of Independence Party campaign filings in January 2010, it was reported that Bloomberg had made two $600,000 contributions from his personal account to the Independence Party on October 30 and November 2, 2009.<ref>{{cite news |last=Benjamin |first=Elizabeth |author-link=Elizabeth Benjamin (journalist) |date=January 25, 2010 |title=Bloomberg's Independence (Pay)Day |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2010/01/bloombergs-independence-payday.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130014725/http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2010/01/bloombergs-independence-payday.html |archive-date=January 30, 2010 |access-date=April 17, 2010 |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York}}</ref> The Independence Party then paid $750,000 of that money to Republican Party political operative John Haggerty, Jr.<ref>{{cite news |last=Eligon |first=John |date=February 9, 2010 |title=How G.O.P. Worker Got Bloomberg Money Is Investigated |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/10/nyregion/10independence.html |url-access=limited |access-date=April 17, 2010 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> This prompted an investigation beginning in February 2010 by the office of [[New York County District Attorney]] [[Cyrus Vance Jr.|Cyrus Vance, Jr.]], into possible improprieties.<ref>{{cite news |last=Benjamin |first=Elizabeth |date=February 9, 2010 |title=Vance Investigating Indy/Bloomberg/Haggerty Connection |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2010/02/vance-investigating-indybloomb.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215225017/http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2010/02/vance-investigating-indybloomb.html |archive-date=February 15, 2010 |access-date=April 17, 2010 |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York}}</ref> The Independence Party later questioned how Haggerty spent the money, which was to go to poll-watchers.<ref>{{cite news |author=Benjamin, Elizabeth |date=February 12, 2010 |title=Independence Party to Haggerty: Where's Our Money? |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2010/02/independence-party-to-haggerty.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217092127/http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2010/02/independence-party-to-haggerty.html |archive-date=February 17, 2010 |access-date=April 17, 2010 |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York}}</ref> Former New York State Senator [[Martin Connor]] contended that because the Bloomberg donations were made to an Independence Party housekeeping account, rather than to an account meant for current campaigns, this was a violation of campaign finance laws.<ref>{{cite news |author=Barrett, Wayne |date=March 2, 2010 |title=Mike Bloomberg's $1.2 Million Indy Party Donation Gets Murkier and Murkier |url=http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/archives/2010/03/mike_bloomberg_3.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100709162713/http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/archives/2010/03/mike_bloomberg_3.php |archive-date=July 9, 2010 |access-date=April 17, 2010 |work=[[The Village Voice]]}}</ref> Haggerty also spent money from a separate $200,000 donation from Bloomberg on office space.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Calder, Rich |author2=Seifman, David |date=February 16, 2010 |title=Mike Poll Watcher Also Rented Office |url=http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/queens/mike_poll_watcher_also_rented_office_qVYB5U94wgeOcz0uJKNVrN |access-date=February 16, 2010 |work=[[New York Post]]}}</ref>

==== 2013 election ====
{{Main|2013 New York City mayoral election}}

On September 13, 2013, Bloomberg announced that he would not endorse any of the candidates to succeed him.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Barbaro |first1=Michael |last2=Taylor |first2=Kate |date=September 13, 2013 |title=Bloomberg Decides Not to Endorse a Successor |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/14/nyregion/bloomberg-says-he-will-not-make-endorsement-in-mayoral-race.html |url-access=limited |access-date=October 10, 2013 |work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Bailey |first=Holly |date=November 5, 2013 |title=Mayor Bloomberg focused on his legacy as he prepares to leave office |url=https://news.yahoo.com/michael-bloomberg-election-future-231927885.html |access-date=November 6, 2013 |publisher=Yahoo! News}}</ref> On his radio show, he stated, "I don't want to do anything that complicates it for the next mayor. And that's one of the reasons I've decided I'm just not going to make an endorsement in the race." He added, "I want to make sure that person is ready to succeed, to take what we've done and build on that."<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Barbaro |first1=Michael |last2=Taylor |first2=Kate |date=September 13, 2013 |title=Bloomberg Decides Not to Endorse a Successor |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/14/nyregion/bloomberg-says-he-will-not-make-endorsement-in-mayoral-race.html |url-access=limited |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref>

Bloomberg praised ''[[The New York Times]]'' for its endorsement of [[Christine Quinn]] and [[Joe Lhota]] as their favorite candidates in the Democratic and Republican primaries, respectively.<ref>{{cite news |last=Smith |first=Chris |date=September 7, 2013 |title=In Conversation: Michael Bloomberg |url=http://nymag.com/news/politics/bloomberg/in-conversation-2013-9/# |access-date=October 10, 2013 |work=New York}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mathias |first=Christopher |date=September 13, 2013 |title=Michael Bloomberg: I Won't Endorse Candidate In New York City Mayor Race |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/13/michael-bloomberg-endorse-no-new-york-city-mayor-race_n_3920428.html |access-date=October 10, 2013 |work=The Huffington Post}}</ref> Quinn came in third in the Democratic primary, and Lhota won the Republican primary. Bloomberg criticized Democratic mayoral candidate [[Bill de Blasio]]'s campaign methods, which he initially called "racist"; Bloomberg later downplayed, and partially retracted, those remarks.<ref>{{cite news |last=Louis |first=Errol |date=September 9, 2013 |title=Bloomberg's "racist" remark reveals much |url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/09/opinion/louis-bloomberg-de-blasio |access-date=October 10, 2013 |work=CNN}}</ref><ref name="AtlanticRacist">{{cite news |last=Simpson |first=Connor |date=September 7, 2013 |title=New York Alters Bloomberg "Racist" Accusation |url=http://www.theatlanticwire.com/politics/2013/09/michael-bloomberg-calls-bill-de-blasios-campaign-racist/69157 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130910023336/http://www.theatlanticwire.com/politics/2013/09/michael-bloomberg-calls-bill-de-blasios-campaign-racist/69157/ |archive-date=September 10, 2013 |access-date=October 10, 2013 |work=The Atlantic}}</ref>

On January 1, 2014, de Blasio became New York City's new mayor, succeeding Bloomberg.<ref>{{cite news |last=Deprez |first=Esmé E. |date=September 23, 2013 |title=Obama Endorses Fellow Democrat De Blasio for New York Mayor |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-09-23/obama-endorses-fellow-democrat-de-blasio-for-new-york-city-mayor.html |access-date=October 10, 2013}}</ref>
=== Tenure ===
{{Main|Mayoralty of Michael Bloomberg}}

[[File:George W. Bush and Michael Bloomberg.jpg|thumb|Bloomberg with President [[George W. Bush]] in 2003]]

Bloomberg assumed office as the 109th [[mayor of New York City]] on January 1, 2002.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Steinhauer|first=Jennifer|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/01/nyregion/the-mayoral-transition-overview-bloomberg-takes-oath-as-108th-mayor-of-new-york.html|title=THE MAYORAL TRANSITION: OVERVIEW; Bloomberg Takes Oath as 108th Mayor of New York|date=January 1, 2002|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 19, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apnews.com/article/mamdani-new-york-mayors-numbering-debate-1d0eddd0ecb06b6577c90cb0c6720ac1 |title=Mamdani has a place in NYC history. But which place in a centuries-long list of mayors? |first=Peltz |last=Jennifer |work=[[Associated Press]] |date=December 18, 2025 |access-date=January 1, 2026}}</ref> He won re-election in 2005, and again in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2009/11/04/bloomberg-elected-to-a-third-term/|title=Bloomberg elected to a third term|last=Lisi|first=Clemente|date=November 4, 2009|website=New York Post|language=en|access-date=March 19, 2020}}</ref> As mayor, he initially struggled with approval ratings as low as 24 percent,<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/mikebloomberg00purn |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/mikebloomberg00purn/page/102 102] |title=Mike Bloomberg: Money, Power, Politics |publisher=PublicAffairs |isbn=978-0-7867-4621-7 |last1=Purnick |first1=Joyce |author-link=Joyce Purnick|date=September 22, 2009 }}</ref> but he subsequently developed, and maintained, high approval ratings.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/mikebloomberg00purn |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/mikebloomberg00purn/page/119 119] |title=Mike Bloomberg: Money, Power, Politics |publisher=PublicAffairs |isbn=978-0-7867-4621-7 |last1=Purnick |first1=Joyce |date=September 22, 2009 }}</ref> Bloomberg joined [[Rudy Giuliani]], [[John Lindsay]], and [[Fiorello La Guardia]] as re-elected Republican mayors in the mostly Democratic city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2020/03/03/mike-bloomberg-upsets-critics-wealth-seek-presidency/4753489002/|title=Bloomberg upsets critics by spending wealth to seek presidency|last=Krupa|first=Gregg|website=The Detroit News|language=en|access-date=March 19, 2020}}</ref>

Bloomberg stated that he wanted [[public education]] reform to be the legacy of his first term, and addressing poverty to be the legacy of his second.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.gothamgazette.com/index.php/education/3352-the-mayors-legacy-educational-improvements-and-poverty-reduction-or-bold-budgeting-and-economic-development |title=The Mayor's Legacy: Educational Improvements and Poverty Reduction, Or Bold Budgeting and Economic Development? |work=[[Gotham Gazette]] |date=August 13, 2007 |first=Glenn |last=Pasanen |access-date=February 17, 2020 }}</ref>

[[File:P111512PS-0317 (8248707334).jpg|thumb|Bloomberg with President [[Barack Obama]] in 2012]]

Bloomberg chose to apply a statistical, metrics-based management approach to city government, and granted departmental commissioners' broad autonomy in their decision-making. Breaking with 190 years of tradition, he implemented what ''New York Times'' political reporter [[Adam Nagourney]] called a "bullpen" [[open plan|open office]] plan, similar to a [[Wall Street]] trading floor, in which dozens of aides and managerial staff are seated together in a large chamber. The design is intended to promote accountability and accessibility.<ref>{{cite news |last=Nagourney |first=Adam |date=December 25, 2001 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/25/nyregion/bloomberg-vows-to-work-at-center-of-things.html |title=Bloomberg Vows to Work at Center of Things |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 18, 2016 |url-access=limited}}</ref>

Bloomberg accepted a [[One-dollar salary|remuneration of $1 annually]], in lieu of the mayoral salary.<ref>{{cite news |first=Robert W. |last=Wood |date=April 5, 2014 |work=Forbes |access-date=February 17, 2020 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/robertwood/2014/04/05/tax-smart-billionaires-who-work-for-1/ |title=Tax-Smart Billionaires Who Work For $1 }}</ref>

[[File:Primer Foro Latinoamericano Bloomberg Auspiciando la Alianza del Pacífico. (15138698720).jpg|thumb|Bloomberg with presidents of [[Colombia]], [[Chile]], [[Peru]], and [[Mexico]] in 2014]]

As mayor, Bloomberg turned the city's $6 billion budget deficit into a $3 billion surplus, largely by raising property taxes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.capitalnewyork.com/article/politics/2012/05/5832308/bloomberg-presents-balanced-budget-moving-parts|title=Bloomberg presents a balanced budget, with moving parts|last=Rubinstein|first=Dana|date=May 3, 2012|publisher=Capital New York|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506142304/http://www.capitalnewyork.com/article/politics/2012/05/5832308/bloomberg-presents-balanced-budget-moving-parts|archive-date=May 6, 2012|access-date=November 5, 2012}}</ref> Bloomberg increased city funding for the new development of affordable housing through a plan that created and preserved an estimated 160,000 affordable homes in the city.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/city-hall/story/2015/04/the-mayors-affordable-housing-optimism-021017|title=The mayor's affordable housing optimism|work=Politico PRO|access-date=August 13, 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/428-13/mayor-bloomberg-city-will-reach-160-000-units-affordable-housing-financed-under-new#/0|title=City will reach 160,000 units of affordable housing by year's end under New Housing Marketplace Plan|date=December 21, 2013|work=The official website of the City of New York|access-date=August 13, 2018}}</ref> In 2003, he implemented a successful [[smoking ban]] in all indoor workplaces, including bars and restaurants, and many other cities and states followed suit.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Farley|first=Tom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=COtwBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT39|title=Saving Gotham: A Billionaire Mayor, Activist Doctors, and the Fight for Eight Million Lives|date=October 13, 2015|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|isbn=978-0-393-24880-7|language=en}}</ref> On December 5, 2006, New York City became the first city in the United States to [[Ban on trans-fat|ban trans-fat]] from all restaurants.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dunlap|first=David W.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/01/nyregion/blocks-capturing-the-spirit-of-1776-but-with-a-different-number.html|title=Blocks; Capturing the Spirit of 1776, but With a Different Number|date=January 1, 2004|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=July 19, 2006}}</ref> This went into effect in July 2008, and has since been adopted in many other cities and countries. Bloomberg created [[bicycle lanes]], required chain restaurants to post [[Calorie count laws|calorie counts]], and [[pedestrianized]] much of [[Times Square]]. In 2011, Bloomberg launched the NYC Young Men's Initiative, a $127 million initiative to support programs and policies designed to address disparities between young Black and Latino men and their peers, and personally donated $30 million to the project.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.org/press/releases/young-mens-initiative-to-aid-young-black-and-latino-males/|title=Young Men's Initiative to Aid Young Black and Latino Males|website=Bloomberg Philanthropies|language=en-US|access-date=April 1, 2020|archive-date=January 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127205725/https://www.bloomberg.org/press/releases/young-mens-initiative-to-aid-young-black-and-latino-males/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2010, Bloomberg supported the then-controversial [[Park51|Islamic complex near Ground Zero]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Dorothy Rabinowitz|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703545604575407160266158170|title=Liberal Piety and the Memory of 9/11; The enlightened class can't understand why the public is uneasy about the Ground Zero mosque|date=August 4, 2010|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=August 4, 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725035032/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703545604575407160266158170|archive-date=July 25, 2015}}</ref>

Under the Bloomberg Administration, the [[New York City Police Department]] greatly expanded its [[Stop-and-frisk in New York City|stop-and-frisk]] program, with a six-fold increase in documented stops.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nyclu.org/en/stop-and-frisk-data|title=Stop-and-Frisk Data|date=January 2, 2012|website=New York Civil Liberties Union|language=en|access-date=April 1, 2020}}</ref> The policy was challenged in [[U.S. Federal Court]], which ruled that the city's implementation of the policy violated citizens' rights under the [[Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fourth Amendment of the Constitution]] and encouraged racial profiling.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Devereaux|first=Ryan|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/12/stop-and-frisk-landmark-ruling|title=New York's stop-and-frisk trial comes to a close with landmark ruling|date=August 12, 2013|work=The Guardian|access-date=April 1, 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Williams|first1=Matt|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/12/new-york-stop-and-frisk-unconstitutional-judge|title=New York's stop-and-frisk policy is unconstitutional, judge rules|date=August 12, 2013|work=The Guardian|access-date=April 1, 2020|last2=Devereaux|first2=Ryan|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Bloomberg's administration appealed the ruling; however, his successor, Mayor Bill de Blasio, dropped the appeal and allowed the ruling to take effect.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Weiser|first=Benjamin|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/02/nyregion/departing-judge-offers-blunt-defense-of-ruling-that-ended-stop-and-frisk.html|title=Departing Judge Offers Blunt Defense of Ruling in Stop-and-Frisk Case|date=May 2, 2016|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 1, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> After the [[September 11 attacks]], with assistance from the Central Intelligence Agency, Bloomberg's administration oversaw a controversial program that surveilled Muslim communities on the basis of their religion, ethnicity, and language.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aclu.org/other/factsheet-nypd-muslim-surveillance-program|title=Factsheet: The NYPD Muslim Surveillance Program|website=American Civil Liberties Union|language=en|access-date=April 1, 2020}}</ref> The program was discontinued in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/08/21/justice/new-york-nypd-surveillance-no-leads/index.html|title=Surveillance unit produced no terrorism leads, NYPD says|first= David |last=Ariosto|website=CNN|date=August 22, 2012|access-date=April 1, 2020}}</ref>

In a January 2014 [[Quinnipiac University Polling Institute|Quinnipiac]] poll, 64 percent of voters called Bloomberg's 12 years as mayor "mainly a success".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://poll.qu.edu/new-york-city/release-detail?ReleaseID=1997|title=QU Poll Release Detail|website=QU Poll|publisher=[[Quinnipiac University]]|location=New Haven, Connecticut|language=en|access-date=May 7, 2018}}</ref>

== Post-mayoral political involvement ==
{{See also|Draft Bloomberg movement}}
Bloomberg was frequently mentioned as a possible [[centrist]] candidate for the presidential elections in [[2008 United States presidential election|2008]]<ref>{{cite news |last=Roberts |first=Sam |date=December 31, 2007 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/31/us/politics/31bloomberg.html |title=Bloomberg Moves Closer to Running for President |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=December 31, 2007 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author-link=David Broder |last=Broder |first=David S. |date=December 30, 2007 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/12/29/AR2007122901476.html |title=Bipartisan Group Eyes Independent Bid |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=November 13, 2016 }}</ref> and [[2012 United States presidential election|2012]], as well as for governor of New York [[2010 New York gubernatorial election|in 2010]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nypost.com/seven/11062007/news/regionalnews/mikes_secret_bid_to_run_vs__spitzer_789523.htm |first1=Frederic U. |last1=Dicker |first2=David |last2=Seifman |title=Mike's Secret Bid To Run vs. Spitzer |work=[[New York Post]] |date=November 6, 2007 }}</ref> or vice-president in 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/blogs/ben-smith/2007/06/mike-for-veep-001897 |title=Mike for Veep? |work=[[Politico]] |author=Smith, Ben |date=June 21, 2007}}</ref> He eventually declined to seek all of these offices.

In the immediate aftermath of [[Hurricane Sandy]] in November 2012, Bloomberg penned an op-ed officially endorsing [[Barack Obama]] for president, citing Obama's policies on climate change.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2012-11-01/a-vote-for-a-president-to-lead-on-climate-change |first=Michael R. |last=Bloomberg |date=November 1, 2012 |title=A Vote for a President to Lead on Climate Change |work=Bloomberg |access-date=November 1, 2012 }}</ref><ref name=bloomswitch>{{cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Raymond |title=Bloomberg Backs Obama, Citing Fallout From Storm |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/02/nyregion/bloomberg-endorses-obama-saying-hurricane-sandy-affected-decision.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=November 3, 2012 |url-access=limited |date=November 1, 2012 |quote=he had decided over the past several days that Mr. Obama was the better candidate to tackle the global climate change that he believes might have contributed to the violent storm}}</ref>

=== 2016 elections ===
[[File:Michael Bloomberg 2016 DNC CoanJrKWgAQo2be.jpg|thumb|right|Bloomberg speaking at the [[2016 Democratic National Convention]]]]

On January 23, 2016, it was reported that Bloomberg was again considering a presidential run, as an independent candidate in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 election]], if [[Bernie Sanders]] got the Democratic party nomination.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/24/nyregion/bloomberg-sensing-an-opening-revisits-a-potential-white-house-run.html|title=Bloomberg, Sensing an Opening, Revisits a Potential White House Run|first1=Alexander|last1=Burns|first2=Maggie|last2=Haberman|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2016/01/bernie-sanders-may-inspire-michael-bloomberg-to-run-for-president|title=Michael Bloomberg May Enter The Presidential Race|first=Rachel|last=Handler|magazine=Vanity Fair|date=January 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://morningconsult.com/2016/01/24/poll-bloomberg-vs-sanders-vs-trump/|title=Poll: Bloomberg vs. Sanders vs. Trump|work=Morning Consult |date=January 25, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/michael-bloomberg-mulling-run-for-president-as-an-independent-1453568255 |title=Michael Bloomberg Mulling Run for President as Independent |author=Mara Gay |date=January 24, 2016 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Michael Bloomberg mulls presidential run on heels of Trump surge |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jan/23/michael-bloomberg-considers-third-party-presidential-bid |newspaper=The Guardian |date=January 23, 2016 |access-date=January 24, 2016 |issn=0261-3077 |first=Edward |last=Helmore}}</ref> This was the first time he had officially confirmed he was considering a run.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bloomberg: I'm considering 2016 bid |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/02/08/politics/michael-bloomberg-2016-election/ |newspaper=CNN |date=February 8, 2016 |access-date=February 9, 2016 |first=Dylan |last=Byers}}</ref> Bloomberg supporters believed that Bloomberg could run as a centrist and capture many voters who were dissatisfied with the likely Democratic and Republican nominees.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/united-states/2016/02/18/michael-bloombergs-moment |title=Michael Bloomberg's Moment |newspaper=The Economist |date=February 20, 2016 |access-date=February 19, 2020 }}</ref> However, on March 7, Bloomberg announced he would not be running for president.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2016-03-07/the-2016-election-risk-that-michael-bloomberg-won-t-take |access-date=February 19, 2020 |title=The Risk I Will Not Take |first=Michael R. |last=Bloomberg |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=March 7, 2016 |publisher=Bloomberg View}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/08/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-not-running-for-president.html |title=Michael Bloomberg Will Not Enter Presidential Race |last1=Haberman |first1=Maggie |date=March 7, 2016 |last2=Burns |first2=Alexander |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=March 7, 2016 |url-access=limited}}</ref>

In July 2016, Bloomberg delivered a speech at the [[2016 Democratic National Convention]] in which he called Hillary Clinton "the right choice".<ref name=":4">{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2016-07-28/the-independent-s-case-for-clinton |title=The Independent's Case for Clinton |last=Bloomberg |first=Michael R. |date=July 27, 2016 |work=Bloomberg.com |access-date=July 26, 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="bloom4hillary">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/25/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-hillary-clinton-dnc.html |title=Dismayed by Donald Trump, Michael Bloomberg Will Endorse Hillary Clinton |last=Burns |first=Alexander |date=July 24, 2016 |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=July 27, 2016 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="vox_prokopday3">{{cite news |last1=Prokop |first1=Andrew |title=How to watch the Democratic convention 2016: DNC live stream, TV channel, and schedule of events |url=https://www.vox.com/2016/7/25/12268364/watch-dnc-democratic-convention-2016-live-stream-tv-channel-schedule-events |access-date=July 27, 2016 |publisher=Vox |date=July 27, 2016}}</ref> Bloomberg warned of the dangers a Donald Trump presidency would pose. He said Trump "wants you to believe that we can solve our biggest problems by deporting Mexicans and shutting out Muslims. He wants you to believe that erecting trade barriers will bring back good jobs. He's wrong on both counts." Bloomberg also said Trump's economic plans "would make it harder for small businesses to compete", and would "erode our influence in the world". Trump responded to the speech by condemning Bloomberg in a series of tweets.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{cite news |first=Andrew |last=Prokop |url=https://www.vox.com/2016/7/29/12324696/donald-trump-michael-bloomberg-dnc |title=Michael Bloomberg's DNC speech really got under Trump's skin |date=July 29, 2016 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |access-date=July 31, 2016}}</ref>

=== 2018 elections ===
In June 2018, Bloomberg pledged $80 million to support Democratic congressional candidates in the [[United States House of Representatives election, 2018|2018 election]], with the goal of flipping control of the Republican-controlled House to Democrats. In a statement, Bloomberg said that Republican House leadership were "absolutely feckless" and had failed to govern responsibly. Bloomberg advisor [[Howard Wolfson]] was chosen to lead the effort, which was to target mainly suburban districts.<ref>{{cite news |first=Alexander |last=Burns |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/20/us/politics/mike-bloomberg-democrats-election.html |access-date=February 19, 2020 |title=Michael Bloomberg Will Spend $80 Million on the Midterms. His Goal: Flip the House for the Democrats |newspaper=The New York Times |date=June 20, 2018 |url-access=limited}}</ref> By early October, Bloomberg had committed more than $100 million to returning the House and Senate to Democratic power, fueling speculation about a presidential run in [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.axios.com/2018-midterm-elections-michael-bloomberg-house-democrats-88857edd-928a-483f-90ff-0472d8b766e9.html |title=Scoop: Michael Bloomberg becomes House Dems' $100 million man |last=Allen |first=Mike |date=September 27, 2018 |website=Axios |language=en |access-date=October 10, 2018}}</ref> On October 10, 2018, Bloomberg announced that he had returned to the Democratic Party.<ref>{{cite news |date=October 10, 2018 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/10/politics/michael-bloomberg-registers-as-a-democrat/index.html |title=Bloomberg re-registers as a Democrat, saying the party must provide 'checks and balances' |first=Devan |last=Cole |work=CNN |access-date=October 10, 2018}}</ref>

=== 2020 presidential campaign ===
{{Main|Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign}}

[[File:Mike Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign logo.svg|thumb|right|upright=0.9|Bloomberg's [[Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign|2020 presidential campaign]] logo]]
[[File:Michael Bloomberg (49474988353).jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.9|Bloomberg at a campaign rally in [[Phoenix, Arizona]], in February 2020]]
On March 5, 2019, Bloomberg announced that he would not run for president in 2020. Instead, he encouraged the Democratic Party to "nominate a Democrat who will be in the strongest position to defeat [[Donald Trump]]."<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Associated Press]] |first=Steve |last=Peoples |title=Ex-NYC Mayor Bloomberg won't run for president in 2020 |url=https://www.apnews.com/8a5d3aebc5bb4e4e97d301e119cd95a2 |date=March 5, 2019 |access-date=March 5, 2019}}</ref> However, due to his dissatisfaction with the Democratic field, Bloomberg reconsidered. He officially launched his campaign for the 2020 Democratic nomination on November 24, 2019.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/24/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-2020-presidency.html |title=Michael Bloomberg Joins 2020 Democratic Field for President |last=Burns |first=Alexander |date=November 24, 2019 |work=The New York Times |access-date=November 24, 2019 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}}</ref>

Bloomberg self-funded his campaign from his personal fortune and did not accept campaign contributions.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/nov/23/michael-bloomberg-refuse-donations-presidential-bid|title=Michael Bloomberg vows to refuse donations as presidential bid looms|date=November 23, 2019| agency=Associated Press| work=The Guardian|access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref>

Bloomberg's campaign suffered from his lackluster performance in two televised debates.<ref name=EndCostlyBid>Patricia Mazzei, Rebecca R. Ruiz & Jeremy W. Peters, [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/04/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-drops-out.html Michael Bloomberg Quits Democratic Race, Ending a Brief and Costly Bid], ''New York Times'' (March 4, 2020).</ref> When Bloomberg participated in his first presidential debate, Senator [[Elizabeth Warren]] challenged him to release women from non-disclosure agreements relating to their [[Bloomberg L.P.#Controversies|allegations of sexual harassment at Bloomberg L.P.]] Two days later, Bloomberg announced that there were three women who had made complaints concerning him, and added that he would release any of the three if they requested.<ref>{{Cite news| last1=Corasaniti|first1=Nick|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/21/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-nda.html| title=Bloomberg, in Reversal, Says He'll Release 3 Women From Nondisclosure Agreements| date=February 21, 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 22, 2020|last2=Grynbaum| first2=Michael M.|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bloomberg offers to release women from three confidentiality agreements |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/21/politics/michael-bloomberg-nondisclosure-release/index.html |date=February 21, 2020}}</ref> Warren continued her attack in the second debate the next week. Others criticized Bloomberg for his wealth and campaign spending,<ref name="Feb 25 debate">{{cite news |title=Bloomberg improves from his last debate – but is it enough? |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/bloomberg-improves-from-his-last-debate--but-is-it-enough/2020/02/25/ec87f7ba-57ef-11ea-9b35-def5a027d470_story.html |access-date=February 29, 2020 |issue=February 26, 2020 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="debate 2 carville">{{cite news |title=Carville on Debate: "Warren Gives The Impression That She'd Rather Beat Bloomberg Than Win Herself" |url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2020/02/25/carville_on_debate_warren_gives_the_impression_that_shed_rather_beat_bloomberg_than_win_herself.html |date=February 25, 2020}}</ref> as well as his former affiliation with the Republican Party.<ref name=EndCostlyBid />

As a late entrant to the race, Bloomberg skipped the first four state primaries and caucuses.<ref name=Mehta>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2020-03-04/michael-bloomberg-quits-presidential-race|title=Michael Bloomberg drops out of the presidential race and endorses Joe Biden|author=Seema Mehta|newspaper=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> He spent over $1 billion of his personal fortune on the primary campaign, more than all other Democratic candidates combined at that stage.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Siegel |first1=Benjamin |last2=Kim |first2=Soo Rin |date=2020-04-21 |title=Mike Bloomberg spent more than $1 billion on four-month presidential campaign according to filing |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/mike-bloomberg-spent-billion-month-presidential-campaign-filing/story?id=70252435 |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref> Bloomberg said he wanted to spent so much money as an "investment" into removing or at least trying to unseat President Trump from the White House.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mike-bloomberg-2020-democratic-presidential-candidate-60-minutes-2020-03-01/| title=Mike Bloomberg tells 60 Minutes why he should be president|author=Pelley, Scott| date=March 1, 2020|access-date=March 4, 2020|work=CBS News}}</ref> His campaign blanketed the country with campaign advertisements on broadcast and cable television, the Internet, and radio,<ref>{{cite news| author=Jessica Taylor|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/01/17/797048821/new-figures-show-billionaire-candidates-spending-big-with-little-return|title=New Figures Show Billionaire Candidates Spending Big, With Little Return|newspaper=[[NPR]]|date=January 17, 2020}}</ref> as well as [[direct mail]].<ref name=EndCostlyBid /> Bloomberg also spent heavily on campaign operations that grew to 200 field offices and more than 2,400 paid campaign staffers.<ref name=EndCostlyBid /> His support in [[Nationwide opinion polling for the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries|nationwide opinion polls]] never exceeded 15 percent, but stagnated or dropped before [[Super Tuesday]],<ref>Yelena Dzhanova, [https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/26/mike-bloomberg-stalls-in-presidential-polls-ahead-of-super-tuesday-vote.html Mike Bloomberg's momentum stalls in presidential polls ahead of Super Tuesday vote], CNBC (February 26, 2020).</ref> while former vice president [[Joe Biden]] became the frontrunner after receiving the support of major candidates [[Pete Buttigieg]] and [[Amy Klobuchar]]. Bloomberg suspended his campaign on March 4, 2020, after a disappointing Super Tuesday in which he [[2020 United States presidential caucuses in American Samoa|won only American Samoa]].<ref name="Mehta" /> Multiple former campaign staffers sued Bloomberg alleging that he promised his employees to be paid through the election but they were fired instead after the candidate dropped out.<ref name="politico.com">{{Cite web |date=2020-03-23 |title=Bloomberg sued by aides for stiffing them on yearlong pay promise |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/03/23/mike-bloomberg-aides-pay-lawsuits-144185 |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=POLITICO |language=en}}</ref> Five years later, a Massachusetts man working for his campaign won $90,000 in back pay plus interest.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Epstein |first=Reid J. |date=2025-05-23 |title=Bloomberg Will Have to Pay Up for a Broken Promise to His 2020 Staff |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/23/us/politics/bloomberg-2020-staff-pay-lawsuit.html |access-date=2025-11-11 |work=The New York Times |language=en}}</ref>

After dropping out from the presidential race, Bloomberg endorsed Biden.<ref name="Mehta" /><ref name="EndCostlyBid" /> Bloomberg donated $18 million to the Democratic National Committee and publicly planned a "massive spending blitz" to support Biden's campaign.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schwartz |first=Brian |date=May 15, 2020 |title=Mike Bloomberg plots spending blitz to support Joe Biden's run for president |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/15/mike-bloomberg-plots-spending-blitz-to-back-joe-biden-campaign.html |access-date=July 24, 2020 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> Speaking on the final night of the [[2020 Democratic National Convention]], Bloomberg took aim at Trump's handling of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] and the American economy: "Would you rehire or work for someone who ran your business into the ground? Who always does what's best for him or her, even when it hurts the company, and whose reckless decisions put you in danger, and who spends more time [[tweeting]] than working? If the answer is no, why the hell would we ever rehire Donald Trump for another four years?"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Villarreal |first=Daniel |date=August 20, 2020 |title=Mike Bloomberg trashes Donald Trump's business record in fiery DNC speech |url=https://www.newsweek.com/mike-bloomberg-trashes-donald-trumps-business-record-fiery-dnc-speech-1526608 |access-date=September 8, 2020 |website=Newsweek |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=August 21, 2020 |title=Don't Rehire a Failed President |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2020-08-21/michael-bloomberg-dnc-speech-why-i-m-voting-for-joe-biden |access-date=September 8, 2020 |work=Bloomberg.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Thrush |first=Glenn |date=August 28, 2020 |title=Joe Biden Pledges to 'Overcome This Season of Darkness' as the D.N.C. Ends |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2020/08/20/us/dnc-convention-election |access-date=September 8, 2020 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>[[File:Michael Bloomberg Sworn In as Defense Innovation Board Chair 220622-D-D0439-101.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.9|Bloomberg is sworn in as chair of the Defense Innovation Board in June 2022.]]

=== Defense Innovation Board ===
In February 2022, Bloomberg was nominated to chair the [[Defense Innovation Board]], being sworn in on June 22, 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.war.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/2929557/dod-announces-chair-for-the-defense-innovation-board/|title=DOD Announces Chair for the Defense Innovation Board|date=February 9, 2022|access-date=February 15, 2022|website=[[U.S. Department of Defense]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Conte|first=Michael|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/02/09/politics/bloomberg-nominated-defense-innovation-board/index.html|title=Pentagon nominates Michael Bloomberg to lead Defense Innovation Board|date=February 9, 2022|access-date=February 15, 2022|website=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.war.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/3070020/michael-bloomberg-sworn-in-as-defense-innovation-board-chair/|title=Michael Bloomberg Sworn In as Defense Innovation Board Chair|date=June 22, 2022|access-date=September 10, 2022|website=[[U.S. Department of Defense]]}}</ref>

== Political positions ==
{{Main|Political positions of Michael Bloomberg}}

[[File:Michael Bloomberg speech cropped (2).jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.7|Bloomberg delivering a speech in 2004]]

Bloomberg was a [[Democratic Party of the United States|Democrat]] until 2001, when he switched to the [[Republican Party of the United States|Republican Party]] to run for mayor. He switched to an [[Independent politician|independent]] in 2007, and registered again as a Democrat in October 2018.<ref name="Vox1">{{cite web |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/11/8/18221878/michael-bloomberg-2020-president-campaign-democrat-policies |title=Michael Bloomberg's 2020 presidential campaign and policy positions, explained |last=Stewart |first=Emily |work=Vox |date=November 25, 2019 |access-date=February 15, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/10/10/17959224/michael-bloomberg-democrat-republican-2020-donald-trump |title=Michael Bloomberg is a Democrat again, fueling speculation about 2020 aspirations |last=Stewart |first=Emily |work=Vox |date=October 10, 2018 |access-date=February 15, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Michael-Bloomberg|title=Michael Bloomberg {{!}} Biography, Business, Mayorship, & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=February 28, 2020}}</ref> In 2004, he endorsed the re-election of [[George W. Bush]], and spoke at the [[2004 Republican National Convention]]. He endorsed [[Barack Obama]]'s re-election in 2012, endorsed [[Hillary Clinton]] in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 election]], and spoke at the [[2016 Democratic National Convention]].<ref name=politico1>{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2019/11/26/bloomberg-republican-endorsement-2020-073807 |title=Mike Bloomberg to donate $10 million to House Democrats targeted by GOP |last=Otterbein |first=Holly |work=Politico |date=November 26, 2019 |access-date=February 15, 2020}}</ref> In 2008, he did not make a presidential election endorsement, but he voted for Obama, according to a 2020 statement by "Stu Loeser, a Bloomberg [2020] campaign spokesman".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Valverde |first1=Miriam |title=Mike Bloomberg exaggerates his support for Obama in 2008, 2012 |url=https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/mar/03/michael-bloomberg/mike-bloomberg-exaggerates-his-support-obama-2008-/ |website=PolitiFact |publisher=The Poynter Institute |access-date=30 September 2024 |date=3 March 2020}}</ref>

As Mayor of New York, Bloomberg supported government initiatives in public health and welfare.<ref name="businessinsider" /><ref name=ukspeech>{{cite web |url=https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/348-07/mayor-bloomberg-delivers-remarks-2007-conservative-party-conference |title=Mayor Bloomberg Delivers Remarks at 2007 Conservative Party Conference |last=Bloomberg |first=Michael |website=nyc.gov |date=September 30, 2007 |access-date=February 18, 2020 |archive-date=February 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218104641/https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/348-07/mayor-bloomberg-delivers-remarks-2007-conservative-party-conference }}</ref><ref name=Luhby>Tami Luhby, [https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/25/politics/bloomberg-smoking-calorie-counts-trans-fat/index.html Three Bloomberg policies all of America now lives with], CNN (February 25, 2020).</ref> This included [[tobacco control]] efforts (including an increase in the legal age to purchase tobacco products, a ban on smoking in indoor workplaces, and an increase in the cigarette tax);<ref name=Luhby /><ref>{{Cite web |work=tobaccofreekids.org |url=https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/blog/2013_11_19_bloomberg1 |title = Mayor Bloomberg Signs Landmark Bills to Further Reduce Smoking in New York City|date = November 20, 2013}}</ref> the elimination of the use of artificial [[trans fats]] in restaurants;<ref name=Luhby /> and bans on all flavored tobacco and e-cigarette products including menthol flavors.<ref>{{Cite web |work=New York Daily News |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/ny-mike-bloomberg-ecigs-cigarettes-vaping-20200115-5awd5ivmejg5tgbvpm4ujcpxnu-story.html |title = Bloomberg calls for nationwide crackdown on e-cigs|date=January 15, 2020 }}</ref> Bloomberg also launched an unsuccessful effort to [[Sugary drinks portion cap rule|ban on certain large (more than 16 fluid ounce) sugary sodas]] at restaurants and food service establishments in the city.<ref name=Luhby /> These initiatives were supported by public health advocates,<ref name=Luhby /><ref name=Badger>{{Cite news |first=Emily |last=Badger |date=October 31, 2013 |url=https://www.citylab.com/equity/2013/10/radical-case-bloombergs-nanny-state/7434/ |work=[[Citylab]] |title = The Radical Case for Bloomberg's "Nanny" State}}</ref> but were criticized by some as "[[nanny state]]" policies.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Frank |last=James |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2012/05/31/154063100/bloomberg-becomes-for-some-a-nanny-state-symbol-giving-obama-a-breather |title=Bloomberg Becomes Nanny-State Epitome for Some, Giving Obama a Breather |work=NPR |date=May 31, 2012 }}</ref>

Over his career, Bloomberg has "mingled support for progressive causes with more conservative positions on law enforcement, business regulation, and [[school choice]]".<ref name=EmpireInfluence>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/02/15/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-spending.html|newspaper=The New York Times|title=Bloomberg's Billions: How the Candidate Built an Empire of Influence|first1=Alexander|last1=Burns|first2=Nicholas|last2=Kulish|date=February 15, 2020|url-access=limited}}</ref> Bloomberg supports gun-control measures, abortion rights, same-sex marriage, and a pathway to citizenship for illegal immigrants.<ref name="businessinsider">{{cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/who-is-michael-bloomberg-bio-age-family-and-key-positions-2019-11 |title=Michael Bloomberg is running for president in 2020. Here's everything we know about the candidate and how he stacks up against the competition. |last=Relman |first=Eliza |work=Business Insider |date=February 11, 2020 |access-date=February 15, 2020}}</ref> He advocates for a [[public health insurance option]] that he has called "Medicare for all for people that are uncovered", rather than a universal [[single-payer healthcare]] system.<ref name="businessinsider" /> He is concerned about [[climate change]], and has touted his mayoral efforts to reduce [[greenhouse gases]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/michael-bloomberg-talks-climate-change-article-1.2511688 |title=Michael Bloomberg talks climate change with UN |first=Jennifer |last=Fermino |date=January 27, 2016 |work=NY Daily News}}</ref> Bloomberg supported the [[Iraq War]], and opposed creating a timeline for withdrawing troops.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.city-journal.org/bloomberg-foreign-policy-presidential-run |title=The Mayor and the World |last=Miller |first=Judith |author-link=Judith Miller |work=[[City Journal]] |date=November 11, 2019 |access-date=February 15, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Manchester |first1=Julia |title=Bloomberg on backing 2003 invasion of Iraq: "I don't live in a regret world" |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/477144-bloomberg-on-backing-2003-invasion-of-iraq-i-dont-live-in-a-regret-world |website=The Hill |access-date=February 18, 2020|date=January 7, 2020 }}</ref> Bloomberg has sometimes embraced the use of [[surveillance]] in efforts to deter crime and protect the public against terrorism.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-newyork-surveillance/bloomberg-defends-city-surveillance-camera-plan-idUSN0243142020071002 |title=Bloomberg defends city surveillance camera plan |author=Honan, Edith |work=Reuters |date=October 2, 2007 |access-date=February 15, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://observer.com/2013/04/bloomberg-says-post-boston-interpretation-of-the-constitution-will-have-to-change/ |title=Bloomberg Says Interpretation of Constitution Will "Have to Change" After Boston Bombing |last=Colvin |first=Jill |work=Observer |date=April 22, 2013 |access-date=February 16, 2020}}</ref>

