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Hindus for Human Rights

2026-05-08T17:07:01Z

DougHuonDeKermad: made a entry...

{{Short description|Hindu American pluralist advocacy organization}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Hindus for Human Rights
| full_name =
| image = Hindus_for_Human_Rights_logo.png
| image_size =
| purpose = Pluralism, civil rights, and human rights in South Asia and North America
| abbreviation = HfHR
| formation = {{start date and age|df=yes|2019}}
| founder = [[Sunita Viswanath]], Raju Rajagopal, Deepak Gupta, Sapthagiri Iyengar, Sunil Sakhalkar, Punya Upadhyaya
| headquarters = Washington, D.C.
| location = United States
| region_served = United States, United Kingdom, Australia
| status = [[501(c)(3)]] non-profit
| tax_id = 36-4952444
| language = English
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| website = {{URL|https://www.hindusforhumanrights.org/}}
}}

'''Hindus for Human Rights''' ({{Small|abbr.}} {{Abbr|HfHR|Hindus for Human Rights}}) is a U.S.-based non-profit [[advocacy group]] founded in 2019.

== History ==
The organization was founded in the summer of 2019 in the wake of [[Narendra Modi]]'s re-election as [[Prime Minister of India]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-08|title=Sunita Viswanath: India's democracy is in grave danger; state repression of minorities, dissenters at all-time high|url=https://www.americanbazaaronline.com/2021/04/08/sunita-viswanath-indias-democracy-in-grave-danger-444859/|access-date=2022-02-02|website=The American Bazaar|language=en-US}}</ref> It was co-founded by [[Sunita Viswanath]], Raju Rajagopal, Deepak Gupta, Sapthagiri Iyengar, Sunil Sakhalkar, and Punya Upadhyaya.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Viswanath|first=Raju Rajagopal, Sunita|title=Hindus for Human Rights {{!}} In support of the Dismantling Global Hindutva conference|url=https://www.thedp.com/article/2021/12/upenn-hindtuva-conference-hindus-for-human-rights|access-date=2022-02-02|website=www.thedp.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Board of Directors|url=https://www.hindusforhumanrights.org/en/team|access-date=2022-02-04|website=Hindus for Human Rights|language=en-US}}</ref> Advisory board members of Hindus for Human Rights include [[Rajmohan Gandhi]], [[T.M. Krishna]], [[Martin Macwan]], [[Faisal Khan]], [[Linda Hess]], [[Swara Bhaskar]], and Khalid Anis Ansari.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Advisory Board|url=https://www.hindusforhumanrights.org/en/advboard|access-date=2022-10-08|website=Hindus for Human Rights|language=en-US}}</ref> The UK chapter was founded in the summer of 2023.

== Advocacy ==
Hindus for Human Rights has protested against the [[Howdy Modi]] rally in 2019<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jose|first=Khemta H.|date=2019-09-22|title='Adios Modi': Protestors Chant Outside 'Howdy Modi' Event in US|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/world/howdy-modi-pm-houston-protests-kashmir-370|access-date=2022-02-02|website=TheQuint|language=en}}</ref> and the [[Citizenship Amendment Act]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ali|first=Mohammad|title=Thousands protest in US cities against India citizenship law|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/1/27/thousands-protest-in-us-cities-against-india-citizenship-law|access-date=2022-02-02|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> HfHR has also organized press conferences and webinars in support of former and current activists and political prisoners in India including [[Sanjiv Bhatt]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-19|title=Indian American organizations urge Supreme Court to give bail to Sanjiv Bhatt|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indian-american-organizations-urge-supreme-court-to-give-bail-to-sanjiv-bhatt-101611026042793.html|access-date=2022-02-02|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> [[Umar Khalid]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Abubacker|first=Afra|date=2021-11-18|title=In India, Muslim UAPA prisoners persecuted for their faith: Families tell US congressional briefing|url=https://maktoobmedia.com/2021/11/18/in-india-muslim-uapa-prisoners-persecuted-for-their-faith-families-tell-us-congressional-briefing/|access-date=2022-02-02|website=Maktoob media|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Anand Teltumbde]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Statement by Hindus for Human Rights and Global Indian Progressive Alliance Protesting the Arrest of Dr. Anand Teltumbde and Gautam Navlakha|url=https://www.hindusforhumanrights.org/en/blog/statement-by-hindus-for-human-rights-and-global-indian-progressive-alliance-protesting-the-arrest-of-dr-anand-teltumbde-and-gautam-navlakha|access-date=2022-02-02|website=Hindus for Human Rights|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Sudha Bharadwaj]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fatima|first=Nikhat|date=2021-12-10|title=IAMC, HfHR welcome release of Sudha Bharadwaj|url=http://twocircles.net/2021dec10/444346.html|access-date=2022-02-02|website=TwoCircles.net|language=en-US}}</ref> and the late [[Stan Swamy|Father Stan Swamy]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Prayer for Father Stan Swamy|url=https://www.hindusforhumanrights.org/en/blog/a-prayer-for-father-stan-swamy|access-date=2022-02-02|website=Hindus for Human Rights|language=en-US}}</ref>

In April 2022, Hindus for Human Rights compiled a statement asking Hindus around the world to break the "collective silence and speak out" against Hindutva-fuelled hate and violence against Muslims in India.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.thewire.in/article/religion/hindus-human-rights-hate-hindutva-violence-statement|title=Time to 'Break Collective Silence and Speak out Against Hate', Say Hindu Orgs, Leaders|website=The Wire}}</ref>

Hindus for Human Rights has a UK organisation, started in 2023 by Rajiv Sinha.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-06 |title=HfHR UK |url=https://www.hindusforhumanrights.org/en/unitedkingdom |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=Hindus for Human Rights |language=en-US}}</ref> Respected activists, academics, and figures were among the attendees of their launch event in London.<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=Clarion |date=2023-10-26 |title=Hindus for Human Rights Launched in UK |url=https://clarionindia.net/hindus-for-human-rights-launched-in-uk/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=Clarion India |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2024 Hindus for Human Rights UK led campaigns against the organising of Hindu nationalist groups around the UK general election and against the fact that the “Mayor of London’s annual Diwali” event was organised by the VHP (UK) and other groups that promote or support Hindutva. Hindus for Human Rights UK wrote an open letter to the Mayor of London that was signed by a number of prominent South Asian diasporic organisations, party political groups, and prominent individuals.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2019 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:Civic and political organizations of the United States]]
[[Category:Hindu organizations based in the United States]]
[[Category:Human rights organizations based in the United States]]

Theni Lok Sabha constituency

2026-05-05T02:45:34Z

DougHuonDeKermad: done.

{{Short description|Parliamentary constituency in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Theni
|type = LS
|map_image = Theni lok sabha constituency.png
|map_caption = Area of Theni Lok Sabha Constituency
|state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
|assembly_cons =[[Sholavandan Assembly constituency|Sholavandan]] [[Usilampatti Assembly constituency|Usilampatti]] [[Andipatti Assembly constituency|Andipatti]] [[Periyakulam Assembly constituency|Periyakulam]] [[Bodinayakkanur Assembly constituency|Bodinayakanur]] [[Cumbum Assembly constituency|Cumbum]]
|established = 2009
|electors = {{formatnum:1561040}}
| incumbent_image = Thanga Tamil Selvan in 2020.png
|reservation = None
|mp = [[Thanga Tamil Selvan]]
| party = {{Party index link|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}
|latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu|2024]]
|preceded_by =
}}
'''Theni Lok Sabha constituency''' ({{langx|ta|தேனி மக்களவைத் தொகுதி}}) is one of the 39 [[Lok Sabha]] ([[Parliament of India|parliamentary]]) constituencies in [[Tamil Nadu]], a [[Federated state|state]] in southern [[India]].

==Assembly segments==

===2009–present===

Theni Lok Sabha constituency comprises the following [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|legislative assembly]] segments:
{| class="wikitable"
! width="50px" style="font-size:75%" |Constituency number
! width="200px" |Name
! width="100px" style="font-size:75%" |Reserved for ([[Dalit|SC]]/[[Adivasi|ST]]/None)
! width="150px" |District
! colspan="2"|Party
! colspan="2"|2024 Lead
|-
|190
|[[Sholavandan Assembly constituency|Sholavandan]]
|SC
|rowspan=2|[[Madurai district|Madurai]]
| {{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
| {{party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=6}}
|-
|197
|[[Usilampatti Assembly constituency|Usilampatti]]
|None
|-
|198
|[[Andipatti Assembly constituency|Andipatti]]
|None
|rowspan=4|[[Theni district|Theni]]
| {{party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
|199
|[[Periyakulam Assembly constituency|Periyakulam]]
|SC
| {{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}
|-
|200
|[[Bodinayakkanur Assembly constituency|Bodinayakanur]]
|None
| {{party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
|201
|[[Cumbum Assembly constituency|Cumbum]]
|None
| {{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}
|}

==List of members of parliament==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white; " colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[J. M. Aaroon Rashid]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|[[R. Parthipan]]
|{{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[P. Ravindhranath]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[Thanga Tamil Selvan]]
|{{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float = right
|title = Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar = #ddd
|width = 260px
|barwidth = 250px
|bars = {{bar percent|2024|{{party color| Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|50.08}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|42.96}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|53.06}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|42.54}}
}}

=== General Elections 2024===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Theni]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Thanga Tamil Selvan]]|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=571,493|percentage=50.08|change=''N/A''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]|party=Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=292,668|percentage=25.65|change={{up}}13.39}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=V. T. Narayanasamy|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=155,587|percentage=13.63|change={{down}}29.33}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=J. Madhan|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi|votes=76,834|percentage=6.73|change={{up}}4.36}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the above|party=None of the above|votes=11,336|percentage=0.99|change={{up}}0.08}}
{{Election box margin of victory|votes=2,78,825|percentage=24.43|change={{up}}17.86}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=11,41,219|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|loser=AIADMK|swing=}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2019===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Theni district|Theni]]<ref name="2019_GE_Results">{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/10929-33constituency-wise-detailed-result/|title=2019 Indian General Election Results|work=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=18 June 2019}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = [[P. Ravindhranath]]
|votes = 504,813
|percentage = 42.96
|change = {{decrease}}10.10
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[E. V. K. S. Elangovan]]
|votes = 428,120
|percentage = 36.44
|change = {{increase}}29.81
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = [[Thanga Tamil Selvan]]
|votes = 144,050
|percentage = 12.26
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Naam Tamilar Katchi
|candidate = Shagul Hameed
|votes = 27,864
|percentage = 2.37
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Makkal Needhi Maiam
|candidate = S. Radhakrishnan
|votes = 16,879
|percentage = 1.44
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 10,686
|percentage = 0.91
|change = {{decrease}}0.05
}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=76,693 |percentage=6.57 |change=-22.96 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,67,919 |percentage=75.27 |change= 0.91 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 15,61,040 |change =8.31}}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -10.40 }}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2014===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Theni district|Theni]]<ref name="2014_GE_Results">{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/2785-constituency-wise-detailed-result/|title=2014 Indian General Election Results|work=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=4 June 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = [[R. Parthipan]]
|votes = 571,254
|percentage = 53.06
|change = {{increase}}11.30
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = Pon. Muthuramalingam
|votes = 256,722
|percentage = 23.84
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = Alagusundaram
|votes = 134,362
|percentage = 12.28
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[J. M. Aaroon Rashid]]
|votes = 71,432
|percentage = 6.63
|change = {{decrease}}35.91
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 10,312
|percentage = 0.96
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,14,532 |percentage=29.53% |change=28.74% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,65,271 |percentage=74.70% |change= -0.55% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,41,302 |change =34.08% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 11.07% }}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2009===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Theni district|Theni]]<ref name="2009_GE_Results">{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/2857-constituency-wise-detailed-result/|title=2009 Indian General Election Results|work=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=1 June 2009}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[J. M. Aaroon Rashid]]
|votes = 340,575
|percentage = 42.54
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = [[Thanga Tamil Selvan]]
|votes = 334,273
|percentage = 41.76
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam
|candidate = M. G. Santhanam
|votes = 70,908
|percentage = 8.86
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Kavitha
|votes = 8,023
|percentage = 1.00
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = A. Parvathi
|votes = 7,640
|percentage = 0.95
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Puthiya Tamilagam
|candidate = P. Selvarajan
|votes = 8,248
|percentage = 0.28
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,302 |percentage=0.79% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,00,362 |percentage=74.47% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,74,931 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[Lok Sabha]]
*[[Theni district]]
*[[Parliament of India]]
*[[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
* {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of Lok Sabha elections |access-date=July 8, 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=October 5, 2010 }}

==External links==
*[https://resultuniversity.com/election/theni-lok-sabha Theni Lok Sabha - Result University]
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/tamilnadu/theni/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_dates.html Theni lok sabha constituency election 2019 date and schedule]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}
{{coords|10.01|77.48|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Theni (Lok Sabha Constituency)}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Theni district]]

Mahesana Lok Sabha constituency

2026-05-03T04:47:08Z

DougHuonDeKermad:

{{Short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Gujarat}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Mahesana
| type = LS
| map_image = મહેસાણા – Mahesana.svg
| map_caption =
| reservation= None
| established = 1952
| state = [[Gujarat]]
| assembly_cons =[[Unjha Assembly constituency|Unjha]] [[Visnagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Visnagar]] [[Bechraji Assembly constituency|Bechraji]] [[Kadi Assembly constituency|Kadi]] [[Mahesana Assembly constituency|Mahesana]] [[Vijapur Assembly constituency|Vijapur]] [[Mansa, Gujarat Assembly constituency|Mansa]]
| mp = [[Haribhai Patel]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|electors =17,70,617 (2024)<ref name="u140">{{cite web | title=ECI/PN/102/2024 - EC releases absolute number of voters for all completed phases |date=25 May 2024 | url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf | publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=18 June 2025 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525141320/https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf |archive-date=25 May 2024}}</ref>
}}
'''Mahesana''' (or '''Mehsana''') is one of the 26 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Gujarat]] state in western [[India]].

==Assembly segments==
Presently, Mahesana Lok Sabha constituency comprises seven [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) segments. These are:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceogujarat.nic.in/site/download/FINAL_ROLL_2009.pdf |title=Parliament Constituency wise Electors Detail, Polling Stations & EPIC - Loksabha Election 2009 |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Gujarat website |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416162919/http://ceogujarat.nic.in/site/download/FINAL_ROLL_2009.pdf |archive-date=2009-04-16 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! width="50px" style="font-size:75%" |Constituency number
! width="200px" |Name
! width="120px" style="font-size:75%" |Reserved for ([[Dalit|SC]]/[[Adivasi|ST]]/None)
! width="150px" |District
! colspan="2"|Party
! colspan="2"|2024 Lead
|-
|21
|[[Unjha Assembly constituency|Unjha]]
|None
| rowspan="6" |[[Mehsana district|Mahesana]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=7}}
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=7}}
|-
|22
|[[Visnagar Assembly constituency|Visnagar]]
|None
|-
|23
|[[Bechraji Assembly constituency|Bechraji]]
|None
|-
|24
|[[Kadi Assembly constituency|Kadi]]
|SC
|-
|25
|[[Mahesana Assembly constituency|Mahesana]]
|None
|-
|26
|[[Vijapur Assembly constituency|Vijapur]]
|None
|-
|37
|[[Mansa, Gujarat Assembly constituency|Mansa]]
|None
|[[Gandhinagar district|Gandhinagar]]
|-
|}

==Members of Lok Sabha==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Winner
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|rowspan=2|1952
|Kilachand Tulshidas Kilachand
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|Shantilal Girdharlal Parikh
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|Purshottamdas Ranchhoddas Patel
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|Mansinh Prithviraj Patel
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|R.J. Amin
|{{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|Natvarlal Amrutlal Patel
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|[[Maniben Vallabhbhai Patel]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
| [[Motibhai Chaudhary]]
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
| rowspan="5" |[[A. K. Patel]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|[[Atmaram Maganbhai Patel]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/congress-mp-atmaram-patel-dead/71105|title = Congress MP Atmaram Patel dead}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|2002^
| Punjaji Sadaji Thakor
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|[[Jivabhai Ambalal Patel]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Jayshreeben Patel]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[Shardaben Patel]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[Haribhai Patel]]
|-
|}
^ by poll

== Election results ==
===2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general elections]]: [[Mahesana]]<ref name="2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Mahesana">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Mahesana |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S064.htm |access-date=16 July 2024 |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716100124/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S064.htm |archive-date=16 July 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Haribhai Patel]]|votes=6,86,406|percentage=63.74|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Ramji Thakor|votes=3,58,360|percentage=33.28|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=NOTA|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=11,626|percentage=1.08|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=3,28,046|percentage=30.46|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=10,79,261|percentage=60.90|change={{decrease}}4.88}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = BJP
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{notelist}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Mahesana]]<ref name=election2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13539-33-constituency-wise-detailed-result/ |title=General Election 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Shardaben Patel]]|votes=6,59,525|percentage=60.96|change=+4.33}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=A.J. Patel|votes=3,78,006|percentage=36.94|change=+4.35}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=12,067|percentage=1.12|change=-0.86|Result=}}{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Chauhan Prahaladbai Nattubhai|votes=9,512|percentage=0.88|change=-0.07}}
{{Election box candidate|party=[[Independent politician|IND]]|votes=5,221|percentage=0.48|candidate=Rathod Gulabsinh Dursinh|change=+0.48}}{{Election box majority||votes=2,81,519|percentage=26.02|change=+5.63}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=10,84,677|percentage=65.78|change=-1.25}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: Mahesana<ref name=election2014>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/2857-constituency-wise-detailed-result/ |title=General Election 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Jayshreeben Patel|Jayshreeben Kanubhai Patel]]|votes=5,80,250|percentage=56.63|change=+32.62}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Jivabhai Ambalal Patel]]|votes=3,71,359|percentage=32.59|change=-13.80}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Kevalji Thakor|votes=9,766|percentage=0.95|change=-0.36}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=20,333|percentage=1.98|change=---|Result=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=2,08,891|percentage=20.39|change=+18.82}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=10,04,295|percentage=67.03|change=+17.50}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing = +32.62
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Mahesana]]<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/98-general-election-2009/ |title=General Election 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Jayshreeben Patel]]|votes=3,34,598|percentage=48.31|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Jivabhai Ambalal Patel]]|votes=3,13,033|percentage=45.15|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Laljibhai Patel|votes=12,063|percentage=1.74|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Zala Rudradattsinh Vanrajsinh|votes=9,065|percentage=1.31|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=21,865|percentage=1.57|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=6,93,330|percentage=49.74|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2004===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general elections]]: Mehsana<ref name=election2004>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/4126-general-election-2004-vol-i-ii-iii/ |title=General Election 2004 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Jivabhai Ambalal Patel]]|votes=339,643|percentage=48.84|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Nitinbhai Patel]]|votes=325,132|percentage=46.75|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Laxmanji Thakor|votes=20,410|percentage=1.74|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=14,511|percentage=2.09|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=695,409|percentage=56.26|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}

{{Election box end}}

===1984===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1984 Indian general elections]]: Mehsana}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[A.K. Patel]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.elections.in/parliamentary-constituencies/1984-election-results.html | title=1984 India General (8th Lok Sabha) Elections Results }}</ref>|votes=287,555|percentage=51.8|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Sagarbhai Rayanka|votes=243,659|percentage=43.9|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Dashrathlal Prajapati|votes=2,752|percentage=0.5|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Jayantibhai Raval|votes=2,126|percentage=0.4|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Doordarshi Party|candidate=Parsotamdas Patel|votes=1,891|percentage=0.3|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=43,896|percentage=7.9|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=5,54,675|percentage=72.8|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Mehsana district|Mahesana district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]
* [[Mahesana Assembly constituency]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Gujarat}}
{{Mehasana}}
{{coord|23.6|72.4|display=title}}

[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Mehsana district]]

Chumbi

2026-04-30T22:08:19Z

DougHuonDeKermad: put up a entry.

{{Short description|Village in the Chumbi Valley of Tibet, China}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chumbi
| native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{bo-textonly|ཆུ་འབི}} • {{lang|zh-hans|春丕村}}}}
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = [[Villages of China|Village]]
| image_map = File:Bundesarchiv Bild 135-S-18-14-12, Tibetexpedition, Landschaftsaufnahme, Talausgang.jpg
| map_caption = Chumbi valley in early 20th century
| official_name =
| coordinates = {{Coord|27.4445|88.922 |display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = Tibet#China#Asia#World
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[China]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous regions of China|Autonomous Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Prefecture-level city]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Shigatse]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Counties of China|County]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Yadong County|Yadong]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Towns of China|Town]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Yatung|Xarsingma]]
| postal_code =
}}

[[File:1923 SoI map of lower Chumbi Valley.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Map of lower Chumbi Valley (Survey of India, 1923): Chema is at the intersection of the Amo Chu Valley and the route from Nathu La.]]

'''Chumbi''' ({{bo|t=ཆུ་འབི|w=chu 'bi|s=chu bi}}; {{zh|t=春丕|p=Chūn pī}}) is a historic village in the [[Chumbi Valley]] or the [[Yadong County]] of the [[Tibet Autonomous Region]] of [[China]]. It is in the valley of the [[Torsa River|Amo Chu River]], where the route from [[Sikkim]]'s [[Cho La (Sikkim, India and Tibet, China)|Cho La Pass]] meets the Amo Chu Valley.<ref>
{{harvp|Markham, Narratives of the Mission of George Bogle|1876|p=civ}}: "Next, to the north, is the Cho-la pass, 15,000 feet high, which is the direct route from Tumlung to Chumbi."
</ref>
The "Chumbi Valley" of the European nomenclature derives its name from the village of Chumbi.<ref>
{{harvp|Waddell|1905|p=80}}: "we marched up the valley, to the village of Chumbi, which has given the valley the name by which it is known to Europeans..."
</ref>{{efn|It is likely that prior to the European involvement, the term "Chumbi Valley" might have been used only for the lower Chumbi Valley below Yatung. The Tibetans call the overall Chumbi Vally "Tromo" with its headquarters at [[Phari]].}}
It was the administrative center of the lower Chumbi Valley until the Chinese take-over of Tibet in 1950, after which [[Yatung]] became its headquarters. Chumbi is also associated with the [[Kingdom of Sikkim|Sikkim]]'s [[Chogyal|royal family]], which had a summer palace in the village.{{sfnp|Mullard, Opening the Hidden Land|2011|loc=p. 40, note 25}}<ref>
{{harvp|White, Sikhim & Bhutan|1909|p=111}}
"It was instructive, in view of the then disputed question as to whether Chumbi, as the people themselves maintained it ought to be, should be restored to Sikhim, to note the close intimacy that exists between Chumbi and Sikhim."
</ref>

== History ==
The Chumbi Valley was originally part of the [[Lepcha people|Lepcha]] territory.<ref>
{{harvp|Siiger, The Lepchas|1967|p=44}}: "Further eastwards, beyond the Sikkim border, lies the Chumbi alley, which used to be Lepcha territory, but which now belongs to Tibet"
</ref>
In the 13th or 14th century, it began to be colonised by [[Kham]]pas from the [[Kham]] region of Tibet.<ref>
{{harvtxt|Perry, Nepali around the World|1997|p=9}}: "There was earlier contact with the Lepcha in the 13th or 14th century by Kham people from Tibet who colonised the Chumbi valley, but they only later went into Sikkim."
</ref>
A [[Minyak]] prince called [[Khye Bumsa]] ({{bo|w=Gyad 'bum bsags}}) is said to have settled in Chumbi and established a small kingdom. He later built an alliance with the Lepchas in present-day Sikkim and expanded into that region. The ruins of the house built by Khye Bumsa were reportedly present in the Chumbi village till the end of the 19th century.<ref>{{harvp|Mullard, Opening the Hidden Land|2011|loc=pp. 39–40}}: "[25] Until the late nineteenth century, close to the summer palace of the Sikkimese royal family in Chumbi there stood ruins that were said to be the remains of ''Gyad ’bum sags' '' house."
</ref>

The lower Chumbi valley appears to have been under the control of the Lepchas till the time of the [[Fifth Dalai Lama]]. A Lepcha chieftain called [[Gaeboo Achyok]] (Gyalpo Ajok, {{reign|{{circa|1660}}|1676}}) based at [[Damsang]] (in the present day [[Kalimpong district]]) faced invasions from the Bhutanese and obtained Dalai Lama's assistance. The Bhutanese captured and executed Achyok, after which the Tibetans continued to fight the Bhutanese. The end result of these conflicts is not clearly documented, but the Bhutanese were evicted from the lower Chumbi Valley and its control passed to the Sikkimese and Tibetans in some form.<ref>
{{harvp|Shakabpa, Tibet: A Political History|1984|p=122}}: "In 1676 the Bhutanese attacked Sikkim and captured three hundred homesteads in the Chumbi valley. Again Tibetan troops marched against Bhutan and the Bhutanese withdrew from Sikkim, giving up the Chumbi valley."
</ref><ref>
{{harvp|Shakabpa, One Hundred Thousand Moons|2009|pp=363–364}}: "Thereby, the Bhutan forces fled back to their homes, while the Tibetans and Mongolians took back the lost territories and expelled the Bhutanese from Sikkim."
</ref><ref>
{{harvp|Aris, Bhutan|1979|p=248}}: "Five columns advanced by way of ''sPa-gro'' [Paro], ''Gling-bzhi'', Bum-thang, ''bKra-shis-sgang'' [Trashigang] and ''Phag-ri'' [Phari], but their only lasting achievement was the expulsion of the Bhutanese troops from Sikkim."
</ref>{{efn|The "Sikkim" mentioned in these sources is mainly southeastern Sikkim, which appears to have extended on both the sides of the [[Jelep La]] pass. Chogyals' Sikkim was to the west of the [[Teesta River]].{{sfnp|Mullard, Opening the Hidden Land|2011|p=151}} After the elimination of the Damsang chieftaincy, the way was opened for the Chogyals to expand east of the river.}}

The Sikkim Chogyals constructed a palace at Chumbi during the reign of [[Chakdor Namgyal]] ({{reign|1700|1717}}), who is said to have received the lower Chumbi valley as an estate from the Tibetan government.{{sfnp|Mullard, Opening the Hidden Land|2011|p=40|loc=note 25}} It came to be used as a regular summer residence of the Chogyals since 1780.{{sfnp|Mullard, Opening the Hidden Land|2011|p=40|loc=note 25}} The Chogyals regarded the people of the lower Chumbi Valley as their subjects until 1959, irrespective of the prevailing official boundaries.<ref>{{citation |last=Balikci |first=Anna |title=Lamas, Shamans and Ancestors: Village Religion in Sikkim |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3UCwCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA73 |year=2008 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-474-3348-4 |at=p. 73, note 52}}</ref>

== Geography ==
The village of Chumbi is roughly in the centre of the stretch of Amo Chu valley between [[Yatung]] and [[Rinchengang]]. The road from the [[Cho La (Sikkim and Tibet)|Cho La]] pass on the Sikkim border arrives here. On the Sikkimese side of the pass, there was a direct road to [[Tumlong]], the capital of Sikkim and the seat of its royalty in the 18th and 19th centuries.

About {{convert|2|mi}} upstream from Chumbi lies the town of [[Yatung]] (Shasima), the present headquarters of the [[Yadong County]]. Downstream from Chumbi are the twin villages of [[Chema, Tibet|Chema]] and [[Pipitang]], where the route from the [[Nathu La]] pass arrives, and [[Rinchengang]], which receives the route from the [[Jelep La]] pass.

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation |last=Aris |first=Michael |title=Bhutan: The Early History of a Himalayan Kingdom |publisher=Aris & Phillips Ltd. |location=Warminster, England |date=1979 |isbn=0-85668-082-6 |ref={{sfnref|Aris, Bhutan|1979}}}}
* {{citation |last=Bhanja |first=K. C. |title=Lure of the Himalaya |publisher=Gilbert & Co |location=Darjeeling |year=1944 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.13673 |via=archive.org}}
* {{citation |last=Buchanan |first=Walter |title=A Recent Trip into the Chumbi Valley, Tibet |journal=Geographical Journal |volume=LIII |number=6 |date=June 1919 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_geographical-journal_1919-06_53_6/page/403/ |via=archive.org}}
* {{citation |last=Easton |first=John |title=An Unfrequented High through Sikkim and Tibet |url=https://archive.org/details/unfrequentedhigh00john |year=1928 |location=London |publisher=The Scholartis Press |via=archive.org}}
* {{citation |last=Fatma |first=Eram |title=India–China Border Trade: A Case Study of Sikkim's Nathu La: A Case Study of Sikkim's Nathu La |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yb2rDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT65 |year=2017 |publisher=KW Publishers |isbn=978-93-86288-64-6}}
* {{citation |last=Kawaguchi |first=Ekai |title=Three Years in Tibet |publisher=The Theosophist Office |location=Adyar, Madras |year=1909 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.1848 |via=archive.org}}
* {{citation |last=Lamb |first=Alastair |title=The McMahon Line: a Study in the Relations Between, India, China and Tibet, 1904 to 1914, Vol. 1: Morley, Minto and Non-Interference in Tibet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vak5AQAAIAAJ |year=1966 |publisher=Routledge & K. Paul}}
* {{citation |last=Markham |first=Clements R. |title=Narratives of the Mission of George Bogle to Tibet and of the Journey of Thomas Manning to Lhasa |publisher=Trubner and Co |location=London |date=1876 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.86263 |via=archive.org |ref={{sfnref|Markham, Narratives of the Mission of George Bogle|1876}}}}
* {{citation |last=Mullard |first=Saul |title=Opening the Hidden Land: State Formation and the Construction of Sikkimese History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G_1J4tgrYDUC&pg=PA184 |date=2011 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-20895-7 |ref={{sfnref|Mullard, Opening the Hidden Land|2011}}}}
* {{citation |last=Perry |first=Cindy L. |title=Nepali around the World: Emphasizing Nepali Christians of the Himalayas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XRzkAAAAMAAJ |year=1997 |publisher=Ekta Books |ref={{sfnref|Perry, Nepali around the World|1997}}}}
* {{citation |last=Shakabpa |first=Tsepon Wangchuk Deden |title=Tibet: A Political History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iKziAAAAMAAJ |year=1984 |orig-date=first published Yale University Press 1967 |publisher=Potala Publications |location=New York |isbn=0-9611474-0-7|ref={{sfnref|Shakabpa, Tibet: A Political History|1984}}}}
* {{citation |last=Shakabpa |first=Tsepon Wangchuk Deden |title=One Hundred Thousand Moons: An Advanced Political History of Tibet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lGyrymfDdI0C |year=2009 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-17732-1 |ref={{sfnref|Shakabpa, One Hundred Thousand Moons|2009}}}}
* {{citation |last=Siiger |first=Halfdan |title=The Lepchas: Culture and Religion of a Himalayan People, Part I |publisher=The National Museum of Denmark |location=Copenhagen |year=1967 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3338/mode/2up |via=archive.org |ref={{sfnref|Siiger, The Lepchas|1967}}}}
* {{citation |last=Waddell |first=L. Austin |title=Lhasa and its Mysteries |publisher=John Murray |location=London |year=1905 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.79988 |via=archive.org}}
* {{citation |first=J. Claude |last=White |title=Sikhim & Bhutan: Twenty-One Years on the North-East Frontier, 1887—1908 |publisher=Edward Arnold |location=London |year=1909 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.88535 |via=archive.org |ref={{sfnref|White, Sikhim & Bhutan|1909}}}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Populated places in Shigatse]]
[[Category:Villages in China]]
[[Category:Yadong County]]

V. S. Vinaya

2026-04-24T12:06:14Z

DougHuonDeKermad: added.

{{short description|Indian field hockey player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox field hockey player
|name=V. S. Vinaya
|image=
|birth_date={{birth date and age|1985|11|24|df=yes}}
|birth_place=[[Kodagu district]], [[Karnataka]], India<ref>{{cite web|title=India Vs South Africa Test Series (Men) 2012 16 – 22 January 2012|url=http://hockeyindia.org/india-vs-south-africa-test-series-2012|publisher=Hockey India|access-date=25 July 2016}}</ref>
|death_date=
|death_place=
|height=
|position=[[Field hockey#Positions|Midfielder]]
|currentclub=
|youthclubs1=
|youthyears1=
|clubs1=
|years1=
|caps(goals)1=
|clubs2=
|years2=
|caps(goals)2=
|clubs3=
|years3=
|caps(goals)3=
|nationalteam1=[[India men's national field hockey team|India]]
|nationalyears1=
|nationalcaps(goals)1=
|updated=25 July 2016
}}

'''Vakkaliga Swamy Vinaya'''<ref>{{cite web|title=VAKKALIGA SWAMY Vinaya|url=https://tms.fih.ch/players/35212|publisher=International Hockey Federation|access-date=25 July 2016}}</ref> (born 24 November 1985) is a former Indian [[field hockey]] player who played as a [[Field hockey#Positions|midfielder]] for the [[India men's national field hockey team|national team]]. Among the major tournaments he represented India at include [[2005 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy]] and [[2006 Asian Games]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Distinguished Players|url=http://www.karnatakahockey.com/players.html|publisher=karnatakahockey.com|access-date=25 July 2016}}</ref> Vinaya's "capability in one-on-one situations" received praise from German hockey coach [[Valentin Altenburg]].<ref>{{cite news |title=German Coach Lauds Indian Hockey Players on Skills |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/hockey/german-coach-lauds-indian-hockey-players-on-skills-1506816 |access-date=30 September 2019 |work=NDTV |date=12 January 2015}}</ref> In 2010, Vinaya signed up for [[World Series Hockey]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Nimbus launches lucrative world hockey league with IHF |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/124336/nimbus-launches-lucrative-world-hockey.html |access-date=30 September 2019 |work=Deccan Herald |date=28 December 2010}}</ref>

Apart from hockey, Vinaya represents his club [[Air India]] in cricket in the second division league.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mathew |first1=Maxin |title=13 hockey players sign up to play football for Konkan FC in Bengaluru |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/13-hockey-players-sign-up-to-play-football-for-konkan-fc-in-bengaluru/articleshow/60129829.cms |access-date=30 September 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=19 August 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.stick2hockey.com/View-Bio-Data/VS%20Vinaya/45.html Player profile] at stick2hockey.com

{{India FH Squad 2006 World Cup}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vinaya, V. S.}}
[[Category:1985 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Kodagu district]]
[[Category:Indian men's field hockey players]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2006 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:2006 Men's Hockey World Cup players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

Sneha Sreekumar

2026-04-24T06:34:28Z

DougHuonDeKermad: bio.

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sneha Sreekumar
| image = Sneha Sreekumar in May 2018.png
| caption = Sneha in May 2018
| birth_name = Sneha Sreekumar
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]], [[Kerala]], India
| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[Maharaja's College, Ernakulam]]|[[Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit|Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit, Kalady]]|[[Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala]]}}
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|Television anchor|Classical dancer}}
| years_active = 2011 {{endash}} present
| parents = {{ubl|Sreekumar|Girija Devi}}
| relatives =
| spouse = {{ubl|{{Marriage|Diljith M. Das|end=divorced}}|{{Marriage|[[S. P. Sreekumar]]|2019}}<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/our-long-time-friendship-is-what-resulted-in-marriagesay-marimayam-actors-sneha-and-sreekumar-who-entered-wedlock-recently/articleshow/72757481.cms |title=Our long-time friendship is what resulted in marriage, say Marimayam actors Sneha and Sreekumar, who entered wedlock recently - Times of India |website=The Times of India|date=19 December 2019 }}</ref>}}
| children =
}}

'''Sneha Sreekumar''' is an Indian actress and dancer who appears in [[Malayalam films]], television serials and dramas. She is best known for playing the character of Mandodari<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/style/glitz-n-glamour/sneha-sreekumar-marimayam-actress.html |title=മണ്ഡോദരി എന്റെ ഭാഗ്യം: സ്നേഹ ശ്രീകുമാർ |website=ManoramaOnline |language=ml}}</ref> in the TV [[sitcom]] ''[[Marimayam]]''. She is also a professionally trained dancer with 15 years of experience in dance forms like [[Mohiniyattam]], [[Kuchipudi]], [[Kathakali]], [[Ottan Thullal]], and [[Bharathanatyam]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/serials/actress-sneha-sreekumars-lovely-gift-to-her-favourite-teacher/articleshow/75939670.cms |title=ഗുരുവിൻ്റെ പിറന്നാളിന് നൽകാൻ ഇതിലും വലിയ സമ്മാനം വേറെയെന്തുണ്ട്! |website=malayalam.samayam.com}}</ref>

==Biography==
Sneha was born to Sreekumar, who works in the [[Kerala Water Authority]] and Girija Devi, who was the principal of a school in [[Kochi]]. They are settled in [[Kumbalam, Ernakulam]]. She has an elder sister Soumya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/homestyle/spot-light/2019/02/07/sneha-sreekumar-home-memories-marimayam-mazhavilmanorama.html |title=മണ്ഡോദരിയുടെ വീട്ടുവിശേഷങ്ങൾ |website=ManoramaOnline |language=ml}}</ref>

Sneha completed her schooling from St. Antony's Higher Secondary School, Ernakulam and did her graduation in [[Malayalam]] from [[Maharaja's College, Ernakulam]]. Later, she completed her post-graduation from [[Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit|Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit, Kalady]] in Theatre arts. She also holds a [[master of philosophy]] in the [[performing arts]] from [[Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}

She is professionally trained in [[Kathakali]] from Kalamandalam E. Vasudevan, [[Ottan Thullal]] from Kalamandalam Prabhakaran and [[Mohiniyattam]] from Nirmala Panicker.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/on-an-ottanthullal-stage-it-does-not-matter-if-i-am-a-woman-or-a-man-sneha-sreekumar/articleshow/59426858.cms |title=On an Ottanthullal stage, it does not matter if I am a woman or a man: Sneha Sreekumar - Times of India |website=The Times of India|date=4 July 2017 }}</ref>

She started off her career through popular TV series ''[[Marimayam]]'' playing the role of Mandodari which rose her fame among the Malayali audience.
<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/interview/actress-sneha-sreekumar-interview-sneha-sreekumar-comedy-scenes-1.2178202 |title=അന്നവര്‍ അഭിനയിക്കാന്‍ വിളിച്ചപ്പോള്‍ പറ്റില്ലെന്ന് തീര്‍ത്തു പറഞ്ഞു ഞാന്‍: സ്‌നേഹ |first=റിനി രവീന്ദ്രന്‍, ഫോട്ടോ: എസ് |last=സുഗീത്‌ |website=Mathrubhumi|date=20 August 2017 }}</ref> She made her debut with [[Vallatha Pahayan]] directed by Niyas Backer and later went on to act in several films and her notable roles include in ''[[To Noora with Love]]'', ''[[Zachariayude Garbhinikal]]'', ''[[Rajamma @ Yahoo]]'', ''[[Utopiayile Rajavu]]'', ''[[Velipadinte Pusthakam]]'' to name a few.

