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List of postage stamps of India (2011–2015)

2026-05-08T16:12:02Z

Doonedu: new new details needs work

{{short description|None}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2024}}

{{main|List of postage stamps of India}}
This is a list of postage stamps issued by the [[India Post]] between 2011 and 2015.

== 2011 ==
{| class = "wikitable" style = "text-align:justify" width = "98%"
|-
!#
!Issue date
!Description
!Image
!Denomination
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| 1
| 15 Jan 2011
| 100 Years of [[Doot (magazine)|'Doot' Periodical]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 259238 - Centenary of Doot.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
| <ref>{{cite news |last1=Raghunath |first1=Pamela |title=Stamp to mark 100 years of Gujarati magazine |url=https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/india/stamp-to-mark-100-years-of-gujarati-magazine-1.746031 |access-date=13 October 2025 |agency=Gulf News |date=16 September 2018}}</ref>
|-
| 2
| 27 Jan 2011
| [[Krishnadevaraya]] 500 Years
| [[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2011_-_Colnect_218767_-_Temple_God_and_Coins.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
| <ref>{{cite news |title=No place for Telangana in stamps |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/No-place-for-Telangana-in-stamps/articleshow/40628198.cms |access-date=14 October 2025 |agency=Times of India |date=22 August 2014 |archive-date=25 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825043130/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/No-place-for-Telangana-in-stamps/articleshow/40628198.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 3
| 1 Feb 2011
| [[Ranbir Singh Hooda|Chaudhary Ranbir Singh]]
| [[File:Ranbir Singh Hooda 2011 stamp of India.jpg|60 px]]
| 5.00
| <ref>{{cite news |title=Shri Kapil Sibal releasing a commemorative postal stamp in remembrance of the great freedom fighter, Chaudhary Ranbir Singh. |url=https://www.apnnews.com/released-a-commemorative-postal-stamp-in-remembrance-of-the-great-freedom-fighter-chaudhary-ranbir-singh/ |access-date=14 October 2025 |agency=APN News |date=1 February 2011}}</ref>
|-
| 4
| 2 Feb 2011
| 400 years of Foundation of Mary Ward–Loreto Institutions
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 259241 - Maryward loreto Institutions.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 5
| 4 Feb 2011
| 100 Years of [[Indian Army Corps of Signals|corps of signals]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 259242 - Corps of Signals.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 6
| 7 Feb 2011
| [[V. Subbiah]] Puducherry Leader, Birth Centenary
| [[File:Subbiah.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 7
| 8 Feb 2011
| [[Census of India]], 2011
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 259244 - Census Of India.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 8
| 11 Feb 2011
| [[V. Venkatasubha Reddiar]]
| [[File:V Venkatasubha Reddiar 2011 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 9
| 12 Feb 2011
| Special Khadi Stamp - Mahatma Gandhi
|
| 100 ₨
|
|-
| 10
| 12 Feb 2011
| U.P. Exhibition camp Allahbad
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 259247 - AERO PHILATELY.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 11
| 12 Feb 2011
| Pequsts Flight Card
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 259246 - AERO PHILATELY.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 12
| 12 Feb 2011
| Pequets Flight Path
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 259247 - AERO PHILATELY.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 13
| 12 Feb 2011
| Flight over Yamuna design line
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 259249 - AERO PHILATELY.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 14
| 13 Feb 2011
| [[Leela Naidu]]
| [[File:Leela Naidu 2011 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 15
| 13 Feb 2011
| [[Savitri (actress)|Savithri]]
| [[File:Savitri 2011 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 16
| 13 Feb 2011
| [[Nutan]]
| [[File:Nutan 2011 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 17
| 13 Feb 2011
| [[Meena Kumari]]
| [[File:Meena Kumari 2011 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 18
| 13 Feb 2011
| [[Kanan Devi]]
| [[File:Kanan Devi 2011 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 19
| 13 Feb 2011
| [[Devika Rani]]
| [[File:Devika Rani 2011 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 20
| 1 March 2011
| [[La Martinière Calcutta|Major General Claude Martin & La Martinière School, Kolkata]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 259256 - La Martiniere Schools.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 21
| 23 March 2011
| [[Subhadra Joshi]]
| [[File:Subhadra Joshi 2011 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 22
| 20 Apr 2011
| [[Chitralekha (weekly)|Chitralekha]]
| [[File:Vaju Kotak 2011 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 23
| 30 Apr 2011
| Umarao Kunwrnji 'Archana'
| [[File:जैन साध्वी उमराव कुंवर जी 'अर्चना' पर 5 रूपए का डाक टिकट .jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 24
| 7 May 2011
| [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 259260 - 150th Birth Anniv Rabindranath Tagore.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 25
| 7 May 2011
| [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 259261 - 150th Birth Anniv Rabindranath Tagore.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 26
| 7 May 2011
| 7th [[India–Africa Forum Summit|Africa—India Forum Summit]], 2011
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 259263 - Asian Elephant Elephas maximus.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 27
| 7 May 2011
| 7th [[India–Africa Forum Summit|Africa—India Forum Summit]], 2011
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 259262 - African Elephant Loxodonta africana.jpeg|60px]]
| 25.00
|
|-
| 28
| 6 Jul 2011
| [[Daulat Singh Kothari|Dr. D. S. Kothari]]
| [[File:Daulat Singh Kothari 2011 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 29
| 8 Jul 2011
| [[United Theological College, Bangalore|United Theological College]]
| [[File:United Theological College Bangalore 2011 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 30
| 21 Jul 2011
| [[Vitthal Sakharam Page]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 259266 - V S Page.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 31
| 28 Jul 2011
| [[Kasu Brahmananda Reddy]]
| [[File:Kasu Brahmananda Reddy 2011 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 32
| 1 Aug 2011
| [[K. M. Mathew]]
| [[File:KM Mathew 2011 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 33
| 5 August 2011
| [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 259269 - iRASHTRAPATI BHAVAN.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 34
| 5 August 2011
| [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 259270 - iiRASHTRAPATI BHAVAN.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 35
| 5 August 2011
| [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 259271 - iiiRASHTRAPATI BHAVAN.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 36
| 5 August 2011
| [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 259272 - ivRASHTRAPATI BHAVAN.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 37
| 25 August 2011
| [[Pandit K. Santanam|Pt. K. Santanam]]
| [[File:Kasturiranga Santhanam 2011 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 38
| 29 August 2011
| [[Madhav Shrihari Aney|Dr. M. S. Aney]]
| [[File:Madhav Shrihari Aney 2011 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 39
| 2 Sep 2011
| Surendranath Jauhar
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 259275 - Surendranath Jauhar.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 40
| 3 Sep 2011
| [[Devnarayan]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 259276 - Dev Narayan.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 41
| 7 Sep 2011
| [[Veer Teja|Tejaji Maharaj]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 259277 - Teja Ji Maharaj.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 42
| 8 Sep 2011
| [[Tripuraneni Gopichand]]
| [[File:Tripuraneni Gopichand 2011 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 43
| 25 Sep 2011
| Jaimalaji Maharaj
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 259279 - Acharya Jaimal Ji.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 44
| 30 Sep 2011
| The Trained Nurses Association of India
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 259280 - The Trained Nurses’ Association Of India.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 45
| 9 Oct 2011
| [[Chitrapur Math]]
| [[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2011_-_Colnect_259281_-_Chitrapur_math.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 46
| 12 Oct 2011
| The Punjab Regiment and 1 Para (SF) (1 Punjab)
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 259282 - The Punjab Regiment - Para sf 1 Punjab.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 47
| 8 Nov 2011
| [[Indian Council of Medical Research]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 259283 - Indian Council Of Medical Research.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 48
| 14 Nov 2011
| [[Children's Day (India)|Children's Day]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 259284 - Tiger Panthera tigris.jpeg|60px]]
| 20.00
|
|-
| 49
| 14 Nov 2011
| [[Children's Day (India)|Children's Day]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 259285 - Tiger Panthera tigris.jpeg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 50
| 25 Nov 2011
| [[Grand Lodge of India]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 259286 - Grand Lodge Of India.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 51
| 6 Dec 2011
| the Smile Train — Cleft Surgery
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 259287 - Smile Train - Cleft Palate Surgery.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 52
| 11 Dec 2011
| [[Kavi Pradeep]]
| [[File:Kavi Pradeep 2011 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 53
| 19 Dec 2011
| [[Annexation of Goa|Goa Liberation]] — Golden Jubilee
|
| 5.00
|
|-
| 54
| 19 Dec 2011
| President's Fleet Review, Mumbai
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 511671 - Submarine.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 55
| 19 Dec 2011
| President's Fleet Review, Mumbai
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 511672 - Sailing Ship.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 56
| 19 Dec 2011
| President's Fleet Review, Mumbai
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 511673 - Warship.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 57
| 19 Dec 2011
| President's Fleet Review, Mumbai
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 511674 - Fighter Jet.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 58
| 20 Dec 2011
| [[Archaeological Survey of India]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 978276 - Archaeological Survey of India 150 years Anniversary.jpeg|60px]]
| 20.00
|
|-
| 59
| 20 Dec 2011
| [[Archaeological Survey of India]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 978275 - Archaeological Survey of India 150 years Anniversary.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 60
| 23 Dec 2011
| [[King George's Medical University|KGMC/CSMMU, Lucknow]], Academic Centenary Year
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2011 - Colnect 978274 - KGMC Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University Lucknow.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 61
| 26 Dec 2011
| [[Srinivasa Ramanujan]]
| [[File:Srinivasa Ramanujan 2011 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 62
| 27 Dec 2011
| [[Madan Mohan Malaviya]]
| [[File:Madan Mohan Malaviya 2011 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|}