During, and after,<ref name=mcharris /> his tenure, he was a staunch supporter of [[Stop-and-frisk in New York City|stop-and-frisk]]. In November 2019, Bloomberg apologized for supporting it.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Goldmacher |first1=Shane |title=Michael Bloomberg Pushed "Stop-and-Frisk" Policing. Now He's Apologizing. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/17/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-speech.html |work=The New York Times |date=November 17, 2019 |access-date=February 18, 2020 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.democracynow.org/2020/2/12/michael_bloomberg_aspen_2015_unearthed_audio |work=[[Democracy Now!]] |date=February 12, 2020 |first=Amy |last=Goodman |author-link=Amy Goodman |title = Meet the Journalist Who Exposed Bloomberg's Racist Defense of Targeting Black & Brown Youth}}</ref><ref name=mcharris>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2020/02/16/should-mike-bloombergs-stop-and-frisk-record-disqualify-him/ |title=Should Mike Bloomberg's stop-and-frisk record disqualify him? |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=February 16, 2020 |first=Philip V. |last=McHarris |access-date=February 18, 2020 }}</ref> He advocates reversing many of the [[Trump tax cuts]]. His own tax plan includes implementing a 5 percent surtax on incomes above $5 million a year, and would raise federal revenue by $5 trillion over a decade. He opposes a [[wealth tax]], saying that it would likely be found unconstitutional.<ref name="tax plan 2020">{{cite news |title=Bloomberg Proposes $5 Trillion in Taxes on the Rich and Corporations |first1=Jim |last1=Tankersley |first2=Alexander |last2=Burns |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/01/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-tax-plan.html |access-date=February 16, 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=February 1, 2020 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Hirsch |first=Lauren |title="I will pay more": Bloomberg unveils $5 trillion tax plan targeting the wealthy and corporations |date=February 1, 2020 |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/01/billionaire-mike-bloomberg-calls-for-tax-on-incomes-over-5-million.html |website=CNBC |access-date=February 16, 2020}}</ref> He has also proposed more stringent financial regulations that include tougher oversight for big banks, a [[financial transactions tax]], and stronger consumer protections.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Merle |first1=Renae |title=Bloomberg's new plan to crack down on Wall Street includes financial transactions tax |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/02/18/bloombergs-new-plan-crack-down-wall-street-includes-financial-transactions-tax/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=February 18, 2020 |date=February 18, 2020}}</ref> He supported decreasing estate-tax threshold to collect more estate taxes and close tax avoidance schemes. According to [[ProPublica]] investigation, he set up multiple [[Grantor retained annuity trust|GRATs]], thus shielding parts of his fortune for his heirs.<ref>{{cite web |title=More Than Half of America's 100 Richest People Exploit Special Trusts to Avoid Estate Taxes |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/more-than-half-of-americas-100-richest-people-exploit-special-trusts-to-avoid-estate-taxes |website=ProPublica |date=September 28, 2021 |access-date=1 October 2021}}</ref>

Bloomberg stated that running as a Democrat{{snd}}not an independent{{snd}}was the only path he saw to defeating [[Donald Trump]], saying: "In 2020, the great likelihood is that an independent would just split the anti-Trump vote and end up re-electing the President. That's a risk I refused to run in 2016, and we can't afford to run it now."<ref name="Vox1" />

In the [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 general election]], Bloomberg invested $115 million in [[Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign|Joe Biden's campaign]] in key states like [[Florida]], [[Ohio]], and [[Texas]], contributed millions to various Democrats in local races, and raised over $16 million to clear court fines for nearly 32,000 Black and Hispanic Florida voters with felony convictions.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.businessinsider.com/bloomberg-spent-1-billion-ads-races-losses-2020-11 | title=Michael Bloomberg spent $1 billion this election cycle and is coming away with huge losses | website=[[Business Insider]] |last=Dzhanova |first=Yelena |date=November 4, 2020 |access-date=December 29, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/mike-bloomberg-raises-16-million-to-allow-former-felons-to-vote-in-florida/2020/09/21/6dda787e-fc5a-11ea-8d05-9beaaa91c71f_story.html |title=Mike Bloomberg raises $16 million to allow former felons to vote in Florida |newspaper=The Washington Post |last=Scherer |first=Michael |date=September 22, 2020 |access-date=December 29, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/517522-bloomberg-pays-fines-for-32000-felons-in-florida-so-they-can-vote/ | title=Bloomberg pays fines for 32,000 felons in Florida, so they can vote |work=The Hill |last=Mastrangelo |first=Dominick | date=September 22, 2020 |access-date=December 29, 2023}}</ref> Bloomberg contributed $19 million to a pro-Biden super PAC in support of [[Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign|Biden's reelection]] in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Scherer |first1=Michael |last2=Pager |first2=Tyler |date=June 20, 2024 |title=Mike Bloomberg gives $20 million to help Biden beat Trump |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/06/20/mike-bloomberg-biden-20-million-donation-trump/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=June 20, 2024}}</ref> In October 2024, Bloomberg contributed $50 million to support [[Kamala Harris|Kamala Harris's]] [[Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign|2024 election campaign]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Schleifer |first1=Theodore |title=Bloomberg, After Months of Pressure, Donates $50 Million to Help Harris |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/28/us/elections/michael-bloomberg-presidential-race-donations.html |access-date=29 October 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=28 October 2024}}</ref>

== Philanthropy ==
{{Main|Bloomberg Philanthropies}}

{{See also|Everytown for Gun Safety}}

In August 2010, Bloomberg signed [[The Giving Pledge]], whereby the wealthy pledge to give away at least half of their wealth. In his lifetime, he has given away $17.4 billion overall including $3 billion in 2023, when he was America's highest giving philanthropist, according to Chronicle of Philanthropy.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last1=Di Mento |first1=Maria |last2=Rendon |first2=Jim |date=5 March 2024 |title=Michael Bloomberg Tops the List of America's Biggest Donors in 2023 |url=https://www.philanthropy.com/article/michael-bloomberg-tops-the-list-of-americas-biggest-donors-in-2023 |access-date=29 April 2024 |work=The Chronicle of Philanthropy}}</ref> He has been in the top ten on the publication's list of America's biggest donors since 2004.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Di Mento|first1=Maria|last2=Rendon|first2=Jim|date=February 11, 2020|title=Michael Bloomberg Tops Philanthropy 50 as Records for Billion-Dollar Giving Are Set|work=The Chronicle of Philanthropy|url=https://www.philanthropy.com/article/Michael-Bloomberg-Tops/248009|access-date=July 24, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704017904575409713589040490 |title=Mayor Pledges Wealth |last=Banjo |first=Shelly |date=August 5, 2010 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=April 22, 2017 |issn=0099-9660 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Di Mento |first=Maria |date=5 March 2024 |title=Philanthropy 50 |url=https://www.philanthropy.com/article/the-philanthropy-50/?sra=true#id=details_335_2023 |access-date=29 April 2024 |work=The Chronicle of Philanthropy}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

His [[Bloomberg Philanthropies]] foundation focuses on public health, the arts, government innovation, the environment, and education.<ref>{{cite news |first=Sridhar |last=Pappu |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/1769004/whats-next-michael-bloomberg |title=What's Next For Michael Bloomberg |work=[[Fast Company]] |date=August 8, 2011 |access-date=February 18, 2020 }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Conservative Billionaire Richard Scaife Tops List of 50 Biggest Donors |url=https://www.philanthropy.com/article/Conservative-Billionaire/235234 |first1=Maria |last1=Di Mento |first2=Drew |last2=Lindsay |website=The Chronicle of Philanthropy |access-date=February 11, 2016 |date=February 9, 2016 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> Through the foundation, he donated or pledged $767 million in 2018,<ref>{{Cite web|title=2019 Annual Report {{!}} Bloomberg Philanthropies|url=https://annualreport.bloomberg.org/|access-date=July 24, 2020|website=2019 Annual Report|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite web |first=Maria |last=Di Mento |url=http://philanthropy.com/article/No-5-Michael-R-Bloomberg/130550 |title=No. 5: Michael R. Bloomberg |work=The Chronicle of Philanthropy |date=February 6, 2012 }}</ref> and more than $1 billion in 2019.<ref>Maria Di Mento & Jim Rendon, [https://www.philanthropy.com/article/in-a-year-of-record-breaking-giving-bloomberg-tops-philanthropy-50-rankings/ In a Year of Record-Breaking Giving, Bloomberg Tops Philanthropy 50 Rankings], ''Chronicle of Philanthropy'' (February 11, 2020).</ref>

In 2011, recipients included the [[Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids]]; [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]; [[Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health]]; [[World Lung Foundation]] and the [[World Health Organization]]. According to ''The New York Times'', Bloomberg was an "anonymous donor" to the [[Carnegie Corporation]] from 2001 to 2010, with gifts ranging from $5 million to $20 million each year.<ref>{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Barbaro |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/19/nyregion/19bloomberg.html |title=Bloomberg Is Quietly Ending a Charitable Program |newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 18, 2010 |access-date=February 18, 2020 }}</ref> The [[Carnegie Corporation]] distributed these contributions to hundreds of New York City organizations ranging from the [[Dance Theatre of Harlem]] to [[Gilda's Club]], a non-profit organization that provides support to people and families living with cancer. He continues to support the arts through his foundation.<ref>{{cite news |first=Kate |last=Taylor |url=https://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/02/15/bloomberg-family-foundation-to-support-arts |title=Bloomberg Family Foundation to Support Arts |newspaper=The New York Times |date=February 15, 2011 |access-date=February 18, 2020 |url-access=limited}}</ref>

Bloomberg gave $254 million in 2009 to almost 1,400 nonprofit organizations,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lisberg |first1=Adam |title=Mayor Bloomberg rivals Gates for charity gifts: Donated $254M in 2009 |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/mayor-bloomberg-rivals-gates-charity-gifts-donated-254m-2009-article-1.196111 |work=Daily News |date=February 8, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327002648/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/mayor-bloomberg-rivals-gates-charity-gifts-donated-254m-2009-article-1.196111 |archive-date=March 27, 2018 |location=New York City Hall |oclc=9541172 | issn=2692-1251}}</ref> saying, "I am a big believer in giving it all away and have always said that the best financial planning ends with bouncing the check to the undertaker."<ref>{{cite web |title=Micahel Bloomberg Wall Street data pioneer and x-NYC Mayor |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2014/04/29/25-michael-bloomberg.html |website=CNBC25 Rebels, Icons and Leaders |date=April 29, 2014 |publisher=NBCUniversal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122064839/https://www.cnbc.com/2014/04/29/25-michael-bloomberg.html |archive-date=November 22, 2015 |format=Slide show}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-06-17/broad-commits-75-of-wealth-to-charity-takes-buffett-up-on-giving-pledge.html |work=Bloomberg |title=Broad, Bloomberg Back Buffett Call for Billionaire Donations |first=Dakin |last=Campbell |date=June 17, 2010}}</ref>

=== COVID-19 response ===
During the 2020 [[COVID-19 pandemic]] and its aftermath, Bloomberg through his foundation committed to a wide range of urgent causes including researching treatments and vaccines, leading contact tracing to root out the virus, supporting the World Health Organization, and funding global efforts to fight the spread of the disease and protect vulnerable populations. Action included:

* Cofounding a $75 million fund for nonprofits impacted by COVID-19 in New York City<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cuccinello|first=Hayley C.|title=Michael Bloomberg, Jon Stryker Donate To $75 Million COVID-19 Fund For New York City Nonprofits|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/hayleycuccinello/2020/03/20/michael-bloomberg-jon-stryker-donate-to-75-million-covid-19-fund-for-new-york-city-nonprofits/|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref>
* Donating $6 million to [[World Central Kitchen]] to serve meals to health care workers in New York City<ref>{{Cite web|last=Di Mento|first=Maria|date=April 20, 2020|title=Michael Bloomberg Gives $6 Million to World Central Kitchen|url=https://www.philanthropy.com/article/Michael-Bloomberg-Gives-6/248563|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=www.philanthropy.com}}</ref>
* Partnering with Johns Hopkins University to train COVID-19 contact tracers through its school of public health and search for a treatment of the virus.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Eichensehr|first=Morgan|date=May 13, 2020|title=Johns Hopkins launches free course to train Covid-19 contact tracers worldwide|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/news/2020/05/13/hopkins-launches-free-course-on-conact-tracing.html|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=Baltimore Business Journal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Watson|first=Tiffany|date=March 27, 2020|title=Bloomberg Philanthropies, State of Maryland fund Johns Hopkins Univ. COVID-19 research|url=https://foxbaltimore.com/news/local/bloomberg-philanthropies-state-of-maryland-fund-johns-hopkins-univ-covid-19-research|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=WBFF}}</ref>
* Convening mayors through a partnership with Harvard College to learn and discuss their pandemic response, featuring a bipartisan roster of speakers and attendees.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hart|first=Kim|title=Michael Bloomberg's coronavirus pivot|url=https://www.axios.com/michael-bloomberg-coronavirus-fb905125-e16b-42cd-a51b-a5ed9f3c9cea.html|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=Axios|date=May 14, 2020|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Toussaint|first=Kristin|date=March 10, 2020|title=Bloomberg, Gates foundations announce initiatives to help coronavirus response|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90475264/bloomberg-gates-foundations-announce-initiatives-to-help-coronavirus-response|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=Fast Company|language=en-US}}</ref>
* Leading New York's contact tracing effort<ref>{{Cite news|last=Young|first=Shannon|title=Cuomo, Bloomberg detail plan to trace Covid-19 contacts|url=https://politi.co/2xjEOj8|access-date=July 22, 2020|newspaper=Politico|language=en}}</ref>
* Launching an information and action sharing network for cities through the [[National League of Cities]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hart|first=Kim|title=Bloomberg launches coronavirus response network for mayors|url=https://www.axios.com/bloomberg-coronavirus-response-network-mayors-c4cbc603-81f5-4334-8c45-da4813fbb0c2.html|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=Axios|date=March 10, 2020|language=en}}</ref>
* Supporting international efforts to combat the spread of COVID-19 and prepare regional leaders through the [[International Rescue Committee]], the [[World Health Organization]], Vital Strategies and other partners<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lee|first=Bruce Y.|title='One World: Together At Home' Concert: Stars Support COVID-19 Coronavirus Efforts|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2020/04/19/one-world-together-at-home-concert-stars-support-covid-19-coronavirus-efforts/|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Prest|first=M.J.|date=April 28, 2020|title=New Grant Commitments for Covid-19 Relief|url=https://www.philanthropy.com/article/New-Grant-Commitments-for/248647|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=www.philanthropy.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bloomberg Philanthropies unveils $40M global initiative for COVID-19 response|url=https://www.smartcitiesdive.com/news/bloomberg-philanthropies-40m-global-initiative-coronavirus-africa-local-leaders/574289/|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=Smart Cities Dive|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Environmental advocacy ===
Bloomberg is an environmentalist and has advocated policy to fight climate change at least since he became the mayor of New York City. Between 2015 and 2025, Bloomberg pledged over $3 billion to environmental efforts and policies.<ref>{{cite news|last=Giannotti|first=Livia|title=Experts highlight climate philanthropy as ‘strategic’ as Michael Bloomberg environmental giving reaches $3bn|url=https://spearswms.com/impact-philanthropy/climate-philanthropy-strategic-michael-bloomberg/|date=28 January 2026|website=Spear's Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Mooney|first=Attracta|title=Michael Bloomberg tops up climate spending to beyond $3bn|url=https://www.ft.com/content/69d6bf8a-bfc7-490d-8529-27301ffc17de|date=30 January 2026|website=Financial Times}}</ref> In September 2023, the [[New York Times]] called Bloomberg "perhaps the world's single largest funder of climate activism."<ref name="Gelles">{{Cite news |last=Gelles |first=David |date=2023-09-20 |title=Michael Bloomberg Dials Up a War on Plastics |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/20/climate/michael-blooomberg-climate-petrochemicals.html |access-date=2023-11-08 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> At the national level, Bloomberg has consistently pushed for transitioning the United States' energy mix from fossil fuels to clean energy. In July 2011, Bloomberg Philanthropies donated $50 million to [[Sierra Club]]'s [[Beyond Coal]] campaign, allowing the campaign to expand its efforts to shut down [[coal-fired power plant]]s from 15 states to 45 states.<ref>{{cite news |title=N.Y. Mayor Bloomberg gives $50 million to fight coal-fired power plants |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/mayor-bloomberg-gives-50-million-to-fight-coal-fired-power-plants/2011/07/20/gIQAEKKURI_story.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=July 20, 2011 |access-date=November 10, 2015 |issn=0190-8286 |first1=Christian |last1=Torres |first2=Juliet |last2=Eilperin}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mayor Bloomberg Donates $50 Million To Sierra Club |url=https://www.npr.org/2011/07/21/138568843/mayor-bloomberg-donates-50-million-to-sierra-club |date=July 21, 2011 |access-date=November 10, 2015 |first=Elizabeth |last=Shogren|newspaper=NPR }}</ref> In 2015, Bloomberg announced an additional $30 million contribution to the Beyond Coal initiative, matched with another $30 million by other donors, to help secure the retirement of half of America's fleet of coal plants by 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=Michael Bloomberg's war on coal |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/04/michael-bloomberg-environment-coal-sierra-club-116793 |work=[[Politico]] |first=Andrew |last=Restuccia |date=April 8, 2015 |access-date=November 10, 2015}}</ref> In July 2017, Europe Beyond Coal was established to phase out use of coal on the continent by 2030.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Toussaint|first=Kristin|date=May 8, 2020|title=Europe is getting off coal even faster than expected|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90502628/europe-is-getting-off-coal-even-faster-than-expected|access-date=August 7, 2020|website=Fast Company|language=en-US}}</ref> Austria closed its final coal-fired plant in April 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Frangoul|first=Anmar|date=April 20, 2020|title=Austria's last coal-fired power station closes as the country pushes renewables|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/20/austrias-last-coal-fired-power-station-has-closed-down.html|access-date=August 7, 2020|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> In early June 2019, Bloomberg pledged $500 million to reduce climate impacts and shut remaining coal-fired power plants by 2030 via the new Beyond Carbon initiative.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/michael-bloomberg-to-put-500m-into-closing-all-remaining-coal-plants-by-2030/ |title=Bloomberg to put $500M into closing all remaining coal plants by 2030 |date=June 7, 2019 |website=CBS News |language=en-US |access-date=June 8, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://fortune.com/2019/06/07/michael-bloomberg-climate-change/ |title=Bloomberg Pledges $500 Million to Coordinated Campaign to Combat Climate Change |last=Bach |first=Natasha |date=June 7, 2019 |website=Fortune |language=en |access-date=June 8, 2019}}</ref> In September 2023, Bloomberg committed another $500 million to Beyond Carbon to "finish the job on coal."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prest |first=M.J. |date=2023-09-27 |title=Bloomberg Philanthropies Commits $500 Million to Beyond Carbon Campaign |work=The Chronicle of Philanthropy |url=https://www.philanthropy.com/article/bloomberg-philanthropies-commits-500-million-to-beyond-carbon-campaign |access-date=2023-11-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Volcovici |first=Valerie |date=2023-09-20 |title=Michael Bloomberg pumps $500 million into bid to close all US coal plants |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/michael-bloomberg-pumps-500-million-into-bid-close-all-us-coal-plants-2023-09-20/ |access-date=2023-11-08}}</ref>

Bloomberg Philanthropies awarded a $6 million grant to the [[Environmental Defense Fund]] in support of strict regulations on [[fracking]] in the 14 states with the heaviest natural gas production.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bloomberg Backs Fracking, With Rules to Protect the Environment |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/25/nyregion/bloomberg-backs-gas-drilling-with-rules-to-protect-the-environment.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 24, 2012 |access-date=November 11, 2015 |issn=0362-4331 |first=Mireya |last=Navarro |url-access=limited}}</ref>

In 2013, Bloomberg and Bloomberg Philanthropies launched the Risky Business initiative with former Treasury Secretary [[Hank Paulson]] and hedge-fund billionaire [[Tom Steyer]]. The joint effort worked to convince the business community of the need for more sustainable energy and development policies, by quantifying and publicizing the economic risks the United States faces from the [[impact of climate change]].<ref>{{cite news |title='Risky Business' Report Aims to Frame Climate Change as Economic Issue |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/risky-business-report-aims-to-frame-climate-change-as-economic-issue-1403578637 |date=June 23, 2014 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=November 11, 2015 |issn=0099-9660 |first=Alicia |last=Mundy |url-access=subscription}}</ref> In January 2015, Bloomberg led Bloomberg Philanthropies in a $48-million partnership with the Heising-Simons family to launch the Clean Energy Initiative. The initiative supports state-based solutions aimed at ensuring America has a clean, reliable, and affordable energy system.<ref>{{cite web |title=States Get $48M Boost From Bloomberg Charity To Help Meet Obama Climate Change Agenda |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/states-get-48m-boost-bloomberg-charity-help-meet-obama-climate-change-agenda-1789946 |website=International Business Times |access-date=November 11, 2015 |date=January 21, 2015}}</ref>

Since 2010, Bloomberg has taken an increasingly global role on environmental issues. From 2010 to 2013, he served as the chairman of the [[C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group]], a network of the world's biggest cities working together to reduce [[carbon emissions]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c40.org/history |title=History of the C40 |access-date=November 11, 2015 |website=C40 Cities |publisher=c40.org}}</ref> During his tenure, Bloomberg worked with President [[Bill Clinton]] to merge C40 with the [[Clinton Climate Initiative]], with the goal of amplifying their efforts in the global fight against climate change worldwide.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bloomberg and Bill Clinton to Merge Climate Groups |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/14/nyregion/14bloomberg.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=April 13, 2011 |access-date=November 11, 2015 |issn=0362-4331 |first=Michael |last=Barbaro |url-access=limited}}</ref> He serves as the president of the board of C40 Cities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cities-today.com/interview-michael-bloomberg-outgoing-chair-and-current-president-c40-cities |title=Interview: Michael Bloomberg, Outgoing Chair and Current President C40 Cities. |date=February 18, 2014 |access-date=November 11, 2015 |website=Cities Today |last=Andrews |first=Jonathan}}</ref> In January 2014, Bloomberg began a five-year commitment totaling $53 million through Bloomberg Philanthropies to the Vibrant Oceans Initiative. The initiative partners Bloomberg Philanthropies with [[Oceana (non-profit group)|Oceana]], [[Rare (conservation organization)|Rare]], and Encourage Capital to help reform fisheries and increase sustainable populations worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/bloomberg-philanthropies-commits-53-million-675418 |title=Bloomberg Philanthropies Commits $53 Million to Save the Oceans |date=January 29, 2014 |access-date=November 11, 2015 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> In 2018, Bloomberg joined [[Ray Dalio]] in announcing a commitment of $185 million towards protecting the oceans.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kathleenchaykowski/2018/10/29/ray-dalio-and-michael-bloomberg-commit-185-million-to-protect-the-oceans/ |date=October 29, 2018 |title=Ray Dalio and Michael Bloomberg Commit $185 Million To Protect The Oceans |last=Chaykowski |first=Kathleen |website=Forbes |language=en |access-date=April 2, 2019}}</ref>

In 2014, [[United Nations Secretary General]] [[Ban Ki-moon]] appointed Bloomberg as his first Special Envoy for Cities and Climate Change to help the United Nations work with cities to prevent climate change.<ref>{{cite news |title=U.N. appoints former NYC Mayor Bloomberg cities, climate change envoy |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-un-bloomberg/u-n-appoints-former-nyc-mayor-bloomberg-cities-climate-change-envoy-idUSBREA0U02Q20140131 |first=Michelle |last=Nichols |work=Reuters |date=January 31, 2014 |access-date=November 10, 2015}}</ref> In September 2014, Bloomberg convened with Ban and global leaders at the UN Climate Summit to announce definite action to fight climate change in 2015.<ref>{{cite news |title=U.N. climate summit is high-profile, but some of world's most important leaders will skip it |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2014/09/22/u-n-climate-summit-is-high-profile-but-some-of-worlds-most-important-leaders-will-skip-it |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=September 22, 2014 |access-date=November 10, 2015 |issn=0190-8286 |first=Adam |last=Taylor}}</ref> In 2018, Ban's successor [[António Guterres]] appointed Bloomberg as UN envoy for climate action.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sga1791.doc.htm |title=Secretary-General Appoints Michael R. Bloomberg of United States Special Envoy for Climate Action |website=www.un.org |language=en |access-date=May 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://nypost.com/2018/03/05/mike-bloomberg-to-lead-uns-climate-change-initiative/ |title=Mike Bloomberg to lead UN's climate change initiative |date=March 6, 2018 |work=New York Post |access-date=May 10, 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref> He resigned in November 2019, in the run-up to his presidential campaign.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Edith M. |last=Lederer |url=https://apnews.com/635749720def4d4ab7f140f5c40716a0|title=Bloomberg, now Democratic candidate, resigns UN climate post|date=November 25, 2019|work=Associated Press}}</ref> On 5 February 2021, however, he was re-appointed by Guterres as his Special Envoy on Climate Ambition and Solutions in the lead-up to the climate conference in [[Scotland]] scheduled for November 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nichols|first=Michelle|date=2021-02-05|title=U.N. chief names Michael Bloomberg climate envoy to rally action|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-un-climate-bloomberg-idUSKBN2A516B|access-date=2021-07-17}}</ref>

In late 2014, Bloomberg, Ban Ki-moon, and global city networks [[ICLEI]]-Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI), [[C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group]] (C40) and [[United Cities and Local Governments]] (UCLG), with support from UN-Habitat, launched the [[Compact of Mayors]], a global coalition of mayors and city officials pledging to reduce local greenhouse gas emissions, enhance [[climate resilience]], and track their progress transparently.<ref>{{cite web |title=C40: About the Compact of Mayors |url=http://www.c40.org/compact_of_mayors |website=c40.org |access-date=November 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102041301/http://www.c40.org/compact_of_mayors |archive-date=November 2, 2015 }}</ref> To date, over 250 cities representing more than 300 million people worldwide and 4.1 percent of the total global population, have committed to the Compact of Mayors,<ref>{{cite web |title=News Archives – Compact of Mayors |url=http://www.compactofmayors.org/news/category/news |website=Compact of Mayors |access-date=November 10, 2015}}</ref> which was merged with the [[Covenant of Mayors]] in June 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2016/06/22/compact-of-mayors-and-eu-covenant-of-mayors-launch-largest-global-coalition-of-cities-committed-to-fighting-climate-change |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623164802/http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2016/06/22/compact-of-mayors-and-eu-covenant-of-mayors-launch-largest-global-coalition-of-cities-committed-to-fighting-climate-change/ |archive-date=June 23, 2016 |title=Compact of Mayors and EU Covenant of Mayors launch largest global coalition of cities committed to fighting climate change |date=June 22, 2016 |website=National Geographic Society |type=Blog |access-date=July 21, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ecowatch.com/7-100-cities-from-119-countries-join-together-in-historic-collaboratio-1891181666.html |title=7,100 Cities From 119 Countries Join Together in Historic Collaboration to Accelerate Climate Action |website=EcoWatch |access-date=July 21, 2016 |date=June 23, 2016}}</ref>

In 2015, Bloomberg and [[mayor of Paris|Paris mayor]] [[Anne Hidalgo]] created the Climate Summit for Local Leaders.<ref>{{cite web |title=Local-governments day announced for Paris climate summit |url=http://citiscope.org/habitatIII/news/2015/07/local-governments-day-announced-paris-climate-summit |website=citiscope.org |access-date=November 10, 2015 |first=Greg |last=Scruggs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211161252/http://citiscope.org/habitatIII/news/2015/07/local-governments-day-announced-paris-climate-summit |archive-date=December 11, 2015 }}</ref> which convened assembled hundreds of city leaders from around the world at [[Paris City Hall]] to discuss fighting climate change.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/7b1fc3b0-9a92-11e5-be4f-0abd1978acaa.html#axzz43Ac4ZQjU |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210211256/https://www.ft.com/content/7b1fc3b0-9a92-11e5-be4f-0abd1978acaa#axzz43Ac4ZQjU |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |title=Mayors call for more powers to fight climate change |last=Stothard |first=Michael |date=December 4, 2015 |newspaper=Financial Times |issn=0307-1766 |access-date=March 17, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52731#.Vuq9IvkrJ2R |title=COP21 in Paris, mayors and celebrities join UN launch of report on boosting investment towards climate smart cities |last=Section |first=United Nations News Service |date=December 4, 2015 |website=UN News Service Section |access-date=March 17, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://citiscope.org/habitatIII/news/2015/12/extending-local-level-climate-action-beyond-30-ring-circus-cop-21 |title=Extending local-level climate action beyond '30-ring circus' of COP 21 |website=citiscope.org |access-date=March 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323212639/http://citiscope.org/habitatIII/news/2015/12/extending-local-level-climate-action-beyond-30-ring-circus-cop-21 |archive-date=March 23, 2016 }}</ref> The Summit concluded with the presentation of the Paris Declaration, a pledge by leaders from assembled global cities to cut carbon emissions by 3.7 gigatons annually by 2030.<ref>{{cite web |first=Greg |last=Scruggs |date=December 5, 2015 |url=http://citiscope.org/habitatIII/news/2015/12/paris-city-hall-declaration-world-mayors-throw-down-gauntlet-climate |title=With Paris City Hall Declaration, world mayors throw down gauntlet on climate |website=citiscope.org |access-date=March 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323195413/http://citiscope.org/habitatIII/news/2015/12/paris-city-hall-declaration-world-mayors-throw-down-gauntlet-climate |archive-date=March 23, 2016 }}</ref>

During the [[2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference|2015 UN Climate Change Conference]] in Paris, [[Mark Carney]], [[Governor of the Bank of England]] and chair of the [[Financial Stability Board]], announced that Bloomberg would lead a new global task force designed to help industry and financial markets understand the growing [[risks of climate change]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/04/mark-carney-unveils-global-taskforce-to-educate-business-on-climate-change |title=Michael Bloomberg to head global taskforce on climate change |last=Elliott |first=Larry |date=December 4, 2015|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref>

Following President [[Donald Trump]]'s announcement that the [[United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement|U.S. government would withdraw from the Paris climate accord]], Bloomberg outlined a coalition of cities, states, universities and businesses that had come together to honor America's commitment under the agreement through 'America's Pledge'.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-climate-paris-idUSKBN18W2DQ |title=Bloomberg delivers U.S. pledge to continue Paris climate goals to U.N. |date=June 5, 2017 |work=Reuters |access-date=August 18, 2017}}</ref> Bloomberg offered up to $15 million to the [[UNFCCC]], the UN body that assists countries with climate change efforts.<ref>{{cite news |first=Bill |last=Chappell |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/02/531238185/bloomberg-promises-15-million-to-help-make-up-for-u-s-withdrawal-from-climate-de |title=Bloomberg Promises $15 Million To Help Make Up For U.S. Withdrawal From Climate Deal |publisher=NPR|access-date=August 18, 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/01/climate/american-cities-climate-standards.html |title=Bucking Trump, These Cities, States and Companies Commit to Paris Accord |last1=Tabuchi |first1=Hiroko |author-link=Hiroko Tabuchi |date=June 1, 2017 |work=The New York Times |access-date=August 18, 2017 |last2=Fountain |first2=Henry |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}}</ref> About a month later, Bloomberg and California Governor [[Jerry Brown]] announced that the America's Pledge coalition would work to "quantify the actions taken by U.S. states, cities and business to drive down greenhouse gas emissions consistent with the goals of the Paris Agreement."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.americaspledgeonclimate.com/ |title=America's Pledge on Climate Change |website=Americas Pledge On Climate |language=en-US |access-date=August 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/denizcam/2017/07/12/michael-bloomberg-and-california-governor-jerry-brown-pledge-to-fight-climate-change/#6359665d8ab2 |title=Michael Bloomberg and California Governor Jerry Brown Pledge To Fight Climate Change |last=Cam |first=Deniz |work=Forbes |access-date=August 18, 2017 |language=en}}</ref> In announcing the initiative, Bloomberg said "the American government may have pulled out of the Paris agreement, but American society remains committed to it."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/americas-pledge-jerry-brown-michael-bloomberg-climate-change-2017-7 |first=Madeleine Sheehan |last=Perkins |date=July 12, 2017 |title=The governor of California and Michael Bloomberg launched a new plan to fight climate change – with or without Trump |work=Business Insider |access-date=August 18, 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Two [[think tank]]s, [[World Resources Institute|World Resource Institute]] and the [[Rocky Mountain Institute]], will work with America's Pledge to analyze the work cities, states and businesses do to meet the U.S. commitment to the Paris agreement.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/11/climate/cities-states-businesses-emissions-climate-pact.html |title=U.S. Cities, States and Businesses Pledge to Measure Emissions |last1=Tabuchi |first1=Hiroko |date=July 11, 2017 |work=The New York Times |access-date=August 18, 2017 |last2=Friedman |first2=Lisa |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}}</ref>

In May 2019, Bloomberg announced a 2020 Midwestern Collegiate Climate Summit in [[Washington University in St. Louis]] with the aim to bring together leaders from Midwestern universities, local government and the private sector to reduce climate impacts in the region.<ref name="midwestern collegiate">{{cite press release |url=https://www.bloomberg.org/press/releases/michael-bloomberg-announces-midwestern-collegiate-climate-summit/ |first1=Lee |last1=Cochran |first2=Erika |last2=Ebsworth-Goold |title=Michael Bloomberg Announces Midwestern Collegiate Climate Summit |website=Bloomberg Philanthropies |language=en-US |date=May 16, 2019 |access-date=August 12, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/wash-u-becomes-hub-midwest-summit-fight-climate-change |date=May 16, 2019 |title=Wash U Becomes Hub Of Midwest Summit To Fight Climate Change |last=Chen |first=Eli|publisher=KWMU|language=en |access-date=August 12, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://apnews.com/5e9ba538d48842dbbdc24ee9ea8aea39 |title=Michael Bloomberg announces St. Louis climate conference |date=May 17, 2019 |work=Associated Press|access-date=July 22, 2019}}</ref>

Expanding on the work of Beyond Coal and Beyond Carbon, Bloomberg launched Beyond Petrochemicals in September 2022. The campaign takes aim at the rapid expansion of U.S. petrochemicals and [[plastic pollution]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Volcovici |first=Valerie |date=2022-09-21 |title=Bloomberg to spend $85 million against U.S. plastic, petrochem buildout |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/bloomberg-spend-85-million-against-us-plastic-petrochem-buildout-2022-09-21/ |access-date=2023-11-08}}</ref> The $85 million campaign aims to block the construction of 120 proposed petrochemical projects in Louisiana, Texas and the [[Ohio River Valley]].<ref name="Gelles"/>

Bloomberg serves as global adviser to the winners of the [[Earthshot Prize]]. His foundation Bloomberg Philanthropies is a founding partner of the Prize which awards {{GBP}}1,000,000 to each of five winners each year whose work will achieve ambitious climate and sustainability goals by 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Alliance |url=https://earthshotprize.org/people-partners/global-alliance/ |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=The Earthshot Prize |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Tony |date=2023-09-19 |title=Prince of Wales hails 'inspiration and optimism' of Earthshot Prize finalists |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/mike-bloomberg-new-york-prince-of-wales-dpd-prince-b2414564.html |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> The 2023 finalists were announced at the Earthshot Prize Innovation Summit in September 2023 in New York, and the five winners were announced in November 2023 in Singapore.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Oscar Holland |author2=Lauren Said-Moorhouse |author3=Max Foster |date=2023-11-07 |title=Prince William's 2023 Earthshot Prize winners announced |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/07/climate/prince-william-earthshot-prize-2023-winners-climate-intl/index.html |access-date=2023-11-08 |work=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wroe |first=Amber |date=2023-09-11 |title=The Earthshot Prize and Bloomberg Philanthropies Announce Speakers for The Second Earthshot Prize Innovation Summit |url=https://earthshotprize.org/the-earthshot-prize-and-bloomberg-philanthropies-announce-speakers-for-the-second-earthshot-prize-innovation-summit/ |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=The Earthshot Prize |language=en-US |archive-date=October 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002143820/https://earthshotprize.org/the-earthshot-prize-and-bloomberg-philanthropies-announce-speakers-for-the-second-earthshot-prize-innovation-summit/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Johns Hopkins University philanthropy ===
As of 2024, Bloomberg has given more than $4.55 billion to [[Johns Hopkins University]], his alma mater,<ref name="wapo-JHUmed-free" /><ref name=":5">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/bloomberg-gives-johns-hopkins-a-record-18-billion-for-student-financial-aid/2018/11/18/8db256cc-eb4e-11e8-96d4-0d23f2aaad09_story.html |last1=Anderson |first1=Nick |title=Bloomberg gives Johns Hopkins a record $1.8 billion for student financial aid |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=November 18, 2018 |access-date=November 18, 2018}}</ref> making him "the most generous living donor to any education institution in the United States."<ref name=NYTUnivDonors>{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Barbaro |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/27/nyregion/at-1-1-billion-bloomberg-is-top-university-donor-in-us.html |title=$1.1 Billion in Thanks From Bloomberg to Johns Hopkins |date=January 27, 2013 |work=The New York Times |url-access=limited}}</ref> His first contribution, in 1965, had been $5.<ref name=NYTUnivDonors /> He made his first $1 million commitment to JHU in 1984, and subsequently became the first individual to exceed $1 billion in lifetime donations to a single U.S. institution of higher education.<ref name=350JHU>{{cite press release|title=Michael R. Bloomberg Commits $350 Million to Johns Hopkins for Transformational Academic Initiative 2013 |url=https://releases.jhu.edu/2013/01/26/michael-r-bloomberg-commits-350-million-to-johns-hopkins/ |first1=Dennis |last1=O'Shea |first2=Tracey |last2=Reeves |date=January 26, 2013}}</ref>

