Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Dharmeswar Konwar

2026-05-07T03:00:12Z

Dranvesh: New a data

{{Short description|Indian politician}}

'''Dharmeswar Konwar''' (born 1971)<ref name=":0" /> is an Indian politician from [[Assam]]. He is an [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from [[Sonari Assembly constituency]] in [[Charaideo district]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-18 |title=Dharmeswar Konwar from Sonari: Early Life, Controversy & Political Career |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/assam-election-2021/constituencies/phase1/dharmeswar-konwar-from-sonari-early-life-controversy-political-career-529266 |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=The Sentinel - of this Land, for its People |language=en}}</ref> He won the [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sonari Election Result 2021 LIVE: Sonari MLA Election Result & Vote Share - Oneindia |url=https://www.oneindia.com/sonari-assembly-elections-as-106/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=www.oneindia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sonari Election Result 2021 Live Updates: Dharmeswar Konwar of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/sonari-election-result-2021-live-updates-sonari-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3695804.html |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Konwar is from [[Sonari]], Charaideo district, Assam. He is the son of late Tikhnadhar Konwar. He passed Class 12 in 1991 at Dhole Bagan Higher Secondary School and passed the examinations under the [[Assam Higher Secondary Education Council|Assam Higher Secondary Educational Council]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dharmeswar Konwar (Bharatiya Janata Party):Constituency- Sonari (Charaideo (Sonari)) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/Assam2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=244 |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Konwar won from the Sonari Assembly constituency representing the Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election. He polled 69,690 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Sushil Kumar Suri of the [[Indian National Congress]], by 15,117 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-02 |title=Sonari, Assam Assembly election result 2021 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/sonari-assam-assembly-election-result-2021-live-updates-1797854-2021-05-02 |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |title=Sonari Election Results 2021 LIVE, Vote Counting, Leading, Trailing, Winners Assam Sonari Constituency Election News LIVE |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/assam-election-results-2021/assam-sonari-constituency-106.html |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-02 |title=Sonari Assam Election 2021 Final Results Live: BJP Candidate Dhaarmeswar Konwar wins from Sonari, Details Inside |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/sonari-assam-election-2021-results-live-updates-constituency-number-106-sonari-assam-election-2021-vote-counting-results-leading-trailing-1456231 |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Konwar, Dharmeswar}}
[[Category:Assam MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:People from Charaideo district]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Assam]]
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 2026–2031]]

{{Assam-BJP-politician-stub}}

Siddhwat Temple

2026-05-04T08:51:40Z

Dranvesh: Put up a place!

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}

[[File:Siddhwat Temple.jpg|thumb]]
{{Location map|India Madhya Pradesh|label=Siddhwat Temple|position=right|mark=Red_pog.svg|marksize=6|caption=Location of Siddhwat Temple in Madhya Pradesh|lat_deg=23.2248|lon_deg=75.7774|width=230|float=right}}

'''Siddhwat temple''' (also spelled Siddhavat) is located at Bhairavgarh, [[Ujjain]] ([[Madhya Pradesh|MP]]), [[India]] at the banks of [[Shipra River|Shipra river]]. This temple is also known as Shaktibhed shrine. The temple is one of the sites where [[Kumbh Mela]] is celebrated.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-24 |title=Drying rivers of Madhya Pradesh: Awash in trash, Shipra may cease to exist when Ujjain holds Kumbh Mela in 2028 – Firstpost |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/drying-rivers-of-madhya-pradesh-awash-in-trash-shipra-may-cease-to-exist-when-ujjain-holds-kumbh-mela-in-2028-6204821.html |access-date=2024-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524020954/https://www.firstpost.com/india/drying-rivers-of-madhya-pradesh-awash-in-trash-shipra-may-cease-to-exist-when-ujjain-holds-kumbh-mela-in-2028-6204821.html |archive-date=24 May 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-24 |title=Spirituality, mysticism and festivity: All you need to know about this year's Maha Kumbh Mela at Ujjain – Firstpost |url=https://www.firstpost.com/living/maha-kumbh-mela-ujjain-kshipra-hindu-madhya-pradesh-2745634.html |access-date=2024-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524021048/https://www.firstpost.com/living/maha-kumbh-mela-ujjain-kshipra-hindu-madhya-pradesh-2745634.html |archive-date=24 May 2024 }}</ref>

There are three types of accomplishment here: child, property and virtuousness. [[Puja (Hinduism)|''Puja'']] is performed here for all three. Rituals are done for Sadgati (the ancestors). People used to tie a thread on the [[Banyan]] tree for property. Lakshmi work and Reverse [[Swastika|Satiya]] ([[Swastika|Swastik]]) are made for the attainment of a child.

The Bhairvgarh village near Siddhwat has been known for centuries for its tie and dye painting.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Coord|23|13|26|N|75|46|37|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Ujjain]]

{{India-hindu-temple-stub}}

Virk Kalan

2026-05-01T13:18:49Z

Dranvesh: Put up info

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Virk Kalan
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline =
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| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bathinda district|Bathinda]]
| subdivision_type3 = Sub-district
| subdivision_name3 = Bathinda
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| population_total = 2,520
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'''Virk Kalan''' is a [[village]] in Bathinda sub-district, [[Bathinda district]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India. It has a population of 2,520 per the [[2001 Census of India|2001 national census]]. The village has four schools and bus service to [[Bathinda]]. In addition, the [[Bathinda Airport|Bathinda airport]] is located nearby, which offers direct flights to [[Delhi]].

==Demographics==
According to the [[2001 Census of India|2001 national census]], Virk Kalan has a population of 2,520, 1,333 of whom are males and 1,187 of whom are females.<ref name="census">{{cite web | url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/View_data/Village_Profile.aspx | title=Village Profile for Virk Kalan | work=[[2001 Census of India]] | accessdate=16 December 2016}}</ref>

==Education==
Per the 2001 census, Virk Kalan has one primary school, one middle school, one secondary school and one senior secondary school.<ref name="census" />

==Transport==
Virk Kalan is located near the [[Bathinda Airport|Bathinda airport]], which gained nonstop flights from [[Delhi]] in December 2016.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/civil-aviation-minister-ashok-gajapathi-raju-inaugurates-bathinda-airport/story-nIf2dm8ASvzfAewgDPHveN.html | title=First flight lands at Bathinda airport | work=[[Hindustan Times]] | date=12 December 2016 | accessdate=16 December 2016}}</ref> As of December 2016, two private buses offer service between the village and the city of [[Bathinda]], which is about {{convert|25|km}} away.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/bathinda/airport-2-km-away-from-bus-stop-in-virk-kalan-no-direct-link-from-city-yet/336541.html | title=Airport 2 km away from bus stop in Virk Kalan, no direct link from city yet | work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] | date=13 December 2016 | accessdate=16 December 2016 | author=Khanna, Bharat | location=Chandigarh | archive-date=20 December 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220165148/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/bathinda/airport-2-km-away-from-bus-stop-in-virk-kalan-no-direct-link-from-city-yet/336541.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Bathinda district}}
{{coord missing|Punjab (India)}}

[[Category:Villages in Bathinda district]]

Sammakka Sarakka

2026-04-28T19:02:18Z

Dranvesh: Put up a info!

{{short description|Indian action drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sammakka Sarakka
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = 
| director = [[Dasari Narayana Rao]]
| writer = Dasari Narayana Rao
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = Dasari Narayana Rao
| starring = [[Roja (actress)|Roja]] [[Ramya Krishna]] Dasari Narayana Rao [[Prakash Raj]]
| narrator =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| music = [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
| studio = 
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2000|1|15}}
| runtime = 2 hours 40 minutes (160 minutes)
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Sammakka Sarakka''''' is a 2000 Indian Telugu-language action drama film directed by [[Dasari Narayana Rao]] starring himself, [[Roja (actress)|Roja]], [[Ramya Krishna]] and [[Prakash Raj]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telugu.oneindia.com/news/telangana/bitter-experiences-dasari-narayana-rao-202917.html|title=దాసరి చేదు నిజాలు: వడ్రంగి పనికి నెలకు రూ.1 జీతం, పార్టీ పెట్టి ఫెయిల్|date=31 May 2017|work=[[Oneindia]]|language=te|first=Srinivas|last=G.}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Roja (actress)|Roja]] as Sarakka<ref name="t">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/ten-telugu-movies-that-portray-the-culture-of-telangana-people-in-a-nice-way/photostory/98652755.cms|title=Ten Telugu movies that portray the culture of Telangana people nicely!|date=15 March 2023|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
*[[Ramya Krishna]] as Sammakka<ref name="t"/>
*[[Dasari Narayana Rao]]
*[[Prakash Raj]] as Bose
*[[Indraja]]
*[[Narra Venkateswara Rao]] as the landlord
*[[Babloo Prithviraj|Prithvi]]
*[[Brahmaji]]
*[[Telangana Shakuntala]]
*[[AVS (actor)|AVS]]
*[[Mukku Raju]]
}}

== Production ==
The film began production in 1999 but was stalled because of [[Dasari Narayana Rao]]'s ''[[Pichodi Chetilo Raayi]]'' (1999).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sammakka Sarakka {{!}} Colour me red! |url=http://screenindia.com/south.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991012052904/http://screenindia.com/south.htm |archive-date=12 October 1999 |access-date=21 August 2025 |website=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]}}</ref> [[Ramya Krishna]] had not received remuneration for the film, so she left the film and the duration of her role was shortened.<ref name="J">{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-sammakka.html|title=Just Released (15th January 2000) - Sammakka Sarakka|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|date=15 January 2000|last=Jeevi}}</ref> The filming was held at Talakona forests.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expressindia.com/screen/mar19/south.htm|title=Sammakka Sarakka nearing completion|website=Express India|access-date=16 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001205063900/http://www.expressindia.com/screen/mar19/south.htm|archive-date=5 December 2000}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Vandemataram Srinivas]] and features nine songs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/march12/south.htm|title=Samakka Sarakka Watch out for the music!|work=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]|date=12 March 1999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126142142/http://www.screenindia.com/old/march12/south.htm|archive-date=26 November 2010}}</ref> The lyrics were written by [[Suddala Ashok Teja]] and Dasari Narayana Rao.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://moviegq.com/movie/sammakka-sarakka-7919/songs|title=SAMMAKKA SARAKKA (2000) SONGS|work=MovieGQ}}</ref> The songs were released under the [[Aditya Music]] audio label.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/sammakka-saarakka/qH3q69JFIQA_|title=Sammakka Sarakka|date=2000|work=[[Spotify]]}}</ref>
#"Andaala Maa Oori" - Vandemataram Srinivas, [[Swarnalatha]]
#"Si Si Medaram Jatara" - Vandemataram Srinivas
#"Good Morningandi" - Vandemataram Srinivas, Swarnalatha
#"Baloccha Acha" - Vandemataram Srinivas, Swarnalatha
#"Maryaadha" - Vandemataram Srinivas, Murali, Malgudi Subha
#"Anadaala Puttina" - Vandemataram Srinivas, Swarnalatha
#"Elladellodhe" - [[Malgudi Subha]]
#"Priyamaina Mukyamantri Garu" - Vandemataram Srinivas
#"Puttindhee Oka Saare" - Vandemataram Srinivas
#"Veeche Gaalini Narike" - Vandemataram Srinivas

== Release ==
Prior to the release of the film, [[Annapurna Studios]] sent a complaint to Dasari Narayana Rao saying that he owed money to them from the failure of [[Suresh Productions|Ramanaidu Studios]]' ''Prema Mandiram'' (1981) starring [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] and had to pay it before ''Sammakka Sarakka'' (2000) could release. [[D. Suresh Babu]] intervened and sent the needed dues to Annapurna Studios.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/research/scoop/dasari.html|title=Scoop of The Month|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Jeevi of ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' wrote that "If you like 'Osey Ramulamma' and if you want to watch the badly executed 'Osey Ramulamma', watch this film!"<ref name="J"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0265687}}

{{Dasari Narayana Rao}}

[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:2000 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2000 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Dasari Narayana Rao]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vandemataram Srinivas]]

Makum people

2026-04-24T21:46:36Z

Dranvesh: starting new details

{{Use Indian English|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Assamese Chinese
| native_name = অসমীয়া চাইনিজ
| native_name_lang = as
| image =
| image_caption =
| population = Approximately 2,000
| regions = [[Makum]], [[Assam]], [[India]]
| languages = [[Assamese language|Assamese]], [[Chinese language]]
| religions = [[Christianity]], [[Buddhism]], [[Confucianism]]
| related_groups = [[Han Chinese]], [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan peoples]]
}}

The '''Makum People''', also known as the '''Zhongum people or the Assamese Chinese''', are a small community of ethnic Chinese living in the town of [[Makum]] in [[Assam]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 November 2012 |title=The Assamese Chinese story |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/The-Assamese-Chinese-story/article15618808.ece |access-date=18 June 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=21 October 2013 |title=Dream visit to homeland, 50 years after displacement |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/dream-visit-to-homeland-50-years-after-displacement/article5259209.ece |access-date=18 June 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Today, they are scattered throughout Assam. This group is primarily composed of descendants of Chinese immigrants who migrated to Assam in two distinct phases. The first phase involved the Zhongum forming alliances with the Dimasa kingdom, leading to the establishment of the Ming branch, known as Benghuo. The second phase saw another group of Zhongum arriving in Assam in 1850 when the British brought them for tea cultivation; these people are known as Juwai.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=15 April 2022 |title=Did You Know About The Left-Out Chinese Community In Assam's Makum |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/more-news/life/did-you-know-about-the-left-out-chinese-community-in-assams-makum-587575 |access-date=18 June 2024 |website=Sentinel Assam |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
The history of the Assamese Chinese community can be divided into three distinct phases.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2024 |title=Assam - Ethnic Groups, Tea Plantations, Biodiversity {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Assam/People |access-date=18 June 2024 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> The first phase involved alliances with the [[Dimasa Kingdom]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=shravancharitymission |date=9 January 2021 |title=chinese ming dynasty |url=https://kamleshsujata.blog/tag/chinese-ming-dynasty/ |access-date=18 June 2024 |website=Shravan charity mission |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Dimasa Kingdom of Assam |url=https://www.esamskriti.com/essay-chapters.aspx?sectionname=History&subsectionname=Indian-History&topicname=About-the-Dimasa-Kingdom-of-Assam-&chapter=1 |access-date=18 June 2024 |website=www.esamskriti.com |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gerini |first=G. E. |date=1913 |title=Ti-ma-sa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25189042 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |pages=690–694 |jstor=25189042 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> where a group of Chinese people, identified as the [[Ming dynasty|Ming branch]], established their presence in the region.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Avinibesh |date=29 October 2013 |title=Assam In The Eyes Of Hieun Tsiang |url=https://avinibeshsharma.wordpress.com/2013/10/29/assam-in-the-eyes-of-hieun-tsiang/ |access-date=18 June 2024 |website=Avinibesh Sharma |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dutta |first1=Dibyajyoti |last2=Hazarika |first2=Dibyanjoly |date=December 2023 |title=Beyond the Colonial Lens: An Investigation into the Chequered History of Assam Tea |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/03769836231211003 |journal=Indian Historical Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=322–343 |doi=10.1177/03769836231211003 |issn=0376-9836|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Promoting silk industry in Assam hits to beat China – AG Group |url=https://aggrp.in/promoting-silk-industry-in-assam-hits-to-beat-china/ |access-date=18 June 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Contours of Assam Insurgency |url=https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/olj/sa/sa_mar01kod01.html |access-date=18 June 2024 |website=ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu}}</ref> The second phase began in 1850 when the British brought Chinese labourers to Assam specifically for tea cultivation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Tale of Divided Identity of the Indian Chinese in Rita Chowdhury's Chinatown Days – Drishti |url=https://www.drishtithesight.com/volume-viii/a-tale-of-divided-identity-of-the-indian-chinese-in-rita-chowdhurys-chinatown-days/ |access-date=18 June 2024 |website=www.drishtithesight.com}}</ref>

The Benghuos, having arrived earlier, often view the Juwai as non-natives due to their British-facilitated migration, leading to intergroup rivalry. Despite this, both groups have grown to accept each other following the Indian concentration debacle. Over time, Benghuos have also mixed significantly with the Dimasas. Originating from [[southwestern China]], the Zhongum are of a distinct descent, with a language markedly different from Mandarin, indicating a unique cultural identity. The Benghuos historically referred to Assam as Feicu Wanguo, meaning ''"the kingdom of treasures."'' One can distinguish between Benghuo and Juwai individuals based on their surnames; titles such as Lui, Ming, Zhao, Qian, and Sun denote Benghuo heritage, while Yao, Gui, Ho, Wang, and Jiang are indicative of Juwai lineage. The Zhongum, who refer to their language as Zhong, proudly identify as Assamese people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Di-ma-sa {{!}} Southeast Asia in the Ming Shi-lu |url=https://epress.nus.edu.sg/msl/place/di-ma-sa |access-date=19 June 2024 |website=epress.nus.edu.sg}}</ref>

During the [[Sino-Indian War]] of 1962, the Assamese Chinese faced systematic cleansing and cultural erosion.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2022 |title=Done For A War Time: Tales Of Separation And Longing Of The Indian Chinese Community |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/international/done-for-a-war-time-tales-of-separation-and-longing-of-the-indian-chinese-community-news-249105 |access-date=18 June 2024 |website=Outlook India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Saikia |first=Nayanika |date=2 June 2022 |title=A Forgotten History of Assam |url=https://baos.pub/a-forgotten-history-of-assam-11d6f265a301 |access-date=18 June 2024 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref> Many were interned, forcibly relocated, and their properties were confiscated. A notable example of this cultural suppression is the conversion of the Zhong School, a prominent Chinese school in Makum, into a Hindi school by force.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pioneer |first=The |title=Homecoming: Chinese to revisit birthplace in Assam |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2013/page1/homecoming-chinese-to-revisit-birthplace-in-assam.html |access-date=18 June 2024 |website=The Pioneer |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Saikia |first=Papari |date=3 April 2023 |title=Alien at birth: Chinese migrants in post-colonial Assam (1947-1962) |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09584935.2023.2203900 |journal=Contemporary South Asia |language=en |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=179–192 |doi=10.1080/09584935.2023.2203900 |issn=0958-4935|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== Culture ==
The Assamese Chinese have retained many aspects of their Chinese heritage while also adopting elements of Assamese culture.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A lost trail : the Chinese community of Assam |url=https://thecriticalscript.com/article-details/-A-lost-trail-the-Chinese-community-of-Assam |access-date=18 June 2024 |website=thecriticalscript.com |language=en}}</ref> They celebrate traditional Chinese festivals such as the Lunar New Year and the [[Mid-Autumn Festival]], while also participating in local Assamese festivities, like [[Bihu]]. Today many call themselves simply Assamese and identify with the [[Assamese people|Assamese culture]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 May 2015 |title=Assamese of Chinese origin facing severe identity crisis |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/assamese-of-chinese-origin-facing-severe-identity-crisis/articleshow/47317336.cms?from=mdr |access-date=18 June 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2023 |title=India's Chinatown Is Home To Assamese Chinese - Community Brought From China As Tea Garden Workers |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/indias-chinatown-is-home-to-assamese-chinese-community-brought-from-china-as-tea-garden-workers-607368.html |access-date=18 June 2024 |website=IndiaTimes |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Religion ==
The religious practices of the Assamese Chinese are diverse, including [[Christianity]], [[Buddhism]], and [[Confucianism]]. Christianity however still remains the predominant religion.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 April 2019 |title=Minuscule Assamese Chinese community never misses chance to vote |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/news/minuscule-assamese-chinese-community-never-misses-chance-to-vote/articleshow/68793383.cms |access-date=18 June 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Assamese people]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* Arnab Dey (2018). Tea Environments and Plantation Culture. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108425737.
* {{Cite web |title=The Chinese community in Assam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/the-chinese-community-in-assam/article34428917.ece |work=The Hindu |access-date=18 June 2024}}

[[Category:Ethnic groups in Assam]]
[[Category:Chinese diaspora in India]]

Sheetal Angural

2026-04-21T12:01:29Z

Dranvesh: Put up pg

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sheetal Angural
| image =
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| order =
| office = [[Punjab Legislative Assembly|Member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| term_end = 2024 
| constituency = [[Jalandhar West Assembly constituency|Jalandhar West]]
| majority = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| predecessor = Sushil Kumar Rinku
| successor = [[Mohinder Bhagat]]
| order2 = 
| office2 = 
| term_start2 = 
| term_end2 = 

| pronunciation =
| birth_name = Sheetal
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = Jalandhar
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (till 2021; 2024-present)
| education = Matric
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Businessman
| profession =
| known_for =
| salary =
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| awards = 
| blank1 =
| data1 =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| website =
| nickname =
| other_party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]] (2021-2024)
}}
'''Sheetal Angural''' is an Indian politician who represented the [[Jalandhar West Assembly constituency]] in the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]. He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date= 10 March 2022 |title= Punjab Assembly Election 2022 Full Winners List |url= https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/punjab-assembly-election-results-2022-check-full-list-of-winners-constituency-wise-complete-list-of-punjab-results-2022-bjp-congress-akali-dal-aap/2456066/ |work= Financial Express |access-date= 1 April 2022}}</ref> He joined [[Bharatiya Janta Party]] in 27 March 2024, before the [[2024 Indian General Election]].<ref>{{Cite web | title=Double setback for AAP in Punjab: MP Sushil Kumar, MLA Sheetal Angural to join BJP | url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/aap-punjab-mp-sushil-kumar-mla-sheetal-angural-join-bjp-9236163/lite/}}</ref>

== Career ==

=== 2022 Punjab assembly elections ===
Sheetal Angural won 2022 Punjab assembly elections from Jalandhar West constituency by defeating Sushil Rinku of [[Indian National Congress]] by 4253 votes.<ref name="Results March 2022">{{cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2022/ConstituencywiseS1934.htm?ac=34 |website=results.eci.gov.in |access-date=7 April 2022}}</ref>

===Joining BJP===
Sheetal Angural joined the [[Bharatiya Janta Party]] on 27 March 2024.<ref>{{Cite web| title= Double setback for AAP in Punjab: MP Sushil Kumar, MLA Sheetal Angural to join BJP |url= https://www.indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/aap-punjab-mp-sushil-kumar-mla-sheetal-angural-join-bjp-9236163/lite/}}</ref>

After joining BJP, he fought the Jalandhar by-election in 2024 and felt cheated by BJP, when he was defeated by [[Mohinder Bhagat]] his own ex-fellow from AAP, when the latter won the by-election by 55k:17k votes. Sheetal is left nowhere but in the middle of a deserted ocean after the election results.

==Member of Legislative Assembly==
He represented the [[Jalandhar West Assembly constituency]] as MLA in Punjab Assembly till the 2024 by-elections.

;[[Punjab Legislative Assembly#Committees|Committee assignments of Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
*Member (2022–23) [[Punjab Assembly Committee on Welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Backward Classes|Committee on Welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Backward Classes]]<ref name="Committee on Welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Backward Classes">{{cite web |title=vidhan Sabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=29&Itemid=119 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in}}</ref>
*Member (2022–23) [[Punjab Assembly Committee on Government Assurances|Committee on Government Assurances]]<ref name="Committee on Government Assurances">{{cite web |title=vidhan Sabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=34&Itemid=119 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in |access-date=2022-06-13 |archive-date=2021-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514050545/http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=34&Itemid=119 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Electoral performance ==
{{transcluded section|source=Jalandhar West Assembly constituency}}

=== 2024 by-election ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2024 elections in India#Punjab|Punjab Legislative Assembly by-election 2024]]: Jalandhar West}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Aam Aadmi Party|candidate=Mohinder Pal Bhagat|votes=55,246|percentage=58.39|change={{increase}}24.66}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Sheetal Angural|votes=17,921|percentage=18.94|change={{decrease}}9.87|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Surinder Kaur|votes=16,757|percentage=17.71|change={{decrease}}12.36|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Shiromani Akali Dal|candidate=Surjit Kaur|votes=1,242|percentage=1.31|change=''New''|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Binder Kumar|votes=734|percentage=0.78|change={{decrease}}2.77|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the Above|votes=687|percentage=0.73|change={{decrease}}0.06|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)|candidate=Sarabjit Singh Khalsa|votes=662|percentage=0.7|change={{decrease}}0.76|}}
{{Election box majority|votes=37,325|percentage=39.45|change={{increase}}35.75|}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=94,609|percentage=54.98|change={{decrease}}12.72|}}
{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Aam Aadmi Party|loser=|swing=}}
{{Election box end}}{{#section:Jalandhar West Assembly constituency|Assembly Election 2022}}

==Resignation Accepted==
Punjab Assembly Speaker [[Kultar Singh Sandhwan]] has accepted his resignation on 30 May and a notification was issued on 31 May 2024. Further, now this seat is filled by the by-election won by [[Mohinder Bhagat]] from [[Aam Aadmi Party]] of [[Arvind Kejriwal]] and [[Bhagwant Maan]].
<ref>{{Cite web| title= Punjab Assembly Speaker accepts AAP turncoat Sheetal Angural's resignation |url= https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/punjab-assembly-speaker-accepts-aap-turncoat-sheetal-angurals-resignation-627491}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-la}}
{{IN MLA box
| state= Punjab
| constituency= Jalandhar West
| before= -
| after= [[Mohinder Bhagat]]
| years= [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]] – 2024 }}
{{s-end}}
{{Bharatiya Janata Party |state=expanded}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Angural, Sheetal}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party politicians from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Punjab]]

{{PunjabIN-BJP-politician-stub}}

Ajmer South Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:22:40Z

Dranvesh: adding initial info from scratch!

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Rajasthan State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Ajmer South
| map_image = Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan-101-Ajmer South.svg
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 101
| district = [[Ajmer district|Ajmer]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Ajmer Lok Sabha constituency|Ajmer]]
| established = 2008
| reservation = SC
| mla = [[Anita Bhadel]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| electors = {{formatnum:210287}}<ref name=election2023/>{{update after|2029|1}}
}}
'''Ajmer South Assembly constituency''' is one of the 200 [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Rajasthan]] state in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=https://ceorajasthan.nic.in/map/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP.pdf |title=New Assembly Constituencies |website=ceorajasthan.nic.in |date=25 January 2006| access-date=12 February 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Ajmer district|Ajmer]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]]. As of 2023, it is represented by [[Anita Bhadel]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].{{update after|2029|1}}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name=election2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3407-rajasthan-2008/|title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 December 2021}}</ref>
|rowspan=4| [[Anita Bhadel]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3411-rajasthan-2013/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 2013 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=30 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
|[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name=election2018/>
|-
|[[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/eci-backend/public/all_files/full-statistical-reports/rajasthan/2023/Detailed_Results.pdf |title=State Election,2023 to the legislative assembly of Rajasthan |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 12 February 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|-
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Election, 2023]]: Ajmer South<ref name="election2023"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Anita Bhadel
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:71319}}
|percentage = 50.22
|change = +0.06
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Dr. Dropdi Koli
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:66873}}
|percentage = 47.09
|change = +1.07
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1674}}
|percentage = 1.18
|change = -0.11
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:4446}}
|percentage = 3.13
|change = -1.01
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:142004}}
|percentage = 67.53
|change = -0.54
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Election, 2018]]: Ajmer South<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2018/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Anita Bhadel
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:69064}}
|percentage = 50.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Hemant Bhati
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:63364}}
|percentage = 46.02
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1779}}
|percentage = 1.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:5700}}
|percentage = 4.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:137683}}
|percentage = 68.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Ajmer district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan}}

{{coord|26.44|74.64|display=title}}

[[Category:Ajmer district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Politics of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Ajmer]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Dusmanta Kumar Swain

2026-04-19T06:23:59Z

Dranvesh: New biography

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Dusmanta Kumar Swain
| birth_name =
| caption =
| image =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = Member of the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Khandapada Assembly constituency|Khandapada]]
| term_start = 4 June 2024
| predecessor = [[Soumya Ranjan Patnaik]]
| constituency1 =
| term1 =
| term_end1 =
| successor1 =
| office2 =
| constituency2 =
| term_start2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| other_party =
| website =
| alma_mater =
| profession = Politician
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}

'''Dusmanta Kumar Swain''' is an Indian politician. He was elected to the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[Khandapada Assembly constituency|Khandapad]] as a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Dusmanta Kumar Swain Election Affidavit |url=https://www.myneta.info/Odisha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=759 |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=25 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Khandapada Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Dusmanta Kumar Swain of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/khandapada-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8916802.html |website=News18 |publisher=Election Results Hub |access-date=25 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Odisha Assembly Election Result 2024; Check List of Winning Candidates |url=https://pragativadi.com/odisha-assembly-election-result-2024-check-list-of-winning-candidates/ |website=Pragativadi |publisher=Pragativadi News Service |access-date=25 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Odisha Assembly Election Result 2024: Full list of winners |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/odisha-assembly-election-result-2024-full-list-of-winners/3511557/ |website=Financial Express |publisher=India News Desk |access-date=25 September 2024}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Swain, Dusmanta Kumar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Odisha-BJP-politician-stub}}

Bashisth Singh

2026-04-18T23:18:46Z

Dranvesh: adding the biography first draft!

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Bashisth Singh
| image =
| caption =
| office = Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 14 November 2025
| term_end =
| constituency =
| predecessor = [[Santosh Kumar Mishra]]
| successor = Incumbent
| term_start1 = 2015
| term_end1 = 2020
| constituency1 = [[Kargahar Assembly constituency|Kargahar]]
| predecessor1 = Ram Dhani Singh
| successor1 = [[Santosh Kumar Mishra]]
| birth_place =
| birth_date =
| spouse =
| party = [[Janata Dal (United)]]
| alma_mater =
| profession = Politician
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Bashisth Singh''' is an Indian politician from [[Bihar]]. He is elected as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] twice from [[Kargahar Assembly constituency|Kargahar]] constituency.<ref name="Bihar Assembly Election Results 2025: Constituency-wise winners and runners-up2">{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bihar-assembly-election-results-2025-constituency-wise-winners-and-runners-up-10366461/|title=Bihar Assembly Election Results 2025: Constituency-wise winners and runners-up|date=15 November 2025|access-date=15 November 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115035930/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bihar-assembly-election-results-2025-constituency-wise-winners-and-runners-up-10366461/|archive-date=15 November 2025|publisher=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Bihar Election Result 2025: Full list of winners in 243 constituencies2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/bihar-election-result-2025-full-list-of-winners-in-243-constituencies-13675947.html|title=Bihar Election Result 2025: Full list of winners in 243 constituencies|date=15 November 2025|access-date=15 November 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115040110/https://www.moneycontrol.com/europe/?url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/bihar-election-result-2025-full-list-of-winners-in-243-constituencies-13675947.html|archive-date=15 November 2025|publisher=Money Control}}</ref>

Bashisth Singh won from [[Kargahar Assembly constituency|Kargahar]] constituency representing [[Janata Dal (United)]] in the 2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election. He polled 92,485 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Uday Pratap Singh of [[Bahujan Samaj Party]], by a margin of 35,676 votes.<ref name="2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results: Kargahar">{{cite news |title=2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results: Kargahar |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04209.htm |access-date=3 December 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=14 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251203035216/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04209.htm |archive-date=3 December 2025}}</ref><ref name="Kargahar Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025">{{cite news |title=Kargahar Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/kargahar |access-date=3 December 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=14 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251203035227/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/kargahar |archive-date=3 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Bashisth}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]
[[Category:Janata Dal (United) politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Bihar-politician-stub}}

Yogendrasinh Parmar

2026-04-14T01:45:20Z

Dranvesh: Put up pg!

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Yogendrasinh Parmar
| office = Member of [[Thasra Assembly constituency]] for [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
| native_name = યોગેન્દ્રસિંહ પરમાર
| native_name_lang = Gj
| constituency = [[Thasra Assembly constituency|Thasra]]
| country = {{flag|India}}
| assembly = [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
| predecessor = Kantibhai Parmar
| successor =
| term_start = 2022
| term_end =
| source =
| party = [[Bhartiya Janta Party|BJP]]
| birth_name = {{birth date and age|1972|04|4|df=yes}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amarujala.com/election/vidhan-sabha-elections/gujarat/candidates/yogendrasinh-parmar-(bakabhai)-bjp-2022-thasra-119-gujarat|title=Yogendrasingh Parmar (Bakabhai) - Thasra Assembly Election 2022 Result|publisher=amarujala.com|access-date= 8 December 2022}}</ref>
| occupation = Politician
| profession =
| nickname = Bakabhai
| honorific_prefix = Member of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly since 2022<ref name=election2022/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/thasra-gujarat-assembly-constituency|title=Thasra Assembly Constituency Election Result|publisher=resultuniversity.com}}</ref>
}}

'''Yogendrasinh Parmar'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianvotes.com/thasra.html|title=Thasra (Gujarat) Assembly Constituency Elections|publisher=indianvotes.com|access-date=8 December 2022|archive-date=3 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203102114/https://indianvotes.com/thasra.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> (born 4 April 1972) is an Indian [[politician]] who represented [[Thasra Assembly constituency]] in the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/thasra-election-result-2022-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-result-winner-loser-tally-bjp-congress-aap-gujarat-assembly-election-result-news-1568261|title=Gujarat Elections 2022 Vote Counting Live Updates: For Thasra Constituency|date=8 December 2022 |publisher=amarujala.com|access-date= 8 December 2022}}</ref> In 2022,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/nation/thasra-assembly-election-result-2022-bjp-candidate-yogendrasinh-parmar-wins-from-thasra-with-61919-votes-5010563.html|title=Thasra Assembly Seat Result: BJP's Yogendrasinh Ramsingh Parmar won from Thasra by defeating Congress.|date=8 December 2022 |publisher=hindi.news18.com|access-date= 8 December 2022}}</ref> he was elected as [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from Thasra Assembly constituency as a member of the [[BJP|Bhartiya Janta Party]].<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/|title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 18 April 2023}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Parmar, Yogendrasinh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2022–2027]]

{{Gujarat-BJP-politician-stub}}

Maurya Express

2026-04-07T12:08:09Z

Dranvesh: starting a stub

{{Italic title}}{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox rail service
| color = FF0000
| name = Maurya Express
| logo =
| image = Maurya Express.jpg
| image_width =
| caption = Maurya Express At Muzaffarpur Junction
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| status = Operating
| locale =
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|1976|07|15}}
| last =
| operator = [[North Eastern Railway zone|North Eastern Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Sambalpur}} (SBP)
| stops = 51
| end = {{stnlnk|Gorakhpur}} (GKP)
| distance = {{convert|1164|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 31h 10m
| frequency = Daily
| class = AC First, AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper Class, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering E-catering
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = No
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| electrification = 25 kV at 50 Hz
| trainnumber = 15027 / 15028
| speed = {{convert|37|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including stops
| map =
| map_state =
}}

The 15027 / 15028 '''Maurya Express''' is an [[Express trains in India|Express]] train belonging to [[North Eastern Railway zone]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Sambalpur Junction}} and {{stnlnk|Gorakhpur Junction}} in India. It is currently being operated with 15027/15028 train numbers on a daily basis.<ref>[http://www.er.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=1119&did=1497442425372F3855F38B3CC17013DE62B3BAF1645C4.web91 VANANCHAL EXPRESS TO CONTINUE SERVICE VIA DIVERTED ROUTE]</ref><ref>[http://ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,423&dcd=1703&did=149742743905201A3CDE8FFF5BC6FA99C56A2ED3A9ABC.web91 REVISED TIMINGS OF TRAINS DIVERTED DUE TO CLOSURE OF TRAFFIC ON DHANBAD-CHANDRAPURA SECTION]</ref><ref>[http://www.ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,423&dcd=1701&did=1497351692094BD5D3F58DC5250A1E686976419DD88B0.web91 MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS CLOSES TRAFFIC ON DHANBAD-CHANDRAPURA SECTION]</ref>

Due to the closure of [[Dhanbad–Chandrapura line]], this train was diverted route to Dhanbad–Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Gomoh–Chandrapura line. Now it has been restored on its previous route.

== Service==

The 15027/Maurya Express has an average speed of 36 km/h and covers 851 km in 23h 30m. The 15028/Maurya Express has an average speed of 35 km/h and covers 851 km in 24h 05m.

== History ==

The '''Maurya Express''' was originally introduced as the '''Dhanbad–Muzaffarpur Express''', providing rail connectivity between the coalfield region of [[Dhanbad]] in [[Jharkhand]] and [[Muzaffarpur]] in [[Bihar]].

With growing passenger demand, the train was subsequently extended beyond Dhanbad towards the [[Ranchi]] region, with its terminal later shifted to [[Hatia railway station|Hatia]], the principal long-distance rail terminal serving Ranchi. This extension improved connectivity between southern Jharkhand and north Bihar.

In later years, the service was further extended towards [[Gorakhpur Junction railway station|Gorakhpur]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]], establishing a direct long-distance rail link between eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand.

For a certain period, the train was also extended beyond Hatia to [[Sambalpur]] in [[Odisha]], thereby providing enhanced inter-state connectivity between Jharkhand and western Odisha. Subsequently, the service was curtailed back to Hatia following operational rationalisation.

The train presently operates as the '''15027 / 15028 Maurya Express''', continuing to serve as an important Mail/Express train across eastern India.

== Route and stops ==

The important stops of the train are:

* '''{{stnlnk|Sambalpur Junction}}'''
* {{stnlnk|Jharsuguda Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Rourkela Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Hatia}}
* {{stnlnk|Ranchi Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Muri Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Bokaro Steel City}}
* {{stnlnk|Chandrapura}}
* {{stnlnk|Dhanbad}}
* {{stnlnk|Jasidih}}
* {{stnlnk|Jhajha}}
* {{stnlnk|Jamui}}
* {{stnlnk|Kiul}}
* {{stnlnk|Barauni Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Samastipur}}
* {{stnlnk|Khudiram Bose Pusa}}
* {{stnlnk|Muzaffarpur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Hajipur}}
* {{stnlnk|Sonpur}}
* {{stnlnk|Chhapra Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Siwan Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Deoria Sadar}}
* {{stnlnk|Chauri Chaura}}
* '''{{stnlnk|Gorakhpur Junction}}'''

==Coach composition==
The train has modern LHB rakes with a maximum speed of 110 km/h.<ref>{{Cite web |last=telang |first=Kamlesh |title=15027/Maurya Express (PT) - Hatia to Gorakhpur NER/North Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-maurya-express-15027/1073/385/539 |access-date=2022-06-11 |website=India Rail Info}}</ref> The train consists of 22 coaches:

* 2 AC II Tier (A1 - A2)
* 10 AC III Tier (B1 - B9 and BE1)
* 4 Sleeper coaches (S1 - S4)
* 4 General Unreserved (D1 - D4)
* 1 Divyangjan cum Guard Coach
* 1 Generator Car

==Traction==

Both trains are hauled by a [[Gonda Junction railway station|Gonda Loco Shed]] based [[WAP-7]] electric locomotive from Sambalpur to Gorakhpur and vice versa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=telang |first=Kamlesh |title=15027/Maurya Express (PT) - Hatia to Gorakhpur NER/North Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-maurya-express-15027/1073/385/539 |access-date=2022-06-11 |website=India Rail Info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=JigyasuSinghRF |title=15028/Maurya Express - Gorakhpur to Hatia NER/North Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-maurya-express-15028/1074/539/385 |access-date=2022-06-11 |website=India Rail Info}}</ref>

==Direction reversal==

Train used to reverse its direction once at;

* {{stnlnk|Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Gomoh}}

But the {{stnlnk|Chandrapura Junction}} line has once again resumed. The train does not touch NSC Bose Gomoh any more.

== Coach composition ==
It runs with 4 Sleeper coaches, 3 Second sitting coaches, 10 III AC Coaches, 2 II AC Tier Coach and 1 AC First cum II Tier AC Coach along with 1 Divyangjan Cum Guard Coach & 1 Generator Car.

== See also ==

* [[Hatia railway station]]
* [[Gorakhpur Junction railway station]]

== References ==
New route of maurya Express sambalpur(SBP)To Hatia(HTE) To Gorakhpur(GKP)
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://d.indiarailinfo.com/train/1073 15027/Maurya Express]
* [https://d.indiarailinfo.com/train/1074 15028/Maurya Express]

{{Railways in Northern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maurya Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Ranchi]]
[[Category:Passenger trains originating from Gorakhpur]]
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Bihar]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 1976]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Premi Viswanath

2026-03-30T16:04:14Z

Dranvesh: Put up a details from scratch...

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{BLP sources|date=March 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Premi Viswanath
| image =
| caption =
| birthname = Premi Viswanath
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Edappally]] [[Ernakulam]]
| occupation = [[Actress]] [[Model (person)|Model]] [[Anchor]]
| years active = 2014 – present
| signature =
}}
'''Premi Vishwanath''' is an Indian television [[actress]] from [[Kerala]] who predominantly appears in Malayalam and Telugu television shows and films. She is known for her role as Karthika/Karthu in the [[soap opera]] ''[[Karuthamuthu]]'', which premiered on [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]] and also for portraying Deepa in the Telugu serial [[Karthika Deepam (Telugu TV series)|Karthika Deepam]] on [[Star Maa]].

== Career ==
Premi Vishwanath began her acting career in Malayalam television with ''[[Karuthamuthu]]'', in which she played the lead role of Karthika Balachandran.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gem of a role | url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/interview-with-premi-viswanath-of-karuthamuthu-serial/article7680971.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=24 September 2015 | first=Athira | last=M. | accessdate=30 September 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=I am happy to play Karthika of Karuthamuthu: Premi Vishwanath | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/I-am-happy-to-play-Karthika-of-Karuthamuthu-Premi-Vishwanath/articleshow/45110132.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|date=11 November 2014| first=Deepa | last=Soman | accessdate=30 September 2018 }}</ref> She received the Best Debutante Female award at the 2014 [[Asianet Television Awards]] for her performance in the series. Following her exit from ''Karuthamuthu'', she appeared as Mayilamma in ''Moonumani'', which aired on [[Flowers (TV series)]].

She later entered the Telugu television industry and gained wider recognition for portraying Deepa in ''[[Karthika Deepam (Telugu TV series)]]'', the Telugu remake of ''Karuthamuthu''. The series aired on [[Star Maa]] from 16 October 2017 to 23 January 2023. She reprised the role in ''Karthika Deepam 2'', which premiered on 25 March 2024 and is a remake of ''[[Chellamma (TV series)]]''.

She is related to actor [[Jayasurya]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Premi Viswanath - Serial Actress| url=http://cinetrooth.in/2015/12/19/premi-viswanth-actress-profile-and-biography/|date=19 December 2015|publisher=Cinetrooth| accessdate=30 September 2018 }} {{unreliable source?|date=October 2018}}</ref>

==Films==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year!! Title !!Role!!Language !! Notes
|-
|2021||''Akame''||{{N/A}}||[[Malayalam]]||Producer, Short film
|-
|2023
|''[[Custody (2023 film)|Custody]]''
|Mangalam
|Tamil-[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|Tamil-Telugu bilingual film
|-
|2023
|''[[Salmon 3D]]''||Mariya||[[Tamil language|Tamil]]||
|-
|}

==Television==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year!! Title !!Role!!Channel!!Language !! Notes
|-
| 2014-2015
| ''[[Karuthamuthu]]''
| Karthika Balachandran
| [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Malayalam]]
| later replaced by [[Renu Soundar]]
|-
| 2015
| ''Kuttikalavara''
| Herself as Host
| rowspan=2| [[Flowers (TV channel)|Flowers]]
| later replaced by Parvathy R Krishna
|-
| 2015-2016
| ''Moonumani''
| Mayilamma
|
|-
| 2016–2017
| ''[[Kayamkulam Kochunniyude Makan (TV Series)|Kayamkulam Kochunniyude Makan]]''
| Thamara
| [[Surya TV]]
|
|-
| 2017–2023
| ''[[Karthika Deepam (Telugu TV series)|Karthika Deepam]]''
|Rowspan =3|Deepa
| Rowspan=3|[[Star Maa]]
| Rowspan=3|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| Remake of ''[[Karuthamuthu]]''
|-
|2019||Gorintaku||rowspan=2|Cameo appearance
|-
|2020||Chelleli Kapuram
|-
|2021||''[[Ente Maathavu]]''||Devika||[[Surya TV]]||[[Malayalam]]||
|-
| 2024–present
| ''[[Karthika Deepam (Telugu TV series)|Karthika Deepam 2]]''
| Deepa
| [[Star Maa]]
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| Remake of ''[[Chellamma (TV series)|Chellamma]]''
|}

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Work
!Result
!Ref
|-
| rowspan=2| 2014
| [[Asianet Communications|Asianet Television Awards]]
| Best Debutante Female
| rowspan=2| ''[[Karuthamuthu]]''
| rowspan=2 {{won}}
|
|-
| J.C Foundation Award
| Best Actress
|
|-
| rowspan=2| 2018
| rowspan=2| Star Maa Parivaar Awards
| Best Jodi (along with Nirupam Pariatala)
| rowspan=2| ''[[Karthika Deepam (Telugu TV series)|Karthika Deepam]]''
| {{nom}}
|
|-
| Best Actress
| {{Won}}
|
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=9957700}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Viswanath, Premi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kochi]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam television]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu television]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Canadian Armed Forces

2026-03-26T19:01:39Z

Dranvesh: correct details based on references and cleaned formatting for accuracy

{{Short description|Unified military forces of Canada}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox national military
| country = Canada
| name = Canadian Armed Forces
| native_name = {{lang|fr|Forces armées canadiennes}}
| image = Badge of the Canadian Armed Forces.png
| image_size = 150px
| caption = [[Heraldic badge|Badge]] of the CAF
| image2 = [[File:Flag of the Canadian Forces.svg|border|200px]]
| caption2 = [[List of Canadian flags#Canadian Armed Forces|Flag of the CAF]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gg.ca/en/heraldry/public-register/project/1252 |title=Confirmation of the blazon of a Flag |work=Public Register of Arms, Flags and Badges of Canada |accessdate=19 March 2025}}</ref>
| founded =
| current_form = {{Start date and age|1968|02|01|df=yes}}
| branches = {{tree list}}
* {{navy|Canada}}
* {{army|Canada}}
* {{air force|Canada}}
{{Tree list/end}}
| headquarters = [[National Defence Headquarters (Canada)|National Defence Headquarters]], [[Ottawa]], Ontario
| url = {{official URL}}
| commander-in-chief = {{Canadian monarch, current|nameonly=~}}, [[Monarchy of Canada|{{Canadian monarch, current|title=~}} of Canada]] Represented by [[Mary Simon]], [[Governor General of Canada]]
| commander-in-chief_title = [[Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces|Commander-in-Chief]]
| chief minister = [[Mark Carney]]
| chief minister_title = [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]]
| minister = [[David McGuinty]]
| minister_title = [[Minister of National Defence (Canada)|Minister of National Defence]]
| chief_of_staff = General [[Jennie Carignan]]
{{Infobox |child=yes
| label1 = [[Vice Chief of the Defence Staff (Canada)|Vice Chief of the Defence Staff]]
| data1 = Lieutenant-General [[Stephen Kelsey]]
| label2 = [[Canadian Forces Chief Warrant Officer|Chief Warrant Officer]]
| data2 = [[Chief warrant officer#Canadian Armed Forces|CWO]] Bob McCann
}}
| chief_of_staff_title = [[Chief of the Defence Staff (Canada)|Chief of the Defence Staff]]
| age = 16–60 years old{{efn|Persons 16 years of age, with parental permission, can join the Canadian Armed Forces.|name=Age}}
| conscription = No
| manpower_data =
| manpower_age = 17–49<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/canada/| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110054232/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/canada| url-status=dead| archive-date=10 January 2021| title=The World Factbook > Canada > Military| publisher=Central Intelligence Agency| date=19 November 2015|access-date=23 November 2015}}</ref>
| available =
| available_f =
| fit =
| fit_f =
| active = approx. 66,725 (2026)<ref name="stats">{{cite web |last1=Defence |first1=National Defence |title=Personnel |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/corporate/organizational-structure/military-personnel-command/state-of-the-canadian-armed-forces.html |website=www.canada.ca |access-date=26 February 2026 |date=7 February 2025}}</ref>
| reserve = approx. 32,180 (2026)<ref name="stats" />
| deployed = approx. 5,000<ref>{{cite web |date=27 March 2013 |title=Current operations list |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/services/operations/military-operations/current-operations/list.html |publisher=Government of Canada |access-date=24 September 2020}}</ref>
| amount = {{USD|37.75 billion|link=yes}} (2026) ([[List of countries by military expenditures|List of countries by military expenditures]])<ref name="SIPRI-2024">{{cite web |date=March 2026 |title=2026-27 Departmental Plan |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/corporate/reports-publications/departmental-plans/departmental-plan-2026-27.html |access-date=2026-03-17}}</ref>
| percent_GDP = 1.6% (2026)<ref name="SIPRI-2024"></ref>

| domestic_suppliers = {{hidden
|''List''
| headerstyle=background:#b0c4de
| style=text-align:center;|[[L-3 Communications MAS]] [[Bombardier Aerospace]] [[CAE Inc.|CAE]] [[Meggitt|Meggitt Training Systems Canada]] [[Colt Canada]] [[Textron|Textron Systems Canada]] [[Kongsberg Gruppen|Kongsberg Protech Systems Canada]] [[Rheinmetall|Rheinmetall Defence Canada]] [[Irving Shipbuilding|Irving Shipbuilding Inc.]] [[General Dynamics Land Systems|General Dynamics Land Systems Canada]] [[Raytheon|Raytheon Canada Limited]] [[Seaspan Marine Corporation]] [[Thales Air Defence|Thales Canada]]<ref>Canadian Defence Review [http://www.canadiandefencereview.com/new_item_en_en_298cms.htm Canada's 2011 Top 50 Defence Companies] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331092659/http://www.canadiandefencereview.com/new_item_en_en_298cms.htm |date=31 March 2012 }}. Retrieved on: 15 December 2011</ref> [[Boeing Defense, Space & Security|Boeing Canada]]<ref>Canadian Defence Review [http://www.canadiandefencereview.com/new_item_en_en_298cms.htm Canada's 2011 Top 50 Defence Companies] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331092659/http://www.canadiandefencereview.com/new_item_en_en_298cms.htm |date=31 March 2012 }}. Retrieved on: 28 August 2011</ref> }}
| foreign_suppliers = {{hidden
|''List''
| headerstyle=background:#b0c4de |{{UK}} {{USA}} {{FRA}} {{ITA}} {{SWE}} {{AUS}} {{ISR}} {{ESP}}}}
| imports = 
| history = [[Military history of Canada]]
{{hidden
|''List of engagements''
| headerstyle=background:#b0c4de
| style=text-align:center;
|[[Fenian Raids]] [[Wolseley Expedition]] [[North-West Rebellion]] [[Second Boer War]] [[World War I]] [[Russian Civil War]] [[World War II]] [[Korean War]] [[Gulf War]] [[Croatian War of Independence]] [[Bosnian War]] [[Somali Civil War]] [[Kosovo War]] [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|Afghanistan War]] [[2011 Libyan Civil War]] [[War against the Islamic State]]}}
| ranks = [[Canadian Armed Forces ranks and insignia]]
}}

The '''Canadian Armed Forces''' ('''CAF'''; {{langx|fr|Forces armées canadiennes}}, '''FAC''') are the unified [[Military|military forces]] of [[Canada]], including sea, land, and air commands referred to as the [[Royal Canadian Navy]], [[Canadian Army]] and the [[Royal Canadian Air Force]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence.html | title=National Defence | publisher=Government of Canada | access-date=11 September 2023}}</ref> Under the ''[[National Defence Act]]'', the Canadian Armed Forces are an entity separate and distinct from the [[Department of National Defence (Canada)|Department of National Defence]] (the [[Government of Canada|federal government department]] responsible for the administration and formation of defence policy), which also exists as the civilian support system for the forces.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/about/faq.page#q7 |title=Frequently Asked Questions – What is the relationship between DND and the CAF? |publisher=Department of National Defence |date=27 July 2013 |access-date=11 April 2014 |archive-date=7 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107055549/http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/about/faq.page#q7 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/about/canadian-armed-forces.page | title=About the Canadian Armed Forces | publisher=Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada | date=27 July 2013 | access-date=3 April 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317004607/http://forces.gc.ca/en/about/canadian-armed-forces.page | archive-date=17 March 2015 | url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/about-us.page | title=About the Department of National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces – National Defence Act | publisher=Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada | date=23 May 2013 | access-date=3 April 2015 | archive-date=15 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215004216/http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/about-us.page | url-status=dead }}</ref>

The [[Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces|commander-in-chief of the Canadian Armed Forces]] is {{Canadian monarch, current|nameonly=1}}, who is represented by the [[Governor General of Canada|Governor General]].<ref name="BNA">{{Cite book |author=Victoria |author-link=Queen Victoria |url=http://www.solon.org/Constitutions/Canada/English/ca_1867.html |title=Constitution Act, 1867 |date=29 March 1867 |publisher=[[Queen's Printer]] |series=III.15 |location=Westminster |quote=The Command-in-Chief of the Land and Naval Militia, and of all Naval and Military Forces, of and in Canada, is hereby declared to continue to be vested in the Queen. |access-date=15 January 2009}}</ref><ref name="crown powers">{{cite journal|author=Lagassé, Philippe|date=December 2013|title=The Crown's Powers of Commander-in Chief: Interpreting Section 15 of Canada's Constitution Act, 1867|url=https://www.constitutionalstudies.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/03_Lagass.pdf|journal=Review of Constitutional Studies|volume=18|issue=2|pages=189–220|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304185526/http://ualawccsprod.srv.ualberta.ca/ccs/images/03_Lagass.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=10 November 2015}}</ref><ref name="GG1">{{cite web|title=Governor General of Canada > Commander-in-Chief|url=http://gg.ca/gg/rr/cc/index_e.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20071201202301/http://www.gg.ca/gg/rr/cc/index_e.asp|archive-date=1 December 2007|access-date=15 January 2009|publisher=Rideau Hall}}</ref> The [[Chief of the Defence Staff (Canada)|chief of the Defence Staff]] is the professional head of the Canadian Armed Forces, who under the direction of the [[Minister of National Defence (Canada)|minister of national defence]] and together with the assistance of the [[Armed Forces Council (Canada)|Armed Forces Council]], manages the operations of the Canadian Armed Forces.

In 2026–2027, Canada's military expenditures are budgeted at approximately US$37.75 billion, or around 1.6 percent of the country's [[gross domestic product]] (GDP).<ref name="SIPRI-2024"/> The Canadian Armed Forces are a professional [[Volunteer military|volunteer force]] that consists of approximately 100,000 personnel, split between approximately 68,000 active personnel and 32,000 reserve personnel, with a sub-component of approximately 5,000 Canadian Rangers.<ref name=stats/>

[[Canadian peacekeeping|Canada's peacekeeping role]] during the 20th century has played a major role in its positive global image.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sorenson |first1=David S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2OZ6NRiL5MkC&pg=PA158 |title=The Politics of Peacekeeping in the Post-cold War Era |last2=Wood |first2=Pia Christina |publisher=Psychology Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7146-8488-8 |page=158}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sobel |first1=Richard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RsY3pK_993EC&pg=PA21 |title=International Public Opinion and the Bosnia Crisis |last2=Shiraev |first2=Eric |last3=Shapiro |first3=Robert |publisher=Lexington Books |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-7391-0480-4 |page=21}}</ref> Canada has long been reluctant to participate in military operations that are not sanctioned by the [[United Nations]] (UN),<ref name="Massie 2019 pp. 575–594"/><ref name="Mingst Karns 2019 p. 63">{{cite book | last1=Mingst | first1=K. | last2=Karns | first2=M.P. | title=The United Nations In The Post-cold War Era, Second Edition | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2019 | isbn=978-1-000-30674-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kk2fDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT63| page=63}}</ref> such as the [[Canada and the Vietnam War|Vietnam War]] or the [[Canada and the Iraq War|2003 invasion of Iraq]].<ref name="Massie 2019 pp. 575–594">{{cite journal | last=Massie | first=Justin | title=Why Canada Goes to War: Explaining Combat Participation in US-led Coalitions | journal=Canadian Journal of Political Science | publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP) | volume=52 | issue=3 | date=30 April 2019 | issn=0008-4239 | doi=10.1017/s0008423919000040 | pages=575–594}}</ref><ref name="Mingst Karns 2019 p. 63"/> Since the 21st century, Canadian direct participation in UN peacekeeping efforts greatly declined, with its military participation reallocated to UN-sanctioned operations through the [[List of NATO operations|North Atlantic Treaty Organization]] (NATO).<ref name="McQuaig2010bt">{{cite book|author=Linda McQuaig|title=Holding the Bully's Coat: Canada and the U.S. Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9g4Xd12rIGYC&pg=PT50|year=2010|publisher=Random House Digital|isbn=978-0-385-67297-9|page=50}}</ref>

The CAF operates several other commands, including [[Canadian Forces Intelligence Command]], [[Canadian Joint Operations Command]], and [[Canadian Special Operations Forces Command]]. Personnel may belong to either the [[Regular Force]] or the Reserve Force, which has four sub-components: the [[Primary Reserve]], [[Canadian Forces Supplementary Reserve|Supplementary Reserve]], [[Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service]], and the [[Canadian Rangers]].

==History==
{{main|Military history of Canada}}
{{see also|History of the Canadian Army|History of the Royal Canadian Navy|l2=Royal Canadian Navy|History of the Royal Canadian Air Force|l3=Royal Canadian Air Force|Monarchy of Canada and the Canadian Armed Forces#History}}

===Origins and establishment===
{{more citations needed section|date=January 2017}}
[[File:The Canadian Militia, 1898.jpg|thumb|Uniforms of the [[Canadian militia]] in 1898. The Canadian Army traces its roots to the militia.]]
Prior to [[Canadian Confederation|Confederation]] in 1867, residents of the colonies in what is now Canada served as regular members of French and British forces and in [[Colonial militia in Canada|local militia groups]]. The latter aided in the defence of their respective territories against attacks by other European powers, [[Aboriginal peoples in Canada|Indigenous peoples]], and later [[United States Armed Forces|American forces]] during the [[American Revolutionary War]] and [[War of 1812]], as well as in the [[Fenian raids]], [[Red River Rebellion]], and [[North-West Rebellion]]. Consequently, the lineages of some Canadian Army units stretch back to the late 18th century, when militia units were formed to assist in the defence of [[British North America]] against invasion by the United States.

The responsibility for military command remained with the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British Crown]]-[[Queen-in-Council|in-Council]], with a [[Commander-in-Chief, North America|commander-in-chief for North America]] stationed in [[City of Halifax|Halifax]] until the final withdrawal of [[British Army]] and [[Royal Navy]] units from the city in 1906. Thereafter, the [[Royal Canadian Navy]] was formed, and, with the advent of military aviation, the [[Royal Canadian Air Force]]. These forces were organized under the [[Department of Militia and Defence (Canada)|Department of Militia and Defence]], and split into the [[Permanent Active Militia|Permanent]] and [[Non-Permanent Active Militia]]s{{mdash}}frequently shortened to simply ''[[Canadian militia|The Militia]].'' By 1923, the department was merged into the [[Department of National Defence (Canada)|Department of National Defence]].

[[File:Canadian tank and soldiers Vimy 1917.jpg|thumb|Soldiers of the [[2nd Canadian Division]] behind a [[Mark II tank|Mark II]] [[female tank]] during the [[Battle of Vimy Ridge]]]]
The first significant overseas deployment of Canadian military forces occurred during the [[Second Boer War]] when several units were raised to serve under British command. Similarly, when the United Kingdom entered into conflict with Germany in the [[First World War]], Canadian troops were called to participate in European theatres. Battles that are particularly notable to the Canadian military include the [[Second Battle of Ypres]], the [[Battle of the Somme]], the [[Battle of Vimy Ridge]], the [[Second Battle of Passchendaele]], as well as a [[Canada's Hundred Days|series of attacks undertaken]] by the [[Canadian Corps]] during the [[Hundred Days Offensive]].

During this period, a distinctly Canadian army and navy were established, followed by an air force, that, because of the constitutional arrangements at the time, remained effectively under the control of the [[{{ucfirst:{{Canadian monarch, current|genderp=~}}}} Majesty's Government|British government]] until Canada gained [[Statute of Westminster 1931|legislative independence]] from the United Kingdom in 1931, in part due to the distinguished achievement and sacrifice of the Canadian Corps in the First World War.<ref>{{cite news |last=Nersessian |first=Mary |title=Vimy battle marks birth of Canadian nationalism |publisher=CTV |date=9 April 2007 |url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20070402/vimy_90years_070402 |access-date=20 January 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215182932/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20070402/vimy_90years_070402 |archive-date=15 February 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| last=Cook| first=Tim| publication-date=2008| title=Shock troops: Canadians fighting the Great War, 1917–1918| location=Toronto| publisher=Viking| isbn=978-0-670-06735-0| year=2008}}</ref> In November 1940, the Canadian militia was formally renamed the Canadian Army. However, in the 1950s, Reserve Army forces were once again referred to in official documentation as "Militia", which, although rare, is still used to refer to part-time members.

Canadian Forces entered the [[Second World War]] in September 1939, after the [[Monarchy of Canada|Canadian Crown-in-Council]] declared war on [[Nazi Germany]]. Battles and campaigns during the Second World War that was particularly notable to the Canadian military include the [[Battle of the Atlantic]], the [[Battle of Britain]], the [[Battle of Hong Kong]], the [[Dieppe Raid]], the [[Allied invasion of Sicily|invasion of Sicily]] and [[Allied invasion of Italy|Italy]], [[Operation Overlord]], the [[Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine|Siegfried Line Campaign]], [[Operation Veritable]], as well as the [[Strategic bombing during World War II|strategic bombing of German cities]].

[[File:RCAF Typhoon Holland 1944 IWM CL 1598.jpg|thumb|Two armourers of [[440 Transport Squadron|No. 440 Squadron RCAF]], re-arming a [[Hawker Typhoon]]. By the end of the [[Second World War]], Canada possessed the fourth-largest air force in the world.]]
[[Conscription]] for overseas service was [[Conscription Crisis of 1944|introduced only near the end of the war]], and only 2,400 conscripts made it into battle.
At the end of the Second World War, Canada possessed the fourth-largest air force and fifth-largest naval surface fleet in the world.<ref>World War – Willmott, H.P. et al.; Dorling Kindersley Limited, London, 2004, Page 168</ref> At one point, Canada was thought to have the third-largest navy in the world, but with the fall of the [[Soviet Union]], new data based on Japanese and Soviet sources found that to be incorrect.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Rob |last=Stuart |title=Was the RCN ever the Third Largest Navy? |journal=Canadian Naval Review |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=4–9 |date=Fall 2009 |url=https://www.navalreview.ca/wp-content/uploads/CNR_pdf_full/cnr_vol5_3.pdf |access-date=12 November 2019}}</ref>

Since 1947, Canadian military units have participated in more than 200 military operations in the world, and [[List of Canadian military operations|completed 72 international operations]]. Canadian soldiers, sailors, and aviators are considered world-class professionals through conspicuous service during these conflicts and the country's integral participation in [[NATO]] during the [[Korean War]], [[Gulf War|First Gulf War]], [[Kosovo War]], and in United Nations [[Peacekeeping]] operations, such as the [[Suez Crisis]], [[Golan Heights]], Cyprus, Croatia, Bosnia, Afghanistan, and Libya.

Canada operated an aircraft carrier from 1957 to 1970 during the Cold War. It never engaged in combat but participated in patrols during the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]].

===Since unification===
{{See also|Unification of the Canadian Armed Forces|Structure of the Canadian Armed Forces in 1989}}
The current iteration of the Canadian Armed Forces dates from 1 February 1968,<ref name=ML>{{Cite journal| last=Gilmour| first=Sarah| title=Navy celebrates 96 years| journal=The Maple Leaf| volume=9| page=10| date=17 May 2006| url=http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/community/MapleLeaf/vol_9/vol9_19/919_10.pdf| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206081112/http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/community/MapleLeaf/vol_9/vol9_19/919_10.pdf| archive-date=6 February 2009}}</ref> when the [[Royal Canadian Navy]], [[Canadian Army]], and [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] were merged into a unified structure and superseded by elemental commands, known as Air Command, Land Force, and Maritime Command. On 16 August 2011, the names for the three elemental commands were reverted to their historical predecessor, although the unified structure of the Canadian Armed Forces was maintained.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-14546579 |work=BBC News |title=Canadian armed forces to be 'royal' once again |date=16 August 2011 |access-date=20 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/N-5/page-3.html#h-12 |title=National Defence Act |publisher=Government of Canada|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref>

[[File:GuardKandahar.jpg|thumb|Soldiers from the [[Canadian Grenadier Guards]] in [[Afghanistan]]. The Canadian Forces were in Afghanistan as a part of the [[NATO]]-led United Nations [[International Security Assistance Force]] until 2011.]]
Deployment of Land Forces during this period has included NATO efforts in Europe, peacekeeping operations within United Nations-sanctioned conflicts and combat missions. The Canadian Forces deployed in Afghanistan until 2011, under the NATO-led United Nations [[International Security Assistance Force]] (ISAF), at the request of the Government of Afghanistan.