== 2012 ==
{| class = "wikitable" style = "text-align:justify" width = "98%"
|-
!#
! Issue date
! Description
! Image
! Denomination
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| 1
| 2 Jan 2012
| [[Puran Chandra Gupta]]
| [[File:Puran Chandra Gupta 2012 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 2
| 15 Jan 2012
| Bhai Jagta Ji
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392483 - Bhai Jagta Ji.jpeg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 3
| 24 Jan 2012
| Shyama Narayan Singh
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392484 - Shyam Narayan Singh.jpeg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 4
| 9 Feb 2012
| [[India International Centre]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392485 - India International Centre.jpeg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 5
| 24 Feb 2012
| [[Employees' State Insurance|Employees' State Insurance Cooperation]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392486 - Employees - State Insurance Corporation.jpeg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 6
| 1 Mar 2012
| [[Vasantdada Patil]]
| [[File:Vasantdada Patil 2012 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 7
| 9 Mar 2012
| [[Shyama Charan Shukla]]
| [[File:Shyama Charan Shukla 2012 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 8
| 14 Mar 2012
| [[Civil aviation in India|Civil Aviation]] Centenary
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392489 - Civil Aviation Centenary.jpeg|60px]]
| 20.00
|
|-
| 9
| 14 Mar 2012
| Civil Aviation Centenary
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392490 - Civil Aviation Centenary.jpeg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 10
| 14 Mar 2012
| Civil Aviation Centenary
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392491 - Civil Aviation Centenary.jpeg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 11
| 14 Mar 2012
| Civil Aviation Centenary
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392492 - Civil Aviation Centenary.jpeg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 12
| 12 Apr 2012
| [[Isabella Thoburn College]], [[Lucknow]]
| [[File:Isabella Thoburn College 2012 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 13
| 17 Apr 2012
| [[Godiji#Godiji Parshwanth Temple in Mumbai|Godiji Temple, Mumbai]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392494 - Godiji Temple Mumbai.jpeg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 14
| 18 Apr 2012
| [[R. Venkataraman]]
| [[File:Ramaswamy Venkataraman (2012 stamp of India).jpg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 15
| 16 May 2012
| [[Karpoor Chandra Kulish]]
| [[File:Karpoor Chandra Kulish 2012 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 16
| 17 May 2012
| M. B. Kadadi
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392497 - M B Kadadi.jpeg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 17
| 27 May 2012
| 800th Urs, [[Ajmer Sharif Dargah|Dargah Sharif, Ajmer]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392498 - Pilgrims at Dargah Sharif Shrine Ajmer.jpeg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 18
| 27 May 2012
| 800th Urs, [[Ajmer Sharif Dargah|Dargah Sharif, Ajmer]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392499 - Dargah Sharif Sufi Shrine Ajmer.jpeg|60px]]
| 20.00
|
|-
| 19
| 20 Jun 2012
| [[Warli Painting]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392500 - Warli Painting Maharashtra.jpeg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 20
| 20 Jun 2012
| Shekhawati Painting
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392501 - Shekhawati Painting.jpeg|60px]]
| 20.00
|
|-
| *
|
| '''[[2012 Summer Olympics|London 2012 Olympic Games]]'''
|
|
|-
| 21
| 25 Jul 2012
| [[Badminton]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392504 - Games of the XXX Olympiad London Badminton.jpeg|60px]]
| 20.00
|
|-
| 22
| 25 Jul 2012
| [[Rowing]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392502 - Games of the XXX Olympiad London Rowing.jpeg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 23
| 25 Jul 2012
| [[Sailing]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392503 - Games of the XXX Olympiad London Sailing.jpeg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 24
| 25 Jul 2012
| [[Volleyball]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392505 - Games of the XXX Olympiad London Volleyball.jpeg|60px]]
| 20.00
|
|-
| 25
| 26 Jul 2012
| 50 Years of Custom Act, 1962
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392506 - 50 years of Customs Act 1962.jpeg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 26
| 31 Jul 2012
| Durga Prasad Chaudhary
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392507 - Durga Prasad Chaudhary.jpeg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 27
| 4 Aug 2012
| [[Armed Forces Medical College]], [[Pune]]
| [[File:Armed Forces Medical College Pune 2012 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 05.00
| <ref>{{cite news |last1=Kothari |first1=Vishwas |title=Chief of Air Staff Air Chief Marshal N A K Browne released a commemorative postage stamp and first day cover to mark the golden jubilee day of the Armed Forces Medical College(AFMC) in Pune on saturday. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/chief-of-air-staff-air-chief-marshal-n-a-k-browne-released-a-commemorative-postage-stamp-and-first-daycoverto-mark-the-golden-jubilee-day-of-the-armed-forces-medical-college-afmc-in-pune-on-saturday-/articleshow/15350346.cms |access-date=7 March 2026 |agency=The Times of India |date=4 Aug 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 28
| 29 Aug 2012
| [[Hussain Ahmed Madani|Husain Ahamd Madani]]
| [[File:Husain Ahmad Madani 2012 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 29
| 25 Sep 2012
| [[Motilal Nehru]]
| [[File:Motilal Nehru 2012 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 30
| 1 Oct 2012
| [[Indo—Tibetan Border Police]] Force
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392511 - Indo-Tibetan Border Police Force.jpg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 31
| 8 Oct 2012
| [[Airborne early warning and control|Airborne Warning and Control System]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392512 - Airborne Warning and Control System.jpeg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 32
| 12 Oct 2012
| Philately Day
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 912428 - Philately Day.jpeg|60px]]
| 20.00
|
|-
| *
|
| '''Endemic Species of Indian Biodiversity Hotspots'''
|
|
|-
| 33
| 16 Oct 2012
| [[Malabar gliding frog|Venated Gliding Frog]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392516 - Malabar Gliding Frog Rhacophorus malabaricus.jpeg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 34
| 16 Oct 2012
| [[Hoolock gibbon|Hoolock Gibbon]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392514 - Hoolock Gibbon Hoolock hoolock.jpeg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 35
| 16 Oct 2012
| [[Nicobar Megapode]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392515 - Nicobar Megapode Megapodius nicobariensis.jpeg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 36
| 16 Oct 2012
| [[Bugun Liocichla]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392517 - Bugun Liocichla Liocichla bugunorum.jpeg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| *
|
| '''India — Israel Joint Issue'''
|
|
| <ref>{{cite news |title=India and Israel release stamps to mark 20 years of ties |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/india-and-israel-release-stamps-to-mark-20-years-of-ties/articleshow/17116505.cms |access-date=2 October 2025 |agency=The Economic Times |issue=6 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=India Post Issues to Mark 20 Years of India Israel Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?relid=89000 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=4 October 2025}}</ref>
|-
| 37
| 5 Nov 2012
| Festival of Lights — [[Hanukkah]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392519 - India Israel - Joint Issue Festival of lights - Hanukkah.jpeg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 38
| 5 Nov 2012
| Festival of Lights — [[Deepavali]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392518 - India Israel - Joint Issue Festival of lights - Deepavali.jpeg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 39
| 11 Nov 2012
| [[T. S. Narayanasami]]
| [[File:TS Narayanaswami 2012 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 40
| 14 Nov 2012
| Children's Day
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392521 - Children s Day.jpeg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 41
| 16 Nov 2012
| [[14th Horse (Scinde Horse)|The Scinde Horse]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392522 - The Scinde Horse.jpeg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 42
| 20 Nov 2012
| Ramgopal Maheshvari
| [[File:Ramgopal Maheshwari 2012 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 43
| 29 Nov 2012
| Consumer Protection Act, 1986
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392524 - Consumer Protection Act 1986.jpeg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 44
| 21 Dec 2012
| Sri Shivarathri Shivayogi
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392525 - Sri Shivarathri Shivayogi.jpeg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 45
| 22 Dec 2012
| [[National Mathematics Day (India)|National Mathematics Day]]
| [[File:Srinivasa Ramanujan 2012 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| *
|
| '''Light Houses of India'''
|
|
|-
| 46
| 23 Dec 2012
| [[Mahabalipuram Lighthouse|Mahabalipuram (Mamallapuram) Lighthouse]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392527 - Mahabalipuram Mamallapuram Lighthouse.jpeg|60px]]
| 05.00
|
|-
| 47
| 23 Dec 2012
| [[Alappuzha Lighthouse|Alleppy (Allaphuzha) Lighthouse]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2012 - Colnect 392528 - Alleppey Alappuzha Lighthouse.jpeg|60px]]
| 20.00
|
|-
|}

