https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=DoreenDiggs540 2026-08-07T05:46:00Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thanjavur_Assembly_constituency&diff=540289 2026-05-08T06:48:54Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|One of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 174<br /> | map_image = Constitution-Thanjavur.svg<br /> | established = 1951<br /> | district = [[Thanjavur district|Thanjavur]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Thanjavur Lok Sabha constituency|Thanjavur]]<br /> | state = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br /> | mla = [[R. Vijaysaravanan]]<br /> | latest_election_year = 2026<br /> | name = Thanjavur<br /> | electors = 252,676 <br /> | reservation = None<br /> }}<br /> '''Thanjavur''' is a state assembly constituency in [[Tamil Nadu]]. Thanjavur was one of 17 assembly constituencies to have a [[Voter-verified paper audit trail|VVPAT]] facility with EVMs in the [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/ec-to-tighten-grip-on-cash-for-votes/article8225776.ece|title=EC to tighten grip on cash for votes|date=12 February 2016|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=14 December 2018|archive-date=22 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322190411/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/ec-to-tighten-grip-on-cash-for-votes/article8225776.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in [[Tamil Nadu]] in India. Former chief minister Karunanidhi represented.<br /> <br /> == Members of Legislative Assembly ==<br /> === Madras State ===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Year<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Winner<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2|1952<br /> |[[M. Marimuthu (Thanjavur MLA)|M. Marimuthu]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |S. Ramalingam<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br /> | [[A. Y. S. Parisutha Nadar]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br /> | M. Karunanidhi<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> | A. Y. S. Parisutha Nadar<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Tamil Nadu ===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Year<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Winner<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]<br /> |rowspan=3| [[S. Natarajan]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]<br /> | [[Durai Krishnamurthy]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]<br /> | [[S. N. M. Ubayadullah]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br /> | [[S. D. Somasundaram]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br /> |rowspan=3| [[S. N. M. Ubayadullah]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br /> |rowspan=2| [[M. Rangaswamy|M. Rengasamy]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]] - 2017<br /> |-<br /> | 2019 by-election<br /> |rowspan=2| [[T. K. G. Neelamegam]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2021<br /> |-<br /> | [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]<br /> | R. Vijay Saravaran<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> {{bar box<br /> |float=right<br /> |title= Vote share of winning candidates<br /> |titlebar=#ddd<br /> |width=300px<br /> |barwidth=275px<br /> |bars=<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2026|2026]]|{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}|44.12}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|53.79}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2019 by-election|2019 by-election]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|46.37}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|54.37}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|50.57}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2006|2006]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|50.11}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2001|2001]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|50.96}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|65.82}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|58.65}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|53.83}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|49.90}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|50.61}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|41.72}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|55.72}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|53.36}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1962|1962]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|50.89}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1957|1957]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|51.35}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1952|1952]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|20.80}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> === 2026 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanjavur}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Vijaysaravanan]]|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|votes=87,705|percentage=44.12|change=''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Shan. Ramanathan|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=70,750|percentage=35.58|change={{decrease}}18.21}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Karuppu Muruganantham|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=26,790|percentage=13.48|change=''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Krishna Kumar|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi|votes=9,383|percentage=4.72|change={{decrease}}4.28}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA|party=None of the above|votes=1,274|percentage=0.64|change={{decrease}}0.36}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=16,955 |percentage=8.53 |change={{decrease}}15.91}}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=1,98,798|percentage=|change=}}<br /> {{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage=}}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 249064|change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|loser= Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|swing={{increase}}44.12 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2021 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanjavur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title= Thanjavur Election Result|url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a174|access-date= 18 Jun 2022|archive-date= 18 June 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220618110214/https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a174/|url-status= live}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[T. K. G. Neelamegam]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=103,772 |percentage=53.79% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Arivudainambi |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=56,623 |percentage=29.35% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Subadevi |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=17,366 |percentage=9.00% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Sundaramohan |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=9,681 |percentage=5.02% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Dr. P. Ramanathan |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=4,246 |percentage=2.20% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=1,938 |percentage=1.00% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=47,149 |percentage=24.44% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=192,921 |percentage=66.35% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box rejected|votes=117|percentage=0.06% }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 290,772 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2019 by-election===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-elections]]: Thanjavur&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title= Form 21E (Return of Election), 2019 By-Election |url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC174.pdf |access-date=22 Feb 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222065227/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC174.pdf |archive-date=22 Feb 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[T. K. G. Neelamegam]]<br /> |votes = 88,972<br /> |percentage = 46.37<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[R. Gandhi]]<br /> |votes = 54,992<br /> |percentage = 28.66<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[M. Rangaswamy]]<br /> |votes = 20,006<br /> |percentage =10.43<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Naam Tamilar Katchi<br /> |candidate = M. Karthi<br /> |votes = 11,182<br /> |percentage =5.83<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Makkal Needhi Maiam<br /> |candidate = [[P. Duraisamy]]<br /> |votes = 9,345<br /> |percentage = 4.87<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]<br /> |votes = 2,797<br /> |percentage = 1.54<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = 33,980<br /> |percentage = 17.71<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = 1,91,871<br /> |percentage = 69.16<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link<br /> |winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |loser = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2016 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Thanjavur]]}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[M. Rangaswamy]]<br /> |votes = 1,01,362<br /> |percentage = 54.37<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = Anjugam Boopathy<br /> |votes = 74,488<br /> |percentage = 39.95<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = Ramalingam M S<br /> |votes = 3,806<br /> |percentage = 2.04<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above]]<br /> |votes = 2,295<br /> |percentage =1.23<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party =Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = Abdullah Sait V<br /> |votes = 1,534<br /> |percentage = 0.82<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = 26,874<br /> |percentage = 14.41<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = 1,86,444<br /> |percentage = 69.37<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> |winner = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2011 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanjavur&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu|work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf| archive-date =15 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Rengasamy]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=75,415 |percentage=50.57% |change=+9.6 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. N. M. Ubayadullah]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=68,086 |percentage=45.66% |change=-4.46 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. S. Ramalingam |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,901 |percentage=1.27% |change=-0.4 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Rayar Victor Arokiyaraj |party=Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi |votes=1,505 |percentage=1.01% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,329 |percentage=4.91% |change= -4.23% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=149,130 |percentage=73.83% |change= 7.56% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 202,002 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 0.46% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2006===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanjavur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 2006 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| access-date = 12 May 2006| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. N. M. Ubayadullah]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=61,658 |percentage=50.11% |change=-0.85 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Rengasamy]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=50,412 |percentage=40.97% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Sivanesan |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=7,484 |percentage=6.08% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. S. Ramalingam |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,057 |percentage=1.67% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Nagendran |party=Independent politician |votes=756 |percentage=0.61% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,246 |percentage=9.14% |change= 0.38% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=123,038 |percentage=66.26% |change= 17.38% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 185,684 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -0.85% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2001===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanjavur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. N. M. Ubayadullah]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=55,782 |percentage=50.96% |change=-14.86 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Rajmohan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=46,192 |percentage=42.20% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Anna |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=4,289 |percentage=3.92% |change=-0.23 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Pandiyan |party=Independent politician |votes=738 |percentage=0.67% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Paramanandam |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=734 |percentage=0.67% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,590 |percentage=8.76% |change= -28.58% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=109,460 |percentage=48.88% |change= -16.80% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 224,016 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -14.86% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1996===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanjavur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 1996 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. N. M. Ubayadullah]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=79,471 |percentage=65.82% |change=+25.27 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. D. Somasundaram]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=34,389 |percentage=28.48% |change=-30.17 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Veluchamy |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=5,012 |percentage=4.15% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=45,082 |percentage=37.34% |change= 19.24% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=120,738 |percentage=65.68% |change= 4.46% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 188,675 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 7.17% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1991===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanjavur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. D. Somasundaram]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=64,363 |percentage=58.65% |change=+35.89 }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. N. M. Ubayadullah]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=44,502 |percentage=40.55% |change=-13.28 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=19,861 |percentage=18.10% |change= -12.97% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=109,736 |percentage=61.22% |change= -10.18% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 183,277 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 4.82% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1989===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanjavur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| archive-date = 6 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. N. M. Ubayadullah]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=60,380 |percentage=53.83% |change=+5.76 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Thirugnanam Durai |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=25,527 |percentage=22.76% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Durai Krishnamoorty |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,383 |percentage=18.17% |change=-31.73 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Manivasham |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=4,771 |percentage=4.25% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=34,853 |percentage=31.07% |change= 29.24% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=112,165 |percentage=71.40% |change= -1.38% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 159,359 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 3.93% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1984===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanjavur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| archive-date = 17 Jan 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Durai Krishnamurthy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=48,065 |percentage=49.90% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. S. Thangamuthu Nattar|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=46,304 |percentage=48.08% |change=-2.53 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. K. Gadhadaran |party=Indian National Congress (Jagjivan) |votes=1,327 |percentage=1.38% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. A. Bakthavachalam |party=Independent politician |votes=618 |percentage=0.64% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,761 |percentage=1.83% |change= 0.62% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=96,314 |percentage=72.78% |change= 9.20% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 135,351 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -0.70% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1980===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanjavur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf| archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Natarajan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=40,880 |percentage=50.61% |change=+8.88 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Ramamurthy |party=Independent politician |votes=39,901 |percentage=49.39% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=979 |percentage=1.21% |change= -10.97% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=80,781 |percentage=63.58% |change= -0.41% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 128,484 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 8.88% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1977===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanjavur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Natarajan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=33,418 |percentage=41.72% |change=-14 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Saminathan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=23,662 |percentage=29.54% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. P. Murugesan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,584 |percentage=20.71% |change=-23.57 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Vaithiyalingam |party=Janata Party |votes=6,037 |percentage=7.54% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,756 |percentage=12.18% |change= 0.73% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=80,092 |percentage=63.99% |change= -12.01% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 126,647 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -14.00% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1971===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanjavur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Natarajan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=38,288 |percentage=55.72% |change=+9.61 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Y. Arokiasamy Nadar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=30,423 |percentage=44.28% |change=-9.09 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,865 |percentage=11.45% |change= 4.20% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=68,711 |percentage=76.00% |change= -3.98% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 92,679 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 2.36% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1967===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanjavur&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|archive-date=20 March 2012|access-date= 19 April 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. Y. S. Parisutha Nadar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=33,228 |percentage=53.36% |change=+5.52 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Natarajan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=28,717 |percentage=46.12% |change=-4.78 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. S. Subramanian |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=324 |percentage=0.52% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,511 |percentage=7.24% |change= 4.19% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=62,269 |percentage=79.98% |change= -0.99% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 79,669 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 2.47% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1962===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanjavur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title=Statistical Report on General Election 1962|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|access-date= 19 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Karunanidhi]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=32,145 |percentage=50.89% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. Y. S. Parisutha Nadar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=30,217 |percentage=47.84% |change=-3.5 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Shanmuga Vadivel |party=Independent politician |votes=799 |percentage=1.27% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,928 |percentage=3.05% |change= -20.49% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=63,161 |percentage=80.97% |change= 28.81% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 79,718 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -0.45% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1957===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanjavur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title=Statistical Report on General Election 1957 | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf| access-date=2015-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127200447/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf|archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. Y. S. Parisutha Nadar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,810 |percentage=51.35% |change=+30.55 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Gopalakrishnan |party=Independent politician |votes=11,809 |percentage=27.80% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Bethannu Nadar |party=Independent politician |votes=8,858 |percentage=20.85% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,001 |percentage=23.54% |change= 21.20% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=42,477 |percentage=52.16% |change= -37.65% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 81,430 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 30.55% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1952===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanjavur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title=Statistical Report on General Election 1951| url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf| access-date=2014-10-14|archive-date=27 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Marimuthu (Thanjavur Mla)|M. Marimuthu]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=27,712 |percentage=20.80% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Ramalingam]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=24,585 |percentage=18.45% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Swaminatha Mercondar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,332 |percentage=17.51% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Shanmugan |party=Independent politician |votes=22,865 |percentage=17.16% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Gopalakrishnan |party=Independent politician |votes=12,244 |percentage=9.19% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Narayanaswami |party=Independent politician |votes=4,492 |percentage=3.37% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Lakshmana Marupathiar |party=Independent politician |votes=4,226 |percentage=3.17% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Srinivasachari |party=Akhil Bharat Hindu Maha Sabha |votes=3,195 |percentage=2.40% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Natarajan |party=Independent politician |votes=3,080 |percentage=2.31% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. K. Singarvelu |party=Independent politician |votes=2,618 |percentage=1.96% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Govindan |party=Independent politician |votes=2,523 |percentage=1.89% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,127 |percentage=2.35% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=133,240 |percentage=89.81% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 148,355 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> * {{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|title= Statistical reports of assembly elections|access-date= 8 July 2010|publisher= Election Commission of India|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|archive-date= 5 October 2010}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}<br /> {{coord|10.76|79.13|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Thanjavur]]<br /> [[Category:Thanjavur district]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br /> [[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mounaraagam_(Telugu_TV_series)&diff=518549 2026-05-04T22:01:10Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: Started basic info v1 - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian Telugu television series}}{{For|the TV series in other languages and the movie|Mouna Ragam (disambiguation)}}<br /> <br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Mounaragam.jpeg<br /> | alt_name =<br /> | genre = [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]<br /> | writer = '''Dialogues '''&lt;br&gt;Mullapudi Seshkumar &amp; Jajula Nookarajunaidu <br /> | screenplay = Uday Bhagavathula &lt;br&gt; Jarugula Ramarao<br /> | director = RK Malineni<br /> | starring = Priyanka Jain &lt;br&gt; Shiva Kumar Marihal &lt;br&gt; Sakshi Shiva &lt;br&gt; Anil Allam<br /> | theme_music_composer = Mallik MVK<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Telugu<br /> | num_seasons = <br /> | num_episodes = 662&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/mounaragam-completes-500-episodes-heres-how-netizens-react/articleshow/77219600.cms|title=Mounaragam completes 500 episodes; here's how netizens react - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/mounaragam-to-complete-600-episodes-shivakumar-aka-ankit-reveals-his-pet-name-for-co-star-priyanka-jain-aka-ammulu/articleshow/79306897.cms|title=Mounaragam to complete 600 episodes; Shivakumar aka Ankit reveals his pet name for co-star Priyanka Jain aka Ammulu - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | producer = S N Swamy<br /> | cinematography = Narnikollu Chandra Shekar<br /> | editor = S Venkateswara Rao &lt;br&gt; Pavan Kumar Gattu<br /> | company = Flying Eagle<br /> | network = [[Star Maa]]<br /> | first_aired = {{Start date|df=y|2018|09|16}}<br /> | last_aired = {{End date|df=y|2021|01|30}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Mounaraagam'''''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=New serial Mouna Ragam to launch soon - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/new-serial-mouna-ragam-to-launch-soon/articleshow/65764429.cms |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; is an Indian [[Telugu language]] television [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] series that aired on [[Star Maa]] from 16 September 2018 to 30 January 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Mounaragam goes off-air; actors Priyanka Jain and Shivakumar Marihal leave an emotional thank you note - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/mounaragam-goes-off-air-actors-priyanka-jain-and-shivakumar-marihal-leave-an-emotional-thank-you-note/articleshow/80613406.cms |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; It stars Priyanka Jain, Shiva Kumar Marihal and Anil Allam in lead roles.<br /> <br /> == Synopsis ==<br /> The story is about a mute child named Ammulu, who is rejected by her father Seenaiah and her grandmother Kanthamma as they believed that she brings misfortune. Ammulu's mother Neelaveni raised her separately in a hatch outside their house while both her sister Vasantha and her brother Chakri are raised in the house. Seenaiah is a mechanic and he loves his son Chakri a lot, but he never even looks at Ammulu. Although Ammulu cannot speak, she loves drawing and painting.<br /> <br /> On the other hand, Nandini is a good-hearted rich CEO who raised her son Ankith and daughter Lucky on her own. Nandini's brother Vishnu is evil and wants to acquire the entire property by marrying off his daughter Sarayu to Ankith. Nandini admires her brother and is unaware of Vishnu and his wife Kalpavalli's intentions. However, Ankith who returns from US, falls in love with Ammulu for her good heart and kind nature. He also realizes that she saved his life in childhood and even offers her a job at his company. Ammulu's best friend Rosie conveys Ammulu's disability condition and her family situation to Ankith, after which Ankith started caring for her even more and eventually Ammulu reciprocated his feelings. <br /> <br /> Meanwhile, Ankith's sister Lucky becomes pregnant due to Chakri. Nandini and Seenaiah decide to get them married despite not agreeing with their relationship. Seenaiah eventually realizes bad deeds committed by Chakri and starts distancing himself from his son. Due to this, Chakri along with Vishnu, Sarayu and Kalpavalli hatched multiple plans to create further rifts between Nandini and Seenaiah. Though Nandini initially admired Ammulu for her good deeds, she eventually came to know that she is disabled and dismissed Ankith's marriage proposal with her, as it reminded her of her husband who betrayed and left her. Moreover, Vishnu and Sarayu manipulated Nandini to further hate Ammulu and Seenaiah by creating fake scenarios due to which Nandini thinks that Ammulu is trying to trap Ankith for money like her brother Chakri did with Lucky.<br /> <br /> Meanwhile, Ankith's best friend Bharath, who's also the new police officer in their town, starts loving Ammulu. As Chakri and Vasantha's marriages are already completed, Seenaiah fixes Ammulu's marriage with Bharath to get rid of her. However, after Bharath's evil intentions are revealed, the marriage gets cancelled. Also, Kanthamma realizes her mistakes and finally apologizes and accepts Ammulu as her granddaughter. Meanwhile both Ankith and Lucky figure out the evil intentions of Vishnu and start warning Nandini, but she refuses to believe them. After some series of events, Ammulu and Ankith get married, against the wishes of both Nandini and Seenaiah, but supported by Neelaveni. After the marriage, Ankith tries to get Seenaiah's approval by leaving his CEO life and leading a simple life working in a mechanic shed. Meanwhile, Vishnu unable to watch his daughter Sarayu's pain of rejection, plans to kill Ammulu but unfortunately Ankith dies in that boat accident planned by him.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='మౌనరాగం' సీరియల్ : 'అంకిత్ ఇక లేడు!' ఒంటరిదైన అమ్ములు..? |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tv/news/mounaragam-telugu-serial-written-update-19-february-2020-joseph-helps-ammulu/articleshow/74214412.cms |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Samayam Telugu |language=te}}&lt;/ref&gt; Everyone believes Ankith died but Ammulu doesn't accept it. Nandini, who is devastated by Ankith's death, blames Ammulu and her family, due to Vishnu's manipulation. Lucky tries to convince Nandini to not blame Ammulu but fails.<br /> <br /> Eventually Seenaiah finally realises his mistakes after Ammulu saves his life after an accident and accepts Ammulu as his daughter by asking her to forgive him for everything since childhood. Also Vasantha, who earlier worked to feed information to Sarayu for money, changes after Ammulu solves her marital problem and unites Vasantha with her distant husband Dhanush. At that time, Anurag, a blind person comes to their village and helps Ammulu to get over Ankith by encouraging her to pursue her dream as an artist and starts a project “Mounaraagam”. Seenaiah also encourages Ammulu to pursue her dream and even fixes her marriage with Anurag. However one day, Ammulu falls unconscious on the road and was found by doctor Sunitha. After performing some tests, Sunitha declares that Ammulu has cancer and she might not live longer. Ammulu asks Sunitha to not tell this to anyone.<br /> <br /> After couple of days, Ankith returns alive, much to everyone's surprise. As Ammulu believes she has less time, she distances herself with Ankith by pretending to be close with Anurag and tries to fix Ankith's marriage with his childhood friend Pooja who returned from abroad and has feelings for him. Though Pooja feels happy, she also feels a little guilty about Ammulu. Eventually, both Seenaiah and Ankith discover Ammulu's illness and pretend to act as if everything is normal infront of Neelaveni and rest of the family. Seenaiah finally approves Ankith as his son-in-law and apologizes to Anurag for giving him hopes. However Anurag reveals that he is Ankith's half-brother as both of them were born to same father but were separated in childhood. Anurag sacrifices his love on Ammulu for Ankith and wishes them the best before leaving. Ammulu insists Ankith and Pooja to marry and they both unwillingly agree for sake of Ammulu's happiness. Sarayu who also discovered that Ammulu has less time, questions Ammulu as to why she didn't pick her instead of Pooja. Ammulu tells her that Pooja is better than Sarayu as she is kind, pure and good-hearted. Frustrated, Sarayu tries to marry Ankith forcefully by kidnapping him but Ankith clarifies that he will never be able to love her or even Pooja and he will stay single forever if Ammulu dies. He also explains that love is a pure feeling which cannot be forced and Sarayu was brainwashed by Vishnu and Kalpavalli since childhood and that she is not actually in love with him. Sarayu finally realizes Ankith's love for Ammulu and she finally moves on by letting him go.<br /> <br /> Meanwhile, Pooja's father Krishna Prasad, who is a renowned doctor, discovers that there is a treatment to Ammulu's illness. However, Vishnu along with brainwashed Chakri kidnap Ammulu to stop Ankith and Pooja's marriage for Ankith’s property. But after kidnapping Ammulu, Vishnu decides to kill both Chakri and Ammulu, due to which, Chakri realizes that Vishnu manipulated and used him as a pawn to get his revenge on Ammulu. Chakri finally realizes his sister's value and apologizes to Ammulu and tries to fight back Vishnu. Meanwhile Ankith, Seenaiah and Nandini track Vishnu's location with Sarayu's help and save Chakri and Ammulu. Nandini finally understands Vishnu's true colours and bad intentions, and gets him arrested and even Sarayu starts hating her father. All of them admit Ammulu at a hospital and Chakri pays the hospital fee using the money earned from Ammulu and Anurag's project “Mounaraagam” by selling Ammulu's drawings. Because of this, both Seenaiah and Ankith forgive Chakri. Then, Krishna Prasad operates on Ammulu and successfully saves her life. Finally Ammulu and Ankith happily reunite along with Lucky, Chakri, Seenaiah, Neelaveni, Kanthamma, Nandini, Pooja, and Krishna Prasad.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> <br /> === Main ===<br /> <br /> * Priyanka Jain&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Mounaragam fame Priyanka Jain turns a year older; thanks beau Shivakumar Marihal for the 'love and support' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/mounaragam-fame-priyanka-jain-turns-a-year-older-thanks-beau-shivakumar-marihal-for-the-love-and-support/articleshow/84060742.cms |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; as Ammulu: Seenaiah and Neelaveni's daughter; Ankith's wife; Kanthamma’s granddaughter; Vasantha and Chakri’s sister; Lucky’s sister-in-law<br /> ** Baby Sahruda as Young Ammulu<br /> * Shivakumar Marihal&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=What's cooking between Mounaragam fame Priyanka Jain and Shivakumar Marihal? - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/whats-cooking-between-mounaragam-fame-priyanka-jain-and-shivakumar-marihal/articleshow/81873603.cms |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; as Ankith: Nandini's son; Ammulu's husband; Lucky’s brother; Chakri’s brother-in-law<br /> * Anil Allam as Seenaiah (2020-2021): Neelaveni's husband; Ammulu, Vasantha and Chakri's father; Kanthamma’s son; Lucky, Ankith and Dhanush’s father-in-law<br /> ** [[Saakshi Siva]] (2018-2020)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-12 |title=Mounaragam fame Saakshi Siva on battling COVID-19: Loneliness during self-isolation hit me hard; I even contemplated suicide |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/mounaragam-fame-saakshi-siva-on-battling-covid-19-loneliness-during-self-isolation-hit-me-hard-i-even-contemplated-suicide/photostory/76920570.cms |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; as Seenaiah<br /> <br /> === Recurring ===<br /> <br /> * Sirisha as Neelaveni: Seenaiah's wife; Ammulu, Vasantha and Chakri's mother; Kanthamma’s daughter-in-law; Lucky, Ankith and Dhanush’s mother-in-law<br /> * Sai Lalitha (Later) as Nandini: Ankith and Lucky's mother; Vishnu’s sister; Ammulu and Chakri’s mother-in-law; Sarayu’s aunt; Anurag’s step-mother<br /> ** Swathi (Earlier)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Gattimela: Swathi is the new Suhasini; replaces Archana - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/gattimela-swathi-is-the-new-suhasini-replaces-archana/articleshow/77237460.cms |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; as Nandini <br /> * Haritha Udaykumar (Later) as Vasantha: Ammulu and Chakri’s sister; Dhanush’s wife; Seenaiah and Neelaveni’s eldest daughter <br /> ** Shravani (Earlier)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-09-09 |title=Telugu TV actor Sravani Kondapalli dies by suicide, family alleges harassment |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/telugu-tv-actor-sravani-kondapalli-dies-suicide-family-alleges-harassment-132656 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; as Vasantha<br /> * Neema Singh as Lucky: Ankith's sister; Chakri's wife; Nandini’s daughter; Ammulu’s sister-in-law<br /> * Draksharamam Saroja as Kanthamma: Seenaiah's mother; Ammulu, Vasantha and Chakri's grandmother; Neelaveni’s mother-in-law<br /> * Malineni Hemanth as Chakri: Ammulu and Vasantha’s brother; Seenaiah and Neelaveni’s son; Lucky's husband; Nandini's son-in-law; Ankith's brother-in-law<br /> * Rajeev Ravichandra as Bharath:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='మౌనరాగం' సీరియల్ : అమ్ములు మూగవేదన! 'ఇదేం ప్రేమ శాడిజం?' |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tv/news/mounaragam-telugu-serial-written-update-6-december-2019-ammulu-makes-an-attempt/articleshow/72410240.cms |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Samayam Telugu |language=te}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ankith’s friend; Loves Ammulu with bad intentions<br /> * Antara Swarnakar as Pooja: Krishna Prasad’s daughter; Ankith's childhood friend and one-sided lover; Ammulu’s well-wisher<br /> * Neha Deshpande (Later) as Sarayu: Vishnu and Kalpavalli’s daughter; Nandini’s niece; Ankith's cousin and ex-fiancée; Ammulu’s rival; loves Ankith with bad intentions <br /> ** Vaishali Raj (Earlier) as Sarayu<br /> * Chakri as Doctor Krishna Prasad: Pooja's Father; Ammulu’s doctor<br /> * Pavan Ravindra&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=My Telugu serial Mounaragam is my toughest role yet: Pavan Ravindra - Times of India ► |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/my-telugu-serial-mounaragam-is-my-toughest-role-yet-pavan-ravindra/articleshow/77393090.cms |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=The Times of India |language=en|last1=Chakravorty |first1=Joyeeta }}&lt;/ref&gt; as Anurag: Ankith and Lucky’s half-brother; Nandini’s step-son; Ammulu's one-sided lover<br /> * [[Jayalalita|Jaya Lalita]] as Village head / Dharmakartha<br /> * Jyothi Reddy as Doctor Sunitha<br /> * Rajendra RK as Vishnu: Sarayu's father; Nandini’s brother; Kalpavalli’s husband; Ankith and Lucky’s uncle<br /> * Roopa Reddy as Kalpavalli: Vishnu's wife; Sarayu's mother; Nandini’s sister-in-law; Ankith and Lucky’s aunt<br /> * Naresh Lolla as Dhanush: Vasantha’s husband; Chakri's friend and brother-in-law; Seenaiah and Neelaveni’s son-in-law; Chakri and Ammulu’s brother-in-law<br /> * Renu Qiyara as Rosie: Joseph and Stella’s daughter; Ammulu’s best friend since childhood<br /> * Srinivas Bhogireddy as Joseph: Seenaiah's best friend; Stella’s husband; Rosie’s father; Ammulu’s father-figure<br /> * Sandhya Rani as Stella: Joseph's wife; Rosie’s mother<br /> * Rithu Chowdary as Gayathri: Sarayu’s friend<br /> <br /> === Cameo appearance ===<br /> <br /> * [[Sujitha]] as Sita (from [[Vadinamma]] serial)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Mounaragam: Sita to have a faceoff with Seenaiah about Ammulu - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/mounaragam-sita-to-have-a-faceoff-with-seenaiah-about-ammulu/articleshow/74473500.cms |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Adaptations==<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;background:LightGreen;&quot;|Language<br /> !style=&quot;background:LightGreen;&quot;|Title<br /> !style=&quot;background:LightGreen;&quot;|Original release<br /> !style=&quot;background:LightGreen;&quot;|Network(s)<br /> !style=&quot;background:LightGreen;&quot;|Last aired<br /> !style=&quot;background:LightGreen;&quot;|Notes<br /> |-<br /> | [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br /> | ''Mounaraagam'' &lt;br&gt; మౌన రాగం <br /> | 16 September 2018<br /> | [[Star Maa]]<br /> | 30 January 2021<br /> | Original<br /> |-<br /> | [[Kannada]]<br /> | ''Mounaragaa''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/tv-serial-mounaraaga-completes-100-episodes/articleshow/68890317.cms|title=TV serial Mounaraaga completes 100 episodes|website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt; ಮೌನ ರಾಗ<br /> | 17 December 2018<br /> | [[Star Suvarna]]<br /> | 14 June 2019<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Remake<br /> |-<br /> | [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> | ''[[Kaatrin Mozhi (TV series)|Kaatrin Mozhi]]'' &lt;br&gt; காற்றின் மொழி<br /> | 7 October 2019<br /> | [[Star Vijay]]<br /> | 10 April 2021<br /> |-<br /> | [[Malayalam]]<br /> | ''[[Mounaragam (Malayalam TV series)|Mounaragam]]'' &lt;br&gt; മൗനരാഗം (till episode 480)<br /> | 16 December 2019<br /> | [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]<br /> | Ongoing<br /> |-<br /> | [[Marathi language|Marathi]]<br /> | ''[[Mulgi Zali Ho]]'' &lt;br&gt; मुलगी झाली हो<br /> | 2 September 2020<br /> | [[Star Pravah]]<br /> | 14 January 2023<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;1&quot;|[[Hindi]]<br /> | ''[[Teri Laadli Main]]'' &lt;br&gt; तेरी लाडली मैं<br /> | 5 January 2021<br /> | [[Star Bharat]]<br /> | 22 April 2021<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> The series had a third placing in the TRP charts for a week in 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Mounaragam outshines Vadinamma; crawls up to 3rd spot - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/mounaragam-outshines-vadinamma-crawls-up-to-3rd-spot/articleshow/77393782.cms |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Title song ==<br /> {{Track listing<br /> | title1 = Mounaraagam Title song &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gzzpfxN42oM|title=Mounaraagam Title Song by Singer Sunitha - #మౌనరాగం|date=18 September 2018 |via=www.youtube.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | length1 = 2:26<br /> | total_length = 2:26<br /> | all_music = Mallik MVK<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | extra1 = [[Sunitha Upadrashta]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> <br /> * [https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/mounaraagam/18383/ Mounaraagam] on [[Disney+ Hotstar]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Indian television soap operas]]<br /> [[Category:Telugu-language television shows]]<br /> [[Category:Indian drama television series]]<br /> [[Category:Star Maa original programming]]<br /> [[Category:2018 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:2021 Indian television series endings]]<br /> [[Category:Television remakes]]<br /> [[Category:Television productions suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sree_Chitra_Tirunal_Institute_for_Medical_Sciences_and_Technology&diff=536966 2026-05-04T04:13:29Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: started basic article basic info</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Research and Development Institute in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox university<br /> | name = Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology<br /> | other_names = <br /> | image = Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology Logo.svg<br /> | image_size = 180px<br /> | caption = <br /> | latin_name = <br /> | motto = Jeeva Jyotir Aseemahi<br /> | mottoeng = May We Live and Have Light<br /> | type = [[Institution of National Importance]]<br /> | established = {{start date and age|1976}}<br /> | vice_chancellor = <br /> | head_label = <br /> | head = <br /> | students = <br /> | undergrad = <br /> | postgrad = <br /> | doctoral = <br /> | city = [[Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> | state = [[Kerala]]<br /> | country = India<br /> | coordinates = {{Coord|8.5206|N|76.9264|E|region:IN_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}<br /> | campus = Urban<br /> | free_label = <br /> | free = <br /> | colors = <br /> | colours = <br /> | mascot = [[Turbinella pyrum|Conch shell]]<br /> | nickname = SCTIMST<br /> | affiliations = <br /> | president = [[Kris Gopalakrishnan|Senapathy Kris Gopalakrishnan]]<br /> | director = Dr. Sanjay Behari<br /> | dean = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> | parent = [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science and Technology]], [[Government of India]]<br /> | website = {{URL|sctimst.ac.in}}<br /> | logo = <br /> }}<br /> '''Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology''' ('''SCTIMST'''), formerly '''Sree Chitra Tirunal Medical Center''', is an [[Institution of National Importance]] in India established in 1976 at [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]]. The institute is a statutory body under the [[Ministry of Science and Technology (India)|Ministry of Science and Technology]] under the administrative control of the [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science and Technology]], [[Government of India]]. SCTIMST is one of the most prominent research institutes and centers in India.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> In 1973 [[Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma]], the last [[Maharajah of Travancore]], gifted a multi-storied building to the [[Government of Kerala]]. In 1976 [[P. N. Haksar]], the deputy chairman of the [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]], inaugurated the Sree Chitra Tirunal Medical Center. This was followed by a Biomedical Technology wing, established at the Satelmond Palace, Poojapura,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=indiankanoon|first=.org|title=Revathinnal Balagopala Varma vs His Highness Shri Padmanabhadasa ... on 28 November, 1991|url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1999764/|work=Supreme Court of India, Bench: S Ranganathan, M F Beevi, N Ojha|publisher=JUDGMENT N.D. Ojha J.|access-date=2 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; nearly {{cvt|11|km}} away, a grab from [[Sethu Lakshmi Bayi]], the aunt of Balarama Varma.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Gauri Lakshmi Bai|first=Aswathy Thirunal|title=Sree Padmanabha Swamy Kshetram|date=July 1998|publisher=The State Institute of Languages|location=Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala|isbn=978-81-7638-028-7|pages=259–277, 242–243}}&lt;/ref&gt; The institute was declared an [[Institute of National Importance]] by an Act of Parliament in 1980, and renamed to its current name.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.dst.gov.in/autonomous/stimst.htm |title=Welcome to Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India :: |work=dst.gov.in |access-date=30 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; The third wing of the institute, Achutha Menon Center for Health Science Studies (AMCHSS), was established in 2000.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sctimst.ac.in/About%20SCTIMST/History/ History - Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum]. Sctimst. Retrieved on 2013-10-09.&lt;/ref&gt; The institute is currently headed by Dr Sanjay Behari, prominent neurosurgeon. Former directors of the institute were [[M. S. Valiathan]] (1979–1994), K. Mohandas (1994–2009), [[Kurupath Radhakrishnan|K. Radhakrishnan]] (2009–2013) and Dr Asha Kishore (2015–2020).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Former Directors|url=https://www.sctimst.ac.in/About%20SCTIMST/Former%20Directors/|publisher=Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum|access-date=24 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> The official emblem of the institute honours the symbol of the royal family of Travancore, the Shankh (conch) of [[Padmanabhaswamy Temple|Sree Padmanabhaswamy]].<br /> <br /> == Divisions==<br /> * Tertiary Care Hospital (about 250 beds) headed by Dr. Kavita Raja, the current Medical Superintendent (in charge).<br /> * [[Biomedical Technology Wing]] (with state of the art technology development facilities) headed by Dr. Harikrishna Varma P. R.<br /> * Center for Health Sciences &amp; Public Health —Achutha Menon Center for Health Science Studies.<br /> <br /> === Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies ===<br /> Named after former chief minister of Kerala [[C. Achutha Menon]], AMCHSS was developed in 1990s with the aim to conduct researches and to educate researchers to reduce health inequity. AMCHSS is the academic division of the institute and conducts research for various disciplines related to health. The center offers MPH, DPH, and PhD courses in health sciences.<br /> <br /> === Biomedical Technology Wing ===<br /> The [[Biomedical Technology]] Wing has played a pioneering role in the establishment of a medical device industry base in India by successfully developing and transferring technologies for diverse medical products such as disposable [[blood bag]] system, mechanical [[heart valve prosthesis]], blood oxygenators, [[Ophthalmology|ophthalmic]] sponge, concentric needle electrode, [[hydroxyapatite]] based biocermaic porous granules with many more in the pipeline with industrial collaboration. It has also been the only institute in India to have developed an [[artificial heart valve]] that is currently manufactured and marketed by TTK.<br /> <br /> The institute holds international [[patents]] for devices and processes and holds the record for maximum number of patents in [[Kerala]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Sri Chitra Institute leads in patents&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Sri Chitra Institute leads in patents|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/cities/kochi/sri-chitra-institute-leads-patents-190|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514102222/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/cities/kochi/sri-chitra-institute-leads-patents-190|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 May 2011|work=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=27 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Biomedical Technology Wing has implemented a quality system to meet the requirements of international standard ISO/IEC 17025. About 20 of these tests are accredited by the Comité français d'accréditation (Cofrac) of France.<br /> <br /> === Hospital Wing ===<br /> The hospital has the following departments:<br /> * Department of Cardiology<br /> * Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery<br /> *Department of Anaesthesiology<br /> **Cardiothoracic and vascular anaesthesiology<br /> **Neuroanaesthesiology<br /> * Department of Imaging Sciences and Interventional Radiology<br /> * Department of Neurology<br /> * Department of Neurosurgery<br /> * Division of Clinical Engineering<br /> * Division of Microbiology<br /> * Department of Pathology<br /> * Division of Biochemistry<br /> * Department of Transfusion Medicine<br /> * Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology<br /> * Division of Tissue Engineering<br /> * Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation department<br /> <br /> === Patient care ===<br /> SCTIMST has a 253-bed hospital for tertiary care of [[cardiovascular]] and [[neurological]] diseases. It conducts clinics in cardiology, cardiovascular and thoracic, neurology, neurosurgery, radiology, physical medicine and rehabilitation for the public. The institute has pioneered some advanced neurological therapies in India, like Epilepsy surgery and Deep Brain Stimulation. In the past 15 years, the institute has done nearly 1,220 epilepsy surgeries – the highest number by any hospital in Asia.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/article2157711.ece Sree Chitra institute to launch key sub-specialties]. The Hindu (4 July 2011). Retrieved on 2013-10-09.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Academic offerings ==<br /> <br /> The institute has the status of a university and offers postdoctoral, doctoral and postgraduate courses in medical specialties, public health, nursing, physiotherapy, basic sciences and health care technology. It is a member of the [[Association of Indian Universities]] and the [[Association of Commonwealth Universities]].<br /> <br /> ==Notable faculty==<br /> *[[B. K. Misra]] - Neurosurgeon, recipient of [[Dr. B. C. Roy Award]], the highest medical honour in India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PAST PRESIDENTS 2000-2016 |url=https://usagym.org/PDFs/Results/nationals_artistic_1995.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[C. Kesavadas]], radiologist, 2009&amp;nbsp;[[National Bioscience Award for Career Development|N-BIOS Prize]] awardee&lt;ref name=&quot;Vidwan - Profile Page&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://vidwan.inflibnet.ac.in/profile/15762 |title=Vidwan - Profile Page |website=vidwan.inflibnet.ac.in |language=en |access-date=2018-01-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Kurupath Radhakrishnan]]<br /> *[[V. Ramankutty]]<br /> *[[Lizymol Philipose Pamadykandathil]] - researcher awarded the highest award for women - [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]] in 2017&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=On International Women's Day, the President conferred the prestigious Nari Shakti Puraskars to 30 eminent women and 9 distinguished Institutions for the year 2017|url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1523402|website=pib.gov.in|access-date=2020-05-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Jeemon Panniyammakal]] was awarded the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]] in [[Medical Sciences]] in the year 2021 for his contributions to public health.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |website=ssbprize.gov.in|access-date=2023-09-25|title=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize (SSB) for Science and Technology 2021|url=https://ssbprize.gov.in/WriteReadData/LatestUpdates/202109260133259214500SSBPrize2021Website.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Awardee Details: Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize |url=https://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/Detail.aspx?AID=583 |access-date=2023-09-22 |website=ssbprize.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/turmeric-based-tech-to-kill-cancer-cells-gets-us-patent/articleshow/73236809.cms Turmeric-based tech to kill cancer cells gets US patent for Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences, Thiruvananthapuram]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{commons category|Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology}}<br /> * {{official website|http://www.sctimst.ac.in/}}<br /> <br /> {{Universities in Kerala}}<br /> {{Education in Kerala}}<br /> {{Scientific Research in Kerala |state=collapsed}}<br /> {{Health in Kerala |state=collapsed}}<br /> {{Department of Science and Technology (India)}}<br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute of Medical Sciences And Technology}}<br /> [[Category:Medical and health sciences universities in India]]<br /> [[Category:Medical research institutes in India]]<br /> [[Category:Research institutes in Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> [[Category:Medical colleges in Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> [[Category:Educational institutions established in 1973]]<br /> [[Category:Colleges affiliated with the Kerala University of Health Sciences]]<br /> [[Category:1973 establishments in Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Hospitals in Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> [[Category:Hospitals established in 1973]]<br /> [[Category:Research institutes established in 1973]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Somnath_Urban_Development_Authority&diff=536584 2026-05-04T04:02:43Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: started the entry more to come</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Urban development authority in Gujarat, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br /> {{Infobox government agency<br /> | name = Somnath Urban Development Authority<br /> | native_name = <br /> | type = [[Urban development]] authority<br /> | logo = <br /> | logo_caption = <br /> | jurisdiction = Government of Gujarat<br /> | headquarters = [[Veraval|Somnath]], [[Gujarat]], India<br /> | formed = 2025<br /> | parent_department = Urban Development and Urban Housing Department, [[Government of Gujarat]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Somnath Urban Development Authority''' (SUDA) is a statutory urban planning authority responsible for the planned development of the [[Veraval|Somnath]] urban region in the [[state of Gujarat]], India. The authority was constituted by the [[Government of Gujarat]] in 2025 to oversee urban, tourism, and infrastructure development in the region.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Notification regarding constitution of Somnath Urban Development Authority |url=https://egazette.gujarat.gov.in/ViewPdf2.aspx?cdbid=5bae8b0485f6fbf661da5f0f3adefc07&amp;contentType=application%2Fpdf&amp;docid=202508211351173514.pdf |publisher=Government of Gujarat |date=2025 |access-date=22 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> The Somnath Urban Development Authority was established in 2025 through a notification issued by the Government of Gujarat as part of efforts to strengthen planned urban development and manage increasing pilgrimage-driven growth in the Somnath region.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;/&gt; The creation of the authority is part of a broader trend in Gujarat of establishing dedicated urban development authorities for rapidly growing urban and pilgrimage centres.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Plan to develop pilgrimage sites in Gujarat |url=https://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/plan-to-develop-pilgrimage-sites/81890437.html |publisher=Ahmedabad Mirror |access-date=22 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Jurisdiction ==<br /> SUDA governs the Somnath urban region located in Gir Somnath district. The district was formed in 2013, with [[Veraval|Somnath]] serving as its administrative headquarters.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=About District |url=https://girsomnath.nic.in/ |publisher=Gir Somnath District Administration |access-date=22 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; The authority's jurisdiction includes: [[Veraval Municipal Council|Somnath Municipal Council]] and surrounding villages.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Somnath to be developed on lines of Kashi Vishwanath corridor |url=https://deshgujarat.com/2025/05/02/somnath-to-be-developed-on-lines-of-kashi-vishwanath-ujjain-mahakal-corridor/ |publisher=DeshGujarat |date=2 May 2025 |access-date=22 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Functions ==<br /> The authority performs statutory urban planning and development functions, including:<br /> * Preparation and implementation of development plans <br /> * Regulation of land use and zoning <br /> * Execution of town planning schemes <br /> * Development of urban infrastructure such as roads, water supply, and drainage systems<br /> <br /> SUDA is also involved in planning tourism-related infrastructure in the Somnath region, including development of areas surrounding major religious sites.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Significance ==<br /> The authority plays a role in facilitating planned urban expansion in the Somnath region, which is an important religious tourism destination in India. Its development initiatives are linked to broader state-level efforts to improve infrastructure and visitor facilities in major pilgrimage centres.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Urban Development Authority (India)]]<br /> * [[Somnath Temple]]<br /> * [[Veraval Municipal Council]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Urban development authorities in India]]<br /> [[Category:State agencies of Gujarat]]<br /> [[Category:Gir Somnath district]]<br /> [[Category:Veraval]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Udai_Bhan_Singh&diff=542269 2026-04-22T14:08:50Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: started the bio initial version</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Maharaj-Rana of Dholpur from 1911 to 1954}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox royalty<br /> | name =Udai Bhan Singh<br /> | succession = [[Dholpur State|Maharaj-Rana of Dholpur]]<br /> | image = Udaybhanu_Singh.jpg<br /> | reign = 29 March 1911 – 22 October 1954<br /> | coronation = 29 March 1911<br /> | predecessor = [[Rana Ram Singh|Ram Singh]]<br /> | successor = [[Hemant Singh]]<br /> | spouse = Malvender Kaur<br /> | issue = Urmila Devi<br /> | full name = Rais-ud-Daula Sipahdar-ul-Mulk Saramad-i-Rajah-i-Hind Maharajadhiraj Sri Sawai Maharaj-Rana Sir Udai Bhan Singh Lokendra Bahadur Diler Jang Jai Deo<br /> | house = Bamraulia Dynasty<br /> | father = [[Nihal Singh]]<br /> | mother = Harbans Kaur<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date|1893|2|12}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Dholpur]]<br /> | death_date = {{Death date and age|1954|10|22|1893|2|12}}<br /> | death_place = [[Dholpur]]<br /> | buried = <br /> | religion = [[Hinduism]]<br /> | investiture = 9 October 1913<br /> | module = {{Infobox person<br /> | embed = yes<br /> | education = {{plainlist|<br /> * [[Mayo College]]<br /> * [[Imperial Cadet Corps]]<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | embed = yes<br /> <br /> | 1blankname = Chief Minister<br /> | 1namedata = {{ubl|[[Shobha Ram Kumawat]]}}<br /> | office = [[Rajpramukh]] of [[United States of Matsya]]<br /> | term_start = 18 March 1948<br /> | term_end = 15 May 1949<br /> | predecessor = ''Office created''<br /> | successor = ''Position abolished''<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> [[Sir]] '''Udai Bhan Singh''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|GCIE|KCSI|KCVO}} ({{langx|hi|उदयभान सिंह}}; 12 February 1893 – 22 October 1954) was the [[Maharaja|Maharaj]]-[[Rana (title)|Rana]] of [[Dholpur state|Dholpur]] [[princely state]], located in present-day [[Dholpur district]] of [[Rajasthan]], from 1911 until his death in 1954.<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> [[File:Caricature of Udai Bhan Singh.png|alt=Caricature of Udai Bhan Singh by Emery Kelen|thumb|Caricature of Udai Bhan Singh by [[Emery Kelen]]]]<br /> Udai Bhan Singh was born on 12 February 1893 in Bamraulia [[Jats|Jat]] dynasty.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=The Imperial Publishing Co. |first=Lahore |url=http://archive.org/details/TwiK_his-imperial-majesty-king-george-5-and-the-princes-of-india-and-the-indian-empir |title=His Imperial Majesty King George 5 And The Princes Of India And The Indian Empire ( Historical Biographical) Compiled By K. R. Khosla, 1937, Lahore The Imperial Publishing Co., Lahore}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Not Available 1933&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Not Available |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.83776 |title=Who's Who Among Indian Princes And Chiefs |date=1933}}&lt;/ref&gt; He received his education at [[Mayo College]], Ajmer, where he successfully passed the Diploma examination and earned numerous prizes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Not Available 1933&quot;/&gt; He secured a prize for an essay on irrigation and a certificate from the Ambulance Society for First Aid to the Wounded.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/aclarch0000269a296 |title=ACL-ARCH 00269 Indian Princes And The Crown}}&lt;/ref&gt; He took a short course of training at the [[Imperial Cadet Corps]] in [[Dehradun]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.03014 |title=Imperial coronation durbar 1911 |date=1911 |publisher=The Imperial Publishing, Lahore}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Bhagat |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35762 |title=Annual Report On The Administration Of The Dholpur State For The Year Ending 30 September 1913 |date=1914}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reign ==<br /> He succeeded his elder brother, [[Ram Singh of Dholpur|Ram Singh]], as the Maharaj-Rana of [[Dholpur]], following his death on 29 March 1911.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Chisholm |first=Hugh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d0bOAAAAMAAJ&amp;dq=udai+bhan+delhi+durbar+1911&amp;pg=PA618 |title=The Britannica Year-book |date=1913 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Company |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Diwan Jarmani Dass |url=http://archive.org/details/maharaja-lives-and-loves-and-intrigues-of-indian-princes-diwan-jarmani-dass |title=Maharaja Lives And Loves And Intrigues Of Indian Princes Diwan Jarmani Dass}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Bhagat |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35758 |title=Annual Report On The Administration Of The Dholpur State For The Year Ending 30 September 1909 |date=1912}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Vadivelu |first=A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PeeRRf0EhnIC&amp;dq=udai+bhan+mayo+college+ajmer&amp;pg=PA180 |title=The Ruling Chiefs, Nobles &amp; Zamindars of India |date=1915 |publisher=G.C. Loganadham |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Khosla K. R. |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.1706 |title=The States Estates and Who's Who In India and Burma |date=1942 |publisher=The Imperial Publishing Co., Railway Road, Lahore}}&lt;/ref&gt; The administration of the state was entrusted to G.H. Anderson, who acted as the Superintendent of the State and Guardian to the Maharaj-Rana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Proposed payment of Rs. 315 by the Dholpur State to Captain G.H. Anderson, the state's superintendent and guardian of the Maharaj Rana, for the loss of passage money he suffered |url=http://indianculture.gov.in/archives/proposed-payment-rs-315-dholpur-state-captain-gh-anderson-states-superintendent-and |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=INDIAN CULTURE |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rp92JkMbiaIC&amp;dq=raised+to+17+guns+dholpur&amp;pg=PA102 |title=Memoranda on Native States in India, Together with a List of Independent Ruling Chiefs, Chiefs of Frontier States, and Other Notables with Their Proper Forms of Address |date=1911 |publisher=Superintendent Government Print., India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Manager Of Publications Delhi |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.275347 |title=Memoranda On The Indian States 1935}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was assisted by selected officials under the general direction of the Political Agent. From 1911 to 1913, Anderson presided over State Council meetings and directed the administration.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; He paid a short visit to Europe, from where he returned in September 1912.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; He was invested with full ruling powers on the 9 October 1913.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> His state, [[Dholpur State|Dholpur]], enjoyed a permanent [[Salute state|salute of 15 guns]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hunter |first=William Wilson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bnMTAAAAYAAJ&amp;dq=dholpur+15+guns&amp;pg=PA277 |title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India |date=1885 |publisher=Trübner &amp; Company |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hunter |first=William Wilson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q4kIAAAAQAAJ&amp;dq=dholpur+15+guns&amp;pg=PA150 |title=Dabha to Harduaganj |date=1881 |publisher=Trübner |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, on 1 January 1921, he was granted a [[Gun salute|salute]] of 17 guns as a personal distinction.&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=tarapada Das Ed |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.97087 |title=Nalanda Year-book And Who's Who In India And Pakistan |date=1949}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xacSAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=Granted+a+personal+salute+of+17-guns+dholpur |title=Indian and Pakistan Year Book and Who's who |date=1945 |publisher=Times of India Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Rathore |first=L. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EluAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=dholpur+15+guns |title=Maharaja Sadul Singh of Bikaner: A Biography of the Co-architect of India's Unity |date=2005 |publisher=Books Treasure |isbn=978-81-900422-0-8 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was a delegate to the [[Round Table Conferences (India)|Second Round Table Conference]] in [[London]] in 1931 and stayed at the [[The May Fair Hotel|May Fair Hotel]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Nijjar |first=Bakhshish Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4hdmdWR3XDoC&amp;dq=dholpur+chancellor+chamber+of+princes&amp;pg=PA79 |title=History of the United Panjab |date=1996 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers &amp; Dist |isbn=978-81-7156-536-8 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Dumasia |first=Naoroji M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mh8I2GAdFWEC&amp;dq=dholpur+Round+Table+Conference&amp;pg=PA351 |title=The Aga Khan and his Ancestors: A Biographical and Historical Sketch |publisher=Readworthy |isbn=978-93-5018-152-2 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Legg |first=Stephen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EdagEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=dholpur+Round+Table+Conference&amp;pg=PA224 |title=Round Table Conference Geographies: Constituting Colonial India in Interwar London |date=2023-05-11 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-009-21531-2 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ramusack |first=Barbara N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kz1-mtazYqEC&amp;dq=dholpur+Round+Table+Conference&amp;pg=PA256 |title=The Indian Princes and their States |date=2004-01-08 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-44908-3 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bhargava |first=R. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BAQgNE1uSEgC&amp;dq=dholpur+Delegate+to+the+Indian+Round+Table+Conference+in+London+1931&amp;pg=PA226 |title=The Chamber of Princes |date=1991 |publisher=Northern Book Centre |isbn=978-81-7211-005-5 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Singh challenged his cousin, [[Maharaja of Patiala|Maharaja]] [[Bhupinder Singh of Patiala|Bhupinder Singh]] of [[Patiala State|Patiala]], in the elections for the Chancellor of the [[Chamber of Princes]]; however, despite having the support of the [[British Raj]]'s political departments, including that of the [[Residencies of British India|British Residents]] in the Indian States, he lost to Bhupinder Singh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Dass |first=Jarmani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2yD5DwAAQBAJ |title=Maharaja |date=26 August 2020 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5349-783-5 |location=New Delhi |language=en |orig-date=1970}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 14 August 1947, he signed the [[Instrument of Accession]] and [[Standstill agreement (India)|Standstill Agreement]], through which he acceded his state to [[India]]. [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Louis Mountbatten]], in his capacity as [[Governor-General of India]], accordingly accepted it on 16 August 1947.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dholpur State- Instrument of Accession and Standstill Agreement signed between Lt. H.H. Rais-Daula Sipah-Darul-Malik Saramad Rajhai Hind, Maharajadhiraj Shri Swami Maharaja Rana Sir Udai Bhan Singhji Lokendra Bahadur Diler Jung Jai Deo, Ruler of Dholpur State and the Dominion of India |url=http://indianculture.gov.in/archives/dholpur-state-instrument-accession-and-standstill-agreement-signed-between-lt-hh-rais |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=INDIAN CULTURE |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Freemason ==<br /> Singh was a [[Freemasonry|Freemason]] and was installed in 1916 as Master of Holland Lodge No. 3554, Bharatpur, Mumbai, which had been consecrated on 6 January 1912 and was closed in 1927.