The Forces have also deployed domestically to provide aid during emergencies and natural disasters. Over 8,500 military personnel were sent to Manitoba after the [[1997 Red River flood]] to help with evacuation, building dikes, and other flood-fighting efforts.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/environment/extreme-weather/red-river-rising-manitoba-floods/canadian-military-to-the-rescue.html|access-date=2 August 2012|title=Canadian military rush to Manitoba flood zone|publisher=CBC}}</ref> The operation was considered a "public relations bonanza" for the military.<ref>{{cite book|title=Canada through the Decades: the 1990s|author=Lauri Seidlitz|publisher=[[Weigl Educational Publishers Limited]]|year=2000|isbn=978-1-896990-38-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/1990s0000seid/page/8 8]|url=https://archive.org/details/1990s0000seid/page/8}}</ref><ref name="B.)Head2009"/><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Winnipeg Free Press|title=Thank-you!|first1=Kevin|last1=Rolleson|first2=Catherine |last2=Mitchell|page=A1|date=14 May 1997}}</ref> The Forces were also deployed after the [[North American ice storm of 1998]], with relief efforts beginning on 8 January, after the provinces of New Brunswick, Ontario, and Quebec requested aid.<ref name="Draper2011">{{cite book|author=Penny Draper|title=Ice Storm|url=https://archive.org/details/icestorm0000drap/page/192|year=2011|publisher=Coteau Books|isbn=978-1-55050-451-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/icestorm0000drap/page/192 192]}}</ref> Over 16,000 troops were deployed, making it the largest deployment of troops ever to serve on Canadian soil in response to a [[natural disaster]],<ref name="B.)Head2009">{{cite book|author1=Michael Head|author2=Scott Mann|title=Domestic deployment of the armed forces: military powers, law and human rights|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OcaQ341m4PEC&pg=PA72|year=2009|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|isbn=978-0-7546-7346-0|page=72}}</ref> and the largest operational deployment of Canadian military personnel since the [[Korean War]].<ref name="Miskel2008">{{cite book|author=James F. Miskel|title=Disaster Response and Homeland Security: What Works, What Doesn't|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yISaAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA39|year=2008|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-8047-5972-4|page=39}}</ref> The Forces were also deployed to British Columbia from 3 August to 16 September 2003, as a part of [[Operation Peregrine]]. The operation was conducted after the province was overwhelmed by 800 separate forest fires, and the provincial government requested federal aid. Over 2,200 soldiers were mobilized, and at its height, more than 2,600 military personnel participated in the 45-day operation.<ref name=Peregrine>{{cite web|url=http://www.army.gc.ca/lfwa/Op_Peregrine-eng.asp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130101015133/http://www.army.gc.ca/lfwa/Op_Peregrine-eng.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 January 2013 |title=Operation Peregrine: Canadian Forces Personnel Fighting B.C. Forest Fires |year=2009 |publisher=Land Force Western Area |access-date=19 February 2011 }}</ref>

====Early 2000s modernization efforts====
The Constitution of Canada gives the federal government exclusive responsibility for national defence, and expenditures are thus outlined in the [[Canadian federal budget|federal budget]]. For the 2007–2010 [[fiscal year]], the amount allocated for defence spending was [[Canadian dollar|CA$]]6.15 billion which is 1.4 percent of the country's GDP.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dspace.dsto.defence.gov.au/dspace/bitstream/1947/9994/1/DSTO-TN-0888%20PR.pdf|title=Science and Technology Support for National Security: An International Review|publisher=Defence Science and Technology Organisation|year=2007|access-date=25 January 2012|archive-date=29 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229015139/http://dspace.dsto.defence.gov.au/dspace/bitstream/1947/9994/1/DSTO-TN-0888%20PR.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/rpp/2008-2009/inst/dnd/images/sec1f-table1-lg-eng.jpg| last=Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat| author-link=Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat| title=Departmental Planned Spending and Full-Time Equivalents| publisher=Queen's Printer| access-date= 2 February 2008}}</ref> This regular funding was augmented in 2005 with an additional CA$12.5 billion over five years, as well as a commitment to increasing regular force troop levels by 5,000 persons, and the primary reserve by 4,500 over the same period.<ref>{{Cite book| last=Department of Finance| author-link=Department of Finance Canada| date=2005| title=The Budget Speech 2005| series=Canada in the World| publisher=Queen's Printer| page=20| url=http://www.fin.gc.ca/budget05/pdf/speeche.pdf| access-date=2 February 2009| archive-date=6 February 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206081111/http://www.fin.gc.ca/budget05/pdf/speeche.pdf| url-status=dead}}</ref> It was further augmented in 2010, with another CA$5.3 billion over five years being provided to allow for 13,000 more regular force members, and 10,000 more primary reserve personnel, as well as {{CAD|17.1 billion}} for the purchase of new trucks for the Canadian Army, transport aircraft and helicopters for the Royal Canadian Air Force, and [[Joint Support Ship Project|joint support ships]] for the Royal Canadian Navy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/news-nouvelles/news-nouvelles-eng.asp?cat=00&?cat=00&id=2647 |last=Department of National Defence |title='Canada First' National Defence Procurement |publisher=Queen's Printer |access-date=2 February 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010051106/http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/news-nouvelles/news-nouvelles-eng.asp?cat=00&%3Fcat=00&id=2647 |archive-date=10 October 2011 }}</ref>

[[File:HMCS Harry Dewolf under construction May 2018.jpg|thumb|Construction of a {{sclass|Harry DeWolf|offshore patrol vessel|1}} at [[Halifax Shipyard]] in 2018. The ship emerged from the Arctic Patrol Ship project.]]
In 2008, the Government of Canada began efforts, through the "[[Canada First Defence Strategy]]", to modernize the Forces, through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the [[Canadian Special Operations Regiment]]. More funds were also put towards recruitment, which had been dwindling throughout the 1980s and 1990s, possibly because the Canadian populace had come to perceive the Forces as peacekeepers rather than as soldiers, as shown in a 2008 survey conducted by the Department of National Defence. The poll found that nearly two-thirds of Canadians agreed with [[Canada's role in the invasion of Afghanistan|the country's participation in the invasion of Afghanistan]], and that the military should be stronger, but also that the purpose of the forces should be different, such as more focused on responding to [[natural disaster]]s.<ref>{{cite news| agency=The Canadian Press| title=Canadians still view troops as peacekeepers: DND poll| publisher=CTV| date=5 September 2005| url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/canadians-still-view-troops-as-peacekeepers-dnd-poll-1.322123| access-date=5 September 2008| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906120922/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20080905/dnd_poll_080905/20080905?hub=TopStories| archive-date=6 September 2008}}</ref> Then Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) [[Walter Natynczyk]] said later that year that, while recruiting has become more successful, the Forces was facing a problem with its rate of loss of existing members, which increased between 2006 and 2008 from 6% to 9.2% annually.<ref>{{cite news| agency=The Canadian Press| title=Military as message for job seekers: we want you| publisher=CTV| date=21 November 2008| url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/military-has-message-for-job-seekers-we-want-you-1.344885| archive-url=https://archive.today/20120801104139/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20081121/forces_canada_081121/20081121?hub=Canada| url-status=dead| archive-date=1 August 2012| access-date=22 November 2008}}</ref>

Renewal and re-equipment efforts have resulted in the acquisition of specific equipment (main battle tanks, artillery, unmanned air vehicles and other systems) to support the mission in Afghanistan. It has also encompassed initiatives to renew certain so-called "core capabilities" (such as the air force's medium-range transport aircraft fleet—the [[C-130 Hercules]]—and the army's truck and armoured vehicle fleets). In addition, new systems (such as [[C-17 Globemaster III]] strategic transport aircraft and [[CH-47 Chinook]] heavy-lift helicopters) have also been acquired for the Forces.<ref name="forces.gc.ca">Department of National Defence {{cite web|title=Canada First Defence Strategy | National Defence and the Canadian Forces|url=http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/focus/first-premier/defstra/summary-sommaire-eng.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090407091422/http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/focus/first-premier/defstra/summary-sommaire-eng.asp|archive-date=7 April 2009|access-date=6 January 2010}}</ref>

===Peacekeeping===
{{main|Canadian peacekeeping}}

{{Excerpt|Canadian peacekeeping|hat=no|paragraph=1,2,3}}

===Role of women===
In the 1950s, the recruitment of women was open to roles in medicine, communication, logistics, and administration. The roles of women in the CAF began to expand in 1971 after the department reviewed the recommendations of the [[Royal Commission on the Status of Women]], at which time it lifted the ceiling of 1,500 women personnel, and gradually expanded employment opportunities into the non-traditional areas—vehicle drivers and mechanics, aircraft mechanics, air-traffic controllers, military police, and firefighters.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 August 2019|title=Canada Remembers Women in the Canadian Military - Women and War - Remembering those who served - Remembrance|url=https://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/those-who-served/women-veterans/military|access-date=20 September 2021|website=Veterans Affairs Canada}}</ref>

[[File:Canadian Forces brief Vermont Army National Guard on women in combat roles 150912-Z-QI027-0003.jpg|upright|thumb|A member of the CAF briefs [[Vermont Army National Guard]] soldiers on the integration of women into the forces]]
The department further reviewed personnel policies in 1978 and 1985, after Parliament passed the ''[[Canadian Human Rights Act]]'' and the ''[[Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms]]''. As a result of these reviews, the department changed its policies to permit women to serve at sea in replenishment ships and a diving tender, with the army service battalions, in military police platoons and field ambulance units, and most air squadrons.<ref name=cfw/>

In 1987, occupations and units with the primary role of preparing for direct involvement in combat on the ground or at sea were still closed to women: infantry, armoured corps, field artillery, air defence artillery, signals, field engineers, and naval operations. On 5 February 1987, the minister of national defence created an office to study the impact of employing men and women in combat units. These trials were called Combat-Related Employment of Women.<ref name=cfw/>

All military occupations were open to women in 1989, except submarine service, which opened in 2000. Throughout the 1990s, the introduction of women into the combat arms increased the potential recruiting pool by about 100 percent.<ref name=cfw>{{Cite web|url=http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/news/article.page?doc=women-in-the-canadian-armed-forces/hie8w7rm|title=Backgrounder | Women in the Canadian Armed Forces|website= National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces |date=14 August 2018 |access-date = 9 March 2020 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111213932/http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/news/article.page?doc=women-in-the-canadian-armed-forces/hie8w7rm |archive-date= 11 November 2020 }}</ref> Women were fully integrated into all occupations and roles by the government of [[Jean Chrétien]], and by 8 March 2000, even allowed to serve on submarines.<ref name=cfw/>

All equipment must be suitable for a mixed-gender force. Combat helmets, rucksacks, combat boots, and flak jackets are designed to ensure women have the same level of protection and comfort as their male colleagues. Women's uniforms are similar in design to men's uniforms, but conform to the female figure, and are functional and practical. Women are also provided with an annual financial entitlement for the purchase of bras.<ref name=cfw/>

In 2019, the ''[[National Post]]'' columnist [[Christie Blatchford]] reported, per an anonymous source, that the CAF had been fulfilling employment equity targets for internal job postings by secretly rejecting applications from white males, and by not requiring Indigenous candidates to either write or pass, the Canadian Forces Aptitude Test. However, Brigadier-General Virginia Tattersall (commander of military forces generation, including the Canadian Forces Recruiting Group [CFRG]) said, "There are no occupations that we restrict based on gender", though "diversity is a consideration" and near the end of the recruiting year, "We will look at diversity applicants first."<ref>{{cite news | last = Blatchford | first = Christie |author-link=Christie Blatchford | date = 22 April 2019 | title = The Canadian Forces Jobs Where Only Women Need Apply | url = https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/the-canadian-forces-jobs-where-only-women-need-apply | work = National Post}}</ref>

In March 2021, Lieutenant-Colonel Eleanor Taylor resigned citing sexual misconduct among the top brass.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/17/canada-eleanor-taylor-quits-military-sexual-misconduct-allegations Canada: top female soldier quits over military's failures on sexual misconduct] The Guardian, 2021</ref> Since then, the CAF has been under pressure over allegations of sexual misconduct. Former justice [[Louise Arbour]], who was tasked to lead a probe into military harassment and sexual misconduct claims in CAF in 2021, issued 48 recommendations to change the culture of the CAF. She said that she saw no basis for the CAF to retain the jurisdiction over sexual offences as it has not improved efficiency, discipline and morale.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shakil |first=Ismail |date=30 May 2022 |title=Sex crime allegations in Canadian military should be investigated externally, report says |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/sex-crime-allegations-canadian-military-should-be-investigated-externally-report-2022-05-30/ |access-date=31 May 2022}}</ref>

== Structure ==
The [[Monarchy of Canada and the Canadian Armed Forces|Crown has long occupied a central position in the Canadian Armed Forces]]. The ''National Defence Act'' states that "the Canadian Forces are the armed forces of Her Majesty raised by Canada, consisting of one service called the Canadian Armed Forces"<ref name=Elizabeth>{{cite book|author=Elizabeth II |author-link=Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom |date=12 December 2008 |title=National Defence Act |series=II.14 |publisher=Queen's Printer |url=http://www.canlii.org/en/ca/laws/stat/rsc-1985-c-n-5/latest/rsc-1985-c-n-5.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091130104437/http://www.canlii.org/en/ca/laws/stat/rsc-1985-c-n-5/latest/rsc-1985-c-n-5.html |archive-date=30 November 2009 }}</ref> and the ''[[Constitution Act, 1867]]'', vests [[Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces|command-in-chief of the Forces]] in the [[Monarchy of Canada|country's sovereign]],<ref name=BNA/> who, since 1904, has authorized his or her [[viceroy]], the [[Governor General of Canada|governor general]], to exercise the duties ascribed to the post of commander-in-chief and, since 1905, hold the associated title.<ref>{{Cite web|title=1947 - 1952 The Assignment of Sovereign Powers|url=https://www.gg.ca/en/governors-general-representing-canada-home-and-abroad|website=Office of the Governor General of Canada|date=20 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Commander-in-Chief|url=https://www.gg.ca/en/role/responsibilities/commander-chief|website=The Governor General of Canada |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124231602/https://www.gg.ca/en/role/responsibilities/commander-chief |archive-date= 24 January 2021 }}</ref> All troop deployment and disposition orders, including [[Declaration of war by Canada|declarations of war]], fall within the [[royal prerogative]]. They previously were issued as [[Order-in-Council|orders-in-Council]], which must be signed by either the monarch or governor general, but since 1992 deployments have been authorised by the cabinet (until 2003) or by a letter of the prime minister.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Braden |first=Alexander J |date=2021-05-26 |title=Decision Instruments of the Federal Cabinet: Legally Exercising the "War Prerogative" |url=https://www.journalofcommonwealthlaw.org/article/24255-decision-instruments-of-the-federal-cabinet-legally-exercising-the-war-prerogative |journal=Journal of Commonwealth Law |language=en |volume=3 |pages=157–217}}</ref> Under the [[Westminster system]]'s parliamentary customs and practices, however, the monarch and viceroy must generally follow the [[Advice (constitutional)|advice]] of his or her [[Minister of the Crown|ministers]] in [[Cabinet of Canada|Cabinet]], including the [[Prime Minister of Canada|prime minister]] and minister of national defence, who are accountable to the elected [[House of Commons of Canada|House of Commons]].

[[File:NDHQ.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Armed Forces Council (Canada)|Armed Forces Council]] is the senior military body of the Canadian Forces. The Council typically operates from [[Major-General George R. Pearkes Building|Pearkes building]] in [[Ottawa]].]]
The Canadian Forces' 92,600 personnel are divided into [[Canadian Armed Forces ranks and insignia|a hierarchy of numerous ranks]] of [[Officer's commission|officers]] and [[non-commissioned member]]s. The governor general appoints, on the advice of the prime minister, the chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) as the highest-ranking [[Officer's commission|commissioned officer]] in the Armed Forces and its commander. In this role, the CDS heads the [[Armed Forces Council (Canada)|Armed Forces Council]], which also includes the vice chief of the Defence Staff and the commanders of the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, Royal Canadian Air Force, [[Canadian Joint Operations Command]], [[Canadian Special Operations Forces Command]], as well as certain other designated personnel. The Armed Forces Council generally operates from [[National Defence Headquarters]] (NDHQ) in [[Ottawa]], Ontario. The sovereign and most other members of the [[Monarchy of Canada#Canada's royal family and house|Canadian Royal Family]] also act as [[Colonel-in-Chief|colonels-in-chief]], honorary [[Air Commodore|air commodores]], [[air commodores-in-chief]], admirals, and captains-general of Canadian Forces units, though these positions are ceremonial.

The Canadian Forces operate out of 27 [[Canadian Forces base]]s (CFB) across the country, including NDHQ. This number has been gradually reduced since the 1970s with bases either being closed or merged. Both officers and non-commissioned members receive their basic training at the [[Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School]] in [[Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu]]. Officers will generally either directly enter the Canadian Armed Forces with a degree from a civilian university or receive their commission upon graduation from the [[Royal Military College of Canada]]. Specific element and trade training is conducted at a variety of institutions throughout Canada, and to a lesser extent, the world.

As of 2013, the Canadian Forces have 68,000 Regular Force members and 27,000 [[Military reserve|reservists]], bringing the total force to approximately 95,000.<ref name="ND CAF FAQ 12">{{cite web|url=http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/about/faq.page|title=Frequently Asked Questions 12|website=Department of National Defence|date=21 June 2013|language=en|access-date=22 December 2018|archive-date=7 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107055549/http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/about/faq.page|url-status=dead}}</ref> These individuals serve on numerous [[Canadian Forces base]]s in all regions of the country and are governed by the ''[[Queen's Regulations and Orders for the Canadian Forces|Queen's Regulations and Orders]]'' and the ''National Defence Act''.

=== Canadian Army ===
The [[Canadian Army]] is the land component of the Canadian Armed Forces, organized into '''five geographic divisions''' that command brigade groups and their subordinate combat and support units, enabling the generation and deployment of land forces for domestic and international operations.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Region
!Units
!Headquarters
|-
|[[2nd Canadian Division]]
|[[Quebec]]
|[[5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group|5 CMBG]], [[34 Canadian Brigade Group|34 CBG]], [[35 Canadian Brigade Group|35 CBG]],
|[[CFB Montreal|2 CDSB Valcartier, Detachment Montreal]]
|-
|[[3rd Canadian Division]]
|[[Western Canada]]
|[[1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group|1 CMBG]], [[38 Canadian Brigade Group|38 CBG]], [[39 Canadian Brigade Group|39 CBG]], [[41 Canadian Brigade Group|41 CBG]],
|[[CFB Edmonton|3 CDSB Edmonton]]
|-
|[[4th Canadian Division]]
|[[Ontario]]
|[[2 CMBG]], [[31 Canadian Brigade Group|31 CBG]], [[32 Canadian Brigade Group|32 CBG]], [[33 Canadian Brigade Group|33 CBG]],
|[[Denison Armoury]]
|-
|[[5th Canadian Division]]
|[[Atlantic Canada]]
|[[6 Canadian Combat Support Brigade|6 CCSB]], [[36 Canadian Brigade Group|36 CBG]], [[37 Canadian Brigade Group|37 CBG]]
|[[CFB Halifax]]
|-
|[[Canadian Army Doctrine and Training Centre]]
|
|
|[[CFB Kingston]]
|}

=== Royal Canadian Navy ===
The [[Royal Canadian Navy]] is the maritime component of the Canadian Armed Forces, organized into two operational fleets, Atlantic and Pacific supported by naval aviation, training, and shore-based establishments, and responsible for generating and deploying naval forces for domestic and international operations.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Region
!Units
!Headquarters
|-
|[[Naval Staff Headquarters (Canada)|Naval Staff Headquarters]]
|
|
|[[NDHQ Carling]]
|-
|[[Maritime Forces Pacific]] (MARPAC)
|[[Pacific Ocean]]
|
|[[CFB Esquimalt]]
|-
|[[Maritime Forces Atlantic]] (MARANT)
|[[Atlantic Ocean]]
|
|[[CFB Halifax]]
|-
|[[Naval Reserve (Canada)|Naval Reserve Headquarters]]
|[[Canada]]
|
|[[Quebec City]]
|}

=== Royal Canadian Air Force ===
The [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] is the air and space component of the Canadian Armed Forces, organized into '''numbered air divisions and wings''' that command flying squadrons and support units, enabling the generation and employment of air power for domestic and international operations.

==== 1 Canadian Air Division (CAD) ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Mission
!Units
!Headquarters
|-
|[[CFB Kingston|1 Wing Kingston]]
|Integrated tactical aviation support
|[[400 Tactical Helicopter Squadron|400 THS]], [[403 Helicopter Operational Training Squadron|403 HOTS]], [[408 Tactical Helicopter Squadron|408 THS]], [[430 Tactical Helicopter Squadron|430]] [[408 Tactical Helicopter Squadron|THS]], [[438 Tactical Helicopter Squadron|438]] [[408 Tactical Helicopter Squadron|THS]], [[450 Tactical Helicopter Squadron|450]] [[408 Tactical Helicopter Squadron|THS]]
|[[CFB Kingston]]
|-
|[[2 Wing Bagotville]]
|RCAF’s air expeditionary wing
|2 MSS, 2 AETS, 2 OSS, 4 CES, 8 ACCS, 2 ASOS, 14 CES
|[[CFB Bagotville]]
|-
|[[CFB Bagotville|3 Wing Bagotville]]
|General purpose, multi-role, combat capable forces
|[[425 Tactical Fighter Squadron|425 TFS]], [[433 Tactical Fighter Squadron|433 TFS]], [[439 Combat Support Squadron|439 CSS]], 12 RS, 3 AMS, 3 Wing ARF, FOL Iqaluit
|[[CFB Bagotville]]
|-
|[[4 Wing Cold Lake]]
|General purpose, multi-role, combat capable forces
|[[401 Tactical Fighter Squadron|401 TFS]], [[409 Tactical Fighter Squadron|409 TFS]], [[417 Combat Support Squadron|417 CSS]], [[410 Tactical Fighter Operational Training Squadron|410 TFOTS]], [[419 Tactical Fighter Training Squadron|419 TFTS]], [[42 Radar Squadron|42 RS]], 10 FTTS, 1 AMS, 4 Wing ARF, FOL Inuvik, FOL Yellowknife
|[[CFB Cold Lake]]
|-
|[[5 Wing Goose Bay]]
|NORAD operations, power projection
|[[444 Combat Support Squadron|444 CSS]], 5 Wing ARF, FOL Goose Bay
|[[CFB Goose Bay]]
|-
|[[8 Wing|8 Wing Trenton]]
|Aerial refueling, tactical and strategic airlift, search and rescue, VIP transportation
|[[CFS Alert]], [[426 Transport Training Squadron|426 TTS]], [[424 Transport and Rescue Squadron|424 TRS]], [[429 Transport Squadron|429 TS]], [[436 Transport Squadron|436 TS]], [[437 Transport Squadron|437 TS]], [[412 Transport Squadron|412 TS]], [[440 Transport Squadron|440 TS]], 8 AMS, 8 Wing ARF,
|[[CFB Trenton]]
|-
|[[9 Wing Gander]]
|Search and rescue
|[[103 Search and Rescue Squadron|103 SRS]], 9 Wing ARF
|[[CFB Gander]]
|-
|[[12 Wing Shearwater]]
|Naval aviation
|[[406 Maritime Operational Training Squadron]], [[423 Maritime Helicopter Squadron]], [[443 Maritime Helicopter Squadron]]
|[[CFB Halifax]]
|-
|[[CFB Greenwood|14 Wing Greenwood]]
|Long range patrol, search and rescue
|[[404 Long Range Patrol and Training Squadron|404 LRPTS]], [[415 Long Range Patrol Force Development Squadron|415 LRPFDS]], [[405 Long Range Patrol Squadron|405 LRPS]], [[413 Transport and Rescue Squadron|413 TRS]], 14 AMS, 14 Wing ARF, 91 CEF, 143 CEF, 144 CEF
|[[CFB Greenwood]]
|-
|[[19 Wing Comox]]
|Long range patrol, search and rescue
|CFSSAR, [[418 Search and Rescue Operational Training Squadron|418 SROTS]], [[435 Transport and Rescue Squadron|435 TRS]], [[442 Transport and Rescue Squadron|442 TRS]], [[407 Long Range Patrol Squadron|407 LRPS]], 19 AMS, 19 Wing ARF, 192 CEF
|[[CFB Comox]]
|-
|[[22 Wing North Bay]]
|Surveillance, identification, control and warning
|[[21 Aerospace Control and Warning Squadron|21 ACWS]], [[51 Aerospace Control and Warning Operational Training Squadron|51 ACWOTS]], [[First Air Force|Det 2]], [[First Air Force|1st AF]] ([[United States Air Force|USAF]]), 22 Wing ARF
|[[CFB North Bay]]
|}

==== 2 Canadian Air Division (2 CAD) ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Mission
!Units
!Headquarters
|-
|[[CFB Moose Jaw|15 Wing Moose Jaw]]
|Aircrew training
|[[2 CFFTS]], [[3 Canadian Forces Flying Training School|3 CFFTS]], 15 ATC Sqn, [[Snowbirds (aerobatic team)|431 ADS]]
|[[CFB Moose Jaw]]
|-
|[[16 Wing Borden]]
|Technical training, aerospace control and professional development.
|[[Royal Canadian Air Force Academy|RCAF Academy]], [[Canadian Forces School of Aerospace Technology and Engineering|CFSATE]], CFSACO, 16 Wing ARF
|[[CFB Borden]]
|-
|[[17 Wing Winnipeg]]
|Specialized education
|[[402 Squadron|402 Sqn]], [[Royal Canadian Air Force Band|RCAF Band]], RCAFWCWGB Aerospace College, CFSSAT
|[[CFB Winnipeg]]
|}

==== 3 Canadian Space Division (3 CSD) ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Mission
!Units
!Headquarters
|-
|[[7 Wing (Space)]]
|Space operations
|7 SOS, 7 OSS
|[[Ottawa, ON]]
|}

==== Royal Canadian Air Force Aerospace Warfare Centre (RCAF AWC) ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Mission
!Units
!Headquarters
|-
|[[414 Electronic Warfare Support Squadron]]
|[[Electronic warfare]]
|
|[[CFB Trenton]]
|-
|[[434 Operational Test and Evaluation Squadron]]
|Test and evaluation
|
|[[CFB Trenton]]
|-
|[[Air and Space Power Development Centre (Canada)|Air and Space Power Development Centre]]
|Development
|
|[[CFB Trenton]]
|-
|[[Centre for Operational Research and Analysis (Canada)|Centre for Operational Research and Analysis]]
|Research
|
|[[CFB Trenton]]
|-
|[[RCAF History and Heritage]]
|History and Heritage
|
|[[CFB Trenton]]
|}

=== Canadian Special Operations Forces Command ===
[[Canadian Special Operations Forces Command|Canadian Special Operations Forces Command (CANSOFCOM)]] is a unified operational command of the Canadian Armed Forces that oversees Canada’s special operations capabilities.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Mission
|-
|[[Joint Task Force 2]]
|[[Counter Terrorism]]
|-
|[[Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit]]
|[[CBRN defense]]
|-
|[[Canadian Special Operations Regiment]]
|[[Special forces]]
|-
|[[427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron]]
|Special forces
|-
|[[Canadian Special Operations Training Centre]]
|Training
|}

=== Canadian Forces Intelligence Command ===
[[Canadian Forces Intelligence Command|Canadian Forces Intelligence Command (CFINTCOM)]] provides credible, timely and integrated defence intelligence capabilities, products and services to support Canada’s national security objectives.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Mission
!Headquarters
|-
|[[Canadian Forces Joint Imagery Centre]]
|Imagery intelligence
|
|-
|[[Canadian Forces National Counter-Intelligence Unit]]
|[[Counterintelligence]]
|
|-
|[[Joint Meteorological Centre (Canada)]]
|Weather-related information
|
|-
|[[Mapping and Charting Establishment (Canada)]]
|Geospatial information and geomatics.
|
|-
|[[Joint Task Force X]]
|Human intelligence
|
|}

=== Canadian Joint Operations Command ===
[[Canadian Joint Operations Command|Canadian Joint Operations Command (CJOC)]] leads most Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) operations in Canada, North America, and around the world.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Region
!Command
!Headquarters
|-
|[[Joint Task Force (North)]]
|[[Northern Canada]]
|Comd JTF(N)
|[[Canadian Forces Northern Area Headquarters Yellowknife|CFNA HQ Yellowknife]]
|-
|[[Joint Task Force (Pacific)]]
|[[British Columbia]]
|Comd [[MARPAC]]
|[[CFB Esquimalt]]
|-
|[[Joint Task Force (West)]]
|[[Canadian Prairies]]
|Comd [[3rd Canadian Division|3rd Can Div]]
|[[CFB Edmonton|3 CDSB Edmonton]]
|-
|[[Joint Task Force (Central)]]
|[[Ontario]]
|Comd [[4th Canadian Division|4th Can Div]]
|[[Denison Armoury]]
|-
|[[Joint Task Force (East)]]
|[[Quebec]]
|Comd [[2nd Canadian Division|2nd Can Div]]
|[[CFB Montreal|2 CDSB Valcartier, Detachment Montreal]]
|-
|[[Joint Task Force (Atlantic)]]
|[[Atlantic Canada]]
|Comd [[Maritime Forces Atlantic|MARANT]]
|[[CFB Halifax]]
|-
|[[Canadian Joint Warfare Centre]]
|[[Canada]]
|Comd CJWC
|[[NDHQ Carling]]
|-
|[[1st Canadian Division]]
|Expeditionary
|Comd 1st Can Div
|[[CFB Kingston]]
|}

=== Military Personnel Command ===
[[Military Personnel Command|Military Personnel Command (MILPERSCOM)]] provides functional direction and guidance to the Canadian Armed Forces on all matters pertaining to the management of military personnel.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Mission
!Units
!Headquarters
|-
|[[Canadian Defence Academy]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Canadian Forces Health Services Group]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Canadian Forces Recruiting Group]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Canadian Armed Forces Transition Group]]
|
|
|
|}

=== Vice Chief of the Defence Staff ===
The [[Vice Chief of the Defence Staff (Canada)]] ensures that Department of National Defence policy and strategic objectives are achieved. We govern the National Defence headquarters, and all HQ activities
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Mission
!Units
!Headquarters
|-
|[[Canadian Forces Military Police|Canadian Forces Military Police Group]]
|
|[[Naval Military Police Group|N MP Gp]], [[Canadian Army Military Police Group|CA MP Gp]], [[Air Force Military Police Group|AF MP Gp]], [[Special Operations Forces Military Police Unit|SOF MPU]], [[Canadian Forces Protective Services Unit|CFPSU]], [[Canadian Forces National Investigation Service|CFNIS]],
|
|-
|[[Canadian Forces Support Unit (Ottawa)]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Canadian Cadet Organizations|Cadets and Junior Canadian Rangers]]
|
|
|
|}

==Canadian Armed Forces Reserve Force==
[[File:Canadian Rangers - Alert, Nunavut.jpg|thumb|A [[Canadian Rangers]] training camp in [[Alert, Nunavut]]. The Canadian Rangers are a sub-component of the Canadian Armed Forces reserve force.]]
The Canadian Armed Forces {{as of|2025|lc=on}} have a total reserve force of approximately 50,000 primary and supplementary that can be called upon in times of national emergency or threat. On 30 May 2025, Chief of the Defence Staff General Jennie Carignan and defence deputy minister Stefanie Beck signed a directive which outlined the plan to increase the reserve size from 28,000 to 400,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ottawacitizen.com/public-service/defence-watch/canadian-military-wants-mobilization-plan-in-place-to-boost-reserves-to-400000-personnel|title=Canadian military wants mobilization plan in place to boost reserves to 400,000 personnel|date=31 October 2025|access-date=2 November 2025|website=[[Ottawa Citizen]]}}</ref> Under this plan, 100,000 soldiers will be placed under the Primary Reserve while 300,000 soldiers will be placed under the Supplementary Reserve.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://winnipegsun.com/news/canadian-military-leaders-warn-of-future-conflict-push-for-massive-expansion|title=Canadian Military leaders warn of future conflict, push for massive expansion|date=31 October 2025|access-date=2 November 2025|website=The Winnipeg Sun}}</ref>

For the current components and sub-components of the Canadian Armed Forces Reserve Force, the order of precedence follows:
{{ordered list
| [[Primary Reserve]] (26,000),
| [[Canadian Forces Supplementary Reserve|Supplementary Reserve]] (11,000) Prior to 2002 this consisted of:
{{ordered list|type=lower-alpha
| Supplementary Ready Reserve, and
| Supplementary Holding Reserve,
}}
after 2002 there is no sub-division of the Supplementary Reserve.
| Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service (7,500), and
| Canadian Rangers (5,000).<ref>{{cite web| url=http://my.tbaytel.net/tgroulx/precedence.htm| last=Department of National Defence| author-link=Department of National Defence (Canada)| title=National Defence and the Canadian Forces > CFOA 66-6 Precedence in the Canadian Forces| date=15 February 2012| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| access-date=15 February 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207021151/http://my.tbaytel.net/tgroulx/precedence.htm| archive-date=7 February 2012| url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}

===Primary Reserve===
{{Main|Primary Reserve}}

[[File:Cameron Highlanders On Parade - 11 September 2004.jpg|thumb|Members of the [[Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa]], an [[infantry regiment]] of the [[Primary Reserve]], march through [[Ottawa]], Ontario]]
Approximately 26,000 soldiers, sailors, and airmen,<ref name=DND1 >{{cite web| url=http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/news-nouvelles/view-news-afficher-nouvelles-eng.asp?id=2865| last=Department of National Defence| author-link=Department of National Defence (Canada)| title=National Defence and the Canadian Forces > About DND/CF| date=19 December 2008| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| access-date=2 January 2009}}</ref> trained to the level of and interchangeable with their Regular Force counterparts, and posted to CAF operations or duties on a casual or ongoing basis, make up the Primary Reserve. This group is represented, though not commanded, at NDHQ by the chief of Reserves and Employer Support, who is usually a [[Major-General|major-general]] or [[rear-admiral]], and is divided into four components that are each operationally and administratively responsible to its corresponding environmental command in the Regular Force—the [[Canadian Naval Reserve|Naval Reserve]] (NAVRES), Land Force Reserve (LFR), and Air Reserve (AIRRES)—in addition to one force that does not fall under an environmental command, the Health Services Reserve under the [[Canadian Forces Health Services Group]].

===Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service===
The [[Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service]] (COATS)<ref>"Administrative Order: Implementation of Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service", NDHQ 1085-30 (D Cdts 6) dated 2 July 2009.</ref> consists of officers and non-commissioned members who conduct training, safety, supervision and administration of nearly 60,000 cadets aged 12 to 18 years in the [[Canadian Cadet Organization]]. The majority of members in COATS are officers of the [[Cadet Instructors Cadre]] (CIC) branch of the CAF. Members of the Reserve Force Sub-Component COATS who are not employed part-time (Class A) or full-time (Class B) may be held on the "Cadet Instructor Supplementary Staff List" (CISS List) in anticipation of employment in the same manner as other reservists are held as members of the Supplementary Reserve.

===Canadian Rangers===
The [[Canadian Rangers]], who provide surveillance and patrol services in Canada's arctic and other remote areas, are an essential reserve force component used for Canada's exercise of [[sovereignty]] over its northern territory.

== Canadian Military Bases ==
{{Main|Canadian Forces base}}

Canada operates a network of military bases across the country that support the Canadian Armed Forces’ operational, training, and logistical needs. These bases include Army garrisons, Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) facilities, and Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) stations, many of which host joint operations, specialized training programs, and strategic deployments in support of national defence and international missions.
{| class="wikitable"
|+National Defence Headquarters
!Campus
!Location
|-
|[[NDHQ Carling|National Defence Headquarters Carling]]
|[[Ottawa|West Ottawa, ON]]
|-
|[[Major-General George R. Pearkes Building]]
|[[Ottawa, ON]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Canadian Forces Bases / Garrisons
!Base
!Primary Unit(s)
!Location
|-
|[[CFB Valcartier|2 Canadian Division Support Base (2 CDSB) Valcartier]]
|[[5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group]]
|[[Saint-Gabriel-de-Valcartier|Saint-Gabriel-de-Valcartier, QC]]
|-
|[[CFB Montreal|2 CDSB Valcartier Detachment (Det) Montreal]]
|[[34 Canadian Brigade Group]],
|[[Montreal|Montreal, QC]]
|-
|[[CFB Edmonton|3 CDSB Edmonton]]
|[[3rd Canadian Division]]
|[[Edmonton|Edmonton, AB]]
|-
|[[CFB Wainwright|3 CDSB Edmonton Det Wainwright]]
|[[Canadian Manoeuvre Training Centre]], [[3rd Canadian Division]]
|[[Wainwright, AB]]
|-
|[[CFB Gagetown|5 CDSB Gagetown]]
|[[5th Canadian Division]], [[Combat Training Centre]]
|[[Gagetown, New Brunswick|Gagetown, NB]]
|-
|[[5th Canadian Division Support Base Detachment Aldershot|5 CDSB Gagetown Det Aldershot]]
|
|Gagetown, NB
|-
|[[CFB Bagotville|Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Bagotville]]
|3 Wing Bagotville, 2 Wing Bagotville
|[[La Baie|La Baie, QC]]
|-
|[[CFB Borden]]
|16 Wing Borden
|[[Borden, Ontario|Borden, ON]]
|-
|[[CFB Cold Lake]]
|4 Wing Cold Lake
|[[Cold Lake, AB]]
|-
|[[CFB Comox]]
|19 Wing Comox
|[[Comox, BC]]
|-
|[[CFB Esquimalt]]
|[[Maritime Forces Pacific]]
|[[Victoria, BC]]
|-
|[[CFB Gander]]
|9 Wing Gander
|[[Gander, NL]]
|-
|[[CFB Goose Bay]]
|5 Wing Goose Bay
|[[Goose Bay, NL]]
|-
|[[CFB Greenwood]]
|14 Wing Greenwood
|[[Greenwood, Nova Scotia|Greenwood, NS]]
|-
|[[CFB Kingston]]
|1 Wing Kingston, [[1st Canadian Division]], [[Royal Military College of Canada]], [[Canadian Joint Operations Command]]
|[[CFB Kingston]]
|-
|[[CFB Moose Jaw]]
|15 Wing Moose Jaw
|[[Moose Jaw, SK]]
|-
|[[CFB North Bay]]
|22 Wing North Bay, [[First Air Force]]
|[[North Bay, Ontario|North Bay, ON]]
|-
|[[CFB Shilo]]
|[[Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery]], [[Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry|2 PPCLI]]
|[[Brandon, MB]]
|-
|[[CFB Suffield]]
|[[British Army Training Unit Suffield]]
|[[Suffield, Alberta|Suffield, AB]]
|-
|[[CFB Trenton]]
|8 Wing Trenton
|[[Trenton, Ontario|Trenton, ON]]
|-
|[[CFB Winnipeg]]
|17 Wing Winnipeg, [[1 Canadian Air Division]], [[2 Canadian Air Division]]
|[[Winnipeg|Winnipeg, MB]]
|-
|[[CFD Dundurn|CFB Winnipeg Det Dundurn]]
|
|Winnipeg, MB
|-
|[[CFB Shearwater]]
|12 Wing Shearwater
|[[Shearwater, Nova Scotia|Shearwater, NS]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Canadian Forces Ammunition Depots
!Depot
!Primary Unit(s)
!Location
|-
|[[Canadian Forces Ammunition Depot Bedford|Canadian Forces Ammunition Depot (CFB) Bedford]]
|[[Canadian Materiel Support Group]]
|[[Halifax, Nova Scotia|Halifax, NS]]
|-
|[[CFD Dundurn|CFAD Dundurn]]
|Canadian Materiel Support Group
|[[Dundurn, Saskatchewan|Dundurn, SK]]
|-
|[[CFAD Detachment Angus|CFAD Dundurn Detachment Angus]]
|Canadian Materiel Support Group
|[[Essa, Ontario|Essa, ON]]
|-
|[[CFAD Rocky Point]]
|Canadian Materiel Support Group
|[[Sooke|Sooke, BC]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Other Names
!Base
!Primary unit(s)
!Location
|-
|[[Victoria International Airport|Arundel Castle]]
|[[12 Wing Shearwater]]
|[[Victoria, BC]]
|-
|[[Area Support Unit Chilliwack|Area Support Unit (ASU) Chilliwack]]
|[[39 Canadian Brigade Group]], [[3rd Canadian Division]]
|[[Chilliwack, BC]]
|-
|[[ASU Toronto]]
|[[32 Canadian Brigade Group]], [[4th Canadian Division]]
|[[Toronto, ON]]
|-
|[[Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School]]
|[[Canadian Defence Academy]]
|[[Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu|Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC]]
|-
|[[Canadian Forces Maritime Experimental and Test Ranges|Canadian Forces Maritime Experimental and Test Ranges Nanoose]]
|[[Royal Canadian Navy]]
|[[Nanoose Bay|Nanoose Bay, BC]]
|-
|[[Canadian Forces Northern Area Headquarters Yellowknife]]
|[[Joint Task Force (North)]]
|[[Yellowknife|Yellowknife, NT]]
|-
|[[Canadian Forces Support Group Ottawa-Gatineau]]
|
|[[National Capital Region (Canada)|National Capital Region]]
|-
|[[Connaught Ranges and Primary Training Centre]]
|
|
|}

== Defence policy ==
Since the [[Second World War]], Canadian defence policy has consistently stressed three overarching objectives:
* The defence of Canada itself;
* The defence of [[North America]] in co-operation with [[United States Armed Forces|US forces]];
* Contributing to broader international security.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Us – National Defence – Canadian Forces|url=http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/about/canadian-armed-forces.page|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011004643/http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/about/canadian-armed-forces.page|archive-date=11 October 2014|access-date=9 October 2014}}</ref>

During the [[Cold War]], a principal focus of Canadian defence policy was contributing to the security of [[Europe]] in the face of the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] military threat. Toward that end, Canadian ground and air forces were based in Europe from the early 1950s until the early 1990s.

However, since the end of the Cold War, as the [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization]] (NATO) has moved much of its defence focus "out of area", the Canadian military has also become more deeply engaged in international security operations in various other parts of the world—most notably in [[Afghanistan]] from 2002 to 2014.<ref>{{cite news|date=12 March 2014|title=Canadian military involvement in Afghanistan formally ends|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/canadian-military-involvement-in-afghanistan-formally-ends-1.2569162|access-date=21 August 2017}}</ref>

The basis for current Canadian defence capability objectives was originally set in the [[Canada First Defence Strategy]],<ref name="CanadaFirst">{{cite web|work=Department of National Defence|date=30 March 2009|title=Canada First Defence Strategy|url=http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/focus/first-premier/index-eng.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090401033244/http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/focus/first-premier/index-eng.asp|archive-date=1 April 2009|access-date=15 February 2015}}</ref> introduced by the former Harper Government in 2008 but is now updated through the Liberal Government's 2017 defence strategy, [[Strong, Secure and Engaged]] (SSE). The SSE pledged greater funding to support the Canadian military (particularly in relation to the [[National Shipbuilding Procurement Strategy]]) in its primary tasks related to the defence of Canada, the defence of North America and contributing to global security.

In addition to its core missions, the Canadian Armed Forces also contribute to the conduct of Canadian [[Defence Diplomacy|defence diplomacy]] through a range of activities, including the deployment of Canadian Defence Attachés,<ref>{{cite web|date=22 July 2010|title=Canadian Defence Attaché Network|url=http://www.outcan.forces.gc.ca/sites/page-eng.asp?page=8890|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706181618/http://www.outcan.forces.gc.ca/sites/page-eng.asp?page=8890|archive-date=6 July 2011|access-date=23 March 2011|publisher=Outcan.forces.gc.ca}}</ref> participation in bilateral and multilateral military forums (e.g. the [[System of Cooperation Among the American Air Forces]]), ship and aircraft visits, military training and cooperation,<ref>For example, through the Military Training and Cooperation Program and its ancillary activities {{cite web|title=Military Training Cooperation Program|url=http://www.forces.gc.ca/admpol/mtcp-eng.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429095743/http://www.forces.gc.ca/admpol/mtcp-eng.html|archive-date=29 April 2011|access-date=10 March 2011}}</ref> and other such outreach and relationship-building efforts.

===Military expenditures===
The [[Constitution of Canada]] gives the federal government exclusive responsibility for national defence, and expenditures are thus outlined in the [[Canadian federal budget|federal budget]]. DND’s main estimates for 2023–24 totalled $26.5 billion, including various votes and statutory funding. Operating ($17.9 billion), capital ($6.1 billion), and grants and contributions ($320 million). Most of the budget is allocated to personnel (34%), operating (34%), and capital (22%).<ref name="e505">{{cite web | title=Defence Budget | website=Canada.ca | date=September 25, 2023 | url=https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/corporate/reports-publications/transition-materials/transition-assoc-dm/defence-budget.html | access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref>

In 2017 the government began to factor in military-related spending from departments such as Veterans Affairs, Public Works, and the Treasury Board when calculating "defence spending".<ref name="new defence policy 2017">{{cite web|title=Strong, Secure, Engaged|url=http://dgpaapp.forces.gc.ca/en/canada-defence-policy/docs/canada-defence-policy-report.pdf|website=dgpaapp.forces.gc.ca|publisher=Minister of National Defence}}</ref> It is believed that this move was made to improve Canada's defence-related NATO reporting metrics.<ref name="nato and defence metrics">{{cite news|last1=Scotti|first1=Monique|title=Even with new military investments, Canada to fall short of NATO target|work=Global News|url=http://globalnews.ca/news/3509744/even-with-new-military-investments-canada-to-fall-short-of-nato-target/}}</ref>

In 2024 the government announced plans to increase defence spending by $77 billion over twenty years at a rate of 1.76% of GDP. The funds were to be allocated toward new submarines (twelve were planned) and overall force modernisation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/liberal-government-defence-policy-boosts-military-spending-commits-to-new-purchases-of-helicopters-missiles-aircraft |title=Liberal government defence policy boosts military spending, commits to new purchases of helicopters, missiles, aircraft |work=Ottawa Citizen |last=Pugliese |first=David |date=8 April 2024 |access-date=12 April 2024}}</ref>

In 2025, the government of Mark Carney announced plans to rapidly increase defence spending to reach the NATO target 2% of GDP by the end of the fiscal year. The plan includes many measures, including increases to pay for Canadian Forces members, acquisition of new equipment for each of the three environmental commands, and the continued support of previously announced procurement projects.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/news-releases/2025/06/09/canadas-new-government-rebuilding-rearming-and-reinvesting-canadian |title=Canada's new government is rebuilding, rearming, and reinvesting in the Canadian Armed Forces|date=9 June 2025 |access-date=19 June 2025}}</ref>

== Ranks ==
{{Main|Canadian Armed Forces ranks and insignia}}

==Uniforms==
{{Main|Uniforms of the Canadian Armed Forces}}

[[File:Canadian Armed Forces operational uniforms.jpg|thumb|Operational dress uniforms for naval, field and air operations, shown here with naval rank insignia.]]
Although the Canadian Armed Forces are a single service, there are four similar but [[Uniforms of the Canadian Armed Forces#distinctive environmental uniforms|distinctive environmental uniforms]] (DEUs): navy blue (which is actually black) for the navy, rifle green for the army, light blue for the air force, and khaki for special operations. CAF members in operational occupations generally wear the DEU to which their occupation "belongs." CAF members in non-operational occupations (the "purple" trades) are allocated a uniform according to the "distribution" of their branch within the CAF, the association of the branch with one of the former services, and the individual's initial preference. Therefore, on any given day, in any given CAF unit, multiple coloured uniforms may be seen.

The uniforms of the CAF are sub-divided into five orders of dress:<ref>Canada – National Defence: "[http://www.army.forces.gc.ca/land-terre/reserve/training-instruction-eng.asp/ A-AD-265-000/AG-001 CANADIAN FORCES DRESS INSTRUCTIONS] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323111639/http://www.army.forces.gc.ca/land-terre/reserve/training-instruction-eng.asp |date=23 March 2010 }}"</ref>
* Ceremonial dress, including regimental [[full dress]], patrol dress, naval high-collar whites, and service-dress uniforms with ceremonial accoutrements such as swords, white web belts, gloves, etc.
* [[Mess dress]], which ranges from full mess kit with mess jacket, [[cummerbund]], or [[waistcoat]], etc., to service dress with bow tie
* [[Service dress]], also called a ''walking-out'' or ''duty uniform'', is the military equivalent of the business suit, with an optional white summer uniform for naval CF members
* Operational dress, an originally specialized uniform for wear in an operational environment, is now for everyday wear on base or in garrison
* Occupational dress, which is specialized uniform articles for particular occupations (e.g., medical, dental, firefighter)

Only service dress is suitable for CAF members to wear on any occasion, barring "dirty work" or combat. With gloves, swords, and medals (No. 1 or 1A), it is suitable for ceremonial occasions and "dressed down" (No. 3 or lower), it is suitable for daily wear. Generally, after the elimination of base dress (although still defined for the Air Force uniform), the operational dress is now the daily uniform worn by most members of the CF, unless service dress is prescribed (such as at the NDHQ, on parades, at public events, etc.). Approved [[parka]]s are authorized for winter wear in cold climates and a light casual jacket is also authorized for cooler days.

[[File:Royal 22e.jpg|thumb|The [[Royal 22nd Regiment]] parading in full dress for the [[400th anniversary of Quebec City]]. The Canadian Army's universal full dress includes a [[red coat (military uniform)|scarlet tunic]], and [[midnight blue]] trousers.]]
Units of the Canadian Army, Royal Canadian Air Force, and cadets of the Royal Military College of Canada also wear full-dress uniforms. The Army's universal full-dress uniforms includes a [[red coat (military uniform)|scarlet tunic]], [[midnight blue]] trousers with a scarlet trouser stripe.<ref name=uniform>{{cite book|chapter-url=http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/pub/ins-265/dhh_dress_instr_adh265000_ag001-19Sep16-eng.pdf|title=Canadian Armed Forces Dress Instruction|chapter=6-1|page=211|access-date=11 June 2018|date=1 June 2001|publisher=Canadian Armed Forces|archive-date=30 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730135902/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/pub/ins-265/dhh_dress_instr_adh265000_ag001-19Sep16-eng.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, many regiments in the Canadian Army maintain authorized regimental differences from the Army's universal full dress, most notably for its armoured units, [[Scottish regiments]], and [[Voltigeur]]/[[Rifle regiment]]s. The full-dress uniform for cadets at Royal Military College is similar to the Army's universal full dress uniform. Full dress uniforms for units of the Royal Canadian Air Force include a blue tunic, and blue trousers and facings.<ref name=uniform/> Naval full dress includes a [[navy blue]] tunic and trousers with white facings, although the Canadian Forces dress instructions state that naval full dress is no longer worn.<ref name=uniform/>

Authorized headdresses for the Canadian Armed Forces is the: [[Military beret|beret]], [[Garrison cap|wedge cap]], [[Baseball cap|ballcap]], [[Canadian military fur wedge cap|Yukon cap]], and [[tuque]] (toque). Each is coloured according to the distinctive uniform worn: navy (white or navy blue), army (rifle green or "regimental" colour), and air force (light blue). Adherents of the Sikh faith may wear uniform [[turban]]s ([[dastar]]) (or [[patka]], when operational) and Muslim women may wear uniform tucked [[hijab]]s under their authorized headdress. Jews may wear [[yarmulke]] under their authorized headdress and when bareheaded. The beret is probably the most widely worn headgear and is worn with almost all orders of dress (with the exception of the more formal orders of Navy and Air Force dress), and the colour of which is determined by the wearer's environment, branch, or mission. Naval personnel, however, seldom wear berets, preferring either service caps or authorized ballcaps (shipboard operational dress), which only the Navy wear. Air Force personnel, particularly officers, prefer the wedge cap to any other form of headdress. There is no naval variant of the wedge cap. The Yukon cap and tuque are worn only with winter dress, although clearance and combat divers may wear tuques year-round as a watch cap. Soldiers in Highland, Scottish, and Irish regiments generally wear an alternative headdress, including the [[glengarry]], [[balmoral bonnet|balmoral]], [[Tam o'shanter (hat)|tam o'shanter]], and [[caubeen]] instead of the beret. The officer cadets of both Royal Military Colleges wear gold-braided "pillbox" (cavalry) caps with their [[Full dress|ceremonial dress]] and have a unique fur [[Canadian military fur wedge cap|"Astrakhan"]] for winter wear. The CAF wears the [[CG634]] helmet.

==Symbolism and honours==
[[File:Canadian Forces emblem.svg|thumb|[[Heraldic badge|Badge]] of the CAF from 1968 to 2026<ref name=Badge>{{cite web |url=https://www.gg.ca/en/heraldry/public-register/project/3334 |title=Registration of a Badge |work=Public Register of Arms, Flags and Badges of Canada |accessdate=8 November 2025}}</ref>]]
The Canadian Forces have derived many of their traditions and symbols from the Navy, Army, and Air Force of the United Kingdom, including those with royal elements. Contemporary icons and rituals, however, have evolved to include elements reflective of Canada and the [[Monarchy of Canada|Canadian monarchy]]. Members of [[Monarchy of Canada#Royal family and house|the country's royal family]] maintain personal relationships with the forces' divisions and regiments.<ref name="Tidridge2011">{{cite book|author=Nathan Tidridge|title=Canada's constitutional monarchy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JvGsvHsAtDgC&pg=PA84|year= 2011|publisher=Dundurn Press|isbn=978-1-4597-0084-0|page=84}}</ref><ref name=CRHTAF>{{cite web|url=http://www.crht.ca/DiscoverMonarchyFiles/ArmedForces.html |author=Gary Toffoli |title=The Royal Family and the Armed Forces |publisher=Canadian Royal Heritage Trust |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701050507/http://www.crht.ca/DiscoverMonarchyFiles/ArmedForces.html |archive-date=1 July 2007 }}</ref>

The monarch is regarded as the [[fount of honour]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/hon/nat-honour-honneur/index-eng.htm |last=Royal Canadian Mounted Police |title=Honours and Recognition Programs: Canadian National Honours |publisher=Queen's Printer |access-date=20 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090323114038/http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/hon/nat-honour-honneur/index-eng.htm |archive-date=23 March 2009 }}</ref><ref name=DND>{{cite web|url=http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhr-ddhr/chc-tdh/chart-tableau-eng.asp?ref=SM |last=Department of National Defence |author-link=Department of National Defence (Canada) |title=Canadian Honours Chart: Sacrifice Medal (SM) |publisher=Queen's Printer |access-date=2 September 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091114162425/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhr-ddhr/chc-tdh/chart-tableau-eng.asp?ref=SM |archive-date=14 November 2009 }}</ref> and the [[Orders, decorations, and medals of Canada|Canadian system of orders, decorations, and medals]] includes numerous specifically for the military, such as the [[Victoria Cross (Canada)|Victoria Cross]], [[Order of Military Merit (Canada)|Order of Military Merit]], [[Cross of Valour (Canada)|Cross of Valour]], [[Star of Courage (Canada)|Star of Courage]], and [[Medal of Bravery (Canada)|Medal of Bravery]].<ref name=McCreery2005kii>{{cite book|author=Christopher McCreery|title=The Order of Canada: its origins, history, and development|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4f_dQFXQpVkC&pg=PA228|year=2005|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-0-8020-3940-8|page=228|author-link=Christopher McCreery}}</ref> The Victoria Cross is the highest honour in Canada. The British version was presented to 94 Canadians and two Newfoundlanders<ref name=Filey1993>{{cite book | author= Mike Filey |title=More Toronto sketches: "the way we were"|url=https://archive.org/details/moretorontosketc0000file| url-access= registration |year= 1993|publisher=Dundurn Press|isbn=978-1-55002-201-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/moretorontosketc0000file/page/175 175]|author-link=Mike Filey}}</ref> between its creation in 1856 and 1993, when the Canadian Victoria Cross was instituted.<ref name=McCreery2005kii/> No Canadian has received either honour since 1945.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thestar.com/article/189029 |author=Isabel Teotonio|work=[[Toronto Star]] |title=Vets irate at Victoria Cross proposal|access-date=12 July 2007|date=7 March 2007}}</ref>

During the unification of the forces in the 1960s, a renaming of the branches took place, resulting in the loss of the ''royal'' designations for the Navy and Air Force.<ref name="MurrayViotti1994pl">{{cite book|author1=Douglas J. Murray|author2=Paul R. Viotti|title=The defense policies of nations: a comparative study|url=https://archive.org/details/defensepolicieso00doug|url-access=registration|year=1994|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=978-0-8018-4794-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/defensepolicieso00doug/page/84 84]}}</ref> On 16 August 2011, the federal Cabinet announced that Air Command was re-assuming the Air Force's original name, ''Royal Canadian Air Force''; Land Force Command the name ''Canadian Army''; and Maritime Command the name ''Royal Canadian Navy''.<ref name=Restoration>{{cite web|url=http://www2.gnb.ca/content/gnb/en/news/news_release.2011.08.0889.html|title=Restoration of traditional military service names welcomed|publisher=Government of New Brunswick |year=2011|access-date=1 January 2012}}</ref> The government stated that the change was made to better reflect Canada's military heritage and align Canada with other [[Commonwealth realm]]s whose militaries use the ''royal'' designation, while political opponents claimed the changes were more politically motivated and designed to appeal to monarchists in the [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative party]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fitzpatrick |first=Meagan |date=17 August 2011 |title=Peter MacKay hails 'royal' renaming of military |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/peter-mackay-hails-royal-renaming-of-military-1.1059811 |work=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]}}</ref><ref name=Restoration/>

==Military families==
[[File:Canadian Armed Forces families.png|frameless|right]]
The portrait of military families in Canada from the 2021 Census had 345,180 military families, making up 3.4% of all families in the country. This group included 53,510 active military families. Among these, 74. 1% were couple families with one partner serving and the other having no military experience, 11.8% had both partners serving, 7.5% had one partner serving and the other a Veteran, and 6.6% were one-parent families with a serving parent. The majority, 291,670, were Veteran families, mainly consisting of couple families where one spouse was a Veteran and the other had no military experience at 87.6%. Additionally, 6.5% were one-parent Veteran families and 6.0% had both partners as Veterans.<ref name="z178">{{cite web | title=Military families in Canada | website=Statistics Canada | date=13 January 2025 | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/11-627-m/11-627-m2025001-eng.htm | access-date=15 January 2025}}</ref>

More than 80% of military families in Canada were identified as Veteran families, while the remaining percentage was active.The report also highlighted the distribution of active military, Veteran, and non-military families. In Ottawa–Gatineau, 11.1% were active military families, 7.8% were Veteran families, and 3.8% were non-military families. Similar proportions were observed in Halifax and Québec.<ref name="z178"/>

Active military families were more likely than Veteran and non-military families to have moved to a different province or territory in the past five years. The report detailed that 24.1% of couple families and 15.4% of one-parent families in the active category lived in a different province compared to 4.0% and 1.9%, respectively, for Veteran families, and 2.4% and 1.9% for non-military families.<ref name="z178"/>

==See also==
{{Portal|Canada}}
{{Columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Authorized marches of the Canadian Armed Forces]]
* [[Canadian Armed Forces order of precedence]]
* [[Canadian Forces Military Police]]
* [[Canadian Forces Radio and Television]]
* [[Canadian war cemeteries]]
* [[Canadian war memorials]]
* [[Code of Service Discipline]]
* [[List of Canadian military occupations]]
* [[List of historical equipment of the Canadian military]]
* [[List of military equipment of Canada]]
* [[Planned Canadian Forces projects]]
* [[Postal Branch]]
}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group="N"}}
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Statistics Canada}}

==Further reading==
{{main|Bibliography of Canadian military history}}

{{refbegin}}
*Beaudet, Normand (1993). ''Le Mythe de la défense canadienne''. Montréal: Éditions Écosociété. {{ISBN|2-921561-11-5}}
*{{cite book|last=Morton|first=Desmond|title=A military history of Canada|publisher=McClelland and Stewart|location=Toronto|year=1999|edition=4th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ui8ecMckv08C&q=A%20military%20history%20of%20Canada&pg=PP1|isbn=0-7710-6514-0}}
*Rennick, Joanne Benham (2013). [http://afs.sagepub.com/content/39/3/511.abstract "Canadian Values and Military Operations in the Twenty-First Century,"] [[Armed Forces & Society]] 39, No. 3, pp. 511–30
*Leuprecht, Christian & Sokolsky, Joel. (2014). [http://afs.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/07/02/0095327X14536562.abstract ''Defense Policy "Walmart Style" Canadian Lessons in "not so grand" Grand Strategy.''] Armed Forces & Society Journal Online First.
* {{Cite book |last = Granatstein |first =J. L |year =2004 |title =Canada's army: waging war and keeping the peace
|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=jqxyhNcha3sC&q=Army%20%20of%20Canada&pg=PP1 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn= 0-8020-8696-9}}
* {{Cite book |last =Zuehlke |first =Mark |year =2006 |title =Canadian Military Atlas: Four Centuries of Conflict from New France to Kosovo |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=KyNlm8SuplEC&q=canadian%20military%20atlas&pg=PP1 |publisher= Douglas & McIntyre|isbn= 978-1-55365-209-0}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930152520/http://www.collectionscanada.ca/faces-of-war/ Faces of War] at Library and Archives Canada
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}
* [http://www.combatcamera.forces.gc.ca Combat Camera] – Official CF photo website
* [https://www.youtube.com/user/canmildoc/featured Canadian Military Documentary channel] on YouTube

{{Canadian Armed Forces}}
{{Government agencies of Canada}}
{{Evolution of the Military of Canada}}
{{Navboxes|list1=
{{North Atlantic Treaty Organization}}
{{Military of the Americas}}
}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Canadian Armed Forces| ]]
[[Category:Department of National Defence (Canada)]]
[[Category:Uniformed services of Canada]]
[[Category:Military of Canada| ]]

Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda

2026-03-19T06:53:21Z

Dranvesh: expanded content further

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{short description|Indian naval officer}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office1 = 6th [[Chief of Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval Staff]]
| termstart1 = 28 February 1970
| termend1 =28 February 1973
| president1 = [[V. V. Giri]]
| primeminister1 = [[Indira Gandhi]]
| predecessor1 = [[Adhar Kumar Chatterji]]
| successor1 = [[Sourendra Nath Kohli]]
| honorific_prefix = [[Admiral (India)|Admiral]]
| name = S M Nanda
| honorific_suffix = [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal|AVSM]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1915|10|10|df=yes}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2009|5|11|1915|10|10|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Manora, Karachi|Manora]], [[Karachi]], [[British India]]
| death_place = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| placeofburial =
| image = File:Admiral SM Nanda.jpg
| image_size = 250
| caption = Admiral Nanda as Chief of Naval Staff
| nickname = Charles
| allegiance = {{flag|British India}} (1941–1947) {{flag|India}} (1947–1973)
| branch = {{navy|British India}} (1941–1947) {{navy|India|naval-1950}} (1947–1973)
| serviceyears = 1941–1973
| rank = [[File:IN_Admiral_Shoulder_curl.png|20px]] [[File:14-Indian Navy-ADM.svg|20px]]
[[Admiral (India)|Admiral]]
| commands = {{unbulleted list| [[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval Staff]] | [[Western Naval Command]] | [[Western Fleet (India)|Indian Fleet]] | {{ship|INS|Mysore|C60}} | 12th Frigate Squadron | {{ship|INS|Jamuna|U21}} | {{ship|INS|Ranjit|1949}} }}
| unit =
| battles = {{unbulleted list| [[World War II]] | [[Annexation of Goa]] | [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] | [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]}}
| awards = [[Padma Vibhushan]] [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]] [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
| occupation = Chairman and Managing Director [[Shipping Corporation of India]] Member of the Board of Directors, Crown Corporation
}}

[[Admiral (India)|Admiral]] '''Sardarilal Mathradas''' "'''Charles'''" '''Nanda''', [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal|AVSM]] (10 October 1915 – 11 May 2009) was an [[Indian Navy]] [[admiral]] who served as the 6th [[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval Staff]] from 1 March 1970 until 28 February 1973.<ref name=telegraph-obit>{{cite web | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/military-obituaries/naval-obituaries/5551938/Admiral-Sardarilal-Nanda.html | title = Naval Obituaries: Admiral Sardarilal Nanda | publisher = The Telegraph | date = 2009-06-16 | access-date = 2011-07-20 | archive-date = 14 February 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180214175422/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/military-obituaries/naval-obituaries/5551938/Admiral-Sardarilal-Nanda.html | url-status = live }}</ref> He led the Indian Navy during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] and successfully executed a [[naval blockade]] of both [[West Pakistan|West]] and [[East Pakistan]], helping India achieve an overwhelming victory during the war.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=28239 | title = The man who bombed Karachi | publisher = [[Indian Express]] | access-date = 2007-02-07 | archive-date = 25 September 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120925002419/http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=28239 | url-status = live }}</ref> For the important role he played in the war, the [[Government of India]] awarded him the [[Padma Vibhushan]], India's second-highest civilian award.<ref name="pvb-india"/> Nanda is recognised as one of the most notable commanders in the history of the Indian Navy.

Born in [[Manora, Karachi]], in the [[Sind Province (1936–1955)|Sind Province]] of British India, Nanda joined the Royal Indian Naval Volunteer Reserve in 1941. During [[World War II]], he served onboard HMIS ''Travancore'' and as an instructor at the signals school in {{HMIS|Talwar}}. After the war, he served on board {{ship|HMIS|Narbada|U40}} which was based out of Japan as part of the British occupation forces. He subsequently served as the communication officer of {{ship|HMIS|Cauvery|U10}}.

Following the [[Independence of India]], he was appointed executive officer of ''Cauvery'', and in 1948, was appointed first lieutenant of the [[flagship]] {{ship|HMIS|Delhi|C74}}. In 1949, he was appointed director of personnel services at NHQ and in 1950 took command of the [[R-class destroyer (1916)|R-class destroyer]] {{ship|INS|Ranjit|1949}}, which represented India at the [[Coronation of Elizabeth II|coronation review of the fleet]]. Nanda subsequently commanded the {{sclass|Black Swan|sloop|1}} {{ship|INS|Jamuna|U21}} and the 16th frigate squadron. In 1954, he was appointed [[Chief of Personnel (India)|Chief of Personnel]] and constituted commodore 2nd class in September 1956. Appointed the [[ship commissioning|commissioning]] [[commanding officer]] of the new flagship of the Navy, the [[Crown Colony-class cruiser]] {{ship|INS|Mysore|C60}}, he commissioned the ship in August 1957 at Birkenhead. In 1958, he took over as the Director General [[Naval Dockyard (Bombay)|Naval Dockyard Expansion Scheme]]. After attending the [[Imperial Defence College]] in 1962, he returned to India and was appointed [[Chief of Materiel (India)|Chief of Materiel]] at NHQ.

Promoted to flag rank in May 1962, Nanda was appointed the [[Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff]]. As DCNS, he played an important role in the development of [[Goa]] as a naval base. In 1964, he took over as the managing director of [[Mazagon Dock Limited]]. In 1966, he was appointed [[Flag Officer Commanding Indian Fleet]] and then Flag Officer Bombay in 1968. The Bombay command was upgraded and Nanda took over as the first [[Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Naval Command]] in the rank of vice admiral. On 1 March 1970, he took command as the seventh Chief of the Naval Staff. Under his command, the Navy attacked Karachi with missile boats and bombarded ports in East Pakistan with aircraft of {{INS|Vikrant|1961|6}}, apart from successfully enforcing naval blockades on two fronts. He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, the second-highest civilian award, and awards for distinguished service – the Param Vishisht Seva Medal and the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal.

==Early life and education==
Nanda was born on 10 October 1915 to Mathra Das, an office superintendent at the workshop of the Port Trust in [[Manora, Karachi|Manora]], [[Karachi]] and Pooran Devi. His parents were from villages near [[Gujranwala]] in the [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]].{{sfn|Nanda|2004|pp=18–20}} He was born in a [[Punjabi Hindu]] [[Khatri]] family.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Puri|first=Baij Nath|title=The Khatris, a Socio-cultural Study.|publisher=M.N. Publishers and Distributors.|year=1988|pages=175–176}}</ref> He was raised on [[Manora Island]] at the entrance to the [[Port of Karachi]].<ref name=telegraph-obit/><ref name=rediff-karachi>{{cite web | url = http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/jan/18inter.htm | title = Karachi burned for seven days | publisher = [[Rediff]] | date = 2007-01-18 | access-date = 2 June 2009 | archive-date = 16 December 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081216074815/http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/jan/18inter.htm | url-status = live }}</ref> He was the eldest of seven children – three boys and four girls. He attended a primary school on the island and then the N J High School in Karachi. He worked for the Port and Pilotage department at Manora after finishing his schooling.{{sfn|Nanda|2004|pp=18–20}}

After the outbreak of [[World War II]], he applied for a commission in the Royal Indian Naval Volunteer Reserve (RINVR). He appeared before a selection board in [[Bombay]] in September 1941. Successful in the written test and the interview, he was commissioned in the RINVR on 11 October 1941 as an [[acting sub-lieutenant]] in the Executive Branch.{{sfn|Nanda|2004|pp=27–31}}

==Naval career==
===Early career===
Nanda started his career with a training course for six months on the ''Deepawati''. He was then sent to [[Calcutta]] for his next assignment. At Calcutta, he was asked to go to [[Khulna]] and take command of a [[Steamboat|river steamer]] and patrol the [[Sundarbans]]. In June 1942, he was selected for a specialist communications course at {{HMIS|Talwar}}, the Signals School in [[Colaba]], Bombay. After the course, he served as the signals officer on board the [[minesweeper]] HMIS ''Travancore''.{{sfn|Nanda|2004|pp=35–41}} In October 1942, he was promoted to the acting rank of [[Lieutenant (navy)|lieutenant]] and appointed an instructor at the Signals School.<ref name="Navy List">{{cite book |title=The Navy List: July 1945 |publisher=HM Government, UK |date=1945 |pages=2114 |chapter=Officers of the Royal Indian Naval Volunteer Reserve }}</ref> After the end of the war, he stayed in the Navy despite rapid, large-scale demobilisation. He appeared before a selection board in [[Lonavala]] on 31 October 1945.

Nanda was serving at the Signals School at HMIS ''Talwar'' when the [[Royal Indian Navy mutiny]] broke out in February 1946. The mutiny first started at HMIS ''Talwar'' and spread to ships and other shore establishments.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1946/feb/22/royal-indian-navy-mutiny |title=Royal Indian Navy (Mutiny) |work=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]] |date=22 February 1946 |access-date=7 June 2012 |archive-date=2 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302144430/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1946/feb/22/royal-indian-navy-mutiny |url-status=live }}</ref> The mutiny was called off after the sailors met with [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]]. He was asked by the sailors to accompany them, which he did.{{sfn|Nanda|2004|p=54}}

In June 1946, he was posted to the [[sloop]] {{ship|HMIS|Narbada|U40}}, which was to sail for [[Japan]] from [[Madras]]. The ship was based out of [[Kure, Hiroshima]], as part of the British occupation forces and was later transferred to [[Sasebo, Nagasaki]], as part of the US occupation forces. On 19 October 1946 he was granted a permanent commission in the [[Royal Indian Navy]] (RIN) as a Lieutenant with backdated seniority of 10 October 1940.{{sfn|Nanda|2004|pp=54–58}} In January 1947, he was appointed communications officer of the sloop {{ship|HMIS|Cauvery|U10}}, then deployed at Karachi.