She is also hosted the TV show ''Loudspeaker''.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2013 || ''[[Vallatha Pahayan]]'' || Suhara || Debut
|-
| ''[[Zachariayude Garbhinikal]]'' || Vasundhara ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2014 || ''Color Balloon'' || Sunitha ||
|-
| ''Karanavar'' || Nandhini ||
|-
| ''[[To Noora with Love]]'' || Raziya ||
|-
| rowspan=6 | 2015 || ''You Can Do It'' || Fathima ||
|-
| ''[[Nee-Na]]'' || Rufiya ||
|-
| ''[[Utopiayile Rajavu]]'' || Thankamani ||
|-
| ''[[Rajamma @ Yahoo]]'' || Indu ||
|-
| ''Ben'' || Tutor ||
|-
| ''[[Ellam Chettante Ishtam Pole]]'' || {{N/A}} || Dubbed for Kozhikode Ramadevi
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2016 || ''[[Marubhoomiyile Aana]]'' || Welcome girl || Uncredited role
|-
| ''[[Ithu Thaanda Police]]'' || CPO Tintu ||
|-
| ''[[Kavi Uddheshichathu..?]]'' || Vineetha ||
|-
| ''[[Ore Mukham]]'' || Thankam Sasi ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2017 || ''[[Velipadinte Pusthakam]]'' || Anumol ||<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/020717/excited-to-work-with-mohanlal-sneha-sreekumar.html |title=Excited to work with Mohanlal: Sneha Sreekumar |first=Vidya |last=Nair |date=2 July 2017 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Thrissivaperoor Kliptham]]'' || Pauly's ex-wife || Cameo Appearance
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2018 || ''[[Aravindante Athidhikal]]'' || Bindu ||
|-
| ''[[Kadha Paranja Kadha]]'' || Stella ||
|-
| ''Thanaha'' || Drunkard's wife ||
|-
| rowspan=6 | 2019 || ''[[Lonappante Mamodeesa]]'' || Aleyamma ||
|-
| ''[[Shibu (film)|Shibu]]'' || Kalyani's friend from karate class || Cameo appearance
|-
| ''[[Sakalakalashala]]'' || Thriller Santha ||
|-
| ''Swarna Malsyangal'' || Susheela ||
|-
| ''Panthu'' || Rabiya ||
|-
| ''Sunilinte Swantham Appoos'' || Malu || Short film
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2020 || ''Krishna The Music of Love'' || Gopika || Music drama
|-
| ''Mayil'' || ||
|-
| ''Love FM'' || Alice ||
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Bhoothakalam]]'' || Vice Principal ||
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Panchayath Jetty]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2 July 2024 |title=Panchayath Jetty gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Jul/02/panchayath-jetty-gets-a-release-date |access-date=4 July 2024 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
!Channel
! Genre
! Notes
|-
||2010||''Kunjiyammakku 5 Makkalane''|| ||[[Amrita TV]]||TV series||
|-
|2011 {{endash}} Present||''[[Marimayam]]''||Mandodari/Suhara||[[Mazhavil Manorama]]||TV series<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/celebrity-news/actress-sneha-sreekumars-facebook-post-regarding-marimayam-sitcom/articleshow/78213553.cms |title='മറിമായം' തന്ന ഭാഗ്യത്തെക്കുറിച്ച് സ്‌നേഹ ശ്രീകുമാര്‍! മണ്ഡോദരിയായുള്ള വരവില്‍ സന്തുഷ്ടവതിയാണ്! കുറിപ്പ് വൈറല്‍ |website=malayalam.samayam.com}}</ref>||
|-
|2014||''Bhargavi Nilayam Ladies Only''||Bhargavi||[[Media One]]||TV series<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/style/glitz-n-glamour/marimayam-actress-sneha-sreekumar.html |title=നവരസങ്ങളാടി മണ്ഡോദരി |website=ManoramaOnline |language=ml}}</ref>||
|-
|2014 {{endash}} 2021||''Loudspeaker''||Salperu Susheela||[[Kairali TV]]||Comedy satire<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/radio-and-tv/what-the-grapevine-says/article6217119.ece |title=What the grapevine says |first=Athira |last=M |date=17 July 2014 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>|| Shortly replaced Anjana Appukuttan
|-
|rowspan=4 |2016||''Aniyan Bava Chettan Bava''||Gracy||Media One||TV series||
|-
|''Aluvayum Mathikariyum''||Sundari||Asianet Plus||TV series||Replaced [[Lakshmi Priya]]
|-
|''Thattukadayile Aluvayum Mathikariyum''||Sundari||Asianet||Telefilm||
|-
|''Marithatteem Mayammutteem''||Mandodari||Mazhavil Manorama||Telefilm||
|-
|2017 {{endash}} 2018||''[[Aliyan vs Aliyan]]''||Jamanthi||[[Amrita TV]]||TV series<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/aliyan-vs-aliyan-a-new-sitcom-on-amrita-tv/articleshow/56998688.cms |title='Aliyan vs Aliyan', a new sitcom on Amrita TV - Times of India |website=The Times of India|date=6 February 2017 }}</ref>||
|-
|2017||''Komedy Circus''||Advocate||Mazhavil Manorama||Reality show||Special appearance
|-
|2018||''Urvashi Theatres''||Herself||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]||Comedy show||
|-
|rowspan=3|2018 {{endash}} 2019||''Kalli Walli''||Manju||Kairali TV||TV sitcom ||
|-
|''[[Laughing Villa]]''||Various roles||[[Surya TV]]||Comedy talk show||
|-
|''Angadipaattu''||Divya Prabha||Media One||TV series||
|-
|rowspan=3|2019||''[[Comedy Nights with Suraj]]''||Various roles||Zee Keralam||Comedy talk show||
|-
|''Thakarppan Comedy''||Various roles||Mazhavil Manorama||Comedy game show||
|-
|''Ayyappa Saranam''||Padmini||Amrita TV||TV series||
|-
|2019 {{endash}} 2020||''3 Kutties''||Raziya||Amrita TV||TV series||
|-
|Rowspan=2|2020

|''[[Funny Nights with Pearle Maaney]]''||Various roles||Zee Keralam||Comedy talk show<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/sneha-sreekumar-on-resuming-shoots-everything-seems-to-be-different-we-are-adapting-the-changes/articleshow/76709332.cms |title=Sneha Sreekumar on resuming shoots: Everything seems to be different, we are adapting the changes - Times of India |website=The Times of India|date=30 June 2020 }}</ref>||
|-
|''Nellikka''||Damayanthi||Kairali TV
|TV series<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/tv-couple-sneha-sreekumar-excited-for-the-soon-to-be-launched-nellikka/articleshow/76552456.cms |title=TV couple Sneha-Sreekumar excited for the soon-to-be-launched 'Nellikka' - Times of India |website=The Times of India|date=24 June 2020 }}</ref>||
|-
|Rowspan=2|2021
|''Red Carpet''||Mentor||Amrita TV
|Talk show
|
|-
|''Madhuram Shobhanam''||Raji||Zee Keralam||Special Show||
|-
|2022-2023|| ''Wife is Beautiful''|| Kumari||Zee Keralam|| TV series||
|-
|}
; TV Shows as guest/participant
{{colbegin}}
* ''Ashwamedham''
* ''Comedy Super Nite''
* ''Super Chef''
* ''Smart Show''
* ''JB Junction''
* ''Aanamalayile Aanappan''
* ''Charutha''
* ''Haritham Sundaram''
* ''[[Onnum Onnum Moonu]]''
* ''Let's Rock N Roll''
* ''Panam Tharum Padam''
* ''Super Kudumbam''
{{colend}}

==Theatre==
* ''Play Boy''
* ''Marimankanni''
* ''Spinal Cord''
* ''Hayavadana''
* ''Black Friday''
* ''Poovan Pazham''
* ''The Proposal''
* ''Chayamukhi''
* ''Pralaya Sougandhikam''
* ''Taj Mahal''
* ''Krishna'' (Music drama)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|7600011}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sreekumar, Sneha}}
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kerala]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Malayalam comedians]]
[[Category:Indian women comedians]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam television]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Artists from Kerala]]

Rudraprayag Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:20:01Z

DougHuonDeKermad: Adding a stub - done

{{short description|Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly constituency}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Rudraprayag
| type = SLA
| loksabha_cons = [[Garhwal Lok Sabha constituency|Garhwal]]
| constituency_no = 8
| map_image = Rudraprayag Assembly constituency map.svg
| state = Uttarakhand
| latest_election_year = 2022
| district = [[Rudraprayag]]
| established = 2002
| reservation = None
| mla = [[Bharat Singh Chaudhary]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| electors = {{formatnum:103675}} (2022)
}}

'''Rudraprayag ''' is one of the 70 electoral [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Uttarakhand]] state in [[India]]. It includes Rudraprayag area of Ruraprayag Tehsil<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news18.com/assembly-elections-2017/uttarakhand/rudraprayag-constituency-results/|title=Rudraprayag Assembly Elections Results, Assembly Election Dates (Schedule), News}}</ref> and is a part of [[Garhwal (Lok Sabha constituency)]]. As of 2022, its representative is Bharat Singh Chaudhary of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name=results2022/>{{update after|2027|4}}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[2002 Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly election|2002]] || rowspan=2 |[[Matbar Singh Kandari]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|-
| [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2012]] || [[Harak Singh Rawat]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2017]] || rowspan=2 | [[Bharat Singh Chaudhary]]|| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2022 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Rudraprayag<ref name=results2022>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2022 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615102703/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-date=15 June 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bharat Singh Chaudhary]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=29,660 |percentage=46.78% |change={{decrease}}3.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Pradeep Prasad Thapliyal|party=Indian National Congress|votes=19,858|percentage=31.32%|change={{increase}}6.19}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Matbar Singh Kandari]]|party=Independent politician|votes=4,838|percentage=7.63%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Mohit Dimri|party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal|votes=4,623|percentage=7.29%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sudhir Negi|party=Independent politician|votes=1,219|percentage=1.92%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the above|party=None of the above|votes=871|percentage=1.37%|change={{decrease}}0.79}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sudhir Rauthan|party=Communist Party of India|votes=694|percentage=1.09%|change={{decrease}}0.18}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Pyar Singh Negi|party=Aam Aadmi Party|votes=413|percentage=0.65%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Mahabir Singh Jagwan|party=Independent politician|votes=412|percentage=0.65%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Birendra Pratap Singh|party=Bahujan Mukti Party|votes=323|percentage=0.51%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,802 |percentage=15.46% |change= {{decrease}}9.56 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=63,397|percentage=59.89%|change={{increase}}0.61}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,05,849 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.29 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}3.37 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2017 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Rudraprayag<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2017 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630093109/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-date=30 June 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bharat Singh Chaudhary]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=29,333 |percentage=50.15% |change={{increase}}23.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Laxmi Singh Rana |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,701 |percentage=25.14% |change={{decrease}}3.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pradeep Prasad Thapliyal |party=Independent politician |votes=5,818 |percentage=9.95% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagmohan Singh Rauthan |party=Independent politician |votes=3,342 |percentage=5.71% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the above |party=None of the above |votes=1,266 |percentage=2.16% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surjeet Lal |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=801 |percentage=1.37% |change={{decrease}}1.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lalita Prasad |party=Communist Party of India |votes=746 |percentage=1.28% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagwati Prasad |party=Independent politician |votes=711 |percentage=1.22% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jai Om Prakash |party=Independent politician |votes=642 |percentage=1.10% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagdish Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=359 |percentage=0.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=14,632 |percentage=25.02% |change= {{increase}}22.53 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=58,488 |percentage=59.28% |change= {{decrease}}2.73 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 98,657 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.74 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}21.14 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2012 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Rudraprayag<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2012 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929115647/https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-date=29 September 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Harak Singh Rawat]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,469 |percentage=29.01% |change={{increase}}9.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Matbar Singh Kandari]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=14,143 |percentage=26.52% |change={{decrease}}7.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bharat Singh Chaudhary]] |party=Independent politician |votes=7,988 |percentage=14.98% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Arjun Singh |party=Uttarakhand Raksha Morcha |votes=6,331 |percentage=11.87% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Virendra Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=3,354 |percentage=6.29% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dheer Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,355 |percentage=2.54% |change={{decrease}}3.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kishori Nandan Dobhal |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=910 |percentage=1.71% |change={{decrease}}9.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kuldip Singh |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=720 |percentage=1.35% |change={{decrease}}1.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagwati Prasad |party=Independent politician |votes=717 |percentage=1.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kundan Lal |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=716 |percentage=1.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vijendra Prasad |party=Independent politician |votes=477 |percentage=0.89% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,326 |percentage=2.49% |change= {{decrease}}12.08 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=53,326 |percentage=62.02% |change= {{increase}}2.19 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 85,984 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}5.00 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2007 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Rudraprayag<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2007 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttarakhand |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/Stat_rept_2007_UT.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114082304/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/Stat_rept_2007_UT.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Matbar Singh Kandari]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=16,394 |percentage=34.01% |change={{decrease}}3.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Virendra Singh Butola |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,374 |percentage=19.45% |change={{decrease}}3.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bharat Singh Chaudhary]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=6,322 |percentage=13.11% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Srikrishna Bhatt |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=5,635 |percentage=11.69% |change={{increase}}3.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Beer Singh Rawat |party=Independent politician |votes=3,123 |percentage=6.48% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vikram Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,964 |percentage=6.15% |change={{decrease}}0.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Virendra Singh Bisht |party=Bharatiya Jan Shakti |votes=1,501 |percentage=3.11% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jaspal Singh |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=1,189 |percentage=2.47% |change={{increase}}0.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anand Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=688 |percentage=1.43% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Leela Nand Bahuguna |party=Vishwa Vikas Sangh |votes=572 |percentage=1.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mahaveer Singh |party=Samata Party |votes=445 |percentage=0.92% |change={{decrease}}3.53 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,020 |percentage=14.56% |change= {{increase}}0.14 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=48,207 |percentage=59.96% |change= {{increase}}9.51 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 80,571 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}3.64 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2002 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly election]]: Rudraprayag<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttarakhand |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_2002_UT.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114065248/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_2002_UT.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Matbar Singh Kandari]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=15,031 |percentage=37.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gajendra Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,275 |percentage=23.23% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shrikrishna |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=3,432 |percentage=8.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharma Lal |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,806 |percentage=7.03% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagwati Prasad |party=Independent politician |votes=2,313 |percentage=5.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kishori Nandan |party=Samata Party |votes=1,779 |percentage=4.46% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gulab Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,286 |percentage=3.22% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Badri Prashad Jasola |party=Uttarakhand Janwadi Party |votes=988 |percentage=2.47% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jaspal Singh |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=840 |percentage=2.10% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Umed Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=805 |percentage=2.02% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prem Prakash |party=Independent politician |votes=560 |percentage=1.40% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,756 |percentage=14.42% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=39,923 |percentage=50.34% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 79,328 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[Badri–Kedar (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)]]
*[[List of constituencies of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Rudraprayag district]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Uttarakhand Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/93-uttarakhand/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=17 January 2024}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/uttarakhand/assembly-constituencies/kedarnath.html |title=Kedarnath Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs}}
*{{cite web|url=http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_pc.aspx|title=ac_pc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619064401/http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_pc.aspx|archive-date=2009-06-19}}
*{{cite web|url=http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_detl.aspx |title=Assembly Constituencies|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201021552/http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_detl.aspx|archive-date=2010-12-01}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand}}

{{coord|30.28|78.98|display=title}}

[[Category:Rudraprayag district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:2002 establishments in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2002]]

2025 Baseball United season

2026-04-16T12:21:48Z

DougHuonDeKermad: made new entry first draft.

{{Short description|none}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox sports season
| title = 2025 Baseball United season
| color =
| color_text =
| league =
| sport = [[Baseball]]
| logo = 2025 Baseball United season logo.png
| pixels =
| caption =
| duration = {{Date range|2025|11|14|2025|12|14}}
| no_of_games =
| no_of_matches =
| no_of_teams = 4
| attendance =
| TV =
| streaming =
| draft =
| draft_link =
| top_pick =
| picked_by =
| season = United Series
| season_champs = [[Mid East Falcons]]
| season_champ_name =
| league_champs =
| league_champ_name =
| second_place = [[Mumbai Cobras]]
| minor_premiers =
| MVP =
| MVP_link =
| Cup_MVP =
| Cup_MVP_link =
| top_scorer =
| top_scorer_link =
| promote =
| promote_from =
| relegate =
| relegate_to =
| seasonslist =
| seasonslistnames =
| prevseason_link =
| prevseason_year =
| altseason_link =
| altseason_year =
| nextseason_link =
| nextseason_year =
}}
The '''2025 Baseball United season''' was held from 14 November to 14 December 2025. The best-of-three championship, called the United Series, featured the top two teams in the four-team league, played from 12 to 14 December. [[Mid East Falcons]] won the championship. This was the inaugural season of the [[Baseball United]].<ref>{{cite news |title=UAE's first baseball league announces schedule for opening season |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/sports/uaes-first-baseball-league-announces-schedule-for-opening-season |access-date=2 October 2025 |work=Khaleej Times |date=25 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

Following the season, founder Kash Shaikh stepped down.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Skodnick |first=Leif |date=2026-02-18 |title=Baseball United: Kash Shaikh Stepping Down As CEO On March 1, League ‘Will Continue Operations As Planned’ - World Baseball Network |url=https://worldbaseball.com/baseball-united-kash-shaikh-stepping-down-as-ceo-on-march-1-league-will-continue-operations-as-planned/ |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=World Baseball Network}}</ref>

==Teams==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+
!Team
!City
!Country
|-
! scope="row" | [[Mumbai Cobras]]
|[[Mumbai]]
|{{Flagicon|India}} [[India]]
|-
! scope="row" | [[Karachi Monarchs]]
|[[Karachi]]
|{{Flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]]
|-
! scope="row" | [[Dubai Wolves|Arabia Wolves]]
|[[Dubai]]
| rowspan="2" |{{Flagicon|UAE}} [[United Arab Emirates]]
|-
! scope="row" | [[Mid East Falcons]]
|[[Abu Dhabi]]
|-
|}

==Venue==
All games were played at the [[Baseball United Ballpark]] in [[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates.<ref>{{cite news |title=‘Bigger and bigger’: Baseball United inaugural season edges closer |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/2617526/sport |access-date=2 October 2025 |work=Arab News |date=2 October 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==Regular season==
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WL
|ranking_style=percentage
|for_against_style=runs
|show_GB =yes
|source =[https://www.baseballunited.com/schedule Baseball United]
|update = complete
|start_date=

|team_order=MID, MUM, ARA, KAR

|win_MUM=6 |loss_MUM=3 |gf_MUM=55 |ga_MUM=40
|win_KAR=2 |loss_KAR=7 |gf_KAR=27 |ga_KAR=58
|win_ARA=4 |loss_ARA=5 |gf_ARA=50 |ga_ARA=53
|win_MID=6 |loss_MID=3 |gf_MID=44 |ga_MID=25

|name_MUM=[[Mumbai Cobras]]
|name_KAR=[[Karachi Monarchs]]
|name_ARA=[[Arabia Wolves]]
|name_MID=[[Mid East Falcons]]

|result1=US |result2=US

|res_col_header=Q
|col_US=green1 |text_US=United Series
}}

{{Baseballbox
|date = 14 November 2025
|time = 20:00 ([[UTC+04:00]])
|round =
|team1 = [[Karachi Monarchs]]
|team1wp = Alex Dubord (1–0)
|team1sp = [[Enrique Burgos (baseball, born 1990)|Enrique Burgos]] (1)
|team1hr = Pavin Parks 2 (2)
|score = 6–4
|boxurl = https://united.cloudgfx.com/juego/10326
|team2 = [[Mumbai Cobras]]
|team2lp = [[Akeel Morris]] (0–1)
|team2hr = Lou Helmig (1)
|stadium = [[Baseball United Ballpark]], [[Dubai]], UAE
|attendance =
|umpire = Zdenek Zidek
}}
----
{{Baseballbox
|date = 15 November 2025
|time = 20:00 ([[UTC+04:00]])
|round =
|team1 = [[Mumbai Cobras]]
|team1wp = Brandon Kaminer (1–0)
|team1hr =
|score = 8–4
|boxurl = https://united.cloudgfx.com/juego/10327
|team2 = [[Karachi Monarchs]]
|team2lp = [[Franklin van Gurp]] (0–1)
|team2hr =
|stadium = [[Baseball United Ballpark]], [[Dubai]], UAE
|attendance =
|umpire = Jair Fernandez
}}
----
{{Baseballbox
|date = 16 November 2025
|time = 16:00 ([[UTC+04:00]])
|round =
|team1 = [[Karachi Monarchs]]
|team1lp = Konsta Kurikka (0–1)
|team1hr =
|score = 2–9
|boxurl = https://united.cloudgfx.com/juego/10328
|team2 = [[Mumbai Cobras]]
|team2wp = Chase Gearing (1–0)
|team2hr = Caleb McNeely (1), Miguel Ojeda Jr. (1)
|stadium = [[Baseball United Ballpark]], [[Dubai]], UAE
|attendance =
|umpire = Frantisek Pribyl
}}
----
{{Baseballbox
|date = 18 November 2025
|time = 19:00 ([[UTC+04:00]])
|round =
|team1 = [[Mumbai Cobras]]
|team1wp = Tushar Lalwani (1–0)
|team1hr =
|score = 5–3
|boxurl = https://united.cloudgfx.com/juego/10329
|team2 = [[Arabia Wolves]]
|team2lp = Sean Fekete (0–1)
|team2hr =
|stadium = [[Baseball United Ballpark]], [[Dubai]], UAE
|attendance =
|umpire = Humberto Saiz
}}
----
{{Baseballbox
|date = 19 November 2025
|time = 19:00 ([[UTC+04:00]])
|round =
|team1 = [[Mid East Falcons]]
|team1wp = [[Kazuki Yabuta]] (1–0)
|team1sp = [[Severino González]] (1)
|score = 2–0
|boxurl = https://united.cloudgfx.com/juego/10330
|team2 = [[Karachi Monarchs]]
|team2lp = Mark Simon (0–1)
|stadium = [[Baseball United Ballpark]], [[Dubai]], UAE
|attendance =
|umpire = Zdenek Zidek
}}
----
{{Baseballbox
|date = 20 November 2025
|time = 19:00 ([[UTC+04:00]])
|round =
|team1 = [[Arabia Wolves]]
|team1lp = Blake Purnell (0–1)
|team1hr = Noah Marcelo (1), [[Christiaan Beyers (baseball)|Christiaan Beyers]] (1), Jacob Teter (1)
|score = 6–13
|boxurl = https://united.cloudgfx.com/juego/10331
|team2 = [[Mumbai Cobras]]
|team2wp = Akshay More (1–0)
|team2hr = Lou Helmig (2), Caleb McNeely 2 (3)
|stadium = [[Baseball United Ballpark]], [[Dubai]], UAE
|attendance =
|umpire = Jair Fernandez
}}
----
{{Baseballbox
|date = 21 November 2025
|time = 20:00 ([[UTC+04:00]])
|round =
|team1 = [[Karachi Monarchs]]
|team1lp = Scott Ellis (0–1)
|score = 1–9
|boxurl = https://united.cloudgfx.com/juego/10333?option=boxscore
|team2 = [[Mid East Falcons]]
|team2wp = [[Kodai Hamaya]] (1–0)
|team2hr = [[Shuhei Fukuda]] (1)
|stadium = [[Baseball United Ballpark]], [[Dubai]], UAE
|attendance =
|umpire = Frantisek Pribyl
}}
----
{{Baseballbox
|date = 22 November 2025
|time = 19:00 ([[UTC+04:00]])
|round =
|team1 = [[Mumbai Cobras]]
|team1lp = [[Akeel Morris]] (0–2)
|team1hr = Raul Shah (1)
|score = 6–9
|boxurl = https://united.cloudgfx.com/juego/10334?option=boxscore
|team2 = [[Arabia Wolves]]
|team2wp = Reese Miller (1–0)
|team2hr = Taylor Darden 2 (2), Noah Marcelo (1)
|stadium = [[Baseball United Ballpark]], [[Dubai]], UAE
|attendance =
|umpire = Humberto Saiz
}}
----
{{Baseballbox
|date = 23 November 2025
|time = 16:00 ([[UTC+04:00]])
|round =
|team1 = [[Mid East Falcons]]
|team1lp = Shotaro Nakata (0–1)
|team1hr = [[Shuhei Fukuda]] (2)
|score = 3–5
|boxurl = https://united.cloudgfx.com/juego/10335?option=boxscore
|team2 = [[Karachi Monarchs]]
|team2wp = Isaac Milburn (1–0)
|team2sp = [[Enrique Burgos (baseball, born 1990)|Enrique Burgos]] (2)
|stadium = [[Baseball United Ballpark]], [[Dubai]], UAE
|attendance =
|umpire = Zdenek Zidek
}}
----
{{Baseballbox
|date = 25 November 2025
|time = 19:00 ([[UTC+04:00]])
|round =
|team1 = [[Mumbai Cobras]]
|team1wp = Akshay More (1–0)
|team1sp = [[Akeel Morris]] (1)
|score = 1–0
|boxurl = https://united.cloudgfx.com/juego/10336?option=boxscore
|team2 = [[Mid East Falcons]]
|team2lp = [[Kazuki Yabuta]] (1–1)
|stadium = [[Baseball United Ballpark]], [[Dubai]], UAE
|attendance =
|umpire = Jair Fernandez
}}
----
{{Baseballbox
|date = 26 November 2025
|time = 19:00 ([[UTC+04:00]])
|round =
|team1 = [[Karachi Monarchs]]
|team1lp = Mark Simon (0–2)
|team1hr = Max Jung-Goldberg (1)
|score = 3–11
|boxurl = https://united.cloudgfx.com/juego/10337?option=boxscore
|team2 = [[Arabia Wolves]]
|team2wp = Sean Fekete (1–1)
|stadium = [[Baseball United Ballpark]], [[Dubai]], UAE
|attendance =
|umpire = Humberto Saiz
}}
----
{{Baseballbox
|date = 2 December 2025
|time = 19:00 ([[UTC+04:00]])
|round =
|team1 = [[Mid East Falcons]]
|team1wp =
|team1hr =
|score = 7–3
|boxurl =https://www.baseballunited.com/schedule/season-one/game-twelve-box-score
|team2 = [[Mumbai Cobras]]
|team2lp =
|team2hr =
|stadium = [[Baseball United Ballpark]], [[Dubai]], UAE
|attendance =
|umpire =
}}
----
{{Baseballbox
|date = 3 December 2025
|time = 19:00 ([[UTC+04:00]])
|round =
|team1 = [[Arabia Wolves]]
|team1wp =
|team1hr =
|score = 5–4
|boxurl =https://www.baseballunited.com/schedule/season-one/game-thirteen-box-score
|team2 = [[Karachi Monarchs]]
|team2lp =
|team2hr =
|stadium = [[Baseball United Ballpark]], [[Dubai]], UAE
|attendance =
|umpire =
}}
----
{{Baseballbox
|date = 4 December 2025
|time = 19:00 ([[UTC+04:00]])
|round =
|team1 = [[Mumbai Cobras]]
|team1wp =
|team1hr =
|score = 6–3
|boxurl =https://www.baseballunited.com/schedule/season-one/game-fourteen-box-score
|team2 = [[Mid East Falcons]]
|team2lp =
|team2hr =
|stadium = [[Baseball United Ballpark]], [[Dubai]], UAE
|attendance =
|umpire =
}}
----
{{Baseballbox
|date = 5 December 2025
|time = 20:00 ([[UTC+04:00]])
|round =
|team1 = [[Karachi Monarchs]]
|team1wp =
|team1hr =
|score = 2–7
|boxurl =https://www.baseballunited.com/schedule/season-one/game-fifteen-box-score
|team2 = [[Arabia Wolves]]
|team2lp =
|team2hr =
|stadium = [[Baseball United Ballpark]], [[Dubai]], UAE
|attendance =
|umpire =
}}
----
{{Baseballbox
|date = 6 December 2025
|time = 15:00 ([[UTC+04:00]])
|round =
|team1 = [[Mid East Falcons]]
|team1wp =
|team1hr =
|score = 9–5
|boxurl =https://www.baseballunited.com/schedule/season-one/game-sixteen-box-score
|team2 = [[Arabia Wolves]]
|team2lp =
|team2hr =
|stadium = [[Baseball United Ballpark]], [[Dubai]], UAE
|attendance =
|umpire =
}}
----
{{Baseballbox
|date = 6 December 2025
|time = 19:00 ([[UTC+04:00]])
|round =
|team1 = [[Arabia Wolves]]
|team1wp =
|team1hr =
|score = 2–8
|boxurl =https://www.baseballunited.com/schedule/season-one/game-seventeen-box-score
|team2 = [[Mid East Falcons]]
|team2lp =
|team2hr =
|stadium = [[Baseball United Ballpark]], [[Dubai]], UAE
|attendance =
|umpire =
}}
----
{{Baseballbox
|date = 7 December 2025
|time = 16:00 ([[UTC+04:00]])
|round =
|team1 = [[Mid East Falcons]]
|team1wp =
|team1hr =
|score = 3–2
|boxurl =https://www.baseballunited.com/schedule/season-one/game-eighteen-box-score
|team2 = [[Arabia Wolves]]
|team2lp =
|team2hr =
|stadium = [[Baseball United Ballpark]], [[Dubai]], UAE
|attendance =
|umpire =
}}

==United Series==
[[Munenori Kawasaki]] was named the most valuable player of the United Series, won by the [[Mid East Falcons]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-21 |title=Munenori Kawasaki Shines in Baseball United |url=https://japanball.com/japanese-baseball-news/npb-newsletter/munenori-kawasaki-shines-in-dubais-baseball-united/ |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=JapanBall}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-19 |title=Mid East Falcons Crowned Baseball United Champions as Zee |url=https://pressroom.in/mid-east-falcons-crowned-baseball-united-champions-as/ |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=pressroom.in}}</ref>{{2TeamBracket-Info
| legs=3
| RD1 = United Series (best-of-three)
| RD1-seed1 =1
| RD1-team1 = '''[[Mid East Falcons]]'''
| RD1-score1-1 =1
| RD1-score1-2 = '''5'''
| RD1-score1-3 = '''8'''

| RD2 =
| RD1-seed2 =2
| RD1-team2 =[[Mumbai Cobras]]
| RD1-score2-1 ='''3'''
| RD1-score2-2 =1
| RD1-score2-3 = 1
}}

===Games===
{{Baseballbox
|date = 12 December 2025
|time = 20:00 ([[UTC+04:00]])
|round = Game 1
|team1 = [[Mid East Falcons]]
|team1wp =
|team1hr =
|score = 1–3
|boxurl =https://www.baseballunited.com/schedule/season-one/united-series-game-one-box-score
|team2 = [[Mumbai Cobras]]
|team2lp =
|team2hr =
|stadium = [[Baseball United Ballpark]], [[Dubai]], UAE
|attendance =
|umpire =
}}
----
{{Baseballbox
|date = 13 December 2025
|time = 20:00 ([[UTC+04:00]])
|round = Game 2
|team1 = [[Mumbai Cobras]]
|team1wp =
|team1hr =
|score = 1–5
|boxurl =https://www.baseballunited.com/schedule/season-one/united-series-game-two-box-score
|team2 = [[Mid East Falcons]]
|team2lp =
|team2hr =
|stadium = [[Baseball United Ballpark]], [[Dubai]], UAE
|attendance =
|umpire =
}}
----
{{Baseballbox
|date = 14 December 2025
|time = 16:00 ([[UTC+04:00]])
|round = Game 3
|team1 = [[Mid East Falcons]]
|team1wp =
|team1hr =
|score = 8–1
|boxurl =https://www.baseballunited.com/schedule/season-one/united-series-game-three-box-score
|team2 = [[Mumbai Cobras]]
|team2lp =
|team2hr =
|stadium = [[Baseball United Ballpark]], [[Dubai]], UAE
|attendance =
|umpire =
}}

==League leaders==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Hitting leaders<ref name="stats">{{cite web |title=Stats |url=https://www.baseballunited.com/stats |website=Baseball United |access-date=8 December 2025}}</ref>
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Stat
! Player
! Team
! style="width:15%;"| Total
|-
| [[Batting average (baseball)|AVG]] || {{flagicon|JAP}} [[Hiroyuki Nakajima]]||[[Mid East Falcons|Mid East]] || .425
|-
| [[Home run|HR]] || {{flagicon|USA}} Caleb McNeely Miguel Ojeda Jr.|| [[Mumbai Cobras|Mumbai]]|| 3
|-
| [[Run batted in|RBI]] || {{flagicon|ITA}} Federico Celli || [[Mid East Falcons|Mid East]] || 13
|-
| [[Run (baseball)|R]] || {{flagicon|USA}} Caleb McNeely || [[Mumbai Cobras|Mumbai]] || 11
|-
| [[Hit (baseball)|H]] || {{flagicon|JAP}} [[Hiroyuki Nakajima]] || [[Mumbai Cobras|Mumbai]] || 15
|-
| [[Stolen base|SB]] || {{flagicon|JAP}} Yo Kanahara || [[Mid East Falcons|Mid East]] || 6
|-
| [[Slugging percentage|SLG]] || {{flagicon|POL}} Hubert Zgórzyński || [[Arabia Wolves|Arabia]] || .667
|-
| [[On-base plus slugging|OPS]] || {{flagicon|USA}} Jacob Teter || [[Arabia Wolves|Arabia]] || 1.171
|}
{{col-2}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Pitching leaders<ref name="stats" />
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Stat
! Player
! Team
! style="width:15%;"| Total
|-
| [[Win (baseball)|W]] || colspan=2 | ''Four tied with''{{efn|[[Kazuki Yabuta]] (MDE), Akshay More (MUM), Shuto Sakurai (MDE), Chandler Woolridge (MUM)}} || 2
|-
| [[Earned run average|ERA]] || |{{flagicon|JAP}} [[Shotaro Kasahara]]|| [[Mid East Falcons|Mid East]] || 0.00 in {{fraction|13|2|3}} innings
|-
| [[Strikeout|K]] || {{flagicon|JAP}} [[Kazuki Yabuta]] || [[Mid East Falcons|Mid East]] || 32
|-
| [[Innings pitched|IP]] || {{flagicon|JAP}} [[Kazuki Yabuta]] || [[Mid East Falcons|Mid East]] || {{fraction|26|1|3}}
|-
| [[Save (baseball)|SV]] || {{flagicon|USA}} [[Akeel Morris]] ||[[Mumbai Cobras|Mumbai]] || 3
|-
| [[Walks plus hits per inning pitched|WHIP]] || {{flagicon|USA}} Dylan Spain || [[Mumbai Cobras|Mumbai]] || 0.25
|}
{{col-end}}

{{notelist}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Baseball United}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:2025 Baseball United season}}
[[Category:Baseball United]]
[[Category:2025 in Emirati sport|Baseball]]
[[Category:2025 in Indian sport|Baseball]]
[[Category:2025 in Pakistani sport|Baseball]]
[[Category:2025 in baseball|Baseball United season]]

Tony Fernandes (politician)

2026-04-16T08:36:49Z

DougHuonDeKermad: added.

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Tony Fernandes
| image = Tony Fernandes (politician).jpg
| image_size = 150px
| caption = Official portrait in 1963
| birth_place = [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]]
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata1 = [[Dayanand Bandodkar]]
| governor1 = [[M. R. Sachdev]]
| office1 = Minister of Law, Labour, Industries and Agriculture [[Government of Goa|Government of Goa, Daman and Diu]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tgceAQAAIAAJ&dq=Tony+Fernandes+1963&pg=PA416|title=Year of Freedom|first=Indian National|last=Congress|date=6 November 1963|via=Google Books}}</ref>
| term_start1 = 20 December 1963<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfvoAAAAMAAJ&q=Tony+Fernandes+1963+mla | title=New Era | year=1965 }}</ref>
| term_end1 = 1967
| death_date = Unknown
| party = [[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]] (June 1963–1967)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lJ2KAAAAMAAJ&q=Tony+Fernandes+1963|title=Party and Democracy in India|first=S. N.|last=Sadasivan|date=6 November 1977|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill|isbn=9780070965911 |via=Google Books}}</ref>
| term_start2 = 1963
| term_end2 = 1967
| office2 = [[Goa Legislative Assembly|Member of Goa Legislative Assembly]]
| occupation = Politician
| constituency2 = [[Sanguem Assembly constituency|Sanguem]]
| predecessor2 = ''constituency established''
| successor2 = [[Vasudev Morajkar]]
| other_party = [[Indian National Congress]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHpuAAAAMAAJ&q=Tony+Fernandes+1963|title=Cabinet Government in Goa, 1961-1993: A Chronicled Analysis of 30 Years of Government and Politics in Goa|first=Aureliano|last=Fernandes|date=6 November 1997|publisher=Maureen & Camvet Publishers|via=Google Books}}</ref>
| cabinet = Minister
| nickname = {{plainlist|
* Sebastião Fernandes
* Sabastyan}}
| portfolio = {{plainlist|
* Law
* Labour
* Industries
* Agriculture}}
}}

'''Tony Fernandes''' also known as '''Sebastião Fernandes''' or '''Sabastyan''',<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lBoPAQAAIAAJ&q=Tony+Fernandes+1963 |title=Bhārata Kā Rājapatra: The Gazette of India |date=1963 |publisher=Controller of Publications |language=en}}</ref> was an Indian politician. He was a former member of the [[Goa Legislative Assembly]], representing the [[Sanguem Assembly constituency]] from 1963 to 1967. He also served as a cabinet minister in the first [[Dayanand Bandodkar]] ministry.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Goa Legislative Assembly |url=https://www.goavidhansabha.gov.in/member_detail.php?mem_id=214#elections-results |access-date=2022-11-05 |website=www.goavidhansabha.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Times |first1=Navhind |date=2022-04-10 |title=Finally, Sanguem gets a cabinet minister |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2022/04/11/opinions/opinion/finally-sanguem-gets-a-cabinet-minister/ |access-date=2022-11-05 |website=The Navhind Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Nag |first1=Sajal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w3UMAQAAMAAJ&q=Tony+Fernandes+1963+sanguem+constituency |title=Making of the Indian Union: Merger of Princely States and Excluded Areas |last2=Gurung |first2=Tejimala |last3=Choudhury |first3=Abhijit |date=2007 |publisher=Akansha Publishing House |isbn=978-81-8370-110-5 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Diu (India) |first=Goa, Daman and |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ch0bkzj3ja8C&q=Tony+Fernandes+1963+sanguem+constituency |title=Government Gazette. Boletim Oficial |date=1964 |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
Fernandes was a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) before contesting the [[Goa Legislative Assembly]] elections. He left INC to join [[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]] and contested in the [[1963 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election]] and emerged victorious, he served for five years from 1963 to 1967.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Diu (India) |first=Goa, Daman and |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-8iY4iHdGRsC&q=Tony+Fernandes+1963 |title=Government Gazette. Boletim Oficial |date=April 1964 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tUoKAQAAIAAJ&q=Tony+Fernandes+1963+sanguem+constituency |title=State Politics in India |date=1976 |publisher=Meenakshi Prakashan |language=en}}</ref>

Fernandes was made the [[cabinet minister]] in the first [[Dayanand Bandodkar]] ministry on 20 December 1963 and was allotted Law, Labour, Industries and Agriculture as portfolios.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u3tDAAAAYAAJ&q=Tony+Fernandes+Sanguem |title=India, a Reference Annual |date=1964 |publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fernandes, Tony}}
[[Category:Politicians from South Goa district]]
[[Category:Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party politicians]]
[[Category:Goa, Daman and Diu MLAs 1963–1967]]

Muslim Students Federation (Indian Union Muslim League)

2026-04-16T00:44:31Z

DougHuonDeKermad: Put Up A Entry W/ Sources...