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=RT. WBRO. THE HON'BLE GRORGE OWEN WILLIAM DUNN – District Grand Lodge of Bombay |url=https://dglbombay.in/rt-wbro-the-honble-grorge-owen-william-dunn/ |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=dglbombay.in |archive-date=27 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227230537/https://dglbombay.in/rt-wbro-the-honble-grorge-owen-william-dunn/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wpgwAQAAMAAJ&amp;dq=dholpur+freemason&amp;pg=PA618 |title=The Freemason and Masonic Illustrated. A Weekly Record of Progress in Freemasonry |date=1916 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Rajpramukh of Matsya Union ==<br /> {{Further|Rajpramukh|United States of Matsya|United State of Rajasthan}}<br /> When the [[United States of Matsya]] (Matsya Union) was formed on 18 March 1948 following the merger of [[Alwar]], [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]], [[Dholpur]], and [[Karauli]], he was appointed as its [[Rajpramukh]], a position he held from 18 March 1948 until 15 May 1949 when it was merged with Greater Rajasthan to form the [[United State of Rajasthan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mankekar |first=D. R. |url=http://archive.org/details/accessiontoextin0000mank |title=Accession to extinction : the story of Indian princes |date=1974 |publisher=Delhi : Vikas Pub. House |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-7069-0300-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kapoor |first=Gyan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NmSKAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=Rajpramukh+of+the+Matsya+Union+dholpur |title=The Chief Minister as Administrator |date=1992 |publisher=Arihant Publishers |isbn=978-81-7230-002-9 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Zubrzycki |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aYHgEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Rajpramukh+of+the+Matsya+Union+dholpur&amp;pg=PA209 |title=Dethroned: The Downfall of India's Princely States |date=February 2024 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-1-80526-053-0 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Karni |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=07sBAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=Rajpramukh+of+the+Matsya+Union+dholpur |title=The Relations of the House of Bikaner with the Central Powers, 1465-1949 |date=1974 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers |isbn=978-0-8364-0457-9 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Sabharwal |first=Gopa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LKySGJAGVEQC&amp;dq=Rajpramukh+of+the+Matsya+Union+dholpur&amp;pg=PA16 |title=India Since 1947: The Independent Years |date=2007 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-310274-8 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZmM7AQAAIAAJ&amp;dq=Rajpramukh+of+the+Matsya+Union+dholpur&amp;pg=PA493 |title=Indian Information Series |date=1948 |publisher=Bureau of the public information of the government of India. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Malhotra |first=G. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DFqbAAAAMAAJ&amp;dq=Rajpramukh+of+the+Matsya+Union+dholpur&amp;pg=PA741 |title=Cabinet Responsibility to Legislature: Motions of Confidence and No-confidence in Lok Sabha and State Legislatures |date=2004 |publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat |isbn=978-81-200-0400-9 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Experts |first=EduGorilla Prep |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wYnuDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Rajpramukh+of+the+Matsya+Union+dholpur&amp;pg=PA126 |title=Allahabad High Court RO / ARO / Computer Assistant Recruitment Exam {{!}} 2400+ Solved Questions (10 Mock Tests + 2 Previous Year Papers) |date=2022-08-03 |publisher=EduGorilla Community Pvt. Ltd. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Abhilekh Patal |url=https://www.abhilekh-patal.in/jspui/handle/123456789/2743877?searchWord=karauli&amp;backquery=%5Bquery=karauli&amp;originalquery=&amp;sort_by=dc.date.accessioned_dt&amp;order=desc&amp;rpp=100&amp;etal=0&amp;start=100%5D |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=www.abhilekh-patal.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Mayo College, Ajmer ==<br /> {{Further|Mayo College}}<br /> In 1928, Udai Bhan was a member of the General Council of [[Mayo College]], Ajmer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Wingate |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35150 |title=Report On The Mayo College Ajmer, Rajputana For 1927-28 |date=1928}}&lt;/ref&gt; During the years 1931-1932 and 1942–43, he held the office of President of the General Council of the college.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title= Rana Udai Ban Singh|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601000000*/https://mayoobs.com/About/president |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=web.archive.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MAYO COLLEGE GENERAL COUNCIL |url=http://mayocollegeboys.weebly.com/-mayo-college-general-council.html |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=Mayo College |language=en |archive-date=26 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226231326/http://mayocollegeboys.weebly.com/-mayo-college-general-council.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Wingate |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35149 |title=Report On The Mayo College Ajmer, Rajputana |date=1941}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1940–41, he served as vice-president.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Wingate |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35148 |title=Report On The Mayo College Ajmer, Rajputana For 1940-41 |date=1941}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Chamber of Princes ==<br /> {{Further|Chamber of Princes}}He served as the Pro-Chancellor of the [[Chamber of Princes]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1udCAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=dholpur+chancellor+chamber+of+princes |title=The Illustrated London News |date=October 1935 |publisher=William Little |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Copland |first=Ian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h0QKqCA-QHIC&amp;dq=dholpur+chancellor+chamber+of+princes&amp;pg=PA148 |title=The Princes of India in the Endgame of Empire, 1917-1947 |date=2002-05-16 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-89436-4 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Hunting ==<br /> On 20 November 1919, during a hunting event where 4,206 birds were killed by 50 guns, 401 of these fell to his gun.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bernard C. Ellison |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.208353 |title=The Prince of Wales's Sport In India |date=1925}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 8 December 1921, during [[Edward VIII]]'s tour of India, a duck shoot was organized at a reserve in Bharatpur.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt; During this event, the Maharaj-Rana managed to shoot down 210 ducks, the highest individual bag.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> According to [[Conrad Corfield]], he was the finest game shot in India.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Allen |first=Charles |url=http://archive.org/details/livesofindianpri0000alle |title=Lives of the Indian princes |date=1984 |publisher=London : Century Pub. in association with the Taj Hotel Group |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-7126-0910-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, he developed such a profound love for wildlife that he renounced the use of firearms altogether.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Forbes |first=Rosita |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.03063 |title=India of the Princes |date=1939 |publisher=John Gifford, London}}&lt;/ref&gt; He had the area around Kaiserbagh Palace in Dholpur made into a sanctuary and implemented numerous improvements in the existing Ram Sagar and Satakarai Sanctuaries.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=S Szafranski |url=http://archive.org/details/biostor-149785 |title=A Note on the Dholpur Wild Life Sanctuary, Rajasthan. with a Sketch Map and Two Plates |date=1953 |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; These improvements included constructing walls, establishing good roads, and blocking nullahs, among other enhancements.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;[[File:Chhatri Udaybhan Singh.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Chhatri]] of Maharaj-Rana Udai Bhan Singh at [[Dholpur]]|alt=Chhatri of Maharaj-Rana Udai Bhan Singh at Dholpur]]<br /> <br /> == Military ranks ==<br /> He was appointed as a [[Major (rank)|Major]] in the Army on 1 January 1921.&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Later, on 24 October 1921, he was promoted to the rank of [[Lieutenant colonel|Lieutenant-Colonel]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Family ==<br /> In June 1911, he married Malvender Kaur, the daughter of Sardar Shamsher Singh of Badrukhan in [[Jind State]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-07-31 |title=DHOLPUR |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/d/dholpur.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731010544/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/d/dholpur.html |archive-date=31 July 2018 |access-date=2024-02-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Bhagat |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35758 |title=Annual Report On The Administration Of The Dholpur State For The Year Ending 30 September 1909 |date=1912}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Not Available 1933&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VuY2AQAAMAAJ&amp;dq=Sardar+Shamsher+Singh,+of+Badrukhan&amp;pg=RA1-PP9 |title=Punjab District and State Gazetteers: B, Statistical tables, 1911-1926]. |date=1913 |publisher=Compiled and published by authority of the Punjab government |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He had a daughter named Urmila Devi, who, in 1943, married [[Pratap Singh Nabha|Pratap Singh]], the Maharaja of [[Nabha State]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Singh (OBE.) |first=Ranjit |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qfuDnpVlmlcC&amp;dq=nabha+dholpur+wedding&amp;pg=PA109 |title=Sikh Achievers |date=2008 |publisher=Hemkunt Press |isbn=978-81-7010-365-3 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As he had no male heir, following his demise, his widow adopted their daughter's son, [[Hemant Singh]], who succeeded him.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Scindia |first=Vijayoraje |url=http://archive.org/details/princessautobiog0000scin |title=Princess : the autobiography of the Dowager Maharani of Gwalior |date=1988 |publisher=London : Century |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-7126-1991-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kidwai |first=Rasheed |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZTcyEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=HEMANT+DHOLPUR&amp;pg=PT114 |title=The House of Scindias: A Saga of Power, Politics and Intrigue |date=2021-06-07 |publisher=Roli Books Private Limited |isbn=978-81-951248-8-6 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Scindia |first1=Vijaya R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sbNaTBhe5nUC&amp;dq=nihal+singh+udaibhan+dholpur&amp;pg=PA212 |title=The Last Maharani of Gwalior: An Autobiography |last2=Malgonkar |first2=Manohar |date=1987-09-01 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-88706-659-7 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Dholpur House ==<br /> The [[Dholpur House]] was<br /> constructed in 1920 by [[Maharaja|Maharaj]]-[[Rana (title)|Rana]] Udai bhan Singh. It was built for his transit<br /> residence whenever he was at Delhi. Dholpur House is located on [[Shahjahan Road]], near [[India Gate]]. It was built in the [[Art Deco]] style.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chauhan |first=Ekta |date=6 July 2023 |title=Delhi's every 'just another old building' could be an Art Deco gem |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/research/inspired-by-european-movement-art-deco-houses-remain-unknown-in-delhi-8543654/ |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=The Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Today, the building serves as the headquarters of the [[Union Public Service Commission]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Union Public Service Commission|url=http://upsc.gov.in/|website=upsc.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; The UPSC conducts interviews at Dholpur House to recruit candidates for the [[All India Services]] and [[Central Civil Services|Group A services]] for the [[Government of India]].<br /> [[File:Dholpur House.jpg|thumb|[[Dholpur House]]]]<br /> <br /> == Death ==<br /> He died on 22 October 1954 and was succeeded by his adopted grandson Hemant Singh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Titles, styles, and honours ==<br /> <br /> === Titles and styles ===<br /> [[Colonel]] [[Highness|His Highness]] Rais-ud-Daula Sipahdar-ul-Mulk [[Saramad-i-Rajha-i-Hindustan|Saramad-i-Rajah-i-Hind]] Maharajadhiraj Sri [[Sawai (title)|Sawai]] Maharaj-Rana Sir Udai Bhan Singh Lokendra Bahadur Diler Jang Jai Deo, Maharaj-Rana of [[Dholpur]], [[Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire|GCIE]], [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India|KCSI]], [[Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order|KCVO]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=InoHD0N_Jp0C&amp;dq=Maharaj-Rana+of+Dholpur,+GCIE,+KCSI,+KCVO.&amp;pg=RA7-PA2674 |title=A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Peerage and Baronetage, the Privy Council, Knightage, and Companionage |date=1934 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zVkKAAAAIAAJ&amp;dq=Maharaj-Rana+of+Dholpur,+GCIE,+KCSI,+KCVO.&amp;pg=RA1-PA242 |title=The India Office and Burma Office List |date=1928 |publisher=Harrison and sons, Limited |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K_YvAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=The+ruling+prince:+Rais+ud-Daula,+Sipahdar+ul-Mulk,+Saramad+Rajha-i-Hind,+Maharajadhiraj+Sri+Sawai+Maharaja+Rana+(personal+name)+Lokendra+Bahadur,+Diler+Jang,+Jai+Deo,+Maharaj+Rana+of+Dholpur,+with+the+style+of+His+Highness. |title=Encyclopaedia Indica: Princely States in colonial India |date=1996 |publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=978-81-7041-859-7 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Honours ===<br /> <br /> * {{Flag|British Raj}}:<br /> ** 1911: [[Delhi Durbar Medal (1911)|Delhi Durbar Gold Medal]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mauji |first=Purushottama Viṣrama |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.03015 |title=Imperial Durbar Album |date=1911 |publisher=Lakshmi Arts, Bombay}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * {{Flag|United Kingdom}}:<br /> ** 1 January 1918: Knight Commander of the [[Order of the Star of India]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zVkKAAAAIAAJ&amp;dq=1918+KCSI+Dholpur&amp;pg=RA1-PA189 |title=The India Office and Burma Office List |date=1928 |publisher=Harrison and sons, Limited |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ** 17 March 1922: Knight Commander of the [[Royal Victorian Order]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt;<br /> ** 1931: Knight Grand Commander of the [[Order of the Indian Empire]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt;<br /> ** 1935: [[King George V Silver Jubilee Medal]]<br /> ** 1937: [[King George VI Coronation Medal]]<br /> * {{Flag|India}}:<br /> ** 1947: [[Indian Independence Medal]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ODM of India: Indian Independence Medal 1947 |url=https://medals.org.uk/india/india022.htm |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=medals.org.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{s-start}}<br /> {{s-hou|[[Bamraulia Dynasty]]|12 February|1893|22 October|1954}}<br /> <br /> {{s-bef<br /> | before = [[Rana Ram Singh|Ram Singh]]<br /> }}<br /> {{s-ttl<br /> | title = [[Dholpur|Maharaj-Rana of Dholpur]]<br /> | years = 1911-1954<br /> }}<br /> {{s-aft<br /> | after = [[Hemant Singh]]<br /> }}<br /> {{s-end}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Rana Udaybhanu}}<br /> [[Category:Rulers of Dholpur state]]<br /> [[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]<br /> [[Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]<br /> [[Category:Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order]]<br /> [[Category:1893 births]]<br /> [[Category:1954 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order]]<br /> [[Category:British Indian Army personnel]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian royalty]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nagmani_Kushwaha&diff=519952 2026-04-20T05:28:26Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: Started some pg from scratch</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | honorific_prefix =<br /> | name = Nagmani<br /> | birth_name = Nagmani Kushwaha<br /> | image = File:Nagmani Kushwaha.jpg<br /> | caption = <br /> | office = Minister of Agriculture [[Government of Bihar]]<br /> | term_start = 13 April 2008<br /> | term_end = 26 November 2010<br /> | predecessor = Narendra Singh<br /> | successor = Narendra Singh<br /> | office1 = [[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment|Minister of State for Social Justice &amp; Empowerment]]<br /> | term_start1 = 13 October 1999<br /> | term_end1 = 22 May 2004<br /> | prime_minister1 = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]<br /> | minister1 = [[Maneka Gandhi]]&lt;br&gt;[[Satyanarayan Jatiya]]<br /> | office2 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]<br /> | term_start2 = 6 October 1999<br /> | term_end2 = 13 May 2004<br /> | constituency2 = [[Chatra Lok Sabha constituency|Chatra]]<br /> | predecessor2 = [[Dhirendra Agarwal]]<br /> | successor2 = [[Dhirendra Agarwal]]<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1953|01|15|df=yes}}<br /> | birth_place = Kurhari, [[Jahanabad district]], [[Bihar]]<br /> | party = [[Bhartiya Janta Party]] (2025–present) &lt;br/&gt; [[Shoshit Samaj Dal]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Indian National Congress]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Janata Dal]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Rashtriya Janata Dal (Democratic)]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Lok Janshakti Party]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Janata Dal (United)]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Nationalist Congress Party]] &lt;br /&gt; [[All Jharkhand Students Union]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Samras Samaj Party]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party]] &lt;br /&gt; ...<br /> | spouse = [[Suchitra Sinha]]<br /> | children = <br /> | father = [[Jagdeo Prasad]]<br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> | date = <br /> | year = <br /> | source = <br /> }}<br /> '''Nagmani Kushwaha ''' (born 15 January 1953) is an Indian politician from [[Bihar]] and [[Jharkhand]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/this-nagmani-is-very-funny/articleshow/6534460.cms|title=This Nagmani is very funny|website=Times of India|accessdate=15 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is the son of another Bihar politician and Social Reformer[[Jagdeo Prasad]], in whose party Shoshit Samaj Dal, Nagmani started his career. He has served as an MLA for Kurtha as well as an MP for [[Chatra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chatra]]. Nagmani is known for the frequency with which he changes parties - As of 2014, he had changed political affiliations 11 times.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jansatta.com/rajya/bihar-assembly-election-2020-top-5-leader-who-change-many-parties-defection-law-nagmani-jitanram-manjhi-pappu-yadav-ramai-ram/1501903/|title=बिहार के बड़े पलटीमार: जीतनराम 5 तो नागमणि 11 बार कर चुके हैं दल-बदल|website=Jansatta|editor=नितिन गौतम|accessdate=23 June 2022|archive-date=24 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624164209/https://www.jansatta.com/rajya/bihar-assembly-election-2020-top-5-leader-who-change-many-parties-defection-law-nagmani-jitanram-manjhi-pappu-yadav-ramai-ram/1501903/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He announced the formation of Rashtriya Shoshit Samaj Party on 13 September 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-09-30 |title=पूर्व केंद्रीय मंत्री नागमणि ने किया 'राष्ट्रीय शोषित समाज दल' पार्टी का गठन, 2024 में लड़ेंगे चुनाव |url=https://dtvbharat.com/2021/09/30/former-union-minister-nagmani-formed-rashtriya-shoshit-samaj-dal-party-will-contest-elections-in-2024/ |access-date=2022-04-13 |website=Dtv Bharat |language=en-US |archive-date=26 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826163911/https://dtvbharat.com/2021/09/30/former-union-minister-nagmani-formed-rashtriya-shoshit-samaj-dal-party-will-contest-elections-in-2024/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=राष्ट्रीय शोषित समाज पार्टी ने विशाल कार्यकर्ता सम्मेलन का किया आयोजन |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/uttar-pradesh/state/mathura/rashtriya-shoshit-samaj-party-organized-workers-conference-in-mathura/up20210316210701915 |access-date=2022-04-13 |website=www.etvbharat.com |archive-date=13 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413084958/https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/uttar-pradesh/state/mathura/rashtriya-shoshit-samaj-party-organized-workers-conference-in-mathura/up20210316210701915 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=बिहार में नागमणि ने बनाई राष्ट्रीय शोषित समाज पार्टी, मुस्लिम और कोइरी CM के साथ 5 डेप्युटी CM बनाने का एजेंडा |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/bihar/patna/nagmani-formed-rashtriya-soshit-party-in-bihar-agenda-to-make-5-deputy-cms-with-muslim-and-koeri-cm/articleshow/86672714.cms |access-date=2022-04-13 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi |archive-date=1 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001053326/https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/bihar/patna/nagmani-formed-rashtriya-soshit-party-in-bihar-agenda-to-make-5-deputy-cms-with-muslim-and-koeri-cm/articleshow/86672714.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Political career ==<br /> <br /> In 2001, he broke away from the [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] to form [[Rashtriya Janata Dal (Democratic)]] and was made Minister of State for Social Justice &amp; Empowerment in the [[Third Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee government]]. He later merged [[Rashtriya Janata Dal (Democratic)]] with the [[Bhartiya Janata Party]]. Post [[Bhartiya Janata Party]] lost power in the center, Nagmani joined [[Ram Vilas Paswan]]'s [[Lok Janshakti Party]] before switch over to the [[Janata Dal (United)]]. His wife made a minister in the [[Nitish Kumar]] government and he was elected in the [[Bihar Legislative Council]]. Then he joined [[Nationalist Congress Party]] but left ahead of the [[2014 Lok Sabha elections]] and joined [[All Jharkhand Students Union]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Bihar-Nagmani-a-record-holder-in-political-somersaults/articleshow/31641122.cms|title=Bihar: Nagmani a 'record holder' in political somersaults|date=8 March 2014|author=Abdul Qadiri|publisher=Times of India|access-date=9 March 2018|archive-date=29 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729153056/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Bihar-Nagmani-a-record-holder-in-political-somersaults/articleshow/31641122.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/jd-u-targets-nagmani-eyes-chatra/cid/769273 |title=JD(U) targets Nagmani, eyes Chatra |access-date=7 April 2020 |archive-date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407110042/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/jd-u-targets-nagmani-eyes-chatra/cid/769273 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Former-Union-minister-joins-All-Jharkhand-Students-Union/articleshow/32144023.cms |title=Former Union minister joins All Jharkhand Students Union |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=7 April 2020 |archive-date=26 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826163900/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Former-Union-minister-joins-All-Jharkhand-Students-Union/articleshow/32144023.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2015, he formed [[Samras Samaj Party]] announced the formation of a third front known as the Socialist Secular Morcha an alliance of six parties SP, [[Nationalist Congress Party]], [[Jan Adhikar Party]], Samras Samaj Party, ([[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]]) and [[Samajwadi Janata Party]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/samajwadi-party-teams-up-with-pappu-yadav-ncp-3-others-to-form-third-front/articleshow/49028112.cms|title=Samajwadi Party teams up with Pappu Yadav, NCP, 3 others to form third front|work=timesofindia-economictimes|access-date=7 April 2020|archive-date=20 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420173904/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/samajwadi-party-teams-up-with-pappu-yadav-ncp-3-others-to-form-third-front/articleshow/49028112.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/india/20170729/3157831.html|title=Samras Samaj Party merges into RLSP|website=news.webindia123.com|access-date=2019-02-05|archive-date=7 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407110042/https://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/india/20170729/3157831.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/bihar-elections-2015/news/Nagmanis-party-too-quits-Third-Front-to-back-Lalu-Nitish/articleshow/49516967.cms|title=Nagmani's party too quits Third Front, to back Lalu-Nitish - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2019-02-05|archive-date=25 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425065310/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/bihar-elections-2015/news/Nagmanis-party-too-quits-Third-Front-to-back-Lalu-Nitish/articleshow/49516967.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2017, Nagmanai joined [[Upendra Kushwaha]]'s [[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party]] by merging his party and calling Kushwaha to be next [[Chief Minister of Bihar]]. He was named National Executive President of [[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party]] but was sacked for allegedly indulging in anti-party activities in 2019. He resigned from the party.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/nagmani-resigns-accuses-kushwaha-of-selling-party-tickets-119021000521_1.html |title=Nagmani resigns, accuses Kushwaha of &quot;selling&quot; party tickets |access-date=7 April 2020 |archive-date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407112323/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/nagmani-resigns-accuses-kushwaha-of-selling-party-tickets-119021000521_1.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/rlsp-removes-nagmani-from-national-working-president-post-119020801281_1.html |title=RLSP removes Nagmani from national working president post |access-date=7 April 2020 |archive-date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407110816/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/rlsp-removes-nagmani-from-national-working-president-post-119020801281_1.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Following which he joined the [[Janata Dal (United)]] but quit six months later.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/ex-union-minister-nagmani-quits-nitish-kumars-jdu/1741175/|title=Ex-Union minister Nagmani quits Nitish Kumar's JD(U)|last=|first=|date=2019-10-20|website=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-25|archive-date=24 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924000828/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/ex-union-minister-nagmani-quits-nitish-kumars-jdu/1741175/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Nagmani Kushwaha}}<br /> [[Category:1953 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Lok Sabha members from Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:Members of the Cabinet of India]]<br /> [[Category:Bihar MLAs 1977–1980]]<br /> [[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Lok Janshakti Party politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Janata Dal politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Janata Dal (United) politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Jharkhand]]<br /> [[Category:Samras Samaj Party politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Nationalist Congress Party politicians from Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:All Jharkhand Students Union politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Jharkhand politicians by Rashtriya Janata Dal]]<br /> [[Category:Bihar MLAs 1985–1990]]<br /> [[Category:State cabinet ministers of Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:Agriculture ministers of Bihar]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tambaram%E2%80%93Jasidih_Weekly_Superfast_Express&diff=539427 2026-04-20T03:39:03Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: started some post w/ refs</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Passenger train in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}<br /> {{italic title}}<br /> {{Infobox rail service<br /> | name = Tambaram–Jasidih Weekly Superfast Express<br /> | logo = <br /> | image = Jasidih Tambaram Express at Madhupur Junction.jpg<br /> | caption = Jasidih-Tambaram Weekly SF Express at Madhupur Junction<br /> | type = [[Express trains in India|Superfast]]<br /> | locale = <br /> | first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2012|08|04}}<br /> | last = <br /> | operator = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railways]]<br /> | ridership = <br /> | start = {{stnlnk|Tambaram}} (TBM)<br /> | stops = 28<br /> | end = [[Jasidih Junction]]<br /> ('''JSME''')<br /> | distance = {{convert|1872|km|0|abbr=on}}<br /> | journeytime = 34 hours 45 minutes<br /> | frequency = Weekly<br /> | class = AC 2 Tier, AC 3 Tier, Sleeper Class, General Unreserved<br /> | seating = Yes<br /> | sleeping = Yes<br /> | autorack = <br /> | catering = Pantry car&lt;br&gt;On-board catering and e-catering<br /> | observation = <br /> | entertainment = <br /> | baggage = Below the Seats<br /> | otherfacilities = <br /> | stock = [[LHB coach]]<br /> | gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm}}<br /> | el = <br /> | trainnumber = 12375/12376<br /> | speed = {{cvt|58|km/h}}<br /> | map_state = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> The 12375/12376 '''Tambaram–Jasidih Junction Ratna Weekly Superfast Express''' (formerly '''Chennai Central–Asansol Ratna Express''') is an [[Express trains in India|express]] train of the Indian Railways connecting [[Chennai]] {{stnlnk|Tambaram}} in [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Jasidih Junction]] in [[Jharkhand]]. It is currently being operated with 12375/12376 train numbers on a weekly basis.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.eastcoastrail.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&amp;dcd=2352&amp;id=0,4,268 DERAILMENT OF 18448 JAGDALPUR-JUNAGARH ROAD-BHUBANESWAR HIRAKHAND EXPRESS]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.financialexpress.com/economy/cabinet-nod-for-indian-railways-infra-projects-worth-rs-10736-cr/265745/ Cabinet nod for Indian Railways infra projects worth Rs 10,736 cr]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/Railways-deploy-special-buses-for-stranded-passengers/article17079644.ece Railways deploy special buses for stranded passengers]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Service==<br /> <br /> The 12375/Tambaram–Jasidih Junction Ratna Weekly Express has an average speed of 56&amp;nbsp;km/h and covers 1872&amp;nbsp;km in 33 hrs 25 mins. 12376/Jasidih Junction–Tambaram Ratna Weekly Express has an average speed of 54&amp;nbsp;km/h and covers 1872&amp;nbsp;km in 34 hrs 45 mins.<br /> <br /> == Route and halts ==<br /> <br /> The important halts of the train are:<br /> <br /> * {{stnlnk|Tambaram}}<br /> * [[Chennai Egmore]]<br /> * {{stnlnk|Vijayawada Junction}}<br /> * [[Eluru]]<br /> * {{stnlnk|Visakhapatnam Junction}}<br /> * {{stnlnk|Vizianagaram Junction}}<br /> * {{stnlnk|Rayagada}}<br /> * {{stnlnk|Titlagarh Junction}}<br /> * {{stnlnk|Sambalpur Junction}}<br /> * {{stnlnk|Jharsuguda Junction}}<br /> * {{stnlnk|Rourkela Junction}}<br /> * {{stnlnk|Chakradharpur}}<br /> *{{stnlnk|Joychandi Pahar}} ([[Adra Junction railway station|Adra]] alternative)<br /> *[[Asansol Junction]]<br /> *[[Chittaranjan railway station|Chittaranjan]]<br /> *[[Madhupur Junction railway station|Madhupur Junction]]<br /> * [[Jasidih Junction railway station|Jasidih Junction]]<br /> <br /> ==Coach composition==<br /> <br /> The train has newly manufacturef LHB rakes with max speed of 110 kmph. The train consists of 22 coaches :<br /> <br /> * 1 AC II Tier<br /> * 6 AC III Tier<br /> * 10 Sleeper Coaches<br /> * 2 General Unreserved<br /> * 1 Pantry Car<br /> * 2 End On Generator Cars (EOG)<br /> <br /> == Traction==<br /> <br /> Both trains are hauled by an [[Electric Loco Shed, Erode|Erode]] shed-based [[WAP-4]] electric locomotive from [[Tambaram]] to [[Visakhapatnam]], from [[Visakhapatnam]] it is hauled by a [[Tatanagar]] shed based [[WAP-7]] locomotive up to [[Asansol]] and from [[Asansol]] to [[Jasidih]] by a [[Howrah]] shed based [[WAP-7]] locomotive and vice versa.<br /> <br /> ==Direction reversal==<br /> <br /> The train reverses its direction 1 times:<br /> <br /> * {{stnlnk|Visakhapatnam Junction}}<br /> * [[Asansol Junction]]<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[Tambaram railway station]]<br /> * [[Jasidih Junction railway station]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> <br /> * [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/18606 12375/Chennai Central – Asansol (Ratna) SF Express ]<br /> * [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/asansol-chennai-central-ratna-sf-express-12376/18604/7/35 12376/Asansol – Chennai Central (Ratna) SF Express]<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Tambaram-Jasidih Ratna Express}}<br /> [[Category:Transport in Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:Transport in Asansol]]<br /> [[Category:Express trains in India]]<br /> [[Category:Rail transport in Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Rail transport in Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Rail transport in Odisha]]<br /> [[Category:Rail transport in Jharkhand]]<br /> [[Category:Rail transport in West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:Railway services introduced in 2012]]<br /> [[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nayana_Motamma&diff=521381 2026-04-19T20:50:38Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: Started initial entry needs work - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Nayana Motamma<br /> | image =<br /> | birth_date =<br /> | birth_place = <br /> | office = Member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | term_start = 2023<br /> | term_end = <br /> | predecessor = M. P. Kumaraswamy<br /> | successor = <br /> | constituency = [[Mudigere Assembly constituency|Mudigere]]<br /> | spouse = <br /> | chief minister =<br /> | party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Nayana Motamma,''' née Jhawar, (1980) is an Indian politician from [[Karnataka]]. She is a member of the [[Indian National Congress]]. She became a member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly of Karnataka]] from [[Mudigere Assembly constituency]] which is reserved for SC community in [[Chikmagalur district]] in the [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/karnataka-assembly/10-women-candidates-emerge-victorious/article66847285.ece|title=10 women candidates emerge victorious|first=Jahnavi|last=T.R|newspaper=The Hindu |date=13 May 2023|via=www.thehindu.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/chikmagalur-election-result-2023-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-result-winner-loser-name-bjp-congress-jds-karnataka-assembly-election-result-1601843|title=Mudigere Election Result 2023 Live: Inc Candidate Nayana Motamma Wins From Mudigere|date=13 May 2023|website=news.abplive.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Mudigere&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=13 May 2023 |title=Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Mudigere |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS10124.htm?ac=124 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250508113238/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS10124.htm?ac=124 |archive-date=8 May 2025 |access-date=8 May 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Motamma is from [[Mudigere]], Chikmagalur district. She belongs to [[Dalit]] community. She completed her graduate in law in 2003 at [[National Law School of India University]]. Bangalore. Later, she did her LLM in 2004 at University of Pennsylvania, US. She worked as a corporate lawyer at Luthra &amp; Luthra&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/karnataka-election-results-nlsiu-alumna-former-luthra-lawyer-nayana-motamma-wins-mudigere|title=Karnataka Election Results: NLSIU alumna and former Luthra lawyer Nayana Motamma wins from Mudigere|first=Bar &amp;|last=Bench|website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news|date=14 May 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-05-23 |title=&quot;Took up law because I eventually wanted to get into politics&quot;: An interview with debutante Karnataka MLA, former corporate lawyer and NLSIU–UPenn alumna Nayana Motamma – The Leaflet |url=https://theleaflet.in/took-up-law-because-i-eventually-wanted-to-get-into-politics-an-interview-with-debutante-karnataka-mla-former-corporate-lawyer-and-nlsiu-upenn-alumna-nayana-motamma/ |access-date= |website=theleaflet.in |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; and with ICICI. She has been an entrepreneur. She married Bikash Jhawar, also an advocate.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nayana Motamma(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- MUDIGERE (SC)(CHIKMAGALUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/Karnataka2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=7580 |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=www.myneta.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; They have a daughter, Aarya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ramani |first=Priya |date=2023-06-22 |title=Nayana Motamma: why this first-time Dalit MLA switched from corporate law to politics |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/nayana-motamma-why-this-first-time-dalit-mla-switched-from-corporate-law-to-politics/article66985216.ece |access-date=2024-07-02 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Before she was elected as an MLA, she was a practicing lawyer at the High Court of Karnataka. She played basketball at college level. Her mother [[Motamma]], was a Minister of Women and Child Welfare in Karnataka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NLSIU Alumna Ms. Nayana Motamma Wins Legislative Assembly Seat in Karnataka Elections 2023! |url=https://www.nls.ac.in/news-events/nlsiu-alumna-ms-nayana-motamma-wins-legislative-assembly-seat-in-karnataka-elections-2023/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=National Law School of India University |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Motamma is a first time MLA. She shifted from her profession as a corporate lawyer to enter politics and to avenge the defeat of her mother by BJP.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; She won the [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Mudigere Assembly constituency]] representing [[Indian National Congress]]. She polled 50,843 votes and defeated her nearest rival, Deepak Doddaiah of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] by a narrow margin of 722 votes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nayana Motamma in Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/karnataka/nayana-motamma-mudigere-candidate-s10a124c004/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She has no cases against her and she declared assets worth Rs.10.7 crore in her affidavit to Election Commission of India. &quot;Politics has been a great channel for me to own my identity (as Dalit) and to be able to wear it on my sleeve. Politics made me take a lot of pride in my identity,&quot; she told a popular Indian news outlet, The Wire.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='Politics Made Me Take a Lot of Pride in My Identity': New Karnataka MLA Nayana Motamma |url=https://thewire.in/politics/politics-made-me-take-a-lot-of-pride-in-my-identity-new-karnataka-mla-nayana-motamma |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=The Wire |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Motamma, Nayana}}<br /> [[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2023–2028]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:People from Chikmagalur district]]<br /> [[Category:Women members of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]<br /> [[Category:1980 births]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chakung_Assembly_constituency&diff=493186 2026-04-19T20:22:51Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: Pg!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Sikkim legislative assembly in India}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Chakung<br /> | type= SLA<br /> | state = Sikkim<br /> | established = 1979<br /> | abolished = 2008&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://lddashboard.legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/03_representation%20of%20the%20people%20act%2C%201950.pdf|access-date=19 February 2024|archive-date=19 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219182705/https://lddashboard.legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/03_representation%20of%20the%20people%20act%2C%201950.pdf|title=THE REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1950}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | electors = 8,435<br /> | mla = [[Prem Singh Tamang]]<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Sikkim Democratic Front}}<br /> | constituency_no =<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2004 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2004]]<br /> | district =<br /> | loksabha_cons =<br /> | reservation =<br /> }}<br /> '''Chakung''' was an assembly constituency in the [[India|Indian]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Sikkim]].<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Election<br /> ! Member<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1979 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|1979]] || Bhim Bahadur Gurung || {{Full party name with color|Sikkim Congress (Revolutionary)}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1985 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || rowspan=2 | Tara Man Rai || {{Full party name with color|Sikkim Sangram Parishad|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1989 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|1989]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1994 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || rowspan=3 | [[Prem Singh Tamang]] || {{Full party name with color|Sikkim Democratic Front|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1999 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|1999]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2004 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2004]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> === Assembly election 2004 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2004 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Chakung&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Sikkim |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_SK_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006151710/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_SK_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Prem Singh Tamang]] |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=6,702 |percentage=94.42% |change={{increase}}36.48 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satish Mohan Pradhan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=201 |percentage=2.83% |change={{increase}}0.03 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kul Man Mukhia |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=144 |percentage=2.03% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Phur Tshering Lepcha |party=Independent politician |votes=51 |percentage=0.72% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,501 |percentage=91.59% |change= {{increase}}72.90 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=7,098 |percentage=84.15% |change= {{increase}}2.42 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,435 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.83 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Sikkim Democratic Front |loser=Sikkim Democratic Front |swing= {{increase}}36.48 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly election 1999 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1999 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Chakung&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Sikkim |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-SK99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007144437/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-SK99.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Prem Singh Tamang]] |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=3,572 |percentage=57.94% |change={{decrease}}1.54 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tika Gurung |party=Sikkim Sangram Parishad |votes=2,420 |percentage=39.25% |change={{increase}}8.10 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tara Man Rai |party=Indian National Congress |votes=173 |percentage=2.81% |change={{decrease}}6.28 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,152 |percentage=18.69% |change= {{decrease}}9.64 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=6,165 |percentage=83.73% |change= {{decrease}}0.65 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,543 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.62 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Sikkim Democratic Front |loser=Sikkim Democratic Front |swing= {{decrease}}1.54 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly election 1994 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1994 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Chakung&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Sikkim |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-SK94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007184813/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-SK94.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Prem Singh Tamang]] |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=3,372 |percentage=59.48% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tika Gurung |party=Sikkim Sangram Parishad |votes=1,766 |percentage=31.15% |change={{decrease}}52.12 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prem Prakash Gurung |party=Indian National Congress |votes=515 |percentage=9.08% |change={{increase}}6.57 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,606 |percentage=28.33% |change= {{decrease}}42.91 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=5,669 |percentage=84.39% |change= {{increase}}14.76 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,881 |ref = |change= }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Sikkim Democratic Front |loser=Sikkim Sangram Parishad |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly election 1989 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Chakung&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Sikkim |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatREp_SK_89.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006145759/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatREp_SK_89.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Tara Man Rai |party=Sikkim Sangram Parishad |votes=3,804 |percentage=83.27% |change={{increase}}26.10 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rastaman Rai |party=Independent politician |votes=550 |percentage=12.04% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chakra Bahadur Gurung |party=Indian National Congress |votes=115 |percentage=2.52% |change={{decrease}}34.98 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vinod Kumar Dungmali |party=Rising Sun Party |votes=85 |percentage=1.86% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,254 |percentage=71.23% |change= {{increase}}51.56 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=4,568 |percentage=70.32% |change= {{increase}}1.33 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,755 |ref = |change= }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Sikkim Sangram Parishad |loser=Sikkim Sangram Parishad |swing= {{increase}}26.10 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly election 1985 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Chakung&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Sikkim |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Sikkim.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006223633/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Sikkim.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Tara Man Rai |party=Sikkim Sangram Parishad |votes=1,944 |percentage=57.18% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhim Bahadur Gurung |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,275 |percentage=37.50% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kul Man Mukhia |party=Independent politician |votes=113 |percentage=3.32% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Phur Tshering Lepcha |party=Independent politician |votes=52 |percentage=1.53% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=669 |percentage=19.68% |change= {{decrease}}30.53 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=3,400 |percentage=68.02% |change= {{decrease}}3.36 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 5,129 |ref = |change= {{increase}}46.17 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Sikkim Sangram Parishad |loser=Sikkim Congress (Revolutionary) |swing= {{decrease}}8.49 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly election 1979 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1979 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Chakung&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1979 to the Legislative Assembly of Sikkim |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1979/Statistical%20Report%201979%20Sikkim.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006104054/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1979/Statistical%20Report%201979%20Sikkim.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhim Bahadur Gurung |party=Sikkim Congress (Revolutionary) |votes=1,605 |percentage=65.67% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kul Man Mukhia |party=Sikkim Janata Parishad |votes=378 |percentage=15.47% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rastaman Rai |party=Janata Party |votes=242 |percentage=9.90% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tika Gurung |party=Sikkim Prajatantra Congress |votes=157 |percentage=6.42% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pratap Singh Rai |party=Independent politician |votes=51 |percentage=2.09% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,227 |percentage=50.20% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=2,444 |percentage=72.41% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,509 |ref = |change= }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Sikkim Congress (Revolutionary) |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Sikkim}}<br /> {{coords|27.15|88.24|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Sikkim]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Sikkim]]<br /> [[Category:1979 establishments in Sikkim]]<br /> [[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]<br /> [[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1979]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gudivada_Gurunadha_Rao&diff=501270 2026-04-19T10:30:56Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: New!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician (1955–2001)}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Gudivada Gurunadha Rao<br /> | birth_name =<br /> | caption = <br /> | image = <br /> | birth_date = 4 May 1955<br /> | birth_place = [[Mindi]], [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> | death_date = {{Death date and age|2001|11|22|1955|05|04}}<br /> | death_place = [[Hyderabad]]<br /> | office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]<br /> | constituency = [[Anakapalli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anakapalli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Parliament of India, Lok Sabha 2020&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Members : Lok Sabha | website=Parliament of India, Lok Sabha | date=2020-02-25 | url=https://loksabha.nic.in/Members/statedetailar.aspx?state_name=Andhra+Pradesh&amp;lsno=12 | access-date=2020-02-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | term_start = 10 March 1998<br /> | term_end = 26 April 1999<br /> | predecessor = [[Ayyanna Patrudu Chintakayala]]<br /> | successor = [[Ganta Srinivasa Rao]]<br /> | office1 = [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of Legislative Assembly &lt;br&gt; Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> | constituency1 = [[Pendurthi (Assembly constituency)|Pendurthi]]<br /> | term1 = 1989-1994<br /> | predecessor1 = Alla Ramachandra Rao<br /> | successor1 = M. Anjaneyulu l<br /> | office2 = <br /> | constituency2 = <br /> | term_start2 = <br /> | predecessor2 = <br /> | successor2 = <br /> | party = [[Indian National Congress]]&lt;ref name=&quot;LatestLY 2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title= Gurunadha Rao Gudivada, Anakapalli Lok Sabha Elections 1998 in India LIVE Results - Latest News, Articles &amp; Statistics | website=LatestLY | date=2018-01-15 | url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/loksabha-elections/1998/andhra-pradesh/anakapalli/gurunadha-rao-gudivada/ | access-date=2020-02-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | other_party = <br /> | spouse = Gudivada Nagarani<br /> | children = 2, including [[Gudivada Amarnath]]<br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> | date = <br /> | year = <br /> | source = <br /> }}<br /> '''Gudivada Gurunadha Rao''' (4 May 1955 {{endash}} 22 November 2001) was an Indian politician and [[Activism|social activist]] who belonged to [[Indian National Congress]]. He was the [[Member of parliament]] who represented [[Anakapalli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anakapalli Lok Sabha]] constituency of [[Andhra Pradesh]] from 1998 to 1999 and [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] member from 1989 to 1994.&lt;ref name=&quot;Indian Kanoon&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=References Made To The Passing Away Of Shri Gudivada Gurunadha Rao, ... on 18 December, 2001 | website=Indian Kanoon | url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1893461/ | access-date=2020-02-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Life and background==<br /> Rao was born on 4 May 1955 in [[Mindi]] village of [[Visakhapatnam]] city of Andhra Pradesh. He was a political and social worker. During his education span, he passed [[Secondary education|secondary examination]] from a nearby school and then moved to ''Hindustan Shipyard Degree'' College, [[Visakhapatnam]] for further studies. He was actively participating in events and was organising the events for school children.&lt;ref name=&quot;Indian Kanoon&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career ==<br /> Rao has served as the Legislative Assembly member for Andhra Pradesh from 1989 to 1994 and minister of ''Technical Education'' from 1994 to 1998 in the state of Andhra Pradesh which was his hometown. In 1998, he was elected the member of parliament during the [[12th Lok Sabha|12th General elections]] of India. It was 1998 when he served as a member at ''Committee on Commerce'', ''Consultative Committee'', and minister of ''Science and Technology'' till 1998.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/3903.htm |title=Rao, Shri Gudivada Gurunadha - Lok Sabha}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> Rao was born to Gudivada Appanna and at the age of 25, he married Nagamani&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=8 March 2014|title=Gudiwada Nagamani, son quit TDP|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/gudiwada-nagamani-son-quit-tdp/articleshow/31638923.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921180535/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/Gudiwada-Nagamani-son-quit-TDP/articleshow/31638923.cms|archive-date=21 September 2020|access-date=23 January 2022|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; on 23 August 1981. He had one daughter and one son.&lt;ref name=&quot;ENTRANCEINDIA 2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Shri Gudivada Gurunadha Rao MP biodata Anakapalli | website=ENTRANCEINDIA | date=2018-12-28 | url=https://entranceindia.com/election-and-politics/shri-gudivada-gurunadha-rao-member-of-parliament-mp-from-anakapalli-andhra-pradesh-biodata/ | access-date=2020-02-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Unreliable source?|date=January 2022}} His wife is a politician.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; His son, [[Gudivada Amarnath]], is also a politician and is elected as the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] from [[Anakapalle (Assembly constituency)|Anakapalle Assembly constituency]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Sarma|first=G. V. Prasada|date=31 March 2017|title='Padayatra' for rail zone launched|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/padayatra-for-rail-zone-launched/article17749001.ece|url-status=live|access-date=23 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112023632/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/padayatra-for-rail-zone-launched/article17749001.ece|archive-date=12 November 2020|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=8 January 2022|title=Sankar Foundation launches vision centre at Anakapalle|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/sankar-foundation-launches-vision-centre-at-anakapalle/article38180975.ece|url-status=live|access-date=23 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123171617/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/sankar-foundation-launches-vision-centre-at-anakapalle/article38180975.ece|archive-date=23 January 2022|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Death==<br /> Rao was 46 when he developed [[Kidney failure|end-stage kidney disease]] and died on 22 November 2001 at [[Hyderabad]], Andhra Pradesh.&lt;ref name=&quot;Indian Kanoon&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Rao, Gudivada Gurunadha}}<br /> [[Category:1955 births]]<br /> [[Category:India MPs 1998–1999]]<br /> [[Category:2001 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:People from Hyderabad, India]]<br /> [[Category:People from Visakhapatnam district]]<br /> [[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1989–1994]]<br /> [[Category:State cabinet ministers of Andhra Pradesh]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shri_Ram_Centre_for_Performing_Arts&diff=535384 2026-04-18T22:09:34Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: started basic details first draft</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Theatre in Delhi, India}}{{Notability|Organisations|date=May 2024}}<br /> <br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox theatre group<br /> |bgcolour=<br /> |name=Shri Ram Centre for Performing Arts<br /> |image=Shriram_center_for_performing_arts_logo.png<br /> |image_size=<br /> |caption=<br /> |formed=1958<br /> |founder=<br /> |location=[[Mandi House]], [[Delhi]]<br /> |disbanded=<br /> |notable=[[Mukesh Chhabra]]&lt;br&gt;[[Jatin Sarna]]<br /> |website=[http://srcpa.in srcpa.in]<br /> |genre=<br /> }}'''Shri Ram Centre for Performing Arts''' or SRC one of [[Delhi]]'s best known [[theatre]]s at [[Mandi House]] on Safdar Hasmi Marg, [[New Delhi]], close to the Kendra, it is run by the [[Indian National Theatre]] Trust established in 1958 the promotion of Art and Culture, with people like Sheila Bharat Ram, Kamla Devi Chattopadhyay, Nandita Kriplani and [[Aditya Srivastava]] associated with it.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.shriramcenterart.org/fac2.htm History] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727042343/http://www.shriramcenterart.org/fac2.htm|date=2011-07-27}} SRC website.&lt;/ref&gt; The Centre runs a certified Two Year Acting Course. The SRCPA Theatre Repertory Company started in 1980&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.shriramcenterart.org/act1.html|title=Repertory Performances|publisher=SRC}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Puppet Theatre company, which over the years saw the rise of modern puppetry under puppeteer [[Dadi Pudumjee|Dadi Padamjee]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://wepa.unima.org/en/dadi-pudumjee/|title = Dadi Pudumjee|date = 11 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> [[File:Shri Ram Centre for Art and Culture, Delhi.JPG|thumb|Shri Ram Centre for Art and Culture, Delhi]]<br /> The present building of the Centre opened in the early ’60s. It was designed by [[Shiv Nath Prasad]] with help from theatre doyen, [[Ebrahim Alkazi]], and was constructed under the overall supervision of industrialist Vinay Bharat Ram of Shriram Group ([[Delhi Cloth Mills|DCM Ltd.]]), from the industrialist family of Lala Shri Ram. The Shankar Lal Murli Dhar Auditorium has a capacity of 375 people at two levels; 300 in the stall &amp; 75 in the balcony.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dcmtextiles.com/ceoprofile.asp|title=CEO Profile|publisher=DCM Textiles|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101211084620/http://www.dcmtextiles.com/ceoprofile.asp|archivedate=2010-12-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Repertory ==<br /> <br /> The SRCPA Repertory was set up in 1980. Presently, the Repertory is a full-time professional resident theatre company, performing regularly in Delhi and in other parts of the country. The company comprises 14 artists and a resident director namely, Sameep Singh (Chief of Repertory)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/new-production-of-vijay-tendulkars-1981-play-to-explore-complexities-of-homosexual-relationships/1536527|title=New production of Vijay Tendulkar's 1981 play to explore complexities of homosexual relationships}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Over the years, the SRC Repertory Company has been working with directors like Rajinder Nath, Ranjit Kapoor,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.delhievents.com/2014/05/shri-ram-centre-repertory-presents-kiss.html|title = Shri Ram Centre Repertory presents 'Janpath Kiss' Hindi Play as part of Summer Weekend Theatre Festival at Shri Ram Center for Performing Arts (SRCPA), 4, Safdar Hashmi Marg &gt; 7pm on 31st May &amp; 1st June 2014 | date=June 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt; B.V. Karanth, Habib Tanveer, B.M. Shah, Bansi Kaul, Piyush Mishra, Suresh Sharma, Roysten Abel, Sanjay Upadhyay, Bapi Bose, Avtaar Sahni, Chittaranjan Tripathi, Urmil Kumar Thapliyal, Mushtaq Kak, Chetan Dattar, Rabijita Gogoi, Aniruddh Khutwad, K. Madvane, K.S. Rajendran, Zafar Sanjari, Sameep Singh, Sohaila Kapur&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/building-blocks-setting-stage-the-shri-ram-centre-5164647/|title=Building Blocks: Setting the Stage|date=6 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Niloy Roy.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/reliving-the-past/article7456293.ece|title=Reliving the past|newspaper=The Hindu|date=23 July 2015|last1=Bajeli|first1=Diwan Singh}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Theatres in India]]<br /> [[Category:Culture of Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:Drama schools in India]]<br /> [[Category:Theatrical organisations based in India]]<br /> [[Category:Performing arts centres in India]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pehowa_Assembly_constituency&diff=525080 2026-04-15T23:49:29Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: New New Data</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Haryana State, India}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> |name = Pehowa<br /> |type= SLA <br /> | map_image = Pehowa Assembly constituency map.svg<br /> | map_caption = <br /> | map_alt = <br /> |alliance = &lt;!--Name of the current MLA's party alliance. Leave blank for former constituencies--&gt;<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br /> |region = <br /> |division = <br /> |constituency_no = 14 <br /> |established = &lt;!-- year of establishment --&gt;<br /> |abolished = &lt;!-- year abolished --&gt;<br /> | mla = [[Mandeep Chatha]]<br /> | party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br /> | state = [[Haryana]]<br /> | district = [[Kurukshetra district|Kurukshetra]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Kurukshetra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kurukshetra]]<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | electors = 1,86,967<br /> }}<br /> '''Pehowa Assembly constituency''' is one of the 90 [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Haryana]] state in [[India]].&lt;ref name=eci1&gt;{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=The Election Commission of India |pages=6, 148–157}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It is part of [[Kurukshetra district|Kurukshetra]] district.<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Year<br /> !Member&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pehowa Assembly constituency Election Result 2024 - Candidates, MLAs, Live Updates &amp; News |url=https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/pehowa.html |access-date= |website=www.elections.