===Post-Independence===
After the [[partition of India]], the ''Cauvery'' was assigned to India and she set sail for Bombay. The British officers embarked for [[England]] and Nanda was appointed [[executive officer]] of the ship. {{ship|HMIS|Kistna|U46}} and ''Cauvery'' commanded by [[Commander]] [[Ram Dass Katari]] and Commander Reggie Sawhney respectively made two trips to the [[United Kingdom]]. This was because the [[cruiser]] {{ship|HMS|Achilles|70}} was being purchased by India and renamed HMIS ''Delhi'' and the crew was to be transported.{{sfn|Nanda|2004|p=61}} In 1948, he was promoted to the acting rank of [[lieutenant commander]] and appointed [[first lieutenant]] of {{ship|HMIS|Delhi|C74}} under the command of Captain H.N.S. Brown, with [[Ram Dass Katari|Commander Ram Dass Katari]] as his [[executive officer]].<ref name=telegraph-obit/> To train for this appointment, he was ordered to join the [[Mediterranean Fleet]]. He served on board the [[aircraft carrier]] {{ship|HMS|Triumph|R16}} and subsequently on the cruiser {{ship|HMS|Newcastle|C76}}.{{sfn|Nanda|2004|pp=63–67}}

HMIS ''Delhi'' was commissioned on 5 July 1948 by the [[List of High Commissioners of India to the United Kingdom|High Commissioner of India to the United Kingdom]] [[V. K. Krishna Menon]]. On her way to India, she called at [[Portsmouth]], [[Isle of Portland|Portland]], [[Gibraltar]] and [[Malta]]. The [[Prime Minister of India]] [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] himself welcomed the ship at Bombay.{{sfn|Singh|1986|pp=70–71}} She went on a cruise round the coasts of India, calling at [[Karwar]], [[Cochin]], [[Trincomalee]], [[Madras]], [[Vizag]], [[Calcutta]], [[Port Blair]], [[Colombo]] and [[Calicut]] before returning to Bombay.<ref>{{cite web |title=PIB (Defence Wing) |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1948-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1948-10-13_265.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=13 October 1948}}</ref> In May 1949, she left on her [[Indian Ocean]] cruise. She called at [[Victoria, Seychelles]], [[Port Louis]] in [[Mauritius]], [[Dar es Salaam]] in [[Tanzania]] and [[Mombasa]] in [[Kenya]]. The cruise to the Indian Ocean republics and East Africa generated a tremendous amount of goodwill.<ref>{{cite web |title=HMIS Delhi's Indian Ocean cruise |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1949-JAN-DEC-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1949-04-27_156.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=27 April 1949}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=H.M.I.S. DELHI RECEIVES GREAT WELCOME IN MAURITIUS |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1949-JAN-DEC-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1949-05-30_193.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=30 May 1949}}</ref>

On 30 June 1949, at the end of the goodwill mission, Nanda was promoted substantive lieutenant-commander and to the acting rank of Commander.<ref name="ag Cdr">{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Navy Branch) |page=953 |date=9 July 1949 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref> He was appointed director of personnel services (DPS) at Naval headquarters.{{sfn|Nanda|2004|p=75}} Nanda was promoted to substantive commander on 31 December 1950.<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Navy Branch) |page=8 |date=13 January 1951 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref> He served as the DPS for about two years. On 10 October 1951, he took command of the [[R-class destroyer (1916)|R-class destroyer]], {{ship|INS|Ranjit|1949}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=NEW COMMANDING OFFICERS FOR IN DESTROYER FLOTILLA |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1951-JAN-DEC-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1951-11-12_213.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=12 November 1951}}</ref> The ''Ranjit'' was part of the 11th Destroyer Squadron commanded by Captain Ram Dass Katari. The other two ships in the squadron were {{ship|INS|Rajput|D141}} and {{ship|INS|Rana|1942}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=CAPTAIN KATARI TO TAKE COMMAND OF DESTROYER FLOTILLA |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1951-JAN-DEC-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1951-11-26_221.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=26 November 1951}}</ref> Nanda took the ship on a goodwill cruise to [[Singapore]], [[Saigon]], [[Jakarta]] and other ports in [[Indonesia]] like [[Bali]]. In Jakarta, he called on and was received by the first [[President of Indonesia]], [[Sukarno]].{{sfn|Nanda|2004|pp=78–79}}

In early 1952, [[Queen Elizabeth II|Princess Elizabeth]] and [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]] set out for a tour of [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]] by way of Kenya. The ''Rajput'' and the ''Ranjit'' were nominated to escort the {{ship|HMY|Britannia}} from Mombasa to Australia.<ref>{{cite web |title=IN DESTROYERS FOR ROYAL ESCORT |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1951-JAN-DEC-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1951-12-18_244.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=18 December 1951}}</ref> With the death of [[King George VI]], this was cancelled. To commemorate the [[Coronation of Elizabeth II]], a massive Coronation review of the fleet was held at [[Portsmouth]]. The flagship INS ''Delhi'', commanded by Captain [[Adhar Kumar Chatterji]], destroyer INS ''Ranjit'', commanded by Nanda, and the frigate {{ship|INS|Tir|K256}}, commanded by Commander [[Nilakanta Krishnan]], represented India at the review.{{sfn|Katari|1983}} A naval armada consisting of ships from the Indian Navy, [[Royal Navy]], [[Royal Australian Navy]] and the [[Royal New Zealand Navy]] sailed from Portsmouth to Gibraltar. The fleet carried out exercises along the way and was under the command of [[Lord Mountbatten]]. The ''Ranjit'' under Nanda acquitted itself well during these exercises. Subsequently, the Indian ships continued conducting exercises with the Mediterranean Fleet. They sailed from Gibraltar to Malta, the [[List of islands of Greece|Greek islands]] and to [[Istanbul]].{{sfn|Nanda|2004|pp=78–81}}

Nanda took command of {{ship|INS|Jamuna|U21}} on 31 August 1953 after returning to Bombay. He was also appointed Captain (F) 12th Frigate Squadron. On 15 February 1954, he was promoted to the acting rank of [[Captain (Indian Navy)|captain]] and appointed CAPBRAX (captain naval barracks) and [[commanding officer]] of {{INS|Angre}}. After a short stint, he was transferred back to Naval Headquarters as [[Chief of Personnel (India)|Chief of Personnel]] (COP) in September 1954. He was promoted to substantive captain on 31 December 1954.<ref name="Substantive Capt">{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Navy Branch) |page=15 |date=15 January 1955 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref> He served as the COP for about two and a half years. In September 1956, he was promoted to [[Commodore (India)|commodore]] 2nd Class.<ref name="Commodore 2nd class">{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Navy Branch) |page=107 |date=27 April 1957 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>

In December 1956, he was appointed the [[ship commissioning|commissioning]] [[commanding officer]] of {{ship|INS|Mysore|C60}}. The [[Crown Colony-class cruiser]] {{ship|HMS|Nigeria|60}} was being refitted and modernised in [[Birkenhead]], [[Liverpool]], to be commissioned as the ''Mysore''. He spent a few months in UK preparing his crew. INS ''Mysore'' was commissioned on 29 August 1957 by the [[List of High Commissioners of India to the United Kingdom|High Commissioner of India to the United Kingdom]] [[Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit]]. Nanda took the ship to the [[Mediterranean]] and subsequently paid an official visit to the port of [[Split, Croatia|Split]] in [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]]. He called on President [[Josip Broz Tito]] at his home in the [[Brioni Islands]]. Returning to India, Nanda and the ''Mysore'' were welcomed by the entire [[Western Fleet (India)|Indian Fleet]], commanded by the first Indian Fleet Commander Rear Admiral Ram Dass Katari. Katari's flag was transferred from INS Delhi to INS Mysore, thus becoming the new flagship of the Indian Fleet.{{sfn|Singh|1991|p=80}} The Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru visited the ship at Bombay and hosted a dinner on board with the [[Governor of Maharashtra]] [[Ali Yavar Jung]], the [[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]] [[V. K. Krishna Menon]], [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra]] [[Vasantrao Naik]] being present.<ref>{{cite web |title=PRIME MINISTER TO VISIT FLAGSHIP INS MYSORE |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1959-JAN-DEC-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1958-03-22_175.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=22 March 1958}}</ref> After visiting the ports in India, Nanda took the ship to a goodwill visit to [[China]] and Japan in the summer of 1958. She called at [[Singapore]], [[Hong Kong]], [[Shanghai]] and [[Yokohama]]. On the return passage, she called at [[Haiphong]]. Before leaving India for the goodwill visit, Nanda had been selected to attend the [[Imperial Defence College]] (IDC) and was to embark for the UK after completing the visit. Instead he was informed after departing from Haiphong that his deputation to IDC stood cancelled.{{sfn|Nanda|2004|pp=94–100}}

Personally selected by the Defence Minister V K Krishna Menon, Nanda took over as the Director General [[Naval Dockyard (Bombay)|Naval Dockyard Expansion Scheme]] (DG-NDES) on 1 October 1958. He undertook a major expansion of the dockyard.<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Navy Branch) |page=13 |date=16 January 1960 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref> He extended the dimensions of the cruiser dock to accommodate the aircraft carrier {{ship|HMS|Hercules|R49}} being acquired from the UK. This resulted in tremendous advantage for the Indian Navy. For distinguished service during his tenure as DG-NDES, Nanda was awarded the [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]] in 1961.<ref>{{cite web |title=Republic Day Awards |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1961-JAN-DEC-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1961-01-25_048.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=25 January 1961 |access-date=7 May 2020 |archive-date=21 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721083758/http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1961-JAN-DEC-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1961-01-25_048.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> In June 1960, he was appointed Officer on Special Duty (OSD) at Naval HQ.{{sfn|Nanda|2004|pp=106–109}} Nanda was selected to attend the [[Imperial Defence College]] and embarked for the UK in early 1961. After completing the year-long course, he returned to India and was appointed [[Chief of Materiel (India)|Chief of Materiel]] (COM) in February 1962.{{sfn|Abidi|Sharma|2007|p=25}}

===Flag rank===
In May 1962, Nanda was promoted to the acting rank of [[rear admiral]] and appointed [[Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Deputy Chief of Naval Staff]].<ref name="Ag RAdm">{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Navy Branch) |page=207 |date=15 June 1963 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=NEW DEPUTY CHIEF OF NAVAL STAFF |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1962-JAN-DEC-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1962-05-14_188.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=14 May 1962 |access-date=7 May 2020 |archive-date=1 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201183737/http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1962-JAN-DEC-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1962-05-14_188.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> As DCNS, he was instrumental in obtaining permission and clearance from the [[Government of India]] (GOI) for the naval development of the port at [[Goa]], which was recently [[Annexation of Goa|annexed]]. Given the difficulty India had in negotiating the purchase of {{INS|Vikrant|1961|6}} from the UK, Nanda supported the acquisition of equipment from the [[Soviet Union]]. Promoted to substantive rear-admiral on 16 June 1964,<ref name="Substantive RAdm">{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Navy Branch) |page=383 |date=19 September 1964 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref> Nanda was appointed [[managing director]] of [[Mazagon Dock Limited]] in December 1964.
He undertook preparations for the construction of {{sclass|Nilgiri|frigate|1||1972}}s, the first major naval vessels to be constructed in India. After a 18-month tenure, he handed over charge to Rear Admiral [[Benjamin Abraham Samson]] in May 1966. Shortly afterwards, in October, the [[keel]] of the first frigate {{ship|INS|Nilgiri|F33}} was [[keel laying|laid]].{{sfn|Nanda|2004|pp=139–144}} For his distinguished service as MD of Mazagon Dock, he was awarded the [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]] in January 1966.<ref>{{cite web |title=VISHISHT SEVA MEDAL CLASS I FOR NINE OFFICERS |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1966-JAN-JUNE-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1966-01-26_079.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=26 January 1966}}</ref>

On 1 June 1966, Nanda took command of the [[Western Fleet (India)|Indian Fleet]] as the [[Flag Officer Commanding Indian Fleet]] at Bombay.<ref>{{cite web |title=ADMIRAL NANDA TO COMMAND INDIAN FLEET |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1966-JAN-JUNE-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1966-05-24_242.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=24 May 1966 |access-date=8 May 2020 |archive-date=2 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202090508/http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1966-JAN-JUNE-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1966-05-24_242.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Flying his flag, the fleet visited the [[Persian Gulf]] in April 1967. The {{INS|Vikrant|1961|6}} visited [[Bahrain]] and [[Kuwait]], while her escorts {{ship|INS|Trishul|F143}} and {{ship|INS|Talwar|F140}} visited [[Abadan]] and [[Basra]]. The [[fleet tanker]] [[Deepak-class oiler|INS ''Deepak'']] joined the fleet under Nanda.{{sfn|Nanda|2004|pp=150–151}}

Nanda took over as Flag Officer Bombay (FOB) on 1 February 1968. In March 1968, the reorganisation of the Navy took place. Posts were upgraded and created at the Naval HQ as well as the naval commands. Nanda was promoted to the rank of [[Vice Admiral (India)|vice admiral]] and became the first Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief (FOC-in-C) [[Western Naval Command]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Reorganisation of Naval Commands |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1968-JAN-APR-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1968-03-02_089.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |format=2 March 1968 |access-date=8 May 2020 |archive-date=2 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202192454/http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1968-JAN-APR-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1968-03-02_089.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=UPGRADATIONS IN DEFENCE SERVICES APPOINTMENTS |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1968-JAN-APR-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1968-03-01_081.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=1 March 1968 |access-date=8 May 2020 |archive-date=2 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202090259/http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1968-JAN-APR-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1968-03-01_081.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="VAdm">{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Navy Branch) |page=245 |date=23 March 1968 |work=The Gazette of India}}</ref> Nanda organised the Navy Week in December 1969 which culminated with the review of the Indian Naval Fleet by [[President of India|President]] [[V. V. Giri]]. A successful event, it raised the navy's profile in Bombay. The Navy Week involved the businessmen, industrialists, [[Bollywood|Bollywood stars]] and the society at large. Funds were raised and a Sailors' home and an Officers' Mess was also built.{{sfn|Nanda|2004|pp=156–160}}

===Chief of Naval Staff===
[[File:nandagoh.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Admiral Nanda reviewing an [[honour guard]] at INS Adyar in 1972.]]
In November 1969, the GOI decided to appoint Nanda as the next CNS in succession to Admiral [[Adhar Kumar Chatterji]].<ref>{{cite web |title=VICE-ADMIRAL NANDA NEXT CHIEF OF NAVAL STAFF |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1969-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE-VOL-2/PDF/DEF-1969-11-15_219.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=15 November 1969}}</ref> On 1 March 1970, Nanda took command as the 7th Chief of the Naval Staff of the Indian Navy.<ref name="Adm">{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Navy Branch) |page=703 |date=6 June 1970 |work=The Gazette of India}}</ref> The 1962 [[Sino-Indian War]] was largely fought over the Himalayas and the Navy did not have a major role. During the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]], the Navy was ordered to stay within Indian waters. When the [[Pakistan Navy]] bombarded [[Dwarka]], Nanda recognised the need to raise the Navy's profile and capabilities. He was determined to change the mindset of the service from defence to attack.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/military-obituaries/naval-obituaries/5551938/Admiral-Sardarilal-Nanda.html|title=Admiral Sardarilal Nanda|work=The Telegraph|access-date=2 April 2018|archive-date=14 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214175422/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/military-obituaries/naval-obituaries/5551938/Admiral-Sardarilal-Nanda.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He got the opportunity to demonstrate this capability the following year during the war with Pakistan.

====Indo-Pakistani War of 1971====
{{Main|Indo-Pakistani War of 1971}}
{{further|Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971}}
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was sparked by the [[Bangladesh Liberation war]], a conflict between the traditionally dominant [[West Pakistan]]is and the majority [[East Pakistan]]is. In 1970, East Pakistanis demanded autonomy for the state, but the [[Government of Pakistan|Pakistani government]] failed to satisfy these demands and, in early 1971, a demand for secession took root in East Pakistan. In March, the [[Pakistan Armed Forces]] launched a fierce campaign to curb the secessionists, the latter including soldiers and police from East Pakistan. Thousands of East Pakistanis died, and nearly ten million refugees fled to [[West Bengal]], an adjacent Indian state. In April, India decided to assist in the formation of the new nation of [[Bangladesh]].<ref name="Global Security - 1971 War">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/indo-pak_1971.htm|title=Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|work=Global Security|access-date=27 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126094736/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/indo-pak_1971.htm|archive-date=26 November 2016}}</ref>

Nanda was instrumental in framing India's Naval strategy during the war. He feigned a defensive deployment southeast towards the [[Andaman Islands]], instead moving his Eastern fleet northwards into the [[Bay of Bengal]] and enforcing a naval blockade against [[East Pakistan]].
[[File:PM with the three Chiefs, 1971.jpg|300px|thumb|Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi congratulating the Chiefs of the three services, [[General (India)|General]] [[Sam Manekshaw]], [[Admiral (India)|Admiral]] SM Nanda and [[Air Chief Marshal (India)|Air Chief Marshal]] [[Pratap Chandra Lal|PC Lal]].]]

His strategy against [[West Pakistan]] was to strike hard against Pakistan's main port of Karachi.<ref name=telegraph-obit/> He is recognized as the mastermind behind [[Operation Trident (Indo-Pakistani War of 1971)|Operation Trident]] and [[Operation Python]].<ref name=toi-dies>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-13/india/28206433_1_indian-navy-s-m-nanda-admiral-sureesh-mehta|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103234407/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-13/india/28206433_1_indian-navy-s-m-nanda-admiral-sureesh-mehta|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-01-03|title=Former Naval chief S M Nanda dies|date=2009-05-13|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2011-11-22}}</ref> The plan for the operations included towing the limited-range {{sclass|Vidyut|missile boat|1}}s, primarily designed for coastal defence, to about {{convert|250|nmi|km}} south of Karachi during the day, out of range of the [[Pakistan Air Force]] aircraft.<ref name=is-bhan>{{cite news | url = http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories548.htm | title = Indian Navy's War Hero passes away: Cmde Babru Yadav led the Missile Boat Attack on Karachi in 1971 | publisher = India Strategic | date = April 2010 | access-date = 2011-07-21 | archive-date = 4 October 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111004174807/http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories548.htm | url-status = live }}</ref> The missile boats then closed in on Karachi port at night and attacked naval targets as well as the oil tank farm at Keamari. Operation Trident was successfully executed on 4 December 1971, sinking the Pakistan Navy destroyer {{ship|PNS|Khaibar|1956|6}}, minesweeper {{ship|PNS|Muhafiz||6}}, an ammunition-carrying ship MV ''Venus Challenger'' and irreparably damaging another destroyer {{ship|PNS|Shah Jahan|DD-962|6}} as well as destroying numerous oil storage tanks. [[Operation Python]] was again successfully carried out on 8 December 1971.

On the Eastern front, Nanda made the decision to deploy the aircraft carrier INS ''Vikrant'' into the shallower waters of the Gulf of Bengal off [[Dhaka]], to prevent the risk of a submarine attack. When concerns were raised about Vikrant's boilers being cracked, he took personal responsibility for the risk of a boiler explosion and [[aircraft catapult|catapult]] failure on the carrier. His gambit paid off, as Vikrant was able to successfully enforce the blockade of East Pakistan without any such damage to the carrier.

The war lasted less than a fortnight and saw more than 90,000 Pakistani soldiers taken prisoner. It ended with the unconditional surrender of Pakistan's eastern half and resulted in the birth of Bangladesh as a new nation.{{Sfn|Singh|2005|pp=210–211}} In addition to the POWs, Pakistan suffered 6,000 casualties against India's 2,000.<ref name="Three Indian Blunders in the 1971 War">{{cite web|author1=Athale, Anil|title=Three Indian blunders in the 1971 war|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-three-indian-blunders-in-the-1971-war/20111212.htm|website=Rediff|access-date=27 November 2016|date=12 December 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123073209/http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-three-indian-blunders-in-the-1971-war/20111212.htm|archive-date=23 November 2016}}</ref> The success of the naval blockades on two fronts is considered one of the primary factors in India's overwhelming victory during the war. For his services to the nation, he was awarded the [[Padma Vibhushan]] in January 1972.<ref name=telegraph-obit/><ref name=pvb-india>{{Cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/myindia/padmavibhushan_awards_list1.php|title=National Portal of India|access-date=19 July 2007|archive-date=27 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427005511/http://india.gov.in/myindia/padmavibhushan_awards_list1.php|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Press Communique |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/RASHTRAPATI%20BHAWAN/1972-JAN-MAY-RASHTRPATI-BHVAN/PDF/RPB-1972-01-15_030.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=15 January 1972}}</ref>
The citation for the Padma Vibhushan reads as follows:{{sfn|Nanda|2004}}
{{Quotation|
{{center|'''CITATION''' 
'''Admiral Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda, PVSM''' }}
Admiral Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda, Chief of the Naval Staff, India, since 1" March 1970, has forged the Indian Navy into an efficient striking force and brought it to the pinnacle of its achievement during the recent conflict with Pakistan.
Admiral Nanda personally directed the re-organisation of the Indian Navy and guided the training of its officers and men. Under his able direction the Pakistan fleet was contained in its harbours and prevented from hitting at our shupping and at our ports.
The Western Fleet mounted two daring attacks, in which ports and shore installations at Karachi were severely damaged and the strength of the Pakistani fleet was seriously crippled.
The Pakistani Naval craft in Bangla Desh and the Bay of Bengal were severely mauled. The Pakistani occupation forces were cut off from their sources of supply and their escape routes were effectively sealed.
The Eastern Fleet provided close support to the combined operations in Bangla Desh and to the liberation struggle.
Admiral Nanda's strategy made it possible for the Indian Navy to dominate both the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea off the Pakistani coast. Pakistani ports were effectively blocked and a number of ships carrying contraband to Pakistan were intercepted. Our own ports remained open to all merchant shipping and the plans of the Pakistani Navy to interfere with our merchant shipping on high seas were effectively frustrated.|sign=|source=}}

==Post-retirement==
Nanda retired from the Indian Navy on 30 August 1973.<ref name="number">{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Navy Branch) |page=397 |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1974/O-1255-1974-0013-55594.pdf |date=30 March 1974 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref> He was appointed chairman and managing director (CMD) of the largest shipping company in India, the [[Shipping Corporation of India]] (SCI) in May 1974.<ref>{{cite web |title=ADMIRAL S.M. NANDA TAKES OVER AS SCI CHAIRMAN |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/TRANSPORT/1974-JAN-DEC-M-SHIPPING-TRANSPORT-1/TRA-1974-05-27_068.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=27 May 1974}}</ref>

==Personal life==
At the age of 21, Nanda was married to Sumitra, a lady chosen by his parents. The marriage was harmonious and lasted all their lives, during which they were fated to suffer many vicissitudes together, ranging from the [[partition of India]] which uprooted them from their native land, to the heights of honour when Nanda became chief of the Indian Navy. The couple were the parents of several children, including a son, [[Suresh Nanda]] (ex-naval officer and businessman) and Beena Mehra, wife of Major Pradeep Kumar Mehra, an army officer and polo enthusiast who founded and ran Usha Stud Farm on the outskirts of Delhi.

Nanda suffered a personal tragedy on 2 January 2002 when his daughter Beena, her husband and their daughter Radhika were killed in a helicopter crash while flying from [[Mussourie]] to [[Dehradun Airport]] after attending a New Year's Day party. Their other two daughters, Ameeta and Devika, survived since they were not on the helicopter; Ameeta Mehra now runs Usha Stud Farm.{{sfn|Nanda|2004|pp=32–33}}

==Controversies==
Following his retirement, Nanda took an executive role with Crown Corporation, an arms trading firm headed by his son [[Suresh Nanda]], which specialized in supply of imported weapons to the Indian Armed Forces.<ref name=teleindia>{{cite news | url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090513/jsp/nation/story_10956579.jsp | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090516034158/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090513/jsp/nation/story_10956579.jsp | url-status = dead | archive-date = 16 May 2009 | title = 'The man who bombed Karachi' dead | publisher = The Telegraph India | date=2009-05-13 | access-date=2011-07-21}}</ref> The organization was surrounded by a controversy when [[Tehelka#Operation West End|Operation West End]] a sting-operation which aimed to expose corruption between India's defence ministry and Crown Corporation. The allegation on Admiral Nanda's son, [[Suresh Nanda]], was closed by CBI when no evidence was found.<ref>{{Cite news|title=CBI closes Barak scandal case for lack of evidence|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/CBI-closes-Barak-scandal-case-for-lack-of-evidence/articleshow/27199226.cms|access-date=5 May 2020|archive-date=9 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709105210/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/CBI-closes-Barak-scandal-case-for-lack-of-evidence/articleshow/27199226.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:The Chief of Naval Staff, Admiral Sureesh Mehta along with other senior officers paying salute to Admiral S.M. Nanda, at Brar Square, in New Delhi on May 12, 2009.jpg|thumb|right|300px|CNS Adm Sureesh Mehta and other Naval Officers paying tribute to Adm Nanda.]]

Another incident that caused turmoil in the family was the [[1999 Delhi hit-and-run case]], which involved Admiral Nanda's grandson Sanjeev Nanda. Sanjeev Nanda was found guilty by the [[Supreme Court of India]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Correspondent |first1=Legal |title=BMW hit-and-run: Court slaps Rs. 50 lakh fine on Nanda |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/BMW-hit-and-run-Court-slaps-Rs.-50-lakh-fine-on-Nanda/article12677698.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=3 August 2012 |access-date=8 May 2020 |archive-date=14 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314174837/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/BMW-hit-and-run-Court-slaps-Rs.-50-lakh-fine-on-Nanda/article12677698.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> The accident and the trial attracted a lot of media attention and became one of the cases that exemplified middle class India's frustration with rich and powerful people being able to circumvent the law.<ref>{{cite web |title=BMW case: Six lives would have been saved if Sanjeev Nanda showed mercy, says Supreme Court |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bmw-case-six-lives-would-have-been-saved-if-sanjeev-nanda-showed-mercy-says-supreme-court-495315 |website=NDTV.com |access-date=8 May 2020 |archive-date=29 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231229201217/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bmw-case-six-lives-would-have-been-saved-if-sanjeev-nanda-showed-mercy-says-supreme-court-495315 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Later years and death==
In the later years of his life, Nanda wrote his autobiography titled ''The Man Who Bombed Karachi: A Memoir.''<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Man Who Bombed Karachi: A Memoir|date=October 2015|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers India|isbn=9788172235628}}</ref> The book provides an insider's account and the reminisces how India adapted an inventive strategy to defeat Pakistan, and the 32 years of his naval career.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Man Who Bombed Karachi: A Memoir {{!}} Hardcover|id={{ASIN|8172235623|country=in}}}}</ref> Nanda participated in interviews on Indian War Heroes, a popular one being the interview by Sushil Sharma in 1997. His tactics in India's victory is still being discussed by channels on YouTube and Indian websites.

Admiral Nanda died in [[New Delhi]] on 11 May 2009 at the age of 93. He was survived by his wife Sumitra Nanda (died Feb 2011), son [[Suresh Nanda]] and grandchildren. His funeral was marked with full [[military funeral|military honours]] at Brar Square Crematorium in New Delhi and was attended by top brass of the Armed Forces.<ref name=toi-death>{{cite web | url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-12/india/28190910_1_indo-pak-war-admiral-s-m-nanda-chief-of-naval-staff | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120913043308/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-12/india/28190910_1_indo-pak-war-admiral-s-m-nanda-chief-of-naval-staff | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2012-09-13 | title= Former Naval chief Admiral S M Nanda passes away | date=2009-05-12 | work = [[The Times of India]] | access-date=2011-07-21}}</ref> [[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] however wrote that it was not as well attended as his naval career mandated.<ref name=telegraph-obit/>

==Awards==
{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|colspan="5"|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Padma Vibhushan Ribbon.svg|width=106}} {{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|width=106}} {{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ati_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|width=106}} {{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=India_General_Service_Medal_1947.svg|width=106}} [[File:IND_Samar_Seva_Star_ribbon.png|105px]]
|-
|colspan="5"|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND_Poorvi_Star_Ribbon.svg|width=106}} {{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND_Paschimi_Star_Ribbon.svg|width=106}} [[File:IND Raksha Medal Ribbon.svg|105px]] [[File:IND Sangram Medal Ribbon.svg|105px]] [[File:Indian Independence medal 1947.svg|105px]]
|-
|colspan="5"|[[File:IND 25th Anniversary Independence medal.svg|105px]] [[File:IND_30_Years_Long_Service_Ribbon.svg|105px]] [[File:IND 20YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|105px]] [[File:IND 9YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|105px]]
|-
|colspan="5"| {{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ribbon_-_1939-45_Star.png|width=106}} {{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ribbon_-_Burma_Star.png|width=106}} {{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ribbon_-_War_Medal.png|width=106}} {{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ribbon_India_Service_Medal.png|width=106}}
|-
|colspan="5"|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Naval_General_Service_Medal_1915_BAR.svg|width=106}} {{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ribbon_-_QE_II_Coronation_Medal.png|width=106}}
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|-
| colspan= "1"| [[Padma Vibhushan]]
| colspan= "1"| [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]
| colspan= "1"| [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
| colspan="1"| [[General Service Medal 1947]]
| colspan="1"| [[Samar Seva Star]]
|-
| colspan="1"| [[Poorvi Star]]
| colspan="1"| [[Paschimi Star]]
| colspan="1"| [[Raksha Medal]]
| colspan="1"| [[Sangram Medal]]
| colspan="1"| [[Indian Independence Medal]]
|-
| colspan="1"| [[Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces|25th Independence Anniversary Medal]]
|colspan= "2"|[[Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces#Long service awards|30 Years Long Service Medal]]
| colspan="1"| [[Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces#Long service awards|20 Years Long Service Medal]]
| colspan="1"| [[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|9 Years Long Service Medal]]
|-
| colspan="1"| [[1939–45 Star]]
|colspan= "2"|[[Burma Star]]
| colspan="1"| [[War Medal 1939–1945]]
| colspan="1"| [[India Service Medal]]
|-
|colspan= "3"|[[Naval General Service Medal (1915)]]
|colspan= "2"|[[Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal]]
|}

Source:<ref>{{cite tweet |number=1392180530813145092 |user=srikantkesnur |title=…was the architect of Indian Navy's spectacular show… |archive-date=May 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511181135/https://twitter.com/srikantkesnur/status/1392180530813145092 |url-status=live |access-date=June 13, 2023 |lang=en |url=https://mobile.twitter.com/srikantkesnur/status/1392180530813145092/photo/4}}</ref>

==Dates of rank==
{|class="wikitable" style="background:white"
! Insignia !! Rank !! Component !! Date of rank
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British Royal Navy OF-1b-collected.svg|70px]] || [[Sub-lieutenant]] || [[Royal Indian Navy]] || 11 October 1941 (acting){{sfn|Nanda|2004|p=31}}
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British Royal Navy OF-2-collected.svg|70px]] || [[Lieutenant (navy)|Lieutenant]] || [[Royal Indian Navy]] || 11 October 1942 (acting)<ref name="Navy List" /> 19 October 1946 (substantive){{sfn|Nanda|2004|p=54}}
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British Royal Navy OF-3-collected.svg|70px]] || [[Lieutenant commander]] || [[Royal Indian Navy]] || 1948 (acting) 30 June 1949 (substantive)
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British Royal Navy OF-4-collected.svg|70px]] || [[Commander]] || [[Royal Indian Navy]] || 30 June 1949 (acting)
|-
|align="center" |[[File:09-Indian_Navy-CDR.svg|35px]][[File:British_Royal_Navy_(sleeves)_OF-4.svg|35px]] || [[Commander]] || [[Indian Navy]] || 26 January 1950 (recommissioning and change in insignia)<ref name="insignia_designs">{{cite web|title=New Designs of Crests and Badges in the Services|url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveFirstPhase/HOME%20AFFAIRS/1950/HOM-1950-01-06_484.pdf|website=Press Information Bureau of India – Archive|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808193914/http://pib.nic.in/archive/docs/DVD_38/ACC%20NO%20807-BR/HOM-1950-01-06_484.pdf|archive-date=8 August 2017}}</ref> 31 December 1950 (substantive)<ref name="ag Cdr"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:10-Indian_Navy-CAPT.svg|35px]] [[File:British_Royal_Navy_(sleeves)_OF-5.svg|35px]] || [[Captain (Indian Navy)|Captain]] || [[Indian Navy]] || 15 February 1954 (acting){{sfn|Nanda|2004|p=85}} 31 December 1954<ref name="Substantive Capt" />
|-
|align="center" |[[File:11-Indian_Navy-CDRE.svg|35px]] [[File:British_Royal_Navy_(sleeves)_OF-6.svg|35px]] || [[Commodore (India)|Commodore]] || [[Indian Navy]] || September 1956 (2nd class)<ref name="Commodore 2nd class"/> February 1962 (substantive){{sfn|Abidi|Sharma|2007|p=25}}
|-
|align="center" |[[File:12-Indian_Navy-RADM.svg|35px]] [[File:British_Royal_Navy_(sleeves)_OF-7.svg|35px]] || [[Rear admiral (India)|Rear admiral]] || [[Indian Navy]] || 14 May 1962 (acting)<ref name="Ag RAdm" /> 16 June 1964 (substantive)<ref name="Substantive RAdm"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:13-Indian_Navy-VADM.svg|35px]] [[File:British_Royal_Navy_(sleeves)_OF-8.svg|35px]] || [[Vice Admiral (India)|Vice admiral]] || [[Indian Navy]] || 1 March 1968<ref name="VAdm"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:14-Indian_Navy-ADM.svg|35px]] [[File:British_Royal_Navy_(sleeves)_OF-9.svg|35px]] || [[Admiral (India)|Admiral]] || [[Indian Navy]] || 1 March 1970<ref name="Adm"/>
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Field marshal (India)|Field Marshal]] [[Sam Manekshaw]]
* [[Air Chief Marshal (India)|Air Chief Marshal]] [[Pratap Chandra Lal]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
*{{citation|first1=S.M.|last1=Nanda|title=The man who bombed Karachi|year=2004|isbn= 978-8172235628|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers India}}
*{{citation|first1=Satyindra|last1=Singh|title=Under two ensigns: The Indian Navy, 1945–1950|year=1986|isbn= 978-8120400948|publisher=Oxford & IBH Pub. Co}}
*{{citation|first1=Satyindra|last1=Singh|title=Blueprint to bluewater: The Indian Navy, 1951–65|year=1991|isbn= 978-8170621485|publisher=Lancer International}}
*{{citation|first1=S Sartaj Alam|last1=Abidi|first2= Satinder|last2=Sharma|title=Services Chiefs of India|year=2007|isbn=978-8172111625|publisher=Northern Book Centre}}
*{{citation|first1=Ram Dass|last1=Katari|title=A Sailor Remembers|year=1983|isbn=9780706920642|publisher=Vikas}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Benjamin Abraham Samson]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief of Personnel (India)|Chief of Personnel]]|years=1954–1956}}
{{s-aft|after=[[G. S. Kapoor]]}}
{{s-new|reason=First holder}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Commanding Officer]] {{INS|Mysore|C60|6}}|years=1956–1958}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Sourendra Nath Kohli]]}}
{{s-bef|before=B N Lele}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief of Materiel (India)|Chief of Materiel]]|years=1962–1962}}
{{s-aft|after=C L Bhandari}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Adhar Kumar Chatterji]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff]]|years=1962–1964}}
{{s-aft|rows=2|after=[[Sourendra Nath Kohli]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Benjamin Abraham Samson]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Flag Officer Commanding Indian Fleet]]|years=1966–1967}}
{{s-bef|before=R S David}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Western Naval Command#List of Commanders|Flag Officer Bombay]]|years=1967–1968}}
{{s-non|reason=Office abolished}}
{{s-new|reason=Office created}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Naval Command]]|years=1968–1970}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Nilakanta Krishnan]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Adhar Kumar Chatterji]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval Staff]]|years=1970–1973}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Sourendra Nath Kohli]]}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Chandrika Prasad Srivastava]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Chairman and Managing Director, [[Shipping Corporation of India]]|years=1974–1977}}
{{s-aft|after=Krishan Dev}}
{{s-end}}

{{Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(India)}}
{{Indo-Pakistani War of 1971}}
{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nanda, Sardarilal Mathradas}}
[[Category:1915 births]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in civil service]]
[[Category:Chiefs of the Naval Staff (India)]]
[[Category:Indian Navy admirals]]
[[Category:Royal Indian Navy officers]]
[[Category:Flag Officers Commanding Indian Fleet]]
[[Category:Deputy chiefs of Naval Staff (India)]]
[[Category:Indian military personnel of the India–Pakistan war of 1971]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Admirals of the India–Pakistan war of 1971]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Royal College of Defence Studies]]
[[Category:Chiefs of Materiel (India)]]
[[Category:Chiefs of Personnel (India)]]
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]
[[Category:Punjabi Hindus]]

Royal Global University

2026-03-18T12:11:55Z

Dranvesh: fix citations based on references and fixed typos per sources

{{Short description|Indian private university in Assam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox university
|name = Royal Global University
|native_name =
|motto =
|motto_lang =
|mottoeng =
|established = {{Start date and age|df=yes|paren=yes|2013}}
|type = [[State Private University]]
|chancellor = A. K. Pansari
|vice_chancellor = S. P. Singh
|campus = Urban
|free_label =
|free =
|website = {{URL|http://www.rgu.ac}}
|logo =
|image_name =
|coordinates =
|affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]
|location = Betkuchi, near CBI office [[Guwahati, Assam]], India
}}

'''Royal Global University (RGU)''' , officially established as '''The Assam Royal Global University''', is a state [[Private university, India|private university]] in [[Assam]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-04 |title=Assam: Royal Global University Ranked Number no.1 in Assam by EW India {{!}} Arunachal24 |url=https://arunachal24.in/assam-royal-global-university-ranked-number-no-1-in-assam-by-ew-india/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> The Assam Royal Global University, under the Umbrella of Royal Group of Institutions has been established by The Assam Royal Global University Bill, passed by the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] and the same has been assented by the Honorable Governor of Assam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.guwahatiplus.com/daily-news/guwahati-based-royal-group-to-donate-1-crore-towards-corona-relief|title = Guwahati Based Royal Group to Donate ₹1 Crore Towards Corona Relief}}</ref> The Assam Royal Global University Act, 2013 has been notified by the Government in the [[Assam Gazette]]. It is located in Betkuchi, opposite to Balaji Temple, [[Guwahati]]. Mr. A.K. Pansari is the chancellor of Royal Global University, Prof. (Dr.) S.P. Singh is the vice-chancellor and Mr. A.K. Modi is the pro chancellor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/uni_contactinfo.aspx?id=867|title = Untitled Page}}</ref> Royal Global University also has a Ph.D. Cell to act as the central hub for research activities across courses offered by the university.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-07 |title=Inauguration Of Ph.D. Cell For Royal Global University |url=https://www.northeasternchronicle.in/news/inauguration-of-ph-d-cell-marks-a-milestone-for-royal-global-university/ |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=www.northeasternchronicle.in |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Academics==
Royal Global University (RGU) with 13 institutions under it. The Royal Group of Institutions was established in 2009, offering courses in Engineering, Management, Architecture and Commerce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Royal Global University launched in Assam |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/royal-global-university-launched-in-assam-with-13-institutions-117021300468_1.html |website=Business Standard}}</ref>
The schools under RGU are :
*Royal School of Applied and Pure Sciences (RSAPS)
*Royal School Of Architecture (RSA)
*Royal School Of Design (RSD)
*Royal School Of Behavioral & Allied Sciences (RSBAS)
*Royal School of Engineering & Technology (RSET)
*Royal School of Business (RSB)
*Royal School of Commerce (RSC)
*Royal School of Communication & Media (RSCOM)
*Royal School of Fashion Designing & Technology (RSFT)
*Royal School of Fine Arts (RSFA)
*Royal School of Information Technology (RSIT)
*Royal School of Language (RSL)
*Royal School of Law and Administration (RSLA)
*Royal School of Performing Arts (RSPA)
*Royal School of Humanities and Social Sciences (RSHSS)
*Royal School of Pharmacy (RSP)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.rgu.ac/ Official Website]

{{Universities in Assam}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Private universities in India]]
[[Category:Universities in Assam]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Guwahati]]
[[Category:2013 establishments in Assam]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2013]]

{{Assam-university-stub}}

Betel

2026-03-16T18:57:10Z

Dranvesh: further adjust references per standard format and improved wording

{{Short description|Species of plant}}
{{Distinguish|betel nut|text=[[betel nut]], which is the fruit of the areca palm}}
{{About||the mixture of betel leaf and areca nut|Betel nut chewing|the biblical place|Bethel}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Piper betle plant.jpg
| image2 = Betel Piper betle.jpg
| genus = Piper
| species = betle
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
}}

'''Betel''' ('''''Piper betle''''') is a species of flowering plant in the pepper family [[Piperaceae]], native to Southeast Asia. It is an evergreen, [[dioecious]]<ref name="RimandoHan1986"/> vine, with glossy heart-shaped leaves and white [[catkin]]s. Betel plants are cultivated for their leaves, which are most commonly used as flavoring for chewing [[areca nut]] in so-called ''betel quid'' (often confusingly referred to as "betel nut"), which is toxic (as it is a psychostimulant drug) and is associated with a wide range of serious health conditions.

==Etymology==
The term [[wikt:betel|betel]] was derived from the [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]/[[Tamil language|Tamil]] word ''vettila'' via Portuguese.<ref>{{Cite OED | betel }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Portuguese Vocables in Asiatic Languages: From the Portuguese Original of M S R Dalgado |year=1988 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |location=New Delhi |isbn=812060413X}}</ref>

==Distribution==
''Piper betle'' is originally native to Southeast Asia, from [[India]], [[Philippines]], [[Timor-Leste]] and [[Indonesia]] and [[Peninsular Malaysia]] to [[Indochina]], [[Vietnam]], [[Cambodia]], [[Laos]], [[Thailand]], and [[Myanmar]]. Its cultivation has spread along with the [[Austronesian expansion|Austronesian migrations]] and [[Austronesian maritime trade network|trade]] to other parts of [[Island Southeast Asia]], [[Papua New Guinea]] and [[Melanesia]], [[Micronesia]], [[South Asia]], the [[Maldives]], [[Mauritius]], [[Réunion Island]], and [[Madagascar]]. It was introduced during the [[Colonial Era]] to the [[Caribbean]] by [[Indo-Caribbeans|Indian indentured immigrants]].<ref name="powo">{{cite web |title=''Piper betle'' L. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/680605-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=23 April 2022}}</ref><ref name="Zumbroich2007">{{cite journal |last1=Zumbroich |first1=Thomas J. |title=The origin and diffusion of betel chewing: a synthesis of evidence from South Asia, Southeast Asia and beyond |journal=eJournal of Indian Medicine |date=2007–2008 |volume=1 |pages=87–140 |url=https://ugp.rug.nl/eJIM/article/download/24712/22162}}</ref>

==Cultivation==
[[File:Arecanutconsum1.PNG|thumb|left|350px|Betel leaf and Areca nut consumption in the world]]
The betel leaf is cultivated mostly in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, from [[India]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Betel-leaf farming in coastal area|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/33381/betel-leaf-farming-in-coastal-area|access-date=30 October 2014|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=13 May 2002}}</ref> to [[Papua New Guinea]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Cassey|first1=Brian|title=Chewing over a betel ban|url=http://www.smh.com.au/world/chewing-over-a-betel-ban-20131108-2x6ra.html|access-date=30 October 2014|work=Sydney Morning Herald|date=9 November 2013}}</ref> It needs a compatible tree or a long pole for support. Betel requires well-drained fertile soil. Waterlogged, [[Soil salinity|saline]] and [[alkali soil]]s are unsuitable for its cultivation.<ref name=LK/>

In [[Bangladesh]], farmers called ''barui''<ref name="barouj">{{cite book |last=Karim |first=ASM Enayet |year=2012 |chapter=Pan1 |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Pan1 |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> prepare a garden called a ''barouj'' in which to grow betel. The ''barouj'' is fenced with [[bamboo]] sticks and [[coconut]] leaves. The soil is plowed into furrows of 10 to 15 m length, 75 cm in width and 75 cm depth. [[Press cake|Oil cakes]], [[manure]], and leaves are thoroughly incorporated with the [[topsoil]] of the furrows and [[wood ash]]. The cuttings are planted at the beginning of the [[monsoon]] season.

[[File:Betel Plant.JPG|thumb|Betel plant cultivation in Bangladesh]]
[[File:Betel in Kolkata market.jpg|thumb|Betel leaves in Kolkata market, West Bengal, India]]
Proper shade and [[irrigation]] are essential for the successful cultivation of this crop. Betel needs constantly moist soil, but there should not be excessive moisture. Irrigation is frequent and light, and standing water should not remain for more than half an hour.

Dried leaves and wood ash are applied to the furrows at fortnightly intervals and cow dung slurry is sprinkled. Application of different kinds of leaves at monthly intervals is believed advantageous for the growth of the betel. In three to six months, the vines reach {{Convert|150 to 180|cm|abbr=on}} in height, and they will branch. Harvest begins with the farmer plucking the leaf and its [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]] with his right thumb. The harvest lasts 15 days to one month. The betel plant has made its way to research labs of many Bangladesh chemical and food nutrition companies.

The harvested leaves are consumed locally and exported to other parts of Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the Americas. Betel is grown and cultivated as an important crop in rural Bangladesh.{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}

==Cultural significance==
{{Main|Betel nut chewing}}
The primary use of betel leaf is as a wrapper for the [[paan|chewing]] of [[areca nut]], or in modern times, [[tobacco]], where it is mainly used to add flavour. The practice is thought to have originated in the [[Philippines]] around 5,000 years ago, where till date, the oldest remains of areca nuts and [[calcium]] from crushed sea shells have been found in the [[Duyong Cave]] archaeological site. It spread along with the [[Austronesian Expansion|Austronesian migrations]] to the rest of [[Southeast Asia]], [[Taiwan]], [[South China]], and [[South Asia]]. It is unknown when or why betel leaves were first combined with areca nuts, since areca nuts can be chewed alone.<ref name="Zumbroich2007"/>

While the practice of chewing betel leaf existed even before the [[common era]], with attested references from at least the 3rd century CE, the ingredient mix (paan/betel quid) it was chewed with changed over time.<ref name="scripta_mode_history">{{cite journal |doi=10.30674/scripta.67450 |title=Modes of betel leaf consumption in early India. |year=2015 |last1=Gutierrez |first1=Andrea |journal=[[Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis]] |volume=26 |pages=114–34|doi-access=free }}</ref> [[Areca nut]], [[calcium hydroxide]] and [[catechu]] were the historic ingredients, as referenced in texts from 9th century CE. Tobacco started to feature in the 20th century.<ref name="scripta_mode_history"/><ref name="sa_cancer">{{cite journal |doi=10.4103/2278-330X.114120 |title=Betel leaf: Revisiting the benefits of an ancient Indian herb |year=2013 |last1=Toprani |first1=Rajendra |last2=Patel |first2=Daxesh |journal=South Asian Journal of Cancer |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=140–141|doi-broken-date=11 July 2025 |pmid=24455591 |pmc=3892533 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The practice of chewing betel leaf is on the decline, and now quid consisting of tobacco, areca nut, and [[limewater]], known as [[gutka]], is more popular.<ref name="sa_cancer"/>

In [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]], a sheaf of betel leaves is traditionally offered as a mark of respect and auspicious beginnings. Occasions include greeting elders at wedding ceremonies, celebrating the New Year, and offering payment to physicians and astrologers, to whom money and/or areca nut, placed on top of the sheaf of leaves, are offered in thanks for blessings. In Bengali weddings, the bride is brought to the groom, seated on a platform and her face covered in betel leaves.

In [[Papua New Guinea]] and the [[Solomon Islands]], the [[inflorescence]] stalk of the betel tree, known as ''daka'' or "mustard stick", is consumed together with the leaves.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bicon.agriculture.gov.au/BiconWeb4.0/ImportConditions/Conditions?EvaluatableElementId=505572&Path=UNDEFINED&UserContext=External&EvaluationStateId=c07f9c08-7e77-4e40-922a-69f1723b0f6f&CaseElementPk=1426181&EvaluationPhase=ImportDefinition&HasAlerts=False&HasChangeNotices=False&IsAEP=False|title=BICON - Import Conditions - Conditions|website=bicon.agriculture.gov.au|accessdate=11 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://coraltriangle.blogs.panda.org/coral-reefs/making-lime-for-betelnut-chewing-in-mbuke-manus-png|title=Making Lime for Betelnut Chewing in M'Buke, Manus, PNG|date=25 July 2010|website=WWF Coral Triangle Blog|accessdate=11 March 2023}}</ref>

It may also be used in cooking, usually raw, for its peppery taste. Use of ''binlang'', or betel, has over a 300-year history in areas of China, where it was once promoted for medicinal use.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Levin |first1=Dan |title=Despite Risks, an Addictive Treat Fuels a Chinese City |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/20/world/asia/20hunan.html |access-date=16 November 2019 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=19 August 2010}}</ref>

==Health effects==
Red betel leaf is sometimes used as an antibacterial mouthwash.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Heliawati L, Lestari S, Hasanah U, Ajiati D, Kurnia D |title=Phytochemical Profile of Antibacterial Agents from Red Betel Leaf (Piper crocatum Ruiz and Pav) against Bacteria in Dental Caries |journal=Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) |volume=27 |issue=9 |date=2022 |page=2861 |pmid=35566225 |pmc=9101570 |doi=10.3390/molecules27092861|doi-access=free }}</ref> While chewing or consuming betel leaf on its own has no known negative effect and have been shown to be chemopreventive in animal models,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Toprani |first1=Rajendra |last2=Patel |first2=Daxesh |title=Betel leaf: Revisiting the benefits of an ancient Indian herb |journal=South Asian Journal of Cancer |date=2013 |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=140–141 |pmid=24455591|pmc=3892533 |doi=10.4103/2278-330X.114120 |doi-broken-date=3 December 2025 |doi-access=free }}</ref> it is most often used to wrap ''betel quid'' for chewing, which also contains the carcinogenic and mildly narcotic areca nut.<ref name=Monte2020/> Habitual use of this popular product (sometimes inaccurately referred to as "betel nut") damages the [[oral cavity]] and is associated with a wide range of adverse systemic health effects, including harm to the [[cardiovascular]] and [[central nervous]] systems.<ref name=Monte2020>{{cite journal |vauthors=de la Monte SM, Moriel N, Lin A, Abdullah Tanoukhy N, Homans C, Gallucci G, Tong M, Saito A |title=Betel Quid Health Risks of Insulin Resistance Diseases in Poor Young South Asian Native and Immigrant Populations |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |volume=17 |issue=18 |date=2020 |page=6690 |pmid=32937888 |pmc=7558723 |doi=10.3390/ijerph17186690|doi-access=free }}</ref> Chewing paan (betel quid) is strongly associated with a higher risk of developing [[head and neck cancer]],<ref name="NCIfact">{{cite web |date=29 March 2017 |title=Head and Neck Cancers |url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/head-neck-fact-sheet |website=[[National Cancer Institute|NCI]] |access-date=7 February 2021}}</ref> as well as [[Oropharyngeal cancer|oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC)]], a form of cancer that affects the [[Oropharynx|mouth, tonsils, and throat]].<ref name="StatPearls 2020">{{cite book |last1=A |first1=Fatima |last2=Zohaib |first2=J |title=Definitions |chapter=Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma |date=4 December 2020 |chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563268/ |work=StatPearls |place=Treasure Island (FL) |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |edition=Updated |id=Bookshelf ID: NBK563268 |doi=10.32388/G6TG1L |pmid=33085415 |s2cid=229252540 |via=[[NCBI]] |access-date=7 February 2021}}</ref> Multiple studies demonstrate that betel quid without added tobacco also causes [[esophageal cancer]], and in some instances, [[liver cancer]].<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70326-2 |title=A review of human carcinogens—Part E: tobacco, areca nut, alcohol, coal smoke, and salted fish |year=2009 |first1=Béatrice |last1=Secretan |first2=Kurt |last2=Straif |first3=Robert |last3=Baan |first4=Yann |last4=Grosse |first5=Fatiha |last5=El Ghissassi |first6=Véronique |last6=Bouvard |first7=Lamia |last7=Benbrahim-Tallaa |first8=Neela |last8=Guha |first9=Crystal |last9=Freeman |first10=Laurent |last10=Galichet |first11=Vincent |last11=Cogliano |journal=The Lancet Oncology |url=https://academic.oup.com/carcin/article/8/5/741/2478262?login=true |volume=10 |issue=11 |pages=1033–1034|pmid=19891056 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Betel quid chewing can also cause [[stillbirth]], [[Preterm birth|premature birth]], and [[low birth weight]].<ref name="VidyasagaranSiddiqi201622">{{cite journal |last1=Vidyasagaran |first1=A. L. |last2=Siddiqi |first2=K. |last3=Kanaan |first3=M. |year=2016 |title=Use of smokeless tobacco and risk of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis |url=http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/101100/1/EJPC_D_16_00085_R1_2016.pdf |journal=European Journal of Preventive Cardiology |volume=23 |issue=18 |pages=1970–1981 |doi=10.1177/2047487316654026 |issn=2047-4873 |pmid=27256827 |s2cid=206820997}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Senn |first1=M. |last2=Baiwog |first2=F. |last3=Winmai |first3=J. |last4=Mueller |first4=I. |last5=Rogerson |first5=S. |last6=Senn |first6=N. |year=2009 |title=Betel nut chewing during pregnancy, Madang province, Papua New Guinea |journal=Drug and Alcohol Dependence |volume=105 |issue=1–2 |pages=126–31 |doi=10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.06.021 |pmid=19665325}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yang |first1=Mei-Sang |last2=Lee |first2=Chien-Hung |last3=Chang |first3=Shun-Jen |last4=Chung |first4=Tieh-Chi |last5=Tsai |first5=Eing-Mei |last6=Ko |first6=Allen Min-Jen |last7=Ko |first7=Ying-Chin |year=2008 |title=The effect of maternal betel quid exposure during pregnancy on adverse birth outcomes among aborigines in Taiwan |journal=Drug and Alcohol Dependence |volume=95 |issue=1–2 |pages=134–9 |doi=10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.01.003 |pmid=18282667}}</ref>

The [[International Agency for Research on Cancer]] (IARC) and the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) accept the scientific evidence that chewing tobacco and areca nut is [[carcinogenic]] to humans.<ref name=WHOCancer>{{cite book|title=Betel-quid and areca-nut chewing and some areca-nut-derived Nitrosamines|author=IARC Working Group|publisher=The World Health Organization|url=http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol85/mono85.pdf|isbn=9789283215851}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2008: the MPOWER package |year=2008 |publisher=World Health Organization |location=Geneva |isbn=978-92-4-159628-2 |url=https://www.who.int/tobacco/mpower/mpower_report_full_2008.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080308173338/http://www.who.int/tobacco/mpower/mpower_report_full_2008.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 8, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1136/bmj.324.7341.799 |title=Areca nut use: An independent risk factor for oral cancer |year=2002 |last1=Warnakulasuriya |first1=S. |journal=BMJ |volume=324 |issue=7341 |pages=799–800 |pmid=11934759 |last2=Trivedy |first2=C |last3=Peters |first3=TJ |pmc=1122751}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first1=Bhavana J. |last1=Dave |first2=Amit H. |last2=Trivedi |first3=Siddharth G. |last3=Adhvatyu |year=1992 |title=Role of areca nut consumption in the cause of oral cancers. A cytogenetic assessment |journal=Cancer |volume=70 |issue=5 |pages=1017–23 |pmid=1515978 |doi=10.1002/1097-0142(19920901)70:5<1017::AID-CNCR2820700502>3.0.CO;2-#|s2cid=196365532 }}</ref> As with [[chewing tobacco]], chewing betel quid is discouraged by [[preventive healthcare]] efforts.<ref name="StatPearls 2020"/> While various scales exist to measure betel quid dependency, more comprehensive and validated tools are needed to assess this dependency effectively across different populations.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deshpande |first1=Ashwini |last2=Nagi |first2=Ravleen |last3=Byatnal |first3=Amit |last4=Lingappa |first4=Ashok |last5=Ashok |first5=Sujatha |last6=Sahu |first6=Pitambra |date=2023 |title=Instruments to Measure Betel Quid Dependency among Young and Adult Chewers – A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis |journal=Contemporary Clinical Dentistry |language=en |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=180–190 |doi=10.4103/ccd.ccd_101_23 |doi-access=free |issn=0976-237X |pmc=10699192 |pmid=38075534}}</ref>

==Chemical composition==
Chemistry of betel leaf varies geographically and is mostly [[chavibetol]] dominant.<ref name="RimandoHan1986">{{cite journal|last1=Rimando|first1=Agnes M.|last2=Han|first2=Byung Hoon|last3=Park|first3=Jeong Hill|last4=Cantoria|first4=Magdalena C.|title=Studies on the constituents of Philippine ''Piper betle'' leaves|journal=Archives of Pharmacal Research|volume=9|issue=2|year=1986|pages=93–97|issn=0253-6269|doi=10.1007/BF02857217|s2cid=98263258}}</ref><ref name="NepaliBetelConstituent">{{Cite journal|url=https://aromaticplant.org/pdfs/piper-betle.pdf|title=Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Nepalese Piper betle L.|accessdate=11 March 2023}}{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> [[Safrole]] is a major component of Sri Lankan ''Piper betle''.<ref name="pmid22279373">{{cite journal |vauthors=Arambewela LS, Arawwawala LD, Kumaratunga KG, Dissanayake DS, Ratnasooriya WD, Kumarasingha SP |title=Investigations on ''Piper betle'' grown in Sri Lanka |journal=[[Pharmacognosy Reviews]] |volume=5 |issue=10 |pages=159–63 |date=July 2011 |pmid=22279373 |pmc=3263050 |doi=10.4103/0973-7847.91111 |issn= |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[Eugenol]], [[isoeugenol]], and [[germacrene D]] are other dominant compounds in other chemotypes.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dwivedi |first1=Vandana |last2=Tripathi |first2=Shalini |title=Review study on potential activity of Piper betle |journal=Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry |date=2014 |volume=3 |pages=93–98 |url=https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2014/vol3issue4/PartB/17.1.pdf |access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref>

Leaves also contain [[eugenol]], [[chavicol]], [[hydroxychavicol]],<ref name="pmid19387769">{{cite journal |vauthors=Murata K, Nakao K, Hirata N, Namba K, Nomi T, Kitamura Y, Moriyama K, Shintani T, Iinuma M, Matsuda H |title=Hydroxychavicol: a potent xanthine oxidase inhibitor obtained from the leaves of betel, Piper betle |journal=[[Journal of Natural Medicines]] |volume=63 |issue=3 |pages=355–9 |date=July 2009 |pmid=19387769 |doi=10.1007/s11418-009-0331-y |s2cid=19647900 |issn=}}</ref><ref name="pmid30169967">{{cite journal |vauthors=Atiya A, Sinha BN, Lal UR |title=The new ether derivative of phenylpropanoid and bioactivity was investigated from the leaves of Piper betle L |journal=[[Natural Product Research]] |volume=34 |issue=5 |pages=638–645 |date=March 2020 |pmid=30169967 |doi=10.1080/14786419.2018.1495634 |s2cid=52139286 |issn=|url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/7037525 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> and [[caryophyllene]].<ref name="NepaliBetelConstituent" />

Stems contain [[phytosterols]] ([[β-sitosterol]], [[daucosterol|β-daucosterol]], [[stigmasterol]] etc.), [[alkaloids]] ([[piperine]], [[pellitorine]], [[piperdardine]], [[guineensine]] etc.), [[lignan]] ([[pinoresinol]]) and other components. Some of them are [[oleanolic acid]], dehydropipernonaline, piperolein-B, bornyl ''cis''-4-hydroxycinnamate and bornyl ''p''-coumarate.<ref name="pmid19764326">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yin Y, Huang XZ, Wang J, Dai JH, Liang H, Dai Y |title=[Studies on the chemical constituents of the stems of Piper betle] |language=Chinese |journal= Zhong Yao Cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials |volume=32 |issue=6 |pages=887–90 |date=June 2009 |pmid=19764326 |issn=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21137339">{{cite journal |vauthors=Huang X, Yin Y, Huang W, Sun K, Cheng C, Bai L, Dai Y |title=[Alkaloids and lignans from stems of Piper betle] |language=Chinese |journal= Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi = Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi = China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica |volume=35 |issue=17 |pages=2285–8 |date=September 2010 |pmid=21137339 |issn=}}</ref><ref name="pmid32466337">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wu YJ, Su TR, Chang CI, Chen CR, Hung KF, Liu C |title=(+)-Bornyl p-Coumarate Extracted from Stem of Piper betle Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy in Melanoma Cells |journal=[[International Journal of Molecular Sciences]] |volume=21 |issue=10 |date=May 2020 |page=3737 |pmid=32466337 |pmc=7279146 |doi=10.3390/ijms21103737 |issn=|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="pmid29734677">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yang TY, Wu YJ, Chang CI, Chiu CC, Wu ML |title=The Effect of Bornyl cis-4-Hydroxycinnamate on Melanoma Cell Apoptosis Is Associated with Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress |journal=[[International Journal of Molecular Sciences]] |volume=19 |issue=5 |date=May 2018 |page=1370 |pmid=29734677 |pmc=5983650 |doi=10.3390/ijms19051370 |issn=|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Roots contain aristololactam A-II, a [[phenylpropene]], 4-allyl resorcinol and a diketosteroid stigmast-4-en-3,6-dione.<ref name="pmid18007349">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ghosh K, Bhattacharya TK |title=Chemical constituents of ''Piper betle'' Linn. (Piperaceae) roots |journal=[[Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)]] |volume=10 |issue=7 |pages=798–802 |date=August 2005 |pmid=18007349 |pmc=6147577 |doi=10.3390/10070798 |url= |issn= |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Its [[essential oil]] consists of 50 different compounds, of which major components are eugenol, caryophyllene, [[terpinolene]], [[terpinene]], [[cadinene]], and [[3-carene]].<ref name="DasParida2016">{{cite journal|last1=Das|first1=Suryasnata|last2=Parida|first2=Reena|last3=Sandeep|first3=I. Sriram|last4=Kar|first4=Basudev|last5=Nayak|first5=Sanghamitra|last6=Mohanty|first6=Sujata|title=Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of some important betel vine landraces|journal=Biologia|volume=71|issue=2|year=2016|pages=128–132|issn=1336-9563|doi=10.1515/biolog-2016-0030|bibcode=2016Biolg..71..128D |s2cid=88132584}}</ref>

==Genome==
The whole genome of Piper Betle has been available since 2023 on NCBI with the Accession number JAURVB000000000<ref name= JAURVB000000000>{{cite web |title=JAURVB000000000 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Traces/wgs/JAURVB01|publisher=NCBI |access-date=16 March 2026}}</ref>

==Economics==
[[File:Betel leaves for selling in the market 01.jpg|thumb|Betel leaves for selling in the market]]

[[File:পান পাতা.jpg|thumb|Betel in [[Bangladesh]]]]
[[File:A Bengali woman selling betel leaves at Howrah station.jpg|thumb|A Bengali woman selling betel leaves in Howrah]]
Betel vines are cultivated throughout southeast Asia, in plots typically 20 to 2,000 square metres (0.005 to 0.5 acre) in size.

Malaysian farmers cultivate four types of betel plants: sirih India, sirih Melayu, sirih Cina and sirih Udang. The harvest is then sold in bundles of leaves, each bundle costing in 2011 between MYR 0.30 and 0.50 ($0.07 and $0.12).

In Sri Lanka, betel is grown all over the country. Commercial production of betel, with bigger leaves with dark green colour combined with thickness, known as "kalu bulath", is confined to a few districts, such as [[Kurunegala District|Kurunagala]], [[Gampaha District|Gampaha]], [[Kegalle District|Kegalle]], [[Kalutara District|Kalutara]] and [[Colombo District|Colombo]].<ref name=LK>{{cite web |title= Betel – Piper Betle L |author= Government of Sri Lanka |url= http://www.exportagridept.gov.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=126&Itemid=159&lang=ta |access-date= 2011-07-31 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160514054345/http://www.exportagridept.gov.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=126&Itemid=159&lang=ta |archive-date= 2016-05-14 |url-status= dead }}</ref> These are sold at a wholesaler in lots of 1,000 leaves. According to a report published by the [[United Nations]] [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] (FAO),<ref>{{cite web|title = Success Case Replication – A Manual for Increasing Farmer Household Income, see case study 12 in the report|author=Jan B. Orsini|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/AC159E/ac159e00.HTM}}</ref> a successful betel farm in Sri Lanka can provide a supplemental income to a farmer by providing six days of work every six months and net income when the leaf prices are attractive.<ref>{{cite web|title=Life in the hill country of Sri Lanka|publisher=The Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations|url=http://www.fao.org/getinvolved/telefood/telefood-projects/slideshows/life-in-the-hill-country-of-sri-lanka/en/|access-date=2011-07-31|archive-date=2010-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202141728/http://www.fao.org/getinvolved/telefood/telefood-projects/slideshows/life-in-the-hill-country-of-sri-lanka/en/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The FAO study found the successful farm's yield to be 18,000 leaves per {{convert|150|sqft|m2}}. The additional salary and income to the Sri Lankan betel grower, assuming he or she provides all needed labor and keeps all net profit, is SL Rs. 1635 per {{convert|150|sqft|m2}} of betel farm every 6 months ($90 per "[[decimal]]" per year, or $9000 per acre per year). If the farmer hires outside labor to tend the betel vines and harvest the crop, the net income to the betel farm owner was SL Rs. 735 per {{convert|150|sqft|m2}} of betel farm every six months ($40 per decimal per year, or $4000 per acre per year). The market prices for betel leaves vary with the wet and dry seasons in Sri Lanka, and in 2010 averaged SL Rs. 200–400 per 1,000 leaves ($1.82 to $3.64 per 1000 leaves).<ref>{{cite web|title=Life in the hill country of Sri Lanka|publisher=The Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations|url=http://www.fao.org/getinvolved/telefood/telefood-projects/slideshows/life-in-the-hill-country-of-sri-lanka/en/|access-date=2011-07-31|archive-date=2010-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202141728/http://www.fao.org/getinvolved/telefood/telefood-projects/slideshows/life-in-the-hill-country-of-sri-lanka/en/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The FAO study assumes no losses from erratic weather and no losses during storage and transportation of perishable betel leaves. These losses are usually between 35% and 70%.<ref name=GUHA/>

In Bangladesh, betel leaf farming yields vary by region and vine variety. In one region where betel leaf cultivation is the main source of income for farmers, a total of 2,825 hectares of land is dedicated to betel vine farming.<ref>{{cite news |title= Betel-leaf farming benefiting farmers |url= http://theindependentbd.com/national/48153-betel-leaf-farming-benefiting-farmers.html |newspaper=The Independent |location=Dhaka |date=6 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315001729/http://theindependentbd.com/national/48153-betel-leaf-farming-benefiting-farmers.html |archive-date=15 March 2012}}</ref> The average production costs for these betel farms in Bangladesh are about Tk 300,000 per hectare ($4,000 per hectare, $16 per decimal). The farm owners can earn a profit of over Tk 100,000 per hectare ($1,334 per hectare, $5.34 per decimal).

In India, a 2006 research reported<ref name=GUHA>{{cite journal |author= P. Guha| year= 2006| title= Betel Leaf – The neglected green gold of India| volume= 19| issue= 2| pages= 87–93| url = http://www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals/JHE/JHE-19-0-000-000-2006-Web/JHE-19-2-000-000-2006-Abstract-PDF/JHE-19-2-087-093-2006-1405-Guha-P/JHE-19-2-087-093-2006-1405-Guha-P-Text.pdf#search=%22betel%20leaf%20neglected%20gold%22}}</ref> betel vines being cultivated on about 55,000 hectares of farmland, with an annual production worth of about IN Rs. 9000 million ($200 million total, averaging $1,455 per acre). The betel farming industry, the report claims, supports about 400,000 – 500,000 agricultural families.

A March 2011 report claims that betel farming is on a decline in India.<ref name=CSE1>{{cite web|title= Too costly to grow| publisher= CSE|url = http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/too-costly-grow }}</ref> While in ideal conditions some farms may gross annual incomes after expenses of over IN Rs. 26,000 per 10 decimal farm ($5,780 per acre), a betel farm's income is highly erratic from year to year, due to varying rainfall patterns, temperature, and spoilage rates of 35% to 70% during transport over poor infrastructure.<ref name= GUHA/> Simultaneously, the demand for betel leaves has been dropping in India due to acceptance of gutkha (chewing tobacco) by consumers over betel leaf-based ‘‘paan’’ preparation.<ref>{{cite web|title= Paan loses flavour|publisher= CSE|url= http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/paan-loses-flavour }}</ref> The report cites betel leaf trading has dropped by 65% from 2000 to 2010 and created an oversupply. As a result, the report claims Indian farmers do not find betel farming lucrative anymore.<ref name=CSE1/>
==Gallery==
{{Gallery
|title=cultivation using 'Paan Baraj' (Bangla: পান বরজ) method
|width=300|height=300
|align=center
|File:A 'Paan Baraj' Interior, photo taken at Howrah District West Bengal India 1.jpg
|Paan 'Baraj interior, Howrah district, West Bengal India
|File:A 'Paan Baraj' Interior, photo taken at Howrah District West Bengal India 2.jpg
|Paan 'Baraj interior, Howrah district, West Bengal India
|File:A 'Paan Baraj' exterior, photo taken at Howrah District West Bengal India.jpg
|A 'Paan Baraj' exterior, photo taken at Howrah District West Bengal India
}}
{{Gallery
|title=Objects and Historical Representation
|width=220 | height=220
|align=center
|File:Tamul Paan2.jpg
|Assamese 'Paan-Tamul' tradition
|File:Trầu cánh phượng.jpg
|A [[Phoenix (mythology)|Phoenix]] wing-shaped betel leaf plate in [[Vietnam]]
|File:Sac à bétel MHNT ETH AC NG 17 Savès.jpg
|Betel bag, New Guinea, nineteenth century [[MHNT]]
|File:William Alexander, A Chinese Peasant Selling Betel, 1793-1794, NGA 143722.jpg
|A Chinese Peasant Selling Betel, 1793–1794, by William Alexander, Department of Prints and Drawings, National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.
}}

==See also==
*[[Kava]]
*[[Khat]]
*[[Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia]]

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=40em}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite web|url=https://oxford.academia.edu/ThomasZumbroich |title=Zumbroich, Thomas J. 2008. The origin and diffusion of betel chewing: A synthesis of evidence from South Asia, Southeast Asia and beyond. E-Journal of Indian Medicine 1(3): 87–140}}
* 'The Art of Chewing Betel', in: Forbes, Andrew, and Henley, David, ''Ancient Chiang Mai'' Volume 3. Chiang Mai, Cognoscenti Books, 2012. ASIN: B006IN1RNW
*{{cite journal |first=P. |last=Guha |title=Betel leaf: The neglected green gold of India |journal=J. Hum. Ecol. |volume=19 |issue=2 |year=2006 |url=http://www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals/JHE/JHE-19-0-000-000-2006-Web/JHE-19-2-000-000-2006-Abstract-PDF/JHE-19-2-087-093-2006-1405-Guha-P/JHE-19-2-087-093-2006-1405-Guha-P-Text.pdf#search=%22betel%20leaf%20neglected%20gold%22 }}
*{{cite journal |first1=Urmila J. |last1=Nair |first2=Günter |last2=Obe |first3=Marlin |last3=Friesen |first4=Mark T. |last4=Goldberg |first5=Helmut |last5=Bartsch |title=Role of Lime in the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species from Betel-Quid Ingredients |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |jstor=3431271 |pmid=1486850 |year=1992 |volume=98 |pages=203–5 |pmc=1519632 |doi=10.1289/ehp.9298203 |doi-broken-date=11 January 2026 |bibcode=1992EnvHP..98..203N }}
*The Merck Manual. Tumours of The head and neck. [http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec08/ch093/ch093a.html Introduction to Inner Ear Disorders - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders]
*[http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol85/index.php Betel-quid and Areca-nut Chewing and Some Areca-nut-derived Nitrosamines], from ''IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans'', Volume 85 (2004)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060217082350/http://www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65/docs_admin/arecanutbetelist.pdf California adds Betel and Areca nut to the list of substances known to cause cancer under TOXIC ENFORCEMENT ACT OF 1986]

== External links ==
{{wiktionary}}
* {{Commons-inline}}

{{Non-timber forest products}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q159532}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Piper (plant)]]
[[Category:Flora of the Indian subcontinent]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants of Asia]]
[[Category:Botanical taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
[[Category:Dioecious plants]]
[[Category:Austronesian agriculture]]
[[Category:Ethnobotany]]

Vishwa Shanti Stupa, Rajgir

2026-03-15T15:02:44Z

Dranvesh:

{{Short description|Indian peace pagoda}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox Tibetan Buddhist monastery
|name =Shanti Stupa
|image = Rajgir - 046 Side View (9242059259).jpg
|image size =
|alt =4
|caption =
|coordinates = {{coord|25|00|44|N|85|44|45|E|type:landmark_region: IN-BR|display=inline,title}}
|map_caption = Location within India
|location_country = India
|location= Ratnagiri Hills, [[Rajgir]], [[Nalanda District]], Bihar, India
|founded_by = [[Nichidatsu Fujii]]
|founded = 1969
|architecture =
|footnotes =
}}'''Vishwa Shanti Stupa''' ('World Peace Stupa') is a large white [[Peace Pagoda]] in [[Rajgir]], [[Nalanda District]], Bihar, near Gitai Mandir. Statues of [[the Buddha]] are mounted on the stupa in four directions. It also has a small [[Buddhist temples in Japan|Japanese Buddhist temple]] with a large park. There is a temple near the stupa where prayers are conducted for universal peace. The initial pagoda was completed in 1969. New initiatives in 1993<ref>M. V. Kamath, ''Gandhi's Coolie: Life & Times of Ramkrishna Bajaj'', p. 354, Allied Publishers, 1988 {{ISBN|81-7023-487-5}}.</ref> resulted in the present form. It is one of around 80 Peace Pagodas which have been built around the world by the neo-Buddhist organisation Nipponzan Myohoji.<ref>J.A. Kempf, ''Silicon Valley Monk: From Metaphysics to Reality on the Buddhist Path'', Dharma Gates Publishing, 2014 {{ISBN|0-9908951-0-6}}.</ref> This was a dream of [[Nichidatsu Fujii]], inspired by [[Mohandas K. Gandhi]], as a reaction to the [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|atomic bombing of Japan]], the first, and more well known, Vishwa Shanti stupa, being built on Ratnagiri Hill in [[Rajgir]].<ref>Aruna Deshpande, ''Buddhist India Rediscovered'', Jaico Publishing House, 2013 {{ISBN|81-8495-247-3}}.</ref>

==The Stupa==
[[File:Rajgir 13 top of Shanti Stupa (31512469735).jpg|thumb]]
[[File:Rajgir lord mahavira.jpg|thumb]]
Located on about the top of the 400 m high [[Rajgir Hills]] in the lush-green valley of Rajgir, the white stupa stands 120 ft tall with a total diameter of 103 ft. The stupa is studded with four gold gilded statues of Buddha, showing four important events of his life. This stupa was constructed by Mackintosh Burn Limited, a renowned PSU construction company under the Government of West Bengal.