{{pp|small=yes}}
{{short description|Student organisation in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox political youth organization
|name = Muslim Students Federation
|logo = Msf_flag.jpg
|colorcode = {{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}
|founded = 1 September 1937
|headquarters = [[Chennai]]
|mother party = [[Indian Union Muslim League]]
|website =
* {{URL|https://www.msfindia.net}}
* {{URL|msfindia.net}}
| abbreviation = '''M S F'''
| founder = [[M. Muhammad Ismail]]
| founding_location = [[Chennai]] ([[India]])
| president =PV Ahmed Saju
| treasurer =Ateeb Khan
| secretary2 =S. H. Muhammed Arshad
|
}}

[[File:Muslim Students Federation (I. U. M. L.) National Conference in 2016 (Kerala).jpg|thumb|right|Community leader [[Sayed Hyderali Shihab Thangal]] in an MSF event in [[Kerala]]]][[File:APJ Abdul Kalam on msf Stage.jpg|alt=APJ ABDUL KALAM|thumb|Former president of INDIA DR APJ Abdul Kalam inaugurating Muslim Students Federation Campus Conference in 2011 at Calicut|260x260px]]
[[File:Medha_Patkar_at_MSF_stage.jpg|thumb|right|Activist [[Medha Patkar]] on an MSF at JNU|260x260px]]

The '''Muslim Students Federation''' ('''MSF''') is the student wing of the [[Indian Union Muslim League]] party which is based in [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Osella |first1=Filippo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7V6CBgAAQBAJ |title=Islamic Reform in South Asia |last2=Osella |first2=Caroline |date=2013-05-16 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-27667-3 |pages=154 |language=}}</ref>

MSF is principally active in Kerala universities and college campuses. P.V Ahmed Saju and S. H. Muhammed Arshad currently serve as the National President and National General Secretary of the MSF.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 June 2022 |title=IUML Protests Against detention of Basheer in Kanpur |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/iuml-protests-against-detention-of-basheer-in-kanpur/article65515117.ece}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=19 December 2020 |title='U. D. F. ne League Niyanthrichal Thanikku Enthanu Prashnam Mr. Pinarayi Vijayan?'; Marupadiyumayi M. S. F. Deshiya Vice President |url=https://www.mediaoneonline.com/kerala/2020/12/19/msf-national-vice-president-slam-cm-pinarayi-vijayan |website=Media One}}</ref>

Muslim Students Federation is the largest Muslim students organisation in [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Arafath |first=P. K. Yasser |date=2014 |title=Should Muslims Fear the Kiss? Body as Resistance in the Times of Hindutva |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24481052 |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=49 |issue=49 |pages=36 |jstor=24481052 |issn=0012-9976}}</ref> Indian Union Muslim League leaders [[C. H. Mohammed Koya]], Minister of Education in various [[Kerala|Kerala Governments]] and [[E. Ahamed]], Union Minister of State, [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]], were associated with the Muslim Students Federation.<ref name=":0">Miller, E. Roland. "Mappila Muslim Culture" State University of New York Press, Albany (2015); p. 235–36</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Koodallur |first=Musthafa |date=1 February 2017 |title=Gujarat or Kashmir, Ahamed Never Minced his Words |work=Malayala Manorama |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/e-ahamed-died-profile-milestones-in-life-gujrat-kashmir-issues.html}}</ref>

[[File:Msf Great Students Rally at calicut.jpg|thumb|Muslim Students Federation march in [[Kozhikode]]
|260x260px]]

== Notable former members ==
* [[C. H. Mohammed Koya]], former Chief Minister in Kerala
* [[E. Ahamed]], former Union Minister of State, [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]]
* [[K. M. Kader Mohideen]], national President Indian Union Muslim League, Former Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha)
* [[P. K. Kunhalikutty]], former Minister for Industries in Kerala
* [[E. T. Mohammed Basheer]], former Minister of Education in Kerala

==Related Organisations==
*[[Muslim Students Federation (Kerala unit)]]
*[[Haritha (organisation)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}{{Indian Union Muslim League}}

[[Category:Student organisations in India]]
[[Category:1948 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Student organizations established in 1948]]
[[Category:Indian Union Muslim League]]
[[Category:Volunteer organisations in India]]
[[Category:Student wings of conservative parties]]
[[Category:Youth wings of conservative parties]]

Pipariya Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T02:13:37Z

DougHuonDeKermad: Adding new article - done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Pipariya
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 139
| map_image = 139-Pipariya.svg
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Hoshangabad district|Hoshangabad]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Hoshangabad Lok Sabha constituency|Hoshangabad]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = SC
| mla = [[Thakurdas Nagwanshi]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = Arjun Paliya
}}
'''Pipariya''' is one of the 230 constituencies in the [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]],<ref>[http://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/pipariya.html Elections In]</ref> a central state of [[India]]. [[Pipariya, Hoshangabad|Pipariya]] is also part of [[Hoshangabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hoshangabad Lok Sabha constituency]]. It is a reserved seat for the Scheduled Caste (SC).<ref name="ceo">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|pages=227, 250}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|Narayan Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Ratan Kumari]]
|-
|[[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
|[[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
|[[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|[[Ram Chandra Maheshwari]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Savita Banerjee
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)|dab=y}}
|-
|[[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Tribhuvan Yadav
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Murli Dhar Maheshwari
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|Suresh Rai
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|Harishankar Jaiswal
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
| Arjun Paliya
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name=election2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3739-madhya-pradesh-2008/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 December 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
| rowspan=4 | [[Thakurdas Nagwanshi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3740-madhya-pradesh-2013/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 December 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|-
|[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name=election2018/>
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2023 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=26 January 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Pipariya<ref name="election2023"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Thakurdas Nagwanshi]]
|votes = {{formatnum:107372}}
|percentage = 55.09
|change = +5.12
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Veerendra Belwanshi
|votes = {{formatnum:76849}}
|percentage = 39.43
|change = +0.18
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Pratibha Ahirwar
|votes = {{formatnum:3372}}
|percentage = 1.73
|change = +0.26
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2859}}
|percentage = 1.47
|change = -0.8
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:30523}}
|percentage = 15.66
|change = +4.94
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:194908}}
|percentage = 84.44
|change = +2.7
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Pipariya<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Thakurdas Nagwanshi]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:84521}}
|percentage = 49.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Harish Tularam Beman (Mehra)
|votes = {{formatnum:66391}}
|percentage = 39.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|candidate = Nanhelal Rohar Vanshkar
|votes = {{formatnum:5353}}
|percentage = 3.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Brajesh Arya
|votes = {{formatnum:2491}}
|percentage = 1.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Sanjay Kori
|votes = {{formatnum:2026}}
|percentage = 1.2
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Republican Party of India (Athawale)
|candidate = Kadhorilal Goliya
|votes = {{formatnum:1632}}
|percentage = 0.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3842}}
|percentage = 2.27
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:18130}}
|percentage = 10.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:169153}}
|percentage = 81.74
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==

* Pipariya,Narmadapuram
* [[List of constituencies of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Narmadapuram]]

==References==

{{reflist}}

{{coord|22.761|78.349|display=title}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Hoshangabad]]
[[Category:Hoshangabad district]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]

Balaghat Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:53:42Z

DougHuonDeKermad: made some details w/ sources

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Balaghat
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 111
| map_image = 111-Balaghat.svg
| mla = [[Anubha Munjare]]
| party = {{party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[Gaurishankar Bisen]]
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Balaghat district|Balaghat]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Balaghat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Balaghat]]
| established = 1957
}}
'''Balaghat Assembly constituency''' is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]].<ref name="election2013">{{cite web|title=Madhya Pradesh 2013|url=http://www.myneta.info/mp2013/index.php?action=show_candidates&constituency_id=175|website=myneta.info|publisher=National Election Watch|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="election2018">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies|url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/se98/background/S12/ListACs-MP.html|website=eci.nic.in|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="election2018-1">{{cite web|title=Vidhansabha Seats|url=http://www.electionsinindia.com/madhyapradesh/statepc.aspx|website=electionsininda.com|publisher=Election In India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref>

It is part of [[Balaghat District]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|Kanhaiya Lal
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}
|-
|[[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<ref name="election1957">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3728-madhya-pradesh-1957/ |title=Madhya Pradesh Assembly Election, 1957 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref>
| rowspan="5" |[[Nandkishore Jairaj Sharma]]
|-
|[[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
|[[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
|[[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|-
|[[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<ref name="election1980">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3733-madhya-pradesh-1980/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref>
|Surendra Nath Khare
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)|dab=y}}
|-
|[[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<ref name="election1985">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3734-madhya-pradesh-1985/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" | [[Gaurishankar Bisen]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<ref name="election1990">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3735-madhya-pradesh-1990/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]<ref name="election1993">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3736-madhya-pradesh-1993/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=22 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]<ref name="election1998">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3737-madhya-pradesh-1998/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=22 December 2021}}</ref>
|Ashok Singh Sarswar
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]<ref name="election2003">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3738-madhya-pradesh-2003/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2003 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=22 December 2021}}</ref>
| rowspan="4" | [[Gaurishankar Bisen]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|| [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name="election2008">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3739-madhya-pradesh-2008/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=22 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
|| [[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<ref name="election2013-1">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3740-madhya-pradesh-2013/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=22 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
|| [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name="election2018-2">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<ref name="Madya Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2023 - Balaghat">{{cite news |date=3 December 2023 |title=Madya Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2023 - Balaghat |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S12111.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250305081801/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S12111.htm |archivedate=5 March 2025 |accessdate=5 March 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Balaghat Constituency Election Results 2023">{{cite news |date=3 December 2023 |title=Balaghat Constituency Election Results 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/madhya-pradesh/constituency-show/balaghat |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250305081805/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/madhya-pradesh/constituency-show/balaghat |archivedate=5 March 2025 |accessdate=5 March 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
| [[Anubha Munjare]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Balaghat<ref name="Madya Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2023 - Balaghat"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Anubha Munjare]]
|votes = {{formatnum:108770}}
|percentage = 54.83
|change = +38.46
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Gaurishankar Bisen]]
|votes = {{formatnum:79575}}
|percentage = 40.11
|change = -1.8
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ajey Vishal Bisen
|votes = {{formatnum:2250}}
|percentage = 1.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:534}}
|percentage = 0.27
|change = -0.22
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:29195}}
|percentage = 14.72
|change = -1.05
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:198375}}
|percentage = 85.04
|change = +5.34
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Balaghat<ref name=election2018 name="election2018-3">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="election2018"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Gaurishankar Bisen]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:73476}}
|percentage = 41.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Anubha Munjare]]
|votes = {{formatnum:45822}}
|percentage = 26.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Vishveshwar Bhagat
|votes = {{formatnum:28701}}
|percentage = 16.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Anurag Chaturmohta (Montu Bhaiya)
|votes = {{formatnum:17113}}
|percentage = 9.76
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Yogesh Samrite
|votes = {{formatnum:2704}}
|percentage = 1.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:861}}
|percentage = 0.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:27654}}
|percentage = 15.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:175314}}
|percentage = 79.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Balaghat]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coords|21.81|80.19|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Balaghat district]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

Shamsheer Vayalil

2026-04-13T15:35:15Z

DougHuonDeKermad: stub.

{{short description|Indian physician, entrepreneur and philanthropist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Shamsheer Vayalil
| image = Dr. Shamsheer Vayalil.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1977|01|11|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kozhikode]], [[Kerala]], India
| occupation = {{csv|business tycoon
|[[radiology|radiologist]]}}
| known_for = Founder, VPS Healthcare
| awards = [[Pravasi Bharatiya Samman]] (2014)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mea.gov.in/images/pdf/pbsa-awardees-2014.pdf|title=Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award 2014|access-date=22 June 2023 | website=www.mea.gov.in}}</ref>
| relatives = [[M. A. Yusuff Ali]] (father-in-law)
| spouse = Shabeena Ali
| children = 4
| title =
| education = [[Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore]] ([[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|MBBS]]) [[Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute]] (MD)
| website = {{URL|www.drshamsheer.com}}
}}

'''Shamsheer Vayalil Parambath''' (born 11 January 1977) is an Indian [[Radiology|radiologist]] and businessman. He is the founder and chairman of Burjeel Holdings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://burjeelholdings.com/about-us/|title=About Us|website=Burjeel Holdings}}</ref> {{As of|April 2023|post=,}} Vayalil has a net worth of US$2.4 billion. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/shamsheer-vayalil/|title=Shamsheer Vayalil|website=Forbes}}</ref>

==Early life==
Vayalil was born on 11 January 1977 in [[Kozhikode]], [[Kerala]], India.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |last1=Karmali |first1=Naazneen |date=1 February 2018 |title=Indian-Born Middle East Billionaire Shamsheer Vayalil Joins The Giving Pledge |work=Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/naazneenkarmali/2018/02/01/indian-born-middle-east-billionaire-shamsheer-vayalil-joins-the-giving-pledge/#16feda812a98 |access-date=3 November 2018}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name="india-times" /> His parents are Hashim Pokkinari and Mariyam Barakkool.<ref name="international-indian">{{Cite news |last=Fernandes |first=Armenia |date=16 March 2014 |title=Dr Shamsheer Vayalil Parambath: A Remarkable Journey of Success. |work=The International Indian |url=http://www.tii.ae/pdfs/21.1.pdf |access-date=28 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211175243/http://www.tii.ae/pdfs/21.1.pdf |archive-date=11 February 2015}}</ref>

After his schooling, he pursued a [[MBBS]] at [[Kasturba Medical College, Manipal]], then obtained his [[Doctor of Medicine|MD]] in [[radiology]] from [[Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute]], [[Chennai]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/how-shamsheer-vayalil-built-vps-healthcare-into-a-1-billion-global-firm/|title=How Shamsheer Vayalil Built VPS into a $1 Billion Global Firm|last1=Economics|first1=Health|last2=Podcasts|website=Knowledge@Wharton|language=en|access-date=16 June 2019|last3=Video|last4=Arabic|last5=Focus|first5=Global|last6=Africa|first6=Middle East &}}</ref>

==Career==
Vayalil was a radiologist for 12 months at Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE. In 2007, he opened his first hospital – LLH Hospital in Abu Dhabi. Over the next twelve years, his company VPS Healthcare started 20 hospitals in three countries and now has over 23 medical centres and about 13,000 employees in the Middle East and
Vayalil is a member of the UAE Medical Council{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}. He was a member of the advisory committee of the University of Sharjah College of Medicine. He is on the board of directors of Kannur International Airport Ltd.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Kannur International Airport |url=https://kannurairport.aero/ |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=kannurairport.aero |language=en}}</ref>

==Philanthropy==
Vayalil contributed AED 5 million to the Emirates Red Crescent to join global relief efforts in supporting those affected by the devastating earthquakes that hit Turkey and Syria in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/business/corporate-news/uae-entrepreneur-dr-shamsheer-vayalil-donates-dh5-million-towards-earthquake-relief-in-turkey-and-syria-1.1676363409511|title=UAE entrepreneur Dr Shamsheer Vayalil donates Dh5 million towards earthquake relief in Turkey and Syria|date=14 February 2023|website=gulfnews.com}}</ref>

==Non-resident Indian voting rights==
[[File:Pranab Mukherjee presented the Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Awards, at the Valedictory Session of the 12th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas ‘Engaging Diaspora Connecting Across Generation’ (3).jpg|thumb|Shamsheer Vayalil receives Pravasi Bharatiya Samman]]

In April 2014, Vayalil filed a petition in the [[Supreme Court of India]] in connection with [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|non-resident Indian]] (NRI) voting rights. Currently, voters have to travel to their constituency to vote. The Court directed the [[Election Commission of India]] to explore the possibility for NRIs to cast their vote from their place of residence. In October 2014, the commission submitted its report to the Court, recommending that NRIs be permitted to vote by proxy and e-postal ballot.<ref name="india-times">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/middle-east-news/A-one-man-fight-could-help-millions-of-expats-vote/articleshow/45142542.cms|title=A one-man fight could help millions of expats vote|date=14 November 2014|accessdate=3 November 2018|publisher=Times of India}}</ref> On 9 August 2018, the Representation of the People (Amendment) Bill 2017, enabling the facility of proxy voting to overseas Indians, was passed by the [[Lok Sabha]], and was awaiting introduction in the upper house of the Indian Parliament, the [[Rajya Sabha]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bill-to-allow-proxy-voting-by-nris-passed-by-lok-sabha/articleshow/65343623.cms|title=Bill to allow proxy voting by NRIs passed by Lok Sabha|date=9 August 2018|work=The Economic Times|access-date=16 June 2019}}</ref>

==Awards and accolades==
* 2014 – ''[[Pravasi Bharatiya Samman]]'' for his role in developing a healthcare business in the [[United Arab Emirates]] and for promoting UAE-India ties<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/nri-award-winner-to-expand-healthcare-business-in-india-114011400358_1.html|title=NRI award winner to expand healthcare business in India |date=14 January 2014|accessdate=3 November 2018 |newspaper=Business Standard |agency=IANS}}</ref>
* 2014 – Received an honorary Doctorate (D.Litt. & DSE Honors Degree) from [[Aligarh Muslim University]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/AMU-awards-240-gold-medals-4000-degrees-at-convocation/articleshow/44839996.cms?from=mdr|last=Agha|first=Eram|date=16 October 2014|title=AMU awards 240 gold medals, 4,000 degrees at convocation |work=Times of India|publisher=[[The Times Group]]|accessdate=11 August 2019}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Vayalil is married to Shabeena, the eldest daughter of fellow billionaire [[M. A. Yusuff Ali]].<ref name=":1">{{cite news |last1=Balachandran|first1=Malu |title=Yusuff Ali: A mentor to his sons-in-law |url=http://www.forbesindia.com/article/india-rich-list-2018/yusuff-ali-a-mentor-to-his-sonsinlaw/51727/1 |accessdate=24 May 2019 |publisher=India East Forbes}}</ref> They have four children.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite web |title=#1605 Shamsheer Vayalil |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/shamsheer-vayalil/ |accessdate=6 June 2019 |website=Forbes}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vayalil, Shamsheer}}
[[Category:1977 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian radiologists]]
[[Category:Businesspeople of Indian descent]]
[[Category:People from Abu Dhabi]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian philanthropists]]
[[Category:Recipients of Pravasi Bharatiya Samman]]
[[Category:Indian chief executives]]
[[Category:Indian company founders]]
[[Category:Indian billionaires]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in the United Arab Emirates]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Kozhikode]]
[[Category:Manipal Academy of Higher Education alumni]]

Hemen Gupta

2026-04-12T18:34:19Z

DougHuonDeKermad: made article...

{{Short description|Indian film director and producer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Hemen Gupta
| image = Hemen Gupta.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name = Hemen Gupta
| birth_date = 1914/March/21
| birth_place = Rajmahal, Jharkhand, India
| death_date = May 1967
| death_place = Mumbai, India
| years_active = 1930–1967
| known_for = [[Anand Math]] (1952), Ferry (1953), [[Kabuliwala (1961 film)|Kabuliwala]] (1961)
| occupation = Film director, producer, screenwriter
| awards =
| othername =
| homepage =
| spouse = Ratna Gupta
| children = Son : Jayanta Gupta
Daughter : Jayshree Gupta Motwane
Jaijeet Gupta
}}
'''Hemen Gupta''' was an Indian film director, producer and screenwriter in [[Hindi film|Hindi language films]] and [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali language films]].<ref>{{cite news |title=9 Bengali films that captured India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/photo-features/9-bengali-films-that-captured-indias-freedom-struggle/chattagram-astragar-lunthan-1949/photostory/63728883.cms |website=The Times of India |publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd |access-date=16 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Bengali Cinema: 'An Other Nation' |date=1 November 2010 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781136912160 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ugbGBQAAQBAJ&dq=Hemen+Gupta&pg=PT165 |access-date=16 August 2020}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Hemen Gupta was born on 21 March 1914, in [[Rajmahal]], Jharkhand, India. His father, Purnanand Gupta, worked in the State Treasury Office and for several years was posted in [[Dhaka|Dhaka, Bangladesh]], where Hemen spent his early childhood.  His siblings were brothers Jogen, Biren, Rabin, Nripen and sister Amiya. 

Hemen grew up in a very large joint family, together with several uncles, aunts and cousins. He was a good student and completed his high school and undergrad college studies in Dhaka, where he graduated with academic honours. After his undergrad, he moved to [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] (now Kolkata) in West Bengal, India.

In Calcutta, he was actively involved in the national revolutionary movement to obtain freedom from British Rule. He joined the youth wing of the local Congress Party in 1928 and was drawn into what the British authorities considered subversive activities.  

In 1931, he was arrested by the British police and convicted on two charges.
#alleged complicity in the murder of the [[Midnapore district|Midnapore District]] Magistrate, Mr. James Peddy and Robert Douglas
#active participation in the Dacca-Assam Mail Train Robbery Case.

He spent jail terms at Hijli Jail (now part of [[Indian Institutes of Technology|Indian Institute of Technology]], Kharagpur, West Bengal), Buxar Jail (in the state of Bihar) and Deoli Jail (in the state of Rajasthan), from 1932 to 1938. As collateral and punitive damage, his extended family also got incarcerated, whereby several members lost their government jobs and pension benefits. Also, their family printing business was forced to shut down.

== Professional life ==

His major work includes ''[[Anand Math]]'' (1952),<ref>{{cite web |title=Classic Revisited: Anand Math and its immortal chant of Vande Mataram |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-anand-math-and-its-immortal-chant-of-vande-mataram/20140814.htm |website=Rediff.com |accessdate=16 August 2020}}</ref> ''[[Kabuliwala (1961 film)|Kabuliwala]]'' (1961).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kabuliwala is the heart-rending childhood tale of innocence, love & fate |url=https://theprint.in/features/reel-take/kabuliwala-is-the-heart-rending-childhood-tale-of-innocence-love-fate/275259/ |website=The Print |date=10 August 2019 |publisher=Printline Media Pvt. Ltd. |accessdate=16 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Poetry on the big screen |url=https://www.thehindu.com/arts/Poetry-on-the-big-screen/article16299460.ece#! |website=The Hindu |date=4 May 2010 |accessdate=16 August 2020|last1=Gupta |first1=Ranjan Das }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=rediff.com, Movies: Classics Revisited: Kabuliwala |url=https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/may/30dinesh.htm |website=Rediff.com |accessdate=16 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tagore's Cinematic Revival |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/tagores-cinematic-revival/776419/ |website=Indian Express |publisher=The Indian Express ltd. |accessdate=16 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Decolonization in South Asia: Meanings of Freedom in Post-independence West Bengal, 1947–52 |date=3 June 2009 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781134018239 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vt95AgAAQBAJ&dq=Hemen+Gupta&pg=PT100 |accessdate=16 August 2020}}</ref>

During his jail term, he developed a keen interest in the art and science of film making, which was a new medium of mass communication in those days. While in jail, he resumed academic studies and earned his master's degree in history. Immediately upon his release from prison, he worked in close association with the India's celebrated leader Netaji [[Subhas Chandra Bose]], as his personal secretary. In 1939 he started his film career by joining the renowned '''New Theatres''' film studios, Calcutta, as a helper in the studio's costume department. He was later promoted to becoming an Assistant Film Director.

In 1943, he got his break as a Director, with his first feature film titled “Dwanda” (''Conflict''). From 1943 to 1949, he directed seven feature films, mostly in Bengali language. The themes of several of his films were based on India's freedom movement and he drew upon his personal experiences as a radical activist and the years he spent in prison. Most notable amongst these films, was “42” (“''Biyallish''” in Bengali), Due to its controversial political content, the film was initially rejected by the Board of Film Censors, but later allowed to be released. It is widely considered to be a milestone film, depicting the [[Quit India Movement]] in a village in Bengal, India. It has won universal acclaim and continues to be a perennial favorite amongst that genre of patriotic films. In Calcutta, he introduced film actor Pradeep Kumar Batabyal, music director Hemanta Mukherjee and cameraman [[Ajoy Kar]] (who later became a film director).

In 1950, he migrated to Bombay to pursue his film career there. His first film in Bombay was produced by Mr. Sasadhar Mukerji and titled “Anand Math”. This was also a patriotic film based on a novel by the renowned Bengali author Bankim Chandra Chatterji. He also brought his protégés and key technical team from Kolkata to Bombay. His next film titled Ferry (''Kashti'' in Hindi) in 1952, was a love story that starred [[Dev Anand]] and [[Geeta Bali]]. It was the official entry from India at the Moscow Film festival.

From 1951 to 1967, Hemen directed seven feature films that were released and three films that remained unfinished, due to his untimely demise. The most acclaimed among them was the film ''[[Kabuliwala (1961 film)|Kabuliwala]]'' based on a story by Nobel Laureate author [[Rabindranath Tagore]]. It was released in 1961 and it received a silver medal at the Indian National Film awards.

== Personal life ==
Hemen Gupta spent a substantial part of his youth in subversive activities in Bengal, closely tied to the freedom movement from British rule. He was later arrested by the British authorities and spent nearly 7 years in various jails. Hemen Gupta was married to Ratna Gupta in Kolkata in the early 40's. They resided in Ballygunge (a suburb in South Kolkata) with their infant son and daughter until they migrated to Mumbai in 1950/51. After graduating from St.Xavier's College, Mumbai, their daughter Jayshree (screen name Archana) acted in 3 hindi films and one bengali film before she was married and migrated with her family to USA in 1976. Their son Jayanta after graduating from IIT Delhi, pursued an engineering career and migrated to USA in 1978.

Hemen Gupta was in discussion for the position of Principal at the Film and Television Institute, Pune, Maharashtra. However he was unable to take up that position due to his prior film production commitment. He died in 1967 of a sudden [[Intracerebral hemorrhage|brain hemorrhage]] while shooting for a bengali film (Anamika), which was left unfinished.

==Filmography==

===Director===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year !!Film
|-

| 1966
| Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose
|-

| 1961
| [[Kabuliwala (1961 film)|Kabuliwala]]
|-

| 1960
| Babar
|-
|1959
|Insaaf Kahan Hai
|-
|1957
|Raaj Kamal
|-

| 1956
| Taksaal
|-

| 1954
| Meenar
|-
|1953
|Ferry (Kashti)
|-

| 1952
| [[Anand Math]]
|-

| 1951
| Biyallish (42)
|-

| 1948
| Bhuli Nai
|-

| 1947
| Abhiyatri
|-

| 1944
| [[Taqrar]]
|-

| 1943
| Dwanda
|-

|}

===Producer===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year !!Film
|-

| 1954
| Kashti
|-

| 1952
| Anand Math
|-

| 1951
| Biyallish (42)
|-

|}

===Screenwriter===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year !!Film
|-
|1956
|Taksaal
|-

| 1954
| (Ferry) Kashti
|-

| 1952
| Anand Math
|-

| 1951
| Biyallish (42)
|-

|}

== References ==
<references />

==External links==
{{commons category-inline}}
* {{IMDb name|id=0348472|name=Gupta Hemen}}
* [https://cinemaazi.com/feature/hemen-gupta-his-life-and-times cinemaazi.com]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta Hemen}}
[[Category:Film producers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Hindi film producers]]
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]
[[Category:Bengali film directors]]
[[Category:Film directors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian screenwriters]]
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Hindi-language screenwriters]]
[[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:1967 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists]]

Sundaresanar

2026-04-10T12:58:33Z

DougHuonDeKermad: done

{{Short description|Indian spiritual writer (1817–1878)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{notability|date=June 2025}}
{{Unreferenced|date=April 2026}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox writer
|name = Sundaresa Desikar
|image =
|caption =
|birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1817|01|25}}
|birth_place = [[Mailam]]
|birth_name = Sundaresanar
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1878|05|21|1817|01|25}}
|death_place = [[Valavanur]]
|footnotes =
}}
'''Sundaresa Desikar''' was a spiritual writer. He was born to a Tamil-speaking family from [[Mailam]] and settled down at [[Valavanur]], Tamil Nadu.{{cn|date=June 2025}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sundaresa Desikar}}
[[Category:1817 births]]
[[Category:1878 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Shaivite religious leaders]]
[[Category:Writers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:19th-century Hindu religious leaders]]

Odia University

2026-04-07T08:56:03Z

DougHuonDeKermad:

{{short description|Public Language Research University in Odisha, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Odia University
| native_name = ଓଡ଼ିଆ ବିଶ୍ବବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ
| image = [[File:Odia University Logo.png|200px]]
| motto = Bande Utkala Janani
| mottoeng = I Adore Thee, O Mother Utkala
| established = {{start date and age|5 September 2023}}
| chancellor = [[Governor of Odisha]]
| vice_chancellor = Prof. Satyanarayan Acharya
| city = [[Satyabadi]], [[Odisha]]
| postalcode = 752014
| country = India
| faculty = 21<ref>{{Cite web |title=Government approves 21 teaching posts for Odia University|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/odisha/2023/Oct/07/government-approves-21-teaching-posts-for-odia-university-2621699.html|access-date=2024-04-19 |website=The New Indian Express|date=7 October 2023 }}</ref>
| students = 142
| coor = {{Coord|19|57|2.87|N|85|48|28.5|E|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| campus_size = {{convert|25|acre|ha}}
| type = [[Public university|Public]]
| campus = [[Urban area|Urban]]
| colours =
| academic_affiliations =
| accreditation =
| website = {{URL|https://odiauniversity.ac.in/}}
}}

'''Odia University''', is a state language research university situated in [[Satyabadi]] on the eastern coast of [[Odisha]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Universities in Odisha {{!}} Higher Education Department |url=https://dhe.odisha.gov.in/universities/list-of-univerisities-in-odisha |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=dhe.odisha.gov.in |archive-date=25 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240125153219/https://dhe.odisha.gov.in/universities/list-of-univerisities-in-odisha |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Description==
After the [[Odia language]] was recognised as a [[Classical language of India]] on 20 February 2014, it was decided to establish a university solely dedicated to the research, promotion and study of Odia literature, linguistics, history, and culture.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barik |first=Satyasundar |date=2024-02-03 |title=Naveen Patnaik govt. to come up with a language policy for promotion of Odia |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/naveen-patnaik-govt-to-come-up-with-a-language-policy-for-promotion-of-odia/article67808260.ece |access-date=2024-04-19 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
[[File:Odia University Campus.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Odia University campus]]

The Odia University, is established as a language university under the ''Odia University Act, 2017'', passed by the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]. The university's first academic session began on 5 September 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Committee To Finalise Syllabus For Three Courses Of Odia University |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/committee-to-finalise-syllabus-for-three-courses-of-odia-university/articleshow/102670448.cms|access-date=2024-04-19 |website=The Times of India|date=12 August 2023 }}</ref>

The permanent campus of the university was inaugurated by Odisha Chief Minister [[Naveen Patnaik]] on 24 January 2024 near [[Satyabadi Bana Bidyalaya]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Odisha CM unveils Odia University campus at Satyabadi in Puri |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2024/Jan/25/odisha-cm-unveils-odia-university-campus-at-satyabadi-in-puri|access-date=2024-04-19 |website=The New Indian Express|date=25 January 2024 }}</ref> which was established by the famous ''Panchasakha'' (Pandit [[Gopabandhu Das]], [[Acharya Harihar]], Pandit [[Nilakantha Das]], [[Krupasindhu Mishra]] and [[Godabarish Misra]]).

==Academics==
Currently the university offers an integrated M.A. Ph.D. program.<ref>{{Cite web |title= Entrance Test & e- Admission into Integrated M.A. Ph.D. Programme at Odia University, Satyabadi |url=https://phd.samsodisha.gov.in/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=SAMS, Odisha}}</ref>

===Schools===
* School of Odia Language & Literature
* School of Regional, Tribal Language & Heritage Studies
* School of Linguistics & Natural Language Processing

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Universities in Odisha}}

[[Category:2023 establishments in Odisha]]
[[Category:Linguistic research institutes in India]]
[[Category:Universities in Odisha]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2023]]

Shyok

2026-04-04T06:08:58Z

DougHuonDeKermad: stub.

'''Shyok''' may refer to:

* [[Shyok Dam]], a dam on the Shyok River in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
* [[Shyok River]], a river in northern India and Pakistan
* [[Shyok River|Shyok Valley]], a valley formed by the Shyok River
* [[Shyok (village)]], a village along the Shyok River in Ladakh, India

{{disambiguation|geo}}

A. Jayathilak

2026-04-01T02:13:23Z

DougHuonDeKermad: made new pg first draft

{{Short description|Indian civil servant}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = A. Jayathilak
| office = [[Chief secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]] of [[Government of Kerala|Kerala]]
| term_start = 1 May 2025
| predecessor = [[Sarada Muraleedharan]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1966|6|16}}<ref name="KeralaGADCivilList2025">{{cite web |url=https://gad.kerala.gov.in/sites/default/files/All_india_services/Civil%20list-IAS_13.05.2025.pdf |title=IAS Civil List Online (published as on 13.05.2025) – Indian Administrative Service (Kerala cadre) |publisher=General Administration Department, Government of Kerala |date=13 May 2025 |access-date=25 January 2026}}</ref>
| occupation = Civil servant
| nominator =
| governor = [[Rajendra Arlekar]]
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
}}

'''A. Jayathilak''' (born 16 June 1966) is an Indian civil servant and a 1991-batch officer of the [[Indian Administrative Service]] (Kerala cadre).<ref name="KeralaGADCivilList2025" /> He has served as the [[Chief Secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]] of the [[Government of Kerala]] since May 2025, as the state's 50th chief secretary.<ref name="PrintPTI2025">{{cite news |url=https://theprint.in/india/jayathilak-to-be-new-kerala-chief-secretary/2600767/ |title=Jayathilak to be new Kerala Chief Secretary |work=ThePrint |agency=PTI |date=23 April 2025 |access-date=25 January 2026}}</ref><ref name="ITMalayalamCharge2025">{{cite web |url=https://malayalam.indiatoday.in/keralam/story/a-jayathilak-takes-over-as-chief-secretary-after-saradha-muraleedharan-retires-srs-1207463-2025-05-01 |title=A Jayathilak takes over as Chief Secretary after Sarada Muraleedharan retires |website=India Today Malayalam |date=1 May 2025 |access-date=25 January 2026}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Jayathilak studied medicine at [[Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram|Thiruvananthapuram Medical College]] and graduated in 1990.<ref name="TNIEApr2025">{{cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2025/Apr/24/jayathilak-to-be-keralas-50th-chief-secretary |title=Jayathilak to be Kerala’s 50th Chief Secretary |work=The New Indian Express |date=24 April 2025 |access-date=25 January 2026}}</ref>

== Career ==
Jayathilak joined the Indian Administrative Service in 1991.<ref name="KeralaGADCivilList2025" /> He began his field postings as Sub-Collector of Mananthavady and later served as District Collector of [[Kollam]] and [[Kozhikode]].<ref name="TNIEApr2025" /><ref name="TNMApr2025">{{cite news |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/kerala/after-sarada-muralidharan-a-jayathilak-to-be-the-next-chief-secretary-of-kerala |title=After Sarada Muralidharan, A Jayathilak to be the next Chief Secretary of Kerala |work=The News Minute |date=24 April 2025 |access-date=25 January 2026}}</ref>

He served as managing director of the Kerala Tourism Development Corporation and was associated with Kerala's tourism branding efforts during the period when officials such as Amitabh Kant and V. Venu were also involved in the state's tourism promotion.<ref name="TNIEApr2025" /> He later served on deputation in Chhattisgarh, where he was the first managing director of the Chhattisgarh tourism board.<ref name="TNIEApr2025" /><ref name="OnmanoramaApr2025">{{cite news |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2025/04/23/jayathilak-kerala-chief-secretary.html |title=Dr A Jayathilak named next Chief Secretary of Kerala |work=Onmanorama |date=23 April 2025 |access-date=25 January 2026}}</ref>

=== Central government and statutory bodies ===
Jayathilak has served as chairman of the [[Marine Products Export Development Authority]] (MPEDA).<ref name="PIB2016">{{cite web |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=150992 |title=Push for Aquaculture as India targets marine products exports worth $5.6 bn in 2016-17 |publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India |date=21 September 2016 |access-date=25 January 2026}}</ref><ref name="BT2016">{{cite news |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/opinion/interviews/story/worst-period-for-the-fish-sector-is-over-a-jayathilak-mpeda-68430-2016-10-21 |title=The worst period for the fish sector is over, says A. Jayathilak |work=Business Today |date=21 October 2016 |access-date=25 January 2026}}</ref><ref name="Forbes2017">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/special/indian-tilapia-can-be-the-countrys-new-it-industry-says-mpeda-chairman-a-jayathilak/47235/1 |title=Indian Tilapia can be the country's new IT industry, says MPEDA chairman A Jayathilak |work=Forbes India |date=13 June 2017 |access-date=25 January 2026}}</ref>

He was also the chairman of the [[Spices Board]] and as chair of the [[International Pepper Community]] during India's chair year.<ref name="ET2015">{{cite news |url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/economy/agriculture/india-set-to-host-global-pepper-convention-on-november-22/articleshow/49843142.cms |title=India set to host global pepper convention on November 22 |work=The Economic Times |date=19 November 2015 |access-date=25 January 2026}}</ref>

== Chief Secretary of Kerala ==
On 23 April 2025 the Kerala cabinet approved Jayathilak's appointment as chief secretary, following the impending retirement of incumbent [[Sarada Muraleedharan]] on 30 April 2025.<ref name="PrintPTI2025" /><ref name="TNMApr2025" /> He assumed office on 1 May 2025.<ref name="ITMalayalamCharge2025" /> Jayathilak also serves ex officio as the chief executive officer of the Kerala State Disaster Management Authority (KSDMA).<ref name="KSDMASEC">{{cite web |url=https://sdma.kerala.gov.in/sec/ |title=SEC |publisher=Kerala State Disaster Management Authority |access-date=25 January 2026}}</ref>

== Controversies ==
In 2025, shortly before taking charge as Chief Secretary of Kerala, A. Jayathilak was named in a complaint alleging irregularities in the utilisation of [[Centrally Sponsored Scheme|Central funds]] under the Pradhan Mantri Anusuchit Jaati Abhyuday Yojana (PM-AJAY). The complaint was received by the [[Central Vigilance Commission]] and forwarded to the [[Government of Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Days before taking over as Kerala Chief Secretary, Jayathilak faces probe over Central funds bungling|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2025/Apr/29/days-before-taking-over-as-keralachief-secretary-jayathilak-faces-probe-over-central-funds-bungling|website=The New Indian Express|date=2025-04-29|access-date=2026-02-01|language=en|first=Express News|last=Service}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Suspended IAS officer in Kerala raises fresh allegations against Chief Secretary Jayathilak|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2025/Jul/29/suspended-ias-officer-in-kerala-raises-fresh-allegations-against-chief-secretary-jayathilak|website=The New Indian Express|date=2025-07-29|access-date=2026-02-01|language=en|first=Express News|last=Service}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=N Prasanth accuses chief secretary Jayathilak of procedural violations, misuse of power|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2025/Sep/11/n-prasanth-accuses-chief-secretary-jayathilak-of-procedural-violations-misuse-of-power|website=The New Indian Express|date=2025-09-11|access-date=2026-02-01|language=en|first=Jose K.|last=Joseph}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jayathilak, A.}}
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:People from Thiruvananthapuram]]

Cuttack Lok Sabha constituency

2026-03-30T11:39:18Z

DougHuonDeKermad: put up stub.

{{Short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Odisha}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Cuttack {{Small|OD-14}}
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Odisha/Cuttack.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Cuttack Lok Sabha constituency
| state = [[Odisha]]
| established = 1952
| reservation = None
| electors = 15,74,979{{efn|as on 2024}}{{efn|as data published by election commission}}
| incumbent_image = Bhartruhari Mahtab MP 2024.jpg
| mp = [[Bhartruhari Mahtab]]
| party = {{flagicon image|BJP flag.svg}}[[BJP]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| assembly_cons = [[Baramba Assembly constituency|Baramba]] [[Banki Assembly constituency|Banki]] [[Athagarh Assembly constituency|Athagarh]] [[Barabati-Cuttack Assembly constituency|Barabati-Cuttack]] [[Choudwar-Cuttack Assembly constituency|Choudwar-Cuttack]] [[Cuttack Sadar Assembly constituency|Cuttack Sadar]] [[Khandapada Assembly constituency|Khandapada]]
}}

'''Cuttack Lok Sabha Constituency''' is one of the 21 [[Lok Sabha]] (Parliamentary) Constituencies in [[Odisha]] state in Eastern [[India]].

== Assembly Segments ==
Assembly Constituencies which constitute this Parliamentary Constituency, after delimitation of Parliamentary Constituencies and Legislative Assembly Constituencies of 2008 are:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.electionsinindia.com/odisha/cuttack/electiondata.aspx|accessdate=25 March 2014|title=Elections in India - A Comparative Analysis of Parliamentary (Lok Sabha) & State Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) Election}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!#
!Name
!District
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |Leading
{{small|(in 2024)}}
|-
|87
|[[Baramba Assembly constituency|Baramba]]
| rowspan="6" |[[Cuttack district|Cuttack]]
|[[Bijaya Kumar Dalabehera]]
|{{party name with color|Independent|shortname=IND}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|88
|[[Banki Assembly constituency|Banki]]
|[[Devi Ranjan Tripathy]]
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|89
|[[Athagarh Assembly constituency|Athagarh]]
|[[Ranendra Pratap Swain]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
|-
|90
|[[Barabati-Cuttack Assembly constituency|Barabati-Cuttack]]
|[[Sofia Firdous]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|91
|[[Choudwar-Cuttack Assembly constituency|Choudwar-Cuttack]]
|[[Souvic Biswal]]
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|93
|[[Cuttack Sadar Assembly constituency|Cuttack Sadar]] (SC)
|[[Prakash Chandra Sethi (politician)|Prakash Chandra Sethi]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|120
|[[Khandapada Assembly constituency|Khandapada]]
|[[Nayagarh district|Nayagarh]]
|[[Dusmanta Kumar Swain]]
|}

Assembly Constituencies which constituted this Parliamentary Constituency, before delimitation of Parliamentary Constituencies and Legislative Assembly Constituencies of 2008 were:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2000/background/S18/Orissa_AC_Dist_PC.pdf |title=Assembly Constituencies - Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies of Orissa |publisher=Election Commission of India |accessdate=2008-09-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090304184320/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2000/background/S18/Orissa_AC_Dist_PC.pdf |archivedate=2009-03-04}}</ref> [[Salepur]], [[Cuttack Sadar]], [[Cuttack|Cuttack City]], [[Choudwar-Cuttack Assembly constituency|Tangi-Choudwar]], [[Banki, Odisha|Banki]], [[Athagarh]] and [[Badamba, Odisha|Badamba]].

==Elected members==

{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|47.43}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|49.47}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|38.36}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|36.23}}
{{bar percent|2004|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|60.56}}
{{bar percent|1999|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|65.76}}
{{bar percent|1998|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|52.89}}
{{bar percent|1996 (bypoll)|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|44.18}}
{{bar percent|1996|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|49.16}}
{{bar percent|1991|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|49.89}}
{{bar percent|1989|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|64.6}}
{{bar percent|1984|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|55.46}}
{{bar percent|1981 (bypoll)|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|55.94}}
{{bar percent|1980|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|61.54}}
{{bar percent|1977|{{party color|Bharatiya Lok Dal}}|55.03}}
{{bar percent|1971|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|54.48}}
}}

Since its formation in 1952, 21 elections were held including three bypolls in 1952, 1980 and 1996.