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Party<br /> |- <br /> | [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || Chiman Lal || {{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1968]] || rowspan=2 | Piara Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1972]] <br /> |- <br /> | [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || Tara Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1982]] || Piara Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1987]] || Balbir Singh Saini || {{Full party name with color|Lokdal}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1991]] || rowspan=3 | [[Jaswinder Singh Sandhu]]|| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1996]] || {{Full party name with color|Samata Party}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2000]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Lok Dal}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]] || rowspan=2 | [[Harmohinder Singh Chatha]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2009]] <br /> |- <br /> | [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || [[Jaswinder Singh Sandhu]]|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Lok Dal}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2019]] || [[Sandeep Singh]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]] <br /> |[[Mandeep Chatha]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> ===Assembly Election 2024===<br /> {{Election box begin|<br /> |title=[[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Pehowa&lt;ref name=&quot;Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 - Pehowa&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 - Pehowa |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-S0714.htm |accessdate=27 October 2024 |date=8 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Mandeep Chatha]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=64,548 |percentage=50.19% |change={{increase}}19.83 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jai Bhagwan Sharma (Dd) |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=57,995 |percentage=45.10% |change={{increase}}10.41 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Baldev Singh Waraich |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=1,772 |percentage=1.38% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Sukhwinder Kaur |party=Jannayak Janta Party |votes=1,253 |percentage=0.97% |change={{decrease}}11.11 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gurnam Singh |party=Sanyukt Sangharsh Party |votes=1,170 |percentage=0.91% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gehal Singh Sandhu |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=890 |percentage=0.69% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=306 |percentage=0.24% |change={{decrease}}0.27 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,553 |percentage=5.10% |change= {{increase}}0.77 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=1,28,602 |percentage=68.79% |change= {{decrease}}1.39 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,86,967 |ref = |change= {{increase}}6.81 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}15.50 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 2019 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Pehowa&lt;ref name=results2019&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11697-haryana-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Haryana Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 - Haryana - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate= 2 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sandeep Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=42,613 |percentage=34.69% |change=4.18% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mandeep Singh Chatha |party=Indian National Congress |votes=37,299 |percentage=30.36% |change=3.65% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Swami Sandeep Onkar |party=Independent politician |votes=21,775 |percentage=17.73% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Randhir Singh |party=Jannayak Janta Party |votes=14,846 |percentage=12.09% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pardeep Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,785 |percentage=1.45% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Onkar Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,741 |percentage=1.42% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nasib Singh |party=Loktanter Suraksha Party |votes=765 |percentage=0.62% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=622 |percentage=0.51% |change=-0.08% }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,314 |percentage=4.33% |change=-2.85% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=1,22,842 |percentage=70.18% |change= -10.72% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,75,028 |change =8.66% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Lok Dal |swing= -2.99% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 2014 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Pehowa}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Jaswinder Singh |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=49,110 |percentage=37.68% |change=8.28% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jai Bhagwan Sharma ( D.D.) |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=39,763 |percentage=30.51% |change=12.45% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mandeep Singh Chatha |party=Indian National Congress |votes=34,810 |percentage=26.71% |change=-6.52% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Baba Baldev Singh |party=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |votes=3,158 |percentage=2.42% |change=-3.23% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=769 |percentage=0.59% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suresh Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=716 |percentage=0.55% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,347 |percentage=7.17% |change=3.35% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=1,30,322 |percentage=80.90% |change= 1.79% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,61,081 |change =19.51% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Lok Dal |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 4.46% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 2009 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Pehowa}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Harmohinder Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=35,429 |percentage=33.23% |change=-0.42% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jaswinder Singh |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=31,349 |percentage=29.40% |change=-0.06% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balbir Singh Saini |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=19,260 |percentage=18.06% |change=-11.97% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajinder Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=6,611 |percentage=6.20% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Baldev Singh |party=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |votes=6,024 |percentage=5.65% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ravinder Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,974 |percentage=2.79% |change=-0.93% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shamsher Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,252 |percentage=2.11% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balwinder Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,499 |percentage=1.41% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raghbir Chand |party=Lok Janshakti Party |votes=656 |percentage=0.62% |change=0.07% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajesh Puri |party=Independent politician |votes=536 |percentage=0.50% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,080 |percentage=3.83% |change=0.21% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=1,06,631 |percentage=79.11% |change= 3.43% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,34,786 |change =0.91% }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -0.42% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 2005 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Pehowa}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Harmohinder Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=34,008 |percentage=33.64% |change=10.15% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balbir Singh Saini |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=30,355 |percentage=30.03% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jaswinder Singh |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=29,773 |percentage=29.45% |change=-11.66% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kalwant Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=3,758 |percentage=3.72% |change=2.60% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Harnam Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,671 |percentage=1.65% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagroop Singh |party=Bharatiya Republican Paksha |votes=585 |percentage=0.58% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raghbir Chand |party=Lok Janshakti Party |votes=555 |percentage=0.55% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,653 |percentage=3.61% |change=-12.47% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=1,01,081 |percentage=75.68% |change= 2.10% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,33,569 |change =12.13% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Lok Dal |swing= -7.47% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 2000 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Pehowa}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Jaswinder Singh |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=36,031 |percentage=41.12% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balbir Singh Saini |party=Independent politician |votes=21,940 |percentage=25.04% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Baldev Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,584 |percentage=23.49% |change=-0.63% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sadhu Ram Saini |party=Independent politician |votes=5,041 |percentage=5.75% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Subash Chander |party=Independent politician |votes=989 |percentage=1.13% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhupinder Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=983 |percentage=1.12% |change=-1.33% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sukhvir Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=977 |percentage=1.11% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=14,091 |percentage=16.08% |change=1.10% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=87,629 |percentage=73.58% |change= -3.64% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,19,119 |change =-3.25% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Lok Dal |loser=Samata Party |swing= 10.49% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1996 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Pehowa}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Jaswinder Singh |party=Samata Party |votes=35,482 |percentage=39.10% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balbir Singh Saini |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,887 |percentage=24.12% |change=6.52% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gurinderjeet Singh Nat |party=Independent politician |votes=12,550 |percentage=13.83% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jasmer Singh Sheokand |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=11,657 |percentage=12.85% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satpal Kashyap |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,226 |percentage=2.45% |change=-1.47% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suresh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,439 |percentage=1.59% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gian Singh S/O Joginder Singh |party=All India Indira Congress (Tiwari) |votes=998 |percentage=1.10% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balbir Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=764 |percentage=0.84% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,595 |percentage=14.98% |change=7.22% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=90,739 |percentage=77.22% |change= 2.57% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,23,119 |change =16.37% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Samata Party |loser=Janata Party |swing= 8.47% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1991 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Pehowa}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Jaswinder Singh |party=Janata Party |votes=23,236 |percentage=30.63% |change=28.11% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balbir Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=17,344 |percentage=22.86% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Harmohinder Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,350 |percentage=17.60% |change=-10.70% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gurmukh Singh |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=11,066 |percentage=14.59% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ishwar Dayal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,194 |percentage=6.85% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Giasuram |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,973 |percentage=3.92% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Harnam Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,729 |percentage=2.28% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,892 |percentage=7.77% |change=-25.34% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=75,861 |percentage=74.65% |change= -0.08% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,05,803 |change =9.50% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Lokdal |swing= -30.78% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1987 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Pehowa}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Balbir Singh |party=Lokdal |votes=43,756 |percentage=61.41% |change=52.09% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tara Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,162 |percentage=28.30% |change=-8.55% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Giasu Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=3,208 |percentage=4.50% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sham Singh |party=Janata Party |votes=1,797 |percentage=2.52% |change=-8.92% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagwan Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=454 |percentage=0.64% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prithi Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=339 |percentage=0.48% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Parkash Kaur |party=Independent politician |votes=301 |percentage=0.42% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=23,594 |percentage=33.11% |change=29.67% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=71,256 |percentage=74.72% |change= 0.92% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 96,628 |change =23.85% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Lokdal |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 24.56% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1982 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Pehowa}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Piara Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,877 |percentage=36.85% |change=18.52% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balbir Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=18,928 |percentage=33.41% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sham Singh |party=Janata Party |votes=6,484 |percentage=11.44% |change=-27.96% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Priti Pal Singh Alias Chuhar Singh |party=Lokdal |votes=5,277 |percentage=9.31% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surjit Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=4,225 |percentage=7.46% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Faqira Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=760 |percentage=1.34% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,949 |percentage=3.44% |change=-17.63% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=56,656 |percentage=73.81% |change= 6.01% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 78,019 |change =21.13% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Janata Party |swing= -2.55% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1977 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Pehowa}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Tara Singh |party=Janata Party |votes=16,992 |percentage=39.40% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Piara Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,904 |percentage=18.33% |change=-25.05% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gurmukh Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=6,434 |percentage=14.92% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohinder Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=3,636 |percentage=8.43% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tara Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=3,122 |percentage=7.24% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Param Jit |party=Independent politician |votes=2,510 |percentage=5.82% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manjit Singh |party=Communist Party of India |votes=2,145 |percentage=4.97% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sukhwant Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=279 |percentage=0.65% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,088 |percentage=21.07% |change=9.15% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=43,123 |percentage=67.80% |change= -8.38% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 64,410 |change =-2.53% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -3.97% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1972 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Pehowa}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Piara Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,224 |percentage=43.38% |change=4.69% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khushvant Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=15,391 |percentage=31.45% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chiman Lal |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=6,375 |percentage=13.03% |change=-11.98% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kulwant Rai |party=Independent politician |votes=4,015 |percentage=8.21% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tahal Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=1,641 |percentage=3.35% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Daliy Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=285 |percentage=0.58% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,833 |percentage=11.92% |change=-1.76% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=48,931 |percentage=76.18% |change= 23.79% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 66,082 |change =10.57% }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 4.69% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1968 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Pehowa}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Piara Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,798 |percentage=38.68% |change=9.23% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Dia|party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=7,627 |percentage=25.01% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amar Nath |party=Swatantra Party |votes=7,181 |percentage=23.55% |change=-10.92% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raghbir Singh |party=Communist Party of India |votes=3,406 |percentage=11.17% |change=-2.50% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yash Paul |party=Independent politician |votes=486 |percentage=1.59% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,171 |percentage=13.68% |change=8.66% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=30,498 |percentage=52.39% |change= -18.57% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 59,767 |change =4.30% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Swatantra Party |swing= 4.22% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1967 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Pehowa}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Chiman Lal |party=Swatantra Party |votes=13,010 |percentage=34.47% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,117 |percentage=29.45% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Nath |party=Independent politician |votes=7,391 |percentage=19.58% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Singh |party=Communist Party of India |votes=5,160 |percentage=13.67% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=637 |percentage=1.69% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Dass |party=Independent politician |votes=429 |percentage=1.14% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,893 |percentage=5.02% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=37,744 |percentage=70.96% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 57,305 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Swatantra Party |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of constituencies of the Haryana Legislative Assembly]]<br /> * [[Kurukshetra district]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Haryana constituencies}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|29.98|76.58|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Kurukshetra district]]<br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Haryana]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Haryana]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]<br /> [[Category:1967 establishments in Haryana]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prachi_Garg&diff=526168 2026-04-08T14:37:55Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: New A Post</p> <hr /> <div>{{notability|Biographies|date=July 2018}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=October 2013}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox writer &lt;!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] --&gt;<br /> | name = Prachi Garg<br /> | image = File:Prachi Garg Indian Author.jpg<br /> | caption = Prachi Garg<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1984|05|19|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Bulandshahr]], Uttar Pradesh, India <br /> | occupation = Author<br /> | nationality = Indian<br /> | imagesize =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Prachi Garg'''; born 19 May 1984) is an Indian author&lt;ref name=&quot;timesofindia.indiatimes.com&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Rathore |first1=Kratagya |title=Indore experiences a great mix of literature and arts |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/indore-experiences-a-great-mix-of-literature-and-arts/articleshow/64018244.cms |access-date=23 June 2018 |work=Author |date=3 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Prachi Garg Book Release at Entrepreneurship Cell of Indian Institute of Management, Tiruchi|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/campus/article14572230.ece|work=Author of Superwomen delivering a keynote speech on women entrepreneurship and challenges|date=16 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; columnist, academic speaker,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQGymrPh1e0 |title=EAD Ranchi 2021 - Session 1 {{!}} Miss. Prachi Garg, BestSeller Author, Entrepreneur &amp; Public Speaker |date=2021-11-23 |publisher=Entrepreneurship Cell, IIT Kharagpur |access-date=2025-10-31 |via=YouTube}}{{dead link|date=April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; traveler and entrepreneur.&lt;ref name=&quot;thehindu.com&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author=Liffy Thomas |title=Till retirement do us part |url=http://www.thehindu.com/education/careers/till-retirement-do-us-part/article23311545.ece |access-date=23 June 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=21 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Her books &quot;Superwomen&quot;, focused on women [[entrepreneurship]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Prachi Garg to conduct a lecture invited by IIM|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/iim-trichy-hosts-lecture-on-challenges-faced-by-women-entrepreneurs/articleshow/53720625.cms|work=Challenges women entrepreneurs face and how to cope up with them|date=16 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; and &quot;Supercouples&quot; based on the entrepreneurship endeavors and challenges by couples. Much of her subject or theme is oriented towards entrepreneurship, [[social issues]] and development and [[women empowerment]] in the context of Indian subcontinent. She combines dreams with realism with facts derived from the practical life.<br /> <br /> == Early life, family background and education ==<br /> Prachi Garg was born on 19 May 1984{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}} in [[Bulandshahr]], Uttar Pradesh, in a [[business family]]. She is a daughter of Neeru Garg and Brajesh Garg. She has earned a [[master degree]] in business administration (MBA)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Done MBA from the Great Lakes Institute of Management|url=https://sheroes.com/articles/meet-the-sheroes-prachi-garg/MTA2OQ==|publisher=Sheroes}}{{dead link|date=April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; from [[Great Lakes Institute of Management]], [[Chennai]].<br /> <br /> == Career and entrepreneurship ==<br /> She has worked as an anchor and news reporter with [[DD News]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Interview With Prachi Garg, Author of SuperCouples|url=http://www.ddsreviews.in/2017/03/interview-with-prachi-garg-author-of.html|publisher=DDsreviews}}&lt;/ref&gt; Journal, freelance journalist with EET India, and has been freelancing for HT Horizons. She is an author.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The downside of winning - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/de-stress/the-downside-of-winning/articleshow/69689915.cms |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> She owns an enterprise Ghoomophiro.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Founder of Ghoomophiro|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/travel/open-letter-to-indian-parents-to-let-their-kids-travel/articleshow/60855991.cms|work=The Economics Times|date=27 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Her start-up has been covered by, Indian Express Femina, iDiva. She does trekking&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=Justin Solomon |author2=Kate Springer |title=Trekking with the traveling sisters of India |url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/india-ghoomophiro-trekking-sisters/index.html |work=CNN |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; and organizes women guided tours.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=GhoomPiro Sisters Giving Women Guided Tours Of India |url=https://nowthisnews.com/videos/her/ghoompiro-sisters-giving-women-guided-tours-of-india |work=NowThis News |date=August 7, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2025, she was the exhibition chair for ICCCNT 2025, held at Indore.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Asia's Largest STEM Conference: ICCCNT 2025 Wraps Up at IIT Indore with Unprecedented Global Participation |url=https://www.business-standard.com/content/specials/asia-s-largest-stem-conference-icccnt-2025-wraps-up-at-iit-indore-with-unprecedented-global-participation-125071400637_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250717111849/https://www.business-standard.com/content/specials/asia-s-largest-stem-conference-icccnt-2025-wraps-up-at-iit-indore-with-unprecedented-global-participation-125071400637_1.html |archive-date=2025-07-17 |access-date=2025-10-31 |newspaper=Business Standard |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Writing career ==<br /> <br /> *''Superwomen''. The book,&lt;ref name=&quot;The Hindu&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Superwomen Book Released|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/campus/article14572230.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=16 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; a collection of biographies, narrates the entrepreneurial journeys and struggles therein of 20 women&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title='Superwomen' showcases inspiring stories of 20 women entrepreneurs|url=https://myventure.in/prachi-gargs-superwomen-showcases-inspiring-stories-of-20-women-entrepreneurs/|publisher=My Venture}}&lt;/ref&gt; from the Indian subcontinent. It depicts how these women played all their roles to perfection, aligning their families with their ambitions, showing the world their true mettle<br /> *''Supercouples''. The book, a collection of biographies.<br /> *''Supersiblings''. Her latest book focuses on siblings who've established themselves as entrepreneurs together and how their relationship has nurtured during that course.<br /> *&quot;Legends of the startup guy&quot;. The book was launched in March&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Author &amp; Women Entrepreneur Prachi Garg releases latest novel 'Legends of a Start-Up Guy' |url=https://thisweekindia.news/article/author-women-entrepreneur-prachi-garg-releases-latest-novel-legends-of-a-startup-guy/18299 |work=This Week India |date=11 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; and is about how a young guy Ganesh starts his business. It is a mix of Indian mythology and business lessons. <br /> *&quot;Startup Secrets from the Ramayana&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Gupta |first1=Amit Kumar |title=Startup secrets from the Ramayana (2019) |url=https://medium.com/@amitgupta0310/startup-secrets-from-the-ramayana-2019-7924ec789ee |website=Medium |language=en |date=31 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; The book that has startup lessons from Ramayana.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Book Review: Startup Secrets from The Ramayana by Prachi Garg |url=https://straightlinenews.com/book-review-startup-secrets-from-the-ramayana-by-prachi-garg/#:~:text=Startup%20Secrets%20from%20The%20Ramayana%20by%20Prachi%20Garg%20is%20a,enough%20to%20intrigue%20a%20person. |website=Straight Line |date=31 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *&quot;Kakori: The Train Robbery that shook the British Raj&quot;. In this book, she puts together the events that led to the fateful incident.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=PR |first=ANI |date=2022-06-15 |title=Prachi Garg's extensively-researched historical non-fiction KAKORI |url=https://theprint.in/ani-press-releases/prachi-gargs-extensively-researched-historical-non-fiction-kakori/997441/ |access-date=2025-10-31 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Awards==<br /> * Received the &quot;Femina Achievers 2025 North&quot; Award&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=https://www.femina.in/trending/achievers/femina-achievers-2025-north-honouring-the-changemakers-285790.html|title= Femina Achievers 2025 North}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Received the &quot;Excellence Award at Miranda House&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=https://www.mirandahouse.ac.in/alumnae/excellenceawards.php|title= Excellence Award}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Received the &quot;Women Disruptor of the year for excellence in Technology&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=https://women-disruptors-2022.adgully.com/winner-list.php|title= WOMEN DISRUPTORS AWARDS 2022 - WINNERS}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Received the &quot;Indian Prime Women Icon Award - 2022&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=https://news24online.com/lifestyle/first-list-of-foxclues-india-prime-women-icon-awards-released/57040/|title= First list of Foxclues India Prime Women Icon Awards released}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Bibliography ==<br /> * {{cite book<br /> | last = Garg<br /> | first = Prachi<br /> | title = Superwomen<br /> | publisher = Srishti Publishers<br /> | year = 2016<br /> | ISBN = 978-93-82665-63-2<br /> | url = <br /> | author-mask = 1<br /> }}<br /> * {{cite book<br /> | last = Garg<br /> | first = Prachi<br /> | title = Supercouples<br /> | publisher = Srishti Publishers<br /> | year = 2017<br /> | ISBN = 978-93-82665-89-2<br /> | url = <br /> | author-mask = 1<br /> }}<br /> * {{cite book<br /> | last = Garg<br /> | first = Prachi<br /> | title = SuperSiblings<br /> | publisher = Srishti Publishers<br /> | year = 2018<br /> | ISBN = 978-93-87022-10-2<br /> | url = <br /> | author-mask = 1<br /> }}<br /> * {{cite book<br /> | last = Garg<br /> | first = Prachi<br /> | title = Legends of a Startup Guy<br /> | publisher = Srishti Publishers<br /> | year = 2019<br /> | ISBN = 978-93-87022-54-6<br /> | url = <br /> | author-mask = 1<br /> }}<br /> * {{cite book<br /> | last = Garg<br /> | first = Prachi<br /> | title = Guardian Angel<br /> | publisher = Srishti Publishers<br /> | year = 2020<br /> | ASIN = B08CDXX9HL<br /> | url = <br /> | author-mask = 1<br /> }}<br /> * {{cite book<br /> | last = Garg<br /> | first = Prachi<br /> | title = Startup Secrets from the Ramayana<br /> | publisher = Srishti Publishers<br /> | year = 2020<br /> | ISBN = 978-93-87022-83-6<br /> | url = <br /> | author-mask = 1<br /> }}<br /> * {{cite book<br /> | last = Garg<br /> | first = Prachi<br /> | title = PenPal is Here<br /> | publisher = Srishti Publishers<br /> | year = 2020<br /> | ASIN = B08BCG589J<br /> | url = <br /> | author-mask = 1<br /> }}<br /> * {{cite book<br /> | last = Garg<br /> | first = Prachi<br /> | title = Connecting the Dots<br /> | publisher = Srishti Publishers<br /> | year = 2020<br /> | ASIN = B08BCH6B4D<br /> | url =<br /> | author-mask = 1<br /> }}<br /> * {{cite book<br /> | last = Garg<br /> | first = Prachi<br /> | title = The Time Machine <br /> | publisher = Srishti Publishers<br /> | year = 2020<br /> | ASIN = B08C7LL5QJ<br /> | url =<br /> | author-mask = 1<br /> }}<br /> * {{cite book<br /> | last = Garg<br /> | first = Prachi<br /> | title = Ganesha's Global Startup<br /> | publisher = Srishti Publishers<br /> | year = 2021<br /> | ISBN = 978-93-90441-30-3<br /> | url =<br /> | author-mask = 1<br /> }}<br /> <br /> * {{cite book<br /> | last = Garg<br /> | first = Prachi<br /> | title = Kakori: The Train Robbery That Shook The British Raj<br /> | publisher = Srishti Publishers<br /> | year = 2022<br /> | ISBN = 978-93-90441-34-1<br /> | url = <br /> | author-mask = 1<br /> }}<br /> * {{cite book<br /> | last = Garg<br /> | first = Prachi<br /> | title = Operation Polo: Integration of Hyderabad into India by Sardar Patel<br /> | publisher = Srishti Publishers<br /> | year = 2024<br /> | ISBN = 978-93-95192-62-0<br /> | author-mask = 1<br /> }}<br /> * {{cite book<br /> | last = Garg<br /> | first = Prachi<br /> | title = Wisdom from the Dashavatara - Leadership Lessons on Startups<br /> | publisher = Om Book International<br /> | year = 2025<br /> | ISBN = 978-93-6395-620-9<br /> | author-mask = 1<br /> |location=Delhi}}<br /> * {{cite book<br /> | last = Garg<br /> | first = Prachi<br /> | title = India's Women Scientists: The Power behind the Progress<br /> | publisher = Shrishti Publishers<br /> | year = 2026<br /> | ISBN = 978-93-6411-970-2<br /> | author-mask = 1<br /> |location=Delhi}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Garg, Prachi}}<br /> [[Category:Women writers from Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women novelists]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian non-fiction writers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian business writers]]<br /> [[Category:1984 births]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women columnists]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sanskrit_inscriptions_in_Maritime_Southeast_Asia&diff=549728 2026-04-08T01:33:17Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian script in Southeast Asia}}<br /> {{see also|Category: Inscriptions in Indonesia}}<br /> <br /> A good number of inscriptions written in [[Sanskrit|Sanskrit language]] have been found in [[maritime Southeast Asia]], notably in [[Malaysia]] and [[Indonesia]]. &quot;Early inscriptions written in Indian languages and scripts abound in Southeast Asia. [...] The fact that southern Indian languages didn't travel eastwards along with the script further suggests that the main carriers of ideas from the southeast coast of India to the east - and the main users in Southeast Asia of religious texts written in Sanskrit and Pali - were Southeast Asians themselves. The spread of these north Indian sacred languages thus provides no specific evidence for any movements of South Asian individuals or groups to Southeast Asia.&lt;ref&gt;Jan Wisseman Christie, &quot;The Medieval Tamil-language Inscriptions in Southeast Asia and China&quot;, ''[[Journal of Southeast Asian Studies]]'', Vol. 29, No. 02, September 1998, pp 239-268&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Notable inscriptions ==<br /> <br /> === Kutai inscriptions ===<br /> [[File:Prasasti-Yupa02.jpg|thumb|180px|Picture of one of the Kutai inscriptions at the [[National Museum (Indonesia)|National Museum]] in Jakarta]]<br /> <br /> The oldest known inscriptions in [[Indonesia]] are the '''Kutai inscriptions''', or the '''Muarakaman inscriptions''', which are those on seven stone pillars, or ''[[yupa]]'' (“sacrificial posts”), found in the eastern part of Borneo, in the area of [[Kutai]], [[East Kalimantan]] province. They are written in the early [[Pallava script]], in the [[Sanskrit]] language, and commemorate sacrifices held by a king called [[Mulavarman]]. Based on palaeographical grounds, they have been dated to the second half of the 4th century AD. They attest to the emergence of an Indianized state in the Indonesian archipelago prior to AD 400, and hence Old Kutai Kingdom ({{Lang|id|Kutai Kuno}}) is the earliest known Indianized polity in Indonesia.<br /> <br /> In addition to Mulavarman, the reigning king, the inscriptions mention the names of his father Asvavarman and his grandfather Kundungga. It is generally agreed that Kundungga is not a Sanskrit name, but one of native origin. The fact that his son Asvavarman is the first of the line to bear a Sanskrit name indicates that he was probably also the first to adhere to Hinduism.&lt;ref&gt;S. Supomo, &quot;Chapter 15. Indic Transformation: The Sanskritization of ''Jawa'' and the Javanization of the ''Bharata'' in Peter S. Bellwood, James J. Fox, [[Darrell Tryon|Darrell T. Tryon]] (eds.), ''The Austronesians: Historical and Comparative Perspectives'', Australian National University, 1995&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Tugu Inscription ===<br /> [[File:Prasasti tugu.jpg|thumb|180px|Tugu inscription in [[National Museum of Indonesia]]]]<br /> The '''Tugu inscription''' is one several inscriptions associated to [[Tarumanagara]], discovered in Batutumbuh hamlet, Tugu village, Koja, [[North Jakarta]], in [[Indonesia]]. The inscription contains information about hydraulic projects; the irrigation and water drainage project of the Chandrabhaga river by the order of a certain ''Rajadirajaguru'', and also the water project of the Gomati river by the order of King [[Purnawarman]] in the 22nd year of his reign. The digging project to straighten and widen the river was conducted in order to avoid flooding in the wet season, and as an irrigation project during the dry season.<br /> <br /> The Tugu inscription was written in [[Pallava script]] arranged in the form of [[Sanskrit]] Sloka with [[Anustubh]] metrum, consisting of five lines that run around the surface of the stone. Just like other inscriptions from the Tarumanagara kingdom, the Tugu inscriptions do not mention the date of the edict. The date of the inscriptions was estimated and analyzed according to paleographic study which concluded that the inscriptions originated from the mid 5th century. The script of the Tugu inscription and the Cidanghyang inscription bear striking similarity, such as the script &quot;citralaikha&quot; written as &quot;citralekha&quot;, leading to the assumption that the writer of these inscriptions was the same person.<br /> <br /> The Tugu inscription is the longest Tarumanagara inscription pronounced by edict of Sri Maharaja Purnawarman. The inscription was made during the 22nd year of his reign, to commemorate the completion of the canals of the Gomati and Candrabhaga rivers. On the inscription there is an image of a staff crowned with [[Trisula]] straight to mark the separation between the beginning and the end of each sentence.<br /> <br /> === Kedah Inscription ===<br /> An inscription in Sanskrit dated 1086 has been found in [[Kedah]]. This was left by [[Kulottunga I|Kulothunga Chola I]] (of the [[Chola]] empire. This too shows the commercial contacts the Chola Empire had with Malaysia.&lt;ref name=Arokiaswamy2000&gt;{{cite book | last = Arokiaswamy| first = Celine W.M.| title = Tamil Influences in Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines| year = 2000| location = Manila s.n.| pages = 37, 38, &amp; 41}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Ligor Inscription ===<br /> An inscription was found in the [[Malay Peninsula]] in [[Southern Thailand]], at [[Nakhon Si Thammarat]]. It has been dubbed the [[Ligor inscription]], being the name given by Europeans to the region in the 16th and 17th centuries. It is written in [[Sanskrit]]&lt;ref&gt;Niranjan Prasad Chakravarti and Bijan Raj Chatterjee, ''An Outline of Indo-Javanese History'', Calcutta: Greater India Society, 1926&lt;/ref&gt; and bears the date of 775 AD.&lt;ref&gt;O. W. Wolters, “Tambralinga”, in Classical civilisations of South East Asia: an anthology of articles published in the Bulletin of SOAS (Vladimir Braginsky ed.), RoutledgeCurzon, 2002, 0-7007-1410-3, p. 588&lt;/ref&gt; One side of the inscription refers to the Illustrious Great Monarch (śrīmahārāja) belonging to the &quot;Lord of the Mountain&quot; dynasty (''śailendravaṁśa''), which is also mentioned in four Sanskrit inscriptions from Central Java; the other side refers to the founding of several Buddhist sanctuaries by a king of Srivijaya.&lt;ref&gt;Pierre-Yves Manguin, “Srivijaya, An Introduction”, Nalanda-Sriwijaya Centre, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2009&lt;/ref&gt; [[Srivijaya]] is the name of a kingdom whose centre was located in the modern city of [[Palembang]] in [[South Sumatra]] province, Indonesia. The Ligor inscription is testimony to an expansion of Sriwijaya power to the peninsula.&lt;ref&gt;Leonard Y. Andaya, ''Leaves of the same tree: trade and ethnicity in the Straits of Melaka'', University of Hawaii Press, 2008, p. 149&lt;/ref&gt; The Ligor inscription has been known in the list of inscription of Thailand as &quot;Inscription No. 23 : Inscription of Wat Sema Mueang&quot; which has been found at Wat Sema Mueang, Wiang Sak township, Mueang district of Nakhon Srithammarat in 1907 by Prince Damrongrachaniphab when he was Ministry of Interior during the annual inspection trip with the era recorded in the inscription as &quot;Maha Sakkarat 697&quot; (AD 775)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://db.sac.or.th/inscriptions/inscribe/detail/323&amp;lang=T&amp;cat=|script-title=th:จารึกวัดเสมาเมือง|access-date=19 May 2022|language=th}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> The Ligor inscription is testimony to an expansion of Sriwijaya power to the peninsula.&lt;ref&gt;Leonard Y. Andaya, ''Leaves of the same tree: trade and ethnicity in the Straits of Melaka'', University of Hawaii Press, 2008, p. 149&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==List of Sanskrit inscriptions throughout the Southeast Asia archipelago==<br /> This table lists only inscriptions that are entirely written in Sanskrit or have extensive portions of Sanskrit within them (e.g. a whole side of a stone or lengthy epithets).<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Inscriptions<br /> !Place of discovery<br /> !Date<br /> !Note<br /> |-<br /> |[[Võ Cạnh inscription]]<br /> |[[Nha Trang]], [[Vietnam]]<br /> |2nd-3rd century CE<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Yūpa#Yūpa inscription in Indonesia|Muarakaman inscriptions]]<br /> |[[East Kalimantan]], [[Indonesia]]<br /> |~ 400 CE<br /> |Also known as Kutai inscriptions<br /> |-<br /> |[[Kebon Kopi I inscription]]<br /> |[[Bogor Regency|Bogor]], Indonesia<br /> |~ 400 CE<br /> |Also known as Tapak Gajah inscriptions<br /> |-<br /> |[[Tugu inscription]]<br /> |[[North Jakarta]], Indonesia<br /> |early 5th century CE<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Cidanghiang inscription]]<br /> |[[Pandeglang Regency|Pandeglang]], Indonesia<br /> |5th century CE<br /> |Also known as Lebak inscription<br /> |-<br /> |[[Ciaruteun inscription]]<br /> |[[Bogor Regency|Bogor]], Indonesia<br /> |5th century CE<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Muara Cianten inscription]]<br /> |[[Bogor Regency|Bogor]], Indonesia<br /> |5th century CE<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Jambu inscription]]<br /> |[[Bogor Regency|Bogor]], Indonesia<br /> |5th century CE<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Pasir Awi inscription]]<br /> |[[Bogor Regency|Bogor]], Indonesia<br /> |5th century CE<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Tukmas inscription]]<br /> |[[Magelang Regency|Magelang]], Indonesia<br /> |6th-7th century CE<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Canggal inscription]]<br /> |[[Magelang Regency|Magelang]], Indonesia<br /> |732 CE<br /> |Earliest mention of King [[Sanjaya of Mataram|Sanjaya]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Kanjuruhan inscription]]<br /> |[[Malang]], Indonesia<br /> |750 CE<br /> |Also known as the Dinoyo inscription<br /> |-<br /> |[[Plumpungan Inscription|Hampran inscription]]<br /> |[[Salatiga]], Indonesia<br /> |760 CE<br /> |Also known as the Plumpungan inscription<br /> |-<br /> |[[Ligor inscription]]<br /> |[[Nakhon Si Thammarat province|Nakhon Si Thammarat]], [[Thailand]]<br /> |775 CE<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Kalasan inscription]]<br /> |[[Sleman Regency|Sleman]], Indonesia<br /> |778 CE<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Kelurak inscription]]<br /> |[[Klaten Regency|Klaten]], Indonesia<br /> |782 CE<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Karangtengah inscription|Karangtengah inscriptions]]<br /> |[[Temanggung Regency|Temanggung]], Indonesia<br /> |824 CE<br /> |Also known as Kayumwungan inscription<br /> |-<br /> |[[Tri Tepusan inscription]]<br /> |[[Temanggung Regency|Temanggung]], Indonesia<br /> |842 CE<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Belanjong pillar]]<br /> |[[Sanur, Bali|Sanur]], [[Denpasar]], Indonesia<br /> |914 CE<br /> |One side of the stone is in Sanskrit, while the other is in Old Balinese<br /> |-<br /> |[[Pucangan inscription]]<br /> |[[Mojokerto Regency|Mojokerto]], Indonesia<br /> |1041 CE<br /> |Also known as the Calcutta Stone. One side of the stone is in Sanskrit, while the other is in Old Javanese<br /> |-<br /> |[[Wurare Inscription]]<br /> |[[Mojokerto Regency|Mojokerto]], Indonesia<br /> |1289 CE<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Pasir Panjang inscription]]<br /> |[[Karimun Regency|Karimun]], Indonesia<br /> |9-12th century CE<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Singapore Stone]]<br /> |[[Singapore]]<br /> |10-11th century CE<br /> |Language unclear to due to severe damage to the stone; either Sanskrit, Old Javanese or Old Malay<br /> |-<br /> |[[Akarendra inscription]]<br /> |[[Tanah Datar Regency|Tanah Datar]], Indonesia<br /> |12th century CE<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Manjusri inscription]]<br /> |[[Malang Regency|Malang]], Indonesia<br /> |1343 CE<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Amoghapasa inscription]]<br /> |[[Dharmasraya Regency|Dharmasraya]], Indonesia<br /> |1347 CE<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Pagaruyung III inscription]]<br /> |[[Tanah Datar Regency|Tanah Datar]], Indonesia<br /> |1347 CE<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Bukit Gombak inscription]]<br /> |[[Tanah Datar Regency|Tanah Datar]], Indonesia<br /> |1357 CE<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Pagaruyung VIII inscription]]<br /> |[[Tanah Datar Regency|Tanah Datar]], Indonesia<br /> |1369 or 1316 CE<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Suruaso I inscription]]<br /> |[[Tanah Datar Regency|Tanah Datar]], Indonesia<br /> |1375 CE<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Saruaso II inscription|Suruaso II inscription]]<br /> |[[Batusangkar]], Indonesia<br /> |14th century CE<br /> |Also known as Batusangkar inscription<br /> |-<br /> |[[Kuburajo inscription]]<br /> |[[Tanah Datar Regency|Tanah Datar]], Indonesia<br /> |14th century CE<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Kertawijaya|Waringin Pitu inscription]]<br /> |[[Trenggalek]], Indonesia<br /> |1447 CE<br /> |Predominantly in Old Javanese, but mentioning members of the [[Majapahit]] royal family with long epithets in Sanskrit verse<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Tamil inscriptions in the Malay world]]<br /> * [[Sanskrit#Symbolic usage|Symbolic usage of Sanskrit]]<br /> * [[Indianisation]]<br /> * [[Sanskritisation]]<br /> * [[Indosphere]]<br /> * [[Greater India]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{reflist|group=nb}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Sanskrit inscriptions|Malaysia]]<br /> [[Category:Indian diaspora in Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Indian-Malaysian culture]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Industrial_Security_Force&diff=454830 2026-03-29T05:56:06Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: improve lead after review</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Central police force in India}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=March 2014}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox law enforcement agency<br /> | agencyname = Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)<br /> | commonname = <br /> | abbreviation = CISF<br /> | logo = CISF LOGO.svg<br /> | logocaption = Emblem of the Central Industrial Security Force<br /> | badge = <br /> | badgecaption = <br /> | flag = CISF Flag.svg<br /> | flagcaption = Flag of the Central Industrial Security Force<br /> | motto = &quot;संरक्षण एवं सुरक्षा&quot;&lt;br/&gt;''Protection and Security''<br /> | mottotranslated = <br /> | director general = Rajwinder Singh Bhatti, IPS<br /> | mission = <br /> | formed = {{Start date and age|1969|03|10|df=yes}}<br /> | preceding1 = <br /> | employees = 190,000 active Personnel&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/EnglAnnualReport2016-17_17042017.pdf |title=Annual Report 2016-17 |access-date=1 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808200948/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/EnglAnnualReport2016-17_17042017.pdf |archive-date=8 August 2017 |url-status=dead |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | volunteers = <br /> | budget = {{INRConvert|16828.85|c|1}} &lt;small&gt;(2026–27)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 Feb 2026 |title=DEMAND NO. 51, Demands for Grants, 2026-2027, MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS |url=https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/doc/eb/sbe51.pdf |access-date=1 Feb 2026 |website=IndiaBudget.gov.in |pages=5 |publication-place=[[New Delhi]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | country = India<br /> | countryabbr = <br /> | federal = Yes<br /> | map = <br /> | legalpersonality = <br /> | mapcaption = <br /> | sizearea = <br /> | sizepopulation = <br /> | legaljuris = <br /> | governingbody = [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]<br /> | governingbodyscnd = <br /> | constitution1 = [[Central Industrial Security Force Act, 1968]]<br /> | speciality1 = <br /> | speciality2 = <br /> | speciality3 = <br /> | overviewtype = <br /> | overviewbody = <br /> | headquarters = New Delhi, India<br /> | hqlocmap = <br /> | hqlocleft = <br /> | hqloctop = <br /> | hqlocmappoptitle = <br /> | sworntype = <br /> | sworn = <br /> | unsworntype = <br /> | unsworn = <br /> | electeetype = Minister<br /> | minister1name = [[Amit Shah]]<br /> | minister1pfo = [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]<br /> | chief1name = [[Praveer Ranjan]], [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]<br /> | chief1position = [[Director General]] <br /> | parentagency = <br /> | child1agency = <br /> | unittype = <br /> | unitname = <br /> | officetype = <br /> | officename = <br /> | provideragency = <br /> | uniformedas = <br /> | stationtype = <br /> | stations = <br /> | airbases = <br /> | lockuptype = <br /> | lockups = <br /> | vehicle1type = <br /> | vehicles1 = <br /> | boat1type = <br /> | boats1 = <br /> | aircraft1type = <br /> | aircraft1 = <br /> | animal1type = <br /> | animals1 = <br /> | person1name = [[O. P. Singh]] {{small|([[Indian Police Service|IPS]])}}<br /> | person1reason = Former Director General&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://mha1.nic.in/ipr/ips_ersheet_new/ERSheet1.aspx|title=Om Prakash Singh – Executive Record Sheet|website=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]], [[Government of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424100743/http://mha1.nic.in/ipr/ips_ersheet_new/ERSheet1.aspx|archive-date=24 April 2016|url-status=dead|access-date=11 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | person1type = <br /> | programme1 = <br /> | activity1name = <br /> | activitytype = <br /> | anniversary1 = <br /> | award1 = <br /> | website = {{URL|http://cisf.gov.in/}}<br /> | footnotes = <br /> | reference = <br /> }}<br /> {{Politics of India}}<br /> The '''Central Industrial Security Force''' ('''CISF''') is a [[Central Armed Police Forces|central armed police force]] in [[India]], under the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]. CISF's primary mission is to provide [[security police|security policing]] services to large institutions, whether state-owned or privately owned.<br /> <br /> It was set up under an Act of the [[Parliament of India]] on 15 March 1969 with a strength of 2,800. CISF was subsequently formally authorized by another Act of Parliament passed on 15 June 1983. Its current active strength is 148,371 personnel.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cisf.gov.in/dgmsg/|title=CISF Official Website}}&lt;/ref&gt; In April 2017, the government raised the sanctioned strength from 145,000 to 180,000 personnel. Recently the strength has been increased to 200,000.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=(Release%20ID%20:160843)|title=Press Information Bureau|access-date=29 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Among its duties are guarding sensitive governmental buildings, Parliament complex, the Delhi Metro, and providing airport security.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|agency=Times News Network (TNN) |title=Rajesh Ranjan takes charge as CISF chief |date=12 April 2018 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/articleshow/63722073.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412185049/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/articleshow/63722073.cms |archive-date=12 April 2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> CISF also [[Security Consultancy Wing|provides consultancy services]] to private industries as well as other organisations within the Indian government. The scope of CISF's consulting practice includes security consulting and fire protection consulting.<br /> <br /> It also plays a major role in Disaster Management. The CISF has a 'Fire Wing' which helps during fire accidents in Industries where the CISF is on guard.<br /> [[File:The Central Industrial Security Force marching contingent passes through the Rajpath during the 62nd Republic Day Parade-2011, in New Delhi on January 26, 2011.jpg|alt=|thumb|CISF marching contingent in New Delhi]]<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) was established by an Act of Parliament on 10 March 1969 with an initial sanctioned strength of approximately 188,000 personnel.<br /> <br /> As its name indicates, it was created to provide better protection and security to industrial undertakings across the country. Initially, protection was limited to industries wholly owned by the Central Government. This restriction has since been relaxed, and the CISF now also safeguards joint-venture enterprises in which the Central Government has a stake.<br /> <br /> Over the years, the role of the CISF has significantly expanded and diversified. Today, in addition to industrial units, it provides security to [[List of airports in India|airports]], [[List of ports in India|seaports]], [[Urban rail transit in India|metro rail networks]], key government buildings, heritage monuments (including the [[Taj Mahal]] and [[Red Fort]]), opium and alkaloid extraction units, nuclear power plants, and space establishments.The CISF also specialises in VIP security and disaster management. Currently, it performs a wide range of duties related to internal security, election security, anti-Naxal operations, and any other tasks assigned to it by the Government of India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=CISF Act &amp;#124; CISF | url=https://www.cisf.gov.in/cisfeng/cisf-act-2/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Structure and organisation==<br /> [[File:The Union Home Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh presenting the medals and awards to CISF personnel, during the 49th Raising Day Parade of the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF), in Ghaziabad on March 10, 2018.jpg|alt=|thumb|Union Home Minister, Rajnath Singh, presenting decorations to CISF personnel in Ghaziabad]]<br /> The CISF is headed by an [[Indian Police Service]] officer with the rank of Director-General, assisted by an IPS officer in the rank of Addl. Director-General. The force is divided into Nine Sectors (Airport, North, North-East, East, West, South, Training, South-East, Central) and also has a Fire Service Wing.<br /> <br /> The Airport Sector is commanded by an IPS officer in the rank of Addl. Director-General, assisted by an Inspector-General. The Airport Sector is divided into a number of Field Formation Units, one for each airport. Units at major international airports are commanded by a Deputy Inspector-General or Commandant; units at smaller airports by a Deputy or Assistant Commandant. The other six Sectors are each commanded by an Inspector-General, who is assisted by a Deputy Inspector-General.<br /> <br /> The seven regional Sectors are divided into Zones, each commanded by a Deputy Inspector-General. Within each Zone are a number of Units, each under the command of a Commandant, or a DIG for certain major Units. A Deputy Commandant serves as the second-in-command of most units, or as the head of a smaller unit. Within the Training Sector, the [[National Industrial Security Academy]] (NISA) is headed by an Inspector-General; the Fire Service Training Institute (FSTI) and six other recruit training centres are headed by Deputy Inspectors General.<br /> <br /> The Financial Adviser of the CISF has been an [[Indian Revenue Service]] officer of the rank of Director and also has Dy Advisers from the Indian Audit and Accounts Service and Indian Civil Account Service.<br /> <br /> ===Rank structure===<br /> {{main|List of police ranks in India}}<br /> {{main|Indian Police Service}}<br /> Being a central Indian police agency and having high presence of [[Indian Police Service]] officers, CISF follows ranks and insignia similar to other police organisations in India. Non-gazetted (enrolled) officers and members use the same ranks as other Indian police forces.<br /> <br /> ;Officers<br /> {| style=&quot;border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;&quot;<br /> {{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armed Forces/OF/Blank}}<br /> {{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OF/India (CISF)}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ;Enlisted ranks<br /> {| style=&quot;border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;&quot;<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#ccc;&quot;<br /> {{Ranks and Insignia of Indian forces/OR/Blank}}<br /> {{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OR/India (CISF)}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==CISF protection to Non-Nationalised Industry==<br /> <br /> The Indian Parliament on 25 February 2009, authorised the provision of Central Industrial Security Force security to private and cooperative establishments across the country for a fee with the passage of the CISF (Amendment) Bill, 2008.<br /> <br /> The Bill, which was passed by [[Rajya Sabha]] on 19 February and [[Lok Sabha]] on 25 February 2009, also provides for deployment of CISF to protect Indian missions abroad and its participation in the UN peacekeeping operations.<br /> <br /> CISF started providing security to the [[Infosys]] [[Bengaluru]] campus on 31 July 2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/08/01/stories/2009080157301800.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090803023437/http://www.hindu.com/2009/08/01/stories/2009080157301800.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 August 2009 |title=Infosys gets CISF cover |date=1 August 2009 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=20 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Infosys]] in [[Mysuru]], the [[Jamnagar Refinery|Reliance Jamnagar Refinery]] and the Delhi Metro Airport Express Line are in the list of private sector establishments placed under CISF cover. Manish Kumar Rai, Assistant Commandant, led the first contingent of CISF deployed at Infosys Bengaluru.<br /> <br /> CISF has also started providing security to the Infosys [[Pune]] campus from 21 April 2011.<br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=PTI |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/info-tech/article1714840.ece |title=Business Line : Industry &amp; Economy / Info-tech : Infosys' Pune campus gets CISF cover |publisher=Thehindubusinessline.com |access-date=20 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2016, the Patanjali Food and Herbal Park received 35 full-time, armed Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) commandos. The park was the eighth private institute in India to be guarded by paramilitary CISF forces.<br /> <br /> ==Major Subunits==<br /> === Airport security ===<br /> {{main|Airport Sector (CISF)}}<br /> The Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) is responsible for security at [[List of airports in India|all commercial airports in India]], that is handled by specialized [[Airport Sector (CISF)|Airport Sector]], which oversees aviation security operations across the country. Airport security was previously handled by state-controlled airport police. The idea of transferring this responsibility to the CISF was first raised after the [[Indian Airlines Flight 814|1999 hijacking of Indian Airlines Flight 814]], though it remained dormant for two years.<br /> <br /> In the wake of the [[9/11 terrorist attacks]] in the [[United States]], the [[Government of India]] moved to strengthen aviation security and formally adopted the proposal to deploy the CISF at airports. [[Jaipur Airport]] became the first to come under CISF control on 3 February 2000, and most other commercial airports soon followed.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Subhro Niyogi and Soma Ghosh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata-/Mid-November-target-for-CISF-takeover-of-airport/articleshow/757802279.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018190936/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-10-24/kolkata/27235118_1_cisf-airport-security-airport-premises |url-status=live |archive-date=18 October 2012 |title=Mid-November target for CISF takeover of airport-Kolkata-Cities |date=24 October 2001 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=20 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As of February 2023, the CISF provides security at 66 international and domestic airports across the country.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1896652 |title=CISF is deployed at 66 airports for providing security |date=6 February 2023 |website=pib.gov.in |publisher=Press Information Bureau |access-date=21 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=7 February 2023 |title=CISF personnel deployed at 66 airports to provide security to the facilities and installations: Mos Civil Aviation |url=https://travel.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/aviation/domestic/cisf-personnel-deployed-at-66-airports-to-provide-security-to-the-facilities-and-installations-mos-civil-aviation/97686713 |work=ANI |location=New Delhi |access-date=21 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===CISF Unit Delhi Metro Rail Corporation===<br /> Security on the [[Delhi Metro]] is provided and handled by the [[CISF Unit Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]], which assumed responsibility from the [[Delhi Police]] in 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=PTI<br /> |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/CISF-to-take-over-Delhi-Metro-security/articleshow/1730990.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103182406/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-03-07/india/27875703_1_cisf-delhi-metro-baggage |url-status=live |archive-date=3 November 2012 |title=CISF to take over Delhi Metro security |date=7 March 2007 |work=[[The Times of India]]<br /> |access-date=20 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; It oversees an extensive surveillance system, with feeds reviewed in real time by both CISF and Metro control rooms. More than 3,500 CISF personnel are deployed across the network, supported by metal detectors, X-ray baggage scanners, and dog squads. Each train car is equipped with an intercom for emergency communication with the driver, and regular security drills are conducted to ensure operational preparedness.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Megha Suri Singh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Moscow-blasts-put-Metro-security-in-alert-mode/articleshow/5740559.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103182411/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-30/delhi/28140741_1_metro-stations-delhi-metro-metro-security |url-status=live |archive-date=3 November 2012 |title=Moscow blasts put Metro security in alert mode |date=30 March 2010 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=20 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=TNN |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Mock-drills-at-4-Metro-stations/articleshow/5724920.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103182417/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-26/delhi/28141931_1_drills-metro-stations-disaster-preparedness |url-status=live |archive-date=3 November 2012 |title=Mock drills at 4 Metro stations |date=26 March 2010 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=20 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Parliament Security===<br /> From 20 May 2024 onwards, the CISF has been entrusted with the responsibility of securing the entire Parliament House complex, including both the [[Old Parliament House, New Delhi|old]] and [[Parliament House, New Delhi|present Parliament buildings]] following the withdrawal of Parliamentary Duty Group (PDG) personnel of the [[Central Reserve Police Force|CRPF]] and [[Delhi Police]] due to a recent security breach. To enhance the complex’s security architecture, the CISF has implemented an upgraded framework, that covers access control, perimeter &amp; internal security, counter-terror preparedness, and emergency response.<br /> <br /> Over 3,300 personnel are deployed with advanced screening systems and specialised training in [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|Drone]], [[Computer security|Cyber]], [[CBRN]] and NSG/Army modules.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author= Indian Express|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/3300-cisf-parliament-security-crpf-exit-9341041/|title= CISF took over Parliament Security|work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=20 May 2024 |access-date= 20 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Fire Wing===<br /> In addition to providing protection, safety, and security to industrial undertakings, the CISF also offers specialized protection against fire hazards. It is the only [[Central Armed Police Forces|Central Armed Police Force]] with a full-fledged fire service wing, which is also the largest fire-fighting force in the country. The CISF’s first fire unit, comprising 53 personnel, was inducted at [[Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore]], [[Kochi]], on 16 April 1970, following recommendations by a commission led by Justice B. Mukherjee that investigated a major fire at the [[Heavy Engineering Corporation]] plant in [[Ranchi]] on 29 January 1970.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/58147/1/copu_05_13_1971.pdf |title=Action Taken by Government on the Recommendations contained in the Fourteenth Report of the Committee on Public Undertakings (Fourth Lok Sabha) |date=1 April 1972 |website=eparlib.nic.in |publisher=Committee on Public Undertakings, Parliament of India |access-date=21 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> In January 1991, the [[Government of India]] approved recruitment rules for various posts to establish a dedicated fire service cadre within the CISF, which formally began functioning on 12 January 1991. As of 31 March 2020, the fire wing has been inducted into 104 units and has a total strength of 8,482 personnel.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cisf.gov.in/cisfeng/fire/ |title= Fire Wing |website= cisf.gov.in |publisher= CISF |access-date= 21 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/AnnualReport_19_20.pdf |title= Annual Report Ministry of Home Affairs 2019-2020 |website= mha.gov.in |publisher= MHA |page= 138 |access-date= 21 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Seaport security ===<br /> The Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) has been tasked to take over the security of all the [[ports in India]]. As of 2026, the CISF already provides the security of 12 major ports across India, and over 200 other non-major ports, 78 of which handle export-import operations, are protected by the respective [[Police forces of the states and union territories of India|State Police Forces]]. On 19 January, CISF [[Director general of police|Director General]], [[Praveer Ranjan]] said that the responsibility of these additional 78 ports will be transferred to the force. The [[Union Home Minister]], [[Amit Shah]], also recently chaired a meeting to take up the case of vessels and port security.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Mayank |date=2026-01-19 |title=CISF to take over security of all sea ports; govt approves airport-like hybrid arrangements |url=https://theprint.in/defence/cisf-to-take-over-security-of-all-sea-ports-govt-approves-airport-like-hybrid-arrangements/2831206/ |access-date=2026-01-27 |work=[[ThePrint]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> The force will establish a dedicated &quot;vertical for seaports&quot; in line with the Airport Sector arrangement. A Bureau of Port Security (BoPS) will also be established as a [[statutory body]] on the lines of the [[Bureau of Civil Aviation Security]] (BCAS). The new units will require 12,000 personnel, and their recruitment and training for the specific requirements have been approved by the government. The force is now preparing an action plan. A dedicated training centre is being considered at a maritime institute at the [[Okha Port]], [[Gujarat]], where personnel will be trained before deployment. The operations will follow a hybrid model similar to the one adopted in airport security, where the operations are divided into core and non-core functions.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> A committee headed by [[Additional director general of police|Additional Director General]] Sudhir Kumar has submitted a six-point set of recommendations to the government, which suggests the formation of the Recognised Security Organisation (RSO). The RSO will be tasked with the security assessment and planning of each port. These functions were earlier carried out by private agencies. The government has also accepted the recommendation to lay out different standards of security based on the category of port. The report also suggests the deployment of a drive-through container scanning system at these ports. Jab moments should be monitored by the Integrated [[Command and Control]] Centre (ICCC).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Special Security Group===<br /> [[File:Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Security Personnel with convoy.jpg|alt=|thumb|The Prime Minister's Security personnel, which includes SSG members.]]<br /> In 2006, Central Industrial Security Force (CISF), on the basis of recommendations of the [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]], raised a special unit called Special Security Group (SSG) to provide security cover to people nominated by the Home Ministry. It came into existence on 17 November 2006. This unit is responsible for providing physical protection, evacuation, mobile and static security cover to persons who have been nominated by the Home Ministry.&lt;ref name=&quot; Ministry of Home Affairs Annual Report 2015-2016&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=MHA|title=Ministry of Home Affairs Annual Report 2015-2016|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/AR%28E%291516.pdf|access-date=30 May 2016|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs|date=2016|location=New Delhi|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625213524/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/AR(E)1516.pdf|archive-date=25 June 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{rp|para 2.129}} For a person to be eligible for security cover by CISF special unit, the intelligence bureau and other secret police agencies are required to specify the danger after a detailed 'threat analysis', which are often fudged for political and other considerations.&lt;ref name=&quot;Staggering rise in VIP protectee list: 454 people in 2016 &quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1= Ahuja|first1=Rajesh |title=Staggering rise in VIP protectee list: 454 people in 2016 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/staggering-rise-in-vip-protectee-list-454-people-in-2016/story-HamIRQTpG9yXOGR39PNHDP.html|access-date=30 May 2016|publisher=Hindustan Times|date=29 May 2016|location=New Delhi|language=en }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Centre removes CISF security cover to Amar Singh&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=DNA|title=Centre removes CISF security cover to Amar Singh|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-centre-removes-cisf-security-cover-to-amar-singh-2224121|access-date=19 June 2016|publisher=DNA|date=15 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; In addition to CISF the Government also utilizes CRPF for personal security cover.<br /> <br /> ==Women in CISF==<br /> *Initially the recruitment and posting of Personnel to the CISF was restricted to men. In the year 1992, [[Mrs.]] [[Asha Sinha]] earned the distinction of being the First Woman Commandant of a [[Central Armed Police Forces]] in India when she was posted as Commandant, [[Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited]]. Earlier the role of Women was allowed but limited to supervisory roles in the Central Armed Police Forces which includes the CISF.&lt;ref name=&quot;economictimes.indiatimes.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/government-allows-women-to-be-combat-officers-in-all-central-armed-police-forces/articleshow/51380021.cms|title = Government allows women to be combat officers in all Central Armed Police Forces|newspaper = The Economic Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Parliamentary Committees of India]] for women's empowerment recommended greater roles for women in the CAPF including CISF. On these recommendations the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)]] declared reservation for women in constabulary in paramilitary forces, and later declared that they can also be inducted as officers in combat roles in all five Central Armed Police Forces.&lt;ref name=&quot;economictimes.indiatimes.com&quot;/&gt;<br /> *The Union Home Minister announced that women's representation in the CRPF and CISF would be made 15 per cent.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/women-quota-in-crpf-cisf-to-be-made-15-per-cent/cid/1681181|title=Women quota in CRPF, CISF to be made 15 per cent}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 5 January 2016, it was decided that 33 per cent posts at the constabulary level would be reserved for women in the CRPF and the CISF in a phased manner. The CISF is increasing the engagement of women at positions where there is greater Civilian-Police Interaction, specially in the Airports and the Metro Stations.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/lFSQdbCGziERnrTywVZeJN/CISF-to-deploy-more-women-personnel-on-Delhi-Metro.html|title = CISF to deploy more women personnel on Delhi Metro|date = 13 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/news/cisf-inducts-1600-women-constables|title = CISF Inducts 1,600 Women Constables, to be Posted at Delhi Metro, Airport . Presently 6.5% woman are in CISF- SheThePeople TV| date=6 March 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Overseas Deployment==<br /> A contingent of the CISF was deployed at [[United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti|United Nations Stabilizations Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH)]] / [[United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti|United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti (MINUJUSTH)]] since 17 August 2008. It was repatriated to India on 31 December 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/AnnualReport_19_20.pdf |title= Annual Report Ministry of Home Affairs 2019-2020 |website= mha.gov.in |publisher=MHA |access-date= 5 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 17 July 2024, the CISF deployed officers alongside the CRPF, SSB, ITBP, NSG and the Assam Rifles to provide security assistance to the [[Police Nationale]] and [[Gendarmerie Nationale (France)|Gendarmerie Nationale]] for the 2024 Olympics in Paris.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/indian-capf-special-forces-canine-squad-in-france-for-olympics-venue-security/articleshow/111803465.cms | title=Indian CAPF, special forces canine squad in France for Olympics venue security | newspaper=The Economic Times | date=17 July 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]<br /> * [[Border Security Force]]<br /> * [[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]]<br /> * [[Central Reserve Police Force]]<br /> * [[Sashastra Seema Bal]]<br /> * [[Security categories in India]]<br /> * [[Assam Rifles]]<br /> * [[National Security Guard]]<br /> * [[Border outpost]]<br /> * [[Security police]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{commons category|Central Industrial Security Force}}<br /> * {{Official website|http://cisf.gov.in/}}<br /> <br /> {{Home Ministry (India)}}<br /> {{Law enforcement agencies of India}}<br /> {{India topics}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Central Industrial Security Force| ]]<br /> [[Category:1969 establishments in Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:Government agencies established in 1969]]<br /> [[Category:Federal law enforcement agencies of India]]<br /> [[Category:Specialist law enforcement agencies of India]]<br /> [[Category:Central Armed Police Forces of India]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bonded_Labour_System_(Abolition)_Act,_1976&diff=492171 2026-03-25T23:49:39Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian Act to abolish bonded slavery}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox legislation<br /> | short_title = Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976<br /> | long_title = An Act to provide for the abolition of bonded labour system with a view to preventing the economic and physical exploitation of the weaker sections of the people and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.<br /> | citation = Act 19 of 1976<br /> | territorial_extent = Whole of India<br /> | enacted_by = [[Parliament of India]]<br /> | date_enacted = 9 February 1976<br /> | date_assented = 9 February 1976<br /> | date_commenced = <br /> | date_effective = 25 October 1975<br /> | status = in force<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976''' is an Act of the [[Parliament of India]] aimed at abolishing the [[Debt bondage in India|bonded labour system]]. The Act was enacted on 9 February 1976 but was deemed to have come into force on 25 October 1975, the date on which the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Ordinance, 1975 was promulgated.&lt;ref name=&quot;IndiaCodeAct&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=The Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976 |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/1491/1/197619.pdf |access-date=19 May 2024 |website=India Code}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bonded Labour Ministry of Labour &amp; Employment {{!}} Government of India |url=https://labour.gov.in/bonded-labour |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=labour.gov.in |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Act freed unilaterally all the bonded labourers from bondage and erased their debts. Further, the practice of bondage was made a cognizable offence punishable by law.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; The Act is a landmark piece of legislation in India's efforts to combat forced labour, which is prohibited under Article 23 of the [[Constitution of India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NHRCAct&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=The Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976 And the Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act |url=https://nhrc.nic.in/sites/default/files/Bonded%20Labour.pdf |access-date=19 May 2024 |website=National Human Rights Commission India |format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Article 23: Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour |url=https://www.constitutionofindia.net/articles/article-23-prohibition-of-traffic-in-human-beings-and-forced-labour/ |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Constitution of India |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Background ==<br /> {{Main article|Debt bondage in India}}<br /> <br /> The practice of bonded labour, a system where a debtor enters into an agreement with a creditor to render services (either by themselves or through family members) for a specified or unspecified period for nominal or no wages as repayment of a debt, has deep historical roots in India, often linked to social structures like the [[Caste system in India|caste system]] and rural indebtedness.&lt;ref name=&quot;ILOBondedLabourIndia&quot; /&gt; Interest structures were typically usurious and interest often exceeded effective wages earned. Further, because of illiteracy and social backwardness of debtors, the debt may pass to future generations contributing to [[extreme poverty]] under this system.