== 2013 ==
{| class = "wikitable" style = "text-align:justify" width = "98%"
|-
! #
! Issue date
! Description
! Image
! Denomination
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| 1
| 03 Jan 2013
| 100 Years of [[Indian Science Congress]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 410517 - 100 years of Indian Science Congress Association.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 2
| 07 Jan 2013
| [[Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research]], [[Chandigarh]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 410518 - Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education - Research Cha.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 3
| 08 Jan 2013
| 125 Years of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislature]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 410520 - Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Mandal.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 4
| 11 January 2013
| [[Silk Letter Conspiracy|Silk Letter Movement]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 410521 - Silk Letter Movement.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | 150th Birth Anniversary of [[Swami Vivekananda]] (set of 4 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 5
| rowspan="4" | 12 January 2013
| 150th Birth Anniversary of [[Swami Vivekananda]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 410522 - Swami Vivekananda - Kanyakumari.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 150th Birth Anniversary of [[Swami Vivekananda]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 410523 - Swami Vivekananda - Chicago.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 150th Birth Anniversary of [[Swami Vivekananda]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 410524 - Swami Vivekananda - Belur Math.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 150th Birth Anniversary of [[Swami Vivekananda]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 410525 - Swami Vivekananda - Dakshineswar Kali Temple.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 6
| 13 January 2013
| [[C. Achutha Menon]] Birth Centenary
| [[File:C Achutha Menon 2013 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 7
| 14 January 2013
| [[Aditya Vikram Birla]]
| [[File:Aditya Vikram Birla 2013 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 8
| 22 January 2013
| [[Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health|Shrine Basilica, Vailankanni]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 410527 - Shrine Basilica Vailankanni.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 9
| 2 March 2013
| 200 years of [[Kumaon Regiment|3 PARA (Special Forces)]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 410528 - 3rd Battalion Parachute Regiment.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 10
| 7 March 2013
| Golden Jubilee of [[Officers Training Academy]], Chennai
| [[File:Officers Training Academy 2013 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 11
| 8 March 2013
| [[Sahir Ludhianvi]]
| [[File:Sahir Ludhianvi Stamp.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 12
| 16 March 2013
| 125 years of [[Malayala Manorama]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 410531 - 125 th Anniversary of Malayala Manorma.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 13
| 17 March 2013
| [[Jhulelal (Hinduism)|Jhulelal]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 410532 - Jhulelal Sahib.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 14
| 22 March 2013
| [[Shivaram Rajguru|Shiv Ram Hari Rajguru]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 410533 - Shiv Ram Hari Rajguru.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | Architectural Heritage of India (Set of 2 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 15
| rowspan="2" | 11 April 2013
| [[Srikurmam#SriKurmam Temple|SriKurmam Temple, Srikakulam]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 410534 - Architectural Heritage - Srikurmam Temple.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Arasavalli]] Temple, [[Srikakulam]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 410535 - Architectural Heritage - Arsavalli Temple.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | Heritage Post Office Buildings of India (Set of 2 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 16
| rowspan="2" | 12 April 2013
| [[General Post Office (Mumbai)|Mumbai G.P.O.]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 410537 - Heritage Buildings - Mumbai GPO.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| Agra H.P.O.
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 410538 - Heritage Buildings - Agra HPO.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 17
| 14 April 2013
| [[Chaitya Bhoomi]]
| [[File:Ambedkar 2013 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 18
| 30 April 2013
| [[Hari Singh Nalwa]]
| [[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2013_-_Colnect_410541_-_Hari_Singh_Nalwa.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| *
| colspan="3" |100 Years of [[Cinema of India|Indian Cinema]] (Set of 50 Stamps in 6 Sheetlets)
|
|-
| rowspan="10" |19
| rowspan="10" |3 May 2013
| Sheetlet 1/6
|
|
|
|-
| [[Ashok Kumar]]
| [[File:Ashok_Kumar_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Birendranath Sircar]]
| [[File:Birendranath_Sircar_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[B. R. Chopra]]
| [[File:Baldev_Raj_Chopra_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Bhalji Pendharkar]]
| [[File:Bhalji_Pendharkar_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Bhupen Hazarika]]
| [[File:Bhupen_Hazarika_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Dev Anand]]
| [[File:Dev_Anand_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Dhirendra Nath Ganguly]]
| [[File:Dhirendra_Nath_Ganguly_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Durga Khote]]
| [[File: Durga_Khote_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Hrishikesh Mukherjee]]
| [[File: Hrishikesh_Mukherjee_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| rowspan="10" |20
| rowspan="10" |3 May 2013
| Sheetlet 2/6
|
|
|
|-
| [[Majrooh Sultanpuri]]
| [[File:Majrooh_Sultanpuri_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Naushad]]
| [[File:Naushad_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Nitin Bose]]
| [[File:Nitin_Bose_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Prithviraj Kapoor]]
| [[File:Prithviraj_Kapoor_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Raichand Boral]]
| [[File:Raichand_Boral_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Ruby Myers]]
| [[File:Ruby_Myers_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Sohrab Modi]]
| [[File:Sohrab_Modi_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Tapan Sinha]]
| [[File:Tapan_Sinha_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Yash Chopra]]
| [[File:Yash_Chopra_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| rowspan="9" |21
| rowspan="9" |3 May 2013
| Sheetlet 3/6
|
|
|
|-
| [[Allu Ramalingaiah]]
| [[File:Allu_Ramalingaiah_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Ashok Mehta]]
| [[File:Ashok Mehta_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Balraj Sahni]]
| [[File: Balraj Sahni_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[P. Bhanumathi]]
| [[File:Bhanumathi Ramakrishna_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[C. V. Sridhar]]
| [[File: CV Sridhar_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Chetan Anand (director)|Chetan Anand]]
| [[File:Chetan Anand_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Kamal Amrohi]]
| [[File: Kamal Amrohi_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Geeta Dutt]]
| [[File: Geeta Dutt_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| rowspan="9" |22
| rowspan="9" |3 May 2013
| Sheetlet 4/6
|
|
|
|-
| [[Kannadasan]]
| [[File:Kannadasan_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Madan Mohan (composer)|Madan Mohan]]
| [[File:Composer Madan_Mohan_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Mehmood (actor)|Mehmood]]
| [[File: Actor_ Mehmood_Ali_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Motilal (actor)|Motilal]]
| [[File:Motilal_Rajvansh_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Nagesh]]
| [[File: Nagesh_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[O. P. Nayyar]]
| [[File:OP Nayyar_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Prem Nazir]]
| [[File: Prem_Nazir_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[R. D. Burman]]
| [[File:RD Burman_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| rowspan="9" |23
| rowspan="9" |3 May 2013
| Sheetlet 5/6
|
|
|
|-
| [[Raj Khosla]]
| [[File: Raj Khosla_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Rajendra Kumar]]
| [[File: Rajendra Kumar_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Rajesh Khanna]]
| [[File: Rajesh Khanna_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[S. V. Ranga Rao]]
| [[File:SV Ranga Rao_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Salil Chowdhury]]
| [[File:Salil Chowdhury_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Sanjeev Kumar]]
| [[File:Sanjeev Kumar_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Shailendra (lyricist)|Shailendra]]
| [[File: Shailendra_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Shakeel Badayuni]]
| [[File:Shakeel Badayuni_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| rowspan="9" |24
| rowspan="9" |3 May 2013
| Sheetlet 6/6
|
|
|
|-
| [[Shammi Kapoor]]
| [[File: Shammi Kapoor_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Shankar–Jaikishan]]
| [[File: Shankar Jaikishan_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Smita Patil]]
| [[File: Smita Patil_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Suraiya]]
| [[File:Suraiya_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Tarachand Barjatya]]
| [[File: Tarachand Barjatya_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[T. R. Sundaram]]
| [[File:TR Sundaram_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Utpal Dutt]]
| [[File: Utpal Dutt_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Dr. Vishnuvardhan]]
| [[File: Vishnuvardhan_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | Endangered wild Ass (Set of 2 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 25
| rowspan="2" | 11 May 2013
| [[Equus kiang kiang|kiang, Ladakh]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 410542 - Kiang Equus hemionus kiang.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Indian wild ass|ghor khar, Kutch]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 410543 - Baluchi Wild Ass Equus hemionus khur.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 27
| 24 May 2013
| [[Securities and Exchange Board of India]]
| [[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2013_-_Colnect_410545_-_Securities_and_Exchange_Board_of_India.jpeg|70px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 28
| 25 June 2013
| [[Mahjoor|Peerzada Ghulam Ahmad Mehjoor]]
| [[File:Mahjoor_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 29
| 3 July 2013
| [[Delhi Gymkhana]] Club
| [[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2013_-_Colnect_410547_-_Delhi_Gymkhana_Club.jpeg|70px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 30
| 7 August 2013
| [[Kerala Legislature|Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
| [[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2013_-_Colnect_419198_-_Kerala_Legistative_Assembly.jpeg|70px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 31
| 21 August 2013
| [[Raj Bahadur]]
| [[File:Raj_Bahadur_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | Wild flowers (set of 12 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="12" | 32
| rowspan="12" | 3 September 2013
| [[Dibang chirita]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 476590 - Dibang Chirita.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Kashmir mallow]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 476591 - Kashmir Mallow.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Himalayan mini sunflower]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 476592 - Himalayan Mini Sunflower.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Himalayan lantern]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 476593 - Himalayan Lantern.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Roundleaf asiabell]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 476594 - Roundleaf Asiabell.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Blue poppy]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 476595 - Blue Poppy.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Globe thistle]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 476596 - Globe Thistle.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Himalayan iris]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 476597 - Himalayan Iris.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Himalayan bellflower]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 476598 - Himalayan Bellflower.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Arisaema|Cobra lily]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 476599 - Cobra Lily.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Rhododendron]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 476601 - Rhododendron.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| [[Bladder campion]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 476600 - Bladder Campion.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 33
| 9 September 2013
| [[Lala Jagat Narain]]
| [[File:Jagat_Narain_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 34
| 10 September 2013
| [[Acharya Gyansagar]]
| [[File:Gyansagar_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 35
| 21 September 2013
| [[Gurajada Apparao]]
| [[File:Gurajada_Apparao_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 36
| 24 September 2013
| [[Pratap Narayan Mishra]]
| [[File:Pratap_Narayan_Mishra_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 37
| 30 September 2013
| Joomdev
| [[File:Joomdev.jpg|70px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 38
| 12 October 2013
| Philately Day 2013
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 477786 - Philately Day.jpeg|60px]]
| 20.00
|
|-
| 39
| 22 October 2013
| [[Bhakra Dam]]
| [[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2013_-_Colnect_477788_-_Bhakra_Dam.jpeg|70px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 40
| 24 October 2013
| [[Ruchi Ram Sahni]]
| [[File:Ruchi_Ram_Sahni_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 41
| 5 November 2013
| [[Boys' High School & College (Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh)]]
|
| 5.00
|
|-
| 42
| 7 November 2013
| [[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan]]
|
| 5.00
|
|-
| 43
| 8 November 2013
| [[Indian Academy of Pediatrics]]
| [[File:Indian_Academy_of_Pediatrics_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 44 |
| 11 November 2013
| [[Central Bureau of Investigation]]
| [[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2013_-_Colnect_477793_-_Central_Bureau_of_Investigation.jpeg|70px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 45
| 13 November 2013
| [[The Times of India]]
| [[File:The_Times_of_India_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 46
| 14 November 2013
| [[Children's Day]] 2013
|
| 5.00
|
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | 200th Test match [[Sachin Tendulkar]] (Set of 2 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 47
| rowspan="2" | 14 November 2013
| [[Sachin Tendulkar]] 200th Test match
| [[File:Sachin_Tendulkar_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 20.00
|
|-
| [[Sachin Tendulkar]] 200th Test match
| [[File:Sachin_Tendulkar_2013_stamp_of_India_2.jpg|60px]]
| 20.00
|
|-
| 48
| 23 November 2013
| [[Sathya Sai Baba]]
| [[File:Sathya_Sai_Baba_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 49
| 23 November 2013
| [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]]
| [[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2013_-_Colnect_477802_-_Intelligence_Bureau.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00
|
|-
| 50
| 29 November 2013
| [[Sashastra Seema Bal]]
|
| 5.00
|
|-
|}