==Portrayals in popular culture==
* 1970: The song "O Mere Raja" from the Hindi film [[Johny Mera Naam]] features the stupa and the single-seat ropeway to the peak.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Siby K. Joseph, Bharat Mahodaya (eds), ''Essays in Conflict Resolution'', Institute of Gandhian Studies, 2007

== External links ==

* {{Commons category-inline|Peace Pagoda, Rajgir}}
* [http://www.travelnewsindia.com/bihar-tourism Bihar Tourism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221034432/http://www.travelnewsindia.com/bihar-tourism |date=21 February 2025 }}

[[Category:Stupas in India]]
[[Category:Buddhist buildings and structures]]

{{India-religious-struct-stub}}

Shahjehan Aapa

2026-03-15T04:29:54Z

Dranvesh: Put up a post!

{{Short description|Indian women's rights activist}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Shahjehan Aapa
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth year|1936}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2013|09|08|1936}}
| death_place =
| occupation = [[Women's rights activist]]
| known_for = [[Feminist activism]], Co-founding Shakti Shalini
| awards =
| website =
}}

'''Shahjehan Aapa''' (1936{{snd}}September 8, 2013) was a women’s rights activist from [[India]]. After one of her daughters was murdered in a [[dowry death]], Aapa was inspired to start a life of [[Feminism|feminist activism]], working alongside other Indian women and mothers to combat dowry murders, redress, and sexism in India. In 1987, Shahjehan Aapa co-founded the organization Shakti Shalini, which, centered in [[New Delhi]], works to combat [[gender-based violence]] and provide support to thousands of Indian women.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Frederick |first1=Jennifer K. |last2=Stewart |first2=Abigail J. |date=May 2018 |title="'I Became a Lioness': Pathways to Feminist Identity Among Women's Movement Activists" |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0361684318771326 |journal=Psychology of Women Quarterly |language= |volume=42 |issue=3 |pages=263–278 |doi=10.1177/0361684318771326 |issn=0361-6843 |via=Sage Journals|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Her life's work has been detailed by the [[University of Michigan]]'s [[Global Feminisms Project]], a series of oral history interviews with feminist activists and organizers.

== Early life and education ==
Shahjehan Aapa’s birth parents were killed during the [[Partition of India|1947 Partition of India]] when she was 11 years old.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Savaş |first1=Özge |last2=Caulfield |first2=Sueann |last3=Smith |first3=Hanna |last4=House |first4=Madeline |last5=Stewart |first5=Abigail J. |date=August 2023 |title=Vulnerability and empowerment on the ground: Activist perspectives from the global feminisms project |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09593535221139135 |journal=Feminism & Psychology |language= |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1177/09593535221139135 |s2cid=259021476 |issn=0959-3535 |via=Sage Journals|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Along with her sister, she grew up in a rural, impoverished neighborhood in [[Mathura]], India with a foster family. Her foster parents allowed her to attend [[Madrasa|Madarsa]], a religious Muslim primary school where she received a basic education on the [[Quran|Koran]] and [[Urdu]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Kannadasan |first=Akila |date=July 13, 2013 |title=Finding Wings |language= |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/finding-wings/article4880790.ece |access-date=November 13, 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

At age 14, she was married against her will to the son of her foster parents. She completed the majority of the household’s agrarian and domestic labor, including tending to the buffalo and cows on their property.<ref name=":3" /> If she ever refused to complete a chore, her husband would verbally abuse and physically assault Shahjehan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Savaş |first1=Özge |last2=Stewart |first2=Abigail J. |date=2019 |title="Alternative pathways to activism: Intersections of social and personal pasts in the narratives of women's rights activists." |url=http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/qup0000117 |journal=Qualitative Psychology |language= |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=27–46 |doi=10.1037/qup0000117 |s2cid=158960705 |issn=2326-3598 |via=APA PsycNet|url-access=subscription }}</ref> In total, she had seven sons and two daughters with her husband before leaving the marriage.<ref name=":0" />

After their divorce, she moved to [[Delhi]] where her sister lived. She made enough to raise her children by doing needlework and stitching for a modest living.<ref name=":0" />

== Feminist activism ==

=== Daughter's death ===
Shahjehan’s feminist activism was ignited when her daughter, Noorjehan, was murdered in a dowry death in [[Nangloi Jat|Nangloi]], Delhi in 1979. For months prior, Noorjehan had informed Shahjehan that her in-laws would cease their harassment if they were paid sufficient funding. When Shahjehan could not come up with the money, Noorjehan was beaten, doused in kerosene, and ignited on fire inside her home.<ref name=":2" />

In the immediate aftermath, Shahjehan demanded the family be imprisoned. Shahjehan and local members of the community even staged a rally in front of the local police station on the matter.<ref name=":2" /> The local police insisted a report had been filed, yet upon reading the file she was horrified to find out the report claimed Noorjehan was suffering from clinical depression and likely committed suicide.<ref name=":2" /> Similar to the experience of many before her, neither the police nor the judiciary system addressed her grievances in a sufficient manner. She spent three years attempting to have the [[Judiciary of India|criminal court]] try her case, but due to widespread [[Law enforcement in India|corruption]] in the police department, it was never successful.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last1=Stewart |first1=Abigail J. |last2=Lal |first2=Jayati |last3=McGuire |first3=Kristin |date=June 2011 |title=Expanding the Archives of Global Feminisms: Narratives of Feminism and Activism |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/658683 |journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society |language= |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=889–914 |doi=10.1086/658683 |s2cid=144600334 |issn=0097-9740 |via=University of Chicago Press|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The overwhelming grief she experienced, in combination with the failures of the justice system, encouraged her to step out of the domestic sphere and enter feminist organizing, specifically focused on mitigating [[domestic violence]].<ref name=":1" />

=== Shakti Shalini ===
Shahjehan initially pursued political activism through her work in Basti, a government panel, where she aided homeless women seeking legal aid. This was frustrating work, as Shahjehan was often unable to help the women resolve their specific dowry or abuse cases. Her fellow coworker, [[Satya Rani Chadha]], informed Shahjehan that 25 women were organizing a gathering to advocate for legal action in these cases and raise funds for the victims' medical expenses.<ref name=":4" /> This group began regularly meeting under the name Parents Association of Dowry Victims, but soon developed into Shakti Shalini, a [[non-governmental organization]] (NGO) that was co-founded by Shahjehan and Satya in January 1987 in Delhi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Teays |first=Wanda |date=1991 |title=The Burning Bride: The Dowry Problem in India |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25002154 |journal=Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=29–52 |jstor=25002154 |issn=8755-4178}}</ref> The NGO was named after Shahjehan's work in a memorable case of a woman from [[Rajasthan]] named Shanti, who had been thrown off the third floor of a building by her partner. Shahjehan's investment in this case was so profound that she missed her own hearing, causing her personal case to be terminated.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jamshed |first=Nida |date=2022 |title=Women activists' resistance and social change in India. |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pac0000596 |journal= Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology|volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=413–428 |doi=10.1037/pac0000596 |s2cid=247125757 |issn=1532-7949|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The group began by campaigning for legislation to protect victims of domestic violence, demanding institutional adjustments. However, the focal point of the organization's advocacy quickly developed more generally into ensuring proper housing for women, educating exploited women, and promoting gender equality.<ref name=":5" /> This shift was due to Shahjehan's perspective that institutions, such as the judicial system, would not create worthwhile change but only perpetuate it. Instead, Shakti Shalini took a highly individualized approach to their advocacy by holding discussions, workshops, and demonstrations to improve the articulation of victims' rights and stories.<ref name=":2" />

The group's first [[Women's shelter|shelter]] was opened in July 1987 with Shahjehan overseeing operations as the NGO's founder and president.<ref name=":6" /> The shelter began offering 90+ days of safe haven for victims and their children, eventually becoming a place where the local police referred women to. To this day, Shakti Shalini focuses on combating gender-based violence and community activism, specifically prioritizing providing assistance to women and younger girls in the form of shelter, counseling, legal aid, education, and vocational training.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Shakti Shalini – Promoting gender equality, individual choice and dignity since 1987 |url=https://shaktishalini.org/ |access-date=2023-11-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> The group organizes jobs for women as they finish schooling, or helps them prepare for their exams if they are still in school (many in secondary school or college). The NGO continues to stay in touch with the women for years after their initial job placement, even aiding the children of these women and offering educational courses or shelter to them, when necessary. These courses are not only academically beneficial, but also contain feminist ideology to promote independence. Some women are brought to Shakti Shalini who don’t want to work, so the NGO also arranges marriages to appropriate families.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kumari |first=Upasha |date=2023-07-15 |title=Exploring the Role of NGOs in Addressing Gender-Based Violence Against Women |journal=Journal of Advanced Research in Women's Studies |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=38–52 |doi=10.33422/jarws.v1i1.413 |issn=2783-7122 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The organization receives government grants for food and shelter, and donations specifically for education, to fund its operations. According to their website, Shakti Shalini has aided over 15,000+ individuals over the course of 36 years, with the organization having placements in at least 5 marginalized communities within New Delhi.<ref name=":5" />

== Death ==
On September 28, 2013, Shahjehan Aapa died at the age of 77. On the way to a mahila panchayat, a women’s community initiative to end violence and provide redress, Shahjehan was struck by a motor vehicle and killed in the accident.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Shahjahan Apa (India) {{!}} WikiPeaceWomen – English |url=https://wikipeacewomen.org/wpworg/en/?page_id=2476 |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=wikipeacewomen.org}}</ref>
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aapa, Shahjehan}}
[[Category:1930s births]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian women's rights activists]]
[[Category:Indian feminists]]

Shubman Gill

2026-03-13T05:31:48Z

Dranvesh:

{{short description|Indian cricketer (born 1999)}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Shubman Gill
| country = India
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1999|9|8|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Fazilka]], Punjab, India
| nickname = Prince
| image = Shubman Gill 2023 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Gill in 2023
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[off break]]
| role = [[Batting order (cricket)#Top order|Top-order batter]]
| international = true
| internationalspan = 2019–present

| testdebutdate = 26 December
| testdebutyear = 2020
| testdebutagainst = Australia
| testcap = 297
| lasttestdate = 14 November
| lasttestyear = 2025
| lasttestagainst = South Africa

| odicap = 227
| odidebutdate = 31 January
| odidebutyear = 2019
| odidebutagainst = New Zealand
| lastodidate = 11 January
| lastodiyear = 2026
| lastodiagainst = New Zealand
| odishirt = 77

| T20Icap = 101
| T20Idebutdate = 3 January
| T20Idebutyear = 2023
| T20Idebutagainst = Sri Lanka
| lastT20Idate = 14 December
| lastT20Iyear = 2025
| lastT20Iagainst = South Africa
| T20Ishirt = 77

| club1 = [[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]]
| year1 = {{nowrap|2017–present}}
| club2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| year2 = 2018–2021
| club3 = [[Glamorgan County Cricket Club|Glamorgan]]
| year3 = 2022
| club4 = [[Gujarat Titans]]
| year4 = {{nowrap|2022–present}}
| columns = 4
| hidedeliveries=true
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]
| matches1 = 40
| runs1= 2,843
| bat avg1= 42.43
| 100s/50s1= 10/8
| top score1= 269
| deliveries1 = 7
| wickets1 = 0
| bowl avg1 = –
| fivefor1 = –
| tenfor1 = –
| best bowling1 = –
| catches/stumpings1= 30/–
| column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
| matches2 = 61
| runs2= 2,953
| bat avg2= 55.71
| 100s/50s2= 8/17
| top score2= 208
| deliveries2 = 18
| wickets2 = 0
| bowl avg2 = –
| fivefor2 = –
| tenfor2 = –
| best bowling2 = –
| catches/stumpings2= 38/–
| column3 = [[Twenty20 International|T20I]]
| matches3 = 36
| runs3= 869
| bat avg3= 28.03
| 100s/50s3= 1/3
| top score3= 126[[not out|*]]
| deliveries3 = —
| wickets3 = —
| bowl avg3 = –
| fivefor3 = –
| tenfor3 = –
| best bowling3 = –
| catches/stumpings3= 9/–
|column4 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches4 = 69
| runs4= 5,537
| bat avg4= 50.79
| 100s/50s4= 19/20
| top score4= 269
| deliveries4 = 61
| wickets4 = 0
| bowl avg4 = –
| fivefor4 = –
| tenfor4 = –
| best bowling4 = –
| catches/stumpings4= 49/–
| date = 15 October
| year = 2025
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1070173.html ESPNcricinfo

|medaltemplates=
{{MedalSport|Men's [[cricket]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[ICC World Test Championship]]}}
{{Medal|RU|[[2019–2021 ICC World Test Championship|2019–2021]]}}
{{Medal|RU|[[2021–2023 ICC World Test Championship|2021–2023]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[ICC Cricket World Cup]]}}
{{Medal|RU|[[2023 Cricket World Cup|2023 India]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[ICC Champions Trophy]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[2025 ICC Champions Trophy|2025 Pakistan]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[ACC Asia Cup]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[2023 Asia Cup|2023 Pakistan]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[2025 Asia Cup|2025 UAE]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup|ICC U19 World Cup]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[2018 Under-19 Cricket World Cup|2018 New Zealand]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Under-19 Men's Asia Cup|ACC U19 Asia Cup]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[2016 ACC Under-19 Asia Cup|2016 Sri Lanka]]}}
}}
'''Shubman Gill''' (born 8 September 1999) is an Indian international [[cricket]]er who plays for the [[India national cricket team|India national team]]. Gill captains the [[Test cricket|Test]] and the [[One Day International|ODI]] team. He has also captained the team in [[Twenty20 International|T20I]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=India Test Squad For England Tour 2025, LIVE Updates: Shubman Gill Appointed Captain; New Vice Captain Is... {{!}} Cricket News |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/england-vs-india-2025/india-test-squad-announcement-live-updates-england-tour-2025-new-captain-shubman-gill-jasprit-bumrah-rishabh-pant-bcci-8494289 |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=NDTVSports.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250705-shubman-gill-the-prince-who-is-now-india-s-new-cricket-king|title=Shubman Gill, the 'Prince' who is now India's new cricket king|date=5 July 2025|website=France 24}}</ref> A right-handed [[Batting (cricket)|batsman]], Gill represents [[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]] in domestic cricket and captains the [[Gujarat Titans]] in the [[Indian Premier League]].<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web |title=Shubman Gill Profile – Cricket Player India |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/shubman-gill-1070173 |access-date=24 February 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

In [[One Day International|ODI]] cricket, he is the fastest player to reach 2000 runs in 38 innings and 2500 runs in 50 innings.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Shubman Gill Breaks Hashim Amla's Record, Becomes Fastest To 2000 ODI Runs |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/icc-world-cup/news/shubman-gill-breaks-hashim-amlas-record-becomes-fastest-to-2000-odi-runs/articleshow/104630831.cms |work=Times of India}}</ref> He also holds the record for the youngest cricketer to score a double century in ODIs at the age of 23.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sublime Shubman Gill Hits Maiden ODI Double Century, Becomes Youngest To Attain The Feat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/new-zealand-in-india/sublime-shubman-gill-hits-maiden-odi-double-century-becomes-youngest-to-attain-the-feat/articleshow/97092976.cms |work=Times of India}}</ref> With his country, he won the [[2025 ICC Champions Trophy]] as vice captain. He made his [[List A cricket|List-A]] debut against [[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]] in 2017 and [[First-class cricket|first-class]] debut for Punjab against [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]] in the [[2017–18 Ranji Trophy]], scoring a half-century in the game,<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 November 2017 |title=Ranji Trophy 2017: Bengal inch closer to quarterfinal berth with innings victory over Punjab |work=[[The Indian Express]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/ranji-trophy-2017-bengal-inch-closer-to-quarterfinal-berth-with-innings-victory-over-punjab-4945137/ |access-date=24 February 2023}}</ref> and 129 runs in the last match against [[Services cricket team|Services]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 November 2017 |title=Ranji Trophy 2017: Punjab in command with Shubman Gill, Anmolpreet Singh tons |work=[[The Indian Express]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/ranji-trophy-2017-punjab-in-command-with-shubman-gill-anmolpreet-singh-tons-4954353/ |access-date=24 February 2023}}</ref>

As vice-captain of the [[India national under-19 cricket team|Indian under-19 team]], Gill scored 372 runs at an average of 124.00 in the [[2018 Under-19 Cricket World Cup]], where he played a crucial role in India's fourth title win, earning the edition's Player of the Tournament award.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 February 2018 |title=How Shubman Gill, player of ICC U-19 World Cup, polished his 'Virat Kohli shot' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/how-shubman-gill-player-of-icc-u-19-world-cup-polished-his-virat-kohli-shot/story-a9AuYnkNLFeTIXDZk5RysK.html |access-date=24 February 2023 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> His unbeaten 102 in the semi-final against [[Pakistan national under-19 cricket team|Pakistan U-19]] drew praise from batting greats such as [[Rahul Dravid]], [[Sachin Tendulkar]], [[VVS Laxman]], and [[Sourav Ganguly]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Thaly |first=Dattaraj |date=30 January 2018 |title=ICC Under-19 World Cup: Shubman Gill Impresses With High-Quality Hundred Against Pakistan |work=[[NDTV Sports]] |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/icc-under-19-world-cup-2018/icc-under-19-world-cup-shubman-gill-impresses-with-high-quality-hundred-against-pakistan-1806215 |access-date=24 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Shubman Gill a better player than Prithvi Shaw: Sourav Ganguly |work=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/shubman-gill-a-better-player-than-prithvi-shaw-sourav-ganguly-to-india-today-1157220-2018-01-30 |access-date=30 January 2018}}</ref>

Shubman Gill was named [[ICC Awards#Men's Player of the Month|ICC Men’s Player of the Month]] four times — in January 2023, September 2023, February 2025, and July 2025. He is also the first male player to win the award four times.<ref>{{Cite web |last=icc |date=2025-03-12 |title=Gill and King win ICC Player of the Month awards for February |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/gill-and-king-win-icc-player-of-the-month-awards-for-february |access-date=2025-07-26 |website=icc |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-05 |title=ICC Men's Player of the Month award: Which Indians have won the ICC award? {{!}} Sporting News India |url=https://www.sportingnews.com/in/cricket/news/icc-mens-player-month-award-which-indians-have-won-icc-award/970c7600de4528f1abab8469 |access-date=2025-07-26 |website=www.sportingnews.com |language=en-in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=icc |date=2025-08-12 |title=Gill and Dunkley named ICC Players of the Month for July 2025 |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/gill-and-dunkley-named-icc-players-of-the-month-for-july-2025 |access-date=2025-08-12 |website=icc |language=en}}</ref> He was also named in the [[ICC Men's ODI Team of the Year|ICC Men’s ODI Team of the Year]] in 2023.

==Early life==
Gill was born on 8 September 1999 into a [[Punjabi Sikh]] family in village Chak Jaimal Singh Wala of [[Fazilka]] district, [[Punjab, India]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=The Importance Of Being Shubman Gill – by Mukul Kesavan |work=NDTV |url=https://www.ndtv.com/opinion/the-importance-of-being-shubman-gill-by-mukul-kesavan-2346039 |quote=Batting aside, Gill's presence might signal a significant aesthetic shift. It'll be a nice irony if the ascension of a clean-shaven Sikh ends the trend of Kohli-bearded clones.}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |date=4 February 2018 |title=ICC U-19 World Cup: A village celebrates its son Shubman Gill's achievement |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/icc-u-19-world-cup-a-village-celebrates-its-son-shubman-gill-achievement-5050551/ |access-date=15 October 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> His father, Lakhwinder Singh, is a farmer who aspired to become a cricketer. He has an twin sister named Shahneel Gill.<ref>{{cite web |title=Meet Shahneel Gill, gorgeous sister of Star Indian batsman Shubman Gill |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/cricket/photo-gallery-meet-shahneel-gill-gorgeous-sister-of-star-indian-batsman-shubman-gill-2996121 |website=[[DNA India]] |access-date=12 March 2024 |date=26 October 2022}}</ref> He showed early promise in cricket, picking up a bat at the age of three. Recognising his interest in the game, Lakhwinder decided to train him, bowling 500 to 700 balls to him daily.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Basu |first1=Hindol |title=How Shubman Gill's dad shaped his son's cricket career |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/u-19-world-cup/how-shubman-gills-dad-shaped-his-sons-cricket-career/articleshow/62784880.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=7 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221034756/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/u-19-world-cup/how-shubman-gills-dad-shaped-his-sons-cricket-career/articleshow/62784880.cms |archive-date=21 December 2021 |language=en |date=5 February 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2007, he moved the family to [[Mohali]], near the [[Punjab Cricket Association Stadium]], to facilitate better training opportunities for Gill.<ref>{{Cite web |title='I sat inside the washroom when my bidding was on' |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22238946/i-sat-washroom-my-bidding-was-kamlesh-nagarkoti |access-date=28 January 2018 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref name="sportstar">{{cite web |last1=Acharya |first1=Shayan |last2=Lokapally |first2=Vijay |author2-link=Vijay Lokapally |title=Shubman Gill: In a World (Cup) of his dreams |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/shubman-gill-origin-story-childhood-coach-batting-odi-world-cup-2023/article67343490.ece |website=[[Sportstar]] |publisher=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=7 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107022808/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/shubman-gill-origin-story-childhood-coach-batting-odi-world-cup-2023/article67343490.ece |archive-date=7 January 2024 |language=en |date=25 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>

At the age of twelve, Gill's performance caught the attention of former Indian bowler [[Karsan Ghavri]], who recommended that Gill attend the Under-19 all-India pace bowlers' camp. Gill faced U-19 bowlers in the nets, leading Ghavri to request [[Punjab Cricket Association|PCA]] to put him into Punjab's U-14 team.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Majumdar |first1=Boria |last2=Sarkar |first2=Kushan |author1-link=Boria Majumdar |title=How Shubman Gill went from boy wonder to an architect of one of India's greatest wins |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/how-shubman-gill-went-from-boy-wonder-to-an-architect-of-one-of-indias-greatest-wins-1272991 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=7 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205211225/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/how-shubman-gill-went-from-boy-wonder-to-an-architect-of-one-of-indias-greatest-wins-1272991 |archive-date=5 December 2023 |language=en |date=21 August 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> He is a friend of [[Abhishek Sharma]] since childhood and they used to open the innings for [[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]] in the under-14s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Abhishek Sharma after 1st T20I Match|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/abhishek-sharmas-father-after-1st-match-i-reminded-him-six-hitting-was-what-led-to-india-call-up-9438838/ |website=indianexpress|access-date=8 July 2024 |date=8 July 2024}}</ref> In an Inter-District Under-16 match against Amritsar, Gill, representing Mohali, scored 351 runs and shared a record opening stand of 587 runs with Nirmal Singh. At the age of 14, he scored a double-century on his Under-16 debut for Punjab in the Vijay Merchant Trophy.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Shubman Gill: The boy who silences men post Under 19 World Cup win |work=The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/cricket/2018/feb/13/shubman-gill-the-boy-who-silences-men-post-under-19-world-cup-win-1772496.html |access-date=13 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shubman Gill – the budding Punjab opening bat |url=http://www.bcci.tv/vijay-merchant-trophy-under-16-2014-15/news/2015/features-and-interviews/9684/shubman-gill-the-budding-punjab-opening-bat |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106171546/http://www.bcci.tv/vijay-merchant-trophy-under-16-2014-15/news/2015/features-and-interviews/9684/shubman-gill-the-budding-punjab-opening-bat |archive-date=6 January 2018 |access-date=3 February 2015 |website=BCCI}}</ref>

==Domestic career==
Gill made his [[List A cricket|List A]] debut for [[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]] in the [[2016–17 Vijay Hazare Trophy]] on 25 February 2017 against [[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidharbha]], during which he scored 11 runs before being [[run out]].<ref name="LA">{{Cite web |title=Vijay Hazare Trophy, Group A: Punjab v Vidarbha at Delhi, Feb 25, 2017 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1053707.html |access-date=25 February 2017 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref> In his second match against [[Assam cricket team|Assam]], he scored his maiden List A century, scoring 121 runs off 129 balls.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Menon |first1=Vishal |title=Vijay Hazare Trophy: Ton validates Shubman Gill's rising stock |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/vijay-hazare-trophy-ton-validates-shubman-gills-rising-stock/ |website=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=12 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227112956/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/vijay-hazare-trophy-ton-validates-shubman-gills-rising-stock/ |archive-date=27 February 2017 |language=en |date=27 February 2017 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription}}</ref> His [[first-class cricket|first-class]] debut came against [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]] in the [[2017–18 Ranji Trophy]] on 17 November 2017.<ref name="FC">{{Cite web |title=Group D, Ranji Trophy at Amritsar, Nov 17–20 2017 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1118682.html |access-date=17 November 2017 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref> Later in the same month, in his second first-class match, he scored his maiden century while batting for Punjab against [[Services cricket team|Services]]. He scored 129 runs off 142 balls.<ref name="Gill100">{{Cite news |date=25 November 2017 |title=Teenagers Gill and Anmolpreet run amok for Punjab |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/1127057.html |access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref>

In October 2018, Gill was named in India C's squad for the [[2018–19 Deodhar Trophy]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rahane, Ashwin and Karthik to play Deodhar Trophy |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/1162570.html |access-date=19 October 2018 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref> In the final round-robin match against [[India A cricket team|India A]], he scored an unbeaten century, helping send India C through to the final.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shubman Gill century powers India C to Deodhar Trophy final |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8737/report/1162444/india-vs-india-cdeodhar-trophy |access-date=25 October 2018 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> The following month, he was named as one of the eight players to watch ahead of the [[2018–19 Ranji Trophy]] by ''[[ESPNcricinfo]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eight players to watch out for in Ranji Trophy 2018–19 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/25154895/eight-players-watch-ranji-trophy-2018-19 |access-date=3 November 2018 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref> In December 2018, during the match against [[Tamil Nadu cricket team|Tamil Nadu]] in the Ranji Trophy, Gill scored his maiden double century in first-class cricket, scoring 268 runs.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lokapally |first1=Vijay |author1-link=Vijay Lokapally |title=Ranji Trophy 2018-19: Shubman Gill's double ton puts Punjab on top |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ranji-trophy-2018-19-cricket-tamil-nadu-vs-punjab-match-report-shubman-gill-double-century/article25757870.ece |website=[[Sportstar]] |publisher=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=12 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516062226/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ranji-trophy-2018-19-cricket-tamil-nadu-vs-punjab-match-report-shubman-gill-double-century/article25757870.ece |archive-date=16 May 2022 |language=en |date=16 December 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 25 December 2018, on the fourth day of the match against [[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]] in the Ranji Trophy, with Punjab needing 338 runs from 57 overs, Gill scored 148 off 154 balls, almost single-handedly taking his team to victory. The match finished as a draw, with Punjab ending the run chase at 324/8 in 57 overs.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 December 2018 |title=Ranji Trophy: Brilliant Shubman Gill almost does the impossible for Punjab |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/india-domestic/ranji-trophy/ranji-trophy-brilliant-shubman-gill-almost-does-the-impossible-for-punjab/articleshow/67251187.cms}}</ref> In the match against Bengal, Gill surpassed 1,000 runs in first-class cricket in his fifteenth innings.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Deivarayan |last=Muthu |title=Tripura slump to 35 all out, Abhinav rises above Chennai turner |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/25705543/tripura-slump-35-all-abhinav-rises-chennai-turner |date=7 January 2019 |access-date=7 January 2019 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref> He was the leading run-scorer for Punjab in the 2018–19 Ranji Trophy, with 728 runs in five matches.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ranji Trophy, 2018/19 – Punjab: Batting and bowling averages |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=12592;team=2063;type=tournament |access-date=10 January 2019 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref>

In August 2019, Gill was named as the captain of the India Blue team for the [[2019–20 Duleep Trophy]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Shubman Gill, Priyank Panchal and Faiz Fazal to lead Duleep Trophy teams |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/27331972/shubman-gill-priyank-panchal-faiz-fazal-lead-duleep-trophy-sides |access-date=6 August 2019}}</ref> In October 2019, he was selected as the captain of the India C team for the [[2019–20 Deodhar Trophy]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 October 2019 |title=Deodhar Trophy 2019–20: Full Schedule, Teams, Fixtures, Squad, Players List, Time Table, Live Streaming Details |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/deodhar-trophy-2019-20-full-schedule-teams-fixtures-squad-players-list-time-table-live-streaming-details-6088542/ |access-date=30 October 2019 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en-IN}}</ref> In November 2019, he became the youngest cricketer to lead a team in a final of the tournament. He was 20 years and 57 days old, beating [[Virat Kohli]]'s record, who was 21 years 124 days old during the 2009–10 tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2019 |title=Shubman Gill creates history, breaks Virat Kohli's record in Deodhar Trophy final |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/shubman-gill-breaks-virat-kohli-s-10-yr-old-record-in-deodhar-trophy-final-creates-history/story-L1dYUJa7arG9MBQSlASHRI.html |access-date=4 November 2019 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

In September 2022, Gill was signed up by [[Glamorgan County Cricket Club|Glamorgan]] as their overseas player for the remainder of the [[2022 County Championship]] season.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India batter Shubman Gill signs for Glamorgan for last 4 matches of County Championship season |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/shubman-gill-county-championship-glamorgan-contract-1995752-2022-09-02 |access-date=27 February 2023 |website=[[India Today]] |date=2 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref> He debuted at the Sophia ground against [[Worcestershire County Cricket Club|Worcestershire]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shubman Gill set to play for Glamorgan for remainder of 2022 County Championship season |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/county-championship-div-2-shubman-gill-set-to-sign-with-glamorgan-for-remainder-of-2022-season-1330451 |access-date=2 September 2022 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}</ref>

In August 2025, Gill was selected to lead the [[North Zone cricket team]] in [[2025–26 Duleep Trophy]].<ref name=":0" />

==International career ==
In December 2016, Gill was part of the [[India national under-19 cricket team|Indian U-19 team]] for the [[2016 ACC Under-19 Asia Cup]], where he emerged as the second-highest run-scorer of the tournament, behind teammate [[Himanshu Rana]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Cricket Records in Asian Cricket Council Under-19s Asia Cup, 2016/17 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/asian-cricket-council-under-19s-asia-cup-2016-17-11638 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref> India won the tournament by defeating [[Sri Lanka national under-19 cricket team|Sri Lanka U-19]] in the final, with Gill scoring 70 runs off 92 balls.<ref>{{cite web |title=Spinners Abhishek and Chahar seal title for India |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/acc-u-19-asia-cup-2016-17-1071840/sri-lanka-under-19s-vs-india-under-19s-final-1071861/match-report |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=16 April 2024 |language=en |date=23 December 2016}}</ref> In February 2017, he played a key role in the team's series win against [[England under-19 cricket team|England U-19]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 February 2017 |title=Shubman Gill stars as India U-19 beat England by 7 wickets |language=en |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/shubman-gill-stars-as-india-u-19-beat-england-by-7-wickets-take-2-1-series-lead/story-8skWEp6qIRDM2tRmIQ0cpN.html |access-date=27 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Shubman Gill was terrific, says U-19 coach Dravid – Times of India |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/shubman-gill-was-terrific-says-u-19-coach-dravid/articleshow/57045134.cms |access-date=27 April 2017}}</ref> In December 2017, he was named [[captain (cricket)#vice captain|vice captain]] of India's squad for the [[2018 Under-19 Cricket World Cup]].<ref name="IndiaU19">{{Cite web |title=Prithvi Shaw to lead India in Under-19 World Cup |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/21650381/prithvi-shaw-lead-india-19-world-cup |access-date=3 December 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo|date=3 December 2017 }}</ref><ref name="ICC">{{Cite web |title=Hard-working Shubman Gill makes it look easy |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/590643 |access-date=11 January 2018 |website=International Cricket Council}}</ref> In the semifinal against [[Pakistan national under-19 cricket team|Pakistan U-19]], Gill scored 102[[not out|*]] runs off 94 balls, earning him the title of Player of the Match.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kishore |first1=Shashank |title=Gill and Porel power India into World Cup final |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-u-19-wc-2017-18-1116872/india-under-19s-vs-pakistan-under-19s-semi-final-1116937/match-report |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=6 May 2024 |location=[[Christchurch]] |language=en |date=30 January 2018}}</ref> India defeated [[Australia national under-19 cricket team|Australia U-19]] in the final, securing their 4th title.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kishore |first1=Shashank |title=Manjot Kalra leads India Under-19 to World Cup glory |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-u-19-wc-2017-18-1116872/australia-under-19s-vs-india-under-19s-final-1116941/match-report |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=6 May 2024 |location=[[Mount Maunganui]] |language=en |date=3 February 2018}}</ref> He had a successful tournament, leading the team in runs scored with 372 runs and was also named the player of the tournament.<ref name="U19runs">{{Cite web |title=ICC Under-19 World Cup, 2017/18 – India Under-19s: Batting and bowling averages |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=11980;team=1854;type=tournament |access-date=3 February 2018 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref name="PoT">{{Cite web |title=Under-19 star Shubman Gill shines on senior stage |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/under-19-star-shubman-gill-shines-on-senior-stage |access-date=4 May 2018 |website=International Cricket Council |date=4 May 2018 }}</ref> Following India's matches in the tournament, the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC) named Gill as the rising star of the squad.<ref name="rising">{{Cite web |title=U19CWC Report Card: India |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/616979 |access-date=5 February 2018 |website=International Cricket Council |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205184455/https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/616979 |archive-date=5 February 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In January 2019, Gill was selected for India's squad for the limited-overs [[Indian cricket team in New Zealand in 2018–19|series against New Zealand]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=India vs Australia: Shubman Gill, Vijay Shankar to replace KL Rahul and Hardik Pandya |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/india-in-australia/india-vs-australia-vijay-shankar-shubman-gill-to-replace-kl-rahul-and-hardik-pandya/articleshow/67508258.cms |access-date=13 January 2018}}</ref> On 31 January 2019, he made his [[One Day International]] (ODI) debut for India, playing in the fourth ODI match of the series against [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] at [[Seddon Park]] in [[Hamilton, New Zealand|Hamilton]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2019 |title=India vs New Zealand 4th ODI: Shubman Gill debuts, Khaleel Ahmed replaces Mohammed Shami |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/india-vs-new-zealand-4th-odi-playing-xi-5562141/lite/ |access-date=31 January 2019 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> In August 2019, Gill set a record as the youngest Indian batsman to score a double century in a first-class match.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2019 |title=Shubman Gill creates history with double ton; India A close in on win against West Indies A |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/shubman-gill-creates-history-with-double-ton-india-a-close-in-on-win-against-west-indies-a/story-EnmR8UnXZYoJXG4XgNjSEN.html |access-date=9 August 2019 |website=The Hindustan Times}}</ref> At the age of 19 years and 334 days, he scored 204 runs for [[India A cricket team|India A]] against [[West Indies A cricket team|West Indies A]] at the [[Brian Lara Cricket Academy]] in [[Trinidad and Tobago]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shubman Gill becomes youngest to score first-class double ton for an Indian representative team |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1304031 |access-date=9 August 2019 |website=International Cricket Council}}</ref> The following month, he was selected in India's [[Test cricket|Test]] squad for their series [[South African cricket team in India in 2019–20|against South Africa]], but did not play.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shubman Gill gets maiden call-up to India Test squad, Rohit Sharma picked as opener |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/27598493/shubman-gill-gets-maiden-call-india-test-squad-rohit-sharma-picked-opener |access-date=12 September 2019 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> In December 2019, Gill was named as the captain of [[India A cricket team|India A]] squad for their tour of New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hanuma Vihari and Shubman Gill to lead India A teams in New Zealand, Hardik Pandya and Prithvi Shaw included |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/india-a-squad-announced-for-tour-of-new-zealand-prithvi-shaw-hanuma-vihari-shubman-gill-1630979-2019-12-23 |access-date=23 December 2019 |website=India Today|date=23 December 2019 }}</ref> In February 2020, he was once again named in India's Test squad, this time for their series [[Indian cricket team in New Zealand in 2019–20|against New Zealand]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=India in New Zealand – Prithvi Shaw returns to Test squad, Mayank Agarwal in for ODIs |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28630679/india-new-zealand-prithvi-shaw-returns-test-squad,-mayank-agarwal-odis |access-date=4 February 2020 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

Gill made his Test debut for India on 26 December 2020 in the [[2020 Border–Gavaskar Trophy]], contributing to India's comeback win in the second match of the series.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2nd Test, Melbourne, Dec 26 – Dec 29 2020, India tour of Australia |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1223870.html |access-date=29 December 2020 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2021 |title=India vs Australia: 'First-class experience comes in handy,' Rahane lauds debutants Shubman Gill and Mohammed Siraj for impressive performance |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/india-vs-australia-first-class-experience-comes-in-handy-rahane-lauds-debutants-shubman-gill-and-mohammed-siraj-for-impressive-performance/story-Tnk2coSmBmCXEpDbyNMhiI.html |access-date=29 December 2020 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> In the fourth Test at [[the Gabba]], he scored 91 runs off 146 balls, playing a crucial role in India's series win.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Shetty |first1=Varun |title=Magnificent India win epic series in last hour of last day of last Test |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-in-australia-2020-21-1223867/australia-vs-india-4th-test-1223872/match-report |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=18 April 2024 |language=en |date=18 January 2021}}</ref> In the [[English cricket team in India in 2020–21|2021 England tour of India]], Gill scored 119 runs in four matches, including a half-century in the second innings of the first match.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anthony de Mello Trophy, 2020/21 Records {{!}} Batting Most Runs Career |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/series/batting-most-runs-career/anthony-de-mello-trophy-2020-21-13809 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=6 May 2024}}</ref> India won the 4-match Test series 3–1.<ref>{{cite web |title=England tour of India 2020/21 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-india-2020-21-1243364 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=6 May 2024}}</ref> Gill was part of the Indian squad for the [[2021 ICC World Test Championship final]] against New Zealand. India lost the match, with Gill scoring 28 runs off 64 balls in the first innings and 8 runs off 33 balls in the second innings.<ref>{{cite web |title=India vs New Zealand, Final at Southampton, WTC, Jun 18 2021 - Full Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-test-championship-2019-2021-1195334/india-vs-new-zealand-final-1249875/full-scorecard |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=6 May 2024}}</ref> In November 2021, during [[New Zealand cricket team in India in 2021–22|New Zealand's tour of India]], Gill scored 144 runs in the 2-match Test series and was the fourth-highest run-scorer of the series.<ref>{{cite web |title=New Zealand in India Test Series, 2021/22 Records {{!}} Batting Most Runs Career |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/series/batting-most-runs-career/new-zealand-in-india-test-series-2021-22-14203 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=6 May 2024}}</ref> India won the series 1–0.<ref>{{cite web |title=New Zealand tour of India 2021/22 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/new-zealand-in-india-2021-22-1278658 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=6 May 2024}}</ref>

In July 2022, during [[Indian cricket team in the West Indies and the United States in 2022|India's tour of West Indies and USA]], Gill scored 205 runs in three matches, including a 98 not out in the third ODI. He was the highest run-scorer of the series.<ref>{{cite web |title=India in West Indies ODI Series, 2022 Records {{!}} Batting Most Runs Career |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/series/batting-most-runs-career/india-in-west-indies-odi-series-2022-14677 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=6 May 2024}}</ref> India whitewashed [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] 3-0 and Gill won the Player of the Series award.<ref>{{cite web |title=India tour of West Indies and United States of America 2022 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-in-west-indies-2022-1317885 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=6 May 2024}}</ref> On 22 August 2022, during the third match of the ODI series [[Indian cricket team in Zimbabwe in 2022|against Zimbabwe]], Gill scored his first ODI century for the Indian national team.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2022 |title=IND vs ZIM: Shubman Gill breaks century drought, registers maiden international ton of his career in 3rd ODI |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/ind-vs-zim-shubman-gill-breaks-century-drought-registers-first-international-ton-of-career-in-3rd-odi-article-93708115 |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref> He emerged as the series' top run-scorer and was awarded the Player of the Series award.<ref>{{cite web |title=India in Zimbabwe ODI Series, 2022 Records {{!}} Batting Most Runs Career |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/series/batting-most-runs-career/india-in-zimbabwe-odi-series-2022-14825 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=9 May 2024}}</ref> India clinched the series with a 3–0 victory.<ref>{{cite web |title=India tour of Zimbabwe 2022 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-in-zimbabwe-2022-1325547 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=9 May 2024}}</ref> During [[South African cricket team in India in 2022–23|South Africa's tour of India]] in October 2022, Gill contributed 80 runs across three matches and was the fourth highest run-scorer of the ODI series, helping India secure a 2–1 victory.<ref>{{cite web |title=South Africa in India ODI Series, 2022/23 Records {{!}} Batting Most Runs Career |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/series/batting-most-runs-career/south-africa-in-india-odi-series-2022-23-14857 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=9 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=South Africa tour of India 2022/23 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/south-africa-in-india-2022-23-1327499 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=9 May 2024}}</ref> In November 2022, in the [[Indian cricket team in New Zealand in 2022–23|ODI series against New Zealand]], Gill was the third highest run-scorer of the series, scoring 108 runs including a half-century in the first match.<ref>{{cite web |title=India in New Zealand ODI Series, 2022/23 Records {{!}} Batting Most Runs Career |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/series/batting-most-runs-career/india-in-new-zealand-odi-series-2022-23-14796 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=9 May 2024}}</ref> In December 2022, during the first Test match of the [[Indian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2022–23|series against Bangladesh]], he scored his first Test century, tallying 110 runs.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Shubman Gill scores first Test century |work=[[Sportstar]] |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/shubman-gill-scores-maiden-test-cricket-century-first-hundred-india-vs-bangladesh-day-3-chattogram/article66270272.ece |access-date=16 December 2022}}</ref>

Gill made his [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) debut on 3 January 2023, [[Sri Lankan cricket team in India in 2022–23|against Sri Lanka]]. He scored seven runs from five balls in that match.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=3 January 2023 |title=IND vs SL: Shubman Gill, Shivam Mavi make T20I debuts; India 2nd team to give 100 caps in T20Is |language=en |work=[[Sportstar]] |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/international/shubman-gill-shivam-mavi-debut-india-vs-sri-lanka-1st-t20i-mumbai-100-caps-bcci-australia/article66333936.ece/ |access-date=3 January 2023}}</ref> In the ODI series, Gill scored 207 runs and was the second highest run-scorer of the series behind [[Virat Kohli]]. On 18 January 2023, in the first match of the [[New Zealand cricket team in India in 2022–23|series against New Zealand]], Gill scored a [[double century]], tallying a total of 208 runs.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shukla |first=Shivani |date=18 January 2023 |title=Shubman Gill Slams Maiden ODI Double Century, Youngest To Achieve The Milestone |work=ProBatsman |url=https://www.probatsman.com/shubman-gill-slams-maiden-odi-double-century-youngest-to-achieve-the-milestone |access-date=24 February 2023}}</ref> He became the fifth Indian batsman to hit a double century in ODIs, and he is currently the youngest batsman to score a double century in ODIs in men's international cricket.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shubman Gill breaks India record during incredible hundred against New Zealand |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/3026256 |access-date=18 January 2023 |website=www.icc-cricket.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=18 January 2023 |title=Shubman Gill becomes fifth Indian and youngest ever to score ODI 200 |work=[[Sportstar]] |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/indian/shubman-gill-fastest-india-player-to-score-1000-odi-runs-100-century-hundred-india-vs-new-zealand-1st-odi/article66396681.ece |access-date=24 February 2023}}</ref> In the third match, Gill scored his maiden T20I century, scoring an unbeaten 126 off 63 balls, and became the 5th Indian batsman to score a century in all formats of international cricket.
<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2023 |title=Shubman Gill smashes maiden T20I ton, becomes 5th Indian to score centuries across formats |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/new-zealand-in-india/shubman-gill-smashes-maiden-t20i-ton-becomes-5th-indian-to-score-centuries-across-formats/articleshow/97532460.cms |access-date=2 February 2023 |website=TOI}}</ref>

On 9 March 2023, Gill scored his second Test century in the fourth match of the [[Australian cricket team in India in 2022–23|2023 Border-Gavaskar Trophy]]. India retained the trophy by winning the series 2–1.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Monga |first1=Sidharth |title=India take series 2-1 after tedious draw on lifeless Ahmedabad pitch |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-india-2022-23-1348637/india-vs-australia-4th-test-1348655/match-report |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=9 May 2024 |language=en |date=13 March 2023}}</ref> Gill was part of the Indian squad for the [[2023 ICC World Test Championship final]] against [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]]. He scored 13 runs off 15 balls in the first innings and 18 runs off 19 balls in the second innings. India lost the final for the second consecutive time.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Monga |first1=Sidharth |title=Boland breaks India's resistance as Australia claim WTC title |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-test-championship-2021-2023-1268315/australia-vs-india-final-1358412/match-report |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=9 May 2024 |language=en |date=11 June 2023}}</ref> During the [[Indian cricket team in the West Indies and the United States in 2023|2023 India tour of West Indies and USA]], Gill was the second-highest run-scorer in the ODI series, behind [[Ishan Kishan]].<ref>{{cite web |title=India in West Indies ODI Series, 2023 Records {{!}} Batting Most Runs Career |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/series/batting-most-runs-career/india-in-west-indies-odi-series-2023-15494 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=9 May 2024}}</ref>

Gill was selected for the Indian squad in the [[2023 Asia Cup]]. In the match against [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]], he scored his fifth ODI hundred, reaching 121 runs.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Monga |first1=Sidharth |title=Bangladesh weather Gill century to snatch consolation win |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2023-1388374/bangladesh-vs-india-12th-match-super-four-1388412/match-report |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=9 May 2024 |language=en |date=15 September 2023}}</ref> India won the tournament by defeating [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] in the final, with Gill emerging as the highest run-scorer of the tournament, tallying 302 runs.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brar |first1=Hemant |title=Red-hot Siraj scorches Sri Lanka in lopsided Asia Cup final |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2023-1388374/sri-lanka-vs-india-final-1388414/match-report |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=9 May 2024 |language=en |date=17 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Cricket Records in Asia Cup, 2023 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/asia-cup-2023-15623 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=9 May 2024}}</ref> In the [[2023 Cricket World Cup]], Gill missed the first two matches due to suffering from [[Dengue fever|dengue]]. He returned in the third match against [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite web |title='After-effects of dengue' to blame for Gill cramping up at Wankhede |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/icc-cricket-world-cup-2023-shubman-gill-cramped-up-because-of-after-effects-of-dengue-1409034 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=17 May 2024 |language=en |date=15 November 2023}}</ref> In the match against New Zealand, Gill became the fastest batsman to reach 2000 runs in ODIs, achieving this milestone in 38 innings and surpassing the previous record of 40 innings held by South African batsman [[Hashim Amla]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2023 |title=Shubman Gill Creates History; Sets New World Record After Completing 2000 Runs In ODI Cricket |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/icc-cricket-world-cup-2023-shubman-gill-creates-history-sets-new-world-record-after-completing-2000-runs-in-odi-cricket-india-vs-new-zealand-article-104630222 |access-date=23 October 2023 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref> India lost the final against Australia.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Miller |first1=Andrew |author1-link=Andrew Miller (cricketer, born 1987) |title=Head's magnificent 137 leads Australia to sixth World Cup title |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2023-24-1367856/india-vs-australia-final-1384439/match-report |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=17 May 2024 |language=en |date=19 November 2023}}</ref> Gill scored 354 runs in nine matches.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cricket Records in ICC Cricket World Cup, 2023/24 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/icc-cricket-world-cup-2023-24-15338 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=17 May 2024}}</ref>

In May 2024, he was named as a reserve player in India's squad for the [[2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]] tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India's Squad for the ICC Men's T20I World Cup 2024 |url=https://www.scorewaves.com/news-details/cricket-team-world-cup-squad-icc-mens-t20i-world-cup-2024 |access-date=11 June 2024 |website=ScoreWaves |language=en}}</ref>

In June 2024, he was named as the captain of India series against Zimbabwe, for five-match series. He captained the Indian Cricket Team for the first time, which India won by 4-1.

In February 2025, at the ICC Champions Trophy, Gill entered the tournament as the highest ranked ODI Batter.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Babar Azam Dethroned As No. 1 ODI Batter. Shubman Gill Takes The Crown {{!}} Cricket News |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/icc-champions-trophy-2025/babar-azam-dethroned-as-no-1-odi-batter-new-indian-king-shubman-gill-takes-the-crown-7745146 |access-date=2025-02-20 |website=NDTVSports.com |language=en}}</ref> He scored an unbeaten 101 to guide India to victory in the first group game against [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-20 |title=India vs Bangladesh LIVE Score, Champions Trophy 2025: Mohammed Shami, Shubman Gill Guide India To Easy 6-Wicket Win Over Bangladesh {{!}} Cricket News |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/icc-champions-trophy-2025/ind-vs-ban-icc-champions-trophy-live-updates-india-vs-bangladesh-match-live-score-7752016 |access-date=2025-02-20 |website=NDTVSports.com |language=en}}</ref>

In May 2025, following [[Virat Kohli]] and [[Rohit Sharma]]'s retirement from Test cricket, Gill was appointed as Test captain ahead of the five-match series against England, known as the [[Anderson–Tendulkar Trophy]]. The BCCI confirmed his appointment during a press conference in Mumbai, highlighting Gill's temperament and long-term potential as a leader in the longest format.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BCCI Breaks Silence On Snubbing Jasprit Bumrah, KL Rahul As Captain: "15-16 People..." {{!}} Cricket News |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/england-vs-india-2025/why-shubman-gill-was-chosen-over-jasprit-bumrah-kl-rahul-as-india-test-captain-bcci-says-extra-burden-8495669 |access-date=2025-07-03 |website=NDTV Sports |language=en}}</ref>

On 20 June 2025, in the first Test at [[Headingley Cricket Ground|Headingley (Leeds)]], Gill scored an unbeaten 127 on Day 1, anchoring India’s charge to 359/3 at stumps.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India vs England Highlights, 1st Test, Day 1, India Tour of England 2025: Shubman Gill, Yashasvi Jaiswal Shine With Ton As India Reach 359/3 At Stumps vs Eng {{!}} Cricket News |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/england-vs-india-2025/india-vs-england-live-score-1st-test-day-1-india-tour-of-england-2025-ind-vs-eng-live-updates-shubman-gill-ben-stokes-8715341 |access-date=2025-07-03 |website=NDTV Sports |language=en}}</ref> Despite his century, India eventually lost the match.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shubman Gill, Gautam Gambhir Get Reality Check As India Lose To England Despite Having 5 Centurions {{!}} Cricket News |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/england-vs-india-2025/shubman-gill-gautam-gambhir-get-reality-check-as-india-lose-to-england-despite-having-5-centurions-8752567 |access-date=2025-07-03 |website=NDTV Sports |language=en}}</ref> He became the fifth Indian captain to score a century on Test captaincy debut, joining [[Vijay Hazare]], [[Sunil Gavaskar]], [[Mohammad Azharuddin]], and [[Virat Kohli]], and the fourth to do so in SENA countries, after [[Vijay Hazare|Hazare]], [[Sunil Gavaskar|Gavaskar]], and [[Virat Kohli|Kohli]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shubman Gill Slams Ton, Makes History In 1st Game As India Captain. Joins Virat Kohli, Sunil Gavaskar {{!}} Cricket News |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/england-vs-india-2025/shubman-gill-slams-ton-makes-history-in-1st-game-as-india-captain-joins-virat-kohli-sunil-gavaskar-8719582 |access-date=2025-07-03 |website=NDTV Sports |language=en}}</ref>

On July 2, during the first day of the second Test at [[Edgbaston Cricket Ground|Edgbaston]], Gill followed up with another unbeaten century—scoring 114* to guide India to 310/5 at stumps.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India vs England Highlights, 2nd Test Day 1: Shubman Gill Slams Ton; Emulates Gavaskar, Kohli For Big Feat {{!}} Cricket News |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/england-vs-india-2025/india-vs-england-live-score-2nd-test-day-1-india-tour-of-england-2025-ind-vs-eng-live-updates-8812038 |access-date=2025-07-03 |website=NDTV Sports |language=en}}</ref> This made him the fourth Indian captain to score back-to-back centuries in his first two matches as captain, after [[Vijay Hazare|Hazare]], [[Sunil Gavaskar|Gavaskar]], and [[Virat Kohli|Kohli]]. He also became the second Indian captain after Kohli to score consecutive centuries at [[Edgbaston Cricket Ground|Edgbaston]].

In doing so, Gill became the fourth Indian Test captain to score centuries in three consecutive Tests against England—having previously scored one in Dharamshala during the 2024–25 home series, followed by centuries at [[Headingley Cricket Ground|Headingley]] and [[Edgbaston Cricket Ground|Edgbaston]] on the ongoing tour. This marked the fifth such instance overall by an Indian captain, after similar streaks by [[Mohammad Azharuddin]] (1984–85), [[Dilip Vengsarkar]] (1985–86), and [[Rahul Dravid]] (2002 and 2008–11).

Gill completed this innings with a score of 269 runs from 387 balls, registering his maiden Test double century. This marked the highest Test score by an Indian captain, the third-highest away Test score by an Indian batter, and the seventh-highest Test score for India overall.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bandarupalli |first=Sampath |date=3 July 2025 |title=Eng vs India 2025 - Shubman Gill records the highest ever score by an Indian captain |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/eng-vs-india-2025-stats-shubman-gill-records-the-highest-ever-score-by-an-indian-captain-1493326 |website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> In his second innings of the match, Gill scored another century with 161 runs, giving him an aggregate of 430, the second-highest in a Test behind [[Graham Gooch]]. He became the second batter to make two scores above 150 in a Test match, after [[Allan Border]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bandarupalli |first=Sampath |date=5 July 2025 |title=Eng vs India 2nd Test - Stats - Gill overtakes Gavaskar as India rack up 1014 runs |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/eng-vs-india-2nd-test-stats-gill-overtakes-gavaskar-as-india-rack-up-1014-runs-1493702 |website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

Gill was appointed as deputy to [[Suryakumar Yadav]] for [[2025 Asia Cup|Asia Cup 2025]].

In October 2025, [[West Indian cricket team in India in 2025–26|West Indies toured India]], as Gill captained his debut home test series. In the second test at [[Arun Jaitley Cricket Stadium]], Delhi, he scored an unbeaten 129, as India declared for 518/5. In doing so, Gill became second-fastest Indian and the third overall to score 5 centuries, after [[Alastair Cook]] (9 innings) and [[Sunil Gavaskar]] (10). It also become 3rd instance, of an Indian Captain notching up five test centuries in a calendar year, a record previously achieved twice only by [[Virat Kohli]] (2017 and 2018).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-10-11 |title=10 on 10! Shubman Gill surpasses Sachin Tendulkar, behind Virat Kohli after latest century |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/india-vs-west-indies/shubman-gill-surpasses-sachin-tendulkar-behind-virat-kohli-after-latest-century/articleshow/124472366.cms |access-date=2025-10-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-11 |title=Shubman Gill vrooms past Sachin Tendulkar, breaks Virat Kohli's record with maiden Test century as India captain |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/shubman-gill-vrooms-past-sachin-tendulkar-breaks-virat-kohlis-record-with-maiden-test-century-as-india-captain-101760172618649.html |access-date=2025-10-12 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Gill, who has accumulated 2,826 runs in the World Test Championship (WTC), became the highest run-scorer for India in the competition, surpassing [[Rishabh Pant]] (2,731), [[Rohit Sharma]] (2,716), and [[Virat Kohli]] (2,617).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rao |first=Chankesh |title=IND vs WI: Shubman Gill's maiden home Test ton fuels India's dominance in Delhi; takes him past Rohit Sharma, Virat Kohli in WTC run charts |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/cricket/report-ind-vs-wi-shubman-gill-s-maiden-home-test-ton-fuels-india-s-dominance-in-delhi-takes-him-past-rohit-sharma-virat-kohli-in-wtc-run-charts-3183802 |access-date=2025-10-12 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>

== Franchise career ==

=== 2018–2021: Kolkata Knight Riders ===
In January 2018, he was bought by the [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] for {{INRConvert|1.8|c}} in the [[List of 2018 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2018 IPL auction]].<ref name="IPL2018">{{Cite web |title=List of sold and unsold players |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22218394/ipl-2018-player-auction-list-sold-unsold-players |access-date=27 January 2018 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref name="IPLICC">{{Cite web |title=U19 World Cup stars snapped up in IPL auction |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/604757 |access-date=28 January 2018 |website=International Cricket Council}}</ref> He made his [[Twenty20]] debut for Kolkata Knight Riders in the [[2018 Indian Premier League]] on 14 April 2018.<ref name="T20">{{Cite web |title=10th match (N), Indian Premier League at Kolkata, Apr 14 2018 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1136570.html |access-date=14 April 2018 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Gill scored 203 runs in the 2018 season as KKR finished third, losing in Qualifier 2 against Sunrisers Hyderabad.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2018 |title=How IPL 2018 stint with KKR taught Shubman Gill to play under pressure |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/how-ipl-2018-stint-with-kolkata-knight-riders-taught-shubman-gill-to-play-under-pressure/story-Kd4wHKrYcZ7sHBjjT3rGgI.html |access-date=2 June 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

In March 2019, he was named as one of eight players to watch by the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC) ahead of the [[2019 Indian Premier League]] tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Premier League 2019: Players to watch |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1109658 |access-date=19 March 2019 |website=International Cricket Council}}</ref> Gill scored 296 runs in the 2019 season as KKR finished fifth. He also won the Emerging Player of the tournament award in the [[2019 Indian Premier League]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2019 |title=IPL 2019: Orange cap, Purple cap and other winners |url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/news/ipl-2019-orange-cap-purple-cap-and-other-winners-843123 |website=Cricket Country}}</ref>

In 2020, Gill scored 440 runs, making him the highest scoring player for KKR that season. The team would however finish fifth once again.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2020 |title=You might see me playing the reverse sweep in this IPL: Shubman Gill |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2020-you-might-see-me-playing-the-reverse-sweep-in-this-ipl-says-shubman-gill/story-chFAqZo3CePBWJ8mY66aIK.html |access-date=2 June 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

During the 2021 edition of the IPL, Gill scored 478, being KKR's highest scorer once again. KKR reached the final where Gill would score a half-century, however, the team would ultimately lose to CSK, coming second.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Super Kings vs KKR Scorecard 2021 {{!}} Cricket Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ipl-2021-1249214/chennai-super-kings-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-final-1254117/full-scorecard |access-date=2 June 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> After the announcement of two new teams entering the league, each team was allowed to retain up to 4 players but Gill was not retained.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Did KKR Make A Mistake By Not Retaining Shubman Gill? CEO's Blunt Response {{!}} Cricket News |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/ipl-2023/did-kkr-make-a-mistake-by-not-retaining-shubman-gill-ceos-blunt-response-3997041 |access-date=2 June 2023 |website=NDTVSports.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== 2022–present: Gujarat Titans ===
Ahead of the 2022 IPL auction, Gill was drafted by the newly formed [[Gujarat Titans]] franchise for {{INR convert|8|c|lk=off|year=2022}}.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 January 2022 |title=IPL 2022: Ahmedabad pick Hardik Pandya, Rashid Khan, Shubman Gill; Lucknow choose KL Rahul, Marcus Stoinis and Ravi Bishnoi |language=en |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/ipl-2022-ahmedabad-pick-hardik-rashid-gill-lucknow-choose-rahul-stoinis-and-bishnoi/articleshow/89046677.cms |access-date=29 January 2022}}</ref> Gill would score 483 runs in 2022, and the Titans would defeat Rajasthan Royals to win the 2022 IPL in their inaugural year.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 May 2022 |title=Gujarat Titans win IPL 2022, here's the history of one of cricket's prestigious tournaments over the years |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/gujarat-titans-win-ipl-2022-heres-the-history-of-one-of-crickets-prestigious-tournaments-over-the-years/articleshow/91886620.cms |access-date=2 June 2023 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

In the 2023 season, Gill scored 890 runs, becoming the second highest run scorer ever in a single IPL season and winning the orange cap.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2023 |title=IPL 2023 Orange Cap Winner: Shubman Gill eclipses Jos Buttler's record, falls short of Virat Kohli's mark |url=https://www.zeebiz.com/trending/sports/ipl/news-ipl-2023-orange-cap-winner-shubman-gill-eclipses-jos-buttlers-record-falls-short-of-virat-kohlis-mark-gt-vs-csk-ipl-2023-final-chennai-gujarat-ahmedabad-237717 |access-date=2 June 2023 |website=Zee Business}}</ref> In Qualifier 2 versus MI, Gill achieved the season's highest individual score of 129 off 60 balls and the record of highest ever score in an IPL playoffs match and second most centuries in an IPL season at 3.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2023 |title=Gems of strokes from Shubman Gill's 129 off 60: Slice, flick, swat and more |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/gems-of-strokes-from-shubman-gills-129-off-60-slice-flick-swat-and-more-8631212/ |access-date=2 June 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> While Gill played in his third consecutive final, the Titans lost to the [[Chennai Super Kings]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPL 2023 Final, CSK vs GT: MS Dhoni scripts history, plays 250th match and 11th final |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/ipl-2023/story/ipl-final-ms-dhoni-history-250th-match-11th-final-csk-vs-gt-ahmedabad-2386076-2023-05-29 |access-date=2 June 2023 |website=India Today |date=29 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

== International centuries ==
Gill has made 19 international [[Century (cricket)|centuries]]- 10 in [[Test cricket]], 8 in [[One Day International]] (ODI) and 1 in [[Twenty20|Twenty20 international]] (T20I).

=== Test centuries ===
{{static row numbers}} {{row hover highlight}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text hover-highlight"
!Runs
!Against
!Pos.
!Inn.
!Test
!Venue
!H/A
!Date
!Result
|-
|110
| {{Cr|BAN}}
|1
|3
|1/2
|[[Zohur Ahmed Chowdhury Stadium|Zahur Ahmed Chowdhury Stadium]], [[Chittagong|Chattogram]]
|Away
|14 December 2022
|Won
|-
|128
|{{Cr|AUS}}
|1
|2
|4/4
|[[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]]
|Home
|9 March 2023
|Drawn
|-
|104
|{{Cr|ENG}}
|3
|2
|2/5
|[[ACA–VDCA Cricket Stadium|ACA-VDCA Cricket Stadium]], [[Visakhapatnam|Vishakapatnam]]
|Home
|4 February 2024
|Won
|-
|110
|{{Cr|ENG}}
|3
|2
|5/5
|[[HPCA Stadium]], [[Dharamshala]]
|Home
|8 March 2024
|Won
|-
|119*
| {{Cr|BAN}}
|3
|3
|1/2
|[[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
|Home
|21 September 2024
|Won
|-
|147
| {{Cr|ENG}}
|4
|1
|1/5
|[[Headingley Cricket Ground]], [[Leeds]]
|Away
|20 June 2025
|Lost
|-
|269
| {{Cr|ENG}}
|4
|1
|2/5
|[[Edgbaston Cricket Ground]], [[Birmingham]]
|Away
|2 July 2025
|Won
|-
|161
|{{Cr|ENG}}
|4
|3
|2/5
|[[Edgbaston Cricket Ground]], [[Birmingham]]
|Away
|2 July 2025
|Won
|-
|103
|{{Cr|ENG}}
|4
|3
|4/5
|[[Old Trafford Cricket Ground]], [[Manchester]]
|Away
|23 July 2025
|Drawn
|-
|129*
|{{Cr|WIN}}
|4
|1
|2/2
|[[Arun Jaitley Cricket Stadium]], [[New Delhi]]
|Home
|11 October 2025
|Won
|}

=== ODI centuries ===
{{static row numbers}} {{row hover highlight}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text hover-highlight"
!Runs
!Against
!Pos.
!S/R
!Venue
!H/A/N
!Date
!Result
|-
|130
|{{Cr|ZIM}}
|3
|134.02
|[[Harare Sports Club]], [[Zimbabwe]]
|Away
|22 August 2022
|Won
|-
|116
|{{Cr|SRI}}
|2
|119.58
|[[Greenfield International Stadium]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]]
|Home
|15 January 2023
|Won
|-
|208
|{{Cr|NZL}}
|2
|139.59
|[[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium|Rajiv Gandhi International cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|Home
|18 January 2023
|Won
|-
|112
|{{Cr|NZL}}
|2
|143.58
|[[Holkar Stadium]], [[Indore]]
|Home
|24 January 2023
|Won
|-
|121
|{{Cr|BAN}}
|2
|90.98
|[[R. Premadasa Stadium]],[[Colombo]]
|Neutral
|15 September 2023
|Lost
|-
|104
|{{Cr|AUS}}
|2
|107.22
|[[Holkar Stadium]], [[Indore]]
|Home
|24 September 2023
|Won
|-
|112
|{{Cr|ENG}}
|2
|109.80
|[[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]]
|Home
|12 February 2025
|Won
|-
|101*
|{{Cr|BAN}}
|2
|78.29
|[[Dubai International Cricket Stadium]], [[Dubai]]
|Neutral
|20 February 2025
|Won
|}

=== T20I centuries ===
{{static row numbers}} {{row hover highlight}}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text hover-highlight"
!Runs
!Against
!Pos.
!S/R
!Venue
!H/A/N
!Date
!Result
|-
|126*
|{{Cr|NZL}}
|2
|200
|[[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]]
|Home
|1 February 2023
|Won
|}

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse]]''
| [[Spider-Man (Pavitr Prabhakar)|Pavitr "Pav" Prabhakar / Spider-Man India]]
| [[Hindi]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] [[Dubbing|dub]]; voice role
| <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukhopadhyay |first=Sounak |date=8 May 2023 |title=Shubman Gill is the voice of Indian Spider-Man |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/cricketer-shubman-gill-is-the-voice-of-indian-spider-man-dubs-in-hindi-and-punjabi-11683529084973.html |access-date=23 May 2023 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons}}
* {{cricinfo|id=1070173}}
* {{IMDb name|id=nm10193670|name=Shubman Gill}}
* {{Instagram}}

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|title= India squads
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Gill, Shubman}}
[[Category:1999 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
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[[Category:India Test cricketers]]
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[[Category:Indian A cricketers]]
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[[Category:Indian cricket captains]]

Ramesh Aravind filmography

2026-03-11T20:12:40Z

Dranvesh: reworked citations and added references for clarity

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}

[[Ramesh Aravind]] has acted in predominantly [[Kannada]] films apart from [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Hindi]], [[Malayalam]] and [[Tulu language|Tulu]] films.