List of members elected from Cuttack constituency are
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1952 Indian general election|1952]]
|[[Harekrushna Mahatab]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|1952 (bypoll){{efn|Resignation of [[Harekrushna Mahatab]]}}
|[[Bira Kishore Ray]]{{efn|Won Uncontested}}
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Nityanand Kanungo]]
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|Srinibas Mishra
|{{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|[[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|[[Sarat Kumar Kar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Lok Dal}}
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|[[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|1981 (bypoll){{efn|Resignation of [[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]]}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Jayanti Patnaik]]
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Srikant Kumar Jena]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|[[Biju Patnaik]]
|-
|1996 (bypoll){{efn|Resignation of [[Biju Patnaik]]}}
|[[Anadi Charan Sahu]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
| rowspan="7" |[[Bhartruhari Mahtab]]
|{{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal|rowspan=6}}
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes PC: Cuttack 2009 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/www.indiavotes.com/pc/detailsearch?eid=15&pcname=Cuttack&submit= |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes PC: Cuttack 2014 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/www.indiavotes.com/pc/detailsearch?eid=16&pcname=Cuttack&submit= |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes PC: Cuttack 2019 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/www.indiavotes.com/pc/detailsearch?eid=17&pcname=Cuttack&submit= |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Cuttack lok sabha election results 2024: Cuttack Winning Candidates List and Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha/odisha/cuttack-constituency-result-18514 |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2024 ===
Voting were held on 25th May 2024 in 6th phase of Indian General Election. Counting of votes was on 4th June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Odisha 2024 |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]]}}</ref> In 2024 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Bhartruhari Mahtab]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Santrupt Mishra by a margin of 57,077 votes.<ref name=":3" />

{{Election box begin |
|title= [[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Cuttack]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Bhartruhari Mahtab]]
|votes = 531,601
|percentage = 47.43
|change = {{up}}9.36
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = Santrupt Mishra
|votes = 4,74,524
|percentage = 42.34
|change = {{down}}7.17
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Suresh Mohapatra
|votes = 83,815
|percentage = 7.48
|change = {{down}}1.94
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 8,159
|percentage = 0.73
|change = {{down}}0.05
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 57,077
|percentage = 5.09
|change = {{down}}6.35
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 11,23,079
|percentage = 71.31
|change = {{up}}1.50
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
In 2019 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Bhartruhari Mahtab]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Panchanan Kanungo by a margin of 1,21,201 votes.<ref name=":2" />

{{Election box begin |
|title = [[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Cuttack]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://results.eci.gov.in/pc/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS1814.htm?ac=14 |title = General Election 2019 - Election Commission of India}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Bhartruhari Mahtab]]
|votes = 5,24,592
|percentage = 49.51
|change = {{down}}4.24
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Prakash Mishra
|votes = 4,03,391
|percentage = 38.07
|change = {{increase}}23.15
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Panchanan Kanungo
|votes = 99,847
|percentage = 9.42
|change = {{decrease}}12.99
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 7,236
|percentage = 0.68
|change = {{decrease}}0.22
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sanjaya Kumar Sahoo
|votes = 5,899
|percentage = 0.56
|change = {{decrease}}0.02
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Pramod Kumar Mallick
|votes = 4,408
|percentage = 0.42
|change = {{increase}}0.05
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,21,201
|percentage = 11.44
|change = {{decrease}}19.90
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 10,60,459
|percentage = 69.81
|change = {{down}}1.68
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
|swing = {{down}}4.24
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
In 2014 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Bhartruhari Mahtab]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate [[Aparajita Mohanty]] by a margin of 3,06,762 votes.<ref name=":1" />

{{Election box begin |
|title = [[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Cuttack]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS1814.htm?ac=14|title = Election Commission of India}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Bhartruhari Mahtab]]
|votes = 5,26,085
|percentage = 53.75
|change = {{down}}3.34
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Aparajita Mohanty]]
|votes = 2,19,323
|percentage = 22.41
|change = {{down}}5.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Samir Dey]]
|votes = 1,46,093
|percentage = 14.92
|change = {{up}}5.62
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Aama Odisha Party
|candidate = [[M. A. Kharabela Swain]]
|votes = 58,246
|percentage = 5.95
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 8,889
|percentage = 0.90
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sanjay Kumar Sahu
|votes = 5,733
|percentage = 0.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 3,06,762
|percentage = 31.34
|change = {{up}}2.29
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 9,80,556
|percentage = 71.49
|change = {{up}}8.11
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
|swing = {{down}}3.34
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
In 2009 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Bhartruhari Mahtab]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Bibhuti Bhusan Mishra by a margin of 2,36,292 votes.<ref name=":0" />

{{Election box begin|
|title = [[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Cuttack]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Bhartruhari Mahtab]]
|votes = 4,65,089
|percentage = 57.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Bibhuti Bhusan Mishra
|votes = 2,28,797
|percentage = 28.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Anadi Charan Sahu]]
|votes = 75,118
|percentage = 9.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = Bira Oriya Party
|candidate = Kapila Charan Mall
|votes = 25,395
|percentage = 3.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 2,36,292
|percentage = 29.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 8,13,499
|percentage = 63.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Notes==
{{Noteslist}}

==See also==
* [[Cuttack]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|20.460691|85.889718| display=title}}
{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Orissa}}
{{Odisha elections}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cuttack Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Odisha]]
[[Category:Politics of Cuttack district]]
[[Category:Nayagarh district]]

Kalpana Datta

2026-03-24T03:26:17Z

DougHuonDeKermad: brief improve intro after review

{{Short description|Indian revolutionary and politician (1913–1995)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2012}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kalpana Dutta (কল্পনা দত্ত)
| image = Woman revolutionary, Kalpana Dutt.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1913|07|27|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Boalkhali Upazila|Boalkhali]], [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal Province]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1995|2|8|1913|7|27|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Kolkata]], West Bengal, India
| party = [[Communist Party of India]]
| profession = [[Indian independence movement]] activist, [[revolutionist]]
| spouse = [[Puran Chand Joshi]]
}}
'''Kalpana Datta''' (27 July 1913 – 8 February 1995), also known as '''Kalpana Joshi''', was an [[Indian independence movement]] activist and a member of the armed independence movement led by [[Surya Sen]], which carried out the [[Chittagong armoury raid]] in 1930.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chandra |first1=Bipan |author1-link=Bipan Chandra |last2=Mukherjee |first2=Mridula |author2-link=Mridula Mukherjee |last3=Mukherjee |first3=Aditya |last4=Mahajan |first4=Sucheta |last5=Panikkar |first5=K.N. |author5-link=K. N. Panikkar |year=2016 |orig-year=First published 1987 |title=India's Struggle for Independence |edition=Revised and updated |publisher=Penguin Books |page=253 |isbn=978-0-14-010781-4}}</ref> Later she joined the [[Communist Party of India]] and married [[Puran Chand Joshi]], the general secretary of the party, in 1943.<ref>{{cite news |date=26 February 1995 |title=Kalpana Joshi, 81; Struggled for India |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/02/26/obituaries/kalpana-joshi-81-struggled-for-india.html |url-status=live |access-date=19 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101210044042/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/02/26/obituaries/kalpana-joshi-81-struggled-for-india.html |archive-date=2010-12-10}}</ref>

==Early life==
Kalpana Datta (also commonly spelled Dutta) was born at Sripur,<ref name=Banglapedia>{{citation |author=Sailesh Kumar Bandyopadhyay |chapter=Dutta, Kalpana |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Datta,_Kalpana |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |editor=Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |year=2012 |edition=Second}}</ref> a village of [[Chittagong District]] in the [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal Province]] of [[British India]] (Sripur is now located in [[Boalkhali Upazila]] in Bangladesh). Her father, Binod Behari Dattagupta, was a government employee. After passing her [[matriculation examination]] in 1929 in Chittagong, she went to [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] and joined the [[Bethune College]] to study science. Soon, she joined the ''[[Chhatri Sangha]]'' (Women Students Association), a semi-revolutionary organization in which [[Bina Das]] and [[Pritilata Waddedar]] were also active members.<ref>{{cite book |last=Jain |first=Simmi |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Women through the Ages |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-vDiqxmuQmIC&pg=PA106 |volume=3 |year=2003 |publisher=Kalpaz Publications |location=Delhi |isbn=81-7835-174-9 |page=106}}</ref>

==Armed independence movement==
The Chittagong armoury raid was carried out on 18 April 1930.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chandra |first1=Bipan |author1-link=Bipan Chandra |last2=Mukherjee |first2=Mridula |author2-link=Mridula Mukherjee |last3=Mukherjee |first3=Aditya |last4=Mahajan |first4=Sucheta |last5=Panikkar |first5=K.N. |author5-link=K. N. Panikkar |year=2016 |orig-year=First published 1987 |title=India's Struggle for Independence |edition=Revised and updated |publisher=Penguin Books |page=252 |isbn=978-0-14-010781-4}}</ref> Kalpana joined the "[[Indian Republican Army]], Chattagram branch," the armed resistance group led by Surya Sen, in May 1931. In September 1931, Surya Sen entrusted her, along with [[Pritilata Waddedar]], to attack the European Club in Chittagong. A week before the attack, she was arrested while carrying out reconnaissance of the area. She went into hiding after her release on bail. On 16 February 1933, the police encircled their hiding place in Gairala village. During this raid, Surya Sen was arrested, but Kalpana managed to escape. To free Surya, she tried to bomb the jail but failed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1933-06-23 |title=Surya Sen Trial: Revolvers Identified |page=22 |work=The Indian Express |agency=Free Press Of India |publication-place=Calcutta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=94g-AAAAIBAJ&dq=kalpana+dutt&pg=PA22 |access-date=2022-01-07}}</ref>

Kalpana was finally arrested on 19 May 1933.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1933-05-19 |title=Kalpana Dutt Caught At Last |page=6 |work=The Indian Express |publisher=Free Press Of India |publication-place=Chittagong |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6NE-AAAAIBAJ&dq=%22Surya%20Sen%22&pg=PA6 |access-date=2022-01-07}}</ref> In the second supplementary trial of the Chittagong armoury raid case, Kalpana was sentenced to [[Penal transportation|transportation]] for life. She was released in 1939.{{citation needed|date= August 2022}}

== Later life ==
Kalpana Datta graduated from the [[Calcutta University]] in 1940 and joined the [[Communist Party of India]]. She served as a relief worker during the [[1943 Bengal famine]] and during the [[Partition of Bengal (1947)|Partition of Bengal]].<ref name=mainstream/> She wrote an autobiographical book in Bengali, "চট্টগ্রাম অস্ত্রাগার আক্রমণকারীদের স্মৃতিকথা",
which was translated into English by Arun Bose & Nikhil Chakraborty with a preface by her husband, Com. P. C. Joshi, a communist leader, as "Chittagong Armoury Raiders: Reminiscences," published in English in October 1945.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dutt |first=Kalpana |script-title=bn:চট্টগ্রাম অস্ত্রাগার আক্রমণকারীদের স্মৃতিকথা |isbn=8185459657 |language=bn |oclc=882444567}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dutt |first=Kalpana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wcoBAAAAMAAJ |title=Chittagong Armoury Raiders: Reminiscences |date=1979 |publisher=Peoples̕ Publishing House |language=en |oclc=831737120}}</ref> In 1946, she contested in the elections for the Bengal Legislative Assembly as a Communist Party of India candidate from Chittagong but could not win.

Later, she joined the [[Indian Statistical Institute]], where she worked until her retirement. She died in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] on 8 February 1995.<ref name=mainstream>[[Nikhil Chakravartty]], Kalpana Dutt's obituary in Mainstream, 18 February 1995.</ref>

==Personal life==
In 1943, she married the then general secretary of the [[Communist Party of India]], [[Puran Chand Joshi]]. They had two sons: Chand and Suraj. Chand Joshi (1946–2000) was a noted journalist, who worked for the ''[[Hindustan Times#History|Hindustan Times]]''. He was also known for his work, ''Bhindranwale: Myth and Reality'' (1984). Chand's wife, Manini (née Chatterjee), penned a book on the Chattagram armoury raid, titled ''Do and Die: The Chattagram Uprising 1930-34''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000205/windows/above.htm |title=This above All |date=5 February 2000 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |access-date=19 May 2010}}</ref>

{{Anushilan Samiti}}

==Artistic depictions==
In 2010, [[Deepika Padukone]] starred as Kalpana Datta and [[Abhishek Bachchan]] starred as Surya Sen, in a [[Hindi]] movie, ''[[Khelein Hum Jee Jaan Sey]]'', which dealt with the [[Chittagong armoury raid]] and its aftermath.{{citation needed|date= August 2022}}

Another movie, ''[[Chittagong (film)|Chittagong]]'', was released on 12 October 2012, based on the uprising. It was produced and directed by [[Bedabrata Pain]], an ex-NASA scientist.{{citation needed|date= August 2022}}

== Book ==
Chattagram Astragar Lunthankarider Smritikatha. (Jan, 1946)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://archive.today/20121211103113/http://greenhouse.economics.utah.edu/pipermail/margins-to-centre/2005-September/000597.html Women in India and Pakistan: The Struggle for Independence from British Rule (Part 3)] (archived)
{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Datta, Kalpana}}
[[Category:1913 births]]
[[Category:1995 deaths]]
[[Category:Anti-British establishment revolutionaries from East Bengal]]
[[Category:People from Boalkhali Upazila]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Bethune College alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Women in West Bengal politics]]
[[Category:Women in war 1900–1945]]
[[Category:Indian women in World War II]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Women Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:Female politicians of the Communist Party of India]]
[[Category:Female revolutionaries]]

Shauraseni Prakrit

2026-03-22T03:46:45Z

DougHuonDeKermad:

{{Short description|Ancient Middle Indo-Aryan language}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Shauraseni Prakrit
| altname = Śaurasenī Prākṛta
| nativename = {{lang|psu-Brah|𑀰𑁅𑀭𑀲𑁂𑀦𑀻}} ([[Brahmi]])
| region = [[Indian subcontinent]]
| era = c. 3rd to 10th centuries AD
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam2 = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
| fam3 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
| iso3 = psu
| glotto = saur1252
| glottorefname = Sauraseni Prakrit
}}

'''Shauraseni Prakrit''' ({{langx|sa|शौरसेनी प्राकृत}}, {{IAST3|Śaurasenī Prākṛta}}, {{IPA|sa|ɕɐurɐɕseːniː praːkr̩t̪ɐ}}) was a [[Middle Indo-Aryan language]] and a [[Dramatic Prakrit]]. Shauraseni was the chief [[language]] used in drama in [[middle kingdoms of India|medieval]] [[North India|northern India]]. Most of the material in this language originates from the 3rd to 10th centuries, and represented a regional language variety with minor modifications to the same linguistic substratum as other Dramatic Prakrit varieties.<ref name="ollett">{{cite book |last=Ollett |first=Andrew |title=Language of the Snakes: Prakrit, Sanskrit, and the Language Order of Premodern India |chapter=5: Figuring Prakrit |chapter-url=https://www.luminosoa.org/chapters/m/10.1525/luminos.37.e |doi=10.1525/luminos.37.e |date=2017-10-10 |pp=111-140 |isbn=978-0-520-96881-3}} {{Q|Q120550567}}.</ref>

Among the [[Prakrit]]s, Shauraseni is said to be the one most closely related to [[Classical Sanskrit]] in that it "is derived from the Old Indian Indo-Aryan dialect of the [[Madhyadesa|Madhyadeśa]] on which Classical Sanskrit was mainly based."<ref name="woolner">{{cite web|last1=Woolner|first1=Alfred C.|title=Introduction to Prakrit|url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontopr00woolrich|publisher=University of the Punjab|accessdate=2 March 2016|location=Calcutta}}</ref>{{rp|3-4}} Its descendants include [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] ([[Hindi]]–[[Urdu]]), [[Gujarati languages|Gujarati]], [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]], [[Hindko]], [[Pahari-Pothwari|Pahari]], and [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mesthrie |first=Rajend |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eUEiEAAAQBAJ&dq=en&pg=PA15 |title=Language in Indenture: A Sociolinguistic History of Bhojpuri-Hindi in South Africa |date=2018-09-14 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-78579-5 |pages=15 |language=en |quote=The outer languages descend from various sources: The Eastern group from Magadhi Prakrit, Marathi from Maharastri Prakrit (which was a sub-division of Ardha-Māgadhi Prakrit, leaning more towards Māgadhi than Śauraseni), while Sindhi and Lahnda, whose early histories are not entirely clear, seem to be derived from Apabhramsas which show Śauraseni influence.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HmfEEAAAQBAJ|title=Window to Ancient India : A Tryst with Ancient Science & Philosophy Part II : Languages, Linguistic Systems and Indian Logic System vis-a-vis the Greeks|page=68|first=Satish|last=Joglekar|date=10 June 2023 |publisher=StoryMirror Infotech Pvt |isbn=978-93-90267-91-0 }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Saurashtra language]]
* [[Apabhraṃśa]]
* [[Prakrit]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Old and Middle Indo-Aryan}}
[[Category:Languages attested from the 3rd century]]
[[Category:Languages extinct in the 10th century]]
[[Category:Indo-Aryan languages]]
[[Category:Medieval languages]]
[[Category:Prakrit languages]]
[[Category:North India]]

{{IndoAryan-lang-stub}}

Raadhika

2026-03-16T01:00:16Z

DougHuonDeKermad: general corrected citations for clarity and improved wording for clarity

#REDIRECT [[Radikaa Sarathkumar]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Jam Sahib

2026-03-15T09:21:52Z

DougHuonDeKermad: content fix

{{Short description|Title of the ruling prince of Nawanagar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{More citations needed|article about an Indian province|date=August 2009}}

[[File:Ranjitsinhji c1908.jpg|thumb|Jam Sahib [[Ranjitsinhji|Ranjitsinhji Vibhaji Jadeja]], known as ''Ranji'']]
'''Jam Sahib''' ({{langx|gu|જામ સાહેબ}}) or simply '''Jam''' was a native title used by the rulers of a few [[princely states]], notably born in western [[British India]] into [[Jadeja]] clan which denotes their claimed descent from the legendary [[Jamshid|Jamshed]] of Iran.<ref>{{cite book|first=Mario |last=Rodrigues |title=Batting for the Empire: A Political Biography of Ranjitsinhji |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d0puAAAAMAAJ |year=2003 |publisher=Penguin Books, 2003 |isbn=9780143029519 |page=51 |quote=Yet another version said the Jadejas were descendants of the great Emperor Jamshed of Iran, hence the title Jam under which they ruled.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=B. N. |last=Goswamy |title=A Place Apart: Painting in Kutch, 1720-1820 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FSUNAQAAIAAJ |year=1983 |publisher=Oxford University Press, 1983 |isbn=9780195613117 |page=7 |quote=His successor, Jam Pumvro, had more than his share of troubles, and earned an evil reputation for himself but, for us, his title is of interest for it was derived apparently from the legendary Jamshed of Iranian origin.}}</ref>

==Jam Sahibs of Nawanagar==
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
!S. No.
! Rulers
! Reign
! Born
! Died
|-
|1.
|Raisinhji Lakhaji
|1661–1663
|
|
|-
|2.
|Raisinhji Tamachi
|1663 – 2 October 1690
|
|
|-
|3.
| Lakhaji Tamachi
| 2 October 1690 – 13 October 1708
|
| 1708
|-
|4.
| Raisinhji Lakhaji
| 13 October 1708 – 13 August 1711
|
| 1711
|-
|5.
| Tamachi Raisinhji
| 13 August 1711 – 1743
|
| 1743
|-
|6.
| Lakhaji Tamachi
| September 1743 – 2 November 1767
| 1743
| 1767
|-
|7.
| Jasaji Lakhaji
| 2 November 1767 – 6 August 1814
|
| 1814
|-
|8.
| Sataji II Lakhaji
| 6 August 1814 – 24 February 1820
|
| 1820
|-
|9.
| Ranmalji Sataji II
| 24 February 1820 – 22 February 1852
|
| 1852
|-
|10.
| Vibhaji II Ranmalji
| 22 February 1852 – 28 April 1895
| 1827
| 1895
|-
|11.
| Jashwantsinhji Vibhaji II
| 28 April 1895 – 14 August 1906
| 1882
| 1906
|-
|12.
|[[Ranjitsinhji|Ranjitsinhji Vibhaji]]
| 12 March 1907 – 2 April 1933
| 1872
| 1933
|-
|13.
|[[Digvijaysinhji Ranjitsinhji|Digvijaysinhji]]
| 2 April 1933 – 3 February 1966
| 1895
| 1966
|-
|14.
|[[Shatrusalyasinhji]]
| 3 February 1966 – 12 October 2024
| 1939
| Present
|-
|15.
|[[Ajay Jadeja]]
| 12-October-2024 – Present
| 1971
| Present
|}

==See also==
* [[Nawanagar State]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101022173812/http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/ips/n/nawanagar.html Nawanagar History and Genealogy] at ''[[Queensland University]]''

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saheb, Jam}}
[[Category:Royal titles]]
[[Category:Jamnagar district]]
[[Category:Maharajas of Nawanagar]]
[[Category:Titles in India]]
[[Category:1540 establishments in India]]

{{India-royal-stub}}

Charan Boro

2026-03-08T08:25:53Z

DougHuonDeKermad: updated details

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Charan Boro
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1979|7|1}}
| party = [[Bodoland People's Front]]
| office1 = [[Cabinet Minister]], [[Government of Assam]]
| termstart1 = 18 October 2025
| 1blankname1 = {{nowrap|Chief Minister}}
| 1namedata1 = [[Himanta Biswa Sarma]]
| 2blankname1 = Departments
| 2namedata1 = {{bulleted list|Transport|Welfare of Bodoland}}
| predecessor1 = {{ubl|[[Jogen Mohan]] {{small|(Transport)}}|[[Urkhao Gwra Brahma]] {{small|(Welfare of Bodoland)}}}}
| office2 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]], [[Assam Legislative Assembly]]
| termstart2 = 16 May 2016
| constituency2 = [[Majbat Assembly constituency|Majbat]]
| predecessor2 = [[Rakheswar Brahma]]
}}

Charan Boro (born 1 July 1979) is an Indian politician from [[Assam]] associated with the [[Bodoland People's Front]] (BPF). He was elected as a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Assam from the [[Majbat Assembly constituency|Majbat constituency]] in the 2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election.<ref>[http://www.assamtimes.org/node/16640 Udalguri district administration ready to polls]</ref><ref>[http://www.assamtimes.org/node/16540 11 candidate fill nomination in Udalguri]</ref>

== Early life ==
Charan Boro was born in the [[Rangapara|Rangagarah]] area of [[Udalguri district]] in Assam. His father's name is Nabin Boro and his mother's name is Ampuli Boro.{{fact|date=August 2025}}

== Political career ==
Charan Boro is a member of the Bodoland People's Front, a regional political party dedicated to the interests of the [[Bodo people]] in Assam. He won the legislative assembly seat from Majbat constituency in 2016. His election was part of the larger political representation of [[Bodoland Territorial Region|Bodoland]] in Assam's state governance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sentinel Digital |first= |date=2021-03-31 |title=Charan Boro from Majbat: Early Life, Controversy & Political Career |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/assam-election-2021/candidates/phase2/charan-boro-from-majbat-early-life-controversy-political-career-531428 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=The Sentinel - of this Land, for its People |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Charan Boro, BPF MLA from Majbat - Our Neta |url=https://ourneta.com/neta/charan-boro/ |access-date=2025-08-25 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Charan Boro(Bodoland Peoples Front):Constituency- MAJBAT(UDALGURI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Assam2016/candidate.php?candidate_id=126 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Boro, Charan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bodoland People's Front politicians]]
[[Category:People from Udalguri district]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 2021–2026]]

{{Assam-politician-stub}}

Guruvunu Minchina Sishyudu

2026-03-06T03:33:30Z

DougHuonDeKermad: cleanup citations for consistency and updated info

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Guruvunu Minchina Sishyudu
| native_name = గురువును మించిన శిష్యుడు
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[B. Vittalacharya]]
| producer = B. Vittalacharya
| writer =
| story =
| screenplay =
| narrator =
| starring = [[Kanta Rao|Kantha Rao]] [[Mukkamala (actor)|Mukkamala]] [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] [[Rajanala Kaleswara Rao|Rajanala]] [[Kaikala Satyanarayana]] [[Valluri Balakrishna]]
| music = [[S. P. Kodandapani]]<ref name="mioto">{{cite web|title=Guruvunu Minchina Sishyudu|url=http://mio.to/album/Guruvunu+Minchina+Sishyudu+(1963)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419120943/https://mio.to/album/Guruvunu+Minchina+Sishyudu+(1963)|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 April 2021|website=MusicIndiaOnline|access-date=13 September 2016}}</ref>
| cinematography =
| editing = [[Editor Mohan|A. Mohan]]
| studio = Vithal Productions
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1963|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Guruvunu Minchina Sishyudu''''' is 1963 Indian Telugu-language fantasy film directed and produced by [[B. Vittalacharya]] starring [[Kanta Rao|Kantha Rao]], [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]], [[Kaikala Satyanarayana]], [[Valluri Balakrishna]] in the lead roles.<ref name="doregama">{{cite web|title=Guruvunu Minchina Sishyudu|url=http://doregama.info/guruvunu-minchina-sishyudu-1963.html|website=doregama.info|accessdate=13 September 2016}}</ref><ref name="thecinebay">{{cite web|title=Guruvunu Minchina Sishyudu 1963 film|url=https://www.thecinebay.com/movie/index/id/6528?ed=Tolly|website=thecinebay.com|accessdate=13 September 2016}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Kanta Rao|Kantha Rao]] as Vijeya
* [[Mukkamala (actor)|Mukkamala]] as Kalaketu
* [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] as Padmavathi
* [[Rajanala Kaleswara Rao|Rajanala]] as Keertisena
* [[Kaikala Satyanarayana]] as Dharmapala
* [[Valluri Balakrishna]] as Ajeya

== Production ==
This film marked the first credited role of [[Editor Mohan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 September 2020 |title="I may not be a Telugu, but my heart lies here" |url=https://www.theleonews.com/en/i-may-not-be-a-telugu-but-my-heart-lies-here/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807043806/https://www.theleonews.com/en/i-may-not-be-a-telugu-but-my-heart-lies-here/ |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=25 September 2025|website=theleonews.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt1510754}}

[[Category:1963 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1963 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy films]]
[[Category:Films directed by B. Vittalacharya]]
[[Category:1963 fantasy films]]
{{1960s-Telugu-film-stub}}

Naangal (2025 film)

2026-03-03T02:23:46Z

DougHuonDeKermad: Put Up The Pg First Draft...

{{Short description|2025 Tamil film}}
{{For|the 1992 film|Naangal}}
{{No plot|date=January 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Naangal (2025 film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Avinash Prakash
| writer = Avinash Prakash
| producer = GVS Raju
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*Abdul Rafe
*Mithun Vasudevan
*Rithik Mohanraj
*Nithin Dineshkumar
}}
| cinematography = Avinash Prakash
| editing = Avinash Prakash
| music = [[Ved Shankar|Ved Shanker Sugavanam]]
| studio = Kala Bhavashri Creations
| distributor = SSI Productions
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|4|18}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Naangal''''' ({{Translation|We}}) is a 2025 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film written, directed, photographed and edited by Avinash Prakash and produced by GVS Raju under the banner of Kala Bhavashri Creations, starring Abdul Rafe, Mithun Vasudevan, Rithik Mohanraj, Nithin Dineshkumar, Prarthana Srikaanth, John E, Tanika Guruprasad, K Hariharan and others in pivotal roles. It was released in theatres on 18 April 2025.

== Cast ==

* Abdul Rafe
* Mithun Vasudevan
* Rithik Mohanraj
* Nithin Dineshkumar
* Prarthana Srikaanth
* John E
* Tanika Guruprasad
* K Hariharan

== Production ==
The film is produced by GVS Raju under the banner of Kala Bhavashri Creations, while the director of the film Avinash Prakash has also handled the cinematography and editing.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2025-04-06 |title=Avinash Prakash's award-winning Naangal set for release |url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/avinash-prakashs-award-winning-naangal-set-for-release-829054 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406105349/https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/avinash-prakashs-award-winning-naangal-set-for-release-829054 |archive-date=6 April 2025 |access-date=2025-04-19 |website=[[DT Next]] |language=en}}</ref> The others as part of the technical team consists of Vrajbala J as the production designer, Ved Shanker Sugavanam as the music composer, Sujatha N as the lyricist, with [[Saindhavi]] lending her voice for a song in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Ashwin |date=2025-04-11 |title=Naangal trailer: Shows an emotional coming-of-age journey for three boys |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Apr/11/naangal-trailer-shows-an-emotional-coming-of-age-journey-for-three-boys |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250411095048/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Apr/11/naangal-trailer-shows-an-emotional-coming-of-age-journey-for-three-boys |archive-date=11 April 2025 |access-date=2025-04-19 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Music ==
The film has music composed by [[Ved Shankar|Ved Shanker Sugavanam]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}}
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Kanavae
| length1 =
| lyrics1 = Sujatha Narayanan
| extra1 = [[Saindhavi]]
| total_length =
}}

== Release ==

=== Premiere ===
''Naangal'' was screened at several film festivals including, [[International Film Festival Rotterdam|Rotterdam Film Festival]], Mostra Sao Paulo International Film Festival, Jio MAMI Film Festival, and the [[Bengaluru International Film Festival]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Ashwin |date=2025-04-06 |title=Avinash Prakash: Naangal is not an independent film |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/interviews/2025/Apr/06/avinash-prakash-naangal-is-not-an-independent-film |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408173129/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/interviews/2025/Apr/06/avinash-prakash-naangal-is-not-an-independent-film |archive-date=8 April 2025 |access-date=2025-04-19 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== Theatrical ===
''Naangal'' released in theatres on 18 April 2025 by S Subbiah of SSI Productions.<ref name=":0" />

== Critical response ==
Ashwin S of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' gave 4/5 stars and wrote "In this era where identity crises are rampant and parents are forced to be extremely careful regarding every decision they take with their children, ''Naangal'' takes a step back in time to the 90s, to show how even the most fundamental aspects like words and actions towards a child can impact their lives to a significant extent."<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Ashwin |date=2025-04-14 |title=Naangal Movie Review: A poignant coming-of-age story on the impact of parenting |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2025/Apr/14/naangal-movie-review-a-poignant-coming-of-age-story-on-the-impact-of-parenting |access-date=2025-04-19 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en |archive-date=17 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250417171624/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2025/Apr/14/naangal-movie-review-a-poignant-coming-of-age-story-on-the-impact-of-parenting |url-status=live }}</ref> Abhinav Subramanian of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "Naangal is undeniably a thoughtfully crafted film, anchored by a strong central performance and the natural, subtle work from the three young actors playing the sons, all contributing to its distinct mood. It offers an unflinching look at a difficult upbringing."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Naangal Movie Review : Strong vision stretched over a slow journey |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/naangal/movie-review/120306211.cms |access-date=2025-04-19 |work=[[The Times of India]] |last=Subramanian|first=Abhinav|date=Apr 15, 2025|archive-url=https://archive.today/20260124005758/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/naangal/movie-review/120306211.cms|archive-date=24 Jan 2026|url-status=live}}</ref> Gopinath Rajendran of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "''Naangal'' takes you on a trip down memory lane to your childhood days without assuring you that all of those memories would be pleasant. It is a profoundly personal work from a filmmaker who, with the title, tells the world that this is who they are without letting this chapter of life define them."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajendran |first=Gopinath |date=2025-04-16 |title='Naangal' movie review: A heart-rending memoir on childhood trauma and coming to terms with it |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/naangal-movie-review-a-heart-rending-memoir-on-childhood-trauma-and-coming-to-terms-with-it/article69454473.ece |access-date=2025-04-19 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en |archive-date=21 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250421130724/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/naangal-movie-review-a-heart-rending-memoir-on-childhood-trauma-and-coming-to-terms-with-it/article69454473.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2025 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ved Shankar]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

List of Hindi films of 2003

2026-03-03T00:24:31Z

DougHuonDeKermad: added info

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Incomplete list|date=August 2008}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2015}}
{{Bollywood films}}

A list of films produced by the [[Bollywood]] film industry based in [[Mumbai]] in [[2003 in film|2003]].

==Highest-grossing films==

The top 10 highest-grossing films worldwide in 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=2003|title=Top Worldwide Grossers 2003|website=boxofficeindia.com}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Rank No. !! Title !! Production company!! Worldwide gross
|-
! 1
| ''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]''
|[[Dharma Productions]]
|{{INRConvert|86.09|c|year=2003|mode=historical}}
|-
! 2
| ''[[Koi... Mil Gaya]]''
|Filmkraft Productions Pvt. Ltd
|{{INRConvert|82.32|c|year=2003|mode=historical}}
|-
!3
|''[[The Hero: Love Story of a Spy]]''
|Time Magnetics (India) Pvt. Ltd
|{{INRConvert|45.13|c|year=2003|mode=historical}}
|-
! 4
| ''[[Chalte Chalte (2003 film)|Chalte Chalte]]''
|{{hlist|[[Dreamz Unlimited]]|[[UTV Motion Pictures]]}}
|{{INRConvert|43.29|c|year=2003|mode=historical}}
|-
!5
|''[[Baghban (2003 film)|Baghban]]''
|B. R. Films
|{{INRConvert|43.11|c|year=2003|mode=historical}}
|-
! 6
| ''[[Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.]]''
|{{hlist|[[Vinod Chopra Productions]]|[[Entertainment One]]}}
|{{INRConvert|36.29|c|year=2003|mode=historical}}
|-
! 7
| ''[[Main Prem Ki Diwani Hoon]]''
| [[Rajshri Productions]]
|{{INRConvert|39.31|c|year=2003|mode=historical}}
|-
! 8
| ''[[LOC: Kargil]]''
|J. P. Films
|{{INRConvert|31.67|c|year=2003|mode=historical}}
|-
! 9
| ''[[Andaaz]]''
| Shree Krishna International
|{{INRConvert|28.81|c|year=2003|mode=historical}}
|-
! 10
| ''[[Qayamat: City Under Threat]]''
| Bawaja Movies
|{{INRConvert|28.52|c|year=2003|mode=historical}}
|}