<br /> <br /> == Key objective ==<br /> The primary objective of the Act is:&lt;ref name=&quot;IndiaCodeAct&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Quote|text=to provide for the abolition of bonded labour system with a view to preventing the economic and physical exploitation of the weaker sections of the people and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.}}<br /> <br /> The Act was preceded by the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Ordinance, 1975, promulgated by the President of India on 24 October 1975, which came into force on 25 October 1975.&lt;ref name=&quot;IndiaCodeAct&quot; /&gt; The Act replaced this ordinance with permanent legislation.<br /> <br /> == Provisions ==<br /> The Act emphasizes the economic and social rehabilitation of freed bonded labourers. To facilitate this, Central Government launched a rehabilitation scheme in May 1978, which was subsequently updated in 2016 and 2021. The schemes provide financial assistance as well as provisions for surveys, evaluatory studies, and awareness generation activities.<br /> <br /> The primary responsibility for implementing the Act lies with the State Governments.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Aftermath ==<br /> While the act legally abolished the system and freed individuals from bondage debts, the practice of bonded labour continues to persist in various forms across different sectors, including agriculture, brick kilns, stone quarries, mining, and domestic work.&lt;ref name=&quot;NHRCAct&quot; /&gt; Difficulties in accurately identifying bonded labourers, weak enforcement and inadequate legal oversight, ineffective rehabilitation, and emergence of new and disguised forms of bonded labour, particularly involving [[Migrant workers in India|migrant workers]] and informal sectors have contributed to the persistence of the practice.&lt;ref name=&quot;CambridgeHRWBook&quot;&gt;{{cite book |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/human-rights-and-law/problems-in-the-implementation-of-bonded-labour-system-abolition-act-1976/B2E44FCCAE60980B249C1773D703AC0D |title=Human Rights and Law |date=26 October 2011 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |chapter=Problems in the Implementation of Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976 |access-date=19 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HRWSmallChange&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=January 2003 |title=Small Change: Bonded Child Labor in India's Silk Industry |url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/india/India0103-01.htm |access-date=19 May 2024 |website=Human Rights Watch}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ILOBondedLabourIndia&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Bonded labour in India: its incidence and pattern |url=https://www.ilo.org/sites/default/files/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_norm/@declaration/documents/publication/wcms_081967.pdf |access-date=19 May 2024 |website=International Labour Organization |format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Socio-economic factors like [[Poverty in India|poverty]], landlessness, [[Caste discrimination in India|caste discrimination]], and lack of access to formal credit continue to drive people into bondage.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Finn |first=Devin |date=2008-01-01 |title=Bonded Labor in India |url=https://digitalcommons.du.edu/hrhw/vol8/iss1/28/ |journal=Human Rights &amp; Human Welfare |volume=8 |issue=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[National Human Rights Commission of India]] (NHRC) has been actively involved in monitoring the implementation of the Act since 1997.&lt;ref name=&quot;lawjournalsanalysis&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |year=2022 |title=Critical Analysis of Bonded Labour system in India |url=https://lawjournals.celnet.in/index.php/jlil/article/view/1075 |journal=National Journal of Labour and Industrial Law |volume=5 |issue=1 |access-date=19 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;<br /> [[Category:Abolitionism in Asia]]<br /> [[Category:Debt bondage in India]]<br /> [[Category:Acts of the Parliament of India 1976]]<br /> [[Category:Slavery in India]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=P._K._Radhamani&diff=523365 2026-03-24T14:55:07Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian translator (born 1952)}}<br /> {{Infobox writer<br /> | name = P. K. Radhamani<br /> | image = <br /> | imagesize = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_name = <br /> | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1952}}<br /> | birth_place = Vaka, [[Thrissur District]], [[Travancore–Cochin]]<br /> | death_place = <br /> | death_date = <br /> | nationality = Indian<br /> | alma_mater = [[University of Calicut]]<br /> | occupation = Translator<br /> | movement = <br /> | notable_works = <br /> | spouse = C.P. Karunan<br /> | children = 2<br /> | awards = [[Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize]]<br /> | influences = <br /> | signature = <br /> }}<br /> '''P. K. Radhamani''' is an Indian translator from [[Kerala]]. She has translated several works from [[Hindi]] to [[Malayalam]] and from Malayalam to Hindi. She won the 2023 [[Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize]] for the translation of Hindi writer [[Amrita Pritam]]'s autobiography ''Aksharon Ke Saye'' into Malayalam as ''Aksharangalute Nizhalil''.<br /> <br /> ==Early life and education==<br /> P. K. Radhamani was born in 1952 in Vaka in present-day Thrissur district of Kerala to P. R. Sarojini and P. K. Krishnan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Keralaliterature&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=ഡോ.രാധാമണി.പി.കെ |url=https://keralaliterature.com/malayalam-writers-%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82-%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF-%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF-%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%86-radhamani-p-k/ |website=Keralaliterature.com |date=14 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; She studied at Malathi U. P. School, Vaka, St. Francis High School, Mattam and Little Flower College, Guruvayur.&lt;ref name=&quot;Keralaliterature&quot;/&gt; In 1971, she came to Kozhikode from Thrissur to study in the first Hindi batch of [[University of Calicut]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Mathrubhumi&quot;/&gt; She did her Ph. D. under the supervision of Dr. Malik Mohammed.&lt;ref name=&quot;Keralaliterature&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> She was a Hindi teacher at [[Zamorin's Guruvayurappan College]], Kozhikode from 1975 to 1987.&lt;ref name=&quot;Keralaliterature&quot;/&gt; In 1987, she joined [[Malabar Christian College]], Kozhikode, from where she retired as the head of the Hindi Department in 2007.&lt;ref name=&quot;Keralaliterature&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mathrubhumi&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=അക്ഷരങ്ങളുടെ നിഴലിൽനിന്ന് അവാർഡിന്റെ വെളിച്ചത്തിലേക്ക് ഡോ. പി.കെ. രാധാമണി |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/literature/news/p-k-radhamani-winner-of-kendra-sahitya-akademi-translation-award-2023-1.9399821 |work=[[Mathrubhumi]] |date=12 March 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Her husband Karunan died within a month of her retirement from service in 2007. She says she turned to writing and reading to overcome the loneliness created by this death.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mathrubhumi&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The first published writing was a memoir written after the death of Shantha Rajagopal, an English teacher and close friend at Guruvayoorappan College.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mathrubhumi&quot;/&gt; The first translation was [[Padmarajan|P. Padmarajan]]'s short novel 'Savavahananamnum Thedi'.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mathrubhumi&quot;/&gt; Since then, 22 books have been published up to 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mathrubhumi&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Radhamani translated [[M. T. Vasudevan Nair]]'s ''Asuravith'' into Hindi under the title ''Shaitan ki Aulaad'', [[M. P. Veerendra Kumar]]'s ''Haimavatabhoovil'' under the title ''Vadiya Bulatihai Himalaya Ki'' and [[K. P. Ramanunni]]'s ''Sufi Paranja Katha'' under the title ''Kahani Sufiki Jabani''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mathrubhumi&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Radhamani has translated stories from 22 Indian languages into Malayalam under the title ''Katha Bharatham'', and also translated [[Ravindra Kalia]]'s autobiography ''Ghalib Chuttisharab'' into Malayalam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mathrubhumi&quot;/&gt; The book ''Guru Dutt: Urakkamillathavante Katha'' is a translation into Malayalam of Bengali writer [[Bimal Mitra]]'s memoirs about Indian filmmaker [[Guru Dutt]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MARC details for record no. 707659 › Kerala University Library catalog |url=http://campuslib.keralauniversity.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-MARCdetail.pl?biblionumber=707659 |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=campuslib.keralauniversity.ac.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; Radhamani has translated Pradip Bihari's [[Sahitya Akademi Award]]-winning collection of [[Maithili language]] short stories into Malayalam under the title ''Bandhangal''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bandhangal / Pradip Bihari; translated by P. K. Radhamani |url=https://catalogue.statelibrary.kerala.gov.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=332214}}&lt;/ref&gt; This book has been published by [[Sahitya Akademi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In addition to her translated works, she has also written a travelogue titled ''Yatrakal Nattilum Marunattilum'' and an autobiographical work titled ''Ezhutum Jeevitum''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mathrubhumi&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> Her husband C.P. Karunan was a lecturer at Malabar Christian College where she also worked.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mathrubhumi&quot;/&gt; The couple have two children. Their elder son, Nithin Karun, is a doctor at Kozhikode Medical College, and the younger son, Bipin Karun, is a businessman in Kozhikode.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mathrubhumi&quot;/&gt; She currently lives near Malabar Christian College in Kozhikode.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mathrubhumi&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Awards and honors==<br /> For the translation of Hindi writer [[Amrita Pritam]]'s autobiography ''Aksharon Ke Saye'' into Malayalam as ''Aksharangalute Nizhalil'', Radhamani won the [[Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize|Sahitya Akademi Award for Translation]] for the year 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=SAHITYA AKADEMI PRIZE FOR TRANSLATION 2023 |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2013527 |publisher=Press information bureau, Government of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Selected works ==<br /> *{{cite book |title=Jnanapeeda Puraskara Jethakkal |date=2004 |publisher=Cultural Publications Department, Government of Kerala |location=Thiruvananthapuram |isbn=8188087181}}<br /> <br /> ===Translations===<br /> ====Into Malayalam====<br /> *{{cite book |title=Tamil Kathakal |publisher=Poorna Publications |year=2022 |isbn=9788194378853}}<br /> *{{cite book |title=Maithili Kathakal |publisher=Poorna Publications |year=2023 |isbn=978-8130026244}}<br /> *{{cite book |title=Maayi |date=26 November 2024 |publisher=Mathrubhumi Books |isbn=9789359629018}}<br /> *{{cite book |title=Gurudutt : Urakkamillathavante Katha |date=30 July 2024 |publisher=Mathrubhumi Books |isbn=9789359623801}}<br /> *{{cite book |title=Katha Bharatham |date=1 January 2012 |publisher=Mathrubhumi Books |isbn=978-81-8265-413-6}}<br /> *{{cite book |title=Bandhangal |publisher=Sahithya Akademi |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788126046775}}<br /> <br /> ====Into Hindi====<br /> *{{cite book |title=Shree narayan guru:samajik jagaran ke agradoot |year=2017 |publisher=Sastha Sahitya mandal prakashan |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-8173099731}}<br /> *{{cite book |title=Pratinidhi Malyalam Kahaniyan |year=2012 |publisher=Sastha Sahitya mandal prakashan |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788173096570}}<br /> *{{cite book |title=Keraleey Navajagaran Ke Agradooth |year=2022 |publisher=Sastha Sahitya mandal prakashan |location=New Delhi |isbn=9789390872046}}<br /> *{{cite book |title=Prathinithi Malayala Kahaniyam |year=2012 |publisher=Sastha Sahitya mandal prakashan |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788173096587}}<br /> *{{cite book |title=Shaithan Ki Aulath |year=2009 |publisher=Vani prakashan |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788181439512}}<br /> *{{cite book |title=Vadiya Bulatihai Himalaya Ki |publisher=Pathrika Prakashan}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Radhamani, P. K.}}<br /> [[Category:1952 births]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Malayalam]]<br /> [[Category:Translators to Malayalam]]<br /> [[Category:Translators to Hindi]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:University of Calicut alumni]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boys_and_Girls_(2006_film)&diff=492277 2026-03-22T03:00:38Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: Made redirect</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[List of Tamil films of 2006#July — September]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Odissi&diff=469341 2026-03-21T16:29:03Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: </p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Classical dance of India}}<br /> {{Italic title}}<br /> {{Distinguish|text=the [[Odissi music]] and [[Odishi]], a historical district of western Georgia}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=March 2012}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox dance<br /> | name = Odishi<br /> | image = Odissi dance at Nishagandi Dance Festival 2024 (207).jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Odissi performance at Nishagandi Dance Festival 2024 <br /> | native_name = ଓଡ଼ିଶୀ <br /> | etymology = <br /> | genre = [[Indian classical dance]]<br /> | signature = <br /> | instruments = <br /> | inventor = <br /> | year = <br /> | origin = [[Odisha]], [[India]]<br /> }}<br /> {{Hinduism}}<br /> <br /> '''''Odissi''''' ({{langx|or|ଓଡ଼ିଶୀ}}) also referred to as '''''Orissi''''' in old literature, oldest surviving classical dance of India, is a major ancient [[Indian classical dance]] that originated in the [[Hindu temple|temple]]s of [[Odisha]] – an eastern coastal state of [[India]].&lt;ref name=britannicaodis&gt;[https://www.britannica.com/art/odissi Odissi] ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' (2013)&lt;/ref&gt;{{Sfn|Williams|2004|pp=83–84, the other major classical Indian dances are: Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kuchipudi, Kathakali, Manipuri, Chhau, Satriya, Yaksagana and Bhagavata Mela}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Guidelines for Sangeet Natak Akademi Ratna and Akademi Puraskar|url=http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/guide-snaawards.htm |access-date=6 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014000750/http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/guide-snaawards.htm |archive-date=14 October 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Odissi, in its history, was performed predominantly by women,&lt;ref name=britannicaodis/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Claus2003p136&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Peter J. Claus|author2=Sarah Diamond|author3=Margaret Ann Mills|title=South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ienxrTPHzzwC |year=2003|publisher=Routledge |isbn= 978-0-415-93919-5 |pages=136 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and expressed [[religious]] stories and spiritual ideas, particularly of [[Vaishnavism]] through songs written and composed according to the ''ragas'' &amp; ''talas'' of [[Odissi music]] by ancient poets of the state. Odissi performances have also expressed ideas of other traditions such as those related to Hindu deities [[Shiva]] and [[Surya]], as well as Hindu goddesses ([[Shaktism]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;KothariPasricha1990p41&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Sunil Kothari|author2=Avinash Pasricha|title=Odissi, Indian classical dance art |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_0MAQAAMAAJ |year=1990|publisher=Marg Publications|isbn=978-81-85026-13-8|pages=4–6, 41 }}, '''Quote:''' &quot;There are other temples too in Odisha where the ''maharis'' used to dance. Besides the temple of Lord Jagannatha, ''maharis'' were employed in temples dedicated to Shiva and Shakti.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The theoretical foundations of Odissi trace to the ancient Sanskrit text ''[[Natya Shastra]]'', its existence in antiquity evidenced by the dance poses in the sculptures of [[Kalinga architecture|Kalingan temples]],&lt;ref name=&quot;britannicaodis&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lochtefeld2002p483&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=James G. Lochtefeld|title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g6FsB3psOTIC |year=2002| publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-8239-3180-4 |pages=484–485 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and archeological sites related to [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]] and [[Jainism]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Schechner65&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Richard Schechner |title=Between Theater and Anthropology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DoEaulAxbu8C&amp;pg=PA65 |year=2010|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |isbn=978-0-8122-0092-8 |pages=65–66}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;kyriakidis155&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KothariPasricha1990p12&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Sunil Kothari|author2=Avinash Pasricha|title=Odissi, Indian classical dance art |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_0MAQAAMAAJ |year=1990|publisher=Marg Publications|isbn=978-81-85026-13-8|pages=9–10, 12}}, '''Quote:''' The art of dance and maasic suffered on account of political instability, the Muslim invasion, the desecration of the temples and the loss of independence, the lack of patronage to both the ''maharis'' and the ''gotipua'' dancers...&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; It was suppressed under [[British Rule]].{{Sfn|Ragini Devi|1990|pp=47–49}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Carter2013p145&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Alexandra Carter|title=Rethinking Dance History: A Reader|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jYaMAQAAQBAJ |year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-48500-8|pages=144–145 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The suppression was protested by the Indians, followed by its revival, reconstruction and expansion since [[India]] gained independence from the colonial rule.&lt;ref name=&quot;kyriakidis155&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Evangelos Kyriakidis|title=The archaeology of ritual|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e34KAQAAMAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California Press|isbn=978-1-931745-48-2|pages=155–158}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Odissi is traditionally a dance-drama genre of [[performance art]], where the artist(s) and musicians play out a story, a spiritual message or devotional poem from the [[Hindu texts]], using symbolic costumes,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Stephanie Arnold|title=The Creative Spirit: An Introduction to Theatre|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pn1zCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA9 |year=2014|publisher=McGraw Hill |isbn=978-0-07-777389-2 |pages=9 }}&lt;/ref&gt; body movement, ''[[abhinaya]]'' (expressions) and ''[[mudra]]s'' (gestures and [[sign language]]) set out in ancient Sanskrit literature.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Sunil Kothari|author2=Avinash Pasricha|title=Odissi, Indian classical dance art |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_0MAQAAMAAJ |year=1990|publisher=Marg Publications|isbn=978-81-85026-13-8|pages=1–4, 76–77}}&lt;/ref&gt; Classical Odia literature &amp; the [[Gitagovinda|Gita Govinda]] set to traditional [[Odissi music]] are used for the ''abhinaya''. Odissi is learnt and performed as a composite of basic dance motif called the ''[[Tribhanga|Bhangas]]'' (symmetric body bends, stance). It involves lower (footwork), mid (torso) and upper (hand and head) body as three sources of perfecting expression and audience engagement with geometric symmetry and rhythmic musical resonance.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Sunil Kothari|author2=Avinash Pasricha|title=Odissi, Indian classical dance art |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_0MAQAAMAAJ |year=1990|publisher=Marg Publications|isbn=978-81-85026-13-8|pages=50}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Vatsyayan1983p57&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Kapila Vatsyayan|title=The square and the circle of the Indian arts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2sKfAAAAMAAJ|year=1983|publisher=Roli Books International|pages=57–58}}&lt;/ref&gt; An Odissi performance repertoire includes invocation, ''nritta'' (pure dance), ''nritya'' (expressive dance), ''natya'' (dance drama) and ''moksha'' (dance climax connoting salvation of the [[Atman (Hinduism)|soul]] and spiritual release).&lt;ref name=&quot;NettlStone1998p520 &quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=aroyo267/&gt;<br /> <br /> Traditional Odissi exists in two major styles, the first perfected by women and focussed on solemn, [[Mahari dance|spiritual temple dance (''maharis'')]]; the second perfected by [[Gotipua|boys dressed as girls (''gotipuas'')]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Axel Michaels|author2=Christoph Wulf|title=Images of the Body in India: South Asian and European Perspectives on Rituals and Performativity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ui2pAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT192 |year=2012|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-70392-8|page=192}}&lt;/ref&gt; which diversified to include athletic and acrobatic moves, and were performed from festive occasions in temples to general folksy entertainment.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lochtefeld2002p483&quot;/&gt; Modern Odissi productions by Indian artists have presented a diverse range of experimental ideas, culture fusion, themes and plays.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Ian Watson|title=Towards a Third Theatre: Eugenio Barba and the Odin Teatret|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ChGGAgAAQBAJ |year=2003|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-79755-4 |pages=xii–xiii }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Odissi was the only Indian dance form present in [[Michael Jackson]]'s 1991 hit single &quot;[[Black or White]]&quot;.<br /> <br /> ==History of Odissi==<br /> The foundations of Odissi are found in ''[[Natya Shastra]]'', the ancient Hindu Sanskrit text of performance arts.&lt;ref name=&quot;KothariPasricha1990p32&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Sunil Kothari|author2=Avinash Pasricha|title=Odissi, Indian classical dance art |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_0MAQAAMAAJ |year=1990|publisher=Marg Publications|isbn=978-81-85026-13-8|pages=32–33, 48–49, 68 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kuiper2010p278&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Kathleen Kuiper|title=The Culture of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c8PJFLeURhsC&amp;pg=PA278 |year=2010|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-61530-149-2 |pages=278 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The basic dance units described in the ''Natya Shastra'', all 108 of them, are identical to those in Odissi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kuiper2010p278&quot;/&gt; The text is attributed to the ancient scholar [[Bharata Muni]], and its first complete compilation is dated to between 200&amp;nbsp;BCE and 200&amp;nbsp;CE,{{Sfn|Natalia Lidova|2014}}{{Sfn|Tarla Mehta|1995|pp=xxiv, 19–20}} but estimates vary between 500&amp;nbsp;BCE and 500&amp;nbsp;CE.{{Sfn|Wallace Dace|1963|p=249}} The most studied version of the Natya Shastra text consists of about 6000 verses structured into 36 chapters.{{Sfn|Natalia Lidova|2014}}{{Sfn|Emmie Te Nijenhuis|1974|pp=1–25}} The text, states Natalia Lidova, describes the theory of Tāṇḍava dance ([[Shiva]]), the theory of rasa, of bhāva, expression, gestures, acting techniques, basic steps, standing postures – all of which are part of Indian classical dances.{{Sfn|Natalia Lidova|2014}}{{Sfn|Kapila Vatsyayan|2001}} Dance and performance arts, states this ancient text,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Guy L. Beck|title=Sonic Liturgy: Ritual and Music in Hindu Tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UzUMCAAAQBAJ |year=2012|publisher=University of South Carolina Press|isbn=978-1-61117-108-2|pages=138–139 |quote='''Quote:''' &quot;A summation of the signal importance of the Natyasastra for Hindu religion and culture has been provided by Susan Schwartz, &quot;In short, the Natyasastra is an exhaustive encyclopedic dissertation of the arts, with an emphasis on performing arts as its central feature. It is also full of invocations to deities, acknowledging the divine origins of the arts and the central role of performance arts in achieving divine goals (...)&quot;.}}&lt;/ref&gt; are a form of expression of spiritual ideas, virtues and the essence of scriptures.&lt;ref name=&quot;mog17&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=The Mirror of Gesture|author=Coormaraswamy and Duggirala|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=1917|page=4|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924012568535#page/n5/mode/2up}}; Also see chapter 36&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Natya Shastra]] refers to four ''pravrittis'' (methods of expressive delivery) in vogue – ''Avanti'', ''Dakshinatya'', ''Panchali'' and ''Odra-Magadhi''; of these, the ''Odra'' refers to Odisha.&lt;ref name=&quot;kothari6&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> More direct historical evidence of dance and music as an ancient performance art are found in archaeological sites such as caves and in temple carvings of [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Konark Sun Temple|Konark]] and [[Puri]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Kuiper2010p278&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Sunil Kothari|author2=Avinash Pasricha|title=Odissi, Indian classical dance art |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_0MAQAAMAAJ |year=1990|publisher=Marg Publications|isbn=978-81-85026-13-8|pages=13–16, 31–32}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Manchapuri cave in [[Udayagiri, Odisha|Udayagiri]] shows carvings of [[:File:Pragya Shaw at Toronto Bihu 2019.jpg|dance]] and musicians, and this has been dated to the time of [[Jainism|Jain]] king [[Kharavela]] in the first or second century BCE. The [[Hathigumpha inscription]]s, also dated to the same ruler, mention music and dance :&lt;ref name=&quot;kothari6&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Sunil Kothari|author2=Avinash Pasricha|title=Odissi, Indian classical dance art |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_0MAQAAMAAJ |year=1990|publisher=Marg Publications|isbn=978-81-85026-13-8|pages=5–6}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Benudhar Patra (2008), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41692117 Merchants, Guilds and Trade in Ancient India: An Odishan Perspective], Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Volume 89, pages 133-168&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote style=&quot;background-color:none;margin-right:5em;margin-left:0em;border-left:solid 6px #FFE0BB;padding:1.0em&quot;&gt;<br /> (he [the king]) versed in the science of the ''Gandharvas'' (i.e., music), entertains the capital with the exhibition of ''dapa'', dancing, singing and instrumental music and by causing to be held festivities and assemblies (samajas)...&lt;/p&gt;<br /> — ''Hathigumpha inscription, Line 5'', ~ 2nd–1st century BCE&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sdstate.edu/projectsouthasia/upload/HathigumphaInscription.pdf Hathigumpha inscription] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232906/http://www.sdstate.edu/projectsouthasia/upload/HathigumphaInscription.pdf |date=3 March 2016 }} South Dakota State University, Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XX (1929–30)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;J. F. Fleet (1910), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/25189732 The Hathigumpha Inscription], The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, (Jul. 1910), Cambridge University Press, pages 824–828&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> &lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> The classical music tradition of Odisha, known as [[Odissi music]], also has ancient roots. Archeologists have reported the discovery of 20-key, carefully shaped polished basalt lithophone in [[Sankarjang]], the highlands of Odisha, which is dated to about 1000 BCE.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author1=P. Yule |author2=M. Bemmann |title=Klangsteine aus Orissa-Die frühesten Musikinstrumente Indiens?|journal=Archaeologia Musicalis|volume=2|issue=1 |year=1988|pages=41–50|url=http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/savifadok/volltexte/2008/177/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Bruno Nettl|author2=Ruth M. Stone|author3=James Porter|display-authors=etal|title=The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOlNv8MAXIEC&amp;pg=PA319 |year=1998|publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis|isbn=978-0-8240-4946-1 |pages=319 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Medieval era===<br /> [[File:Odissi Dancer.jpg|thumb|297x297px|Odissi dancer]]<br /> The [[Hindu]], [[Jain]] and [[Buddhist]] archaeological sites in Odisha state, particularly the Assia range of hills show inscriptions and carvings of dances that are dated to the 6th to 9th century CE. Important sites include the Ranigumpha in Udaygiri, and various caves and temples at Lalitgiri, Ratnagiri and Alatgiri sites. The Buddhist icons, for example, are depicted as dancing gods and goddesses, with Heruka, Vajravarahi, and Marichi in Odissi-like postures.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Sunil Kothari|author2=Avinash Pasricha|title=Odissi, Indian classical dance art |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_0MAQAAMAAJ |year=1990|publisher=Marg Publications|isbn=978-81-85026-13-8|pages=13–15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;DB Mishra (2006), [http://www.orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/may2006/engpdf/22-29.pdf Orissan Inscriptions] Odisha Review&lt;/ref&gt; Historical evidence, states Alexandra Carter, shows that Odissi ''Maharis'' (Hindu temple dancers) and dance halls architecture (''nata-mandapa'') were in vogue at least by the 9th century CE.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Alexandra Carter|title=Rethinking Dance History: A Reader|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jYaMAQAAQBAJ |year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-48500-8|pages=147–148 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> According to [[Kapila Vatsyayan]], the ''Kalpasutra'' of Jainism, in its manuscripts discovered in Gujarat, includes classical Indian dance poses – such as the ''Samapada'', the ''Tribhangi'' and the ''Chauka'' of Odissi. This, states Vatsyayan, suggests that Odissi was admired or at least well known in distant parts of India, far from Odisha in the medieval era, to be included in the margins of an important Jain text.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Kapila Vatsyayan|title=Dance In Indian Painting|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=58fUibaZdGYC|year=1982 |publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-0391022362|pages=73–78 }}&lt;/ref&gt; However, the Jain manuscripts use the dance poses as decorative art in the margins and cover, but do not describe or discuss the dance. Hindu dance texts such as the ''Abhinaya Chandrika'' and ''Abhinaya Darpana'' provide a detailed description of the movements of the feet, hands, the standing postures, the movement and the dance repertoire.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Sunil Kothari|author2=Avinash Pasricha|title=Odissi, Indian classical dance art |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_0MAQAAMAAJ |year=1990|publisher=Marg Publications|isbn=978-81-85026-13-8|pages=66–67}}&lt;/ref&gt; It includes illustrations of the ''karana''s mentioned in ''Natya Shastra''.{{sfn|Reginald Massey|2004|pp=210-212}} Similarly, the illustrated Hindu text on temple architecture from Odisha, the ''Shilpa Prakasha'', deals with Odia architecture and sculpture, and includes Odissi postures.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Alice Boner|author2=Sadāśiva Rath Śarmā|title=Silpa Prakasa Medieval Odishan Sanskrit Text on Temple Architecture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=itQUAAAAIAAJ |year=1966|publisher=Brill Academic|pages=74–80, 52, 154 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Dancing Figures.JPG|thumb|120px|left|Musician and dancer relief at the Konark Sun temple.]]<br /> Actual sculptures that have survived into the modern era and panel [[relief]]s in Odia temples, dated to be from the 10th to 14th century, show Odissi dance. This is evidenced in [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagannatha temple]] in [[Puri]], as well as other temples of [[Vaishnavism]], [[Shaivism]], [[Shaktism]] and Vedic deities such as [[Surya]] (Sun) in Odisha.&lt;ref name=&quot;KothariPasricha1990p41&quot;/&gt; There are several sculptures of dancers and musicians in [[Konark Sun Temple]] and [[Brahmeswara Temple]] in [[Bhubaneswar]].&lt;ref name=britannicaodis/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lochtefeld2002p483&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The composition of the poetic texts by 8th century Shankaracharya and particularly of divine love inspired ''Gitagovinda'' by 12th century Jayadeva influenced the focus and growth of modern Odissi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Verma2011p43&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Archana Verma|title=Performance and Culture: Narrative, Image and Enactment in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iAArBwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA43 |year=2011|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1-4438-2832-1 |pages=43–57 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Odissi was performed in the temples by the dancers called ''Maharis'', who played out these spiritual poems and underlying religious plays, after training and perfecting their art of dance starting from an early age, and who were revered as auspicious to religious services.&lt;ref name=&quot;KothariPasricha1990p41&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Verma2011p43&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Mughal and British period===<br /> After 12th-century, Odia temples, monasteries and nearby institutions such as the [[Puspagiri]] in the eastern Indian subcontinent came under waves of attacks and ransacking by Muslim armies, a turmoil that impacted all arts and eroded the freedoms previously enjoyed by performance artists.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carter2013p145&quot;/&gt; The official records of Sultan Firuz Shah Tughlaq's invasion in [[Odisha]] (1360{{ndash}}1361 CE), for example, describe the destruction of the [[Jagannath temple]] as well as numerous other temples, defacing of dancing statues, and ruining of dance halls.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Dhirendranath Patnaik|title=Odissi dance|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=TBtHAQAAIAAJ |year=1990|publisher=Odisha Sangeet Natak Adademi|pages=68–69 }}&lt;/ref&gt; This led to a broad decline in Odissi and other religious arts, but there were some benevolent rulers in this period who supported arts particularly through performances at courts.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carter2013p145&quot;/&gt; During the Sultanate and Mughal era of [[India]], the temple dancers were moved to entertain the Sultan's family and courts.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Stephanie Burridge|title=Shifting sands: dance in Asia and the Pacific|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mm8NAQAAMAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Australian Dance Council|isbn=978-1-875255-15-3|page=32}}&lt;/ref&gt; They became associated with [[concubinage]] to the nobility.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Odissi is a classical Indian dance that originated in Odisha, India.jpg|thumb|A male Odissi dancer]]<br /> The Odissi dance likely expanded in the 17th century, states Alexandra Carter, under King Ramachandradeva's patronage.&lt;ref name=carter148/&gt; This expansion integrated martial arts (''akhanda'') and athletics into Odissi dance, by engaging boys and youth called ''Gotipuas'', as a means to physically train the young for the military and to resist foreign invasions.&lt;ref name=carter148&gt;{{cite book|author=Alexandra Carter|title=Rethinking Dance History: A Reader|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jYaMAQAAQBAJ |year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-48500-8|pages=148–149 }}&lt;/ref&gt; According to Ragini Devi, historical evidence suggests that the ''Gotipuas'' tradition was known and nurtured in the 14th century, by Raja of Khordha.{{Sfn|Ragini Devi|1990|p=142}}<br /> <br /> During the [[British Raj]], the officials of the colonial government ridiculed the temple traditions, while Christian missionaries launched a sustained attack on the moral outrage of sensuousness of Odissi and other Hindu temple dance arts.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carter2013p145&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=marysnodgrass166&gt;{{cite book|author=Mary Ellen Snodgrass|title=The Encyclopedia of World Folk Dance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DMGpDAAAQBAJ |year=2016|publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-5749-8 |pages=165–168 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Walker2016p94&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Margaret E. Walker|title=India's Kathak Dance in Historical Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nC83DAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA94|year=2016|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-11737-7 |pages=94–98 }}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1872, a British civil servant named William Hunter watched a performance at the Jagannatha temple in Puri, then wrote, &quot;Indecent ceremonies disgraced the ritual, and dancing girls with rolling eyes put the modest worshipper to the blush...&quot;, and then attacked them as idol-worshipping prostitutes who expressed their devotion with &quot;airy gyrations&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alexandra Carter 2013 145–146&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Alexandra Carter|title=Rethinking Dance History: A Reader|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jYaMAQAAQBAJ |year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-48500-8|pages=145–146 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Christian missionaries launched the &quot;anti-dance movement&quot; in 1892, to ban all such dance forms.&lt;ref name=marysnodgrass166/&gt; The dancers were frequently stigmatized as prostitutes by Europeans during the [[British India|colonial era]].&lt;ref name=amritsri73&gt;{{cite journal|title=The Hindu Temple-dancer: Prostitute or Nun? |author= Amrit Srinivasan|journal= The Cambridge Journal of Anthropology|volume= 8| number= 1 |year =1983| pages= 73–99|jstor=23816342}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=leslieorr8&gt;{{cite book|author=Leslie C. Orr|title=Donors, Devotees, and Daughters of God: Temple Women in Medieval Tamilnadu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F___xKcP8lMC |year=2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-535672-4|pages=5, 8–17}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1910, the British colonial government in India banned temple dancing,&lt;ref name=pallabinilan30&gt;{{cite book|author1=Pallabi Chakravorty|author2=Nilanjana Gupta|title=Dance Matters: Performing India on Local and Global Stages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KQly7wn0C5sC&amp;pg=PA30 |year=2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-51612-2 |pages=30 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and the dance artists were reduced to abject poverty from the lack of any financial support for performance arts, combined with stereotyping stigma.&lt;ref name=carter148/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Post-independence===<br /> The temple dance ban and cultural discrimination during colonial rule marshalled a movement by Hindus to question the stereotypes and to revive the regional arts of [[India]], including Odissi.&lt;ref name=marysnodgrass166/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Walker2016p94&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Alexandra Carter 2013 145–146&quot;/&gt; Due to these efforts, the classical Indian dances witnessed a period of renaissance and reconstruction, which gained momentum particularly after Indians gained their freedom from colonialism.&lt;ref name=craine420&gt;{{cite book|author1=Debra Craine|author2=Judith Mackrell|title=The Oxford Dictionary of Dance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=42g8Hp-xA48C |year=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0199563449 |pages=420 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Odissi, along with several other major Indian dances gained recognition after efforts by many scholars and performers in the 1950s, particularly by [[Kavichandra Kalicharan Pattanayak]], an Oriya poet, dramatist and researcher. Pattanayak is also credited with naming the dance form as &quot;Odissi&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carter2013p145&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=David Dennen |url=https://www.academia.edu/2577115 |title=The Naming of Odissi: Changing Conceptions of Music in Odisha|journal=Ravenshaw Journal of Literary and Cultural Studies (Vol. 3) |date=January 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Repertoire==<br /> [[File:Sitara Thobani Odissi classical dance mudra India (16).jpg|thumb|An Odissi dancer in ''nritya'' (expressive) stage of the dance.]]<br /> Odissi, in the classical and medieval period has been, a team dance founded on Hindu texts.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lochtefeld2002p483&quot;/&gt; This drama-dance involved women (''Maharis'') enacting a spiritual poem or a religious story either in the inner sanctum of a Hindu temple, or in the ''Natamandira'' attached to the temple.{{Sfn|Reginald Massey|2004|p=209}} The Odissi performing ''Maharis'' combined pure dance with expression, to play out and communicate the underlying text through ''abhinaya'' (gestures).{{Sfn|Reginald Massey|2004|p=209}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Alexandra Carter|title=Rethinking Dance History: A Reader|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jYaMAQAAQBAJ |year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-48500-8|pages=149 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The performance art evolved to include another aspect, wherein teams of boys – dressed as girls – called ''Gotipuas'' expanded the Odissi repertoire, such as by adding acrobatics and athletic moves, and they performed both near the temples and open fairs for general folksy entertainment.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lochtefeld2002p483&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=carter148/&gt; In the Indian tradition, many of the accomplished ''gotipuas'' became the [[guru]]s (teachers) in their adulthood.&lt;ref name=carter148/&gt; Modern Odissi is a diversified performance art, men have joined the women, and its reconstruction since the 1950s have added new plays and aspects of other Indian dances.<br /> <br /> Love is a universal theme and one of the paradigmatic values in Indian religions. This theme is expressed through sensuous love poems and metaphors of sexual union in Krishna-related literature, and as longing eros (''Shringara'') in its dance arts such as in Odissi, from the early times.&lt;ref name=carter148/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Archana Verma|title=Performance and Culture: Narrative, Image and Enactment in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iAArBwAAQBAJ |year=2011|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn= 978-1-4438-2832-1|pages=43–47 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Hinduism, states Judith Hanna, encourages the artist to &quot;strive to suggest, reveal or re-create the infinite, divine self&quot;, and art is considered as &quot;the supreme means of realizing the Universal Being&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hanna1988p102&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Judith Lynne Hanna|title=Dance, Sex, and Gender: Signs of Identity, Dominance, Defiance, and Desire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QGJ68sbWFVUC |year=1988|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-31551-5|pages=102–103 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Physical intimacy is not something considered as a reason for shame, rather considered a form of celebration and worship, where the saint is the lover and the lover is the saint.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Judith Lynne Hanna|title=Dance, Sex, and Gender: Signs of Identity, Dominance, Defiance, and Desire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QGJ68sbWFVUC |year=1988|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-31551-5|pages=98–106 }}&lt;/ref&gt; This aspect of Odissi dancing has been subdued in the modern post-colonial reconstructions, states Alexandra Carter, and the emphasis has expanded to &quot;expressions of personal artistic excellence as ritualized spiritual articulations&quot;.&lt;ref name=carter148/&gt;<br /> <br /> The traditional Odissi repertoire, like all classical Indian dances, includes ''Nritta'' (pure dance, solo), ''Nritya'' (dance with emotions, solo) and ''Natya'' (dramatic dance, group).&lt;ref name=&quot;NettlStone1998p519 &quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Bruno Nettl|author2=Ruth M. Stone|author3=James Porter|display-authors=etal|title=The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOlNv8MAXIEC |year=1998|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-8240-4946-1 |pages=519–521 }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Sfn|Reginald Massey|2004|pp=207-214}} These three performance aspects of Odissi are described and illustrated in the foundational Hindu texts, particularly the ''Natya Shastra'', ''Abhinaya Darpana'' and the 16th-century ''Abhinaya Chandrika'' by Maheshwara Mahapatra of Odisha.&lt;ref name=&quot;NettlStone1998p519 &quot;/&gt;{{Sfn|Reginald Massey|2004|pp=207–214}}<br /> *The ''Nritta'' performance is abstract, fast and rhythmic aspect of the dance.&lt;ref name=koskoff955/&gt;{{Sfn|Reginald Massey|2004|pp=207–214}} The viewer is presented with pure movement in Nritta, wherein the emphasis is the beauty in motion, form, speed, range and pattern. This part of the repertoire has no interpretative aspect, no telling of story. It is a technical performance, and aims to engage the senses (prakriti) of the audience.&lt;ref name=&quot;Descutner2010p45&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Janet Descutner|title=Asian Dance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8tCYjXOtkdgC |year=2010|publisher=Infobase|isbn=978-1-4381-3078-1|pages=45–46}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *The ''Nritya'' is slower and expressive aspect of the dance that attempts to communicate feelings, storyline particularly with spiritual themes in Hindu dance traditions.&lt;ref name=koskoff955&gt;{{cite book|author=Ellen Koskoff|title=The Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: The Middle East, South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=73MO0eiQD_EC&amp;pg=PA955 |year=2008|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-99404-0 |pages=955 }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Sfn|Reginald Massey|2004|pp=207-214}} In a ''nritya'', the dance-acting expands to include silent expression of words through the [[sign language]] of gestures and body motion set to musical notes. This part of a repertoire is more than sensory enjoyment, it aims to engage the emotions and mind of the viewer.&lt;ref name=&quot;Descutner2010p45&quot;/&gt;<br /> *The ''Natyam'' is a play, typically a team performance, but can be acted out by a solo performer where the dancer uses certain standardized body movements to indicate a new character in the underlying story. A ''Natya'' incorporates the elements of a ''Nritya''.&lt;ref name=&quot;NettlStone1998p519 &quot;/&gt;{{Sfn|Reginald Massey|2004|pp=207–214}}<br /> *The ''Mokshya'' is a climatic pure dance of Odissi, aiming to highlight the liberation of soul and serenity in the spiritual.&lt;ref name=aroyo267&gt;{{cite book|author= Alessandra Royo| editor=Pallabi Chakravorty, Nilanjana Gupta|title=Dance Matters: Performing India on Local and Global Stages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_QDgCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA267|year=2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-51613-9|page=267}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Odissi dance recitals are in Odia and Sanskrit language and the music strictly follows ragas and talas of the [[Odissi music]] tradition.&lt;ref name=&quot;NettlStone1998p519 &quot;/&gt; The talas used in Odissi dance are ''Ekatali, Khemata, Rupaka, Tripata, Jhampa, Jati Tala, Adatali, Matha, Aditala, Sarimana, Kuduka'' and others.<br /> <br /> ===Sequence===<br /> Traditional Odissi repertoire sequence starts with an invocation called ''[[Mangalacharana]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;NettlStone1998p520 &quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Bruno Nettl|author2=Ruth M. Stone|author3=James Porter|display-authors=etal|title=The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOlNv8MAXIEC |year=1998|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-8240-4946-1 |pages=520 }}&lt;/ref&gt; A ''[[shloka]]'' (hymn) in praise of a god or goddess is sung, such as to Jagannath (an [[avatar]] of Vishnu), the meaning of which is expressed through dance.&lt;ref name=&quot;NettlStone1998p520 &quot;/&gt; Mangalacharana is followed by ''Pushpanjali'' (offering of flowers) and ''Bhumi Pranam'' (salutation to mother earth).&lt;ref name=&quot;NettlStone1998p520 &quot;/&gt; The invocation also includes ''Trikhandi Pranam'' or the three-fold salutation – to the devas (gods), to the gurus (teachers) and to the lokas or rasikas (fellow dancers and audience).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Catherine B. Asher|title=India 2001: Reference Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F_BtAAAAMAAJ|year=1995|publisher=South Asia Book|isbn=978-0-945921-42-4|page=6}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Mrutyuh.jpg|thumb|Odissi dance drama]]<br /> The next sequential step in an Odissi performance is ''Batu'', also known as ''Battu Nrutya'' or ''Sthayee Nrutya'' or ''Batuka Bhairava''.&lt;ref name=&quot;NettlStone1998p520 &quot;/&gt;{{Sfn|Kapila Vatsyayan|1974|pp=38–39}} It is a fast pace, pure dance (''nritta'') performed in the honor of [[Shiva]]. There is no song or recitation accompanying this part of the dance, just rhythmic music. This pure dance sequence in Odissi builds up to a Pallavi which is often slow, graceful and lyrical movements of the eyes, neck, torso and feet and slowly builds in a crescendo to climax in a fast tempo at the end.&lt;ref name=&quot;NettlStone1998p520 &quot;/&gt;{{Sfn|Kapila Vatsyayan|1974|pp=38–39}}<br /> <br /> The ''nritya'' follows next, and consists of ''Abhinaya'', or an expressional dance which is an enactment of a song or poetry.&lt;ref name=&quot;NettlStone1998p520 &quot;/&gt;{{Sfn|Kapila Vatsyayan|1974|pp=38–39}} The dancer(s) communicate the story in a sign language, using ''[[mudra]]s'' (hand gestures), ''[[bhava]]s'' (enacting mood, emotions), eye and body movement.{{Sfn|Ragini Devi|1990|pp=144–145}} The dance is fluid, graceful and sensual. Abhinaya in Odissi is performed to verses recited in [[Sanskrit]] or [[Odia language]].{{Sfn|Kapila Vatsyayan|1974|pp=38, 65}} Most common are Abhinayas on Oriya songs or Sanskrit ''Ashthapadi''s or Sanskrit ''stuti''s like the ''Dashavatara Stotra'' (depicting the ten incarnations of [[Vishnu]]) or the ''[[Ardhanari]] Stotra'' (half man, half woman form of the divine).{{citation needed|date=August 2016}} Many regionally performed Abhinaya compositions are based on the Radha-Krishna theme.&lt;ref name=&quot;Verma2011p43&quot;/&gt; The Astapadis of the Radha-Krishna love poem ''[[Gita Govinda]]'' written by Jayadeva are usually performed in Odisha, as part of the dance repertoire.&lt;ref name=&quot;NettlStone1998p520 &quot;/&gt;{{Sfn|Kapila Vatsyayan|1974|p=36}}<br /> <br /> The ''natya'' part, or dance drama, is next in sequence. Usually Hindu mythologies, epics and legendary dramas are chosen as themes.{{Sfn|Kapila Vatsyayan|1974|pp=35–37}}<br /> <br /> A distinctive part of the Odissi tradition is the inclusion of ''Moksha'' (or ''Mokshya''&lt;ref name=aroyo267/&gt;) finale in the performance sequence. This is the concluding item of a recital.&lt;ref name=&quot;NettlStone1998p520 &quot;/&gt; [[Moksha]] in Hindu traditions means “spiritual liberation”. This dance movement traditionally attempts to convey a sense of spiritual release and soul liberation, soaring into the realm of pure aesthetics.&lt;ref name=aroyo267/&gt; Movement and pose merge in a fast pace pure dance climax.&lt;ref name=&quot;NettlStone1998p520 &quot;/&gt;<br /> [[File:Odissi dance at Nishagandi Dance Festival 2024 (358).jpg|thumb|right|Odissi dance by Ananya parida and Rudraprasad Swain]]<br /> <br /> === Basic moves and mudras ===<br /> [[File:Odissi murals in Bhubaneswar.gif|thumb|Odissi [[mudra]] murals in [[Bhubaneswar]]]]<br /> [[File:Madhumita Raut.jpg|thumb|Odissi pose at [[Konark Sun Temple]]]]<br /> The basic unit of Odissi are called ''bhangas''. These are made up of eight ''belis'', or body positions and movements, combined in many varieties.{{sfn|Reginald Massey|2004|pp=210–212}} Motion is ''uthas'' (rising or up), ''baithas'' (sitting or down) or ''sthankas'' (standing).{{sfn|Reginald Massey|2004|pp=210–212}} The gaits or movement on the dance floor is called ''chaalis'', with movement tempo linked to emotions according to the classical Sanskrit texts. Thus, for example, ''burhas'' or quick pace suggest excitement, while a slow confused pace suggests dejection. For aesthetics, movement is centered on a core, a point in space or floor, and each dancer has her imaginary square of space, with spins and expression held within it.{{sfn|Reginald Massey|2004|pp=210–212}} The foot movement or ''pada bhedas'' too have basic dance units, and Odissi has six of these, in contrast to four found in most classical Indian dances.{{sfn|Reginald Massey|2004|pp=210–212}}<br /> <br /> The three primary dance positions in Odissi are:&lt;ref name=&quot;NettlStone1998p520 &quot;/&gt;<br /> *''Chouka'' – the square position, with weight equally placed on the two legs in a squatting position, spine straight, arms raised up with elbows bent.&lt;ref name=&quot;bhumidance.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.bhumidance.com/basics-1 | title=Basics }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *''Abhanga'' – the body weight shifts to one foot, while the feet and knees are kept forward in a standing position, one hip extending sideways and torso deflected away from supporting leg.&lt;ref name=&quot;bhumidance.com&quot;/&gt;<br /> *''Tribhanga'' – is an S-shaped three-fold bending of body, with torso deflecting in one direction while the head and hips deflecting in the opposite direction of torso. Further, the hands and legs frame the body into a composite of two squares (rectangle), providing an aesthetic frame of reference. This is described in the ancient Sanskrit texts, and forms of it are found in other Hindu dance arts, but ''tribhanga'' postures developed most in and are distinctive to Odissi, and they are found in historic Hindu temple reliefs.&lt;ref name=&quot;NettlStone1998p520 &quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ''Mudras'' or ''Hastas'' are hand gestures which are used to express the meaning of a given act.&lt;ref name=&quot;KothariPasricha1990p64&quot;/&gt; Like all classical dances of India, the aim of Odissi is in part to convey emotions, mood and inner feelings in the story by appropriate hand and facial gestures. There are 63 ''Hastas'' in modern Odissi dance, and these have the same names or structure as those in the pan-Indian Hindu texts, but most closely matching those in the ''Abhinaya Chandrika''.{{sfn|Reginald Massey|2004|pp=210–212}}&lt;ref name=&quot;KothariPasricha1990p64&quot;/&gt; These are subdivided into three, according to the traditional texts:&lt;ref name=&quot;KothariPasricha1990p64&quot;/&gt;<br /> * Asamyukta Hasta – Single hand Mudras – 28 Prakar (gestures, for instance to communicate a salute, prayer, embrace, energy, bond, swing, carriage, shell, arrow, holding a thing, wheel, and so on.)<br /> * Samyukta Hasta – Double hand Mudras – 24 Prakar (gestures, for instance to indicate a flag, flower, type of bird or animal, moon, action like grasping, and so on.)<br /> * Nritya Hasta – “Pure Dance” Mudras<br /> <br /> The Mudra system is derived from the &quot;Abhinaya Darpana&quot; by Nandikeshavara and the ancient ''Natya Shastra'' of Bharata Muni.&lt;ref name=&quot;KothariPasricha1990p64&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Sunil Kothari|author2=Avinash Pasricha|title=Odissi, Indian classical dance art |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_0MAQAAMAAJ |year=1990|publisher=Marg Publications|isbn=978-81-85026-13-8|pages=64–67}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Costumes===<br /> [[File:The Odissi Costume - Dipanwita Roy.jpg|thumb|right|alt=The Odissi costume.|The Odissi costume]]<br /> The Odissi dancers are colorfully dressed with makeup and jewellery. The [[saree|sari]] worn by Odissi dancers are brightly coloured, and usually of local silk (''Pattasari'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Dhirendranath Patnaik|title=Odissi dance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TBtHAQAAIAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Odisha Sangeet Natak Adademi|pages=112–113}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is worn with pleats, or may have a pleat tailor stitched in front, to allow maximum flexibility during the footwork.&lt;ref name=nettl521/&gt; These saris have traditional prints of [[Odisha]] with regional designs and embellishments, and may be the [[Sambalpuri saree|Sambalpuri sari]] and [[Bomkai|Bomkai sari]].{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}<br /> <br /> The jewellery includes silver pieces, a metal favored in regional tradition.&lt;ref name=gaston81&gt;{{cite book|author=Anne-Marie Gaston|editor=Hillary P. Rodrigues|title=Studying Hinduism in Practice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u9eoAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA81|year=2012|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-68097-7 |pages=81 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The hair is tied up, and typically drawn into an elaborate bun resembling a Hindu temple spire, and decorated with ''seenthi''.&lt;ref name=nettl521/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Dhirendranath Patnaik|title=Odissi dance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TBtHAQAAIAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Odisha Sangeet Natak Adademi|pages=9–11}}&lt;/ref&gt; The hairstyle may contain a moon shaped crest of white flowers,&lt;ref name=nettl521/&gt; or a reed crown called ''mukoot'' with peacock feathers (symbolism for [[Krishna]]). The dancers forehead is marked with ''[[Tilaka|tikka]]'', and adorned with various jewelry such as the ''allaka'' (head piece on which the tikka hangs). The eyes are ringed with [[Kohl (cosmetics)#South Asia|kajal]] (black eyeliner).&lt;ref name=&quot;Patnaik1990p115&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Dhirendranath Patnaik|title=Odissi dance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TBtHAQAAIAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Odisha Sangeet Natak Adademi|pages=113–115}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Ear covers called ''kapa'' or ear rings decorate the sides of the head, while necklace adorns the neck. The dancer wears a pair of armlets also called ''bahichudi'' or ''bajuband'', on the upper arm. The wrist is covered with ''kankana'' (bangles).&lt;ref name=&quot;Patnaik1990p115&quot;/&gt; At the waist they wear an elaborate belt which ties down one end of the sari. The ankles are decorated with a leather piece on top of which are bells (''[[ghungroo]]'').&lt;ref name=gaston81/&gt; The dancer's palms and soles may be painted with red coloured dye called the ''[[Alta (dye)|alta]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Patnaik1990p115&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Modern Odissi male performers wear ''dhoti'' – a broadcloth tied around waist, pleated for movement, and tucked between legs; usually extends to knee or lower. Upper body is bare chested, and a long thin folded translucent sheet wrapping over one shoulder and usually tucked below a wide belt.&lt;ref name=nettl521&gt;{{cite book|author1=Bruno Nettl|author2=Ruth M. Stone|author3=James Porter|display-authors=etal|title=The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOlNv8MAXIEC&amp;pg=PA319 |year=1998|publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis|isbn=978-0-8240-4946-1 |pages=521 }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Odissi Classical Music sidebar}}<br /> <br /> === Music and instruments ===<br /> {{Main|Odissi music}}<br /> <br /> Odissi dance is accompanied by the traditional classical music of the state of Odisha, [[Orissi music|Odissi music]]. Rooted in the ancient ritual music tradition dedicated to Lord [[Jagannath]]a, Odissi music has a rich history spanning over two thousand years, distinguished by its unique ''sangita-shastra''s (musical treatises), a specialized system of Ragas and Talas, and a distinctive style of performance characterised by the ''andolita gamaka''. The primary Odissi ''mela'' ragas are ''Kalyana'', ''Nata'', ''Sri'', ''Baradi'', ''Gouri, Panchama'', ''Dhanasri'', ''Karnata'', ''Bhairabi'' and ''Sokabaradi''.&lt;ref name=&quot;orissaculture.gov.in&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://orissaculture.gov.in/dance.asp|title=Culture Department|publisher=Orissaculture.gov.in|access-date=19 May 2012|archive-date=3 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403151246/http://www.orissaculture.gov.in/dance.asp|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Odissi dance, states Ragini Devi, is a form of &quot;visualized music&quot;, wherein the ''[[Raga]]s'' and ''Raginis'', respectively the primary and secondary musical modes, are integrated by the musicians and interpreted through the dancer.{{Sfn|Ragini Devi|1990|pp=147–149}} Each note is a means, has a purpose and with a mood in classical Indian music, which Odissi accompanies to express sentiments in a song through ''Parija''.{{Sfn|Ragini Devi|1990|pp=147–149}} This is true whether the performance is formal, or less formal as in ''Nartana'' and ''Natangi'' used during festive occasions and the folksy celebration of life.{{Sfn|Ragini Devi|1990|pp=147–149}}<br /> <br /> Like most Indian dance forms, an Odissi troupe performs with the accompaniment of a musical ensemble. The mini-orchestra consists of a number of instruments, often varying slightly by region; the ubiquitous ''[[tanpura]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;Courtney, David and Chandrakantha&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://chandrakantha.com/music-and-dance/dance/odissi/ |title=Odissi |author=Courtney, David and Chandrakantha |website=Chandrakantha.com |date=1998–2021 |accessdate=27 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;!-- Previous URL: https://chandrakantha.com/articles/indian_music/nritya/odissi.html (included anchor text) --&gt; is used for a consistent, droning ambience throughout, with the ''[[mardala]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;Courtney, David and Chandrakantha&quot;/&gt; for percussion. Melodic instruments range from the [[harmonium]], ''[[bansuri]]'' (bamboo flute) or ''[[sarangi]]'' to the ''[[sitar]]'' and [[Indian violin|violin]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Courtney, David and Chandrakantha&quot;/&gt; Additionally, ''[[manjira]]'' ([[finger cymbals]]) or other small, percussive instruments may be used.&lt;ref name=&quot;Courtney, David and Chandrakantha&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NettlStone1998p520&quot; /&gt; At times, vocalists may be featured, usually singing simple, rhythmic phrases and melodies with dancing specifically choreographed to match.<br /> <br /> [[File:Odissi group performance.jpg|thumb|Odissi group performance]]<br /> <br /> ===Styles===<br /> The Odissi tradition existed in three schools: ''Mahari, Nartaki'', and ''Gotipua'':<br /> <br /> * ''Maharis'' were Odia [[devadasi]]s or temple girls, their name deriving from ''Maha'' (great) and ''Nari'' (girl), or ''Mahri'' (chosen) particularly those at the temple of [[Jagganath]] at [[Puri]]. Early Maharis performed ''Nritta'' (pure dance) and [[Abhinaya]] (interpretation of poetry) dedicated to various Hindu gods and goddesses, as well as Puranic mythologies and Vedic legends.&lt;ref name=&quot;KothariPasricha1990p49&quot;/&gt; Later, Maharis especially performed dance sequences based on the lyrics of [[Jayadeva|Jayadev]]'s ''[[Gita Govinda]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;KothariPasricha1990p49&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Sunil Kothari|author2=Avinash Pasricha|title=Odissi, Indian classical dance art |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_0MAQAAMAAJ |year=1990|publisher=Marg Publications|isbn=978-81-85026-13-8|pages=41–49 }}&lt;/ref&gt; This style is more sensuous and closer to the classical Sanskrit texts on dance, music and performance arts.&lt;ref name=&quot;KothariPasricha1990p49&quot;/&gt;<br /> * ''Gotipuas'' were boys dressed up as girls and taught the dance by the Maharis. This style included martial arts, athletics and acrobatics. Gotipuas danced to these compositions outside the temples and fairgrounds as folksy entertainment.&lt;ref name=&quot;KothariPasricha1990p49&quot;/&gt;<br /> * ''Nartaki'' dance took place in the royal courts, where it was prevalent before the British period.&lt;ref&gt;Alessandra Lopez y Royo, &quot;The reinvention of odissi classical dance as a temple ritual,&quot; published in ''The Archaeology of Ritual'' ed. Evangelos Kyriakidis, Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, UCLA 2007&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Dhirendranath Patnaik|title=Odissi dance|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=TBtHAQAAIAAJ |year=1990|publisher=Odisha Sangeet Natak Adademi|pages=84–85}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Schools, training and recognition ==<br /> <br /> [[File:Kasturi Pattanaik-Photo-3.jpg|thumb|The performer is in an Odissi Dance Abhinaya, based on the popular Indian epic-Ramayan]]<br /> <br /> === Odissi maestros and performers ===<br /> [[Kelucharan Mohapatra]], [[Pankaj Charan Das]], [[Deba Prasad Das]] and Raghunath Dutta were the four major gurus who revived Odissi in the late forties and early fifties. [[Sanjukta Panigrahi]] was a leading disciple of Kelucharan Mohapatra who popularized Odissi by performing in India and abroad. In the mid-sixties, three other disciples of Kelucharan Mohapatra, [[Kumkum Mohanty]] and [[Sonal Mansingh]], were known for their performances in India and abroad. Some other notable disciples include, Debi Basu, [[Jhelum Paranjape]], [[Shubhada Varadkar]], Daksha Mashruwala and [[Nandita Behera]]. Laximipriya Mohapatra performed a piece of Odissi abhinaya in the Annapurna Theatre in Cuttack in 1948, a show upheld as the first classical Odissi dance performance after its contemporary revival.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100809/jsp/orissa/story_12788878.jsp | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728151333/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100809/jsp/orissa/story_12788878.jsp | url-status=dead | archive-date=28 July 2013 | location=Calcutta, India | work=The Telegraph | title=Steps to success | date=9 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guru [[Mayadhar Raut]] played a pivotal role in giving Odissi dance its classical status. He introduced ''Mudra Vinyoga'' in 1955 and ''Sancharibhava'' in the Odissi dance items, and portrayed ''Shringara Rasa'' in ''[[Gita Govinda]] Ashthapadis''. His notable compositions include ''Pashyati Dishi Dishi'' and ''Priya Charu Shile'', composed in 1961.&lt;ref&gt;Kaktikar, A. ''Odissi Yaatra: The Journey of Guru Mayadhar Raut''. Delhi: B. R. Rhythms. 2010. {{ISBN|978-81-88827-21-3}}.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Schools ==<br /> === IIT Bhubaneswar ===<br /> Odissi has been included in [[Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar]]'s [[BTech]] syllabus since 2015 as the first Indian national technical institute to introduce any classical dance in syllabus.&lt;ref name=TOI11September2015&gt;{{cite news|last=Pradhan|first=Ashok|title=IIT Bhubaneswar becomes first IIT in country to introduce dance as BTech subject|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/IIT-Bhubaneswar-becomes-first-IIT-in-country-to-introduce-dance-as-BTech-subject/articleshow/48911403.cms|access-date=13 September 2015|work=The Times of India|date=11 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Hin12September2015&gt;{{cite news|last1=Barik|first1=Satyasundar|title=IIT-Bhubaneswar to train students in Odissi too|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/iitbhubaneswar-to-train-students-in-odissi-too/article7642531.ece|access-date=13 September 2015|work=The Hindu|date=12 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=NIE12September2015&gt;{{cite news|title=IIT-Bhubaneswar Becomes First IIT to Introduce Odissi as a Course|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/IIT-Bhubaneswar-Becomes-First-IIT-to-Introduce-Odissi-as-a-Course/2015/09/11/article3022753.ece|access-date=13 September 2015|work=The New Indian Express|date=12 September 2015|archive-date=12 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912190353/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/IIT-Bhubaneswar-Becomes-First-IIT-to-Introduce-Odissi-as-a-Course/2015/09/11/article3022753.ece|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===In Guinness World records===<br /> [[Guinness World Records]] has acknowledged the feat of the largest congregation of Odissi dancers in a single event. 555 Odissi dancers performed at the event hosted on 23 December 2011, in the Kalinga stadium, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The dancers performed the ''mangalacharana, Battu, Pallavi, Abhinaya'' and ''Mokshya'' dance items from the Odissi repertoire.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/article335732.ece|title=Odissi dancers enter Guinness|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=27 March 2018|archive-date=15 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915060502/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/article335732.ece|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thesundayindian.com/en/story/guinness-world-records-enlists-odissi-dance-show/254/29065/|title=Guinness World Records enlists Odissi dance show – Subrat dash – The Sunday Indian|website=thesundayindian.com|access-date=9 September 2021|archive-date=27 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027153954/http://www.thesundayindian.com/en/story/guinness-world-records-enlists-odissi-dance-show/254/29065/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> More than 1000 Odissi dancers performed at the World Cultural Festival&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/and-more/live-watch-art-of-living-s-world-culture-festival-2016-day-2_1864974.html|title=LIVE: Watch – Art of Living's World Culture Festival 2016 – Day 2|date=12 March 2016|website=india.com|access-date=27 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://odishasuntimes.com/2015/12/16/sri-sri-to-visit-odisha-to-prepare-for-world-culture-festival/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402085721/http://odishasuntimes.com/2015/12/16/sri-sri-to-visit-odisha-to-prepare-for-world-culture-festival/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=2 April 2016|title=Sri Sri to visit Odisha to prepare for World Culture Festival |last=Ayaskant|website=odishasuntimes.com|access-date=27 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; 12 March 2016. This is till date the largest congregation of Odissi dancers in a single event.<br /> <br /> ===Odissi Centre at Oxford University===<br /> [[File:Oxford Odissi Centre.JPG|thumb|180px|[[Baisali Mohanty]] announcing the [[Oxford Odissi Centre]].]]<br /> An Odissi dance centre has been opened from January 2016, at the [[University of Oxford]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1160113/jsp/odisha/story_63528.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116080818/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1160113/jsp/odisha/story_63528.