Bloomberg's contributions to Johns Hopkins "fueled major improvements in the university's reputation and rankings, its competitiveness for faculty and students, and the appearance of its campus,"<ref name=NYTUnivDonors /> and included construction of a [[Johns Hopkins Children's Center|children's hospital]] (the [[Johns Hopkins Children's Center|Charlotte R. Bloomberg Children's Center Building]], named after Bloomberg's mother); a [[physics]] building, a school of public health (the [[Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health]]), libraries, and biomedical research facilities,<ref name=NYTUnivDonors /> including the Institute for Cell Engineering, a [[stem-cell research]] institute within the [[Johns Hopkins School of Medicine|School of Medicine]], and the Malaria Research Institute within the School of Public Health.<ref name=NYTUnivDonors /><ref name=350JHU /> In 2013, Bloomberg committed $350 million to Johns Hopkins, five-sevenths of which were allocated to the [[Bloomberg Distinguished Professorships]].<ref name=350JHU /> In 2016, Bloomberg Philanthropies contributed $300 million to establish the Bloomberg American Health Initiative.<ref>{{cite news |first=Ron |last=Winslow |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/michael-bloomberg-gives-300-million-to-johns-hopkins-for-public-health-effort-1473951780 |title=Michael Bloomberg Gives $300 Million to Johns Hopkins for Public-Health Effort |date=September 15, 2016 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Bloomberg also funded the launch of the [[Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center|Bloomberg–Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy]] within the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in East Baltimore, with a $50 million gift; an additional $50 million was given by philanthropist [[Sidney Kimmel]], and $25 million by other donors.<ref name="fortune.com">{{cite web|url=https://fortune.com/2016/03/29/john-hopkins-cancer-center-bloomberg/ |first=Laura |last=Lorenzetti |title=Bloomberg and Kimmel Help Launch Johns Hopkins Cancer Center With Major Donations |website=Fortune|date=March 29, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/4001500/mike-bloomberg-and-others-donate-125-million-for-breakthrough-cancer-research-2 |first=Marcus |last=Baram |title=Mike Bloomberg and others donate $125 million for breakthrough cancer research |website=FastCo News |language=en-US |access-date=April 15, 2016 |date=March 29, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-maryland-cancer-johnshopkins-idUSKCN0WV2IK |first=Ian |last=Simpson |title=Bloomberg, others give $125 million for immunotherapy cancer research |date=March 29, 2016 |newspaper=Reuters |access-date=April 15, 2016}}</ref> It will support cancer therapy research, technology and infrastructure development, and private sector partnerships.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2016/03/29/cancer-immunotherapy-center-bloomberg-kimmel/ |title=Johns Hopkins launches cancer research center with $125 million from Bloomberg, Kimmel, others |website=The Hub |access-date=April 15, 2016 |date=March 29, 2016}}</ref> In 2016, Bloomberg joined [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] [[Joe Biden]] for the institute's formal launch, embracing Biden's "[[Cancer Breakthroughs 2020|Cancer Moonshot]]" initiative, which seeks to find a cure for cancer through national coordination of government and private sector resources.<ref name="fortune.com" /> In 2018, Bloomberg contributed a further gift of $1.8 billion to Johns Hopkins, allowing the university to practice [[need-blind admission]] and meet the full financial need of admitted students.<ref name=":5" />

In 2024, Bloomberg announced a $1 billion gift to Johns Hopkins University to make tuition free for all medical school students whose families make under $300,000 a year, beginning in the fall of 2024.<ref name="wapo-JHUmed-free">{{cite news |last1=Svrluga |first1=Susan |title=$1 billion gift to make Johns Hopkins medical school free for most |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2024/07/08/mike-bloomberg-johns-hopkins-free-medical-school/ |access-date=8 July 2024 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=8 July 2024}}</ref> The donation also increased financial aid for students enrolled in nursing, public health and other graduate programs.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chapman |first=Michelle |date=2024-07-08 |title=Bloomberg Philanthropies gifting $1 billion to medical school, others at Johns Hopkins University |url=https://apnews.com/article/bloomberg-philanthropy-john-hopkins-university-53ed82c14c4d4b07cb2675a9ca1829f9 |access-date=2024-07-09 |work=The Associated Press}}</ref>

=== Other educational and research philanthropy ===
In 1996, Bloomberg endowed the William Henry Bloomberg Professorship at [[Harvard University]] with a $3 million gift in honor of his father, who died in 1963, saying: "Throughout his life, he recognized the importance of reaching out to the non-profit sector to help better the welfare of the entire community."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/1996/09.19/BloombergEndows.html |title=Bloomberg Endows Professorship for Five Faculties |work=The Harvard University Gazette |date=September 19, 1996 |access-date=August 9, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526152422/http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/1996/09.19/BloombergEndows.html |archive-date=May 26, 2013 }}</ref>

In 2015, Bloomberg donated $100 million to [[Cornell Tech]], the applied sciences graduate school of [[Cornell University]] on the school's Roosevelt Island campus.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/16/nyregion/bloomberg-philanthropies-gives-100-million-to-cornell-tech.html|title=Bloomberg Philanthropies Gives $100 Million to Cornell Tech|date=June 16, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|last1=Harris|first1=Elizabeth A.|url-access=limited}}</ref> Through Bloomberg Philanthropies, Bloomberg established the American Talent Initiative in 2016 which is committed to increasing the number of lower-income high-achieving students attending elite colleges.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Seltzer|first=Rick|date=December 13, 2016|title=Effort launches to boost low-income enrollment at top colleges|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/12/13/effort-launches-boost-low-income-enrollment-top-colleges|access-date=August 7, 2020|website=www.insidehighered.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=June 5, 2018|title=What's the Biggest Challenge for Colleges and Universities?|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/05/education/learning/biggest-challenge-for-colleges-and-universities.html|access-date=August 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Bloomberg Philanthropies also supports CollegePoint which has provided advising to lower- and moderate-income high school students since 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Anderson|first=Nick|date=March 27, 2018|title=Invisible no more: How advising programs are finding new talent for top colleges|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/invisible-no-more-how-advising-programs-are-finding-new-talent-for-top-colleges/2018/03/27/4f5ec1a8-1b10-11e8-9de1-147dd2df3829_story.html|access-date=August 7, 2020}}</ref> In 2016, the [[Museum of Science, Boston]], announced a $50 million gift from Bloomberg.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/19/arts/michael-bloomberg-gives-50-million-to-museum-of-science-boston.html |title=Michael Bloomberg Gives $50 Million to Museum of Science, Boston |last=Barone |first=Joshua |date=October 18, 2016 |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=November 4, 2016 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Bloomberg credited the museum with sparking his intellectual curiosity as a patron and student during his youth in [[Medford, Massachusetts]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Penny |last=Schwartz |date=October 19, 2016 |url=https://forward.com/news/breaking-news/352254/michael-bloomberg-donates-50m-to-boston-museum-of-science/ |title=Michael Bloomberg Donates $50M to Boston Museum of Science |newspaper=The Forward |access-date=November 4, 2016}}</ref> It is the largest donation in the museum's 186-year history.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2016/10/17/museum-science-changed-michael-bloomberg-life-gives-back-with-million-gift/SFj5KnsTQfma3v0VWcLIqO/story.html |date=October 18, 2016 |first=Shirley |last=Leung |title=Museum of Science changed Michael Bloomberg's life. He gives back with a $50 million gift |newspaper=The Boston Globe |access-date=October 18, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mos.org/Bloomberg|title=Thank you, Michael Bloomberg|publisher=Museum of Science, Boston}}</ref>

Bloomberg donated $100 million to America's four Historically Black Medical Schools in 2020 as part of Bloomberg Philanthropies' Greenwood Initiative, which tackles the racial wealth gap and addresses decades of under-investment in Black communities.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Schumaker |first=Erin |date=6 September 2020 |title=Mike Bloomberg wants to solve America's Black doctor shortage |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Health/mike-bloomberg-solve-americas-black-doctor-shortage/story?id=72798886 |access-date=29 August 2024 |work=ABC News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Contreras |first=Russell |date=18 September 2022 |title=Bloomberg Philanthropies unveils racial wealth gap database |url=https://www.axios.com/2022/09/18/bloomberg-philanthropies-racial-wealth-gap |access-date=29 August 2024 |work=Axios}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Roush |first=Ty |title=Michael Bloomberg Donates Record $600 Million To Four Historically Black Medical Schools |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tylerroush/2024/08/06/michael-bloomberg-donates-record-600-million-to-four-historically-black-medical-schools/ |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> The gift to [[Meharry Medical College]], [[Howard University College of Medicine]], [[Morehouse School of Medicine]] and [[Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science]] provided grants to reduce debt for students, meaning many medical students enrolled at the time and for the four years to follow would graduate free of debt.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 September 2020 |title=Bloomberg Awards Meharry Medical College $34 Million for Student Debt, Largest Gift in College's History |url=https://tntribune.com/bloomberg-awards-meharry-medical-college-34-million-for-student-debt-largest-gift-in-colleges-history/ |access-date=29 August 2024 |work=The Tennessee Tribune}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=de la Merced |first1=Michael J. |last2=Sorkin |first2=Andrew Ross |date=2020-09-03 |title=Michael Bloomberg to Give $100 Million to Historically Black Medical Schools |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/03/business/dealbook/bloomberg-black-medical-schools-donation.html |access-date=2024-08-29 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

In April 2022, Bloomberg announced two separate $100 million donations, one to Harlem Children's Zone's Promise Academy and another to [[Success Academy Charter Schools]].<ref name="NYPost2022">Bamberger, Cayla (April 25, 2022). "Bloomberg invests $200M in NYC's high-profile charter school networks." *New York Post*.</ref>

In 2024, Bloomberg again made a donation to the nation's Historically Black Medical Schools — this time gifting $600 million to the four schools to support their endowments.<ref name=":9">{{Cite news |last1=Price |first1=Todd A. |last2=Cuevas |first2=Eduardo |date=6 August 2024 |title=HBCU medical programs get massive cash infusion from Bloomberg Philanthropies |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2024/08/06/bloomberg-philanthropies-hbcu-donation/74685074007/ |access-date=29 August 2024 |work=USA Today}}</ref> The New York Times reported the endowments were "significantly underfunded" due to entrenched discrimination,<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Hartocollis |first1=Anemona |last2=Blinder |first2=Alan |date=2024-08-06 |title=Historically Black Medical Schools Land a $600 Million Donation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/06/us/donation-historically-black-medical-schools-bloomberg.html |access-date=2024-08-29 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> but Bloomberg's gift was expected to increase three of the schools' endowment sizes by more than 100%.<ref name=":10">{{Cite news |last=Beaty |first=Thalia |date=6 August 2024 |title=Bloomberg gives $600 million to four Black medical schools' endowments |url=https://apnews.com/article/mike-bloomberg-hbcu-medical-schools-morehouse-meharry-howard-charles-drew-d997c100e4161dffd03e282d8df31c70 |access-date=29 August 2024 |work=The Associated Press}}</ref> The donation also included $5 million to help [[Xavier University of Louisiana|Xavier University]] to establish a new medical school.<ref name=":10" />

In 2025, Bloomberg expanded his support of HBCU education by funding a $20 million initiative to develop K-12 charter schools on HBCU campuses and establish a direct pipeline of quality educational opportunities.<ref>{{cite news|last=Alexander|first=Asia|title=Billionaire Michael Bloomberg Is Creating A Charter School-To-HBCU Pipeline For Black Students|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/asia-alexander/2025/12/04/billionaire-michael-bloomberg-is-creating-a-charter-school-to-hbcu-pipeline-for-black-students/|date=5 December 2025|website=Forbes}}</ref>

=== Urban innovation philanthropy ===
In July 2011, Bloomberg launched a $24 million initiative to fund "Innovation Delivery Teams" in five cities. The teams are one of Bloomberg Philanthropies' key goals: advancing government innovation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.commercialappeal.com/news/2012/jan/06/mayors-team-to-funnel-funding |title=Mayor's Innovation Delivery Team to funnel grant for inner-city revival |work=The Commercial Appeal |location=Memphis, TN |date=January 6, 2012 }}</ref> In December 2011, Bloomberg Philanthropies launched a partnership with online ticket search engine [[SeatGeek]] to connect artists with new audiences. Called the Discover New York Arts Project, the project includes organizations HERE, [[New York Theatre Workshop]], and the [[Kaufman Center]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thenextweb.com/insider/2011/12/08/seatgeek-and-bloomberg-to-support-30-treasured-arts-groups-in-nyc/ |title=SeatGeek and Bloomberg to support 30 treasured arts groups in NYC |work=The Next Web |date=December 8, 2011 |first=Harrison |last=Weber |access-date=February 18, 2020 }}</ref>

In 2013, Bloomberg announced the Mayors Challenge competition to drive innovation in American cities. The program was later expanded to competitions in Latin America and Europe.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sullivan|first=Paul|date=April 25, 2014|title=Private Citizen Bloomberg on Philanthropy|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/26/your-money/private-citizen-bloombergs-philosophy-on-philanthropy.html|access-date=August 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Shueh|first=Jason|date=January 20, 2016|title=Bloomberg Philanthropies Launches $9 Million Mayors Challenge in Latin America, Caribbean|url=https://www.govtech.com/Bloomberg-Philanthropies-Launches-9Million-Mayors-Challenge-in-Latin-America-Caribbean.html|access-date=August 7, 2020|website=www.govtech.com|language=en}}</ref>

In 2016, Bloomberg gave Harvard $32 million to create the Bloomberg Harvard City Leadership Initiative within [[Harvard Kennedy School]]'s [[Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation]]; the initiative provides training to mayors and their aides on innovative municipal leadership and challenges facing cities.<ref>{{cite news|author=Nick Anderson|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2016/08/25/bloomberg-gives-harvard-32-million-to-teach-mayors-and-aides/|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=August 25, 2016|title=Bloomberg gives Harvard $32 million to teach mayors and aides}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Bloomberg Harvard City Leadership Initiative, Harvard University|title=About the Initiative: Harvard + Bloomberg + 240 Cities|url=https://www.cityleadership.harvard.edu/about}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.hbs.edu/news/releases/Pages/bloomberg-harvard-city-leadership-initiative.aspx |title=Bloomberg Philanthropies and Harvard University Launch Bloomberg Harvard City Leadership Initiative |website=[[Harvard Business School]] |access-date=September 27, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2016/0825/32-million-Bloomberg-Harvard-mayor-school-supports-leaders-changing-role |title=$32 million Bloomberg-Harvard 'mayor school' supports leaders' changing role |last=Beck |first=Christina |date=August 25, 2016 |newspaper=The Christian Science Monitor |issn=0882-7729 |access-date=September 27, 2016}}</ref> Since its founding, 275 mayors and more than 400 top city aides have gone through the program, prompting Time Magazine to call Bloomberg "the nation's mayoral tutor".<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=2023-07-17 |title=Mike Bloomberg's Organization Is Guiding Hundreds of Mayors |url=https://time.com/6295185/mike-bloomberg-philanthropies-mayors-training/ |access-date=2023-11-08 |magazine=Time |language=en}}</ref>

In March 2021, Bloomberg gave Harvard $150 million to create the ''Bloomberg Center for Cities'' to support mayors.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bloomberg Philanthropies & Harvard create new Bloomberg Center for Cities |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2021/03/bloomberg-philanthropies-harvard-create-new-bloomberg-center-for-cities/ |access-date=11 March 2021 |work=[[The Harvard Gazette]] |date=2 March 2021}}</ref>

=== Tobacco, gun control, and public health ===
[[File:Michael Bloomberg (48603887536).jpg|thumb|Bloomberg speaking at an Everytown for Gun Safety event in August 2019]]

Bloomberg has been a long-time donor to global [[tobacco control]] efforts.<ref name=Begley>{{cite news |first=Sharon|last=Begley |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tobacco-bloomberg-idUSBRE82L08E20120322 |title=Bloomberg charity adds $220 million to anti-smoking effort|work=Reuters |date=March 22, 2012 |access-date=February 18, 2020 }}</ref><ref name=ChaTobacco>{{cite web |author=Ariana Eunjung Cha |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2016/12/05/michael-bloomberg-may-be-big-tobaccos-biggest-enemy/ |title=Michael Bloomberg may be Big Tobacco's biggest enemy |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=December 5, 2016 |access-date=December 6, 2016}}</ref> Bloomberg has donated close to $1 billion to the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) to promote anti-smoking efforts, including $125 million in 2006, $250 million in 2008, and $360 million, making Bloomberg Philanthropies the [[developing world]]'s biggest funder of tobacco-control initiatives.<ref name=ChaTobacco /> In 2013, it was reported that Bloomberg had donated $109.24 million in 556 grants and 61 countries to campaigns against tobacco.<ref name="FMB">{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-bloomberg|title=Michael Bloomberg|date=September 2016|work=[[Forbes]]|access-date=February 5, 2016}}</ref> Bloomberg's contributions are aimed at "getting countries to monitor tobacco use, introduce strong tobacco-control laws, and create mass media campaigns to educate the public about the [[dangers of tobacco use]]".<ref name=ChaTobacco /> Bloomberg Philanthropies and the [[Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids]] jointly launched a $160 million, three-year campaign against youth [[Usage of electronic cigarettes|use of electronic cigarettes]] (vaping).<ref>Marc Gunther, [https://www.philanthropy.com/article/bloombergs-millions-funded-an-effective-campaign-against-vaping-could-it-do-more-harm-than-good Bloomberg's Millions Funded an Effective Campaign Against Vaping. Could It Do More Harm Than Good?], ''Journal of Philanthropy'' (March 23, 2021).</ref>

Bloomberg is the co-founder of [[Everytown for Gun Safety]] (formerly Mayors Against Illegal Guns), a [[gun control]] advocacy group.<ref>{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Scherer|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/michael-bloombergs-gun-safety-group-announces-60-million-spending-plan-for-2020-elections/2020/01/27/fcedb218-412c-11ea-aa6a-083d01b3ed18_story.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=January 27, 2020|title=Gun-control group co-founded by Bloomberg announces $60 million spending plan for 2020 elections}}</ref>

In 2016, the [[World Health Organization]] appointed Bloomberg as its Global Ambassador for Noncommunicable Diseases.<ref>{{cite press release |date=August 17, 2016 |url=https://www.who.int/en/news-room/detail/17-08-2016-michael-r-bloomberg-becomes-who-global-ambassador-for-noncommunicable-diseases |first=Christian |last=Lindmeier |title=Michael R. Bloomberg Becomes WHO Global Ambassador for Noncommunicable Diseases |website=World Health Organization |language=en-GB |access-date=September 27, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.philanthropy.com/article/Michael-Bloomberg-Joins-UN/237496 |title=Michael Bloomberg Joins U.N. Agency as Health Ambassador |date=August 18, 2016|work=Chronicle of Philanthropy}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-who-bloomberg-idUSKCN10S22T |title=WHO appoints former NY mayor Bloomberg as global health ambassador |access-date=February 20, 2020 |first=Kate |last=Kelland |date=August 17, 2016 |work=[[Reuters]] }}</ref>

===National September 11 Memorial and Museum===
In October 2006, Bloomberg became chairman of the board and chief fundraiser of the [[National September 11 Memorial & Museum]]; [[CBS News]] and [[Politico]] credited him with having resolved financial and design obstacles that delayed its completion.<ref name="Politico">{{cite web|last=Haberman|first=Maggie|title=Bloomberg's path to 9/11 museum|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/05/bloomberg-and-the-path-to-911-museum-106562|date=May 12, 2014|publisher=Politico}}</ref><ref name="CBS">{{cite web|title=Michael Bloomberg on 9/11 Museum, return to namesake company|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/michael-bloomberg-on-911-memorial-return-to-namesake-company/|date=September 10, 2014|publisher=CBS News}}</ref><ref name="NYT">{{cite web|last=Bagli|first=Charles V.|title=Dispute Over Costs Delays Opening of 9/11 Museum|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/09/nyregion/bloomberg-cuomo-dispute-delays-opening-of-sept-11-museum.html|date=September 8, 2012|work=New York Times}}</ref> He was mayor during the initial planning stages of the memorial & museum.<ref name="NYT" /> Once he assumed the Chairmanship, he sought to reduce cost increases, finalize fundraising efforts, and resume the mapping and design processes.<ref name="Politico" /><ref>{{cite web|last=Rogers|first=Josh|title=Sciame hints 9/11 names will move, museum may stay|url=http://www.downtownexpress.com/de_161/sciamehints911names.html|date=June 9, 2006|publisher=Downtown Express |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923220312/http://www.downtownexpress.com/de_161/sciamehints911names.html |archive-date=September 23, 2015 }}</ref> Bloomberg has raised $450 million for the National September 11 Memorial & Museum,<ref>{{cite web|last=Frishberg|first=Hannah|title=Bloomberg v. Trump? Fight brews over 9/11 museum as NYC eyes 25th anniversary of attacks|url=https://gothamist.com/news/bloomberg-v-trump-fight-brews-over-911-museum-as-nyc-eyes-25th-anniversary-of-attacks|date=September 11, 2025|publisher=Gothamist}}</ref> including a $50 million personal contribution, making him its largest single donor.<ref name="Politico" /><ref name="NYT" /><ref>{{cite web|last1=Pager|first1=Tyler|last2=Bowley|first2=Graham|title=Trump Is Exploring Ways to Take Over the Sept. 11 Memorial and Museum|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/04/us/politics/trump-sept-11-museum.html|date=September 4, 2025|work=New York Times}}</ref> Bloomberg secured donations from major corporations by saying they held some responsibility as members of the global community.<ref name="Politico" /> One of his first acts as chairman was securing a $10 million donation from [[American Express]].<ref name="Politico" /> Bloomberg recruited members to the board and donations across the political spectrum, including [[David Koch]] and [[Jon Stewart]].<ref name="Politico" /> Bloomberg is also chairman of the [[Perelman Performing Arts Center]] in the World Trade Center complex,<ref>{{cite web|last=Rocca|first=Mo|title=Michael Bloomberg on reviving lower Manhattan through the arts|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/michael-bloomberg-on-the-new-perelman-performing-arts-center/|date=September 10, 2023|publisher=CBS News}}</ref> to which he has donated $130 million.<ref>{{cite web|last=Rocca|first=Mo|title=Michael Bloomberg on reviving lower Manhattan through the arts|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/michael-bloomberg-on-the-new-perelman-performing-arts-center/|date=September 10, 2025|publisher=CBS News}}</ref>

At the ceremony opening for the National September 11 Memorial Museum, Bloomberg said the museum was "a reminder to us and all future generations that freedom carries heavy responsibilities".<ref>{{cite web|title=9/11 museum: Obama attends New York ceremony|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-27429048|date= May 15, 2014|publisher=BBC}}</ref> He continued to lead the annual 9/11 ceremony after leaving office.<ref name="CBS" /> In 2010 he replanted the Callery Pear tree that had been originally planted in the World Trade Center complex and was discovered in the rubble and saved after the attacks.<ref>{{cite web|title='Survivor tree' replanted at the 9/11 Memorial Plaza|url=https://abc7ny.com/archive/7857410/|date= December 23, 2010|publisher=ABC7NY}}</ref> In September 2021, marking the 20th anniversary of the attacks, Bloomberg and the museum launched The Never Forget Fund, focused on educational programming about 9/11.<ref>{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Ryan W.|title=20 years since 9/11: Museum launches fund so next generation 'never forgets'|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/07/21/sept-11-museum-memorial-launches-never-forget-fund-anniversary/7992944002/|date=July 21, 2021|publisher=USA Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Cooper|first=Mariah|title=9/11 Memorial & Museum wants the next generation to 'Never Forget' on 20th anniversary|url=https://www.prweek.com/article/1725533/9-11-memorial-museum-wants-next-generation-never-forget-20th-anniversary|date=August 24, 2021|publisher=PR Week}}</ref>

=== Other philanthropy ===
Through Bloomberg Philanthropies, Bloomberg supported the Fresh Air Fund's creation of 'Open Spaces in the City' in summer 2020 to provide socially-distant areas for kids to play during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as jobs for local teens.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A $1.2 million grant helped turn outdoor areas in NYC into play spaces for kids|url=https://www.timeout.com/new-york-kids/news/a-1-2-million-grant-helped-turn-outdoor-areas-in-nyc-into-play-spaces-for-kids-072820|access-date=August 24, 2020|website=Time Out New York Kids|date=July 28, 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Summer Spaces to Provide Free and Safe Outdoor Programming to NYC Kids|url=https://www.nymetroparents.com/article/summer-spaces-program-to-provide-outdoor-play-spaces-and-employment|access-date=August 24, 2020|website=www.nymetroparents.com|date=September 2019 |language=en}}</ref> He donated $3 million to the construction of a new public library in his hometown of Medford<ref>{{Cite web|title=Michael Bloomberg donates $3M toward new library in his Mass. hometown |url=https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2020/08/18/michael-bloomberg-medford-library|access-date=August 24, 2020|website=www.boston.com|date=August 18, 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref> and $75 million for [[The Shed (arts center)|The Shed]], a new arts and [[cultural center]] in [[Hudson Yards (development)|Hudson Yards]], Manhattan.<ref>{{cite news |date=May 25, 2017 |url=https://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20170525/ARTS/170529914/bloomberg-era-officials-reunite-at-hudson-yards-the-shed-tour |title=The Shed at Hudson Yards event is like a Bloomberg-era reunion |last=Kim |first=Jeanhee |work=Crain's New York Business |access-date=August 9, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.playbill.com/article/michael-r-bloomberg-donates-75-million-to-new-nyc-arts-center-the-shed |title=Michael R. Bloomberg Donates $75 Million to New NYC Arts Center, The Shed |website=Playbill |language=en |access-date=August 9, 2017 |date=May 24, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/24/arts/design/michael-bloomberg-gives-75-million-to-shed-arts-center.html |title=Michael Bloomberg Gives $75 Million to Shed Arts Center |last=Pogrebin |first=Robin |date=May 24, 2017 |work=The New York Times |access-date=August 9, 2017 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331|url-access=limited}}</ref>

In September 2023, the [[Perelman Performing Arts Center]] opened with $130 million of support from Bloomberg, who serves as its chair.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pogrebin |first=Robin |date=2023-06-07 |title=It's the Perelman Performing Arts Center, But Bloomberg Gave More |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/07/arts/perelman-performing-arts-center-bloomberg.html |access-date=2023-11-08 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The $500 million art center is the final major piece of the redevelopment of the site where the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] once stood.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rocca |first=Mo |date=2023-09-10 |title=Michael Bloomberg on reviving lower Manhattan through the arts – CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/michael-bloomberg-on-the-new-perelman-performing-arts-center/ |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=CBS News |language=en-US}}</ref>

Following the [[Hamas]] attack on Israel [[October 7 attacks|in October 2023]], Bloomberg committed to matching donations to the Israeli Red Cross, known as [[Magen David Adom]]. By October 19, 2023, Bloomberg had matched $25 million in donations to the ambulance and Medivac services.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dolan |first=Kerry A. |title=Billionaire Tracker: Mike Bloomberg, Yuri Milner And The Other Ultra-Wealthy Donors To Israeli Groups Following The Attacks By Hamas |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2023/10/11/billionaire-tracker-mike-bloomberg-yuri-milner-and-the-other-ultra-wealthy-donors-to-israeli-groups-following-the-attacks-by-hamas/ |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>

Bloomberg also endowed his hometown synagogue, Temple Shalom, which was renamed for his parents as the William and Charlotte Bloomberg Jewish Community Center of Medford.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna19635589 |title=Bloomberg – America's first Jewish president?|via=NBC News |date=July 6, 2007 |agency=Associated Press |access-date=February 18, 2020 }}</ref>

Bloomberg hosted the [[Bloomberg Global Business Forum|Global Business Forum]] in 2017, during the annual meeting of the [[United Nations General Assembly]]; the gathering featured international CEOs, heads of state, and other prominent speakers.<ref name=":2">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/19/nyregion/bill-hillary-clinton-global-initiative-mike-bloomberg.html |title=As the Clintons Step Back From Global Stage, Bloomberg Steps Up |last=Goldmacher |first=Shane |date=September 19, 2017 |work=The New York Times |access-date=October 18, 2017 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/bensmith/president-mike |date=September 19, 2017 |first=Ben |last=Smith |title=The US Government-In-Exile Has A New President |work=BuzzFeed |access-date=October 18, 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thestreet.com/story/14312612/1/bloomberg-claps-back-at-trump-at-inaugural-business-forum.html |title=Bloomberg Claps Back at Trump at Inaugural Business Forum |last=Stewart |first=Emily |date=September 20, 2017 |work=TheStreet |access-date=October 18, 2017 |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2009, Bloomberg met with fellow billionaires, including Warren Buffett, Bill Gates, Ted Turner and [[Oprah Winfrey]], to address issues ranging from the [[Climate change mitigation|environment]], [[Global Healthcare|health care]] and concerns over [[Overpopulation Debate|population growth]]. Although no formal organization was established, the effort was understood to be designed to help bring various philanthropic projects of the mega-donors into a more unified effort.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/us-world/article/billionaire-club-in-bid-to-curb-overpopulation-d2fl22qhl02|title=Billionaire club in bid to curb overpopulation|last1=Angeles|first1=John Harlow}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/may/31/new-york-billionaire-philanthropists|title = They're called the Good Club – and they want to save the world|website = [[TheGuardian.com]]|date = May 30, 2009}}</ref>

=== Campaign finance controversies ===

In March 2020, during Bloomberg's presidential bid, he was sued by multiple former campaign staffers alleging fraud, and claiming that as many as 2,000 campaign staffers who were promised to be paid through the election were fired instead.<ref name="politico.com"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-23 |title=Mike Bloomberg sued over rescinded promise to pay staffers through November |url=https://theweek.com/speedreads/904251/mike-bloomberg-sued-over-rescinded-promise-pay-staffers-through-november |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-23 |title=Former staffer sues Michael Bloomberg over layoffs - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/former-staffer-sues-michael-bloomberg-over-layoffs/ |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Electoral history ==
{{Main|Electoral history of Michael Bloomberg}}

== Personal life ==
=== Family and relationships ===
In 1975, Bloomberg married Susan Elizabeth Barbara Brown, a British national from [[Yorkshire]], United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://18doors.org/interfaith_celebrities_a_former_geek_the_equestrian_author_and_an_aboriginal_jewish_doctor/ |work=Interfaith Family |title=Interfaith Celebrities: a Former Geek, the Equestrian Author, and an Aboriginal Jewish Doctor |first=Nate |last=Bloom |date=July 5, 2011 }}</ref> They have two daughters: Emma Beth (born c. 1979), and [[Georgina Bloomberg|Georgina Leigh]] (born 1983), who were featured on ''[[Born Rich (2003 film)|Born Rich]]'', a 2003 documentary film about the children of the extremely wealthy. Bloomberg divorced Brown in 1993, but he has said she remains his "best friend".<ref name=FMB /> Since 2000, Bloomberg has lived with former [[New York State Banking Department|New York state banking superintendent]] [[Diana Taylor (superintendent)|Diana Taylor]].<ref>{{cite news |title=A Mayor by Her Side, but Politics Woos Her, Too |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/04/nyregion/04diana.html |date=June 3, 2010 |first=Michael |last=Barbaro |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=September 1, 2011 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mayor Bloomberg's girlfriend Diana Taylor says no need for police escort |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/2007/12/01/2007-12-01_mayor_bloombergs_girlfriend_diana_taylor-1.html |date=December 1, 2007 |first=Heidi |last=Evans |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |access-date=September 1, 2011 |archive-date=October 13, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013091901/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/2007/12/01/2007-12-01_mayor_bloombergs_girlfriend_diana_taylor-1.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/12/nyregion/12diana.html |title=The Mayor's Lady, Her Own Woman, One and the Same |work=[[The New York Times]] |first=Diane |last=Cardwell |date=February 12, 2006 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Warren|first=Katie|title=Inside the relationship of Mike Bloomberg and his longtime partner, Diana Taylor, who met at a business lunch 20 years ago and live in a 5-story Manhattan townhouse|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/democratic-presidential-candidate-mayor-michael-bloomberg-diana-taylor-relationship-photos|access-date=2021-03-24|website=Business Insider}}</ref> Emma Bloomberg was married to Chris Frissora, son of [[Mark Frissora]],<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/12/style/weddingscelebrations-emma-bloomberg-christopher-frissora.html | title=WEDDINGS/CELEBRATIONS; Emma Bloomberg, Christopher Frissora | work=The New York Times | date=June 12, 2005 }}</ref> and they had a daughter with a hybrid surname, Frissberg.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/07/nyregion/bloombergs-granddaughter-gets-hybrid-surname.html | title=Bloomberg's Granddaughter Gets a Hybrid Surname | work=The New York Times | date=July 6, 2015 | last1=Grynbaum | first1=Michael M. }}</ref>

Bloomberg's younger sister, Marjorie Tiven, has been commissioner of the New York City Commission for the United Nations, Consular Corps, and Protocol, since February 2002.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/unccp/html/key_personnel/bio_tiven.shtml |title=Commissioner Marjorie B. Tiven, Office of the Mayor, Commission for the United Nations Consular Corps & Protocol |publisher=Nyc.gov |date=February 16, 2011 |access-date=April 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126123853/https://www.nyc.gov/html/unccp/html/key_personnel/bio_tiven.shtml |archive-date=November 26, 2013}}</ref>

=== Relations with the Sackler family ===
During the [[opioid epidemic in the United States]], [[Mortimer Sackler]] — son of a co-founder of the company, [[Purdue Pharma]], and a member of its board, met with Bloomberg to "seek his help and guidance on the current issues we are facing". Purdue's head of communications, Josephine Martin, added "Any positive news or ability to get our side out is through Bloomberg. We have given them exclusives and they have treated us very well." Bloomberg also advised Mortimer Sackler to consult [[Stu Loeser]] to help manage communications.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dreier |first=Hannah |date=2020-02-27 |title=When the Billionaire Family Behind the Opioid Crisis Needed PR Help, They Turned to Mike Bloomberg |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/bloomberg-sacklers-opioid-crisis-public-relations |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=ProPublica |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Sarah |date=2020-02-29 |title=Bloomberg's Alleged Aid for the Sackler Family Should Come As No Surprise |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2020/02/bloombergs-alleged-aid-to-sacklers-should-be-no-surprise.html |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=Intelligencer |language=en-us}}</ref>

=== Religion ===
Although he attended [[Hebrew school]], had a [[bar mitzvah]], and his family kept a [[kosher]] kitchen, Bloomberg today lives a mostly secular religious life, attending synagogue mainly during the [[High Holidays]] and a [[Passover Seder]] with his sister, Marjorie Tiven.<ref name=JTAJewishness>{{cite news |title='Focus' on Bloomberg's Jewishness |url=https://www.jta.org/2010/08/31/culture/focus-on-bloombergs-jewishness |date=August 31, 2010 |first=Ami |last=Eden |work=[[Jewish Telegraph Agency]] |quote=The mayor had a bar mitzvah, a Jewish rite of passage, but neither of his two daughters had bar mitzvahs. The mayor's ex-wife, Susan Bloomberg, whose mother was Jewish, "kind of raised us to be Church of England", though the family celebrated the major Jewish holidays, the mayor's youngest daughter, Georgina, said in a 2009 biography of her father. The mayor's longtime companion, Diana Taylor, is not Jewish. |access-date=August 19, 2017}}</ref> Neither of his daughters had bat mitzvahs, nor does either daughter follow a religiously Jewish lifestyle, such as abiding kosher dietary restrictions or keeping the Jewish sabbath.<ref name=JTAJewishness />

=== Public image and lifestyle ===

Throughout his business career, Bloomberg has made numerous statements which have been considered by some to be insulting, derogatory, sexist or misogynistic. When working on Wall Street in the 1960s and 1970s, Bloomberg claimed in his 1997 autobiography, he had "a girlfriend in every city".<ref>{{cite news |author=Kranish, Michael |date=February 15, 2020 |title=Mike Bloomberg for years has battled women's allegations of profane, sexist comments |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2020/politics/michael-bloomberg-women/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215231238/https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2020/politics/michael-bloomberg-women/ |archive-date=February 15, 2020 |access-date=February 17, 2020 |newspaper=The Washington Post |department=Politics}}

In a 1996 interview with ''[[The Guardian]]'' about being a newly divorced bachelor, Bloomberg said, "I like theater, dining and chasing women. Let me put it this way: I am a single, straight billionaire in Manhattan. What do you think? It's a wet dream."</ref><ref name="bi">{{cite news |last=Relman |first=Eliza |date=November 14, 2019 |title=Michael Bloomberg's past comments about women and rape will likely haunt him on the 2020 campaign trail |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/michael-bloombergs-comments-about-women-and-rape-will-haunt-him-2019-11 |access-date=November 14, 2019 |work=Business Insider}}</ref> On various occasions, Bloomberg allegedly commented, "I'd do her", regarding certain women, some of whom were co-workers or employees. Bloomberg later said that by "do", he meant that he would have a personal relationship with the woman.<ref name="atlantic">{{cite news |last=Garber |first=Megan |date=September 19, 2018 |title="I'd Do Her": Mike Bloomberg and the Underbelly of #MeToo |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2018/09/mike-bloomberg-comments-women-metoo/570448/ |access-date=October 30, 2019 |work=Atlantic}}</ref>

During his term as mayor, he lived at his own home on the [[Upper East Side]] of [[Manhattan]], instead of [[Gracie Mansion]], the official mayoral residence.<ref>{{cite news |first=Chris |last=Smith |url=https://nymag.com/nymetro/news/people/features/14573/ |title=The Mayor and His Money |work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |date=September 26, 2005 |access-date=February 18, 2020 }}</ref> In 2013, he owned 13 properties in various countries around the world, including a $20 million [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] mansion in [[Southampton, New York]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/city-hall/story/2013/05/bloomberg-grows-his-hamptons-estate-reveals-overseas-bank-accounts-000000 |title=Bloomberg grows his Hamptons estate, reveals overseas bank accounts |work=[[Politico]] |last=Rubinstein |first=Dana |date=May 23, 2013 |access-date=February 20, 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/bloombers-hamptons-manse_n_904363 |title=Bloomberg Buys Southampton 'Ballyshear Estate' For $20 Million |work=The Huffington Post |date=July 20, 2011 |access-date=July 29, 2015 }}</ref> In 2015, he acquired [[4 Cheyne Walk]], a historical property in [[Cheyne Walk]], [[Chelsea, London]], which once belonged to writer [[George Eliot]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/jul/28/michael-bloomberg-buys-16m-house-in-exclusive-london-street |title=Michael Bloomberg buys £16m house in exclusive London street |work=The Guardian |date=July 28, 2015 |access-date=July 29, 2015 }}</ref> Bloomberg and his daughters own houses in [[Bermuda]], and stay there frequently.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/26/nyregion/26bermuda.html |title=New York's Mayor, but Bermuda Shares Custody |first=Michael |last=Barbaro |date=April 25, 2010 |access-date=January 20, 2018 |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2010/04/26/nyregion/20100426BERMUDA_index.html |title=Bloomberg's Bermuda |date=August 22, 2015 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=January 20, 2018 |url-access=limited}}</ref>

Bloomberg stated that during his mayoralty, he rode the [[New York City Subway]] on a daily basis, particularly in the commute from his 79th Street home to his office at [[New York City Hall|City Hall]]. An August 2007 story in ''[[The New York Times]]'' stated that he was often seen chauffeured by two [[New York Police Department]]-owned SUVs to an express train station to avoid having to change from the local to the express trains on the [[IRT Lexington Avenue Line]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Grynbaum|first=Michael M.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/01/nyregion/01bloomberg.html|title=Mayor Takes the Subway – by Way of S.U.V.|date=August 1, 2007|newspaper=The New York Times|url-access=limited}}</ref> He supported the construction of the [[7 Subway Extension]] and the [[Second Avenue Subway]]; in December 2013, Bloomberg took a ceremonial ride on a train to the new [[34th Street (IRT Flushing Line)|34th Street]] station to celebrate a part of his legacy as mayor.<ref>{{cite news |title=Three cheers for the No. 7 extension |url=https://nypost.com/2013/12/20/mayor-mikes-hudson-yards-feat |date=December 20, 2013 |work=New York Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/bloomberg-sneak-ride-7-line-extension-article-1.1554643 |title=Mayor Bloomberg gets ride on No. 7 subway line extension he championed |work=Daily News |location=New York |date=October 21, 2013 |access-date=December 22, 2013 |archive-date=December 22, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131222004314/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/bloomberg-sneak-ride-7-line-extension-article-1.1554643 }}</ref>

During his tenure as mayor, Bloomberg made cameos, playing himself in the films ''[[The Adjustment Bureau]]'' and ''[[New Year's Eve (2011 film)|New Year's Eve]]'', as well as in episodes of ''[[30 Rock]]'', ''[[Curb Your Enthusiasm]]'', ''[[The Good Wife]]'', and two episodes of ''[[Law & Order]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0089255/ |title=Michael Bloomberg |work=IMDb |access-date=February 12, 2020}}</ref>