== List of released films ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Genre
|-
|''[[2 October]]'' || [[Sunil Tiwari]] || [[Ashutosh Rana]], [[Sharat Saxena]], [[Saadhika Randhawa]], [[Mukesh Tiwari]] ||Action, Triller
|-
|''[[3 Deewarein]]'' || [[Nagesh Kukunoor]] || [[Naseeruddin Shah]], [[Jackie Shroff]], [[Juhi Chawla]] || Drama
|-
|''[[88 Antop Hill]]'' || [[Kushan Nandy]] || [[Rahul Dev]], [[Shweta Menon]], [[Harsh Khurana]], [[Atul Kulkarni]] || Thriller
|-
|''[[Aaj Ka Andha Kanoon]]'' ||Amit Chandra Sahay || [[Sudesh Berry]] ||Action, Drama
|-
|''[[Aanch]]'' ||Rajesh Kumar Singh || [[Nana Patekar]], [[Paresh Rawal]] ||Romance, Drama
|-
|''[[Aapko Pehle Bhi Kahin Dekha Hai]]'' || [[Anubhav Sinha]] || [[Priyanshu Chatterjee]], [[Sakshi Shivanand]], [[Manoj Pahwa]], [[Om Puri]], [[Farida Jalal]]|| Romance
|-
|''[[Andaaz]]'' || [[Suneel Darshan]] || [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Priyanka Chopra]], [[Aman Verma (actor)|Aman Verma]], [[Lara Dutta]] || Romance
|-
|''[[Armaan (2003 film)|Armaan]]'' || [[Honey Irani]] || [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Anil Kapoor]], [[Preity Zinta]], [[Gracy Singh]], [[Randhir Kapoor]], [[Aamir Bashir]] || Drama, Family
|-
|''[[Baaz: A Bird in Danger]]'' || [[Tinu Verma]] || [[Sunil Shetty]], [[Karisma Kapoor]], [[Dino Morea]], [[Preeti Jhangiani]], [[Jackie Shroff]] || Thriller
|-
|''[[Baghban (2003 film)|Baghban]]'' || [[Ravi Chopra]] || [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Hema Malini]], [[Sharat Saxena]], [[Aman Verma (actor)|Aman Verma]], [[Lillete Dubey]], [[Samir Soni]], [[Rimi Sen]], [[Suman Ranganathan]], [[Divya Dutta]], [[Salman Khan]], [[Paresh Rawal]], [[Mahima Chaudhry]] || Drama, Family
|-
|''[[Bas Yun Hi]]'' || [[Raja Menon]] || [[Nandita Das]], [[Purab Kohli]], [[Sameer Malhotra]], [[Sandhya Shetty]] || Drama
|-
|''[[Basti (film)|Basti]]'' ||[[Basharat Khan]] || [[Samir Soni]], [[Faisal Khan]] || Action
|-
|''[[Bhoot (film)|Bhoot]]'' || [[Ram Gopal Varma]] || [[Urmila Matondkar]], [[Ajay Devgn]], [[Rekha]], [[Nana Patekar]], [[Fardeen Khan]] || Horror
|-
|''[[Boom (2003 film)|Boom]]'' ||[[Kaizad Gustad]] || [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Jackie Shroff]], [[Gulshan Grover]], [[Katrina Kaif]], [[Madhu Sapre]], [[Padma Lakshmi]] || Black Comedy Thriller
|-
|''[[Calcutta Mail]]'' || [[Sudhir Mishra]] || [[Anil Kapoor]], [[Rani Mukerji]], [[Manisha Koirala]] || Drama
|-
|''[[Chalte Chalte (2003 film)|Chalte Chalte]]'' || [[Aziz Mirza]] || [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Rani Mukerji]], [[Jas Arora]], [[Lillete Dubey]], [[Satish Shah]], [[Rajeev Verma]] || Drama, Romance, Comedy, Musical
|-
|''[[Chori Chori (2003 film)|Chori Chori]]'' || [[Milan Luthria]] || [[Ajay Devgn]], [[Rani Mukerji]], [[Sonali Bendre]] || Romance
|-
|''[[Chupke Se]]'' ||Shona Urvashi || [[Zulfi Syed]], [[Masumeh Makhija]] ||Romance, Comedy
|-
|''[[Chura Liyaa Hai Tumne]]'' || [[Sangeeth Sivan]] || [[Zayed Khan]], [[Esha Deol]] || Action, Drama, Romance, Thriller
|-
|''[[Darna Mana Hai]]'' ||[[Prawaal Raman]] || [[Saif Ali Khan]], [[Shilpa Shetty]], [[Sameera Reddy]], [[Vivek Oberoi]], [[Sohail Khan]], [[Aftab Shivdasani]], [[Antara Mali]], [[Nana Patekar]], [[Rajpal Yadav]], [[Isha Koppikar]], [[Sanjay Kapoor]] || Horror, Thriller
|-
|''[[Dhoop]]'' ||Ashwini Chaudhary || [[Murli Sharma]], [[Gul Panag]], [[Om Puri]], [[Revathi]], [[Sanjay Suri]] ||War Drama
|-
|''[[Dhund (2003 film)|Dhund]]'' ||[[Shyam Ramsay]] || [[Amar Upadhyay]], [[Aditi Gowitrikar]], [[Irrfan Khan]], [[Gulshan Grover]], [[Apoorva Agnihotri]] ||Horror
|-
|''[[Dil Ka Rishta]]'' ||Naresh Malhotra || [[Arjun Rampal]], [[Aishwarya Rai]], [[Priyanshu Chatterjee]], [[Isha Koppikar]], [[Raakhee]], [[Paresh Rawal]] || Drama, Romance
|-
|''[[Dil Pardesi Ho Gayaa]]'' ||[[Saawan Kumar Tak]] ||[[Kapil Jhaveri]], [[Ashutosh Rana]], [[Saloni Aswani]], [[Amrish Puri]] || Romance
|-
|''[[Dum (2003 Hindi film)|Dum]]'' ||[[Eeshwar Nivas]] || [[Vivek Oberoi]], [[Diya Mirza]], [[Vivek Shauq]], [[Atul Kulkarni]] || Action, Drama, Romance
|-
|''[[Ek Alag Mausam]]'' ||[[K. P. Sasi]] || [[Nandita Das]], [[Anupam Kher]] ||
|-
|''[[Ek Aur Ek Gyarah]]'' ||[[David Dhawan]] || [[Sanjay Dutt]], [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]], [[Amrita Arora]], [[Gulshan Grover]], [[Jackie Shroff]], [[Ashish Vidyarthi]] || Comedy
|-
|''[[Ek Din 24 Ghante]]'' || [[Anant Balani]] || [[Rahul Bose]], [[Nandita Das]], [[Kabir Sadanand]], [[Prithvi Zutshi]] ||Thriller
|-
|''[[Escape from Taliban]]'' ||Ujjal Chattopadhyaya || [[Manisha Koirala]] || Drama
|-
|''[[Final Solution (2003 film)|Final Solution]]'' ||[[Rakesh Sharma]] || ||Documentary
|-
|''[[Footpath (2003 film)|Footpath]]'' ||[[Vikram Bhatt]] || [[Aftab Shivdasani]], [[Bipasha Basu]], [[Emraan Hashmi]], [[Rahul Dev]], [[Irrfan Khan]] || Drama
|-
|''[[Freaky Chakra]]''
|[[V. K. Prakash]], Ziba Bhagwagar
|[[Deepti Naval]], [[Sachin Khedekar]], [[Sunil Raoh]], [[Ranvir Shorey]]
|Comedy, Drama
|-
|''[[Fun2shh... Dudes in the 10th Century]]'' || [[Imtiaz Punjabi]] || [[Gulshan Grover]], [[Paresh Rawal]], [[Farida Jalal]] ||Fantasy, Comedy
|-
|''[[Gangaajal]]'' || [[Prakash Jha]] || [[Ajay Devgn]], [[Gracy Singh]], [[Ayub Khan]] || Drama, Social
|-
|''[[Green Card Fever]]'' || [[Bala Rajasekharuni]] || Deep Katdare, Purva Bedi, Vikram Dasu || Drama
|-
|''[[Haasil (film)|Haasil]]'' || [[Tigmanshu Dhulia]] || [[Jimmy Sheirgill]], [[Irrfan Khan]], [[Ashutosh Rana]], [[Hrishita Bhatt]], [[Sudhir Pandey]] || Drama
|-
|''[[Hawa (2003 film)|Hawa]]'' ||[[Guddu Dhanoa]] || [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]], [[Shahbaz Khan (actor)|Shahbaz Khan]] || Horror
|-
|''[[Hawayein (2003 film)|Hawayein]]'' ||[[Ammtoje Mann]] ||[[Babbu Mann]], Ammotje Mann ||Docudrama
|-
|''[[The Hero: Love Story of a Spy]]'' || [[Anil Sharma (director)|Anil Sharma]] || [[Sunny Deol]], [[Preity Zinta]], [[Priyanka Chopra]] || Drama, Action, Thriller
|-
|''Humein Tumse Pyar Ho Gaya Chupke Chupke''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=1892|title=Humein Tumse Pyar Ho Gaya Chupke Chupke - Movie - Box Office India|website=boxofficeindia.com}}</ref> || Pramod Mandloi || Siddharth Dhawan, Shraddha Sharma, [[Kiran Kumar]], [[Raza Murad]], [[Shakti Kapoor]], [[Mehmood Junior]] || Romance, Drama
|-
|''[[Hungama (2003 film)|Hungama]]'' || [[Priyadarshan]] || [[Akshaye Khanna]], [[Rimi Sen]], [[Aftab Shivdasani]], [[Rajpal Yadav]], [[Paresh Rawal]] || Comedy
|-
|''[[Indian Babu]]'' ||[[Lawrence D'Souza]] ||Jaz Pandher, [[Gurleen Chopra]], [[Johnny Lever]] ||Drama
|-
|''[[Inteha (2003 film)|Inteha]]'' ||[[Vikram Bhatt]] || [[Ashmit Patel]], [[Vidya Malvade]], [[Anup Soni]], [[Nauheed Cyrusi]] || Drama, Thriller
|-
|''[[Ishq Vishk]]'' || Ken Ghosh || [[Shahid Kapoor]], [[Amrita Rao]], [[Vishal Malhotra]], [[Satish Shah]], [[Yash Tonk]], [[Neelima Azeem]] || Romance
|-
|''[[Jaal: The Trap]]'' || [[Guddu Dhanoa]] || [[Sunny Deol]], [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]], [[Reema Sen]] || Action, Romance
|-
|''[[Jajantaram Mamantaram]]'' ||Soumitra Ranade || [[Javed Jaffrey]] ||Fantasy
|-
|''[[Janasheen]]'' ||[[Feroz Khan (actor)|Feroz Khan]] || [[Fardeen Khan]], [[Celina Jaitley]], [[Feroz Khan (actor)|Feroz Khan]] || Thriller
|-
|''[[Jhankaar Beats]]'' ||[[Sujoy Ghosh]] || [[Juhi Chawla]], [[Rahul Bose]], [[Rinke Khanna]], [[Kurush Deboo]], [[Sanjay Suri]], [[Riya Sen]], [[Archana Puran Singh]], [[Dinyar Contractor]] || Drama, Musical
|-
|''[[Jism (2003 film)|Jism]]'' || [[Anurag Basu]] || [[Bipasha Basu]], [[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]], [[Gulshan Grover]] || Drama, Romance, Thriller
|-
|''[[Jodi Kya Banayi Wah Wah Ramji]]''||Raman Kumar ||[[Amar Upadhyay]], [[Reema Sen]] ||Drama
|-
|''[[Joggers' Park (film)|Joggers Park]]''||Anant Balani || [[Victor Banerjee]], [[Perizaad Zorabian]], [[Hiten Tejwani]] ||Drama
|-
|''[[Kagaar: Life on the Edge]]''|| [[N. Chandra]] || [[Om Puri]], [[Nandita Das]], [[Amitabh Dayal]] ||
|-
|''[[Kahan Ho Tum (film)|Kahan Ho Tum]]''|| Vijay Kumar || [[Sharman Joshi]], [[Samir Soni]], [[Sonu Sood]], [[Ishitta Arun]] || Thriller
|-
|''[[Kaise Kahoon Ke... Pyaar Hai]]''|| || [[Sunny Deol]] ||
|-
|''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]''|| [[Nikhil Advani]] || [[Jaya Bachchan]], [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Saif Ali Khan]], [[Preity Zinta]], [[Uday Chopra]] || Drama, Romance, Comedy, Family, Musical, Social
|-
|''[[Kash Aap Hamare Hote]]''||Ravindra Peepat || [[Juhi Babbar]], [[Sonu Nigam]] || Romance
|-
|''Khanjar: The Knife''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8b83bbf6|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306095235/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8b83bbf6|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 March 2021|title=KHANJAR - THE KNIFE (2003)|website=BFI}}</ref>||Chander Sharma|| [[Sunil Shetty]], [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]] ||Action
|-
|''[[Khel – No Ordinary Game]]''||Yusuf Khan|| [[Sunil Shetty]], [[Sunny Deol]], [[Ajay Jadeja]], [[Celina Jaitley]]|| Thriller
|-
|''[[Khushi (2003 Hindi film)|Khushi]]'' || [[S. J. Suryah]] || [[Fardeen Khan]], [[Kareena Kapoor]], [[Anup Soni]], [[Amrish Puri]], [[Sharat Saxena]] || Romance
|-
|''[[Khwahish]]''||Govind Menon || [[Mallika Sherawat]], [[Himanshu Malik]] || Drama
|-
|''[[Koi... Mil Gaya]]''|| [[Rakesh Roshan]] ||[[Rekha]], [[Hrithik Roshan]], [[Preity Zinta]] || Romance, Fantasy, Musical
|-
|''[[Kucch To Hai]]''||[[Anurag Basu]] || [[Tusshar Kapoor]], [[Esha Deol]], [[Natassha]], [[Yash Tonk]], [[Rishi Kapoor]], [[Jeetendra]], [[Moonmoon Sen]], [[Johnny Lever]] || Thriller
|-
|''[[Kuch Naa Kaho]]''||[[Rohan Sippy]] || [[Abhishek Bachchan]], [[Aishwarya Rai]], [[Arbaaz Khan]] || Drama, Romance, Musical
|-
|''[[LOC: Kargil]]''|| [[J. P. Dutta]] || [[Ajay Devgn]], [[Sanjay Dutt]], [[Suniel Shetty]], [[Saif Ali Khan]], [[Abhishek Bachchan]], [[Akshaye Khanna]], [[Kareena Kapoor]], [[Rani Mukerji]], [[Sanjay Kapoor]], [[Manoj Bajpai]], [[Isha Koppikar]], [[Mahima Chaudhry]], [[Karan Nath]], [[Esha Deol]], [[Raveena Tandon]] || War, Drama, Historical
|-
|''[[Love at Times Square]]''|| || [[Dev Anand]], [[Moon Moon Sen]], Heenee Kaushik || Drama
|-
|''[[Main Madhuri Dixit Banna Chahti Hoon]]''||[[Chandan Arora]] || [[Antara Mali]], [[Rajpal Yadav]] || Comedy
|-
|''[[Main Prem Ki Diwani Hoon]]'' || [[Sooraj R. Barjatya]] || [[Hrithik Roshan]], [[Kareena Kapoor]], [[Johnny Lever]], [[Abhishek Bachchan]] || Romance, Drama, Comedy
|-
|''[[Market (2003 film)|Market]]''||Jay Prakash ||[[Manisha Koirala]] ||Crime Drama
|-
|''[[Mudda – The Issue|Mudda: The Issue]]''||[[Saurabh Shukla]] ||[[Arya Babbar]], [[Prashant Narayanan]] ||Drama
|-
|''[[Mumbai Matinee]]''||Anant Balani || [[Rahul Bose]], [[Perizaad Zorabian]], [[Anusha Dhandekar]], [[Vijay Raaz]], [[Saurabh Shukla]] ||Romance Comedy
|-
|''[[Mumbai Se Aaya Mera Dost]]'' || [[Apoorva Agnihotri]] || [[Abhishek Bachchan]], [[Lara Dutta]] || Drama
|-
|''[[Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.]]'' || [[Rajkumar Hirani]] || [[Sanjay Dutt]], [[Arshad Warsi]], [[Gracy Singh]], [[Jimmy Sheirgill]], [[Boman Irani]], [[Sunil Dutt]] || Comedy, Social, Musical
|-
|''[[Nayee Padosan]]''||B. H. Tharun Kumar ||[[Mahek Chahal]], [[Vikas Kalantri]], [[Anuj Sawhney]] ||Comedy
|-
|''[[Om (2003 film)|Om]]''||Ashok Honda ||[[Attin Bhalla]], [[Sandali Sinha]], [[Pankaj Dheer]], [[Sharat Saxena]] ||Action
|-
|''[[Oops! (film)|Oops!]]''|| [[Deepak Tijori]] ||[[Kiran Janjani]], [[Vikas Sethi]], [[Mink Brar]], [[Mita Vashisht]] || Erotic Comedy
|-
|''[[Out of Control (2003 film)|Out of Control]]''||[[Apurva Asrani]], Ramanjit Juneja || [[Ritesh Deshmukh]], [[Hrishita Bhatt]], [[Brande Roderick]], [[Amrish Puri]] || Comedy, Romance
|-
|''[[Paap]]'' || [[Pooja Bhatt]] || [[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]], [[Udita Goswami]], [[Gulshan Grover]] || Thriller, Crime
|-
|''[[Parwana (2003 film)|Parwana]]''||[[Deepak Bahry]] || [[Ajay Devgn]], [[Amisha Patel]], [[Pooja Batra]] || Action, Drama, Thriller
|-
|''Patth''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=1190|title=Patth - Movie - Box Office India|website=boxofficeindia.com}}</ref>|| || |[[Milind Gunaji]], [[Sharad Kapoor]], [[Nirmal Pandey]], [[Payal Rohatgi]], Hyder Kazmi ||
|-
|''[[Pinjar (film)|Pinjar]]''||[[Chandrakant Dwivedi]] || [[Urmila Matondkar]], [[Manoj Bajpai]], [[Sanjay Suri]], [[Priyanshu Chatterjee]], [[Isha Koppikar]] || Drama, Social
|-
|''[[The Pink Mirror (2003 film)|The Pink Mirror]]''||[[Sridhar Rangayan]] || ||Social Drama
|-
|''[[Praan Jaye Par Shaan Na Jaye]]''|| [[Sanjay Manjrekar]] || [[Aman Verma (actor)|Aman Verma]], [[Rinke Khanna]], [[Vivek Shauq]], [[Raveena Tandon]], [[Namrata Shirodkar]], [[Dia Mirza]] || Comedy
|-
|''[[Qayamat: City Under Threat]]''||[[Harry Baweja]]|| [[Ajay Devgn]], [[Sunil Shetty]], [[Sanjay Kapoor]], [[Neha Dhupia]], [[Arbaaz Khan]], [[Isha Koppikar]], [[Riya Sen]], [[Aashish Chaudhary]], [[Chunky Pandey]] || Thriller
|-
|''[[Raghu Romeo]]''|| [[Rajat Kapoor]] ||[[Vijay Raaz]], [[Sadiya Siddiqui]] ||Drama
|-
|''[[Raja Bhaiya (film)|Raja Bhaiya]]''||Raman Kumar ||[[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]], [[Aarti Chhabria]] ||Comedy
|-
|''[[Right Here, Right Now (film)|Right Here, Right Now]]''||[[Anand Gandhi]] || ||Parallel Short
|-
|''[[Rules: Pyaar Ka Superhit Formula]]''||Parvati Balagopalan || [[Milind Soman]] ||Romance, Comedy
|-
|''[[Saaya (2003 film)|Saaya]]''||[[Anurag Basu]] || [[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]], [[Tara Sharma]], [[Mahima Chaudhry]] || Drama
|-
|''[[Samay: When Time Strikes]]''||Robby Grewal || [[Sushmita Sen]], [[Jackie Shroff]], [[Sushant Singh]] || Thriller
|-
|''[[Satta (2003 film)|Satta]]'' || [[Madhur Bhandarkar]] || [[Raveena Tandon]] || Drama, Social
|-
|''[[Sssshhh...]]''||Pawan S. Kaul ||[[Karan Nath]], [[Dino Morea]], [[Tanishaa Mukerji]] ||Thriller
|-
|''[[Stumped (film)|Stumped]]''||[[Gaurav Pandey]] || ||Sports Drama
|-
|''[[Supari (2003 film)|Supari]]''|| || [[Uday Chopra]], [[Namrata Shirodkar]] ||
|-
|''Tada'' || Sisir. P. Mishra || [[Monica Bedi]], [[Sharad Kapoor]] ||
|-
|''[[Talaash: The Hunt Begins...]]'' || [[Suneel Darshan]] || [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Kareena Kapoor]] || Thriller
|-
|''[[Tehzeeb (2003 film)|Tehzeeb]]''|| [[Khalid Mohamed]] || [[Urmila Matondkar]], [[Shabana Azmi]], [[Arjun Rampal]], [[Rishi Kapoor]], [[Diya Mirza]], [[Namrata Shirodkar]] ||Drama
|-
|''[[Tere Naam]]''|| [[Satish Kaushik]] || [[Salman Khan]], [[Bhoomika Chawla]], [[Sarfaraz Khan]] || Drama, Romance
|-
|[[The Perfect Husband (2003 film)|''The Perfect Husband'']] || Priya Singh Paul || [[Parvin Dabas]], [[Neha Dubey]], [[Rajeshwari Sachdev]]
|| Drama
|-
|''[[Tujhe Meri Kasam]]''||[[K. Vijaya Bhaskar]] || [[Riteish Deshmukh]], [[Genelia D'Souza]] || Romance
|-
|''[[Tumse Milke Wrong Number]]''||Jignesh M. Vaishav || [[Tinnu Anand]] ||Thriller
|-
|''[[Waisa Bhi Hota Hai Part II]]''||[[Shashanka Ghosh]] || [[Arshad Warsi]], [[Sandhya Mridul]], [[Prashant Narayanan]] ||Action Drama
|-
|''[[Xcuse Me]]''||[[N. Chandra]] || [[Sahil Khan]], [[Sharman Joshi]], [[Payal Rohatgi]] || Comedy
|-
|''[[Yeh Dil]]''||[[Teja (film director)|Teja]] || [[Tusshar Kapoor]], [[Natassha]], [[Akhilendra Mishra]], [[Sharat Saxena]] ||Romance, Drama
|-
|''[[Zameen (2003 film)|Zameen]]''||[[Rohit Shetty]] || [[Ajay Devgn]], [[Abhishek Bachchan]], [[Bipasha Basu]] || Thriller
|}

==See also==
* [[List of Hindi films of 2004]]
* [[List of Hindi films of 2002]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.imdb.com/List?year=2003&&language=Hindi&&tv=on&&heading=9;2003;Hindi&&related=9;2003;2003;Hindi;Hindi&&nav=/Sections/Years/2003/include-bylanguage Bollywood films of 2003] at the [[Internet Movie Database]]

{{Bollywood|horiz}}
{{Indian film list}}
{{2003 films}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bollywood Films Of 2003}}
[[Category:Lists of Hindi films by year|2003]]
[[Category:Lists of 2003 films by language|Hindi]]
[[Category:2003 in Indian cinema]]
[[Category:2003 Hindi-language films|*]]

Pune Marathas (tennis)

2026-02-26T10:40:05Z

DougHuonDeKermad:

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox sports team
| team = Pune Marathas
| current =
| color1 =
| color2 =
| logo =
| pixels =
| founded = 2014
| history =
| arena =
| ballpark =
| stadium =
| city = [[Pune|Pune, Maharashtra]]
| colors =
| colours =
| owner = Mysport Management Private Limited
| president =
| coach =
| manager =
| nickname =
| league = [[Champions Tennis League|CTL]]
| championships =
| titles =
| cheerleaders =
| dancers =
| mascot =
| broadcasters =
| media =
| website =
| uniforms =
}}

'''Pune Marathas''' is a tennis team representing the city of [[Pune]], India, in [[Champions Tennis League]]. The franchise is owned by Mysport, which has been promoted by [[Rendezvous Group]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/ctl-s-pune-franchise-named-as-pune-marathas-114111101220_1.html |title=CTL's Pune franchise named as Pune Marathas | Business Standard News |newspaper=Business Standard India |publisher=Business-standard.com |date=2014-11-11 |access-date=2015-06-02}}</ref>

The players representing this team are [[Pat Cash]], [[Marcos Baghdatis]], [[Agnieszka Radwańska]], [[Saketh Myneni]], Shweta Rana and [[S D Prajwal Dev]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oneindia.com/sports/your-complete-guide-to-champions-tennis-league-ctl-1559995.html|title=Your complete guide to Champions Tennis League (CTL) |publisher=Oneindia.com |access-date=2015-06-02}}</ref> Bollywood actor [[Shreyas Talpade]] is the team's brand ambassador.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tennis/top-stories/Shreyas-Talpade-named-brand-ambassador-of-Pune-Marathas-for-CTL/articleshow/45114055.cms |title=Shreyas Talpade named brand ambassador of Pune Marathas for CTL - The Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |access-date=2015-06-02}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Tennis teams in India]]
[[Category:Sports clubs and teams in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Sport in Pune]]
[[Category:2014 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Sports clubs and teams established in 2014]]

{{Sport-team-stub}}
{{Tennis-stub}}
{{India-sport-stub}}

Dhatki language

2026-02-24T23:28:44Z

DougHuonDeKermad: Updated formatting and improved readability

{{Short description|Indo-Aryan language of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Dhatki
| nativename = ڍاٽڪي Dhatki ڍاٽي Dhatti ٿَري Thari
| states = [[Pakistan]] ([[Tharparkar]] and [[Umerkot District|Umerkot]] districts of [[Sindh]]) 
[[India]] ([[Jaisalmer district|Jaisalmer]] and [[Barmer district]]s of [[Rajasthan]])
| speakers = {{sigfig|1816400|2}}
| date = 2024
| ref = e28
| ethnicity = [[Thari people|Tharis]]
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam2 = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
| fam3 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
| fam4 = [[Western Indo-Aryan languages|Western]]
| fam5 = [[Sindhi languages|Sindhic]] or [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]]
| fam6 =
| script = [[Arabic script]], [[Devanagari]],{{citation needed|date=September 2025}} [[Mahajani]]{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}
| iso3 = mki
| glotto = dhat1238
| glottorefname = Dhatki
| notice = IPA
| image = Dhatki_language.png
| imagecaption = The word Dhatki written in the Sindhi alphabet (top) and the Devanagari script (bottom)
| map = File:The_dialects_of_Sindhi_language.png
| mapcaption = Dhatki language map in blue
}}

'''Dhatki''' (धाटकी; ڍاٽڪي), also known as '''Dhatti''' (धाटी; ڍاٽي), '''Thari''' (थारी; ٿَري), is a [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan language]] of the [[Indo-European language]] family. It is mainly spoken in [[Tharparkar]] and [[Umerkot District|Umerkot]] districts of [[Sindh]], in the [[Barmer district]] of [[Rajasthan]].

==Speakers==
Dhatki/Dhatti is considered either related to [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]], or [[Marwari language|Rajasthani (Marwari)]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Linguistic Survey of India |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/books/lsi/lsi.php?volume=8-1&pages=600#page/156/mode/1up |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=dsal.uchicago.edu |quote=To sum up, we have in Southwest Marwar-Mallani and in the Thar or Dhat of Thar and Parkar and of Jaisalmer a number of forms of speech, all mixtures of Marwari and Sindhi in varying proportions. They may be considered either as dialects of Sindhi, or as dialects of Marwari.}}</ref> Dhatki dialects are divided into two groups Western Dhatki and Eastern Dhatki. Western Dhatki is spoken in Tharparkar, [[Pakistan]] while Eastern Dhatki is spoken along Indo-Pakistan border in [[Jaisalmer]] and [[Barmer district|Barmer]] districts of India. Dhatki dialects and their names are based on the regions in Tharpakar which Include: Muhrano and Samroti etc.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Laghari |first=Inayat Hussain |date=December 2005 |title=Dhataki (Thari) language is sub dialect of Sindhi language. |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282661124 |website=ResearchGate}}</ref>

Speakers of the Dhatki language can be ethnically Rajasthani, Thari, Sindhi and Gujarati, the Dhatki language unites these ethnically diverse groups under one mother tongue and under one umbrella. Some Dhatki-speaking communities migrated to [[India]] in 1947 after the independence and continued to do so in small numbers after that date, but the great majority of Dhatki speakers still reside in [[Pakistan]].<ref name=":0" /> Dhatki/Dhati is spoken by these communities:
{{columns-list|colwidth=35em|
* [[Thari people|The Tharis]]
* [[Pushkarna Brahmins]]
* [[Kumhar|Kunbhar]]
* [[Maheshwaris]]
* [[Rajputs]]
* [[Rajpurohit]]
* [[Charan]]
* [[Sodha]]
* [[Khatri]]
* [[Malhi (Jat clan)|Malhi]]
* [[Suthar]]
* [[Bajeer]]
* [[Sunar|Sonara]]
* [[Meghwal]]
* [[Bhil|Bheel]]
* [[Harijan]]
* [[Garasia|Garasiya]]
* [[Manganiar]]
}}

The majority speakers of Dhatki language live in [[Umerkot District]] and [[Tharparkar District]] in [[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]]. 60% of the language's speakers are Muslims, 35% are Hindu and the remaining 5% practice traditional folk religions.

==Phonology==
Dhatki has [[implosive]] consonants, unlike other closely related Rajasthani languages but like the neighbouring (but more distantly related) [[Sindhi language]]. It is likely that these consonants developed in the language from contact with more culturally dominant Sindhi speakers. Aside from this, its phonology is much like other Indo-Aryan languages:

{|class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
|+ Dhakti consonants
|-
! colspan="2" |
! [[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! [[Dental consonant|Dental]]/ [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! [[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! [[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
! [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! colspan=2| [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| {{IPAlink|m}}
| {{IPAlink|n}}
| {{IPAplink|ɳ}}1
|({{IPAlink|ɲ}})1
|({{IPAlink|ŋ}})1
|
|
|-
! rowspan=4| [[Plosive consonant|Plosive]]/ [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
! [[voicelessness|voiceless]]
| {{IPAlink|p}}
| {{IPAlink|t̪}}
| {{IPAlink|ʈ}}
| {{IPAlink|tʃ}}
| {{IPAlink|k}}
| ({{IPAlink|q}})1
|
|-
! [[voicelessness|voiceless]] [[aspirated consonant|aspirated]]
| {{IPAlink|pʰ}}
| {{IPAlink|t̪ʰ}}
| {{IPAlink|ʈʰ}}
| {{IPAlink|tʃʰ}}
| {{IPAlink|kʰ}}
|
|
|-
! [[voice (phonetics)|voiced]]
| {{IPAlink|b}}
| {{IPAlink|d̪}}
| {{IPAlink|ɖ}}
| {{IPAlink|dʒ}}
| {{IPAlink|ɡ}}
|
|
|-
! [[voice (phonetics)|voiced]] [[aspirated consonant|aspirated]]
| {{IPAlink|bʱ}}
| {{IPAlink|d̪ʱ}}
| {{IPAlink|ɖʱ}}
| {{IPAlink|dʒʱ}}
| {{IPAlink|ɡʱ}}
|
|
|-
! rowspan=1| [[Implosive consonant|Implosive]]
! [[voice (phonetics)|voiced]]
|{{IPAlink|ɓ}}
|{{IPAlink|ɗ}}
|
|{{IPAlink|ʄ}}
|{{IPAlink|ɠ}}
|
|
|-
! rowspan=2| [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
! [[voicelessness|voiceless]]
| {{IPAlink|f}}
| {{IPAlink|s}}
| {{IPAplink|ʂ}}1
| {{IPAlink|ʃ}}
| {{IPAplink|x}}1
|
|
|-
! [[voice (phonetics)|voiced]]
|
| {{IPAlink|z}}
|
|
| ({{IPAlink|ɣ}})1,2
|
| {{IPAlink|ɦ}}
|-
! rowspan=2| [[Flap consonant|Flap]]
! plain
|
| {{IPAlink|ɾ}}
| {{IPAplink|ɽ}}1
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[voice (phonetics)|voiced]] [[aspiration (phonetics)|aspirated]]
|
|
| ({{IPAlink|ɽʱ}})1
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan=2| [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| {{IPAlink|ʋ}}
| {{IPAlink|l}}
| {{IPAlink|ɭ}}
| {{IPAlink|j}}
|
|
|
|}
;Notes
# Marginal and non-universal phonemes are in parentheses. {{IPA|/ɽ/}} is lateral {{IPAblink|ɺ̢}} for some speakers (Masica 1991:98).
# {{IPA|/ɣ/}} is [[Voiced velar fricative|post-velar]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kachru |first=Yamuna |author-link=Yamuna Kachru |year=2006 |title=Hindi |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing |isbn=90-272-3812-X |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ooH5VfLTQEQC |page=20}}</ref>

Dhakti has a fairly standard set of vowels for an Indo-Aryan language: [ə aː ɪ iː ʊ (sometimes: u) uː eː oː ɛː ɔː]. The vowel ''ʊ'' may be realized as a short ''u'' and the vowel ''ɪ'' may be realized as a short ''i''. The vowel ''ɛː'' is often realized as the diphthong ''əiː'' based and context or as an ''æː'' based on the speaker's accent. The vowel ''ɔː'' is often realized as the diphthong ''əuː'' based and context. Nazalized vowels occur word finally in Dhakti, they are: [ĩː ẽː ɛ̃ː ɑ̃ː ɔ̃ː õː ũː].

==Samples==
A few of the typical sentences in Dhatki are:
* {{IPA|[tu ki karen to?]}} "What are you doing?", {{IPA|[Hoon Ayye page parhan pio]}} "I am reading this Page.",
* {{IPA|[tayo naam ki aheyy?]}} "What is your name?",
* {{IPA|[mina roti khani aheyy]}} "I have to eat" ''(Literally translates to "I have to eat [[roti]])''.
* {{IPA|[tu kith jaeen to?]}} "where are you going? {{IPA|[Kithe Konhi]}} "Nowhere.",
* {{IPA|[tu kein aheen?]}} "How are you?". {{IPA|[Hoon Theek Ahan]}} "I am Fine",
{Tu Kun aheen?}-"who are you?"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!English
!Dhatki
!Sindhi
!Marwari
|-
|I
|Hu(n)
|Ma(n)/Aao(n)
|Mai(n)
|-
|You (informal)
|Tu(n)
|Tu(n)
|Tu
|-
|My
|Mahyo/Mahajo
|Munjo
|Mahro
|-
|Your
|Tahyo/Tahajo
|Tunjo
|Tharo
|-
|What
|Ki
|Chha
|Kaain
|-
|Name
|Naam
|Nav/Nalo
|Naam
|-
|To look
|Jovan/Disan
|Disan
|Jovan
|-
|Go
|Ja
|Wanj
|Jawo
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}{{Incubator|mki}}{{Indo-Aryan languages}}
{{Languages of Pakistan}}

[[Category:Languages of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Languages of Sindh]]
[[Category:Dialects of Sindhi]]
[[Category:Languages written in Devanagari]]
[[Category:Thari people]]
[[Category:Rajasthani languages]]

Nandi Awards of 1974

2026-02-24T02:47:43Z

DougHuonDeKermad:

{{Short description|Indian Telugu film and TV awards ceremony}}
{{one source|date=July 2021}}
{{Nandi Awards}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}

The [[Nandi Awards]] were presented annually by the Government of Andhra Pradesh to recognise excellence in [[Telugu cinema]]. The first awards were presented in 1964. The following won the best films awards in 1974.

== 1974 Nandi Awards Winners List ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Category<ref>{{cite web|date=|title=Nandi Award winners 1964-2008|url=https://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|accessdate=14 July 2021}}</ref>
!Winner
!Film
|-
|[[List of winners of the Nandi Award for Best Feature Film|Best Feature Film]]
|[[V.Ramachandra Rao|V. Ramachandra Rao]]
|[[Alluri Seetarama Raju (film)|Alluri Seetarama Raju]]
|-
|Second Best Feature Film
|[[K. Viswanath]]
|[[O Seeta Katha]]
|-
|Third Best Feature Film
|[[U.Visweswara Rao|U. Visweswara Rao]]
|[[Teerpu]]
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Nandi Awards]]
[[Category:1974 awards]]

The Song of the Women

2026-02-23T15:35:47Z

DougHuonDeKermad: done.

{{Short description|1888 poem by Rudyard Kipling}}{{Infobox poem
| name = The Song of the Women
| author = [[Rudyard Kipling]]
| publication_date = 1888
| image =
| caption =
| country = India
| written =
| first = ''[[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]]''
| genre =
| fetchwikidata = ALL
}}

"'''The Song of the Women'''" is an 1888 poem by Indian-born English writer [[Rudyard Kipling]], published in Indian newspaper ''[[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]]'' on 17 April and shortly thereafter in other papers. It was written in support of [[Hariot Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, Marchioness of Dufferin and Ava|Lady Dufferin]]’s Fund, which provided medical aid to Indian women denied access to male doctors.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Kent |first=Kelley S. |date=2015 |title=Feminist and New Historicist Readings of Kipling's "The Man Who Would Be King" |url=http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1019/feminist-and-new-historicist-readings-of-kiplings-the-man-who-would-be-king |journal=Inquiries Journal |language=en |volume=7 |issue=3}}</ref>

It was originally published with a prose heading quoting from an address "of the women of [[Uttarpara|Utterpara]]" to Lady Dufferin. In the poem, the women of India ponder about how to express their gratitude, asking the wind to send Lady Dufferin their blessings and thanks.<ref name=":3" />

== Background ==
[[File:Hariot, Marchioness of Dufferin and Ava 1884-1886.jpg|thumb|[[Hariot Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, Marchioness of Dufferin and Ava|Lady Dufferin]]]]
[[File:Senior_wives_chaupar_1790.jpg|thumb|A [[zenana]], in which women were secluded, in [[Lucknow]]]]
The latter half of the 19th century was an age of social reform for Indian women, with efforts made to address such issues as female illiteracy, ''[[purdah]]'', female infanticide and child marriage. Around the 1860s, Western women such as [[Mary Carpenter]] and [[Annette Beveridge|Annette Ackroyd]] took an active role in advancing female education in India.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sen |first=Indrani |date=2000 |title=Gendering (Anglo) India: Rudyard Kipling and the Construction of Women |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3517975 |journal=Social Scientist |volume=28 |issue=9/10 |page=18 |doi=10.2307/3517975 |jstor=3517975 |issn=0970-0293|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Prior to the departure of Lady Dufferin from Britain in 1884 with her appointment as [[Vicereine of India]], she was asked by [[Queen Victoria]] to investigate the possibilities of providing medical relief to Indian women, whose suffering the Queen was reported to be deeply concerned by. Lady Dufferin concluded that "taking India as a whole, its women were undoubtedly without that medical aid which their European sisters are accustomed to consider as absolutely necessary," with there being an "urgent need" for relief and "readiness for co-operation." She subsequently established her fund, also known as the ''National Association for supplying Female Medical Aid to the Women of India'', to provide such aid. Her fund, or association, trained women medical staff to tend to women not permitted to see male doctors.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lal |first=Maneesha |date=1994 |title=The Politics of Gender and Medicine in Colonial India: The Countess of Dufferin's Fund, 1885-1888 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44451545 |journal=Bulletin of the History of Medicine |volume=68 |issue=1 |pages=34–35 |jstor=44451545 |pmid=8173304 |issn=0007-5140}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=McGivering |first=John |date=1 January 2011 |title=The Song of the Women |url=https://www.kiplingsociety.co.uk/readers-guide/rg_songofwomen1.htm |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=The Kipling Society |language=en-GB}}</ref>

Hidden from the world, Indian women had no voice among either their indigenous countrymen or English men. Kipling privately sympathised with them, believing that “the Indian treatment of women” constituted “the main obstacle to closer relations between the natives and their rulers” and cited ''zenana, [[Sati (practice)|suttee]]'', “infant marriage ... enforced widowhood” and prostitution which women were subjected to.<ref name=":22">{{Cite journal |last=Kent |first=Kelley S. |date=2015 |title=Feminist and New Historicist Readings of Kipling's "The Man Who Would Be King" |url=http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1019/feminist-and-new-historicist-readings-of-kiplings-the-man-who-would-be-king |journal=Inquiries Journal |language=en |volume=7 |issue=3}}</ref> Kipling greatly admired Lady Dufferin's advocacy for the rights of Indian women even as he objected to [[Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava|Lord Dufferin]]'s support for the fledging [[Indian National Congress]].<ref name=":3" />

Kipling's later 1892 novel ''[[The Naulahka: A Story of West and East|The Naulahka]]'' written with [[Wolcott Balestier]] likewise concerns the denial of health care to Indian women.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Keskar |first=Sharad |date=27 August 2012 |title=The Naulahka |url=https://www.kiplingsociety.co.uk/readers-guide/rg_naulahka.htm |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=The Kipling Society |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

== Poem ==
{{Poem quote|text=How shall she know the worship we would do her?
The walls are high, and she is very far.
How shall the women’s message reach unto her
Above the tumult of the packed bazaar?
Free wind of March, against the lattice blowing,
Bear thou our thanks, lest she depart unknowing.

Go forth across the fields we may not roam in,
Go forth beyond the trees that rim the city,
To whatsoe’er fair place she hath her home in,
Who dowered us with wealth of love and pity.
Out of our shadow pass, and seek her singing—
“I have no gifts but Love alone for bringing.”

Say that we be a feeble folk who greet her,
But old in grief, and very wise in tears;
Say that we, being desolate, entreat her
That she forget us not in after years;
For we have seen the light, and it were grievous
To dim that dawning if our lady leave us.

By life that ebbed with none to staunch the failing
By Love’s sad harvest garnered in the spring,
When Love in ignorance wept unavailing
O’er young buds dead before their blossoming;
By all the grey owl watched, the pale moon viewed,
In past grim years, declare our gratitude!

By hands uplifted to the Gods that heard not,
By fits that found no favor in their sight,
By faces bent above the babe that stirred not,
By nameless horrors of the stifling night;
By ills foredone, by peace her toils discover,
Bid Earth be good beneath and Heaven above her!

If she have sent her servants in our pain
If she have fought with Death and dulled his sword;
If she have given back our sick again.
And to the breast the weakling lips restored,
Is it a little thing that she hath wrought?
Then Life and Death and Motherhood be nought.

Go forth, O wind, our message on thy wings,
And they shall hear thee pass and bid thee speed,
In reed-roofed hut, or white-walled home of kings,
Who have been holpen by her in their need.
All spring shall give thee fragrance, and the wheat
Shall be a tasselled floorcloth to thy feet.

Haste, for our hearts are with thee, take no rest!
Loud-voiced ambassador, from sea to sea
Proclaim the blessing, manifold, confessed.
Of those in darkness by her hand set free.
Then very softly to her presence move,
And whisper: “Lady, lo, they know and love!”}}

== See also ==

* [[Zenana missions]]
* [[Women's health in India]]
* [[Gender inequality in India]]

== References ==
<references />

*
{{Rudyard Kipling}}
[[Category:Women's rights in India]]
[[Category:Poetry by Rudyard Kipling]]

Charhi railway station

2026-02-17T08:04:18Z

DougHuonDeKermad:

{{short description|Railway station in Jharkhand, India}}
{{Infobox station
| name = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|50px]] {{font color|blue|CHARHI}}
| type = [[Indian Railways]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image = Charhi railway station.png
| image_size =
| image_caption = Charhi railway station
| address = [[Charhi]], [[Hazaribagh district]], [[Jharkhand]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.8421|85.4418|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline}}
| map_type = India#India Jharkhand
| elevation =
| line = [[Koderma–Hazaribagh–Barkakana–Ranchi line]]
| other =
| structure =
| platform =
| tracks =
| entrances =
| parking =
| baggage_check =
| opened =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = 
| accessible =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = CHRI
| zone = [[East Central Railway zone|East Central Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Dhanbad}}
}}
| owned =
| operator =
| status = Functional
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| map_locator =
}}
{{Koderma–Hazaribagh–Barkakana line|collapse=y}}
'''Charhi Railway Station''' is a station on the Koderma–Hazaribagh–Barkakana line in [[Churchu (community development block)]], [[Hazaribagh district]], [[Jharkhand]], serving [[Charhi]] and nearby areas.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/koderma-barkakana-passenger-53371/30224/1428/10614 | title= 73371 => 53371 Koderma–Barkakhana Passenger |publisher=India Rail Info| accessdate = 11 November 2017}}</ref>

Charhi railway station is located at an altitude of 453 m above mean sea level. Hazaribagh Town is 27 km and Barkakana is 30 km from Charhi.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://erailway.co.in/stations/CHRI-Charhi | title = CHRI Charhi Railway Station | publisher = e-railway | accessdate = 7 January 2019 | archive-date = 8 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190108201334/https://erailway.co.in/stations/CHRI-Charhi | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==History==
This line was announced in Railway Budget 1999 under the rule of [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]. After 16 years, this dream was fulfilled on 20 February 2015. It was inaugurated by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] along with Jharkhand Governor [[Syed Ahmad]], Chief Minister [[Raghubar Das]], Union Railways Minister [[Suresh Prabhu]], Union Minister of State for Railways [[Manoj Sinha]], Union Minister of State for Finance and Hazaribagh MP [[Jayant Sinha]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/pm-narendra-modi-flags-off-hazaribagh-koderma-dmu-train/| title= Hazaribagh Town railway station opens| date= 20 February 2015| access-date = 21 February 2015}}</ref> 57 km long Hazaribagh–Barkakana section was opened for passenger trains on 7 December 2016 by Railway Minister [[Suresh Prabhu]] in the presence of Chief Minister [[Raghubar Das]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/hazaribagh-barkakana-railway-line-opened-for-traffic-116120701202_1.html|title = Hazaribagh-Barkakana railway line opened for traffic|newspaper = Business Standard India|date = 7 December 2016|agency = Press Trust of India}}</ref> Also a railway coal siding line has been constructed from Hazaribagh Town to Bandag.

New Railway line between Tatisilwai and Sanki was inaugurated by CM [[Raghubar Das]] on 29 August 2019. Two new pairs of passenger trains between Hatia and Sanki station started on 29 August 2019.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} Trial run on the newly constructed remaining Sidhwar-Sanki 27 kilometer rail section was successful on November 18 2022. 4 tunnels, 32 curves and five major bridges have been constructed in this 27 km long rail section.{{cn|date=October 2023}}

== Trains ==
Charhi railway station handles trains four times daily. The trains are run by [[East Central Railway zone]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.railrider.in/CHRI-CHARHI-Railway-Station |title = 4 trains pass through Charhi Railway Station |publisher= rail rider | accessdate = 7 January 2019 }}</ref> Following are the trains arriving and departing from Charhi railway station.

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+<big>Passenger Trains</big>
!style="background-color:#cfcfcf;" align="center"| Sl.No. !! Train No. !! Train Name
|-
| 1|| 53371 || Koderma–Barkakana Passenger
|-
| 2|| 53372 || Barkakana–Koderma Passenger
|-
| 3|| 53373 || Koderma–Barkakana Passenger
|-
| 4|| 53374 || Barkakana–Koderma Passenger
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Railway stations in Jharkhand}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Hazaribagh district]]

{{Jharkhand-railstation-stub}}

Sarath Das

2026-02-11T07:10:53Z

DougHuonDeKermad: done.

{{short description|Indian actor and dubbing artist|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sarath Das
| image =
| caption = Sarath Das
| birth_name =
| birth_date ={{birth date and age|1978|07|25|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Aluva]], [[Kerala]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| othername =
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Actor]]|[[Voice artist]]}}
| years_active = 1993 – present
| spouse = Manju Sarath
| children = 2
| parents = {{ubl|[[Kalamandalam Haridas]]|Saraswathi Haridas}}
| awards = [[Kerala State Film Awards]]
| homepage =
}}

'''Sarath Das''' (born 25 July 1978) is an Indian actor and dubbing artist who works in [[Malayalam]] films and television. He is known for his role as [[Lord Krishna]] in the serial ''Sree Mahabhagavatham'' telecasted on [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]. He has had a lengthy career of over twenty five years. He received the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Dubbing Artist]] twice.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/quick-five-twenty-years-and-counting/article7101768.ece | title=Twenty years and counting | date=16 April 2015 | newspaper=The Hindu | first=Athira | last=M | access-date=29 August 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/my-role-in-bhramanam-is-also-a-cautionary-tale-of-the-evil-people-in-our-society-sarath-das/articleshow/64721205.cms | title=My role in Bhramanam is also a cautionary tale of the evil people in our society: Sarath das | newspaper=The Times of India | date=30 June 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mazhavilmanorama.com/shows/fiction/bhramanam.html|title = Watch Movies, TV Shows & Live News Online - ManoramaMAX}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Sarath Das was born in [[Aluva]] to the prominent [[Kathakali]] singer [[Kalamandalam Haridas]] and Saraswathi. But, most of his life was spent in [[Thiruvananthapuram]], where his father got settled. Sarath right from his childhood was trained in Mridangam and violin. He studied in NSS School, Perunthanni, Thiruvananthapuram. He is married to Manju and has two children. He has a younger brother named Harith.

==Career==
Sarath's first film ''[[Swaham]]'' was released in 1994 in which he had the opportunity to act with his father. Later, he got a handful of opportunities including the evergreen hits like ''[[Ennu Swantham Janakikutty]]'', ''[[Madhuranombarakattu]]'', ''[[Indriyam]]'', ''[[Devadoothan]]'', ''[[Natturajavu]]'' and ''[[Pathram]]''.

Later, he appeared in miniscreens where he acted in more than 100 television serials. Hence, he became a familiar face to the audience from Kerala. The most remarkable role acted by Sarath in television was that of [[Lord Krishna]] in the serial ''Sree Mahabhagavatham'' telecasted in [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]. He was widely recognised throughout Kerala through this serial.He was also famous for playing the role of famous singer named Niranajan in Harichandanam which was a serial aired in Asianet.

He performed lead roles in many television operas including ''Manasu'',''Alavudeente Albhuthavilakku'' and ''Amma''. He has also acted in ''Minnukettu'', ''Sree Guruvayurappan'', ''Manasaputhri'', ''Autograph'' and many more.

Sarath is currently acting in the serial ''[[Bhramanam]]'' in which he portrays a character with negative shades.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/my-role-in-bhramanam-is-also-a-cautionary-tale-of-the-evil-people-in-our-society-sarath-das/articleshow/64721205.cms|title=My character in the serial Bhramanam is also a cautionary tale of the evil people in our society: Sarath Das}}</ref>

Apart from acting, Sarath is also familiar as a dubbing artist. He has dubbed the voice of actor [[Sidharth Bharathan]] in the movie ''[[Nammal]]''. He has also dubbed for [[Aravind Akash]] in the movie Koottu. He has lent voice to other prominent actors including [[Unni Mukundan]], [[Siddharth Lama|Sidharth Lama]], [[Bala (actor)|Bala]], [[Narain (actor)|Narain]], [[Nishan (actor)|Nishan]] and many more. He has also dubbed in the Malayalam versions of many famous Telugu films like ''[[Happy Days (2007 film)|Happy Days]]'', ''[[Kotha Bangaru Lokam|Ithu Njangalude Lokam]]'' etc., and Kannada films ''[[Milana (film)|Ishtam Enikkishtam]]'', and ''[[James (2022 film)|James]]'', where he dubbed for [[Puneeth Rajkumar]]. He has received [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Dubbing Artist]] for the film ''[[Achuvinte Amma]]'' in the year 2006.