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 January 2016|title=Odissi beats to resonate at Oxford University|website=The Telegraph (India)|access-date=27 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Known as [[Oxford Odissi Centre]], it is an initiative of the Odissi dancer and choreographer [[Baisali Mohanty]] who is also a post-graduate scholar at the [[University of Oxford]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://odishasuntimes.com/2015/12/26/odissi-centre-to-open-at-oxford-university-from-jan/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121150255/http://odishasuntimes.com/2015/12/26/odissi-centre-to-open-at-oxford-university-from-jan/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=21 January 2016|title=Odissi Centre to open at Oxford University from Jan |last=Ayaskant|website=odishasuntimes.com|access-date=27 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Beside holding regular Odissi dance classes at its institution, the [[Oxford Odissi Centre]] also conducts Odissi dance workshops at other academic institutions in the United Kingdom.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/print.php?printFOR=storydetail&amp;story_url_key=odishi-centre-to-open-at-oxford-in-january&amp;section_url_key=state-editions|title=The Pioneer|website=The Pioneer (India)|access-date=27 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://kalingatv.com/state-news/oxford-university-odissi-centre-jan/|title=Kalinga TV on Facebook|publisher=KalingaTV|access-date=27 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Indian classical dance]]<br /> *[[Ghungroo]]<br /> *[[Odissi music]]<br /> *[[Gotipua]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ===Bibliography===<br /> *''Odissi : What, Why and How… Evolution, Revival and Technique'', by [[Madhumita Raut]]. Published by B. R. Rhythms, Delhi, 2007. {{ISBN|81-88827-10-X}}.<br /> *''Odissi Yaatra: The Journey of Guru Mayadhar Raut'', by Aadya Kaktikar (ed. [[Madhumita Raut]]). Published by B. R. Rhythms, Delhi, 2010. {{ISBN|978-81-88827-21-3}}.<br /> *''Odissi Dance'', by Dhirendranath Patnaik. Published by Odisha Sangeet Natak Akademi, 1971.<br /> *''Odissi – The Dance Divine'', by Ranjana Gauhar and Dushyant Parasher. Published by Niyogi Books, 2007. {{ISBN|81-89738-17-8}}.<br /> *''Odissi, Indian Classical Dance Art: Odisi Nritya'', by [[Sunil Kothari]], Avinash Pasricha. Marg Publications, 1990. {{ISBN|81-85026-13-0}}.<br /> *''Perspectives on Odissi Theatre'', by Ramesh Prasad Panigrahi, Odisha Sangeet Natak Akademi. Published by Odisha Sangeet Natak Akademi, 1998.<br /> *''Abhinaya-chandrika and Odissi dance'', by Maheshwar Mahapatra, Alekha Chandra Sarangi, Sushama Kulshreshthaa, Maya Das. Published by Eastern Book Linkers, 2001. {{ISBN|81-7854-010-X}}.<br /> *''Rethinking Odissi'', by Dinanath Pathy. Published by Harman Pub. House, 2007. {{ISBN|81-86622-88-8}}.<br /> *{{cite book|author=Natalia Lidova|publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2014 |doi=10.1093/obo/9780195399318-0071 |title= Natyashastra }}<br /> *{{cite book|author=Natalia Lidova |title=Drama and Ritual of Early Hinduism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3TKarwqJJP0C |date=1994 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1234-5 }}<br /> *{{cite book|author=Ragini Devi|title=Dance Dialects of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KRz5ykKRVAEC |year=1990 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0674-0}}<br /> * {{cite journal|last=Williams|first=Drid|title=In the Shadow of Hollywood Orientalism: Authentic East Indian Dancing|url=http://jashm.press.illinois.edu/12.3/12-3IntheShadow_Williams78-99.pdf|journal=Visual Anthropology|volume=17|issue=1|year=2004|pages=69–98|publisher=Routledge|doi=10.1080/08949460490274013|s2cid=29065670|access-date=31 July 2016|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121105/http://jashm.press.illinois.edu/12.3/12-3IntheShadow_Williams78-99.pdf|url-status=dead}}<br /> * {{cite book |author=Tarla Mehta | title=Sanskrit Play Production in Ancient India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l7naMj1UxIkC | year=1995| publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1057-0 }}<br /> * {{cite book|last= Fergusson |first=James |title=The Caves Temples of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5YqEFKdU8FEC&amp;pg=PA405|year=1880|publisher=W. H. Allen|access-date=2 April 2016}}<br /> * {{cite book|last=Michell|first=George l|title=Temple Architecture and Art of the Early Chalukyas: Badami, Mahakuta, Aihole, Pattadakal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-1TroAEACAAJ|date=15 October 2014|publisher=Niyogi Books|isbn=978-93-83098-33-0}}<br /> * {{cite book|author=Reginald Massey|title=India's Dances: Their History, Technique, and Repertoire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t6MJ8jbHqIwC |year=2004|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-434-9 }}<br /> *{{cite book|author= Emmie Te Nijenhuis |author-link=Emmie te Nijenhuis |title=Indian Music: History and Structure |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NrgfAAAAIAAJ |year=1974|publisher= BRILL Academic|isbn=90-04-03978-3 }}<br /> *{{cite book|author=Kapila Vatsyayan |title=Bharata, the Nāṭyaśāstra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zKW1PAAACAAJ |year=2001|publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-260-1220-6}}<br /> *{{cite book| author=Kapila Vatsyayan |title=Classical Indian dance in literature and the arts |year=1977 |publisher=Sangeet Natak Akademi |oclc= 233639306}}, [http://library.mpib-berlin.mpg.de/toc/z2008_2719.pdf Table of Contents]<br /> *{{citation| author=Kapila Vatsyayan |title=Indian classical dance |year=1974 |publisher=Sangeet Natak Akademi |oclc= 2238067 }}<br /> *{{cite book| author=Kapila Vatsyayan |title=Aesthetic theories and forms in Indian tradition |year=2008 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |oclc= 286469807| isbn= 978-8187586357}}<br /> *{{cite book| author=Kapila Vatsyayan |title=Dance In Indian Painting |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=58fUibaZdGYC |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-153-9}}<br /> *{{cite journal | author =Wallace Dace | title=The Concept of &quot;Rasa&quot; in Sanskrit Dramatic Theory | journal=Educational Theatre Journal | volume=15 | issue=3 | pages=249–254 | year=1963 | jstor=3204783 | doi=10.2307/3204783 }}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Commons category|Odissi}}<br /> {{Wikiquote}}<br /> *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X69dOnl_zKw Odissi solo performance: Nitisha Nanda], Arabhi Pallav, New Delhi 2013<br /> *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRl3Jdxn1ZQ Odissi group dance: Megh Pallavi], Vancouver 2014<br /> *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=52bscmW8x80 Maryam Shakiba – Odissi Dance – Manglacharan Ganesh Vandana] Pushkar 2014<br /> *[http://www.dmoz.org/Arts/Performing_Arts/Dance/Classical_Indian/Odissi/ Odissi links] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110318135952/http://www.dmoz.org/Arts/Performing_Arts/Dance/Classical_Indian/Odissi/ |date=18 March 2011 }} at the Open Directory<br /> *[http://www.narthaki.com/odissi/odidivi.htm Odissi schools], Classical Indian Dance Portal<br /> *[https://pad.ma/grid/title/project==Odissi_Archive The annotated Odissi Dance Archive on Pad.ma]<br /> *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090410060341/http://orissagov.nic.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2008/May-2008/engpdf/The_Story17-19.pdf History of Odissi and Geeta Govinda] JN Dhar, Orissa Review<br /> *[https://web.archive.org/web/20060505124201/http://www.bharatbhavankerala.org/oddissi.htm Bharat Bhavan], a [[Kerala]]-based Department of Culture information website.<br /> <br /> {{Dance in India}}<br /> {{Odia culture}}<br /> {{Odisha}}<br /> {{Dance}}<br /> {{Hindudharma}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Odissi| ]]<br /> [[Category:Arts of Odisha]]<br /> [[Category:Culture of Odisha]]<br /> [[Category:Jayadeva]]<br /> [[Category:Classical dance genres of India]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu temple dance]]<br /> [[Category:Odissi dancers]]<br /> [[Category:Odissi music]]<br /> [[Category:Artforms based on Odissi music]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=23rd_March_1931:_Shaheed&diff=448491 2026-03-19T18:43:23Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: Enhanced article with new information</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|2002 Indian film directed by Guddu Dhanoa}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = 23 March 1931: Shaheed<br /> | image = 23rd March 1931 DVD cover.jpg<br /> | caption = DVD cover<br /> | director = [[Guddu Dhanoa]]<br /> | producer = [[Dharmendra]]<br /> | screenplay = Sultanu Gupta {{infobox|decat=yes|child=yes|label1= Dialogues by|data1= Sanjay Masoomm}}<br /> | story = Sultanu Gupta<br /> | based_on =<br /> | starring = [[Bobby Deol]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;[[Sunny Deol]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;[[Amrita Singh]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;[[Rahul Dev]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Vicky Ahuja&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;[[Suresh Oberoi]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;[[Shakti Kapoor]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;[[Divya Dutta]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;[[Aishwarya Rai]]<br /> | music = '''Songs''':&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;[[Anand Raaj Anand]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;'''Score''':&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;[[Surinder Sodhi]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Tirru]]<br /> | editing = Keshav Naidu<br /> | studio = [[Vijayta Films|Sunny Super Sound]]<br /> | distributor =<br /> | released = {{film date|df=yes|2002|06|07}}<br /> | runtime = 185 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | budget = {{INR}}20 crore&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Budget&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web | url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=611 | title=23rd March 1931 Shaheed - Movie - Box Office India }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> | gross = {{INR}}14.25 crore&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Box Office&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web | url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=611 | title=23rd March 1931 Shaheed - Movie - Box Office India | access-date=29 November 2023 | archive-date=3 December 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203040357/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=611 | url-status=live }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''23rd March 1931: Shaheed''''' is a 2002 Indian [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]]-language [[Biographical film|biographical]] [[historical drama]] based on the life of Indian revolutionary [[Bhagat Singh]] directed by [[Guddu Dhanoa]]. It depicts the events leading up to the hanging of Singh and his companions [[Shivaram Rajguru]] and [[Sukhdev Thapar]] on 23 March 1931. The film stars [[Bobby Deol]] as [[Bhagat Singh]], his elder brother [[Sunny Deol]] as [[Chandra Shekhar Azad]], [[Amrita Singh]] as Vidyavati Kaur Sandhu (Bhagat's mother) and [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan|Aishwarya Rai]] as Mannewali ({{small|special appearance}}), along with [[Rahul Dev]], Vicky Ahuja, [[Vivek Shauq]] and [[Raja Bundela]].<br /> <br /> The film's release coincided with another film based on Bhagat Singh directed by [[Rajkumar Santoshi]] titled ''[[The Legend of Bhagat Singh]]''. Both films failed at the box office.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/may/03bhag.htm|title=rediff.com: Movies: Which Bhagat Singh do we choose?|website=rediff.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/At-the-movies-The-Legend-of-Bhagat-Singh/articleshow/12303758.cms|title=At the movies: The Legend of Bhagat Singh|website=The Times of India|date=8 June 2002|archive-date=18 March 2018|access-date=11 January 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20180318081925/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/at-the-movies-the-legend-of-bhagat-singh/articleshow/12303758.cms|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> [[File:Bhagat Singh 1929.jpg|thumb|Bhagat Singh (1929)]][[File:Bhagat-singh-dramatics-club.jpg|thumb|Photo of Singh (back row, fourth from right) in the Lahore College Drama Club (1924)]][[File:Bhagat Singh in jail,1927.jpg|thumb|Singh's photo during his first arrest]][[File:Lahore conspiracy case poster 9th Oct 193o jindal sunam 12x9 copy.jpg|thumb|Lahore conspiracy case poster 9 October 1930]][[File:Bhagat Singh's execution Lahore Tribune Front page.jpg|thumb|[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune (Lahore)]]'s front page headline on the 25th of March 1931: &quot;BHAGAT SINGH, RAJGURU and SUKHDEV EXECUTED&quot;]]<br /> <br /> Set in the mid-1920s in [[British Raj|British India]], the film tells the story of freedom fighters [[Bhagat Singh]] and [[Chandrashekhar Azad]], who have only one motive in mind: freedom for India. They set about doing this task together with two other men, Sukhdev and Rajguru. Bhagat Singh is enraged when his mentor [[Lala Lajpat Rai]] is mercilessly beaten to death by the police, and he sets about to avenge his death. He and his colleagues do succeed in killing one of the officials responsible, but they are identified, and as a result, Bhagat and Others are arrested and held in prison, where they are tortured relentlessly.<br /> <br /> When produced in court, they dramatically admit to the killing and claim that it was done in the name of &quot;freedom.&quot; The judge and the public prosecutor do not see it their way, and they are sentenced to life in prison. Bhagat's mother, Vidya, comes to meet him in prison, and he goes to greet her, shackled in chains from head to toe, and he foretells that [[British Raj|India]] will continue to suffer, even after independence from the [[British Raj|British]], and that he will return in another birth to free his motherland. Subsequently, all three are charged with treason and assassination and are sentenced to death.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> *[[Sunny Deol]] as [[Chandra Shekhar Azad]]<br /> *[[Bobby Deol]] as [[Bhagat Singh]]<br /> *[[Amrita Singh]] as Vidyavati Kaur Sandhu, Bhagat's mother.<br /> *[[Rahul Dev]] as [[Sukhdev Thapar]]<br /> *[[Akshay Anand]] as [[Ram Prasad Bismil]]<br /> *Vicky Ahuja as [[Shivaram Rajguru]]<br /> *[[Divya Dutta]] as [[Durgawati Devi]]<br /> *[[Aishwarya Rai]] as Mannewali, the girl Bhagat's family wanted him to marry. (special appearance) <br /> *[[Raja Bundela]] as [[Lala Lajpat Rai]]<br /> *[[Suresh Oberoi]] as Jailor Chaddha<br /> *[[Shakti Kapoor]] as Jail Warden Chattar Singh<br /> *[[Vivek Shauq]] as [[Bhagwati Charan Vohra]]<br /> *[[Samaresh Routray]] as [[Yashpal]]<br /> *[[Tej Sapru]] as Dilbagh Singh<br /> *[[Rajesh Khera]] as Sardar Ajit Singh, Bhagat's uncle.<br /> *Deepak Sharma as [[Jatindra Nath Das]]<br /> *[[Suresh Chatwal]] as [[Pandit Kishori Lal]]<br /> *[[Sachin Khedekar]] as Advocate [[Asaf Ali]]<br /> *[[Manoj Tiwari (Delhi politician)|Manoj Tiwari]] as [[Virbhadra Tiwari]]<br /> *Rana Jung Bahadur as [[Prosecutor|Public Prosecutor]] Ashish Verma<br /> *Ranjan Koshal as Kishan Singh Sandhu, Bhagat's father.<br /> *Vivek Kumar Rawat as [[Batukeshwar Dutt]]<br /> *Imran Khan as [[Kartar Singh Sarabha]]<br /> *[[Raman Khatri]] as [[Ashfaqulla Khan]]<br /> *Sanjay Tripathi as [[Hans Raj Vohra]]<br /> *Indal Singh as [[Jai Gopal]]<br /> <br /> ==Music and soundtrack==<br /> The music for the film’s songs was composed by [[Anand Raaj Anand]] with the lyrics penned by [[Dev Kohli]]. The background score was provided by [[Surinder Sodhi]].<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! # !! Song !! Singer(s)<br /> <br /> |-<br /> <br /> | 1<br /> | &quot;Mera Rang De Basanti Chola&quot;<br /> | [[Udit Narayan]], [[Bhupinder Singh (musician)|Bhupinder Singh]], Veer Rajinder<br /> |- <br /> | 2<br /> | &quot;Deshnu Challo&quot;<br /> | [[Hans Raj Hans]]<br /> |-<br /> | 3<br /> | &quot;Jogiya Ve&quot;<br /> | [[Alka Yagnik]]<br /> |-<br /> | 4<br /> | &quot;Watanparaston Ki&quot;<br /> | [[Hans Raj Hans]], Veer Rajinder<br /> |-<br /> | 5<br /> | &quot;Pagadi Sambhal&quot;<br /> | Veer Rajinder<br /> |-<br /> | 6<br /> | &quot;Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna&quot;<br /> | [[Bhupinder Singh (actor)|Bhupinder Singh]], Mohammad Salamat, [[Vinod Rathod]]<br /> |-<br /> | 7<br /> | &quot;Aye Watan&quot; <br /> | Veer Rajinder<br /> |- <br /> | 8<br /> | &quot;Khush Raho&quot;<br /> | Veer Rajinder<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Box office==<br /> The film failed to cover its budget thus underperforming at the box office, collecting only ₹14.25 crore by the end of its theatrical run.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Box Office&quot;/&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> [[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[Business Line]]'' attributed the film's commercial failure to its release on the same day as ''The Legend of Bhagat Singh'', opining that &quot;the two Bhagats ate into each other's business&quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |date=17 June 1998 |title=Problem of plenty? |work=[[Business Line]] |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2002/06/17/stories/2002061700120200.htm |url-status=live |access-date=20 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320090832/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2002/06/17/stories/2002061700120200.htm |archive-date=20 March 2018}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The producer of the film ''The Legend of Bhagat Singh'', Ramesh Taurani, also acknowledged this as a reason for his film's failure, along with the release of another Bhagat Singh film ''[[Shaheed-E-Azam]]'' the week before.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |title=Ramesh Taurani reveals they lost Rs 22 crore on Ajay Devgn starrer 'The Legend Of Bhagat Singh' despite the National Award: 'Company ki economy hil jaati hai' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ramesh-taurani-reveals-they-lost-rs-22-crore-on-ajay-devgn-starrer-the-legend-of-bhagat-singh-despite-the-national-award-company-ki-economy-hil-jaati-hai/articleshow/111808769.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=21 July 2024 |date=18 July 2024 |archive-date=21 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721052806/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ramesh-taurani-reveals-they-lost-rs-22-crore-on-ajay-devgn-starrer-the-legend-of-bhagat-singh-despite-the-national-award-company-ki-economy-hil-jaati-hai/articleshow/111808769.cms |url-status=live }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{Portal|Bollywood}}<br /> '''Other films based on [[Bhagat Singh]]''':<br /> <br /> * [[Shaheed (1965 film)|''Shaheed'']] - 1965 Indian film directed by S. Ram Sharma<br /> * ''[[The Legend of Bhagat Singh]]'' - 2002 Indian film directed by Rajkumar Santoshi<br /> * [[Shaheed-E-Azam]] - 2002 Indian film directed by Sukumar Nair<br /> <br /> '''Other films based on Indian Independence Movement''':<br /> <br /> * ''[[Sardar Udham]]'' - 2021 Indian film directed by Shoojit Sircar – based on the life of [[Udham Singh]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|0324951}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2002 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films about Bhagat Singh]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in 1931]]<br /> [[Category:Indian historical action films]]<br /> [[Category:2002 Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Hindustani-language films]]&amp;lt;!--Colloquial language used in the film--&amp;gt;<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Anand Raj Anand]]<br /> [[Category:Vijayta Films films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Surinder Sodhi]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in the British Raj]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Lahore]]<br /> [[Category:2000s historical films]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vellamadam&diff=544024 2026-03-15T16:58:17Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: started some post w/ refs</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Vellamadam<br /> | postal_code = 628 617<br /> | utc_offset = +5:30<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name3 = [[Eral]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Thoothukudi district|Thoothukudi]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = Taluk<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Map showing location of Vellamdam in Tamil Nadu<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|8.565733|77.943346|type:city_region:IN|display=inline,title}}<br /> | pushpin_map = Tamil Nadu<br /> | settlement_type = Village<br /> | population_total = 3,511<br /> | image_skyline = Image of Vellamadam Sluice.jpg<br /> | imagesize = 320 px<br /> | image_caption = Image of Sluice gates of the lake in Mela Vellamadam<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Vellamdam''' is a village in [[Thoothukudi district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is situated 4 kilometers away from [[Nazareth, Tamil Nadu|Nazareth]], 32 kilometers away from [[Tirunelveli]] and 41 kilometers away from [[Thoothukudi]].<br /> <br /> == Geography ==<br /> The village has a big lake which provides water for irrigation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Vellamadam sluice - வெள்ளமடம் மடை · HW9V+9R6, Vellamadam, Tamil Nadu 628617, India|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Vellamadam+sluice+-+%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D+%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88/@8.5686271,77.9445255,16z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x3b038a1a0f6c722b:0x79ec07ff2442726e!8m2!3d8.5684105!4d77.9445212|access-date=2022-01-23|website=Vellamadam sluice - வெள்ளமடம் மடை · HW9V+9R6, Vellamadam, Tamil Nadu 628617, India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Waterbodies in Eral taluk|url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3019d385eb67632a7e958e23f24bd07d7/uploads/2021/03/2021031396.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Due to availability of water resources and fertile land, agriculture is widely practiced .Crops such as [[Rice|Paddy]], [[Banana]], [[Peanut|Ground Nut]] and [[Vigna mungo|Urad dal]] are cultivated here.<br /> <br /> == Administration ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |'''Local Body'''<br /> |Vellamadam Panchayat<br /> |-<br /> |'''Block'''<br /> |[[Alwarthirunagiri|Alwar Thirunagari]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=TN Villages list|url=https://tnrd.gov.in/pdf/village_eng.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''Taluk'''<br /> |[[Eral]]<br /> |-<br /> |'''State assembly constituency'''<br /> |[[Srivaikuntam (state assembly constituency)|Srivaikuntam]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=List of polling boots in Srivaikuntam AC|url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/pslist/ac216.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''Lok sabha constituency'''<br /> |[[Thoothukkudi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thoothukkudi]]<br /> |-<br /> |'''District'''<br /> |[[Thoothukudi district|Thoothukudi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=List of villages in Thoothukudi district|url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3019d385eb67632a7e958e23f24bd07d7/uploads/2018/09/2018090685-1.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Transportation ==<br /> <br /> === Road ===<br /> Mela Vellamadam is connected with [[Nazareth, Tamil Nadu|Nazareth]], [[Theripanai]], Chinnamadan Kudiyiruppu and Udaiyarkulam with Other District Roads (O.D.R).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tamilnadu Highways|url=https://tnhighways.tn.gov.in/en/odr-tuticorin-candm|access-date=2022-01-24|website=tnhighways.tn.gov.in|page=S.No 62, 74,160,239}}&lt;/ref&gt; Some government town buses and private buses bound to [[Nazareth, Tamil Nadu|Nazareth]], [[Tiruvaikuntam|Srivaikuntam]], [[Eral]], Salaiputhur, Peikulam and Kayalpatnnam are available from here at fixed timings.<br /> <br /> === Railway ===<br /> The nearest railway stations are [[Nazareth, Tamil Nadu|Nazareth]] (4 kilometres) and [[Alwarthirunagiri|Alwar Thirunagari]]  (6 kilometres) . Daily passenger trains from [[Tiruchendur railway station|Tiruchendur]], [[Tuticorin railway station|Thoothukudi]] and [[Tirunelveli Junction railway station|Tirunelveli]] halt in these stations. The only express train, which halts in Nazareth, is the [[Chendur Express]].<br /> <br /> The nearest important railway station is [[Tirunelveli Junction railway station|Tirunelveli Junction]] (35 kilometres).<br /> <br /> === Air ===<br /> The nearest airports are<br /> <br /> * [[Tuticorin Airport]] ( 28 kilometres )<br /> * [[Trivandrum International Airport|Trivandrum international airport]] ( approximately 160 kilometres ) and<br /> * [[Madurai Airport]] ( approximately 170 kilometres)<br /> <br /> == Education ==<br /> There is a government-run middle school in the village.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=PUMS MELA VELLAMADAM - Vellamadam, District Thoothukkudi (Tamil Nadu)|url=https://schools.org.in/thoothukkudi/33280400601/pums-mela-vellamadam.html|access-date=2022-01-23|website=schools.org.in|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Karuppasamy temple, Mela Vellamadam.jpg|thumb|280x280px|'''Image of Karuppaswamy Temple in the Village''']]<br /> For higher education purposes, people here depend on higher secondary schools and colleges in [[Nazareth, Tamil Nadu|Nazareth]] and other surrounding towns.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Alwarthirunagiri|Alwarthirunagari]]<br /> * [[Nazareth, Tamil Nadu|Nazareth]]<br /> * [[Thirukkolur]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Thoothukudi district]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indra_Vila&diff=504422 2026-03-13T21:47:08Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: put up initial details basic info</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Historical Tamil Hindu festival}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox holiday<br /> | holiday_name = Indra Vila<br /> | type = [[Hindu festivals|Hindu]], Historical<br /> | official_name = Indra Vila<br /> | nickname = Indra Vizha<br /> | observedby = At [[Tamil people|Tamils]], [[Chola dynasty|Cholas]], [[Pandya dynasty|Pandyas]]<br /> | longtype = Religious, Agricultural<br /> | significance = Festival honoring [[Indra]], deity of rain and harvest<br /> | date = Month of [[Chaitra]] (historical)<br /> | duration = 27 days (historical)<br /> | frequency = Annual (historical)<br /> | celebrations = Processions, drum ceremonies, state festivities<br /> | observances = Rain prayers, agricultural rituals<br /> | relatedto = [[Bhogi]], [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Indra Vila'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ncnrDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=indra+Vila+festival&amp;pg=PA43 |title=AKASHVANI: Vol. XXV. No. 12. ( 20 MARCH, 1960 ) |date=1960-03-20 |publisher=Publications Division (India), New Delhi |pages=43 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Broadcasting |first=India Ministry of Information and |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_uQ9AAAAMAAJ&amp;q=indra+Vila+festival |title=Contribution of the South to the Heritage of India |date=1961 |publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting |pages=44 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ({{Langx|ta|இந்திர விழா|lit=Festival of Indra|translit=Indra Viḻā}}),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Nayagam |first=Xavier S. Thani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G--1AAAAIAAJ&amp;q=indira+vila |title=Tamil Culture |date=1966 |publisher=Academy of Tamil Culture |pages=167 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; sometimes rendered '''Indra Vizha''', was a historical [[Hinduism|Hindu]] festival that was celebrated in [[Tamilakam]] during the [[Sangam Age|Sangam period]] (2nd century BCE – 3rd century CE). It was celebrated in honour of Vendhan ([[Indra]]),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=RAMANUJAN |first=S. R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rntPBAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=vendhan+indra&amp;pg=PA22 |title=THE LORD OF VENGADAM |date=2014-08-13 |publisher=PartridgeIndia |isbn=978-1-4828-3462-8 |pages=22 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; the deity associated with the [[Sangam landscape|Marutham landscape]].<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The [[Chola Dynasty|Cholas]] celebrated the festival at [[Poompuhar|Kaveripattinam]], whereas the [[Pandya Dynasty|Pandyas]] celebrated the festival at [[Madurai]].&lt;ref&gt;சின்னமனூர் செப்பேடுகள்&lt;/ref&gt; The festival is mentioned in the ancient Tamil epics of [[Cilappatikaram]]{{sfn|R Parthasarathy (Translator)|2004|pp=2–5}} and [[Manimekalai]].{{sfn|Alain Danielou (Translator)|1993|pp=1-4}} During the reign of the [[Cholas]] and the [[Pandyas]], it was celebrated as a state festival, recognised and conducted by these royal regimes.&lt;ref&gt;மணிமேகலை, விழாவறை காதை&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Untitled Document |url=http://www.tamilvu.org/courses/degree/p104/p1041/html/p1041333.htm |access-date=2025-08-26 |website=www.tamilvu.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Both of these epics state that the festival of Indra was celebrated with great pomp at Kaveripattinam by the Chola king, called the, &quot;festival of the thousand-eyed one&quot;. The commencement of the festival, called the Vila Kalkol, was proclaimed by the beat of drums, placed on the back on an elephant.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MazdaWXQFuQC&amp;dq=indra+Vila+drums&amp;pg=PA362 |title=Indian History |date=1988 |publisher=Allied Publishers |isbn=978-81-8424-568-4 |pages=362 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Legend ==<br /> According to [[Manimekalai]], the legendary sage, [[Agastya]], helped the people of [[Poompuhar|Kaveripattinam]] during a period of drought. He advised the Chola king, Todittol Sembian, to celebrate a festival for Indra to please him, so that the deity may bring rain to this city. Heeding this counsel, the king arranged a big festival for Indra. In return, they received rainfall in the city, and the prosperity associated with it, and hence his successors continued to celebrate this festival every year, for 27 days during the month of [[Chaitra]]. According to another legend, once, a [[Chola Dynasty|Chola]] king named Nedumkilli could not celebrate the Indra Vila festival. As a consequence to this, the wrath of the deity fell on the kingdom and the king: The sea engulfed the famous port city of [[Poompuhar|Kaveripattinam]], and all the inhabitants of the city suffered.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=M. Arunachalam |url=http://archive.org/details/FestivalsOfTamilNadu |title=Festivals Of Tamil Nadu |date=1980}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the contemporary period, the festivities associated with the agricultural Indra Vila are primarily associated with the occasion of [[Bhogi|Bhogi Pongal]], the day dedicated to Indra, and preserving all the elements of the seasonal festival.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Studies |first=Faculty of Oriental |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YSM9AAAAIAAJ&amp;dq=Indra+Bhogi+pongal&amp;pg=PA133 |title=Neolithic Cattle-Keepers of South India |publisher=CUP Archive |pages=133 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Garrett |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iRubEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Indra+Bhogi+pongal&amp;pg=PA458 |title=A Classical Dictionary of India |date=2022-11-09 |publisher=BoD – Books on Demand |isbn=978-3-368-13131-9 |pages=458 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Locally, the Indra Vila is conducted at the [[Tripura Sundari|Kamatchi Amman]] temple at the Kallimadai locality near [[Singanallur, Coimbatore|Singanallur]] in [[Coimbatore]] every year.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=2015-01-16 |title=Kallimadai Indra Festival |newspaper=Dinamalar |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/news/tamil-nadu-district-news-coimbatore/news/1434219 |access-date=2022-04-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Venkudai (White umbrella) festival, depicting the white umbrella and the [[Airavata]] of [[Indra]], is conducted every year at [[Rajapalayam]], in commemoration of the ancient Indra Vila.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=15 April 2022 |title=White Umbrella festival |newspaper=Dinamani |url=https://www.dinamani.com/all-editions/edition-madurai/virudhunagar/2022/apr/15/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-335-%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BE-3827321.html |access-date=2022-04-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Seedling planting festival has been celebrated by the farming community along the banks of [[Noyyal River]]. The festival is conducted in the month of [[Jyeshtha (month)|Aani]]. The ritual forms a part of [[Indra festival]]. The festival has its reference from the &quot;Perur Puranam&quot; by Kachiappa Munivar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://shaivam.org/scripture/Tamil/1766/perur-puranam-part-3-kachiyappa-munivar/#gsc.tab=0 | title=Kachiyappa Munivar aruliya Perurp Puranam III - கச்சியப்ப முனிவர் அருளிய பேரூர்ப் புராணம் - III - (Thiruperur in Coimbatore) }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news<br /> | title =Ani Utsava sapling planting festival 2023<br /> | newspaper =Daily Thanthi<br /> | location =Coimbatore<br /> | date =25 June 2023<br /> | url =https://www.dailythanthi.com/News/State/ani-utsava-sapling-planting-ceremony-at-pattiswarar-temple-in-perur-993530<br /> | access-date =20 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]]<br /> *[[Makar Sankranti|Sankranti]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ===Works cited===<br /> * {{citation |ref={{harvid|Alain Danielou (Translator)|1993}} |translator=Alain Danielou |title=Manimekhalai: the dancer with the magic bowl |publisher=Penguin Books |year=1993 |isbn=9780811210980 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wl7T45yhh1sC}}<br /> *{{cite book |ref={{harvid|R Parthasarathy (Translator)|2004}} |translator=R Parthasarathy |title=The Cilappatikāram: The Tale of an Anklet (Iḷaṅkōvaṭikaḷ) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HWPg7EvPirgC |year=2004 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-0-14-303196-3}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Tamil festivals]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu festivals in India]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu festivals]]<br /> [[Category:Sowing festivals in India]]<br /> [[Category:Indra]]<br /> [[Category:Festivals in Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Seasonal festivals]]<br /> [[Category:Sangam period]]<br /> [[Category:Defunct festivals]]<br /> [[Category:Culture of Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Festivals in India]]<br /> [[Category:Chola dynasty]]<br /> [[Category:Culture of Madurai]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanta_Shelke&diff=470409 2026-03-09T04:56:08Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: basic cleaned up section per standard format and improved wording</p> <hr /> <div>{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}<br /> {{Short description|Indian poet &amp; writer}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | image = ShantaShelke.jpg<br /> | birth_name = Shanta Shelke<br /> | birth_date = 12 October 1922<br /> | birth_place = [[Indapur]], [[Bombay Presidency|Bombay Presidency, British India]]<br /> | death_date = 6 June 2002<br /> | death_place = [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra|Maharashtra, India]]<br /> | occupation = [[Poet]], [[Writer]]<br /> }}<br /> {{Contains special characters|Indic}}<br /> '''Shanta Janardan Shelke''' (12 October 1922 – 6 June 2002) was an Indian poet and writer in the [[Marathi language]]. She was also a noted journalist and academic. Her work included song compositions, stories, translations, and children's literature. She presided over many literary gatherings. Some of her compositions were noted either as stand-alone poetic works or as songs sung<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> ''Shanta Shelke'' was born in [[Indapur]], [[Pune]]. She completed her primary education in Mahatma Gandhi Vidyalaya, Rajgurunagar and high school education from [[Huzurpaga]] (HHCP High School), Pune. She did her graduation in [[Pune]]'s [[Sir Parshurambhau College|S. P. College]]. She completed her M.A. in [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and [[Sanskrit]] and stood first in [[Bombay University]]. During this time, she also won the ''Na. Chi. Kelkar'' and Chiplunkar awards.{{fact|date=June 2023}}<br /> <br /> She spent 5 years working as assistant editor of the weekly ''Navyug'' run by [[Acharya Atre]]. She then moved to Nagpur to work as a professor of Marathi in [[Hislop College]], [[Nagpur]]. She retired after long service from Maharshi Dayanand College, (Parel, Mumbai) and settled in [[Pune]].{{fact|date=June 2023}}<br /> <br /> During her working career in Mumbai, she also served in<br /> *The [[Indian Film Censor Board|Film Censor board]]<br /> *The Theatre examination board<br /> *The Govt. book award<br /> <br /> ==Shanta Shelke's work==<br /> <br /> Shanta Shelke contributed to [[Marathi literature]] in the form of poems, stories, novels, character sketches, interviews, critiques, and introductions. She also helped translate English cinema and wrote for newspaper columns.<br /> <br /> ===Newspaper columns===<br /> Some of her newspaper columns were later converted into books.<br /> *Ek pani (एक पानी)<br /> **Translation: Single pager<br /> *Madarangi (मदरंगी)<br /> *Janta Ajanata (जाणता अजाणता)<br /> **Translation: Knowing Unknowingly<br /> <br /> ===Lalit Literature===<br /> *Anandache Jhad (आनंदाचे झाड)<br /> **Translation: The tree of happiness<br /> *Pavsaadhicha Paus (पावसा आधीचा पाऊस)<br /> **Translation:The rain before the rains<br /> *Sansmarane (संस्मरणे)<br /> **Translation:Memories<br /> *DhoolPati (धूळपाटी) – an introspective autobiography.<br /> *Avad Nivad (आवड निवड)<br /> **Translation: Likes dislikes<br /> *Vadildhari Manase (वडीलधारी माणसे) – a collection of character sketches.<br /> **Translation: Father figures<br /> <br /> ===Novels===<br /> *Odh (ओढ)<br /> *Dharma (धर्म)<br /> *Punarjanma (पुनर्जन्म)<br /> *Chikkhaldrayancha Mantrik (चिखलदऱ्यांचा मांत्रिक)<br /> *Nararakshas (नरराक्षस)<br /> *Bhishanchaya (भीषण छाया)<br /> *Majha Khel Mandu De (माझा खेळ मांडू दे)<br /> *Vijhti Jyot (विझती ज्योत)<br /> <br /> ===Poetical and song collections===<br /> Though children's literature was her favourite subject, she gained popularity as a poet and music composer. <br /> *Varsha (वर्षा)<br /> *Gondan (गोंदण)<br /> *Rupasi (रूपसी)<br /> *Janmajanhavi (जन्मजाह्नवी)<br /> *Kalyanche divas fulanchya rati (कळ्यांचे दिवस फ़ुलांच्या राती)<br /> *Toch Chandrama (तोच चन्द्रमा)<br /> *Purvasandhya (पूर्वसंध्या)<br /> *Ityartha (इत्यर्थ)<br /> <br /> ===Songs===<br /> Apart from her contributions to Marathi literature, Shanta Shelke was equally famous for writing lyrics for Marathi songs. She penned songs for more than 300 films.<br /> <br /> She wrote her first song for the film ''Ram Ram Pavna'' (राम राम पाव्हणं) in 1950. Her initial songs captured the imagination of her audience and made her a household name:<br /> <br /> *Reshmachya Reghanni (रेशमाच्या रेघांनी) – a Marathi [[Laavani]].(sung by Asha Bhosale)<br /> *Je ved majala lagale (ज़े वेड मज़ला लागले)<br /> *Pavner Ga Mayela Karoo (पावनेर ग मायेला करू)<br /> <br /> Some of her memorable creations are:<br /> <br /> *Sung by Pandit [[Jitendra Abhisheki]]<br /> **Kaanta Rute Kunala ( a Marathi &quot;Ghazal&quot;)<br /> <br /> Music composer [[Kaushal Inamdar]] composed an entire album of her songs called 'Shubhra Kalya Moothbhar' when Shanta Shelke was elected President of the Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Sahitya Sammelan in 1996. The songs in the CD were:<br /> <br /> 1) Kalyanche Divas Phulanchya Raati – Sung by Bhagyashree Mule<br /> <br /> 2) Aaj Avelich Kashi Saanj Zhaali – Sung by Pt. Satyasheel Deshpande<br /> <br /> 3) Mala Vatate Ga Nava Janma Gheu – Sung by Shobha Joshi<br /> <br /> 4) Sampale Swapna Te Shodhisi Ka Punha – Sung by Ajit Parab<br /> <br /> 5) Gharaparatichya Vaatevarati – Sung by Sadhana Sargam<br /> <br /> 6) Shubhra Kalya Moothbhar – Sung by Shobha Joshi<br /> <br /> 7) Ranparya – Sung by Pratibha Damle, Shilpa Pai &amp; Suchitra Inamdar<br /> <br /> 8) Kahi Bolalis Ka – Sung by Rishikesh Kamerkar &amp; Ranjana Jogalekar<br /> <br /> 9) Disato Tula Ka Sajani – Sung by Pt. Satyasheel Deshpande<br /> <br /> 10) Vilaya Jag He Jaail Saare – Sung by Ajit Parab &amp; Pratibha Damle<br /> <br /> 11) Deenanatha Dayasagara – Sung by Omkar Dadarkar<br /> <br /> ===Translations===<br /> She translated the following works:<br /> <br /> *Japanese [[haiku]] to produce ''Panyavarchya Paklya'' (पाण्यावरच्या पाकळ्या).<br /> *The [[Sanskrit]] work by poet [[Kalidasa]] ''[[Meghdoot]]'' into Marathi.<br /> *A Novel by Virendra Bhattachrya's Novel into ''Lokanche Rajya'' (लोकांचे राज्य)<br /> *A Novel ''Little Women'' by Louisa May Alcott into ''Chaughijani'' (चौघीजणी)<br /> <br /> ==Awards and recognitions==<br /> *''Soor Singaar'' award for her song [[Mage Ubha Mangesh]] (मागे उभा मंगेश, पुढे उभा मंगेश)<br /> *Govt. of India award of excellent for song-writing for her cinema ''Bhujang'' (भुजंग)<br /> *Ga Di Madgulkar award in 1996. <br /> *Yashvantrao Chawan Pratishan Award in 2001, for her contribution to Marathi literature.<br /> <br /> ==Death==<br /> Shanta Shelke died of cancer on 6 June 2002.<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[https://web.archive.org/web/20051226121840/http://marathiworld.com/sahitya/sahitik/shantabai.htm Marathiworld.com – Shirmati Shanta Shelke]<br /> *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927221433/http://www.screenindia.com/20020802/rmara.html Screen – Marathi cinema loses a creative songwriter]<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Shelke, Shanta}}<br /> [[Category:1922 births]]<br /> [[Category:2002 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Marathi-language writers]]<br /> [[Category:Writers from Pune]]<br /> [[Category:Sanskrit–English translators]]<br /> [[Category:Poets from Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]<br /> [[Category:Women writers from Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]<br /> [[Category:Presidents of the Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Sahitya Sammelan]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian women poets]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haunted_%E2%80%93_3D&diff=462955 2026-03-06T13:09:00Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: added content to improve readability per standard format</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use Indian English|date=December 2013}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Haunted – 3D<br /> | image = Haunted3D-filmposter.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[Vikram Bhatt]]<br /> | writer = Vikram Bhatt<br /> | producer = {{ubl|Vikram Bhatt|Arun Rangachari|[[Om Raut]]}}<br /> | story = Amin Hajee<br /> | starring = {{ubl|[[Mahaakshay Chakraborty]]|[[Tia Bajpai]]|[[Achint Kaur]]|[[Arif Zakaria]]}}<br /> | music = [[Chirantan Bhatt]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Pravin Bhatt]]<br /> | editing = Kuldeep Mehan<br /> | studio = {{ubl|ASA Productions and Enterprises Pvt. Ltd.|[[DAR Motion Pictures]]|BVG Films}}<br /> | distributor = [[Reliance Entertainment]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Vikram Bhatt's Haunted 3D to be distributed by Reliance Entertainment|website=Business of Cinema|date=26 March 2013|access-date=24 February 2023|url=https://businessofcinema.com/bollywood-news/vikram-bhatts-haunted-3d-to-be-distributed-by-reliance-entertainment/32994}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | released = {{film date|df=yes|2011|5|6}}<br /> | runtime = 143 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | budget = {{INR|link=yes}}13 [[crore]]&lt;ref name=BO&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=52 | title=Haunted 3D - Movie - Box Office India }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | gross = &lt;!--Do not remove--&gt;{{Estimation}}&lt;!--per WT:ICTF consensus--&gt; {{INR}} 36 crore&lt;ref name=&quot;BO&quot;/&gt;<br /> }}<br /> '''''Haunted – 3D''''' is a 2011 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[supernatural horror film]] directed by [[Vikram Bhatt]], starring [[Mahaakshay Chakraborty]], [[Tia Bajpai]], [[Achint Kaur]] and [[Arif Zakaria]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Mahaldar|first=Manisha|title=Haunted: Vikram Bhatt's new .horror flick|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/haunted-vikram-bhatts-new-horror-flick/142875-8-66.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211204851/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/haunted-vikram-bhatts-new-horror-flick/142875-8-66.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 February 2011|publisher=CNN-IBN|access-date=2011-02-09|date=9 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Turn on the fear factor in 3D|url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article1159451.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]| access-date=2011-02-09| author=Sangeetha Devi Dundoo|date=5 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is the first Indian [[3D film|stereoscopic 3D]] horror film.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Vikram Bhatt enters 3D world with 'Haunted'|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/vikram-bhatt-enters-3d-world-with-haunted/140727-8.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127034425/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/vikram-bhatt-enters-3d-world-with-haunted/140727-8.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 January 2011 |publisher=[[IBN Live]]|access-date=2011-05-21|agency=Indo-Asian News Service|date=17 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The promos and first look of the film were released on 7 February 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Vikram Bhatt is ready to scare you|url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2011/feb/090211-informer-4.htm|publisher=Mid-Day|access-date=2011-02-09|author=The Hitlist Team|date=9 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Haunted – 3D: Complete Cast and Crew details|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/cast/14347/index.html|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=2011-02-09|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110804195724/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/cast/14347/index.html|archive-date=4 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was released on 6 May 2011, receiving mixed reviews from critics.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/mixed-reviews-for-vikram-bhatt-s-haunted/story-SED0zvPZGDrj7iOFy0YupK.html|title=Mixed reviews for Vikram Bhatt's Haunted|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=6 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; It emerged as a commercial success.&lt;ref name=BO/&gt; The 3D Blu-ray was released on 3 August 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Haunted-3D-Blu-ray/27585/|title=Haunted 3D Blu-ray Release Date August 3, 2011 (Anaglyph 3D) (India)|website=Blu-ray.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A sequel titled [[Haunted 3D: Ghosts of the Past]] is scheduled to release in 2026.<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> {{Long plot|date=May 2022}}<br /> Rehan travels to Shimla to prepare Glen Manor for sale but learns it's haunted after the caretaker dies. Initially skeptical, he encounters supernatural events and discovers a letter from Meera Sabharwal, revealing she was raped by her piano teacher, Iyer, in 1936, and her spirit remains trapped by Iyer’s spirit. Rehan brings a psychic, Mrs. Stephens, who warns him about the presence of the evil entity, but he stays and is attacked by Iyer's spirit. The next morning, a ragpicker catches Rehan's attention, tells him about the cries of the innocent girl and sends Rehan back to 1936. He wakes up, and is startled by the looks of the place. He then sees a newspaper which had the year 1936 written on it, indicating he is indeed in the year 1936 and has time travelled. He befriends Meera and attempts to protect her from Iyer, but events unfold as before, with Iyer hurting Rehan and Meera killing Iyer. Injured, Rehan warns Meera about future dangers. They seek help from a Sufi Baba to break the curse. During the journey, Iyer’s spirit kills the caretaker, possesses Margaret, he then follows them, trying to abduct Meera and kill Rehan, but Rehan and Meera reach the Dargah. The Sufi Baba directs them to a well that can end Iyer's curse. Rehan successfully throws Meera's pendant into the well, defeating Iyer's spirit, but accidentally returns to 2011. Rehan finds a letter from Meera thanking him for freeing her and sees she lived a happy life, indicating Glen Manor is no longer haunted.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> * [[Mahaakshay Chakraborty]] as Rehan <br /> * [[Tia Bajpai]] as Meera Sabharwal <br /> * [[Achint Kaur]] as Margaret Malini<br /> * [[Arif Zakaria]] as Professor Iyer (evil spirit ghost) <br /> * [[Prachi Shah]] as Mrs. Stephens<br /> * [[Mohan Kapoor]] as the priest<br /> * Sanjay Sharma as the Sufi Baba (the ragpicker)<br /> * [[Mukesh Rawal]] as Bilawal ahmed, Rehan's father <br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> <br /> ===Critical response===<br /> Upon release, the film opened to mixed critical reviews. The ''[[Times of India]]'' while giving it three stars out of five stated &quot;if the film works -- and it works quite well -- is only because of the special effects of the film. Experiencing the horror in 3D is indeed a novel experience for the viewer, specially since it is smartly done.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Haunted 3D Movie Review|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Haunted-3D/moviereview/8167883.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2011-05-06|date=5 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Taran Adarsh]] of [[Bollywood Hungama]] gave it three and a half stars and concluded that &quot;Haunted is for today's movie savvy audience. It succeeds in keeping you tense and edgy, as a true poltergeist/horror flick should. There are scenes and situations aplenty to shock and astound the viewer coupled with the 3D effects, the prosthetics, the background score, an absorbing screenplay and deft handling of the subject material.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Adarsh|first=Taran|title=Haunted - 3D: Movie Review|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/14347/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100913035413/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/14347/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 September 2010|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=2011-05-06|author-link=Taran Adarsh|date=5 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shubhra Gupta of the ''[[Indian Express]]'' rated it with two stars saying that &quot;the only new thing about 'Haunted' is that it is Bollywood horror in 3D. The rest of it, by which we mean the principal stuff that makes it a film—story, location, characters—are all same old same old.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Gupta|first=Shubhra|title=Haunted|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/haunted/786887/0/|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=2011-05-06|date=6 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Anupama Chopra]] of [[NDTV|NDTV Movies]] awarded the film one and a half stars describing it as &quot;an absolutely ridiculous horror movie that works better as comedy, unintentional of course.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Chopra|first=Anupama|title=Review: Haunted|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_review.aspx?lang=hindi&amp;id=617|publisher=[[NDTV|NDTV Movies]]|access-date=2011-05-06|author-link=Anupama Chopra|date=6 May 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921090457/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_review.aspx?lang=hindi&amp;id=617|archive-date=21 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Preeti Arora of [[Rediff]] also gave it one and a half stars saying that &quot;Haunted fails at reviving the age old haunted-house premise, bringing nothing new to the platter.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Arora|first=Preeti|title=Review: Haunted is extremely torturous |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/movie-review-haunted/20110506.htm|publisher=[[Rediff]]|access-date=2011-05-06|date=6 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Box office===<br /> According to boxofficeindia.com, ''Haunted – 3D'' recorded the highest opening ever for an Indian horror film. Released with over 1044 prints, the film grossed {{INR}} 130&amp;nbsp;million during its opening weekend.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Haunted Records Largest Horror Film Opening Ever|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/npages.php?page=shownews&amp;articleid=2870&amp;nCat=news |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=2011-05-21 |date=10 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; By the end of its first week, the film grossed {{INR}} 143.0&amp;nbsp;million.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Haunted Has Good First Week|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&amp;articleid=2880&amp;nCat=box_office_news |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=2011-05-21|author=Boxofficeindia.Com Trade Network|date=13 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the second weekend, the film experienced a drop of 55% from its first weekend collections, grossing {{INR}} 3.50 crore for a ten-day total of {{INR}} 180&amp;nbsp;million.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Haunted Emerges Major Success|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&amp;articleid=2894&amp;nCat=box_office_news|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=2011-05-21|author=Boxofficndia.Com Trade Network|date=16 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; After four weeks, the film grossed {{INR}} 262.5&amp;nbsp;million in India,&lt;ref name=&quot;gross4&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Ready Bumper Opening Pyaar Ka Punchnama Steady|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxdetail.php?page=shownews&amp;articleid=2955&amp;nCat=box_office_report|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=2011-06-05|author=Boxofficeindia.Com Trade Network|date=4 June 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605201053/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxdetail.php?page=shownews&amp;articleid=2955&amp;nCat=box_office_report|archive-date=5 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; and {{INR}} 350&amp;nbsp;million worldwide.&lt;ref name=&quot;worldwidegross&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Top Worldwide Grossers Mid Year 2011|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&amp;articleid=3096&amp;nCat=box_office_news |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=2011-08-05|author=Boxofficeindia.Com Trade Network|date=1 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was declared a ''Hit'' by ''Boxoffice-india''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=368&amp;catName=MjAxMQ== |title=All India 2011 (Figures in INR Crore) |access-date=2011-06-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604214749/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=368&amp;catName=MjAxMQ== |archive-date=4 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> The music is composed by [[Chirantan Bhatt]] while the lyrics are penned by [[Shakeel Azmi]] and [[Junaid Wasi]].<br /> <br /> ===Track listing===<br /> {{Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = Jaaniya<br /> | extra1 = [[Siddharth Basrur]] <br /> | lyrics1 = Junaid Wasi<br /> | length1 = 5:07<br /> | title2 = Mujhe De De Har Gum Tera<br /> | extra2 = [[Siddharth Basrur]]<br /> | lyrics2 = Junaid Wasi<br /> | length2 = 4:58<br /> | title3 = Sau Baras<br /> | extra3 = [[Tia Bajpai]]<br /> | lyrics3 = Junaid Wasi<br /> | length3 = 5:05<br /> | title4 = Tera Hi Bas Hona Chahoon<br /> | extra4 = Jojo, Ali Zaidi, [[Najam Sheraz]] | lyrics4 = Junaid Wasi<br /> | length4 = 5:39<br /> | title5 = Tum Ho Mera Pyaar<br /> | extra5 = [[Krishnakumar Kunnath|KK]], [[Suzanne D'Mello]]<br /> | lyrics5 = Shakeel Azmi<br /> | length5 = 5:06<br /> | title6 = You're So Beautiful<br /> | extra6 = [[Nikhil D'Souza]] <br /> | lyrics6 = Junaid Wasi<br /> | length6 = 4:30<br /> <br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{Official website|http://www.haunted3dfilm.com/}}<br /> *{{IMDb title|1887763|Haunted}}<br /> <br /> {{Vikram Bhatt}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Haunted - 3D}}<br /> [[Category:2011 films]]<br /> [[Category:2011 3D films]]<br /> [[Category:2011 Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2011 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2010s supernatural horror films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian horror thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian supernatural horror films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian 3D films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Vikram Bhatt]]<br /> [[Category:2010s films about time travel]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in country houses]]<br /> [[Category:DAR Motion Pictures films]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Railway_budget_of_India&diff=448387 2026-03-05T02:05:25Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: Enhanced and reorganized content</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Annual Financial Statement of the state-owned Indian Railways}}<br /> {{Update|date=September 2021}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}<br /> [[File:The Union Minister for Railways, Shri Lalu Prasad after giving final touches to the Railway Budget 2009-10, in New Delhi on February 12, 2009.jpg|300px|thumb|Minister of Railways, Lalu Prasad after giving final touches to the Railway Budget 2009–10, in New Delhi on February 12, 2009]]<br /> '''Railway budget of India''' was the Annual Financial Statement for [[Indian Railways]] administered by the Railway Board, which handles [[rail transport in India]]. It was presented every year by the [[Minister of Railways (India)|Minister of Railways]], representing the [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]], in the [[Parliament of India|Parliament]].<br /> <br /> The Railway Budget was presented every year, a few days before the [[Union budget of India|Union budget]], till 2016. [[Modi government]] on 21 September 2016 approved merger of the Rail and [[Union budget of India|General budgets]] from the next year, ending a 92-year-old practice of a separate budget for the nation's largest transporter.The decision to merge the Railway Budget with the Union Budget was made in 2016, following the submission of a white paper titled 'Dispensing with the Railway Budget' by the NITI Aayog Committee chaired by Bibek Debroy.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |title=What Led To The Merger Of Railway And Union Budget In 2017 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/business-news/union-budget-2025-what-led-to-the-merger-of-railway-and-union-budget-in-2017-7517662#:~:text=The%20decision%20to%20merge%20the,to%20the%20decades-old%20practice. |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The paper was presented to Railways Minister [[Suresh Prabhu]] said that this merger proposal was in the long term interest of railways as well as the country's economy and was a colonial practice that needed to be ended.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Railway-budget-to-be-merged-with-General-budget-from-2017/article14570182.ece1|title=Railway budget to be merged with General budget from 2017|work=The Hindu |date=14 August 2016|via=www.thehindu.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> Following the recommendation of the Acworth Committee in 1920–21, headed by British railway economist [[William Mitchell Acworth|William Acworth]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{London Gazette|issue=32188 |date=11 January 1921 |supp=y |page=278}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The &quot;Acworth Report&quot; led to reorganisation of railways, and the railway finances were separated from the general government finances in 1924. After that, in 1924, the budget was announced, a practice that continued till 2016.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book|last=Powell Anstey|first=Vera|title=The Economic Development of India|year=1977|orig-year=1952|edition=4th|publisher=Ayer Publishing|pages=136–137|isbn=9780405097751|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fq1MVCSqu4sC&amp;amp;q=acworth+committee&amp;amp;pg=PA136}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book|last=Headrick|first=Daniel R|title=The tentacles of progress: technology transfer in the age of imperialism, 1850-1940|year=1988|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=9780195051162|pages=80|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0wjDxYlArQAC&amp;amp;q=acworth+committee&amp;amp;pg=PA80}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|last=Debroy|first=Bibek|title=Railway Budget 2012: Best time to raise fares is now|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-03-06/news/31127130_1_railways-budget-acworth-committee-railway-finances|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222161622/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-03-06/news/31127130_1_railways-budget-acworth-committee-railway-finances|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 February 2014|access-date=19 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=6 March 2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> [[John Matthai]] presented the first Railway Budget for Independent India on 20 November 1947, the Interim Railway Budget. Then, just 3 months later, he presented his second Railway Budget on 24 February 1948 where revised estimates showed a fall in earnings of about 8 crores rupees as compared with the budget estimates.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web | title=This Day 73 Years Ago, Independent India's First Interim Railway Budget Was Presented by John Mathai| date=20 November 2020| url=https://www.railpost.in/this-day-73-years-ago-independent-indias-first-interim-railway-budget-was-presented-by-john-mathai/}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web | title=Speech of DR. JOHN MATTHAI introducing the Railway Budget for 1948-49, on 24th February 1948. | url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/finance_budget/Previous%20Budget%20Speeches/1948-49.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712171158/https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/finance_budget/Previous%20Budget%20Speeches/1948-49.pdf | archive-date=12 July 2021 | access-date=12 July 2021 | url-status=bot: unknown }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> [[Jagjivan Ram]] and [[Nirmala Sitharaman]] the current Finance Minister under the Modi Government 3.0 have presented the railway budget most 7 times.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |title=लालू यादव नहीं, इन्होंने सबसे ज्यादा बार पेश किया था रेल बजट |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/hindi/business-news/babu-jagjivan-ram-is-the-railway-minister-who-present-rail-budget-maximum-7-times/1026350/ |language=hi}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> The first live telecast took place on 24 March 1994.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |title=Railway budget derailed: Five facts you probably didn't know |date=21 September 2016 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/budget/railway-budget-derailed-5-facts-you-probably-didnt-know/}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> [[File:The Union Minister of Railways Shri Lalu Prasad giving finishing touches to the Railway Budget, 2004 - 2005 in New Delhi on July 5, 2004.jpg|thumb|The Union Minister of Railways Lalu Prasad giving finishing touches to the Railway Budget, 2004 - 2005 in New Delhi on July 5, 2004]]<br /> [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]], who remained Railways Minister from 2004 to May 2009, presented the railway budget 6 times in a row. In 2009, under his tenure a {{INRConvert|108|b}} budget was passed.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web | title = Lalu announces some more trains| url = http://www.hindu.com/2009/02/20/stories/2009022053181300.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090223140512/http://www.hindu.com/2009/02/20/stories/2009022053181300.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 23 February 2009 |date=20 February 2009| work = [[The Hindu]]| access-date = 14 September 2013}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> In the year 1999, [[Mamata Banerjee]] (later [[Chief Minister of West Bengal|Chief Minister]] of [[West Bengal]]) became the first female [[Minister of Railways (India)|Railway Minister]]. In 2000, she became the first female to present the Railway budget&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |title=Speech of Kumari Mamata Banerjee Introducing the Railway Budget for 2000-01, on 25th February 2000 |url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/finance_budget/Previous%20Budget%20Speeches/2000-01.pdf}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and is the only woman to do so for two different governing coalitions ([[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]] and [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]).<br /> <br /> In 2014 budget, Railway Minister [[D. V. Sadananda Gowda]] announced the first [[Shinkansen|bullet train]] and 9 [[High-speed rail in India|High-Speed Rail routes]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|title=Gowda's announces first bullet train between Mumbai-Ahmedabad|url=http://www.patrika.com/news/gowdas-rail-budget-might-include-bullet-train/1016461|access-date=8 July 2014|work=Patrika Group|date=8 July 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> The last Railway Budget was presented on 25 February 2016 by Mr. [[Suresh Prabhu]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web|title = After 92 years, Rail Budget is history|url = http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/after-92-years-rail-budget-is-history-116092100575_1.html|website = Business Standard|access-date = 24 March 2017|language = en-US}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> == Gallery ==<br /> Traditions included the Railway Minister making final changes to the budget, carrying the briefcase with the budget documents, and attending an after budget press meet.&amp;lt;gallery&amp;gt;<br /> File:The Union Minister for Railways Shri Nitish Kumar entering Parliament to present Interim Railway Budget (2004-05) in New Delhi on January 30, 2004.jpg|alt=The Union Minister for Railways Shri Nitish Kumar entering Parliament to present Interim Railway Budget (2004-05) in New Delhi on January 30, 2004|The then Union Minister for Railways, [[Nitish Kumar]] entering the Parliament to present the Interim Railway Budget (2004-05) in New Delhi on January 30, 2004<br /> File:The Union Minister for Railways, Shri Lalu Prasad giving finishing touches to the Railway Budget 2005-06 in New Delhi on February 25, 2005.jpg|The then Union Minister for Railways, [[Lalu Prasad Yadav|Lalu Prasad]] giving finishing touches to the Railway Budget of 2005-06 in New Delhi on February 25, 2005<br /> File:The Union Minister for Railways, Kumari Mamata Banerjee interacting with the media persons after presentation of Railway Budget 2011-12, in New Delhi on February 25, 2011 (2).jpg|The then Union Minister for Railways, [[Mamata Banerjee]] interacting with the media persons after presentation of the Railway Budget of 2011-12, in New Delhi on February 25, 2011<br /> File:D.V. Sadananda Gowda giving finishing touches to the Railway Budget 2014-15, in New Delhi. The Minister of State for Railways, Shri Manoj Sinha, the Chairman, Railway Board (1).jpg|D.V. Sadananda Gowda and Manoj Sinha, the then Minister of State for Railways, giving finishing touches to the Railway Budget 2014-15, in New Delhi<br /> File:The Union Minister for Railways, Shri Mallikarjun Kharge arrives at Parliament House to present the Interim Railway Budget 2014-15documents, in New Delhi on February 12, 2014.jpg|The then Union Minister for Railways, [[Mallikarjun Kharge]] arriving at the Parliament House to present the Interim Railway Budget of 2014-15, in New Delhi on February 12, 2014<br /> File:Dinesh Trivedi interacting with the media persons after presentation of Railway Budget 2012-13, in New Delhi. The Ministers of State for Railways.jpg|Dinesh Trivedi interacting with the media persons after presentation of the Railway Budget of 2012-13, in New Delhi.<br /> &amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Union budget of India]]<br /> *[[Military budget of India]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == Further reading ==<br /> * [http://pib.nic.in/archieve/railbudget/rbudget2010/RBspeechEng.pdf Railway Budget Speech 2010] [[Press Information Bureau]], Govt. of India.<br /> * [http://pib.nic.in/eng.pdf Railway Budget, 2012-13] Press Information Bureau<br /> * [http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2013/feb/d2013022602.pdf Railway Budget, 2013-14] Press Information Bureau<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/ Official website of the Ministry of Railways]<br /> <br /> {{Union budget of India}}<br /> {{Indian Railways |state=autocollapse}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Ministry of Railways (India)]]<br /> [[Category:Union budgets of India]]<br /> [[Category:Railway Budgets of India|*]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Major_Chandrakanth_(1966_film)&diff=515234 2026-03-04T05:12:18Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: Started first entry added tags - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|1966 film by K. Balachander}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Major Chandrakanth<br /> | image = Major Chandrakanth (1966 film).jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[K. Balachander]]<br /> | writer = K. Balachander<br /> | based_on = {{based on|''[[Major Chandrakanth (play)|Major Chandrakanth]]''|K. Balachander}}<br /> | producer = [[A. V. Meiyappan]]<br /> | starring = {{ubl|[[Major Sundarrajan]]|[[Nagesh]]|[[R. Muthuraman]]|[[A. V. M. Rajan]]|[[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]]}}<br /> | cinematography = [[S. Maruti Rao]]<br /> | editing = R. G. Gopu<br /> | music = [[V. Kumar]]<br /> | studio = [[AVM Productions]]<br /> | released = {{film date|1966|11|11|df=y}}<br /> | runtime = 163 minutes{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=388}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> }}<br /> '''''Major Chandrakanth''''' is a 1966 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] written and directed by [[K. Balachander]]. Based on his play of [[Major Chandrakanth (play)|the same name]], the film stars [[Major Sundarrajan]], [[Nagesh]], [[R. Muthuraman]], [[A. V. M. Rajan]] and [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]]. Produced by [[A. V. Meiyappan]] of [[AVM Productions]], it revolves around a retired and blind [[Major (rank)|major]] who gives asylum to a fugitive wanted for committing murder, unaware that the victim was his younger son.<br /> <br /> ''Major Chandrakanth'' was released on 11 November 1966, during [[Diwali]]. It became a commercial success, and won two Chennai Film Fans' Association Awards: Best Film, and Best Supporting Actor (Muthuraman). Sundarrajan, who portrayed the title role, later became popularly known with the prefix &quot;Major&quot;.<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> {{more plot|date=May 2021}}<br /> Mohan is a tailor who lives with his younger sister Vimala. Orphaned at an early age, Mohan goes through a life of hardship and fulfills all his sister's wishes. Rajinikanth, a [[Promiscuity#Male promiscuity|promiscuous man]], lures Vimala and cheats on her. Unable to face her brother, she commits suicide. Mohan confronts Rajinikanth and kills him in revenge. Now a fugitive, Mohan hides in the house of Chandrakanth, a retired and blind [[Major (rank)|major]]<br /> <br /> Mohan is amused and fascinated by Chandrakanth's virtues and how he manages to live though he is blind. Mohan reveals why he is on the run from the law and ironically, the deceased happens to be Chandrakanth's younger son. Chandrakanth feels humiliated for nurturing Rajinikanth and is sorry for Mohan's plight. Ultimately, Chandrakanth's elder son Srikanth, an inspector, arrests Mohan along with his father for showing hospitality to a criminal.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> *[[Major Sundarrajan]] as Major Chandrakanth<br /> *[[Nagesh]] as Mohan<br /> *[[R. Muthuraman]] as Srikanth<br /> *[[A. V. M. Rajan]] as Rajinikanth<br /> *[[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]] as Vimala<br /> &lt;!-- * I. S. R as Selvam<br /> * S. Raman as Sekaran<br /> * Master Dasarathan as Mohan's assistant<br /> * [[Typist Gopu]] as Moorthy --&gt;<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> In October 1963, it was announced that [[K. Balachander]] had sold the film rights of his play ''[[Major Chandrakanth (play)|Major Chandrakanth]]''; the film adaptation would be directed by [[P. Madhavan]] for Nithyakalyani Films, and star [[Sivaji Ganesan]], but was later shelved.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=Ramachandran |first=T. M. |date=19 October 1963 |title=Studio News |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12215/page/n389/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230202075215/https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12215/page/n389/mode/2up |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=28 September 2021 |magazine=[[Sport and Pastime]] |page=50 |via=[[Internet Archive]] |volume=17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;kamadenu&quot; /&gt; Instead, the play was adapted into a [[Hindi]] film ''[[Oonche Log (1965 film)|Oonche Log]]'' in 1965, with a different cast and crew.{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=386}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Narayan |first=Hari |date=15 November 2016 |title=KB's continuum |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/KB%E2%80%99s-continuum/article16448445.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123114238/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/KB%E2%80%99s-continuum/article16448445.ece |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 November 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[A. V. Meiyappan]] later decided to produce a Tamil film adaptation of the play under his banner [[AVM Productions]] with the same title, and Balachander was chosen as director, as it was Meiyappan's long-time desire that Balachander make a film for AVM.