== Kannada films ==
*''Note: he was credited as Ramesh from 1986 to 2005 and as Ramesh Aravind from 2005 to present.''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Ramesh Aravind Kannada film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| rowspan="3"|1986
| ''[[Sundara Swapnagalu]]'' || Prem ||
|
|-
| ''Mouna Geethe'' || Vishwa ||
|
|-
| ''[[Maneye Manthralaya]]'' || ||
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1987
| ''Sangrama'' || ||
|
|-
| ''[[Elu Suttina Kote]]'' || ||
|
|-
| 1988
| ''Ganda Mane Makkalu'' || Chandru ||
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|1989
| ''Madhu Masa'' || Vikram ||
|
|-
| ''[[Idu Saadhya]]'' || Dr. Prathap ||
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|1990
| ''Kempu Gulaabi'' || ||
|
|-
| ''[[Panchama Veda (film)|Panchama Veda]]'' || Ravi ||
|
|-
| rowspan="7"|1991
| ''Varagala Bete'' || ||
|
|-
| ''Punda Prachanda'' || ||
|
|-
| ''CBI Vijay'' || ||
|
|-
| ''[[C. B. I. Shiva]]'' || Bhaskar ||
|
|-
| ''[[Garuda Dhwaja]]'' || ||
|
|-
| ''[[Shanti Kranti]]'' ||Inspector Bharath||
|
|-
| ''Khiladi Gandu'' || ||
|
|-
| rowspan="3"|1992
| ''[[Belli Modagalu]]'' || ||
|
|-
| ''[[Vajrayudha (film)|Vajrayudha]]'' || ||
|
|-
| ''Pranayada Pakshigalu'' || ||
|
|-
| 1993
| ''Abhijith'' || ||
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|1994
| ''Musuku'' || Hemanth ||
|
|-
| ''Hanthaka'' || Vijay ||
|
|-
| rowspan="4"|1995
| ''[[Aragini]]'' || Sathya ||
|
|-
| ''[[Srigandha]]'' || Vivek || ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Srigandha, The Kannada Classic That Was Also Made In Telugu With These Actors |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/srigandha-the-kannada-classic-that-was-also-made-in-telugu-with-these-actors-7934479.html |website=News18 |access-date=23 September 2023 |language=en |date=27 May 2023 |archive-date=22 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022153047/https://www.news18.com/movies/srigandha-the-kannada-classic-that-was-also-made-in-telugu-with-these-actors-7934479.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''Baalondu Chaduranga'' || ||
|
|-
| ''[[Anuraga Sangama]]'' ||Ramesh ||
|
|-
| rowspan="3"|1996
| ''[[Karpoorada Gombe]]'' || Ramesha ||
|
|-
| ''Boss'' || Kiran ||
|
|-
| ''[[Nammoora Mandara Hoove]]'' || Praveen ||
|
|-
| rowspan="8"|1997
| ''[[America America (1996 film)|America America]]'' || Surya || {{Won}}{{br list|—[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actor]] | Won—Screen Videocon Award for Best Actor}}
|
|-
| ''[[Rangena Halliyage Rangada Rangegowda]]'' || Ramesh ||
|
|-
| ''[[Amruthavarshini (film)|Amruthavarshini]]'' || Abhishek Bharadwaj || {{Won}}{{br list|—[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Kannada]] | Won—Screen Videocon Award for Best Actor}}
|
|-
| ''[[O Mallige]]'' || Krishnamurthy/Kitty || {{Won}}—[[Udaya Film Awards|Udaya Film Award for Best Actor]]
|
|-
| ''[[Ulta Palta (1997 film)|Ulta Palta]]'' || Devaraj ||
|
|-
| ''Maduve'' || ||
|
|-
| ''[[Mungarina Minchu]]'' || Chethan ||
|
|-
| ''[[Prema Raga Haadu Gelathi]]'' || Kashi ||
|
|-
| rowspan="11"|1998
| ''Anthargami'' ||Ravi ||
|
|-
| ''Megha Banthu Megha'' ||Chandrashekhar ||
|
|-
| ''[[Thutta Mutta]]'' || Harsha ||
|
|-
| ''Avala Charitre'' || ||
|
|-
| ''[[Yaare Neenu Cheluve]]'' || Ramesh || Guest appearance
|
|-
| ''O Gandasare Neevestu Oleyavaru'' || ||
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Hoomale]]'' || rowspan="2" | Santosh || Also story writer || rowspan="2" |
|-
| {{Won}}{{br list|—[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actor]] | Won—[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Kannada]] | Won—Filmfans Association Award for Best Actor}}
|-
| ''Suvvi Suvvalali'' || ||
|
|-
| ''[[Bhoomi Thayiya Chochchala Maga]]'' || Bharath Kumar ||
|
|-
| ''[[Kanasalu Neene Manasalu Neene]]'' || Himself || Special appearance
|
|-
| rowspan="9"| 1999
| ''[[Chandrodaya]]'' || Sunil Kumar ||
|
|-
| ''[[Sambhrama]]'' || Murali || {{Won}}—Filmfans Association Award for Best Actor
|
|-
| ''[[Prathyartha]]'' || Akshay/Robert ||
|
|-
| ''[[Idu Entha Premavayya]]'' ||Arun ||
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cscsarchive.org/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/762F8FD883257EA365256940004B7BC2?OpenDocument|title=The film's moral is money|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=7 February 1999|via=cscsarchive.org}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Chandramuki Pranasakhi]]'' || Susheel || {{Won}}—Cinema Express Award for Best Actor – Kannada
|
|-
| ''[[Hrudaya Hrudaya]]'' ||Dr. Suresh||
|
|-
| ''[[Aryabhata (film)|Aryabhata]]'' || Anand ||
|
|-
| ''[[Arunodaya (film)|Arunodaya]]'' || Mohan ||
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.onlinebangalore.com/movi/arunodaya/ |title=Movie Review |website=www.onlinebangalore.com|access-date=27 August 2022|archive-date=27 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827214836/https://www.onlinebangalore.com/movi/arunodaya/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Snehaloka]]'' || Ramesh ||
|
|-
| rowspan="3"|2000
| ''[[Shrirasthu Shubhamasthu]]'' ||Karthik ||
|
|-
| ''[[Deepavali (2000 film)|Deepavali]]'' || Harishchandra ||
|
|-
| ''[[Nan Hendthi Chennagidale]]''|| Himself || Special appearance
|
|-
| rowspan="7"|2001
| ''[[Mahalakshmi (film)|Mahalakshmi]]'' || Shyam a.k.a. Karna ||
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/english/knock_out/mahalaxmi.html|title=MORONIC MAHALAKSHMI|work=[[Chitraloka.com]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010412075955/http://www.chitraloka.com/english/knock_out/mahalaxmi.html|archive-date=12 April 2001|url-status=dead|access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kurigalu Saar Kurigalu]]'' || Rommy ||
|
|-
| ''[[Hoo Anthiya Uhoo Anthiya]]'' || Shivu ||
|
|-
| ''Premi No.1'' || Muddu Krishna||
|
|-
| ''[[Shaapa]]'' || Shekar ||
|
|-
| ''Amma Ninna Tholinalli'' || ||
|
|-
| ''[[Kothigalu Saar Kothigalu]]'' || Rommy || {{Won}}—[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Kannada]]
|
|-
| rowspan="3"|2002
| ''Mutthu'' || Shivanna ||
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sify.com/movies/kannada/review.php?id=10954537&ctid=5&cid=2427 |title=Review: Muthu |work=[[Sify]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050111204418/http://sify.com/movies/kannada/review.php?id=10954537&ctid=5&cid=2427|archive-date=11 January 2005|access-date=6 December 2023 |author=Moviebiz}}</ref>

|-
| ''[[Ninne Preethisuve]]'' || Kalyan ||
|
|-
| ''[[Olu Saar Bari Olu]]'' || Raghu ||
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.viggy.com/english/review_olu.asp |title=Olu Saar Bari Olu film review. Ramesh strikes again | access-date=3 December 2023 | archive-date=20 February 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220153026/http://www.viggy.com/english/review_olu.asp | url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2003
| ''[[Pakka Chukka]]'' || Rami a.k.a. Pakka, Rami's father || Dual role
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://viggy.com/english/review_pakkachukka.asp |title=Pakka Chukka – a Kannada comedy film of Ramesh and S. Narayan | access-date=13 September 2022 | archive-date=22 April 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422113326/http://viggy.com/english/review_pakkachukka.asp | url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Katthegalu Saar Katthegalu]]'' || Rommy ||
|
|-
| ''[[Kushalave Kshemave]]'' || Murali ||
|
|-
| rowspan="3"|2004
| ''[[Bisi Bisi]]'' || Vijay || Also singer and writer
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/jan252004/movies.asp | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516214935/http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/jan252004/movies.asp | archive-date=16 May 2017 |title=Movie Reviews News – Deccan Herald}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Apthamitra]]'' || Ramesh ||
|
|-
| ''[[Joke Falls]]'' || Prof. Ananth Patil ||
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2005
| ''[[Varsha (2005 film)|Varsha]]'' || Ravi ||
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Rama Shama Bhama]]'' || rowspan="2" | Rama || Also director || rowspan="2" |
|-
| {{Won}}{{br list|—[[Udaya Film Awards|Udaya Film Award for Best Debut Director]] | Won—[[Suvarna Film Awards|Suvarna Film Award for Best Actor in a Comedy role]]}}
|-
| ''[[Vishnu Sena]]'' ||Ramesh||
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2006
| ''A Aa E Ee'' || ||
|
|-
| ''[[Tenali Rama (film)|Tenali Rama]]'' || Thenali/Thengin Thotad Nagappa Lingappa ||
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/tenali/20061211.htm |title=Tenali Rama disappoints | access-date=27 August 2022 | archive-date=27 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827192556/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/tenali/20061211.htm | url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3"|2007
| ''[[Ekadantha]]'' || Vakrathunda/Vakky ||
|
|-
| ''[[Soundarya (film)|Soundarya]]'' || Ramesh ||
|
|-
| ''[[Sathyavan Savithri]]'' || Dr. Sathya || Also director
|
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Accident (2008 film)|Accident]]'' || Sawanth || Also director
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2009
| ''[[Venkata in Sankata]]'' || Venkata || Also director
|
|-
| ''[[Mooru Guttu Ondu Sullu Ondu Nija]]'' || Appu ||
|
|-
| rowspan="7"|2010
| ''[[Crazy Kutumba]]'' || Shankar Gouda Patil ||
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-kannada-movie-review-crazy-kutumba/20100215.htm |title=Take your family for Crazy Kutumba |first=Shruti Indira |last=Lakshminarayana |website=Rediff|access-date=14 August 2021|archive-date=14 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814122234/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-kannada-movie-review-crazy-kutumba/20100215.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Krishna Nee Late Aagi Baaro]]'' || Krishna ||
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=V. S. |first=Rajapur |date=11 April 2010 |title=Krishna Nee Late Aagi Baaro Review |url=https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/6754/kannada/krishna-nee-late-aagi-baaro/2566/review.htm |website=NowRunning|access-date=14 August 2021|archive-date=14 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814122235/https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/6754/kannada/krishna-nee-late-aagi-baaro/2566/review.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Naanu Nanna Kanasu]]'' || Jayanth || Guest appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Preethiyinda Ramesh]]'' || Ramesh ||
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 May 2010 |title=Preethiyinda Ramesh Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/preethiyinda-ramesh/movie-review/5940147.cms |website=The Times of India|access-date=14 August 2021|archive-date=14 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814122233/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/preethiyinda-ramesh/movie-review/5940147.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Hendtheer Darbar]]'' || Shivaramu ||
|
|-
| ''[[Cheluveye Ninne Nodalu]]'' || Narrator || Voice-over
|
|-
| ''[[Shock (2010 film)|Shock]]'' || Ramesh ||
|<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/shock/movie-review/6883852.cms | title=Shock Movie Review {3.5/5}: Critic Review of Shock by Times of India | website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2011
| ''[[Rangappa Hogbitna]]'' || Ramesha ||
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-review-rangappa-hogbitna-is-a-sorry-effort-at-situational-comedy-1506768 |title=Review: "Rangappa Hogbitna" is a sorry effort at situational comedy |first=Sunayana |last=Suresh |date=12 February 2011 |website=DNA India|access-date=14 August 2021|archive-date=13 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313114755/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-review-rangappa-hogbitna-is-a-sorry-effort-at-situational-comedy-1506768|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kalla Malla Sulla]]'' || Ramesh ||
|
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Nammanna Don]]'' || Dr. Arjun || Also director
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2013
| ''[[Chathrigalu Saar Chathrigalu]]'' || Rammi || Also writer
|
|-
| ''[[Mangana Kaiyalli Manikya]]'' || Manu ||
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2013 |title=Mangana Kaili Manikya Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/mangana-kaili-manikya/movie-review/21401647.cms |website=The Times of India|access-date=14 August 2021|archive-date=14 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814122233/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/mangana-kaili-manikya/movie-review/21401647.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Mahasharana Haralayya]]'' ||[[Basavanna]] ||
|<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/mahasharana-haralayya/movie-review/28707526.cms | title=Mahasharana Haralayya Movie Review {3.5/5}: Critic Review of Mahasharana Haralayya by Times of India | website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2016
| ''[[...Re]]'' || Papanna "Paapu" ||
|
|-
| ''[[Hey Sarasu]]''|| Seetharama Rao || || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/stop-music-piracy-17713.html|title='Stop music piracy'|date=13 August 2009|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|access-date=25 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2017
| ''[[Pushpaka Vimana (2017 film)|Pushpaka Vimana]]''||Anatharamiha|| 100th Kannada film
|
|-
| ''[[Sundaranga Jaana|Sundaraanga Jaana]]''|| Ramesh Arvind ||
Cameo
|
|-
| 2018
|''[[Tunturu (film)|Tunturu]]'' || || ||
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Shivaji Surathkal]]''
| Shivaji Suratkal
| {{Nominated}}—[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Kannada]]
|
|-
| 2021
| ''[[100 (2021 film)|100]]''
| Vishnu
| Also director
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Ramesh Aravind's latest movie '100' to hit the screens on November 19 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/ramesh-aravinds-latest-movie-100-to-hit-the-screens-on-november-19-1051320.html |access-date=18 November 2021 |work=Deccan Herald |date=16 November 2021 |language=en |archive-date=16 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116110039/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/ramesh-aravinds-latest-movie-100-to-hit-the-screens-on-november-19-1051320.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Shivaji Surathkal 2]]''
| Shivaji Surathkal
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-11 |title=Shivaji Surathkal-2: "IKEA"ದಲ್ಲಿ ಬಿಡುಗಡೆಯಾದ 'ಶಿವಾಜಿ ಸುರತ್ಕಲ್ 2' ಟೀಸರ್ |url=https://zeenews.india.com/kannada/entertainment/teaser-of-ramesh-aravind-starrer-shivaji-surathkal-2-released-in-ikea-93026 |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=Zee News Kannada |language=kn |archive-date=24 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124081057/https://zeenews.india.com/kannada/entertainment/teaser-of-ramesh-aravind-starrer-shivaji-surathkal-2-released-in-ikea-93026 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=1|2024
|''[[Bhairadevi]]''
|DCP Aravind
|
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/after-apthamitra-i-have-done-a-horror-film-of-its-kind-in-bhairadevi-says-ramesh-aravind-article-113877504|title=After Apthamitra, I Have Done A Horror Film Of Its Kind In Bhairadevi, Says Ramesh Aravind|website=TimesNowNews.com|date=2 October 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=4| 2026
|''[[Raktha Kashmira]]''
|Himself
|Special appearance in the song "Star Star"
|
|-
|{{pending film|italic=no| ''[[KD: The Devil]]''}}
| Dharma Alam
|
|-
|{{pending film|italic=no|''Yours Sincerely Raam''}}
|
|
|-
|{{pending film|italic=no|''Daiji''}}
|
|
|
|-
|}

== Tamil films ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Ramesh Aravind Tamil film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| 1987 || ''[[Manathil Uruthi Vendum]]'' ||Ramesh||credited as Aravind
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1988 || ''[[Unnal Mudiyum Thambi]]'' || Charukesi || Uncredited
|
|-
| ''[[Penmani Aval Kanmani]]'' || Meenakshi's husband || ||
|-
| 1990 || ''[[Keladi Kanmani]]'' || Sashi || ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1991 || ''[[Vasanthakala Paravai]]'' || Ravi || ||
|-
| ''[[Marikozhundhu]]'' || Seenu || ||
|-
| ''[[Idhaya Vaasal]]'' || Aravind || ||
|-
| ''Anbulla Thangachikku'' || Ramesh || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1992 || ''[[Urimai Oonjaladugirathu]]'' ||James|| ||
|-
| ''[[Mouna Mozhi]]'' || Chandru || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1993 || ''Puthiya Thendral'' || Arun || ||
|-
| ''[[Maharasan]]'' || Ramesh || ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1994 || ''[[Duet (1994 film)|Duet]]'' || Siva || ||
|-
| ''[[Chinna Pulla]]'' || Madhan || rowspan="2" | Guest appearances ||
|-
| ''[[Pathavi Pramanam]]'' || Selvamani ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |1995
| ''[[Sathi Leelavathi (1995 film)|Sathi Leelavathi]]'' || Arunachalam || ||
|-
| ''[[Paattu Vaathiyar]]'' || Ramesh || ||
|-
| ''Vetri En Pakkam'' || || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1996 || ''[[Meendum Savithri]]'' || Anandakrishnan || ||
|-
| ''[[Avvai Shanmughi]]''|| Himself || rowspan="2" | Guest appearances ||
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Jodi (1999 film)|Jodi]]''|| Sivabalan ||
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Rhythm (2000 film)|Rhythm]]'' || Srikanth || ||
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Kutty (2001 film)|Kutty]]'' || Ranganathan || ||
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Panchathantiram]]'' || Ganesh Hegde || ||
|-
| 2004 || ''Kadhale Engal Desiya Geetham'' || || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/kadhalay-engal-desiya-geetham-preview-tamil-movie-7169 |title=Kadhalay Engal Desiya Geetham Tamil Movie Preview cinema review stills gallery trailer video clips showtimes | access-date=23 May 2023 | archive-date=21 July 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721052832/https://www.indiaglitz.com/kadhalay-engal-desiya-geetham-preview-tamil-movie-7169 | url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Mumbai Xpress]]'' || Thambhu || ||
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Manmadhan Ambu]]'' || Rajan || ||<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/ramesh-aravind-in-ma-hindi-news-62540.html |title=Ramesh Aravind in Â'MAÂ' – Bollywood News |date=23 December 2010|access-date=11 February 2022|archive-date=11 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211011132/https://www.indiaglitz.com/ramesh-aravind-in-ma-hindi-news-62540.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Uttama Villain]]'' ||Himself|| {{br list | Also director | Guest appearance}} ||
|}

== Other language films ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Ramesh Aravind other language film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Language
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1988 || ''Indradhanassu'' || || rowspan="5"|[[Telugu language|Telugu]] || credited as Aravind ||
|-
| ''[[Rudraveena (film)|Rudraveena]]'' || Charukesa || credited as Ramesh ||
|-
| ''O Bharya Katha''|| Gowtham|| Uncredited role || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Latest Telugu News, Movies, Celebrities, Images & Videos {{!}} V CINEMA |url=https://www.vcinema.com/movie/o-bharya-katha-1988 |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=www.vcinema.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 1989 || ''Akhari Kshanam'' || || ||
|-
| 1991 || ''[[Parama Sivudu]]'' || Raja || ||
|-
| 1993 || ''Avan Ananthapadmanabhan'' || Ananthu || [[Malayalam]] || ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1996 || ''[[Little Soldiers]]'' || Aravind || rowspan="2"|Telugu || ||
|-
| ''[[Meendum Savithri|Neti Savithri]]'' || Anandakrishna || ||
|-
| ''[[Aur Ek Prem Kahani]]'' || Satyamoorthy || [[Hindi]] || ||
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Golmaal (2003 film)|Golmaal]]'' || Amar Sastry || Telugu || ||
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Mumbai Xpress]]'' || Thambhu || Hindi || ||
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Nirel]]'' || Himself ||[[Tulu language|Tulu]] || Guest appearance ||
|}

==Television==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Ramesh Aravind television credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Language
! scope="col" | Channel
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1995 || ''Kaiyalavu Manasu'' || || rowspan="3" | Tamil || rowspan="2"|[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] || ||
|-
| ''Chinna Chinna Aasai'' || ||Acted in story "Nirangal" ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rWfMKHf_89Y |title=Chinna Chinna Aasai (Nirangal) {{pipe}} Episode 5 {{pipe}} Tamil Serial {{pipe}} Pyramid Plus | website=[[YouTube]] |date=31 August 2021 | access-date=7 July 2022 | archive-date=7 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707144812/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rWfMKHf_89Y&gl=US&hl=en | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2004 || Diwali Interview with [[Kamal Haasan]] || rowspan="5"|Host || [[Jaya TV]] || ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sify.com/entertainment/movies/kannada/fullstory.php?id=13614399|title=Ramesh Aravind to do a guest role in Kamal's film!|date=22 November 2004|work=[[Sify]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041204180855/http://sify.com/entertainment/movies/kannada/fullstory.php?id=13614399
|archive-date=4 December 2004|access-date=18 August 2024|last=Moviebuzz}}</ref>
|-
| 2009 || ''Preetyinda Ramesh'' || rowspan="5"|Kannada || Kasturi TV ||52 episodes ||<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nettv4u.com/about/Kannada/tv-shows/preethiyinda-ramesh |title=KANNADA TV SHOW PREETHIYINDA RAMESH|access-date=14 August 2020|archive-date=24 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624092617/https://nettv4u.com/about/Kannada/tv-shows/preethiyinda-ramesh|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2011 || ''Raja Rani Ramesh'' || ETV Kannada || 26 Episodes ||<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://kannada.filmibeat.com/tv/20-raja-rani-ramesh-season2-by-ramesh-aravind-aid0052.html |title=ರಾಜ ರಾಣಿ ರಮೇಶ್ ಗಮನಸೆಳೆಯುತ್ತಿರುವ ಗೇಮ್ ಶೋ |website=filmibeat|access-date=14 August 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011192113/https://kannada.filmibeat.com/tv/20-raja-rani-ramesh-season2-by-ramesh-aravind-aid0052.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2014–present || ''[[Weekend with Ramesh]]'' || [[Zee Kannada]] ||104 Episodes ||<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/coming-soon-Weekend-with-ramesh-season-3/articleshow/57268741.cms |title=Coming soon: Weekend with Ramesh season 3 |work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-05-12|archive-date=3 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303202253/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/coming-soon-weekend-with-ramesh-season-3/articleshow/57268741.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Kannadada Kotyadhipati]]'' ||[[Star Suvarna]] || Season 3 ||<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/ramesh-aravind-to-host-kannada-kotyadipathi/articleshow/63960553.cms |title=Ramesh Aravind to host Kannada Kotyadipathi |website=The Times of India|access-date=14 August 2020 |author=Vinay Lokesh |date=29 April 2018|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011192113/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/ramesh-aravind-to-host-kannada-kotyadipathi/articleshow/63960553.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2019–2020 || [[Nandini (TV series)|''Nandini'' Season 2]] || Narrator || [[Udaya TV]] || ||
|-
|}

===As producer===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Ramesh Aravind television credits as producer
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Language
! scope="col" | Channel
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| 2019–2020 || [[Nandini (TV series)|''Nandini'' Season 2]] || rowspan="4" |Kannada || rowspan=2 | [[Udaya TV]] ||
|-
| 2021–2023 || ''Sundari'' ||<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/new-series-sundari-to-be-launched-on-udaya-tv/article33535544.ece |title=New series 'Sundari' to be launched on Udaya TV |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url-access=subscription |access-date=9 January 2021 |date=9 January 2021 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109083931/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/new-series-sundari-to-be-launched-on-udaya-tv/article33535544.ece |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2023–present || ''Neenadena'' || rowspan="2" | [[Star Suvarna]] ||
|-
| 2023–present || ''Aase'' ||
|}

==As director and writer==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Ramesh Aravind film credits as director and writer
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Year
! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Title
! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Language
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Credited as
! rowspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! rowspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
! scope="col" | Director
! scope="col" | Writer
|-
| 1998 || ''[[Hoomale]]'' || rowspan="9"|[[Kannada]] || || {{Yes}}||
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Bisi Bisi]]'' || || {{partial|Screenplay}} || ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2005 || ''[[Amrithadhare]]'' || || {{partial|Story}} || ||
|-
| ''[[Rama Shama Bhama]]'' || {{yes}} || {{partial|Screenplay}} || Remake of Tamil film ''[[Sathi Leelavathi (1995 film)|Sathi Leelavathi]]'' ||
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Sathyavan Savithri]]'' || {{yes}} || {{partial|Screenplay}} || ||
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Accident (2008 film)|Accident]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || ||
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Venkata in Sankata]]'' || {{yes}} || {{partial|Screenplay}} || ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Nammanna Don]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || ||
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Chathrigalu Saar Chathrigalu]]'' || || {{yes}} || ||
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Uttama Villain]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] || {{yes}} || || ||
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Sundaranga Jaana]]'' || rowspan="3"|Kannada || {{yes}} || || Remake of Telugu film ''[[Bhale Bhale Magadivoy]]'' ||
|-
| 2021 || ''[[100 (2021 film)|100]]'' || {{yes}} || {{partial|Screenplay}} || Remake of Tamil film, ''[[Thiruttu Payale 2]]'' ||<ref>{{Cite news |last=R |first=Shilpa Sebastian |date=26 August 2019 |title=On the sets of Ramesh Aravind's '100' |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/actor-ramesh-aravinds-100-is-about-a-person-who-stalks-women-on-social-media/article29258619.ece|access-date= |issn=0971-751X|archive-date=4 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204224107/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/actor-ramesh-aravinds-100-is-about-a-person-who-stalks-women-on-social-media/article29258619.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{TableTBA}} || {{pending film|italic=no| ''[[Butterfly (upcoming film)|Butterfly]]''}} || {{yes}} || {{partial|Screenplay}} || rowspan="2" | Remakes of Hindi film ''[[Queen (2014 film)|Queen]]'' ||
|-
| {{TableTBA}} || {{pending film|italic=no| ''[[Paris Paris]]''}} || Tamil || {{yes}} || {{partial|Screenplay}} ||
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=0033243}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aravind, Ramesh filmography}}
[[Category:Indian filmographies]]
[[Category:Male actor filmographies]]
[[Category:Director filmographies]]

2025 Abujhmarh clash

2026-03-09T02:34:01Z

Dranvesh: adding first page from scratch!

{{Short description|Maoist attack in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = 2025 Abujhmarh clash
| partof = the [[Naxalite-Maoist insurgency]]
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| date = 21 May 2025
| place = [[Abujhmarh]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[India]]
| territory =
| result = Government victory<ref>{{Cite news|title=Chhattisgarh encounter: Death of Maoist top leader Nambala Keshav Rao deals major blow to Naxalism|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/chhattisgarh-encounter-death-of-maoist-top-leader-nambala-keshav-rao-deals-major-blow-to-naxalism-3551133|access-date=2025-05-22|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref>
| combatant1 = {{flagicon image|South Asian Communist Banner.svg}} [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)]]
| combatant2 = {{flag|India}}
| commander1 = {{flagicon image|South Asian Communist Banner.svg}} [[Nambala Keshava Rao]]{{KIA}}
| commander2 = Unknown
| units1 = [[People's Liberation Guerrilla Army (India)|PLGA]]
| units2 = [[District Reserve Guard]]
| strength1 = 35<ref>{{Cite news|title=Basavaraju's death due to 'betrayal' by some in core formations: Naxals|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/basavarajus-death-due-to-betrayal-by-some-in-core-formations-naxals/articleshow/121422461.cms|access-date=2025-05-28|website=[[Times of India]]}}</ref>
| strength2 = 100+
| casualties1 = 28 killed<ref>{{Cite news|title=Top Maoist leader Basava Raju among 27 killed in encounter with security forces in Chhattisgarh|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/maoists-dead-encounter-chhattisgarh-abujhmad-narayanpur-10019156/|access-date=2025-05-21|website=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref>
| casualties2 = 1 Killed 1 injured<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.patrika.com/en/narayanpur-news/naxal-encounter-27-rebels-killed-in-narayanpur-raju-with-bounty-over-%e2%82%b91-crore-feared-dead-one-jawan-martyred-19613129 |title=Naxal Encounter: 27 rebels killed in Narayanpur, Raju with bounty over ₹1 crore feared dead, one jawan martyred |website=www.patrika.com}}</ref>
| casualties3 =
| notes =
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Naxalite insurgency}}
}}

The '''2025 Abujhmarh clash''' was an [[Encounter killing|encounter]] between [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)]] and Indian security forces in the [[Abujhmarh]] forest area in [[Chhattisgarh]], India. It was among the deadliest clashes in the recent history of the [[Naxalite–Maoist insurgency|Naxalite–Maoist insurgency in India]]. The Maoist leader [[Nambala Keshava Rao]], having a combined bounty of ₹3.5 Crore (around US$410,000), was killed in the encounter.<ref>{{Cite news|title=26 Maoists killed in encounter with security forces in Chhattisgarh's Bastar|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/ranchi-news/26-maoists-killed-in-encounter-with-security-forces-in-chhattisgarh-s-bastar-101747809786739.html|access-date=2025-05-21|website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-21 |title='Brutal revolutionary' behind most audacious Naxal attacks in history: Story & significance of Basavaraju, dreaded Maoist leader allegedly killed in encounter |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/basavaraju-dreaded-maoist-leader-killed-chhattisgarh-10019574/ |access-date=2025-05-21 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Background==
Four units of [[District Reserve Guard]] were combing the area of Maad, which is a remote area in Abhujmarh known for its insurgent activity, the forces had already got intelligence indicating presence of top Maoist leaders camping near the area.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Who Was Basava Raju? Top Naxal Commander Involved In 2010 Dantewada Attack Killed in Narayanpur Encounter |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/who-was-basava-raju-top-naxal-commander-involved-in-2010-dantewada-attack-killed-in-narayanpur-encounter |access-date=2025-05-21 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref>

Until 2023, the Abhujmarh forest was safe heaven for Maoists and most senior leadership camped in that area. The Hunt for the top Nambala keshava Rao began months ago, with each cadre surrendering they were thoroughly interrogated by the Intelligence unit to get any information regarding the top leadership. The Cadres of Platoon No.7 which guarded the top leaders, were a top lookout for the Security forces, cadres of this unit know valuable information regarding the leadership and have good navigation ideas of the dense Abhujmarh forest. Many of the Captured/surrendered cadres tried to mislead investigation by giving false statements or twisted inputs but any information regarding the target was noted by the authorities.<ref name=":1" />

==Incident==
On May 20, the day before the encounter, the District Reserve Guard members were searching the Maad area of the Abhujmarh forest for Senior members of the group. The unit could not find them and settled in for the night. Unbeknownst to the DRG, Nambala Keshava Rao and his Platoon No.7 was also spending the night just 1 km ahead of them.

On May 21, at 7 AM a sapper from the Maoists suddenly encountered a DRG soldier searching the area, in a panic moment the maoist bayoneted his rifle into the DRG soldier and in a scuffle of resistance, a shot was fired. The Maoist scattered and ran towards south of the forest but encountered a unit of the Security forces then they ran north and encountered another unit of DRG, Feeling surrounded they made a defensive perimeter around a person in an elevated position and fired. The DRG observing suspected the person was a high value target so they return fire taking out the target. When the target was down, the maoists scattered and ran away but soon all of them were gun downed.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|title=The inside story of how senior Maoist leader Basavaraju was killed in Abujmad|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/how-a-surrendered-maoist-became-key-link-in-operation-that-killed-basavraju-101748079982324.html|access-date=2025-05-26|website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

After the firefight was subsided, a DRG member who was a former maoist and served in the Platoon No.7 identified the killed target as Nambala Keshava Rao alias Basavraj who is the General-Seceretary of the CPI(Maoist), which is the highest position in group, and a cache of weapons was also recovered from the site. Other Senior member included Madhu, who is Senior member in the Dandakaranya Special Zonal Committee (DSZC).<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Top Maoist leader Basavraju among 27 killed in Chhattisgarh’s Narayanpur|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/chhattisgarh/chhattisgarh-narayanpur-maoists-encounter-may-21-2025/article69600457.ece|access-date=2025-05-22|website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Naxal leader Basava Raju killed in encounter. Is this the end of the Maoist movement?|url=https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/naxal-leader-basava-raju-killed-in-encounter-is-this-the-end-of-the-maoist-movement-13890480.html|access-date=2025-05-22|website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref>

==Aftermath==
The Operation can be considered as a severe blow to Maoist group and its insurgency as its leader has been eliminated. Nambala Keshava Rao had a bounty of ₹3.5 Crore by different state and central agencies on his head and was placed in the [[NIA Most Wanted]] list and it was the first time in three decades since the top most leader of the group was eliminated.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maoist Basavaraju killed: How 50-hour-long Op Kagar ended era of red terror|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nambala-keshava-rao-basavaraju-killed-chhattisgarh-naxal-encounter-red-terror-2728416-2025-05-21|access-date=2025-05-22|website=[[India Today]]}}</ref>

[[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]] [[Amit Shah]] has vowed to eliminate Maoist insurgency by March 2026 and this incident can be considered a major step towards the stated goal.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Who was Maoist leader Basavaraju, whose death Amit Shah calls a ‘major breakthrough’?|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/news/who-was-maoist-leader-basavaraju-whose-death-amit-shah-calls-a-major-breakthrough|access-date=2025-05-22|website=News Minute}}</ref> The [[Bharatiya Janata Party – Karnataka|Karnataka BJP]] unit in reference to the killings, posted an AI generated meme featuring Shah holding a cauliflower over a tombstone engraved "Naxalism Rest in Peace", in its Twitter account. The cauliflower plant had emerged as an insider dogwhistle among [[Hindu nationalism|Hindu nationalists]] and [[Trads (Hindutva)|Hindu fundamentalists]], referring to the [[1989 Bhagalpur violence|1989 Bhagalpur riots]], where an attempt was made to hide a [[mass grave]] of 116 [[Bihari Muslims]] killed by Hindus by planting cauliflower seeds over the ground, making its first appearance in the communal clashes in [[Nagpur]] [[2025 Nagpur violence|that occurred 2 months before]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahalanobish |first=Ankita |date=2025-05-24 |title=After Maoist deaths, BJP Karnataka shares 'cauliflower' meme, a reference to the 1989 Bhagalpur riots |url=https://www.altnews.in/after-maoist-deaths-bjp-karnataka-shares-cauliflower-meme-a-reference-to-the-1989-bhagalpur-riots/ |access-date=2026-03-08 |website=Alt News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=TCN News - TwoCircles.net |url=https://twocircles.net/2025may28/452032.html |access-date=2026-03-08 |website=twocircles.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=T. N. M. |date=2025-05-05 |title=Karnataka BJP slammed for cauliflower meme on Chhattisgarh Maoist killings |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/karnataka/karnataka-bjp-slammed-for-cauliflower-meme-on-chhattisgarh-maoist-killings |access-date=2026-03-08 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>

The total bounty of the killed cadres was ₹12.3 crores which will be equally distributed to the DRG unit personnel who took part in this operation.<ref>{{Cite news|title=27 Maoists killed carried total bounty of 12.3 cr; 25, including 12 women, were for Basavaraju’s protection|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/27-maoists-killed-carried-total-bounty-of-12-3-cr-25-including-12-women-were-for-basavarajus-protection/articleshow/121350603.cms|access-date=2025-05-23|website=[[Times of India]]}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[2024 Kanker clash]]
*[[2024 Abujhmarh clash]]
*[[2025 Bijapur clash]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Abhujmarh clash, 2025}}
[[Category:2020s in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:May 2025 in India]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Maoist) attacks]]
[[Category:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency]]
[[Category:Military operations involving India]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Asia in 2025]]

Chennakeshava Temple, Aralaguppe

2026-03-04T21:09:03Z

Dranvesh: brief fix references per sources and updated info

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chennakeshava Temple
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Hindu temple
| image_skyline = Chennakeshava temple at Aralaguppe.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Chennakeshava temple (1250 A.D.) at Aralaguppe
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|13.2522|76.6155|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tumkur District]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
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| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
The '''Chennakeshava temple''', dedicated to the Hindu god [[Vishnu]], is located in Aralaguppe, a small town in Karnataka state, India.<ref name="tumkuru">{{cite web |url= http://tumkur.nic.in/|title= General Information-Tumkur District Tourist Places|work= Deputy Commissioners Office |publisher= National Informatics Center|access-date=7 July 2012}}</ref> Aralaguppe is located 60 km from the city of [[Hassan, Karnataka|Hassan]]. The temple was built around 1250 during the rule of the [[Hoysala Empire]] King [[Vira Someshwara]].<ref name="hassan">Foekema (1996), p 39</ref> The temple is a protected monument under the Karnataka state division of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]].<ref name="protected">{{cite web |url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_protected_monu_karnataka.asp|title=Protected Monuments in Karnataka|work=Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India|publisher=Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts|access-date=10 August 2012}}</ref>

==Temple plan==
[[File:A profile of the Chennakeshava Temple at Aralaguppe.JPG|thumb|right|Chennakeshava temple at Aralaguppe, mantapa outer wall molding frieze and panel relief between and below eves]]
Though the temple is simple and elegant, it is a highly articulate example of [[Hoysala architecture]]. Architecturally, the plan is 16-star pointed (stellate) with a well design ''[[shikhara]]'' (tower) over the ''vimana'' (shrine). The ''[[Kalasha|kalasa]]'' on top (a decorative water-pot at the top of the tower<ref name="water">Foekema (1996), p 27</ref>) is missing though.<ref name="pot">Foekema (1996), p 40</ref> The tower starts with a topping roof which is also 16-star pointed and is followed by four tiers of square roofs, some of which still have their decorative ''kalasa''.<ref name="pot"/><ref name="standard">Kamath (2001), p 134</ref>

This is a ''ekakuta'' plan (single shrine with a tower) with the temple raised on a platform called ''[[jagati (temple)|jagati]]''.<ref name="jagati">Foekema (1996), p 21, p 25</ref><ref name="jagati1">Kamath (2001), p 135</ref> The decorative plan of the walls of the shrine and the ''[[mantapa]]'' (hall) is of the "new kind", a plan in which the temple has two eaves. The first heavy eave runs below the superstructure and all around the temple with a projection of about half a meter. The second eave runs around the temple about a meter below the first. In between the two eaves are the well chiseled miniature decorative towers ([[aedicula]]) on [[pilaster]]s. Below the second eaves are the wall panel of images of Hindu [[deity|deities]] and their attendants in [[relief]].<ref name="pot"/><ref name="standard"/><ref name="deity">Foekema (1996), p 28</ref> Below this, at the base, are the six equal-width rectangular [[Molding (decorative)|moldings]] ([[frieze]]). Starting from the top, the friezes depict ''hansa'' (birds) in the first frieze, ''[[Makara (Hindu mythology)|makara]]'' (aquatic monsters) in the second, epics and other stories in the third (which in this case is from the Hindu epic [[Ramayana]] and stories of [[Krishna]]), leafy scrolls in the fourth, horses in the fifth and elephants at the bottom.<ref name="base">Foekema (1996), p 29, p 40</ref> The cella (sanctum) contains an image of [[Keshava]] (a version of the Hindu god Krishna) raised on a large pedestal.<ref name="pot"/>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Chennakeshava Temple at Aralaguppe(stellate shrine wall).JPG|Star pointed shrine architecture, Chennakeshava temple at Aralaguppe
File:Chennakeshava Temple at Aralaguppe (stellate shrine).JPG|Star pointed shrine from another angle, Chennakeshava temple at Aralaguppe
File:A Ceiling inside the mantapa (hall) at Chennakeshava Temple at Aralaguppe.JPG|Ornate domical bay ceiling in Chennakeshava temple at Aralaguppe
File:Chennakeshava Temple at Aralaguppe (tower close up).JPG|Close up of star pointed (stellate) ''vimana'' in Chennakeshava temple at Aralaguppe
</gallery>

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{commons category}}
* Gerard Foekema, A Complete Guide to Hoysala Temples, Abhinav, 1996 {{ISBN|81-7017-345-0}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kamath |first=Suryanath U. |title=A concise history of Karnataka: from pre-historic times to the present |orig-year=1980 |year=2001 |publisher=Jupiter books |location=Bangalore |oclc=7796041 |lccn=80905179}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Tumakuru district]]
[[Category:13th-century Hindu temples]]

North Karbi-Anglong Wildlife Sanctuary

2026-03-04T07:36:27Z

Dranvesh: Put up a info w/ refs

{{Short description|Proposed protected area in Assam, India}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = North Karbi-Anglong Wildlife Sanctuary
| alt_name =
| iucn_category =
| iucn_ref =
| image =
| image_caption =
| map = India
| relief =1
| coordinates = {{coord|25|33|N|92|10|E|display=inline,title}}
| coords_ref =
| established = Proposed
| area_km2 = 96
| elevation =
| nearest_city = [[Jorhat]]
| governing_body =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''North Karbi-Anglong Wildlife Sanctuary''' is a proposed [[Protected areas of India|protected area]] and [[List of wildlife sanctuaries of India|wildlife sanctuary]] located in the [[Karbi Anglong district]] of the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Assam]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wii.gov.in/eia/wildlife_database/Assam|title=Wildlife Sanctuaries in Assam|work=[[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]], [[Government of India]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref>

== Description ==
Located to the south of the [[Kaziranga National Park]], the sanctuary covers an area of {{cvt|96|km2}} and is contiguous with the [[East Karbi-Anglong Wildlife Sanctuary]].<ref name="Compendium">{{cite report|url=https://tourism.gov.in/sites/default/files/2023-04/9%20Compendium%20Book_2021_Low%20%281%29%20%282%29.pdf|title=National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries in India|work=[[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]], [[Government of India]]|date=November 2021|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="Assam">{{cite web|url=https://forest.assam.gov.in/portlets/wildlife-sanctuary#North|title=North Karbi-Anglong Wildlife Sanctuary|work=[[Government of Assam]]|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=21 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321001423/https://forest.assam.gov.in/portlets/wildlife-sanctuary#North|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Fauna found in the sanctuary include [[Indian elephant]], [[Bengal tiger]], [[gaur]], [[barking deer]], [[sambar deer]], [[sloth bear]], [[rhesus macaque]], [[hoolock gibbon]], [[capped langur]], and [[slow loris]].<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="Assam"/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

{{Protected Areas of India}}

[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Assam]]
[[Category:Karbi Anglong district]]

Das Ka Dhamki

2026-03-03T09:18:27Z

Dranvesh: New a info

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{infobox film
| name = Das Ka Dhamki
| image = Das Ka Dhamki.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Vishwak Sen]]
| writer = {{Ubl | Vishwak Sen | [[Prasanna Kumar Bezawada]]}}
| producer = {{Ubl | Karate Raju | Vishwak Sen}}
| music = {{Ubl | [[Leon James (composer)|Leon James]] | [[Ram Miriyala]] (1 song)}} Bhadru Nayak
| editing = Anwar Ali
| cinematography = {{Ubl | Dinesh K. Babu | [[George C. Williams (cinematographer)|George C. Williams]] (1 song)}}
| starring = {{Ubl
| Vishwak Sen
| [[Nivetha Pethuraj]]
}}
| studio = {{Ubl | Vanmaye Creations | Vishwaksen Cinemas}}
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| runtime = 151 minutes
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2023|03|22}}
| budget = 
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|23.20 crores}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Das Ka Dhamki Total WW Collections! |url=https://t2blive.com/das-ka-dhamki-total-ww-collections/ |date=14 May 2023}}</ref>
}}

'''''Das Ka Dhamki''''' ({{translation|Das' Warning}}) is a 2023 Indian Telugu-language [[action comedy film|action comedy]] [[thriller film]] directed by [[Vishwak Sen]], who co-wrote the story along with [[Prasanna Kumar Bezawada]]. It is produced by Karate Raju, Vishwak's father, under the banners, Vanmaye Creations and Vishwaksen Cinemas. It stars Vishwak in a [[dual role]] as hero and villain alongside [[Nivetha Pethuraj]], while [[Rao Ramesh]], [[Tharun Bhascker]], [[Akshara Gowda]], [[Hyper Aadi]], [[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]], and [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]] play supporting roles.

''Das Ka Dhamki'' was released on 22 March 2023 to mixed reviews from critics and became a commercial success at the box office.<ref name="Vishwak Sen’s 'Das Ka Dhamki' releasing worldwide in theatres on March 22">{{cite news |last1=Telangana Today |first1= |title=Vishwak Sen's 'Das Ka Dhamki' releasing worldwide in theatres on March 22 |url=https://telanganatoday.com/vishwak-sens-das-ka-dhamki-releasing-worldwide-in-theatres-on-march-22 |access-date=11 March 2023 |date=9 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311104155/https://telanganatoday.com/vishwak-sens-das-ka-dhamki-releasing-worldwide-in-theatres-on-march-22|archive-date=11 March 2023}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Krishna Das is a waiter at a five-star hotel in Hyderabad called "Eestin", who tries to live a lavish lifestyle, as he is constantly degraded by customers for being poor. Along with his friends, Mahesh and Aadhi, Krishna tries to live life to the fullest. One day at the hotel, Krishna meets Keerthi, and she falls in love with him due to Krishna projecting himself as the CEO of the pharmaceutical company "SR Pharma Life." Keerthi later finds out that Krishna cheated her with her lies and is later fired from the hotel. In a desperation to arrange money for his living arrangements, Krishna is found by SR Pharma Life's co-founder.

It is later revealed that the CEO of SR Pharma Life Sanjay Rudra is Krishna's doppelgänger. Sanjay is a rich and kind-hearted doctor who is developing a drug that can cure cancer in order to achieve his dream of a cancer-free world. He later finds an investor named Dhanunjay, who invests {{INR}}10,000 crore into the project. When Sanjay mysteriously dies in a car accident, Krishna is asked to take over the responsibility of the company and Sanjay's family for 10 days. This leaves Krishna confused and happy as he can lead a rich life and impress Keerthi for a short period. However, Krishna decides to investigate the accident and deduces that he himself is the sole cause of Sanjay's death, as he was racing Sanjay and poured coffee on his car's windshield, causing the accident to occur.

Krishna has a hard time adjusting to the fact that he is responsible for Sanjay's death and admits this to Sanjay's paralyzed mother Janakamma. Unable to act as Sanjay, Krishna calls Sanjay's uncle Siddharth and tells him that he will reveal his identity and that Sanjay died in a car accident. It is then revealed that Sanjay is still alive and is not the person who he claims to be. Sanjay and his professor invented a drug that can cure cancer, but Sanjay killed his professor after his refusal to sell the drug in order to make profits. However, the drug only worked once and ended up killing everyone in the clinical trials. This caused Sanjay to come up with his own form of the drug; however, that too failed miserably. Sanjay then tried to escape abroad with the ₹10,000 crore and used Krishna in the process.

Krishna ends up escaping from the police and calls Keerthi for help, but later learns that she was also behind the scandal and had just used Krishna to get Sanjay out of the country. Keerthi's real name is Dolly. Not knowing what to do, Krishna gets Mahesh and Aadhi to help him lure Sanjay into a trap. Sanjay later falls into the trap, and Krishna uses the opportunity to switch places with Sanjay, while getting him arrested. Krishna then gets Sanjay's family (except his mother) also arrested and leaves the place with all the money, where he also dupes Keerthi into believing that he is Sanjay and marries her. A year later, it is revealed that Sanjay has come up with a mind control drug in prison, which allows him to escape. Sanjay calls Krishna, telling him about his return, implying that the story would continue in ''Dhamki 2''.

==Cast==

{{Cast listing|
*[[Vishwak Sen]] in a [[dual role]] as
**Krishna Das ([[Protagonist]])
**Dr. Sanjay Rudra ([[Antagonist]])
*[[Nivetha Pethuraj]] as Keerthi/Dolly
*[[Rao Ramesh]] as Siddharth Malhotra, Sanjay's uncle
*[[Tharun Bhascker]] as a blue car customer
*[[Akshara Gowda]] as Deepthi, Krishna Das' manager
*[[Hyper Aadi]] as Aadhi, Krishna Das' friend
*Mahesh Achanta as Mahesh, Krishna Das' friend
*[[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]] as Investor Dhanunjay
*[[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]] as Janakamma, Sanjay's mother
*[[Prudhvi Raj]] as Sanjay's uncle
*[[Rajitha]] as Sanjay's aunt
*[[Surya (Telugu actor)|Surya]] as Sanjay’s professor
*[[Duvvasi Mohan]] as Chef Babai Janakiram
*[[Muralidhar Goud]] as Sanjay’s pretending father
*Shaurya Kare as Sanjay’s colleague
*Rati Hulji as Sanjay’s fiancée
*Kadambari Kiran as Chandra Shekhar, a house owner
*Amith Sharma as Ajay, Keerthi’s date
*Santosh Babu as Waiter Santosh
*[[Pranati Rai Prakash]] in a special appearance in the [[item song]], "O Dollar Pillagaa"
}}

== Production ==
In March 2022, it was announced that Naresh Kuppili and Vishwak Sen would be coming together for a second film called ''Das Ka Dhamki.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vishwak Sen, Nivetha Pethuraj to reunite in Das Ka Dhumki |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2022/mar/09/vishwak-sen-nivetha-pethuraj-to-reunite-in-das-ka-dhumki-30163.html |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=9 March 2022 |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313181813/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2022/mar/09/vishwak-sen-nivetha-pethuraj-to-reunite-in-das-ka-dhumki-30163.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Vishwak Sen, Nivetha Pethuraj and Naresh Kuppili reunite for Das Ka Dhumki |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vishwak-sen-nivetha-pethuraj-and-naresh-kuppili-reunite-for-das-ka-dhumki/articleshow/90092503.cms |access-date=2023-03-12 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2023-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313181813/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vishwak-sen-nivetha-pethuraj-and-naresh-kuppili-reunite-for-das-ka-dhumki/articleshow/90092503.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Later that month Vishwak decided to direct the film instead. Filming commenced in March 2022 in Hyderabad<ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=2022-03-09 |title=Vishwak Sen, Nivetha Pethuraj-starrer titled 'Das Ka Dhumki' |url=https://telanganatoday.com/vishwak-sen-nivetha-pethuraj-starrer-titled-das-ka-dhumki |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=Telangana Today |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313181813/https://telanganatoday.com/vishwak-sen-nivetha-pethuraj-starrer-titled-das-ka-dhumki |url-status=live }}</ref> and was completed in February 2023.

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Das Ka Dhamki
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Leon James (composer)|Leon James]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2023
| recorded = 2022–2023
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 10:39
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| label = [[Saregama]]
| producer = Leon James
| prev_title = [[Ori Devuda]]
| prev_year = 2022
| next_title = [[Single Shankarum Smartphone Simranum]]
| next_year = 2023
}}
The [[film score]] and [[soundtrack album]] of the film is composed by [[Leon James (composer)|Leon James]] with one song, "Mawa Bro" composed by [[Ram Miriyala]].

{{Tracklist
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Almost Padipoyindhe Pilla
| length1 = 3:33
| lyrics1 = Purnachari
| music1 = [[Leon James (composer)|Leon James]]
| extra1 = Adithya RK, Leon James
| title2 = Mawa Bro
| length2 = 3:39
| lyrics2 =[[Kasarla Shyam]]
| music2 = [[Ram Miriyala]]
| extra2 = Ram Miriyala
| title3 = O Dollar Pillagaa
| length3 = 3:27
| lyrics3 = Purnachari
| music3 = Leon James
| extra3 = Deepak Blue, [[Mangli]]
| total_length = 10:39|
}}

== Release ==
''Das Ka Dhamki'' was scheduled to release on 17 February 2023, but was later postponed. Finally, the film was theatrically released on 22 March 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The second trailer of Das Ka Dhamki is here |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2023/mar/12/the-secondtrailer-of-das-ka-dhamki-is-here-40967.html |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=12 March 2023 |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313024841/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2023/mar/12/the-secondtrailer-of-das-ka-dhamki-is-here-40967.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-13 |title=Have You Seen The Second Trailer Of Vishwak Sen's Das Ka Dhamki Yet? |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/makers-of-vishwak-sens-das-ka-dhamki-drop-second-trailer-watch-here-7283785.html |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313125955/https://www.news18.com/movies/makers-of-vishwak-sens-das-ka-dhamki-drop-second-trailer-watch-here-7283785.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Das Ka Dhamki: Vishwak Sen announces delay in movie release; here's the reason |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/das-ka-dhamki-vishwak-sen-announces-delay-in-movie-release-heres-why/articleshow/97735272.cms |access-date=2023-03-13 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2023-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313181825/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/das-ka-dhamki-vishwak-sen-announces-delay-in-movie-release-heres-why/articleshow/97735272.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Vishwak Sen's Das Ka Dhamki first look out: Here's when the film will release |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vishwak-sens-das-ka-dhamki-first-look-out-heres-when-the-film-will-release/articleshow/95574073.cms |access-date=2023-03-13 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2023-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313181813/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vishwak-sens-das-ka-dhamki-first-look-out-heres-when-the-film-will-release/articleshow/95574073.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The worldwide theatrical rights of the film were sold at a cost of {{INR|8 crore}}.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-22 |title='Das Ka Dhamki': Vishwak Sen, Nivetha Pethuraj's film makes Rs 8 crore in pre-release business |work=[[The Economic Times]] |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/das-ka-dhamki-vishwak-sen-nivetha-pethurajs-film-makes-rs-8-crore-in-pre-release-business/articleshow/98912156.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-03-25 |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=2023-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325064818/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/das-ka-dhamki-vishwak-sen-nivetha-pethurajs-film-makes-rs-8-crore-in-pre-release-business/articleshow/98912156.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> It was dubbed and theatrically released in [[Hindi]] on 14 April 2023.

=== Home media ===
The digital streaming rights were acquired by [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]].<ref>{{Cite web |title="Das ka dhamki Streaming on Aha Video. Retrieved 28 April 2023. |url=https://www.aha.video/movie/das-ka-dhamki |access-date=7 May 2023 |archive-date=7 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507192143/https://www.aha.video/movie/das-ka-dhamki |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |date=2023-04-12 |title=Das Ka Dhamki to Premiere on OTT Platform |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/das-ka-dhamki-to-premiere-on-ott-platform-792467 |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en |archive-date=2023-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507192144/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/das-ka-dhamki-to-premiere-on-ott-platform-792467 |url-status=live }}</ref> It premiered on Aha on 14 April 2023 in Telugu language. It has been dubbed and premiered in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] in Aha on 12 May 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2023 |title=Das Ka Dhamki on OTT : Here's when and where you can watch the Tamil dubbed version of vishwak sen's film |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/das-ka-dhamki-tamil-on-ott-when-and-where-to-watch-dubbed-version-of-vishwak-sens-film/43cf2a863b421 |access-date= |website=Ottplay |archive-date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513173400/https://www.ottplay.com/amp/news/das-ka-dhamki-tamil-on-ott-when-and-where-to-watch-dubbed-version-of-vishwak-sens-film/43cf2a863b421 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Reception ==
=== Critical reception ===
Srivathsan Nadadhur of ''[[HT Media|OTTplay]]'' gave 3 out of 5 stars and wrote "''Das Ka Dhamki'' is a largely engaging commercial cocktail that goes overboard in trying to outsmart the viewer with its twists. Writer Prasanna Bezawada’s entertaining script, despite its issues, has enough meat to keep you invested. Vishwak Sen in his second directorial makes commendable progress as a storyteller and relishes the juicy prospect of enacting a dual role."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/das-ka-dhamki-review-despite-the-twist-overdose-vishwak-sens-film-entertains/8a54fc961f144|title=Das Ka Dhamki review: Despite the twist-overdose, Vishwak Sen's film entertains|website=OTTplay|access-date=2023-06-05|archive-date=2023-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605062024/https://www.ottplay.com/review/das-ka-dhamki-review-despite-the-twist-overdose-vishwak-sens-film-entertains/8a54fc961f144|url-status=live}}</ref>

Neeshita Nyayapathi of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 2 out of 5 stars and wrote "''Das Ka Dhamki'' is a film that’s just potential wasted. It works only in parts and spends the ending setting up a conflict for a sequel. Did it need as many cuss words? Probably no. Could’ve it done with some fine tuning? Yes. Maybe they’ll do that in the next part!"<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/das-ka-dhamki/movie-review/98904824.cms|title=Das Ka Dhamki Movie Review: This dhamki isn't that potent|website=The Times of India}}</ref> Raghu Bandi of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' gave 2 out of 5 stars and wrote "''Das Ka Dhamki'' is entertaining if you are in the mood for a typical commercial potboiler."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/das-ka-dhamki-movie-review-a-typical-commercial-potboiler-8512977|title=Das Ka Dhamki movie review: A typical commercial potboiler|website=The New Indian Express|date=22 March 2023 |access-date=2023-06-05|archive-date=2023-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331032824/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/das-ka-dhamki-movie-review-a-typical-commercial-potboiler-8512977/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "Vishwak Sen co-writes, directs and dons dual roles but this shape-shifting story is a test of patience."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/das-ka-dhamki-telugu-movie-review-an-over-indulgent-exercise/article66648925.ece|title='Das ka Dhamki' movie review: An over-indulgent exercise|website=The Hindu|date=22 March 2023 |access-date=2023-06-05|archive-date=2023-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605053731/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/das-ka-dhamki-telugu-movie-review-an-over-indulgent-exercise/article66648925.ece|url-status=live |last1=Dundoo |first1=Sangeetha Devi }}</ref>

Abhilasha Cherukuri of ''Cinema Express'' gave 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "''Das Ka Dhamki'' ends with the promise of a sequel. And if it materializes, I hope the writing is as strong and meaningful as Vishwak’s aspirations."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/review/2023/mar/22/das-ka-dhamki-movie-reviewa-masala-entertainer-that-chooses-formula-over-form-41415.html|title=Das Ka Dhamki Movie Review: A masala entertainer that chooses formula over form|website=Cinema Express|date=22 March 2023 |access-date=2023-06-05|archive-date=2023-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529184522/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/review/2023/mar/22/das-ka-dhamki-movie-reviewa-masala-entertainer-that-chooses-formula-over-form-41415.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|23745844}}

[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films scored by Leon James (composer)]]
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:2023 Telugu-language films]]

Sai ministry

2026-02-17T18:14:56Z

Dranvesh: Put up new article!

{{Short description|Indian state administration}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}

{{Infobox government cabinet
| cabinet_type = Ministry
| cabinet_number = 6th
| jurisdiction = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| flag = Coat of arms of Chhattisgarh.svg
| incumbent =
| image = Vishnudeo Sai.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = '''[[Vishnu Deo Sai]]'''
| date_formed = 13 December 2023
| date_dissolved =
| government_head = [[Vishnu Deo Sai]]
| government_head_title = [[Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh|Chief Minister]]
| deputy_government_head = [[Arun Sao]] [[Vijay Sharma (politician)|Vijay Sharma]]
| deputy_government_head_title = [[Deputy Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh|Deputy Chief Minister]]
| state_head = [[Ramen Deka]]
| state_head_title = [[Governor of Chhattisgarh|Governor]]
| members_number = 14 (including CM)
| total_number =
| political_parties = {{Color box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|'''BJP''']]
| legislature_status = [[Majority government|Majority]]
{{Composition bar|54|90|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
| opposition_party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| opposition_leader = [[Charan Das Mahant]]
| election = [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| last_election = [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| legislature_term = 5 years
| previous = [[Baghel ministry]]
| successor =
|former_members_resigned=1}}

The '''Vishnu Deo Sai ministry''' represents the formation of the sixth cabinet of the Indian state [[Chhattisgarh]] under the leadership of [[Vishnu Deo Sai]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/politically-correct/vishnu-deo-sai-is-new-chhattisgarh-cm-whats-behind-modi-shahs-push-for-fresh-faces-in-states/1880937/|title=Vishnu Deo Sai is new Chhattisgarh CM. What's behind Modi-Shah's push for fresh faces in states|first=D. K.|last=Singh|website=[[ThePrint]] |date=11 December 2023}}</ref> who is elected as the fourth [[Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh]]. The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP), led by Vishnudeo Sai, secured an absolute majority in the [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]], winning 54 out of the 90 seats in the [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|state assembly]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/chhattisgarh-assembly/from-village-sarpanch-to-chief-minister-vishnu-deo-sai-has-risen-through-the-ranks/article67625395.ece|title=From village sarpanch to Chief Minister, Vishnu Deo Sai has risen through the ranks|first=Shubhomoy|last=Sikdar|newspaper=The Hindu |date=10 December 2023|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/former-union-minister-vishnu-deo-sai-is-the-new-chhattisgarh-chief-minister-sources-4651040|title=Tribal Leader Vishnu Deo Sai Is New Chhattisgarh Chief Minister|website=NDTV.com|first1=Anurag|last1=Dwary|first2=Marya|last2=Shakil|editor-first=Anindita|editor-last=Sanyal|date=11 December 2023|accessdate=1 August 2024}}</ref>

==Council of Ministers==
Source:<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-07 |title=Chhattisgarh swearing-in: List of MLAs who took oath as Cabinet Ministers |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/chhattisgarh-cm-vishnu-deo-sai-expands-cabinet-inducts-nine-ministers-101703227349695.html |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Chhattisgarh Chief Minister allocates portfolios, ex-IAS O P Choudhary gets finance">{{cite news |last1=India Today |date=4 January 2024 |title=Chhattisgarh Chief Minister allocates portfolios, ex-IAS O P Choudhary gets finance |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/chhattisgarh-vishnu-deo-sai-allocates-portfolios-ex-ias-o-p-choudhary-gets-finance-2482101-2023-12-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104174828/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/chhattisgarh-vishnu-deo-sai-allocates-portfolios-ex-ias-o-p-choudhary-gets-finance-2482101-2023-12-29 |archivedate=4 January 2024 |accessdate=4 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-20 |title=Chhattisgarh cabinet expanded, 3 first-term MLAs take oath as ministers |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/chhattisgarh/chhattisgarh-cabinet-expanded-3-first-term-mlas-take-oath-as-ministers/article69954716.ece |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Chhattisgarh cabinet expanded, 3 BJP MLAs sworn in as ministers |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/ranchi-news/chhattisgarh-cabinet-expanded-3-bjp-mlas-sworn-in-as-ministers-101755679171629.html |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[List of chief ministers of Chhattisgarh|'''Chief Minister''']] {{bulleted list
|General Administration
|Mineral Resources
|Energy
|Public Relation
|Transport
|Excise
|}} Any other departments not allocated to any Minister.
| minister1 = [[Vishnu Deo Sai]]
| minister1_termstart = 13 December 2023
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Deputy Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh|'''Deputy Chief Minister''']] {{bulleted list
|Public Works
|Public Health Engineering
|Law & Legislative Affairs
|Urban Administration & Development
|}}
| minister1 = [[Arun Sao]]
| minister1_termstart = 13 December 2023
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Deputy Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh|'''Deputy Chief Minister''']] {{bulleted list
|Home Affairs
|Rural Development and Panchayat
|Technical Education
|Science and Technology
|}}
| minister1 = [[Vijay Sharma (politician)|Vijay Sharma]]
| minister1_termstart = 13 December 2023
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = {{bulleted list
|Minister of School Education
|Minister of Law & Legislative Affairs
|Village Industries
|}}
| minister1 = [[Gajendra Yadav]]
| minister1_termstart = 20 August 2025
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = {{bulleted list
| Agriculture
| Scheduled Tribes Development
|}}
| minister1 = [[Ramvichar Netam]]
| minister1_termstart = 22 December 2023
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = {{bulleted list
|Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection
|}}
| minister1 = [[Dayaldas Baghel]]
| minister1_termstart = 22 December 2023
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = {{bulleted list
|Parliamentary Affairs
|Water Resources
|Forest and Climate Change
|Cooperatives
|}}
| minister1 = [[Kedar Nath Kashyap]]
| minister1_termstart = 22 December 2023
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = {{bulleted list
|Commerce and Industry
|Labour
|}}
| minister1 = [[Lakhan Lal Dewangan]]
| minister1_termstart = 22 December 2023
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = {{bulleted list
| Health and Family Welfare
| Medical Education
| Other Backward Classes and Minorities Development
| 20-Point Implementation
|}}
| minister1 = [[Shyam Bihari Jaiswal]]
| minister1_termstart = 22 December 2023
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = {{bulleted list
|Finance
|Commercial Tax
|Housing
|Environment
|Planning, Economics and Statistics
|}}
| minister1 = [[O. P. Choudhary]]
| minister1_termstart = 22 December 2023
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}

{{Cabinet table minister
| title = {{bulleted list
| Women and Child Development
| Social Welfare
|}}
| minister1 = [[Laxmi Rajwade]]
| minister1_termstart = 22 December 2023
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}

{{Cabinet table minister
| title = {{bulleted list
|Revenue
|Disaster Management
|Sports and Youth Welfare
|}}
| minister1 = [[Tank Ram Verma]]
| minister1_termstart = 22 December 2023
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}

{{Cabinet table minister
| title = {{bulleted list
|Minister of Tourism and Culture
|Minister of Dharmik Nyas (Religious Trust) and Dharmsva
|}}
| minister1 = [[Rajesh Agrawal]]
| minister1_termstart = 20 August 2025
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = {{bulleted list
| Skill development
| Technical Education and Employment
| Scheduled Caste Development}}
| minister1 = [[Guru Khushwant Saheb]]
| minister1_termstart = 20 August 2025
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}

{{Cabinet table minister
| title = {{bulleted list
|School Education
|Public Health Engineering
|Law & Legislative Affairs
|Urban Administration & Development
|Minister of Higher Education
|Minister of Tourism and Culture
|Minister of Dharmik Nyas (Religious Trust) and Dharmsva
|}}
| minister1 = [[Brijmohan Agrawal]]
| minister1_termstart = 22 December 2023
| minister1_termend = 19 June 2024
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}

{{Cabinet table end}}

== Achievements ==
===Philanthropy===
Beyond politics, Sai has actively engaged in social work, particularly focused on tribal education and the development of essential infrastructure in tribal regions. He has been a consistent advocate for improving the living standards of backward tribes, reflecting a deep-rooted commitment to social welfare. Known for his reverence for Lord Shri Ram, Sai staunchly opposes conversions through compulsion or deception.<ref name='TOI'>{{cite web |title=Chhattisgarh CM Vishnu Deo Sai, a non-controversial tribal leader with strong organisational skills |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/raipur/sai-a-non-controversial-tribal-leader-with-strong-organisational-skills/articleshow/105888041.cms |website=The Times of India |date=11 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Sikdar |first1=Shubhomoy |title=Vishnu Deo Sai {{!}} Rising above the script |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/vishnu-deo-sai-rising-above-the-script/article67669987.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=23 December 2023}}</ref>

===Kanwar Community Development===
Within the Kanwar community of Chhattisgarh, Vishnu Deo Sai is a well-known and revered individual who serves as a guide to the group's members. In addition to Sai, his wife, Kaushalya Sai, is an active participant in the processes that lead to the development of the Kanwar community. There is a sizeable community of members of the Kanwar tribe in Northern Chhattisgarh. These individuals can be found in all six districts that make up the Surguja division, as well as in the districts of [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]], [[Korba, Chhattisgarh|Korba]], [[Raigarh|Raigar]]h, and [[Janjgir]]. Throughout the Kanwar community, Vishnu Deo Sai has been an important figure in the process of raising awareness about the need of education.<ref name='bt'>{{cite web |title=Vishnu Deo Sai: A Leader Nurtured by Commitment and Service |url=https://www.brutimes.com/news/politics/vishnu-deo-sai-a-leader-nurtured-by-commitment-and-service |website=Bru Times News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Meet Vishnu Deo Sai: Tribal leader set to become Chhattisgarh Chief Minister |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/chhattisgarh-assembly-polls-2023/story/vishnu-deo-sai-chhattisgarh-chief-minister-tribal-face-bjp-assembly-election-meeting-mlas-2474229-2023-12-10 |website=India Today |language=en |date=10 December 2023}}</ref>

=== Naxalism Stance ===
Since assuming the role of Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh, Vishnu Deo Sai has swiftly implemented numerous decisive measures for public welfare, profoundly impacting both the state and national political landscape. In tackling the longstanding issue of Naxalism in Chhattisgarh, Sai has employed a strategy of "Boli ka Jawab Boli Se aur Goli ka Jawab Goli" (dialogue for dialogue, and bullet for bullet).<ref>{{cite web |title=Chhattisgarh CM Vishnu Deo Sai: 'Naxals referred to Congress govt as our govt … People have lost faith in them' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/chhattisgarh-cm-vishnu-deo-sai-naxals-referred-to-congress-govt-as-our-govt-9234657/ |website=The Indian Express |language=en |date=26 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Chhattisgarh CM Stresses Fight Against Naxalism, Praises Security Personnel For Abujhmad Op |url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/chhattisgarh-cm-vishnu-deo-sai-on-8-naxalites-killed-in-abujhmad-bastar-ig-naxalism-1695893 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en |date=15 June 2024}}</ref>

Within a mere four months of his tenure, security forces engaged in multiple encounters with Maoists in Bastar, resulting in the killing of over 100 Naxalites, including several high-profile leaders with substantial bounties on their heads. Notably, a large number of Maoists and their supporters have surrendered, drawn by the rehabilitation policies of the Chhattisgarh Government. Concurrently, the Vishnu Deo Sai government has significantly increased the number of security camps in Bastar.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sikdar |first1=Sobhana K. Nair & Shubhomoy |title=Vishnu Deo Sai interview {{!}} 'When Congress was in power, Naxals believed their own government was ruling' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/vishnu-deo-sai-interview-when-congress-was-in-power-naxals-believed-their-own-government-was-ruling/article68084494.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=19 April 2024}}</ref> The "Niyad Nellnar" scheme has been initiated to foster Bastar's development through these security camps, ensuring that villages within a five-kilometer radius receive the benefits of various Central and State Government schemes, thereby promoting comprehensive community development.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vishnu Deo Sai government defeats Naxalism with proactive Puvarti Model |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/2024/Mar/03/vishnu-deo-sai-government-defeats-naxalism-with-proactive-puvarti-model |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |date=3 March 2024}}</ref>

===Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana===
In compliance to the Prime Minister's guarantee, the construction of permanent housing under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana has commenced for over 1.8 million poor families in the state.<ref>{{cite web |title=CM Sai-led Cabinet's first decision: 18 lakh poor to get PM Awas |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/cm-sai-led-cabinets-first-decision-18-lakh-poor-to-get-pm-awas-9068928/ |website=The Indian Express |language=en |date=15 December 2023}}</ref>

===Governance===
Vishnu Deo Sai established Good Governance. Government has taken consistent action against corruption. Numerous cases of corruption alleged to have occurred during the tenure of the previous Congress government are being swiftly investigated. These cases involve a range of scandals, including those related to coal, liquor, sand, teacher recruitment, PSC recruitment, and the Mahadev app. The involvement of key political figures from the [[Congress party]] in these scandals has garnered national attention, placing these cases in the spotlight on a broader scale.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vishnu Deo Sai interview 'When Congress was in power, Naxals believed their own government was ruling' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/vishnu-deo-sai-interview-when-congress-was-in-power-naxals-believed-their-own-government-was-ruling/article68084494.ece |website=The Hindu|date=19 April 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Congress spreading misinformation: CM Sai |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/raipur/congress-spreading-misinformation-cm-sai/articleshow/109447022.cms |website=The Times of India |date=20 April 2024}}</ref>

On Good Governance Day, 25 December 2023, the state government transferred an amount of ₹3,716 crore as two years' pending bonus into the bank accounts of 1.3 million farmers, thus fulfilling the guarantee.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sikdar |first1=Shubhomoy |title=Chhattisgarh government transfers outstanding paddy bonus to nearly 12 lakh farmers |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/chhattisgarh-government-transfers-outstanding-paddy-bonus-to-nearly-12-lakh-farmers/article67674025.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=25 December 2023}}</ref>

The 'Shri Ramlala Ayodhya Dham' Darshan Yojana in Chhattisgarh has also been started by the Vishnu Deo Sai administration. This program offers the state's believers free pilgrimage tours to Ayodhya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sri Ram Darshan |url=https://hindi.oneindia.com/news/chhattisgarh/getting-good-fortune-of-having-darshan-shri-ram-devotees-going-ayodhya-dham-vishnu-dev-998109.html |website=One India}}</ref>

With the hike in remuneration rate for Tendu Patta collection from ₹4,000 per standard bag to ₹5,500 per standard bag, Vishnu Deo Sai government has benefited 12 lakh 50 thousand families engaged in Tendu Patta collection.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chhattisgarh Implements tendu patta pluckers' pay raise and women's empowerment scheme |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/raipur/chhattisgarh-implements-tendu-patta-pluckers-pay-raise-and-womens-empowerment-scheme/articleshow/107329698.cms |website=The Times of India |date=1 February 2024}}</ref>

===Krishak Unnati Yojana===
The Vishnu Deo Sai administration of Chhattisgarh has fulfilled the guarantee under the Krishak Unnati Yojana by purchasing paddy from farmers at a rate of ₹3,100 per quintal, with a maximum of 21 quintals per acre. A record-breaking 14.492 lakh metric tons of paddy were procured from 24 lakh 75 thousand farmers in the state in 2023–2024. The support price of ₹31,913 crore and the differential amount of ₹13,320 crore have been disclosed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chhattisgarh govt transfers ₹13,320 cr to 2.4 mn farmers under 'Krishak Unnati' scheme |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/chhattisgarh-govt-transfers-13-320-cr-to-2-4-mn-farmers-under-krishak-unnati-scheme-101710302201303.html |website=H Times|date=13 March 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Mitra |first1=Hritika |title=Chhattisgarh govt launches input assistance scheme for farmers, transfers Rs 13,320 crore |url=https://www-indiatvnews-com.translate.goog/chhattisgarh/chhattisgarh-govt-launches-input-assistance-scheme-for-farmers-transfers-rs-13-320-crore-2024-03-12-921185?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=hi&_x_tr_hl=hi&_x_tr_pto=tc |website=indiatvnews.com |language=en |date=12 March 2024}}</ref>

===Women empowerment===
'Mahatari Vandan Yojana' has been introduced by the Vishnu Deo Sai government to support women's socio-economic empowerment in the state.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mahtari vandana Yojana : CM Vishnu deo Sai ने ट्रांसफर किए करोड़ों रुपये {{!}} CG News {{!}} Top News |url=https://hindi.news18.com/videos/elections/mahtari-vandana-yojana-cm-vishnu-deo-sai-transferred-crores-of-rupees-cg-news-top-news-8455125.html |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref> More than 70 lakh women in the state are receiving ₹1,000 a month deposited into their bank accounts under this plan.<ref>{{cite web |title=विष्णु देव साय सरकार के 6 महीने पूरे, किसानों, महिलाओं और युवाओं के लिए हुए ये काम, देखिए रिपोर्ट कार्ड |url=https://mpcg.ndtv.in/chhattisgarh-news/mahtari-vandan-scheme-chhattisgarh-vishnu-dev-sai-government-completes-6-months-historic-decisions-for-farmers-women-and-youth-report-card-of-bjp-5880033 |website=mpcg.ndtv.in |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=मुख्यमंत्री साय ने वित्तीय वर्ष खत्म होने का दिया हवाला, अगली तारीख बताई |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/chhattisgarh/raipur/news/bjp-vijay-booth-campaign-cm-vishnu-dev-sai-mahtari-vandan-yojana-money-april-information-132798422.html |website=Bhaskar}}</ref>

On the lines of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's call to build 'Developed India', the Vishnu Deo Sai government has set a goal to build 'Developed Chhattisgarh'. In the same sequence, the state government is preparing a vision document titled "Amritkal Chhattisgarh Vision @2047."<ref>{{cite web |title=How Vishnu Deo Sai cabinet took management classes to build a 'Viksit Chhattisgarh' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/how-vishnu-deo-sai-cabinet-took-management-classes-to-build-a-viksit-chhattisgarh-2549418-2024-06-05 |website=India Today |language=en |date=5 June 2024}}</ref>
== Former Members ==

{| class ="wikitable"
|-
!No..
!Name {{small|(Constituency)}}
! scope="col" |Departments
! Tenure
! Reason
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Party
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"
|1.
| '''[[Brijmohan Agrawal]]''' Cabinet Minister {{small|([[Raipur City South Assembly constituency|Raipur City South]])}}
| scope="col" |
Minister of School Education Minister of Higher Education Minister of Tourism and Culture Minister of Parliamentary Affairs
|22 December 2023 – 19 June 2024
|Elected to Lok Sabha on 4 June 2024
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|-style="text-align:center; height:60px;"
|}

== Demographics of Council of Ministers==
The following table provides a breakdown of the [[Vishnu Deo Sai ministry]] by region and social category as of February 2026. After the 2025 expansion, the cabinet reached its maximum strength of 14 ministers.