== 2014 ==
{| class = "wikitable" style = "text-align:justify" width = "98%"
|-
!#
!Issue date
!Description
!Image
!Denomination
|-
|1
|14 January 2014
|[[Food Corporation of India]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 477209 - Food Corporation of India.jpeg|60px]]
|5.00
|-
|2
|30 January 2014
|[[International Year of Crystallography]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 477210 - International Year of Crystallography.jpeg|60px]]
|20.00
|-
| *
| 2 February 2014
| '''[[Indian Museum, Kolkata]] (set of 3 Stamps)'''
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 477215 - Indian Museum Kolkata.jpeg|60px]]
|
|-
|3
|
|[[Indian Museum, Kolkata]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 477212 - Indian Museum Kolkata.jpeg|60px]]
|20.00
|-
|4
|
|[[Indian Museum, Kolkata]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 477211 - Indian Museum Kolkata.jpeg|60px]]
|5.00
|-
|5
|
|[[Indian Museum, Kolkata]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 477213 - Indian Museum Kolkata.jpeg|60px]]
|20.00
|-
| *
| 8 February 2014
| '''[[Jagjit singh]] (set of 2 Stamps)'''
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 477218 - Jagjit Singh.jpeg|60px]]
|
|-
|6
|
|[[Jagjit singh]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 477217 - Jagjit Singh.jpeg|60px]]
|20.00
|-
|7
|
|[[Jagjit singh]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 477216 - Jagjit Singh.jpeg|60px]]
|5.00
|-
|8
|11 February 2014
|[[Central Vigilance Commission]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 477219 - Central Vigilance Commission.jpeg|60px]]
|5.00
|-
|9
|25 February 2014
|[[Hasrat Mohani]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 477220 - Hasrat Mohani.jpeg|60px]]
|5.00
|-
|10
|25 April 2014
|[[National Council of Churches in India]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 477221 - National Council of Churches in India.jpeg|60px]]
|5.00
|-
|11
|30 April 2014
|[[Chattampi Swamikal]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 477223 - Chattampi Swamikal.jpeg|60px]]
|5.00
|-
|12
|30 April 2014
|[[Govind Ballabh Pant]] Hospital, Delhi<ref>{{cite web |title=President releases commemorative stamp on G.B. Pant Hospital |url=https://autch.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/autch/circulars-orders/goldenjubilee.pdf |website=autch.delhi.gov.in |access-date=27 September 2025 |archive-date=8 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240608064420/https://autch.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/autch/circulars-orders/goldenjubilee.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 477222 - G B Pant Hospital.jpeg|60px]]
|5.00
|-
|13
|14 May 2014
|[[Drukpa Lineage|Drukpa Lineage of Buddhism]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 477224 - Drukpa Lineage of Buddhism.jpeg|60px]]
|5.00
|-
| *
| 12 June 2014
| '''[[2014 FIFA World Cup]] (set of 4 Stamps)'''
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 480541 - FIFA World Cup 2014.jpeg|60px]]
|
|-
|14
|
|[[2014 FIFA World Cup]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 480537 - FIFA World Cup 2014.jpeg|60px]]
|25.00
|-
|15
|
|[[2014 FIFA World Cup]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 480538 - FIFA World Cup 2014.jpeg|60px]]
|5.00
|-
|16
|
|[[2014 FIFA World Cup]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 480539 - FIFA World Cup 2014.jpeg|60px]]
|5.00
|-
|17
|
|[[2014 FIFA World Cup]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 480540 - FIFA World Cup 2014.jpeg|60px]]
|25.00
|-
|18
|20 August 2014
|[[Mall Road, Shimla|Gaiety Theatre]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 496006 - Gaiety Theatre Complex Shimla India.jpeg|60px]]
|5.00
|-
|19
|25 October
|[[Anagarika Dharmapala]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 502936 - Anagarika Dharmapala.jpeg|60px]]
|5.00
|-
| *
| 3 September 2014
| '''Indian Musician (set of 8 Stamps)'''
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 496153 - Indian Musicians.jpeg|60px]]
|
|-
|20
|
|[[Ali Akbar Khan]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 496015 - Indian Musicians - Ali Akbar Khan.jpeg|60px]]
|5.00
|-
|21
|
|[[Bhimsen Joshi]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 496009 - Indian Musicians - Bhimsen Joshi.jpeg|60px]]
|25.00
|-
|22
|
|[[D. K. Pattammal]]
|[[File:DK Pattammal 2014 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
|5.00
|-
|23
|
|[[Gangubai Hangal]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 496011 - Indian Musicians - Gangubai Hangal.jpeg|60px]]
|5.00
|-
|24
|
|[[Kumar Gandharva]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 496012 - Indian Musicians - Kumar Gandharva.jpeg|60px]]
|5.00
|-
|25
|
|[[Mallikarjun Mansur]]
|[[File:Mallikarjun Mansur 2014 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
|5.00
|-
|26
|
|[[Ravi Shankar]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 496016 - Indian Musicians - Ravi Shankar(cropped).jpg|60px]]
|5.00
|-
|27
|
|[[Vilayat Khan]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 496013 - Indian Musicians - Vilayat Khan.jpeg|60px]]
|5.00
|-
|28
|4 November 2014
|[[Liver Transplantation]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 504663 - Liver Transplantation in India.jpeg|60px]]
|5.00
|-
|29
|12 November 2014
|[[UTI Asset Management|Unit Trust of India]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 505730 - Unit Trust of India UTI.jpeg|60px]]
|5.00
|-
| *
| 28 November 2014
| '''India Slovenia Joint Issue (set of 2 Stamps)'''
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 508488 - India - Slovenia Joint Issue.jpeg|60px]]
|
|-
|30
|
|India Slovenia Joint Issue
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 508485 - India - Slovenia Joint Issue.jpeg|60px]]
|25.00
|-
|31
|
|India Slovenia Joint Issue
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 508486 - India - Slovenia Joint Issue.jpeg|60px]]
|5.00
|-
|32
|29 November 2014
|[[Sagol Kangjei]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 510569 - Sagol Kangjei.jpeg|60px]]
|5.00
|-
|33
|4 December 2014
|[[Swami Ekrasanand Saraswati]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 510570 - Swami Ekrasanand Saraswati.jpeg|60px]]
|5.00
|-
|34
|15 December 2014
|[[Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 608274 - Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan.jpeg|60px]]
|5.00
|-
|35
|24 December 2014
|[[Kuka Movement]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 608273 - Kuka Movement.jpeg|60px]]
|5.00
|-
|36
|30 December 2014
|[[Baba Amte]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 608272 - Baba Amte.jpeg|60px]]
|5.00
|-
|}