&lt;ref name=&quot;lakshmansruthi&quot; /&gt;{{Sfn|Saravanan|2013|pp=190–191}}<br /> <br /> [[Major Sundarrajan|Sundarrajan]], who portrayed the blind major Chandrakanth in the Tamil play, reprised his role in this film.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Krishnamachari |first=Suganthy |date=27 August 2015 |title=Made a 'Major' impact |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/the-major-effect/article7586580.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223091227/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/the-major-effect/article7586580.ece |archive-date=23 December 2017 |access-date=6 February 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=3 May 2011 |title=The KB school |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-kb-school/article1986770.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404085651/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-kb-school/article1986770.ece |archive-date=4 April 2018 |access-date=6 February 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The character's sons Srikanth and Rajinikanth were played by [[R. Muthuraman]] and [[A. V. M. Rajan]] respectively, replacing [[Srikanth (actor, born 1940)|Venky]] and Govindarajan.{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=388}}&lt;ref name=&quot;TCRC&quot; /&gt; [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]] was cast as Vimala,{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=388}} unlike the play where the same character was [[Unseen character|unseen]].&lt;ref name=&quot;TCRC&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Yamunan |first=Sruthisagar |date=23 December 2014 |title=A powerful portrayer of middle-class predicament in plays |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/a-powerful-portrayer-of-middleclass-predicament-in-plays/article6719995.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725125713/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/a-powerful-portrayer-of-middleclass-predicament-in-plays/article6719995.ece |archive-date=25 July 2018 |access-date=25 July 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was the only collaboration between her and Balachander.&lt;ref name=&quot;kamadenu&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;child-rearing&quot; /&gt; [[Nagesh]] was cast as Vimala's brother Mohan, replacing Gokulnath.{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=388}}&lt;ref name=&quot;TCRC&quot; /&gt; The role was a departure from the comedic roles he was then generally known for.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Raman |first=Mohan |author-link=Mohan Raman |date=3 January 2015 |title=KB: Kollywood's Discovery Channel |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/kb-kollywoods-discovery-channel/article6751541.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501063135/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/kb-kollywoods-discovery-channel/article6751541.ece |archive-date=1 May 2015 |access-date=6 April 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cinematography was handled by [[S. Maruti Rao]],{{sfn|Saravanan|2013|p=191}} the art direction by A. K. Sekhar,&lt;ref name=&quot;poster&quot; /&gt; and the editing by R. G. Gopu.&lt;ref name=&quot;movie&quot; /&gt; Meiyappan's sons Murugan, Kumaran and [[M. Saravanan (producer)|Saravanan]] were assistant producers.&lt;ref name=&quot;movie&quot; /&gt; The final length measured {{convert|4425|metres|feet}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;lakshmansruthi&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> The music was composed by [[V. Kumar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Major Chandrakanth (1966) |url=http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/album/T0001679.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130803111611/http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/album/T0001679.html |archive-date=3 August 2013 |access-date=14 June 2014 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The song &quot;Kalyana Sapadu Podava&quot; is set in the [[Carnatic raga]] known as [[Sindhu Bhairavi (raga)|Sindhu Bhairavi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=10 May 2013 |title=Light and melodious |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/light-and-melodious/article4702358.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723083947/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/light-and-melodious/article4702358.ece |archive-date=23 July 2018 |access-date=23 July 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The song &quot;Oru Naal Yaaro&quot;, picturised on Mohan going to prove to the audience in his neighbourhood that his Vimala is singing on the radio, became a chartbuster.&lt;ref name=&quot;child-rearing&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = Naane Pani Nilavu<br /> | lyrics1 = [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]<br /> | extra1 = [[P. Susheela]]<br /> | length1 = 4:06<br /> | title2 = Oru Naal Yaaro<br /> | lyrics2 = Vaali<br /> | extra2 = P. Susheela<br /> | length2 = 3:35<br /> | title3 = Netrunee Chinnapappa<br /> | lyrics3 = Vaali<br /> | extra3 = [[T. M. Soundararajan]], P. Susheela<br /> | length3 = 4:01<br /> | title4 = Kalyana Sapadu Podava<br /> | lyrics4 = Vaali<br /> | extra4 = T. M. Soundararajan<br /> | length4 = 4:12<br /> | title5 = Kalyana Sapadu Podava<br /> | note5 = Pathos<br /> | lyrics5 = Vaali<br /> | extra5 = T. M. Soundararajan<br /> | length5 = 1:35<br /> | title6 = Thuninthunil<br /> | lyrics6 = [[Suratha]]<br /> | extra6 = [[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]]<br /> | length6 = 1:25<br /> | total_length = 18:54 &lt;!-- Automatically generated with User:JPxG/TrackSum.js --&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Release and reception ==<br /> ''Major Chandrakanth'' was released on 11 November 1966,{{sfn|Saravanan|2013|p=189}} during [[Diwali]].&lt;ref name=&quot;poster&quot; /&gt; In a review dated 26 November 1966, ''[[The Indian Express]]'' said Sundarrajan brought not only &quot;complete conviction and dignity&quot; to his role but also &quot;revels his rare characterisational depth and sensitivity.&quot; The reviewer also praised the performances of Nagesh, Jayalalithaa, Muthuraman and Rajan, the photography and the editing.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=26 November 1966 |title=Sundararajan excels in ''Major Chandrakanth'' |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jJFlAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=xZ4NAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=1510%2C3843788 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715102633/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jJFlAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=xZ4NAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=1510%2C3843788 |archive-date=15 July 2024 |access-date=22 August 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A critic from ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised the performances of the cast, particularly Sundarrajan, but felt the film looked like a play in many places.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |date=4 December 1966 |title=மேஜர் சந்திரகாந்த் |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1966/dec/04-12-1966/p44.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220725113340/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1966/dec/04-12-1966/p44.jpg |archive-date=25 July 2022 |access-date=25 July 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=44 |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film won two Chennai Film Fans' Association Awards: Best Film, and Best Supporting Actor (Muthuraman).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=1 October 1999 |title=அன்றிலிருந்து இன்றுவரை சினிமா |trans-title=Cinema from then until today |url=http://www.vlambaram.com/archives/October%2001,%2099.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317204106/http://vlambaram.com/archives/October%2001,%2099.pdf |archive-date=17 March 2016 |access-date=15 December 2021 |work=Vlambaram |pages=7 |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Legacy ==<br /> Following the film's commercial success, Sundarrajan became popularly known with the prefix &quot;Major&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=7 March 2003 |title=Dialogue delivery set him apart |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2003/03/07/stories/2003030701070300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927232434/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2003/03/07/stories/2003030701070300.htm |archive-date=27 September 2013 |access-date=24 September 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; During the making of ''[[Apoorva Raagangal]]'' (1975), Balachander rechristened newcomer Shivaji Rao Gaekwad as [[Rajinikanth]], named after A. V. M. Rajan's character,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |author-link=Naman Ramachandran |date=8 December 2012 |title=It was a small role, but people would remember him |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/It-was-a-small-role-but-people-would-remember-him/article12190436.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406055925/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/It-was-a-small-role-but-people-would-remember-him/article12190436.ece |archive-date=6 April 2018 |access-date=6 April 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Rajinikanth went on to become one of the most successful [[Movie star|stars]] of Tamil cinema.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Narayan |first=Hari |date=23 July 2016 |title=The superstar and the man |url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/The-superstar-and-the-man/article14504885.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404085651/http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/The-superstar-and-the-man/article14504885.ece |archive-date=4 April 2018 |access-date=6 February 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=Srinivasa |date=6 March 2015 |title=Holi: The day Rajinikanth was 'born' |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/holi-the-day-rajinikanth-was-born/article6966062.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418111623/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/holi-the-day-rajinikanth-was-born/article6966062.ece |archive-date=18 April 2015 |access-date=18 April 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references&gt;<br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;kamadenu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=ராம்ஜி |first=வி. |date=11 November 2022 |title=சுந்தர்ராஜனுக்கு 'மேஜர்' பட்டம் தந்த 'சந்திரகாந்த்!' |url=https://kamadenu.hindutamil.in/cinema/56-years-of-major-chandrakanth |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118041621/https://kamadenu.hindutamil.in/cinema/56-years-of-major-chandrakanth |archive-date=18 November 2022 |access-date=18 November 2022 |website=[[Kamadenu (magazine)|Kamadenu]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;lakshmansruthi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1966&amp;nbsp;– மேஜர் சந்திரகாந்த்&amp;nbsp;– (நாடகம்) ஏ.வி.எம். |trans-title=1966&amp;nbsp;– Major Chandrakanth&amp;nbsp;– (Play) A.V.M. |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1966-cinedetails34.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404090504/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1966-cinedetails34.asp |archive-date=4 April 2018 |access-date=4 April 2018 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;TCRC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bhatt |first=Karthik |date=13 April 2017 |title=Major Chandrakanth : From Stage to Celluloid |url=https://tcrcindia.com/2017/04/13/major-chandrakanth-from-stage-to-celluloid/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206165027/https://tcrcindia.com/2017/04/13/major-chandrakanth-from-stage-to-celluloid/ |archive-date=6 February 2018 |access-date=6 February 2018 |website=The Cinema Resource Centre}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;child-rearing&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ganapathy |first=Venkatesh |date=20 December 2016 |title=The right balance in child-rearing |url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/open-page/The-right-balance-in-child-rearing/article16907501.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406060642/http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/open-page/The-right-balance-in-child-rearing/article16907501.ece |archive-date=6 April 2018 |access-date=6 April 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;poster&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=11 November 1966 |title=Major Chandrakanth |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&amp;dat=19661111&amp;printsec=frontpage&amp;hl=en |access-date=18 February 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;movie&quot;&gt;{{Cite AV media |title=Major Chandrakanth |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=[[AVM Productions]] |year=1966 |time=0:00 to 5:13 |time-caption=Opening credits, from}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;/references&gt;<br /> <br /> == Bibliography ==<br /> * {{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |author-link=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |author-link2=Paul Willemen |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] and [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |orig-date=1994}}<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Saravanan |first=M. |author-link=M. Saravanan (producer) |title=AVM 60 Cinema |publisher=Rajarajan Pathippagam |year=2013 |edition=3rd |oclc=1158347612 |orig-date=2005}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> * {{Rotten Tomatoes}}<br /> <br /> {{AVM Productions}}<br /> {{K. Balachander}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1966 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:1966 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1966 drama films]]<br /> [[Category:1966 films]]<br /> [[Category:AVM Productions films]]<br /> [[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Tamil Nadu Police]]<br /> [[Category:Films about blind people in India]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by K. Balachander]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by V. Kumar]]<br /> [[Category:Films with screenplays by K. Balachander]]<br /> [[Category:Indian drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian films about revenge]]<br /> [[Category:Indian films based on plays]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=144_(film)&diff=462539 2026-03-03T03:10:21Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: added structure to improve readability</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2015 Indian film by G. Manikandan}}<br /> {{No plot|date=June 2025}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = 144 film poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = G. Manikandan<br /> | producer = [[C. V. Kumar]]&lt;br /&gt;[[T. E. Abinesh|Abinesh Elangovan]]<br /> | starring = [[Shiva (actor)|Shiva]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Ashok Selvan]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Oviya]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Sonu Gowda|Sruthi Ramakrishnan]]<br /> | cinematography = [[R. B. Gurudev]]<br /> | editing = [[Leo John Paul]]<br /> | music = [[Sean Roldan]]<br /> | studio = [[Thirukumaran Entertainment]]&lt;br /&gt;Abi &amp; Abi Pictures<br /> | released = {{Film date|2015|11|27|df=y}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> }}<br /> '''''144''''' is a 2015 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[heist film|heist]] [[comedy film]] directed by G. Manikandan and produced by [[C. V. Kumar]], starring [[Shiva (actor)|Shiva]], [[Ashok Selvan]], [[Oviya]] and [[Sonu Gowda|Shruthi Ramakrishnan]]. The film's plot is partially inspired by the novel ''Vasanthakaala Kutrangal'' ({{Translation|The Crimes of Spring}}) by [[Sujatha (writer)|Sujatha]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; It was released on 27 November 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 November 2015 |title=144 get a clean chit |url=https://www.livechennai.com/detailnews.asp?catid=10&amp;newsid=22743 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250614062047/https://www.livechennai.com/detailnews.asp?catid=10&amp;newsid=22743 |archive-date=14 June 2025 |access-date=14 June 2025 |website=LiveChennai.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> {{Expand section|January 2026|date=January 2026}}<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> *[[Shiva (actor)|Shiva]] as Thesi<br /> *[[Ashok Selvan]] as Madhaan<br /> *[[Oviya]] as Kalyani<br /> *[[Sonu Gowda|Shruthi Ramakrishnan]] as Divya<br /> *[[Munishkanth|Ramdoss]] as Ravi Varman<br /> *[[Madhusudhan Rao (actor)|Madhusudhan Rao]] as Rayappan<br /> *[[Sujatha Sivakumar]] as Meenakshi Rayappan<br /> *[[Uday Mahesh|Udayabhanu Maheshwaran]] as 'Feelings' Ravi<br /> *&quot;Hello&quot; Kandasaamy as Tube<br /> *[[Ambani Shankar]]<br /> }}<br /> [[Karunakaran (actor)|Karunakaran]] and [[S. J. Suryah]] provide narration for the film with the former providing the voiceover at the beginning of the film.<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> The film was launched by producer [[C. V. Kumar]] with the new director Manikandan, and it began shooting in February 2015, with a principal cast of [[Shiva (actor)|Shiva]], [[Ashok Selvan]], [[Oviya]] and [[Sonu Gowda|Sruthi Ramakrishnan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 February 2015 |title=Producer CV Kumar kick starts '144' |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/producer-cv-kumar-kick-starts-144-news-tamil-pckkHfcggejhh.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216041201/http://www.sify.com/movies/producer-cv-kumar-kick-starts-144-news-tamil-pckkHfcggejhh.html |archive-date=16 February 2015 |access-date=5 December 2018 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=CR |first=Sharanya |date=26 November 2015 |title=It was difficult to pick up the Madurai slang |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/It-was-difficult-to-pick-up-the-Madurai-slang/articleshow/49921174.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828130759/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/it-was-difficult-to-pick-up-the-madurai-slang/articleshow/49921174.cms |archive-date=28 August 2024 |access-date=8 October 2020 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The team shot scenes in [[Madurai]], with Ashok Selvan portraying an illegal car racer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 February 2015 |title=From an honest detective to an illegal car racer! |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/from-a-honest-detective-to-an-illegal-car-racer.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206001723/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/from-a-honest-detective-to-an-illegal-car-racer.html |archive-date=6 December 2018 |access-date=5 December 2018 |website=Behindwoods.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; After a single long filming schedule, the film was announced to be nearing completion by April 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 April 2015 |title=''I have signed a project with a big production house'' |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/actor-ashok-selvan-is-enthused-about-savaale-samalis-release-144-shooting-wraps-in-one-week.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225210534/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/actor-ashok-selvan-is-enthused-about-savaale-samalis-release-144-shooting-wraps-in-one-week.html |archive-date=25 December 2024 |access-date=5 December 2018 |website=Behindwoods.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = 144<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Sean Roldan]]<br /> | cover =<br /> | alt =<br /> | released = {{start date|2015|10|30|df=y}}<br /> | recorded =<br /> | venue =<br /> | studio =<br /> | genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length =<br /> | language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> | label = [[Think Music]]<br /> | producer = Sean Roldan<br /> | prev_title = [[Aadama Jaichomada]]<br /> | prev_year = 2014<br /> | next_title = [[Joker (2016 film)|Joker]]<br /> | next_year = 2016<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The soundtrack was composed by [[Sean Roldan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Karthik |author-link=Karthik Srinivasan |date=1 November 2015 |title=144 (Music review), Tamil – Sean Roldan |url=https://milliblog.com/2015/11/01/144-music-review-tamil-sean-roldan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250514084848/https://milliblog.com/2015/11/01/144-music-review-tamil-sean-roldan/ |archive-date=14 May 2025 |access-date=14 June 2025 |website=[[Milliblog]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 October 2015 |title=144 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/144-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1053425050 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/3EFC6 |archive-date=25 February 2026 |access-date=25 February 2026 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{track listing<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = 18:32&lt;!-- Automatically generated with User:JPxG/TrackSum.js --&gt;<br /> | title1 = Vinai Theerkum Pillayada<br /> | extra1 = [[Sean Roldan]], Sathyaprakash &amp; Shenbagaraj<br /> | length1 = 3:42<br /> | title2 = Poove Pooviname<br /> | extra2 = [[Sean Roldan]], [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]]<br /> | length2 = 3:10<br /> | title3 = Kenathakaanum Kenathakaanum<br /> | extra3 = [[Anthony Daasan]], Malavika Sundar<br /> | length3 = 4:17<br /> | title4 = Velamarapattayum<br /> | extra4 = Shenbagaraj<br /> | length4 = 1:23<br /> | title5 = Aagaa<br /> | extra5 = Hariharasudhan<br /> | length5 = 3:06<br /> | title6 = Kaasu Kadacha Loose Pudikkum<br /> | extra6 = [[Anthony Daasan]], Gowrishankar &amp; Susha<br /> | length6 = 2:54<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Critical reception ==<br /> M. Suganth of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 3 out of 5 and wrote, &quot;the director, G Manikandan makes up for the lack of visual flair with wackiness that is distinctly homegrown (his superb visual twist to the term lip-lock is an instant classic), and confidently spins his yarn like an experienced raconteur&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Suganth |first=M |date=28 November 2015 |title=144 Movie Review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/144/movie-review/49957290.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201173216/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/144/movie-review/49957290.cms |archive-date=1 December 2015 |access-date=29 November 2015 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Baradwaj Rangan]] wrote for ''[[The Hindu]]'', &quot;Manikandan badly wants us to accept him as &quot;hip&quot; and &quot;new-age&quot; and whatever else we call the makers of C. V. Kumar's productions –– he fractures the narrative to an extent that leaves it in a shambles&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=28 November 2015 |title=144: A shaky start, but lots of laughs later |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/144-movie-review/article7927466.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408062534/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/144-movie-review/article7927466.ece |archive-date=8 April 2023 |access-date=3 August 2019 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Sify]]'' wrote, &quot;The bottom-line is, ''144'' starts off in a promising manner but what doesn't work so well is the pacing in the second half, as the climax is stretched&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=30 November 2015 |title=144 |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/144-review-tamil-pl2kFnbcjhdag.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630074450/https://www.sify.com/movies/144-review-tamil-pl2kFnbcjhdag.html |archive-date=30 June 2022 |access-date=14 June 2025 |work=[[Sify]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> * {{Rotten Tomatoes}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2010s heist films]]<br /> [[Category:2015 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2015 black comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:2015 directorial debut films]]<br /> [[Category:2015 films]]<br /> [[Category:2015 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Films produced by C. V. Kumar]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Sean Roldan]]<br /> [[Category:Indian black comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian heist films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language black comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Loveyatri&diff=457891 2026-03-02T09:47:46Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: slightly improve lead for clarity and added references</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|2018 film directed by Abhiraj K. Minawala}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Loveyatri: A Journey of Love<br /> | image = Loveyatri poster.jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = Abhiraj K. Minawala<br /> | producer = [[Salman Khan]]<br /> | writer = [[Niren Bhatt]]<br /> | based_on = [[Devadasu (2006 film)|''Devadasu'']] (2006) by [[Y. V. S. Chowdary]]<br /> | starring = [[Aayush Sharma]]&lt;br/&gt;Hira Warina<br /> | music = '''Songs:'''&lt;br/&gt;[[Tanishk Bagchi]]&lt;br/&gt;Lijo George – DJ Chetas&lt;br/&gt;[[JAM8]]&lt;br/&gt;'''Score:'''&lt;br/&gt;[[Sanchit Balhara]]<br /> | cinematography = Jishnu Bhattacharjee<br /> | editing = Ritesh Soni<br /> | studio = [[Salman Khan Films]]<br /> | distributor = [[Yash Raj Films]]<br /> | released = {{film date|df=y|2018|10|05|India|ref1=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/life-style/celebrity/case-charged-against-salman-khan-for-his-latest-movie-love-yatri-1.2281460|title=Case charged against Salman Khan for his latest movie &quot;Love Yatri&quot;|last=IANS|date=23 September 2018|website=gulfnews.com|access-date=7 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> | runtime = 139 minutes&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/loveyatri-2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006085601/https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/loveyatri-2018|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 October 2019|title=Loveyatri|website=www.bbfc.co.uk|access-date=4 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | budget = {{INR|32&amp;nbsp;crore}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3941|title=Loveyatri – Movie – Box Office India|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=15 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | gross = {{estimation}} {{INR|18.14 crore}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=LoveYatri Box Office Collection till Now – Bollywood Hungama|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/loveratri/box-office/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=5 October 2018 |access-date=6 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Loveyatri: A Journey of Love''''' ({{IPA|hi|ləʋjaːt̪ɾɪ}}) is a 2018 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film produced by [[Salman Khan]] under [[Salman Khan Films]] and directed by debutante Abhiraj K. Minawala. It is inspired by the 2006 [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film [[Devadasu (2006 film)|''Devadasu'']].{{cn|date=April 2025}} It stars newcomers [[Aayush Sharma]] and Hira Warina in the lead roles and was released on 5 October 2018.<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> The story starts with Sushrut &quot;Susu&quot; Pandya who meets Manisha &quot;Michelle&quot; Patel during a Garba festival. Sushrut is a local guy from a middle class household in [[Gujarat]] who wishes to open a Garba academy while Michelle is a bright NRI student from a wealthy family. They meet when she comes to [[Vadodara]]. Sushrut falls in love at first sight and wishes to meet Michelle again. During one of the Garba nights, Sushrut stays around Michelle and she accidentally hits [[dandiya]] on his eye. He fakes an injury with his friends Negative and Rocket and his uncle playing along. She calls him to apologize. Sushrut acts as if he was deeply injured.<br /> <br /> As time passes Sushrut and Michelle spend time together and they become friends. Kushboo (Rocket's love interest) tells Sushrut that he shouldn't play around with Michelle's feelings and that she will reveal the truth about his fake injury. Sushrut, fearing he will lose Michelle once she finds out about his lie, accidentally reveals the truth himself to her when he goes to find out why she hasn't returned his calls or messages. Michelle says she already understood that the injury was fake as he goofed up and bandaged the incorrect side of his forehead. Also, he kept the bandage just for a day then forgot to put it back the next day. They laugh and start developing feelings for each other. One night they open up to each other revealing Michelle's dream to make her late mother's wishes come true. That same evening Michelle's father, Sam, looks for her and Kushboo reveals the truth about Michelle's whereabouts and Sushrut. Sam decides to take matters into his own hands and sets up a meeting with Sushrut only to brainwash him against Michelle and reveals she has a boyfriend named Chris back in London.<br /> <br /> Meanwhile, Michelle finds out about her graduation and treats Sushrut, Rocket and Negative to pizza at an expensive restaurant. Whilst there, Sushrut vents his anger at her and insults her for leading him on. Michelle, not understanding and clearly upset, leaves the restaurant. She goes back to London with Sam. Sushrut, however, is unable to bear the separation and after his uncle convinces him, he rushes to meet Michelle with Negative and Rocket, but they have an accident and miss their chance as the flight takes off. <br /> <br /> After some time, Sushrut manages to arrive in London with his uncle and searches for Michelle. He meets her at the soup kitchen she had told him about before. Sushrut and Michelle hang out and she introduces him to her friends, Chris being one of them. As he spends time with them he is annoyed by Chris and Michelle's closeness and doesn't enjoy the London lifestyle Michelle leads. At the same time Sam discovers that Sushrut is in London and is always around Michelle. He tries to keep them apart by confronting Sushrut again. This time he takes a cricket bat and damages his car and forces Sushruts's hand around his neck in order to frame him. The police arrive, Sushrut is arrested and taken away. At the police station, he meets two Gujarati police officers and tells them his story. They agree to help Sushrut unite with Michelle.<br /> <br /> Michelle tries to reach Sushrut to no avail and goes to see his uncle. His uncle reveals that Sushrut has been missing and reveals what Sam had done back in India. She confronts him and lashes out at home for his actions. Eventually Sushrut enters the park in a jeep and both Sushrut and Michelle play Garba together. Michelle reveals to Sushrut that her &quot;boyfriend&quot; Chris is actually [[Homosexuality|gay]]. Sam realises his mistake and joins the couple, blessing them for a happy life ahead. <br /> <br /> Michelle eventually goes back to India and successfully fulfills her mother's dream whilst Sushrut has finally opened up his Garba Academy. In the end they both live happily after.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{colbegin}}<br /> * [[Aayush Sharma]] as Sushrut &quot;Susu&quot; Pandya, Michelle's love interest and later husband<br /> * Hira Warina as Manisha &quot;Michelle&quot; Patel, Sushrut's love interest and later wife<br /> **Naisha Khanna as Little Michelle<br /> * [[Ronit Roy]] as Sameer &quot;Sam&quot; Patel, Michelle's father<br /> * [[Ram Kapoor]] as Rasik Desai, Susu's uncle (''mama'')<br /> * [[Pratik Gandhi]] as Nagendra &quot;Negative&quot; Pathak, Susu's best friend<br /> * Sajeel Parakh as Rakesh &quot;Rocket&quot; Joshi, Susu's best friend<br /> * [[Manoj Joshi (actor)|Manoj Joshi]] as Natthu Kaka<br /> * Kenneth Desai as Hari Pandya, Sushrut's father<br /> * Alpana Buch as Seema Pandya, Susu's mother<br /> * Alisha Prajapati as Khushboo Pandey, Negative's girlfriend &amp; Michelle's friend in Vadodara<br /> * Bilal Kazi<br /> * Arnab Shah<br /> * Amitabh Mishra<br /> * Tainara as Mrs. Patel, Sam's wife &amp; Michelle's mother<br /> * [[Arbaaz Khan]] as Inspector Jignesh Ajmera, London Police (special guest appearance)<br /> * [[Sohail Khan]] as Inspector Bhavesh Ajmera, London Police (special guest appearance)<br /> * [[Amit Bhatt]] as Guest appearance<br /> * Kyle Smith as Chris Cost, Michelle's friend in London<br /> * Caroline Wilde as Kate Mathew, Michelle's friend in London<br /> * Tordan Bhai as Chaiwala in Vadodara<br /> {{colend}}<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> Salman Khan announced the film in 2017. He also confirmed via [[Twitter]] that the film would star his brother-in-law Aayush Sharma and would be directed by Abhiraj Minawala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/salman-khans-all-set-to-launch-aayush-sharma-in-the-film-loveratri-25633.html|title=Salman Khan's all set to launch Aayush Sharma in the film Loveratri|work=filmfare.com|access-date=12 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abhiraj was [[Ali Abbas Zafar]]'s assistant director for ''[[Sultan (2016 film)|Sultan]]'' and ''[[Tiger Zinda Hai]]''. In February 2018, Salman announced that Warina Hussain would be the leading lady of the film.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/warina-salman-khan-loveratri-5053377/|title=Salman Khan introduces Loveratri's female lead Warina Hussain|date=7 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film is the Bollywood debut for both Aayush and Warina. ''Loveyatri'' is a romantic drama set against the backdrop of [[Navratri]] in [[Gujarat]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/loveyatri-preview-aayush-sharma-and-warina-hussain-are-all-set-to-make-you-fall-in-love-1926986|title=Loveyatri Preview: Aayush Sharma And Warina Hussain Are All Set To Make You Fall In Love|website=NDTV.com|date=2 October 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Aayush stars as a Garba teacher from Baroda, who falls in love with an NRI, played by Warina, when she visits the town during the festival.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Loveyatri Review {3/5}: 'LoveYatri' is a straightforward love story – nothing more, nothing less|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/loveyatri/movie-review/66074005.cms|access-date=12 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The film was shot in two schedules. Several scenes were also shot in Vadodara in March 2018. This was followed by the second half starting in April 2018 in London. Principal photography completed in June 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/photos/loveratri-aayush-sharma-family-and-warina-hussain-return-london-409845|title=Loveratri: Aayush Sharma with family and Warina Hussain return from London|website=PINKVILLA|date=2 May 2018 |access-date=12 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Loveyatri – A Journey of Love<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Tanishk Bagchi]], Lijo George – DJ Chetas and [[JAM8]]<br /> | cover = <br /> | alt = <br /> | released = {{start date|2018|10|03|df=y}}<br /> | recorded = 2018<br /> | venue = <br /> | studio = <br /> | genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 32:18<br /> | language = [[Hindi]]<br /> | label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br /> | producer = <br /> | prev_title = <br /> | prev_year = <br /> | next_title = <br /> | next_year = <br /> | misc = {{External media<br /> | audio1 = {{YouTube|bPe-LWmPZ4A |Official Audio Jukebox}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Extra chronology<br /> | artist = [[Tanishk Bagchi]]<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | prev_title = [[Mitron]]<br /> | prev_year = 2018<br /> | title = Loveyatri<br /> | year = 2018<br /> | next_title = [[Jalebi (film)|Jalebi]]<br /> | next_year = 2018<br /> }}<br /> {{Extra chronology<br /> | artist = [[JAM8]]<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | prev_title = [[Crisscross (2018 film)|Crisscross]]<br /> | prev_year = 2018<br /> | title = Loveyatri<br /> | year = 2018<br /> | next_title = [[Badhaai Ho]]<br /> | next_year =2018<br /> }}<br /> {{Extra chronology<br /> | artist = Lijo George – DJ Chetas<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | prev_title = [[Mitron]]<br /> | prev_year = 2018<br /> | title = Loveyatri<br /> | year = 2018<br /> | next_title = [[Simmba]]<br /> | next_year = 2018<br /> }}<br /> {{Singles<br /> | name = Loveyatri<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | single1 = Chogada<br /> | single1date = 14 August 2018<br /> | single2 = Akh Lad Jaave<br /> | single2date = 23 August 2018<br /> | single3 = Tera Hua<br /> | single3date = 30 August 2018<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> [[Tanishk Bagchi]], Lijo George – DJ Chetas and [[JAM8]] composed the soundtrack of the film while the lyrics are penned by [[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]], [[Manoj Muntashir]], [[Darshan Raval]], [[Tanishk Bagchi]], [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]], [[Niren Bhatt]], [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]] and Hommie Dilliwala.<br /> <br /> The soundtrack of the film was released by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] on 3 October 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.saavn.com/s/album/hindi/Loveyatri---A-Journey-Of-Love-2018/zaeK9b2r,xo|title=Loveyatri – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack|date=3 October 2018|publisher=[[Saavn]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The song &quot;Chogada Tara&quot; became popular upon release.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/its-raining-celebrations-for-singer-darshan-raval-as-chogada-tara-kamariya-top-the-charts/|title=It's Raining Celebrations For Singer Darshan Raval As Chogada Tara &amp; Kamariya Top The Charts!|date=14 November 2018|work=Koimoi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | all_writing = <br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = {{Duration|m=32|s=18}}<br /> | title1 = Chogada<br /> | extra1 = [[Darshan Raval]], [[Asees Kaur]]<br /> | music1 = Lijo George – DJ Chetas<br /> | lyrics1 = [[Darshan Raval]], [[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]]<br /> | length1 = 4:09<br /> | title2 = Akh Lad Jaave<br /> | extra2 = Asees Kaur, [[Jubin Nautiyal]], '''Rap by:''' [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]]<br /> | music2 = [[Tanishk Bagchi]]<br /> | lyrics2 = Tanishk Bagchi, Badshah<br /> | length2 = 3:00<br /> | title3 = Tera Hua<br /> | extra3 = [[Atif Aslam]]<br /> | music3 = Tanishk Bagchi<br /> | lyrics3 = [[Manoj Muntashir]]<br /> | length3 = 3:34<br /> | title4 = Rangtaari<br /> | extra4 = [[Dev Negi]], [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]] &lt;br&gt; Additional Vocal: [[Raja Hasan]]<br /> | music4 = Tanishk Bagchi<br /> | lyrics4 = Shabbir Ahmed, Yo Yo Honey Singh, Hommie Dilliwala<br /> | length4 = 3:37<br /> | title5 = Dholida<br /> | extra5 = [[Udit Narayan]], [[Palak Muchhal]], [[Neha Kakkar]], Raja Hasan<br /> | music5 = Tanishk Bagchi<br /> | lyrics5 = Shabbir Ahmed<br /> | length5 = 3:36<br /> | title6 = Loveyatri Title Track<br /> | extra6 = [[Divya Kumar (singer)|Divya Kumar]] <br /> | music6 = [[JAM8]]<br /> | lyrics6 = [[Niren Bhatt]]<br /> | length6 = 2:32<br /> | title7 = Chogada<br /> | note7 = Unplugged<br /> | extra7 = [[Darshan Raval]]<br /> | music7 = Lijo George – DJ Chetas<br /> | lyrics7 = Darshan Raval, Shabbir Ahmed <br /> | length7 = 4:00<br /> | title8 = Tera Hua<br /> | note8 = Unplugged<br /> | extra8 = Atif Aslam <br /> | music8 = Tanishk Bagchi <br /> | lyrics8 = Manoj Muntashir<br /> | length8 = 3:50<br /> | title9 = Loveyatri Mashup <br /> | extra9 = Various Artists <br /> | music9 = Lijo George-DJ Chetas<br /> | lyrics9 = Various Artists <br /> | length9 = 4:00<br /> }}<br /> <br /> [[File:Warina Hussain snapped promoting Loveratri at National College in Bandra (04) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Warina Hussain promoting ''Loveratri'' at [[R. D. National College]] in [[Bandra]]]]<br /> <br /> == Controversy ==<br /> A minor dispute emerged during the film's promotions, in late September 2018, regarding the film's name.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/salman-khan-loveratri-loveyatri-5363965/|title=Salman Khan's next production venture Loveratri is LoveYatri now|date=19 September 2018|website=indianexpress.com|access-date=7 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was originally titled ''Loveratri'', which is a play on the words &quot;[[love]]&quot; and &quot;[[Navratri]]&quot; (a religious 9-day celebration of the [[Hindu]] goddess [[Durga]]). However, the religious organisation [[Vishva Hindu Parishad]] felt that the title distorted the meaning of the festival and filed a complaint against the producers. A court in [[Bihar]] asked the police to file a [[First Information Report]] against the actor Salman Khan and the rest of the film's cast. On 18 September 2018, Khan announced on his [[Instagram]] page that the film's title would be changed from ''Loveratri'' to ''Loveyatri'', with &quot;yatri&quot; meaning &quot;traveller&quot;, thus changing the overall meaning approximately to &quot;the journey of love&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/salman-khan-changes-warina-hussain-and-aayush-sharmas-loveratri-title-its-loveyatri-now-1918660|title=Salman Khan Changes Warina Hussain And Aayush Sharma's Loveratri Title. It's Loveyatri Now|website=ndtv.com|date=18 September 2018 |access-date=7 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> However, the following day a Gujarat-based [[Hindu]] organization, Sanatan Foundation, legally filed a [[Public Interest Litigation]] against the new name, claiming that it still sounded too similar to &quot;Navratri&quot;. They sought another name change (possibly to &quot;Love Ki Yatra&quot;), changing the film's content, or to ban the film entirely for &quot;hurting the sentiments of Hindus&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/loveratri-loveyatri-title-change-salman-khan-5365114/|title=Loveyatri is unacceptable, says Hindu outfit|date=19 September 2018|website=indianexpress.com|access-date=7 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 27 September 2018, the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] ruled in favor of the film's producers, stating that &quot;no coercive action is to be taken in any part of the country against Salman Khan Ventures Pvt ltd.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/no-coercive-action-against-loveyatri-producer-salman-khan-supreme-court-1923017|title=No Coercive Action Against &quot;Loveyatri&quot; Producer Salman Khan: Top Court|website=ndtv.com|access-date=7 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The ruling was submitted considering the film's status as having been cleared by the [[Central Board of Film Certification]] (CBFC), and yet had an FIR registered in Bihar against it and a criminal complaint pending in Vadodara, Gujarat. The statement concluded by asserting that any further complaints, particularly those related to the contents or name of the film, would not be entertained.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/sc-stays-fir-against-makers-of-loveyatri-after-salman-khan-moves-court-alleging-threats-from-hindu-outfits-5273351.html|title=SC stays FIR against makers of LoveYatri after Salman Khan moves court, alleging threats from Hindu outfits|website=firstpost.com|date=27 September 2018 |access-date=7 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{Facebook|LoveyatriTheFilm|''Loveyatri''}}<br /> * {{IMDb title|7820846|Love Will Take Over|(original title ''Loveyatri'')}}<br /> * {{Bollywood Hungama movie|loveratri|LoveYatri}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Gujarat]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in London]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Films distributed by Yash Raj Films]]<br /> [[Category:Films produced by Salman Khan]]<br /> [[Category:2018 romantic drama films]]<br /> [[Category:2018 films]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi remakes of Telugu films]]<br /> [[Category:Durga Puja in popular culture]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Gujarat]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Hundred_Bucks&diff=456397 2026-03-02T04:28:33Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: brief corrected intro based on references and added references</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = The Hundred Bucks<br /> | image = The Hundred Bucks poster.jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | director = [[Dushyant Pratap Singh]]<br /> | producer = <br /> | writer = Vishnupriya Singh<br /> | screenplay = M Salim<br /> | based_on = A book<br /> | starring = Kavita Tripathi&lt;br&gt;Dinesh Bawra<br /> | music = <br /> | released = {{Film date|2020|02|21|df=yes}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/the-hundred-bucks/movie-review/74230245.cms|title=The Hundred Bucks|newspaper=The Times Of India|date=20 February 2020|first=Pallabi Dey|last=Purkayastha|accessdate=13 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | language = [[Hindi]]<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''The Hundred Bucks''''' (Hindi:द हंड्रेड बक्स)&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|url=https://www.jagran.com/haryana/kurukshetra-promotion-of-the-hundred-bucks-film-in-kurukshetra-19261867.html|title=Promotion of the film the Hundred Bucks in Kurukshetra|work=www.jagran.com|author=Jagran}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a 2020 Indian film directed by Dushyant Pratap Singh. The film stars Kavita Tripathi and Dinesh Bawra in lead. The film is distributed by [[Manoj Nandwana]]. The film is written by Vishnupriya Singh.<br /> <br /> The screenplay of the above movie is written by M. Salim, an Indian writer known for penning down the screenplay of Dongri Ka Raja. Directed by Hadi Ali Abrar, the movie stars Ronit Roy, Gashmeer Mahajani, and Reecha Sinha in lead roles.<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> The hundred Bucks tells the story of one night of a call girl. How she finds her customers and how she got cheated.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.patrika.com/varanasi-news/student-burn-the-hundred-bucks-movie-poster-in-varanasi-5786579/ | title=छात्रों ने जलाये the Hundred Bucks Movie के पोस्टर, कहा फिल्म को नहीं होने देंगे रिलीज &amp;#124; Student burn the Hundred Bucks Movie Poster in Varanasi | date=17 February 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> * Alya bhati&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/the-hundred-bucks/articles/|title=Film The hundred Bucks, reviews on Bollywood Hungama|author=Bollywood Hungama|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=21 February 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Danish taimoor<br /> * Javed Shaikh<br /> * Amar Mehta&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/movie/movie-news/cameraman-amar-mehta-spills-beans-his-latest-film-the-hundred-bucks-says-he-loved | title=Cameraman Amar Mehta spills beans on his latest film the Hundred Bucks; says he loved playing his role }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film 1.5 out of 5 stars.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Dey Purkayastha |first1=Pallabi |title=The Hundred Bucks Movie Review : Noble intent, execution fails |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/the-hundred-bucks/movie-review/74230245.cms |access-date=2 July 2023 |work=The Times of India |date=20 Feb 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Another negative review can be found at FilmInformation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Information |first=Film |date=2020-02-22 |title=THE HUNDRED BUCKS {{!}} 22 February, 2020 – Film Information |url=https://filminformation.com/reviews/the-hundred-bucks-21-february-2020/ |access-date=2024-02-22 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was declared a commercial disaster by ''[[Box Office India]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Hundred Bucks |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=5813 |website=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=2 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb title|11502856}}<br /> * {{Bollywood Hungama movie|the-hundred-bucks}}<br /> <br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Hundred Bucks, The}}<br /> [[Category:2020s erotic thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:2020 Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2020 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian erotic thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Films about the illegal drug trade]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aadhaar_(2019_film)&diff=483922 2026-03-02T04:24:46Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: Stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian Hindi-language film directed by Suman Ghosh}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Aadhaar<br /> | image = Aadhaar Film Poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[Suman Ghosh (director)|Suman Ghosh]]<br /> | producer = [[Manish Mundra]]<br /> | writer = [[Suman Ghosh]]&lt;br&gt;[[Amitosh Nagpal]]<br /> | starring = [[Vineet Kumar Singh]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Raghubir Yadav]]&lt;br&gt;[[Saurabh Shukla]]&lt;br&gt;[[Sanjay Mishra (actor)|Sanjay Mishra]]<br /> | music = [[Shantanu Moitra]]<br /> | cinematography = Ravi Kiran Ayyagari<br /> | editing = Bodhaditya Banerjee<br /> | runtime = <br /> | studio = [[Drishyam Films]]&lt;br&gt;Jio Studios<br /> | distributor = [[UFO Moviez]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2019|10|3|[[24th Busan International Film Festival|Busan]]}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Aadhaar''''' is a 2019 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[dramedy]] film directed by [[Suman Ghosh (director)|Suman Ghosh]]. The film is written by [[Amitosh Nagpal]] and Suman Ghosh. Amitosh has also written dialogues and lyrics for the film.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/adhar-will-be-very-interesting-vineet-kumar-singh-118062900703_1.html|title='Adhar' will be very interesting: Vineet Kumar Singh|work=Business Standard|date=29 June 2018|accessdate=4 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Produced by [[Manish Mundra]] under his banner [[Drishyam Films]], the film stars [[Vineet Kumar Singh]], who is the first one in his village to get his [[Aadhaar]] card made.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities-mukkabaaz-actor-vineet-kumar-singh-s-next-is-an-interesting-take-on-aadhaar-card-450202|title=Mukkabaaz actor Vineet Kumar Singh's next is an interesting take on Aadhaar card|publisher=India TV|date=30 June 2018|accessdate=4 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Raghubir Yadav]], [[Saurabh Shukla]] and [[Sanjay Mishra (actor)|Sanjay Mishra]] appear in supporting roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/vineet-kumar-singh-says-ex-commandos-trained-him-for-bard-of-blood-reveals-details-about-film-on-aadhar-card/story-fpYOfaoaGBINgcOUUBkSSL.html|title=Vineet Kumar Singh says ex-commandos trained him for Bard of Blood, reveals details about film on Aadhar card<br /> |last=Kaushal|first=Sweta|work=Hindustan Times|date=24 August 2019|accessdate=4 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film had its premiere at the [[24th Busan International Film Festival]] under the section 'A Window on Asian Cinema'.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/aadhaar-to-premiere-at-busan-international-film-festival-5966668/|title=Aadhaar to premiere at Busan International Film Festival|work=The Indian Express|date=4 September 2019|accessdate=5 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was supposed to be released in India this 5 February 2021, but it was postponed.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/amp/vineet-kumar-singhs-aadhaar-to-release-on-feb-5-in-theatres/2009117|title=Vineet ] Kumar Singh's ''Aadhaar'' to release on Feb 5 in theatres|work=Outlook|date= 12 January 2021|accessdate=12 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/india/copyright-issue-says-uidai-days-after-aadhaar-maker-says-release-of-film-put-on-hold/705623/|title=Copyright issue, says UIDAI, days after 'Aadhaar' maker says release of film put on hold|first=Revathi|last=Krishnan|date=29 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Synopsis==<br /> The film revolves around Pharsua, a resident of the village of Jamua, and his aadhaar (resident identification) card ID, issued by the Indian government. Villagers are suspicious that the government will collect their information and monitor them, so they show no interest in the new ID card despite the benefits that accrue to ID cardholders. Pharsua volunteers and he becomes the first person in the village to receive the new aadhaar card and is a star. But one day, the village priest predicts that the serial number on his ID card will soon cause the death of his wife, and Pharsua starts on a journey to save his wife. Now getting his ID number changed is of utmost importance to him, but it becomes an inviolable and unchangeable absolute number since it has been entered into the system. Pharsua wails about the unfairness of his ID number, but no one outside of his village listens to his pleas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.biff.kr/eng/html/program/prog_view.asp?idx=44478&amp;c_idx=332&amp;sp_idx=&amp;QueryStep=2|title=A Window on Asian Cinema|website=Busan International Film Festival}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> *[[Vineet Kumar Singh]] as Pharsua<br /> *[[Sanjay Mishra (actor)|Sanjay Mishra]] as Shastri<br /> *[[Saurabh Shukla]] as Parmanand Singh<br /> *[[Raghubir Yadav]] as Ghisu<br /> *[[Alka Amin]] as Rani's Mother<br /> *[[Ekavali Khanna]] as Mrs.Dahiya<br /> *Vishwanath Chatterjee as Minister<br /> *Prithvi Hatte as Rani<br /> *[[Prem Prakash Modi]] as Rani's Father<br /> *[[Ishtiyak Khan]] as Rastogi<br /> *Bachan Pachera as Santram<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> Ghosh, a director who has made films in Bengali cinema, said that he had several stories that will have &quot;no takers in Bangla cinema.&quot;&lt;ref name=tt&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/suman-ghosh-is-set-to-make-his-first-hindi-film-with-mukkabaaz-man-vineet-kumar-singh/cid/1432741|title=Suman Ghosh is set to make his first Hindi film with Mukkabaaz man Vineet Kumar Singh|last=Chatterjee|first=Arindam|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=4 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2011, he read an article about the Aadhaar Card on ''[[The New York Times]]'', which triggered the idea of the film and he wrote a synopsis. Ghosh sent the synopsis of ''Aadhaar'' to the co-production market of the Busan International Film Festival which was eventually selected in 2016. The film was shot in Jharkhand in December 2018 to January.&lt;ref name=tt/&gt; The shooting wrapped in February 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/suman-ghosh-wraps-up-his-aadhaar-shoot/articleshow/67899601.cms|title=Suman Ghosh wraps up his 'Aadhaar' shoot|work=The Times of India|date=8 February 2019|accessdate=4 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{imdbtitle|tt10500478}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2019 Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2019 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2019 films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]<br /> [[Category:2019 comedy-drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Jharkhand]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Jharkhand]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Suman Ghosh]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language comedy-drama films]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maradeka&diff=458682 2026-03-02T03:22:16Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Pro-democracy Islamic political organization}}<br /> {{Multiple issues|<br /> {{Promotional|date=October 2014}}<br /> {{more citations needed|date=October 2014}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Infobox organization<br /> |name = Maradeka<br /> |image =<br /> |image_border =<br /> |size =<br /> |caption = Flag of Maradeka<br /> |map =<br /> |msize =<br /> |mcaption =<br /> |formation = 2000<br /> |extinction =<br /> |type = Political organization, Alliance<br /> |vision =<br /> |purpose = [[Islamic democracy]] [[Bangsamoro]] Right to Self-Determination<br /> |headquarters = [[Manila]]<br /> |location = [[Mindanao]], [[Philippines]]<br /> |region_served = [[Bangsamoro]]<br /> |leader_title = Secretary General<br /> |leader_name = Datu Nash Pangadapun<br /> |main_organ = The Majlis and The Permanent Secretariat<br /> |parent organization =<br /> |affiliations =<br /> |num_staff =<br /> |num_volunteers =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Maradeka''' is a [[pro-democracy]] [[Islam]]ic political organization which espouses non-violent political action,&lt;ref&gt;Mahatma Gandhi, International Day of Non-Violence, Oct. 2, 2011 [[Nonviolence]]&lt;/ref&gt; and is based in the [[Philippines]]. The organization has been active against a backdrop of over 40 years of armed Muslim insurgency, mounted by the [[Moro National Liberation Front]] (MNLF)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Moro-National-Liberation-Front |access-date=2024-09-04 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Moro Islamic Liberation Front]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Moro Islamic Liberation Front |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/milf.htm |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=www.globalsecurity.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20020803223821/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/milf.htm title= Moro Islamic Liberation Front]&lt;/ref&gt; (MILF) in their quest for self-rule. These groups emerged following popular dissent with the Philippine government, and their treatment of the Muslim minority as second class citizens, which caused extensive suffering. These years of social, economic, and political inequities are known as the 'Mindanao problem'.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mb.com.ph/node/196203|title= Mindanao problem |work=Manila Bulletin }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mindanao's problems are the country's problems—Marcos |url=https://mb.com.ph/2023/11/13/mindanao-problem-is-ph-s-problem-marcos |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=Manila Bulletin |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The term ''Maradeka'' is rooted in the [[Malay language|Malay]] word [[merdeka]],&lt;ref&gt;Malay word, &quot;merdeka&quot;[[Merdeka]] used widely in South East Asia&lt;/ref&gt; meaning ''freedom'' or ''liberation'', and was adopted as the name of the umbrella freedom alliance of 72 [[Bangsamoro]] civil and political organizations. These include Task Force Mindanao, Alternative Muslim Mindanao Entrepreneurial Dev't, Inc (AMMENDI), Basilan Solidarity, Organization of Maguindanaon and Iranon, Bangsamoro Consultative Assembly, Bangsamoro Supreme Council of Ulama (BSCU), Maradeka Youth, Bangsa Iranun Muslim Advocates for Peace, Inc., Ittihadun As-Shabab Al-Muslimeen, Karitan Foundation Inc., Mindanao Peace Observers, Manila Peace Zone Community Association (MAPZCA), and Mindanao War Victims.<br /> <br /> Maradeka derives its strength from grassroot communities, citizens action and consensus building through regional people's assemblies (RPA) held in various regions in the Philippines, such as [[Mindanao]] and [[Sulu]], Central [[Luzon]] and [[Calabarzon]]. In addition, the group articulates voices of the marginalized [[Moro people|Moro]] people, democratic dialogues, participatory community consultations ([[shura]]), social and political advocacy campaigns, and launches mass actions to organise protests, appeals, and demands on various legal issues and policies affecting Muslim people in the Philippines.<br /> <br /> ==Moro War for Secession from the Philippines==<br /> Muslims in the Southern Philippines, known as Moro or [[Moro people|Bangsamoro]], claim to have preceded the Philippine Commonwealth when the United States Government granted self-rule in 1935. This followed demands for independence by [[Filipinos|Filipino]] politicians, led by [[Manuel L. Quezon]].<br /> <br /> The Bangsamoro people have established, independent [[Sultanates]], such as the [[Sultanate of Sulu]], [[Sultanate of Maguindanao]] and the Pat A Pangampong of Ranaw (Federal States of Ranaw). These Moro Sultanates mounted a colonial resistance known as the [[Spanish–Moro Wars]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1574278/Moro-Wars Moro Wars]&lt;/ref&gt; by Dr. [[Cesar Adib Majul]] in his book 'History of the Muslims in the Philippines'. This was carried out as a resistance to the incursion of Spanish Colonial power in 1571 and the annexation of the Mindanao, Sulu, and [[Palawan (island)|Palawan islands]] by the [[United States]] in the [[Moro–American War]] (1899–1913). This followed the [[Spanish–American War]] (1899–1902), and the Moros' [[Moros during World War II|resistance to Japanese invasion in World War II]].<br /> <br /> The last four decades of [[Moro insurgency in the Philippines|Philippine–Bangsamoro conflict]] are the most recent, but not the final stage of Moro Wars. The modern Muslim revolt can be seen in an unorganized uprising in early 1950 (the Kamlon revolt) and during 1968 in the organized secessionist [[Mindanao Independence Movement]] of Udtog Matalam, which jolted the Philippine government.{{citation needed|date=September 2024}}<br /> <br /> === Historical roots of the Maradeka organization ===<br /> The infamous [[Jabidah Massacre]], on March 18, 1968, which saw Moro army recruits allegedly massacred, was the catalyst for the broader [[Moro conflict|Moro Insurgency in the Philippines]]. Around this time, the Sabah-trained &quot;Black Shirts&quot; emerged who fought the Philippine militias called &quot;Ilaga,&quot; they came to be known later as the Moro National Liberation Front seeking to establish what it called the independent Bangsamoro Republik.<br /> <br /> Approximately one month after [[Ferdinand Marcos]]' declaration of [[Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos|Martial Law]] on September 21, 1972, Moro rebels stormed [[Philippine Constabulary]] camps and government installations in [[Marawi City]] in the historic ''Marawi revolt''. In addition, they overran the state university calling for Muslim secession. Following this the Moro revolution rapidly became widespread all over [[Mindanao]].<br /> <br /> A Philippine Army general, [[Fortunato Abat]],&lt;ref&gt;Gen. Fortunato Abat [http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/003502495] The CEMCOM story: The Day We Nearly Lost Mindanao, Published 2003&lt;/ref&gt; has described how the Philippines almost lost [[Mindanao]]{{citation needed|date=May 2025}}.<br /> <br /> The freedom-loving Moro people lived up to the Malay tradition of enjoying a collective lifestyle, free from alien subjugation, control, or dominance. The indigenous human rights to life and [[self-determination]] were strongly defended by early Moro leaders, chieftains, datus, Sultans, and Moro freedom fighters since this point in time.<br /> <br /> The American soldiers attested to the ferociousness of the Moro warriors in the battlefield. In continuing the struggle, Maradeka emerged as non-violent political organization as an alternative to armed struggle mounted by the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) during their secessionist campaign beginning in 1968 and sustained by its breakaway groups, namely: MNLF Reformist Group&lt;ref&gt;''The Philippines after Marcos'', by Ronald James May &amp; Francisco Nemenzo [https://books.google.com/books?id=AdYOAAAAQAAJ&amp;dq=MNLF+Reformist+group&amp;pg=PA120], Published 1985, p.119–125&lt;/ref&gt; led by Kumander Dimas Pundato and Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MNLF) led by late Ustadz [[Salamat Hashim]] in war for self-rule in Mindanao, the largest southern islands of the Philippines.<br /> <br /> The restlessness in the recurrent Mindanao conflict brought Moro political activists and bonded [[Islamists]] and pro-democratic political groups of youth and students, academe, professionals, clerics, workers and employees, businessmen, traders, urban poor, overseas contract workers, and women in the push for broader people participation toward peace and democracy in the Philippines.<br /> <br /> ==Origin of Rising Moro Organization==<br /> [[File:Maradeka women.jpg|thumb|Maradeka women in Human Rights Action]]Convenors of Maradeka evolved from the middle of the 1980s during the height of Muslim student activism in Mindanao as new option for peaceful and democratic people participation against the backdrop of Bangsamoro people armed resistance against the repressive and chauvinistic Philippine government of strongman Pres. Marcos. Now, Maradeka as it was formally organized during its Convenor' Assembly in [[University of the Philippines]] as mass organization in July 2000, stepped up the broadening and heightening of mass struggle in the attainment of its lofty aspiration for freedom, justice, human rights, and the assertion of Bangsamoro people's right to self-determination.&lt;ref&gt;Maradeka in Action: The Primer&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Maradeka had been active in advancing Moro [[civil and political rights]] and the advocacy of peace cognizant of the United Nations International covenants on ECOSOC and Civil and Political Rights.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_ccpr.htm= United Nations international covenants on ECOSOC and Civil and Political Rights]&lt;/ref&gt; The unabated political repression, oppression, and discrimination resulting to serious violations of human rights, civil liberties, and deprivations of economic, cultural and social rights by the government authorities perpetrated against the Muslims in Mindanao, more popularly known as the Bangsamoro people have caused more public resistance and banded cause-oriented groups to redress collectively these pressing problems confronting them.<br /> <br /> Maradeka became active in embarking on direct socio-political action to address the complexities of issues affecting the Muslim communities. The recurrent wars for decades brought thousands in mass poverty and displacement in Mindanao. It believed the war of attrition must come to its end. As Peace Observer, in the peace process between the [[Government of the Philippines]] and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, it sought a &quot;win-win&quot; solution to the Mindanao armed conflict, fought against spoilers of peace and saboteurs&lt;ref&gt;[http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/41597/peace-advocates-hopeful-about-aquino-counter-proposal-to-milf-substate= Peace advocates hopeful about Aquino counter-proposal to MILF substate, Phil. Daily Inquirer]&lt;/ref&gt; and avert impasse of peace talks brokered by Malaysia. If the option for a sub-state formula cannot be met by the Philippine peace panel, the federal option will be viable, or it will seek a &quot;determination vote' to the United Nations as the last option.<br /> <br /> ==Ideology==<br /> Maradeka espoused the Islamic Ideology and Islamic democracy. It believed in the core values of freedom and equality as the foundation of human dignity and social justice. Like every Muslim organization, Maradeka asserts in the rhetoric of their leaders of Bangsamoro nationhood and the adherence to the political principles of Islam based on its precepts, namely: [[Tawhid]] (Monotheism), Khilafah (Trusteeship), Hakimiyyah (Sovereignty), Risalah (Message), Hukuwat (Brotherhood), and [[Jihad]] (Mass Struggle). It looked forward to the resilience of the freedom-loving Bangsamoro people holding to their ancestors tradition that had found strength in the intrinsic value inherent in the social and political life of the [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]] people to live free continually resistant&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Advent and Growth of Islam in the Philippines,&quot; Authored by Dr. Carmen Abubakar [https://books.google.com/books?id=6Js6QXUbmjYC&amp;dq=moro+resistance+from+colonialists&amp;pg=PA52] Islam in Southeast Asia: political, social and strategic challenges for the 21st Century, edited by K. S. Nathan, Mohammad Hashim Kamali, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies&lt;/ref&gt; to the influences and dominance of colonial powers- Spanish and American.<br /> <br /> Its founders in carrying out its part in the Islamic movement propounded that while the universal Muslim Ummah is in the dire state of ''Darul Harb'' and the [[Muslim world]] is fragmented into nation-states, viewed the [[Khilafat]], the world Islamic government as a [[utopia]]. Thus, the Muslim organization find their advocacy of temporal socio-political ideology, [[Islamic democracy]] as a transition to absolute realization of comprehensive Islamic way of life and egalitarian state of [[Divisions of the world in Islam#Dar al-Islam|Darul Islam]]. The adoption of Islamic democracy and the building of Sharia-based Islamic democratic government found the model in the Islamic political construct from Islamic Republics in Pakistan, Malaysia, and Iran. In advancing the Islamic democratic ideology, it found inspiration from many Muslim political thinkers notably the political works and treatises of Syed Abu Ala Maududi of [[Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan|Jamaat-e-Islami]] in [[Pakistan]], Abhoud Syed Lingga of Institute of Bangsamoro Studies in the Philippines. It seeks to build a Sharia-based Muslim government and state in Mindanao and Philippines.<br /> <br /> The fast Islamic resurgence sweeping the entire Muslim world gradually evolved Maradeka to become another brand of political [[Islam in the Philippines]] as it adhered to the Islamic fundamentalist creed&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/rep/H007= Islamic Fundamentalism]{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; of ''Tauhid: Laa ilaha illaallah, Muhammad Ar-Rasulullah'' (There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the Final Prophet) whereby in the mainstream of the universal Islamic movement its mode of political action embarks on the Islamic democratic struggle to attain its goals. Though the Muslims in the Philippines appeared to be in the minority with Muslim population consisting of about 14 million, it found fraternal relations with the Muslim world, a total population of 1.4 billion. Maradeka joins the Muslim world and the Pan-Islamic movement and toward realization of the Darul Salam, it envisioned the reconstruction of the universal Muslim [[Ummah]].<br /> <br /> ==Organization and Operation==<br /> [[File:Maradeka Peace Gathering.jpg|thumb|Maradeka Peace Gathering]]Maradeka is a uniquely reclusive ideological organization, operating as an Islamic movement but actually a discrete organization, as it is claimed as antithetical to the broad political spectrum and groupings in Philippine politics. Its ideological doctrines do not permit alliances with secular political parties or any of the factions of Philippine's communist groups or its front organization, either the re-affirmist or the rejectionist faction. Maradeka is a cause-oriented mass-based organization with 68 hardline member affiliates from various Moro sectors, regional groups, clerics (ulama), people organizations, civil society, urban community associations, developmental non-government organizations. The Majlis is the Highest Governing Council and The Permanent Secretariat led by the Secretary-General ran the operations of the organization's organs and major action programmes.&lt;ref&gt;Maradeka ''Dostur'', (Constitution)&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Maradeka was seen as a collective street parliamentarians in an open mass movement in the Philippine political scene{{citation needed|date=October 2025}}. As an ideological organization, Maradeka put on its main form of action through democratic dialogues, community consultations (shura), and staged mass actions into the street to demonstrate its protests, public appeals, and demands on various legitimate issues detrimental to the Muslim people. Due to the adverse political environment in the Philippines, Maradeka in support of the MNLF&lt;ref&gt;[http://mnlfnet.com/index.htm= Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) Official Website]{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; and MILF legitimate struggle has operated vigilantly a non-violent political action albeit cautiously along the steep campaign of the Philippine government against extremism and terrorism.<br /> <br /> ==Current works, programs and Islamic activities==<br /> [[File:Maradeka March for Peace.jpg|thumb|Maradeka March for Peace]]<br /> Following activities of Maradeka, it endeavored to stand as voice in the defense of the Muslim civil liberties and the human rights protection&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.muslimworldleague.org/paper/1787/articles/page15-14.htm= Muslims Assail Defence Chief's Remarks on Madrashas in Philippines, Arab News]{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; and the bearer of the people cause for peace, freedom and in advancing non-violent political action as it actively works for the peaceable resolution of the Mindanao problem&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.afrim.org.ph/minda-news-page.php?nid=10149= MILF urges NGOs, CSOs to support genuine peace-making; commends Maradeka]&lt;/ref&gt; and empowering people into direct people participation in the building of genuine self-rule in Mindanao and Philippines. It also works in providing and assisting communities in alleviating mass poverty through grass-root education, community development, capability building, and relief operations and contributes significantly in the mutual understanding and co-existence of inter-faith groups and communities toward a harmonious multi-cultural society and send the message of Islam in wisdom, virtues, and good deeds across the Philippine and South East Asia.