==Filmography==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ List of Sarath Das film credits
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" |1994
|''[[Swaham]]''
|Kannan
|First film
|-
|''[[Sammohanam]]''
|Ambu
|
|-
|1998
|''[[Ennu Swantham Janakikutty]]''
|Bhaskaran
|
|-
|1999
|''[[Pathram]]''
|Ibnu
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2000
|''[[Darling Darling (2000 film)|Darling Darling]]''
|Manikuttan
|
|-
|''[[Indriyam]]''
|Anoop
|
|-
|''[[Devadoothan]]''
|Manoj
|
|-
|''[[Madhuranombarakattu]]''
|Iqbal
|
|-
|2001
|''[[Sathyameva Jayathe]]''
|Sasi
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2002
|Aabharanacharthu
|Vishnu
|
|-
|''Snehadoothu''
|
|
|-

| rowspan="3" |2004
|''[[Natturajavu]]''
|Samuel
|
|-
|''Thudakkam''
|Rasheed Sulaiman
|
|-
|''[[Rain Rain Come Again]]''
|Marco Polo
|
|-

|2006
|''[[Chakkara Muthu]]''
| Rajeev
| Cameo appearance
|-
|2007
|''[[July 4 (film)|July 4]]''
| Suresh Ramachandran
|
|-
|2012
|''[[Molly Aunty Rocks!]]''
|Fr. Joby Mathews
|
|-

|2014
|''[[Swapaanam]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2015
|''[[Oru Vadakkan Selfie]]''
|Uncredited role
|
|-
|''[[Su.. Su... Sudhi Vathmeekam]]''
|Jayan
|
|-

|2017
|''[[Matchbox (2017 film)|Matchbox]]''
|Appu
|
|-
|2023
|''[[Kunjamminis Hospital]]''
|Dr. Sam Joseph
|
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Am Ah]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2025-01-03 |title=Dileesh Pothan and Jaffer Idukki's Am Ah gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Jan/03/dileesh-pothan-and-jaffer-idukkis-am-ah-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

==As dubbing artist==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Film!! Dubbed For !! Character
|-
| 2002|| ''[[Nammal]]''|| [[Sidharth Bharathan]] || Shyam
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2004|| ''[[Wanted (2004 film)|Wanted]]''|| [[Aravind Akash]] || Nandhu
|-
| ''[[Ennittum]]''|| [[Sidharth Bharathan]] || Jith
|-
| ''[[Koottu (film)|Koottu]]''|| [[Aravind Akash]] || Balagopal
|-
| ''[[Sye (2004 film)|Challenge]]''|| [[Nithiin]] || Prudhvi
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2005|| ''[[Otta Nanayam]]''|| Dinu Dennis || Aravindan
|-
| ''December''|| K. V Manjulan || Dr Ravi Shankaranarayan
|-
| ''[[Achuvinte Amma]]''|| [[Narain (actor)|Narain]] || Adv. Immanuel John alias Ijo
|-
| 2006|| ''[[Nottam]]''|| Ajir Shujahi || Vishnu
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2007|| ''[[Pranayakalam]]''|| [[Ajmal Ameer]] || Renjith
|-
| ''[[Happy Days]] (Malayalam Version)''|| [[Varun Sandesh]] || Chandrashekhar
|-
| ''[[Big B (film)|Big B]]''|| [[Bala (actor)|Bala]] || Murugan John Kurishingal
|-
| ''[[Milana (film)|Ishtam Enikkishtam]]'' || [[Puneeth Rajkumar]] ||Akash
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2008|| ''[[Kotha Bangaru Lokam|Ithu Njagalude Lokam]]'' || [[Varun Sandesh]] || Balu
|-
| ''[[Sound of Boot]]''|| rowspan="2" | [[Bala (actor)|Bala]] ||Rahul Krishna
|-
| ''[[SMS (2008 film)|SMS]]''|| Kichan
|-
| ''[[Orkkuka Vallappozhum]]''|| [[Rejith Menon]] || Sethumadhavan (Teen)
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2009 ||''[[Puthiya Mukham]]''|| [[Bala (actor)|Bala]] || Sudhi
|-
|''[[Robin Hood (2009 film)|Robin Hood]]''|| [[Narain (actor)|Narain]] || Alexander Felix
|-
|''[[Angel John]]''|| [[Shanthnoo Bhagyaraj]] || Maradona Joseph
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2010 ||''[[Apoorvaragam]]''|| [[Nishan (actor)|Nishan]] || Roopesh
|-
|''[[Alexander the Great (2010 film)|Alexander the Great]]''|| rowspan="2" | [[Bala (actor)|Bala]] || Manoj Varma
|-
|''[[Avan (2010 film)|Avan]]''|| Krishnan
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2011 || ''[[100% Love (2011 film)|100% Love]]'' (Malayalam Version) || [[Naga Chaitanya]] || Balu
|-
| ''[[Ninnishtam Ennishtam 2]]'' || Suresh Nair ||Sreekumar
|-
| ''[[Uppukandam Brothers: Back in Action]]'' || Shameer Khan || Uppukandom Sebastian
|-
| ''[[Urumi (film)|Urumi]]'' || Ankur Khanna || Bhanu Vikraman
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2012 || ''Crime Story'' || [[Rahul Madhav]] || Sachin Jacob
|-
| ''[[Ezham Suryan]]'' || [[Unni Mukundan]] || Chitrabhanu
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2013 ||''[[Rebecca Uthup Kizhakkemala]]''|| [[Sidharth Bharathan]] || Arjun
|-
| ''[[Black Butterfly (2013 film)|Black Butterfly]]''|| [[Niranj Maniyanpilla Raju]] || Deepak
|-
| 2014 || ''Nadabrahmam''|| Kaushik Babu || Krishna
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2015 || ''Saaradhi''|| Vishnu Raghav || Dr. Deepak Peethambaran
|-
| ''Kukkiliyar''|| ||
|-
| ''Lavendar''|| ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2016 || ''Study Tour''||Kaushik Babu ||
|-
| [[Edavappathy]] || [[Siddharth Lama]] || Siddharath / Upagupta
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2017 ||''Hadhiya''|| [[Nishan (actor)|Nishan]] || Brahmanandan
|-
|''[[Oh My Friend|Njanum Ente Sreeyum]]'' || [[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]] || Chandu
|-
| 2022 ||''[[James (2022 film)|James]]'' (Malayalam Version) || [[Puneeth Rajkumar]] || Santhosh Kumar aka “James”
|}

==Television==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Partial ist of Sarath Das television credits
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Channel !! Notes
|-
|1996
|''Manasu''||||rowspan=4|DD Malayalam||
|-
|1997
|''Kalippattangal''
|
|
|-
|1998
|''Vilasini''||Unni||Telefilm
|-
|1999
|''Sandarshanam''||Unni||Telefilm
|-
|2000||''Nizhalukal''||||rowspan=3|Asianet||
|-
|2001||''Gandharvayamam''|| ||
|-
|2003||''American Dreams''||Anand||
|-
|2005-2008
|''[[Minnukettu]]''
|
|Rowspan=2|Surya TV
|
|-
|2005
|''Sooryaputri''||||
|-
|2006
|''Ponnunjal''||||Asianet||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2007||''Priyam''||Manu||Kairali TV||
|-
|''Sree Guruvayurappan''
|Elarpadu Thampuran
|Surya TV
|
|-
|''Swantham Sooryaputhri''
|
|Asianet
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2008
|''Ammakkai''
|
|Surya TV
|
|-
|''Mounam Nombaram''||||Kairali TV||
|-
|2008-2010
| ''Sree Mahabhagavatham''
|[[Lord Krishna]]
|Asianet
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2009||''Sthree Manasu''|| ||rowspan=2|Surya TV ||
|-
|''Manasputhri''|| ||
|-
|''Vigraham''||||Asianet||
|-
|2010
|''Parayi Peta Panthirukulam''
|
|Surya TV
|
|-
|2010-2012
|''[[Harichandanam]]''
|Niranjan
|Asianet
|
|-
|2002
|''Angadipattu''
|
|DD Malayalam
|
|-
|2011
|''[[Autograph (TV series)|Autograph]]''
|Deepan
|Asianet
|
|-
|2011-2012|| ''Daivathinu Swantham Devootty''||||Mazhavil Manorama||
|-
|2011-2014
|''[[Amma (2011 TV series)|Amma]]''
|Sharath
|Rowspan=2|Asianet
|
|-
|2011-2012
|''Alauddinde Albuthavilakku''
|Alauddin
|
|-
|2012-2014||''[[Pattu Saree]]''||Harishankar||rowspan=2|Surya TV ||
|-
|2012||''Innale''||||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2013
|''Ponnu Poloru Pennu''||||Kairali TV||
|-
|''Sree Padmanabham''||||Amrita TV||
|-
|2014
|''Chattambi Kalyani''||Nandu||Jaihind TV||
|-
|2014-2015||''[[Aniyathi (TV series)|Aniyathi]]''||Alan||Mazhavil Manorama||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aniyathi Popular Malayalam television Serial Episodes |url=https://nettv4u.com/about/malayalam/tv-serials/aniyathi |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=nettv4u |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2015-2016
|''Kalyani Kalavani''||Abhi||Asianet Plus||
|-
|2015-2016||''Meghasandesham''||||Kairali TV||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2016
|''Bandhuvaru Shathruvar''
|Hari
|Mazhavil Manorama
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bandhuvaru Shathruvaru Serial Cast and Crew {{!}} Actors and Actresses of Mazhavil Manoram Serial |url=https://www.vinodadarshan.com/2015/11/bandhuvaru-shathruvaru-serial-cast.html |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=Vinodadarshan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-09-09 |title=Bandhuvaru Shathruvaru TV Serial On Mazhavil Manorama Channel |url=https://www.keralatv.in/bandhuvaru-shathruvaru-serial/ |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=Kerala TV |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''Sarayu''||||rowspan=3|Surya TV ||
|-
|''Sagaram Sakshi''||||
|-
|2017||''Ennu Swantham Jani''||||
|-
|2018
|''[[Mamangam (TV series)|Mamankam]]''||Shankar Das||Flowers TV||
|-
|2018-2020
|''[[Bhramanam]]''
|Ravi Shankar||Mazhavil Manorama||<ref>{{Cite web |title='ദീപ്തി-സൂരജ് ആത്മ വിസ്ഫോടനത്തിന് ശേഷം നാടിനെ നടുക്കിയ രവിയുടെ മരണം' |url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/serials/social-media-troll-on-bhramnam-serial-and-actor-sarath/articleshow/71434546.cms |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=Samayam Malayalam |language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ആ സംഭവം ഏറെ വേദനിപ്പിച്ചത് എന്റെ പെണ്മക്കളെ ; മനസ്സ് തുറന്ന് ശരത് |url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/serials/bhramanam-fame-sarath-das-revealed-about-her-family-status-about-troll/articleshow/71661520.cms |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=Samayam Malayalam |language=ml}}</ref>

|-
|2019||''Ayyappa Saranam''||[[Lord Rama]]||Amrita TV||
|-
|2019-2020
|''[[Bhadra (2019 TV series)|Bhadra]]''
|Hari
|Surya TV||
|-
|2021–2022||''[[Daya: Chentheeyil Chalicha Kumkumapottu]]''||Randeep||Asianet||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-29 |title=Daya Serial Asianet Starring Actress Pallavi Gowda In Lead Role |url=https://indiantvinfo.com/daya-serial-asianet-cast-crew/ |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=Indian TV and OTT |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2023-2024||''[[Balanum Ramayum]]''||Balan||Mazhavil Manorama ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=ആഴമേറിയ പ്രണയത്തിന്റെ കഥയുമായി 'ബാലനും രമയും' |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/style/love-n-life/2023/04/10/balanum-ramayum-serial-starting-from-today.html |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=ആഴമേറിയ പ്രണയത്തിന്റെ കഥയുമായി ‘ബാലനും രമയും’ |language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-06 |title=When romance blooms in middle age: Sarath and Sreekala starrer 'Balanum Ramayum' to premiere soon |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/when-romance-blooms-in-middle-age-sarath-and-sreekala-starrer-balanum-ramayum-to-premiere-soon/articleshow/99298567.cms |access-date=2025-10-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2024–Present||Meera||[[Lord Krishna]]||Amrita TV||
|-
|2024||[[Malikappuram: Apathbandhavan Ayyappan]]||Raghu||Asianet||
|}

===As host===
*Rangoli
*Zoom In

==Awards==

===Kerala State Film Award===

* 2005: [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Dubbing Artist]] for the film ''[[Achuvinte Amma]]''
* 2017: [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Dubbing Artist]] for the film ''[[Edavappathy]]''

===Asianet Television Awards===

*2011: [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet Television Awards 2011 for Most Popular Actor]] for the serial ''Harichandanam''
* 2012: Asianet Television Awards 2012 for Best Star Pair for the serial ''Amma''
*2014: Asianet Television Awards 2014 for Most Popular Actor for the serial ''Amma''

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|0788713}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Das, Sarath}}
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Aluva]]
[[Category:Actors from Ernakulam district]]
[[Category:1978 births]]

Vishwa Jain Sangathan

2026-02-05T06:44:02Z

DougHuonDeKermad: General cleanup and content improvements

{{Short description|Religious and social service organization of Jains in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Vishwa Jain Sangathan
| image = Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg
| size = 162px
| alt = The symbol of Jainism, the Jain Prateek Chihna
| caption = The symbol of Jainism, the [[Jain Prateek Chihna]]
| map = India-locator-map-blank.svg
| msize = 200px
| malt = India map
| mcaption = zone of influence
| motto =
| formation = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|2005|01|01}}
| type = Jain religious organization
| status = 
| purpose = Religious, Political, Non Profit
| headquarters = [[New Delhi]] {{flag|India}}
| location =
| coords =
| region_served = {{flag|India}}
| membership =
| language = Hindi and English
| general =
| leader_title = Chairman
| leader_name = Sanjay Ji Jain
| leader_title2 = National General Secretary
| leader_name2 = Sudeep Ji Jain
| key_people = Various Jains
| main_organ = Board of directors
| parent_organization =
| affiliations = Various Jain organizations
| num_staff =
| num_volunteers =
| budget =
| website =
| remarks =
}}

{{Jainism}}
'''Vishwa Jain Sangathan''' ('''VJS''') is a religious and social service organization of [[Jainism|Jain]]s in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Abhinandan Mishra |url=http://www.sunday-guardian.com/news/sibals-wife-changes-meat-units-name-after-jains-protest |title=Sibal's wife changes meat unit's name after Jains protest |publisher=Sunday-guardian.com |date=2012-09-30 |access-date=2012-12-16 |archive-date=14 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130614031113/http://www.sunday-guardian.com/news/sibals-wife-changes-meat-units-name-after-jains-protest |url-status=dead }}</ref> Amongst other things, it was involved in the [[Jain minority]] campaign.<ref name="indianexpress1">{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/jain-body-to-stage-protest-in-delhi-on-dec-18/1036402/ |title=Jain body to stage protest in Delhi on Dec 18 |publisher=Indian Express |date=2012-11-26 |access-date=2012-12-16}}</ref>

==History==
The organization was founded in 2005 in Delhi. It organizes various conferences that revolve around Jain community issues.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jainsamaj.org/magazines/ahimsatimesshow.php?id=167 |title=Jainism Ahimsa News Religious Non-Violence Celebrities Literature Philosophy Matrimonial Institutions |publisher=Jainsamaj.org |access-date=2012-12-16}}</ref><ref name="indianexpress1"/>

==Issues==
===Jain minority===
The organization has been involved in securing the status of an independent and minority religion for [[Jainism]] in India.<ref name="indianexpress1"/> It submitted a petition to the Delhi Government which played a part in Jains getting declared as a minority in Delhi.<ref>{{cite web|author=Patil, Bal |url=http://www.herenow4u.net/index.php?id=64758 |title=Article Archive | Jain Minority Status Delhi |publisher=Herenow4u.net |access-date=2012-12-16}}</ref> The organization has also presented memorandums to the Punjab Government for providing the status of a religious minority to Jains in Punjab.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/0.2---in-punjab-jains-seek-minority-religion-tag/1027479 |title=0.2% in Punjab, Jains seek minority religion tag |publisher=Indian Express |date=2012-11-06 |access-date=2012-12-16}}</ref>

The organization also stages protests and rallies to highlight their cause.<ref name="indianexpress1"/>

===Lucknow idol desecration===
VJS also actively protested the desecration of [[Mahavira]]'s idol in Lucknow.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ahimsasangh.net/delhi-protest-stern-action-against-miscreants-demanded-by-jain-samaj |title=Delhi Protest: Stern action against miscreants demanded by Jain Samaj |publisher=Ahimsa Sangh |access-date=2012-12-16 |archive-date=10 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010015228/http://ahimsasangh.net/delhi-protest-stern-action-against-miscreants-demanded-by-jain-samaj |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jainheritagecentres.com/news/news-updates/lord-mahavira-idol-defaced-by-muslims-in-lucknow/ |title=Lord Mahavir Idol Defaced by Muslims in Lucknow |date=19 August 2012 |publisher=Jainheritagecentres.com |access-date=2022-04-12}}</ref>

===Others===
The organization has also campaigned on a number of other issues, including the "Arihant Exports" name issue,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peacenext.org/profiles/blogs/finally-officially-declared-arihant-exports-name-has-been-changed?xg_source=activity |title=Finally officially declared ! ARIHANT EXPORTS Name has been changed as ARSHIYA EXPORTS with THE MINISTRY OF CORPORATE AFFAIRS |publisher=PeaceNext |date=2012-09-15 |access-date=2012-12-16}}</ref> Qutub Minar Jain museum, January 2013 attack on Muni Prabalsagar at Girnar etc.{{fact|date=December 2022}}

==See also==
* [[Legal status of Jainism as a distinct religion in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Jainism Topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Jain organisations]]
[[Category:Religious organizations established in 2005]]
[[Category:Religious organisations based in India]]
[[Category:2005 establishments in Delhi]]

Bufoides kempi

2025-12-18T04:14:21Z

DougHuonDeKermad: put up a info

{{Short description|Species of amphibian}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
| status = DD
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{Cite iucn | author = Annemarie Ohler | author2 = Saibal Sengupta |name-list-style=amp | title = ''Pedostibes kempi'' | volume = 2004 | article-number = e.T16469A5918031 | date = 2004 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T16469A5918031.en | access-date = 3 January 2018}}</ref>
| taxon = Bufoides kempi
| authority = ([[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1919)
| synonyms = {{species list
| Nectophryne kempi | Boulenger, 1919
| Pedostibes kempi | (Boulenger, 1919) }}
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=Frost/>
}}

'''''Bufoides kempi''''' is a species of [[true toad]], family [[Bufonidae]].<ref name=Frost/> This poorly known species is [[endemic]] to [[Meghalaya]], [[Northeast India]].<ref name=IUCN/><ref name=Frost/> It is only known with certainty from its [[type series]] (two [[syntypes]]) collected "above Tura" at {{convert|2500|ft|m|abbr=on}} in the [[Garo Hills]] no later than 1919;<ref name=IUCN/> there is also a possible record<ref name="Chandramouli and Amarasinghe 2016"/> collected at around 2009.<ref name="Das et al. 2009"/> Its common names are '''Kemp's Asian tree toad''', '''Garo Hills toad''', and '''Garo Hills tree toad'''.<ref name=IUCN/><ref name=Frost/> The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]] ''kempi'' honours [[Stanley Wells Kemp]], an English zoologist and anthropologist.<ref name="Beolens et al. 2013"/>

==Taxonomy and systematics==
The species was [[species description|described]] in 1919 by [[George Albert Boulenger]] as ''Nectophryne kempi''. [[Thomas Barbour]] placed it in ''[[Pedostibes]]'' instead.<ref name=Frost/> In 2016, Chandramouli and Amarasinghe transferred it to ''Bufoides'' based on shared morphological characteristics with ''[[Bufoides meghalayanus]]''. They might even represent the same species; however, new material would be needed to settle this question.<ref name="Chandramouli and Amarasinghe 2016"/>

==Description==
The types measure {{convert|30|and|17|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} in snout–vent length; the smaller one is a sub-adult and both are unsexed. The snout is rounded. No [[Tympanum (anatomy)|tympanum]] is visible. The [[parotoid gland]]s are oval. The fingers have basal webbing and the toes moderate webbing. Both the fingers and the toes bare small terminal discs. Skin is granular with small, scattered warts. The granulation is most intense on the flanks; the [[Dorsum (anatomy)|dorsal]] granules are larger than ventral ones. The preserved specimens are black ventrally; the larger one has olive brown dorsum whereas the smaller one is black throughout.<ref name="Chandramouli and Amarasinghe 2016"/>

If the 36-mm specimen collected from Tura at around 2009<ref name="Das et al. 2009"/> is ''Bufoides kempi'',<ref name="Chandramouli and Amarasinghe 2016"/> then it represents the largest known specimen and a recent record of this species.

==Habitat and conservation==
Little is known about the ecology and population status of this species. It is [[Arboreal locomotion|arboreal]]<ref name=IUCN/> or {{Linktext|rupicolous}}<ref name="Chandramouli and Amarasinghe 2016"/> and associated with [[semi-evergreen]] forest. It probably breeds in streams. It is not known to occur in any protected area.<ref name=IUCN/>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="Beolens et al. 2013">{{cite book |last1 = Beolens | first1 = Bo | last2 = Watkins | first2 = Michael | last3 = Grayson | first3 = Michael |name-list-style=amp |title=The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QJY3BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA112 |date=2013 |publisher=Pelagic Publishing |isbn=978-1-907807-42-8 |page=112}}</ref>

<ref name="Chandramouli and Amarasinghe 2016">{{Cite journal |last1=Chandramouli |first1=S. R. |last2=Amarasinghe |first2=A. A. Thasun |name-list-style=amp |date=2016 |title=Taxonomic reassessment of the arboreal toad genus ''Pedostibes'' Günther 1876 (Anura: Bufonidae) and some allied oriental bufonid genera |journal=Herpetologica |volume=72 |issue=2 |pages=137–147 |doi=10.1655/herpetologica-d-15-00053|s2cid=89533353 }}</ref>

<ref name="Das et al. 2009">{{cite journal |last1=Das |first1=I. |last2=Rangad |first2=D. |last3=Lyngdoh |first3=R.K. |last4=Deuti |first4=K. |last5=Hooroo |first5=R.N.K. |name-list-style=amp |year=2009 |title=Rediscovery of the endangered Khasi Hills rock toad, ''Bufoides meghalayana'' in Meghalaya, Northeastern India |journal=FrogLog |volume=92 |issue=December 2009 |pages=1–4 |url=http://www.amphibians.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Froglog92.pdf |access-date=2018-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124074050/http://www.amphibians.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Froglog92.pdf |archive-date=2013-01-24 }}</ref>

<ref name=Frost>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/index.php//Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Bufoides/Bufoides-kempi |title=''Bufoides kempi'' (Boulenger, 1919) |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2018 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |access-date=8 March 2018}}</ref>
}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3061198}}

[[Category:Bufoides|kempi]]
[[Category:Frogs of India]]
[[Category:Endemic amphibians of India]]
[[Category:Amphibians described in 1919]]
[[Category:Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger]]
[[Category:Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN]]

Joe Martin (writer)

2025-12-01T05:59:20Z

DougHuonDeKermad: made a pg

{{Short description|American writer (including playwright) and academic (born 1953)}}
{{Use mdy dates |date=May 2025}}
'''Joe Martin''' (pen name '''Yousef Daoud'''; born 1953 [[Norwalk, Connecticut]]) is an American writer (including [[playwright]]), academic and [[theatre director]].

Martin has written two volumes of [[fiction]], theatrical works, and essays on theater, arts in the [[Middle East]], and religion. He is a senior lecturer in theatre arts and studies (and the writing seminars) at [[Johns Hopkins University]].

== Education ==
Martin received his undergraduate education at [[George Washington University]] where he studied [[American literature (academic discipline)|American literature]] and [[creative writing]]. At the [[University of Bergen]] in Norway, he took examinations in [[comparative literature]] in 1979. Martin earned a [[Master of Fine Arts]] degree in creative writing with a concentration in play writing at the [[University of British Columbia]] (UBC) in [[Vancouver]], where he also studied directing in the Department of Theatre.

In 1987, Martin earned a [[Doctor of Philosophy]] degree in comparative literature from UBC, with a concentration in [[drama]].

After receiving several university graduate fellowships, [[The American-Scandinavian Foundation]] provided a [[fellowship]] for a year, divided between Norway ([[Universitetet i Oslo]]) and [[Sweden]] ([[Stockholmsuniversitet and Dramatiska Institutet]]). Martin assembled his work into a [[Thesis|dissertation]] and later a book on the [[List of Norwegian writers|Norwegian writer]] [[Jens Bjørneboe]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b3OXQgAACAAJ|title=Keeper of the Protocols: The Works of Jens Bjørneboe in the Crosscurrents of Western Literature|last=Martin|first=Joe|date=1996|publisher=P. Lang|isbn=9780820430379|language=en}}</ref> Then, he also published a book of translations of works by [[August Strindberg]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.peterlang.com/search?q1=Strindberg--Other+Sides&searchBtn=|title=Strindberg--Other Sides. New York, Bern: Peter Lang Publishers|language=en|access-date=2018-06-12}}</ref>

==Career==
===Artistic career===
In Vancouver, he worked for five years developing Open Theatre Projects, and co-directing classic plays, with [[Shakespearean]] actor Dermott Hennelly (Noel Burton) before leaving for [[Scandinavia]].

Martin's play ''The Dust Conspiracy'' won the Source Literary Prize in 1985. He later produced ''Deceit: Or Crime with Class'', and ''Forfeit: A Play in Twelve Rounds'' at the [[Source Theater Festival]]. These plays and production credits are published in the collection ''Conspiracies: Six Plays''.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Conspiracies: six plays|last=results|first=search|date=1998-01-01|publisher=Aran Press & Press Open|isbn=9780965671200|edition= 1st|location=Louisville, Ky.; Washington, DC|language=English}}</ref>

In 1987, Martin produced the [[Strindberg Festival]] in Washington, D.C. He directed ''[[The Ghost Sonata]]'' at Metro Stage (then American Showcase Theatre), and produced three Strindberg one-acts at Source Theatre and ''[[Carl XII (play)|Carl XII]]'' in a staged reading at the [[Shakespeare Theatre Company]]. He would later serve as [[Dramaturge|dramaturg]] and consultant for [[Michael Kahn (theatre director)|Michael Kahn]]'s production of ''[[Peer Gynt]]'' in 1998.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shakespearetheatre.org/events/peer-gynt-97-98/|title=Shakespeare Theatre Company {{!}} Peer Gynt 97–98 – Shakespeare Theatre Company|website=www.shakespearetheatre.org|language=en|access-date=2018-06-12}}</ref>

Martin's professional directing and producing credits for Open Theatre/CITE and Open Theatre/TUTA over fifteen years included some of his own plays and adaptations: an epic play about the guillotine, ''Anatole's Lover'', ''The Receiver'', ''Parabola: Tales of the Wise and the Idiots'' (a dance theatre work choreographed by Anne Bassen), ''The Match Girl's SNOW QUEEN'' – created with D.C. composer Anna Larson<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://annalarson.org/compositions.html|title=compositions.html|website=annalarson.org|access-date=2018-06-12|archive-date=2016-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021054131/http://annalarson.org/compositions.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>--''Woyzeck'', with a score for live brass by Larrance Fingerhut, ''Three Plays by Brecht'' (or ''"The Wedding/The ChalkCross/The Beggar"''),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tutatheatre.org/about-the-weddingthe-chalk-cross-the-beggar/|title=The Wedding/The Chalk Cross/The Beggar|access-date=2018-06-12}}</ref> a touring production of ''Quartet'' by [[Heiner Müller|Heiner Mueller]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtoncitypaper.com/arts/article/13014739/quartet|title=Quartet|work=Washington City Paper|access-date=2018-06-12|language=en}}</ref>—both directed by [[Serbian people|Serbian]] [[expatriate]] director Zejlko Djukiic, and later Strindberg's ''[[A Dream Play]]'' and ''[[Rumi]]'s [[Masnavi|Mathnavi]].''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.joemartin.us/page5a.html|title=page5a|website=www.joemartin.us|access-date=2018-06-12}}</ref>

In the 1990s, he translated and created works from Mexico. With Iona Weissberg, he translated Mexican playwright Juan Tovar's montage of works by Mexican author [[Juan Rulfo]], ''The Crossroads'' (''Los Encuentros)'', in 1994<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/10/29/theater/in-performance-theater-670936.html|title=In Performance: Theater|author-link =Ben Brantley | last=Brantley|first=Ben|work= [[The New York Times]] |date=29 October 1994 |access-date=2018-06-12|language=en}}</ref> (produced by Ensemble International in New York.) This led to a collaboration between Tovar and Martin on a work in both English and Spanish, ''El Trato'', concerning an ill-fated attempt at a trade treaty between the U.S. and Mexico in the mid-19th century eventually presented in Spanish by [[La Compañía Nacional de Teatro]] in [[Mexico City]]<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Tovar|first1=Juan|last2=Martin|first2=Joe|date=1998|title=El trato|url=https://cdigital.uv.mx/handle/123456789/4421|language=es}}</ref> and at Gala Teatro Hispano in a staged reading in Washington, D.C. An English readers-theatre version was produced by CITE and the Mexican Cultural Institute that toured the Washington area.

An epic play about a heroine of the [[French Resistance]] who was the daughter of a renowned Indian musician who first brought [[Sufism]] to the West, ''SOUNDWAVES: The Passion of Noor Inayat Khan'', was presented first at The Brecht Forum, later by Bridge Theatre Group at the [[New York International Fringe Festival]] in 2013 and again by EnActe Arts Theatre.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/SoundWavesNoorInayatKhan/|title=Soundwaves: The Passion of Noor Inayat Khan|website=www.facebook.com|language=en|access-date=2018-06-12}}</ref> Other productions include his 2016 staging of [[Dario Fo]]'s ''They Don't Pay? We Won't Pay?'' – revised before the [[Nobel Prize]]–winner's death, at Flashpoint Theatre in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://howlround.com/dc-s-ambassador-theater-takes-on-dario-fo-s-they-don-t-pay-we-won-t-pay|title=DC's Ambassador Theater Takes on Dario Fo's They Don't Pay? We Won't Pay!|work=HowlRound Theatre Commons|access-date=2018-06-12|language=en}}</ref>

=== Teaching career===
Martin taught from 1990 to 2001 in the Department of Performing Arts at the [[American University]]. In 2000, as a [[Fulbright scholar]] in [[Romania]], he taught [[American drama]] at the [[University of Bucharest]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://americanstudies.ro/?menu=1|title=About Us - American Studies Department at The University of Bucharest|website=americanstudies.ro|access-date=2018-06-12}}</ref> and directed the graduating class at the [[University of Theatre and Film Arts]] in [[José Rivera (playwright)|Jose Rivera]]'s ''Marisol''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://unatc.ro/prezentare/index.php|title=UNATC NOUTATI|website=unatc.ro|access-date=2018-06-12}}</ref>

Later, he worked in Europe and the Middle East as a Fulbright Specialist in Theatre, directing and creating college arts curricula in [[Jerusalem]] and the [[West Bank]] in 2011, and in [[Bethlehem]] at [[Dar al Kalima University]] in 2014. The two theatre projects culminated in essays collected in ''Staging Athol Fugard in Palestine – And Other Essays''.

From 2002 to 2006, Martin taught theory and criticism and [[devised theatre]] at [[Catholic University of America]]. Since 2008, he has taught playwriting and dramatic literature as a senior lecturer for the Theatre Arts and Studies program at [[Johns Hopkins University]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://krieger.jhu.edu/theatre-arts/about/|title=About {{!}} Theatre Arts & Studies|work=Theatre Arts & Studies|access-date=2018-06-12|language=en}}</ref>

==Works==
*''Keeper of the Protocols: The Works of Jens Bjørneboe in the Crosscurrents of Western Literature''. (New York & Bern: Peter Lang; 1996).
*''Conspiracies: Six Plays''. (Louisville: Aran Press & Press Open, 1997).
*''Foreigners: A Novel''. (Davis, CA: Hi Jinx Press, 1997).
*''Strindberg – Other Sides: Seven Plays''. (New York & Bern: Peter Lang Publishers, 1997).
*''Semmelweis'' by Jens Bjørneboe. Translation with introduction. (Los Angeles: Sun & Moon Classics, 1998).
*''Parabola: Shorter Fictions''. (Paradise, CA: Asylum Arts, 2000).
*''Rumi's MATHNAVI: A Theatre Adaptation''. (Raleigh, NC: Asylum Arts, 2007).
*''The Rose and the Lotus: Sufism and Buddhism'' as Yousef Daoud. Essays published in ''Sufi Journal'' 1995–2006. (Indianapolis: Xlibris Spirituality, 2009).
*''Spirit Garden: Poems'' with art by Enrique Castenon. (Washington, D.C.: PressOpen, 2012).
*''Soundwaves: The Passion of Noor Inayat Khan''. (PressOpen: Washington, D.C. 2016).
*''Staging Athol Fugard in Palestine: And other essays on theatre and writers in the Holy Land''. (Washington, D.C.: PressOpen, 2018.)

== Personal life==
In 1990, Martin met the actress Lisa Lias in a production of his play ''Anatole's Lover''. They later married, and worked on productions of international works for Open Theatre DC in collaboration with C.I.T.E., and later with TUTA Theatre and its director Zeljko Djukic (now relocated to Chicago.)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tutatheatre.org/about-quartet|title=About Quartet|website=TUTA Theatre|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-12}}</ref> They have one son, Beckett Lias Martin.

In 1997, he and Lias spent two months in India investigating different performance forms, religious art, the revival of the [[Sanskrit Drama|Sanskrit drama]] at [[Benares Hindu University]], and studied Buddhist philosophy at the [[Institute of Buddhist Dialectics]] in [[Dharamshala|Dharamsala]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.instituteofbuddhistdialectics.org/|title=Institute of Buddhist Dialectics| publisher = [[Institute of Buddhist Dialectics]]|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-12}}</ref>

The couple divorced in 2004; Martin continues to live in Washington, D.C.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Martin, Joe}}
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century American dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century American educators]]
[[Category:20th-century American essayists]]
[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century American novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century American translators]]
[[Category:20th-century people from Connecticut]]
[[Category:20th-century people from Maryland]]
[[Category:20th-century people from Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:20th-century pseudonymous writers]]
[[Category:21st-century American dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:21st-century American educators]]
[[Category:21st-century American essayists]]
[[Category:21st-century American male writers]]
[[Category:21st-century American novelists]]
[[Category:21st-century American translators]]
[[Category:21st-century people from Connecticut]]
[[Category:21st-century people from Maryland]]
[[Category:21st-century people from Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:21st-century pseudonymous writers]]
[[Category:Academics from Connecticut]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Bucharest]]
[[Category:American drama teachers]]
[[Category:American male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:American male essayists]]
[[Category:American male novelists]]
[[Category:American expatriate writers in Canada]]
[[Category:American expatriates in Norway]]
[[Category:American expatriates in India]]
[[Category:American expatriates in Romania]]
[[Category:American expatriates in Sweden]]
[[Category:American theatre directors]]
[[Category:American theatre managers and producers]]
[[Category:American University faculty]]
[[Category:Bioartists]]
[[Category:Catholic University of America faculty]]
[[Category:George Washington University alumni]]
[[Category:Johns Hopkins University faculty]]
[[Category:Novelists from Connecticut]]
[[Category:Novelists from Maryland]]
[[Category:Novelists from Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Spanish–English translators]]
[[Category:University of Bergen alumni]]
[[Category:University of British Columbia alumni]]
[[Category:Writers from Baltimore]]
[[Category:Writers from Norwalk, Connecticut]]

United Front (India, 1996)

2025-11-30T15:40:45Z

DougHuonDeKermad: bio

{{short description|Coalition government (1996–1998)}}
{{Other uses|United Front (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
|name = United Front
|chairman = [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
|foundation = 1996
|abbreviation = '''UF'''
|headquarters = [[Andhra Pradesh Bhavan]], [[New Delhi]]
|dissolution = 1998
|colorcode = green
|colors =
|predecessor = [[National Front (India)|National Front]]
}}

The '''United Front''' was a [[coalition government]] of 13 political parties formed in [[India]] after the [[Indian general election, 1996|1996 general elections]].<ref name="Ahuja1998">{{cite book|author=M. L. Ahuja|title=Electoral politics and general elections in India, 1952–1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CFCjniBF9s8C&pg=PA9|access-date=10 December 2010|year=1998|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-711-5|pages=9–}}</ref> It formed two governments in India between 1996 and 1998. [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]] of the [[Telugu Desam Party]] served as the convener of United Front.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-28 |title=Chandrababu Naidu: Coalitions have delivered clear policies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/chandrababu-naidu-coalitions-have-delivered-clear-policies-5421662/ |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Indo-Asian News |date=2022-04-20 |title=Andhra Pradesh: Naidu turns 72, gears up for another poll battle |url=https://www.siasat.com/andhra-pradesh-naidu-turns-72-gears-up-for-another-poll-battle-2312374/ |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> The United Front was headquartered at the [[Andhra Pradesh Bhavan]] in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Routed in many of its strongholds, Third Force loses its pan-Indian identity |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19980316-routed-in-many-of-its-strongholds-third-force-loses-its-pan-indian-identity-825938-1998-03-15 |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=India Today |date=16 March 1998 |language=en}}</ref> During its tenure, the government was led by two [[Prime Minister of India|prime ministers]] belonging to the [[Janata Dal]] – [[H. D. Deve Gowda]] and [[I. K. Gujral]]

==Background==
The Indian general election in 1996 returned a fractured verdict. With the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] emerging as the largest party with 161 of 543 seats, it was invited first to form a government. It accepted the offer, and [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] was sworn in as the prime minister. However, he was unable to get a majority in parliament, and the government dissolved 13 days later.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-16 |title=When Atal Bihari Vajpayee Became The Prime Minister For 13 Days And Then 13 Months |url=https://www.india.com/news/india/when-atal-bihari-vajpayee-became-the-prime-minister-for-13-days-and-then-13-months-3226171/ |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=India.com |language=en}}</ref> At a meeting of all the other parties, the [[Indian National Congress]], with a substantial 140 seats, declined to head the government and agreed to extend outside support to the coalition,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-03 |title=Mamata Banerjee Can Say No UPA Anymore but Her National Goals are Tied to Congress' Future |url=https://www.news18.com/news/opinion/mamata-banerjee-can-say-no-upa-anymore-but-her-national-goals-will-be-tied-to-congress-4513838.html |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> whereas the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] agreed to join the coalition with the [[Janata Dal]] at its head,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Arvind |date=2022-08-19 |title=What Left parties' decision to not join Bihar alliance means for India's Dalits, women, MBCs |url=https://theprint.in/opinion/what-left-parties-decision-to-not-join-bihar-alliance-means-for-indias-dalits-women-mbcs/1089370/ |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> named the United Front.