== 2015 ==
{| class = "wikitable" style = "text-align:justify" width = "98%"
|-
!#
!Issue date
!Description
!Image
!Denomination
|-
| 1
| 8 January 2015
| 100 Years of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]’s Return
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 567018 - 100 Years of Mahatma Gandhi s Return.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 2
| 8 January 2015
| 100 Years of Mahatma Gandhi’s Return
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 567019 - 100 Years of Mahatma Gandhi s Return.jpeg|60px]]
| 25.00 Rs
|-
| 3
| 22 January 2015
| Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 539725 - Beti Bachao Beti Padhao.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 4
| 30 January 2015
| SWACHH BHARAT
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 567021 - Swach Bharat.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 5
| 30 January 2015
| SWACHH BHARAT
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 567022 - Swach Bharat.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 6
| 30 January 2015
| SWACHH BHARAT
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 567023 - Swach Bharat.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 7
| 14 February 2015
| Project Rukmani
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 567025 - Project Rukmani.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 8
| 20 March 2015
| Indian Ocean and Rajendra Chola 1
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 533866 - Indian Ocean and Rajendra Chola 1.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 9
| 27 March 2015
| Engineers India Limited
| [[File:Engineers India 2016 stamp.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 10
| 10 April 2015
| India - France : 50 years of space cooperation
| [[File:India-France 50 years of space co-operation.jpg|60px]]
| 25.00 Rs
|-
| 11
| 10 April 2015
| India - France : 50 years of space cooperation
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 567028 - India France 50 Years of Space Co Operation Rs5.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 12
| 18 April 2015
| Patna High Court
| [[File:Patna High Court 2015 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 13
| 21 April 2015
| Old Seminary kottayam
| [[File:Orthodox Theological Seminary, Kottayam 2015 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 14
| 21 June 2015
| International Yoga Day
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 567032 - International Day of Yoga stamp.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 15
| 17 July 2015
| Nabakalebara
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 567033 - Nabakalebara 2015.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 16
| 24 August 2015
| [[Samrat Ashoka]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 567034 - Samrat Ashok.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 17
| 2 September 2015
| Women Empowerment
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 567035 - Woman Empowerment stamp 1.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 18
| 2 September 2015
| Women Empowerment
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 567036 - Woman Empowerment stamp 2.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 19
| 2 September 2015
| Women Empowerment
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 567037 - Woman Empowerment stamp 3.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 20
| 2 September 2015
| Women Empowerment
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 567038 - Woman Empowerment stamp 4.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 21
| 10 September 2015
| 10th World Hindi Conference
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 567040 - 10th World Hindi Conference.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs

|-
| 22
| 15 September 2015
| Valour & Sacrifice - 1965 War
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 567041 - Armed Forces.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 23
| 15 September 2015
| Valour & Sacrifice - 1965 War
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 567042 - Air Force.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 24
| 15 September 2015
| Valour & Sacrifice - 1965 War
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 567043 - Navy.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 25
| 30 September 2015
| [[Dr. B. R. Ambedkar]] and [[Constitution of India]]
| [[File:Dr. Ambedkar and the constitution 2015 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 26
| 1 October 2015
| Mahant Avaidynath
| [[File:Mahant Avaidyanath 2015 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 27
| 15 October 2015
| [[Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam]]
| [[File:Abdul Kalam 2015 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 28
| 15 October 2015
| Bardoli Charka
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 595986 - Bardoli charkha.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 29
| 15 October 2015
| Peti Charkha
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 595987 - Peti charkha.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 30
| 21 October 2015
| Border Security Force
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 595988 - Camel Riders with Border Fence.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| *
|
| '''3rd India Africa Forum Summit''' (Set of 6)
|
|-
| 31
| 29 October 2015
| Black Buck
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 595991 - Blackbuck Antilope cervicapra.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 32
| 29 October 2015
| Indian Lion
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 595993 - Indian Lion Panthera leo persica.jpeg|60px]]
| 25.00 Rs
|-
| 33
| 29 October 2015
| African Lion
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 595994 - African Lion Panthera leo.jpeg|60px]]
| 25.00 Rs
|-
| 34
| 29 October 2015
| Indian Rhinoceros
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 595989 - Indian Rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 35
| 29 October 2015
| African Rhinoceros
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 595990 - Black Rhinoceros Diceros bicornis.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 36
| 29 October 2015
| Thomson's Gazelle
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 595992 - Thomson s Gazelle Eudorcas thomsonii.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 37
| 2 November 2015
| 1st Gorkha Rifles
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 595996 - First Gorkha Rifles.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 38
| 2 November 2015
| 3rd Gorkha Rifles
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 595997 - Third Gorkha Rifles.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 39
| 14 November 2015
| [[Children's Day]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 595998 - Children s Day.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 40
| 14 November 2015
| [[Children's Day]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 595999 - Children s Day.jpeg|60px]]
| 25.00 Rs
|-
| 41
| 16 November 2015
| [[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited]] (BHEL)
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 596001 - Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| *
|
| '''India-Singapore: Joint Issue'''
|
|-
| 42
| 24 November 2015
| [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 637814 - Rashtrapathi Bhavan.jpeg|60px]]
| 25.00 Rs
|-
| 43
| 24 November 2015
| [[The Istana|Istana]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 637813 - Istana.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 44
| 24 November 2015
| [[Engineering Exports Promotion Council|EEPC India]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 637811 - EEPC.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 45
| 3 December 2015
| [[Zoological Survey of India]] (ZSI)
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 637816 - Zoological Survey Of India - 5 RS.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 46
| 3 December 2015
| [[Zoological Survey of India]] (ZSI)
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 637817 - Zoological Survey Of India - 25 Rs.jpeg|60px]]
| 25.00 Rs
|-
| 47
| 23 December 2015
| [[Sumitranandan Pant]]
| [[File:Sumitranandan Pant 2015 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 48
| 26 December 2015
| [[Maveeran Alagumuthu Kone|Alagumuthu Kone]]<ref name=thehindu>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tributes-paid-to-alagumuthu-kone/article7412824.ece|title=Tributes paid to Alagumuthu Kone|date=12 July 2015|work=The Hindu|access-date=11 April 2020|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=30 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130200430/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tributes-paid-to-alagumuthu-kone/article7412824.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/tn-will-get-whatever-help-it-needs/article8033091.ece|title=Union Minister releases stamp to commemorate freedom fighter Veeran Alagumuthu Kone {{!}} Madurai News – The Hindu|date=27 December 2015|website=[[The Hindu]]|language=en|access-date=4 December 2020|archive-date=1 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301062445/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/tn-will-get-whatever-help-it-needs/article8033091.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 637810 - Alagumuthu kone.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
| 49
| 30 December 2015
| [[Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses|Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses]]
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 637812 - Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses.jpeg|60px]]
| 5.00 Rs
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite book |last=Jain |first=Manik|title=Phila India Stamp Guide Book (1800-2017) |pages=229–254 |edition=19th |year=2017 |publisher=Philatelia |location=Kolkata}}

==External links==
* [http://indianpostagestamps.com Indian Postage Stamps]
* [http://www.stampsoftheworld.co.uk/wiki/Category:India Stamps of the World Wiki Catalog]
* [http://www.indianphilately.net Welcome to the World of Indian Philately]

{{DEFAULTSORT:List of postage stamps of India (2011-2015)}}
[[Category:Postage stamps of India]]
[[Category:Lists of postage stamps|India]]

Aravinth Seiju

2026-05-07T09:15:04Z

Doonedu: Creating New Details More To Come.

{{Short description|Indian film actor}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{BLP no footnotes|date=February 2026}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2026}}
}}
{{Infobox actor
| name = Aravinth Seiju
| other_names = Seiju, Kalai, Chozhan
| birth_name = Aravinth Selvaraj
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1 January 1995}}
| birth_place = Vadugapalayam, [[Pollachi]], Tamil Nadu, India
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|Television presenter}}
| years_active = 2017-present
| known_for = {{hlist|''Blacksheep''|''[[Kana Kaanum Kaalangal (2022 TV series)|Kana Kaanum Kaalangal]]''|''[[Ayyanar Thunai]]''}}
| spouse = Sangeetha Sai
}}
'''Aravinth Seiju''' (born 1 January 1995) is an actor, director and television presenter, who appears in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] language films and TV series, in particular in the role of Kalai in ''[[Kana Kaanum Kaalangal (2022 TV series)|Kana Kaanum Kaalangal]]''<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-12 |title=Bharath Kumar and Praveena starrer 'Kana Kanum Kalangal 2 ' set for its OTT premiere |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/bharath-kumar-and-praveena-starrer-kana-kanum-kalangal-2-set-for-its-ott-premiere/articleshow/99426693.cms |access-date=2025-08-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and as Chozhan in ''[[Ayyanar Thunai]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-07-26 |title=Madhumitha and Aravind Seiju starrer 'Ayyanar Thunai' completes 150 episodes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/madhumitha-and-aravind-seiju-starrer-ayyanar-thunai-completes-150-episodes/articleshow/122920084.cms |access-date=2025-08-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Early life and family ==
Seiju was born on 1 January 1995 in Vadugapalayam, [[Pollachi]], Coimbatore district. His father, Selvaraj, was a businessman, and his mother, Sumathi Selvaraj, was a homemaker. He has an elder brother named Arun. He completed schooling at Bharatiya Vidya Mandir, Pollachi. He earned a [[Bachelor of Engineering|Bachelor's degree]] in [[computer science]] engineering from Sri Krishna College of Technology, Pollachi. He married actress Sangeetha Sai on 2 February 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-02 |title='இதிகாசம் இதுதானா இவளோடு நடந்தேனா...' - தொகுப்பாளர் சங்கீதாவைத் திருமணம் செய்த அரவிந்த் செய்ஜு |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/television/aravind-seiju-sangeetha-got-married |access-date=2025-08-27 |work=Vikatan |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Career ==
Seiju took part in various cultural events and performed mimicry and hosted multiple events as emcee during his college years. After completing his studies, he moved to Chennai to pursue his career in cinema and television. During his initial days in Chennai, he struggled a lot along with his best friend Vishnu while pursuing their career in cinema by attending auditions in various channels and was rejected then. Then they joined the Blacksheep youtube channel, owned by [[RJ Vigneshkanth]], and started their journey in media. He started his career as Video Jockey along with his friend Vishnu in TV Potti Show, a satire show based on the tamil television serials and shows, that streamed on the Blacksheep Youtube Channel. Seiju learnt filmmaking and acting and undertook many roles in the channel, including being an artist, script writer, show producer, VJ and acted in short films, also called as random videos by the channel. Then he got minor roles in films such as [[Thuppakki Munai]], [[Jai Bhim (film)|Jai Bhim]] and [[Nenjamundu Nermaiyundu Odu Raja]], working as an assistant director during the initial shoot of the latter.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-11-09 |title=Jai Bhim: The Best of Indian Cinema of 21st Century |url=https://voices.shortpedia.com/arts-and-entertainment/film/jai-bhim-movie-review/ |access-date=2025-08-27 |work=Shortpedia Voices |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Seiju also performed in a stage play called Navayuga Rathakanneer along with Blacksheep team, which took place in various cities of Tamil Nadu and gained critical acclaim. He has also worked as a backend technician in major events and shows related to the film industry such as Ilayaraja 75, Audio launch function of the tamil movie [[Sarkar]] and various events that were organized by Blacksheep team. In 2021, he made his OTT debut with Aayiram Jannal Veedu, where he starred alongside veteran actor Senthil as his youngest grandson. He has shared screen with many veteran and legendary actors like [[Suriya]], [[Senthil]], [[Rajesh (Tamil actor)|Rajesh]], [[M. S. Bhaskar]] and [[Vela Ramamoorthy]]. He had a major breakthrough in OTT through [[Kana Kaanum Kaalangal (2022 TV series)|Kana Kaanum Kaalangal]] web series in 2022, where he played the role of Kalaiarasan, a juvenile convict who's struggling to live a peaceful life ahead of his past. He gained huge recognition for his performance and continued as the lead in both the seasons and made a cameo appearance in the third season, playing the female lead's guardian. Later in 2025, he made his television debut as an actor through the TV series [[Ayyanar Thunai]] as the male lead Chozhan.