=== Representation by district ===
{{Pie chart
| caption = Representation of ministers by district (Total: 14)
| label1 = Jashpur | value1 = 7.14 | color1 = blue
| label2 = Mungeli | value2 = 7.14 | color2 = red
| label3 = Kabirdham | value3 = 7.14 | color3 = khaki
| label4 = Balrampur | value4 = 7.14 | color4 = indigo
| label5 = Bemetara | value5 = 7.14 | color5 = magenta
| label6 = Narayanpur | value6 = 7.14 | color6 = purple
| label7 = Korba | value7 = 7.14 | color7 = yellow
| label8 = MCB | value8 = 7.14 | color8 = wheat
| label9 = Raigarh | value9 = 7.14 | color9 = teal
| label10 = Baloda Bazar | value10 = 7.14 | color10 = pink
| label11 = Surajpur | value11 = 7.14 | color11 = darkviolet
| label12 = Durg | value12 = 7.14 | color12 = green
| label13 = Surguja | value13 = 7.14 | color13 = orange
| label14 = Raipur | value14 = 7.14 | color14 = chocolate
}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left" border="1" width="100%"
|-
! District !! Ministers !! Name of Ministers !! Constituency
|-
| [[Balod district|Balod]] || 0 || ||
|-
| [[Baloda Bazar-Bhatapara district|Baloda Bazar]] || 1 || [[Tank Ram Verma]] || [[Baloda Bazar Assembly constituency|Baloda Bazar]]
|-
| [[Balrampur-Ramanujganj district|Balrampur]] || 1 || [[Ramvichar Netam]] || [[Ramanujganj Assembly constituency|Ramanujganj]]
|-
| [[Bastar district|Bastar]] || 0 || ||
|-
| [[Bemetara district|Bemetara]] || 1 || [[Dayaldas Baghel]] || [[Navagarh Assembly constituency|Navagarh]]
|-
| [[Bijapur district, Chhattisgarh|Bijapur]] || 0 || ||
|-
| [[Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]] || 0 || ||
|-
| [[Dantewada district|Dantewada]] || 0 || ||
|-
| [[Dhamtari district|Dhamtari]] || 0 || ||
|-
| [[Durg district|Durg]] || 1 || [[Gajendra Yadav]] || [[Durg City Assembly constituency|Durg City]]
|-
| [[Gariaband district|Gariaband]] || 0 || ||
|-
| [[Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi district|GPM]] || 0 || ||
|-
| [[Janjgir–Champa district|Janjgir–Champa]] || 0 || ||
|-
| [[Jashpur district|Jashpur]] || 1 || [[Vishnu Deo Sai]] (CM) || [[Kunkuri Assembly constituency|Kunkuni]]
|-
| [[Kabirdham district|Kabirdham]] || 1 || [[Vijay Sharma (politician)|Vijay Sharma]] (Dy. CM) || [[Kawardha Assembly constituency|Kawardha]]
|-
| [[Kanker district|Kanker]] || 0 || ||
|-
| [[Kondagaon district|Kondagaon]] || 0 || ||
|-
| [[Korba district|Korba]] || 1 || [[Lakhan Lal Dewangan]] || [[Korba Assembly constituency|Korba]]
|-
| [[Koriya district|Koriya]] || 0 || ||
|-
| [[Mahasamund district|Mahasamund]] || 0 || ||
|-
| [[Manendragarh-Chirmiri-Bharatpur district|MCB]] || 1 || [[Shyam Bihari Jaiswal]] || [[Manendragarh Assembly constituency|Manendragarh]]
|-
| [[Mohla-Manpur-Ambagarh Chowki district|Mohla-Manpur]] || 0 || ||
|-
| [[Mungeli district|Mungeli]] || 1 || [[Arun Sao]] (Dy. CM) || [[Lormi Assembly constituency|Lormi]]
|-
| [[Narayanpur district|Narayanpur]] || 1 || [[Kedar Nath Kashyap]] || [[Narayanpur Assembly constituency|Narayanpur]]
|-
| [[Raigarh district|Raigarh]] || 1 || [[O. P. Choudhary]] || [[Raigarh Assembly constituency|Raigarh]]
|-
| [[Raipur district|Raipur]] || 1 || [[Guru Khushwant Saheb]] || [[Arang Assembly constituency|Arang]]
|-
| [[Rajnandgaon district|Rajnandgaon]] || 0 || ||
|-
| [[Sakti district|Sakti]] || 0 || ||
|-
| [[Sarangarh-Bilaigarh district|Sarangarh–Bilaigarh]] || 0 || ||
|-
| [[Sukma district|Sukma]] || 0 || ||
|-
| [[Surajpur district|Surajpur]] || 1 || [[Laxmi Rajwade]] || [[Bhatgaon Assembly constituency|Bhatgaon]]
|-
| [[Surguja district|Surguja]] || 1 || [[Rajesh Agrawal]] || [[Ambikapur Assembly constituency|Ambikapur]]
|-
| [[Khairagarh-Chhuikhadan-Gandai district|Khairagarh]] || 0 || ||
|}

===By Region===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Region !! No. of Ministers !! Name of Ministers
|-
| '''Sarguja''' || 5 || [[Vishnu Deo Sai]] (CM), [[Ramvichar Netam]], [[Shyam Bihari Jaiswal]], [[Laxmi Rajwade]], [[Rajesh Agrawal]]
|-
| '''Bilaspur''' || 3 || [[Arun Sao]] (Dy CM), [[Lakhan Lal Dewangan]], [[O. P. Choudhary]]
|-
| '''Durg''' || 3 || [[Vijay Sharma (politician)|Vijay Sharma]] (Dy CM), [[Gajendra Yadav]], [[Dayaldas Baghel]]
|-
| '''Raipur''' || 2 || [[Tank Ram Verma]], [[Guru Khushwant Saheb]]
|-
| '''Bastar''' || 1 || [[Kedar Nath Kashyap]]
|-
! Total !! 14 !!
|}

===By Social Category===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Category !! No. of Ministers !! Percentage !! Name of Ministers
|-
| '''[[Other Backward Class|OBC]]''' || 7 || 50% || [[Arun Sao]], [[O. P. Choudhary]], [[Lakhan Lal Dewangan]], [[Shyam Bihari Jaiswal]], [[Gajendra Yadav]], [[Laxmi Rajwade]], [[Tank Ram Verma]]
|-
| '''[[Scheduled Tribe|ST]]''' || 3 || 21% || [[Vishnu Deo Sai]], [[Ramvichar Netam]], [[Kedar Nath Kashyap]]
|-
| '''[[Forward class|General]]''' || 2 || 14.28% || [[Vijay Sharma (politician)|Vijay Sharma]], [[Rajesh Agrawal]]
|-
| '''[[Scheduled Caste|SC]]''' || 2 || 15% || [[Dayaldas Baghel]], [[Guru Khushwant Saheb]]
|-
! Total !! 14 !! 100% !!
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Current Indian ministries}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vishnu Deo Sai ministry}}
[[Category:Lists of current Indian state and territorial ministries]]
[[Category:2023 in Indian politics]]
[[Category:Indian ministries established in 2023|Sai]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party state ministries of Chhattisgarh|Sai]]
[[Category:Chhattisgarh ministries]]

Pralhad Keshav Atre

2026-02-09T06:13:51Z

Dranvesh: refine page for accuracy additionally and fixed typos for consistency

{{Short description|Indian writer and politician}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{infobox person
| honorific_prefix = '''[[Āchārya]]'''
| name = Pralhad Keshav Atre
| image = PralhadKeshavAtreImg.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| birth_date = 13 August 1898
| birth_place = [[Kodit Khurd]], [[Pune district]], [[Maharashtra]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1969|6|13|1898|8|13}}
| death_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| occupation = Writer, editor, politician, social activist, Director
| other_names = ''Āchārya Atre''
| education = [[Bachelor of Arts]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Pune]] [[University of London]]
| children = [[Shirish Atre-Pai]], Meena Deshpande
| movement = [[Indian Independence Movement]] [[Samyukta Maharashtra Movement]]
| awards =
| signature = [[File:Signaturep.k.atre.img.png|170px]]
| signature_alt =
| module = {{infobox officeholder|embed=yes
| office1 = [[Member of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| term1 = 1962 - 1967
| constituency1 = [[Dadar Assembly constituency|Dadar]]
| predecessor1 = ''position established''
| successor1 = Vaman Matkar
| office2 = [[Samyukta Maharashtra Movement|Member of Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti]]
| term2 = 1959 -1960
| successor2 = ''position abolished''

}}
}}
'''Pralhad Keshav Atre''' ({{audio|Ma-PK Atre.ogg|pronunciation}}) (13 August 1898 – 13 June 1969), popularly known as '''Āchārya Atre''', was a prominent [[Marathi language|Marathi]] writer, poet, educationist, founder–editor of ''Maratha'' (a Marathi language newspaper), and above all a noted orator.

==Biography==
===Early life===
Atre was born on 13 August 1898 in a [[Marathi people|Marathi]] [[Deshastha Rigvedi Brahmin]]<ref name="iwi74">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AsU7R69gqDIC|title=The Illustrated Weekly of India, Volume 95|publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Company, Limited, at the Times of India Press|page=31|year=1974|quote=Marathi literature is strewn with Deshastha writers. Some of the luminaries are B. S. Murdhekar, the neo classical poet and critic; the popular dramatists P. K. Atre, V.V.Shirwadkar; the poet and story writer G.D.Madgulkar popularly known as the "Modern Walmiki" of Maharashtra, Sahitya Akademi Award winners G. T. Deshpande, Laxmanshastri Joshi, S. N. Banhatti, V. K. Gokak and Mugali all belong to this community.}}</ref> family of Kodit Khurd, a village near Saswad in [[Pune district]]. His father was a [[clerk]] and also a secretary of Saswad Municipality for a brief period and his uncle was teacher at MES Waghire High School Saswad. He completed his primary and High School education from MES Waghire High School, Saswad. He matriculated from [[Fergusson college]] in 1919. He completed Bachelor of Arts from [[University of Pune]]. After graduation Atre took up a career as a school teacher. Atre did his T. D. (teacher's diploma) from the [[University of London]] in 1928.<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopedic dictionary of Marathi literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nrR9D_ydGwoC|editor=Sunita Deshpande|author=Jaquir Iqbal|publisher=Global Vision Publishing House|access-date=1 October 2009|pages=37–38|isbn = 9788182202214|date = October 2009}}</ref> Before returning to [[India]] he studied [[Experimental Psychology]] under [[Cyril Burt]] and taught at [[Harrow, London|Harrow]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLkABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA47|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|author1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha|author2=Paul Willemen|publisher=Routledge|access-date=10 July 2014|page=47|isbn=9781135943189|date=10 July 2014}}</ref>

==Film and theatre career==
His Marathi film, ''[[Shyamchi Aai (film)|Shyamchi Aai]]'' won the 1954 [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film]].<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0040899/awards Awards] [[IMDb]]</ref> Atre wrote seven plays; some of them had a humorous theme while others, a serious one. All of them received high public acclaim. His comedy-play, ''[[Moruchi Mavshi]]'' was later adapted into [[Hindi film]], ''Aunty No. 1'' (1998), starring [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] and [[Raveena Tandon]].
His movie [[Mahatma Phule (film)|Mahatma Phule (1955)]] received the ''President's Silver Medal''.

==Writing and Publishing==
Atre was the founder–editor of four Marathi newspapers. Two of them had a short life. But the other two, ''Maratha'' and ''(Weekly) Navayug'', ran for many years with a large circulation.
Below are some of his works.

Poetry collections:
1.Akrava Avtar (अकरावा अवतार) (1920)
2.Zenduchi Fule (झेंडूची फुले) (1925)
3.Geetganga (गीतगंगा) (1935)
4.Panchagavya (पंचगव्य) (1958)

Novels:
1.Maharashtra Mohra (महाराष्ट्र मोहरा) (1914)
2.Mohityancha Shaap (मोहित्यांचा शाप) (1921)
3.Changuna (चांगुणा) (1954)

Autobiographical works:
1.Mi Kasa Jhalo (मी कसा झालो)
2.Karheche Pani (कर्हेचे पाणी)

== Career ==
===Political===
* Member of [[Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti]] during 1956–60. He was arrested in 1956 under the Preventive Detention Act for his agitation.
* Member of [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]] from Dadar constituency (18) 1962

===Novels, Biographies, and Essays===
* Gharābāher (1934)
* Bhramāchā Bhopalā (1935)
* Udyāchā Sansār (1936)
* Lagnāchi Bedi (1936)
* [[Moruchi Mavshi|Moruchi Māwashi]] (1947) a Marathi comedy play
* [[To Mi Navhech]] (1962)
* Chāngunā (1954)
* Battāshi Wa Itar Kathā (1954)
* Mahātmā Jyotibā Phule (1958)
* Suryāsta (1964) (On the life of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]])
* Samādhiwaril Ashru (1956)
* Kelyāne Deshātan (1961)
* Krantikarkanche kulpurush Savarkar (1983)
* Atre Uwāch (1937)
* Lalit Wāngmaya (1944)
* Hashā Āni Tālyā (1958)
* Dalitanche Baba (Remembering Dr. Ambedkar)
*Mi Kasā Jhālo (1953)

===Movies===
* [[Brahmachari (1938 film)|Brahmachari]] (1938)
* Vasantsena (Marathi and Hindi 1942)
*[[Shyamchi Aai (film)|Shyāmchi Aai]] (1953)
* Premveer (Script writer)
* Dharmveer (Script writer)
* Brandichi Bātali (Script writer)
* Paayaachi Daasi (Hindi: Charanon Ki Daasi). Producer.
* [[Mahatma Phule (film)|Mahātmā Phule]] (1954)
* Parinde (Hindi, Director under name of Principal Atre) (1945)

===Journalism===
* Founder/Editor of (weekly) ''Sāptāhik Navyug'' (1940–1962) and ''Tukārām'' (1954)
* Evening newspaper ''Jai Hind'' (1948)
* Daily ''Marāthā'' (1956 – Till the end)

== Honors ==
* President of 38th ''Natya Sammelan'' at [[Belgaon]] (1955)
* President of 10th ''Maharashatra Patrakar Sammelan'' (1950)
* President of ''Regional Sahitya Sammelan'' at [[Baroda]], [[Indore]] and [[Gwalior]]
* In his honor there is an ''Acharya atre bhavan'' in Saswad

== Awards ==

;[[National Film Awards]] (India)
* [[1st National Film Awards]] (1953) – [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film|President's gold medal for the All India Best Feature Film]] – [[Shyamchi Aai (film)|Shyamchi Aai]]<ref name="1stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/1st_nff_1954.pdf|title=1st National Film Awards|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|access-date=21 August 2011}}</ref>
* [[2nd National Film Awards]] (1954) – [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Marathi|President's silver medal for Best Feature Film in Marathi]] – [[Mahatma Phule (film)|Mahatma Phule]]<ref name="2ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/2nd_nff_1955.pdf|title=2nd National Film Awards|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|access-date=10 March 2012}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
* ''Prahlad Keshav Atre'', by A. N. Pednekar. Sahitya Akademi Publications. {{ISBN|81-260-1570-5}}.

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|0040899}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111006163347/http://www.manase.org/en/maharashtra.php?mid=68&smid=23&pmid=8&id=782 Prahlad Keshav Atre]
*

{{Authority control}}

{{Marathi Theatre}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Atre, Prahlad}}
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1969 deaths]]
[[Category:Marathi-language poets]]
[[Category:Marathi film directors]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Pune]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 1962–1967]]
[[Category:Marathi film producers]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:Indian autobiographers]]
[[Category:Indian newspaper editors]]
[[Category:Indian magazine editors]]
[[Category:Indian magazine founders]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Sahitya Sammelan]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]
[[Category:Marathi politicians]]
[[Category:Writers from Pune]]
[[Category:Politicians from Pune]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Novelists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Poets from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Producers who won the Best Feature Film National Film Award]]
[[Category:Directors who won the Best Feature Film National Film Award]]
[[Category:Independent politicians in India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian screenwriters]]

Kamlesh Shukla (Socialist)

2025-12-31T07:44:14Z

Dranvesh: new some bio w/ infobox

{{Short description|Indian socialist leader}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
'''Kamlesh Shukla''' (1937 – 2015) was an Indian [[Socialism|socialist]] leader. He served as Joint Secretary of [[Samyukta Socialist Party]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2015-06-28 |title=Kamlesh Shukla, editor, poet, anti-Emergency activist, dies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/kamlesh-shukla-editor-poet-anti-emergency-activist-dies/ |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Prosecution against people involved in hatching conspiracy to overthrow govt |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19761031-prosecution-against-people-involved-in-hatching-conspiracy-to-overthrow-govt-819402-2015-04-11 |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=India Today | date=17 April 2015 |language=en}}</ref> He was founding editor of Socialist political weekly magazine ''Pratipaksh.''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ramagundam |first=Rahul |title=The Life and Times of George Fernandes |publisher=Penguin Random House India |year=2022 |isbn=978-0670092888 |pages=282 |language=en}}</ref> During the [[The Emergency (India)|Emergency]], he was arrested in [[Baroda dynamite case]] along with [[George Fernandes]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Plys |first=Kristin Victoria Magistrelli |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bRzhDwAAQBAJ |title=Brewing Resistance: Indian Coffee House and the Emergency in Postcolonial India |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2020 |isbn=978-1108490528 |pages=212–216}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> He also wrote anti-Emergency [[poetry]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Plys |first=Kristin |date=2020-12-01 |title=The Poetry of Resistance: Poetry as Solidarity in Postcolonial Anti-Authoritarian Movements in Islamicate South Asia |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0263276419882735 |journal=Theory, Culture & Society |language=en |volume=37 |issue=7-8 |pages=295–313 |doi=10.1177/0263276419882735 |issn=0263-2764|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shukla, Kamlesh}}
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]
[[Category:Samyukta Socialist Party politicians]]
[[Category:Hindi-language poets]]
[[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]]

Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra

2025-12-18T13:49:31Z

Dranvesh: small added page per standard format additionally and corrected details

{{Short description|Radio broadcasting centre of Bengali nationalist forces during the Bangladesh War}}
{{tone|date=December 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox radio station
| name = Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra
| city = Calcutta
| area = Bangladesh & India
| airdate = {{start date|1971|4|3|df=y}}
| last_airdate = {{start date|1971|12|6|df=y}}
| coordinates =
| format = Mixed
| language = Bengali
| affiliations = [[Mukti Bahini]]
| owner = [[Provisional Government of Bangladesh]]
}}

'''Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra''' ({{langx|bn|স্বাধীন বাংলা বেতার কেন্দ্র|lit=Free Bengal Radio Centre}}) was the [[radio broadcasting]] centre of Bengali nationalist forces during the [[Bangladesh War]] in 1971. The station played an important role in broadcasting the [[Bangladeshi Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] and increasing the morale of Bangladeshis during the [[Bangladesh genocide|brutal attack in 1971]]. During this time, radio was the only medium able to reach the far ends of Bangladesh. The station ran a campaign throughout the [[Bangladesh Liberation War|independence war]].

Giving tunes, and taking records at every moment. Music expert Altaf Mahmud helped the fighters in different ways. The guerrilla fighters would often visit his home and store weapons there. At one stage, he was taken captive by the Pakistanis and tortured in a torture cell where he was martyred. Abdul Ahad rejected the prize awarded by the Pakistani government as a gesture of protest against ''the then'' Pakistani government. The Bangladeshi artists Mukti Sangrami Shilpi Sangstha, Bangabandhu Shilpigosthi, and Swadhin Bangla Muktijoddha Sangskritik Sangha encouraged the people, including fighters with their songs. Additionally, many singers played a vital role in the War of Independence with their merit, creativity, and hard work.

==Background==
[[File:Belal Muhammad delivering speech.jpg|thumb|[[Belal Muhammad (activist)|Belal Muhammad]], one of the founders of Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra, at a conference in [[Sandwip]], 2008]]

The end of [[British Raj|British rule]] in [[British India|India]] in August 1947, accompanied by the [[Partition of India]], gave birth to a new country named [[Pakistan]] which constituted [[Muslim]]-majority areas in the far east and far west of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. The Western zone was popularly (and for a period of time, also officially) termed [[West Pakistan]] and the Eastern zone (modern-day Bangladesh) was initially termed [[East Bengal]] and later, [[East Pakistan]]. The two zones were separated by over thousand miles of Indian territory in the middle, and had vastly different cultures. It was widely perceived that the west zone dominated the country, leading to the effective marginalization of the east zone. Growing disenchantment among the people of East Pakistan finally led to civil disobedience followed by the Bangladesh War in 1971.

During the period of War of Bangladesh, media supported mass sentiments. They aired patriotic songs and talk shows. In the process of achieving Bangladesh's independence by trouncing the atrocities of the Pakistani military forces, the war-time broadcasting station "Shadheen Bangla Betar Kendra" played a vital role in increasing the morale of Bangladeshis by informing them of how they were advancing towards victory. Shadheen Bangla Betar Kendra reached its pinnacle during the war being acclaimed as the stool pigeon of war news updates through 'Chorom Potro'. In those days when radio was the only media reaching the far ends of Bangladesh, Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra eventually turned as the orator of the Bangladesh government in exile. It ran the nationalist campaign throughout the war to gear up fighters' morale and mobilize world opinion in favor of Bangladesh.

==Formation==
{{Independence of Bangladesh}}
{{Tone|section|date=April 2023}}
On 26 March 1971, just the day after the Operation Searchlight crackdown, when the brutal mass carnage by the Pakistani invaders plunged the nation into gloom and despair, at that critical juncture of history a voice was heard over the Radio saying "Swadhin Bangla Biplobi Betar Kendra Theke Ami Major Zia Balchhi". With that broadcast, the entire nation got back its confidence, courage of conviction, and strong optimism. It was all possible because of the gallant initiative three young individuals took [[Dr. Syed Anwar Ali]], [[Engineer Ashikul Islam]] and [[Engineer Dilip Chandra Das]]<ref name="google1943" /> to start with 10 KW transmitter. Since then, during the whole period of Independence War, Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra successfully carried out its intellectual war like an organized front and aired patriotic songs that greatly inspired the fighters in their relentless fight against the Pakistan-led occupation forces, war news, and talk shows to boost up people's spirits.

In the afternoon of 26 March 1971, a telegram containing the message of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman reached to Syed Anwar Ali through some students in Chittagong. The message was translated to Bengali by Dr. Syed Anwar Ali's wife Dr. Manjula Anwar. She along with Syed Anwar Ali, [[Kazi Hosne Ara]] and two WAPDA engineers Mr. Ashikul Islam and Mr. Dilip Chandra Das to broadcast that message decided to cross over the Kalurghat Bridge to reach the local transmission centre controlled by the Bengali soldiers of the 8th East Bengal Regiment under Major [[Ziaur Rahman]]. Bengali soldiers guarded the station as engineers prepared for transmission. As contact could not be established between the political leaders Major Ziaur Rahman was requested to broadcast the message. At 7:45{{nbsp}}pm on 27 March 1971,<ref name="google1943">{{cite book |last=Sen Gupta |first=Jyoti |year=1974 |title=History Of Freedom Movement In Bangladesh, 1943-1973: Some Involvement |location=[[Calcutta]] |publisher=Naya Prokash |pages=325–326 |oclc=1056475}}</ref> Major Ziaur Rahman broadcast the message which became historic as the declaration of independence on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.

[[File:Shadhin Bangla Betar Kendro Morning Bulletin 28-12-71 (first page).jpg|thumb|Front-page of the Morning Bulletin of Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendro on 28 December 1971]]

The Kalurghat Radio Station's transmission capability was limited. The message was picked up by a Japanese ship in [[Bay of Bengal]]. It was then re-transmitted by [[Radio Australia]]<ref name="google1943" /> and later by the BBC. It ran for 5 days as Pakistan Air Force bombed and damaged it on 30 March. Ten founding members broke up into two groups and went to Agartala and Tripura with a 1 kilowatt transmitter. On 3 April, they restarted the broadcasting from Bagapha of Tripura and later moved to Agartala. The name was changed to Bangladesh Betar on 6 December 1971 after India gave recognition to Bangladesh as a sovereign country. Bangladesh Betar started broadcasting in independent country on 22 December 1971. With profound appreciation, the nation will always remember the services of those ten individuals who included [[Belal Muhammad (activist)|Belal Muhammad]], Syed Abdus Shaker, [[Mustafa Monwar]], Abdullah Al Faruque, Abul Quasem Shandeep, Aminur Rahman, Rashedul Hossain, A.M. Sharfuzzaman, Kazi Habib Uddin Moni and Rezaul Karim Chowdhury.

==Declaration of Independence==
Mujib was arrested on the night of 25–26 March 1971 at about 1:30{{nbsp}}am (as per Radio Pakistan's news on 29 March 1971).

<blockquote>This is Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra. I, Major Ziaur Rahman, at the direction of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, hereby declare that the Independent People's Republic of Bangladesh has been established. At his direction, I have taken the command as the temporary Head of the Republic. In the name of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, I call upon all Bengalees to rise against the attack by the West Pakistani Army. We shall fight to the last to free our motherland. Victory is, by the Grace of Allah, ours. Joy Bangla.<ref name="google1943" /></blockquote>

This was the story<ref name="google1943" /> (described to the Press Trust of India-PTI's East Pakistan correspondent journalist Jyoti Sen Gupta in 1971 by Prof. Md. Khaled, Awami League vice-president of Chittagong, Belal Muhammad, Pakistan Radio rebel and others who took part in Chittagong revolution in March 1971) of the birth of independent Bangladesh in a small room in the radio transmitter center at the industrial township, Kalurghat skirting Chittagong where Surya Sen with a handful of revolutionaries had 40 years ago challenged the mighty British Government by armed attack on its armory.

Major Zia's message was heard by a few sub-editors and reporters<ref name="google1943" /> in news offices in Dacca while tuning in to different stations for news of their own country. Those days they were cut off from free news circulation and were forced to bring out their papers with press notes and hand-outs given by the Martial Law Authorities. Newspapers had no authority to use any news broadcast by radio systems of countries other than Pakistan.

Major Zia's message was picked up by a Japanese ship<ref name="google1943" /> anchored mid-stream in Chittagong harbour. When the news of this declaration was broadcast by Radio Australia, the rest of the world came to know of it. Inside Bangladesh those who heard Radio Australia passed on the news of the historic declaration in whispers to friends, neighbours and strangers. Major Zia's call had an immediate response; the EBR, EPR and the regular police forces rose in revolt in every town and border outpost.

The Pakistan Government authorities made futile attempts to tell the people that the broadcast was made by a clandestine radio from a ship in the mouth of river Hooghly in India. Islamabad even sent a note of protest also to New Delhi. The strength of the Bengali revolutionary forces at Kalurghat went on swelling as people fleeing from the besieged city of Chittagong collected there. The greatest contribution towards increasing the strength came from the student community who drafted many to join up and fight.

[[M A Hannan]], an Awami League leader from [[Chittagong]], is said to have made the first announcement of the declaration of independence over the radio on 26 March 1971. There is a controversy now as to when Major Zia gave his speech. pro-BNP sources maintain that it was 26 March, and there was no message regarding declaration of independence from Mujibur Rahman. Pakistani sources, like Maj. Gen. Fazal Muqeem Khan in his book ''Pakistan's Crisis in Leadership'',<ref>{{cite book |last=Khan |first=Fazal Muqueem |year=1973 |title=Pakistan's crisis in leadership |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qh4NAAAAIAAJ |location=[[Islamabad]] |publisher=National Book Foundation |page=79 |isbn=9780883863022 |oclc=726541}}</ref> Brigadier Zahir Alam Khan in his book ''The Way It Was''<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Khan |first=Zahir Alam |date=September 1998 |title=The Way It Was |url=http://www.defencejournal.com/sept98/wayitwas1.htm |magazine=Defence Journal |location=Karachi |publisher=Dynavis Pvt. Ltd |type=Opinion |pages=72–98 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991001092046/http://www.defencejournal.com/sept98/wayitwas1.htm |archive-date=1 October 1999}}</ref> and Lt. Gen. Kamal Matinuddin in his book ''Tragedy of Errors: East Pakistan Crisis, 1968-1971''<ref>{{cite book |last=Matinuddin |first=Kamal |year=1994 |title=Tragedy of errors: East Pakistan crisis, 1968-1971 |location=[[Lahore]] |publisher=Wajidalis |page=255 |isbn=978-969-8031-19-0}}</ref> had written that they heard Major Zia's speech on 26 March 1971, but Maj. Gen. Hakeem A. Qureshi in his book ''The 1971 Indo-Pak War: A Soldier's Narrative'' gives the date of Major Zia's speech as 27 March 1971.<ref>{{cite book |last=Qureshi |first=Hakeem Arshad |year=2002 |title=The 1971 Indo-Pak War: A Soldier's Narrative |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |page=33 |isbn=978-0-19-579778-7}}</ref>

==Regular features==
[[Chorompotro]] was the most popular program hosted by [[M. R. Akhtar Mukul]]. Here, he used to describe the uncomfortable position of Pak army in a funny voice and made his dialogues in Old Dhaka dialect. ''Chorompotro'' was planned by [[Abdul Mannan (politician, born 1929)|Abdul Mannan]]. Another popular program ''Jallader Darbar'' was run by Kalyan Mitra where approaches of [[Yahya Khan]], known in the program as "Kella Fateh Khan" were described in a funny manner.<ref name=bpedia>{{cite Banglapedia|article=Swadhin_Bangla_Betar_Kendra}}</ref> "Bojro Kontho" was the program where speech of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman were presented. A group of young singers used to sing inspiring songs. Many poems and songs were written for this broadcasting. One of those songs ''Joy Bangla Banglar Joy'' (Victory of Bengal) was the signature tune of the radio. Many songs of Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra like ''Purbo Digante Surjo Uthechhe, Ekti Phoolke Bachabo Bole, Salam Salam Hajar Salam'' of [[Gobinda Haldar]], became immensely popular. Singers of the station raised funds singing their songs in different parts of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite news
| last =Khan
| first =Showkot Marcel
| title =Abdul Jabbar remembers Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra
| work =[[New Age (Bangladesh)|New Age]]
| date =16 December 2005
| url =http://www.newagebd.com/2005/dec/16/vd/09.html
| access-date =15 October 2007}}</ref>
News broadcasts were made in Bengali, English and [[Urdu]].<ref name="Betarweb">{{cite web
| last = Lohani | first = Kamal | script-title =bn: স্বাধীন বাংলা বেতার কেন্দ্র
| url= http://www.swadhinbangla-betar.org/english/index.html | access-date = 15 October 2007 }}</ref> Secretary of the Swadhin Bangla Betar Convener Committee Kamal Lohani recalled, For us at the radio, it was a psychological warfare so we could say things to boost up people's morale.<ref name="NewAge1">{{cite news
| last =Rosan | first =Robab | title =The war Swadhin Bangla Betar waged... and won
| work =[[New Age (Bangladesh)|New Age]] | date =16 December 2005
| url =http://www.newagebd.com/2005/dec/16/vd/08.html | access-date =15 October 2007}}</ref>

==Performers==
Apart from M.R. Akhtar Mukul, the other prominent performers of the radio were:
* [[Kamal Lohani]] - Head of News
* [[M. R. Akhter Mukul]] - [[Chorompotro]]
* Rokeya Haider - News in English
* Babul Akhtar - News in Bengali
* [[Abdul Jabbar Khan (director)|Abdul Jabbar Khan]] - Director, drama
* [[Samar Das]] - Music director and composer
* [[Ajit Roy]] - Music director and composer
* [[Shujeo Shyam]] - Music director and singer
* [[Apel Mahmud]] - Singer
* Amitava Sengupta - Singer
* Manjula Dasgupta - Singer
* [[Abdul Jabbar (singer)|Abdul Jabbar]] - Singer
* Mala Khan - Singer
* Rupa Khan - Singer
* [[Rafiqul Alam (singer)|Rafiqul Alam]] - Singer
* [[Kaderi Kibria]] - Singer
* [[Lucky Akhand]] - Singer<ref>{{cite news |last=Chakma |first=Anvil |date=13 August 2016 |title=A Fund Raiser for Lucky Akhand |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/music/fund-raiser-lucky-akhand-1269241 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |access-date=13 August 2016}}</ref>
* Jahangir Hayat Khan - Musician
* Mohammad Shah - Recitation from Puthi (''[[Bengali language|Bengali]] folk rhymes'')
* Nasimul Quader Chowdhury - News
* Zahid Siddique - Head of Urdu News, Script, Kothika writer
* [[Mihir Kumar Nandi]] - Singer
* Sk. Foysal Islam - English news reader, Bangladesh Betar, Khulna
* [[Subhash Dutta]]<ref name=58ff/>
* [[Timir Nandi]] - Singer<ref name=58ff/>
* [[Fakir Alamgir]] - Singer<ref name=58ff/>
* [[Sumita Devi]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sumita Devi passes away |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/01/07/d40107011818.htm |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |date=7 January 2004 |access-date=20 September 2018}}</ref>
* [[Dalia Nausheen]] - Singer<ref>{{cite news |title=Stories of Independence |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/interview/stories-independence-1330507 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |access-date=8 February 2020 |language=en |date=16 December 2016}}</ref>
* [[Bulbul Mahalanobish]] - Singer and voice actress as the role of Yahya Khan's wife at ''Jallader Darbar''

==Legacy==
As of 2017, total 253 radio artistes have been accorded the "Freedom Fighter" statuses by the [[Government of Bangladesh]].<ref name=58ff>{{Cite news |title=58 Swadhin Bangla Betar artistes awarded FF status |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/country/58-swadhin-bangla-betar-kendra-artistes-shobdo-soinik-bangladesh-government-awarded-freedom-fighter-status-1431583 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |date=11 July 2017 |access-date=15 February 2018|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Bangladesh liberation}}

[[Category:Independence of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Reactions to the Bangladesh Liberation War]]
[[Category:Radio in India]]
[[Category:Provisional Government of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:1971 in radio]]

Diocese of Dharmapuri

2025-12-12T23:01:02Z

Dranvesh: New new info

{{Short description|Catholic diocese in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox diocese
|jurisdiction = Diocese
|name = Dharmapuri
|latin = Dioecesis Dharmapuriensis
|local = {{lang|ta|தர்மாபுரி மறைமாவட்டம்}}
|border = Catholic
| coat = Diocese of Dharmapuri.png
| coat_alt =
|country = {{flag|India}}
|province = [[Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore|Pondicherry and Cuddalore]]
|metropolitan = Pondicherry and Cuddalore
|cathedral = [[Sacred Heart Cathedral, Dharmapuri]]
|cocathedral =
|deaneries = 5
|parishes = 48{{efn|name="ap2024"}}
|churches = 57
|language = Tamil
|denomination = [[Catholic Church]]
|sui_iuris_church = [[Latin Church]]
|rite = [[Roman Rite]]
|established = 1997
|area_km2 = 9,641
|population = 3,450,894{{efn|name="ap2024"|''[[Annuario Pontificio]]'' (2023) via ''[[Catholic-Hierarchy.org]]''<ref name="catholic-hierarchy.ddhar">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Diocese of Dharmapuri |url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/ddhar.html |publisher=David M. Cheney |encyclopedia =[[Catholic-Hierarchy.org]] |date=24 February 2025 |access-date=24 October 2025}}</ref>}}
|population_as_of = 2023
|catholics = 56,162{{efn|name="ap2024"}}
|catholics_percent = {{percentage|56,162|3,450,894|1|%=}}
|priests = 121{{efn|name="ap2024"}}
|pope = {{Incumbent pope}}
|bishop = [[Lawrence Pius Dorairaj]]
|metro_archbishop = [[Francis Kalist]]
|vicar_general = A. Ambrose
|website = {{URL|https://dharmapuridiocese.in/}}
}}

[[File:ROMAN CATHOLIC DIOCESIS OF DHARMAPURI.png|thumb|Map of Diocese of Dharmapuri and its Parish churches|alt=Map of Diocese of Dharmapuri]]

The '''Diocese of Dharmapuri''' ({{langx|la| Dharmapurien(sis)}}) is a [[Latin Church|Latin]] [[diocese]] of the [[Catholic Church]] located in the city of [[Dharmapuri]], India, in the [[ecclesiastical province]] of [[Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore|Pondicherry and Cuddalore]]. The diocese administers to the political region of [[Dharmapuri district]] and [[Krishnagiri district]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dharmapuri Diocese |url=https://dharmapuridiocese.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521074021/https://dharmapuridiocese.org/ |archive-date=2023-05-21 |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=dharmapuridiocese.org}}</ref>

==History==
The history of the Dharmapuri Diocese is closely linked to that of the [[Diocese of Salem]], from which it was separated from 24 January 1997. Christianity was introduced to the Salem Diocese in 1623 by Jesuit [[Roberto de Nobili|Robert De Nobili]], followed by the Portuguese Jesuits of [[Madura Mission|Madurai Missions]]. In 1654, Italian Jesuits from Mysore established their residence in Dharmapuri and began preaching the Gospel in the region, extending as far as [[Tirupattur]] in North Arcord.

In 1674, [[John de Britto]] visited Dharmapuri on his way to Kolei, accompanied by Fr. Antony Ribero. In 1687, the church's work started to spread in the present districts of [[Salem district|Salem]] and [[Dharmapuri district|Dharmapuri]]. Despite the suppression of the Jesuits under the Pombal decree, they continued their mission under the jurisdiction of Cranganore.

In 1776, the Pope entrusted the Madurai Missions and the Malabar Missions to the [[Paris Foreign Missions Society|MEP Fathers]]. In 1785, Chapenois, MEP Superior of the Malabar Mission, was given the responsibility by Rome to oversee the entire Mysore Mission, which included the old Diocese of Salem. In 1794, he became the first bishop to visit the Diocese of Salem and appointed Abbe Dubois to carry out the church's work.

Until 1930, this region remained under the administration of the Coramandal Missions and later the [[Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore|Apostolic Vicariate of Pondicherry]], which became an archdiocese in 1886. However, Hosur Taluk was entrusted to the care of the Mysore Missions from 1861. On 3 August 1930, the Diocese of Salem was established.

Due to the vastness of the Diocese of Salem, the district of Dharmapuri was separated and declared a diocese by [[Pope John Paul II]] on 24 January 1997. [[Joseph Anthony Irudayaraj]], a [[Salesians of Don Bosco|Salesian]], was appointed as its first bishop. After 15 years of ministry, Irudayaraj retired on 13 January 2012, due to his advanced age. Lawrence Pius became the second bishop and was installed in the See of Dharmapuri on 20 February 2012. Under his leadership and the motto "To Proclaim the Good News to the Poor," the diocese has witnessed ongoing development in various fields. The Dharmapuri Diocese is the 15th diocese in the Tamil Nadu region.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salem Diocese - Welcome to Diocese of Salem |url=https://salemdiocese.org/history/ | url-status = dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003035718/https://salemdiocese.org/history/ |archive-date=2023-10-03 |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=salemdiocese.org}}</ref>

==Leadership==
* [[Bishop]]s of Dharmapuri ([[Latin Church|Latin Rite]])
** [[Joseph Anthony Irudayaraj]] (24 January 1997 – 13 January 2012)
** Lawrence Pius Dorairaj (since 13 January 2012)<ref>{{cite magazine | date = June 2019 | title = News Letter Dharamapuri Diocese | url = https://www.cbci.in/Newletter/Newletter61316150249.pdf | format = PDF | language = ta | magazine = News Letter | location = Dharmapuri | publisher = Diocese of Dharmapuri | access-date = September 6, 2023 | url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Parishes==

This diocese has 45 Parish,<ref>{{cite web |title=Parishes |url=https://dharmapuridiocese.org/parishes/lists.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028070952/https://dharmapuridiocese.org/parishes/lists.html |archive-date=2022-10-28 |website=Dharmapuri Diocese}}</ref> which are bifurcated under 5 Vicariates<ref>{{cite web |title=Diocese Activities and Organizations of India |url=https://www.ucanews.com/directory/parishes-stations/india-dharmapuri/62/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010190813/https://www.ucanews.com/directory/parishes-stations/india-dharmapuri/62/ |archive-date=2023-10-10 |website=Union of Catholic Asian News}}</ref>

'''±''' = ''also Vicariate parish''

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Parish !! Established !! Parish church !! Sub-station church / Chapel
|-
| [[Adaikalapuram, Denkanikottai|Adaikalapuram]] || 1962 || St. Mary's Church
|-
| [[Averipally, Thally|Averipally]] || 2022 || [[Our Lady of the Rosary Church, Averipalli|Our Lady of the Rosary Church]]
|-
| [[B Pallipatti|B.Pallipatti]] || 1930 || [[Our Lady of Mount Carmel Church, B Pallipatti|Our Lady of Mount Carmel]] || Our Lady of Lourdes Church, B.Pallipatti
|-
| [[Bagalur, Hosur|Bagalur]] || 1999 || Mary Help of Christians Church
|-
| [[Kottur, Bargur|Bargur - Kottur]] || 1999 || St. Antony's Church
|-
| [[Biligundlu|Biligundu]] || 2009 || St. Antony's Church
|-
| [[Bommidi]] || 1955 || [[St. Antony's Church, Bommidi|St. Antony's Church]] || Periyanayagi Annai Church, Kalaignar Nagar
|-
| [[Christhupalayam]] || 1932 || [[Our Lady of Immaculate Conception Church, Chrishthupalayam|Immaculate Conception Church]]
|-
| rowspan="3"| [[Dasarapalli]] || rowspan="3"| 1953 || rowspan="3"| Christ the King Church
|-
| St. Antony's Church, Dasarapalli X Road
|-
| St. Antony's Church, Thalikothanur
|-
| [[Denkanikottai]] ± || 1973 || Little Flower Church || St. Joseph Church, AVS, Denkanikottai
|-
| [[Dharmapuri]] ± || 1968 || [[Sacred Heart Cathedral, Dharmapuri|Sacred Heart Cathedral]]
|-
| [[Dinnur, Krishnagiri district|Dhinnur]] || 2023 || St. Paul the Hermit Church
|-
| rowspan="6" | [[Elathagiri]] || rowspan="6" | 1901 || rowspan="6" | [[Our Lady of Refuge Church, Elathagiri|Our Lady of Refuge Church]]
|-
| Holy Family Church (Paarai Kovil)
|-
| Infant Jesus Chapel, Kulandhai Yesu Nagar
|-
| Periyanayagi Church, J.C. Pudur
|-
| Poondi Madha Church, Rayapanoor
|-
| Sagayamadha Church, Sagayapuram
|-
| [[Gopasandiram, Thally|Gopasandiram]] || 2020 || [[Our Lady Of Queen Of Heaven Church, Gopasandiram|Queen of Heaven Church]]
|-
| [[Harur]] ± || 1973 || Sacred Heart Church || St. Antony's Church, Nadiyanur
|-
| [[Hogenakkal, Dharmapuri|Hogenakkal]]-Ootamalai || 2002 || Our Lady of the Falls Church
|-
| [[Hosur]] ± || 1979 || [[Sacred Heart Church, Hosur | Sacred Heart Church]]
|-
| [[Hosur]] - Divine Nagar || 2013 || St. Therese of the Child Jesus
|-
| [[Hosur]] - Sipcot || 2000|| [[Our Lady of Lourdes Church, Hosur|Our Lady of Lourdes Church]]||St. Joseph, the worker Church, Dharga
|-
| rowspan="3"| [[Kadagathur, Dharamapuri|Kadagathur]] || rowspan="3"| 1910 || rowspan="3"| [[Queen of Angels Church, Kadagathur|St. Mary's Church]]
|-
| Our Lady of Refuge Church, K.N.Savulur
|-
| St. Teresa of Baby Jesus Church, Kollagathur
|-
| rowspan="5" | [[Kandikuppam]] || rowspan="5" | 1979 || rowspan="5" | [[Our Lady Of Queen Of Heaven Church, Kandikuppam|Queen of Heaven Church]]
|-
| Infant Jesus Church, Achamangalam
|-
| Our Lady of Refugee Chapel, Kamaraj Nagar
|-
| Velankanni Arokiya Madha Chapel, Kockanoor
|-
| Vannathu Andoniyar Church, Thandavanpallam
|-
| [[Kathanpallam]] || 2018 || [[St. Joseph Church, Kathanpallam|St. Joseph Church]]
|-
| [[Kaveripattinam, Krishnagiri|Kaveripattinam]] || 2009 || Our Lady of Peace Church
|-
| [[Kembathpalli, Krishnagiri district|Kembathpalli]] || 2023 || St. Xavier Church
|-
| [[Kelamangalam]] || 1996 || [[Sacred Heart Church, Kelamangalam|Sacred Heart Church]]
|-
| [[Kethanahalli, Dharmapuri|Kethanahalli]] || 2000 || [[St. Francis Xavier Church, Kethanahalli|St. Francis Xavier's Church]] || Our Lady of Good Health Church, Thumbalahalli Dam
|-
| rowspan="4"| [[Kovilur, Dharamapuri|Kovilur]] || rowspan="4" | 1856 || rowspan="4" | [[St. Francis Xavier Church, Kovilur|St. Xavier's Church]]
|-
| St. Antony's Church, Chittoor
|-
| Immaculate Heart of Mary Church, Kottampatti
|-
| St. Ignatius Of Loyala Church, Narthampatti
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[Krishnagiri]] ± || rowspan="4" | 1930 || rowspan="4" | [[Our Lady of Fatima Church, Krishnagiri|Our Lady of Fatima Shrine]]
|-
| St. Ignatius Of Loyala Church, Oldpet
|-
| St. Joseph Church, Periyarikodi
|-
| Sacred Heart Church, V.Madepalli
|-
| [[Madagondapalli|Mathagondapalli]] || 1930 || [[Sacred Heart Church, Madagondapalli|Sacred Heart Church]]
|-
| [[Mathigiri]] || 1926 || [[Our Lady of Good Health Church, Mathigiri|Our Lady of Good Health Church]] || Our Lady of Good Health Heritage Church, Kudhraipalayam
|-
| [[Nellimarathupatti, Dharmapuri|Nellimarathupatti]] || 2010 || [[Our Lady of Mount Carmel Church, Nellimarathupatti|Our Lady of Mt. Carmel]]
|-
| [[Onnalvadi]] || 2002 || Our Lady of Help Church || Our Lady of Velankanni Church, Chennathur
|-
| rowspan="3"| [[Palakkodu|Palacode]] || rowspan="3"|1985 || rowspan="3"|[[Christ the King Church, Palacode|Christ the King Church]]
|-
| Our Lady of Velankanni Church, [[Savadiyur, Dharmapuri|Savadiyur]]
|-
| Our Lady of Assumption Church, Kesarkuli Dam
|-
| [[Pappireddipatti]] || 2002 || Our Lady of Velankanni Church
|-
| [[Poolapatti]] || 2010 || St. Sebastian's Church
|-
| [[Pushpagiri, Krishnagiri|Pushpagiri]] || 2015 || St. Therese of the Child Jesus || Our Lady of Garland of Flowers, Madha Malai
|-
| [[Rayakottai]] || 1999 || [[Our Lady of Lourdes Church, Rayakottai|Our Lady of Lourdes Church]] || Our Lady of Good Health Church, Panjampalli
|-
| rowspan="5" | [[Selliampatti, Dharamapuri|Selliampatti]] || rowspan="5" | 2016 || rowspan="5" | Infant Jesus Church
|-
| St. Mary Magdalene Church, Gollapatti
|-
| St. Francis Xavier Church, Selliampatti
|-
| St. Joseph Church, Valan Nagar
|-
| St. Antony's Church, Anthoniyar Nagar
|-
| [[Sesurajapuram]] || 1979 || [[St. John de Britto Church, Sesurajapuram|John de Britto Church]] || Our Lady of Good Health Church, Arokiapuram
|-
| [[Shoolagiri]] || 2005 || [[Our Lady Of Velankanni Church, Shoolagiri|Our Lady of Velankanni Church]] || St. Antony Church, Kamaraj Nagar
|-
| [[Sollepuram, Saragapalli|Sollepuram]] || 2014 || Our Lady of Lourdes Church || St. Antony Church, Balagiri
|-
| [[Sundampatti, Krishnagiri district|Sundampatti]] || 1988 || [[St. Antony's Church, Sundampatti|St. Anthony of Padua Church]] || Vanathu Chinnapar Church, Soorankottai

|-
| [[Tangrakottai|Thenkaraikottai]] || 1952 || [[Our Lady of Mount Carmel Church, Thenkaraikottai|Our Lady of Mount Carmel Church]]
|-
| [[Uthangarai]] || 1982 || St. Antony's Church
|-
| [[Visuvasampatti]] || 1969 || Our Lady of Lourdes Church
|}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/dhar0.htm GCatholic.org] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/ddhar.html Catholic Hierarchy] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]

{{Roman Catholic Diocese of Dharmapuri}}{{RC Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore|state=collapsed}}{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|12|6|54.224|N|78|9|33.309|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dharmapuri}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in India]]
[[Category:Christian organizations established in 1997]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century]]
[[Category:Christianity in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic church buildings in the Diocese of Dharmapuri|#]]

Cassam Uteem

2025-12-09T00:12:15Z

Dranvesh: Creating new data

{{Short description|Former President of Mauritius (born 1941)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[The Honourable]]
| name = Cassam Uteem
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|list=[[Order of the Star and Key of the Indian Ocean|GCSK]]}}
| image = Cassam Uteem, 2021.jpg
| order = [[President of Mauritius]]
| primeminister = [[Anerood Jugnauth]] [[Navin Ramgoolam]]
| vicepresident = [[Rabindranath Ghurburrun]] [[Angidi Chettiar]]
| term_start = 30 June 1992
| term_end = 15 February 2002
| predecessor = [[Veerasamy Ringadoo]]
| successor = [[Angidi Chettiar]] (acting)

| order2 = Minister of Employment, Social Security and National Solidarity
| primeminister2 = Anerood Jugnauth
| term_start2 = 15 June 1982
| term_end2 = 22 March 1983
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 = Diwakur Bundhun

| order3 = {{unbulleted list|[[National Assembly (Mauritius)|Member of Parliament]]|for [[Constituencies of Mauritius|Port Louis Maritime and Port Louis East]]}}
| term_start3 = 26 December 1976
| term_end3 = June 1992
| predecessor3 = Elias Oozeerally
| successor3 = Amanullah Essoof

| party = [[Mauritian Militant Movement]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1941|3|22|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Port Louis]], [[British Mauritius]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| spouse = Zohra Jahangeer Uteem
| children = [[Reza Uteem]] Dilshaad Uteem Oomar Uteem
| caption = Uteem in 2021
}}
'''Cassam Uteem''' {{post-nominals|list=[[Order of the Star and Key of the Indian Ocean|GCSK]]}} ({{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|کاسم یوٹیم}}}}; born 22 March 1941)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.clubmadrid.org/cmadrid/index.php?id%3D741 |title=Cassam Uteem |accessdate=22 September 2009 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526011340/http://www.clubmadrid.org/cmadrid/index.php?id=741 |archivedate=26 May 2008}}</ref> is a [[Mauritian]] [[political figure]] who served as the second [[president of Mauritius]] from 30 June 1992 to 15 February 2002. He is the longest serving president of Mauritius.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cassam Uteem Former President of Mauritius |url=https://www.globalcommissionondrugs.org/commissioner/cassam-uteem |website=Global Commission on Drugs |accessdate=2 June 2020}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Cassam Uteem attended the secondary school [[Royal College Port Louis]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jaddoo |first1=Jameela |title=Anniversary of RCPL: 90 years |url=https://defimedia.info/anniversary-royal-college-port-louis-90-years-excelling-education |accessdate=1 March 2019|agency=Le Defimedia |publisher=Defimedia.info}}</ref> Then he travelled to France and studied at [[Paris Diderot University|Paris VII University]] and graduated with a bachelor's degree in Art and a master's degree in Psychology. He also holds a Certificate in Social Work from the University of Mauritius and a "Diplôme d’État Français d’Assistant des services sociaux".<ref>{{cite web |title=Cassam Uteem Former President of Mauritius |url=https://www.globalcommissionondrugs.org/commissioner/cassam-uteem |website=Global Commission on Drugs |accessdate=2 June 2020}}</ref>

==Ancestry and family life==
In the 1800s Cassam Uteem's ancestors migrated from the historic city of [[Azamgarh|Azamgarh's Village Dubawan, Uttar Pradesh]] in India.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Uteem |first1=Cassam |title=Tribute to a renowned statesman |url=https://www.lemauricien.com/le-mauricien/tribute-to-a-renowned-statesman/227539/ |accessdate=27 August 2018|agency=Le Mauricien |publisher=lemauricien.com}}</ref>

He married Zohra Jahangeer and they have 3 children: [[Muhammad Uteem|Reza Uteem]], Dilshaad Uteem and Oomar Uteem. However, Oomar Uteem died in 2007. They also have 10 grandchildren.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ma vie sans Oomar |url=https://www.5plus.mu/node/11163 |accessdate=10 December 2007|agency=5Plus Dimanche |publisher=5plus.mu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Duval |first1=Caroline |title=Cassam Uteem : Démontrer qu'il y a une vie après la présidence 28-Sep-2018 |url=https://defimedia.info/cassam-uteem-demontrer-quil-y-une-vie-apres-la-presidence |publisher=Defimedia |access-date=13 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Savripène |first1=Marie-Annick |title=Facettes cachées de Cassam Uteem: Que Maurice devienne un modèle du vivre-ensemble 12-March-2018 |url=https://lexpress.mu/article/327819/facettes-cachees-decassam-uteem-que-maurice-devienne-un-modele-vivre-ensemble |publisher=L'Express |access-date=13 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Kamanah-Murday |first1=Amy |title=En hommage à un cardiologue parti trop tôt 13-March-2011 |url=https://www.5plus.mu/node/4701 |publisher=5Plus |access-date=13 April 2024}}</ref>

==Political career==
In the 1960s, Cassam Uteem was a youth leader and social worker who was actively involved in the local community during colonial times that preceded the 1968 Independence of Mauritius. He became a leading member of leftist political party the [[Mauritian Militant Movement]] (MMM). In 1969 he was elected Councillor of the City of Port Louis at the Municipal Elections, a position in which he remained for several years before becoming city's Lord Mayor in 1986.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cassam Uteem Former President of Mauritius |url=https://www.globalcommissionondrugs.org/commissioner/cassam-uteem |website=Global Commission on Drugs |accessdate=2 June 2020}}</ref>

Cassam Uteem was elected a member of the Mauritian Legislative Assembly in 1976. He was re-elected as a member of Parliament in 1982, 1983, 1987 and 1991. In 1982 and 1983, he held the portfolio of Minister of Employment, Social Security and National Solidarity. In 1990, he became [[Deputy Prime Minister]] and Minister of Industry and Industrial Technology. When he formed part of the Opposition in Parliament he was "Opposition Whip" and Chairman of the "Public Accounts Committee."<ref>{{cite web |title=Cassam Uteem Former President of Mauritius |url=https://www.globalcommissionondrugs.org/commissioner/cassam-uteem |website=Global Commission on Drugs |accessdate=2 June 2020}}</ref>

Following the establishment of a republic on 12 March 1992, the last [[Governor-General of Mauritius|Governor-General]], [[Veerasamy Ringadoo|Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo]], became the first President.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/NewsUK1992UKEnglish/Mar%2012%201992%2C%20The%20Times%2C%20%2364278%2C%20UK%20%28en%29/page/n19/mode/2up Mauritius casts monarchy adrift], ''[[The Times]]'', 12 March 1992</ref> However, this was under an interim arrangement, and Cassam Uteem was nominated to serve as President for a five-year term with effect from 30 June of that year.

On 15 February 2002, he resigned from office, after refusing to sign a controversial anti-terrorism bill, namely PoTA,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.issafrica.org/cdct/mainpages/pdf/Terrorism/Legislation/Mauritius/Mauritius%20Notes%20on%20AntiTerror%20Laws.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=7 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714161434/http://www.issafrica.org/cdct/mainpages/pdf/Terrorism/Legislation/Mauritius/Mauritius%20Notes%20on%20AntiTerror%20Laws.pdf |archivedate=14 July 2014 }}</ref> into the constitution. His term would have ended in June 2002.<ref name="bbc1">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/1823076.stm|title=Mauritius president resigns|author=BBC News|author-link=BBC News|access-date=26 June 2007| date=15 February 2002|work=BBC News}}</ref> He was replaced as president by [[Angidi Chettiar]].<ref name="bbc2">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1829355.stm|title=Terror law 'signed' in Mauritius|author=BBC News|author-link=BBC News|access-date=26 June 2007| date=19 February 2002|work=BBC News}}</ref>

On 10 November 2014, Mr. Uteem was appointed United Nations Secretary-General's Special Envoy and Head of the United Nations Electoral Observation Mission in Burundi.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.un.org/press/en/2014/sga1522.doc.htm|title = Secretary-General Appoints Cassam Uteem of Mauritius as Special Envoy |publisher=[[United Nations]]}}</ref>

In November 2014, Uteem was elected President of [[International Movement ATD Fourth World]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.atd-fourthworld.org/mr-cassam-uteem-named-president-of/|title= Mr. Cassam Uteem Named President of ATD Fourth World International|publisher= [[ATD Fourth World]]|access-date=27 July 2016|archive-date=13 May 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200513042830/https://www.atd-fourthworld.org/mr-cassam-uteem-named-president-of/|url-status= dead}}</ref>

Uteem was a candidate for the position of [[Chairperson of the African Union Commission]] in early 2008, but withdrew prior to the vote.<ref>Abera W. Kidan, [http://allafrica.com/stories/200801310468.html "Africa: Two Candidates Withdraw Bids for AU Top Post"], ''The Daily Monitor'', Addis Ababa (allAfrica.com), 31 January 2008.</ref>

Cassam Uteem is a Member of the [[Global Leadership Foundation]], an organization which works to support democratic leadership, prevent and resolve conflict through mediation and promote [[good governance]] in the form of democratic institutions, open markets, human rights and the rule of law.{{cn|date=January 2023}} It does so by making available, discreetly and in confidence, the experience of former leaders to today's national leaders. It is a not-for-profit organization composed of former heads of government, senior governmental and international organization officials who work closely with Heads of Government on governance-related issues of concern to them.{{cn|date=January 2023}}

Uteem appeared in the [[John Pilger]] documentary ''[[Stealing a Nation]]'', which is about the [[Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute]].{{cn|date=January 2023}}<ref>{{cite web |title=TV-Canada filmera le sort des Chagossiens 26-Nov-2004 |url=https://lexpress.mu/article/tv-canada-filmera-le-sort-des-chagossiens |publisher=L'Express |access-date=13 April 2024}}</ref>

==Awards and decorations==

*{{flag|Mauritius}}:
**[[File:Order of the Star and Key of the Indian Ocean - GCSK, GOSK, CSK (Mauritius) - ribbon bar.png|70px]] Grand Commander of the [[Order of the Star and Key of the Indian Ocean]] (1993)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{Succession box
|title = [[List of Presidents of Mauritius|President of Mauritius]]
|before = Sir [[Veerasamy Ringadoo]]
|after = [[Angidi Chettiar]] Acting
|years = 1992 – 2002
}}
{{s-end}}

{{MauritiusPres}}
{{Deputy Prime Ministers of Mauritius}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Uteem, Cassam}}
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:Notable alumni of Royal College Port Louis]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Port Louis District]]
[[Category:Paris Diderot University alumni]]
[[Category:Deputy prime ministers of Mauritius]]
[[Category:Presidents of Mauritius]]
[[Category:Mauritian Muslims]]
[[Category:Mauritian politicians of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Grand Commanders of the Order of the Star and Key of the Indian Ocean]]
[[Category:Mauritian Militant Movement politicians]]

2015–16 Senior Women's One Day League

2025-11-16T07:41:59Z

Dranvesh: adding basic data with sources!

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 2015–16 Senior Women's One Day League
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| fromdate = 15 November
| todate = 5 December 2015
| administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]
| cricket format = [[List A cricket|List A]]
| tournament format = [[Round-robin tournament|Round-robin]]
| host =
| champions = [[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]]
| count = 9
| runner up = [[Mumbai women's cricket team|Mumbai]]
| participants = 26
| matches = 66
| attendance =
| player of the series =
| most runs = [[Mithali Raj]] (264)
| most wickets = [[Ekta Bisht]] (15) Nancy Patel (15)
| previous_year = 2014–15
| previous_tournament = 2014–15 Senior Women's One Day League
| next_year = 2016–17
| next_tournament = 2016–17 Senior Women's One Day League
}}

{{2015–16 Indian domestic cricket season}}

The '''2015–16 Senior Women's One Day League''' was the 10th edition of the women's [[List A cricket|List A]] [[cricket]] [[Senior Women's One Day League|competition]] in [[India]]. It took place from 15 November to 5 December 2015, with 26 teams divided into an Elite Group and a Plate Group. [[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]] won the tournament, their fourth in a row and ninth overall, by topping the Elite Group Super League.<ref name="CA">{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/26/Inter_State_Womens_One_Day_Competition_2015-16.html |title=Inter State Women's One Day Competition 2015/16 |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date=14 August 2021}}</ref><ref name="BCCI">{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/events/12451/senior-womens-one-day-league-2015-16 |title=Senior Women's One Day League 2015-16 |publisher=BCCI |access-date=14 August 2021}}</ref>

==Competition format==
The 26 teams competing in the tournament were divided into the Elite Group and the Plate Group, with the 10 teams in the Elite Group further divided into Groups A and B and the 16 teams in the Plate Group into Groups A, B and C. The tournament operated on a [[Round-robin tournament|round-robin]] format, with each team playing every other team in their group once. The top two sides from each Elite Group progressed to the Elite Group Super League, which was a further round-robin group, with the winner of the group being crowned Champions. The bottom side from each Elite Group was relegated to the Plate Group for the following season. Meanwhile, the top two from each Plate Group progressed to a knockout stage, with the two teams that reached the final being promoted for the following season, as well as playing off for the Plate Group title. Matches were played using a [[Limited overs cricket|50 over]] format.

The groups worked on a points system, with positions within the groups based on the total points of each. Points were awarded as follows:<ref name="CAtable">{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/Tables/26/Inter_State_Womens_One_Day_Competition_2015-16.html |title=Inter State Women's One Day Competition 2015/16 Points Tables |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date=14 August 2021}}</ref>

'''Win''': 4 points. 
'''[[Result (cricket)#Tie|Tie]]''': 2 points. 
'''Loss''': 0 points. 
'''No Result/Abandoned''': 2 points.

If points in the final table were equal, teams were separated first by most wins, then by head-to-head record, then [[Net Run Rate]].