Bloomberg is a private pilot.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/10/nyregion/10collide.html |title=Airspace Above Hudson a Highway With Few Signs |date=August 10, 2009 |work=The New York Times |url-access=limited}}</ref> He owns six airplanes: three [[Dassault Falcon 900]]s, a [[Beechcraft Super King Air#Super King Air 300/350|Beechcraft B300]], a [[Pilatus PC-24]], and a [[Cessna 182 Skylane]]. Bloomberg also owns two helicopters: an [[AW109]], and an [[Airbus Helicopters|Airbus helicopter]];<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/newsletters/playbook-pm/2020/02/19/exodus-at-the-pentagon-488363|website=Politico|title=Politico Playbook PM: Exodus at the Pentagon|first1=Jake|last1=Sherman|first2=Anna|last2=Palmer|first3=Garrett|last3=Ross|first4=Eli|last4=Okun|date=February 19, 2020|access-date=February 22, 2020}}</ref> and, as of 2012, was near the top of the waiting list for an [[AW609]] tiltrotor aircraft.<ref name=nyt609>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/13/nyregion/in-mayor-bloombergs-jet-setting-heart-a-love-for-helicopters.html |first=Christine |last=Haughney |title=In His Helicopter, Bloomberg Can Rule Skies, and Even Get to Albany |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 12, 2012 |access-date=April 17, 2012 |url-access=limited}}</ref> In his youth, he was a licensed [[amateur radio operator]], was proficient in [[Morse code]], and built [[ham radio]]s.<ref>{{cite web |first=Michael |last=Bloomberg |url=http://sciencefriday.com/segment/04/06/2012/new-york-city-s-mayor-is-a-geek-at-heart.html |title=New York City's Mayor is a Geek at Heart |publisher=Sciencefriday.com |date=April 6, 2012 |access-date=April 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425231740/https://sciencefriday.com/segment/04/06/2012/new-york-city-s-mayor-is-a-geek-at-heart.html |archive-date=April 25, 2014}}</ref>

Bloomberg's fortune is managed by [[Willett Advisors]], an investment firm that serves as his [[family office]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chung |first=Juliet |date=2017-03-07 |title=Michael Bloomberg's Money Manager Steps Down |language=en-US |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/michael-bloombergs-money-manager-steps-down-1488900243 |access-date=2023-11-25 |issn=0099-9660}}</ref>

== Awards and honors ==
Bloomberg has received [[honorary degree]]s from [[Tufts University]] (2007),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tufts.edu/home/feature/?p=commencement2007&p4=4 |title=Commencement Address: New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513024110/https://www.tufts.edu/home/feature/?p=commencement2007&p4=4 |archive-date=May 13, 2012 |publisher=Tufts University |date=May 20, 2007 }}</ref> [[Bard College]] (2007),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bard.edu/commencement/2007/bloomberg_speech.shtml |title=Bard Commencement Address |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027080508/http://www.bard.edu/commencement/2007/bloomberg_speech.shtml |archive-date=October 27, 2012 |publisher=Bard College|date=May 26, 2007 }}</ref> [[Rockefeller University]] (2007),<ref>{{cite web|author=Talley Henning Brown|url=https://www.rockefeller.edu/news/516-bloomberg-wilson-receive-honorary-degrees/|title=Bloomberg, Wilson receive honorary degrees|date=July 13, 2007|publisher=Rockefeller University}}</ref> the [[University of Pennsylvania]] (2008),<ref>{{cite web |first=Kathy |last=Wang |url=https://www.thedp.com/article/2008/02/bloomberg_to_address_graduates |title=Bloomberg to address graduates |work=The Daily Pennsylvanian |date=February 19, 2008 }}</ref> [[Fordham University]] (2009),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fordham.edu/info/26213/past_honorary_degree_recipients |title=Past Honorary Degree Recipients |publisher=Fordham University |access-date=January 20, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fordham.edu/Campus_Resources/eNewsroom/topstories_1557.asp |title=Mayor Michael Bloomberg's Commencement Remarks |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203002543/http://www.fordham.edu/Campus_Resources/eNewsroom/topstories_1557.asp |archive-date=December 3, 2013 |publisher=Fordham University|date=May 16, 2009 }}</ref> [[Williams College]] (2014),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://commencement.williams.edu/michael-r-bloomberg-commencement-speaker/ |title=Michael R. Bloomberg, Commencement Speaker |website=williams.edu |date=June 9, 2014 |access-date=February 18, 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://communications.williams.edu/news-releases/3_19_2014_honorarydegree/ |date=March 19, 2014 |first=Noelle |last=Lemoine |title=Williams College Announces its 2014 Honorary Degree Recipients |website=Williams College}}</ref> [[Harvard University]] (2014),<ref>{{cite web |last=Reuell |first=Peter |title=Eight to receive honorary degrees |website=Harvard Gazette |date=October 18, 2010 |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2014/05/eight-to-receive-honorary-degrees/ |access-date=September 17, 2015}}</ref> the [[University of Michigan]] (2016),<ref>{{cite web|author=James Iseler|url=https://record.umich.edu/articles/commencement-speaker-bloomberg-calls-out-intolerance-demagoguery/|title=Commencement speaker Bloomberg calls out intolerance, demagoguery|work=The University Record|publisher=University of Michigan|date=April 30, 2016}}</ref> [[Villanova University]] (2017),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www1.villanova.edu/villanova/media/pressreleases/2017/0426.html|title=Michael R. Bloomberg, Founder of Bloomberg L.P., Philanthropist and Three-Term Mayor of New York City, to Deliver Villanova University's 2017 Commencement Address | Villanova University|website=www1.villanova.edu|access-date=March 2, 2020|archive-date=March 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302205443/https://www1.villanova.edu/villanova/media/pressreleases/2017/0426.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Washington University in St. Louis]] (2019).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://source.wustl.edu/2019/05/seven-to-receive-honorary-degrees-at-washington-universitys-158th-commencement/ |title=Seven to receive honorary degrees at Washington University's 158th Commencement|publisher=Washington University in St. Louis |date=May 3, 2019 |website=The Source |language=en-US |access-date=July 22, 2019}}</ref>

Bloomberg was the speaker for [[Princeton University]]'s 2011 [[baccalaureate service]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Ian |last=Cahir |url=https://www.princeton.edu/news/2011/05/29/bloomberg-urges-seniors-follow-path-service |title=Bloomberg urges seniors to follow a path of service |website=princeton.edu |date=May 29, 2011 |access-date=February 18, 2020 }}</ref>

On May 27, 2010, Bloomberg delivered the commencement speech at his alma mater, [[Johns Hopkins University]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/231-10/mayor-michael-bloomberg-delivers-remarks-the-johns-hopkins-university-2010-commencement |title=Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg Delivers Remarks At The Johns Hopkins University 2010 Commencement Ceremony |website=The Official Website of the City of New York |date=May 27, 2010 |author=Michael Bloomberg |access-date=June 25, 2020 |archive-date=July 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703024914/https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/231-10/mayor-michael-bloomberg-delivers-remarks-the-johns-hopkins-university-2010-commencement |url-status=dead }}</ref> In addition, he was invited to and delivered guest remarks for the Johns Hopkins Class of 2020. Other notable guest speakers during the virtual ceremony included Reddit co-founder and Commencement speaker [[Alexis Ohanian]]; [[Anthony Fauci]], director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and a leading member of the White House Coronavirus Task Force; and senior class president Pavan Patel<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2020/05/21/commencement-2020-main/
|title= Senior class president Pavan Patel said the Class of 2020 is "ready to make its mark" |website=Johns Hopkins University |date=May 21, 2020 |author=Hub staff report |access-date= June 25, 2020}}</ref>
In 2022, Bloomberg was awarded the [[Asia Game Changer Awards|Asia Game Changer Award]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Nanette Medved-Po to receive prestigious leadership award in New York|url=https://tribune.net.ph/2022/10/13/nanette-medved-po-to-receive-prestigious-leadership-award-in-new-york|date=13 October 2022|website=Daily Tribune}}</ref>

Bloomberg has received the [[Yale School of Management]]'s Award for Distinguished Leadership in Global Capital Markets (2003);<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mba.yale.edu/news_events/CMS/Articles/1350.shtml |title=Yale School of Management Honors Michael R. Bloomberg for Distinguished Leadership in Global Capital Markets |publisher=Yale University |date=February 10, 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514140252/http://mba.yale.edu/news_events/CMS/Articles/1350.shtml |archive-date=May 14, 2013 }}</ref> Golden Plate Award of the [[American Academy of Achievement]] presented by [[Ehud Barak]] (2004);<ref>{{cite web|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#business}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=2004 Summit Highlights Photo: Former Prime Minister of Israel Ehud Barak presents the American Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award to Michael R. Bloomberg, Founder and CEO of Bloomberg L.P. during a ceremony held at Chicago's Field Museum.|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url= https://achievement.org/summit/2004/}}</ref> [[Barnard College]]'s Barnard Medal of Distinction (2008);<ref>{{cite web |url=http://barnard.edu/commencement/archives/past-speakers-medalists|title=Past Speakers and Medalists|publisher=Barnard College|access-date=April 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418211241/http://www.barnard.edu/commencement/archives/past-speakers-medalists |archive-date=April 18, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> the [[Robert Wood Johnson Foundation]] [[Leadership for Healthy Communities]]' Healthy Communities Leadership Award (2009);<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1680207/top_policy_groups_take_action_to_create_healthy_communities_prevent |title=Top Policy Groups Take Action to Create Healthy Communities, Prevent Childhood Obesity |url-status=dead |website=redorbit.com |date=April 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525041044/http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1680207/top_policy_groups_take_action_to_create_healthy_communities_prevent/ |archive-date=May 25, 2013 }}</ref> and the [[Jefferson Awards Foundation]]'s U.S. Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official (2010).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.multiplyinggood.org/what-we-do/jefferson-awards/past-award-recipients |title=Past Award Recipients: Our National Winners |website=JeffersonAwards.org |access-date=February 19, 2020 }}</ref> He was the [[2014 Genesis Prize|inaugural laureate]] of the annual [[Genesis Prize]] for Jewish values in 2013,<ref>{{cite news |last=Fitzsimmons |first=Emma G. |title=Bloomberg Is First to Receive a $1 Million Jewish Award |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/21/nyregion/bloomberg-is-first-to-receive-a-1-million-jewish-award.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 20, 2013 |url-access=limited}}</ref> and donated the $1 million prize money to a global competition, the Genesis Generation Challenge, to identify young adults' big ideas to better the world.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bloomberg to give away $1m. Genesis Prize to fund big ideas based on Jewish values |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/bloomberg-to-give-away-1m-genesis-prize-to-fund-big-ideas-based-on-jewish-values |first=Gabriel |last=Cohen |agency=JTA |work=The Times of Israel |date=May 22, 2014 |access-date=February 20, 2020 }}</ref>

Bloomberg was named the 39th most influential person in the world in the 2007 and 2008 [[Time 100]].<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Robert F. Jr. |last=Kennedy |url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1733748_1733754_1735904,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822203709/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1733748_1733754_1735904,00.html |title=The 2008 TIME 100 |magazine=Time |date=April 30, 2009 |archive-date=August 22, 2013 }}</ref> In 2009, Bloomberg was awarded the [[Lasker Award]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Torrice|first=Michael|title=Mayor Bloomberg Feted with Health Prize|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/mayor-bloomberg-feted-health-prize|date=14 September 2009|website=Science}}</ref> In 2010, ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'' ranked him #7 in its "Vanity Fair 100" list of influential figures.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Alan |last1=Deutschman |first2=Peter |last2=Newcomb |first3=Richard |last3=Siklos |first4=Duff |last4=McDonald |first5=Jessica |last5=Flint |first6=Adrienne |last6=Gaffney |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2010/10/the-vf-100-201010 |title=The Vanity Fair 100 |work=vanityfair.com |date=September 1, 2010 }}</ref>

Bloomberg received a Lifetime Achievement award from the [[Webby Awards]] in 2012.<ref>{{cite news|last=Faircloth|first=Kelly|title=What Does Mike Bloomberg Have in Common with Louis C.K. and Bjork|url=https://observer.com/2012/05/what-does-mike-bloomberg-have-in-common-with-louis-ck-and-bjork/|date=15 May 2012|website=The Observer}}</ref> In 2013, the [[Tony Awards]] gave Bloomberg the [[Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre|Excellence in Theatre Award]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Gardner|first=Elysa|title=New York's Mayor Bloomberg gets his own Tony Award|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/theater/2013/06/08/mayor-bloomberg-receives-tony-award/2404085/|date=8 June 2013|website=USA Today}}</ref>

In 2014, Queen [[Elizabeth II]] appointed Bloomberg an [[Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] for his "prodigious entrepreneurial and philanthropic endeavors, and the many ways in which they have benefited the United Kingdom and the U.K.-U.S. special relationship."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Flegenheimer |first1=Matt |title=Bloomberg Is Honored (But Don't Call Him Sir) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/07/nyregion/bloomberg-named-an-honorary-knight.html |access-date=October 7, 2014 |newspaper=The New York Times |issue=56,647 |date=October 7, 2014 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}}</ref> The [[League of Conservation Voters]] awarded Bloomberg the Lifetime Achievement Award in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|title=League of Conservation Voters Honors Mike Bloomberg with Lifetime Achievement Award|url=https://whcinsider.com/2018/10/03/league-of-conservation-voters-honors-mike-bloomberg-with-lifetime-achievement-award/|date=3 October 2018|website=WHC Insider}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Roberts|first=Alyssa|title=LCV Honors Michael Bloomberg with Lifetime Achievement Award|url=https://www.lcv.org/media-center/lcv-honors-michael-bloomberg-lifetime-achievement-award/|date=3 October 2018|website=LCV}}</ref> He was the recipient of the [[Samuel J. Heyman Service to America Medals|Heyman Service to America Medal]] in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|last=Gardner|first=Chris|title=Chris Evans to Receive Spirit of Service Award|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/politics-news/chris-evans-a-starting-point-spirit-of-service-award-1235938038/|date=2 July 2024|website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Micael Bloomberg and Outstanding Federal Workers to be honored at 2019 Service to America Medals Gala|url= https://hasbrouck.org/draft/FOIA/2019SammiesMediaAdvisoryFinal.pdf|date=19 October 2019|website=Hasbrouch.org}}</ref>

In 2024, President [[Joe Biden]] awarded Bloomberg the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]], the Nation's highest civilian honor.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":8" />

In January 2025 Bloomberg was awarded the Department of the Navy Distinguished Public Service Award.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SECNAV Del Toro Presents Mike Bloomberg with the Distinguished Public Service Award |url=https://www.navy.mil/Press-Office/Press-Releases/display-pressreleases/Article/4027904/secnav-del-toro-presents-mike-bloomberg-with-the-distinguished-public-service-a/ |access-date=2025-01-14 |website=United States Navy |language=en-US}}</ref>

In March 2025, [[Time Magazine]] awarded Bloomberg the Earth Award<ref>{{cite news|last=Lotmore|first=Mario|title=Former Governor Inslee honored with Time Magazine's 2025 Earth Award|url=https://lynnwoodtimes.com/2025/03/30/inslee-time/|website=Lynnwood Times}}</ref> for his ongoing environmental work including the closure of 300 coal-fired power plants across America, a 20% reduction in N.Y.'s emissions, and donating over $1 billion to climate causes.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Worland|first=Justin|title=Michael Bloomberg's Billion-Dollar Climate Bet Is Paying Off|url=https://time.com/collections/earth-awards-2025/7270320/michael-bloomberg/|date=27 March 2025|magazine=Time}}</ref>

== Books and other works ==
Bloomberg, with [[Matthew Winkler (journalist)|Matthew Winkler]], wrote an autobiography, ''Bloomberg by Bloomberg'', published in 1997 by [[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]].<ref>Michael R. Bloomberg, ''Bloomberg by Bloomberg'' (Wiley, 1997).</ref> A second edition was released in 2019, ahead of Bloomberg's presidential run.<ref>Ben Fountain, [https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2019/05/23/howard-schultz-michael-bloomberg-billionaires/ Book Review: O Billionaires!], ''New Yorker'' (May 23, 2019).</ref><ref>Aaron Timms, [https://www.institutionalinvestor.com/article/b1cymwd84kwwlg/Michael-Bloomberg-Earned-48-Billion-and-Eternal-Adoration-From-Wall-Street-But-Does-Anyone-Else-Want-Him-to-Be-President Michael Bloomberg Earned $48 Billion and Eternal Adoration From Wall Street. But Does Anyone Else Want Him to Be President?], ''Institutional Investor'' (February 1, 2019).</ref> Bloomberg and former Sierra Club Executive Director [[Carl Pope (environmentalist)|Carl Pope]] co-authored ''[[Climate of Hope]]: How Cities, Businesses, and Citizens Can Save the Planet'' (2017), published by [[St. Martin's Press]]; the book appeared on the [[The New York Times Best Seller list|''New York Times'' hardcover nonfiction best-seller list]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2016/12/exclusive-look-at-michael-bloomberg-and-carl-popes-new-book.html |title=An Exclusive Look at Michael Bloomberg and Carl Pope's Book on Climate Change |date=December 21, 2016 |newspaper=Daily Intelligencer |access-date=December 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/2017/05/14/hardcover-nonfiction/ |title=Hardcover Nonfiction Books – Best Sellers |date=May 14, 2017 |access-date=August 9, 2017 |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> Bloomberg has written a number of [[op-ed]]s in ''The New York Times'' about various issues, including an op-ed supporting state and local efforts to fight [[climate change]] (2017),<ref>Michael R. Bloomberg, [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/31/opinion/climate-progress-with-or-without-trump.html Climate Progress, With or Without Trump], ''New York Times'' (March 31, 2017).</ref> an op-ed about his donation of $1.8 billion in financial aid for college students and support for [[need-blind admission]] policies (2018);<ref>Michael R. Bloomberg, [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/18/opinion/bloomberg-college-donation-financial-aid.html Michael Bloomberg: Why I'm Giving $1.8 Billion for College Financial Aid], ''New York Times'' (November 18, 2018).</ref> an op-ed supporting a ban on flavored [[e-cigarette]]s (2019);<ref>Michael R. Bloomberg & Matt Myers, [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/10/opinion/vape-deaths-children-bloomberg.html Ban Flavored E-Cigarettes to Protect Our Children], ''New York Times'' (September 10, 2019).</ref> and an op-ed supporting policies to reduce [[economic inequality]] (2020).<ref>Michael R. Bloomberg, [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/06/opinion/mike-bloomberg-tax-2020.html Fixing Inequality Is My Priority], ''New York Times'' (February 6, 2020).</ref>

== See also ==
{{portal|Biography|New York City|Politics}}
* [[List of Harvard University people]]
* [[List of Johns Hopkins University people]]
* [[List of people from Boston]]
* [[List of philanthropists]]
* [[List of richest American politicians]]
* [[Timeline of New York City#21st century|Timeline of New York City]], 2000s–2010s

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |jstor=j.ctt46njt6 |last=Brash |first=Julian |title=Bloomberg's New York: Class and Governance in the Luxury City |publisher=[[University of Georgia Press]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8203-3566-7 }} Uses anthropology and geography to examine the mayor's corporate-style governance, with particular attention to the Hudson Yards plan, which aims to transform the far West Side into a high-end district.
* Brash, Julian. "The ghost in the machine: the neoliberal urban visions of Michael Bloomberg." ''Journal of Cultural Geography'' 29.2 (2012): 135–153.
* {{cite journal |doi=10.1080/08873631.2012.687535 |title=The ghost in the machine: The neoliberal urban visions of Michael Bloomberg |journal=Journal of Cultural Geography |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=135–153 |year=2012 |last1=Brash |first1=Julian |s2cid=144586994 |issn=0887-3631 }}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XJfWY9pmfJkC |title = Modern New York: The Life and Economics of a City|isbn = 978-1-137-00040-8|last1 = David|first1 = Greg|date = April 10, 2012| publisher=St. Martin's Publishing }}
* {{cite journal |doi=10.1007/s12115-014-9772-3 |title=Nanny Bloomberg |journal=Society |volume=51 |issue=3 |pages=253–257 |year=2014 |last1=Klein |first1=Richard |s2cid=189869991 }}
* McNickle, Chris. ''Bloomberg: A Billionaire's Ambition'' (Simon and Schuster, 2017), scholarly study of mayoralty [https://books.google.com/books?id=OjaCDwAAQBAJ&dq=mcnickle++Bloomberg&pg=PA1401 online]
* Randolph, Eleanor. ''The many lives of Michael Bloomberg'' (Simon & Schuster, 2021) [https://books.google.com/books?id=Hn0eEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Michael+Bloomberg%22&pg=PA1 online].

===Primary sources===
* Bloomberg, Michael R. ''Bloomberg by Bloomberg'' (2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, 2019) [https://books.google.com/books?id=GIV1DwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Michael+Bloomberg%22&pg=PR7 online].
* Bloomberg, Michael R. et al. ''The Mayor's Management Report: 2011'' . [https://www.capalino.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/0211_mmr.pdf online]

== External links ==
{{Sister project links|commonscat=yes|s=no|wikt=no|v=no|b=no}}
* [http://www.mikebloomberg.com/ Mike Bloomberg] official website
* [https://www.bloomberg.org/team/michael-bloomberg/ Mike Blomberg biography] at [[Bloomberg Philanthropies]]
* [http://www.ontheissues.org/Mike_Bloomberg.htm Issue positions and quotes] at [[On the Issues]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131123133633/http://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/index.page Office of the Mayor of New York City] (Archived November 23, 2013)
* {{C-SPAN|42788}}
* {{Guardian topic}}
* {{NYTtopic|people/b/michael_r_bloomberg}}

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{{2020 United States presidential election}}
{{Mayors of New York City}}
{{Republican NYC mayoral nominees}}
{{Bloomberg|state=collapsed}}
{{Wealthiest people in the United States}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bloomberg, Michael}}
[[Category:Michael Bloomberg| ]]
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[[Category:21st-century American non-fiction writers]]
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[[Category:Writers from Boston]]
[[Category:Writers from Manhattan]]

Denis Vidal

2026-03-10T01:12:09Z

Drsuruchipuri: Creating Initial Stub and Citations.

{{short description|French anthropologist}}
{{MOS|date=July 2024}}{{Infobox academic
| name = Denis Vidal
| honorific_suffix =
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| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1954|07|04}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Denis Vidal |work=[[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] |place=Paris, France |url=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121097341 |access-date=25 May 2021}}</ref>
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| occupation = Anthropologist
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| education = [[Doctor of Philosophy]]
| alma_mater = [[Institut de recherche pour le développement]]
| thesis_title = Le Culte des Divinités Locales dans une Région de l'Himachal Pradesh
| thesis_url =
| thesis_year = November 1981
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| doctoral_advisor = {{ill|Charles Malamoud|fr|Charles Malamoud}}
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| discipline = Anthropology
| sub_discipline = Social anthropology
| workplaces = {{br separated entries|Associate professor at the [[School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences]]|Research director at Institut de recherche pour le développement}}
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'''Denis Vidal''' (born 4 July 1954) is a French anthropologist with a doctorate degree from the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes and the Université de Nanterre. He is an associate professor at the EHESS [[School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences]] and a senior research fellow (Directeur de recherche) at the Institut de recherche pour le développement.<ref name="RKPDM">{{cite book|title=Arts and Aesthetics in a Globalizing World|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2020|isbn=978-1000189650|editor1-last=Kaur|editor1-first=Raminder|editor1-link=Raminder Kaur|place=London, UK|section=Notes on Contributors|oclc=1155638013|quote=Denis Vidal is a social anthropologist, a Senior Research Fellow at IRD (URMIS-Paris Diderot) and an Associate Professor at the Musée du Quai Branly and at Hautes études en Sciences Sociales, Paris. His current research focuses on visual culture and on new ways of approaching technology from an anthropological perspective.|orig-year=First published 2014|editor2-last=Dave-Mukherji|editor2-first=Parul|quote-page=9}}</ref>

==Education and career==
Vidal completed his Ph.D. in 1983 at the EPHE and the University of Nanterre, under the supervision of {{ill|Charles Malamoud|fr|Charles Malamoud}}, with a doctoral thesis titled 'Le Culte des Divinités Locales dans une Région de l'Himachal Pradesh (The Cult of Local Divinities in a Region of Himachal Pradesh)'.<ref>{{cite web|title=Inventaire des thèses de doctorat Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 73 ( 1983 ) . Th . 3e cycle : Ethnologic : E.H.E.S.S. : 1983 . 951. VIDAL ( Denis ) . - LE CULTE DES DIVINITES LOCALES DANS UNE REGION DE L'HIMACHAL PRADESH: and he published it at the Institut Français de Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement en Coopération in 1988, Volume 38 |first=Denis |last=Vidal |date=November 1988 |publisher=[[ORSTOM]] |place=France |language=fr |oclc=462316096 |s2cid=126554106 |url=https://hal.ird.fr/ird-01292755/file/Divinite%CC%81s%20locales%20del'Himachal%20Pradesh%20.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |journal=European Bulletin of Himalayan Research, 29–30 |year=2006 |publisher=[[French National Centre for Scientific Research]] (France); Social Science Baha (Nepal) |via=University of Cambridge, UK |issn=0943-8254 |editor1-first=Martin |editor1-last=Gaenzle |editor2-first=András |editor2-last=Höfer |editor3-first=Elvira |editor3-last=Graner |editor4-first=Michael |editor4-last=Hutt |editor5-first=David |editor5-last=Gellner |editor6-first=Ben |editor6-last=Campbell |editor7-first=Mark |editor7-last=Turin |editor4-link=Michael Hutt (academic and translator) |editor7-link=Mark Turin |display-editors=4 |title=Notes on Contributors |url=http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ebhr/pdf/EBHR_29&30_full.pdf |quote-page=6 |quote=He worked in Himachal Pradesh in the 1980's and his Phd thesis (1989) is about the cult of local divinities in Himachal Pradesh.}}</ref>

==Research==
Vidal is a social anthropologist.<ref name="RKPDM"/> He is serving as a research director at the Institut de recherche pour le développement,<ref>{{cite web |title=SÉANCE ANNULÉE / Mythes et Machines - Robotique et Intelligence Artificielle : Penser la Technologie Aujourd'hui |work=[[French Academy of Sciences]] |place=Paris, France |url=https://www.academie-sciences.fr/fr/Colloques-conferences-et-debats/mythes-et-machines-robotique-et-ia.html |date=31 March 2020 |access-date=25 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Journée d'Étude de la Chaire L'Humain au Défi du Numérique: Numérique et Diversité Culturelle |work=[[Collège des Bernardins]] |place=Paris, France |url=https://media.collegedesbernardins.fr/content/pdf/Recherche/synthese-numerique-diversitee-culturelle-juin-2017.pdf |date=23 February 2017 |access-date=25 May 2021}}</ref> and as the assistant director at the Paris branch of the Migrations and Society Research Unit (URMIS).<ref>{{cite web |title=Staff |work=Migrations and Society Research Unit |place=France |url=https://www.urmis.fr/en/staff/ |access-date=25 May 2021}}</ref>

Vidal has been exploring India since his doctoral studies. Some of his research works on India include the "archival exploration" of [[Sirohi State]] and his studies on the "economic organisation of the [[bazaar]]", the social and religious anthropology of the Himalayas, and "visual culture of the old city of Delhi".<ref name="IFP">{{cite periodical |periodical=Social Sciences Winter School in Pondicherry |edition=5th |title=Heritage, Communities, Sustainability: Methodological and Theoretical Approaches in Social Sciences Research |date=December 2019 |publisher=[[French Institute of Pondicherry]] |place=Pondicherry, India |url=https://www.ifpindia.org/media/documents/12_2019_SSWSP_Booklet.pdf |at=Bios of Trainers and Coordinators |quote-page=57 |quote=He has been researching on India since his doctoral thesis on the worship of local deities in Himachal Pradesh. His works include an ethnohistorical exploration on a small kingdom of Rajasthan (Sirohi), an anthropology of feuds in the Himalayas, studies about local markets, the economic organisation of indian bazaars and the visual culture of the old city of Delhi. Currently, he is conducting research in collaboration with Dr. Balusubramanian (IFP-Pondicherry) on the artisanal construction of wooden cargo ships in Tamil Nadu.}}</ref> He delved into the disputed contest over the [[Basmati#Patent battle|patent rights of Basmati rice]] between India and the United States.<ref>{{cite book |title=Globalizing India: Perspectives from Below |series=Anthem South Asian Studies |edition=illustrated |year=2005 |pages=1–14 |publisher=Anthem |place=London, UK |contribution=Introduction |first1=Jackie |last1=Assayag |first2=Christopher John |last2=Fuller |author2-link=Chris Fuller (academic) |isbn=978-1843311959 |lccn=2005031966 |oclc=742639689 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3juHflkUCF4C&pg=PA7}}</ref> Vidal has also explored "new ways of approaching technology from an anthropological perspective".<ref name="RKPDM"/> In 2019, Vidal, along with D. Balasubramanian, carried out a study on the building of wooden cargo ships in India's [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="IFP"/>

===Berenson (Robot)===
Vidal and Philippe Gaussier co-developed a "robot art critic" dubbed Berenson (after the art critic [[Bernard Berenson]]). Berenson can take note of the reactions of people to art works and employ its [[neural network]] to learn from their reactions in order to develop its own aesthetic preferences and to express them through facial expressions.<ref>{{cite thesis |type=M. A. |title=ROVER: The Reactive Observant Vacuous Emotive Robot |chapter=Related Work: Robots in Media Arts – Contemporary Robotic Art |first=Hannah |last=Wolfe |date=July 2016 |publisher=University of California, Santa Barbara |place=Santa Barbara, California, USA |chapter-url=https://mat.ucsb.edu/Masters/Hannah_Wolfes_Masters_Thesis.pdf |quote-page=28 |quote=Berenson, named after Bernard Berenson, is a robot art critic by anthropologist Denis Vidal and robotics engineer Philippe Gaussier. (see Figure 2.9) The critic observes viewers' reactions to art and learns what is "good" and "bad" art. Then he moves toward art works that are "good" and smiles at them, and frowns at "bad" art. This robot uses a neural network to learn. (Pangburn 2016)}}</ref>

=== Museum exhibitions===

Vidal has been one of the curators of the exhibition Persona (Musée du Quai Branly, Paris, January - October 2016,<ref name="actes-sud.fr">{{Cite web|url=http://www.actes-sud.fr/node/54234|title = Persona, étrangement humain | Actes Sud}}</ref> and of the permanent exhibition on robotics at the Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie, Paris (opening in April 2019) <ref>Laumond J.P., Vidal Denis, Boutin A.L. (ill.). (2018). Robots : le livre de l'exposition Robots : the exhibition book. [Paris] : Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie, ISBN 978-2-86842-197-5.</ref>

===Films===
OF WOOD AND WIND.Sustainable cargo ships in France and in India.
DE BOIS ET DE VENT. Deux alternatives pour un transport maritime responsable
Co-produit par l'IRD et l'ADEME, avec le soutien de l'Institut français de Pondichery

==Written work==
Vidal's ''Violence and Truth: A Rajasthani Kingdom Confronts Colonial Authority (1995)''{{refn|group=note|Originally published in French in 1995; translated in English in 1997.}} was a study of history of the Sirohi State, focusing mainly on the influence exerted by British values and legal system on politics and society in Sirohi during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, providing "a vivid picture of caste-specific protest repertory". Vidal's study shed light on the relationship between the rulers of Sirohi and the [[Jain communities|Jain merchants]] with regard to the "colonial idea of economy"; inquired into the relationship between violence and mutineers in Rajasthan and how it was "remade through the colonial encounter"; and explored the [[Gandhian thought]] in apropos of the [[British colonial India|British colonial]] laws in India.<ref name="FdZ">{{cite journal |journal=[[American Journal of Sociology]] |volume=104 |number=3 |date=November 1998 |pages=909–911 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |title=Reviewed Work: Violence and Truth: A Rajasthani Kingdom Confronts Colonial Authority |first=Frank |last=de Zwart |doi=10.1086/210095 |jstor=10.1086/210095 |jstor-access=free}}</ref><ref name="AS">{{cite journal |journal=[[The Journal of Asian Studies]] |volume=58 |number=3 |date=August 1999 |pages=884–885 |publisher=[[Association for Asian Studies]] |editor1-first=Anand A. |editor1-last=Yang |editor2-first=Ann |editor2-last=Walter |editor3-first=Anne |editor3-last=Walthall |editor4-first=JaHyun Kim |editor4-last=Haboush |editor5-first=Amrita |editor5-last=Basu |editor6-first=Barbara Watson |editor6-last=Andaya |editor7-first=Joan |editor7-last=Judge |editor8-first=Michael A. |editor8-last=Fuller |editor9-first=Nicola |editor9-last=Di Cosmo |editor10-first=Ann |editor10-last=Sherif |editor11-first=Mark |editor11-last=Peterson |editor12-first=William R. |editor12-last=Pinch |editor13-first=Indira Viswanathan |editor13-last=Peterson |editor14-first=Juliane |editor14-last=Schober |editor1-link=Anand Yang |editor4-link=JaHyun Kim Haboush |editor5-link=Amrita Basu |editor6-link=Barbara Watson Andaya |editor7-link=Joan Judge |editor9-link=Nicola Di Cosmo |editor13-link=Indira Viswanathan Peterson |display-editors=4 |title=Reviewed Work: Violence and Truth: A Rajasthani Kingdom Confronts Colonial Authority by Denis Vidal |first=Ajay |last=Skaria |doi=10.2307/2659188 |jstor=2659188 |jstor-access=free}}</ref>

for various reviews of this book, see Norbert Peabody <ref>Violences et verites: un royaume du Rajasthan face au pouvoir colonialby Denis Vidal Review by: Norbert Peabody The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute DOI: 10.2307/3034949 Date: September, 1996</ref> Christophe Jaffrelot,<ref>Vidal (Denis). Violences et vérités. Un royaume de Rajasthan face au pouvoir colonial [compte-rendu] Christophe Jaffrelot [[Archives de sciences sociales des religions]] Année 1996 94 pp. 106-107</ref> Frank de Zwart,<ref>de Zwart, Frank (November 1998). "Reviewed Work: Violence and Truth: A Rajasthani Kingdom Confronts Colonial Authority". American Journal of Sociology. University of Chicago Press. 104 (3): 909–911. JSTOR 10.1086/210095.</ref> Ajay Skaria Skaria(August 1999).<ref>Yang, Anand A.; Walter, Ann; Walthall, Anne; Haboush, JaHyun Kim; et al. (eds.). "Reviewed Work: Violence and Truth: A Rajasthani Kingdom Confronts Colonial Authority by Denis Vidal". The Journal of Asian Studies. Association for Asian Studies. 58 (3): 884–885. JSTOR 2659188</ref> And for an indepth study of it see Lawrence Babb, 2004<ref>Lawrence A Babb (2004), Myths of Identity and the Life of Trade in Western India Lawrence A Babb. Sage, New-Delhi</ref>

==Works==
===Books authored===

* Vidal Denis, Balusubrumaniam D, Sricandane G. (collab.). (2024). Boat Builders of the Coromandel: A craft and its makers; Tara Books, Chennai, 164 p. ISBN 978-93-90037-07-0
* Vidal Denis, Balusubrumaniam D, Sricandane G. (collab.). (2023). Wild craft: wooden cargo ships of South India. Marseille (FRA); Pondichéry: IRD; IFP, 369 p. ISBN 978-81-8470-249-1. https://www.ifpindia.org/bookstore/wild-craft/, https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2023-11/010090498.pdf
*Laumond J.P., Vidal Denis, Boutin A.L. (ill.). (2018). Robots : le livre de l'exposition Robots : the exhibition book. [Paris] : Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie, ISBN 978-2-86842-197-5.
*{{cite book |title=Aux Frontières de l'Humain: Dieux, Figures de Cire, Robots et Autres Artefacts |trans-title=At the Human Frontiers: Gods, Wax Figures, Robots and Other Artifacts |series=Essai. Histoire. Anthropologie |first=Denis |last=Vidal |year=2016 |publisher=Alma |place=Paris, France |language=fr |isbn=978-2362791741 |oclc=936547857 |s2cid=165948940}}
*{{cite book |title=Violences et Vérités: Un Royaume du Rajasthan Face au Pouvoir Colonial |trans-title=Violence and Truth: A Rajasthani Kingdom Confronts Colonial Authority |series=Recherches d'Histoire et de Sciences Sociales, Volume 62 [Studies in History and the Social Sciences, Volume 62] |first=Denis |last=Vidal |year=1995 |publisher=[[EHESS]] |place=Paris, France |language=fr |isbn=978-2713210181 |lccn=95204209 |oclc=407004217}}
* Vidal Denis, Le culte des divinités locales dans une région de l'Himachal Pradesh Paris, ORSTOM, 1989, 320p.<ref>{{Cite book|url={{GBurl|dJzbV3pg_loC|p=320}}|isbn = 9782709909358|title = Le culte des divinités locales dans une région d'Himachal Pradesh|year = 1988|publisher = Éd. de l'ORSTOM}}</ref>

* Vidal Denis, Le culte des divinités locales dans une région de l'Himachal Pradesh Paris, ORSTOM, 1989, 320p.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.sudoc.abes.fr/cbs/DB=2.1//SRCH?IKT=12&TRM=00140430X&COOKIE=U10178,Klecteurweb,D2.1,E21bf34b2-c7,I250,B341720009+,SY,QDEF,A%5C9008+1,,J,H2-26,,29,,34,,39,,44,,49-50,,53-78,,80-87,NLECTEUR+PSI,R109.221.208.153,FN|isbn = 9782709909358|title = Le culte des divinités locales dans une région d'Himachal Pradesh|year = 1988|publisher = Éd. de l'ORSTOM}}</ref>

*Emmanuel Grimaud, Yann Philippe Tastevin, Denis Vidal. dossier : Low tech ? Wild tech !. France. Techniques et culture, 1 (67), Éditions de l'EHESS, 288 p., 2017.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.4000/tc.8260|doi = 10.4000/tc.8260|year = 2017|journal = Techniques & Culture|issue = 67|title = 67 | 2017 Low Tech ? Wild Tech !|editor1 = Grimaud, Emmanuel|editor2 = Tastevin, Yann Philippe|editor3 = Vidal, Denis|url-access = subscription}}</ref>
*{{cite book |title=Violences et Non-violences en Inde |trans-title=Violence and Non-violence in India |series=Puruṣārtha, Volume 16 |editor1-first=Denis |editor1-last=Vidal |editor2-first=Eric |editor2-last=Meyer |editor3-first=Gilles |editor3-last=Tarabout |year=1994 |publisher=EHESS |place=Paris, France |language=fr |isbn=978-2713210143 |lccn=94168835 |oclc=300439786}}<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://journals.openedition.org/tc/8260|doi = 10.4000/tc.8260|year = 2017|issue = 67|title = 67 | 2017 Low Tech ? Wild Tech !|journal = Techniques & Culture|editor1 = Grimaud, Emmanuel|editor2 = Tastevin, Yann Philippe|editor3 = Vidal, Denis|url-access = subscription}}</ref>
*Denis Vidal. Dufrêne T. (ed.), Grimaud E. (ed.), Taylor A.C. (ed.), Vidal Denis (ed.). Persona : étrangement humain [exposition, Musée du quai Branly, Paris, 26 janvier-13 novembre 2016]Paris : Musée du Quai Branly; Actes Sud, 2016, 271 p. ISBN 978-2-330-03801-4 . France. Musée du Quai Branly; Actes Sud, 271 p., 2016.<ref name="actes-sud.fr"/>
*Grimaud E., Houdard S., Vidal Denis. (2006). Artifices et effets spéciaux : les troubles de la représentation. In : Grimaud E. (ed.), Houdard S. (ed.), Vidal Denis (ed.). Effets spéciaux et artifices. Terrain, 46, p. 5-14. ISSN 0760-5668.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi = 10.4000/terrain.3948|title = Artifices et effets spéciaux|year = 2006|last1 = Grimaud|first1 = Emmanuel|last2 = Houdart|first2 = Sophie|last3 = Vidal|first3 = Denis|journal = Terrain| volume=46 |issue = 46|pages = 5–14|doi-access = free}}</ref>
*Dupont Véronique (ed.), Tarlo E. (ed.), Vidal Denis (ed.). (2000). Delhi : urban space and human destinies. New Delhi : Manohar, 261 p. ISBN 81-7304-366-3.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.manoharbooks.com/BookDetails.asp?Id=1000457&isbn=9788173043666|title = Manohar Books}}</ref>
*Denis Vidal, Philippe Cadene. Webs of trade : dynamics of business communities in western India. India. CHS; Manohar, 196 p., 1997.Webs of Trade, {{ISBN|9788173041877}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.manoharbooks.com/BookDetails.asp?Id=2230&isbn=9788173041877|title = Manohar Books}}</ref>
*{{cite book |title=L'Inde dans Les Sciences Sociales |trans-title=India in the Social Sciences |series=Bulletin de Liaison, No. 13 |type=Les Communications et les Débats de la Journée Consacrée à "l'Inde dans les Sciences Sociales" Qui a eu Lieu le 12 Juin 1987 à l'ORSTOM à Paris |editor1-first=Denis |editor1-last=Vidal |editor2-first=Philippe |editor2-last=Cadène |year=1987 |publisher=ORSTOM |place=France |oclc=489929612 |url=https://hal.ird.fr/ird-01293082/document}}