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+List of shows and programs by Aravinth Seiju
!Name
!Year
!Channel
!Role
!Notes
|-
|Masala Cafe
|2018
|[[Sun Life (Indian TV Channel)|Sun Life]]
|rowspan="2" |Performer
|Television debut as a performer
|-
|Comedy Gangsters
|2020
|[[Zee Tamil]]
|Represented along with Blacksheep Team
|-
|[[Anda Ka Kasam]]
|rowspan=2|2022
|rowspan=16|[[Star Vijay]]
|Guest
|Promotion for Kanaa Kaanum Kaalangal
|-
|[[Kana Kaanum Kaalangal (2022 TV series)|Kana Kaanum Kaalangal]]
|Kalaiarasan (a) Kalai
|Web series telecast on television
|-
|[[Pandian Stores 2]]
|rowspan=11|2025
|rowspan="3" |Chozhan
|rowspan="2" |Cameo appearance
|-
|[[Siragadikka Aasai (TV series)|Siragadikka Aasai]]
|-
|[[Ayyanar Thunai]]
|Television debut as an actor
|-
|[[Oo Solriya Oo Oohm Solriya]]
|rowspan="10" |Guest
|Came with his wife
|-
|[[Super Singer Junior Season 10]]
|Promotion for Ayyanar Thunai
|-
|Sound Party<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-06-25 |title=New reality show 'Sound Party' set to premiere on 29 June |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/new-reality-show-sound-party-set-to-premiere-on-29-june/articleshow/122065670.cms |access-date=2025-08-27 |work=Times Entertainment |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|Came with Ayyanar Thunai team
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Adhu Idhu Yedhu]]
|Came with his wife
|-
|Came with Ayyanar Thunai team
|-
|Dum Dum Dum Kalyana Galatta
|Came with his wife(Vijayadasami Special)
|-
|Namma Veetu Deepawali
|Came with Ayyanar Thunai team(Deepawali Special)
|-
|Start Music
|Came with his wife
|-
|Anda Ka Kasam
|rowspan=3|2026
|Came with Ayyanar Thunai team
|-
|Happy Wife Happy Life
|Came with his wife
|-
|''[[Cooku with Comali season 7]]''
|Contestant
|Contesting along with his wife
|-
|}

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Movies
!Year
!Name
!Role
!Notes
|-
|2018
|[[Thuppakki Munai|''Thuppakki Munai'']]
|Sachin's friend
|Debut Film
|-
|2019
|[[Nenjamundu Nermaiyundu Odu Raja|''Nenjamundu Nermaiyundu Odu Raja'']]
|Subscriber
|Cameo Appearance
Also assistant director during initial shoot
|-
|2021
|[[Jai Bhim (film)|''Jai Bhim'']]
|Madhan
|Supportive Role
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Web Series
!Year
!Name
!Role
!Platform
!Notes
|-
|2019
|''Aaha Kalyanam''
|Aravind (a) Ushaar
|rowspan="4" |Blacksheep Youtube Channel, BS Value
|rowspan="2" |Parallel Lead
|-
|2020
|''Aayiram Jannal Veedu''
|Gnanavel
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
|''Nenjam Marappadhillai''
|Aravind
|Supporting Role
|-
|''Naan Komali 1+1''
|Aravind Seiju (Farmer, Reporter, Doctor, Software Engineer, Advocate)
|Parallel Lead
|-
|2022
|[[Kana Kaanum Kaalangal (2022 TV series)|Kana Kaanum Kaalangal]]
|rowspan="3" |Kalaiarasan (a) Kalai
|rowspan="3" |[[JioHotstar]]
|Debut as a Lead
|-
|2023
|[[Kana Kaanum Kaalangal (2022 TV series)|Kana Kaanum Kaalangal Season 2]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024
|[[Kana Kaanum Kaalangal (2022 TV series)|Kana Kaanum Kaalangal Season 3]]
|Extended cameo appearance
|-
|Happy Married Life
|Aravind
|Blacksheep Youtube Channel, BS Value
|
|}

'''Short Films and other works'''

'''Blacksheep Youtube Channel'''

He had either aravind or shiva as the character name for most of his short films.
* Gaandu Moments in Office (Also Directorial Debut)
* 3 Idiots
* Weekend Plan
* Mudhal Kanave
* Day Before House Shifting
* Mannipaaya
* Love Marriage
* Mr. Kanjan's Diwali
* Better Half
* Life of Single Child
* Kanpesum Varthaigal
* Seemathurai
* Kadavul Paadhi Mirugam Paadhi
* Mr. உத்தமன்
* Day Before School Re-Open
* Niram Maarum Kadhal
* Safety Check
* Namakku Matum Yean Ipdi Nadakudhu
* Priyamana Thozhi
* TV Potti (roast show)
* Thiruda Thiruda (game show)
* Digital Diwali

'''Other Works'''

* Happy Birthday (short film) - Kichdy Youtube Channel
* Edhiril Aval Vandhadhaale (album song)
* Blacksheep Anthem (album song)

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Award
!Category
!Result
!Notes
|-
|2022
|''Naan Komali 1+1''
|Blacksheep Kudumba Virudhugal 2022 (Blacksheep Champions)
|People's Show of Blacksheep
|{{Won}}
|Team Award
|-
|rowspan=5|2025
|rowspan=5|[[Ayyanar Thunai|''Ayyanar Thunai'']]
|Behindwoods Gold Icons
|The most celebrated on screen pair (with [[Madhumitha Hirannaiah]])
|{{Won}}
|
|-
|rowspan=3|[[Vijay Television Awards|10th annual Vijay Television Awards]]
|Find of the year - Male
|{{Won}}
|First individual award
|-
|Best hero
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|Favourite Pair (with [[Madhumitha Hirannaiah]])
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|JFW Favourites of Tamil Nadu 2025
|Favourite onscreen pair-Television (with [[Madhumitha Hirannaiah]])
|{{Won}}
|
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb name|12031535}}
* {{facebook|aravinth.vimalvijay}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian actors]]
[[Category:Tamil actors]]
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Cooku with Comali contestants]]

Charlapalli–Anakapalle Express

2026-05-06T08:28:12Z

Doonedu: Starting the post and citations

{{orphan|date=April 2026}}
{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Charlapalli - Anakapalle Express
| logo = Ministry of Railways India.svg
| image =
| caption =
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| status = Active
| locale = [[Telangana]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| first = {{start date and age|2026|5|9|df=yes}}
| operator = [[South Central Railway zone|South Central Railway (SCR)]]
| ridership =
| start = {{rws|Charlapalli}} '''(CHZ)'''
| end = {{rws|Anakapalle}} '''(AKP)'''
| stops = 16
| distance = {{convert|651|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 13h 20m
| frequency = Weekly
| trainnumber = 17045 / 17046
| line_used =
| class = General Unreserved, Sleeper Class, AC 3rd Class, AC 2nd Class
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| catering = Pantry Car
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = No
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[ICF coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm}}
| el = [[25 kV 50 Hz AC]] Overhead line
| speed = {{convert|130|km/h|0|abbr=on}} maximum, {{convert|49|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.
| owners = [[Indian Railways]]
| map =
}}