With the approval of the Congress and CPI(M), the sitting chief minister of [[Karnataka]], H. D. Deve Gowda, was asked to head the coalition as Prime Minister after [[V. P. Singh]] and [[Jyoti Basu]] declined.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-01-10 |title=Why Jyoti Basu could not be PM |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/thesiegewithin/why-jyoti-basu-could-not/ |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=Times of India Blog |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mukul |first=Akshaya |title=Historic blunder: How hardliners denied Basu the chance to be PM |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/historic-blunder-how-hardliners-denied-basu-the-chance-to-be-pm/articleshow/5472768.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2022-12-26}}</ref> His term was from 1 June 1996 to 21 April 1997.<ref>{{Cite web |agency=Press Trust of India |date=2021-06-01 |title=25 years ago HD Deve Gowda took oath as PM; JDS highlights achievements |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/25-years-ago-hd-deve-gowda-took-oath-as-pm-jds-highlights-achievements-121060100993_1.html |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=www.business-standard.com |language=en}}</ref> The Congress revoked its support for Gowda amidst discontent over communication between the coalition and the Congress. It compromised to support a new government under [[I. K. Gujral]], who served as the prime minister from 21 April 1997 to 19 March 1998. Following the collapse of his government, [[Indian general election, 1998|fresh elections]] were called,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elections '98: United Front confident of good performance in coming polls |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19971215-elections-98-united-front-confident-of-good-performance-in-coming-polls-831056-1997-12-14 |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=India Today |date=15 December 1997 |language=en}}</ref> and the United Front lost power.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Third Front {{!}} Alternative political combination and its challenges |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/opinion/third-front-alternative-political-combination-and-its-challenges-8345961.html |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=Moneycontrol |date=11 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Later, when N. Chandrababu Naidu stepped down as convener of the United Front to extend outside support to the [[National Democratic Alliance]], the coalition disbanded.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-10 |title=Chandrababu Naidu 2.0: Can he recreate 1996 in 2019 in the Capital? |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/editorials/chandrababu-naidu-2-0-can-he-recreate-1996-in-2019-in-the-capital/story-X5YDQk3Uqs53fPKKfNrwDO.html |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

== Electoral performance ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Legislature
! Coalition leader
! Seats won
! Change in seats
! Percentage of votes
! Vote swing
! Outcome
! class="unsortable" | Ref.
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
| [[11th Lok Sabha]]
|rowspan=4|[[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
|{{Composition bar|305|543|{{party color|Janata Dal}}}}
| {{steady}} ''new''
| 56.31%
| {{steady}} ''new''
| {{yes2|Government}}
|{{sfn|Election Commission|1996}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
| [[12th Lok Sabha]]
|{{Composition bar|88|543|{{party color|Janata Dal}}}}
| {{decrease}} 217
| 20.98%
| {{decrease}} 35.33%
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|{{sfn|Election Commission|1998}}
|}

== List of prime ministers ==
{{see|List of prime ministers of India}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;width:60%;margin-top:0.5em;"
|-
! rowspan="2" | No.
! rowspan="2" | Portrait
! rowspan="2" | Name
! colspan="3" | Term in office
! rowspan="2" | Lok Sabha
! rowspan="2" | Cabinet
! rowspan="2" | Constituency
! rowspan=2 colspan="2" | Party
|-
! Start
! End
! Tenure
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 1
| [[File:H. D. Deve Gowda.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[H. D. Deve Gowda]]'''
| 1 June 1996
| 21 April 1997
| {{age in years and days|1996|6|1|1997|4|21}}
| rowspan="2" |[[11th Lok Sabha|11th]]
| [[Deve Gowda ministry|Deve Gowda]]
| [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Rajya Sabha]] [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Karnataka|Karnataka]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Janata Dal]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal}};" | 
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 2
| [[File:Inder Kumar Gujral 017.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Inder Kumar Gujral]]'''
| 21 April 1997
| 19 March 1998
| {{age in years and days|1997|4|21|1998|3|19}}
| [[Gujral ministry|Gujral]]
| [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Rajya Sabha]] [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Bihar|Bihar]]
|}

== Coalition members ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;width:60%;margin-top:0.5em;"
|+
!colspan="2" style="width:30px;" |Party
!style="width:60px;" |[[1996 Indian general election|1996]] {{small|(Post-poll alliance)}}
!style="width:60px;" |[[1998 Indian general election|1998]] {{small|(Pre-poll alliance)}}
!style="width:60px;" |Seat Change
|-style="text-align:center;"
!colspan=5 |Internal support
|-style="text-align:center;"
|style="background-color:{{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}; text-align: center;" |
|[[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|5
|0
|{{Decrease}} 5
|-style="text-align:center;"
|style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India}}; text-align: center;" |
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|12
|9
|{{Decrease}} 3
|-style="text-align:center;"
|style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; text-align: center;" |
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|32
|32
|{{Steady}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|style="background-color:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}; text-align: center;" |
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|17
|6
|{{Decrease}} 11
|-style="text-align:center;"
|style="background-color:{{party color|Janata Dal}}; text-align: center;" |
|[[Janata Dal]]
|46
|6
|{{Decrease}} 40
|-style="text-align:center;"
|style="background-color:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}}; text-align: center;" |
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|17
|20
|{{Increase}} 3
|-style="text-align:center;"
|style="background-color:{{party color|Tamil Maanila Congress}}; text-align: center;" |
|[[Tamil Maanila Congress]]
|20
|3
|{{Decrease}} 17
|-style="text-align:center;"
|style="background-color:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}; text-align: center;" |
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|16
|12
|{{Decrease}} 4
|-style="text-align:center;"
!colspan=5 |External support
|-style="text-align:center;"
|style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; text-align: center;" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|140
!colspan=2 |
|-style="text-align:center;"
|colspan=2 |'''Total'''
|'''305'''
|'''88'''
|{{Decrease}} 217
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian political parties}}

[[Category:Defunct political party alliances in India]]
[[Category:Coalition governments of India]]
[[Category:Gowda administration]]
[[Category:Gujral administration]]
[[Category:1996 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1996]]

Rajasthan cricket team

2025-11-17T13:14:51Z

DougHuonDeKermad: page fix

{{Short description|Indian cricket team}}
{{For|the [[Indian Premier League]] franchise|Rajasthan Royals}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox cricket team
| name = Rajasthan cricket team
| team_name = Rajasthan Cricket Team
| native_name = राजस्थान क्रिकेट संघ
| image = RajasthanCricketAssociationLogo.gif
| captain = [[Mahipal Lomror]]
| coach = [[Anshu Jain (cricketer)|Anshu Jain]]
| colors = {{color box|#438DEA}} Sky Blue {{color box|#19197D}} Navy Blue
| owner = [[Rajasthan Cricket Association]]
| founded = 1928
| ground = [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]], [[Jaipur]]
| capacity = 30,000
| first_fc = Vs [[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]], [[KL Saini Ground]], [[Jaipur]], 1999
| first_la = Vs [[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]], [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]], [[Jaipur]], 2004
| first_t20 = Vs [[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]], [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]], [[Jaipur]], 2007
| title1 = [[Ranji Trophy]]
| title1wins = 2
| title2 = [[Vijay Hazare Trophy]]
| title2wins = 0
| title3 = [[Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]]
| title3wins = 0
| t_pattern_b = _Ukraine_reserve_2010
| t_pattern_ra = _yellowborder
| t_pattern_pants =
| t_leftarm = 438DEA
| t_pattern_la = _yellowborder
| t_body = 438DEA
| t_rightarm = 438DEA
| t_pants = 19197D
| t_title = LA/T20 Kit
| website = [http://www.cricketrajasthan.in/ Rajasthan Cricket Association]
}}
The '''Rajasthan cricket team''' is a [[cricket]] team which represents the [[States and territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Rajasthan]]. The team won the [[Ranji Trophy]] in the 2010–11 and 2011-12 seasons, having finished runners-up eight times between 1960–61 and 1973-74. It is currently in the Ranji Trophy Elite group. It is run by the [[Rajasthan Cricket Association]] and is popularly known as "Team Rajasthan".

==History==

=== Rajputana Cricket Association ===
Rajputana's first recorded match came in the 1928/29 Delhi Tournament against [[Aligarh]],<ref name="OTH">{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Teams/1/1160/Other_Matches.html|title=Other Matches played by Rajputana|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=1 November 2012|archive-date=10 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110044147/http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Teams/1/1160/Other_Matches.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> with the [[Rajasthan Cricket Association|Rajputana Cricket Association]] being formed shortly thereafter in 1931 at [[Ajmer]].<ref name="HIST">{{cite web|url=http://www.cricketrajasthan.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2&Itemid=4|title=RCA History|publisher=[[Rajasthan Cricket Association]]|access-date=1 November 2012}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|What is today the modern state of [[Rajasthan]] was then a part of the [[British Raj]] and was known as Rajputana.|group=n}} Rajputana's inaugural appearance in [[first-class cricket]] came in November 1933 against the touring [[Marylebone Cricket Club]] at [[Mayo College Ground]] in [[Ajmer]], which resulted in a heavy innings defeat.<ref name="FCM">{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Teams/1/1160/First-Class_Matches.html|title=First-Class Matches played by Rajputana|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=1 November 2012}}</ref> The team entered the [[Ranji Trophy]] for the first time in the 1935/36 season, playing their first match in the competition against [[Central India cricket team|Central India]], losing by a heavy margin.<ref name="HIST" /><ref name="FCM" /> The team played in the following seasons Ranji Trophy, again losing to Central India, but this time by the reduced margin of just two wickets.<ref name="FCM" /> Rajputana gained their first win in first-class cricket against [[Lionel Tennyson, 3rd Baron Tennyson|Lionel Tennyson's]] touring eleven, with victory by two wickets in 1937.<ref name="HIST" /> The team lost their only match against [[Southern Punjab cricket team (India)|Southern Punjab]] in the 1938/39 Ranji Trophy, however the following season they recorded their first Ranji Trophy victory against [[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]], winning by 7 wickets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/17/17226.html|title=Delhi v Rajputana, 1939/40 Ranji Trophy|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=2 November 2012}}</ref> However they lost their following match against Southern Punjab by the margin of an innings and 190 runs. With the onset of [[World War II]], cricket in India was somewhat disrupted, but first-class cricket continued to function.

== Grounds ==

===Sawai Mansingh Stadium, Jaipur===
Popularly known as SMS Stadium, Rajasthan play the majority of their home matches at the [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]]. The stadium is owned by the [[Government of Rajasthan]] and operated by [[Rajasthan Cricket Association|RCA]], having a seating capacity of about 30,000 spectators. It was built during the reign of [[Sawai Man Singh II]], The ends are called the ''City End'' and the ''Pavilion End''.

=== KL Saini Ground, Jaipur ===
Mansarovar Ground or Jaipur District Cricket Association Ground or [[KL Saini Ground]] is situated in [[Mansarovar (Jaipur)|Mansarovar]] area of [[Jaipur]], [[Rajasthan]] It is the secondary home ground of the Rajasthan cricket team. It has a capacity of 5,000 people and was opened in 1990.

=== International Cricket Stadium, Kota ===
[[International Cricket Stadium|Jay Kaylon Ground]] is a cricket ground in [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]], [[Rajasthan]]. The ground as established in 1974 with name of Municipal Stadium. The ground regularly hosts Ranji matches for Rajasthan cricket team. Till date the ground has hosted six [[First-class cricket|first-class matches]] and a [[List A]] match between Wills XI and [[Uttar Pradesh cricket team]].

=== Mayo College Ground, Ajmer ===
[[Mayo College Ground]] is a sports venue located in the campus of [[Mayo College]] in [[Ajmer]], [[Rajasthan]]. It is a sports facilities for students and staff consisting of playing fields for football, hockey and a cricket ground with a view of the [[Aravalli Range|Aravali Hills]] and a beautiful old red sandstone pavilion called Bikaner Pavilion. It is one of the oldest grounds and one of the first venues in which Rajasthan cricket team ever played a recorded match at home. It has hosted 19 [[First-class cricket|FC games]] but doesn't host any professional games anymore.

{{for|a complete list of grounds used by Rajasthan|List of Rajasthan cricket team grounds}}

==Honours==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Final Result
!Most Runs
!Most Wickets
|-
! colspan="4" align="center" |'''[[Ranji Trophy]]'''
|-
|[[1960–61 Ranji Trophy|1960–61]]
| bgcolor="silver" align="center" |Runners-up
|[[Kishan Rungta]] (282)
|[[Salim Durani]] (35)
|-
|[[1961–62 Ranji Trophy|1961–62]]
| bgcolor="silver" align="center" |Runners-up
|[[Vijay Manjrekar|Hanumant Singh]] (487)
|[[Gundibail Sunderam]] (20)
|-
|[[1962–63 Ranji Trophy|1962–63]]
| bgcolor="silver" align="center" |Runners-up
|[[Vijay Manjrekar]] (520)
|[[Subhash Gupte]] (29)
|-
|[[1963–64 Ranji Trophy|1963–64]]
| bgcolor="silver" align="center" |Runners-up
|[[Hanumant Singh]] (554)
|[[Gundibail Sunderam]] (21)
|-
|[[1965–66 Ranji Trophy|1965–66]]
| bgcolor="silver" align="center" |Runners-up
|[[Kishan Rungta]] (410)
|[[C. G. Joshi]] (26)
|-
|[[1966–67 Ranji Trophy|1966–67]]
| bgcolor="silver" align="center" |Runners-up
|[[Vijay Manjrekar|Hanumant Singh]] (869)
|[[C. G. Joshi]] (24)
|-
|[[1969–70 Ranji Trophy|1969–70]]
| bgcolor="silver" align="center" |Runners-up
|[[Suryaveer Singh]] (372)
|[[Kailash Gattani]] (41)
|-
|[[1973–74 Ranji Trophy|1973–74]]
| bgcolor="silver" align="center" |Runners-up
|[[Parthasarathy Sharma]] (398)
|[[Kailash Gattani]] (22)
|-
|[[2010–11 Ranji Trophy|2010–11]]
| bgcolor="gold" align="center" |Champions
|[[Hrishikesh Kanitkar]] (744)
|[[Pankaj Singh (cricketer)|Pankaj Singh]] (43)
|-
|[[2011–12 Ranji Trophy|2011–12]]
| bgcolor="gold" align="center" |Champions
|[[Robin Bist]] (1034)
|[[Pankaj Singh (cricketer)|Pankaj Singh]] (34)
|-
! colspan="4" align="center" |'''[[Vijay Hazare Trophy]]'''
|-
|[[2006–07 Vijay Hazare Trophy|2006-07]]
| bgcolor="silver" align="center" |Runners-up
|[[Rohit Sharma (cricketer, born 1983)|Rohit Sharma]] (296)
|[[Afroz Khan]] (12)
|-
|[[2023–24 Vijay Hazare Trophy|2023-24]]
| bgcolor="silver" align="center" |Runners-up
|[[Mahipal Lomror]] (301)
|[[Aniket Choudhary]] (22)
|-
! colspan="4" align="center" |'''[[Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]]'''
|-
|[[2017–18 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy|2017-18]]
| bgcolor="silver" align="center" |Runners-up
|[[Ankit Lamba]] (335)
|[[Deepak Chahar]] (19)
|}

== Famous players ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="3" |Players who have represented India & RCA
|-
!Player
!Formats
!Debut
|-
|[[Vinoo Mankad]]
|Test
|1946
|-
|[[Salim Durani]]
|Test
|1960
|-
|[[Hanumant Singh]]
|Test
|1964
|-
|[[Parthasarathy Sharma]]
|Test/ODI
|1974
|-
|[[Ajay Jadeja]]
|Test/ODI
|1992
|-
|[[Pravin Amre]]
|Test/ODI
|1992
|-
|[[Hrishikesh Kanitkar]]
|Test/ODI
|1997
|-
|[[Gagan Khoda]]
|ODI
|1998
|-
|[[Hemang Badani]]
|Test/ODI
|2000
|-
|[[Aakash Chopra]]
|Test
|2003
|-
|[[Pankaj Singh (cricketer)|Pankaj Singh]]
|Test/ODI
|2014
|-
|[[Deepak Chahar]]
|ODI/T20I
|2018
|-
|[[Khaleel Ahmed]]
|ODI/T20I
|2018
|-
|[[Rahul Chahar]]
|ODI/T20I
|2019
|-
|[[Deepak Hooda]]
|ODI/T20I
|2022
|-
|[[Ravi Bishnoi]]
|ODI/T20I
|2022
|}

=== Foreign international players who briefly played for Rajasthan, along with season ===
*'''{{cricon|ENG}} [[Kabir Ali]] ([[2006-07 Ranji Trophy|2006-07]])'''
*'''{{cricon|ENG}} [[Vikram Solanki]] ([[2006-07 Ranji Trophy|2006-07]])'''

==Current squad==
{{main|List of Rajasthan cricketers}}
* Players with international caps are listed in '''bold'''.

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Birth date
! scope="col" | Batting style
! scope="col" | Bowling style
! scope="col" | Format
! scope="col" | Notes
|-
! scope="col" colspan="6" | Batters
|-
| [[Mahipal Lomror]] || {{Birth date and age|1999|11|16|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || First-class, List A, & T20 || '''Captain'''
|-
| '''[[Deepak Hooda]]''' || {{Birth date and age|1995|4|19|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || First-class, List A, & T20 ||
|-
| [[Abhijeet Tomar]] || {{Birth date and age|1995|3|14|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || First-class, List A, & T20 || '''Vice-captain'''
|-
| Shubham Garhwal || {{Birth date and age|1995|5|14|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || List A & T20 ||
|-
| Ram Chouhan || {{Birth date and age|1999|3|28|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || List A ||
|-
| [[Salman Khan (Indian cricketer)|Salman Khan]] || {{Birth date and age|1998|12|26|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || First-class ||
|-
| Sumit Godara || {{Birth date and age|2004|2|5|df=y}} || Right-handed || || First-class & List A ||
|-
| Sachin Yadav || {{Birth date and age|2004|10|14|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Seam bowling|medium]] || First-class ||
|-
! scope="col" colspan="6" | Wicket-keepers
|-
| Kartik Sharma || {{Birth date and age|2006|4|26|df=y}} || Right-handed || || First-class, List A, & T20 ||
|-
| [[Samarpit Joshi]] || {{Birth date and age|1999|9|19|df=y}} || Right-handed || || List A ||
|-
| [[Kunal Singh Rathore | Kunal Rathore]] || {{Birth date and age|2002|10|9|df=y}} || Left-handed || || First-class ||
|-
| Bharat Sharma || {{Birth date and age|1999|8|9|df=y}} || Right-handed || || T20 ||
|-
| Mukul Choudhary || {{Birth date and age|2004|8|6|df=y}} || Right-handed || || First-class ||
|-
! scope="col" colspan="6" | Spinners
|-
| [[Manav Suthar]] || {{Birth date and age|2002|8|3|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || First-class, List A, & T20 || Plays for '''[[Gujarat Titans]]''' in [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]
|-
| [[Kukna Ajay Singh]] || {{Birth date and age|1996|12|13|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || First-class & List A ||
|-
| '''[[Rahul Chahar]]''' || {{Birth date and age|1999|8|4|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || List A & T20 ||
|-
| [[Rajesh Bishnoi (cricketer, born 1990)|Rajesh Bishnoi Jr]] || {{Birth date and age|1990|1|25|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || T20 ||
|-
! scope="col" colspan="6" | Fast Bowlers
|-
| [[Aniket Choudhary]] || {{Birth date and age|1990|01|28|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Seam bowling|medium]] || First-class, List A, & T20 ||
|-
| '''[[Deepak Chahar]]''' || {{Birth date and age|1992|8|7|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Seam bowling|medium]] || First-class, List A, & T20 || Plays for '''[[Mumbai Indians]]''' in [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]
|-
| '''[[Khaleel Ahmed]]''' || {{birth date and age|1997|12|05|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Seam bowling|medium]] || First-class & List A || Plays for '''[[Chennai Super Kings]]''' in [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]
|-
| [[Kamlesh Nagarkoti]] || {{birth date and age|1999|12|28|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Seam bowling|medium]] || List A & T20 ||
|-
| Aman Shekhawat || {{birth date and age|2000|10|5|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Seam bowling|medium]] || List A ||
|-
| [[Akash Singh (cricketer, born 2002)|Akash Singh]] || {{birth date and age|2002|4|26|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Seam bowling|medium]] || First-class || Plays for '''[[Lucknow Super Giants]]''' in [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]
|-
| Ashok Sharma || {{birth date and age|2002|6|17|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Seam bowling|medium]] || First-class ||
|}

''Updated as on 15 November 2025''

==Captains==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
! colspan="2" |Notable Captains
|-
!Captain
!Period
|-
|[[Walter Bradshaw]]
|1935-40
|-
|[[Bhagwat Singh of Mewar]]
|1946-57
|-
|[[Vinoo Mankad]]
|1957-60
|-
|[[Kishan Rungta]]
|1961-62
|-
|[[Raj Singh Dungarpur]]
|1962-66
|-
|[[Hanumant Singh]]
|1966-76
|-
|[[Kailash Gattani]]
|1977-79
|-
|[[Parthasarathy Sharma]]
|1979-85
|-
|[[Sanajay Vyas]]
|1985-89
|-
|[[Rajiv Rathore (cricketer, born 1968)|Rajiv Rathore]]
|1991-96
|-
|[[Pravin Amre]]
|1993-97
|-
|[[Gagan Khoda]]
|1996-04
|-
|[[P. Krishnakumar]]
|2001-05
|-
|[[Ajay Jadeja]]
|2005-07
|-
|[[Yalaka Venugopal Rao|Venugopal Rao]]
|2008-09
|-
|[[Aakash Chopra]]
|2010-12
|-
|[[Hrishikesh Kanitkar]]
|2010-13
|-
|[[Ashok Menaria]]
|2013-23
|-
|[[Pankaj Singh (cricketer)|Pankaj Singh]]
|2014-17
|-
|[[Deepak Hooda]]
|2023-24
|-
|[[Mahipal Lomror]]
|2025–present
|}

==Records==
For more details on this topic, see
* [[List of Rajasthan first-class cricket records]]
* [[List of Rajasthan List A cricket records]]

==Notes==
<references group=n/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{Cite book | title = Cricket: A History of its Growth and Development | last=Bowen, Rowland | date=31 March 1970 | author-link=Rowland Bowen | edition = 1970 | publisher = [[Eyre & Spottiswoode]] | isbn = 0-413-27860-3 }}
*[[Playfair Cricket Annual]] – various editions
*[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack]] – various editions

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://www.cricketrajasthan.in/}}
*[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Teams/0/293/293.html CricketArchive – Lists of numerous Rajasthan records and scorecards]

{{Ranji Trophy}}
{{Cricket in India}}

[[Category:First-class cricket teams in India]]
[[Category:Cricket in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:1928 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Cricket clubs established in 1928]]

Kalaburagi City Corporation

2025-11-15T15:41:38Z

DougHuonDeKermad: made new place...

{{Short description|Local civic body in Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Kalaburagi City Corporation
| native_name= ಕಲಬುರಗಿ ಮಹಾನಗರ ಪಾಲಿಕೆ<hr/>{{small|''Kalaburagi Mahānagara Pālike''}}
| coa_pic =
| coa_res =
| coa_alt =
| house_type = [[Municipal Corporation]]
| foundation = {{start date and years ago|1965|06|15|df=y|p=y}}
| leader1_type = [[Mayor]]
| leader1 = Yellappa Naikodi
| leader2_type = [[Deputy Mayor]]
| leader2 = Heena Begum
| party1 = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<ref name="BJP Kalaburagi Mayor 2023">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/bjp-wins-kburagi-mayoral-posts-by-a-single-vote/articleshow/98956619.cms?from=mdr|title=BJP wins Kalaburagi mayoral posts by a single vote|work=Times of India|accessdate=24 March 2023}}</ref>
| leader3_type = [[Leader of the Opposition]]
| leader3 =
| party2 = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<ref name="BJP Kalaburagi Mayor 2023"/>
| leader4_type =
| leader4 =
| seats = 55
| structure1 = File:Kalaburagi Municipal Corporation 2021.svg
| structure1_res = 300px
| political_groups1 =
'''[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] (27)'''
*{{Color box|{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (23)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/bjp-bags-bgavi-leads-in-hubballi-locked-in-fierce-fight-for-kburagi/articleshow/85993877.cms|title=Karnataka municipal poll results 2021: BJP bags Belagavi|work=Times of India|accessdate=7 September 2021}}</ref>
*{{Color box|{{Party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}}} [[Janata Dal (Secular)|JD(S)]] (4)
'''INC+ (27)'''
*{{Color box|{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (27)
'''Others (1)'''
*{{Color box|#B2B2B2}} [[Independent politician|IND]] (1)
| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post]]
| voting_system2 =
| last_election1 = September 2021
| next_election1 = 2026
| session_room =
| session_res =
| meeting_place = [[Kalaburagi]], [[Karnataka]]
| motto =
| website =[http://www.kalaburagicity.mrc.gov.in/en/home KCC (new)]
[https://kalaburagicitycorp.org/WebSiteGUL/Citizen/Home.aspx (old)]
| footnotes =
|term_limits=5 years
| term_length = 2021–2026
}}

'''Kalaburagi City Corporation (KCC)''' is the [[Municipal corporation (India)|municipal corporation]] responsible for looking after the city administration of the [[India|Indian]] city of [[Kalaburagi]]. Municipal Corporation mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of municipal corporation in Madras ([[Chennai]]) in 1688, later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay ([[Mumbai]]) and Calcutta ([[Kolkata]]) by 1762.<ref name="May ref5">{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Anupam |title=City Mayors: Indian Mayors |url=http://www.citymayors.com/mayors/indian-mayors.html |access-date=29 October 2021 |publisher=citymayors.com}}</ref> It consists of a legislative and an executive body. The legislative body is headed by the city [[mayor]] while the executive body is headed by a Chief Commissioner.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gulbarga City Corporation takes step towards 'Digital India|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/gulbarga-city-corporation-takes-step-towards-digital-india-116122300110_1.html|accessdate=15 April 2018|publisher=www.business-standard.com}}</ref>

==History==
Kalaburagi City Municipal Council came into existence on 15 June 1965. Later it is upgraded as a Kalaburagi Mahanagara Palike on 2 October 1982. It is divided into 55 wards, each represented by a corporator.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Archived copy | url=https://karsec.gov.in/CommonHandler.ashx?id=460 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913082142/https://karsec.gov.in/CommonHandler.ashx?id=460 | archive-date=2021-09-13}}</ref> Elections to the corporation are held every five years and subsequently a [[Mayor (India)|mayor]] and a deputy mayor are elected.<ref>{{cite news|title=Quota in Gulbarga corporation wards|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/Quota-in-Gulbarga-corporation-wards/article14777934.ece|date=15 June 2007|accessdate=11 January 2020|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=ಕಲಬುರಗಿ ಮಹಾನಗರ ಪಾಲಿಕೆ ಚುನಾವಣೆ|url=http://kannada.eenaduindia.com/State/HyderabadKarnataka/Gulbarga/GulbargaCity/2017/04/12170359/Kalaburagi-Municipal-Corporation-elections-Sharanu.vpf|accessdate=15 April 2018|publisher=kannada.eenaduindia.com|archive-date=15 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415190417/http://kannada.eenaduindia.com/State/HyderabadKarnataka/Gulbarga/GulbargaCity/2017/04/12170359/Kalaburagi-Municipal-Corporation-elections-Sharanu.vpf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The city corporation is housed in its own premises located at Jagat Circle, public garden Kalaburagi.

==Mayor==
Mayor's post is reserved for General category and Deputy Mayor's Post was limited to Backward class B.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rani|first=Sushma|date=2018-07-01|title=The Scheduled Castes in India : Post- Independence Scenario|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.29070/27/58077|journal=Contemporary Social Sciences|volume=27|issue=3|pages=149–156|doi=10.29070/27/58077|s2cid=189468108|issn=0302-9298|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

== Functions ==
Kalaburagi Mahanagara Palike is created for the following functions:<ref name="Ka9">{{cite news |title=Municipal Corporation - Functions, Roles, Members Qualification and Term |url=https://www.elections.in/government/municipal-corporation-in-india.html |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.elections.in}}</ref><ref name="Ka10">{{cite news |title=Good municipal governance key to improve quality of life {{!}} Pune News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/good-municipal-governance-key-to-improve-quality-of-life/articleshow/57320746.cms |access-date=18 May 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=24 February 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

* Planning for the town including its surroundings which are covered under its Department's Urban Planning Authority.

* Approving construction of new buildings and authorising use of land for various purposes.

* Improvement of the town's economic and Social status.

* Arrangements of water supply towards commercial, residential and industrial purposes.

* Planning for fire contingencies through Fire Service Departments.

* Creation of solid waste management,public health system and sanitary services.

* Working for the development of ecological aspect like development of Urban Forestry and making guidelines for environmental protection.

* Working for the development of weaker sections of the society like mentally and physically handicapped,old age and gender biased people.

* Making efforts for improvement of slums and poverty removal in the town.

== Revenue sources ==

The following are the Income sources for the Corporation from the Central and State Government.<ref name="Ka11">{{cite news |last1=Jadhav |first1=Radheshyam |title=Why civic bodies in India need municipal bonds |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/why-civic-bodies-in-india-need-municipal-bonds/article33237962.ece |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.thehindubusinessline.com |date=3 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Ka12">{{cite news |title=Municipal corporations under severe strain as revenues sink: RBI Report |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy/story/municipal-corporations-under-severe-strain-as-revenues-sink-rbi-report-314215-2021-12-02 |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Business Today |date=2 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Ka13">{{cite news |title=If cities are to deliver better quality life, need to have business models which are sustainable |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/if-cities-are-to-deliver-better-quality-life-need-to-have-business-models-which-are-sustainable/642276/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Financialexpress |date=17 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Revenue from taxes ===
Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Property tax.
* Profession tax.
* Entertainment tax.
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
* Advertisement tax.

=== Revenue from non-tax sources ===

Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Water usage charges.
* Fees from Documentation services.
* Rent received from municipal property.
* Funds from municipal bonds.

=== Revenue from taxes ===
Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Property tax.
* Profession tax.
* Entertainment tax.
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
* Advertisement tax.

=== Revenue from non-tax sources ===

Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Water usage charges.
* Fees from Documentation services.
* Rent received from municipal property.
* Funds from municipal bonds.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.gulbargacity.mrc.gov.in// Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415152924/http://gulbargacity.mrc.gov.in/ |date=15 April 2018 }}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipal corporations in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Kalaburagi]]

Rekha Verma (born 1961)

2025-08-28T07:06:59Z

DougHuonDeKermad: Adding data - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
'''Rekha Verma''' (born 1 July 1961) is an Indian politician from [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Members of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly |url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/main_members_en.aspx#/Data/18202/18 |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=uplegisassembly.gov.in}}</ref> She is an MLA from [[Bidhuna Assembly constituency]] in [[Auraiya district]]. She represents [[Samajwadi Party]]. She won the [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-03-11 |title=UP polls saw maximum 560 women in fray, but only 7% could sail through |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/up-polls-saw-maximum-560-women-in-fray-but-only-7-could-sail-through/articleshow/90158056.cms |access-date=2024-06-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Verma is from [[Bidhuna]]. She was born in Kanpur to late Dhaniam and late Ram Devi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rekha Verma, SP MLA from Bidhuna - Our Neta |url=https://ourneta.com/neta/rekha-verma/ |access-date=2024-06-18 |language=en}}</ref> She served as a Principal of Adarsh Kanya Inter College Purva Sujan, Auraiya. She married Mahesh Chandra on 11 March 1978.<ref name=":0" /> Her husband Mahesh Chandra died.<ref>{{Cite web |title=REKHA VERMA(SP):Constituency- BIDHUNA(AURAIYA) - Expense Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/uttarpradesh2022/expense.php?candidate_id=2202 |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Verma won the [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Bidhuna Assembly constituency]] representing [[Samajwadi Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Winner Candidate List 2022 {{!}} Samajwadi Party |url=https://samajwadiparty.in/winner-2022 |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=samajwadiparty.in}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-03-10 |title=Bidhuna Election Result 2022 LIVE Updates: Rekha Verma of SP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/bidhuna-election-result-2022-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-4849262.html |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> She polled 92,757 votes and defeated Riya Shakya of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] by a margin of 3,265 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rekha Verma from SP Won Bidhuna Assembly Election Result 2022: Candidates List and Winner in Bidhuna Constituency |url=https://indiatoday.in/know-your-candidatesuttar-pradesh-assembly-election-2022/bidhuna-constituency-candidates-list/ |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=indiatoday.in |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rekha, Verma}}

[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:People from Auraiya district]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:Women members of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

Tirunelveli–Tiruchendur line

2025-07-21T06:32:20Z

DougHuonDeKermad: details.

{{Short description|Railway line in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox rail line
| box_width = 25em
| name = Tirunelveli - Tiruchendur Railway line
| color =
| logo =
| logo_width =
| image = File:Tirunelveli Junction.JPG
| image_width = 300px
| caption = Tirunelveli Junction railway station
| other_name =
| native_name = திருநெல்வேலி - திருச்செந்தூர் இருப்புப்பாதை
| native_name_lang = ta
| type = [[Regional rail]] [[Light rail]]
| system = Electrified
| status = Operational
| locale = [[Tamilnadu]]
| start = {{rws|Tirunelveli Junction}} ('''TEN''')
| end = {{rws|Tiruchendur}} ('''TCN''')
| stations = 12
| routes = 1
| daily_ridership =
| website = {{URL|http://southernrailway.gov.in:80/sr/indexhome.jsp |Southern Railway}}
| open = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1923}}
| close =
| owner = [[Southern Railway zone]]
| operator = {{rwd|Madurai}}
| character =
| depot =
| stock = [[Indian locomotive class WAP-4|WAP-4]], [[Indian locomotive class WAP-7|WAP-7]]
| event1label =
| event1 =
| linelength = {{convert|60|km}}
| tracklength =
| tracks = 1
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1676mm|lk=on}}
| old_gauge =
| load_gauge =
| minradius =
| electrification = [[Overhead catenary]]
| speed = {{convert|110|km/h}}
| elevation =
| racksystem =
| map = {{Tirunelveli–Tiruchendur branch line}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}

The ''Tirunelveli –Tiruchendur line'' connects the cities of [[Tirunelveli]] and [[Tiruchendur]] in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]] in [[Southern Railway zone]]. The line was opened in February 1923 as [[Metre-gauge railway|metre-gauge]] line by [[South Indian Railway Company|South Indian Railway]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-29 |title=Electric locomotives start hauling trains on 100-year-old Tirunelveli – Tiruchendur section |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/electric-locomotives-start-hauling-trains-on-100-year-old-tirunelveli-tiruchendur-section/articleshow/99093395.cms |access-date=2023-11-18 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== History ==
The construction of the line was proposed in 1903 and was sanctioned for construction by South Indian Railway for Tinnelvely District Board. The line was constructed to ferry men and materials from Tiruchendur region.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-23 |title=Tirunelveli–Tiruchendur rail service centenary celebrations held |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/tirunelvelitiruchendur-rail-service-centenary-celebrations-held/article66544470.ece |access-date=2023-11-18 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The line was opened as a metre-gauge line on 23 February 1923. The line was upgraded into [[Broad-gauge railway|broad-gauge]] line and was opened on 27 September 2008.

=== Timeline ===

* 1903 — Proposal of construction of the line
* 1915 — Sanctioned for construction of Railway line by South Indian railway
* 1923 — The line was opened
* 2008 — The metre-gauge line was converted into Broad Gauge line and reopened
* 2023 — The broad-gauge line was electrified and first electric locomotive hauled train ran in the line

== Stations ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#A8DADC;" |S.No
! style="background:#A8DADC;" |Station
! style="background:#A8DADC;" |Station
Code
! style="background:#A8DADC;" |Category
|-
|1
|Tirunelveli
|TEN
|NSG 3
|-
|2
|Palayamkottai
|PCO
|NSG 6
|-
|3
|Seydunganallur
|SDNR
|NSG 6
|-
|4
|Thathankulam
|TTQ
|NSG 6
|-
|5
|Srivaikuntam
|SVV
|NSG 6
|-
|6
|Alwar Thirunagari
|AWT
|NSG 6
|-
|7
|Nazareth
|NZT
|NSG 5
|-
|8
|Kachchanavilai
|KCHV
|NSG 6
|-
|9
|Kurumbur
|KZB
|NSG 6
|-
|10
|Arumuganeri
|ANY
|NSG 6
|-
|11
|Kayalpatttinam
|KZY
|NSG 6
|-
|12
|Tiruchendur
|TCN
|NSG 4
|}

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Railway lines in India]]
[[Category:Madurai railway division]]
[[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India]]

Vachnesh Tripathi

2025-07-18T13:15:53Z

DougHuonDeKermad: expanded section further and improved wording

{{Short description|Indian writer, journalist (born 1920)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vachnesh Tripathi
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Writer, journalist
| yearsactive =
| known for =
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| website =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]]
}}
'''Vachnesh Tripathi''' born in 1920 <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow-city-100-birth-anniversary-of-writer-and-freedom-fighter-vachnesh-tripathi-21119649.html | title=बालिका की बलिदान कथा से प्रेरित हो आजादी की लड़ाई में कूदे थे 'वचनेश त्रिपाठी' - 100 Birth anniversary of writer and freedom fighter Vachnesh Tripathi }}</ref> is an Indian writer, journalist and a former editor of [[Panchjanya (newspaper)|Panchjanya]],<ref name="Panchjanya">{{cite web | url=http://www.panchjanya.com/ | title=Panchjanya | publisher=Panchjanya | date=2014 | access-date=January 12, 2015}}</ref> a weekly news magazine published by the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]].<ref name="Testi Italiani">{{cite web | url=http://testi-italiani.it/panchjanya_(newspaper) | title=Testi Italiani | publisher=Testi Italiani | date=2014 | access-date=January 12, 2015}}</ref> A former president of the ''[[Chandra Shekhar Azad]] Janmashatabdi Samaroh Samiti'',<ref name="Hindustan Times">{{cite web | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/nm7/azad-remembered-with-great-reverence/article1-68982.aspx | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112123954/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/nm7/azad-remembered-with-great-reverence/article1-68982.aspx | url-status=dead | archive-date=January 12, 2015 | title=Hindustan Times | publisher=Hindustan Times | date=27 February 2006 | access-date=January 12, 2015}}</ref> Tripathi has authored several books.<ref name="Exotic India">{{cite web | url=http://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/author/++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++vachnesh+tripathi+ | title=Exotic India | publisher=Exotic India | date=2014 | access-date=January 12, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Amazon">{{cite web | url=https://www.amazon.in/Books-Vachnesh-Tripathi/s?ie=UTF8&page=1&rh=n%3A976389031%2Cp_27%3AVachnesh%20Tripathi | title=Profile on Amazon | publisher=Amazon | date=2014 | access-date=January 12, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Shresht samajik kahaniyan">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZcZJygAACAAJ | title=Shresht samajik kahaniyan | publisher=Multicultural Books & Videos | author=Vachnesh Tripathi | year=1997 | pages=207}}</ref> He was honored by the [[Government of India]], in 2001, with the fourth highest [[Indian honours system|Indian civilian award]] of [[Padma Shri]].<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Padma Awards | date=2014 | access-date=November 11, 2014 | archive-date=October 15, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>
He died on 30 November 2006 in Lucknow.

==See also==
* [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]]
{{Portal|India|Literature}}

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZcZJygAACAAJ | title=Shresht samajik kahaniyan | publisher=Multicultural Books & Videos | author=Vachnesh Tripathi | year=1997 | pages=207}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tripathi, Vachnesh}}
[[Category:Indian editors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]

S. K. Vasanthan

2025-07-17T05:23:58Z

DougHuonDeKermad: Adding new details

{{Short description|Indian academic and Malayalam language writer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = S. K. Vasanthan
| image = Imageskmash.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1935|11|17}}
| birth_place = [[Edappally]], [[Kingdom of Cochin]]
| death_place =
| death_date =
| alma_mater =
| nationality = [[India]]n
| citizenship = India
| occupation = Writer, academic
| genre = Critical study, novel
| movement =
| notableworks = ''Kerala Samskarika Charitthra Nigandu''
| parents = Karunakara Menon, Saraswathi Amma
| spouse =
| children =
| awards = [[Ezhuthachan Puraskaram]], [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Overall Contributions]], [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Scholarly Literature]]
| influences =
| signature =
}}
'''S. K. Vasanthan''' is a Malayalam history researcher, academic and writer from [[Kerala]], [[India]]. He has published several books in various genres such as essay, novel, short story, history of Kerala and translation.

He received several awards including [[Ezhuthachan Puraskaram]], [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Scholarly Literature]] and [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Overall Contributions]].