===Selected papers===
* Vidal D, Balasubramanian D.« Les cargos en bois de l’Inde du Sud ». Face à la puissance: Une histoire des énergies alternatives à l’âge industriel, Paris, La Découverte, 2020.
* Vidal D, Balasubramaniam D « Comment s’inventent les bateaux ? Cargos en bois du Tamil Nadu » Low Tech ?Wild Tech ! Techniques et Culture, 2017
*{{cite journal |journal=[[Gradhiva]] |volume=15 |issue=Robots Étrangement Humains |year=2012 |pages=54–75 |publisher=[[Musée du Quai Branly]] |place=Paris, France |language=fr |title=Vers un Nouveau Pacte Anthropomorphique! Les Enjeux Anthropologiques de la Nouvelle Robotique |trans-title=Towards a New Anthropomorphic Pact! Anthropological Issues of the New Robotics |first=Denis |last=Vidal |doi=10.4000/GRADHIVA.2319 |s2cid=191706252 |url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers16-02/010058619.pdf |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal |journal=[[The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute]] |volume=13 |number=4 |date=December 2007 |pages=917–933 |publisher=[[Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland]] |title=Anthropomorphism or Sub-Anthropomorphism? An Anthropological Approach to Gods and Robots |first=Denis |last=Vidal |jstor=4623070 |jstor-access=free |doi=10.1111/j.1467-9655.2007.00464.x |s2cid=162190128}}
*{{cite book |title=Orientalism and Anthropology: From Max Müller to Louis Dumont |series=Pondy Papers in Social Sciences, Volume 24 |first1=Denis |last1=Vidal |first2=Jackie |last2=Assayag |first3=Roland |last3=Lardinois |year=1997 |publisher=French Institute of Pondicherry |place=Pondicherry, India |contribution=Max Müller and the Theosophists or the Other Half of Victorian Orientalism |contributor-first=Denis |contributor-last=Vidal |isbn=978-8184700770 |lccn=98900711 |oclc=246067073 |contribution-url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01293966/document}}
*{{cite journal |journal=[[Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales]] |volume=52 |issue=4, ''L'Hindouisme Aujourd'hui [Hinduism Today]'' |pages=881–915 |date=July–August 1997 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |language=fr |title=Empirisme et Croyance dans l'Hindouisme Contemporain: Quand les Dieux Boivent du Lait! |trans-title=Empiricism and Belief in Contemporary Hinduism: When the Gods Drink Milk! |first=Denis |last=Vidal |jstor=27585469 |jstor-access=free |doi=10.3406/ahess.1997.279606 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/ahess_0395-2649_1997_num_52_4_279606}}
*{{cite journal |journal=Gradhiva |volume=9 |issue=1 |year=1991 |pages=30–47 |publisher=Musée du Quai Branly |place=Paris, France |language=fr |title=Les Trois Grâces ou l'Allégorie du Don: Contribution à l'Histoire d'une Idée en Anthropologie |first=Denis |last=Vidal |doi=10.3406/gradh.1991.1372 |trans-title=The Three Graces, or the Allegory of the Gift: A Contribution to the History of an Idea in Anthropology |translator-first=Eléonore |translator-last=Rimbault |s2cid=192540155 |oclc=1005923907 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/gradh_0764-8928_1991_num_9_1_1372}}
*{{cite journal |journal={{ill|Études Rurales|fr|Études rurales}} |number=107–108, ''Paysages et Divinités en Himalaya'' |pages=71–83 |date=July–December 1987 |publisher=EHESS |place=Paris, France |language=fr |editor-first=Gérard |editor-last=Toffin |title=Une Négociation Agitée: Essai de Description d'une Situation d'Interaction Entre des Hommes et des Dieux |first=Denis |last=Vidal |volume=107 |jstor=20125061 |jstor-access=free |doi=10.3406/RURAL.1987.3203 |s2cid=161490826 |issn=0014-2182 |eissn=1777-537X |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/rural_0014-2182_1987_num_107_1_3203}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cite web |website=[[Academia.edu]] |title=Denis Vidal |url=https://univ-paris7.academia.edu/denisvidal}}
*{{cite web |title=The Story Behind Berenson the Robot: Interview with Denis Vidal and Philippe Gaussier |url=https://www.widewalls.ch/magazine/berenson-the-robot-vidal-gaussier |work=Lorenzo Pereira |publisher=WideWalls |place=London, UK |date=16 March 2016}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vidal, Denis}}
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:French anthropologists]]
[[Category:Social anthropologists]]
[[Category:21st-century French anthropologists]]
[[Category:21st-century French educators]]
[[Category:Anthropology writers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Himalayan studies]]

Ice Cream (1986 film)

2026-03-03T20:59:05Z

Drsuruchipuri: fixed issues

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ice Cream
| image =
| caption =
| director = Antony Eastman
| producer = Hameed
| writer = Antony Eastman [[John Paul Puthusery|John Paul]] (dialogues)
| screenplay = [[John Paul Puthusery|John Paul]]
| starring = [[Mammootty]] [[Lissy (Malayalam actress)|Lissy]] Jayarekha [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]]
| music = [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]]
| cinematography = Vipin Mohan
| editing = G. Murali
| studio = Simna Movies
| distributor = Simna Movies
| released = {{Film date|1986|8|29|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = [[Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Ice Cream''''' is a 1986 [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by Antony Eastman and produced by Hameed. The film stars [[Mammootty]], [[Lissy (Malayalam actress)|Lissy]], Jayarekha and [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]] in the lead roles. Musical score of the film is composed by [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=1905|title=Ice Cream|accessdate=2014-10-23|publisher=malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/s.php?1051|title=Ice Cream|accessdate=2014-10-23|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/ice-cream-malayalam-movie/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023141412/http://spicyonion.com/title/ice-cream-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=23 October 2014|title=Ice Cream|accessdate=2014-10-23|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Mammootty]] as Thampi
*[[Lissy (Malayalam actress)|Lissy]] as Rekha
*Jayarekha
*[[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]] as Police Officer
*[[Thilakan]] as Omanakuttan Nair
*[[KPAC Lalitha]] as Elizabeth
*[[Ashokan (actor)|Ashokan]] as Prakashan
*[[Sankaradi]] as Doctor
*[[Bharath Gopi]] as Panikkar
*[[Karamana Janardanan Nair]]
*[[Mala Aravindan]] as Worker
*[[Philomina]] as Mother
*[[T. P. Madhavan]] as Bhaskaran
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]] and the lyrics were written by [[Poovachal Khader]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Nedanai Puthiyoru Lokam" || [[K. S. Chithra]], [[Lathika]] || [[Poovachal Khader]] ||
|-
| 2 || "Premamennalenthu" || [[Sharreth]], Cochin Ibrahim || Poovachal Khader ||
|-
| 3 || "Thaarunyam Kinaavu Neyyunnu" || K. S. Chithra, Lathika || Poovachal Khader ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0271556|Ice Cream}}

[[Category:1986 films]]
[[Category:1986 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Johnson]]

{{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Vichitra Prema

2026-03-03T18:29:43Z

Drsuruchipuri: added basic info initial version - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vichitra Prema
| image =
| caption = Movie Poster
| writer = Jandhyala {{small|(screenplay / dialogues)}}
| story = Bhamidipati Radha Krishna
| producer = A. Suryanarayana
| director = [[Jandhyala]]
| starring = [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] Amrutha
| music = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
| cinematography = Babji
| editing = [[Gautam Raju]]
| studio = Sri Lakshmi Narayana Enterprises<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1579709/ |title=Vichitra Prema (Overview) |work=IMDb}}</ref>
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1991||}}
| runtime = 132 mins
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Vichitra Prema''''' ({{translation|Variety Love}}) is a 1991 [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy film]] produced by A. Suryanarayana under the Sri Lakshmi Narayana Enterprises banner and directed by [[Jandhyala]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bharatmovies.com/telugu/info/vichitra-prema.htm |title=Vichitra Prema (Cast & Crew) |work=Bharat Movies.com |access-date=1 June 2016 |archive-date=30 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630033205/http://www.bharatmovies.com/telugu/info/vichitra-prema.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> It stars [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] and Amurtha, with music composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thecinebay.com/movie/index/id/5588?ed=Tolly |title=Vichitra Prema (Review) |work=The Cine Bay |access-date=1 June 2016 |archive-date=21 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921102410/https://www.thecinebay.com/movie/index/id/5588?ed=Tolly |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Plot==
The film begins with two soulmates, Sitapati & Major Pratapa Rao, fixing up the alliance of their infant progeny, Sivudu & Parvati. Anyhow, the two develop a rivalry, so their parents split them. After ten years, the pair fortuitously encounter when Siva favors Parvati in a dispute with a merchant, Aarmughan. Suddenly, he utilizes Parvati's car for rescue, and she complains to the Police, misconstruing him as a thief. Until then, Siva moves on by handing the vehicle to Aarmughan, who incriminates him for looting the luggage. Amidst a stranger, Avinash backs Parvati, with whom she develops an affinity. After a while, the two families celebrate a jollity reunion, acquaint their kids with a large jar, and detest among. Hence, the adults declare they should knit them and progress the bridal connections. The pair seeks aid from Siva's buddy, Babji, to evade it, and he suggests postponing the espousal for a bit, which they do.

Next, Babji schemes to turn the besties into foes by fueling hatred, such as one saying the wrong about the other, Sitapati having an amour, jewelry bestowed to Parvati being fake, and so on, with the two theatrical players' Venkatrao & Kalpana's support. Accordingly, the feud ignites, and they detach. As a glimpse, Babji endears his cross-cousin Krishnaveni / Krishti, a fruitless writer, and pesters with her heterogeneous scriptures. Following this, Siva catches hold of Aarmughan and presents the facts before Parvati, who gradually comprehends his virtue. Siva also shields her from Avinash's clutches by showcasing his dark shade. Tragically, he is gravely injured therein when Parvati saves him with her idolization. Thus, genuine love blossoms between them.

At once, furious Pratap Rao batters Siva when Sitapati enrages, and the two advance to a state of direct conflict. However, they back, challenging to conduct their children's weddings instantly with the anonymous, and forcibly make arrangements. So, the turtle doves intend to unwrap their game before their fathers, to which mothers also assist. Siva & Babji walk to Venkatrao & Kalpana with the original jewelry to reappear before the fathers to divulge the totality. Whereat, as a hard luck, alcoholic Venkatrao flees with jewelry. Kalpana consumes poison and goes into a coma. Bewildered, Siva makes an elongated quest and triumphs over their whereabouts. At last, he brings the truth to light and flashes the camaraderie back in their parents. Finally, the movie ends happily with Sivudu and Parvati's marriage.

==Cast==
*[[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] as Sivudu
*Amurtha as Parvathi
*[[Brahmanandam]] as Babji
*[[Dharmavarapu Subramanyam]] as Murthy
*[[Suthi Velu]] as Gaali Venkatarao
*[[Gundu Hanumantha Rao]] as Aarmughan
*[[Subbaraya Sharma]] as Seetapathi
*Abhishith Varma as Major Pratapa Varma
*Navabharat Balaji as Avinash
*[[Jenny (actor)|Jenny]] as Taxi driver
*[[Sri Lakshmi (actress)|Sri Lakshmi]] as Krishnaveni / Krishti
*[[Jayalalita]] as Kalpana
*Nagamani as Lakshmi
*K. Vijayalakshmi as Saraswathi

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Vichitra Prema
| type = film
| artist = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1991
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 17:05
| label = AVM Audio
| producer = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
| prev_title = Godavari Pongindhi
| prev_year = 1991
| next_title = Manjeera Nadam
| next_year = 1991
}}

The music was composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]] and the lyrics were written by [[Veturi]]. Music released on AVM Audio Company.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cineradham.com/telugu-audio/movie/3716/Vichitra%20Prema%20(1990)/ |title=Vichitra Prema (Songs) |work=Cineradham}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!S. No.!!Song title !!Singers !!length
|-
|1
|"Aarintiki Modalaye Anuragam"
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra|Chitra]]
|4:32
|-
|2
|"Manasa Sancharare"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Chitra
|3:54
|-
|3
|"Chiluku Chera"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Chitra
|4:31
|-
|4
|"Kalusukoni"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Chitra
|4:08
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

*
*
*
*

==External links==
{{Jandhyala Subramanya Sastry}}

[[Category:1991 films]]
[[Category:1991 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Jandhyala]]
[[Category:Films scored by K. V. Mahadevan]]
[[Category:1991 comedy films]]

Aarohanam (2012 film)

2026-03-03T03:25:53Z

Drsuruchipuri: revise

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Aarohanam
| image = Aarohanam 2012 poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Lakshmy Ramakrishnan]]
| producer = A. V. Anoop
| story = Lakshmy Ramakrishnan
| screenplay = Lakshmy Ramakrishnan
| starring = [[Viji Chandrasekhar]] [[G. Marimuthu]] [[Uma (Tamil actress)|Uma]] Rajie Vijay Sarathy [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]] [[Sampath Raj]]
| music = [[K (music director)|K]]
| cinematography = N. Shanmugasundaram
| editing = [[Kishore Te.]]
| studio = AVA Productions Monkey Creative Labs
| distributor = [[JSK Film Corporation]]
| released = {{Film date|2012|10|26|df=y}}
| runtime = 90 minutes
| language = Tamil
| country = India
| budget =
}}
'''{{Lang|ta-latn|Aarohanam}}''' ({{translation|[[Crescendo]]}}) is a 2012 Tamil-language drama film directed by actress-turned-director [[Lakshmy Ramakrishnan]]. It stars Viji Chandrasekhar, [[G. Marimuthu]], [[Uma (Tamil actress)|Uma]], Rajie Vijay Sarathy, [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]], and [[Sampath Raj]]. According to the director, the film revolves around a missing mother, who has [[bipolar disorder]]. The film received mostly positive reviews, with some critics calling it the best Tamil film of the year.<ref name="indiatimes.com">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/movie-reviews/Aarohanam/movie-review/16962479.cms|title=AAROHANAM MOVIE REVIEW|date=11 May 2016|work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name="nowrunning.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/10238/tamil/aarohanam/3958/review.htm|title=Aarohanam Review|publisher=www.nowrunning.com}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Viji Chandrasekhar]] as Nirmala
* [[G. Marimuthu]] as Vallimuthu
* [[Uma (Tamil actress)|Uma]] as Jay
* Rajie Vijay Sarathy as Sandy (Voice dubbed by [[Lakshmy Ramakrishnan]])
* [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]] as MLA
* [[Sampath Raj]] as Dr. Balakrishnan
* [[Kavithalaya Krishnan]] as MLA's assistant
* [[Abhinay]] as Karthik
* Veeresh as Senthil
* [[Jai Quehaeni]] as Selvi
* Harini as Young Selvi
* Gauthami as Young Selvi
* Adarsh as Young Senthil
* Ibrahim as Young Senthil
* [[Vellai Subbaiah]] as Bhai
* Premi as Bhai's wife
* Laju Nanwani as Pia
* [[Rethika Srinivas]]
* [[Lakshmy Ramakrishnan]] in a cameo appearance
* Dr. Ramakrishnan as a guest at the launch party (uncredited)
{{colend}}

==Production==
In early February 2012, reports claimed that character actress [[Lakshmy Ramakrishnan]] would direct her maiden feature film,<ref name="indiaglitz.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/77594.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205095425/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/77594.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 February 2012|title=Tamil Cinema News - Tamil Movie Reviews - Tamil Movie Trailers - IndiaGlitz Tamil|publisher=www.indiaglitz.com}}</ref> although Lakshmy had begun filming in December 2011 already.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-celebrity-column/Lakshmy-surges-to-a-crescendo-19-05-12.html|title=Lakshmy Surges To A Crescendo|website=www.behindwoods.com}}</ref> Titled as {{Lang|ta-latn|Aarohanam}}, it was said to be based on a "series of amusing events that take place on a single day"; the film would follow a 17-year-old boy and his sister who are in search of their missing mother, played by television artiste and actress [[Saritha]]'s sister, Viji Chandrasekhar. Lakshmy along with her friends, actresses [[Uma Padmanabhan]] and Rajie Vijay Sarathy, initially wanted to make a "[[desi]] ''[[The Hangover|Hangover]]'' kind of a film" about spirited women.<ref name="auto">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/riding-the-crest/article3580970.ece|title=Riding the crest|first=Sudhish|last=Kamath|date=28 June 2012|work=The Hindu}}</ref> When developing the third character in the film, she realized that she had penned a story about that person in 2008 already. She reworked the script and made that character the lead, while also deciding to co-produce the film.<ref name="auto"/> Lakshmy said that she had written 45 versions of the screenplay for {{Lang|ta-latn|Aarohanam}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/aarohanam-to-have-its-audio-launch-news-tamil-mgstsihehhc.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619064927/http://www.sify.com/movies/aarohanam-to-have-its-audio-launch-news-tamil-mgstsihehhc.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-06-19|title='Aarohanam' to have its audio launch!|website=Sify.com}}</ref> She further stated that the film was initially started with the intention to screen it at film festivals only, but that eventually it turned into a "commercial" film.<ref name="indiaglitz.com"/>

Character actors Jayaprakash does a cameo and [[Sampath Raj]] and director [[G. Marimuthu]] were selected to essay pivotal supporting roles,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/82015.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512113300/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/82015.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 May 2012|title=Tamil Cinema News - Tamil Movie Reviews - Tamil Movie Trailers - IndiaGlitz Tamil|publisher=www.indiaglitz.com}}</ref> while newcomers Veeresh and Jai Quehaeni would play the missing mother's son and daughter, respectively. Veeresh was then studying editing in his final year at the MGR Film Institute, Taramani and got the opportunity when he approached director Lakshmy to join her as an assistant director. The entire film was shot with a [[Canon EOS 5D]] digital camera; it was completed in 20 days.<ref name="auto"/>

==Music==
{{Infobox album
| name = Aarohanam
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[K (Indian musician)|K]]
| cover =
| alt =
| caption = Front Cover
| released = 19 June 2012
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| label = [[Sony Music Entertainment]]
| producer = K
| prev_title = [[Mugamoodi]]
| prev_year = 2012
| next_title = [[Annayum Rasoolum]]
| next_year = 2013
}}

[[K (Indian musician)|K]], who had previously worked on [[Mysskin]]'s ''[[Yuddham Sei]]'', in which Lakshmy Ramakrishnan played a notable supporting role, was signed on to produce the film's score and soundtrack. The soundtrack album of {{Lang|ta-latn|Aarohanam}} consists of six tracks, with three of them being [[instrumental]]s. The lyrics were penned by newcomer Subbu. The song "Indha Vaan Veli" was released as a [[single (music)|single track]] to coincide with Mother's day 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/lakshmi-is-ready-with-aarohanam-news-tamil-mfolA6edegh.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516121910/http://www.sify.com/movies/Lakshmi-is-ready-with-Aarohanam-news-tamil-mfolA6edegh.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-05-16|title=Lakshmi is ready with Aarohanam|website=Sify.com}}</ref> The entire album was launched on 19 June 2012 at [[Prasad Studios]] in Chennai;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/aarohanam-audio-launched-by-kb-news-tamil-mgvkqFdjbbe.html?ref=false|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730012044/http://www.sify.com/movies/aarohanam-audio-launched-by-kb-news-tamil-mgvkqFdjbbe.html?ref=false|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-07-30|title=Aarohanam audio launched by KB|website=Sify.com}}</ref> directors [[K. Balachander]] and K. S. Sethumadhavan released the audio.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nowrunning.com/news/tamil/k-balachander-releases-aarohanam-audio/53088/story.htm|title=K. Balachander releases 'Aarohanam' audio|publisher=www.nowrunning.com}}</ref> "Thappattam", a club number, was sung by Lakshmy's daughter Sharadha along with the composer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-21/parties/32336904_1_lakshmy-music-composer-positive-response|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130104020138/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-21/parties/32336904_1_lakshmy-music-composer-positive-response|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-01-04|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=News: India News, Latest Bollywood News, Sports News, Business & Political News, National & International News}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| all_lyrics = Subbu
| title1 = Thappaattam
| extra1 = Sharadha R., Ranjini Chander, Harish
| length1 =
| title2 = Indha Vaan Veli
| extra2 = [[Anand Aravindakshan]]
| length2 =
| title3 = Dhishai Ariyaadhu
| extra3 = Vandana Srinivasan
| length3 =
| title4 = Indha Vaan Veli – Flute Version
| extra4 = Instrumental
| length4 =
| title5 = I Won't Give Up
| extra5 = Instrumental
| length5 =
| title6 = Ode To Motherhood
| extra6 = Instrumental
| length6 =
}}

==Release==
The satellite rights of the film were sold to [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/hashtag/aarohanam|title=#aarohanam hashtag on Twitter|website=twitter.com}}</ref>

==Critical reception==
{{Lang|ta-latn|Aarohanam}} opened to mostly positive reviews from critics. Vivek Ramz from "[[in.com]]" gave the film 4.5 out of 5 and said that it's a must watch experience and added that It's a unique masterpiece of cinema and one couldn't afford to miss this film at any cost!<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.in.com/news/entertainment/aarohanam-is-a-must-watch-experience-50136857-in-1.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126001550/http://www.in.com/news/entertainment/aarohanam-is-a-must-watch-experience-50136857-in-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-01-26|title=Latest News, Trending Topics, Top Stories, HD Videos & Photos, Live TV Channels, Lifestyle, Sports, Entertainment - In.com|website=In.com}}</ref> N. Venkateswaran from ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film 4 out of 5 stars and claimed that it "could easily be the best Tamil film of the year" and that "it tackles a very important issue — mental illness — with a sensitivity that is rare to Tamil cinema, and does so without being judgmental about the main characters and their actions". The reviewer further mentioned that "a lot of recent films have had incorrect portrayals of mental illness and bipolar disorder, and {{Lang|ta-latn|Aarohanam}} helps in dispelling the darkness among the audiences", terming it a "must see for all lovers of good cinema".<ref name="indiatimes.com"/> [[Sify]]'s critic wrote that "director Lakshmy Ramakrishnan can be proud of her maiden venture {{Lang|ta-latn|Aarohanam}} which slowly but beautifully unfolds and reaches its crescendo in the climax", further praising her for "making such a film with a neat message and at the same time not preachy".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/aarohanam-review-tamil-15011369.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140129063602/http://www.sify.com/movies/aarohanam-review-tamil-15011369.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-01-29|title=Review : (2012)|website=www.sify.com}}</ref> [[Rediff]] gave 3 out of 5 stars and noted that Lakshmy Ramakrishnan "may have made her film more like a fictionalised documentary, and stumbled at a few places, but by and large, the message she delivers is a valid one".<ref>{{cite web|title=Review: Aarohanam has a positive message|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-aarohanam-has-a-positive-message/20121029.htm|publisher=Rediff|access-date=29 October 2012}}</ref> Haricharan Pudipeddi from nowrunning.com cited: "If you miss {{Lang|ta-latn|Aarohanam}}, then you may have missed most likely the best Tamil film of the year".<ref name="nowrunning.com"/> Indiaglitz.com claimed that a film "with such a knot needs to be welcomed for it marks a shift from the regular mainstream cinema".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/review/15759.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805023400/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/review/15759.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 August 2012|title=Tamil Cinema News - Tamil Movie Reviews - Tamil Movie Trailers - IndiaGlitz Tamil|publisher=}}</ref> Baradwaj Rangan, too, lauded the film: "After a movie-going season filled with crushing big-budget disappointments, it's wonderful to watch {{Lang|ta-latn|Aarohanam}}. The director Lakshmy Ramakrishnan has a bracingly uncomplicated approach to filmmaking, where it's all about writing a solid script and etching out memorable characters and, finally, casting the right people".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2012/10/27/aarohanam-all-about-the-mother/|title="Aarohanam"… All about the mother|date=27 October 2012|publisher=}}</ref>

On the contrary, Malini Malnath from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' panned the film, calling {{Lang|ta-latn|Aarohanam}} "at the most, a stepping stone for the filmmaker. It may serve as a valuable experience gained and a reference for how she could craft a more coherent screenplay, bringing in more clarity and focus on her narration". The critic further wrote: "The director should have done her homework before taking up such a serious issue as a concept. Both the script and treatment are amateurish".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/article1315129.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030175732/http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/article1315129.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 October 2012|title = 'Aarohanam' (Tamil)}}</ref> Lakshmy Ramakrishnan, in return, clarified that "enough research had been done before locking the characterisation" and that several doctors the film was shown to were "delighted with the way the disorder is portrayed".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article1319073.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103172550/http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article1319073.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 November 2012|title='Aarohanam' director clarifies|publisher=}}</ref>

==Awards==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Ceremony
! Category
! Nominee
! Result
|-
|rowspan="1"|[[2nd South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|Best Actress in a Supporting Role
|[[Viji Chandrasekhar]]
|{{nom}}
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=2387224}}
{{Lakshmy Ramakrishnan}}

[[Category:2012 films]]
[[Category:Films about bipolar disorder]]
[[Category:2012 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2012 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by K (composer)]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2012 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Lakshmy Ramakrishnan]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Kurangu Bommai

2026-03-03T03:20:39Z

Drsuruchipuri: add structure

{{Short description|2017 Indian film by Nithilan Saminathan}}
{{Long plot|date=June 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kurangu Bommai
| image = Kurangu Bommai.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Nithilan Saminathan]]
| producer =
| writer = Nithilan Saminathan [[Madonne Ashwin]] (dialogues)
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on =
| starring = [[Vidharth]] [[Bharathiraja]] [[Delna Davis]]
| narrator =
| music = [[B. Ajaneesh Loknath]]
| cinematography = N. S. Udhayakumar
| editing = [[Abhinav Sunder Nayak]]
| studio = Shreya Sri Movies LLP
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2017|09|01|df=yes}}
| runtime = 105 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Kurangu Bommai''''' ({{Translation|Monkey Doll}}) is a 2017 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[crime thriller film]], written and directed by [[Nithilan Saminathan]] in his directoral debut. The film stars [[Vidharth]], [[Delna Davis]], and [[Bharathiraja]], while [[Elango Kumaravel]] and [[P. L. Thenappan]] play supporting roles. The music was composed by [[B. Ajaneesh Loknath]] with cinematography by Udhayakumar and editing by [[Abhinav Sunder Nayak]]. The film released on 1 September 2017 to positive reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kurangu Bommai Movie Review {4/5}: Critic Review of Kurangu Bommai by Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kurangu-bommai/movie-review/60293962.cms |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 September 2017 |title=Kurangu Bommai movie review: Flawlessly executed thriller |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/020917/kurangu-bommai-movie-review-flawlessly-executed-thriller.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012045553/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/020917/kurangu-bommai-movie-review-flawlessly-executed-thriller.html |archive-date=12 October 2017 |access-date=11 October 2017}}</ref> The film was remade in Kannada as ''[[Ombattane Dikku]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ombatthane Dikku Movie Review: A crime thriller that's emotionally engaging |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/ombatthane-dikku/movie-review/89157287.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131160941/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/ombatthane-dikku/movie-review/89157287.cms |archive-date=31 January 2022 |access-date=31 January 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Ekambaram is a don in [[Thanjavur]] who smuggles expensive idols and artifacts. Sundaram is a coworker and friend of Ekambaram. Sundaram's son Kathir is a cab driver in [[Chennai]]. One day, Kathir and his parents go to Viji's house with a marriage proposal. On learning about Sundaram's association with Ekambaram, Viji's father rejects the proposal and insults him. Enraged, Kathir slaps Viji's father and leaves; however, he still proposes to Viji.

Sindhanai is a pickpocket who suffers from [[insomnia]]. An astrologer tells him that he can only be cured when he makes a bed out of 1 Crore rupees and sleeps on top of it. Sindhanai then makes it his life's goal to steal 1 Crore.

Meanwhile, Kathir, who has returned to Chennai, is waiting at a bus stop and sees a middle-aged man carrying a bag with a picture of a monkey on it. Sindhanai, believing the bag to be full of money, steals it and runs away. Kathir chases him and manages to get it back. When he returns to give it back to the man, he is not there. Kathir then posts a picture of the bag on Facebook in hopes of the owner contacting him. Later, Kathir bumps into Viji and follows her to the hospital where her father is admitted. Kathir shows his remorse and apologizes to him but is insulted in return. Kathir leaves but forgets the bag.

Later that day, Kathir comes across a woman who has his father's phone, but with no SIM card inside. The woman informs him that her husband found the phone while clearing trash at a Chennai neighborhood. Kathir's mother phones him telling that Sundaram came to Chennai two days ago and has not returned home. Kathir informs Viji about the bag that he forgot in the hospital and asks her to keep it safe. However, her father angrily throws the bag from the top of the hospital balcony and into a trash bin below.

The film then flashes back to a few days ago in Thanjavur. One of Ekambaram's henchmen is seen buying the bag, for smuggling a golden idol worth 5 Crore from Thanjavur to Chennai. Ekambaram asks Sundaram to take the bag to Chennai and hand it over to a man named Sekar. On arrival he is met by Sadhasivam (the man from whom Sindhanai stole the bag at the bus stop), one of Sekar's aides. Sundaram goes to Sekar's house and stays there so that Sekar will complete the transaction, exchange the idol with a pawn shop owner, and hand over the money to Sundaram.

However, Sekar plans to steal the money for himself, so he contacts Ekambaram and tells him that Sundaram never arrived and he is yet to get the idol, implying that Sundaram ran away with it. Worried, Ekambaram travels to Chennai. Sekar, who still has Sundaram in his house, steals the latter's phone and dumps it in a nearby trash bin. He makes his own deal with the pawn shop owner and gets 2 crores in advance for the idol. The remaining 3 crores will be given upon handing over the idol in person. Sekar then finds out that Ekambaram is on his way to Chennai. Knowing that he will be killed if Ekambaram finds out his plans, he decides to get rid of Sundaram.

After asking his wife and children to leave the city for a few days, he talks to Sundaram and asks him if he can take care of the money or he needs someone to be sent with him. By now, Sundaram realizes that Sekar wants to kill him and steal the money for himself. Sundaram tells Sekar that the former was an orphan and was brought up by Ekambaram and they have been the closest of friends for so long. Sekar asks Sundaram for his forgiveness as he desperately wants the money to give his wife and children a wealthy life. He then knocks Sundaram unconscious and locks him up in a room in his house.

Kathir gets a call from one of Ekambaram's henchmen, who saw the Facebook post about the bag and assumed that both father and son have been scheming all along to steal the idol. Nevertheless, the henchman orders Kathir to get the bag back to him within an hour's time and meet them at Sekar's house. Ekambaram, now at Sekar's place, questions him. Sekar pretends to be innocent and claims that Sundaram might have run away with the idol. Ekambaram replies that he has not come for the money but for his friend. Then, the pawn shop labour arrives and gives the remaining 3 crores to Sekar. Realizing that he had been double-crossed, an enraged Ekambaram attacks Sekar. In the fight, Sekar manages to kill both Ekambaram and the latter's aide and escapes with the money.

Meanwhile, on his way to the hospital to get the bag back, Kathir comes across Sadhasivam. Deducing that Sadhasivam must have some connection with his father's missing, Kathir beats him up. Sadhasivam reveals everything that happened: Sekar had killed Sundaram and had been roaming around with Sundaram's remains in the bag all along. Kathir is shocked and finds the bag in the nearby trash bin. Sindhanai also sees the bag and comes to take it, still believing there is money in it, but he is moved seeing Kathir crying over his father's remains.

A few months later, Sekar is living a lavish lifestyle when he hears a knock on the door of his new apartment. He sees Kathir and lets him, in assuming him to be the cab driver he had asked for. Sekar soon gets suspicious of Kathir and recognizes him as Sundaram's son. Kathir attacks Sekar and ties him to a chair, demanding to know why he killed his father. Sekar replies that he would have killed his own father to become a billionaire. Showing no sign of remorse, Sekar tells Kathir that the maximum revenge he can do is to kill him, nothing more.

Kathir and Sindhanai are then seen disposing of a suitcase, which has blood stains on it, into a river. The scene then shifts to Sekar, who is lying down on a mat. His wife is heard getting into an extramarital affair on the phone. As the camera pans out, Sekar is shown to be a quadruple amputee who now lives a life filled with regret for all the wrongs he committed.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Vidharth]] as Kathiresan "Kathir"
* [[Bharathiraja]] as Sundaram
* [[Delna Davis]] as Vijitha "Viji"
* [[P. L. Thenappan]] as Ekambaram
* [[Elango Kumaravel]] as Sekar
* Kalki as Sindhanai
* [[Krishnamoorthy (actor)|Krishnamoorthy]] as Sadhasivam
* [[Ganja Karuppu]] as Viji's cousin
* [[Bala Singh]] as Viji's father
* [[Rama (actress)|Rama]] as Kathir's mother
* Uma as Sekar's wife
* [[Semmalar Annam]] as Mother of kidnapped child
* Raja Rani Pandian as Inspector
* [[Rahul Thatha]] as Thief
* Karna Raja
* [[Madonne Ashwin]] as a bus passenger (cameo appearance)
}}

== Production ==
Nithilan rose to fame after participating in the reality show, ''Naalaya Iyakkunar'' short film competition on Kalaignar TV. After being impressed by his work in the short film ''Punnagai Vaanginaal Kanner Ilavasam'', actor [[Vidharth]] approached him to collaborate for a film in August 2015 and the pair subsequently decided to work on ''Kurangu Bommai''. The director noted that he actively did not want regular actors to play typecast roles, so he selected veteran director [[Bharathiraja]] to play a pivotal role in the film, and production began during the following months.<ref name="kalakkalcinema">{{Cite web |title=Vidharth and Bharathiraja to comes together {{pipe}} Kalakkalcinema |url=http://kalakkalcinema.com/vidharth-and-bharathiraja-to-come-together-for-a-debutant-director/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919073525/http://kalakkalcinema.com/vidharth-and-bharathiraja-to-come-together-for-a-debutant-director/ |archive-date=19 September 2016 |access-date=2016-09-18 |publisher=kalakkalcinema.com}}</ref> Film producer [[P. L. Thenappan]] was also signed on to play a pivotal role and shot for the film during May 2016.<ref name="behindwoods">{{Cite web |date=13 May 2016 |title=Bharathiraja and Vidharth to act in a film titled Kurangu Bommai |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/bharathiraja-and-vidharth-to-act-in-a-film-titled-kurangu-bommai.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919071847/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/bharathiraja-and-vidharth-to-act-in-a-film-titled-kurangu-bommai.html |archive-date=19 September 2016 |access-date=2016-09-18 |publisher=behindwoods.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 June 2017 |title=Bharathirajaa put me at ease: Director Nithilan |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/jun/06/bharathirajaa-put-me-at-ease-director-nithilan-1613220.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213143723/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/jun/06/bharathirajaa-put-me-at-ease-director-nithilan-1613220.html |archive-date=13 December 2017 |access-date=13 December 2017}}</ref> Actor [[Mammootty]] was brought in by the producers to release the first look poster of the film in mid-September 2016.<ref name="indiaglitz">{{Cite web |date=16 September 2016 |title=Mammotty to release first look of Bharathiraja Vidharth Kurangu Bommai – Tamil Movie News |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/mammotty-to-release-first-look-of-bharathiraja-vidharth-kurangu-bommai-tamil-news-167378.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826032106/https://www.indiaglitz.com/mammotty-to-release-first-look-of-bharathiraja-vidharth-kurangu-bommai-tamil-news-167378.html |archive-date=26 August 2023 |access-date=2016-09-18 |website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref> Actor [[Arya (actor)|Arya]] and Director [[AR Murugadoss]] launched the teaser and trailer respectively.

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Kurangu Bommai
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[B. Ajaneesh Loknath]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2017
| recorded = 4 June 2017
| venue =
| studio =
| genre =
| length = 13:12
| language = Tamil
| label = [[U1 Records]]
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Srikanta (film)|Srikanta]]
| prev_year = 2016
| next_title = [[Richie (film)|Richie]]
| next_year = 2017
}}
The film's music soundtrack was composed by [[B. Ajaneesh Loknath]], while the audio rights of the film was acquired by [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]'s [[U1 Records]]. The original album was released on 4 June 2017 and featured five songs.

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Paathum Paakkaama
| lyrics1 = J. Francis Kiruba
| extra1 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| length1 = 4:03
| title2 = Annamaare Ayyamaare
| lyrics2 = [[Na. Muthukumar]]
| extra2 = V. M. Mahalingam, [[Premgi Amaren]]
| length2 = 3:24
| title3 = Beachu Kaathu
| lyrics3 = [[Na. Muthukumar]]
| extra3 = [[Anthony Daasan]]
| length3 = 3:37
| title4 = Unna Naan Rasikka
| lyrics4 = Nithilan Saminathan
| extra4 = C. R. Bobby
| length4 = 1:10
| title5 = Kalangaathe Kanne
| lyrics5 = Nithilan Saminathan
| extra5 = [[B. Ajaneesh Loknath]]
| length5 = 0:57
}}

== Release ==
The film released on 1 September 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 September 2017 |title=Kurangu Bommai goes to Telugu |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/280917/kurangu-bommai-goes-to-telugu.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213145226/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/280917/kurangu-bommai-goes-to-telugu.html |archive-date=13 December 2017 |access-date=13 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 2017 |title=Tamil film "Kurangu Bommai" to be remade into Telugu |url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tamil-film-kurangu-bommai-be-remade-telugu-71538 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213201240/http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tamil-film-kurangu-bommai-be-remade-telugu-71538 |archive-date=13 December 2017 |access-date=13 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2017 |title=How has "Puriyatha Puthir" & "Kurangu Bommai" performed in box office? - Tamil News |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/puriyatha-puthir-and-kurangu-bommai-take-good-opening-in-chennai-both-get-85-occupancy-tamil-news-194840 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213201231/https://www.indiaglitz.com/puriyatha-puthir-and-kurangu-bommai-take-good-opening-in-chennai-both-get-85-occupancy-tamil-news-194840 |archive-date=13 December 2017 |access-date=13 December 2017}}</ref>

==Reception==
''Kurangu Bommai'' received positive reviews from critics.