<br /> <br /> In the Maradeka In Action Primer, it has its Programmatic Actions&lt;ref&gt;Understanding Maradeka Political Programmes&lt;/ref&gt; and among its thrust and programs are: Protection of the civil liberties and fundamental human rights of the Muslim communities in cooperation with various human rights groups. It provides necessary professional works in advocacy, documentation, paralegal trainings, education, networking, and humanitarian assistance to victims of human rights abuses and their families through legal and medical services; Empowerment of Muslim Communities. It operationalizes practice of Islam as a comprehensive system and ideology in all facets of life in the Muslim communities and enjoins peaceful, open, and liberation mass struggle (jihadun jamian) in attaining its goals and ideals toward prosperity ''(aflaha)''. ''Da'wah and Tazkiah'' works is principally adopted as an organizing strategy in building strong Muslim Ummah; People Initiative for Democratic Rights with peaceful campaign in the resolution of Mindanao Problem through active promotion of non-violence and Culture of Peace. It asserts the primacy of recognizing the democratic rights of main stakeholders-the Bangsamoro People as the sole determinant of their political status.<br /> <br /> Through its member affiliates it pursues development programs such as a welfare-oriented civic assistance which is primarily responsible in helping alleviate mass poverty, dislocation, lack of medical and health services, and victims of calamities and armed conflict in Mindanao. It institutes cooperative development mechanism to provide self-help and self-reliant assistance to the needy and poor, and displaced families in the urban areas and it established solidarity works with people organizations in the Asia-Pacific and the Middle East who share similar common aspiration and ideals. It also build tactical alliance and coalition with Moro political groups and create domestic and global networks with agencies, foreign democratic institutions, or peoples in the advancement of its goals.<br /> <br /> ==Bangsamoro Democratic Struggle==<br /> '''Asserting the Democratic rights as a people'''. Sources from Philippine media indicated Maradeka stepped forward as voice of civil liberty expression in various Muslim concerns and issues such human rights violations committed against innocent civilians, graft and corruption and electoral frauds in the Philippine political system, and the right to self-determination of the Bangsamoro people. Maradeka subscribed to the assertion by prominent Moro leader Abhoud Syed Lingga&lt;ref&gt;Determining Factor [http://www.opendemocracy.net/determining_factors= Determining Factor]{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} by Abhoud Syed Lingga&lt;/ref&gt; of Moro people right or any peoples everywhere in the world to freely determine their political status. The Moro people as distinct people deserved to attain self-determination and for this right to be fully effective, the realization of the political, economic, social and cultural sovereignty of this indigenous people in Mindanao ought to be recognized and respected by the international community and Philippines.<br /> <br /> '''Push for Mindanao Peace process'''. Maradeka push for resumption of peace negotiations between Philippines and Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) which was impeded caused by the diplomatic impasse&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.manilatimes.net/index.php/news/regions/34915-muslims-want-govt-to-break-impasse-on-milf-peace-talks= Muslim want Philippine gov't. to break impasse on MILF-GPH peace talks, The Manila Times]{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; over the disagreement on the choice of third country facilitator and the facilitation process. See the article: Muslims want government to break impasse. In another tussles in Mindanao peace process, Mindanao peace advocates, on the other hand, had decried the public quibbling over the proposed Bangsamoro substate as counter-productive at this crucial stage of the peace negotiations. Maradeka secretary general Nash Pangadapun&lt;ref&gt;[http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/41597/peace-advocates-hopeful-about-aquino-counter-proposal-to-milf-substate= Peace Advocates Hopeful about Aquino Counter-proposal to MILF substate, PDI]&lt;/ref&gt; also cautioned the public against such premature comments pending the government's submission of its counter-proposal, and called for sobriety. In a very recent development, Maradeka lauded the pronouncement of Secretary Teresita Quintos Deles for the formal signing of peace pact by the Philippine government with the largest Moro rebel front, Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) on March 27, 2014, adding, “After 17 long years of arduous negotiations, we are finally arriving at a political settlement that will seal enduring peace and progress in Mindanao,” Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process Teresita Quintos Deles said Friday. “The signing of the CAB is expected to benefit not only the Bangsamoro but the entire country, and will radiate beyond our borders to the regional community, and perhaps the whole world.”&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.pia.gov.ph/index.php?article=1751394797075= GPH, MILF to sign comprehensive peace pact on March 27, Philippine Information Agency, 15 March 2014]{{Dead link|date=March 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; In a step up for massive information drive thru government controlled Television Network, Maradeka Secretary General Nash Pangadapun urged the spoilers who are out to obstruct the peace deal from coming to fruition to back off and called on the enemies of peace to have &quot;change of heart&quot; as this historic signing to be attended by mediating countries and international communities hoped to end violence against women and children.<br /> <br /> '''Advocating Human Rights, Civil Liberties and Anti Discrimination'''. During International Human Rights Day celebration on Dec. 10, 2010 marked the 62nd anniversary of [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]]. Maradeka and the Mindanao Peace Observers launched the March for Peace and Human Rights&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.tmchronicles.com/vnewsdetail.php?idnews=1253&amp;&amp;start=1&amp;&amp;end=10= Manila CSOs to MILF, gov't: Rising political tension can flare up into fighting]{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; with the demand of the Mindanao civil society groups for fighting cultural minority rights, Mindanao peace and the release of one senior MILF official Edward Mohandis Guerra and 25 more Moro political detainees arrested by Philippine intelligence operatives. Guerra a Moro leader was arrested on September 22, 2010, in Davao City in time for his departure in a local airport for his attendance to the Geneva's United Nations' Human Rights Council Meeting. In continuing its human rights advocacy, it denounced the attack in North Cotabato and accused the military of perpetrating the bombing and then pinning the blame on the MILF. Maradeka fought against extrajudicial killings,&lt;ref&gt;[http://archive.arabnews.com/?page=4&amp;section=0&amp;article=33020&amp;d=4&amp;m=10&amp;y=200= 4 Killed, 20 Injured in Southern Philippine Mosque Attack. Al Jacinto, Special to Arab New]{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; raised voice condemning the attack of Muslim mosque killing four (4) faithfuls because it was timed with the congregational prayer time of Muslims in the local mosque, local terrorism sponsored by political clan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.scmp.com/portal/site/SCMP/menuitem.06f0b401397a029733492d9253a0a0a0?vgnextoid=fde2001594221110VgnVCM100000360a0a0aRCRD&amp;s=Archive= |title=Muslim clan feud blamed for violence in Philippines, South China Morning Post |access-date=2011-09-24 |archive-date=2012-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606212301/http://www.scmp.com/portal/site/SCMP/menuitem.06f0b401397a029733492d9253a0a0a0?vgnextoid=fde2001594221110VgnVCM100000360a0a0aRCRD&amp;s=Archive= |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; and perpetrated by combined politicos and Philippine military.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.scmp.com/portal/site/SCMP/menuitem.06f0b401397a029733492d9253a0a0a0?vgnextoid=d4a99695d4051110VgnVCM100000360a0a0aRCRD&amp;s=Archive= |title=Davao blast follows army push Raissa Robles, South China Morning Post |access-date=2011-09-24 |archive-date=2012-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606212346/http://www.scmp.com/portal/site/SCMP/menuitem.06f0b401397a029733492d9253a0a0a0?vgnextoid=d4a99695d4051110VgnVCM100000360a0a0aRCRD&amp;s=Archive= |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> '''Promoting Inter-faith Dialogue and Rejecting Extremism'''. In the aftermath of 9/11, Maradeka saw the widespread discrimination against Muslims and Islam. Extremists and terrorists became synonymous with Islam and any bearded men or people wearing [[turban]]s, [[hijab]]s or white skullcaps were subject to insults and attacks. [[Abu Sayyaf]] Group in the Philippines came to hijack Islam&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=K94uDkmRlEcC&amp;q=nash+pangadapun+maradeka%3D&amp;pg=PA75 Conflict, Terrorism and the Media in Asia, Benjamin Cole, p. 75-76]&lt;/ref&gt; and the future of Muslims. Maradeka led Moro groups in protesting these discriminatory acts including underhanded treatment of Muslims,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.muslimworldleague.org/paper/1787/articles/page15-14.htm= Muslims Assail Defence Chief's Remarks on Madrasas in Philippines, The Muslim World League]{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; human rights abuse,&lt;ref&gt;[http://findarticles.com/p/news-articles/manila-bulletin/mi_7968/is_2003_July_24/muslim-leaders-slam-pnp-raids/ai_n33518817/= Muslim leaders slam PNP raids]&lt;/ref&gt; Philippine Anti-terrorism law&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mb.com.ph/node/142384= Muslim Leaders support, reject Anti-terrorism bill]{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; targeted only Muslims and push for National ID system&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mb.com.ph/node/160225= KNP: ID System should be for all by Edd K. Usman, Manila Bulletin]{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; indiscriminately wanted implementation only on Muslims. However, it discourages adverse reactions of Muslims against other religions and enjoined moderation,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mb.com.ph/node/61326= Muslims Urge Moderation over Offending Cartoons]{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; mutual understanding and respect.<br /> <br /> '''Advance Democratic and Political Reforms'''. Maradeka described Philippines as a fragile &quot;democratic&quot; state. It had entirely copied the [[United States of America]] political system since 1935 Philippine Constitution but it is a failing state because genuine democracy do not exist to run the course of Philippine government but only catered to Hispanic Filipino elites and oligarchy. Muslims continue to protest the annexation of Mindanao, democratic Muslim representation; Moro revolutionary leaders lodge its complain over derogation of the 1996 Jakarta Final Peace Accord and the over 10 years of Philippine gov't and MILF peace negotiations; Muslim civil society groups slammed Philippine court for preventing reforms in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.manilatimes.net/index.php/news/top-stories/7362-muslim-groups-slam-obstructionist-tro= Muslim groups slam ‘obstructionist’ TRO, The Manila Times] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728083759/http://www.manilatimes.net/index.php/news/top-stories/7362-muslim-groups-slam-obstructionist-tro%3D |date=2012-07-28 }}&lt;/ref&gt; (ARMM); Now, Muslim leaders seek Constitutional Reforms to pave the way for &quot;win win&quot; formula to resolve Mindanao problem through a shift to federal form of government in Philippines.<br /> <br /> ==Supports Freedom and Democracy Movements==<br /> Maradeka lend support to the causes for national liberation movements throughout the world recognizing peoples' their right to self-determination. It is asserting indigenous peoples their full freedom as a birthright and redemption of their national identity and human dignity. Maradeka launched in 2001 the Philippine Committee for Solidarity to Palestine (PHISOP) and take the lead role in Philippine protests against Israel atrocities and illegal annexation of Palestinian homeland. Maradeka expressed support also for the Khasmiris in the Indian-Pakistan dispute, protested the Pres. George Bush and US government for its baseless accusation of Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)and war of aggression against the Iraqi people,&lt;ref&gt;[http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/general/muslim-group-lends-support-to-iraqi-people-1.348544]= Muslim group lends support to Iraqi people, Gulfnews&lt;/ref&gt; and supported the Kurdish people's restless liberation struggle from Turkey and Iraq.<br /> <br /> Maradeka established links with Muslim democratic agencies and Islamic activists, namely the Center for Islam and Democracy and the Jamaat e Islami in furtherance of its International solidarity action for peace and Islamic democracy.<br /> <br /> ==Support Peace in Mindanao==<br /> Maradeka supports peace gabs with Moro leaders and Philippine Pres. Aquino III out of the box solution of Mindanao conflict &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mb.com.ph/node/330548/mu#.UPee6h1lns8= Muslim group backs Tokyo meet]&lt;/ref&gt; and conclusion of peace between Moro Islamic Liberation Front and Philippine government with the forging of Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro on October 15, 2012, as a breakthrough in providing roadmap to finally decades of armed hostilities in Mindanao. Though, Maradeka is not completely giving up on the liberation struggle but it sees the opportunities of giving peace the chance and consolidating people under a Bangsamoro government. It called all Moro factions particularly MNLF's leader Nur Misuari to cooperate and heed the call of the Moro youth and work out a political mechanism to end factionalism through the political system offered under the Bangsamoro democratic government.&lt;ref&gt;[http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/288500/rebels-tomarch-on-malacanang= Rebels to‘march’ to Malacañang, Philippine Daily Inquirer]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As the Philippine government and Moro Islamic Liberation Front gone through their peace panels hurdling the four (4) annexes to complete the Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro (FAB) and draft the Compreehensive Agreement of the Bangsamoro (CAB), the installation of the Bangsamoro Transition Commission (BTC) was shaping up the Bangsamoro Basic Law which will govern the self-governing entity called Bangsamoro Ministerial Government through sessions with experts with the aid of United Nations and World Bank(Fastrac)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2013/04/29/moro-islamic-liberation-front-united-nations-and-world-bank-launch-advisory-facility-to-support-peace-process-in-southern-philippines= Moro Islamic Liberation Front, United Nations and World Bank Launch Advisory Facility to Support Peace Process in Southern Philippines, The World Bank, April 28, 2013]&lt;/ref&gt; and broad public consultations in all areas covered under the agreed upon Bangsamoro territories. In this light, Maradeka re-echoed the call of the traditional political leaders not to abandon traditional political system of Mindanao but the inclusion of the homegrown Sultanates of four known territorial Sultanates, such as the Sultanates of Maguindanao, Sulu, Buayan, and Pangampong (Federated) of Ranaw.&lt;ref&gt;[http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/572800/muslim-council-of-elders-urged= Muslim council of elders urged, Philippine Daily Inquirer, February 2, 2014]&lt;/ref&gt; into the political structure to be created for the new Bangsamoro political entity, whose Basic Law is set to be tackled soon by Philippine government and Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) representatives and passed on for legislation at the Philippine Congress by the end of 2014.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://mindanaopeaceobserver.blogspot.com/ Mindanao Peace Observers Blog, Peace Advocates Hopeful about Aquino Counter-proposal to MILF Sub-state]<br /> * [http://www.luwaran.com/ Luwaran, MILF Central Committee on Information Official Website]<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141018215424/http://mnlfnet.com/ Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) Official Website]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Islamic organizations based in the Philippines]]<br /> [[Category:Islam in the Philippines]]<br /> [[Category:Moro people]]<br /> [[Category:Political movements in the Philippines]]<br /> [[Category:History of Bangsamoro]]<br /> [[Category:Organizations affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood]]<br /> [[Category:Organizations established in 2000]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paramvah_Studios&diff=446569 2026-02-22T10:05:23Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian film studio}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox company<br /> | name = Paramvah Studios<br /> | logo = Paramvah Studios logo.jpg<br /> | type = [[Privately held company|Private]]<br /> | industry = [[Entertainment]]<br /> | foundation = 2015<br /> | founders = {{Plainlist |<br /> * Govind Sahai Gupta<br /> *[[Rakshit Shetty]]<br /> }}<br /> | location_city = [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]<br /> | products = [[Films]]<br /> | services = Film Production&lt;br /&gt;Film Marketing&lt;br /&gt;Film distribution<br /> | subsid = Paramvah Spotlight &lt;br&gt;Paramvah Pictures &lt;br&gt; Paramvah Music&lt;br&gt;Pinaka Studios<br /> | homepage = {{URL|paramvah.com}}<br /> }}<br /> '''Paramvah Studios''' is an [[Cinema of India|Indian film]] studio involved in [[Film distribution|distribution]] and [[Filmmaking#Production|production]]. It is located in [[Bengaluru]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.paramvah.com/about.html|title=Paramvah Studios|website=www.paramvah.com|access-date=2017-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Establishment ==<br /> [[Rakshit Shetty]], a well-known actor, director, writer, and lyricist in [[Kannada cinema]] established Paramvah in 2015 as a platform to encourage new voices and talent from Karnataka after his ''[[Simple Agi Ondh Love Story]]'' (2013), ''[[Ulidavaru Kandanthe]]'' (2014), and ''[[Kirik Party]]'' (2016) won several film awards. The company was inaugurated by [[Puneeth Rajkumar]] in Nagadevanahalli, Bengaluru.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/puneeth-rajkumar-inaugurates-rakshit-shettys-production-house/articleshow/59807479.cms|title=Puneeth Rajkumar inaugurates Rakshit Shetty's production house – Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-09-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2017/puneeth-rajkumar-inaugurates-rakshit-shetty-s-paramvah-studios-office-266585.html|title=Power Star Puneeth Rajkumar Inaugurates Rakshit Shetty's New Office, Paramvah Studios!|date=2017-07-29|work=filmibeat.com|access-date=2017-09-12|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/puneeth-rajkumar-inaugurates-rakshit-shettys-paramvah-studios/articleshow/59806593.cms|title=Puneeth Rajkumar inaugurates Rakshit Shetty’s Paramvah Studios – Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-09-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; The production company over the years has a reputation of bringing in new talents with fresh scripts and ideas to screens.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rakshit Shetty on his Paramvah Studios: Good cinema happens when a filmmaker can tell stories without any compromise |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/rakshit-shetty-on-his-paramvah-studios-good-cinema-happens-when-a-filmmaker-can-tell-stories-without-any-compromise/a96e52dd5c12 |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rakshit Shetty on the future he envisions for filmmakers associated with his banner |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/rakshit-shetty-on-the-future-he-envisions-for-filmmakers-associated-with-his-banner/1a6399ccf7599 |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Films produced==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Key<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FFFFCC;&quot;| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> | Denotes films that have not yet been released<br /> |}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year !! Film !! Director !! Actors !! Notes<br /> |-<br /> | 2016 || ''[[Kirik Party]]'' || [[Rishab Shetty]] || [[Rakshit Shetty]], [[Rashmika Mandanna]], [[Samyuktha Hegde]] || <br /> |-<br /> | 2017 || ''[[Huliraaya]]'' || [[Aravind Kaushik]] || Balu Nagendra || Distribution<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan='2'|2018 || ''[[Humble Politician Nograj]]''|| [[Saad Khan]] || [[Danish Sait]], [[Vijay Chendoor]], [[Sumukhi Suresh]], [[Roger Narayan]], [[Sruthi Hariharan]] || Co-Producer<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Katheyondu Shuruvagide]]''|| [[Senna Hegde]]||[[Diganth]], [[Pooja Devariya]] || Co-Producer<br /> |-<br /> | 2019 ||''[[Avane Srimannarayana]]''|| [[Sachin Ravi]] || [[Rakshit Shetty]] [[Shanvi Srivastava]] || Co-Producer<br /> |-<br /> | 2020 ||''[[Bheemasena Nalamaharaja]]''|| [[Karthik Saragur]] || Aravinnd Iyer, Arohi Narayan || Co-Producer<br /> |-<br /> | 2021 || ''[[Garuda Gamana Vrishabha Vahana]]'' || [[Raj B. Shetty|Raj B Shetty]] || [[Raj B. Shetty|Raj B shetty]], [[Rishab Shetty]] || Presentation<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan='3'| 2022 || ''[[777 Charlie]]''|| Kiranraj K || [[Rakshit Shetty]], [[Sangeetha Sringeri]] || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Charlie to bond with Rakshit Shetty on the sets of Avane Srimanarayana|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2018/feb/19/charlie-to-bond-with-rakshit-shetty-on-the-sets-of-avane-srimanarayana-1775316.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219151906/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2018/feb/19/charlie-to-bond-with-rakshit-shetty-on-the-sets-of-avane-srimanarayana-1775316.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 February 2018|work=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |''[[Sakutumba Sametha]]''|| Rahul P K || [[Achyuth Kumar]], Bharath G B, Siri Ravikumar || <br /> |-<br /> |''[[Gargi (film)|Gargi]]''|| Gautham Ramachandran || [[Sai Pallavi]] || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film; Distribution<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2023<br /> |''[[Hostel Hudugaru Bekagiddare]]'' || Nithin Krishnamurthy || Prajwal B. P., Manjunath Nayaka, Srivatsa, Tejas Jayanna Urs || Presentation<br /> |-<br /> ||''[[Sapta Saagaradaache Ello- Side A]]''<br /> |rowspan=2| [[Hemanth M. Rao]]<br /> |rowspan=2| [[Rakshit Shetty]], [[Rukmini Vasanth]], [[Chaithra J. Achar|Chaitra Achar]], [[Achyuth Kumar]], Gopal Krishna Deshpande, Ramesh Indira, [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]], [[Pavithra Lokesh]] ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Sapta Saagaradaache Ello – Side B|Sapta Saagaradaache Ello- Side B]]''<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2024<br /> | ''[[Bachelor Party (2024 film)|Bachelor Party]]''<br /> |Abhijit Mahesh<br /> |[[Diganth]], [[Achyuth Kumar]], [[Yogesh (actor)|Yogi]], [[Siri Ravikumar]]||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Ekam (TV series)|Ekam]]'' || Sumanth Bhat, Sandeep P S || [[Prakash Raj]], [[Raj B. Shetty]], Shine Shetty || Presentation (series)<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Ibbani Tabbida Ileyali]]'' <br /> |Chandrajith Belliappa<br /> |Vihan, Ankita Amar, Mayuri Nataraj, [[Girija Shettar]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FFFFCC;&quot; |''Abracadabra''{{dagger|alt=Film has yet to be released}}|| Shishir Rajmohan|| [[Anant Nag]], [[Siri Ravikumar]], B V Shrunga, Avinash Rai || Screened at BIFF 2024.<br /> |-<br /> |''Mithya†''<br /> |Sumanth Bhat<br /> |Athish Shetty, [[Prakash Thuminad]], Roopa Varkady<br /> |Screened at BIFF 2024.<br /> |-<br /> | TBA<br /> | ''Strawberry {{dagger|alt=Film has yet to be released}}''<br /> |Arjun Lewis<br /> |[[Sruthi Hariharan]], [[Dheekshith Shetty]], Vineeth Kumar and [[Chaithra J. Achar|Chaitra J Achar]]<br /> |Filming<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Awards ==<br /> ‘Kirik Party’ won several awards after its release in 2017.<br /> <br /> [[IIFA Utsavam]] (March 2017)- Best Film, Best leading Role, Best Music Direction, Best Lyrics, Best Male Playback Singer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/iifa-utsavam-2017-day-2-janatha-garage-kirik-party-u-turn-win-top-awards-3359204.html|title=IIFA Utsavam 2017 day 2: Janatha Garage, Kirik Party, U-turn win top awards|date=2017-03-30|work=Firstpost|access-date=2017-08-29|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Karnataka State Film Awards]] (April 2017) – Popular Entertaining Film&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/karnataka-state-film-award-winners-for-2016/articleshow/58130032.cms|title=Karnataka State Film Award Winners for 2016 – Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/karnataka-state-awards-2016-amaravathi-bags-3-honours-kirik-party-declared-popular-entertaining-722831|title=Karnataka State Film Awards 2016: Amaravathi, Jeer Jimbe bag major honours, Kirik Party declared Popular Entertaining Film|last=Upadhyaya|first=Prakash|work=International Business Times, India Edition|access-date=2017-08-29|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Filmfare Awards South]] (June 2017) – Best Director, Best Actor, Best Supporting Actress, Best Music Director, Best Male Playback Singer&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/filmfare-awards-kirik-party-is-the-big-winner-of-the-night/articleshow/59201196.cms|title=64th Filmfare Awards 2017 South: Kirik Party is the big winner of the night – Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/asianet+newsable-epaper-asnewsab/filmfare+south+awards+2017+kirik+party+bagged+all+the+major+awards+find+complete+list+of+sandalwood+winners-newsid-69162019|title=Filmfare South Awards 2017: Kirik Party bagged all the major awards; find complete list of Sandalwood winners – Asianet Newsable {{!}} DailyHunt|work=DailyHunt|access-date=2017-08-29|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/rakshit-shettys-kirik-party-major-honours-64-filmfare-south-awards-2017-kannada-winners-list-731265|title=Filmfare South Awards 2017: Rakshit Shetty's Kirik Party walks away with major honours; find complete list of Sandalwood winners|last=Upadhyaya|first=Prakash|work=International Business Times, India Edition|access-date=2017-08-29|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[South Indian International Movie Awards]] (July 2017) – Best Film, Best Director, Best Supporting Actor, Best Debut Actress, Best Music Director, Best Lyricist, Entertainer of the Year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/siima-2017-jr-ntr-bags-best-actor-kirik-party-wins-best-film-1021817-2017-07-01|title=SIIMA 2017 Day 1: Jr NTR bags Best Actor, Kirik Party wins Best Film|access-date=2017-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/2017-south-indian-international-movie-awards-winners-kannada-and-telugu-1.43744|title=2017 South Indian International Movie Awards winners – Kannada and Telugu|work=The National|access-date=2017-08-29|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/kirik-party-sweeps-6-awards-at-siima/articleshow/59396718.cms|title=Kirik Party sweeps 6 awards at SIIMA – Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{official website|http://paramvah.com/}}<br /> <br /> {{Paramvah Studios}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Film production companies based in Bengaluru]]<br /> [[Category:2015 establishments in Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Indian companies established in 2015]]<br /> [[Category:Mass media companies established in 2015]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subodh_Public_School&diff=537792 2026-02-21T05:54:47Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: started basic entry initial version</p> <hr /> <div>{{more citations needed|date=October 2010}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox school<br /> | image =<br /> | caption = Logo of Subodh Public School.<br /> | address = Rambagh Crossing, Bhawani Singh Marg<br /> | city = Jaipur, Rajasthan, India<br /> | state = Rajasthan, India<br /> | postal_code = 302015<br /> | country = India<br /> | schooltype = Co-Educational<br /> | established = c. 1985<br /> | sister_school = Subodh Public School, Airport, Sanganer, 302029<br /> | school_board = C.B.S.E<br /> | president = Shri N. R. Kothari<br /> | principal = Dr. Sanjay Parashar. <br /> }}<br /> '''Subodh Public School''' is a senior secondary English medium co-educational school in [[Jaipur]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]. It is affiliated to the [[Central Board of Secondary Education]] (CBSE). The school started in 1985 under the aegis of Shri S.S. Jain Subodh Shiksha Samiti. It has a population of 3,500 students and 107 teachers. The students are prepared to write the CBSE examination in Science, Commerce, and Humanities. The Principal of the school is Dr. Sanjay Parashar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/jaipur-private-school-locks-over-40-students-for-non-payment-of-fees/articleshow/94040039.cms |title= Jaipur private school 'locks' over 40 students for non-payment of fees|work= The Times of India|date= 7 September 2022|access-date=2025-05-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{Official website|www.spsjaipur.com}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|26.8942|75.8111|display=title}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Subodh Public School}}<br /> [[Category:Schools in Jaipur]]<br /> [[Category:1985 establishments in Rajasthan]]<br /> [[Category:Educational institutions established in 1985]]<br /> <br /> {{Rajasthan-school-stub}}</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bund_Blasting_Device&diff=450926 2026-02-19T13:19:02Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: Content refined for better accuracy</p> <hr /> <div>The '''DRDO Bund Blasting Device (BBD)''' is a portable embankment blasting device that was developed by the [[Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory|Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory (TBRL)]] of the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)]] in [[India]]. The device is designed for the controlled demolition of bunds or earthen embankments. <br /> <br /> {{externalimage|topic=Drdo Bund Blasting Device |float=right|width=200px <br /> |image1=[http://drdo.gov.in/drdo/pub/techfocus/oct1999/Tfoct1-7.jpg Device on display ] <br /> |}}<br /> <br /> == Design ==<br /> The Bund Blasting Device consists of a hollow charge initiation device and a main high-explosive (HE) filled projectile that is attached to a rocket motor. The hollow charge creates a pilot hole in the embankment, and the HE-filled projectile enters the hole and detonates, creating a large crater that lowers the height of the embankment.&lt;ref name=&quot;drd2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Bund blasting device |url=http://www.drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/TBRL/English/index.jsp?pg=achieve.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507134156/http://www.drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/TBRL/English/index.jsp?pg=achieve.jsp |archive-date=7 May 2012 |accessdate=20 January 2013 |publisher=DRDO}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;drd1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=BBD - Specifications |url=http://drdo.gov.in/drdo/pub/techfocus/oct1999/bund.htm |accessdate=20 January 2013 |publisher=DRDO}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Testing and Development ==<br /> In August 2014, the DRDO completed user-assisted technical trials of the Bund Blasting Device Mk.II. The tests were conducted by the Army's 120 Engineering Regiment at the Ramgarh range, and the new version of the device was found to be twice as effective as the Mk.I version, requiring only half the number of devices to achieve the same result. Before the Bund Blasting Device Mk.II can be deemed operational and handed over to military forces and production agencies, additional tests are scheduled to be conducted.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=DRDO Bund Blasting Device MK II Completes User Assisted Technical Trials |work=India Defence News |url=https://www.indiadefencenews.in/drdo-bund-blasting-device-mk-ii-completes-user-assisted-technical-trials |access-date=25 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Use ==<br /> The Bund Blasting Device is expected to be used by the [[Indian Military|Indian military]] for the controlled demolition of bunds and earthen embankments.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Indian Army]]<br /> [[Category:Military equipment of India]]<br /> [[Category:Defence Research and Development Organisation]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Farah_Sultan_Ahmed&diff=498888 2026-02-07T19:03:38Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: Details!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian film producer (born 1968)}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=November 2016}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Farah Sultan Ahmed<br /> | image = <br /> | image_size = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1968|10|22}}<br /> | birth_place = Delhi, India<br /> |education = [[Mumbai University]]<br /> | years_active = 2015–present<br /> | occupation = [[Film producer|Producer]]<br /> | spouse = {{marriage|[[Sultan Ahmed (director)|Sultan Ahmed]]|1987|2002| end=died}}<br /> | children = Ali Abbas Sultan Ahmed &lt;br&gt; Ali Akbar Sultan Ahmed<br /> | parents = Mustafa Musa<br /> | relatives = <br /> | honorific_suffix= <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Farah Sultan Ahmed''' is a [[Bollywood]] film producer. She started her career by assisting her partner producer/director [[Sultan Ahmed (director)|Sultan Ahmed]] from 1987 until his death in 2002.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://m.aajtak.in/story.jsp?sid=872464|title=जब अमीन सयानी ने कहा, अली के मुक्कों में पंच है तो रेखा की आंखों में पंच है|work=Aaj Tak|author=Pooja bajaj}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> <br /> Mrs. Sultan controlled all the pre-production, outlays, shooting schedule and post production for the movie '''''[[Daata]]''''' starring [[Mithun Chakraborty]] and [[Padmini Kolhapure]] and later the film '''''[[Jai Vikraanta]]''''' starring [[Sanjay Dutt]], [[Zeba Bakhtiar]] and [[Amrish Puri]]. She directed a music album [[Sitaara]] in 2007. She was elected as the EC Member of IMPPA (Indian Motion Pictures Producers' Association) from 2002- 2008. She was a treasurer and convenor and handled many sensitive issues of the industry in IMPPA.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://m.mid-day.com/articles/rising-from-the-ashes/176900|title=Rising from the ashes|work=Mid-day|author=Kunal M Shah}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2011 she started ThinkBig Entertainment, her sister company of Sultan Production and has executed many events under the banner, and also laid the foundation of ThinkBig Entertainment in Dubai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/farah-sultan-shalini-thackeray-team-up-for-cine-workers-welfare_82110.html|title=Farah Sultan, Shalini Thackeray team-up for cine workers welfare|work=Zee News}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2016, she started to work on a sequel to [[Mughal-e-Azam]], apparently using the script written by her husband.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://urbanasian.com/bollywood/2016/05/mughal-e-azam-sequel-to-be-produced-by-farah-sultan-ahmed/|title=Mughal-E-Azam sequel to be produced by Farah Sultan Ahmed|last=Diana Lydia|date=9 May 2016|publisher=Urban Asian|accessdate=18 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sultan Ahmed, Farah}}<br /> [[Category:Hindi film producers]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Film producers from Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:1968 births]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women film producers]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mair_(caste)&diff=515179 2026-02-04T19:46:55Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: Started the article initial version - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian caste}}<br /> {{More footnotes needed|date=January 2025}}<br /> The '''Mair''' are a Kshatriya [[Indian caste]] found in [[Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Delhi]] and other surrounding areas. In Haryana, they are called Deshwali Sunar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dRtYAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA309 |title=Census of India |year=1901 |page=309}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == Further reading ==<br /> * Chattopadhyaya, Brajadulal. The Making of Early Medieval India. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1994.<br /> * Jain, Kailash Chand. Ancient Cities and Towns of Rajasthan. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1972.<br /> * Saggar, Balraj. Who's Who in the History of Punjab: 1800-1849. New Delhi: National Book Organisation, 1993.<br /> * Singh, K.S. National Series Volume VIII: Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames, &amp; Titles. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1996.<br /> * Srivastava, Ashirbadi Lal. The History of India: 1000 A.D.-1707 A.D. Jaipur, Shiva Lal Agarwala &amp; Co., 1964.<br /> * Walker, Benjamin. The Hindu World: An Encyclopedic Survey of Hinduism. New York: Frederick Praeger, 1968.<br /> <br /> {{Ethnic groups, tribes and clans of the Punjab}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Rajput clans]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sankat_Mochan_Mandir_Nawada&diff=532838 2026-01-22T03:25:53Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: started new info v1</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Temple in Nawada, Bihar, India}}<br /> '''Sankat Mochan Mandir''' is one of the oldest temple located in the heart of city [[Nawada]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Sudhir |date=2023-08-15 |title=हिन्दुस्तान स्पेशलः अद्भुत है बिहार का यह स्थान, संकटमोचन मंदिर के साथ मजार साम्प्रदायिक सौहार्द की मिशाल |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/story-hindustan-special-this-place-of-bihar-is-amazing-tomb-with-sankatmochan-temple-is-example-of-communal-harmony-8579999.html |website=www.livehindustan.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; This is the temple of Hindu god Hanuman, where thousands of devotees worship on daily basis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2022-04-09 |title=आस्था: साल दर साल बढ़ता जा रहा संकट मोचन का वैभव |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/patna/nawada/news/the-splendor-of-crisis-redemption-is-increasing-year-after-year-129631633.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409153343/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/patna/nawada/news/the-splendor-of-crisis-redemption-is-increasing-year-after-year-129631633.html |archive-date=2022-04-09 |access-date=2025-03-03 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-01-01 |title=नवादा के संकटमोचन मंदिर में लगी श्रद्धालुओं की भीड़: 14 प्रखंड के लोग पहुंचे...की पूजा-अर्चना करने, पिकनिक स्पॉट पर इन्जॉय कर रहे लोग |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/nawada/news/crowd-of-devotees-gathered-in-nawadas-sankat-mochan-temple-people-from-14-blocks-arrived-to-offer-prayers-people-enjoying-at-the-picnic-spot-130747855.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102084138/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/nawada/news/crowd-of-devotees-gathered-in-nawadas-sankat-mochan-temple-people-from-14-blocks-arrived-to-offer-prayers-people-enjoying-at-the-picnic-spot-130747855.html |archive-date=2023-01-02 |access-date=2025-03-03 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2022-04-16 |title=गंगा-जमुनी तहजीब की अनोखी मिसाल: एक तरफ मजार तो दूसरी तरफ बसते हैं महावीर हनुमान |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/bihar/state/nawada/specail-story-on-mazar-and-hanuman-tempal-of-nawada/bh20220416061544166166762 |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=हनुमत जयंती पर संकट मोचन में नवाह पाठ शुरू - Navah recitation begins in Sankat Mochan on Hanumant Jayanti - Bihar Nawada General News |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/nawada-navah-recitation-begins-in-sankat-mochan-on-hanumant-jayanti-21022474.html |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=नवादा के संकटमोचन मंदिर में पुजारियों के बीच भिड़ंत, घटना सीसीटीवी में कैद |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bihar-jharkhand/gaya/clash-between-priests-in-nawada-sankatmochan-temple-incident-captured-in-cctv/1470079 |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=Zee News Hindi |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-02-14 |title=संकट मोचन मंदिर में आज लक्ष्मी-नारायण की प्राण-प्रतिष्ठा |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/nawada/story-today-in-sankat-mochan-temple-the-life-of-laxmi-narayan-5813882.html |website=www.livehindustan.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{coord missing|Bihar}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Hanuman temples]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu temples in Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:Nawada district]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Bihar-stub}}<br /> {{India-hindu-temple-stub}}</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yuvika_Tomar&diff=546378 2026-01-08T02:59:54Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian sport shooter}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox sportsperson<br /> | headercolor = <br /> | name = '''Yuvika Tomar'''<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | image = Yuvika Tomar.png<br /> | image_size = &lt;!--Only for images narrower than 220 pixels.--&gt;<br /> | caption = Tomar at the [[2022 National Games of India]]<br /> | birth_name = <br /> | fullname = '''Yuvika Tomar'''<br /> | nickname = YUVI<br /> | nationality = [[India]]n<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|2001|07|06}}<br /> | birth_place = Kheri (village), [[Baghpat]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India<br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | years_active = 2016-present<br /> | height = 5 feet 2 inch<br /> | weight = 58 kg<br /> | spouse = <br /> | life_partner = <br /> | website = [https://aryangateways.org/ www.aryangateways.org]<br /> | country = India<br /> | sport = [[Shooting Para sport|pistol shooting]]<br /> | rank = <br /> | collegeteam = <br /> | universityteam = CCS University<br /> | club = VSRC (now as AGSF)<br /> | team = India Women Shooting Team<br /> | turnedpro = <br /> | partner = <br /> | former_partner = <br /> | coach = [[Amit Sheoran]]<br /> | worlds = ISSF World Cup, 2022<br /> | regionals = All India University, 2022<br /> | nationals = National Games, 2022<br /> | olympics = <br /> | paralympics = <br /> | highestranking = <br /> | pb = <br /> | show-medals = <br /> | updated = <br /> | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Women's [[Shooting sports|shooting]]}}<br /> {{MedalCountry | {{IND}} }}<br /> {{MedalCompetition|[[ISSF World Shooting Championships|World Championships]]}}<br /> {{MedalSilver|[[2022 ISSF World Shooting Championships|2022 Cairo]]|10m air pistol team}}<br /> {{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Shooting Championships|Asian Airgun Championships]]}}<br /> {{MedalSilver|[[2022 Asian Airgun Championships|2022 Daegu]]|10 m air pistol team}}<br /> }}<br /> '''Yuvika Tomar'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Yuvika Tomar: Latest News, Videos and Photos of Yuvika Tomar {{!}} Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/yuvika-tomar |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nair |first=Abhijit |date=2022-10-02 |title=Farmer's daughter from Saurabh Chaudhary's academy wins gold at National Games |url=https://thebridge.in/national-games/yuvika-tomar-10m-pistol-gold-shooting-35906 |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-10-03 |title=Reluctant pistol shooter Yuvika tops big guns for National Games gold |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/reluctant-pistol-shooter-yuvika-tops-big-guns-for-national-games-gold-8186535/ |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; (born 6 July 2001) is an Indian [[sport shooter]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=कर्ज की पिस्टल से सोने के तमगे जीत रही किसान की बेटी |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/baghpat/farmer-s-daughter-winning-gold-medal-with-loan-pistol-baghpat-news-mrt6079303150 |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |author=Special Correspondent |date=2022-04-30 |title=Ezhilarasi tops women's air pistol |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/ezhilarasi-tops-womens-air-pistol/article65370685.ece |access-date=2022-10-03 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; She won the gold medal in the [[2022 National Games of India]] in the [[ISSF 10 meter air pistol|10 meter air pistol]], making her the first female shooter representing [[Uttar Pradesh]] to win a gold medal at the national games.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2022-10-03 |title=No. 1 Yuvika Tomar keeps shooting dream alive |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/shooting/no-1-yuvika-tomar-keeps-shooting-dream-alive/articleshow/94611760.cms#:~:text=Yuvika%20Tomar%20was%2017%20when,he%20couldn't%20even%20move. |access-date=2026-01-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> Tomar was born in [[Johri|Arifpur Kheri]], a village in [[Bagpat district]] of western Uttar Pradesh. She comes from a family of farmers in the sugarcane belt of [[Yamuna]]–[[Gangetic plain]]s of North India. Her father, Sh. Kiranpal Tomar, was paralyzed as she started her shooting carrier.<br /> <br /> In 2017, at the Aryan Gateways Sports Foundation (AGSF), she chose [[Amit Sheoran]] as her coach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=युविका तोमर का वीर शाहमल रायफल क्लब पर जोरदार स्वागत |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/baghpat/201548272237-baghpat-news |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; She wants to maintain the legacy of the foundation’s Olympic shooters [[Deepender Singh]] and Arjun awardee [[Saurabh Chaudhary]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Aryangateways Shooting | date=26 July 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dx0GCfMpCcs |language=en |access-date=2022-10-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Notable performances ==<br /> * 2019 [[Asian Shooting Championships]] ([[Doha]], Qatar) – silver medal as a junior woman shooter&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chand |first=Bhavya |date=2019-11-13 |title=2019 Asian Shooting Championships: An overview of India's Performance |url=https://thebridge.in/featured/2019-asian-shooting-championships-an-overview-of-indias-performance/ |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2022 [[ISSF World Cup]] (Korea) – silver medal&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shooting WC: India top medal tally with 3 gold, 4 silver, 1 bronze |url=https://www.rediff.com/sports/report/shooting-wc-india-top-medal-tally-with-3-gold-4-silver-1-bronze/20220714.htm |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=Rediff |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=अंतरराष्ट्रीय निशानेबाज युविका तोमर का स्वागत |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/shamli/welcome-to-international-shooter-yuvika-tomar-shamli-news-mrt589462512 |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shooting: सौरभ चौधरी के बाद बागपत की शूटर युविका और सागर भारतीय टीम में, चांगवान विश्व कप में एक साथ खेलेंगे |url=https://www.amarujala.com/sports/other-sports/shooting-baghpat-shooter-yuvika-tomar-and-sagar-dangi-in-indian-team-to-play-together-in-changwon-world-cup |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2022 All India university games – gold medal&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2022-04-18 |title=Winners of All India Inter-University Shooting Championship |url=https://news.subharti.org/shootingwinners2022/ |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=Subharti University News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 November 2019 |agency=PTI |title=Chinki keeps Olympic quota hopes alive; Vivaan, Esha win two gold {{!}} More sports News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/shooting/chinki-keeps-olympic-quota-hopes-alive-vivaan-esha-win-two-gold/articleshow/71959120.cms |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2022 [[Khelo India University Games]] (Bhopal) – gold medal&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=NewsDrum |date=2022-06-24 |title=Manu Bhaker strikes double gold in Kumar Surendra Singh Memorial Shooting event |url=https://www.newsdrum.in/sports/manu-bhaker-strikes-double-gold-in-kumar-surendra-singh-memorial-shooting-event-49467.html |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=NewsDrum |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[2022 National Games of India]] ([[Ahmedabad|Ahmadabad]], Gujrat) – gold medal<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[National Rifle Association of India]] (NRAI)<br /> * [[International Shooting Sport Federation]] (ISSF)<br /> * [[Sports Authority of India]] (SAI)<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [https://www.aryangateways.org/ Aryangateways Sports Foundation] (AGSF)<br /> * [https://upstaterifle.com/ Uttar Pradesh State Rifle Association] (UPSRA)<br /> <br /> {{improve categories|date=October 2022}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Tomar, Yuvika}}<br /> [[Category:ISSF pistol shooters]]<br /> [[Category:2001 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian female sport shooters]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=V._T._Murali&diff=543152 2026-01-08T00:05:48Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: started a bio from scratch</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian playback singer}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox musical artist<br /> | name = V. T. Murali<br /> | image = Vt murali 2.jpg<br /> | image_size = <br /> | landscape = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | background = solo_singer<br /> | birth_name = <br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | alias = <br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1955|11|18}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Vadakara]], [[Kozhikode district]], [[Kerala]]<br /> | origin = <br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | genre = <br /> | occupation = Singer, Music composer<br /> | instrument = <br /> | years_active = 1979–present<br /> | label = <br /> | associated_acts = <br /> | website = <br /> | notable_instruments = <br /> }}<br /> '''V. T. Murali''' is an Indian playback singer and music critic from [[Kerala]]. He is known for many songs including the song &quot;Othu palliyilannu nammal&quot; composed by [[Padma Shri]] [[K. Raghavan]] from the movie [[Thenthulli]] directed by National award-winning director [[K. P. Kumaran]]. He was a former board member of Kerala State Film Development. Corporation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/music-news/2020/12/26/vt-murali-songs-special.html|title=എന്നെന്നും തോരില്ലല്ലോ ആ നീലമേഘകണ്ണീർ|work= Malayala Manorama}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is also the president of K Raghavan master Award foundation&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/sreekumaran-thampi-wins-k-raghavan-master-foundation-award-1.5139935|title=Sreekumaran Thampi wins K Raghavan master Foundation award|work=Mathrubhumi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/i-was-upset-a-superstar-like-him-didnt-promote-a-lesser-known-artiste-like-me-singer-vt-murali/articleshow/73484283.cms|title=I was upset a superstar like Mohanlal didn't promote a lesser known artiste like me: Singer VT Murali|work=Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; As a music critic, Murali has written 12 books.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pravasi&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Biography==<br /> He was born to V. T. Kumaran and Santha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mat&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Murali.V.T. |url=https://buybooks.mathrubhumi.com/writer/muralivt/ |website=mathrubhumi.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Vadakara Krishnadasan Master taught himthe basics of music.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pravasi&quot;/&gt; In his music, Murali has sung in many local plays.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pravasi&quot;/&gt; After his undergraduate degree at Madappally College, he passed ''Gana Bhushanam'' course from [[Swathi Thirunal College of Music|Swathi Thirunal College of Music, Thiruvananthapuram]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Mat&quot;/&gt; Later, he became a student of [[K. V. Narayanaswamy]], V. Rajan Iyer and V. Krishnamurthy of Madras Music College, Palakkad.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pravasi&quot;/&gt; The first film to be sung was in 1979.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pravasi&quot;/&gt; A communist follower, he has sung in many plays of [[Kerala People's Arts Club|KPAC]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Pravasi&quot;/&gt; He sang for drama troupes like KPAC, Thiruvananthapuram Sangh Chetana and Kozhikode Kalinga.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pravasi&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Currently a member of the Executive Committee of the Kerala Sangeethanataka Akademi, he was earlier a member of the General Council of the Kerala Sangeethanataka Akademi and the Director of the [[Kerala State Film Development Corporation]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Pravasi&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> He and his wife Sasikala have 2 daughters.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mat&quot;/&gt; They lives in their house ''Manjima'' at Vadakara, Kozhikode district.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mat&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Books written on Music==<br /> *{{cite book |title=Sangeethathinte Keraleya Padangan |date=2015 |publisher=Kerala Bhasha Institute |isbn=9789385313547 |language=Malayalam}}<br /> *{{cite book |title=Adayathirikkatte Vathilukal |date=October 2017 |publisher=Logos Books |isbn=9789386744265 |language=Malayalam}}<br /> *{{cite book |title=Paattukondoru Jeevitham |publisher=Saikatham Books |isbn=9789382909118 |language=Malayalam}}<br /> *{{cite book |title=Aa malar Kaalathin Ormakalil |date=1 January 2020 |publisher=Chintha Publishers |isbn= 9789386364357 |language=Malayalam}}<br /> *{{cite book |title=Paattorukkam |date=2013 |publisher=[[D. C. Books]] |isbn=9788126441518 |url=http://mgucat.mgu.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=61258&amp;shelfbrowse_itemnumber=52979 |language=Malayalam}}<br /> *{{cite book |title=Ragamalayalam |date=1 January 2006 |publisher=Olive Books |language=Malayalam}}<br /> *{{cite book |title=K Raghavan oru Sangeethavicharam |date=1 January 2012 |publisher=Poorna Publications |isbn=978-8130013299 |language=Malayalam}}<br /> *{{cite book |title=Thurannuvecha Sangeetha Jalakangal |date=2011 |publisher=Mathrubhumi Books |isbn=9788182650695 |language=Malayalam}}<br /> *''Vakkukal Padum Nadiyoram'' (2019)&lt;ref name=&quot;suprabhatam&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=വി.ടി മുരളി വടകരയുടെ ഹൃദയാദരം ഏറ്റുവാങ്ങി • Suprabhaatham |url=https://suprabhaatham.com/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF-%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF-%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF-%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86-%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%AF/ |work=suprabhaatham.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{cite book |title=Ganarachanayude Tachushastram |date=April 2013 |publisher=National Book Stall |isbn= |language=Malayalam}}<br /> <br /> ==Awards and honours==<br /> *[[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi]] Awards - 2003 - Best Singer (Drama){{cn|date=February 2023}}<br /> *[[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]] - 2007 - Best Singer (light music)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.keralaculture.org/light-music/467 |title=Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award: Light Music |publisher=Department of Cultural Affairs, Government of Kerala|access-date=26 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mat&quot;/&gt;<br /> *Raghavan Master Award&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=രാഘവസ്മരണയില്‍ വി.ടി. മുരളിക്ക് പുരസ്‌കാരസമര്‍പ്പണം |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/thrissur/malayalam-news/thrissur-vt-murali-1.2328675 |work=Mathrubhumi |language=ml |archive-date=31 January 2022 |access-date=31 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131162721/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/thrissur/malayalam-news/thrissur-vt-murali-1.2328675 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Thoppil Bhasi Award of Kuwait Kerala Association&lt;ref name=&quot;Pravasi&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=വി ടി മുരളി: ജനകീയസംഗീതധാരയുടെ അരനൂറ്റാണ്ട് |url=http://pravasiworld.in/news.php?id=4484}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Abu Dhabi Yuvakalasahithi Kampisseri Award&lt;ref name=&quot;Pravasi&quot;/&gt;<br /> *Chandpasha Award of Kerala Mappila Kala Akademi&lt;ref name=&quot;Pravasi&quot;/&gt;<br /> *Gramadeepam Award&lt;ref name=&quot;Pravasi&quot;/&gt;<br /> *He was honoured by Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi, [[Kerala State Chalachitra Academy]] and [[Kerala Folklore Academy]] by celebrating 50th year of his singing career, in 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;suprabhatam&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Murali, V.T.}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male playback singers]]<br /> [[Category:Malayalam-language playback singers]]<br /> [[Category:Malayali people]]<br /> [[Category:Film musicians from Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian singers]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian male singers]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian male singers]]<br /> [[Category:1955 births]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{India-singer-stub}}</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gonda_Lok_Sabha_constituency&diff=500815 2025-12-20T22:52:49Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: Done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Indian parliament in Uttar Pradesh}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Gonda &lt;Br&gt;{{Small|UP-59}}<br /> | type = LS<br /> | established = 1957<br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | mp = [[Kirti Vardhan Singh]]<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]<br /> | state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> | map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Uttar Pradesh/Gonda.map}}<br /> | map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Gonda Lok Sabha constituency<br /> | assembly_cons = [[Utraula Assembly constituency|Utraula]]&lt;br&gt;[[Mehnaun Assembly constituency|Mehnaun]]&lt;br&gt;[[Gonda Assembly constituency|Gonda]]&lt;br&gt;[[Mankapur Assembly constituency|Mankapur]]&lt;br&gt;[[Gaura Assembly constituency|Gaura]]<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | incumbent_image = Kirtivardhan Singh assuming charge as the Minister of State of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.jpg<br /> }}<br /> '''Gonda Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 80 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Uttar Pradesh]] state in northern [[India]].&lt;ref name=delimitation2008&gt;{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&amp;type=order&amp;filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Assembly segments==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! No<br /> ! Name<br /> ! District<br /> ! Member<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Party<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;| 2024 Lead<br /> |-<br /> |293<br /> |[[Utraula Assembly constituency|Utraula]]<br /> |[[Balrampur district, Uttar Pradesh|Balrampur]]<br /> |[[Ram Pratap Verma]]<br /> |{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}<br /> |{{party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |295<br /> |[[Mehnaun Assembly constituency|Mehnaun]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[Gonda district|Gonda]]<br /> |Vinay Dwivedi<br /> |{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> |296<br /> |[[Gonda Assembly constituency|Gonda]]<br /> |[[Prateek Bhushan Singh]]<br /> |-<br /> |300<br /> |[[Mankapur Assembly constituency|Mankapur]] (SC)<br /> |[[Ramapati Shastri]]<br /> |-<br /> |301<br /> |[[Gaura Assembly constituency|Gaura]]<br /> |[[Prabhat Kumar Verma]]<br /> |{{party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Members of Parliament ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Name<br /> ! colspan=2 |Party<br /> |-<br /> |[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]<br /> |Dinesh Pratap Singh&lt;ref name=election1957&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4112-general-election-1957-vol-i-ii/ |title=General Election, 1957 (Vol I, II) |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=31 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]<br /> |Ram Ratan Gupta&lt;ref name=election1962&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4113-general-election-1962-vol-i-ii/ |title=General Election, 1962 (Vol I, II) |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=31 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |1964^<br /> |Narayan Dandekar<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]<br /> |[[Sucheta Kripalani]]&lt;ref name=election1967&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4114-general-election-1967-vol-i-ii/ |title=General Election, 1967 (Vol I, II) |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=31 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]<br /> |[[Anand Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Anand Singh]]&lt;ref name=election1971&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4115-general-election-1971-vol-i-ii/ |title=General Election, 1971 (Vol I, II) |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=31 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (O)|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]<br /> |[[Satya Deo Singh]]&lt;ref name=election1977&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4116-general-election-1977-vol-i-ii/ |title=General Election, 1977 (Vol I, II) |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=31 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Lok Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Anand Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Anand Singh]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]<br /> |[[Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh]]&lt;ref name=election1991&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4121-general-election-1991-vol-i-ii/ |title=General Election, 1991 (Vol I, II) |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=31 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]<br /> |[[Ketki Devi Singh]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]<br /> |[[Kirti Vardhan Singh]]&lt;ref name=election1998&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4124-general-election-1998-vol-i-ii/ |title=General Election, 1998 (Vol I, II) |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=3 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]<br /> |[[Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh]]&lt;ref name=election1999&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4125-general-election-1999-vol-i-ii-iii/ |title=General Election, 1999 (Vol I, II, III) |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=31 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]<br /> |[[Kirti Vardhan Singh]]&lt;ref name=election2004&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/4126-general-election-2004-vol-i-ii-iii/ |title=General Election 2004 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]<br /> |[[Beni Prasad Verma]]&lt;ref name=election2009&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/98-general-election-2009/ |title=General Election 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Kirti Vardhan Singh]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2024 Indian general election|2024]] <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Elections results==<br /> <br /> === General election 2024 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: Gonda&lt;ref name=&quot;2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Gonda&quot;&gt;{{cite news |publisher=Election Commission of India |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Gonda |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2459.htm |accessdate=9 June 2024 |date=9 June 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609160059/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2459.htm |archivedate=9 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Kirti Vardhan Singh]]|votes=4,74,258|percentage=49.77|change={{decrease}}5.24}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Samajwadi Party|candidate=Shreya Verma|votes=4,28,034|percentage=44.92|change={{increase}}7.92}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Saurabh Mishra|votes=29,429|percentage=3.09|change={{increase}}3.09}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above (India)|candidate=None of the above|votes=9,055|percentage=0.95|change={{increase}}0.04}}<br /> {{Election box majority|votes=46,224|percentage=4.85|change={{decrease}}13.15}}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=9,52,884|percentage=51.70|change={{decrease}}0.50}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|winner=BJP|loser=|swing=}}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === General election 2019 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: Gonda&lt;ref name=election2019&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/1551-general-election-2019-including-vellore-pc/ |title=General Election 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Kirti Vardhan Singh]]<br /> |votes= 5,08,190<br /> |percentage= 55.01<br /> |change= +14.20<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Samajwadi Party|candidate=[[Vinod Singh (Gonda politician)|Vinod Kumar Singh (Pandit Singh)]]|votes=3,41,830|percentage=37.00|change=+13.85}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Krishna Patel|votes=25,686|percentage=2.78|change=-8.92}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Qutabuddin Khan|party=Pragatisheel Samajwadi Party (Lohiya)|votes=6,212|percentage=0.67|change=0.67}}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party|candidate=Radhey Shyam|votes=3,856|percentage=0.47|change=0.47}}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above|None of the Above]]|votes=8,418|percentage=0.91|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority||votes=1,66,360|percentage=18.00|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=9,24,123|percentage=52.20|change=-0.45}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |loser =<br /> |swing =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === General election 2014 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: Gonda&lt;ref name=election2014&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/2857-constituency-wise-detailed-result/ |title=General Election 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = [[Kirti Vardhan Singh]] <br /> |votes = 3,59,643<br /> |percentage = 41.16<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Samajwadi Party<br /> |candidate = Nandita Shukla<br /> |votes = 1,99,227<br /> |percentage = 22.80<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = [[Akbar Ahmad|Akbar Ahmad Dumpy]]<br /> |votes = 1,16,178<br /> |percentage = 13.30<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = [[Beni Prasad Verma]]<br /> |votes = 1,02,254<br /> |percentage = 11.70<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Peace Party of India<br /> |candidate = Masood Alam Khan<br /> |votes = 42,744<br /> |percentage = 4.89<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India<br /> |candidate = Om Prakash<br /> |votes = 18,450<br /> |percentage = 2.11<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]<br /> |votes = 7,988<br /> |percentage = 0.91<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 1,60,416<br /> |percentage = 18.36<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 8,73,934<br /> |percentage = 51.08<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |loser = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===General election 2009===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: Gonda}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = [[Beni Prasad Verma]]<br /> |votes = 1,55,675 <br /> |percentage = 25.72<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=[[Kirti Vardhan Singh]]|votes=1,32,000|percentage=21.80|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Ram Pratap Singh|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=90,498|percentage=14.95|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Samajwadi Party|candidate=[[Vinod Singh (Gonda politician)|Vinod Kumar Singh]]|votes=88,558|percentage=14.63|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate|<br /> |party = [[Peace Party of India|PECP]]<br /> |candidate = Ashiq Ali<br /> |votes = 73,235<br /> |percentage = 12.10<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Om Prakash|votes=7,297|percentage=1.2|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority||votes=23,675|percentage=3.92|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=6,05,243|percentage=45.18|change=}}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress<br /> |loser = Samajwadi Party<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===General election 2004===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general elections]]: Gonda}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Samajwadi Party<br /> |candidate = [[Kirti Vardhan Singh]]<br /> |votes = 2,51,947 <br /> |percentage =41.53 <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Ghanshyam Shukla|votes=2,14,949|percentage=35.43|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Fazlul Bari Alias Banne Bhai|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=69,543|percentage=11.46|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Vinay Kumar Pandey]]|votes=28,804|percentage=4.74|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India|candidate=Suresh Chandra Tripathi Advocate|votes=6,002|percentage=0.98|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority||votes=36,998|percentage=6.09|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=6,06,654|percentage=34.77|change=}}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Samajwadi Party<br /> |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===General election 1999===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1999 Indian general elections]]: Gonda}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = [[Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh]]<br /> |votes = 2,43,162 <br /> |percentage =42.14 <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Samajwadi Party|candidate=[[Kirti Vardhan Singh]]|votes=1,83,965|percentage=31.88|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Deep Narain Pandey|party=Indian National Congress|votes=64,817|percentage=11.23|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Ayodhya Naresh Pandey|votes=32,584|percentage=5.65|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India|candidate=Shastri Prasad Tripathi|votes=8,571|percentage=1.49|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority||votes=59,917|percentage=10.38|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=5,77,026|percentage=50.07|change=}}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |loser = Samajwadi Party<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===General election 1998===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1998 Indian general election|1998 Indian general elections]]: Gonda}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Samajwadi Party<br /> |candidate = [[Kirti Vardhan Singh]]<br /> |votes = 2,78,449 <br /> |percentage =45.56 <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh]]|votes=2,52,894|percentage=41.38|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sant Ram Tiwari|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=48,816|percentage=7.99|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Jagdev|votes=8,420|percentage=1.38|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Mohd Nadeem|votes=5,094|percentage=0.83|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority||votes=25,555|percentage=4.18|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=6,11,159|percentage=53.45|change=}}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Samajwadi Party<br /> |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===General election 1996===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1996 Indian general election|1996 Indian general elections]]: Gonda}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = [[Ketki Devi Singh]]<br /> |votes = 2,45,605 <br /> |percentage =47.09 <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Samajwadi Party|candidate=[[Anand Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Kunwar Anand Singh]]|votes=1,78,456|percentage=34.08|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Fida Mohammad|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=27,963|percentage=5.45|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Deep Narayan Van (Mahant)|votes=14,439|percentage=2.82|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Brij Kishor|votes=450|percentage=0.09|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority||votes=67,149|percentage=13.09|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=5,12,792|percentage=45.22|change=}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===General election 1991===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1991 Indian general election|1991 Indian general elections]]: Gonda}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = [[Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh]]<br /> |votes = 2,17,115 <br /> |percentage =50.69 <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Anand Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Kunwar Anand Singh]]|votes=1,14,131|percentage=26.65|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Syeed Abdul Rauf|party=Janata Party|votes=39,628|percentage=9.25|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Mahesh Lal|votes=10,749|percentage=2.51|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian People's Front|candidate=Akhilandra Pratap Singh|votes=9,484|percentage=2.21|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority||votes=1,02,984|percentage=24.04|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=4,28,321|percentage=47.63|change=}}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |loser = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Gonda district]]<br /> * [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Lok Sabha constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}<br /> {{Devipatan division topics}}<br /> {{Coord|27.14|81.96|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Gonda district]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fourth_Hemant_Soren_ministry&diff=499307 2025-12-09T16:36:46Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: Stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|14th ministry of Jharkhand}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox government cabinet<br /> |cabinet_name=Fourth Hemant Soren ministry<br /> |flag=Jharkhand Rajakiya Chihna.svg<br /> |jurisdiction=the [[State of Jharkhand]]<br /> |cabinet_type=ministry<br /> |flag_border=true<br /> |governor_title=[[Governor of Jharkhand|Governor]]<br /> |governor=[[Santosh Gangwar]]<br /> | incumbent = <br /> | image =File:Hemant Soren 2024.jpg<br /> | image_size =150px <br /> | caption =[[Hemant Soren]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Chief Minister of Jharkhand|Hon'ble Chief Minister of Jharkhand]] |political_parties=[[Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand)|Mahagathbandhan]]:{{efn|{{color box|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation}}}} [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation|CPI(ML)L]], a member of the alliance, will not join the ministry as part of their All-India policy.