==Biography==
S. K. Vasanthan was born on 17 November 1935, at [[Edappally]] in present-day [[Ernakulam district]] to Karunakara Menon and Thathampally Saraswathi Amma.<ref name="Deshabhimani"/> After completing post graduate degree in Malayalam and English and Phd from the [[University of Kerala]], he taught at Kalady Sreesankara College and Sree Sankaracharya Sanskrit University for 35 years.<ref name="Deshabhimani">{{cite news |title=ലളിതം, ഈ ചിന്തയും വാക്കുംഎസ് കെ വസന്തന് 80; ഇന്ന് ആദരം |url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/special/latest-news/516686 |work=Deshabhimani| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221121542/https://www.deshabhimani.com/special/latest-news/516686 |archive-date=21 February 2023|language=ml}}</ref>

Chinta Publishers published his novel ''Ente Gramam, Ente Janatha'' (translated as "My Village, My People"), which won first prize in the novel competition organised by Chinta Publishers.<ref name="Deshabhimani"/> His second novel ''Arakkillam'' was published as various parts in ''[[Mathrubhumi Azhchappathippu|Mathrubhumi]]''. Vasanthan held several positions including assistant editor at Kerala Language Institute, member of [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] and member of the boards of various Universities in Kerala.<ref name="Deshabhimani"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=എഴുത്തച്ഛൻ‌ പുരസ്കാരം ഡോ. എസ്.കെ.വസന്തന് |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/news/latest-news/2023/11/01/ezhuthachan-award-for-dr-sk-vasanthan.html |access-date=2023-11-02 |publisher=[[Malayala Manorama]] |website=www.manoramaonline.com |language=ml}}</ref>

He now lives in Kuriachira, [[Thrissur district]].<ref name="Deshabhimani"/>

==Notable works==
*''Kerala Samskarika Charitthra Nigandu'' (Dictionary of Cultural History of Kerala),{{ISBN|9788120046764}}<ref name="Manorama"/>
*''Nammal Nadanna Vazhikal'' (Kerala Cultural History)<ref name="Manorama"/>
*''Padinjaran Kavyameemamsa''<ref name="Manorama"/>
*''Kalppadukal'' part 1 titled as ''Akam'', memoirs<ref name="Manorama"/>
*''Kalppadukal'' part 2 titled as ''Puram'', memoirs of friendships and cordial interactions with Agamananda Swamy, [[S. Guptan Nair]], [[Joseph Mundassery]], [[V. V. K. Valath]], [[Mullanezhi]], [[Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon|Vyloppilly]], [[Vaikom Muhammad Basheer|Basheer]], [[N. V. Krishna Warrier]], [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]], Puthezhan, M. S. Devadas, [[P. Govinda Pillai]], Thayatt Sankaran, MRC, V. Aravindakshan, [[Cherukad]], Chathunni Master, Dr. M. S. Menon, Jayapalan Menon, [[Iyyamcode Sreedharan]], M. P. Manmathan, [[Changampuzha Krishna Pillai|Changampuzha]], E. M. Kovoor and [[E. K. Nayanar]].<ref name="Manorama">{{cite web |title=കാലത്തിന്റെ കയ്യൊപ്പുള്ള കാൽപ്പാടുകൾ |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/literature/bookreview/2020/04/11/kalppadukal-book-by-s-k-vasanthan.html |website=ManoramaOnline |language=ml}}</ref>
*''Ente Gramam, Ente Janatha'' (novel)<ref name="Manorama"/>
*Translation of the book "[[Jean Christophe]]" by [[Romain Rolland]] based on the life story of [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]]
*''Arakkillam'' (novel)<ref name="Deshabhimani"/>
*''Appan Thampuran Oru Padanam'', study on works of Appan Thampuran<ref name="Deshabhimani"/>
*''Nalappattu''<ref name="Deshabhimani"/>
*''Samasta Kerala Sahithtya Parishattinte Charithram'', history of Samastha Kerala Sahitya Parishad, {{ISBN|9788124018156}}<ref name="Deshabhimani"/>
*''Prasavadam''<ref name="Deshabhimani"/>
*''Cherusseri Pranamam''<ref name="Deshabhimani"/>
*''Pazhaya Then'' (collections)<ref name="Deshabhimani"/>
*''Kizhakkinte Velicham'', translation of [[The Light of Asia|Light of Asia]] by Sir [[Edwin Arnold]], {{ISBN|9788126424528}}
*''Cherukadinte prathibha'' (editor) {{ISBN|9789383903917}}
*''Kathayamama'' (essays)
*''Vakkanavum Valarchayum: Sahithyasamvadangal'' (literary essays), {{ISBN|9789384795313}}
*''Panchakanya Smarennithyam'' (stories)
*''Prasavadam'' (editor) {{ISBN|9788193687727}}
*''Koodiyalla Janikkunna Nerathum'' (stories) {{ISBN|9788122607901}}

==Awards and honours==
*2023 [[Ezhuthachan Puraskaram]], the highest award given by the Kerala government for comprehensive contribution in the field of Malayalam literature.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-01 |title=എഴുത്തച്ഛൻ പുരസ്‌കാരം ഡോ. എസ്.കെ വസന്തന് |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/literature/news/ezhuthachan-award-dr-sk-vasanthan-1.9034772 |access-date=2023-11-02 |website=[[Mathrubhumi]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102021815/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/literature/news/ezhuthachan-award-dr-sk-vasanthan-1.9034772| archive-date=2 November 2023|language=en}}</ref>
*Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Scientific Literature 2007 for his book ''Kerala Samskarika Charitthra Nigandu'' (Dictionary of Cultural History of Kerala)<ref>{{cite web |title=വൈജ്ഞാനികസാഹിത്യം, കേരള സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി പുരസ്കാരങ്ങള്‍ |url=http://www.keralaculture.org/malayalam/vyjnanasahityam-awards/455 |website=www.keralaculture.org |language=ml}}</ref>
*[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Overall Contributions]] 2013<ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi award for Meera's 'Aarachar' {{!}} Kochi News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/sahitya-akademi-award-for-meeras-aarachar/articleshow/45583043.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>
*CP Menon Award<ref name="Deshabhimani"/>
*[[Akashavani]] Award<ref name="Deshabhimani"/>
*Award from Kerala Sahitya Akademi in Thunchan Essay Competition<ref name="Deshabhimani"/>
*Kerala History Association Award<ref name="Deshabhimani"/>
*K Damodaran Award<ref name="Deshabhimani"/>
*M. S. Menon Memorial Award<ref>{{cite news |title=എം.എസ്. മേനോന്‍ സ്മാരകപുരസ്‌കാരം എസ്.കെ. വസന്തന് |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/thrissur/malayalam-news/thrissur-1.2237872 |work=Mathrubhumi |language=en |archive-date=27 January 2022 |access-date=27 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127083505/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/thrissur/malayalam-news/thrissur-1.2237872 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Ezhuthachan Puraskaram}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vasanthan, S. K.}}
[[Category:1935 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayalam literary critics]]
[[Category:Indian literary critics]]
[[Category:People from Ernakulam district]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]]

Shavir Tarapore

2025-05-30T04:03:56Z

DougHuonDeKermad:

{{Short description|Indian cricket umpire (born 1957)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Shavir Tarapore
| country = India
| fullname = Shavir Keki Tarapore
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1957|12|26|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Calcutta, India
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[leg break]]
| role = [[Umpire (cricket)|Umpire]]
| umpire = true
| testsumpired = 4
| umptestdebutyr = 2011
| umptestlastyr = 2011
| odisumpired = 25
| umpodidebutyr = 1999
| umpodilastyr = 2012
| t20isumpired = 3
| umpt20idebutyr = 2009
| umpt20ilastyr = 2010
| wodisumpired = 2
| umpwodidebutyr = 1997
| umpwodilastyr = 2003
| wt20isumpired = 4
| umpwt20idebutyr = 2010
| umpwt20ilastyr =
| columns = 1
| column1 = [[First-class cricket|First-class]]
| matches1 = 6
| runs1 = 20
| bat avg1 = 5.00
| 100s/50s1 = 0/0
| top score1 = 15
| deliveries1 = 474
| wickets1 = 9
| bowl avg1 = 37.66
| fivefor1 = 0
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 2/38
| catches/stumpings1 = 3/–
| date = 26 September
| year = 2012
| source = http://www.cricinfo.com/india/content/player/35314.html Cricinfo
}}

'''Shavir Tarapore''' (born 26 December 1957) is an Indian [[Test cricket|Test]], [[One Day International]] (ODI) and [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) [[Cricket (game)|cricket]] [[Umpire (cricket)|umpire]], who has umpired in 4 Tests, 25 ODIs and 3 T20Is, as of 2014.

Tarapore first stood in an ODI in 1999.

He also played a few games for Karnataka in a career spanning from 1980/81 to 1986/87. He played 6 matches, scoring 20 runs with a high score of 15. He also picked up 9 wickets with his legbreaks at an average of 37.66. He took 3 catches in those 6 games.

Shavir Tarapore was inducted into the ICC's [[International Panel of Umpires and Referees|International Panel of Umpires]], as a replacement for [[Suresh Shastri]].

His father [[Keki Tarapore (coach)|Keki Tarapore]] was Indian cricketer [[Rahul Dravid]]'s childhood coach.

==See also==
* [[List of Test cricket umpires]]
* [[List of One Day International cricket umpires]]
* [[List of Twenty20 International cricket umpires]]

==References==
*[http://www.cricinfo.com/india/content/player/35314.html Cricinfo: Shavir Tarapore]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tarapore, Shavir}}
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Test cricket umpires]]
[[Category:Indian One Day International cricket umpires]]
[[Category:Indian Twenty20 International cricket umpires]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:Karnataka cricketers]]

{{India-cricket-bio-1950s-stub}}

Department of Higher Education (Haryana)

2025-05-14T23:20:29Z

DougHuonDeKermad: put up a entry.

{{Short description|Unit of the Government of Haryana}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2017}}
{{infobox government
| government_name = Government of the Department of Higher Education, Haryana (उच्च शिक्षा विभाग, हरियाणा)
| legislature_label = [[State legislative assemblies of India|Assembly]]
| legislature = {{ubl|[[Haryana Vidhan Sabha]]|}}
| branch4 = [[Judiciary of India|Judiciary]]
}}

The '''Department of Higher Education, Haryana''' ({{langx|hi|'''उच्च शिक्षा विभाग, हरियाणा'''}}) is a unit of the [[government of Haryana]] in India that looks after college education in [[Haryana]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://haryana.gov.in/website_directory.asp#departments| title = Government of Haryana: Departments| access-date = 2014-10-28| publisher = Government of Haryana| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141109084555/http://haryana.gov.in/website_directory.asp#departments| archive-date = 9 November 2014| url-status = dead}}</ref>

== History ==
In 1966, when [[Haryana]] was carved out of Punjab, there arose a need of a separate department of education. So, in 1966, a separate Department of Higher Education was established for Haryana.

== Introduction ==
The department is responsible for hiring and employing the assistant/associate professors for the government colleges of the [[Government of Haryana]].

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Education}}
*[[List of institutions of higher education in Haryana]]
*[[Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonipat]]
* [[Department of Elementary Education, Haryana]] [http://harprathmik.gov.in Official website]
* Director Secondary Education, Haryana [http://dseharyana.gov.in Official website]{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [[Department of School Education, Haryana]] [http://schooleducationharyana.gov.in/ Official website]
* [[Haryana Board of School Education]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20040207014301/http://hbse.nic.in/ Official website]
* [[State Counselling Board (SCB), Haryana]] for admission to the technical courses [https://web.archive.org/web/20141025103505/http://www.tehadmissions.gov.in/ Official website]
* [[Overseas Placement Assistance Society (OPAS), Haryana]]
* [[Haryana Tourism]]
* [[Haryana Roadways]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20040207014301/http://hbse.nic.in/ HBSE Official Website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130728185907/http://www.highereducationharyana.gov.in/ Department of Higher Education Haryana] Official Website
*[http://haryana.gov.in/ Government of Haryana] Official Website
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141109052207/http://harsamadhan.gov.in/ Haryana Govt's HarSamadhan Complaints portal]

{{School education in India}}
{{Education in India}}
{{Haryana}}
{{Government of India by state or territory}}

[[Category:Higher education in India]]
[[Category:Education in Haryana]]
[[Category:Government departments of Haryana|Higher Education]]
[[Category:Subnational education ministries|Haryana]]

{{India-school-stub}}
{{Haryana-stub}}

Bhadran, Gujarat

2025-04-11T00:41:38Z

DougHuonDeKermad: made initial info first draft

{{For|the Malayalam film director|Bhadran (director)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bhadran
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Gujarat
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Gujarat, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.3593|N|72.9005|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = Anand
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Gram Panchayat
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 5
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 30
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 9273
| population_as_of = 2011<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/517099-bhadran-gujarat.html|title=Bhadran Village Population - Borsad - Anand, Gujarat|website=www.census2011.co.in|accessdate=17 January 2017}}</ref>
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 2029
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 388 530
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 02696-288/289
| registration_plate = GJ 23
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Bhadran''' is a village in the [[states of India|state]] of [[Gujarat]], in far western India. It is in the [[Anand district]].

==Geography and climate==
Bhadran is located at 22° 21′ 33.48″ N, 72° 54′ 1.8″ E. The total area of Bhadran is around {{convert|5|km2|sqmi|0}}.
The village is located on the fertile plains of Mahi river, {{convert|10|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} north of mouth of Mahi river where it meets Gulf of Khambhat.

There are three main seasons: Summer, [[Monsoon]] and Winter. Aside from the monsoon season, the climate is dry. The weather is hot through the months of March to July — the average summer maximum is {{nowrap|36 °C}} {{nowrap|(97 °F)}}, and the average minimum is {{nowrap|23 °C}} {{nowrap|(73 °F)}}. From November to February, the average maximum temperature is {{nowrap|30 °C}} {{nowrap|(85 °F)}}, the average minimum is 15 °C (59 °F), and the climate is extremely dry. Cold northerly winds are responsible for a mild chill in January. The southwest monsoon brings a humid climate from mid-June to mid-September. The average [[rainfall]] is 93 cm (36.7 inches), but infrequent heavy torrential rains cause the river to flood.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*[http://www.bhadran.com/home1.htm Bhadran Bandhu Samaj UK]
*[https://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/09/Bhadran.html Falling Rain]

{{Anand district}}

[[Category:Villages in Anand district]]

Morena railway station

2025-03-17T00:52:41Z

DougHuonDeKermad: general cleaned up details as per guidelines also and cleaned formatting for consistency

{{Short description|Railway station in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Morena Railway Station
| native_name = {{background color|darkblue|{{font color|white|Morena Railway station.}}}} [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|100px]] मुरैना रेलवे स्टेशन
| type = [[Indian Railways]] station
| style = [[Indian Railways]]
| image = Morena railway station.jpg
| image_caption = Morena Railway Station
| address = SH 2, Station Road, [[Morena, Madhya Pradesh|Morena]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| borough = Morena Madhya Pradesh
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.5006|78.0039|format=dms|display=inline}}
| line = Delhi Chennai Line
| other = Auto stand
| elevation = {{convert|178|m|ft}}
| structure = [[Intersection_(road)#At_grade_railways|At grade]]
| platform = 3
| depth =
| levels =
| tracks = 4 (Double Electrified BG)
| parking = Yes
| bicycle = Yes
| opened =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| accessible = Yes
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = MRA
| zone = [[North Central Railway zone|North Central Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Jhansi}}
}}
| zone = [[North Central Railway]]
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[North Central Railway zone|North Central Railway]]
| status = Functioning
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = 
| mapframe = Yes
| map_type = India#India Madhya Pradesh
| map_dot_label = Morena railway station
| map_size = 300
}}
'''Morena railway station''' is a small railway station in [[Morena district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Its code is '''MRA'''. It serves [[Morena, Madhya Pradesh|Morena]] city. The station is classified under 80 A class stations across India.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/departures/morena-mra/741| title=MRA/Morena| website=India Rail Info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.raildrishti.in/raildrishti/IRDBStationPDF.jsp?stncode=MRA| title=Morena (MRA): Passenger Amenities Details As on : 31/03/2018, Division : Jhansi| website=Raildrishti}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/mp-news-now-halt-will-increase-the-speed-in-bina-064628-6746689.html| title=अब स्पीड बढ़ाकर शताब्दी को बीना में देंगे हाल्ट| website=Bhaskar}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.naidunia.com/lite/madhya-pradesh/gwalior-hh-5696641| title=दो माह में बढ़ेगी ट्रैक की रफ्तारः स्पेशल व सुपर फास्ट ट्रेनें 130 घंटे किमी की रफ्तार से दौड़ेंगी| website=Nai Dunia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.amarujala.com/amp/uttar-pradesh/jhansi/railway-return-ticket-refund-jhansi-news-jhs167541426| title=काउंटरों से जो हो रही आय, वही लौटा रहा रेलवे| website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref> this. Station is a Wifi free available in providing by Indian Railways.

The station is well connected by train services to all parts of the country including [[Delhi]], [[Agra]] [[Bhopal]], [[Mumbai]], [[Nagpur Junction railway station|Nagpur]] [[Hyderabad]], [[Chennai]], [[Pune]], [[Jaipur]], [[Indore]]' [[Jabalpur]] and other major cities.

==Major trains==

Some of the important trains that runs from Morena are :

* [[New Delhi–Habibganj Shatabdi Express]]
* [[Chhattisgarh Express]]
* [[Khajuraho–Udaipur City Express]]
* [[Jhelum Express]]
* [[Kalinga Utkal Express]]
* [[Gorakhpur–Okha Express]]
* [[Ujjaini Express]]
* [[Sushasan Express]]
* [[Indore–Chandigarh Express]]
* [[Andaman Express]]
* [[Shaan-e-Bhopal Express]]
* [[Mangala Lakshadweep Express]]
* [[Dakshin Express]]
* [[Malwa Express]]
* [[Punjab Mail]]
* [[Taj Express]]
* [[Grand Trunk Express]]
* [[Mahakaushal Express]]
* [[Gwalior–Ahmedabad Superfast Express]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Railway stations in Madhya Pradesh}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Morena district]]
[[Category:Jhansi railway division]]
[[Category:Morena, Madhya Pradesh]]

{{MadhyaPradesh-railstation-stub}}

Swami Vivekananda's travels in India (1888–1893)

2025-03-10T23:57:10Z

DougHuonDeKermad: stub.

{{Short description|none}} 
In 1888, [[Swami Vivekananda]] left the monastery{{clarify|date=February 2024}} as a ''Parivrâjaka''— the Hindu religious life of a wandering monk, "without fixed abode, without ties, independent and strangers wherever they go".{{Sfn|Rolland|2008|p=7}} His sole possessions were a [[kamandalu]] (water pot), staff and his two favourite books: the ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]'' and ''[[The Imitation of Christ]]''.{{Sfn|Dhar|1976|p=243}} Narendra travelled extensively in India for five years, visiting centres of learning and acquainting himself with diverse religious traditions and social patterns.{{Sfn|Richards|1996|pp=77–78}}{{Sfn|Bhuyan|2003|p= 12}} He developed sympathy for the suffering and poverty of the people, and resolved to uplift the nation.{{Sfn|Richards|1996|pp=77–78}}{{Sfn|Rolland|2008|pp=16–25}} Living primarily on [[bhiksha]] (alms), Swami Vivekananda travelled on foot and by railway (with tickets bought by admirers). During his travels he met, and stayed with Indians from all religions and walks of life: scholars, ''[[dewans]]'', [[raja]]s, Hindus, Muslims, Christians, ''[[paraiyar]]s'' and government officials.{{Sfn|Rolland|2008|pp=16–25}}

=={{anchor|Northern India (1888–90)}}North==
In August 1888 Swami Vivekananda's first destination was [[Varanasi]], where he visited the places where [[Gautama Buddha]] and [[Adi Shankara]] preached{{Sfn|Banhatti|1995|p=19}}{{Sfn|Bhuyan|2003|p=11}} and met Bengali writer [[Bhudev Mukhopadhyay]] and Hindu saint [[Trailanga Swami]].{{Sfn|Virajananda |2006|pp=214–216}} After meeting Vivekananda, Mukhopadhyay said, "Such vast experience and insight at such an early age! I am sure he will be a great man".{{Sfn|Banhatti|1995|p=19}} Narendra also met Sanskrit and Vedic scholar Babu Pramadadas Mitra,{{Sfn|Badrinath|2006|p=118}} with whom he corresponded on the interpretation of Hindu scriptures.{{Sfn|Badrinath|2006|p=118}}{{Sfn|Virajananda |2006|pp=214–216}} After leaving Varanasi, he visited [[Ayodhya]], [[Lucknow]], [[Agra]], [[Vrindavan]], [[Hathras]], and [[Rishikesh]].{{Sfn|Bhuyan|2003|p=11}} When he was staying in Vrindavan, one day, he saw a man smoking a ''hookah''. He asked the man to give him a tobacco bowl, but the man refused to do so, explaining he was a man of lower caste. Narendra initially accepted his point and started walking, but within a few minutes, he started feeling ashamed, as he had been practising "non-duality of the soul" for a long time. He returned to the man, and once again requested him to give him a tobacco bowl and despite the man's reluctance, he took the ''hookah'' from him and started smoking.{{Sfn|Nikhilananda|1953|p=43}}
{{multiple image
| direction = horizontal
| image1 = Swami Vivekananda Jaipur.jpg
| footer = After Ramakrishna's death, in January 1887 Vivekananda (then Narendranath Datta) and eight other disciples of Ramakrishna took formal monastic vows in Baranagar Math. In 1888, Narendra left the math and began life as a wandering monk. Both photos were taken at this time.<ref name="Swami Vivekananda Images 1886 to 1893">{{cite web|title=Swami Vivekananda Images 1886 to 1893|url=http://www.vivekananda.net/photos/india%201886-1893/India1886-93.html|publisher=Vivekananda.net|access-date=12 March 2012}}</ref>
| alt1 = Vivekananda sitting, black and white image
|width1 =200
| image2 = Swami Vivekananda 1891 Jaipur.jpg
| alt2 = Vivekananda as a wandering monk
| width2 ={{#expr: (250 * 800/ 1146) round 0}}
}}
While on the way to Haridwar, in September 1888,{{Sfn|Badrinath|2006|p=123}} Narendra stayed at Hathras. There in the railway waiting room Narendra met Sharat Chandra Gupta, a railway station master.{{Sfn|Banhatti|1995|pp=19–22}} Gupta went to Narendra and asked if he was hungry, to which he got a reply in positive. He took Narendra to his home. When Narendra asked him what food he was going to offer, Gupta quoted a Persian poem in reply: "Oh beloved, I shall prepare the most delicious dish with the flesh of my heart".{{Sfn|Banhatti|1995|p=20}} Narendra told Gupta that he had a great mission in life — he wanted to serve his motherland where starvation and poverty stalk millions of people. He narrated his dream of seeing India regaining her old glory. During the conversations, Gupta asked Narendra if he could help him anyhow. Narendra immediately replied— "Yes, take up the ''[[kamandalu]]'' and go begging". Gupta understood that he was being asked to renounce his personal interest [[Bahujana sukhaya bahujana hitaya cha|for the welfare of many]]. He decided to renounce the world and became a disciple of Narendranath.{{Sfn|Badrinath|2006|pp=123–124}} Narendra and Gupta left Hathras together.{{Sfn|Badrinath|2006|pp=123–124}}

After leaving Hathras Narendra and Gupta first went to Haridwar, and from there travelled to Rishikesh, on foot. Here Narendra initiated Gupta into ''[[Sannyasa]]'' and was named [[Swami Sadananda]].{{Sfn|Badrinath|2006|p=124}}{{Sfn|Rolland|2008|pp=11–12}} Gupta was the directly initiated monastic disciple of Vivekananda.{{Sfn|Badrinath|2006|p=124}} Vivekananda called him "the child of my spirit".{{Sfn|Nikhilananda|1953|p=43}}

===Meeting with Pavhari Baba===
{{See also|Pavhari Baba#Meeting with Swami Vivekananda}}
Between 1888 and 1890, Swami Vivekananda visited [[Vaidyanath]] in [[Allahabad]]. On 18 January 1890 he went from Allahabad to [[Ghazipur]] and met [[Pavhari Baba]],{{Sfn|Bhuyan|2003|p=12}}{{Sfn|Badrinath|2006|p=119}} an ''[[Advaita Vedanta]]'' ascetic who spent much of his time in meditation.{{Sfn|Virajananda |2006|pp=227–228}} At the time he suffered from [[lumbago]],{{Sfn|Badrinath|2006|p=119}} and it was becoming impossible for him to move or sit in meditation.{{Sfn|Nikhilananda|1953|pp=44–45}} After meeting Baba, Swami Vivekananda wanted to become his disciple and Baba asked him to stay a few more days at Ghazipur. However, the night before his initiation, Swami Vivekananda had a dream in which Ramakrishna looked at him with a melancholy face. This dream convinced Swami Vivekananda that no one other than Ramakrishna could be his teacher, and he abandoned the idea of becoming Baba's disciple.{{Sfn|Sil|1997|pp=216–218}}

=={{anchor|The Himalayas (1890–91)|Return to Baranagar Math (1890)}}Return to Baranagar Math and Himalayan journey (1890–91)==
During the first half of 1890, after the deaths of fellow Ramakrishna disciples Balaram Bose and Suresh Chandra Mitra, Narendra returned to Baranagar Math because of ill health and to arrange for the math's financial support.{{Sfn|Badrinath|2006|p=120}} After finishing his work in July, he left the math{{Sfn|Banhatti|1995|pp=19–22}} (accompanied by fellow monk [[Swami Akhandananda]]) for the [[Himalayas]].

This constituted the first phase of a journey which would bring Swami Vivekananda to the West.{{Sfn|Banhatti|1995|pp=19–22}}{{Sfn|Virajananda|2006|pp=243–261}} He visited the sacred sites of [[Nainital]], [[Almora]], [[Srinagar, Uttarakhand|Srinagar]], [[Dehradun]], [[Rishikesh]] and [[Haridwar]]. During these travels, he met Swami Brahmananda, [[Disciples of Ramakrishna#Swami Saradananda|Saradananda]], [[Disciples of Ramakrishna#Swami Turiyananda|Turiyananda]] and [[Disciples of Ramakrishna#Swami Advaitananda|Advaitananda]]. They stayed at [[Meerut]] for several days, engaged in meditation, prayer and study of the scriptures. At the end of January 1891, Swami Vivekananda left his colleagues and travelled to [[Delhi]].{{Sfn|Virajananda|2006|pp=243–261}}{{Sfn|Rolland|2008|p=15}}

==Rajputana (1891)==
{{See also|Ajit Singh of Khetri#Relationship with Swami Vivekananda}}
After visiting historical sites at Delhi, Swami Vivekananda started his travel towards [[Rajputana]]. In these days, he drew inspiration from the words of the Gautama Buddha— {{Sfn|Cooper|1984|p=49}}{{Sfn|Vivekananda|1976|p=22}}{{Sfn|Nikhilananda|1953|p=49}}
<blockquote><poem>Go forward without a path,
Fearing nothing, caring for nothing!
Wandering alone, like the rhinoceros!
Even as a lion, not trembling at noises,
Even as the wind, not caught in the net,
Even as the lotus leaf, untainted by water,
Do thou wander alone, like the rhinoceros!</poem></blockquote>

In February 1891, he first went to [[Alwar State|Alwar]], where he was warmly welcomed by the Hindus and the Muslims.{{Sfn|Nikhilananda|1953|p=49}} There he told a Muslim religion scholar that one significant feature of the [[Quran]] is, though it was written a thousand years ago, the book was free from "interpolation" and retained its original purity.{{Sfn|Nikhilananda|1953|pp=49–50}} When Swami Vivekananda met the [[Mangal Singh Prabhakar|Mangal Singh]], King of Alwar, whose outlook was Westernised, Singh challenged Swami Vivekananda and ridiculed Hindu idol worship. Swami Vivekananda attempted to explain to him that Hindu worship is symbolic worship, but failed to make the king understand. Then Swami Vivekananda saw a painting hanging on the wall, it was the a painting of the Singh's deceased father and asked him to spit on it. Singh became angry and retorted how he could spit on his father. Swami Vivekananda explained, though it was just a painting, not the king himself, it reminds everybody about the king, similarly an idol worshipped by a Hindu is actually a symbolic worship of the Almighty.{{Sfn|Banhatti|1995|p=21}}{{Sfn|Nikhilananda|1953|pp=49–50}}

From Alwar, Swami Vivekananda went to [[Jaipur State|Jaipur]], where he studied [[Pāṇini|Panini's]] ''Ashtadhyayi'' with a Sanskrit scholar. Swami Vivekananda then went to [[Ajmer-Merwara|Ajmer]], where he visited the palace of [[Akbar]] and the [[Dargah Sharif]]. At [[Mount Abu]] he met Raja [[Ajit Singh of Khetri]], who became an ardent devotee and supporter.{{Sfn|Nikhilananda|1953|p=50}} [[Swami Tathagatananda]], a senior monk in the Ramakrishna Order, wrote of their relationship:
{{blockquote|... Vivekananda's friendship with Maharaja Ajit Singh of Khetri was enacted against the backdrop of Khetri, a sanctified town in Northern Rajasthan, characterized by its long heroic history and independent spirit. Destiny brought Swamiji and Ajit Singh together on 4 June 1891 at Mount Abu, where their friendship gradually developed through their mutual interest in significant spiritual and secular topics. The friendship intensified when they travelled to Khetri and it became clear that theirs was the most sacred friendship, that of a Guru and his disciple.<ref name="Raja Ajit Singh Vedanta Kesari June 2011">{{cite journal|title=Swami Vivekananda's special relationship with Raja Ajit Singh|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/57132749/The-Vedanta-Kesari-June-2011|journal=The Vedanta Kesari|volume=98|issue=6|publisher=Ramakrishna Math and Mission |access-date=15 June 2012|author=Swami Tathagatananda| page=230|date=June 2011}}</ref> }}

At [[Khetri]] Swami Vivekananda delivered discourses to the Raja, became acquainted with [[pandit]] [[Ajjada Adibhatla Narayana Dasu]] and studied the ''[[Mahābhāṣya]]'' on the sutras of Panini. After {{frac|2|1|2}} months there, in October 1891 he left for [[Bombay Presidency]].{{Sfn|Rolland|2008|pp=16–25}}{{Sfn|Virajananda|2006|pp=262–287}}

=={{anchor|Western India (1891–92)}}West (1891–92)==
Swami Vivekananda visited [[Ahmedabad]], [[Wadhwan]] and [[Limbdi]]; at the former, he completed his studies of Islamic and [[Jain]] cultures.{{Sfn|Rolland|2008|pp=16–25}} At Limbdi he met Thakur Saheb Jaswant Singh, who had been to England and America. From him, Narendra first got the idea of going to the West to preach [[Vedanta]]. He visited Junagadh and was the guest of [[Haridas Viharidas Desai]], [[Dewan|diwan]] of the state, who was so charmed by his company that every evening he and all the state officials conversed with Swami Vivekananda until late at night. Swami Vivekananda also visited [[Girnar]], [[Kutch]], [[Porbander]], [[Dwarka|Dwaraka]], [[Palitana]], [[Nadiad]] and [[Baroda]]. He remained for nine months at Porbander, furthering his philosophical and Sanskrit studies with learned [[pandit]]s.{{Sfn|Rolland|2008|pp=16–25}}

Swami Vivekananda's next destinations included [[Mahabaleshwar]], [[Pune]], [[Khandwa]] and [[Indore]]. At [[Kathiawar]] he heard of the 1893 [[Parliament of the World's Religions]], and was urged by his followers to attend it. After a brief stay in Bombay in July 1892, he met [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] during a train journey.{{Sfn|Rolland|2008|p=25}} After staying with Tilak for a few days in Pune,{{Sfn|Dhar|1976|p=1434}} Swami Vivekananda travelled to [[Belgaum]] in October 1892 where he met [[Panth Maharaj]], and to [[Panaji]] and [[Margao]] in Goa, spending three days at [[Rachol Seminary]] (the oldest convent in Goa, with rare religious manuscripts and printed works in Latin) studying Christian theological works.{{Sfn|Virajananda |2006|pp=288–320}}

=={{anchor|Southern India (1892–93)}}South (1892–93)==
Swami Vivekananda later travelled to [[Bangalore]], where he became acquainted with [[K. Seshadri Iyer]] (diwan of the [[Mysore state]]). Iyer described Narendra as "a magnetic personality and a divine force which were destined to leave their mark on the history of his country". Iyer introduced him to the Maharaja (king) of Mysore [[Chamarajendra Wadiyar X|Chamaraja Wodeyar]]. Wodeyar invited Swami Vivekananda to stay in his palace as a guest.{{Sfn|Beckerlegge|2008|p=129}}{{Sfn|Nikhilananda|1953|p=52}} The maharaja gave Swami Vivekananda a [[letter of introduction]] to the diwan of [[Cochin]] and a railway ticket.{{Sfn|Virajananda |2006|pp=323–325}}

From Bangalore, Swami Vivekananda visited [[Trissur]], [[Kodungalloor]] and [[Ernakulam]]. At Ernakulam he met [[Chattampi Swamikal]], a contemporary of [[Narayana Guru]], in early December 1892.{{Sfn|Virajananda |2006|pp=327–329}} From Ernakulam, Swami Vivekananda travelled to [[Trivandrum]], [[Nagercoil]] and reached [[Kanyakumari]] on foot on Christmas Eve 1892.{{Sfn|Virajananda |2006|pp=339–342}} At Kanyakumari, Swami Vivekananda meditated on the "last bit of Indian rock" (later known as the [[Vivekananda Rock Memorial]]). At Kanyakumari, Narendra had a "vision of one India" (the "Kanyakumari resolve of 1892").{{Sfn|Agarwal|1998|p=59}} He later wrote:
{{blockquote|"At Cape Camorin sitting in Mother Kumari's temple, sitting on the last bit of Indian rock—I hit upon a plan: We are so many [[Sanyassin|sanyasis]] wandering about, and teaching the people metaphysics—it is all madness. Did not our ''Gurudeva'' use to say, 'An empty stomach is no good for religion?' We as a nation have lost our individuality and that is the cause of all mischief in India. We have to raise the masses."{{Sfn|Agarwal|1998|p=59}}{{Sfn|Banhatti|1995|p=24}}}}

To realize this, he needed collaborators and funds. The people were easily to find, but the funds were hard to acquire, and therefore Narendra decided to travel to America, "to earn money myself, and then return to my country and devote the rest of my days to the realisation of this one aim of my life."{{sfn|Michelis|2005|p=109}}

From Kanyakumari, Swami Vivekananda visited [[Madurai]] and had meetings with the Raja of [[Ramnad estate|Ramnad]] [[Bhaskara Sethupathi]]. During his meetings, he had extensive discussions on Hindu philosophy with eminent scholars like [[R. Raghava Iyengar|Mahavidwan R. Raghava Iyengar]]. The raja became his disciple, urging him to attend the Parliament of Religions in Chicago. From Madurai, Swami Vivekananda visited [[Rameswaram]], [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondicherry]] and [[Chennai|Madras]]; there, he met some of his disciples, specially [[Alasinga Perumal]].{{efn|Alasinga Perumal played important roles in collecting funds for his voyage to America and later establishing the Ramakrishna Mission in Madras).{{Sfn|Badrinath|2006|pp=135–138}}}} Perumal went door to door in hopes of getting money for Swami Vivekananda's travel.{{Sfn|Badrinath|2006|p=137}} With funds collected by his Madras disciples, the kings of Mysore, Ramnad, Khetri, diwans and other followers, Swami Vivekananda left Bombay for Chicago on 31 May 1893 with the name "Vivekananda", as suggested by Ajit Singh of Khetri,{{Sfn|Banhatti|1995|p=24}} which means "the bliss of discerning wisdom".{{Sfn|Gosling|2007|p=18}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

== See also==

* [[Yatra]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Sources==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Citation|last=Agarwal|first=Satya P. |title=The social role of the Gītā: how and why|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass| year=1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gt0XdLly0i0C&pg=PA59 | isbn=978-81-208-1524-7}}
* {{cite book|last= Badrinath |first=Chaturvedi |title=Swami Vivekananda, the Living Vedanta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qo1X96E0JPAC|year=2006|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-306209-7}}
* {{Citation|last=Banhatti|first=G.S.|title=Life and Philosophy of Swami Vivekananda|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors| year=1995| page=276 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jK5862eV7_EC|isbn=978-81-7156-291-6}}
* {{Citation | last= Banhatti|first=G.S. | title = The Quintessence of Vivekananda |year=1963|publisher=Suvichar Prakashan Mandal|asin= B0007JQX3M|location=Pune, India}}
* {{cite book|last=Beckerlegge|first=Gwilym|title=Colonialism, Modernity, and Religious Identities: Religious Reform Movements in South Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z4XXAAAAMAAJ|year=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-569214-3}}
* {{Citation|last=Bhuyan|first= P. R. |title=Swami Vivekananda: Messiah of Resurgent India|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ZLmFDRortS0C&pg=PR1|year=2003|isbn= 978-81-269-0234-7|location=New Delhi}}
* {{cite book|last=Cooper|first=Carebanu|title=Swami Vivekananda: Literary Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6nvXAAAAMAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan}}
* {{Citation | last = Dhar | first = Shailendra Nath| year=1976| title=A Comprehensive Biography of Swami Vivekananda | edition= 2| publisher=Vivekananda Prakashan Kendra | publication-place = Madras, India | oclc = 708330405}}
* {{cite book|last=Gosling|first=David L.|title=Science and the Indian Tradition: When Einstein Met Tagore|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a6-8-tkr5MIC&pg=PA18|year=2007|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-14333-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Michelis|first=Elizabeth De|title=A History of Modern Yoga: Patanjali and Western Esotericism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sHBBDq_Ul3sC&pg=PA109|date=8 December 2005|publisher=Continuum|isbn=978-0-8264-8772-8}}
* {{Citation|last=Nikhilananda|first=Swami|date=April 1964 |title=Swami Vivekananda Centenary|journal=Philosophy East and West|publisher=University of Hawai'i Press|volume=14|issue=1|pages=73–75|doi=10.2307/1396757|postscript=.|jstor=1396757}}
* {{Citation | last = Nikhilananda | first = Swami | year = 1953 | title=Vivekananda: A Biography | url=http://www.vivekananda.net/PDFBooks/BiographybyNikhilananda.pdf | publisher = Ramakrishna-Vivekananda Center | publication-place = New York | isbn = 0-911206-25-6 |access-date=19 March 2012}}
* {{Citation|last=Richards|first=Glyn |title=A Source-Book of Modern Hinduism |publisher=Routledge|year=1996|pages=77–78|isbn=978-0-7007-0317-3|chapter=Vivekananda}}
* {{Citation | last = Rolland | first = Romain | year = 2008 | title = The Life of Vivekananda and the Universal Gospel | publisher = Advaita Ashrama | edition = 24 | page = [https://archive.org/details/lifeofvivekanand00roll/page/328 328] | isbn = 978-81-85301-01-3 | url = https://archive.org/details/lifeofvivekanand00roll/page/328}}
* {{Citation | last = Sil | first = Narasingha Prosad | year = 1997 | title = Swami Vivekananda: A Reassessment | publisher = Susquehanna University Press | publication-place = Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania| isbn=0-945636-97-0}}
* {{Citation | editor-last = Virajananda | editor-first = Swami | year= 2006 | orig-year = 1910 |title=The Life of the Swami Vivekananda by his eastern and western disciples... in two volumes | edition=Sixth | publisher = Advaita Ashrama | publication-place = Kolkata | isbn=81-7505-044-6}}
* {{citation|last=Virajananda|first=Swami|title=The Life of the Swami Vivekananda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8CAMAQAAMAAJ|access-date=21 December 2012|volume=4|year=1918|publisher=Prabuddha Bharata Office, Advaita Ashrama}}
* {{cite book|last=Vivekananda|first=Swami|title=Meditation and Its Methods According to Swami Vivekananda|url=https://archive.org/details/meditationitsmet00vive|url-access=registration|year=1976|publisher=Vedanta Press|isbn=978-0-87481-030-1}}
{{Refend}}

{{Swami Vivekananda}}
{{Portal bar|Biography|Philosophy|Hinduism|India|Religion}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Swami Vivekananda's travels in India (1888-1893)}}
[[Category:Swami Vivekananda]]

List of mosques in Kolkata

2025-03-02T03:08:39Z

DougHuonDeKermad: Put Up Initial Data V1...

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{refimprove|date=March 2017}}
[[File:Nakhoda Masjid - Minar (3).jpg|thumb|Minaret of [[Nakhoda Mosque]]]]
'''Mosques in Kolkata''' refers to [[mosques]] in the city of [[Kolkata]], [[India]]. Kolkata is the capital city of West Bengal, a state in the eastern part of India. The city is more than 300 years old (as Kolkata) and was the capital of British India till early 1911. Kolkata hosts many churches, temples and mosques, along with other religious places. Muslims have been settling in Calcutta since the early 19th century, but the pace was accelerated from the 1860s onwards, mainly due to the harsh economic conditions in [[Bihar]] and the [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]].

== List ==
There are nearly 450 mosques (known as ''masjid'' in [[Urdu]] and [[Bengali language|Bengali]]) in Kolkata (from Ward 1 to Ward 141). Density is highest in the wards in the central part of the city, where the density of the Muslim population is higher.

*[[Basri Shah Mosque]]. Built in 1804, it is the oldest mosque of Kolkata.<ref>{{cite book|title=Calcutta through 300 years |author=Janice Leoshko}}</ref>
*[[Nakhoda Mosque]] and [[Rabindranath Tagore|Rabindra]] Sarani crossing near [[Burrabazar]], which was built in 1926.
*[[Tipu Sultan Mosque]]
*[[Rajabazar (Kolkata)|Rajabazar]] Barri Masjid
*Colootolla Chhoti Masjid
*Ahl-e-Hadees Masjid
*Habib-ul-Masaajid
*Masjid-e-Mohammadi
*Jumma Masjid
*Lal Masjid
*Karbala Masjid in [[Metiabruz]], which is Shia in orientation, while the rest all follow the Sunni faith.
*Two [[Haqqani Masjid]] of [[Haqqani Anjuman]](established by [[Murshid]] [[Maulana Sufi Mufti Azangachhi Shaheb]])
*Ahmadiyya Masjid<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://themuslimtimes.info/2014/07/26/contact-ahmadiyya-muslim-community-in-asia/|title=Contact Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in Asia|last=Shah|first=Zia H.|date=2014-07-26|website=The Muslim Times|access-date=2017-03-12|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305141123/http://themuslimtimes.info/2014/07/26/contact-ahmadiyya-muslim-community-in-asia/|archivedate=2016-03-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ahmadiyyabangla.org/Contact.htm|title=Contact Details|website=www.ahmadiyyabangla.org|access-date=2017-03-12}}</ref>

Like all growing cities, space is a problem in Kolkata. To accommodate the growing population, most of the mosques are expanding vertically. The structures are also getting changed from old style to new style, and the way of construction is changing.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

In 1942, the last mosque was built in Kolkata (in [[Entally]]).

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mosques in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mosques in Kolkata}}
[[Category:Mosques in Kolkata| ]]
[[Category:Lists of mosques in India]]

Pasand (TV channel)

2025-02-20T19:54:35Z

DougHuonDeKermad:

{{Short description|Indian Bhojpuri Entertainment Channel}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Notability|Company|date=December 2021}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2021}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox television channel
| name = Pasand TV
| logo = Pasand-TV.png
| logo_size =
| launch_date = {{launch date and age|2021|11|26|df=y}}
| owner = OSM Network
| country = [[India]]
| headquarters = [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]], India
| language = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]/[[Hindi]]
| sister_channels = Oscar Movies Bhojpuri
| website =
| TPTV serv 1 =
| IPTV chan 1 =
| adsl serv 1 =
| adsl chan 1 =
}}

'''Pasand TV'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Pasand TV|url=https://www.lyngsat.com/tvchannels/in/Pasand-TV.html|work=Lyngsat|accessdate=17 December 2021}}</ref> is a [[Free-to-air]] Hindi/Bhojpuri language entertainment channel owned by OSM Network. The channel shows Hindi and Bhojpuri shows. <ref>{{cite web|title=Mango TV rebranded to Pasand TV|url=https://www.trackdish.com/mango-tv-rebranded-to-pasand-tv/|work=Trackdish|date=25 November 2021|accessdate=25 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=PASAND(R-VISION) NEW BHOJPURI CHANNEL STARTED TEST SIGNAL ON GSAT30@83.0E|url=https://wwwksksatinfo.blogspot.com/2020/10/pasandr-vision-new-bhojpuri-channel.html?m=1|work=Ksatinfo|date = 30 October 2020|accessdate=30 October 2020}}</ref>

== Current shows ==
*''[[Yam Hain Hum]]''
*''[[Yes Boss (TV series)|Yes Boss]]''
*''[[Jijaji Chhat Per Hain]]''

== Former shows ==

*''[[Malini Iyer]]''
*''[[Kesariya Balam Aavo Hamare Des]]''
*''[[Chacha Chaudhary (2002 TV series)|Chacha Chaudhary]]''
*''[[Om Namah Shivay (1997 TV series)|Om Namah Shivay]]''

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Hindi-language television channels in India]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 2021]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television stations]]