A critic from [[The Times of India]] wrote that the film was "a strong contender for the best Tamil film of the year", noting that "the tightly-woven plot keeps us hooked for the entire duration" and that "the fabulous performances from the entire cast draws us deep into the story".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kurangu Bommai Movie Review {4/5}: Critic Review of Kurangu Bommai by Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kurangu-bommai/movie-review/60293962.cms |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The [[Deccan Chronicle]] called the film "a breath of fresh air", adding that "with a solid story and a very intriguing screenplay, Nithilan's perfect non-linear hyperlink narration of ''Kurangu Bommai'' has emerged as one of the best films of the year".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 September 2017 |title=Kurangu Bommai movie review: Flawlessly executed thriller |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/020917/kurangu-bommai-movie-review-flawlessly-executed-thriller.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012045553/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/020917/kurangu-bommai-movie-review-flawlessly-executed-thriller.html |archive-date=12 October 2017 |access-date=11 October 2017}}</ref>

Baradwaj Rangan of Film Companion wrote "Like Maanagaram earlier this year, Nithilan Swaminathan's Kurangu Bommai (Monkey Doll) comes with a caveat: you have to buy the coincidences. This film, too, is conceived as what has come to be known as "hyperlink cinema", but you could just as easily call it "leap-of-faith cinema". "<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2017 |title=Kurangu Bommai Movie Review |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/kurangu-bommai-movie-review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221200023/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/kurangu-bommai-movie-review |archive-date=21 December 2022 |access-date=2 September 2023}}</ref>

Further positive reviews came from Sify.com, who called it "a well-made crime thriller" and [[The New Indian Express]], who noted it was "another efficient film from Vidharth's stable", making a reference to his two previous critically acclaimed films, ''[[Kuttrame Thandanai]]'' (2016) and ''[[Oru Kidayin Karunai Manu]]'' (2017).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kurangu Bommai review: A well-made crime thriller |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kurangu-bommai-review-a-well-made-crime-thriller-review-tamil-ri5kmhhbdhihb.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831155252/http://www.sify.com/movies/kurangu-bommai-review-a-well-made-crime-thriller-review-tamil-ri5kmhhbdhihb.html |archive-date=31 August 2017 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Another efficient film from the Vidharth stable |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2017/sep/02/another-efficient-film-from-the-vidharth-stable-1651303--1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213144545/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2017/sep/02/another-efficient-film-from-the-vidharth-stable-1651303--1.html |archive-date=13 December 2017 |access-date=13 December 2017}}</ref>

The film performed well at the Chennai box office, with positive word-of-mouth reviews, making it have a better response than [[Vijay Sethupathi]]'s ''[[Puriyatha Puthir]]'' (2017), which released on the same day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2017 |title=How has "Puriyatha Puthir" & "Kurangu Bommai" performed in box office? - Tamil News |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/puriyatha-puthir-and-kurangu-bommai-take-good-opening-in-chennai-both-get-85-occupancy-tamil-news-194840 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213201231/https://www.indiaglitz.com/puriyatha-puthir-and-kurangu-bommai-take-good-opening-in-chennai-both-get-85-occupancy-tamil-news-194840 |archive-date=13 December 2017 |access-date=13 December 2017}}</ref> The film was later chosen to be showed at the Chennai International Film Festival.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 December 2017 |title=These 12 best Tamil films to clash at this year's Chennai International Film Festival - Tamil News |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/12-tamil-films-to-contest-at-the-chennai-international-film-festival-tamil-news-202368 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213201040/https://www.indiaglitz.com/12-tamil-films-to-contest-at-the-chennai-international-film-festival-tamil-news-202368 |archive-date=13 December 2017 |access-date=13 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2017 |title=I would like to direct a love story with drama next: Kurangu Bommai's Nithilan Swaminathan |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/i-would-like-to-direct-a-love-story-with-drama-next-kurangu-bommais-nithilan-swaminathan-4844793/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213201002/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/i-would-like-to-direct-a-love-story-with-drama-next-kurangu-bommais-nithilan-swaminathan-4844793/ |archive-date=13 December 2017 |access-date=13 December 2017}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|7257586}}

[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:2017 Indian films]]
[[Category:2017 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2017 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:2017 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Films scored by B. Ajaneesh Loknath]]

Ayyan (film)

2026-03-03T03:04:59Z

Drsuruchipuri: Put up

{{pp-pc}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ayyan
| image =
| caption =
| director = Kendiran Muniyaswamy
| producer = S. Shekar Rajan
| writer = Kendiran Muniyaswamy
| starring = [[Karthick Singa|Vaasan Karthik]]k [[Divya Padmini]]
| music = [[Ilayaraja]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2011|3|11}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Ayyan''''' ({{Translation|Village guardian}}) is a 2011 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language drama film. It was written and directed by Kendiran Muniyaswamy, and produced by S. Shekar Rajan under the banner of S. S. Pictures. It stars [[Karthick Singa|Vaasan Karthik]] (Singamuthu's son) and the debutant [[Divya Padmini]] . [[Ilayaraja]] composed the film's music.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2011/mar/15/ayyan-235615.html|title=Ayyan|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Karthick Singa|Vaasan Karthik]] as Muniyasami
* [[Divya Padmini]] as Selvi
* [[Ganja Karuppu]]
* [[Singamuthu]]
* [[Shanmugarajan]]
* [[Mahadevan (actor)|Mahadevan]]
* [[Periyar Dasan]]
* [[Crane Manohar]]
* [[Muthukaalai]]
* [[Halwa Vasu]]
* [[Bonda Mani]]
* [[Suryakanth]]
}}

==Production==
The film is based on a true incident that happened in [[Mudukulathur]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Itsy-bitsy/article15411766.ece|title=Itsy-bitsy|date=12 February 2011|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The music of the film is composed by [[Ilayaraja]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-music-review-ayyan/20110202.htm | title=Ilaiyaraja's average fare in Ayyan |work=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Song title !! Singers !! Lyricist
|-
| "Hey Sivagami" || [[Rahul Nambiar]], [[Rita (singer)|Rita]] || [[Snehan]]
|-
| "Manasoram" || [[Sadhana Sargam]], [[Sriram Parthasarathy]] || Kabilan
|-
| "Enakenna Oruthi" || [[Rahul Nambiar]] || [[Na. Muthukumar]]
|-
| "Unmaiyaai Naan" || Maya, Chorus || [[Sirpi Balasubramaniam]]
|-
| "Kaatrinai Pol Ingu" || [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]] || [[Mu. Metha]]
|-
| "Viduthalaikuyil Naan" || [[Ilayaraja]], [[Megha (singer)|Megha]]|| [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=2210832}}

[[Category:2011 films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2011 drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:2011 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2011 Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

{{2010s-Tamil-film-stub}}

Dadra and Nagar Haveli Wildlife Sanctuary

2026-02-22T18:16:48Z

Drsuruchipuri: Creating Basic Article Initial Version.

{{Short description|Protected area in western India}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Dadra and Nagar Haveli Wildlife Sanctuary
| alt_name = Satmalia Deer Park Vasona Lion Safari
| iucn_category = IV
| image =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_size =
| map = India
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| map_width =
| relief = 1
| mapframe = Yes
| mark =
| mapframe-zoom = 11
| location = [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]], [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|DNHDD]], [[India]]
| nearest_city = [[Silvassa]]
| coordinates = {{coord|20.177|73.037|display=title,inline}}
| coords_ref =
| area = {{Convert|97|km2|abbr=on}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=DNH Wildlife Sanctuary Area |url=https://www.silvassaonline.in/city-guide/amp/vasona-lion-safari-park}}</ref>
| established =
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| governing_body = Dadra and Nagar Haveli Tourism
| world_heritage_site =
| url = https://dnh.gov.in/tourism
}}
'''Dadra and Nagar Haveli Wildlife Sanctuary''' is a [[List of wildlife sanctuaries of India|wildlife sanctuary]] located in the Indian Union Territory of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]. The sanctuary includes the Satmalia Deer Park<ref>{{Cite web |title=SATMALIA DEER SANCTUARY {{!}} Dadra & Nagar Haveli District Website {{!}} India |url=https://dnh.gov.in/tourist-place/satmalia-deer-sanctuary/ |access-date=2022-12-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> and Vasona Lion Safari<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vasona Lion Safari |url=https://dnh.gov.in/tourist-place/vasona-lion-safari |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=Dadra and Nagar Haveli Government}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Things to Do - Satmaliya Deer Park, Silvassa, Dadra and Nagar Haveli |url=http://www.nivalink.com/things-to-do/satmaliya-deer-park |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=www.nivalink.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhatnagar |first=Gaurav |title=Vasona lion safari and Satmalia deer park |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/things-to-do/vasona-lion-safari-and-satmalia-deer-park/articleshow/51696923.cms |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=Times of India Travel |language=en}}</ref>

== Satmalia Deer Park ==
The Satmalia Deer park is located near Khanvel village on Silvassa-Khanvel road, 12 km south of nearest city and district headquarter [[Silvassa]].

This wildlife sanctuary is a home for many antelope species such as [[Chital]], [[Nilgai]], [[Sambar deer|Sambar]], [[Chinkara]] and [[Blackbuck]]. Other species like [[Indian peafowl]], [[Black-rumped flameback|Flameback Woodpecker]], [[Thrush (bird)|Thrushes]] etc. can also be found.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Satmaliya Deer Park Travel and Tourism Guide |url=https://www.india.com/travel/silvassa/places-to-visit/parks-satmaliya-deer-park/ |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=India.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Satmalia Deer Park in Silvassa, Wildlife Sanctuaries in Silvassa |url=https://www.silvassaonline.in/city-guide/satmalia-deer-park |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=www.silvassaonline.in}}</ref>

== Vasona Lion Safari ==
Vasona Wildlife Sanctuary is also a part of this sanctuary located near the Satmalia Deer Park.

The Lion Safari Park is just 10 km south of [[Silvassa]], the nearest city.

The park was built for the preservation of the [[Asiatic lion|Asiatic Lion]]. The park is also a host to [[Pythonidae|Python]] species.<ref>{{Cite web |title=VASONA LION SAFARI {{!}} Dadra & Nagar Haveli District Website {{!}} India |url=https://dnh.gov.in/tourist-place/vasona-lion-safari/ |access-date=2022-12-22 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Gujarat]]

Neville Wadia

2026-02-09T04:54:14Z

Drsuruchipuri: enhanced section further and added references

{{short description|Indian businessman (1911–1996)}}
{{pp-pc|small=yes}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=January 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Neville Wadia
|birth_name = Neville Ness Wadia
|birth_date = {{birth date|1911|8|22|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Liverpool]], England
|death_date = {{death date and age|1996|7|31|1911|8|22|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Bombay]], India
|alma_mater = [[Malvern College]] [[Trinity College, Cambridge|Trinity College]]
|children = [[Nusli Wadia]] Diana N. Wadia
|spouse= {{marriage|[[Dina Jinnah]]|1938|1943|end=separated}}
|relatives= {{hlist|[[Wadia family]]|[[Jinnah family]]}}
}}
'''Neville Ness Wadia''' (22 August 1911 – 31 July 1996) was a British-born Indian businessman, philanthropist, and member of the [[Wadia family]], an old [[Parsi]] family which, by the 1840s, was one of the leading forces in the Indian shipbuilding industry. Wadia was the last of India's aristocratic taipans, who expanded his family textile concern into one of India's largest and donated lavishly for the welfare of the Parsee community to which he belonged.

== Life and career ==
Neville Ness Wadia was born in [[Liverpool]] on 22 August 1911 to Sir Ness Wadia and Lady Evelyne Clara Powell Wadia. He was the grandson of Nowrosjee Wadia and Bai Jerbai. Growing up Wadia's father divided his time between [[England]] and [[British Raj|India]]. Wadia spent his entire youth brought up in opulence in England and was educated at [[Malvern College]]. He later graduated from [[Trinity College, Cambridge]] in 1933.<ref name="Obituary">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituaryneville-wadia-1308408.html Obituary – The Independent 6 August 1996.] Retrieved 10 January 2010</ref>

Wadia married [[Dina Wadia|Dina]], the only child of [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], the founder of [[Pakistan]] and his wife [[Rattanbai Petit]], in 1938. The wedding was largely criticized due to being an inter-faith marriage, Dina belonged to a [[Muslim]] faith, and Wadia was a Parsi. The couple had two children, a son, [[Nusli Wadia]], and a daughter, Diana Wadia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/dina-wadia-jinnah-daughter-passes-away#read-more|title=Jinnah's Daughter Dina Wadia Dies, Leaves Behind Disputed Property|date=2 November 2017}}</ref> However, the marriage did not last long and the couple divorced in 1943.

Although his father was born a Parsi, he renounced the [[Zoroastrian]] faith and converted to Christianity. Wadia was raised as a [[Christian]] and was brought up in the [[Church of England]], but he later converted from Christianity to [[Zoroastrianism]].<ref name="Obituary" />

During the late 19th century, his father, Sir Ness Wadia, who was known as the Cotton King, played an important role in turning the city of [[Bombay]] into one of the world's largest cotton trading centers.<ref name="Obituary" /> In 1933, Neville was unceremoniously thrown into work at [[Bombay Dyeing]] by his father where he started working as a supervisor for loading of cotton bales on to trucks which was the most junior level in each department. He slowly worked his way to the top. He was paid no salary and given only a meagre allowance befitting a lowly employee. In 1952, Wadia succeeded his father as chairman of Bombay Dyeing, and under his leadership the company became one of India's most successful and quality-conscious textile concerns. Wadia founded the Cotton Textiles Export Promotion Council, which he headed for 12 years. He was also heavily involved in the real estate business in Mumbai, and he contributed to building new wings and upgrading several hospitals in Bombay founded by his family. He established a business school named as Modern Education Society's Neville Wadia Institute of Management studies and Research in Pune and a host of charitable trusts for Parsees. In 1971, Neville decided to sell the company to [[R. P. Goenka]] as it was failing and because the taxes in India at the time were very high and also had plans to settle abroad. However his son stopped him by garnering 11 per cent of the company shares and went on to persuade the employees to pool their savings and buy shares to prevent the sale. This made Neville change his mind of selling the company and forcing him to abandon his plans of settling abroad. After his retirement as chairman of Bombay Dyeing in 1977, he was succeeded by his son, [[Nusli Wadia]]. Neville Wadia died in Mumbai at age 84.<ref name="Obituary" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
*Hinnells, John R. (2005) ''The Zoroastrian Diaspora: Religion and Migration''. Oxford University Press,. {{ISBN|0-19-826759-2}}

{{Wadia Group}}
{{Jinnah}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wadia, Neville}}
[[Category:1911 births]]
[[Category:1996 deaths]]
[[Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Liverpool]]
[[Category:Converts to Zoroastrianism from Christianity]]
[[Category:English Zoroastrians]]
[[Category:Jinnah family]]
[[Category:Parsi people from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Mumbai]]
[[Category:People educated at Malvern College]]
[[Category:Indian businesspeople in the textile industry]]
[[Category:English people of Parsi descent]]
[[Category:Wadia family]]
[[Category:20th-century English businesspeople]]

Jagadish Shukla

2026-02-07T22:59:06Z

Drsuruchipuri: minor update

{{Short description|Indian meteorologist (born 1944)}}
{{BLP sources|date=September 2009}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Jagadish Shukla
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Jagadish Shukla at Symposium on the 50th Anniversary of Operational NWP.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| alt =
| caption =
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| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| other_names =
| field = Meteorology
| alma_mater =
| workplaces =
| doctoral_advisor = [[Jule Gregory Charney]]<ref name="charneybook">{{cite book |last1=Charney |first1=Jule Gregory |editor1-last=Shukla |editor1-first=Jagadish |title=Dynamics of Large-Scale Atmospheric and Oceanic Processes: Selected Papers of Jule Gregory Charney |date=2001 |publisher=A. Deepak Publishing |location=Hampton, Virginia |isbn=0-937194-40-9}}</ref>
| doctoral_students=
| notable_students =
| known_for =
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards = Padma Shri Award (2012), Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal of the [[NASA]]
| signature =
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| footnotes =
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}}
'''Jagadish Shukla<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cola.gmu.edu/shukla/|website=Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies (COLA)|access-date=6 July 2016|title=Jagadish Shukla}}</ref>''' (born 1944) is an Indian [[meteorologist]] and [[Distinguished University Professor]] at [[George Mason University]] in the United States.

==Early years==
Shukla was born in 1944 in the village of Middha in the [[Ballia district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. This village had no electricity, no roads or transportation, and no primary school building. Most of his primary school education was received under a large banyan tree, and he attended classes held in a cow shed.<ref name="billion-butterflies">{{cite web | url=https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250289209/abillionbutterflies/ | title=A Billion Butterflies }}</ref> He passed from the S.R.S. High School, Sheopur, in the first class with distinction in Mathematics and [[Sanskrit]].
He studied science, firstly outside school, then at S.C. College, Ballia. At [[Banaras Hindu University]], he passed BSc (honors) at the age of 18 with Physics, Mathematics, and Geology (first class) followed after a brief interval from studies by an MSc in Geophysics in 1964 and PhD in Geophysics in 1971 as an external student of BHU. He subsequently gained an ScD in Meteorology from [[MIT]] in 1976.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://science.gmu.edu/directory/jagadish-shukla | title=Jagadish Shukla | GMU College of Science }}</ref>

==Professional activities==
Shukla is a [[Distinguished University Professor]] at [[George Mason University]], USA, where he founded the Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Earth Sciences and Climate Dynamics PhD Program.

During the 1970s, the "butterfly effect" or "chaos" was the dominant theme of predictability research, and the community was skeptical about the prospects for dynamical seasonal prediction. Shukla's research led to the notion of predictability in the midst of chaos, and the development of a scientific basis for the prediction of climate which derives from the influence of the slow variations of the atmosphere's lower boundary conditions and their interactions with the atmosphere. Recognizing the enormous scientific implications and potential benefits to society from accurate and reliable seasonal forecasts, Shukla took an extraordinary and risky decision to resign from his tenure professorship at the [[University of Maryland]], and start a nonprofit institute, IGES, in his garage. Work by Shukla and his scientific colleagues has inspired routine dynamical seasonal prediction by numerous weather and climate centres around the world, helping society manage agricultural and economic activities, saving lives and property. Shukla also recognised the importance of land surface processes in climate variability and predictability and therefore established the Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies (COLA). Recognition of the importance of atmosphere-land interactions in climate dynamics has led to numerous research programs, field experiments, and space-missions. Another important contribution made by Shukla was his proposal in the early 1980s to carry out retrospective analysis of atmospheric observations. COLA scientists conducted the first pilot reanalysis as proof of concept at a time when the community was sceptical about the feasibility of reanalysis. Reanalysis of past data and climate diagnostic studies are now an important component of climate research.

Shukla's scientific contributions include studies of: the dynamics of [[monsoon]] depressions; the influences of snow, albedo, soil wetness, and surface roughness on climate variability; the influences of [[sea surface temperature]] in the Arabian Sea, equatorial Pacific Ocean, and north Pacific Ocean on seasonal variability; the intraseasonal and inter-annual variability of monsoons; the predictability and prediction of monsoons, tropical droughts, and [[El Niño]] and the Southern Oscillation; Amazon [[deforestation]], and [[desertification]] and [[reforestation]] in Sahel; and the seamless prediction of natural and forced climate variability. He has served as PhD thesis adviser for more than 20 students at [[MIT]], the [[University of Maryland]], and [[George Mason University]]. He has contributed to over 250 scientific papers and book chapters as author or co-author. He was a lead author of the [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]] (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report in 2007, which shared the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] with Vice-President Al Gore. He was appointed by the Governors of Virginia in 2008 and 2014 to their respective Climate Commissions.

Shukla has worked closely with scientists in [[India]], Italy, [[Brazil]], and [[South Korea]]. At the behest of the then Prime Minister [[Rajiv Gandhi]], Shukla helped establish the [[National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting]] (NCMRWF) in New Delhi, India. At the behest of the late Dr. [[Abdus Salam]], Shukla helped to form a weather and climate research group at the [[International Centre for Theoretical Physics]] (ICTP) in Trieste, Italy, which provides training to many scientists from developing countries. Shukla and COLA scientists have also helped in the establishment of a new Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences in [[Allahabad University]], India. He was a member of the inaugural committees for the establishment of the [[International Research Institute for Climate and Society]] (IRI) at [[Columbia University]], and the International Pacific Research Center (IPRC) at the [[University of Hawaii]]. In collaboration with the Director of ICTP, and the Secretary General of the [[World Meteorological Organization]] (WMO), Shukla helped establish the South Asian Climate Outlook Forum which enables South Asian countries to meet before each monsoon season to discuss their monsoon forecasts. At the behest of the then Prime Minister, Dr. [[Manmohan Singh]], Shukla was appointed to be the Chairman of the International Advisory Panel to advance the weather and climate enterprise of India.

Shukla has been associated with the [[World Climate Research Programme]] since its inception. He has been a member or chairman of numerous national and international programs, including the Monsoon Experiment (MONEX), the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission ([[TRMM]]), the Dynamical Extended-Range Forecasting (DERF) project, the [[Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere program]] (TOGA), the Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land Surface (GOALS) Program, the Climate Variability ([[CLIVAR]]) program, the [[ECMWF re-analysis]] (ERA) project, the [[Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment]] (GEWEX), Continental-scale International Project (GCIP), the Atlantic Climate Change Program (ACCP), the Seasonal-to-Interannual Modeling and Analysis Project (SIMAP), the Austral-Asian Monsoon Working Group (AAMWG), the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Joint Scientific Committee (JSC), the Coordinated Observation and Prediction of the Earth System (COPES) program, and the WCRP Modeling Panel (WMP). He was chairman of the 2008 World Modeling Summit for Climate Prediction, and he has been an advocate for creating multi-national climate modelling and prediction centres.

Shukla was the Founding President of the Institute of Global Environment and Society (IGES) and directed its Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies (COLA), which aims to improve understanding of climate variability and predictability on intraseasonal to decadal time scales within a changing climate. In 2013 it was decided to dissolve IGES. In 2015, IGES/COLA staff were hired as GMU employees and COLA continues to thrive as a centre of excellence within GMU.

Shukla has also been involved with several organisations dedicated to social justice, poverty reduction, and rural development. He was a long-time member of the Board of Trustees of the Seghal Foundation, dedicated to rural development in India. He established Gandhi Degree College in his village for education of rural students especially women.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/17/world/professor-teaches-change-in-his-indian-village.html | title=Professor Teaches Change in His Indian Village | work=The New York Times | date=17 August 2003 | last1=Waldman | first1=Amy }}</ref>

===Awards===
* In 2016, Shukla became an Honorary Member of the American Meteorological Society, in recognition of his outstanding achievements in the atmospheric and related sciences. This distinction is considered the highest award of the Society and is "as much of an honor for the Society as it is for the individual."
* In 2012, Shukla received the Padma Shri Award from the President of India, a national award honouring high achievement.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref>
* In 2008, Shukla became a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union (AGU).
* In 2007, Shukla received the 52nd [[International Meteorological Organization Prize|International Meteorological Organization (IMO) Prize]] from the [[World Meteorological Organization]], the highest scientific recognition in the world.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian wins UN's top met prize |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080405/world.htm#3 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=5 April 2008 |access-date=26 May 2008 }}</ref>
* In 2005, Shukla received the Carl Gustav Rossby Research Medal of the American Meteorological Society, the highest scientific recognition in the United States.
* In 2001, Shulka received the Walker Gold Medal of the [[Indian Meteorological Society]], the highest scientific recognition in India. * In 1982, Shukla received the Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal of NASA, the highest honour given to a civilian by NASA.
* In 1996, Shukla was named a Fellow of the Indian Meteorological Society (AMS), and an Associate Fellow of the Academy of Sciences of the Developing World (TWAS).
* In 1982, Shukla received the Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal, the highest honour given to a civilian by [[NASA]].
* Shukla has been a member/chairman of numerous national and international panels and committees, including a member of the Virginia Governor's Commission on Climate Change, and the Indian Prime Minister's Council on Climate Change.

==RICO 20 Controversy==
On 1 September 2015, Shukla was lead author of a letter from twenty climate scientists to President Obama, Attorney General [[Loretta Lynch]], and [[OSTP]] Director [[John Holdren]] calling on government to prosecute corporations and other organizations that have “knowingly deceived the American people about the [[Climate risk|risks of climate change]]” using RICO laws designed for other forms of organized crime.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150920110942/http://www.iges.org/letter/LetterPresidentAG.pdf Letter to President Obama, Attorney General Lynch, and OSTP Director Holdren]</ref> This letter was cited the following October by Representative [[Lamar S. Smith|Lamar Smith]] (R–TX) in an announcement of plans to investigate Shukla's IGES.<ref>{{ cite journal | journal = Science Magazine | author = Warren Cornwall | title = Climate scientist requesting federal investigation feels heat from House Republicans | date = 5 October 2015 | url = http://news.sciencemag.org/policy/2015/10/turnabout-house-republicans-say-they-ll-investigate-climate-scientist-requesting | access-date = 25 December 2015 }}</ref> Subsequently, the Inspector General of the National Science Foundation completed the investigation of IGES in November 2017 and concluded that there was no evidence to substantiate the allegations, the investigation was closed, and no further action would be taken.

==Bibliography==

* ''A Billion Butterflies: A Life in Climate and Chaos Theory''. (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2025). {{ISBN| 978-1-250-28920-9}}<ref name="billion-butterflies"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
{{2000s Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shukla, Jagdish}}
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian meteorologists]]
[[Category:People from Ballia district]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian earth scientists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:University of Maryland, College Park faculty]]
[[Category:American people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:George Mason University faculty]]

Girish Gangadharan

2026-02-07T19:26:48Z

Drsuruchipuri: Creating A Article Basic Info.

{{short description|Indian cinematographer}}
{{Indian patronymic|Girish|Gangadharan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Girish Gangadharan
| image =
| caption =
| birth_place =[[Chadayamangalam]], [[Kollam district|Kollam]], [[Kerala]], India
| occupation = [[Director of Photography]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1982|3|08}}
| yearsactive = 2013–present
| spouse = Shyna
}}
'''Girish Gangadharan''' {{small|[[Indian Society of Cinematographers|ISC]]}} (born 8 March 1982) is an Indian cinematographer known for his work in [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] and [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] films. He is the recipient of the [[National Film Award for Best Cinematography]]<ref>
{{cite news
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/67th-national-film-awards-girish-gangadharan-wins-the-award-for-best-cinematography-for-jallikattu/articleshow/81634111.cms
|title=67th National Film Awards: Girish Gangadharan wins the award for best cinematography for 'Jallikattu'
|work=[[The Times of India]]
|date=22 March 2021}}</ref> for his work in the 2019 film ''[[Jallikattu (2019 film)|Jallikkattu]]'' directed by [[Lijo Jose Pellissery]], which was India's official entry to that year's [[Academy Awards|Oscars]]. Additionally, he has also worked on the Tamil-language blockbuster ''[[Vikram (2022 film)|Vikram]]'' (2022) and what turned out to be a blockbuster at the box-office, ''[[Neelavelicham (film)|Neelavelicham]]'' (2023), though his work was highly acclaimed.

==Career==
Girish completed his cinematography course at the [[Government Film and Television Institute]], [[Bengaluru]], in 2008. Post-graduation, he started assisting [[Sameer Thahir]]. His debut as an independent cinematographer was in Sameer Thahir's directorial debut in 2013, ''[[Neelakasham Pachakadal Chuvanna Bhoomi]]''. Following his debut, some of his most notable works include ''[[Guppy (film)|Guppy]]'' (2016), ''[[Angamaly Diaries]]'' (2017), ''[[Swathanthryam Ardharathriyil]]'' (2018), and ''[[Jallikattu (2019 film)|Jallikattu]]'' (2019). He rose to national fame after the 11-minute single-[[long take]] in the climax of the ''Angamaly Diaries''. In the same manner, he also captured long takes in ''Jallikattu'' also.<ref>{{Cite web |last=George |first=Vijay |date=22 November 2018 |title=Cinematographer Girish Gangadharan on his life behind the lens |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/zooming-in-on-girish-gangadharan-and-his-life-behind-the-lens/article25564965.ece |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Srivatsan |date=28 October 2018 |title=Where cinematographer Girish Gangadharan breaks down five scenes from 'Jallikattu' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/deconstructing-the-frames-of-jallikattu/article29814300.ece |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> In 2016, he won the [[Kerala State Film Award – Special Mention]] for ''Guppy''. In 2021, he won the [[National Film Award for Best Cinematography]] for ''Jallikattu''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 March 2017 |title=Kerala State Awards 2016: full list of winners |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/kerala-film-awards-winners-list-malayalam-movie-actor.html |website=[[Malayala Manorama|OnManorama]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Satyendran |first=Nita |date=9 March 2017 |title=Diary of a cinematographer |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/gireesh-gangadharan-is-the-lensman-of-the-moment-in-mollywood/article17434181.ece |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Language !! Notes
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Neelakasham Pachakadal Chuvanna Bhoomi]]'' || rowspan="5" | [[Malayalam]]|| Debut film
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Mariyam Mukku]]'' ||
|-
|rowspan="2" | 2016 || ''[[Kali (2016 film)|Kali]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Guppy (film)|Guppy]]'' || [[Kerala State Film Award - Special Mention]]
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2017 || ''[[Angamaly Diaries]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Solo (2017 film)|Solo]]'' || Malayalam [[Tamil language|Tamil]]|| Bilingual film; Debut in [[Tamil cinema]]
|-
| ''[[Hey Jude (film)|Hey Jude]]'' || rowspan="2" | Malayalam ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018 || ''[[Swathandriam Ardharathriyil]]'' ||[[SIIMA|SIIMA Award for Best Cinematographer]]
|-
| ''[[Sarkar (2018 film)|Sarkar]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Jallikattu (2019 film)|Jallikkattu]]'' || rowspan="3" | Malayalam || Nominated {{Dash}} [[Asian Film Awards|Asian Film Award for Best Cinematographer]] Won {{Dash}} [[National Film Award for Best Cinematography]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-10-28 |title=Where cinematographer Girish Gangadharan breaks down five scenes from 'Jallikattu' |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/deconstructing-the-frames-of-jallikattu/article29814300.ece |access-date=2023-08-16 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2021 || ''[[Cold Case (2021 film)|Cold Case]]''
||
|-
| ''[[Bheemante Vazhi]]'' ||
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Vikram (2022 film)|Vikram]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023 || ''[[Djinn (Malayalam movie)|Djinn]]'' || rowspan="2" | Malayalam ||
|-
| ''[[Neelavelicham (film)|Neelavelicham]]''
|
|-
|rowspan="2" |2025
|''[[Kingdom (2025 film)|Kingdom]]''
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|Debut in [[Telugu cinema]]
|-
|''[[Coolie (2025 film)|Coolie]]''
|Tamil
|
|-
|2026
|{{Pending film|[[Magic (upcoming film)|Magic]]}}
|Telugu
|
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|5807498|Girish Gangadharan}}

{{National Film Award Best Cinematography}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gangadharan, Girish}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil cinematographers]]
[[Category:Malayalam film cinematographers]]
[[Category:Cinematographers from Kerala]]
[[Category:People from Kollam district]]
[[Category:Best Cinematography National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:1985 births]]

{{Cinematographer-stub}}

Shalimar Express

2026-01-31T00:09:53Z

Drsuruchipuri: improved page additionally and improved wording

'''Shalimar Express''' may refer to:

*[[Shalimar Express (India)]]
*[[Shalimar Express (Pakistan)]]
*[[Shalimar–Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Express]]

{{disambig}}

K. Venkatalakshamma

2026-01-12T04:19:57Z

Drsuruchipuri: starting article.

{{Short description|Bharatanatyam dancer (1906–2002)}}
{{Refimprove|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = K. Venkatalakshamma
| image = K. Venkatalakshamma.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1906|05|29}}
| birth_place = [[Kadur]], [[Mysore Kingdom]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| height =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2002|07|01|1906|05|29}}
| death_place = [[Kadur]], [[Chikmagalur]], [[Karnataka]], India
| yearsactive = 1918-2000
| birth_name = K.Venkatalakshmma
| othername =
| website =
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] – 1992 [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] – 1964

}}
'''K. Venkatalakshamma''' (29 May 1906 – 1 July 2002) was a renowned [[Bharatanatyam]] dancer.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nidamboor |first=Rajgopal |date=2020-03-04 |title=The Grand Dame Of Dance {{!}} Madras Courier |url=https://madrascourier.com/biography/the-grand-dame-of-dance/ |access-date=2025-02-13 |language=en-US}}</ref> A doyenne of the Mysore Style of Bharatanatyam, she was the last representative of the Mysore court tradition. She was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]], India's third highest civilian honour, in 1992.<ref>[http://india.gov.in/myindia/padmabhushan_awards_list1.php?start=390 India.gov list of Padma Bhushan awardees]</ref>

== Biography ==

===Early life===

Venkatalakshamma was born on 29 May 1906 in a [[Lambani]] family in Tangali Thanda (Now Venkata Lakshamma Nagara), [[Kadur]]. At the age of eight her grandparents took her to the royal court of Mysore to learn Bharatanatyam under the tutelage of the well-known dancer, 'Natya Saraswati' Jatti Thayamma.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

Venkatalakshamma learnt the art of dance in the gurukula system and made her ‘Ranga Pravesha’ when she was twelve. She learnt Sanskrit from Asthana Vidwans Devottama Jois, Shanta Shastry and Giri Bhatta, the essential components of Carnatic music from Dr B.Devendrappa and C.Rama Rao<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nidamboor|first1=Rajgopal|title=A Zealous Servant Of Her Art|url=http://wordoscope.com/wphome/a-zealous-servant-of-her-art|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331123026/http://wordoscope.com/wphome/a-zealous-servant-of-her-art|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 March 2022|website=Wordoscope}}</ref> and performed with her guru Thayamma for nearly 30 years.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

Venkatalakshamma would go to her Guru Thayamma's house in the early morning hours and engage in a series of rigorous exercises, some of which included lifting coins and needles with the eyelids to train the eye muscles for the demands of intricate abhinaya.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}} When it came to performance, aharya did not include heavy make-up or artificial jewellery, and rangapravesha was not a social event as it is now.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

===Career===

Venkatalakshamma was appointed "Asthana Vidushi," royal court dancer, by the great King [[Krishnarajendra Wodeyar|Krishnarajendra Wodeyar IV]] in 1939 and soon she became a household name in the world of Bharatanatyam.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dancer Venkatalakshamma dead|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Dancer-Venkatalakshamma-dead/articleshow/14899698.cms|agency=TNN|work=Times of India|date=3 July 2002}}</ref> She is credited with taking the Mysore style of Bharatanatyam to its zenith. She served as Asthana Vidushi for an incredible 40 years in the courts of Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV and [[Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar]], the last of the Mysore rulers.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

After 40 years of service in the palace, Venkatalakshamma, the famous abhinaya exponent, opened her own institution, Bharatiya Nritya Niketana.

When the Faculty of Dance was founded at the [[University of Mysore]] in 1965 Venkatalakshamma became its first Reader and retired after serving for nine years in 1974. After her retirement her granddaughter Shakuntalamma served as the Reader. Venkatalakshamma trained a host of dancers from both India and abroad, served as dance teacher and Principal at various institutes including the Nupura School of Bharatanatyam in Bangalore.

=== The Mysore Style ===

The Mysore style of Bharatanatyam started to assume its recognisable form in the nineteenth century under Krishnaraja Wodeyar III, but had begun to flourish during the rule of [[Chamaraja Wodeyar IX]] who invited Chinnaiah, one of the brothers of the famous Tanjore Quartet to the Mysore court. Chinnaiah's influence was soon imbibed by the already present dance forms and further shaped a style of Bharatanatyam with an unmistakable flavour of its own.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

According to Venkatalakshamma's student Lalitha Srinivasan, rhythmic extravaganza was not entertained at the Mysore court. Instead, the lyrical beauty of the compositions, the melodious music with apt facial expressions and hand gestures was given precedence to, and a rich repertoire of abhinaya numbers developed. This sets the Mysore style apart from the other types of Bharatanatyam. Nritta is a skill one acquires through practice and technique. Abhinaya is the result of the entirety of a dancer's personal views and their innate ability to interpret. It is highly individualistic. Therefore, one can guide a person in abhinaya, but one can never fully teach it.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Tomas|first1=Lora|title=Beyond the Body|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/beyond-the-body/article5923314.ece|work=The Hindu|date=18 April 2014}}</ref>

Venkatalakshamma is the grandaunt of the Kannada writer and politician [[B.T. Lalitha Naik]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=ನಾಯಕ್ [Naik]|first1=ಬಿ.ಟಿ. ಲಲಿತಾ [B.T. Lalitha]|title=ಬಂಜಾರ ಹೆಜ್ಜೆಗುರುತುಗಳು [Banjara Hejjegurutugalu]|date=2009 |publisher=ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ರಾಜ್ಯ ಪತ್ರಾಗಾರ ಇಲಾಖೆ [Karnataka Rajya Patragara Ilakhe]|location=Bangalore|isbn=978-81-908438-1-2|page=142}}</ref>

==Awards and honours==

* [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] (its first awardee from Karnataka in 1964)
* Sangeet Nritya Academy Award (1976)
* D.Litt. from [[Mysore University]] (1977)
* [[Kannada Rajyotsava|Kannada Rajyotsava Award]] (1988)
* Sangeeta Kalaratna (1989) from [[Bangalore Gayana Samaja]]
* [[Padma Bhushan]] (1992)
* first [[Shantala Natya Sri Award]] (the highest award for a dancer in Karnataka: 1995)<ref name="Karnataka">{{cite web |title=Profile of recipients of 'Shantala Natya Sri Awards' |url=https://www.karnataka.gov.in/page/Awards/State+Awards/Shantala+Natya+Awards/en |website=www.karnataka.gov.in |publisher=Karnataka Government}}</ref>
* Nadoja Award from [[Hampi University|University of Hampi]] (2001)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Keshava|first1=Dasappa|title=My mentor Dr. K Venkatalakshamma|url=https://narthaki.com/info/profiles/profl129.html|website=Narthaki.com|publisher=Narthaki Online|access-date=7 June 2015}}</ref>

==References ==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*Lynne Hanna, Judith (1988) ''Dance, Sex, and Gender: Signs of Identity, Dominance, Defiance, and Desire'', Chicago: University of Chicago Press, {{ISBN|9780226315515}}
*Waterhouse, David Ed. (1998) ''Dance of India: Issue 10 of South Asian studies papers'', Toronto: University of Toronto, Centre for South Asian Studies, {{ISBN|9781895214154}}
*Sampath, Vikram (2008) ''Splendours of Royal Mysore: The Untold Story of the Wodeyars'', Delhi: Rupa and Co, {{ISBN|978-81-291-1360-3}}
:In [[Kannada]]:
*Srinivasan, Lalitha (1995) ''Padmabhushana Dr.K.Venkatalakshamma'', Bangalore: Karnataka Sangeeta Nritya Academy.

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1990–99}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Venkatalakshamma, Kadur}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]
[[Category:Bharatanatyam dancers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Indian female classical dancers]]
[[Category:1906 births]]
[[Category:2002 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Chikmagalur district]]
[[Category:Dancers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Mysore]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:Women artists from Karnataka]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women artists]]

Patil (Koli title)

2026-01-09T03:10:13Z

Drsuruchipuri: creating post!