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jharkhand: Congress Reportedly Demands Posts Of Deputy CM &amp; 4 Cabinet Ministers; Senior Party Leaders Deny Claims |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/jharkhand-congress-reportedly-demands-posts-of-deputy-cm-4-cabinet-ministers-senior-party-leaders-deny-claims |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}&lt;br/&gt;{{hlist|{{color box|{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}}} [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]]|{{color box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]]|{{color box|{{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}}} [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]]}}|election=[[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2024 election]]|legislature_term=[[6th Jharkhand Assembly|6th Assembly]] (2024-present)|predecessor=[[Third Hemant Soren ministry]]|government_head=[[Hemant Soren]] (JMM)|government_head_title=[[Chief Minister of Jharkhand|Chief Minister]]|cabinet_number=14th|legislature_status=[[Majority government]] ([[Coalition government|coalition]]){{br}} [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly|Assembly]]:{{br}}{{Composition bar|hex={{party color|Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand)}}|56|81|per=1}}|members_number=12 ({{abbr|incl.|including}} the Chief Minister)|opposition_party={{color box|{{party color|BJP}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]|opposition_leader=[[Babulal Marandi]]|date_formed={{start date and age|2024|11|28|df=y|p=y}}|government_head_history=[[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Rajya Sabha M.P.]]&lt;br /&gt;(2009 – 2010) {{br}}<br /> [[Deputy Chief Minister of Jharkhand|Deputy {{abbr|CM|Chief Minister}} of Jharkhand]]&lt;br /&gt;(2010 – 2013)}}<br /> <br /> [[Hemant Soren]], incumbent [[Chief Minister of Jharkhand]] has appointed again in the office after winning the assembly elections in November 2024. The ministry will probably consist of maximum 12 members. Governor [[Santosh Gangwar]] administered the oath of office and secrecy to him on 28 November 2024 in [[Ranchi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jharkhand Chief Minister Hemant Soren May Take Oath Alone Today: 10 Points |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jharkhand-chief-minister-hemant-soren-may-take-oath-alone-today-10-points-7121192 |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=NDTV.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hemant Soren begins fourth term as Jharkhand Chief Minister&quot;&gt;{{cite news |work=The Hindu |date=28 November 2024 |title=Hemant Soren begins fourth term as Jharkhand Chief Minister |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/jharkhand-assembly/hemant-soren-sworn-in-as-jharkhand-chief-minister-on-november-28/article68922567.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241129035655/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/jharkhand-assembly/hemant-soren-sworn-in-as-jharkhand-chief-minister-on-november-28/article68922567.ece |archive-date=29 November 2024 |access-date=29 November 2024 |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hemant Soren takes oath as Jharkhand's 14th chief minister&quot;&gt;{{cite news |work=The Times of India |date=28 November 2024 |title=Hemant Soren takes oath as Jharkhand's 14th chief minister |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/hemant-soren-takes-oath-as-jharkhands-14th-chief-minister/articleshow/115767306.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241129040437/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/hemant-soren-takes-oath-as-jharkhands-14th-chief-minister/articleshow/115767306.cms |archive-date=29 November 2024 |access-date=29 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Background ==<br /> On 23 November 2024, [[Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand)|Mahagathbandhan]] (MGB) won the [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2024 assembly election]] in [[Jharkhand]], with [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]] (JMM) getting 34 seats.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Assembly Election 2024 Result: Congress, yet again, has forgotten how to win polls |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/congress-yet-again-has-forgotten-how-to-win-polls-3288954 |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Other members of Mahagathbandhan – [[Indian National Congress]] got 16 seats, [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] 4 seats and [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)]] 2 seats – making total of 56 out of 81 seats in [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-11-23 |title=Jharkhand election results 2024: Constituency-wise full winners list and key highlights |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/jharkhand-election-results-2024-constituency-wise-full-winners-list-and-key-highlights/articleshow/115585742.cms |access-date=2024-11-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jharkhand Election Results 2024 LIVE Updates: INDIA Bloc Wins 30 Seats, NDA Takes 9 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jharkhand-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-will-hemant-sorens-jmm-retain-power-or-bjp-make-comeback-counting-today-7078938 |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=NDTV.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Soren was unanimously elected as leader of MGB in Jharkhand Legislative Assembly and was designated by Jharkhand Governor Santosh Kumar Gangwar to be appointed as the next Chief Minister.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Bhelari |first=Amit |date=2024-11-24 |title=Hemant Soren to take oath as Jharkhand CM on November 28 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/jharkhand-assembly/hemant-soren-to-take-oath-as-jharkhand-cm-on-november-28/article68905416.ece |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ===Vote of Confidence===<br /> A vote of confidence has been scheduled on 9 December during the oath ceremony of Soren. He designated [[Stephen Marandi]] as Speaker ''pro-tem'' of 6th Jharkhand Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Bhelari |first=Amit |date=2024-11-27 |title=Hemant Soren to take oath as Jharkhand CM for fourth term today |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jharkhand/hemant-soren-to-take-oath-as-jharkhand-chief-minister-for-the-fourth-term-on-november-28-2024/article68918938.ece |access-date=2024-11-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=[[Asian News International|ANI]] |title=Cong to back Hemant Soren's cabinet expansion decision: Rajesh Thakur |url=https://www.business-standard.com/politics/cong-to-back-hemant-soren-s-cabinet-expansion-decision-rajesh-thakur-124113000036_1.html |access-date=2024-11-30 |work=Business Standard}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#C0C0C0&quot;| '''Vote of confidence'''{{efn|Following parties listed possibly may cast on the day of vote of confidence. Official count date scheduled on 9 December.}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Hemant Soren]] ([[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]] nominee)<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:150px;&quot;| Ballot →<br /> ! 9 December 2024<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot;| Required majority →<br /> | 41 out of 81 seats<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;background:{{Party color|Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand)}};&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{Collapsible list<br /> | title = &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;Yes&lt;/span&gt;|• [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]] (33)|• [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (16)|• [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]] (4)|• [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation|CPI(ML)L]] (2)<br /> }}<br /> | {{Composition bar|55|81|{{Party color|Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand)}}|width=125px}}<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#ff9933;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{Collapsible list | title = &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;No&lt;/span&gt;<br /> | • [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (21)<br /> | • [[All Jharkhand Students Union|AJSU]] (1)<br /> | • [[Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)|LJP(RV)]] (1)<br /> | • [[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]] (1)<br /> }}<br /> | {{Composition bar|24|81|#ff9933|width=125px}}<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;background:gray;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{Collapsible list | title = &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;Abstention&lt;/span&gt;<br /> | • [[Jharkhand Loktantrik Krantikari Morcha|JLKM]] (1)<br /> }}<br /> | {{Composition bar|1|81|gray|width=125px}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:centre;&quot; colspan=&quot;3&quot;| Status: {{tick|15}} Passed<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;background:black;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{Collapsible list | title = &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;Absent&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |None<br /> }}<br /> | {{Composition bar|0|81|black|width=125px}}<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;background:white;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| Vacant seats<br /> | {{Composition bar|0|81|black|width=125px}}<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;background:{{Party color|Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand)}};&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{Collapsible list | title = &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;Speaker (pro-tem)&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |• JMM (1)<br /> }}<br /> | {{Composition bar|1|81|{{Party color|Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand)}}|width=125px}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Council of Ministers==<br /> Based on last ministry, Soren will lead the government with Jharkhand Mukti Morcha getting additional 6 ministers, Indian National Congress 4 and Rashtriya Janata Dal a lone minister. The cabinet was later appointed on 5 December.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hemant Soren allocates portfolios to ministers, keeps Home Ministry&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=India Today |title=Hemant Soren allocates portfolios to ministers, keeps Home Ministry |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/jharkhand-hemant-soren-allocates-portfolios-to-ministers-keeps-home-ministry-2646285-2024-12-07 |accessdate=13 December 2024 |date=7 December 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213091413/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/jharkhand-hemant-soren-allocates-portfolios-to-ministers-keeps-home-ministry-2646285-2024-12-07 |archivedate=13 December 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jharkhand CM Hemant Soren expands Cabinet&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Jharkhand CM Hemant Soren expands Cabinet |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jharkhand/jharkhand-cm-hemant-soren-expands-cabinet-six-jmm-four-congress-and-one-rjd-ministers-sworn-in/article68950031.ece |accessdate=13 December 2024 |work=The Hindu |date=5 December 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213091426/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jharkhand/jharkhand-cm-hemant-soren-expands-cabinet-six-jmm-four-congress-and-one-rjd-ministers-sworn-in/article68950031.ece |archivedate=13 December 2024 |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jharkhand Cabinet Ministers List 2024: Full list of Jharkhand council of ministers and their portfolios&quot;&gt;{{cite news |work=The Indian Express |title=Jharkhand Cabinet Ministers List 2024: Full list of Jharkhand council of ministers and their portfolios |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-today/jharkhand-cabinet-ministers-list-2024-hemant-soren-ministers-9707554/ |accessdate=13 December 2024 |date=5 December 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213091508/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-today/jharkhand-cabinet-ministers-list-2024-hemant-soren-ministers-9707554/ |archivedate=13 December 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}<br /> !style=| Remarks<br /> {{Cabinet table minister|title='''[[Chief Minister of Jharkhand]]'''&lt;br/&gt;{{bulletlist<br /> |Personnel, Administrative Reforms and Official Language<br /> |Home ''(including Prison)''<br /> |Road Construction|Building Construction<br /> |Cabinet Secretariat and Vigilance ''(excluding Parliamentary Affairs)''}}<br /> '''''All other portfolios not allocated to any minister'''''|minister1=[[Hemant Soren]]|minister1_party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|minister1_termstart=28 November 2024|minister1_termend=|minister1_ref=&amp;nbsp;|image=}}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister|title={{bulletlist<br /> |Finance<br /> |Commercial Tax|<br /> Planning and Development<br /> |Parliamentary Affairs<br /> }}|minister1=[[Radha Krishna Kishore]]|minister1_party=Indian National Congress|minister1_termstart=5 December 2024|minister1_termend=|minister1_ref=&amp;nbsp;|image=}}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister|title={{bulletlist<br /> |Revenue|<br /> Registration and Land Reforms (non-registration)<br /> |Transport<br /> }}|minister1=[[Sanjay Prasad Yadav]]|minister1_party=Rashtriya Janata Dal|minister1_termstart=5 December 2024|minister1_termend=|minister1_ref=&amp;nbsp;|image=}}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister|title={{bulletlist<br /> |School Education and Literacy<br /> | Registration<br /> }}|minister1=[[Deepak Birua]]|minister1_party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|minister1_termstart=5 December 2024|minister1_termend=|minister1_ref=&amp;nbsp;|image=}}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister|title=<br /> {{bulletlist<br /> |Scheduled Tribes, Scheduled Castes, and Backward Classes (excluding Minority Welfare)<br /> }}<br /> |minister1=[[Chamra Linda]]|minister1_party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|minister1_termstart=5 December 2024|minister1_termend=|minister1_ref=&amp;nbsp;|image=}}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister|title={{bulletlist<br /> |Labour, Planning, Training, and Skill Development<br /> |Industries<br /> }}|minister1=[[Ramdas Soren]]|minister1_party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|minister1_termstart=5 December 2024|minister1_termend=15 August 2025|minister1_ref=&amp;nbsp;|minister2=Hemant Soren|minister2_party=|minister2_termstart=|minister2_termend=|minister2_ref=&amp;nbsp;|image=}}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister|title={{bulletlist<br /> |Health, Medical Education and Family Welfare<br /> |Food, Public Distribution and Consumer Affairs<br /> |Disaster Management<br /> }}|minister1=[[Irfan Ansari]]|minister1_party=Indian National Congress|minister1_termstart=5 December 2024|minister1_termend=|minister1_ref=&amp;nbsp;|image=}}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister|title={{bulletlist<br /> |Water Resources<br /> |Minority Welfare<br /> }}|minister1=[[Hafizul Hasan]]|minister1_party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|minister1_termstart=5 December 2024|minister1_termend=|minister1_ref=&amp;nbsp;|image=}}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister|title={{bulletlist<br /> |Rural Development<br /> |Rural Work<br /> |Panchayati Raj<br /> }}<br /> |minister1=[[Dipika Pandey Singh]]|minister1_party=Indian National Congress|minister1_termstart=5 December 2024|minister1_termend=|minister1_ref=&amp;nbsp;|image=}}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister|title={{bulletlist<br /> |Drinking Water and Sanitation<br /> |Excise and Prohibition<br /> }}|minister1=[[Yogendra Prasad]]|minister1_party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|minister1_termstart=5 December 2024|minister1_termend=|minister1_ref=&amp;nbsp;|image=}}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister|title={{bulletlist<br /> |Urban Development and Housing<br /> |Higher and Technical Education<br /> |Tourism, Art, Culture, Sports, and Youth Affairs<br /> }}|minister1=[[Sudivya Kumar]]|minister1_party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|minister1_termstart=5 December 2024|minister1_termend=|minister1_ref=&amp;nbsp;|image=}}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister|title={{bulletlist<br /> |Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Cooperatives<br /> }}|minister1=[[Shilpi Neha Tirkey]]|minister1_party=Indian National Congress|minister1_termstart=5 December 2024|minister1_termend=|minister1_ref=&amp;nbsp;|image=}}<br /> {{Cabinet table end}}<br /> <br /> == Ministers by Party ==<br /> {{Pie chart|value1=60|value2=30|value3=10|color1={{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}|color2={{party color|Indian National Congress}}|color3={{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}|caption=Representation of cabinet ministers by party|label1=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|label2=Indian National Congress|label3=Rashtriya Janata Dal}}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Party<br /> !Cabinet Ministers<br /> !Total Ministers<br /> |-<br /> |width=&quot;4px&quot; bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}&quot;|<br /> |[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]<br /> |7<br /> |7<br /> |-<br /> |width=&quot;4px&quot; bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|<br /> |[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |4<br /> |4<br /> |-<br /> |width=&quot;4px&quot; bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}&quot;|<br /> |[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]<br /> |1<br /> |1<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Demographics of the Council of Ministers==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; border=1 <br /> |-<br /> !Administrative Division<br /> !District<br /> !No. of Ministers<br /> !Ministers<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=3|[[Palamu division]]<br /> |[[Palamu district|Palamu]]<br /> |1<br /> |[[Radha Krishna Kishore]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Garhwa district|Garhwa]] <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Latehar district|Latehar]] <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=7|[[North Chotanagpur division]]<br /> |[[Chatra district|Chatra]] <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Hazaribagh district|Hazaribagh]] <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Koderma district|Koderma]] <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Giridih district|Giridih]] <br /> |1<br /> |[[Sudivya Kumar]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Ramgarh district|Ramgarh]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Bokaro district|Bokaro]] <br /> |1<br /> |[[Yogendra Prasad]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Dhanbad district|Dhanbad]] <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=5|[[South Chotanagpur division]]<br /> |[[Lohardaga district|Lohardaga]] <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Gumla district|Gumla]] <br /> |1<br /> |[[Chamra Linda]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Simdega district|Simdega]] <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Ranchi district|Ranchi]] <br /> |1<br /> |[[Shilpi Neha Tirkey]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Khunti district|Khunti]] <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=3|[[Kolhan division]]<br /> |[[West Singhbhum district|West Singhbhum]] <br /> |1<br /> |[[Deepak Birua]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Seraikela Kharsawan district|Seraikela Kharsawan]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[East Singhbhum district|East Singhbhum]]<br /> |1<br /> |[[Ramdas Soren]]<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=6|[[Santhal Pargana division]]<br /> |[[Jamtara district|Jamtara]] <br /> |1<br /> |[[Irfan Ansari]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Deoghar district|Deoghar]] <br /> |1<br /> |[[Hafizul Hasan]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Dumka district|Dumka]] <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Pakur district|Pakur]] <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Godda district|Godda]] <br /> |2<br /> |[[Sanjay Prasad Yadav]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Dipika Pandey Singh]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Sahebganj district|Sahebganj]] <br /> |1<br /> |[[Hemant Soren]] ({{Small|[[Chief Minister of Jharkhand|Chief Minister]]}})<br /> |-<br /> ! Total <br /> !<br /> !12<br /> !<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> ===Notes===<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> ===Sources===<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> {{Current Indian ministries}}<br /> [[Category:Lists of current Indian state and territorial ministries]]<br /> [[Category:Indian ministries established in 2024|Hemant IV]]<br /> [[Category:2024 in Indian politics]]<br /> [[Category:Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]<br /> [[Category:Jharkhand ministries|Hemant IV]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Y._Antas_Khan&diff=545902 2025-12-08T10:57:35Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: started the entry first draft</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br /> '''Y. Antas Khan''' is an Indian politician and former member of the [[Manipur Legislative Assembly]] representing [[Lilong (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Lilong]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-11-23 |title=MLA Antas joins BJP {{!}} Pothashang News |url=https://www.pothashang.in/2021/11/24/mla-antas-joins-bjp/ |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=Pothashang |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was elected from Lilong in the [[2020 Manipur Legislative Assembly by-elections]] following the resignation of [[Muhammad Abdul Nasir]] as an Independent candidate.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=MF News |date=2020-11-05 |title=Let's save Lilong AC from Abdul Nasir, says Y Antas Khan |url=https://manipurfact.com/lets-save-lilong-ac-from-abdul-nasir-says-y-antas-khan/ |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=manipurfact.com |language=en-US |archive-date=7 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307193934/https://manipurfact.com/lets-save-lilong-ac-from-abdul-nasir-says-y-antas-khan/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-02-27 |title='BJP more secular than other parties,' says its lone Muslim candidate in fray, from Manipur |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/bjp-more-secular-than-other-parties-says-its-lone-muslim-candidate-in-fray-from-manipur-7792550/ |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Muslims may play a decisive role in Manipur elections |url=https://www.awazthevoice.in/india-news/muslims-may-play-a-decisive-role-in-manipur-elections-10013.html |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=Awaz the voice}}&lt;/ref&gt; In February 2022, Khan was the only Muslim candidate of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the five state assembly election that year.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Y. Antas}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Manipur MLAs 2017–2022]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Manipur]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Muslims]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Manipur-politician-stub}}</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaluveli_Bird_Sanctuary&diff=507808 2025-11-29T03:43:32Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: </p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Wildlife Sanctuary in Tamil Nadu, India}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox protected area<br /> | name = Kaluveli Bird Sanctuary<br /> | map = India Tamil Nadu#India<br /> | relief = 1<br /> | mapframe = Yes<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|12|07|20|N|79|52|30|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | coords_ref = <br /> | label = Kaluveli Bird Sanctuary<br /> | established = 2021<br /> | area_km2 = 51.56<br /> | governing_body = [http://www.forests.tn.nic.in Tamil Nadu Forest Department]<br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Kaluveli Bird Sanctuary''', sometimes spelled '''Kazhuveli Bird Sanctuary''', is a [[Protected areas of Tamil Nadu|protected area]] and [[bird sanctuary]] located in [[Villupuram district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. <br /> <br /> == Location ==<br /> The sanctuary covers an area of {{convert|51.56|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} and was notified in 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Kazhuveli wetland in Tamil Nadu declared bird sanctuary|newspaper=[[Indian Express]]|date=7 December 2021|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chennai/tamil-nadu-kazhuveli-wetland-bird-sanctuary-7660209/|access-date=25 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was designated as a [[Ramsar site]] of international importance in 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chaitanya |first=SV Krishna |date=2024-08-15 |title=Two more wetlands added: Tamil Nadu tops Ramsar list with a total of 18 sites |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2024/Aug/15/two-more-wetlands-added-tamil-nadu-tops-ramsar-list-with-a-total-of-18-sites |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The sanctuary has the brackish shallow [[Kaluveli|Kaluveli lake]], which is connected to the Bay of Bengal by the brackish Uppukalli creek and the Edayanthittu Estuary.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-08-14 |title=India’s three more wetlands get global tag of international importance |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/indias-three-more-wetlands-get-global-tag-of-international-importance/articleshow/112519070.cms |access-date=2024-08-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Fauna ==<br /> It lies in the [[Central Asian Flyway]] and hence is an important stopover site for migratory bird species.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Protected Areas of India}}<br /> {{Protected areas of Tamil Nadu}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:2021 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Protected areas established in 2021]]<br /> [[Category:Ramsar sites in India]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=M._P._Pandove&diff=450714 2025-11-25T06:51:05Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: Article updated with improved flow</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian cricketer}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox cricketer<br /> | name = M. P. Pandove<br /> | image = <br /> | country = India<br /> | fullname = Mohinder Pratap Pandove<br /> | nickname = <br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1945|11|18|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Sunam]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India<br /> | heightft = <br /> | heightinch = <br /> | heightm = <br /> | family = [[Dhruv Pandove]] (son)<br /> | batting = Right-handed<br /> | bowling = unknown<br /> | role = [[All-rounder]], occasional [[wicket-keeper]]<br /> | club1 = [[Southern Punjab cricket team (India)|Southern Punjab]]<br /> | year1 = 1960/61–1967/68<br /> | clubnumber1 = <br /> | club2 = [[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]]<br /> | year2 = 1968/69–1977/78<br /> | clubnumber2 = <br /> | columns = 1<br /> | column1 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]<br /> | matches1 = 75<br /> | runs1 = 3,341<br /> | bat avg1 = 28.31<br /> | 100s/50s1 = 3/17<br /> | top score1 = 109*<br /> | deliveries1 = 3,838<br /> | wickets1 = 52<br /> | bowl avg1 = 39.03<br /> | fivefor1 = 2<br /> | tenfor1 = 0<br /> | best bowling1 = 5/41<br /> | catches/stumpings1 = 37/1<br /> | date = 2 January<br /> | year = 2016<br /> | source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/32728.html ESPNcricinfo<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''M. P. Pandove''' (born 18 November 1945) is an Indian former [[first-class cricket|first-class]] [[cricket]]er and cricket administrator. During his playing career, he appeared for [[Southern Punjab cricket team (India)|Southern Punjab]], [[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]] and [[North Zone cricket team|North Zone]]. He later worked in administrative roles with the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI) and the [[Punjab Cricket Association]] (PCA).<br /> <br /> == Playing career==<br /> Pandove was born on 18 November 1945 in [[Sunam]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. He played as an all-rounder who batted right-handed and was an occasional [[wicket-keeper]].&lt;ref name=profile&gt;{{cite web|title=Mohinder Pandove|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/40/40205/40205.html|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=2 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; He made his first-class debut for Southern Punjab at the age of 14 in a [[1960–61 Ranji Trophy]] match against Jammu and Kashmir.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Jammu and Kashmir v Southern Punjab in 1960/61|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/24/24481.html|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=2 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; In a [[1961–62 Ranji Trophy]] game against Northern Punjab at [[Jalandhar]], he scored 100 [[not out]].&lt;ref name=century&gt;{{cite web|title=Northern Punjab v Southern Punjab in 1961/62|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/25/25291.html|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=2 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was 16 years 48 days old when he made that century.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=First-Class Youngest Batsman to Score a Hundred|url=http://stats.acscricket.com/Records/First_Class/Overall/Batting/Youngest_Batsman_to_Score_Hundred.html|publisher=Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians|access-date=2 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=profile/&gt;&lt;ref name=century/&gt; He played for Southern Punjab until the 1967/68 season, and after the team was unified with Northern Punjab, he continued his career with the newly created Punjab team. He played till the 1977/78 season and appeared in one match for North Zone in the 1971–72 Duleep Trophy.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=First-Class Matches played by Mohinder Pandove|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/40/40205/First-Class_Matches.html|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=2 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == As Administrator ==<br /> <br /> Pandove became a cricket administrator in his later years. He has worked in several positions such as the joint secretary of the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=BCCI appoints three new umpires to International Panel|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/259069.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; BCCI treasurer&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The game goes on even after retirement|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/opinion/qaiser-mohammad-ali/story/the-game-goes-on-even-after-retirement-86224-2010-11-26|publisher=India Today|access-date=2 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the honorary secretary of PCA, a position he holds as of December 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Upward swing in Punjab cricket: PCA Secretary|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/upward-swing-in-punjab-cricket-pca-secretary-535866-2015-12-22|publisher=India Today|access-date=2 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pandove was the senior selector for the Indian team when [[Sachin Tendulkar]] was made captain.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Tendulkar an epitome of dedication and discipline: Pandove|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/cricketnext/news/tendulkar-an-epitome-of-dedication-and-discipline-pandove-650363.html|publisher=IBNLive|access-date=2 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; In April 2015, he was appointed chairman of the [[National Cricket Academy]] for the second time.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=MP Pandove appointed NCA chairman|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/sports/mp-pandove-appointed-nca-chairman/68084.html|work=The Tribune|access-date=2 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; In August 2015, he was appointed to chair a five-member ad-hoc committee for cricket administration in the state of [[Uttarakhand]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=BCCI forms ad-hoc committees to run cricket in Bihar, Uttarakhand|url=http://www.rediff.com/cricket/report/bcci-forms-ad-hoc-committees-to-run-cricket-in-bihar-uttarakhand-india/20150807.htm|publisher=Rediff|access-date=2 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> Pandove's son [[Dhruv Pandove]] was also a first-class cricketer who represented Punjab. Dhruv scored his first century at the age of 14 years and 294 days.&lt;ref name=Youngest&gt;[http://stats.acscricket.com/Records/First_Class/Overall/Batting/Youngest_Batsman_to_Score_Hundred.html Youngest batsman to score 100] Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians&lt;/ref&gt; He died in a road accident in January 1992 at the age of 18.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/228731.html|title=Obituaries in 1992<br /> |year=1993|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=30 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{cricinfo|ref=ci/content/player/32728.html}}<br /> * {{cricketarchive|ref=Archive/Players/40/40205/40205.html}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Pandove, M. P.}}<br /> [[Category:1945 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Southern Punjab cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Punjab, India cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:North Zone cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian cricket administrators]]<br /> [[Category:Cricketers from Punjab, India]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bharat_Bhushan_Agarwal&diff=490863 2025-11-16T16:39:31Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: Pg</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian writer (1919–1975)}}<br /> {{More citations needed|date=October 2021}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox writer<br /> | name = Bharat Bhushan Agarwal<br /> | image = <br /> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1919|08|03}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Mathura]], India<br /> | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1975|06|23|1919| 03|08}}<br /> | death_place = <br /> | occupation = {{hlist| litterateur, Poet, Critic}}<br /> | alma_mater = <br /> | movement = <br /> | notableworks = {{Hlist|Utna wahh Suraj Hai |Chhavi Ke Bandhan|MuktiMarg|Ek Utha Hua hath }}<br /> | spouse = <br /> | awards = [[Sahitya Akademi]] Awarded in 1978<br /> | signature = <br /> | signature_alt = <br /> | portaldisp = <br /> }} <br /> '''Bharat Bhushan Agarwal''' (born 3 August 1919 – 23 June 1975) was a [[Hindi]] [[ litterateur]] and poet who has been honored by [[Sahitya Akademi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;academy&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/awards/akademi%20samman_suchi_h.jsp#hindi | title=Akademi Awards | publisher= Sahitya Akademi | accessdate=4 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915135020/http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/awards/akademi%20samman_suchi_h.jsp#hindi | archive-date=15 September 2016 | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; in 1978 for their poem '''Utna Vah Suraj Hai'''. He was also an important poet of [[Tar Saptak]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Bharat Bhushan Aagarwal Helps the Agyeya for Editing of Poem Tar Saptak|url=https://hindisarang.com/sptak-ke-kavi/<br /> |website=hindisarang.com|date=14 May 2019<br /> |access-date=20 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603085826/https://hindisarang.com/sptak-ke-kavi/<br /> |archive-date=3 June 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; edited by [[Agyeya]].<br /> <br /> == Biography ==<br /> Bharat Bhushan Agrawal was born on 3 August 1919 in [[Mathura]] and died on 23 June 1975.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gautama 2000&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Gautama|first=Mulachand|title=Bhārata Bhūshaṇa Agravāla|location=New Delhi|publisher=Sāhitya Akādemī|series=[[Makers of Indian Literature|Bhāratīya Sāhitya ke Nirmātā]]|year=2000|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qchjAAAAMAAJ|language=hi|isbn=978-81-260-0952-7|pages=7–9}}&lt;/ref&gt; He completed higher education in [[Agra]] and [[Delhi]], then worked in [[All India Radio|Akashvani]] and served in many literary institutions. Away from ancestral business, he considered writing literature as his work. After the publication of his first collection of poetry 'Chavi Ke Bandhan' (1941), he went to Calcutta as the editor of 'Samaj Sevak', the mouthpiece of Marwari society. It was here that he was introduced to Bengali literature and culture. Bharat Bhushan joined as an important poet in '[[Tar Saptak]]' (1943) and became famous for his poems and oratories. While writing his other works 'Jagte Raho' (1942), 'Muktimarg' (1947), he was also associated with the magazine 'Pratik' published from [[Allahabad]] and in 1948 became Program Officer in All India Radio. In 1959, he published a collection 'O unprepared mind', which was a demonstration of his creative maturity and ideological maturity.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Experimentalism, new poetry and these 3 selected poems of Bharat Bhushan Agarwal |url=https://www.amarujala.com/kavya/kavya-charcha/bharat-bhushan-agrwal-hindi-poems-and-prayogvad-and-nayi-kavita<br /> |website=amarujala.com|access-date=20 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603085826/https://www.amarujala.com/kavya/kavya-charcha/bharat-bhushan-agrwal-hindi-poems-and-prayogvad-and-nayi-kavita<br /> |archive-date=3 June 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Bharat Bhushan Agarwal was the first conscious poet of urban life: Arun Kamal |url=https://www.jagran.com/delhi/new-delhi-city-sahitya-academy-program-21193775.html<br /> |website=jagran.com|access-date=20 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603085826/https://www.jagran.com/delhi/new-delhi-city-sahitya-academy-program-21193775.html<br /> |archive-date=3 June 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> '''Bharat Bhushan Agarwal Award''' is an award in the field of Hindi literature which was started from the year 1975 and it is given to new poets in the memory of Bharat Bhushan Agarwal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=List of People Honoured Bharat Bhushan Agarwal Award|url=http://kavitakosh.org/kk/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0<br /> |website=kavitakosh.org|access-date=20 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603085826/http://kavitakosh.org/kk/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0<br /> |archive-date=3 June 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Major works==<br /> Bharat Bhushan Agarwal's important major works are included here -:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=List of Major Works of Bharat Bhushan Aagarwal|url=https://www.hindwi.org/poets/bharatbhushan-agarwal/kavita|website=hindisarang.com|access-date=20 August 2021|archive-url=<br /> https://web.archive.org/web/20200603085826/https://www.hindwi.org/poets/bharatbhushan-agarwal/kavita<br /> |archive-date=3 June 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Datta 1987&quot;&gt;{{cite book |editor-last=Datta|editor-first=Amaresh|editor-link=Amaresh Datta|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|location=New Delhi|series=Encyclopaedia of Indian literature|year=1987|isbn=978-81-260-1803-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&amp;pg=PA97|access-date=2021-10-05|page=97}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> *[[Utna Vah Suraj Hai]] (That's the sun) -[[Sahitya Akademi]] Award for [[Poetry]] Collection.&lt;ref name=&quot;academy&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/awards/akademi%20samman_suchi_h.jsp#hindi | title=Akademi Awards | publisher= Sahitya Akademi | accessdate=4 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915135020/http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/awards/akademi%20samman_suchi_h.jsp#hindi | archive-date=15 September 2016 | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> * Chhavi Ke Bandhan (Image binding)<br /> * Jagte Raho (Stay awake)<br /> * Oo prastut man (Present Mind)<br /> * Anuupsthit log (Absent People)<br /> * MuktiMarg (liberation Road)<br /> * Ek Utha Hua hath (a raised hand)<br /> * Ahinsa (non-violence)<br /> * Chalte Chalte (while going)<br /> * Parineeti (culmination)<br /> * Prashn Chinh (Question Mark)<br /> * Phoota Prabhat (burst morning) <br /> * Bharatatva<br /> * Milan<br /> * Bida Bela (farewell time)<br /> * Videha<br /> * Samaj Lekh (tombstone)<br /> * Mahabharat Ki Ek Saanjh (evening)<br /> <br /> == Deputy Secretary of Sahitya Akademi ==<br /> Dr. Bharatbhushan Agrawal became the Deputy Secretary of the [[Sahitya Akademi]] in 1960 and contributed to the publication of the Akademi and its programs at the national level. In 1975, he became a visiting fellow of the Institute of Ushtar Studies, Shimla and till his death continued to do research on the topic 'Partition of the Country in Indian Literature'.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Biography of Bharat Bharat Bhushan Agarwal|url=https://brainly.in/question/3976987<br /> |website=brainly.in|access-date=20 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603085826/https://brainly.in/question/3976987<br /> |archive-date=3 June 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> His works, where they seem to be quite different from those of their contemporaries, remain as important and relevant today as they are due to their satiric intensity. Equally proficient in writing in different genres, Dr. Agrawal's works are particularly noteworthy - a lot of rest, absent people, paper flowers, incidentally and the poet's vision. His works have been published in four volumes.{{fact|date=April 2023}}<br /> <br /> ==References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Sahitya Akademi Award For Hindi}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Agarwal, Bharat Bhushan}}<br /> [[Category:1919 births]]<br /> [[Category:1975 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:People from Mathura district]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Hindi]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male poets]]<br /> [[Category:People from Mathura]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2021%E2%80%9322_Punjab_State_Super_Football_League&diff=482854 2025-10-30T07:45:09Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}} {{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}<br /> {{infobox football league season<br /> | competition = [[Punjab State Super Football League]]<br /> | season = 2021–22<br /> | winners = [[Border Security Force Sporting Club|BSF]]<br /> | matches = <br /> | total goals = <br /> | league topscorer = <br /> | best goalkeeper = <br /> | biggest home win = <br /> | biggest away win = <br /> | highest scoring = <br /> | longest wins = <br /> | longest unbeaten = <br /> | longest winless = <br /> | longest losses = <br /> | highest attendance = <br /> | lowest attendance = <br /> | average attendance = <br /> | prevseason = [[2020–21 Punjab State Super Football League|2020–21]]<br /> | nextseason = [[2022–23 Punjab State Super Football League|2022–23]]<br /> | updated =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''2021-22 Punjab State Super Football League''' was the 35th season of the [[Punjab State Super Football League]], the top-tier [[Association football|football]] league in the [[India]]n state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. [[FC Punjab Police|Punjab Police]] are the defending champions. The league commenced from 21 September 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=15 September 2019|title=33rd JCT Punjab State Super Football League 2019|url=http://www.indiafooty.com/33nd-jct-punjab-state-super-football-league-2019-20/|work=indiafooty.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=21 October 2019|title=Minerva Punjab FC Beat Punjab Police to Win 2nd Straight Punjab Super League Title|url=https://www.news18.com/news/football/minerva-punjab-fc-beat-punjab-police-to-win-2nd-straight-punjab-super-league-title-2353189.html|work=news18}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Teams==<br /> A total number of 11 teams participated in the league.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Punjab State Super Football League|url=https://theawayend.co/punjab-state-super-football-league/|access-date=2021-07-20|website=The Away End|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fixtures, Results and Table of India Punjab Super League Football League|url=https://www.scorebing.com/league/2383|access-date=2021-07-20|website=ScoreBing|language=english}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Punjab State League 2020-21 Archives -|url=https://footballindia.co.in/tag/punjab-state-league-2020-21/|access-date=2021-07-20|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Club<br /> !City/Town<br /> |-<br /> |[[FC Punjab Police]]<br /> |[[Jalandhar]]<br /> |- <br /> | CRPF FC<br /> |[[Jalandhar]]<br /> |-<br /> |Dalbir FC<br /> |[[Patiala]]<br /> |-<br /> |BSF FC<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Jagat Singh Palahi FA<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[RoundGlass Punjab FC]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Sant Baba Bhag Singh FA<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |SGHS FA<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Khalsa Warriors FC<br /> |[[Chandigarh]]<br /> |-<br /> |Principal Harbhajan FC<br /> |[[Jalandhar]]<br /> |-<br /> |Sikh Regiment Center FC<br /> |[[Jalandhar]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Standings==<br /> &lt;onlyinclude&gt;&lt;!-- to include this in other page {{:2021–22 Punjab State Super Football League|transincludesection=Standings}} --&gt;<br /> <br /> {{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL<br /> |source=[http://gsfa.in GSFA]<br /> |update=complete<br /> <br /> &lt;!--Update team positions here--&gt;<br /> |team1=BSF<br /> |team2=JSP<br /> |team3=HGS<br /> |team4=PP<br /> |team5=CRPF<br /> |team6=RGP<br /> |team7=KW<br /> |team8=PH<br /> |team9=BBS<br /> |team10=SRC<br /> |team11=DFC<br /> <br /> |result1=C |result2=Q |result3=Q<br /> |result11=R<br /> <br /> |win_BSF=7 |draw_BSF=3 |loss_BSF=0 |gf_BSF=16 |ga_BSF=3 &lt;!-- Border Security Force --&gt;<br /> |win_JSP=5 |draw_JSP=3 |loss_JSP=2 |gf_JSP=16 |ga_JSP=10 &lt;!-- Jagat Singh Palahi --&gt;<br /> |win_HGS=5 |draw_HGS=3 |loss_HGS=2 |gf_HGS=12 |ga_HGS=8 &lt;!-- Hargobind Sahib --&gt;<br /> |win_PP=5 |draw_PP=3 |loss_PP=2 |gf_PP=11 |ga_PP=7 &lt;!-- Punjab Police --&gt;<br /> |win_CRPF=5 |draw_CRPF=1 |loss_CRPF=4 |gf_CRPF=13 |ga_CRPF=9 &lt;!-- CRPF --&gt;<br /> |win_RGP=3 |draw_RGP=3 |loss_RGP=4 |gf_RGP=17 |ga_RGP=21 &lt;!-- RoundGlass Punjab B --&gt;<br /> |win_KW=2 |draw_KW=5 |loss_KW=3 |gf_KW=11 |ga_KW=12 &lt;!-- Khalsa Warriors--&gt;<br /> |win_PH=3 |draw_PH=2 |loss_PH=5 |gf_PH=8 |ga_PH=12 &lt;!-- Principal Harbhajan --&gt;<br /> |win_BBS=1 |draw_BBS=5 |loss_BBS=4 |gf_BBS=8 |ga_BBS=12 &lt;!-- Baba Bhag Singh --&gt;<br /> |win_SRC=0 |draw_SRC=7 |loss_SRC=3 |gf_SRC=10 |ga_SRC=16 &lt;!-- Sikh Regiment --&gt;<br /> |win_DFC=0 |draw_DFC=3 |loss_DFC=7 |gf_DFC=6 |ga_DFC=18 &lt;!-- Dalbir --&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;!--Team definitions--&gt;<br /> |name_BSF=[[Border Security Force Sporting Club|BSF FC]]<br /> |name_JSP=[[Jagat Singh Palahi FC|Jagat Singh Palahi FA]]<br /> |name_HGS=Sri Guru Hargobind Sahib FA<br /> |name_PP=[[Punjab Police FC|Punjab Police]]<br /> |name_CRPF=[[Central Reserve Police Force|CRPF]]<br /> |name_RGP=[[RoundGlass Punjab FC|RoundGlass Punjab B]]<br /> |name_KW=Khalsa Warriors FC<br /> |name_PH=Principal Harbhajan SA<br /> |name_BBS=Sant Baba Bhag Singh FA<br /> |name_SRC=Sikh Regiment Centre FC<br /> |name_DFC=Dalbir FC<br /> <br /> &lt;!--Table settings and rules--&gt;<br /> |show_limit=5<br /> |class_rules=1) points; 2) head-to-head points; 3) head-to-head goal difference; 4) head-to-head goals scored; 5) goal difference; 6) number of goals scored; 7) fair play ranking; 8) drawing of lots<br /> <br /> &lt;!--Qualification and relegation column definitions--&gt;<br /> |res_col_header=Q<br /> |col_C=green1 |text_C='''Champions'''<br /> |col_Q=yellow1 |text_Q= Possible qualification for [[I-League 2|2023–24 I-League 2]]<br /> |col_R=red1 |text_R=Relegation to Punjab 2nd Division<br /> }}&lt;/onlyinclude&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[2021–22 season in state football leagues of India]]<br /> **[[2021–22 FD Senior Division]]<br /> **[[2022 Himachal Football League]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Punjab State Super Football League}}<br /> {{2021–22 in Indian football}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:2021-22 Punjab State Super Football League}}<br /> [[Category:Punjab State Super Football League seasons]]<br /> [[Category:2021–22 in Indian football leagues]]<br /> [[Category:2021–22 in Indian football]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Divyadaan:_Journal_of_Philosophy_and_Education&diff=454226 2025-10-26T03:10:04Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: general improve citations to improve readability and cleaned formatting</p> <hr /> <div>{{moresources|date=March 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox journal<br /> | title = Divyadaan: Journal of Philosophy and Education<br /> | image = <br /> | former_name = Divyadaan: A Philosophical Annual; Divyadaan: Journal of Philosophy<br /> | abbreviation = Divyadaan<br /> | discipline = <br /> | language = <br /> | editor = <br /> | publisher = Divyadaan: Salesian Institute of Philosophy<br /> | country = India<br /> | history = 1984–present<br /> | frequency = Triannually<br /> | openaccess = <br /> | license = <br /> | impact = <br /> | impact-year = <br /> | ISSN = 0972-2211<br /> | eISSN = <br /> | CODEN = <br /> | JSTOR = <br /> | LCCN = <br /> | OCLC = <br /> | website = <br /> | link1 = <br /> | link1-name = <br /> | link2 = <br /> | link2-name = <br /> }}<br /> '''''Divyadaan: Journal of Philosophy and Education''''' is published three times a year by Divyadaan: Salesian Institute of Philosophy, Nashik, India.&lt;ref&gt;[https://divyadaan.sdbinb.in Divyadaan Organization]&lt;/ref&gt; It focuses mainly on philosophy, with interest also in the streams of education and communication, which are the two specializations offered by the Institute. The Institute is run by the Society of St Francis de Sales, also known as the [[Salesians of Don Bosco]], an international Catholic religious congregation whose primary mission is the education of young people, especially those who are disadvantaged. The congregation also interests itself in the welfare of middle- and working-class people, hence its interest in popular communication.<br /> <br /> ==Earlier names==<br /> Originally entitled ''Divyadaan: A Philosophical Annual'', in 1995 it was renamed ''Divyadaan: Journal of Philosophy'', and in 1996 ''Divyadaan: Journal of Philosophy and Education''. Articles are indexed in ''The Philosopher's Index''.<br /> <br /> ==Features==<br /> Besides articles, the journal offers 'Dissertation Abstracts' (of doctoral dissertations in philosophy, education and communication published in the South Asia region) and 'Reviews and Notices'.<br /> <br /> In 2009 (vol. 20/2) the journal began serializing [[Richard De Smet]]'s 'Guidelines in Indian Philosophy', which up to then had existed only in the form of cyclostyled notes for students at [[Jnana-Deepa Vidyapeeth|Jnana Deepa Vidyapeeth, Pune]].<br /> <br /> ==Editors==<br /> Joaquim D'Souza edited the journal from 1984-85 to 1987-88 (vols. 1-3); Albano Fernandes from 1993 to 1998 (vols. 5-9); Ivo Coelho in 1988-89 (vol. 4), and then again since 1999 (vol. 10). Since 2014 (vol. 25) Banzelao Julio Teixeira has joined as co-editor.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Literary magazines published in India]]<br /> [[Category:Philosophy journals]]<br /> [[Category:Salesians of Don Bosco]]<br /> [[Category:Triannual journals]]<br /> [[Category:Magazines established in 1984]]<br /> [[Category:1984 establishments in Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Nashik]]<br /> [[Category:Mass media in Maharashtra]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=V._C._Vellingiri_Gounder&diff=543037 2025-09-13T22:21:01Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: started the details w/ refs</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician (1880–1948)}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | image = <br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date|1880|10|28|df=yes}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Vellakkinar]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]]<br /> | death_date = {{Death date and age|1948|11|7|1880|10|28|df=yes}}<br /> | children = 3<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''V. C. Vellingiri Gounder''' (28 October 1880 – 7 November 1948) was an Indian agriculturist, industrialist, and politician from [[Tamil Nadu]].<br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> Vellingiri Gounder was born on 28 October 1880 in [[Vellakinar|Vellakkinar]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AcQ8AQAAIAAJ |title=Biographical Encyclopedia of the World |date=1948 |publisher=Institute for Research in Biography. |pages=2038 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; to V. K. Chinnappa Gounder and Parvathi Ammal.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=V.C. Vellingiri Gounder |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?26024 |website=Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He attended Hindu College in [[Coimbatore]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; In 1898, he married Nanjammal of Narasipuram, and the couple had three children—two daughters and a son.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Political career ==<br /> He was an active participant in the anti-liquor campaign of 1922, advocating temperance in Tamil Nadu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Pulparampil |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mstPDwAAQBAJ |title=Nation Building and Local Leadership: A Study from South India |publisher=Educreation Publishing |pages=367 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=India) |first=Mythic Society (Bangalore |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xv9tAAAAMAAJ |title=The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (Bangalore). |date=1998 |publisher=Mythic Society |pages=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He served as a member of the [[Madras Legislative Council]] for two terms in [[1920 Madras Presidency Legislative Council election|1920]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Office |first=Great Britain India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aDh0exPIDTEC |title=East India (Constitutional Reforms: Elections).: Return Showing the Results of Elections in India |date=1921 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |pages=4 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[1923 Madras Presidency Legislative Council election|1923]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4zBRAQAAIAAJ |title=Cambridge South Asian Studies |date=1965 |isbn=978-0-521-20755-3 |pages=335 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1932, he was elected to the [[Council of State (India)|Council of State]] (an upper house of the legislature during British rule).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ykHVAAAAMAAJ |title=The Who's who in Madras: ... A Pictorial Who's who of Distinguished Personages, Princes, Zemindars and Noblemen in the Madras Presidency |date=1939 |publisher=Pearl Press |pages=276 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Nehru |first=Jawaharlal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HXpDAAAAYAAJ |title=Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru: Second series |date=1990 |publisher=Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund |pages=520 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He later became the President of the Coimbatore District Board in January 1933,&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; a position he held for approximately nine years.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bell |first=Roger |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ey4DCgAAQBAJ |title=Recollections of an Indian Official 1928-1949 |date=2015-03-12 |publisher=Xlibris Corporation |isbn=978-1-4990-2877-5 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was re-elected to the Council of State in [[1945 Indian general election|1945]], representing the Central District (Salem, Coimbatore &amp; North Arcot) of the Madras Presidency.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OPW1AAAAIAAJ |title=The Country Votes Congress: Being a Brief Analysis of the Results of the Central Assembly Elections, 1945-46 |date=1946 |publisher=Indian National Congress, Central Election Board |pages=5 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1936, Gounder founded the Gnanambika Mills in his village.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He was also a founding member of the Gounder caste association.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lee |first=Alexander |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NzQTEAAAQBAJ |title=From Hierarchy to Ethnicity: The Politics of Caste in Twentieth-Century India |date=2020-02-27 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-48990-4 |pages=78 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was closely associated with the [[Ramakrishna Mission]], supporting its educational initiatives.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Avinashilingam |first=T. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TWpXAAAAMAAJ |title=Education for National Integration: A Symposium |date=1967 |publisher=Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Histroy in brief |url=https://rkmvhsg.org/histroy-in-brief/ |access-date=2024-12-31 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Death ==<br /> Vellingiri Gounder died on 7 November 1948.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1880 births]]<br /> [[Category:1948 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Members of the Council of State (India)]]<br /> [[Category:Indian independence activists from Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Politicians from Tamil Nadu]]<br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Vellingiri Gounder, V. C.}}</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=K._E._Krishna_Murthy&diff=506858 2025-09-12T16:10:53Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1938)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox office holder<br /> | image = The Deputy Chief Minister, Shri K. E. Krishna Murthy (cropped).jpg<br /> | name = K. E. Krishna Murthy<br /> | image_size = 200px<br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_name = Kambalapadu Ediga Krisha Murthy Goud<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1938|10|2}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Dhone]], India<br /> | office1 = 7th [[List of deputy chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Deputy Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> | 1blankname1 = Governor<br /> | 1namedata1 = [[E. S. L. Narasimhan]]<br /> | 2blankname1 = Chief Minister<br /> | 2namedata1 = [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]<br /> | alongside1 = [[Nimmakayala Chinarajappa]]<br /> | term_start1 = 8 June 2014<br /> | term_end1 = 29 May 2019<br /> | successor1 = {{ubl|[[Pilli Subhash Chandra Bose]]|[[Alla Nani]]|[[K. Narayana Swamy]]|[[Pushpasreevani Pamula]]|[[Amzath Basha Shaik Bepari]]}}<br /> | predecessor1 = [[Damodar Raja Narasimha]]<br /> | office2 = [[Third N. Chandrababu Naidu Ministry|Minister for Revenue, Registration and Stamps]]&lt;br&gt;[[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> | 1blankname2 = Chief Minister<br /> | 1namedata2 = [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]<br /> | term_start2 = 8 June 2014<br /> | term_end2 = 29 May 2019<br /> | governor2 = [[E. S. L. Narasimhan]]<br /> | predecessor2 = [[Raghu Veera Reddy]]<br /> | successor2 = [[Pilli Subhash Chandra Bose]]<br /> | office3 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]<br /> | term3 = 1999 - 2004<br /> | predecessor3 = [[Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy]]<br /> | successor3 = [[Kotla Jaya Surya Prakash Reddy]]<br /> | constituency3 = [[Kurnool (Lok Sabha constituency)| Kurnool]]<br /> | office4 = [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly| Member of Legislative Assembly&lt;br&gt;Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> | term4 = 2014 - 2019<br /> | predecessor4 = K. E. Prabhakar<br /> | successor4 = [[Kangati Sreedevi]]<br /> | constituency4 = [[Pattikonda (Assembly constituency)| Pattikonda]]<br /> | term5 = 2009 - 2014<br /> | predecessor5 = Kotla Sujathamma<br /> | successor5 = [[Buggana Rajendranath Reddy]]<br /> | constituency5 = [[Dhone (Assembly constituency)| Dhone]]<br /> | term6 = 1978 - 1994<br /> | predecessor6 = Seshanna<br /> | successor6 = [[Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy]]<br /> | constituency6 = [[Dhone (Assembly constituency)| Dhone]]<br /> | occupation = [[Politician]]<br /> | years_active = <br /> | known_for = Telugu Ganga project<br /> | notable_works = <br /> | alma_mater = Sri Venkateswara University<br /> | relations = K. E. Madanna (Father)&lt;br/&gt;<br /> K. E. Prabhakar (Brother)&lt;br/&gt;<br /> K. E. Prathap (Brother)&lt;br/&gt;<br /> [[K. E. Shyam Babu]] (son)<br /> | spouse = K. E. Padmavathamma<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Kambalapadu Ediga Krishna Murthy''' (born 2 October 1938), popularly known as '''K. E. Krishna Murthy''', is an Indian politician from Andhra Pradesh. He served as [[Third N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry|Deputy Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]] from 2014-2019 and as an Irrigation minister in [[Second N. T. Rama Rao ministry|N. T. Rama Rao cabinet]] from 1985-1987. Also he worked in the cabinet of [[Tanguturi Anjaiah]]. <br /> <br /> Murthy was elected to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly five times from [[Dhone]] constituency, one time from [[Pattikonda Assembly constituency|Pattikonda]] constituency and to the Lok Sabha for one term from [[Kurnool Lok Sabha constituency|Kurnool]] constituency.<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Krishna Murthy was born in Kambalapadu, Kurnool district. His father [[K. E. Madanna]] is a freedom fighter. His mother's name is K. E. Madamma. His son [[K. E. Shyam Babu]] won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Pattikonda Assembly constituency]] representing [[Telugu Desam Party]]. He has two younger brothers K. E. Prabhakar and K. E. Prathap. He pursued M.A. from [[Sri Venkateswara University]] and L.L.B. from [[Sagar University]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]. He is considered as a popular OBC Goud community leader of Andhra Pradesh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Teja |first=Charan |date=2019-03-04 |title=Will historic coming together of Kotla and KE families in Kurnool work for TDP? |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/andhra-pradesh/will-historic-coming-together-kotla-and-ke-families-kurnool-work-tdp-97708 |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Following the footsteps of his father, who was the former MLA and MLC, Murthy entered politics after his father retired in 1978. He was elected as an MLA for the first time in 1978 from Dhone Assembly Constituency representing Indian National Congress. He got elected for a second term from the same constituency in 1983 again on [[Indian National Congress]] Party ticket.<br /> <br /> He later resigned from Indian National Congress (INC) party and joined the Telugu Desam Party and won a third term as MLA from the same Dhone constituency in 1985 defeating [[Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-12-04 |title=Andhra Pradesh assembly elections: Telugu Desam's victory comes as no surprise |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/19850331-andhra-pradesh-assembly-elections-telugu-desams-victory-comes-as-no-surprise-769926-2013-12-03 |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Later, he had differences with former [[Chief Minister]] N. T. Rama Rao, and rejoined INC. He won as MLA for the fourth time from Dhone in 1989.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2009-04-13 |title=Hat-trick scorers from Kurnool |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2009/Apr/13/hat-trick-sc-orers-from-kurnool-40682.html |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He worked as a minister in both the cabinets of former [[chief minister]]s, [[Tanguturi Anjaiah]] of INC and [[N. T. Rama Rao]] of TDP.<br /> <br /> In 1998, he once again resigned from INC and shifted to TDP under the leadership of [[chief minister]] [[Nara Chandrababu Naidu]] and lost the [[Kurnool Lok Sabha constituency|Kurnool Lok Sabha Constituency]] by a small margin to [[Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1994-11-30 |title=Andhra Pradesh polls: Congress(I), TDP slug it out while BJP harbours more limited ambitions |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19941130-andhra-pradesh-polls-congressi-tdp-slug-it-out-while-bjp-harbours-more-limited-ambitions-810271-1994-11-29 |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, he entered the Parliament of India in 1999 representing TDP from Kurnool, defeating [[Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy|Reddy]] this time.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; In parliament, he was a member of the Committee on Defence, and Committee on Public Undertakings.<br /> <br /> In 2004, he lost the Kurnool Lok Sabha constituency. He also served as Revenue, Stamps &amp; Registration minister and was the Polit Bureau member of the TDP.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=TDP panel to study Telangana sentiment|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/04/08/stories/2008040856940400.htm|accessdate=8 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415084903/http://www.hindu.com/2008/04/08/stories/2008040856940400.htm|archivedate=15 April 2008|url-status=dead|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2008-04-08|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2009, he won the [[Dhone]] Assembly Constituency for the fifth time representing Telugu Desam Party. In 2013, he was appointed to AP Public Accounts Committee.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2013-07-04 |title=TDP MLA K E Krishnamurthy was appointed chairman of AP Public Accounts Committee ( PAC). |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tdp-mla-k-e-krishnamurthy-was-appointed-chairman-of-ap-public-accounts-committee-pac-/articleshow/20911862.cms |access-date=2024-05-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later in 2014, he shifted to [[Pattikonda Assembly constituency|Pattikonda Assembly Constituency]] and won as MLA for the sixth time in the [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]. He became the Deputy Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh and also held the Revenue, Stamps &amp; Registration ministry.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-03-08 |title=Andhra Deputy chief minister Krishnamurthy sulks again! |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2017/Mar/08/andhra-deputy-chief-minister-krishnamurthy-sulks-again-1579032.html |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2016-06-24 |title=TDP leaders slam Dhone MLA |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/TDP-leaders-slam-Dhone-MLA/article14400937.ece |access-date=2024-05-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Third N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Krishnamurthy, K. E.}}<br /> [[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]<br /> [[Category:1938 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Telugu politicians]]<br /> [[Category:India MPs 1999–2004]]<br /> [[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1978–1983]]<br /> [[Category:Deputy chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Sri Venkateswara University alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Politicians from Kurnool district]]<br /> [[Category:Lok Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Third N. Chandrababu Naidu Cabinet (2014–2019)]]<br /> [[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1983–1985]]<br /> [[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1985–1989]]<br /> [[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1989–1994]]<br /> [[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2009–2014]]<br /> [[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2014–2019]]</div>

DoreenDiggs540 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nandiambakkam_railway_station&diff=468622 2025-08-24T19:49:20Z

<p>DoreenDiggs540: improve structure per sources and updated info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Railway station in Chennai, India}}<br /> {{multiple issues|<br /> {{more footnotes needed|date=February 2019}}<br /> {{one source|date=February 2019}}<br /> {{independent sources|date=February 2019}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox station<br /> | name = Nandiambakkam<br /> | type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways]] and [[Chennai Suburban Railway]] station<br /> | style = Indian Railways<br /> | image = Nandiambakkam railway station.jpg<br /> | image_caption = <br /> | address = [[Nandiambakkam]], Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord |13|16|7|N|80|16|33|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN-TN|display=inline}}<br /> | map_type = India#India Tamil Nadu<br /> | line = [[North Line, Chennai Suburban|North]] line of [[Chennai Suburban Railway]]<br /> | other = <br /> | structure = Standard on-ground station<br /> | platform = <br /> | depth = <br /> | levels = <br /> | tracks = <br /> | parking = Available<br /> | bicycle = <br /> | opened = <br /> | closed = <br /> | rebuilt = <br /> | electrified = 13 April 1979&lt;ref name=&quot;IRFCA_HistoryOfElectrification&quot;/&gt;<br /> | accessible = <br /> | code = NPKM<br /> | owned = [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]], [[Indian Railways]]<br /> | zone = [[Southern Railway (India)|Southern Railways]]<br /> | former = South Indian Railway<br /> | passengers = <br /> | pass_year = <br /> | pass_percent = <br /> | pass_system = <br /> | mpassengers = <br /> | services = <br /> | map_locator = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Nandiambakkam railway station''' is one of the railway stations of the [[Chennai Central]]–[[Gummidipoondi]] section of the [[Chennai Suburban Railway Network]]. It serves the neighbourhood of [[Nandiambakkam]], a suburb of Chennai, and is located 23&amp;nbsp;km north of [[Chennai Central]] railway station. It has an elevation of 6&amp;nbsp;m above [[Mean sea level|sea level]].<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The lines at the station were electrified on 13 April 1979, with the electrification of the Chennai Central–Gummidipoondi section.&lt;ref name=&quot;IRFCA_HistoryOfElectrification&quot;&gt;{{cite web<br /> | title = IR Electrification Chronology up to 31.03.2004 <br /> | work = History of Electrification <br /> | publisher = IRFCA.org <br /> | url = http://irfca.org/docs/electrification-history.html<br /> | access-date = 17 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{Portal|India}}<br /> * [[Chennai Suburban Railway]]<br /> * [[Railway stations in Chennai]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/nandiambakkam-npkm/7215 Nandiambakkam station at Indiarailinfo.com]<br /> <br /> {{Chennai - Suburban Railway, North|Nandiambakkam|Attipattu|Minjur|12|23.41}}<br /> {{Chennai Topics}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Chennai Suburban Railway stations]]<br /> [[Category:Railway stations in Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:Railway stations in Tiruvallur district]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{TamilNadu-railstation-stub}}</div>

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