==Elite Group==
===Elite Group A===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:140px;"|Team
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|P|Played}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|NR|No result}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|[[Net run rate|NRR]]|Net run rate}}
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]] '''(Q)'''
|4 ||4 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||'''16'''|| +2.262
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Mumbai women's cricket team|Mumbai]] '''(Q)'''
|4 ||2 ||2 ||0 ||0 ||'''8'''|| –0.283
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Punjab women's cricket team (India)|Punjab]]
|4 ||2 ||2 ||0 ||0 ||'''8'''|| –0.614
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Andhra women's cricket team|Andhra]]
|4 ||1 ||3 ||0 ||0 ||'''4'''|| –0.291
|-style="background:#FFCCCC
|style="text-align:left" |[[Odisha women's cricket team|Odisha]] '''(R)'''
|4 ||1 ||3 ||0 ||0 ||'''4'''|| –1.043
|}

===Elite Group B===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:140px;"|Team
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|P|Played}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|NR|No result}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|[[Net run rate|NRR]]|Net run rate}}
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Maharashtra women's cricket team|Maharashtra]] '''(Q)'''
|4 ||3 ||1 ||0 ||0 ||'''12'''|| +0.724
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Hyderabad women's cricket team|Hyderabad]] '''(Q)'''
|4 ||3 ||1 ||0 ||0 ||'''12'''|| +0.338
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Delhi women's cricket team|Delhi]]
|4 ||2 ||2 ||0 ||0 ||'''8'''|| –0.398
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Goa women's cricket team|Goa]]
|4 ||1 ||3 ||0 ||0 ||'''4'''|| –0.184
|-style="background:#FFCCCC
|style="text-align:left" |[[Bengal women's cricket team|Bengal]] '''(R)'''
|4 ||1 ||3 ||0 ||0 ||'''4'''|| –0.241
|}

===Elite Group Super League===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:140px;"|Team
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|P|Played}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|NR|No result}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|[[Net run rate|NRR]]|Net run rate}}
|-style="background:gold;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]] '''(C)'''
|3 ||3 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||'''12'''|| +1.486
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Mumbai women's cricket team|Mumbai]]
|3 ||1 ||2 ||0 ||0 ||'''4'''|| –0.077
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Maharashtra women's cricket team|Maharashtra]]
|3 ||1 ||2 ||0 ||0 ||'''4'''|| –0.426
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Hyderabad women's cricket team|Hyderabad]]
|3 ||1 ||2 ||0 ||0 ||'''4'''|| –0.775
|}

==Plate Group==
===Plate Group A===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:140px;"|Team
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|P|Played}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|NR|No result}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|[[Net run rate|NRR]]|Net run rate}}
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Karnataka women's cricket team|Karnataka]] '''(Q)'''
|5 ||5 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||'''20'''|| +0.304
|-style="background:#dfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Madhya Pradesh women's cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]] '''(Q)'''
|5 ||4 ||1 ||0 ||0 ||'''16'''|| +0.655
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Assam women's cricket team|Assam]]
|5 ||2 ||3 ||0 ||0 ||'''8'''|| +0.147
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Jharkhand women's cricket team|Jharkhand]]
|5 ||2 ||3 ||0 ||0 ||'''8'''|| –0.015
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Uttar Pradesh women's cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]
|5 ||2 ||3 ||0 ||0 ||'''8'''|| –0.047
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Saurashtra women's cricket team|Saurashtra]]
|5 ||0 ||5 ||0 ||0 ||'''0'''|| –0.991
|}

===Plate Group B===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:140px;"|Team
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|P|Played}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|NR|No result}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|[[Net run rate|NRR]]|Net run rate}}
|-style="background:#dfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Haryana women's cricket team|Haryana]] '''(Q)'''
|4 ||3 ||1 ||0 ||0 ||'''12'''|| +0.985
|-style="background:#dfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Himachal Pradesh women's cricket team|Himachal Pradesh]] '''(Q)'''
|4 ||3 ||1 ||0 ||0 ||'''12'''|| +0.875
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Gujarat women's cricket team|Gujarat]]
|4 ||3 ||1 ||0 ||0 ||'''12'''|| +0.563
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Tripura women's cricket team|Tripura]]
|4 ||1 ||3 ||0 ||0 ||'''4'''|| –0.665
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Jammu and Kashmir women's cricket team|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|4 ||0 ||4 ||0 ||0 ||'''0'''|| –1.904
|}

===Plate Group C===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:140px;"|Team
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|P|Played}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|NR|No result}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|[[Net run rate|NRR]]|Net run rate}}
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Kerala women's cricket team|Kerala]] '''(Q)'''
|4 ||3 ||1 ||0 ||0 ||'''12'''|| +1.121
|-style="background:#dfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Baroda women's cricket team|Baroda]] '''(Q)'''
|4 ||3 ||1 ||0 ||0 ||'''12'''|| +0.767
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Tamil Nadu women's cricket team|Tamil Nadu]]
|4 ||3 ||1 ||0 ||0 ||'''12'''|| –0.304
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Vidarbha women's cricket team|Vidarbha]]
|4 ||1 ||3 ||0 ||0 ||'''4'''|| –0.848
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Rajasthan women's cricket team|Rajasthan]]
|4 ||0 ||4 ||0 ||0 ||'''0'''|| –1.009
|}

{{Color box|#cfc|border=darkgray}} Advanced to Plate Group Semi-finals
{{Color box|#dfc|border=darkgray}} Advanced to Plate Group Quarter-finals

===Knockout stage===
{{#invoke:Team bracket|main|rounds=3
| compact = y | byes=1 | seeds = y | RD1-omit = {{{RD1-omit|3/4}}}
| RD1 = Quarter-finals
| RD2 = Semi-finals
| RD3 = Final
| team-width = 130

| RD1-seed1 = A2
| RD1-team1 = '''[[Madhya Pradesh women's cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]'''
| RD1-score1 = '''128/8'''
| RD1-seed2 = B1
| RD1-team2 = [[Haryana women's cricket team|Haryana]]
| RD1-score2 = 75

| RD1-seed3 = B2
| RD1-team3 = [[Himachal Pradesh women's cricket team|Himachal Pradesh]]
| RD1-score3 = 91
| RD1-seed4 = C2
| RD1-team4 = '''[[Baroda women's cricket team|Baroda]]'''
| RD1-score4 = '''94/2'''

| RD2-seed1 = C1
| RD2-team1 = [[Kerala women's cricket team|Kerala]]
| RD2-score1 = 74
| RD2-seed2 = A2
| RD2-team2 = '''[[Madhya Pradesh women's cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]'''
| RD2-score2 = '''75/5'''

| RD2-seed3 = A1
| RD2-team3 = [[Karnataka women's cricket team|Karnataka]]
| RD2-score3 = 104
| RD2-seed4 = C2
| RD2-team4 = '''[[Baroda women's cricket team|Baroda]]'''
| RD2-score4 = '''105/6'''

| RD3-seed1 = C2
| RD3-team1 = [[Baroda women's cricket team|Baroda]]
| RD3-score1 = 112
| RD3-seed2 = A2
| RD3-team2 = '''[[Madhya Pradesh women's cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]'''
| RD3-score2 = '''113/5'''
}}

====Quarter-finals====
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 1 December 2015
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[Madhya Pradesh women's cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]
| team2 = [[Haryana women's cricket team|Haryana]]
| score1 = 128/8 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Nuzhat Parween]] 28 (71)
| wickets1 = Suman Gulia 2/13 (4 overs)
| score2 = 75 (43.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mansi Joshi]] 19 (54)
| wickets2 = Mamta Sharma 4/11 (9 overs)
| result = Madhya Pradesh won by 53 runs
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/858/858668.html Scorecard]
| venue = Santosh Garj Cricket Stadium, [[Una, Himachal Pradesh|Una]]
| umpires = Vaibhav Dhokre and Parashar Joshi
| motm =
| toss = Haryana won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 1 December 2015
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[Himachal Pradesh women's cricket team|Himachal Pradesh]]
| team2 = [[Baroda women's cricket team|Baroda]]
| score1 = 91 (40.4 overs)
| runs1 = Neena Choudhary 50 (113)
| wickets1 = Jaya Mohite 3/23 (10 overs)
| score2 = 94/2 (22.2 overs)
| runs2 = Palak Patel 43[[not out|*]] (69)
| wickets2 = Tanuja Kanwar 2/39 (10 overs)
| result = Baroda won by 8 wickets
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/858/858669.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Indira Gandhi Stadium, Una|Indira Gandhi Stadium]], [[Una, Himachal Pradesh|Una]]
| umpires = Milind Bhatt and Sandeep Chavan
| motm =
| toss = Baroda won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----

====Semi-finals====
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 3 December 2015
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[Karnataka women's cricket team|Karnataka]]
| team2 = [[Baroda women's cricket team|Baroda]]
| score1 = 104 (41.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Challuru Prathyusha]] 35[[not out|*]] (72)
| wickets1 = Zulekha Yakubwala 3/25 (10 overs)
| score2 = 105/6 (44.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Yastika Bhatia]] 26 (88)
| wickets2 = Sahana Pawar 2/5 (10 overs)
| result = Baroda won by 4 wickets
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/858/858671.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Indira Gandhi Stadium, Una|Indira Gandhi Stadium]], [[Una, Himachal Pradesh|Una]]
| umpires = Vaibhav Dhokre and Sandeep Chavan
| motm =
| toss = Baroda won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 3 December 2015
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[Kerala women's cricket team|Kerala]]
| team2 = [[Madhya Pradesh women's cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]
| score1 = 74 (42.4 overs)
| runs1 = Jincy George 23[[not out|*]] (64)
| wickets1 = [[Pooja Vastrakar]] 4/12 (10 overs)
| score2 = 75/5 (31.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Varsha Choudhary]] 26[[not out|*]] (84)
| wickets2 = Aswanthy Mol 2/17 (7 overs)
| result = Madhya Pradesh won by 5 wickets
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/858/858670.html Scorecard]
| venue = Santosh Garj Cricket Stadium, [[Una, Himachal Pradesh|Una]]
| umpires = Milind Bhatt and Parashar Joshi
| motm =
| toss = Madhya Pradesh won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----

====Final====
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 5 December 2015
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[Baroda women's cricket team|Baroda]]
| team2 = [[Madhya Pradesh women's cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]
| score1 = 112 (49.5 overs)
| runs1 = Heena Patel 43 (110)
| wickets1 = [[Nidhi Buley]] 3/14 (8.5 overs)
| score2 = 113/5 (37.3 overs)
| runs2 = Pallavi Bharadwaj 23 (41)
| wickets2 = Gayatri Naik 2/20 (8 overs)
| result = Madhya Pradesh won by 5 wickets
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/858/858672.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Indira Gandhi Stadium, Una|Indira Gandhi Stadium]], [[Una, Himachal Pradesh|Una]]
| umpires = Milind Bhatt and Sandeep Chavan
| motm =
| toss = Madhya Pradesh won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = Madhya Pradesh and Baroda are promoted to the Elite Group.
}}
----

==Statistics==
===Most runs===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!width=125| Player
!width=125| Team
!width=60 | Matches
!width=60 | Innings
!width=60 | Runs
!width=60 | Average
!width=60 | {{Tooltip|HS|Highest score}}
!width=60 | 100s
!width=60 | 50s
|-
|[[Mithali Raj]]
|[[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]]
|7
|6
|'''264'''
|88.00
|72[[not out|*]]
|0
|3
|-
|[[Thirush Kamini]]
|[[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]]
|7
|7
|'''232'''
|46.40
|96
|0
|2
|-
|[[Varsha Choudhary]]
|[[Madhya Pradesh women's cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]
|8
|8
|'''228'''
|38.00
|60
|0
|1
|-
|[[Mamatha Kanojia]]
|[[Assam women's cricket team|Assam]]
|5
|5
|'''193'''
|64.33
|56[[not out|*]]
|0
|3
|-
|[[Smriti Mandhana]]
|[[Maharashtra women's cricket team|Maharashtra]]
|4
|4
|'''193'''
|64.33
|84[[not out|*]]
|0
|2
|-
|}
Source: CricketArchive<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/26/Inter_State_Womens_One_Day_Competition_2015-16/Batting_by_Runs.html |title=Batting and Fielding in Inter State Women's One Day Competition 2015/16 (Ordered by Runs)|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=14 August 2021}}</ref>

===Most wickets===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!width=125| Player
!width=125| Team
!width=60 | Overs
!width=60 | Wickets
!width=60 | Average
!width=60 | BBI
!width=60 | 5w
|-
|[[Ekta Bisht]]
|[[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]]
|53.3
|'''15'''
|5.73
|4/5
|0
|-
|Nancy Patel
|[[Baroda women's cricket team|Baroda]]
|63.3
|'''15'''
|7.93
|4/10
|0
|-
|[[Nidhi Buley]]
|[[Madhya Pradesh women's cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]
|65.1
|'''14'''
|10.07
|3/14
|0
|-
|[[Kavita Patil (cricketer)|Kavita Patil]]
|[[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]]
|58.1
|'''13'''
|9.61
|3/15
|0
|-
|[[Sneh Rana (cricketer)|Sneh Rana]]
|[[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]]
|64.0
|'''13'''
|10.92
|4/20
|0
|}
Source: CricketArchive<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/26/Inter_State_Womens_One_Day_Competition_2015-16/Bowling_by_Wickets.html |title=Bowling in Inter State Women's One Day Competition 2015/16 (Ordered by Wickets)|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=14 August 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Women's Inter State Cricket in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Senior Women's One Day League, 2015-16}}
[[Category:2015 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:2016 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 2015–16]]
[[Category:Senior Women's One Day Trophy]]

List of Left Democratic Front candidates in the 2024 Indian general election

2025-11-13T06:42:27Z

Dranvesh:

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
The '''Left Democratic Front''' ('''LDF''') also known as '''Left Front (Kerala)''' is an alliance of [[centre-left]] to [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] political parties in the state of [[Kerala]], [[India]]. It is the current [[List of current Indian ruling and opposition parties|ruling political alliance]] of Kerala, since 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |author1=Srinivasan Ramani |author2=Vignesh Radhakrishnan |author3=Naresh Singaravelu |date=November 27, 2021 |title=Data {{!}} Assembly election 2021: The Left returns in Kerala |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/data/data-assembly-election-2021-the-left-returns-in-kerala/article34482949.ece}}</ref> It is one of the two major political alliances in Kerala, the other being [[Indian National Congress]]-led [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front]].

==Seat Sharing Arrangement==
{| class="wikitable" width="50%"
! colspan="3" |Party
!Symbol
!Leader(s)
!Seats contested
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|style="text-align:center"|CPI(M)
|[[File:CPIM election symbol.png|60px|centre]]
|[[M.V. Govindan]]
|style="text-align:center"|TBD
|-
|{{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|style="text-align:center"|CPI
|[[File:CPI symbol.svg|50x50px|centre]]
|[[Binoy Vishwam]]
|style="text-align:center"|TBD
|-
| {{party color cell|Kerala Congress (M)}}
|[[Kerala Congress (M)]]
|style="text-align:center"|KC(M)
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Two Leaves.svg|50px|centre]]
|[[Jose K. Mani]]
|style="text-align:center"|TBD
|-
|}

==Candidates==
{| class= "wikitable sortable"
|-
! Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;"|Constituency
! Reserved
! style="width:200px;"|Candidate
!Party
! Result
|-
| 1
| [[Kasaragod (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kasaragod]]
| None
|TBD
|TBD
|TBD
|-
| 2
| [[Kannur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kannur]]
| None
|TBD
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/suresh-gopi-challenges-cpim-says-he-is-ready-to-fight-from-kannur/article66611766.ece |title=Suresh Gopi challenges CPI(M), says he is ready to fight from Kannur |agency=The Hindu Bureau |date=12 March 2023 |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>
|TBD
|-
| 3
| [[Vatakara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vatakara]]
| None
|TBD
|TBD
|TBD
|-
| 4
| [[Wayanad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Wayanad]]
| None
|Annie Raja
|Communist Party of India
|TBD
|-
| 5
| [[Kozhikode (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kozhikode]]
| None
|TBD
|TBD
|TBD
|-
| 6
| [[Malappuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Malappuram]]
| None
|TBD
|TBD
|TBD
|-
| 7
| [[Ponnani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ponnani]]
| None
|TBD
|TBD
|TBD
|-
| 8
| [[Palghat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Palakkad]]
| None
|TBD
|TBD
|TBD
|-
| 9
| [[Alathur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alathur]]
| [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC]]
|TBD
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<ref>{{Cite web |author=Ajmal Mk |url=https://malayalam.oneindia.com/news/kerala/lok-sabha-election-2024-cpm-activates-election-preparations-in-alathur-378002.html?story=1 |date=March 19, 2023 |title=ആലത്തൂർ തിരികെ പിടിക്കാനുറച്ച് സിപിഎം; ഇത്തവണ പികെ ബിജു ഇല്ല, സാധ്യത ഈ മൂന്ന് പേർക്ക് |trans-title=Lok Sabha election 2024: CPM activates election preparations in Alathur |language=Malayalam |website=Oneindia}}</ref>
|TBD
|-
| 10
| [[Trichur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thrissur]]
| None
|VS Sunil Kumar
|Communist Party of India
|TBD
|-
| 11
| [[Chalakudy (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chalakudy]]
| None
|TBD
|TBD
|TBD
|-
| 12
| [[Ernakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ernakulam]]
| None
|TBD
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
|TBD
|-
| 13
| [[Idukki (Lok Sabha constituency)|Idukki]]
| None
|TBD
|TBD
|TBD
|-
| 14
| [[Kottayam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kottayam]]
| None
|[[Thomas Chazhikkadan]]
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Kerala Congress (Mani)|KC(M)]]<ref>{{citation|url=https://malayalam.oneindia.com/news/kerala/kottayam-lok-sabha-election-2024-ldf-seat-for-kerala-congress-m-jose-k-mani-to-contest-376177.html|title=കോട്ടയം സീറ്റ് കേരള കോണ്‍ഗ്രസ് എമ്മിന്: മത്സരിക്കാന്‍ ജോസ് കെ മാണി എത്തണമെന്ന് സിപിഎം|access-date=2023-03-12}}</ref>
| TBD
|-
| 15
| [[Alappuzha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alappuzha]]
| None
|TBD
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
|TBD
|-
| 16
| [[Mavelikara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mavelikara]]
| SC
|C A Arunkumar
|Communist Party of India
|TBD
|-
| 17
| [[Pathanamthitta (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pathanamthitta]]
| None
|T M Thomas Issac
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
|TBD
|-
| 18
| [[Quilon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kollam]]
| None
|[[M Mukesh]]
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
|TBD
|-
| 19
| [[Attingal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Attingal]]
| None
|TBD
|TBD
|TBD
|-
| 20
| [[Trivandrum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thiruvananthapuram]]
| None
|Pannian Raveendran
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |Communist Party of India
|TBD
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

[[Category:Lists of Indian political candidates|L]]
[[Category:Indian general elections in Kerala]]

Yellow Line (Agra Metro)

2025-10-17T11:13:10Z

Dranvesh:

{{Short description|Mass transit system in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox rail line
| name = Yellow Line
| color = {{rcr|Agra Metro|Yellow}}
| logo =
| image = Mankameshwar Temple Metro 2.jpg
| image_width =
| caption = Yellow Line train at Mankameshwar Temple station
| type = [[Rapid Transit]]
| system = [[Agra Metro]]
| status = Partially Operational
| locale = [[Agra]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| start = [[Mankameshwar metro station|Mankameshwar]]'' (further extended to Sikandra)''
| end = [[Taj East Gate metro station|Taj East Gate]]
| stations = 13 6 (operational)
| daily_ridership =
| open = 6 March 2024
| close =
| operator = [[Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation]]
| character = underground and [[elevated railway|elevated]]
| stock = [[Alstom]] - [[Bombardier Movia]]
| linelength = {{cvt|14.25|km}} {{cvt|6.5|km}} (operational)
| tracklength =
| tracks =
| gauge = {{track gauge|sg|allk=on}}
| electrification = 750 V DC [[third rail]]
| speed = {{ubl|{{cvt|80|km/h}} (maximum)|{{cvt|34|km/h}} (average)}}
| map = {{Agra Metro Yellow Line Route}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}

The '''Yellow Line (Line 1)''' ({{langx|hi|येलो लाइन}}) is a partly operational metro rail line of the [[Agra Metro]], a [[rapid transit]] system in [[Agra]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]. The 6.5 km section of the line was inaugurated by PM Modi on 6 March 2024. Once complete, it will connect Sikandra to Taj East Gate by the distance of 14.25 km.

==List of stations==

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" width="65%"
|-
! colspan="8" style="background:#{{rcr|Agra Metro|Yellow}};" | Yellow Line
|-
! width="1%" rowspan="2"|#
! width="5%" colspan="2"|Station Name
! width="5%" rowspan="2"|Opening
! width="10%" rowspan="2"|Connections
! width="5%" rowspan="2"|Layout
|-
! English||[[Hindi]]
|-
| 1 || Sikandra || सिकंदरा || Under construction || None || Elevated
|-
| 2 || Guru Ka Taal || गुरु का ताल|| Under construction || None || Elevated
|-
| 3 || ISBT || आई एस बी टी|| Under construction || None || Elevated
|-
| 4 || RBS College || आर बी एस कॉलेज|| Under construction || None || Underground
|-
| 5 || Raja Ki Mandi || राजा की मंडी|| Under construction || {{ric|Indian Railways}} [[Raja ki Mandi railway station|Raja Ki Mandi]]|| Underground
|-
| 6 || Agra College || आगरा कॉलेज|| Under construction ||{{rcb|Agra Metro|blue|croute}}|| Underground
|-
| 7 || Medical College || मेडिकल कॉलेज|| Under construction || None || Underground
|-
| 8 || {{metro|Mankameshwar}} || मनः कामेश्वर || 6 March 2024 || {{ric|Indian Railways}} [[Agra Fort railway station|Agra Fort]]|| Underground
|-
| 9 || {{metro|Dr. Ambedkar Chowk}} || डॉ. अम्बेडकर चौक || 6 March 2024 || None|| Underground
|-
| 10 || {{metro|Taj Mahal}} || ताज महल ||6 March 2024 || None || Underground
|-
| 11|| {{metro|Fatehabad Road}} || फतेहाबाद रोड ||6 March 2024 || None || Elevated
|-
| 12|| {{metro|Shaheed Captain Shubham Gupta}} || शहीद कैप्टन शुभम गुप्ता ||6 March 2024 || None || Elevated
|-
| 13|| {{metro|Taj East Gate}} || ताज ईस्ट गेट || 6 March 2024 || None || Elevated
|}

==See also==
*[[Agra]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation]]
*[[Rapid transit in India|List of rapid transit systems in India]]
*[[List of metro systems]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Commons|Agra Metro}}
{{Wikivoyage|Agra}}

{{Rapid transit in India}}
{{Portal bar|India|Trains|Transport|Engineering}}

[[Category:Rapid transit lines in India]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 2024]]

Vishesh Ravi

2025-09-30T13:45:58Z

Dranvesh: correct formatting further and improved wording

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| name = Vishesh Ravi
| honorific-suffix =
| image =
| term_start = Feb 2020
| term_end =
| successor =
| constituency2 =
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| constituency3 =
| office3 =
| term_start3 =
| term_end3 =
| predecessor3 =
| successor3 =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| birthname =
| parents =
| citizenship =
| nationality = [[India]]n
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| otherparty =
| spouse =
| partner =
| relations =
| children =
| residence =
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| profession =
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| footnotes =
| blank1 = Religion
| data1 =
| office = [[Delhi Legislative Assembly|Member of the Delhi Legislative Assembly]]
| predecessor = [[Surender Pal Ratawal]]
| constituency = [[Karol Bagh (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Karol Bagh]]
| title1 = Titles
{{Infobox | embed = yes
| label1 = Chairman : | data1 = N.C. Joshi Hospital
| label2 = Chairman : | data2 = Committee on Salary and Other Allowances of Members of Delhi Legislative Assembly
| label3 = Member : | data3 = A & U Tibbia College and Hospital
| label4 = Member : | data4 = Committee on Public Accounts, Delhi Legislative Assembly
}}
}}
'''Vishesh Ravi''' is an Indian politician and member of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]]. He was elected to the [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]] from [[Karol Bagh]] constituency in the [[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|December 2013 elections]], when he defeated [[Surendra Pal]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://zeenews.india.com/assembly-elections-2013/delhi-polls/aap-wrests-reserved-seats-from-congress_895598.html |title=AAP wrests reserved seats from Congress |publisher=Zee News |date=10 December 2013 |accessdate=20 March 2014}}</ref> He has been elected four times consecutively to the Delhi Legislative Assembly (years: 2013, 2015, 2020, 2025).

In 2015, he represented the Government of NCT of Delhi at a conference held in Moscow, at the [https://infobrics.org/news/youthforum/ BRICS Youth Forum].

In 2017, he attended the Indo-Pak Peace Conference held in Dubai. He is recognized for his dedication to public service and was awarded "Best MLA in Delhi Legislative Assembly" in 2017.

On 1 February 2017, Ravi got married in a mass community wedding at the Shri Guru Ravidas Vishram Dham Temple where 8 couples were married in one day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/aap-mla-vishesh-ravi-gets-married-in-community-wedding-alongside-electrician-tailor/534751/|title = AAP MLA Vishesh Ravi gets married in community wedding alongside electrician, tailor|date = 2 February 2017}}</ref>

He tested COVID-19 positive in 2020, during the first wave while serving the people of his constituency. After overcoming COVID-19 he also donated his [https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/convalescent-plasma-therapy/about/pac-20486440#:~:text=Convalescent%20plasma%20(kon%2Dvuh%2D,levels%20to%20treat%20COVID%2D19%20. COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma (CCP)] to a 93 year old ex-air force marshal.

Vishesh Ravi's election results consistently show strong support in recent elections, he won by a substantial margin, reflecting his popularity among constituents.

== Recent Political Context ==

In the recent Delhi elections, Ravi continued as the AAP candidate from Karol Bagh (Central district, SC-reserved seat). His repeated electoral victories indicate a robust connection with local voters and a consistent record on public issues.

Overall, he is regarded as a dedicated public servant with strong grassroots engagement and a record of community-oriented initiatives.

== Early life ==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date=February 2024}}
Vishesh Ravi was born on 19 May 1983, Delhi. He got his primary education from Mussoorie Public School and further education from Delhi. Very soon in his life, from the age of 18 he was involved in social services under the guidance of his father K.C. Ravi.

At the age of 20, he started working for the betterment of homeless kids. He was associated with two NGOs Jamghat and Khoj which help in building shelter for the homeless. He participated in fund raisers and helped organize Street plays ({{lang|hi|nukad natak}}) for homeless children. He also helped restore runaway and homeless kids.

==Member of Legislative Assembly (2020 - present)==
Since 2020, he is an elected member of the [[7th Delhi Assembly]] and [[8th Delhi Assembly]].

;[[8th Delhi Assembly#Committees|Committee assignments of Delhi Legislative Assembly]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Committee System in Legislative Assembly of National Capital Territory of Delhi |url=http://www.delhiassembly.nic.in/Committee/CS-Eng.pdf |website=Legislative Assembly National Capital Territory of Delhi |access-date=17 September 2022 |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920163636/http://www.delhiassembly.nic.in/Committee/CS-Eng.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Member (2022-2023), [[7th Delhi Assembly#Public Accounts Committee|Public Accounts Committee]]<ref name="Delhi House Committees 2021-2022">{{cite web |title=Delhi Legislative Assembly National Capital Territory Of Delhi Composition Of House Committees 2021-2022 |url=http://www.delhiassembly.nic.in/Committee/CommitteeComposition.htm |access-date=17 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226020949/http://www.delhiassembly.nic.in/Committee/CommitteeComposition.htm |archive-date=26 December 2021}}</ref>

==Electoral performance ==
{{transcluded section|source=Karol Bagh Assembly constituency}}
{{#section:Karol Bagh Assembly constituency|Assembly Election 2020}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{Aam Aadmi Party}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-la}}
{{IN Assembly succession box
| state= Delhi
| constituency= Karol Bagh
| before= Surender Pal Ratawal
| after=
| years= [[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2013 - present]] }}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ravi, Vishesh}}
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2013–2015]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2015–2020]]
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2020–2025]]
[[Category:People from Karol Bagh]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party MLAs from Delhi]]
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2025–2030]]

Tata Football Academy

2025-09-29T19:46:19Z

Dranvesh: basic expand lead for accuracy further and improved wording for accuracy

{{Short description|Indian association football academy in Jamshedpur}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox football club
| clubname = Tata Football Academy
| image = Tata Football Academy.svg
| image_size = 200px
| fullname = Tata Football Academy
| nickname = TFA
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1987}}<ref>[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiafound.html India - List of Foundation Dates] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023194819/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/indiafound.html |date=23 October 2021 }}. ''RSSSF''. Retrieved 17 August 2021.</ref>
| ground = [[JRD Tata Sports Complex]] Tinplate Sports Complex
| capacity = 24,424 5,000
| league = Development League{{efn|The players participate as a part of the [[Jamshedpur FC]]'s youth team.}} [[Elite League (India)|Indian Elite League U–18]] [[Elite League (India)|Indian Elite League U–15]] [[Elite League (India)|Indian Elite League U–13]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.tatafootballacademy.com/}}
}}

'''Tata Football Academy''' ('''Tata FA''' or '''TFA''') is a [[Association football|football]] academy based in [[Jamshedpur]], Jharkhand,<ref>{{cite web|first=Atanu|last=Mitra|url=https://scroll.in/field/822605/delhi-dynamos-much-travelled-kean-lewis-has-finally-found-himself-at-home-in-isl-2016|title=Delhi Dynamos' much travelled Kean Lewis has finally found himself at home in ISL 2016|website=Scroll.in|date=27 November 2016|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108091123/https://scroll.in/field/822605/delhi-dynamos-much-travelled-kean-lewis-has-finally-found-himself-at-home-in-isl-2016|archive-date=8 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-transfer-season-201213-updated|title=Indian Football: Transfer Season 2012/13 Updated|date=3 December 2012|access-date=15 July 2022|website=sportskeeda.com|publisher=Sportskeeda|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|archive-date=21 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321155010/https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-transfer-season-201213-updated}}</ref> sponsored by [[Tata Steel]], which owns [[Indian Super League|ISL]] outfit [[Jamshedpur FC]].<ref name="ET-Jamshedpur ISL entry">{{cite news|title=Tata Steel successfully bids for the Jamshedpur team of ISL|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/tata-steel-successfully-bids-for-the-jamshedpur-team-of-isl/articleshow/59113831.cms|access-date=28 March 2019|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=12 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indianfootball.com/team/tfa.html |title=Tata Football Academy |access-date=12 January 2008 |archive-date=8 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080108222601/http://www.indianfootball.com/team/tfa.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It is one of the renowned and leading football academies in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/federation-declares-pk-banerjees-birthday-as-aiff-grassroots-day|title=Federation declares PK Banerjee's birth anniversary as AIFF Grassroots Day|website=the-aiff.com|publisher=[[All India Football Federation]]|date=12 May 2023|access-date=12 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512143401/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/federation-declares-pk-banerjees-birthday-as-aiff-grassroots-day|archive-date=12 May 2023|first=AIFF|last=Media Team|location=New Delhi}}</ref>

==History==
[[Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata]] envisaged not only Asia's first fully integrated Steel Plant but also the model township of Jamshedpur. He advised his son, Sir [[Dorab Tata]], to earmark "areas for Football, hockey and Parks... ". Tata Steel's commitment to sports, in fact, preceded the building of the township. The aforesaid letter was written in 1902 and the site for Jamshedpur selected in 1907.{{cn|date=February 2023}}

Indian footballers [[Chuni Goswami]] and [[Arun Ghosh]] served as directors of TFA from 1986 to 1989, 1989 to 1997 and 1997 to 2003 respectively.<ref name="KF">{{cite web|first=G. C.|last=Das|url=http://www.kolkatafootball.com/kolkatafootball_indian_legend_footballers_profile.html|title=Indian Legendary Football Players Profile: CHUNI GOSWAMI|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914072626/http://www.kolkatafootball.com/kolkatafootball_indian_legend_footballers_profile.html|date=14 September 2008|archive-date=14 September 2008|access-date=25 January 2011|website=www.kolkatafootball.com|publisher=Kolkata Football}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first1=Gautam|last1=Roy|first2=Swapan|last2=Ball|date=2007|url=http://www.eastbengalfootballclub.com/club/famousPlayers3.asp|title=East Bengal Football Club – Famous Players|access-date=25 February 2009|website=www.eastbengalfootballclub.com|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221072434/http://www.eastbengalfootballclub.com/club/famousPlayers3.asp|archive-date=21 February 2009}}</ref>

In November 2017, it was announced that TFA will tie-up with [[La Liga]] giants [[Atlético Madrid]],<ref name="TFA ATM tie-up">{{cite news|title=TFA tie-up with Atletico de Madrid|url=https://www.tatasteel.com/media/newsroom/in-the-news/2018/tfa-tie-up-with-atletico-de-madrid/|access-date=28 March 2019|work=Tata Steel Official Website|date=20 November 2018}}</ref> to enhance and strengthen its existing programmes for promoting Indian football. It was also announced that, TFA is to be renamed as Tata Atletico Football Academia.<ref name="TFA to be renamed">{{cite news|title=TFA Re-named to TATA Atletico Football Academia After Tie-up With Atletico de Madrid|url=https://www.news18.com/news/sports/tfa-re-named-to-tata-atletico-football-academia-after-tie-up-with-atletico-de-madrid-1946921.html|access-date=28 March 2019|work=News 18|date=22 November 2018}}</ref>

In March 2019, Carlos Santamarina was appointed as the head coach of TFA.<ref name="TFA to get new coach">{{cite news|title=TFA ties up with Atletico, names Santamarina as coach|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/tfa-ties-up-with-atletico-names-santamarina-as-coach-119030701231_1.html|access-date=28 March 2019|work=News 18|date=7 March 2019}}</ref> Santamarina has been involved with [[Atlético Madrid]]'s youth coaching set up, which includes development and coaching of kids in the age group of U-15, U-14, U-13 and U-12.

==Honours==
===Domestic competitions===
*'''[[National Football League Second Division (India)|National Football League II]]'''
**Champions (1): 2005–06<ref>{{cite web |title=National Football League Second Division |author=Arunava Choudhary |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/nfl2.html |website=indianfootball.de |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=26 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026081440/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/nfl2.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* '''[[I-League U19]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/2008-09ilj.html|title=I-League (under-19) 2008/09|work=indianfootball.de|date=2008|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718223024/http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/2008-09ilj.html|archive-date=18 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
** Champions (2): [[2014 I-League U19|2014]], [[2008 I-League U19|2008]]
** Runners-up (1): [[2013 I-League U20|2013]]
* '''[[IFA Shield]]'''
** Champions (1): [[2016 IFA Shield|2016]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2016/03/07/21068672/ifa-shield-tata-football-academy-wins-the-120th-ifa-shield|title=IFA Shield: Tata Football Academy wins the 120th IFA Shield|date=7 March 2016|access-date=14 March 2016}}</ref>
* '''[[Sikkim Gold Cup|Sikkim Governor's Gold Cup]]'''
**Champions (1): 2003<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/sikkimgoldcup.html|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Sikkim Governor's Gold Cup|website=indianfootball.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|access-date=16 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006211012/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/sikkimgoldcup.html|archive-date=6 October 2021|url-status=dead|author=Arunava Chaudhuri}}</ref>
* '''[[All India Independence Day Cup]]'''
**Runners-up (1): 1999<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/independencedaycup.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019212053/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/independencedaycup.html|url-status=dead|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Independence Day Cup|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|website=www.indianfootball.de|access-date=7 September 2015|archive-date=19 October 2018}}</ref>
* '''[[Bordoloi Trophy]]'''
**Champions (1): 2000<ref name="List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Bordoloi Trophy">{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/bordoloitrophy.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022051613/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/bordoloitrophy.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-10-22|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Bordoloi Trophy|access-date=3 December 2016 |work=indianfootball.de}}</ref>
* '''[[All Airlines Gold Cup]]'''
**Runners-up (1): 1991<ref>{{Cite web|author=Arunava Chaudhary|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/airlinesgoldcup.html|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Airlines Gold Cup|website=Indianfootball.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|access-date=2 March 2021|archive-date=24 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024223328/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/airlinesgoldcup.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''[[Lal Bahadur Shastri Cup]]'''
**Champions (1): 2004<ref>{{cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/lalbahadurshastricup.html|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Lal Bahadur Shastri Cup|website=indianfootball.de|access-date=15 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315014206/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/lalbahadurshastricup.html|archive-date=15 March 2016|publisher=Indian Football Network|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* '''[[Darjeeling Gold Cup]]'''
**Champions (1): 2011<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kolkatafootball.com/darjeeling_gold_cup2014/index.html|title=14th All India Darjeeling Gold Cup: PREVIOUS WINNERS|website=kolkatafootball.com|publisher=Kolkata Football|access-date=3 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713084014/https://www.kolkatafootball.com/darjeeling_gold_cup2014/index.html|archive-date=13 July 2021}}</ref>
* '''Hot Weather Football Championship'''
**Runners-up (1): 2004<ref>[http://www.indianfootball.de/data/hotweathercup.html List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Hot Weather Football Championship: Himachal Pradesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022122020/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/hotweathercup.html |date=22 October 2020 }} ''indianfootball.de''. Retrieved 16 August 2021.</ref>
*'''Delhi Lt. Governor's Cup'''
**Champions (1): 2005<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chaudhuri|first=Arunava|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/ltgovernorscup.html|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Delhi Lt. Governor's Cup|website=indianfootball.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|date=2008|access-date=2 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903180048/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/ltgovernorscup.html|archive-date=3 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*'''All India Sambalpur Gold Cup'''
**Runners-up (1): 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/home/mohammedan-sporting-wins-sambalpur-cup_577247.html|title=Mohammedan Sporting wins Sambalpur Cup|date=8 November 2009|access-date=4 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304152910/https://zeenews.india.com/sports/football/mohammedan-sporting-wins-sambalpur-cup_577247.html|archive-date=4 March 2025|work=Zee News}}</ref>

==Partnerships==
* {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Atlético Madrid]] (until 2011)<ref name="Partnership">{{cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/10-partnerships-between-indian-and-european-football-clubs-which-broke-down|title=10 Partnerships between Indian and European football clubs which broke down|date=28 June 2019|access-date=15 January 2022|website=sportskeeda.com|publisher=[[Sportskeeda]]|first1=Abhishek|last1=Kundu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231229133036/https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/10-partnerships-between-indian-and-european-football-clubs-which-broke-down|archive-date=29 December 2023}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Sheffield United F.C.]] (2011–?)<ref name="Partnership"/>

==See also==
* [[Jamshedpur FC]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Tata Group}}

[[Category:Football clubs in Jamshedpur]]
[[Category:Tata Group]]
[[Category:1987 establishments in Bihar]]
[[Category:Works football clubs in India]]
[[Category:Association football clubs established in 1987]]
[[Category:Football academies in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Jamshedpur]]

2019–20 BDFA Super Division

2025-08-30T01:25:38Z

Dranvesh: adding new article needs work

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox football league season
| competition = [[BDFA Super Division]]
| season = 2019–20
| dates = {{nowrap|2 November 2019 – 4 January 2020}}
| winners = [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru FC 'B']] (2nd title)
| promoted =
| relegated = AGORC Students Union
| matches = 91
| total goals =
| league topscorer =
| biggest home win =
| biggest away win =
| highest scoring = AGORC 0–7 [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru FC 'B']] {{small|(27 December 2019)}}
| longest wins = [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru FC 'B']] (9 games)
| longest unbeaten = Kickstart FC (13 games)
| longest winless =
| longest losses =
| prevseason = [[2018–19 BDFA Super Division|2018–19]]
| nextseason = [[2020–21 BDFA Super Division|2020–21]]
| updated = 4 January 2020
}}

The '''2019–20 BDFA Super Division''' was the seventeenth season of the [[BDFA Super Division]] which is the third tier of the Indian [[association football]] system and the top tier of the Karnataka football system. The season started on 2 November 2019. [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru FC 'B']] were the defending champions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sportscafe.in/articles/football/2018/dec/27/bengaluru-fc-b-lifts-bdfa-super-division-trophy-by-beating-asc|title=Bengaluru FC B lifts BDFA Super Division Trophy by beating ASC|date=27 December 2018}}</ref> All games were played at [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]. The league was contested by top 12 teams from 2018 to 2019 season as well as Income Tax and AGORC who were promoted from 2018 to 2019 BDFA 'A' division. They replaced Jawahar Union and CIL who were relegated to 2019–20 BDFA 'A' Division.

[[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru FC 'B']] defended the title won in 2018–19 season. At the end of the season, Students Union and AGORC were relegated to 'A' Division.

==Teams==
Fourteen teams complete in the league.<ref>{{cite news |title=Defending Champions Bengaluru FC all set for BDFA Super Division League |url=https://www.bengalurufc.com/2019/bfc-b/defending-champions-bengaluru-fc-set-bdfa-super-division-league/ |accessdate=12 December 2019 |work=BengaluruFC.com |date=12 November 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212133235/https://www.bengalurufc.com/2019/bfc-b/defending-champions-bengaluru-fc-set-bdfa-super-division-league/ |archivedate=12 December 2019}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!Club
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Bangladesh Army Service Corps|Army Service Corps]] (ASC)
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Aeronautical Development Establishment (football club)|ADE]]
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|Accountants General's Office Recreation Club (AGORC)
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|Bangalore Dream United
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|Bangalore Eagles
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|Bangalore Independents
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru FC 'B']]
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|Income Tax
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|Kickstart
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Madras Engineer Group]] (MEG)
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Ozone FC]]
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[South United F.C.|South United]]
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|Students Union
|}

=== Personnel and kits ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Team
! Manager
! Captain
! Kit manufacturer
|-
|ASC
|
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jotin Singh]]<ref>{{cite news |title=ADE rally well to hold ASC |newspaper=The Times of India |date=17 November 2019 |page=19 |edition=Bangalore}}</ref>
|
|-
|Bengaluru FC 'B'
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Naushad Moosa]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Education is important to make your presence felt |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/sportscene/education-is-important-to-make-your-presence-felt-739036.html |website=Deccan Herald |accessdate=19 December 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219095240/https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/sportscene/education-is-important-to-make-your-presence-felt-739036.html |archivedate=19 December 2019 |language=en |date=8 June 2019}}</ref>
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Roshan Singh (footballer)|Roshan Singh]]<ref>{{cite tweet|user=bengalurufc|title=Winger Naorem Roshan Singh will lead the 22-member Bengaluru FC team in the 2019 edition of the prestigious Durand Cup. |number=1156899838815920128|publisher=Bengaluru FC|date=1 August 2019}}</ref>
|
|-
|Bengaluru United
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gouramangi Singh]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Achal |first1=Ashwin |title=Gouramangi Singh takes up coaching role at FC Bengaluru United |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/gouramangi-singh-takes-up-coaching-role-at-fc-bengaluru-united/article30008761.ece |accessdate=26 December 2019 |work=Sportstar |date=18 November 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
|{{flagicon|IND}} Mohammad Asrar Rehbar<ref>{{cite news |title=Skipper Rehber's first-half strike seals the deal |newspaper=Deccan Herald |date=19 December 2019 |page=16 |edition=Bangalore}}</ref>
|
|-
|Income Tax
|
|{{flagicon|IND}} A. D. Kumar<ref>{{cite news |title=Sappers stage fine fightback |url=http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191108_2&article=1519453259 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127053159/http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191108_2&article=1519453259 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=27 November 2024 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |accessdate=21 December 2019 |page=18 |date=8 November 2019 |edition=Bangalore}}</ref>
|
|-
|Kickstart FC<ref>{{cite news |title=Kickstart FC Karnataka target winning start |url=http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/data/pp3-20180928_2/webepaper/pdf/422298.pdf |work=Deccan Herald |date=28 September 2018 |page=17 |edition=Bangalore |access-date=20 December 2019 |archive-date=20 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220043130/http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/data/pp3-20180928_2/webepaper/pdf/422298.pdf |url-status=usurped }}</ref>
|{{flagicon|DEN}} Lars Sørensen
|{{flagicon|IND}} Vignesh G.
|
|-
|Ozone
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Noel Wilson]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Noel Wilson join Ozone Football Club |url=https://www.gcsstars.com/2019/08/noel-wilson-join-ozone-football-club.html |accessdate=20 December 2019 |publisher=gcsstars.com |date=1 August 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220074648/https://www.gcsstars.com/2019/08/noel-wilson-join-ozone-football-club.html |archivedate=20 December 2019}}</ref>
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gunashekar Vignesh]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ferrao|first1=Christal |title=How a Bengaluru football club is helping the underprivileged by sourcing local talent|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/how-bengaluru-football-club-helping-underprivileged-sourcing-local-talent-81548|publisher=The News Minute|website=www.thenewsminute.com|date=18 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220041854/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/how-bengaluru-football-club-helping-underprivileged-sourcing-local-talent-81548|archive-date=20 December 2019}}</ref>
|
|-
|South United<ref>{{cite web |title=South United FC launches jersey ahead of 2019/20 season |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/south-united-fc-launches-jersey-ahead-of-2019-20-season |website=Sportskeeda |accessdate=12 December 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212132755/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/south-united-fc-launches-jersey-ahead-of-2019-20-season |archivedate=12 December 2019 |language=en-us |date=29 October 2019}}</ref>
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Alfred Fernandes]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} Magesh Selva
|Vector X
|}

==Table==
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=football
|update=complete
|source= [https://www.gcsstars.com/2019/11/fixture-points-table-bdfa-super.html Garden City Soccer]

|team1=BFC
|team2=KFC
|team3=BUFC
|team4=ASC
|team5=SOU
|team6=OFC
|team7=MEG
|team8=BI
|team9=BDU
|team10=BE
|team11=ADE
|team12=IT
|team13=STU
|team14=AGORC

|result1=C
|result13=REL
|result14=REL





|win_ASC = 7 | draw_ASC =4 | loss_ASC = 2| gf_ASC = 32| ga_ASC = 17
|win_ADE =2 | draw_ADE =5 | loss_ADE = 6| gf_ADE =12| ga_ADE = 26
|win_BDU =4 | draw_BDU =2 | loss_BDU = 7| gf_BDU =12 | ga_BDU = 36
|win_BE = 2| draw_BE = 7| loss_BE = 4| gf_BE = 13| ga_BE = 15
|win_BI = 5| draw_BI = 0| loss_BI =8 | gf_BI =17 | ga_BI = 27
|win_BFC =11 | draw_BFC = 1| loss_BFC = 1| gf_BFC = 40| ga_BFC = 6 |status_BFC = C
|win_IT = 1| draw_IT =4 | loss_IT = 8| gf_IT = 7| ga_IT = 19
|win_BUFC = 7| draw_BUFC = 5| loss_BUFC = 1| gf_BUFC = 23| ga_BUFC = 7
|win_AGORC = 0| draw_AGORC =3 | loss_AGORC = 10| gf_AGORC = 4 | ga_AGORC = 39 |status_AGORC = R
|win_KFC =10 | draw_KFC =3 | loss_KFC = 0| gf_KFC =45 | ga_KFC = 8
|win_MEG = 5| draw_MEG =5 | loss_MEG =3 | gf_MEG = 18| ga_MEG = 20
|win_OFC =6 | draw_OFC =3 | loss_OFC =4 | gf_OFC = 16| ga_OFC = 11
|win_SOU =7 | draw_SOU =2 | loss_SOU = 4| gf_SOU = 23| ga_SOU = 17
|win_STU =1 | draw_STU =2 | loss_STU = 10| gf_STU = 8| ga_STU = 22 |status_STU = R



|name_ASC = Army Service Corps
|name_ADE = [[Aeronautical Development Establishment (football club)|ADE]]
|name_BDU = Bangalore Dream United
|name_BE = Bangalore Eagles
|name_BI = Bangalore Independents
|name_BFC = [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru FC 'B']]
|name_IT = Income Tax
|name_BUFC = [[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]
|name_AGORC = AGORC
|name_KFC = Kickstart FC
|name_MEG = MEG
|name_OFC = [[Ozone F.C.|Ozone]]
|name_SOU = [[South United F.C.|South United]]
|name_STU = Students Union


|show_limit=5
|class_rules = 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored
|res_col_header=QR
|col_C=green1 |text_C=Champions
|col_REL=red1 |text_REL=Relegation to [[BDFA A Division]]

}}

==Results==
{{#invoke:sports results|main
| source = [https://www.gcsstars.com/2019/11/fixture-points-table-bdfa-super.html Garden City Soccer]
| update = complete
| a_note =
| matches_style = FBR

|team1=ASC
|team2=ADE
|team3=AGORC
|team4=DU
|team5=BE
|team6=BI
|team7=BFC
|team8=BU
|team9=IT
|team10=KFC
|team11=MEG
|team12=OFC
|team13=SUFC
|team14=SU

|name_ASC = ASC
|name_ADE = [[Aeronautical Development Establishment (football club)|ADE]]
|name_AGORC = AGORC
|name_DU = Bangalore Dream United
|name_BE = Bangalore Eagles
|name_BI = {{nowrap|Bangalore Independents}}
|name_BFC = [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru FC 'B']]
|name_BU = [[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]
|name_IT = Income Tax
|name_KFC = Kickstart FC
|name_MEG = MEG
|name_OFC = [[Ozone F.C.|Ozone]]
|name_SUFC = [[South United F.C.|South United]]
|name_SU = Students Union



 |match_ASC_ASC = —
 |match_ASC_ADE = 1—1
 |match_ASC_AGORC = 0—5
 |match_ASC_DU = 8—1
 |match_ASC_BE = 2—1
 |match_ASC_BI= 3—0
 |match_ASC_BFC = 3—2
 |match_ASC_BU = 1—4
 |match_ASC_IT = 4—2
 |match_ASC_KFC = 0—2
 |match_ASC_MEG = 1—1
 |match_ASC_OFC = 2—2
 |match_ASC_SUFC = 1—1
 |match_ASC_SU = 1—0



 |match_ADE_ASC = —
 |match_ADE_ADE = —
 |match_ADE_AGORC = 0—0
 |match_ADE_DU = 3—2
 |match_ADE_BE = 0—0
 |match_ADE_BI= 5—4
 |match_ADE_BFC = 0—1
 |match_ADE_BU = 0—2
 |match_ADE_IT = 2—2
 |match_ADE_KFC = 0—4
 |match_ADE_MEG = 0—3
 |match_ADE_OFC = 0—2
 |match_ADE_SUFC = 0—4
 |match_ADE_SU = 1—1



 |match_AGORC_ASC = —
 |match_AGORC_ADE = —
 |match_AGORC_AGORC = —
 |match_AGORC_DU = 0—1
 |match_AGORC_BE = 2—2
 |match_AGORC_BI= 0—2
 |match_AGORC_BFC = 0—7
 |match_AGORC_BU = 0—4
 |match_AGORC_IT = 0—0
 |match_AGORC_KFC = 0—6
 |match_AGORC_MEG = 0—3
 |match_AGORC_OFC = 0—2
 |match_AGORC_SUFC = 0—4
 |match_AGORC_SU = 2—3



 |match_DU_ASC = —
 |match_DU_ADE = —
 |match_DU_AGORC = —
 |match_DU_DU = —
 |match_DU_BE = 0—0
 |match_DU_BI= 2—1
 |match_DU_BFC = 0—8
 |match_DU_BU = 0—2
 |match_DU_IT = 0—1
 |match_DU_KFC = 0—5
 |match_DU_MEG = 2—2
 |match_DU_OFC = 1—2
 |match_DU_SUFC = 1—5
 |match_DU_SU = 1—0



 |match_BE_ASC = —
 |match_BE_ADE = —
 |match_BE_AGORC = —
 |match_BE_DU = —
 |match_BE_BE = —
 |match_BE_BI= 1—3
 |match_BE_BFC = 0—1
 |match_BE_BU = 0—0
 |match_BE_IT = 0—0
 |match_BE_KFC = 2—2
 |match_BE_MEG = 2—2
 |match_BE_OFC = 1—0
 |match_BE_SUFC = 1—2
 |match_BE_SU = 3—1



 |match_BI_ASC = —
 |match_BI_ADE = —
 |match_BI_AGORC = —
 |match_BI_DU = —
 |match_BI_BE = —
 |match_BI_BI= —
 |match_BI_BFC = 0—1
 |match_BI_BU = 0—4
 |match_BI_IT = 3—0
 |match_BI_KFC = 0—6
 |match_BI_MEG = 1—2
 |match_BI_OFC = 0—2
 |match_BI_SUFC = 2—1
 |match_BI_SU = 1—0



 |match_BFC_ASC = —
 |match_BFC_ADE = —
 |match_BFC_AGORC = —
 |match_BFC_DU = —
 |match_BFC_BE = —
 |match_BFC_BI= —
 |match_BFC_BFC = —
 |match_BFC_BU = 2—1
 |match_BFC_IT = 3—0
 |match_BFC_KFC = 1—1
 |match_BFC_MEG = 6—1
 |match_BFC_OFC = 3—0
 |match_BFC_SUFC = 4—0
 |match_BFC_SU = 1—0



 |match_BU_ASC = —
 |match_BU_ADE = —
 |match_BU_AGORC = —
 |match_BU_DU = —
 |match_BU_BE = —
 |match_BU_BI= —
 |match_BU_BFC = —
 |match_BU_BU = —
 |match_BU_IT = 1—0
 |match_BU_KFC = 2—2
 |match_BU_MEG = 0—0
 |match_BU_OFC = 1—0
 |match_BU_SUFC = 1—1
 |match_BU_SU = 1 —1



 |match_IT_ASC = —
 |match_IT_ADE = —
 |match_IT_AGORC = —
 |match_IT_DU = —
 |match_IT_BE = —
 |match_IT_BI= —
 |match_IT_BFC = —
 |match_IT_BU = —
 |match_IT_IT = —
 |match_IT_KFC = 1—2
 |match_IT_MEG = 1—2
 |match_IT_OFC = 0—0
 |match_IT_SUFC = 0—1
 |match_IT_SU = 1—0



 |match_KFC_ASC = —
 |match_KFC_ADE = —
 |match_KFC_AGORC = —
 |match_KFC_DU = —
 |match_KFC_BE = —
 |match_KFC_BI= —
 |match_KFC_BFC = —
 |match_KFC_BU = —
 |match_KFC_IT = —
 |match_KFC_KFC = —
 |match_KFC_MEG = 4—0
 |match_KFC_OFC = 2—1
 |match_KFC_SUFC = 4—0
 |match_KFC_SU = 5—1



 |match_MEG_ASC = —
 |match_MEG_ADE = —
 |match_MEG_AGORC = —
 |match_MEG_DU = —
 |match_MEG_BE = —
 |match_MEG_BI= —
 |match_MEG_BFC = —
 |match_MEG_BU = —
 |match_MEG_IT = —
 |match_MEG_KFC = —
 |match_MEG_MEG = —
 |match_MEG_OFC = 1—1
 |match_MEG_SUFC = 0—2
 |match_MEG_SU = 1—0



 |match_OFC_ASC = —
 |match_OFC_ADE = —
 |match_OFC_AGORC = —
 |match_OFC_DU = —
 |match_OFC_BE = —
 |match_OFC_BI= —
 |match_OFC_BFC = —
 |match_OFC_BU = —
 |match_OFC_IT = —
 |match_OFC_KFC = —
 |match_OFC_MEG = —
 |match_OFC_OFC = —
 |match_OFC_SUFC = 2—0
 |match_OFC_SU = 2—0



 |match_SUFC_ASC = —
 |match_SUFC_ADE = —
 |match_SUFC_AGORC = —
 |match_SUFC_DU = —
 |match_SUFC_BE = —
 |match_SUFC_BI= —
 |match_SUFC_BFC = —
 |match_SUFC_BU = —
 |match_SUFC_IT = —
 |match_SUFC_KFC = —
 |match_SUFC_MEG = —
 |match_SUFC_OFC = —
 |match_SUFC_SUFC = —
 |match_SUFC_SU = 2—1



 |match_SU_ASC = —
 |match_SU_ADE = —
 |match_SU_AGORC = —
 |match_SU_DU = —
 |match_SU_BE = —
 |match_SU_BI= —
 |match_SU_BFC = —
 |match_SU_BU = —
 |match_SU_IT = —
 |match_SU_KFC = —
 |match_SU_MEG = —
 |match_SU_OFC = —
 |match_SU_SUFC = —
 |match_SU_SU = —

}}

== Matches ==
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 2 November 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]
|score= 4–1
|team2= Army Service Corps
|goals1= Rehbar {{goal|29||34}} [[Amey Bhatkal|Bhatkal]] {{goal|36}} [[Hardik Bhatt|Bhatt]] {{goal|81}}
|goals2= [[Jotin Singh|J. Singh]] {{goal|13}}
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 2 November 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[South United F.C.|South United]]
|score= 2–1
|team2= Students Union
|goals1= [[Rungsing Muinao|Muinao]] {{goal|45}} [[Jaison Vaz|Vaz]] {{goal|60}}
|goals2= [[Sudharshan Lokur|Lokur]] {{goal|78}}
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 3 November 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Bangalore Independents
|score= 3–1
|team2= Bangalore Eagles
|goals1= Gopi {{goal|9||46}} Subhash {{goal|45+1}}
|goals2= Vishnu {{goal|81}}
|report= https://www.sportseam.com/language/en/super-division-football-gopi-brace-fires-bangalore-independent-fc
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 3 November 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[Aeronautical Development Establishment (football club)|ADE]]
|score= 3–2
|team2= Bangalore Dream United
|goals1= Anoop C. {{goal|25}} Stephen Rajkiran L. {{goal|72}} Bibin Babu {{goal|78}}
|goals2= Rahul Acharya {{goal|32}} Udith Rajashekar {{goal|71}}
|report= https://www.sportseam.com/language/en/super-division-football-gopi-brace-fires-bangalore-independent-fc
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 4 November 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= AGORC
|score= 0–0
|team2= Income Tax
|goals1=
|goals2=
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 5 November 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[South United F.C.|South United]]
|score= 0–2
|team2= [[Ozone F.C.|Ozone]]
|goals1=
|goals2= [[Gangandeep Singh|G. Singh]] {{goal|59}} [[Kapil Bhat|Bhat]] {{goal|80}}
|report= https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/2019-20-bdfa-super-division-south-united-fc-register-first-defeat-of-the-season-to-ozone-fc
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 6 November 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[Aeronautical Development Establishment (football club)|ADE]]
|score= 1–1
|team2= Students Union
|goals1= [[Bibin Babu|Babu]] {{goal|83}}
|goals2= [[Rup Das|Das]] {{goal|55}}
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191107_2&article=593805414
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 7 November 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= AGORC
|score= 2–2
|team2= Bangalore Eagles
|goals1= Aayush David Koshy {{goal|81}} Jaikumar V. {{goal|87}}
|goals2= Appu {{goal|37}} Vignesh S. {{goal|39}}
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191108_2&article=1519453259
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 7 November 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= MEG
|score= 2–1
|team2= Income Tax
|goals1= Shubam Rana {{goal|81}} Parthiban K. {{goal|90}}
|goals2= AD Kumar {{goal|45+1}}
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191108_2&article=1519453259
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 8 November 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[Ozone F.C.|Ozone]]
|score= 0–1
|team2= [[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]
|goals1=
|goals2= [[Mohammed Asrar Rehber|Rehber]] {{goal|45+1}}
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 9 November 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= ASC
|score= 3–0
|team2= Bangalore Independents
|goals1= [[Muthuraman Thiyagarajan|Thiyagarajan]] {{goal|25}} Anthony Jay Praksham {{goal|34|o.g.}} [[Jotin Singh|J. Singh]] {{goal|66}}
|goals2=
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 11 November 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Bangalore Eagles
|score= 0–0
|team2= [[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191112_10&article=34239053
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 11 November 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Bangalore Dream United
|score= 1–5
|team2= [[South United F.C.|South United]]
|goals1= [[Aditya Rautela|Rautela]] {{goal|15}}
|goals2= Harijan {{goal|23||88}} [[Rungsing Muinao|Muinao]] {{goal|36|pen.}} [[Jaison Vaz|Vaz]] {{goal|67}} [[Vikram Venkatachalam|Venkatachalam]] {{goal|90}}
|report= https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/bdfa-super-division-2019-20-south-united-cruise-to-5-1-victory-over-bangalore-dream-united
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 12 November 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Bangalore Independents
|score= 3–0
|team2= Income Tax
|goals1= Abdul {{goal|40}} [[Satish Kumar Jr]] {{goal|45+2}} Gopi {{goal|90+4}}
|goals2=
|report= https://www.timesofmedia.com/independents-prevail-over-i-t-3-0-cil-post-win-in-a-division-1376.html
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 12 November 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[Ozone F.C.|Ozone]]
|score= 2–0
|team2= [[Aeronautical Development Establishment (football club)|ADE]]
|goals1= [[Adersh Mattummal|Mattummal]] {{goal|65}} [[Kapil Bhatt|Bhatt]] {{goal|75}}
|goals2=
|report= https://www.timesofmedia.com/independents-prevail-over-i-t-3-0-cil-post-win-in-a-division-1376.html
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 13 November 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Kickstart FC
|score= 6–0
|team2= AGORC
|goals1= [[Edwin Rossario|Rossario]] {{goal|24}} Shelton Paul {{goal|37}} [[Uzochi Echebiri|Echebiri]] {{goal|40}} Nikhil Raj {{goal|43}} Sudheer Kotikela {{goal|79}} Pradeep R. {{goal|81}}
|goals2=
|report= https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/asc-wins-a-thriller-against-bfc/article29964212.ece
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 13 November 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= ASC
|score= 3–2
|team2= [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru FC 'B']]
|goals1= [[Muthuraman Thiyagarajan|Thiyagarajan]] {{goal|16}} [[Jotin Singh|J. Singh]] {{goal|85}} Niraj Singh {{goal|90+3|pen.}}
|goals2= [[Edmund Lalrindika|Lalrindika]] {{goal|52}} [[Leon Augustine|Augustine]] {{goal|74|pen.}}
|report= https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/asc-wins-a-thriller-against-bfc/article29964212.ece
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 14 November 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Students Union
|score= 0–1
|team2= MEG
|goals1=
|goals2= [[Letholen Khongsai|Khongsai]] {{goal|28}}
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191115_10&article=1717572882
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 16 November 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Bangalore Independents
|score= 0–6
|team2= Kickstart FC
|goals1=
|goals2= [[Uzochi Echebiri|Echebiri]] {{goal|17||62}} Sudheer {{goal|34}} Nikhil Raj {{goal|43||53||73}}
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 16 November 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[Aeronautical Development Establishment (football club)|ADE]]
|score= 1–1
|team2= ASC
|goals1= Saleem {{goal|64}}
|goals2= Arunjith Meitei {{goal|22}}
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 17 November 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Students Union
|score= 3–2
|team2= AGORC
|goals1= [[Rup Das|Das]] {{goal|5}} Obem Sunday Junior {{goal|33}} Tamba Ibrahim Idi {{goal|84}}
|goals2= Pradeep {{goal|44}} Manju {{goal|58}}
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191118_2&article=438192460
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 17 November 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= MEG
|score= 2–2
|team2= Bangalore Dream United
|goals1= Shaikh Muzeeb {{goal|60}} Lethaolen Khongsai {{goal|88}}
|goals2= Aditya Rauela {{goal|8}} Mohammed Niyas {{goal|78}}
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191118_2&article=438192460
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 18 November 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]
|score= 1–0
|team2= Income Tax
|goals1= Rehbar {{goal|36}}
|goals2=
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191119_2&article=353563325
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 20 November 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Bangalore Eagles
|score= 0–1
|team2= [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru FC 'B']]
|goals1=
|goals2= [[Edmund Lalrindika|Lalrindika]] {{goal|49}}
|report= https://www.bengalurufc.com/2019/bfc-b/blue-colts-secure-first-win-bangalore-eagles-1-0
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 21 November 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Income Tax
|score= 0–1
|team2= [[South United F.C.|South United]]
|goals1=
|goals2= [[Rungsing Muinao|Muinao]] {{goal|89}}
|report= https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/2019-20-bdfa-super-division-south-united-fc-script-last-minute-1-0-win-against-income-tax
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 21 November 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[Ozone F.C.|Ozone]]
|score= 2–0
|team2= Bangalore Independents
|goals1= Aloysious M. {{goal|45+2}} Gagandeep Singh {{goal|76}}
|goals2=
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee= Chinnappan Leo
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 22 November 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Kickstart FC
|score= 4–0
|team2= [[Aeronautical Development Establishment (football club)|ADE]]
|goals1= Solaimalai {{goal|15}} Abilash {{goal|26}} Vzoch Emmanuel {{goal|51}} Sudheer Kotikela {{goal|55}}
|goals2=
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191123_2&article=922323650
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 22 November 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= ASC
|score= 5–0
|team2= AGORC
|goals1= [[Jotin Singh|J. Singh]] {{goal|20|pen.|47}} [[Muthuraman Thiyagarajan|Thiyagarajan]] {{goal|24}} Sharath Kumar {{goal|81}} Deepak Singh {{goal|88}}
|goals2=
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191123_2&article=922323650
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 23 November 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru FC 'B']]
|score= 1–0
|team2= Students Union
|goals1=
* [[Suresh Singh Wangjam|Suresh]] {{goal|90+4}}
|goals2=
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 23 November 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Bangalore Eagles
|score= 2–2
|team2= MEG
|goals1=
* Vignesh Srinivas {{goal|45+2}}
* Sunil Christopher {{goal|63}}
|goals2=
* Ahmed Asurul Huq {{goal|1}}
* Prabin Tigga {{goal|4|o.g.}}
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 24 November 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Bangalore Dream United
|score= 0–2
|team2= [[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
* Thomya L. Shimray {{goal|17}}
* Kiran Saravana {{goal|90+1|pen.}}
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 25 November 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Kickstart FC
|score= 4–0
|team2= [[South United F.C.|South United]]
|goals1=
* Sudheer Kotikela {{goal|17||22||49}}
* Uzochi Emmanuel Echebiri {{goal|47}}
|goals2=
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 26 November 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= ASC
|score= 1–1
|team2= MEG
|goals1=
* Jotin Singh {{goal|29}}
|goals2=
* Lalthaolen Khongsai {{goal|90+4|pen.}}
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 27 November 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Bangalore Independents
|score= 1–2
|team2= Bangalore Dream United
|goals1=
* Narendra {{goal|90+1|pen.}}
|goals2=
* Shafeeq Thekkumpat {{goal|46}}
* Vishnu {{goal|61}}
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 27 November 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= ADE
|score= 2–2
|team2= Income Tax
|goals1=
* Bibin Babu {{goal|28||77}}
|goals2=
* Austin {{goal|24}}
* Amal Dhungat {{goal|56}}
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 28 November 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Bangalore Eagles
|score= 1–2
|team2= [[South United F.C.|South United]]
|goals1=
* [[Cletus Paul]] {{goal|30}}
|goals2=
* Rungsing Muinao {{goal|13}}
* Abhilash Mundanmaril Krishnan {{goal|85}}
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 28 November 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= AGORC
|score= 0–2
|team2= [[Ozone FC]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
* Manju {{goal|4|o.g.}}
* Allocious {{goal|22}}
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 30 November 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru FC 'B']]
|score= 1–1
|team2= Kickstart FC
|goals1=
* Biswa Dorjee {{goal|83}}
|goals2=
* [[Sairuat Kima]] {{goal|12|o.g.}}
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 30 November 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]
|score= 1–1
|team2= Students Union
|goals1=
* Hardik Bhat {{goal|16}}
|goals2=
* Pravruth {{goal|29}}
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 1 December 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[Ozone FC]]
|score= 2–1
|team2= Bangalore Dream United
|goals1=
* Allocious {{goal|1}}
* Harpreet Rulbir {{goal|90+4}}
|goals2=
* Avhishek Singh {{goal|30}}
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 1 December 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= ASC
|score= 4–2
|team2= Income Tax
|goals1=
* Jerin Francies K {{goal|33}}
* Jotin Singh {{goal|57}}
* Singnam Arunjit Mettei {{goal|78|pen.}}
* Oinam Gautham Singh {{goal|90+1}}
|goals2=
* J Prasad {{goal|9}}
* D Ahamed {{goal|84}}
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 2 December 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= ADE
|score= 0–3
|team2= MEG
|goals1=
|goals2=
* Pawan Kumar {{goal|37|o.g.}}
* Saikh Mujeeb {{goal|50}}
* Subham Rana {{goal|79}}
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 2 December 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru FC 'B']]
|score= 4–0
|team2= [[South United F.C.|South United]]
|goals1=
* [[Ajay Chhetri]] {{goal|22}}
* Biswa Dorjee {{goal|45||84}}
* Lalnunsiama {{goal|70|o.g.}}
|goals2=
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 3 December 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Bangalore Eagles
|score= 2–2
|team2= Kickstart FC
|goals1=
* Prabin Tigga {{goal|35}}
* Vingnesh Srinivas {{goal|51}}
|goals2=
* K Raymond Stephen {{goal|7}}
* Sudheer Kotikela {{goal|80}}
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 3 December 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Students Union
|score= 0–1
|team2= Bangalore Independents
|goals1=
|goals2=
* Anthony Xavier {{goal|3}}
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 5 December 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Income Tax
|score= 0–1
|team2= Bangalore Dream United
|goals1=
|goals2=
* Ajmal Riyaz Puthusseri {{goal|8}}
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 6 December 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Students Union
|score= 1–3
|team2= Bangalore Eagles
|goals1=
* Sujikumar M {{goal|10}}
|goals2=
* Shivakumar {{goal|25}}
* Sarath {{goal|55}}
* [[Cletus Paul]] {{goal|60}}
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 6 December 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru FC 'B']]
|score= 6–1
|team2= MEG
|goals1=
* [[Leon Augustine|Augustine]] {{goal|35||41||67}}
* [[Ajay Chhetri]] {{goal|45+1}}
* [[Suresh Singh Wangjam|Suresh]] {{goal|83}}
* [[Edmund Lalrindika|Lalrindika]] {{goal|89}}
|goals2=
* Shaik Muzeeb {{goal|50}}
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 7 December 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[South United F.C.|South United]]
|score= 1–2
|team2= Bangalore Independents
|goals1=
* Rungsing Muinao {{goal|42|pen.}}
|goals2=
* Subhash R {{goal|57}}
* Maria Nelson R {{goal|90+2}}
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 7 December 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]
|score= 2–2
|team2= Kickstart FC
|goals1=
* Mohammed Asrar {{goal|55}}
* Amey Bhatkal {{goal|58}}
|goals2=
* Emmanuel Echebiri {{goal|64}}
* Edwin Rossario {{goal|90+6}}
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 8 December 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[Ozone FC]]
|score= 2–2
|team2= ASC
|goals1=
* Kapil Bhat {{goal|38}}
* Harpreet Rubair {{goal|90+4}}
|goals2=
* Jerin Francis {{goal|41}}
* Deepak Singh {{goal|79}}
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 9 December 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru FC 'B']]
|score= 8–0
|team2= Bangalore Dream United
|goals1=
* Advait Shinde {{goal|30||39||90}}
* Biswa Darjee {{goal|55}}
* [[Leon Augustine|Augustine]] {{goal|62}}
* Mohammed Rafi {{goal|64}}
* Fredy Chawngthangsanga {{goal|77}}
* Namgyal Bhutia {{goal|90+2}}
|goals2=
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 11 December 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Kickstart FC
|score= 2–1
|team2= Income Tax
|goals1= Emmanuel {{goal|22}} Surya {{goal|26}}
|goals2= Syed Ahmed {{goal|21}}
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191212_10&article=296016052
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 11 December 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Bangalore Eagles
|score= 1–0
|team2= [[Ozone F.C.|Ozone]]
|goals1= Sarath Mohan {{goal|89}}
|goals2=
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191212_10&article=296016052
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 12 December 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[Aeronautical Development Establishment (football club)|ADE]]
|score= 0–2
|team2= [[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]
|goals1=
|goals2= [[Amey Bhatkal|Bhatkal]] {{goal|10}} [[Akshay Kumar Dosapati|Dosapati]] {{goal|12}}
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191213_10&article=1325700218
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 12 December 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= AGORC
|score= 0–3
|team2= MEG
|goals1=
|goals2= Nitin {{goal|1||22}} Lethaolen Khongsai {{goal|90+2}}
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191213_10&article=1325700218
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 13 December 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Army Service Corps
|score= 1–1
|team2= [[South United F.C.|South United]]
|goals1= [[Jotin Singh|J. Singh]] {{goal|13}}
|goals2= Lalnunsiama {{goal|41}}
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191214_10&article=111586197
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 13 December 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Dream United
|score= 1–0
|team2= Students Union
|goals1= Murshid KP {{goal|84}}
|goals2=
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191214_10&article=111586197
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 14 December 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Bangalore Independents
|score= 0–1
|team2= [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru FC 'B']]
|goals1=
|goals2= Mohammed Rafi {{goal|62}}
|report= https://www.bengalurufc.com/2019/bfc-b/rafi-nets-winner-blue-colts-edge-1-0-winners-past-independents
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 16 December 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[South United F.C.|South United]]
|score= 4–0
|team2= [[Aeronautical Development Establishment (football club)|ADE]]
|goals1= Harijan {{goal|33}} Vikram {{goal|34||60}} [[Jaison Vaz|Vaz]] {{goal|90+1}}
|goals2=
|report= https://sportscafe.in/articles/football/2019/dec/16/bdfa-super-division-south-united-fc-run-riot-in-4-0-win-against-ade-fc
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 16 December 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= ASC
|score= 0–2
|team2= Kickstart FC
|goals1=
|goals2= [[Edwin Rossario|Rossario]] {{goal|32}} Johnson A. {{goal|62}}
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191217_10&article=1403872992
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 17 December 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Income Tax
|score= 0–3
|team2= [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru FC 'B']]
|goals1=
|goals2= Lalthangliana {{goal|8}} [[Advait Shinde|Shinde]] {{goal|69}} [[Edmund Lalrindika|Lalrindika]] {{goal|71|pen.}}
|report= https://www.bengalurufc.com/2019/bfc-b/blue-colts-rally-defeat-income-tax-3-1
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 17 December 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Dream United
|score= 0–0
|team2= Bangalore Eagles
|goals1=
|goals2=
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191218_2&article=631325978
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 18 December 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Bengaluru United
|score= 0–0
|team2= MEG
|goals1=
|goals2=
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191219_2&article=871810962
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 18 December 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Bangalore Independents
|score= 2–0
|team2= AGORC
|goals1= [[Satish Kumar Jr]] {{goal|31}} V. Surendra Prasad {{goal|60}}
|goals2=
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191219_2&article=871810962
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 19 December 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[Ozone F.C.|Ozone]]
|score= 2–0
|team2= Students Union
|goals1= Alocious M. {{goal|17}} Shahajas T. {{goal|80}}
|goals2=
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191220_2&article=970768403
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 21 December 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Bangalore Dream United
|score= 0–1
|team2= AGORC
|goals1=
|goals2= Avishek {{goal|43}}
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 21 December 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Bangalore Independents
|score= 0–4
|team2= Bengaluru United
|goals1=
|goals2= Rehbar {{goal|23||68||71}} Brandon Pinto {{goal|43}}
|report=
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 22 December 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Income Tax
|score= 1–0
|team2= Students Union
|goals1= Austin Chukwuka Uluocha {{goal|55}}
|goals2=
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191223_2&article=1290053914
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 22 December 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Kickstart FC
|score= 2–1
|team2= [[Ozone F.C.|Ozone]]
|goals1= Keith Raymond Stephen {{goal|52}} Sudheer Kotikela {{goal|75}}
|goals2= Shahajas T. {{goal|50}}
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191223_2&article=1290053914
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 23 December 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= ASC
|score= 2–1
|team2= Bangalore Eagles
|goals1= [[Jotin Singh|J. Singh]] {{goal|52}} Niraj Singh {{goal|78}}
|goals2= Celtus Dominic {{goal|55}}
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191224_2&article=1929360829
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 23 December 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= AGORC
|score= 0–0
|team2= [[Aeronautical Development Establishment (football club)|ADE]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191224_2&article=1929360829
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 24 December 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= MEG
|score= 0–2
|team2= [[South United F.C.|South United]]
|goals1=
|goals2= Abilash M. Krishna {{goal|37}} Mahesh {{goal|90+2}}
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191225_2&article=46425478
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 24 December 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]
|score= 1–2
|team2= [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru FC 'B']]
|goals1= [[Amey Bhatkal|Bhatkal]] {{goal|38}}
|goals2= [[Roshan Singh (footballer)|R. Singh]] {{goal|14}} [[Edmund Lalrindika|Lalrindika]] {{goal|44}}
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191225_2&article=46425478
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 26 December 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Kickstart FC
|score= 5–0
|team2= Bangalore Dream United
|goals1= Nikhil Raj {{goal|15||26}} [[Uzochi Echebiri|Echebiri]] {{goal|16}} Sudheer Kotikela {{goal|35}} [[Edwin Rossario|Rossario]] {{goal|60}}
|goals2=
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191227_2&article=1460801728
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 27 December 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= AGORC
|score= 0–7
|team2= [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru FC 'B']]
|goals1=
|goals2= [[Leon Augustine|Augustine]] {{goal|5}} Advait Shinde {{goal|25||63}} [[Edmund Lalrindika|Lalrindika]] {{goal|26||31||51}} [[Amay Morajkar|Morajkar]] {{goal|69}}
|report= https://www.bengalurufc.com/2019/bfc-b/bengaluru-fc-rout-agorc-7-0-bdfa-super-division
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 27 December 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Students Union
|score= 0–1
|team2= ASC
|goals1=
|goals2= Niraj Singh {{goal|58}}
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191228_2&article=1162465099
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 28 December 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Income Tax
|score= 0–0
|team2= [[Ozone F.C.|Ozone]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191229_2&article=664878427
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 28 December 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= MEG
|score= 2–1
|team2= Bangalore Independents
|goals1= Abdul Jiyad KA {{goal|27||64}}
|goals2= K. Gopi {{goal|11}}
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191229_2&article=664878427
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 29 December 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[Aeronautical Development Establishment (football club)|ADE]]
|score= 0–0
|team2= Bangalore Eagles
|goals1=
|goals2=
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191230_2&article=435653775
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee= Suresh Devaraj
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 29 December 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]
|score= 4–0
|team2= AGORC
|goals1= Thomya L. Shimray {{goal|3||87}} Arun Kumar D. {{goal|20}} Amey Bhatkal {{goal|28}}
|goals2=
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20191230_2&article=435653775
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 30 December 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru FC 'B']]
|score= 1–0
|team2= [[Aeronautical Development Establishment (football club)|ADE]]
|goals1= Biswa Kr. Darjee {{goal|27}}
|goals2=
|report= https://www.bengalurufc.com/2019/bfc-b/bengaluru-fc-ade-1-0-bdfa-super-division-league/
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 31 December 2019
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[South United F.C.|South United]]
|score= 4–0
|team2= AGORC
|goals1= [[Jaison Vaz|Vaz]] {{goal|4||80}} Avinash {{goal|27|o.g.}} Sathish Kumar MR {{goal|90+1}}
|goals2=
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20200101_2&article=717730327
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=Vinod Dhanraj<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cyriac |first1=Biju Babu |title=NRI referee Dhanraj brings technology to BDFA league |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/nri-referee-dhanraj-brings-technology-to-bdfa-league/articleshow/73055053.cms |accessdate=4 January 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=1 January 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 31 December 2019
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= MEG
|score= 1–1
|team2= [[Ozone F.C.|Ozone]]
|goals1= Shaik Muzeeb {{goal|83}}
|goals2= Dangmei Gaipuilan {{goal|86|pen.}}
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20200101_2&article=717730327
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 1 January 2020
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[Aeronautical Development Establishment (football club)|ADE]]
|score= 5–4
|team2= Bangalore Independents
|goals1=
* P Mani {{goal|17}}
* Saleem A {{goal|18||74|pen.}}
* Muhammed Arfas {{goal|21}}
* Pavankumar {{goal|76}}
|goals2=
* V Surendra Prasad {{goal|8}}
* Lijith S{{goal|45+4}}
* Murali {{goal|62}}
* Sathishkumar {{goal|69}}
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20200102_2&article=770536889
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 1 January 2020
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Kickstart FC
|score= 5–1
|team2= Students Union
|goals1=
* Solaimalai {{goal|2||80}}
* Emmanuel Echebiri {{goal|7||25}}
* Nikhil Raj {{goal|33}}
|goals2=
* Sunday Junior Obem {{goal|55}}
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20200102_2&article=770536889
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 2 January 2020
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Bangalore Dream United
|score= 1–8
|team2= ASC
|goals1=
* Avhishek {{goal|69}}
|goals2=
* Jotin Singh {{goal|22||47||51|pen.|59||78||90+1}}
* Ramachandran MG {{goal|45+1||84}}
|report=http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20200103_2&article=1263920746
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 2 January 2020
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= Income Tax
|score= 0–0
|team2= Bangalore Eagles
|goals1=
|goals2=
|report= http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/?pub=pp3-20200103_2&article=1263920746
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 3 January 2020
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[South United F.C.|South United]]
|score= 1–1
|team2= [[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]
|goals1=
* Hardik Bhat {{goal|51|o.g.}}
|goals2=
* Amey Bhatkal {{goal|59}}
|report=https://sportscafe.in/articles/football/2020/jan/04/2019-20-bdfa-super-division-south-united-held-to-1-1-stalemate-against-bangalore-united/amp
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 4 January 2020
|time= 13:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru FC 'B']]
|score= 3–0
|team2= [[Ozone F.C.|Ozone]]
|goals1=
* [[Suresh Singh Wangjam|Suresh]] {{goal|31}}
* [[Edmund Lalrindika|Lalrindika]] {{goal|39}}
* [[Ajay Chhetri|A. Chhetri]] {{goal|74}}
|goals2=
|report=https://www.bengalurufc.com/2020/bfc-b/blue-colts-champions-bengaluru/
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date= 4 January 2020
|time= 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=
|team1= MEG
|score= 0–4
|team2= Kickstart FC
|goals1=
|goals2=
* Nikhil Raj {{goal|30||77}}
* Sudheer Kotikela {{goal|39||45}}
|report= https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/football/bengaluru-fc-reign-continues-791437.html
|stadium= [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location= [[Bangalore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}