{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Short description|Village chief title in India}}
{{About|a title of Koli caste in Maharashtra|Gujarat|Patel}}
The '''Patil'''<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Kumar Suresh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4bfmnmsBfQ4C&dq=Patil+Koli&pg=PA1884 |title=Maharashtra |last2=Bhanu |first2=B. V. |last3=India |first3=Anthropological Survey of |date=2004 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7991-102-0 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=1884 |language=en}}</ref> (also known as '''Gaonpatil''' and '''Sarpatil''')<ref>{{Cite book |last=Punekar |first=Vinaja B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VOU9AAAAIAAJ |title=The Son Kolis of Bombay |date=1959 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |location=New Delhi, India |pages=301 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[Indian honorifics|title]] used by [[Koli people|Koli]] chiefs of villages in [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=132–133: A Koli Patil of his own village of Devgaon let him, Bhau Dungar and Khundu Sable hide out in a cattle shed which he kept in the mountains of Baglan, on the border with Khandesh. In September, after the monsoon was over, Raghu |language=en}}</ref>

{{Infobox tribe|name=Koli Patil|type=Honorific title of Koli caste|ethnicity=[[Koli people]]|location=*[[Maharashtra]]
*[[Karnataka]]
*[[Goa]]
*[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]|varna=[[Agriculturist]]|parent_tribe=*Mahadev Kolis
*Son Kolis
*Malhar Kolis
*Pardeshi Kolis
*Tokre Kolis|demonym=[[Koli people|Koli]]s|branches=*Koli Patil
*Koli Paatil|language=*[[Koli language (disambiguation)|Koli language]]
*[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
*[[Konkani language|Konkani]]
*[[Hindi]]
*[[English language|English]]|religion=[[Hinduism]]}}

the [[Janjira State|Janjira]] island was built and fortified by Koli chieftain [[Ram Patil]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ali |first=Shanti Sadiq |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-3CPc22nMqIC&dq=Patil+Koli&pg=PA158 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times |date=1996 |publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]] |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=158 |language=en}}</ref> Koli Patils sometimes called as '''Gaonpatil''' which means 'village head' and it is found among both [[Hindus|Hindu]] and [[Koli Christians|Christian Kolis]]. Patil is hereditary title to the Koli families of Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Kalpana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6RJWYfvHBCQC&dq=Patil+Koli&pg=PA43 |title=Rediscovering Dharavi: Stories from Asia's Largest Slum |date=2000 |publisher=[[Penguin Books India]] |isbn=978-0-14-100023-7 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=43 |language=en}}</ref> In Koli society, there were several types of Patil<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818-1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |date=1978 |publisher=[[University of Minnesota]] |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref>
* Police Patil: Police Patil was a service position in Kolis during [[British Raj]] and [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] rule. Kolis who were serving as in-charge of police knowns as Police Patil.{{sfn|Sharma|1978|pp=148}}
* Zemidar Patil: the Kolis who were village headman or landlord were known as [[Zamindar|Zemidar]] Patil. They received the grants of villages from rulers for their services in [[Princely state]]s, kingdoms and [[Deccan sultanates|Sultanates]].{{sfn|Sharma|1978|pp=149}}
* Samajik Patil: the Koli people who were responsible to maintain order in Koli society and resolve their problems were called as Samajik Patil.{{sfn|Sharma|1978|pp=317}}

Kolis of Maharashtra served in Maratha Empire and a Koli Patil who was naval chief in [[Maratha Navy]] named [[Laya Sarpatil|Laya]] was honoured by [[Shivaji]] with the title of [[Patil (surname)|Sarpatil]] and grants of villages for his courageous actions and [[Siddi]]s of [[Murud-Janjira|Janjira]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khandpekar |first=Neeta M |date=September 2018 |title=India's Maritime History: Sea-faring groups and Maritime Icons |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327829489 |journal=ResearchGate|via=[[University of Mumbai]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Koli, Patil}}
[[Category:Maratha Empire]]

1961 North Indian Ocean cyclone season

2025-12-27T12:08:34Z

Drsuruchipuri: Expanded content with additional details

{{Short description|none}} 
{{Infobox hurricane season
|Track=1961 North Indian Ocean cyclone season summary map.png
|Basin=NIO
|Year=1961
|First storm formed=January 9, 1961
|Last storm dissipated=October 25, 1961
|Strongest storm name=Three
|Strongest storm winds=50
|Strongest storm pressure=980
|Total disturbances=18
|Total depressions=8
|Total storms=5
|Total intense=2
|Fatalities=11,525 total
|Damages=
|five seasons=[[1950s North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons|1950s]], [[1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|1960]], '''1961''', [[1962 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|1962]], [[1963 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|1963]]
|Atlantic season=1961 Atlantic hurricane season
|East Pacific season=1961 Pacific hurricane season
|West Pacific season=1961 Pacific typhoon season
}}

The '''1961 North Indian Ocean cyclone season''' had no bounds, but cyclones tend to form between April and December, with peaks in May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern [[Indian Ocean]]. There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean—the [[Bay of Bengal]] to the east of the [[Indian subcontinent]] and the [[Arabian Sea]] to the west of India. The official [[Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre]] in this basin is the [[India Meteorological Department]] (IMD), while the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] releases unofficial advisories. An average of four to six storms form in the North Indian Ocean every season with peaks in May and November.<ref name="IMD">{{cite web|url=http://www.imd.ernet.in/services/cyclone/tropical-cyclone.htm |title=IMD Cyclone Warning Services: Tropical Cyclones |publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]] |accessdate=May 10, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081104064430/http://www.imd.ernet.in/services/cyclone/tropical-cyclone.htm |archivedate=4 November 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Cyclones occurring between the meridians [[45th meridian east|45°E]] and [[100th meridian east|100°E]] are included in the season by the IMD.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=India Meteorological Department |date=January 2009 |accessdate=May 10, 2013 |title=Report on Cyclonic Disturbances Over the North Indian During 2008 |url=http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.pdf |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090529004113/http://www.imd.ernet.in/services/cyclone/tropical-cyclone.htm |archivedate=May 29, 2009 }}</ref>

==Season summary==
{{center|<timeline>
ImageSize = width:800 height:210
PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:50 left:20
Legend = columns:3 left:30 top:58 columnwidth:270
AlignBars = early
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy
Period = from:01/01/1961 till:01/11/1961
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMinor = grid:black unit:month increment:1 start:01/01/1961
Colors =
id:canvas value:gray(0.88)
id:GP value:red
id:TD value:rgb(0,0.52,0.84) legend:Depression_(31–50_km/h)
id:DD value:rgb(0.43,0.76,0.92) legend:Deep_Depression_(51–62_km/h)
id:TS value:rgb(0.3,1,1) legend:Cyclonic_Storm_(63–88_km/h)
id:ST value:rgb(0.75,1,0.75) legend:Severe_Cyclonic_Storm_(89–117_km/h)
id:VS value:rgb(1,0.85,0.55) legend:Very_Severe_Cyclonic_Storm_(118–165_km/h)
id:ES value:rgb(1,0.45,0.54) legend:Extremely_Severe_Cyclonic_Storm_(166–220_km/h)
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PlotData=
barset:Hurricane width:10 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till
from:09/01/1961 till:11/01/1961 color:TD text:"One"
from:18/02/1961 till:21/02/1961 color:DD text:"Two"
from:05/05/1961 till:09/05/1961 color:ST text:"Three (Winnie)"
from:23/05/1961 till:25/05/1961 color:VS text:"Four"
from:27/05/1961 till:30/05/1961 color:VS text:"Five"
from:08/06/1961 till:13/06/1961 color:TD text:"Six"
from:21/06/1961 till:26/06/1961 color:ST text:"Seven"
barset:break
from:27/06/1961 till:28/06/1961 color:TD text:"Eight"
from:27/06/1961 till:28/06/1961 color:TD text:"Ten"
from:01/07/1961 till:02/07/1961 color:TD text:"Nine"
from:18/07/1961 till:19/07/1961 color:TD text:"Eleven"
from:27/08/1961 till:28/08/1961 color:TD text:"Twelve"
from:06/09/1961 till:16/09/1961 color:DD text:"Thirteen"
from:11/09/1961 till:17/09/1961 color:TS text:"Fourteen"
barset:break
from:22/09/1961 till:23/09/1961 color:TD text:"Fifteen"
from:27/09/1961 till:02/10/1961 color:DD text:"Sixteen"
from:09/10/1961 till:13/10/1961 color:TD text:"Seventeen"
from:24/10/1961 till:25/10/1961 color:TD text:"Eighteen"

bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas
from:01/01/1961 till:31/01/1961 text:January
from:01/02/1961 till:28/02/1961 text:February
from:01/03/1961 till:31/03/1961 text:March
from:01/04/1961 till:30/04/1961 text:April
from:01/05/1961 till:31/05/1961 text:May
from:01/06/1961 till:30/06/1961 text:June
from:01/07/1961 till:31/07/1961 text:July
from:01/08/1961 till:31/08/1961 text:August
from:01/09/1961 till:30/09/1961 text:September
from:01/10/1961 till:31/10/1961 text:October
</timeline>}}

==Systems==
{{clear}}
===Depression One===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Track=
|Image=01-B 1961 track.png
|Formed=January 9
|Dissipated=January 11
|Type1=niodepression
|3-min winds=30
|Pressure=1006
}}
A depression developed on January 9. It cut across northern Ceylon and southern India before dissipating on January 11.<ref name="DOne">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=1–3}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Deep Depression Two===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=02-B 1961 track.png
|Formed=February 18
|Dissipated=February 21
|Type1=deepdepression
|3-min winds=30
|Pressure=1006
}}
A deep depression developed in the Bay of Bengal on February 18. It moved generally northward and dissipated on February 21.<ref name="DDTwo">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Deep depression in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=3–5}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Severe Cyclonic Storm Three (Winnie)===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=04-B 1961 track.png
|Formed=May 5
|Dissipated=May 9
|Type1=
|3-min winds=50
|1-min winds=85
|Pressure=980
}}

From May 6–9, the JTWC tracked this system as Tropical Storm Winnie.<ref name="SCSThree">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Severe cyclonic storm in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=5–7}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|title=Annual Typhoon Report 1961|date=April 11, 1962|url=https://metoc.ndbc.noaa.gov/ProductFeeds-portlet/img/jtwc/atcr/1961atcr.pdf|format=PDF|access-date=December 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224030711/https://metoc.ndbc.noaa.gov/ProductFeeds-portlet/img/jtwc/atcr/1961atcr.pdf|archivedate=December 24, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]] estimated that the storm attained peak one-minute winds of {{convert|155|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}.<ref name="NOAA">{{cite journal|journal=[[Monthly Weather Review]]|author =Gordon E. Dunn, United States Weather Bureau|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|issue=3|volume=90|date=March 1962|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=The Tropical Cyclone Problem In East Pakistan|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/090/mwr-090-03-0083.pdf|doi=10.1175/1520-0493(1962)090<0083:TTCPIE>2.0.CO;2|pages=83–86|bibcode = 1962MWRv...90...83D |doi-access=free}}</ref>

In East Pakistan, 11,468 people were killed.<ref name="Deadliest">{{cite journal|journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society|publisher=[[American Meteorological Society]]|author=Neil L.|author2=Frank S. A. Husain|author3=National Hurricane Center, Pakistan Meteorological Department|title=The Deadliest Tropical Cyclone in History?|date=June 1971|pages=438–444|volume=52|issue=6|doi=10.1175/1520-0477(1971)052<0438:TDTCIH>2.0.CO;2|bibcode=1971BAMS...52..438F|doi-access=free}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Four===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=03-A 1961 track.png
|Formed=May 23
|Dissipated=May 25
|Type1=
|3-min winds=65
|Pressure=984
}}

It caused considerable damage in southwestern India.<ref name="SCSFour">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Severe cyclonic storm in the Arabian Sea|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=7–9}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Five===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=05-B 1961 track.png
|Formed=May 27
|Dissipated=May 30
|Type1=
|3-min winds=65
|Pressure=983
}}

Caused considerable damage in East Pakistan, where wind gusts reached {{convert|155|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}.<ref name="SCSFive">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Severe cyclonic storm in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=9–10}}</ref> A [[storm surge]] of {{convert|6.4|m|ft|abbr=on}} was measured in [[Chittagong]]. Due to advanced warnings, put out an unprecedented 36 hours before the storm, relatively few casualties took place.<ref name="NOAA"/>
{{clear}}

===Depression Six===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=06-B 1961 track.png
|Formed=June 8
|Dissipated=June 13
|Type1=niodepression
|3-min winds=30
|Pressure=994
}}

Produced torrential rain over northeastern India, with [[Cherrapunji]] recording {{convert|1340|mm|in|abbr=on}} of precipitation over a four-day span.<ref name="DSix">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=10–11}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Severe Cyclonic Storm Seven===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=08-A 1961 track.png
|Formed=June 21
|Dissipated=June 26
|Type1=
|3-min winds=55
|Pressure=
}}
A severe cyclonic storm developed in the Arabian Sea on June 21. The system struck western India before dissipating on June 26.<ref name="SCSSeven">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Severe cyclonic storm in the Arabian Sea|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=11–12}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Depression Eight===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=07-B 1961 track.png
|Formed=June 27
|Dissipated=June 28
|Type1=
|3-min winds=20
|Pressure=
}}
A depression developed in the Bay of Bengal on June 27. The system struck the state of West Bengal in India and promptly dissipated.<ref name="DEight">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=12–13}}</ref>
{{clear}}
===Land Depression Ten===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=10-A 1961 track.png
|Formed=June 27
|Dissipated=June 28
|Type1=
|3-min winds=20
|Pressure=
}}
The depression remained around the Gujarat Peninsula for several days, resulting in prolonged rains that amounted to {{convert|680|mm|in|abbr=on}} in [[Junagadh]].<ref name="LDTen">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Land depression over Saurashtra-Kutch|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=14}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Depression Nine===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=09-B 1961 track.png
|Formed=July 1
|Dissipated=July 2
|Type1=niodepression
|3-min winds=
|Pressure=
}}
The ninth depression of the season existed inland over eastern India. It developed on July 1 and dissipated the following day.<ref name="DNine">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=13}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Land Depression Eleven===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=11-A 1961 track.png
|Formed=July 18
|Dissipated=July 19
|Type1=niodepression
|3-min winds=40
|Pressure=
}}
Another land depression briefly existed over western India from July 18 to July 19.<ref name="LDEleven">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Land depression over lower Sindh|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=14–15}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Depression Twelve===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=
|Formed=August 27
|Dissipated=August 28
|Type1=niodepression
|3-min winds=30
|Pressure=995
}}
The twelfth depression of the season existed from August 27 to August 28.<ref name="DTwelve">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Arabian Sea|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=15}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Deep Depression Thirteen===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=13-B 1961 track.png
|Formed=September 6
|Dissipated=September 16
|Type1=deepdepression
|3-min winds=30
|Pressure=992
}}
Deep depression produced heavy rains over a large swath of northern India, with several areas reporting daily totals in excess of {{convert|300|mm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name="DDThirteen">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Deep depression in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=15–16}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Cyclonic Storm Fourteen===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=12-B 1961 track.png
|Formed=September 11
|Dissipated=September 17
|Type1=
|3-min winds=40
|Pressure=987
}}
Heavy rains from the storm caused significant flooding in Vidarbha and Madhya Pradesh.<ref name="CSFourteen">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Cyclonic storm in the Bay|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=17–18}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Depression Fifteen===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=14-B 1961 track.png
|Formed=September 22
|Dissipated=September 23
|Type1=niodepression
|3-min winds=
|Pressure=
}}
The fifteenth depression of the season developed in the northern Bay of Bengal on September 22. It then struck West Bengal before dissipating on September 23.<ref name="DFifteen">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=18–19}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Deep Depression Sixteen===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=15-B 1961 track.png
|Formed=September 27
|Dissipated=October 2
|Type1=deepdepression
|3-min winds=30
|Pressure=
}}
A deep depression developed in the Bay of Bengal on September 27. The system then moved inland over West Bengal. It meandered inland until dissipating on October 2.<ref name="DDSixteen">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=19–20}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Land Depression Seventeen===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=17-B 1961 track.png
|Formed=October 9
|Dissipated=October 13
|Type1=niodepression
|3-min winds=
|Pressure=
}}
Significant flooding resulted from the depression's heavy rains, with 57 fatalities occurring in Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="LDSeventeen">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Land depression over central parts of the country|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=20–21}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Depression Eighteen===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=16-B 1961 track.png
|Formed=October 24
|Dissipated=October 25
|Type1=niodepression
|3-min winds=25
|Pressure=1009
}}
The final depression of the season developed in the Bay of Bengal on October 24. It soon struck the province of East Pakistan in Pakistan and dissipated on the following day.<ref name="DEighteen">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1961|accessdate=May 10, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26B.pdf|pages=21}}</ref>
{{clear}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
* [[North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone]]
* [[List of tropical cyclone records]]
* [[List of wettest tropical cyclones]]
* [[1961 Atlantic hurricane season]]
* [[1961 Pacific hurricane season]]
* [[1961 Pacific typhoon season]]
* Australian region cyclone seasons: [[1960–61 Australian region cyclone season|1960–61]] [[1961–62 Australian region cyclone season|1961–62]]
* South Pacific cyclone seasons: [[1960–61 South Pacific cyclone season|1960–61]] [[1961–62 South Pacific cyclone season|1961–62]]
* South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: [[1960–61 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season|1960–61]] [[1961–62 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season|1961–62]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150517005046/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cyclone.htm India Meteorological Department]
*[http://www.usno.navy.mil/JTWC/ Joint Typhoon Warning Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809201922/http://www.usno.navy.mil/JTWC/ |date=2015-08-09 }}

{{TC Decades|Year=1960|basin=North Indian Ocean|type=cyclone}}
{{Tropical cyclone season|1961}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1961 North Indian Ocean Cyclone Season}}
[[Category:1961 North Indian Ocean cyclone season| ]]
[[Category:Tropical cyclones in India]]
[[Category:1961 in India|North Indian Ocean Cyclone Season]]

Sister Nibedita Government General Degree College for Girls

2025-12-17T16:03:20Z

Drsuruchipuri: added basic article v1 - done

{{refimprove|date=July 2022}}
{{primary sources|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Sister Nibedita Government General Degree College for Girls
| native_name =
| image_name = Sister Nibedita Government General Degree College.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| latin_name =
| motto =
| mottoeng =
| established = 2015
| closed =
| type = Government college
| affiliation = [[University of Calcutta]]
| endowment = Government of [[West Bengal]]
| officer_in_charge = Dr. Sebanti Bhattacharya
| chairman =
| chancellor =
| president =
| vice-president =
| superintendent =
| provost =
| vice_chancellor =
| rector =
| dean =
| director =
| head_label =
| head =
| faculty =
| staff =
| students =
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| other =
| city = Kolkata
| state = West Bengal
| province =
| country = India
| coor =
| campus =
| former_names =
| free_label =
| free =
| sports =
| colors =
| colours =
| nickname =
| mascot =
| athletics =
| website = https://www.snggdcg.ac.in
| logo =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Sister Nibedita Government General Degree College for Girls''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://girlsdegreecollege.org/aboutus_history.php|title=:: Sister Nibedita Sister Nibedita Government General Degree College For Girls ::|website=girlsdegreecollege.org|access-date=2016-04-04}}</ref> Hastings House, is the first government girls' degree college in West Bengal to be established<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://highereducationwb.in/Budget%20plan/ENGLISH-2014.pdf|title=budget_speech|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.exintimes.com/sister-nivedita-college-a-new-college-for-women-founds-mention-in-the-register-of-govern/|title=Sister Nivedita College: a new college for women founds mention in the register of government|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> after independence. It is named after [[Sister Nivedita]] in the heritage campus of Hastings House,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-07-16/news/64495421_1_mamata-banerjee-foundation-stone-hyderabad-house|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929085608/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-07-16/news/64495421_1_mamata-banerjee-foundation-stone-hyderabad-house|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 September 2015|title=Mamata Banerjee lays foundation for Soujanya|website=timesofindia-economictimes|access-date=2016-04-04}}</ref> the erstwhile residence of the first [[Governor-Generals of India|Governor General of India]]. This college is affiliated to [[University of Calcutta]] and recognized under Section 2(f) of UGC Act.

==Academics==
The college offers undergraduate honours and pass courses: -

{| class="wikitable"
! Subject
! Course
! Intake capacity
|-
|[[Mathematics]]
|Hons
|15
|-
|[[Statistics]]
|Hons
|15
|-
|[[Physiology]]
|Hons
|15
|-
|[[Geology]]
|Hons
|15
|-
|[[Computer Science]]
|Hons
|15
|-
|[[Zoology]]
|Hons
|15
|-
|[[Botany]]
|Hons
|15
|-
|[[Geography]]
|Hons
|25
|-
|[[English studies|English]]
|Hons
|25
|-
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|Hons
|25
|-
|[[Sanskrit]]
|Hons
|25
|-
|[[Philosophy]]
|Hons
|25
|-
|[[Economics]]
|Hons
|25
|-
|[[Political Science]]
|Hons
|25
|-
|[[Food]] and [[Nutrition]]
|Hons
|15
|-
|[[History]]
|Hons
|25
|-
|[[Physics]]
|Hons
|25
|}

== Activities==
* NSS
* [[Sport|Sports]]
* Cultural programme
* Seminars
* Publications

== Facilities==
* [[Library]]
* Canteen
* Computer Room
* Student Common Room
* Smart Class
* WiFi Campus
* Sick Room
* Grievance Redressal Cell
* Career Counseling
* Anti Ragging
* Fellowships

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.snggdcg.ac.in/ College website]
* [http://www.wbhed.gov.in/ WB Higher Education]
* [http://www.caluniv.ac.in/ University of Calcutta]

{{University of Calcutta}}
{{coord|22|31|23|N|88|20|4|E|type:edu_source:kolossus-ruwiki|display=title}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Universities and colleges in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Women's universities and colleges in West Bengal]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta affiliates]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2015]]
[[Category:2015 establishments in West Bengal]]

Super Night with Tubelight

2025-12-15T14:46:00Z

Drsuruchipuri: added initial details more to come - done

{{short description|2017 Indian comedy television special}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Super Night with Tubelight.png
| caption = Title card
| genre = [[Sketch comedy]] [[Talk show]]
| runtime = 73 minutes
| creator = [[Sunil Grover]] [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)|Sony TV]]
| developer = Sunil Grover Sony TV
| presenter = [[Aparshakti Khurana]]
| starring =
| director =
| country = India
| network = [[Sony Entertainment Television]]
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| released = {{Start date|df=y|2017|6|17}}
| related =
| location =
}}

'''''Super Night with Tubelight''''' is a 2017 Indian comedy television special developed by [[Sunil Grover]] and was broadcast on [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)|Sony TV]]. The special episode was hosted by [[Aparshakti Khurana]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/what-s-hot/story/sunil-grover-finally-unveils-his-look-for-super-night-with-tubelight-salman-khan-lifetv-982110-2017-06-11|title=Sunil Grover finally unveils his look for Super Night with Tubelight; see pic|newspaper=[[India Today]]|date=11 June 2017|access-date=22 June 2017}}</ref> It was scheduled to release on 18 June 2017, but got aired a day before; due to the [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy Final|final match]] of [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy]] between India and Pakistan on 18 June.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/super-night-with-tubelight-salman-khan-episode-got-aired-a-day-before-leaving-fans-shocked-but-the-reason-is-justified-4710025/|title=Super Night With Tubelight: Salman Khan episode got aired a day before leaving fans shocked. But the reason is justified|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|date=18 June 2017|accessdate=22 June 2017}}</ref>

The episode was made by [[Sunil Grover]] for [[Salman Khan]], where Khan promoted his film ''[[Tubelight (2017 Hindi film)|Tubelight]]''. Grover reported ''[[Daily News and Analysis|DNA]]'', "I came back to Sony only for a very special person, Salman Khan. It's a special show dedicated to his new film Tubelight."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-sunil-grover-talks-about-his-return-on-sony-with-super-night-with-tubelight-2472598|title=Sunil Grover talks about his return on Sony with Super Night with Tubelight|newspaper=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=15 June 2017|accessdate=22 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/why-sunil-grover-agreed-to-do-super-night-with-tubelight-because-salman-khan-1712628?site=full|title=Why Sunil Grover Agreed To Do Super Night With Tubelight (Because, Salman Khan)|work=[[NDTV]]|date=15 June 2017|accessdate=22 June 2017}}</ref>

==Plot==
Dr. Mashoor Gulati operates Salman Khan on the stage and it was discovered that a dumbbell, a heater and a deodorant had been stuck inside Salman's abdomen.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/super-night-with-tubelight-salman-khan-sohail-have-gala-time-with-sunil-grover-3713719.html|title=Super Night with Tubelight: Salman Khan, Sohail have gala time with Sunil Grover|newspaper=First Post|date=19 June 2017|accessdate=22 June 2017}}</ref><ref name="Super Night with Tubelight: Salman Khan and Sohail Khan have a laughter riot playing Dutt Ka Dum">{{cite news|url=http://www.india.com/showbiz/super-night-with-tubelight-salman-khan-and-sohail-khan-have-a-laughter-riot-playing-dutt-ka-dum-with-sanket-bhosale-2246283/|title=Super Night with Tubelight: Salman Khan and Sohail Khan have a laughter riot playing Dutt Ka Dum|work=[[India.com]]|date=18 June 2017|accessdate=22 June 2017}}</ref>

[[Mouni Roy]] with child artists Masoom, Yogesh and Ditya performs some of the iconic numbers from Salman's films.

After playing the character of the doctor, Grover plays the character of [[Amitabh Bachchan]] and hosts Kaun Banega Crorepati Duplicate (spoof of ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]]''), in which Salman and Sohail participates as contestants. Grover mimics Bachchan and repeating his popular dialogues 'toh computer ko lock kiya jaye'.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood-salman-sunil-unite-to-fight-kapil-herere-few-highlights-of-super-nights-with-tubelight-386507|title=Salman, Sunil join hands against Kapil? Highlights of Super Night with Tubelight|work=[[India TV]]|date=16 June 2017|accessdate=22 June 2017}}</ref>

The episode also shows few glimpse of Salman's film ''[[Maine Pyar Kiya]]'', in which Sugandha Mishra mimics actress [[Bhagyashree]].{{fact|date=December 2023}}

Sanket Bhosale mimics [[Sanjay Dutt]] while spoofing game show ''[[10 Ka Dum]]''.{{fact|date=December 2023}}

The show ends with [[Jubin Nautiyal]] singing "Tinka Tinka", [[Nakash Aziz]] singing "Kintu Parantu" and [[Amit Mishra (singer)|Amit Mishra]] singing "Radio".{{fact|date=December 2023}}
==Cast==
* [[Sunil Grover]] as Dr. Mashoor Gulati, [[Amitabh Bachchan]]
* [[Aparshakti Khurana]] as Host
* [[Salman Khan]] as Guest
* [[Sohail Khan]] as Guest
* [[Ali Asgar (actor)|Ali Asgar]] as Laila, Pigeon
* [[Chandan Prabhakar]]
* [[Sugandha Mishra]]
* [[Sanket Bhosale]] as [[Sanjay Dutt]]

==Reception==
Parmita Uniyal of ''[[India Today]]'' did not like the episode and said, "Without Kapil, despite all the masala acts the 2-hour special episode somewhere lacked in soul."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/television/story/super-night-with-tubelight-review-salman-khan-sunil-grover-kapil-sharma-ali-asgar-sanket-bhosle-sugandha-mishra-lifetv-983378-2017-06-18|title=Super Night With Tubelight had its super moments, but this is where it failed|newspaper=India Today|date=18 June 2017|access-date=22 June 2017}}</ref> Subhash K Jha of ''DNA'' also did not like the episode and said, "Super Night With Sunil Grover and Salman? Not so super!" He further asked Grover to go back to ''[[The Kapil Sharma Show]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-sunil-grover-s-super-night-with-tubelight-proves-why-he-should-go-back-to-kapil-sharma-s-show-2477083|title=Sunil Grover's Super Night With Tubelight proves why he should go back to Kapil Sharma's show!|newspaper=Daily News and Analysis|date=19 June 2017|accessdate=22 June 2017}}</ref>

However, Maggie Davis of ''[[India.com]]'' liked the episode and said, "''Super Night with Tubelight'' was indeed a fun-filled episode!"<ref name="Super Night with Tubelight: Salman Khan and Sohail Khan have a laughter riot playing Dutt Ka Dum"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2017 television specials]]
[[Category:Indian television specials]]
[[Category:Sony Entertainment Television original programming]]

Jaipur district

2025-11-24T11:37:02Z

Drsuruchipuri: slightly improve intro per sources and fixed typos

{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Jaipur|disambiguation|Jaipur (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jaipur district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Rajasthan|District]] of [[Rajasthan]]
| total_type = Total
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|size = 250
|photo1a = Inside view of Amer Fort, Jaipur.JPG
|photo1b = Jal Mahal (Water Palace).jpg
|photo2a = Vrihat samrat yantra, JantarMantar, Jaipur, Rajasthan.jpg
|photo2b = Hawa Mahal 076.jpg
|photo3a = Jaigarh Fort, Amer, Jaipur, 20191218 1611 9395 DxO.jpg
}}
| image_caption = Clockwise from top-left: Ganesh Pol in [[Amber Fort]], [[Jal Mahal]], [[Hawa Mahal]], [[Jaigarh Fort]], [[Jantar Mantar, Jaipur|Jantar Mantar]] in [[Jaipur]]
| image_map = Jaipur in Rajasthan (India).svg
| map_caption = Location of Jaipur district in Rajasthan
| coordinates = {{Coord|26.926|75.8235|region:IN-RJ_type:adm3rd|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint = Jaipur
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = Division
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jaipur division|Jaipur]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Jaipur]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = 16<ref name="Sub-Divisions/Panchayat Samitis/Tehsils" >{{cite web | url = http://jaipur.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/jaipur/en/about-jaipur/blocks-tehsils-panchayats.html# | title = Sub-Divisions/Panchayat Samitis/Tehsils | access-date = 2016-12-29 | year = 2016 }}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 11143
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 6,626,178
| population_footnotes = <ref name="districtcensus"/>
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = 595
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 76%
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 910
| leader_title = [[District collector]]
| leader_name = Prakash Rajpurohit, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaipur Administration |url=https://jaipur.rajasthan.gov.in/pages/sm/contact-directory/12187/37/30261 |website=Jaipur.rajasthan.gov.in |date=22 February 2024}}</ref>
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2 = 19<ref name="Jaipur district Assembly Constituencies" >{{cite web | url = http://gisserver1.nic.in/ecimaps/ECIPDF%5CRaj_Maps%5Cac_jaipur.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131221235824/http://gisserver1.nic.in/ecimaps/ECIPDF%5CRaj_Maps%5Cac_jaipur.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = 21 December 2013 | title = Assembly Constituencies of Jaipur district | access-date = 28 February 2012 | year = 2012 | publisher = gisserver1.nic.in/ }}</ref>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[National Highway 21 (India)|National Highway 21 (NH-21)]] [[National Highway 48 (India)|National Highway 48 (NH-48)]]
| blank_name_sec2 = Average annual precipitation
| blank_info_sec2 = 459.8 mm
| website = {{URL|http://jaipur.rajasthan.gov.in/}}
}}

'''Jaipur district''' is a district in the [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[Rajasthan]] in Northern [[India]].the city of [[Jaipur]], which is [[Rajasthan|Rajasthan's]] capital and the largest city, is the district headquarters. It is the tenth most populous district in India (out of [[Districts of India|780]]).<ref name="districtcensus">{{Cite web |title=District Census Handbook 2011 - Jaipur|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1068/download/3286/DH_2011_0812_PART_A_DCHB_JAIPUR.pdf|website=[[Census of India]]|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The district derives its name from its administrative headquarters, the city of [[Jaipur]]. The city was established in 1727 by [[Sawai Jai Singh|Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II]] (1693–1744), the ruler of [[Kingdom of Amber|Amber]], and named in his honour.<ref name=":3">{{cite book |last1=Sarkar |first1=Jadunath |title=A History of Jaipur: C. 1503-1938 |date=1984 |publisher=Orient Longman |isbn=9780861314720 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O0oPIo9TXKcC&q=jaipur+named+after+sawai+raja+jai+singh |page=205 |language=en |access-date=9 June 2025 |archive-date=28 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240928043431/https://books.google.com/books?id=O0oPIo9TXKcC&q=jaipur+named+after+sawai+raja+jai+singh#v=snippet&q=jaipur%20named%20after%20sawai%20raja%20jai%20singh&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> In Sanskrit, the suffix "pur" or "pura" is commonly used to denote a city or town. Thus, the name "Jaipur" translates to "The City of Jai," commemorating its founder, Jai Singh II.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bhatt |first1=Rajendra Shankar |title=Sawai Jai Singh |date=2005 |publisher=National Book Trust, India |isbn=978-81-237-4418-6 |pages=101, 123, 155 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HVhuAAAAMAAJ&q=jaipur+named+after+sawai+raja+jaisingh |language=en |access-date=9 June 2025 |archive-date=28 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240928043305/https://books.google.com/books?id=HVhuAAAAMAAJ&q=jaipur+named+after+sawai+raja+jaisingh |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Geography ==
The district is located between 26°23' and 27°51' north latitude, and 74°55' and 76°50' east longitude. It covers an area of {{Convert|11143|km2}}, accounting for approximately 3.26% of the state's total area, and ranks 9th in size among the districts of the state.{{efn|This data is based on the administrative boundaries as per the 2011 Census, prior to the reorganisation of districts in 2023.}}<ref name="districtcensus"/> The district stretches about {{Convert|180|km}} from east to west, while its north to south length is approximately {{Convert|110|km}}. It shares its northern boundary with the [[Sikar district]] and the state of [[Haryana]]. Towards the south, the district is bordered by [[Tonk district]]. On the eastern side, it is surrounded by [[Alwar district|Alwar]], [[Dausa district|Dausa]], and [[Sawai Madhopur district|Sawai Madhopur]] districts, while to the west, it is flanked by [[Nagaur district|Nagaur]] and [[Ajmer district|Ajmer]] districts.<ref name="location">{{cite web |title=Location & Area |url=https://jaipur.rajasthan.gov.in/sm/jankalyan-category-and-entry-type/12178/37/1/3 |website=District Jaipur |access-date=11 June 2025}}</ref>

The district is located on the eastern border of the [[Thar Desert]] and is largely covered with a thick layer of soil and [[Alluvium|alluvial]] deposits. The district is surrounded by the [[Aravalli Range|Aravali mountain range]] on three sides.<ref name="location" /> Towards the north and east, the region is bordered by hill ranges and several isolated peaks, which rise about {{Convert|200|m}} above the surrounding plains. These hills form a part of the Aravali mountain range. At different locations within the district, these ranges are known by various local names. The hills originate from the area around [[Sambhar Lake]] and continue into [[Jhunjhunu district]]. In Jaipur tehsil, these are commonly called Puranaghat and [[Nahargarh Wildlife Sanctuary|Nahargarh]]. In the tehsils of [[Kotputli]], [[Viratnagar|Bairath]], and [[Jamwa Ramgarh]], the hills are referred to by names such as Ada Doongar, Chapa, Khan Rahori, Khan Dogota, Jaroonda, Khan Raipur, and Khan Badri. Additionally, the [[Torawati]] hills are situated to the west of the [[Sahibi River|Sabi]] and [[Banganga River (Rajasthan)|Banganga]] rivers.<ref name="districtcensus" />

==Divisions==

Being the state capital, Jaipur has a Legislative Assembly. The 13 Sub-divisions in district are:
* [[Jaipur]]
* [[Amer, India|Amber]]
* [[Bassi, India|Bassi]]
* [[Chaksu]]
* [[Chomu]]
* [[Mauzmabad]]
* [[Jamwa Ramgarh]]
* [[Phagi]]
* [[Phulera]]
* [[Kotputli]]
* [[Sanganer]]
* [[Shahpura, Jaipur|Shahpura]]
* [[Viratnagar]]

'''[[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|Panchayat Samitis]]''' are:
* [[Amer, India|Amber]]
* [[Bassi, India|Bassi]]
* [[Chaksu]]
* [[Govindgarh, Rajasthan|Govindgarh]]
* [[Dudu, Rajasthan|Dudu]]
* [[Jamwa Ramgarh]]
* [[Phagi]]
* [[Sambhar, Rajasthan|Sambhar]]
* [[Jhotwara]]
* [[Kotputli]]
* [[Shahpura, Jaipur|Shahpura]]
* [[Sanganer]]
* [[Viratnagar]]

'''[[Tehsils]]''' are:
3 new tehsils have recently been added, earlier there were 13 tehsils and now 16.
* [[Amer, India|Amber]]
* [[Bassi, India|Bassi]]
* [[Chaksu]]
* [[Chomu]]
* [[Dudu, Rajasthan|Dudu]]
* [[Jamwa Ramgarh]]
* [[Phagi]]
* [[Sambhar, Rajasthan|Sambhar]]
* [[Jaipur]]
* [[Kotputli]]
* [[Shahpura, Jaipur|Shahpura]]
* [[Sanganer]]
* [[Viratnagar]]
* [[Kot Khawada]]
* [[Kishangarh Renwal|Kishangarh-Renwal]]
*[[Mauzmabad|Mauzamabad]]
*[[Paota]]

{| class="wikitable"
| [[Sub- divisions of India|Sub-divisions]] || 13
|-
| [[Tehsil]] || 16
|-
| [[Villages]] || 2369
|-
| [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)]] || 13
|-
| [[Gram Panchayat]] || 489
|-
| [[Nagar Palika]] || 10
|-
| [[Nagar Nigam]] || 2
|}

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=9,44,116|13=1911|14=8,89,399|15=1921|16=7,29,878|17=1931|18=8,13,631|19=1941|20=9,26,153|21=1951|22=11,86,745|23=1961|24=15,08,009|25=1971|26=19,93,463|27=1981|28=28,02,414|29=1991|30=38,87,895|31=2001|32=52,51,071|33=2011|34=66,26,178|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Jaipur district (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion - Rajasthan|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11390/download/14503/DDW08C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|87.83}}
{{bar percent|[[Rajasthani Muslims|Islam]]|green|10.38}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism in Rajasthan|Jainism]]|brown|1.22}}
{{bar percent|Others|black|0.57}}
}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Jaipur district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 6,626,178,<ref name="districtcensus"/> roughly equal to the nation of [[Libya]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote = Libya 6,597,960}}</ref> or the US state of [[Washington (state)|Washington]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=30 September 2011
|quote=Washington 6,724,540
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=19 October 2013
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 10th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert|598|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 26.91%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Jaipur has a [[sex ratio]] of 909 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 76.44%. 52.40% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 15.14% and 7.97% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>

===Languages===
{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Jaipur district (2011)<ref name="language"/>
|label1 = [[Hindi]] |value1 = 45.85 |color1 = orange
|label2 = [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]] |value2 = 34.44 |color2 = firebrick
|label3 = [[Dhundari language|Dhundari]] |value3 = 11.31 |color3 = sienna
|label4 = [[Urdu]] |value4 = 2.74 |color4 = green
|label5 = [[Marwari language|Marwari]] |value5 = 2.52 |color5 = maroon
|label6 = [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] |value6 = 1.21 |color6 = limegreen
|label7 = Others |value7 = 1.93 |color7 = grey
}}

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 45.85% of the population in the district spoke [[Hindi]], 34.44% [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]], 11.31% [[Dhundari language|Dhundari]], 2.74% [[Urdu]], 2.52% [[Marwari language|Marwari]], 1.21% [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]], 0.42% [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and 0.41% [[Bengali language|Bengali]] as their first language.<ref name="language">{{Cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10220/download/13332/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0800.XLSX|title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Rajasthan|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Culture==

===Notable personalities===
* HH Galtapeethadheeshwar Swami Avadheshacharya Ji Maharaj - Mahant, Shri Galta Peeth.
* [[Hemant Shesh]] (1952- ) Writer and civil servant. Born in [[Jaipur]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://in.jagran.yahoo.com/sahitya/?page=article&articleid=2403&category=7|title=हेमंत को बिरला फाउंडेशन के बिहारी पुरस्कार |work=[[Dainik Jagran]]|publisher=Jagran Prakashan Ltd.|language=hi|access-date=8 September 2011}}</ref>
*

==Climate==
 {{Weather box
|location = Jaipur
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 31.7
|Feb record high C = 36.7
|Mar record high C = 42.8
|Apr record high C = 44.9
|May record high C = 48.5
|Jun record high C = 47.2
|Jul record high C = 46.7
|Aug record high C = 41.7
|Sep record high C = 41.7
|Oct record high C = 40
|Nov record high C = 36.1
|Dec record high C = 31.3
|year record high C = 48.5
|Jan high C = 22.5
|Feb high C = 26.1
|Mar high C = 32
|Apr high C = 37.6
|May high C = 41.1
|Jun high C = 39.7
|Jul high C = 34.8
|Aug high C = 32.7
|Sep high C = 34.2
|Oct high C = 34.1
|Nov high C = 29.6
|Dec high C = 25.1
|year high C =
|Jan low C = 8.4
|Feb low C = 12
|Mar low C = 17.4
|Apr low C = 22.8
|May low C = 27.1
|Jun low C = 27.9
|Jul low C = 26.2
|Aug low C = 24.9
|Sep low C = 24
|Oct low C = 20.1
|Nov low C = 14.4
|Dec low C = 9.9
|year low C =
|Jan record low C = -2.2
|Feb record low C = -2.2
|Mar record low C = 3.3
|Apr record low C = 9.4
|May record low C = 15.6
|Jun record low C = 19.7
|Jul record low C = 20.6
|Aug record low C = 18.9
|Sep record low C = 15
|Oct record low C = 11.1
|Nov record low C = 3.3
|Dec record low C = 0
|year record low C = -2.2
|Jan precipitation mm = 5.9
|Feb precipitation mm = 10.2
|Mar precipitation mm = 4.4
|Apr precipitation mm = 7.1
|May precipitation mm = 12.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 61.9
|Jul precipitation mm = 190.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 203.4
|Sep precipitation mm = 79.6
|Oct precipitation mm = 19.4
|Nov precipitation mm = 1.9
|Dec precipitation mm = 3.8
|year precipitation mm =
|source 1 =[[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Climate of Jaipur |url=https://mausam.imd.gov.in/jaipur/docs/climate.pdf |website=[[India Meteorological Department]] |access-date=18 June 2025 |page=48 |date=1 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Climatological Information |url=https://mausam.imd.gov.in/jaipur/mcdata/extreme_jaipur.pdf |website=[[India Meteorological Department]] |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref>
|date=June 2025}}

==See also==
* [[Jaipur|Jaipur City]]
* [[Amber, India|Amber]]
* [[Dhundhar]]
* [[Jaipur Rural district]]
* [[Kingdom of Amber]]
* [[History of Jaipur]]
* [[Sawai Jai Singh]]
* [[Jantar Mantar]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
https://jaipur.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/jaipur/en/about-jaipur/blocks-tehsils-panchayats.html#

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://jaipur.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/jaipur/en/home.html/ Jaipur District]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Jaipur district
|North = [[Mahendragarh district]], [[Haryana]]
|Northeast = [[Alwar district]]
|East = [[Dausa district]]
|Southeast = [[Sawai Madhopur district]]
|South = [[Tonk district]]
|Southwest = [[Ajmer district]]
|West = [[Nagaur district]]
|Northwest = [[Sikar district]]
}}

{{Jaipur district}}
{{Districts of Rajasthan}}
{{Rajasthan}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jaipur District}}
[[Category:Jaipur district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Districts in Jaipur division]]

Varangaon railway station

2025-11-21T15:15:07Z

Drsuruchipuri: Structure improved and content revised

{{short description|Railway station in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Varangaon
| other_name =
| style = Indian Railways
| type = [[Indian Railways]] station
| image = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|80px]]
| alt =
| address = [[Varangaon]], [[Jalgaon district]], [[Maharashtra]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|21.0105|75.9013|format=dms|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| elevation =
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Central Railway zone|Central Railway]]
| line = [[Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line]]
| distance =
| platform = 3
| tracks = 3
| routes =
| connections =
| bicycle =
| depth =
| accessible =
| levels =
| parking = Yes
| structure = Standard (on ground)
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = VNA
| zone = [[Central Railway zone|Central Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Bhusawal}}
}}
| closed =
| former =
| opened =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| passengers =
| pass_system =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| services =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| facilities =
| map_type = India#India Maharashtra
| map_dot_label = Varangaon railway station
| map_size = 300
}}

'''Varangaon railway station''' is located near [[Varangaon]] town of [[Jalgaon district]], [[Maharashtra]]. Its code is '''VNA'''. It has three platforms. Passenger, Express, and Superfast trains halt here.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/departures/varangaon-vna/2032|title=VNA/Varangaon |website=India Rail Info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yatra.com/indian-railways/varangaon-vna-railway-station|title=VNA/Varangaon:Timetable|website=Yatra}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.raildrishti.in/raildrishti/IRDBStationPDF.jsp?stncode=VNA| title=VNA:Passenger Amenities Details As on : 31/03/2018, Division : Bhusawal| website=Raildrishti}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.nagpurtoday.in/central-railway-to-run-three-special-trains-to-clear-heavy-rush-of-pilgrims-at-deekshabhumi/10111236| title=Central Railway to run three special trains to clear heavy rush| website=Nagpur Today}}</ref>

==Trains==

The following trains halt at Varangaon railway station in both directions:

* [[Surat–Amravati Express]]
* [[Sewagram Express|Mumbai CSMT–Nagpur Sewagram Superfast Express]]
* [[Shalimar–Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Express]]
* [[Maharashtra Express|Gondia–Kolhapur Maharashtra Express]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Railway stations in Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Jalgaon district]]
[[Category:Bhusawal railway division]]

{{Maharashtra-railstation-stub}}

2021–22 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy

2025-11-04T21:30:31Z

Drsuruchipuri: made bio!

#REDIRECT [[2021–22 Senior Women's National Football Championship]]

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{{R from move}}
}}

Deccan Odyssey

2025-10-18T19:35:17Z

Drsuruchipuri: general enhance information to improve readability additionally and added references

{{short description|Luxury train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox train
| name = ''Deccan Odyssey''
| image = Deccan-odyssey-logo.png
| imagealt =
| caption = ''Deccan Odyssey'' logo
| service = 2004–present
| manufacturer = [[Integral Coach Factory]]
| assembly = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| yearconstruction = 2002–2003
| yearservice = 2004
| formation =
| diagram =
| code =
| fleetnumbers =
| capacity = 88 passengers
| operator = [[Indian Railways]] [[Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation|MTDC]]

| trainlength = {{convert|700|m|ft}}
| art-sections = 21
| gauge =
}}

The '''''Deccan Odyssey''''' is an [[Luxury rail trains in India|Indian luxury train]] modeled on the ''[[Palace on Wheels]]'' luxury train and put into service to boost tourism on the [[Maharashtra]] route of the [[Indian Railways]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/maha-cabinet-will-meet-on-deccan-odyssey|title=Maha Cabinet will meet on Deccan Odyssey|date=2021-09-28|publisher=The Free Press Journal|last=Jog|first=Sanjay|access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref><ref name=chakraborty/><ref name=dna/> The train, owned by travel company [[Cox & Kings]] since 2014, takes visitors on a variety of seven night, eight day trips across Maharashtra.<ref name=chowdhury>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/travel/cox-kings-gets-five-year-sales-and-marketing-contract-for-luxury-train-deccan-odyssey/articleshow/40903623.cms|title=Cox & Kings gets five year sales and marketing contract for luxury train Deccan Odyssey|date=2014-08-27|last=Chowdhury|first=Anirban|publisher=Economic Times|access-date=2022-06-07}}</ref><ref name=rajesh/>

==History==
[[File:Deccan Odyssey - Train Board.jpg|thumb|left|''Deccan Odyssey'']]
The ''Deccan Odyssey'' was deployed and started by Indian Railways and the [[Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation|Maharashtra Tourism Development Corp]] in 2001 in an effort to increase tourism in Maharashtra.<ref name=financial>{{cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/travel-tourism/deccan-odyssey-becomes-asias-leading-luxury-train/426027/|title=Deccan Odyssey becomes Asia's leading luxury train|date=2016-10-21|publisher=Financial Express|access-date=2022-06-07}}</ref><ref name=fivetimes/><ref name=start>{{cite web|url=https://www.indianluxurytrains.com/blog/deccan-odyssey-india-by-luxury-train/|title=Deccan Odyssey: India by Luxury Train|date=2022-02-10|publisher=Indian Luxury Trains|access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref><ref name=chakraborty/><ref name=dna/> [[Integral Coach Factory]] started construction in 2002 and finished in 2003.<ref name=start/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/deccan-odyssey-all-decked-up-and-nowhere-to-go/articleshow/257998.cms|title=Deccan Odyssey: All decked up and nowhere to go|date=2003-10-30|last=Pate|first=Neil|publisher=Times of India|access-date=2022-06-09}}</ref>

Its first trip departed on 16 January 2004 for a week-long maiden trip and was [[Flag off|flagged off]] by then Prime Minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/deccan-odyssey-to-start-on-jan-16/articleshow/413096.cms|title=Deccan Odyssey to start on Jan. 16|last=Pate|first=Neil|date=2004-01-09|publisher=Times of India|access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref><ref name=chowdhury/><ref name=ndtv>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/business/irctc-deccan-odyssey-10-points-about-indian-railways-premium-luxury-train-pictures-inside-1834712|title=In PICTURES: 10 Points About Indian Railways Premium Luxurious 'Deccan Odyssey' Trains|date=2018-04-16|publisher=NDTV|access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref> Due to lack of booking, later journeys in 2004 were suspended by the state government of Maharashtra. However, its operations restarted after the [[Monsoon of South Asia|monsoon season]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discoveredindia.com/maharashtra/maharashtra-specials/deccan-odyssey/|title=Deccan Odyssey|date=n.d.|publisher=Discover India|access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref>

The train was briefly renamed the ''Indian Maharaja-Deccan Odyssey'' under Thomson Cook.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}} It was not in service for the majority of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] and is expected to start operations again in October 2022.{{update after|2022|12|01}}<ref name=maverick/>

==Design and amenities==
[[File:India (Mumbai) Welcome ceremony for The Deccan Odyssey guests (32065545283).jpg|thumb|right|A traditional welcome ceremony in Mumbai before boarding]]

===Design===
The train is {{convert|700|m|ft}}-long and painted in royal blue. It gets its name from the [[Deccan Plateau]] which is located in Maharashtra.<ref name=chakraborty/><ref name=ndtv/><ref name=maverick>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-01-05-the-decadent-odyssey-a-train-in-blue-and-gold-livery-of-unparalleled-luxury/|title=The Decadent Odyssey: A train in blue and gold livery of unparalleled luxury|date=2022-01-05|last=Pinnock|first=Don|publisher=Daily Maverick|access-date=2022-06-07}}</ref> The design is meant to emulate the luxuries enjoyed by 16th century [[Maharaja]]s.<ref name=dna/><ref name=maverick/> The train has 21 coaches, each named after places in Maharashtra and can accommodate up to 88 passengers.<ref name=dasgupta>{{cite web|url=https://mediaindia.eu/news-india-you/deccan-odyssey-indias-premium-luxury-train/|title=Deccan Odyssey, India's premium luxury train|date=2017-07-19|publisher=Media India Group|access-date=2022-06-07}}</ref><ref name=chakraborty/>

===Amenities===
Suite amenities include an en suite bathroom, Wi-Fi, a TV, and a cell phone "with all emergency numbers fed in."<ref name=econ/> Guests are serviced by an onboard butler and each suite is marked with a custom nameplate.<ref name=kulkarni/> In addition to accommodation amenities, the train is fully air-conditioned and has a small gym, a spa, salon, library, [[Foreign exchange market|foreign exchange services]], a bar, and a conference room, which can be converted into a dance floor.<ref name=econ/><ref name=chowdhury/><ref name=goyal/><ref name=maverick/><ref name=chakraborty/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irtsociety.com/train/deccan-odyssey/save-pdf/6000|title=Deccan Odyssey|date=n.d.|publisher=The Society of International Railway Travelers|access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref>

There are two restaurants in the train, Waavar and Utsav, which are managed by [[Taj Hotels]].<ref name=maverick/><ref name=econ/><ref name=dna/><ref>{{cite news |title=Take a luxury train ride on the Deccan Odyssey |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/infrastructure/take-a-luxury-train-ride-on-the-deccan-odyssey/waavar/slideshow/54625025.cms |access-date=21 February 2023 |work=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref>

==Journeys==
[[File:Ellora Caves, India, Rock-cut monastery temple cave complex.jpg|right|thumb|Part of the [[Ellora Caves]], a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]] and stop on several journeys]]
The ''Deccan Odyssey'' offers six different seven day, eight night trips around Maharashtra, typically starting and ending in Mumbai at [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus]] with the exception of the Indian Odyssey journey, which starts in [[New Delhi]] and ends in Mumbai, and the Indian Sojourn journey, which starts in Mumbai and ends in [[Delhi]].<ref name=goyal/><ref name=chakraborty>{{cite web|url=https://www.salonprivemag.com/welcome-aboard-the-deccan-odyssey/|title=Welcome Aboard The Deccan Odyssey|last=Chakraborty|first=Subhasish|date=2022-04-19|publisher=Salon Privé Magazine|access-date=2022-06-07}}</ref><ref name=econ>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/infrastructure/take-a-luxury-train-ride-on-the-deccan-odyssey/slideshow/54625021.cms|title=Take a luxury train ride on the Deccan Odyssey|date=2016-10-06|publisher=The Economic Times|access-date=2022-06-07}}</ref><ref name=rajesh/><ref name=maverick/>

Guests can adhere to pre-arranged sightseeing tours or explore each stop on their own.<ref name=rajesh>{{cite web|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/articles/best-train-trips-in-india|title=India's best train trips are a journey to the soul of the subcontinent|last=Rajesh|first=Monisha|date=2022-03-11|publisher=Lonely Planet|access-date=2022-06-07}}</ref><ref name=kulkarni/> Trips typically run between October and May.<ref name=hindu>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/Deccan-Odyssey-arrives-in-Vijayapura/article16760953.ece|title=Deccan Odyssey arrives in Vijayapura|date=2016-12-05|work=The Hindu|access-date=2022-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Want to experience royalty? Here are five luxurious Indian trains to hop on |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/want-to-experience-a-regal-journey-here-are-luxurious-trains-indian-railway-to-hop-on-5119263/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=1 April 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

As of 2022, the journeys include:
* Maharashtra Splendor: [[Mumbai]], [[Nashik]] ([[Grover Zampa]] Vineyards), [[Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar]] ([[Ellora Caves]]), [[Ajanta Caves]], [[Kolhapur]], [[Goa]], [[Sindhudurg]], Mumbai. [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]]s on this journey include the Ajanta and Ellora Caves.<ref name=splendor>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccan-odyssey-india.com/maharashtra-splendor.html|title=Maharashtra Splendor Journey|date=n.d.|publisher=Deccan Odyssey|access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref><ref name=maverick/><ref name=goyal>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/things-to-do/spending-seven-nights-in-the-luxurious-train-deccan-odyssey/articleshow/53192617.cms|title=Spending seven nights in the luxurious train 'Deccan Odyssey'|last=Goyal|first=Anudradha|date=2016-07-14|publisher=Times Travel|access-date=2022-06-07}}</ref><ref name=dasgupta/><ref name=chowdhury/><ref name=chakraborty/>
* Indian Odyssey: Delhi, [[Sawai Madhopur]] ([[Ranthambore National Park]]), [[Agra]], [[Jaipur]], [[Udaipur]], [[Vadodara]], Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Ellora Caves, Mumbai. UNESCO World Heritage Sites on this journey include [[Amber Fort|Amer Fort]], the [[Taj Mahal]], [[Jantar Mantar]], [[Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park]], and Ellora Caves.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccan-odyssey-india.com/indian-odyssey.html|title=Indian Odyssey Journey|date=n.d.|publisher=Deccan Odyssey|access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref><ref name=rajesh/><ref name=dasgupta/>
* Jewels of the Deccan: Mumbai, [[Bijapur|Vijayapura]], [[Aihole]], [[Pattadakal]], [[Hampi]], [[Hyderabad]], Ellora Caves, Ajanta Caves, Mumbai. UNESCO World Heritage Sites on this journey include the Ellora and Ajanta Caves and Hampi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccan-odyssey-india.com/jewels-of-the-deccan.html|title=Jewels of the Deccan Journey|date=n.d.|publisher=Deccan Odyssey|access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref><ref name=dasgupta/>
* Maharashtra Wild Trail Journey: Mumbai, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar (Ellora Caves), [[Ramtek]] ([[Pench National Park]]), [[Tadoba]], Ajanta Caves, Nashik, Mumbai. UNESCO World Heritage Sites on this journey include the Ellora and Ajanta Caves.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccan-odyssey-india.com/maharashtra-wild-trail.html|title=Maharashtra Wild Trail Journey|date=n.d.|publisher=Deccan Odyssey|access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref><ref name=goyal/><ref name=dasgupta/>
* Hidden Treasures of [[Gujarat]]: Mumbai, [[Vadodara]], [[Palitana]], [[Sasan Gir]] & [[Somnath]], [[Little Rann of Kutch]], [[Modhera]] & [[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]], Nashik, Mumbai. UNESCO World Heritage Sites on this journey include the [[Indian Wild Ass Sanctuary|Wild Ass Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Rani ki vav]], and [[Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccan-odyssey-india.com/hidden-treasures-of-gujarat.html|title=Hidden Treasures of Gujarat|date=n.d.|publisher=Deccan Odyssey|access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref><ref name=goyal/><ref name=dasgupta/>
* Indian Sojurn: Mumbai, Vadodara, Udaipur, [[Jodhpur]], Agra, Sawai Madhopur (Ranthambore National Park), Jaipur, Delhi. UNESCO World Heritage Sites on this journey include Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park, Amer Fort, and the Taj Mahal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccan-odyssey-india.com/indian-sojourn.html|title=Indian Sojurn Journey|date=n.d.|publisher=Deccan Odyssey|access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref><ref name=rajesh/><ref name=dasgupta/>

Apart from the trip list, the ''Deccan Odyssey'' also goes on other shorter "special journeys". In 2010, the Spiritual Journey to the Guru's Abode explored [[Kiratpur Sahib]], [[Anandpur Sahib]] (Keshgarh Sahib), [[Amritsar]] ([[Akal Takht Sahib]]), [[Bathinda]] ([[Damdama Sahib]]), Jaipur, Agra, [[Nanded]] ([[Hazur Sahib]]), Mumbai, [[Patna]] ([[Patna Sahib]]), and Delhi, with a focus on [[Panj Takht|Sikh takhts]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sikhnet.com/news/luxury-train-trip-across-sikh-takhts|title=A luxury train trip across Sikh Takhts|date=2010-12-14|publisher=SikhNet|last=Bajwa|first=Harpreet|access-date=2022-06-09}}</ref> In 2017, the Susegado Goa special journey explored the [[Konkan Coast]] through Mumbai, Goa, [[Thivim]], [[Karmali]], and [[Verna, Goa|Verna]].<ref name=kulkarni>{{cite web|url=https://www.cntraveller.in/story/ideas-nye-mumbai-goa-deccan-odyssey/|title=Ideas for NYE: Mumbai-Goa on the Deccan Odyssey|date=2017-11-18|publisher=Traveller|access-date=2022-06-07}}</ref> In 2022, an abbreviated Indian Odyssey journey—Delhi, Sawai Madhopur, Agra, Jaipur—was available.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccan-odyssey-india.com/journeys.html|title=Indian Odyssey Special Journey|date=n.d.|publisher=Deccan Odyssey|access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref>

Most passengers are international travellers and are charged US$7,320 per single occupancy deluxe cabin for a seven night, eight day trip, while Indian nationals pay [[Indian rupee|₹]]5,12,400.<ref name=dna>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/photo-gallery-one-ticket-costs-upto-rs-38-lakhs-deccan-odyssey-maharajas-express-golden-chariot-buddha-express-palace-on-wheels-step-inside-india-most-luxurious-trains-2897473/the-golden-chariot-2897475|title=One ticket for Rs 38 lakhs! Take a look at India's most luxurious trains|date=2021-06-26|publisher=DNA|access-date=2022-06-07}}</ref><ref name="rajesh" /><ref name=maverick/><ref name=hindu/><ref name="splendor" />

==Awards==
The ''Deccan Odyssey'' has won the title of Asia's Leading Luxury Train at the World Travel Awards in 2010–2012, 2014, and 2015–2019. In 2018, the train earned recognition for being the first to win the Asia's Leading Luxury Train award five consecutive times.<ref name=fivetimes>{{cite web|url=https://www.indianluxurytrains.com/news/deccan-odyssey-wins-the-title-of-asias-leading-luxury-train-5-times-consecutively-23609/|title=Deccan Odyssey wins the title of Asia's Leading Luxury Train 5 Times Consecutively|date=2018-09-04|last=Chakraborty|first=Debasree|publisher=Indian Luxury Trains|access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Five luxury trains that redefine happy journeys |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/specials/five-luxury-trains-that-redefine-happy-journeys-1127504.html |access-date=19 February 2023 |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=17 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite news |title=Do You Want To Ride On Asia's Most Luxurious Train? Hint: It's In India |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/travelnews/story/68991/guess-which-is-asias-leading-luxury-train-hint-its-in-india |access-date=19 February 2023 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)]] |language=en}}</ref>

The train was also named World's Leading Luxury Train in 2019. Previous nominations include World's Leading Travel Experience by Train (2009-2012), World's Leading Luxury Train (2010-2018, 2020), and Asia's Leading Luxury Train (2013, 2020–2021).<ref name="financial" /><ref name=dasgupta/><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web |date=2021 |title=Deccan Odyssey |url=https://www.worldtravelawards.com/profile-29440-deccan-odyssey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506102519/https://www.worldtravelawards.com/profile-29440-deccan-odyssey |archive-date=2021-05-06 |access-date=2022-06-08 |publisher=World Travel Awards}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian Luxury Trains}}
{{Indian Railways}}
{{Central Railway}}
{{Railways in Western India}}

[[Category:Tourist attractions in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Luxury trains in India]]
[[Category:2004 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Goa]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Rajasthan]]

Fuzail Ahmad Nasiri

2025-10-16T17:12:30Z

Drsuruchipuri: Creating Initial Data W/ Sources.

{{short description|Indian scholar and writer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| honorific_prefix = Mawlānā
| name = Fuzail Ahmad Nasiri
| birth_date = {{birth date and age |df=yes|1978|5|13}}
| birth_place = [[Darbhanga]], Bihar, India
| alma_mater = [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]
| religion = Islam
| main_interests = [[Urdu literature]], [[Urdu Poetry]]
| pen_name = Ambar Nasiri
| notable_works = ''Hadīth-e-Ambar'', ''Tafhīm-e-Ilhāmi'', ''Tafhīm-ul-Maybzi''
| influences = [[Kalim Ajiz]], [[Muhammad Iqbal]]
}}
'''Fuzail Ahmad Nāsirī''' (born 13 May 1978) is an Indian [[Deobandi movement|Deobandi]] Islamic scholar, [[Urdu language|Urdu]] writer and poet, who is a professor of [[hadith]] and vice-administrator of education at the [[Jamia Imam Muhammad Anwar Shah]]. He is an alumnus of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]. His books include ''Hadīth-e-Ambar'', ''Tafhīm-e-Ilhāmi'' and ''Tafhīm-ul-Maybzi''. He has taught at Darul Uloom Azizia in [[Mira Road]], Jamia Darul Quran in [[Sarkhej]] and Madrasa Faizan-ul-Quran in [[Saraspur]]. He is a recipient of Allama Iqbal Award.

==Biography==
Fuzail Ahmad Nāsirī was born on 13 May 1978 Nasir Ganj in [[Darbhanga]], Bihar, India.{{Sfn|Arshad Qasmi|2017|p=191}} He completed his primary studies with his father in Madrasa Mehr-ul-Uloom in [[Madhubani, India|Madhubani]] and was schooled at Madrasa Diniya Ghazipur, [[Uttar Pradesh]] and Madrasa Islamia in Darbhanga.{{Sfn|Hasan Qasmi|2013|p=311}} He graduated from [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] in 1998.{{Sfn|Hasan Qasmi|2013|p=311}} He benefitted from [[Kalim Ajiz]] in Urdu poetry.{{Sfn|Arshad Qasmi|2017|p=201}}

Nāsirī began teaching in July 1999 at Darul Uloom Azizia in [[Mira Road]], where he served for four years.{{Sfn|Hasan Qasmi|2013|p=311}} In 2004, he moved to [[Ahmedabad]] where he served as a teacher of "[[dars-e-nizami]]" at the Jamia Darul Quran in [[Sarkhej]] and the Madrasa Faizan-ul-Quran in [[Saraspur]] for four years.{{Sfn|Arshad Qasmi|2017|p=191}} In 2008, he became a teacher at the [[Jamia Imam Muhammad Anwar Shah]].{{Sfn|Hasan Qasmi|2013|p=312}} He serves as the vice-administrator of education and teaches [[hadith]] at the seminary.<ref name="millat">{{cite news |title=مولانا فضیل احمد ناصری علامہ اقبال ایوارڈ سے سرفراز |trans-title= Mawlānā Fuzail Ahmad Nasiri conferred with the Allama Iqbal Award|url=https://urdu.millattimes.com/archives/38282 |access-date=21 July 2021 |work=Millat Times |language=ur}}</ref> He regularly contributed to the Urdu Times as a columnist for two years and his articles have also appeared in Roznama Inqelab.{{Sfn|Hasan Qasmi|2013|p=311}} He received the Allama Iqbal Award in All India Quran Competition at Mumbai in March 2019.<ref name="millat"/>

==Literary works==
Literary works of Nāsirī include:
* ''Hadīth-e-Ambar''
* ''Tafhīm-e-Ilhāmi'' (Urdu commentary of ''Muntakhab al-Hussami'').
* ''Tafhīm-ul-Maybzi'' (Urdu commentary of ''Maybzi'').
* ''Pachasi Saala Funkaar: Apne Aayine Mai'' (a critical review of [[Wahiduddin Khan]]).

==See also==
* [[List of Indian writers]]
* [[List of Deobandis]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |last1=Hasan Qasmi |first1 = Nayab |title=Darul Uloom Deoband Ka Sahafati ManzarNama |publisher=Idara Tehqeeq-e-Islami |date = 2013|location=[[Deoband]]|language=ur |pages=311–313}}
* {{cite book |last1=Arshad Qasmi |first1=Ejaz|title=Ulama-e-Deoband Ki Urdu Shayri |publisher=Creative Star Publications|location= Jamia Nagar, New Delhi |pages=191–201 |date= June 2017 |chapter= Mawlānā Fuzail Ambar Nasiri|language=ur}}
{{Portal bar|Biography|India|Literature|Islam}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nasiri, Fuzail Ahmad}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Scholars from Bihar]]
[[Category:Indian Islamic studies scholars]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]
[[Category:People from Darbhanga]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian poets]]
[[Category:Darul Uloom Deoband alumni]]

Navodaya Times

2025-10-03T18:11:33Z

Drsuruchipuri: adding entry!

{{Short description|Indian newspaper}}
{{Infobox newspaper
| name = Navodaya Times
| image = Header NavodayaTimes.jpg
| type = Daily [[newspaper]]
| format = [[Broadsheet]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|p=yes|br=yes|2013|08|06}}
| owners = The [[Punjab Kesari]] Group
| director =
| language = [[Hindi]]
| political_position = [[Liberalism|Liberal]]
| headquarters = [[Jalandhar]]
| sister_newspapers = [[Punjab Kesari]], [[Jagbani]] and [[Hind Samachar]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.navodayatimes.in/}}
}}
[[File:Amitabh Bachchan reading Navodaya Times.jpg|thumb|[[Amitabh Bachchan]] reading ''Navodaya Times'' during the promotional drive of his new movie [[Pink (2016 film)|Pink]] at Delhi on Sept15,2016]]
'''''Navodaya Times ''''' <ref>Hindi Daily from NCR [http://navodayatimes.in Navodaya Times]</ref> is a [[Hindi|Hindi-language]] newspaper established in 2013 and published from [[Delhi]]. It is owned by the Punjab Kesari group (The Hindsamachar Ltd.). It is one of the four newspapers started by the group; the other three are ''[[Punjab Kesari]]'',<ref>Hindi Daily from Delhi [http://www.punjabkesari.com PunjabKesari]</ref><ref>Hindi Daily from Jalandhar [http://punjabkesari.in PunjabKesari]</ref> ''[[Hind Samachar]]''<ref>Urdu Daily [http://hindsamachar.in HindSamachar]</ref> in Urdu and ''[[Jagbani]]''<ref>Punjabi Daily [http://jagbani.epapr.in Jagbani] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401212655/https://jagbani.epapr.in/ |date=2020-04-01 }}</ref> in Punjabi languages.

== Prominent columnists ==
{{columns-list|colwidth=18em|
* [[Khushwant Singh]]
* [[Shekhar Gurera]]<ref>Daily Page 1 : Lead and pocket cartoon at p2 by Shekhar Gurera [http://epaper.navodayatimes.in/447561/The-Navodaya-Times-Main/Navodaya-Times-Main#page/1/1 Navodaya Times 26/02/2015]</ref>
* [[Kuldip Nayar]]
* Poonam I Kaushik <ref>Tuesday Weekly Editorial : Poonam I Kaushik [http://epaper.navodayatimes.in/401772/The-Navodaya-Times-Main/Navodaya-Times-Main#page/8/1 Navodaya Times 23/12/2014]</ref>
* [[Shanta Kumar]]
* [[Vineet Narain]]<ref>Monday Weekly Editorial : Vineet Narain [http://epaper.navodayatimes.in/400994/The-Navodaya-Times-Main/Navodaya-Times-Main#page/8/1 Navodaya Times 22/12/2014]</ref>
* Virendra Kapur <ref>Sunday Weekly Editorial : Virendra Kapur [http://epaper.navodayatimes.in/400246/The-Navodaya-Times-Main/Navodaya-Times-Main#page/8/1 Navodaya Times 21/12/2014]</ref>
* [[Balbir Punj]]
* [[Mahmood Shaam]]
* [[Karan Thapar]]<ref>Sunday Weekly Editorial : Karan Thapar [http://epaper.navodayatimes.in/400246/The-Navodaya-Times-Main/Navodaya-Times-Main#page/8/1 Navodaya Times 21/12/2014]</ref>
* Manmohan Sharma
* Neera Chopra
* [[Menaka Gandhi]]
* Chandermohan
* Chander Trikha
* Nerja Chaudhry
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

*{{official website|https://www.navodayatimes.in/}}

[[Category:Hindi-language newspapers]]

{{Asia-newspaper-stub}}

List of Ollywood films of 1967

2025-07-29T07:49:34Z

Drsuruchipuri: adjusted article additionally and updated info

#REDIRECT [[List of Odia films of 1967]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Article 310 of the Constitution of India

2025-06-28T07:51:24Z

Drsuruchipuri: Redirect article

#REDIRECT [[Constitution of India#Structure]]
[[Category:Articles of Part XIV of the Constitution of India]]

Mohan Kumar (director)

2025-05-19T15:55:13Z

Drsuruchipuri: adding bio!

{{Short description|Indian film director and producer}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{infobox person
|name =Mohan Kumar
|birth_date =1 June 1934
|birth_place =Sialkot, British India
|death_date ={{death date and age|df=yes|2017|11|10|1934|6|1}}
|death_place =Mumbai
|occupation =film director
|yearsactive =1960-1992
}}
'''Mohan Kumar''' (1 June 1934 – 10 November 2017) was an Indian film director, producer and screenwriter, who worked in the [[Bollywood]] (Hindi) film industry of India. He was born in [[Sialkot]] in British India; after Partition, he moved to India and settled down in Bombay.

==Filmography as director==
*1961 -''[[Aas Ka Panchhi]]''
*1962 -''[[Anpadh]]''
*1964 -''[[Ayee Milan Ki Bela]]''
*1964 -''[[Aap Ki Parchhaiyan]]''
*1967 -''[[Aman (1967 film)|Aman]]''<ref name="CowieElley1977">{{cite book|last1=Cowie|first1=Peter|last2=Elley|first2=Derek|title=World Filmography: 1967|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jp7ayTLX1D8C&pg=PA254|accessdate=11 March 2011|year=1977|publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press|isbn=978-0-498-01565-6|page=254}}</ref>
*1969 -''[[Anjaana]]''
*1971 -''[[Aap Aye Bahaar Ayee]]''
*1972 -''[[Mome Ki Gudiya]]''
*1974 - ''[[Amir Garib]]''
*1976 -''[[Aap Beati]]''
*1980 - ''[[Aap To Aise Na The]]''
*1983 -''[[Avtaar]]''
*1984 -''[[All Rounder (film)|All Rounder]]''
*1986 -''[[Amrit (1986 film)|Amrit]]''
*1990 -''[[Amba (film)|Amba]]''
*1992 -''[[Do Hanso Ka Joda]]''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* * {{IMDb name|0474839|Mohan Kumar}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Mohan}}
[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:2017 deaths]]
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]
[[Category:People from Sialkot]]
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]
[[Category:Hindi film producers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Film directors from Mumbai]]

{{India-film-bio-stub}}

Shivdaspur, Uttar Pradesh

2025-05-18T16:12:27Z

Drsuruchipuri: made details

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}

{{refimprove|date=May 2025}}

'''Shivdaspur''' is a village situated in the [[Rampur Maniharan]] Mandal of [[Saharanpur District]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]], India.<ref>{{cite web |author= |date=2011 |title=Basic Population Figures of India, States, Districts, Sub-District and Village, 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] |access-date=May 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711042331/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-date=2022-07-11}}</ref> It is located about {{convert|6|km|mi}} from the Mandal headquarters at [[Rampur Maniharan]] on the Rampur to [[Deoband]] road.

The village Shivdaspur has a population of 1627 individuals, with 826 being male and 801 being female. The area of the village measures approximately 6.68 square kilometers.

== References ==

{{reflist}}
{{Villages Saharanpur district}}

{{coord missing|Uttar Pradesh}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shivdaspur (Village)}}
[[Category:Villages in Saharanpur district]]

Molkarin Bai – Mothi Tichi Savali

2025-05-05T13:13:47Z

Drsuruchipuri:

{{Short description|Marathi language drama television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Molkarin Bai - Mothi Tichi Savali.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| genre = [[Family drama]]
| creator =
| developer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| writer =
| director = Vaibhav Chinchalkar
| creative_director =
| producer = Tejendra Neswankar
| company = Trrump Carrd Production
| executive_producer =
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| cinematography =
| editor =
| runtime = 22 minutes
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 349
| opentheme = Urmila Dhangar
| endtheme =
| theme_music_composer = [[Ashok Patki]]
| composer =
| language = Marathi
| country = India
| first_aired = {{Start date|2019|03|25|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2020|08|21|df=yes}}
| network = [[Star Pravah]]
| narrated =
| related =
}}

'''''Molkarin Bai – Mothi Tichi Savali''''' ({{translation|''The Maid – Her Big Shadow''}}) is an Indian [[Marathi-language]] television drama series that premiered on 25 March 2019 on [[Star Pravah]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=‘मोलकरीण बाई’ मालिकेचं काळजाला भिडणारं शीर्षकगीत|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/title-song-of-molkarin-bai-marathi-serial-on-star-pravah-1856258/|access-date=2023-09-14|website=[[Loksatta]]|language=mr}}</ref> It stars [[Usha Nadkarni]], Sarika Nilatkar and [[Supriya Pathare]] in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web|title=गृहिणींची रोजची व्यथा आता छोट्या पडद्यावर|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/new-marathi-serial-molkarin-bai-on-star-pravah-channel-1850143/|access-date=2023-09-14|website=[[Loksatta]]|language=mr}}</ref> The show is produced by Tejendra Neswankar and directed by Vaibhav Chinchalkar under the banner of Trrump Carrd Production.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A new show 'Molkarin Bai' to start soon - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/a-new-show-mothi-tichi-sawali-to-start-soon/articleshow/68046000.cms|access-date=2023-09-14|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The story is a heartwarming story of four maids, Durga, Anita, Ambika and Gunjan. It shows Life from their perspective, they suffer the most and celebrate the most.<ref>{{Cite web|title='मोलकरीण बाई'चे चित्रीकरण सुरू आहे ठाण्यातील या परिसरात|url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/television/star-pravah-molkarin-bai-shooting-thane-real-locations/|access-date=2023-09-14|website=[[Lokmat]]|language=mr}}</ref>

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* [[Usha Nadkarni]] as Durga
* [[Supriya Pathare]] as Ambika Tukaram Kamble
* Sarika Nawathe as Anita Anil Shinde
* Ashwini Kasar as Gunjan

=== Recurring ===
* [[Bhargavi Chirmule]] as Mukta
* [[Pratiksha Jadhav]] as Ranjana
* Monika Dabade as Manasi
* Siddhesh Prabhakar
* Atul Aagalaavey as Ritik Anil Shinde
* Atul Kasva as Tukaram Kamble
* Sanika Gadgil as Nisha Tukaram Kamble
* Amey Borkar as Satya Tukaram Kamble
* Tanvi Barve as Priyanka Anil Shinde
* Shreyas Raje/Bipin Surve as Vihan / Sagar
* Gayatri Soham as Aditi Pradhan
* Rajshri Nikam
* Surabhi Damle
* Sandesh Jadhav as Anil Shinde
* Swati Bowalekar as Aajji
* Ruturaj Phadke

== Reception ==
=== Ratings ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | Week
! rowspan="2" | Year
! colspan="2" | [[Broadcast Audience Research Council|BARC]] Viewership
! rowspan="2" | Ref.
|-
! [[Target Rating Point|TRP]]
! Rank
|-
|Week 29
|2020
|2.1
|4
|<ref>{{Cite web|title='मोलकरीण बाई'च्या संपूर्ण टीमने या कारणासाठी केले जंगी सेलिब्रेशन|url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/television/purpose-entire-team-mokharin-bai-reason-celebration-celebration/|access-date=2023-09-14|website=[[Lokmat]]|language=mr}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt10016160}}
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/molkareen-bai-mothi-tichee-sawali/1260004101 ''Molkarin Bai – Mothi Tichi Savali''] at [[Disney+ Hotstar]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Molkarin Bai - Mothi Tichi Savali}}
[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Star Pravah original programming]]
[[Category:2019 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2020 Indian television series debuts]]

Khambhalida Caves

2025-05-04T23:05:59Z

Drsuruchipuri: minor improved content and updated info

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox Cave
| name =Khambhalida Caves
| photo =Khambhalida Buddhist caves Gujarat.jpg
| photo_caption =Khambhalida Buddhist caves, Gujarat.
| location =
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| map = India#India Gujarat
|relief=yes
| map_width =
| map_caption = Location in Gujarat
| label = Khambhalida Caves
| map_alt =
| coords = {{coord|display=inline, title|region:IN_type:landmark}}
| survey =
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{{BuddhasHolySites}}
'''Khambhalida Caves''', are three Buddhist caves located in [[Jetpur, Navagadh|Jetpur]] in [[Gujarat]], [[India]].

==Architecture==
Archeologist P. P. Pandya discovered these Buddhist caves in 1958. These caves are maintained by the Archaeology Department of Gujarat state.

The caves are situated at the foot of small hillocks on the banks of a spring. They are carved out of [[limestone]] rocks. There are three caves, the central one contains the ''[[stupa]]'' which is known as ''chaitya'' cave. There are two sculptures of [[Bodhisattva]] on the either sides of the gate of the ''chaitya'' cave. On the left, the figure is probably [[Padmapani]] under [[Ashoka]]-like tree with a female companion and five attendants. There is a [[yaksha]]-like dwarf on the left of it holding a basket. The figure on the right is probably [[Vajrapani]] under Ashoka-like tree with similar attendants. The broad belts of female are similar to that of figures at [[Uparkot Caves]] of Junagadh. They are comparable to late [[Kushana]]-[[Western Satraps|Kshatapa]] period sculptures elsewhere as well as features some late Andhra mannerism.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Nanavati|first1=J. M.|last2=Dhaky|first2=M. A.|date=1969-01-01|title=The Maitraka and the Saindhava Temples of Gujarat|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.321094|journal=Artibus Asiae. Supplementum|volume=26|pages=15–17|doi=10.2307/1522666|jstor=1522666}}</ref> The caves are believed to have come into existence in the 4th or 5th century AD.<ref name="Gujarat Tourism">{{cite web|last=Tourism Corporation of Gujarat Limited |title=Khambhalida Caves |url=http://www.gujarattourism.com/showpage.aspx?contentid=166&webpartid=1690 |publisher=Gujarat Tourism, Govt. of Gujarat |accessdate=1 December 2013 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127061525/http://www.gujarattourism.com/showpage.aspx?contentid=166&webpartid=1690 |archivedate=27 November 2011 }}</ref>

Another cave on the left is deep and huge and is open in the front. It may have been used for meditation by the monks.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.discoveredindia.com/gujarat/attractions/caves/khambhalid-caves-rajkot.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109082701/http://www.discoveredindia.com/gujarat/attractions/caves/khambhalid-caves-rajkot.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=9 January 2014|title=Khambhalid Caves Rajkot - Venerable Caves in Gujarat}}</ref>

There are 15 small caves situated near the Khambhalida caves. They are probably carved by the [[Lesser Vehicle]] branch of Buddhism.{{Citation needed|date=October 2017}}

<gallery>
Buddha Caves in Rajkot District.jpg|The caves
Khambhalida Buddhist Caves.jpg|The caves
</gallery>

==Other information==
A modern large Buddhist temple complex is coming up near by.

It is said that for centuries Gir Forest extended till Khambhalida Village.

==Further reading==
* {{cite news|last=TNN|title=Buddha caves to draw tourists|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-09/rajkot/28545722_1_buddhist-caves-rajkot-district-tourist-destinations|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203052440/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-09/rajkot/28545722_1_buddhist-caves-rajkot-district-tourist-destinations|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 December 2013|accessdate=1 December 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=9 February 2011}}

==References==
{{Portal|India}}
{{Commons category}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Indian Buddhist Caves |state=expanded}}

{{Coord|21.7753|70.7083}}

[[Category:Buddhist caves in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Caves of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Rock-cut architecture of India]]
[[Category:Former populated places in India]]
[[Category:Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India]]
[[Category:Buddhist monasteries in India]]
[[Category:Architecture in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Rajkot district]]

{{Buddhism-stub}}