== Statistics ==
=== Hat-tricks ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Player !! For !! Against !! Result !! Date !! Ref
|-
| Nikhil Raj || Kickstart FC || Bangalore Independents || 6–0 || 16 November 2019 || <ref>{{cite news |title=ADE rally well to hold ASC |newspaper=The Times of India |date=17 November 2019 |page=19 |edition=Bangalore}}</ref>
|-
| Sudheer Kotikela || Kickstart FC || South United || 4–0 || 25 November 2019 || <ref>{{cite news |title=Sudheer 'tricks in Kickstart's victory |newspaper=The Times of India |date=26 November 2019 |page=16 |edition=Bangalore}}</ref>
|-
| [[Leon Augustine]] || Bengaluru FC 'B' || MEG || 6–1 || 6 December 2019 || <ref>{{cite news |title=Leon does the 'trick as Blue Colts rout MEG in 6-1 result |url=https://www.bengalurufc.com/2019/bfc-b/leon-trick-blue-colts-rout-meg-6-1-result |accessdate=28 December 2019 |work=BengaluruFC.com |date=6 December 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228031342/https://www.bengalurufc.com/2019/bfc-b/leon-trick-blue-colts-rout-meg-6-1-result/ |archivedate=28 December 2019}}</ref>
|-
| Advait Shinde || Bengaluru FC 'B' || Bangalore Dream United || 8–0 || 9 December 2019 || <ref>{{cite news |title=Blue Colts rout Dream United to go top of BDFA Super Division |url=https://www.bengalurufc.com/2019/bfc-b/blue-colts-rout-dream-united-go-top-bdfa-super-division |accessdate=28 December 2019 |work=BengaluruFC.com |date=10 December 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228034004/https://www.bengalurufc.com/2019/bfc-b/blue-colts-rout-dream-united-go-top-bdfa-super-division/ |archivedate=28 December 2019}}</ref>
|-
| Mohammad Asrar Rehbar || [[FC Bengaluru United]] || Bangalore Independents || 4–0 || 21 December 2019 || <ref>{{cite news |title=Super Rheber does the trick for FC Bengaluru United |work=The Times of India |date=22 December 2019 |page=19}}</ref>
|-
| [[Edmund Lalrindika]] || Bengaluru FC 'B' || AGORC || 7–0 || 27 December 2019 || <ref>{{cite news |title=Report: Bengaluru FC rout AGORC 7-0 in BDFA Super Division |url=https://www.bengalurufc.com/2019/bfc-b/bengaluru-fc-rout-agorc-7-0-bdfa-super-division |accessdate=28 December 2019 |work=BengaluruFC.com |date=27 December 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228034716/https://www.bengalurufc.com/2019/bfc-b/bengaluru-fc-rout-agorc-7-0-bdfa-super-division/ |archivedate=28 December 2019}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{2019–20 in Indian football}}
{{Football in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2019-20 BDFA Super Division}}
[[Category:BDFA Super Division seasons]]
[[Category:2019–20 in Indian football leagues|4]]

T. N. Prakash

2025-07-30T23:57:40Z

Dranvesh: Put up new article!

{{Short description|Indian writer (1955–2024)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = T. N. Prakash
| honorific_suffix =
| image = T.N. Prakash.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1955|10|7}}<ref name="Ref2">[https://www.madhyamam.com/culture/literature/writer-tn-prakash-passes-away-1271463 "കഥയുടെ പുതുവഴി തേടിയ എഴുത്തുകാരൻ ടി.എൻ. പ്രകാശ് ഇനി ഓർമ്മ"]. ''[[Madhyamam]]'' (in Malayalam). Retrieved 25 March 2024.</ref>
| birth_place = Valiyannur, [[Malabar District|Malabar district]], [[Madras State]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2024|03|24|1955|10|7}}
| death_place = Valiyannur, [[Kannur district]], [[Kerala]], India
| pseudonym =
| occupation = {{hlist|Author|Teacher}}
| alma_mater =
| period =
| years_active =
| genres =
| subject =
| movement =
| spouse = V. Geetha
| children = 2
| relatives =
| website =
| signature =
}}

'''T. N. Prakash''' (10 October 1955 – 24 March 2024) was an Indian [[Malayalam|Malayalam-language]] writer from [[Kannur]], [[Kerala]]. He published over 40 works. Besides short stories and novels, he also authored plays, radio dramas, children's literature, autobiographies, and travelogues.<ref name="Ref1">[https://www.mathrubhumi.com/literature/news/writer-t-n-prakash-passes-away-1.9434781 "കഥാകൃത്ത് ടി.എന്‍. പ്രകാശ് അന്തരിച്ചു"]. ''[[Mathrubhumi]]'' (in Malayalam). 25 March 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2024.</ref> His short story collection ''Thaapam'' received the prestigious [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Story]] in 2005. He also received Senior Fellowship from the [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Central Ministry of Culture]] and was a member of the [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] and the Advisory Committee of the [[Sahitya Akademi]].<ref name="Ref1"/>

Prakash was a mathematics teacher and worked at the Pallikkunnu Government Higher Secondary School until 2006, from which he worked as the Assistant Education Officer ([[Kannur]] South) and retired as the District Education Officer ([[Tellicherry]]) in 2011.<ref name="Ref2"/> He died at his residence in Valiyannur in [[Kannur district]], on 24 March 2024, at the age of 68. He was undergoing medical treatment after suffering a stroke in 2015.<ref>[https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/t-n-prakash-veteran-writer-1.9434808 "Writer TN Prakash passes away"]. ''Mathrubhumi'' (in English). 25 March 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2024.</ref>

==Literary works==

; Stories
* ''Valapattanam Paalam''
* ''Dasavataram''
* ''Indiayude Bhupadam''
* ''Sneha Drisyangal''
* ''Ee Kadal Theera Nilavil''
* ''Thiranjedutha Kathakal''
* ''Thaapam''
* ''Lokavasanam''
* ''Tajmahal''
* ''Vaazhayila''
* ''Rajghattil Ninnoral''

; Novelettes
* ''Soundarya Lahari''
* ''Nattal Mulaykkunna Nunakal''
* ''Kilippechu Kekkava''
* ''Chandana''
* ''Thiranjedutha Pathinonnu Novalettukal''

; Memoirs
* ''Art of Living''
* ''Nakshatravilakkukal''

; Children's literature
* ''Vanka''
* ''Veenju''
* ''Easterinte Thale Ratri''

; Novels
* ''Samanila''
* ''Thanal''
* ''Thottal Pollunna Satyangal''
* ''Kaikeyi''
* ''Vidhavakalude Veedu''

; Biography
* ''Dr T P Sukumaran: Perinte Porul''

==Awards==
* [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Story]] (2005)<ref>{{cite web |title=Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Story |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/ksa/Awards/Stories.htm |publisher=[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] |access-date=25 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109150057/https://keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/ksa/Awards/Stories.htm |archive-date=9 November 2013 |language=ml}}</ref>
* Joseph Mundassery Award<ref name="Ref1"/>
* [[Abu Dhabi Sakthi Award]]<ref name="Ref1"/>
* Mayilpeeli Award (2009)<ref>[https://krishnajewelsindia.com/csr/mayilpeeli-puraskaram "Mayilpeeli Puraskaram"]. Krishna Jewels. Retrieved 25 March 2024.</ref>
* V. T. Bhattathiripad Award<ref name="Ref1"/>

== References ==
<references />

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prakash, T. N.}}
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:2024 deaths]]
[[Category:Writers from Kerala]]
[[Category:People from Kannur district]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]]

Travancore Royals FC

2025-05-05T22:22:38Z

Dranvesh: Redirect article

#REDIRECT [[Kerala Premier League]]

{{Rcat shell|
{{R to related topic}}
}}

Hum Tum Aur Quarantine

2025-05-05T09:51:44Z

Dranvesh: new initial pg basic info - done

{{short description|Indian comedy show}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| genre = [[Comedy show]]
| creator =
| based_on =
| developer =
| writer = [[Haarsh Limbachiyaa]]
| director =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Bharti Singh]]|[[Haarsh Limbachiyaa]]}}
| theme_music_composer =
| open_theme =
| end_theme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 15
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = [[Haarsh Limbachiyaa]]
| editor =
| camera =
| runtime = 8-15 minutes
| company =
| budget =
| network = [[Colors TV]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2020|4|13}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2020|5|1}}
}}

'''''Hum Tum Aur Quarantine''''' ({{Translation|''We, You and Quarantine''}}) is an Indian comedy series that aired on [[Colors TV]], starring [[Bharti Singh]] and [[Haarsh Limbachiyaa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/hum-tum-aur-quarantine-bharti-singh-and-haarsh-s-new-show-is-all-about-comic-relief-in-lockdown-1665148-2020-04-09|title=Hum, Tum Aur Quarantine: Bharti Singh and Haarsh's new show is all about comic relief in coronavirus lockdown|date=9 April 2020|website=India Today|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-04-15|last3=Ist|first3=2020 18:02}}</ref> Hum Tum Aur Quarantine started on 13 April 2020 on [[Colors TV]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-04-11|title=Bharti Singh and Haarsh Limbachiyaa to spread smiles during lockdown with Hum, Tum Aur Quarantine|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bharti-singh-and-haarsh-limbachiyaa-new-show-hum-tum-aur-quarantine-lockdown-time-6356149/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-07-12|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Gurjar|first=Gagan Kumar|date=2020-04-09|title=नहीं रहे रामायण के 'सुग्रीव' श्याम सुंदर कालानी, इंडस्ट्री को लॉकडाउन के चलते 10 दिन बाद मिली खबर|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/entertainment/tv/news/ramayanas-sugriva-aka-actor-shyam-sundar-kalani-passed-away-127137795.html|access-date=2020-07-12|website=Dainik Bhaskar|language=hi}}</ref>

==Concept==
[[Bharti Singh]] told Mumbai Mirror online, "With everyone sitting at home during the lockdown and finding new ways of entertaining themselves, we thought it was the best time to put our talent to use. The series has short gags that will focus on fun activities during our lockdown. It is entirely shot by Haarsh and myself from home. We also want to tell everyone to stay indoors, stay safe and enjoy our new series."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/bharti-singh-and-haarsh-limbachiyaas-homemade-series-based-on-lockdown/articleshow/75092944.cms|title=Bharti Singh and Haarsh Limbachiyaa's 'homemade' series based on lockdown|date=|website=Mumbai Mirror|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-04-15|last3=2020}}</ref>

== Cast ==
*[[Bharti Singh]]
*[[Haarsh Limbachiyaa]]

===Special appearances===
*[[Sidharth Shukla]]
*[[Aditya Narayan]]
*[[Karan Patel]]
*[[Karishma Tanna]]
*[[Balraj Syal]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Colors Programmes}}

[[Category:2020 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Colors TV original programming]]
[[Category:Indian comedy television series]]
[[Category:2020 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Television shows about the COVID-19 pandemic]]

Madhur

2025-05-01T10:35:32Z

Dranvesh:

{{About|the town in India|the archaeological site in Iraq|Tell Madhur}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Madhur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Madhur.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Madhur Temple, Kasaragod
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|12.5|N|75.0|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kasaragod district|Kasaragod]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluks of Kerala|Taluk]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Kasaragod taluk|Kasaragod]]
| subdivision_type4 = Nearest Airport(s)
| subdivision_name4 = [[Mangaluru Airport]], [[Kannur International Airport]], [[Calicut International Airport]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 19
| population_urban =
| population_metro =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam]], English
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 671121
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91–4994
| registration_plate = KL-14
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Madhur''' is a temple town located in the [[Kasaragod district|Kasaragod]] district of [[Kerala]], [[India]].

==Location==
Madhur town is located to the East of [[Kasaragod]] at a distance of 8 kilometers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tripadvisor.in/Attraction_Review-g1809068-d3750410-Reviews-Madhur_Temple-Kasaragod_Kerala.html|title = Madhur Temple, Kasaragod}}</ref>

==Madhur Temple==
[[Madhur Temple]] is one of the biggest temples of Kasaragod district. Its peculiar spherical shape and the riverside location gives it a unique charm. A large number of visitors come to see the temple from Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.madhurtemplerenovation.com/ |title=Home |website=madhurtemplerenovation.com}}</ref>

==Image gallery==
<gallery>
File:Sunni Mosque on Madhur Road.jpg|Sunni mosque in Madhur
File:Kizr Masjidh near Jaimatha School Uliyathadka Kasaragod.jpg|Kilr Masjidh
File:Madhur Temple Road.jpg|Farmer's God
File:Paddy-field-madhur-south-thulunad.jpg|Madhur village
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Suburbs of Kasaragod]]
[[Category:Panchayats in Kasaragod district]]

Malayappa Swami

2025-03-03T17:00:55Z

Dranvesh:

{{Short description|Tirumala Venkateswara Temple deity in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
'''Malayappa Swami''' is the ''utsava murti'' (procession deity) in the [[Tirumala Venkateswara Temple]], [[Tirumala]] and is worshipped during religious ceremonies and processions in which it would be inappropriate to use the main deity (for example one which requires the deity to be carried or moved).

The Malayappa deity is classed as a [[Swayambhu]] and was discovered in 1339 AD.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.omnamovenkatesaya.com/Saptagiri_Jan2006_Eng/SUPREME_SAVIOUR.htm |title=Supreme Saviour of Seven Hills |publisher=Omnamovenkatesaya.com |date=2006-01-01 |accessdate=2007-04-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070414204133/http://www.omnamovenkatesaya.com/Saptagiri_Jan2006_Eng/SUPREME_SAVIOUR.htm |archivedate=2007-04-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Description==
''Malayappa Swami'' is seen in the standing pose and is a replica of the [[Venkateshwara|Dhruva Beram]] (The presiding deity). The two upper arms hold the [[Shankha]] and the [[Sudarshana Chakra]], while the two lower arms are in yoga poses. The right arm is in the ''Varada hasta'' pose (boon giving) and the lower left arm is in the ''Katyavalambita'' pose (palm perpendicular to the ground and resting on the hip). The idol stands about three feet tall on a platform of about 14 inches height.<ref name = 'Tirumalatemple'>{{cite book |first=N | last=Ramesan|title=The Tirumala Temple |year=1981 |publisher=[[Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams]]|location=[[Tirumala]]}}</ref>

==Sridevi idol==
The idol of [[Lakshmi|Sridevi]] is always placed on the Left-hand side of Sri Malayappa Swami. The idol is 26 inches in height and stands on a 4-inch pedestal. The [[Panchaloga|panchaloha]] idol is seen with the left hand in the ''Kataka hasta'' pose. In this pose, the fingers are partially closed, as if holding a lotus. The right hand hangs loosely on the side and the fingers are held in the ''Gajakarna'' pose.<ref name='Tirumalatemple'/>

==Bhudevi idol==
The idol of [[Bhūmi|Bhudevi]] is always seen on the Right-hand side of the Malayappa Swami idol. The idol is very similar to the idol of [[Lakshmi|Sridevi]] to signify that Sridevi and Bhudevi represent the two equal spirits of Goddess [[Lakshmi]], the consort of [[Vishnu]].<ref name='Tirumalatemple'/> The only difference in the idols is the swap in the hand poses. The idol of [[Bhudevi]] has her right hand in ''Kataka hasta'' pose and the left in ''Gajakarna'' pose. Bhudevi is regarded as the consort of [[Varaha]], Vishnu's third incarnation.

==Worship==

===Order===
The order that represents the Lord - ''Venkateshwara'' (Main Deity - Dhruva Bēram), ''[[Bhoga Srinivasa]]'' (Kautaka Bēram), ''Malayappa Swami'' with consorts (Utsava Bēram), ''Ugra Srinivasa'' (Snāpana Bēram) with consorts and ''[[Koluvu Srinivasa]]'' (Bali Bēram). Thus the idol of Bhoga Srinivasa should be consecrated directly from the main deity and the Malayappa Swami idol. The order continues downwards to the Ugra Srinivasa idol and finally, the Koluvu Srinivasa idol.

===Weekly sevas===
''Visesha Puja'' is performed on Mondays when the 'Chaturdasa kalasa visesha puja' (14 kalasas special puja) is performed to the Lord through the utsava murti. During the ''Sahasra Kalabhishekam'' puja, abhishekam is performed to Bhoga Srinivasa, Malayappa swami and Visvaksena.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://tirumala.org/sevas_weekly.htm | title=Periodical Sevas Description at Tirumala Temple | publisher=[[Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams|TTD]] | accessdate=2007-04-22 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120724070332/http://tirumala.org/sevas_weekly.htm | archive-date=24 July 2012 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Annual services and festivals===

During the Teppōtsavam festival, the idol of Malayappa Swami along with his consorts are worshipped in the ''Swami Pushkarini'' (The Holy Lake adjoining the temple) when the Lord is taken to a float constructed in the lake and worshipped during ''Phalguna Pournami''. [[Abhideyaka Abhishekam]] is performed every year in the month of ''Jyesta'' (July) to protect the idols from damage during processions and other events. The festival lasts for three days with the deities adorned ''Vajrakavacham'' (armour studded with diamonds), ''Mutyalakavacham'' (armour studded with pearls) and ''svarnakavacham'' (armour of gold) for these days. During [[Padmavathi Parainayam]] celebrated in May, the wedding of Lord Srinivasa and the Goddess Padmavathi is celebrated in the Narayanagiri gardens for three days. During the three days, Malayappa swami arrives on ''Gaja'' (Elephant), ''Asva'' (Horse) and ''Garuda'' (Eagle) vehicles while Sridevi and Bhudevi arrive in separate palanquins. After the Kalyānōtsavam (The commemoration of the weddings of Malayappa Swami), and cultural performances, the idols are taken back to the temple. [[Pushpa Pallaki]] festival is celebrated in July at the start of financial year for the lord with the idols taken in procession on a richly decorated floral palanquin.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://tirumala.org/sevas_perdes.htm | title=Periodical Sevas Description at Tirumala Temple | publisher=[[Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams|TTD]] | accessdate=2007-04-22 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120715055935/http://tirumala.org/sevas_perdes.htm | archive-date=15 July 2012 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
{{main|Brahmotsavam}}
The idol are taken in procession on various vehicles during the annual Tirumala Brahmotsavam celebrations.

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Malayappa Swami}}
[[Category:Tirumala Venkateswara Temple]]
[[Category:Tirumala Idols]]

Shia Jama Mosque, Delhi

2025-02-22T12:51:49Z

Dranvesh: fix details per sources and updated info

{{Short description|Mosque in Delhi, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox religious building
| building_name = Shia Jama Masjid
| native_name = {{ubl|{{langx|hi|शिया जामा मस्जिद}}|{{langx|pa|ਸ਼ਿਆ ਜਾਮਾ ਮਸਜਿਦ}}|{{langx|ur|{{nastaliq|شیعہ جامع مسجد}}}}}}
| image =
| image_upright = 1.4
| caption =
| location = [[Central Delhi]], [[Delhi NCT]]
| geo = {{coord|28|39|3|N|77|13|59|E|format=dms|type:landmark_region:IN-DL|display=it}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Shia Islam]]
| country = [[India]]
| map_type = India Delhi central
| map_size = 250
| map_alt =
| map_relief = 1
| map_caption = Location of the mosque in [[Central Delhi]]
| consecration_year=
| status = [[Mosque]]
| functional_status = Active
| leadership = {{nowrap|Syed Mohsin Ali Taqvi}} {{small|([[Hujjat al-Islam|Hujjatul-Islam]] [[Imam]])}}
| website=
| architect=
| architecture_type = {{nowrap|[[Mosque architecture]]}}
| architecture_style = [[Indo-Islamic architecture|Indo-Islamic]]
| facade_direction=
| year_completed =
| construction_cost=
| capacity=
| length=
| width=
| width_nave=
| height_max=
| dome_quantity = Three
| dome_height_outer=
| dome_height_inner=
| dome_dia_outer=
| dome_dia_inner=
| minaret_quantity = Two
| minaret_height=
| spire_quantity=
| spire_height=
| materials=
}}

The '''Shia Jama Masjid''' ({{langx|hi|शिया जामा मस्जिद}}; {{langx|pa|ਸ਼ਿਆ ਜਾਮਾ ਮਸਜਿਦ}}; {{langx|ur|{{nastaliq|شیعہ جامع مسجد}}}}) is a [[Shia Islam|Shia]] [[Islam]] [[mosque]] located at [[Kashmiri Gate (Delhi)|Kashmiri Gate]], [[Delhi]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/delhi-muslims-observe-muharram-with-mourning-and-fasting_100139919.html | title=Delhi Muslims observe Muharram with mourning and fasting | date=8 January 2009 | publisher=Thaindian News | author=IANS | access-date=10 December 2018 }}</ref>

[[Hujjat al-Islam|Hujjatul-Islam]] Syed Mohsin Ali Taqvi is the [[imam]] of the congregation.<ref>[http://muslimmajliseshooraindia.org/actionplans.htm DECISIVE ACTION PLAN] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090819103655/http://www.muslimmajliseshooraindia.org/actionplans.htm |date=2009-08-19 }}, This is directly related to Muslim society.</ref><ref>[http://www.jafariyanews.com/2k5_news/nov/1muslimscholars_delhiblasts.htm India Shia Sunni scholars slam Delhi blasts, say Islam abhors terror], by Aamir Raza Husain</ref>

== See also ==
{{stack|{{portal|India|Shia Islam}}}}
* [[Shia Islam in India]]
* [[List of mosques in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |url=http://www.shiaazadari.com/2009_12_01_archive.html |title=Azadari in Delhi 10th Muhramme 1431: a Shia event that Delhi will never forget |format=streaming video |date=30 December 2009 |work= |access-date= }}

{{Mosques in India}}

[[Category:Grand mosques|Shia Delhi]]
[[Category:Mosque buildings with domes in India]]
[[Category:Mosque buildings with minarets in India]]
[[Category:Mosques in Delhi]]
[[Category:Shia mosques in India]]

{{India-mosque-stub}}

Namgey Tsering

2025-01-29T16:43:52Z

Dranvesh: starting entry

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|Member]] of [[11th Arunachal Pradesh Assembly|Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 1 June 2024
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Tawang Assembly constituency|Tawang]]
| predecessor = [[Tsering Tashi]]
| party = [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]]
}}

'''Namgey Tsering''' is an Indian politician from [[Arunachal Pradesh ]] belonging to the [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]]. He is a member of the Legislative Assembly in the [[11th Arunachal Pradesh Assembly|11th Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]. He won over [[BJP]]'s candidate Tsering Dorjee.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-02 |title=Tawang, Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024 Live Updates: NPEP's Namgey Tsering with 4667 defeats BJP's Tsering Dorjee |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/tawang-arunachal-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-2546642-2024-06-02 |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-02 |title=Tawang Assembly Election Result 2024: NPP's Namgey Tsering wins |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/itanagar/tawang-assembly-election-results-2024-tawang-arunachal-pradesh-elections-poll-result-winner/articleshow/110635940.cms |access-date=2024-06-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tsering, Namgey}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Arunachal Pradesh MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:National People's Party (India) politicians]]
[[Category:People from Tawang Town]]
{{ArunachalPradesh-politician-stub}}

Junnar taluka

2025-01-07T23:04:01Z

Dranvesh: added information per standard format

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Junnar taluka
| native_name = Junnar
| settlement_type = [[Tehsil]]
| image_map = Junnar tehsil in Pune district.png
| map_caption = Location of Junnar in [[Pune district]] in [[Maharashtra]]
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Pune district]]
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Junnar]]
| parts_type = [[Administrative divisions of India|Major villages]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = See text
| leader_title = [[Tehsildar]]
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituency]]
| leader_name1 = Shirur
| area_total_km2 =
| population_total = 399302
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_urban = 6.34%
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy rate]]
| blank_name_sec1 = Rain
| blank_info_sec1 = Average of 200 mm to 550 mm
| website = [http://www.junnartourism.com/ Junnar Tourism]
| footnotes =
| leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Assembly constituency]]
| leader_name2 = Junnar
| leader_title3 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| leader_name3 = [http://www.junnartourism.com ATUL VALLABH BENKE]
| demographics1_info1 = 67%
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 1000:840
| image_skyline = N-MH-M75 Habsi Gumbaz 4.jpg
| image_caption = Habshi Gumbaz
}}
'''Junnar taluka''' is a [[taluka]] of the [[Pune district]] in the Indian state of [[Maharashtra]]. It is northernmost taluka of the District. The area is well known for two of the [[ Ashtavinayak]] temples at [[Lenyadri]] and [[Vigneshwara Temple, Ozar|Ozar]] respectively. The taluka is also the home of [[Shivneri Fort]], [[Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope|GMRT]] ([[Khodad]]), and Vikram Sarabhai Earth Station at Arvi. There is also a tomb (Samadhi) at Ale of the buffalo that recited Vedas when requested by the 12th century Sant [[Dnyaneshwar]]. The five main dams are named Yedgaon, Pimapalgaon Joga, ManikDoha, Chilhewadi and Wadaj.<ref>[http://pune.gov.in/maps/tahsilmaps.html Talukas in Pune district] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100310230609/http://pune.gov.in/maps/tahsilmaps.html |date=2010-03-10 }}</ref> An ancient place called Naneghat is there. It is known for historical evidence that was written in Bramhi Lipi, on the walls of the caves. Darya Ghat is 21  km from Junnar Which is famous for waterfalls. Kukdeshwar an ancient temple of lord Shiva is in Junnar.

== Demographics ==
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Junnar taluk (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Maharashtra |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11382/download/14495/DDW27C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Maharashtra|Hinduism]]|darkorange|91.16}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Maharashtra|Islam]]|green|6.19}}
{{bar percent|[[Marathi Buddhists|Buddhism]]|mediumblue|1.81}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism in Maharashtra|Jainism]]|pink|0.55}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.29}}
}}

Junnar taluka has a population of 399,302 according to the 2011 census. Junnar had a literacy rate of 83.80% and a sex ratio of 973 females per 1000 males. 42,941 (10.75%) are under 7 years of age. 25,315 (6.34%) lived in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 4.49% and 20.27% of the population respectively.<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book – Pune |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/820/download/2927/DH_2011_2725_PART_A_DCHB_PUNE.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|thumb = left
|caption = Languages of Junnar taluk (2011)<ref name="langs" />
|label1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value1 = 90.18 |color1 = red
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 4.22 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Urdu]] |value3 = 2.49 |color3 = green
|label4 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] |value4 = 0.96 |color4 = steelblue
|label5 = Others |value5 = 2.15 |color5 = grey
}}

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 90.18% of the population in the district spoke [[Marathi language|Marathi]], 4.22% [[Hindi]], 2.49% [[Urdu]] and 0.96% [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as their first language.<ref name="langs">{{cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Maharashtra |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10212/download/13324/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2700.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

== Villages ==
{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|
* Agar
* Ahinavewadi
* Ajanawale
* [[Ale, Maharashtra|Ale]]
* Aldare
* Alme
* Ambe
* Ambegavan
* Amboli
* Ane
* Aptale
* Arvi
* Aurangpur
* Ballalwadi
* Bangarwadi
* Barav
* Basti
* Belhe
* Belsar
* Bhivade Bk.
* Bhivade Kh
* Bhorwadi
* Bori Kh
* Bori Bk
* Botarde
* Buchakewadi
* Chawand
* Chilhewadi
* [[Chincholi, Junnar|Chincholi Kashid]]
* Datkhilwadi
* Devale
* Dhalewadi Tarf Haveli
* Dhalewadi Traf Minher
* [[Dhamankhel]]
* Dhangarwadi
* Dholwad
* Dingore
* Dumbarwadi
* Ghangaldare
* Ghatgnar
* Godre
* Golegaon
* Gulanchwadi
* Gunjalwadi
* Gunjalwadi Belhe
* Hadsar
* Hatvij
* Hhinde
* Hivare Bk
* Hivare Khurd
* Hivare Tarfe Minher
* Hivare Tarfe Narayangaon
* Inglun
* Jadhavwadi
* Jalwandi
* Kaldare
* Kale
* KaranJale
* [[Kalwadi]]
* Kandli
* Katede
* Kewadi
* Khamagaon
* Khamundi
* Khanapur
* Khangaon
* Khatkale
* Khilarwadi
* Khodad
* khubi
* Kolwadi
* Kopare
* Kumshet
* Kuran
* Kusur
* Madh
* Mandarne
* Mandave
* Mangrul
* Manikdoh
* Manjarwadi
* Nalawane
* Narayangaon
* Netwad
* Nimagaon T Mahalunge
* Nimdari
* Nimgaon sava
* Nimgire
* Nirgude
* Otur
* Ozar No.1
* Ozar No.2
* Padali
* Pangari Traf Madh
* Pargaon Tarf Ale
* Pargaon Traf Madh
* Parunde
* Pemdara
* Pimpalgaon Traf Narayangaon
* Pimpalgaon Joga
* Pimpalwandi
* Pimplgaon Shiddhanath
* Pimpri Kawala
* Pimpri Pendhar
* Pur
* Rajur
* Rajuri
* Ralegan
* Ranmala
* Rohkadi
* Sakori Tarf Belhe
* Sanganore
* Santwadi
* Sawargaon
* Shinde
* Shindewadi
* Shiroli Kh
* Shiroli Bk
* Shiroli Tarf Ale
* Sitewadi
* Somatwadi
* Sonawale
* Sukalwedhe
* Sultanpur
* Surale
* Taleran
* Tambe
* Tambewadi
* Tejewadi
* Tejur
* Tikekarwadi
* Uchhil
* Udapur
* Umbraj No 1
* Umbraj No 2
* Unchkhadak
* Undekhadak
* Vadaj
* Vadgaon Kandali
* Vadgaon Sahani
* Vithalawadi
* Wadgaon Anand
* Wanewadi
* Warulwadi
* Yadgaon
* Yenere
}}

==See also==
* [[Talukas in Pune district]]
* [http://www.junnartourism.com/ Junnar Tourism Official Website] [http://nisargramyajunnar.in Nisargramya Junnar Website]
* [[Rupali Repale]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Talukas in Pune district}}

{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Talukas in Pune district]]
[[Category:Talukas in Maharashtra]]

Ashwini Angadi

2024-12-07T21:49:56Z

Dranvesh: adding the info needs work!

{{Short description|Indian activist}}
{{use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ashwini Angadi
| known_for =
| awards = [[Queen's Young Leader Award]]
| honours = [[Limca Book of Records]]
}}

'''Ashwini Angadi''' is a global ambassador and advocate of disability rights. She is known for making education accessible to the underprivileged and disabled in India.<ref name="Edx why ashwini 1">{{cite news |last1=Patil |first1=Rashmi |title=Why Ashwini Angadi's Belaku is the school that every blind child wants to be at |url=https://www.edexlive.com/beinspired/2018/aug/16/why-ashwini-angadis-belaku-is-the-school-that-every-blind-child-wants-to-be-at-3676.html |accessdate=10 November 2020 |work=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name="A persuasive sfindia">{{cite web |title=A Persuasive Interaction with Ashwini Angadi |url=https://sfdindia.org/persuasive-interaction-ashwini-angadi |website=sfdindia.org |date=4 January 2019 |publisher=Students for Development |accessdate=10 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="queens young leader official ashwini page">{{cite web |title=Ashwini Angadi {{!}} Queen's Young Leaders |url=https://www.queensyoungleaders.com/awardee/ashwini-angadi/#:~:text=Ashwini%20was%20given%20a%20Queen's,those%20who%20are%20visually%20impaired |website=The Queen's Young Leaders |accessdate=10 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Mangaluru 50 kmm" />

==Early life and education==
Angadi was born to a marginalized family in [[Chellagurki]], Bellary. She was born visually impaired, and relatives warned her parents that the child would be a burden and should rather be killed. Her parents persisted on raising her nonetheless.<ref name="Young voice makes The Hindu">{{cite news |title=Young voice makes journey to New York |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/young-voice-makes-journey-to-new-york/article4918344.ece |accessdate=10 November 2020 |work=The Hindu |publisher=THG Publishing Pvt Ltd. |date=17 July 2013 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
Angadi attended the Shree Ramana Maharishi Academy for The Blind. After passing 10nth grade, she enrolled at [[NMRKV College for Women]] to obtain her [[pre-university course]]. She struggled to keep up with students who had normal sight as the college does not provide [[Braille book]]s. She also travelled 50 km away alone.<ref name="Edx why ashwini 1" /><ref name="Mangaluru 50 kmm">{{cite news |title=Mangaluru: Ashwini Angadi interacts with youngsters at Yuva Brigade programme |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=303895 |accessdate=10 November 2020 |work=www.daijiworld.com |publisher=Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd. |date=14 March 2015}}</ref>

Angadi graduated with a B.A. from [[Maharani's Arts and Commerce College for Women, Mysore|Maharani's College of Arts and Commerce]].<ref name="Mangaluru 50 kmm" />

==Career and advocacy==
After graduating, Angadi began joining NGOs. She became a spokesperson for disability rights. She joined international forums to raise awareness on disability discrimination.<ref name="Edx why ashwini 1" />

In 2014, Angadi established the Ashwini Angadi Trust to empower the disabled.<ref name="dream project opening">{{cite news |title=Ashwini Angadi's Dream Project 'Belaku Academy' School for The Blind Inaugurated on 6th June in Bangalore |url=https://www.kannadigaworld.com/news/karnataka/87349.html |accessdate=10 November 2020 |work=Kannadiga World}}</ref><ref name="ashwini trust">{{cite web |title=Ashwini Angadi Trust |url=http://ashwiniangaditrust.org/home |website=ashwiniangaditrust.org |accessdate=10 November 2020}}</ref> On 6 June 2014, Angadi opened its flagship, Belaku Academy, to provide free education to the disabled and underprivileged. The residential school teaches science, computer and sports to children with special needs. They also teach practical life skills such as making their beds and toilet training. Cultural activities and visits to parks, temples and cinemas were also frequently held. Through Belaku Academy, Angadi aims to help the disabled make a living and become independent.<ref name="a dream come true the hindu">{{cite news |title=A dream come true |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/a-dream-come-true/article6075664.ece |accessdate=10 November 2020 |work=The Hindu |publisher=THG Publishing Pvt Ltd. |date=2 June 2014 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="blind but not without vision">{{cite web |title=Blind, But Certainly Not Without A Vision |url=https://milaap.org/fundraisers/support-ashwini-angadi-trust |website=milaap.org |language=en}}</ref>

Angadi's team visits village councils to gather information on visually impaired children. They prepare a survey report and approaches the family of the children to discuss what they can offer.<ref name="blind but not without vision" />

==Awards and recognitions==
On 12 July 2013, Angadi was granted the United Nations Special Envoy for Global Education's Youth Courage Award.<ref name="deccan herald UN award">{{cite news |title=Bangalore woman receives UN youth award on Malala day |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/344710/bangalore-woman-receives-un-youth.html |accessdate=10 November 2020 |work=Deccan Herald |date=14 July 2013 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Edx why ashwini 1" /> In 2016, she was selected to be included at [[Limca Book of Records]].<ref name="Edx why ashwini 1" /> Angadi is also a recipient of Queen's Young Leader Award.<ref name="queens young leader official ashwini page" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Angadi, Ashwini}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian disability rights activists]]
[[Category:People from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Queen's Young Leader Award]]

Balipratipada

2024-12-03T08:16:01Z

Dranvesh: cleaned up details based on references

{{Short description|Hindu festival commemorating the victory of Vishnu over Mahabali}}
{{Italics title}}
{{Infobox holiday
| holiday_name = Bali-pratipada, Bali padyami
| type = Hindu
| image = 033-vamana.jpg
| caption = Vamana (blue faced dwarf) in the court of King Bali (Raja Bali, right seated) seeking alms
| date = Kartika 1 ([[Hindu_calendar#amanta|amanta]] tradition) Kartika 16 ([[Hindu_calendar#purnimanta|purnimanta]] tradition)
| date2020 = Monday, 16 November<ref>[https://www.bseindia.com/static/markets/marketinfo/listholi.aspx BSE India], India Financial Market Holidays (2020)</ref>
| observances = Festival of lights as celebration of return of Mahabali to earth for a day
| relatedto = [[Diwali]]
| frequency = Annual
| duration = 1 day (4th day of Diwali)
| observedby = Hindus
| nickname = Bali Padwa ([[Maharashtra]]), Bali Padyami ([[Andhra Pradesh]]), ([[Karnataka]]), Barlaj ([[Himachal Pradesh]]), Raja Bali ([[Jammu]]), Gujarati New Year (Bestu Varas), Marwari New Year
| date2024 = 2 November
}}
{{Hindu festival date info}}'''Balipratipada''' (''{{IAST|Bali-pratipadā}}''), also called as '''''Bali-Padyami''''', '''''Padva''''', '''''Virapratipada''''' or '''''Dyutapratipada''''', is the fourth day of [[Diwali]], the [[Hinduism|Hindu]] festival of lights.<ref name="BhagavanZelliot2008">{{cite book|author1=Manu Belur Bhagavan|author2=Eleanor Zelliot|author3=Anne Feldhaus|title='Speaking Truth to Power': Religion, Caste, and the Subaltern Question in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j3zXAAAAMAAJ|year=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-569305-8|pages=94–103}}</ref><ref name=kanev5>{{cite book|author=PV Kane|title=History of Dharmasastra, Volume 5 Part 1| url=https://archive.org/details/KhistoryOfDharmasastraancientAndMediaevalReligiousAndCivilLaw | publisher= Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute| year= 1958 |pages= [https://archive.org/details/KhistoryOfDharmasastraancientAndMediaevalReligiousAndCivilLaw/page/n214 201]–206}}</ref> It is celebrated in honour of the notional return of the [[daitya]]-king [[Mahabali|Bali]] (Mahabali) to earth. Balipratipada falls in the [[Gregorian calendar]] months of October or November. It is the first (or 16th) day of the [[Hindu Calendar|Hindu month]] of [[Kartika (month)|Kartika]] and is the first day of its [[Paksha#Shukla_Paksha|bright lunar fortnight]].<ref name=Rama>{{cite book|last= Ramakrishna|first= H. A.|author2=H. L. Nage Gowda|title= Essentials of Karnataka folklore: a compendium|work=Balipadyami|page=258|access-date=2009-10-07|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GfqAAAAAMAAJ&q=Balipadyami|publisher= Karnataka Janapada Parishat|year= 1998}}</ref><ref name =Devi>{{Cite book|last=Devi|first= Konduri Sarojini|title= Religion in Vijayanagara Empire|work=Balipadyami|page=277|access-date=2009-10-09|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7qnXAAAAMAAJ&q=Bali+Padyami|publisher= Sterling Publishers|year=1990|isbn= 9788120711679}}</ref><ref name=Hebbar>{{Cite book|last=Hebbar|first= B. N.|title= The Śrī-Kṛṣṇa Temple at Uḍupi: the historical and spiritual center of the ...|work=Balipadyami|page=237|access-date=2009-10-09|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-pLXAAAAMAAJ&q=Balipadyami|publisher= Bharatiya Granth Niketan|year=2005|isbn=978-81-89211-04-2}}</ref> In many parts of India such as Gujarat and Rajasthan, it is the regional [[Indian New Year's days|traditional New Year Day]] in [[Vikram Samvat]] and also called the '''Bestu Varas''' or ''Varsha Pratipada''.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Bestu-Varas-For-Gujratis-celebrations-continue-the-day-after-Diwali-too/articleshow/10494628.cms Bestu Varas: For Gujratis celebrations continue the day after Diwali too], The Times of India (October 25, 2011)</ref><ref name="Gnanambal1969p5"/> This is the half amongst the three and a half Muhūrtas in a year.

Balipratipada is an ancient festival. The earliest mention of Bali's story being acted out in dramas and poetry of [[ancient India]] is found in the c. 2nd-century BCE ''[[Mahābhāṣya]]'' of Patanjali on [[Pāṇini|Panini]]'s ''Astadhyayi'' 3.1.26.<ref name=kanev5/> The festival has links to the Vedic era sura-asura [[Samudra Manthan|Samudra Manthana]] that revealed goddess Lakshmi and where Bali was the king of the ''[[asura]]s''.<ref name="Pintchman2005p63">{{cite book|author=Tracy Pintchman|title=Guests at God's Wedding: Celebrating Kartik among the Women of Benares |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3KcEotmV2MAC&pg=PA62 |year=2005|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-7914-6595-0|pages=63–64}}</ref> The festivities find mention in the ''[[Mahabharata]]'',<ref name=kanev5/> the ''[[Ramayana]]'',<ref name =Narayan/> and several major [[Puranas]], such as the ''[[Brahma Purana]]'', ''[[Kurma Purana]]'', ''[[Matsya Purana]]'' and others.<ref name=kanev5/>

Balipratipada commemorates the annual return of Bali to earth and the victory of [[Vamana]], the dwarf avatar of the god [[Vishnu]]. It marks the victory of Vishnu over Bali and all asuras, through his metamorphosis into Vamana-Trivikrama.<ref name="BhagavanZelliot2008" /> At the time of his defeat, Bali was already a Vishnu-devotee and a benevolent ruler over a peaceful, prosperous kingdom.<ref name="kanev5" /> Vishnu's victory over Bali using "three steps" ended the war.<ref name="Rama" /><ref name="Narayan">{{Cite book|last=Narayan|first=R.K|title= The Ramayana: a shortened modern prose version of the Indian epic |work= Mahabali story|pages= 14–16|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jv-BdsLrX0wC |publisher= Penguin Classics|year=1977|isbn=978-0-14-018700-7}}</ref> According to Hindu scriptures, Bali asked for and was granted the boon by Vishnu, whereby he returns to earth once a year when he will be remembered and worshipped, and reincarnate in a future birth as [[Indra]].<ref name=kanev5/><ref name="Bonnefoy1993p84">{{cite book|author=Yves Bonnefoy|title=Asian Mythologies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r4I-FsZCzJEC |year=1993|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-06456-7|pages=84–85}}</ref><ref name=williams>{{cite book|author=Joanna Gottfried Williams|title=Kalādarśana: American Studies in the Art of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-qoeAAAAIAAJ |year=1981|publisher=BRILL |isbn=90-04-06498-2|page=70}}</ref>

Balipratipada or Padva is traditionally celebrated with decorating the floor with colorful images of Bali – sometimes with his wife Vindyavati,<ref name="Gnanambal1969p5"/> of nature's abundance, a shared feast, community events and sports, drama or poetry sessions. In some regions, rice and food offerings are made to recently dead ancestors (shraddha), or the horns of cows and bulls are decorated, people gamble, or icons of Vishnu avatars are created and garlanded in addition.<ref name=kanev5/><ref name=williams/><ref name="Gnanambal1969p5">{{cite book|author=K. Gnanambal|title=Festivals of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UneCAAAAMAAJ |year=1969 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |pages=5–17}}</ref><ref name="Vaswani2017">{{cite book|author=J. P. Vaswani|title=Dasavatara |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eSNADwAAQBAJ&pg=PT74 |year=2017|publisher=Jaico Publishing House|isbn=978-93-86867-18-6|pages=73–77}}</ref>

==Nomenclature==
Balipratipada ({{langx|sa|बालि प्रतिपदा}}, {{langx|mr|बळी-प्रतिपदा}} or {{IAST|Pāḍvā}} पाडवा, {{langx|kn|ಬಲಿ ಪಾಡ್ಯಮಿ}} or {{IAST|Bali Pāḍyami}}) is a compound word consisting of "Bali" (a mythical daitya king, also known as Mahabali)<ref name="Dalal2010p214">{{cite book|author=Roshen Dalal|title=The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pNmfdAKFpkQC|year=2010|publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-341517-6|pages=214–215}}</ref> and "pratipada" (also called ''padva'', means occasion, commence, first day of a lunar fortnight).<ref>{{cite book|author=P. Prabhu|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dZJIAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA238 |year=1885|publisher=Government central Press|pages=238–239}}</ref> It is also called the Akashadipa (lights of the sky).{{cn|date=January 2020}}

==Texts==
The Balipratipada and Bali-related scripture is ancient. The earliest mention of Bali's story is found in the c. 2nd-century BCE ''[[Mahābhāṣya]]'' of Patanjali on [[Pāṇini|Panini]]'s ''Astadhyayi'' 3.1.26. It states that "Balim bandhayati" refers to a person reciting the Bali legend or acting it out on a stage. This, states P.V. Kane – a Sanskrit literature scholar, attests that the "imprisonment of Bali" legend was well known by the 2nd-century BCE in forms of drama and poetry in [[ancient India]].<ref name="kanev5" /> According to Tracy Pintchman – an Indologist, the festival has links to the [[Samudra Manthan|Samudra Manthana]] legend found in Vedic texts. These describe a cosmic struggle between ''suras'' and ''asuras'', with Mahabali as the king of the ''[[asura]]s''. It is this legendary churning of cosmic ocean that created Lakshmi – the goddess worshipped on Diwali. The remembrance and festivities associated with Lakshmi and Mahabali during Diwali are linked.<ref name="Pintchman2005p63" />

The festivities related to Bali and Balipratipada find mention in the ''Vanaparva'' 28.2 of the ''Mahabharata'',<ref name="kanev5" /> the ''Ramayana'',<ref name="Narayan" /> and several major [[Puranas]], such as the ''Brahma purana'' (chapter 73), ''Kurma purana'' (chapter 1), ''Matsya purana'' (chapters 245 and 246), and others.<ref name="kanev5" /><ref name="Soifer1991p193">{{cite book|author=Deborah A. Soifer|title=The Myths of Narasimha and Vamana: Two Avatars in Cosmological Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoFDK_sDGHwC |year=1991|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-7914-0799-8|pages=Appendix II (193–274)}}</ref>

The Hindu text ''Dharmasindhu'' in its discussions of Diwali states that day after the Diwali night, Balipratipada is one of three most auspicious dates in the year.<ref name="kanev5" /> It recommends an oil bath and a worship of Bali. His icon along with his wife's should be drawn on the floor with five colored powder and flowers.<ref name="kanev5" /> Fruits and food should be offered to Bali, according to ''Bhavisyottra'', and drama or other community spectacles should be organized.<ref name="kanev5" /> The Hindu texts suggest that the devout should light lamps, wear new clothes, tie auspicious threads or wear garland, thank their tools of art, decorate and pray before the cows and bulls, organize delightful community sports (''kaumudi-mahotsava'') in temple or palace grounds such as pulling [[Tug of war|tug-of-war]] ropes.<ref name="kanev5" />

==Legend==
[[File:Badami Cave Temples 22.jpg|thumb|7th-century Trivikrama-Vamana. The central figure is of Vamana as Trivikrama covering the worlds in his three steps. At his foot, Bali (right) can be seen promising Vamana with a parasol, promising the donation of three steps.]]

[[Mahabali|Bali]] was Prahlada's grandson. He came to power by defeating the gods ([[Deva (Hinduism)|Devas]]), and taking over the three worlds. Bali, an [[Asura]] king was well known for his bravery, uprightness and dedication to god Vishnu. Bali had amassed vast territories and was invincible. He was benevolent and popular, but his close associates weren't like him. They were constantly attacking the ''suras'' ([[Deva (Hinduism)|Deva]]s) and plundering the gods who stood for righteousness and justice.<ref name="Raghavendra">{{Cite book|last= Raghavendra|first= T.N.|title= Vishnu Sahasranama |work=Om Vamanaya namah|year= 2002|pages=233–235|access-date=2009-10-07|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EAjre2OxyvIC&pg=PA235 |publisher= SRG Publishers|isbn=978-81-902827-2-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Roshen Dalal|title=The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pNmfdAKFpkQC|year=2010|publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-341517-6|pages=214–215}}</ref>

According to [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]] scriptures, Indra and the defeated ''suras'' approached [[Vishnu]] for help in their battle with Bali.<ref>{{cite book|author=J. Gordon Melton|title=Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lD_2J7W_2hQC |year=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-206-7|page=900}}</ref> Vishnu refused to join the gods in violence against Bali, because Bali was a good ruler and his own devotee. But, instead of promising to kill Bali, Vishnu promised to use a novel means to help the ''suras''.<ref name="Dalal2010p214" /><ref name="Dalal2010p229">{{cite book|author=Roshen Dalal|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC |year=2010|publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-341421-6|pages=229–230}}</ref>

Bali announced that he will perform ''[[Yajna]]'' (homa sacrifices) and grant anyone any gift they want during the ''Yajna''. Vishnu took the avatar of a dwarf Brahmin called ''Vamana'' and approached Bali.<ref name="Raghavendra" /><ref name="Sharma1996p54" /> The king offered anything to the boy – gold, cows, elephants, villages, food, whatever he wished. The boy said that one must not seek more than one needs, and all he needs is the property right over a piece of land that measures "three paces". Bali agreed.<ref name="Melton2011p659" /><ref>{{cite book|author=Nanditha Kirshna|title=Book of Vishnu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pIFFEJXx7L8C |year=2009|publisher= Penguin Books|isbn=978-81-8475-865-8|pages=58–59}}</ref> The Vamana grew to enormous proportions, metamorphosing into the Trivikrama form, and covered everything Bali ruled over in just two paces. For the third pace, Bali offered his own head to Vishnu who pushed him into the realm of [[Patala]] (nether world).<ref name="Narayan" /><ref name="Dalal2010p229" />

Pleased with the dedication and integrity of Bali, Vishnu granted him a boon that he could return to earth for one day in a year to be with his people, be worshipped and be a future Indra.<ref name="kanev5" /> It is this day that is celebrated as the Bali Padyami, the annual return of Bali from the netherworld to earth.<ref name="Singhal">{{cite book|last=Singhal|first= Jwala Prasad|title= The Sphinx speaks|work=balipadyami|page=92|access-date=2009-10-09|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wmgFAAAAMAAJ&q=Balipadyami|publisher= Sadgyan Sadan|year=1963}}</ref>

Another version of the legend states that after Vamana pushed Bali below ground (''patalaloka''), at the request of [[Prahlada]] (described as a great devotee of Vishnu), the grandfather of Bali, Vishnu pardoned Bali and made him the king of the netherworld. Vishnu also granted the wish of Bali to return to earth for one day marked by festivities and his worship.{{cn|date=January 2020}}

==Festivities==
[[File:Rangoli with lights in Hyderabad.jpg|thumb|left|[[Rangoli]] with lights in [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]]]]
The rituals observed on the Bali Padyami day have variations from state to state. In general, on this festival day, Hindus exchange gifts, as it is considered a way to please Bali and the gods. After the ceremonial ''Oil Bath'', people wear new clothes. The main hall of the house or the space before the door or gate is decorated with a [[Rangoli]] or [[Kolam]] drawn with powder of rice in different colours, thereafter Bali and his wife Vindhyavali are worshipped. Some build Bali icons out of clay or cow dung. In the evening, as night falls, door sills of every house and temple are lighted with lamps arranged in rows. Community sports and feasts are a part of the celebrations.<ref name="kanev5" /><ref name="Sharma1996p54">{{cite book|author=Arvind Sharma|title=Hinduism for our times|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yVsqAAAAYAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=54–56|isbn=9780195637496}}</ref>

Some people gamble with a game called ''pachikalu'' (dice game), which is linked to a legend. It is believed that god [[Shiva]] and his consort [[Parvati]] played this game on this festival day when Parvati won. Following this, their son [[Kartikeya]] played with Parvati and defeated her. Thereafter, his brother, the elephant-headed god of wisdom [[Ganesha]] played with him and won the dice game. But now this gambling game is played only by family members, symbolically, with cards.{{cn|date=January 2020}}[[File:Lanterns at padva musical concert.jpg|thumb|Balipratipada is also called Padva, and community cultural events are a part of its celebrations in western states of India; above a musical concert.]]
The farming community celebrates this festival, particularly in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, by performing ''Kedaragauri vratam'' (worship of goddess KedaraGauri – a form of Parvati), ''Gopuja'' (worship of cow), and ''Gouramma puja'' (worship of Gauri – another form of Parvati). Before worship of cows, on this day, the ''goushala'' (cowshed) is also ceremoniously cleaned. On this day, a triangular shaped image of Bali, made out of cow-dung is placed over a wooden plank designed with colourful Kolam decorations and bedecked with [[Tagetes|marigold]] flowers and worshipped.<ref name=Hebbar/>

=== Himachal Pradesh ===
Bali Pratipada is also known as ''Barlaj'' in [[Himachal Pradesh]]. ''Barlaj'' is corruption of word ''Bali Raj.'' [[Vishnu]] and his devotee [[Mahabali|Bali]] is worshipped on this day.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Registrar|first1=India Office of the|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xAkdAQAAMAAJ&q=Barlaj++Vishnu|title=Census of India, 1961: Himachal Pradesh|last2=General|first2=India Office of the Registrar|date=1962|publisher=Manager of Publications|language=en}}</ref> Bali, the grandson of [[Prahlada]] is believed to visit earth on this day. Folk songs of [[Vamana]] are also sung this day.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Kumar Suresh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LBvaAAAAMAAJ&q=Barlaj+|title=The Mahābhārata in the Tribal and Folk Traditions of India|date=1993|publisher=Indian Institute of Advanced Study and Anthropological Survey of India, New Delhi|isbn=978-81-85952-17-8|language=en}}</ref> Farmers do not use plough on this day and artisans worship their tools and implements on this day in honour of [[Vishvakarman|Vishvakarma]]. ''Ekaloo'', a rice flour based dish is prepared on this day.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Registrar|first1=India Office of the|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xAkdAQAAMAAJ&q=Ekaloo|title=Census of India, 1961: Himachal Pradesh|last2=General|first2=India Office of the Registrar|date=1962|publisher=Manager of Publications|language=en}}</ref>

=== Jammu division ===
This day is simply known as ''Raja Bali'' in [[Jammu Division|Jammu]] region. Women prepare murtis of ''Raja Bali'' using wheat dough and later on ''Bali Puja'' is performed.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t2AMhbqwbscC&q=%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF|title=Hamārā sāhitya|date=2008|publisher=Lalitakalā, Saṃskṛti, va Sāhitya Akādamī, Jammū-Kaśmīra.|language=hi}}</ref> These murtis are then immersed in water after [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]].

==Related festivals==
[[Onam]] is a major festival of Kerala based on the same scriptures, but observed in August–September. In the contemporary era, it commemorates Mahabali. Celebrations include a vegetarian feast, gift giving, parades featuring Bali and Vishnu avataras, floor decorations and community sports.<ref name= Fuller>{{Cite book|last= Fuller|first= Christopher John|title= The everyday state and society in modern India |work= Mahabali and Vamana|pages=140–142|access-date=2009-10-08|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=P55V5gQkljUC&pg=PA140 |publisher= C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|year=2001|isbn=978-1-85065-471-1}}</ref><ref name="Melton2011p659">{{cite book|author=J. Gordon Melton|title=Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lD_2J7W_2hQC |year=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-206-7|pages=659–670}}</ref> According to A.M. Kurup, the history of Onam festival as evidenced by literature and inscriptions found in Kerala suggest "Onam was a temple-based community festival celebrated over a period".<ref name=amkurup/> The festivities of Onam are found in ''[[Maturaikkāñci]]'' – a Sangam era Tamil poem, which mentions the festival being celebrated in Madurai temples with games and duels in temple premises, oblations being sent to the temples, people wore new clothes and feasted.<ref name=amkurup/> The 9th-century ''Pathikas and Pallads'' by Saint Sage Periyalawar, according to Kurup, describes Onam celebrations and offerings to Vishnu, mentions feasts and community events.<ref name=amkurup/> Several inscriptions from 11th and 12th-century in Hindu temples such as the [[Thrikkakara Temple]] (Kochi, dedicated to Vamana) and the [[Sreevallabha Temple]] (Tiruvalla, dedicated to Vishnu) attest to offerings dedicated to Vamana on Onam.<ref name=amkurup>{{cite journal| title= The Sociology of Onam| author= A.M. Kurup| year=1977| journal= Indian Anthropologist| volume=7| number=2| pages= 95–110| jstor= 41919319}}</ref> In contemporary Kerala, the festival is observed by both Hindus and non-Hindus,<ref name="Osella">{{cite book |last1=Osella |first1=Filippo |last2=Osella |first2=Caroline |editor1-last=Fuller |editor1-first=Christopher John |editor2-last=Bénéï |editor2-first=Véronique |title=The Everyday State and Society in Modern India |year=2001 |publisher=C. Hurst |isbn=978-1850654711 |pages=137–139 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P55V5gQkljUC}}</ref> with the exception of Muslims among whom isolated celebration is observed.<ref name="OsellaOsella2008">{{cite journal|last1=Osella|first1=Caroline |last2=Osella|first2=Filippo |title=Food, Memory, Community: Kerala as both 'Indian Ocean' Zone and as Agricultural Homeland|journal=Journal of South Asian Studies| volume=31| issue=1|year=2008| pages=170–198 |doi=10.1080/00856400701877232|s2cid=145738369 |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/5174/1/CSAS_A_287892_Osella_paper.pdf }}, Quote: "Onam is of course not celebrated by Muslims; for it commemorates the victory of the Hindu demon king Mahabali who, in Hindu lore, founded Kerala. Contemporary Islamic reformist ulema even advise Muslims to refuse invitations from Hindu neighbours who may wish to call them to eat on Thiruvonam. From the outset, then, this Muslim family’s plan to make an Onam feast had the air of a daring and naughty secret."</ref>

==See also==
*[[Mahabali]]
*[[Onam]]
*[[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book|author=Deborah A. Soifer|title=The Myths of Narasimha and Vamana: Two Avatars in Cosmological Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoFDK_sDGHwC |year=1991|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-7914-0799-8}}

{{New Year by Calendar}}
{{HinduFestivals}}
{{Worship in Hinduism}}

[[Category:Hindu festivals]]
[[Category:Diwali]]
[[Category:October observances]]
[[Category:November observances]]
[[Category:Religious festivals in India]]

Himmatpur Ujiyari

2023-12-25T23:56:13Z

Dranvesh: new some stub w/ refs - done

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{other uses|Himmatpur}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Himmatpur Ujiyari
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.1605049|N|78.8155699|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mainpuri district|Mainpuri]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 =
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 3.855
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1207
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Himmatpur Ujiyari''' ({{IAST|Himmatpur Ujiyārī}}) is a village in [[Ghiror]] block of [[Mainpuri district]], Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, it had a population of 1,207, in 194 households.

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Himmatpur Ujiyari had a population of 1,207, in 194 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|81}} This population was 51.9% male (626) and 48.1% female (581). The 0-6 age group numbered 207 (121 male and 86 female), or 17.1% of the total population. 387 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 32.1% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Mainpuri, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1259/download/4050/DH_2011_0917_PART_B_DCHB_MAINPURI.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|70-1}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Himmatpur Ujiyari as having a population of 703 people, in 124 households.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Mainpuri |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/29484/download/32665/28516_1981_MAI.pdf |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref>{{rp|132-3}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Himmatpur Ujiyari as comprising 2 hamlets, with a total population of 459 people (253 male and 206 female), in 72 households and 53 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 946 acres.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (24 - Mainpuri District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28772/download/31954/22833_1961_MAI.pdf |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref>{{rp|lxx}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Himmatpur Ujiyari had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by well, hand pump, and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village had a post office but no public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Mainpuri, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1258/download/4046/DH_2011_0917_PART_A_DCHB_MAINPURI.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|81-5}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mainpuri district}}

[[Category:Villages in Mainpuri district]]

Cherkkala - Jalsoor Road

2023-03-13T18:08:16Z

Dranvesh: Created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Mulleria, Kasaragod]]

[[Category:Roads in Kasaragod district]]

Velliangattu Pudhur

2023-03-04T16:16:58Z

Dranvesh: redirect created

#REDIRECT [[Kuravan Palayam]]

{{R from merge}}

Maleri Formation

2023-02-01T21:33:30Z

Dranvesh: starting new info

'''Maleri Formation''' may refer to:
* [[Upper Maleri Formation]], Late Triassic formation in India
* [[Lower Maleri Formation]], Late Triassic formation in India

{{disambig}}