The 17045 / 17046 '''Charlapalli–Anakapalle Express''' is an [[Express trains in India|express]] train belonging to [[South Central Railway zone]] that runs between the city [[Charlapalli railway station|Charlapalli]] of [[Telangana]] and [[Anakapalle railway station|Anakapalle]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=South Central Railway adds 3 more special trains: Check routes, timings and travel dates {{!}} Mathrubhumi English |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/amp/news/india/south-central-railway-adds-3-more-special-trains-sankranti-rush-hyderabad-anakapalle-kiz1i09x |access-date=2026-04-24 |website=[[mathrubhumi]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=[[South Central Railway]] |title=New Weekly Connectivity Alert! South Central Railway introduces the Charlapalli – Anakapalle – Charlapalli Weekly Express (Train Nos. 17045/17046) |url=https://www.facebook.com/SouthCentralRailwayIndia/posts/pfbid0Z69uBvjWpYyX7mD8A9zVfG9q5s9x9D5R7X5vX8X |website=[[Facebook]] |date=2026-04-24 |access-date=2026-04-24}}</ref>

It operates as train number 17045 from [[Charlapalli railway station|Charlapalli]] to [[Anakapalle railway station|Anakapalle]] and as train number 17046 in the reverse direction, serving the states of [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]].<ref>{{cite web |last=[[South Central Railway]] |title=New Weekly Connectivity Alert! South Central Railway introduces the Charlapalli – Anakapalle – Charlapalli Weekly Express (Train Nos. 17045/17046) |url=https://x.com/SCRailwayIndia/status/1882379308434759680 |website=[[X (social network)|X]] |date=2026-04-24 |access-date=2026-04-24}}</ref>

== Services ==
• 17045/ Charlapalli–Anakapalle Express has an average speed of 49 km/h and covers 651 km in 13h 20m.

• 17046/ Anakapalle–Charlapalli Express has an average speed of 47 km/h and covers 651 km in 13h 45m.

== Route and halts ==
The important halts of the train are :
* '''[[Charlapalli railway station|Charlapalli]]'''
* [[Jangaon railway station|Jangaon]]
* [[Kazipet Junction railway station|Kazipet Junction]]
* [[Warangal railway station|Warangal]]
* [[Mahabubabad]]
* [[Khammam railway station|Khammam]]
* [[Rayanapadu railway station|Rayanapadu]]
* [[Eluru railway station|Eluru]]
* [[Tadepalligudem railway station|Tadepalligudem]]
* [[Nidadavolu Junction railway station|Nidadavolu Junction]]
* [[Rajahmundry railway station|Rajahmundry]]
* [[Samalkot Junction railway station|Samalkot Junction]]
* [[Annavaram railway station|Annavaram]]
* [[Tuni railway station, Andhra Pradesh|Tuni]]
* [[Elamanchili railway station|Elamanchili]]
* '''[[Anakapalle railway station|Anakapalle]]'''

== Schedule ==
• 17045 – 8:05 pm (Saturday) [Charlapalli]

• 17046 – 5:35 pm (Sunday) [Anakapalle]

== Coach composition ==

# General Unreserved – 4
# Sleeper Class – 9
# AC 3rd Class – 7
# AC 2nd Class – 2

== Traction ==
As the entire route is fully electrified, it is hauled by a [[Vijayawada Junction railway station|Vijayawada]] Shed-based [[Indian locomotive class WAP-7|WAP-7]] electric locomotive from [[Charlapalli railway station|Charlapalli]] to [[Anakapalle railway station|Anakapalle]] and vice versa.

== Rake reversal or rake share ==
No rake reversal or rake share.

== See also ==
Trains from [[Charlapalli railway station|Charlapalli]] :
# [[Muzaffarpur–Charlapalli Amrit Bharat Express]]
# [[Charlapalli–Narasapur Express]]
#[[Charlapalli–Tiruchanur Express (via Warangal)]]
#[[East Coast Express]]
#[[Charlapalli–Tiruchanur Express (via Kurnool City)]]

No trains from [[Anakapalle railway station|Anakapalle]]
== Notes ==
a. Runs one day in a week with both directions.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:South Central Railway zone]]
[[Category:2026 establishments in India]]

Ranipuram Hills

2026-05-05T19:52:50Z

Doonedu: started initial post more to come.

{{Short description|Hill station in Kasaragod district, Kerala, India}}

{{About|the hill station and tourist destination|the village|Ranipuram}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ranipuram hill station
| native_name = റാണിപുരം
| native_name_lang = ml
| settlement_type = Hill station and ecotourism destination
| image_skyline = Entrance gate of Ranipuram Eco Tourism.jpg
| image_caption = Entrance structure marking the eco tourism trekking area at Ranipuram
| pushpin_map = Kerala
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|12|31|N|75|20|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kasaragod district|Kasaragod]]
| subdivision_type3 = Taluk
| subdivision_name3 = Vellarikundu
| subdivision_type4 = Panchayat
| subdivision_name4 = Panathady
| elevation_m = 750
| area_note = (base level); peak at 1,048 m
| governing_body = Kerala Forest Department / DTPC Kasaragod
| website =
}}

'''Ranipuram hill station''' ({{lang|ml|റാണിപുരം}}, {{IPA|ml|rɑːɳipuɾəm}}) is a scenic hill station and ecotourism destination located in the [[Panathady]] panchayat of [[Vellarikundu]] taluk, [[Kasaragod district]], [[Kerala]], [[India]].<ref name="kasargod_nic">{{cite web |title=Ranipuram Hill Station |url=https://kasargod.nic.in/en/tourist-place/ranipuram-hill-station/ |website=Kasargod District – Official Website |publisher=Government of India |access-date=29 April 2026}}</ref> Formerly known as '''Madathumala''' ({{lang|ml|മാടത്തുമല}}), it stands at a base elevation of approximately 750 metres (2,460 ft) above sea level, with its summit peak reaching 1,048 metres (3,438 ft), making it the highest point in Kasaragod district.<ref name="keralatourism_main">{{cite web |title=Ranipuram Hills |url=https://www.keralatourism.org/kasaragod/investment/opportunities/ranipuram-hills |website=Kerala Tourism |publisher=Department of Tourism, Government of Kerala |access-date=29 April 2026}}</ref><ref name="keralatourism_dest">{{cite web |title=Ranipuram, Kasaragod |url=https://www.keralatourism.org/destination/ranipuram-kasaragod/166/ |website=Kerala Tourism |publisher=Department of Tourism, Government of Kerala |access-date=29 April 2026}}</ref>

Situated on the [[Western Ghats]], near the [[Kerala]]–[[Karnataka]] border, Ranipuram hill station is part of a contiguous forest belt that merges with the [[Talacauvery Wildlife Sanctuary]] and the [[Coorg]] mountains of [[Karnataka]].<ref name="keralatourism_dest"/> The area is popularly referred to as the '''Ooty of Kerala''' owing to its cool climate, lush meadows, and undulating green hills, which are said to be reminiscent of [[Ooty]] in the [[Nilgiri Hills]].<ref name="keralatourism_trek">{{cite web |title=Ranipuram – A Trekkers' Paradise |url=https://www.keralatourism.org/kerala-article/2019/ranipuram-trekking/904 |website=Kerala Tourism |publisher=Department of Tourism, Government of Kerala |access-date=29 April 2026}}</ref>

It is among the smallest hill stations in Kerala and is administered as an ecotourism destination by the [[Kerala Forest Department]].<ref name="kasargod_nic"/>

==Name==
The area was historically known as '''Madathumala''' ({{lang|ml|മാടത്തുമല}}), a toponym describing its characteristic undulating terrain. In the 1970s, the land was acquired by the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Kottayam|Catholic Diocese of Kottayam]] for the resettlement of [[Knanaya Catholic]] families from central Kerala.<ref name="diocese_history">{{cite web |title=History of the Archdiocese |url=https://kottayamad.org/history-of-the-archdiocese/ |website=Archeparchy of Kottayam |date=22 February 2024 |access-date=29 April 2026}}</ref><ref name="jetir_migration">{{cite journal |last1=Sabu |first1=K. |title=Blend of Traditions in the Rituals and Practices of the Knanaya Christian Community |journal=Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research |volume=6 |issue=4 |year=2019 |url=https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1904N23.pdf |access-date=29 April 2026}}</ref>

The settlers renamed the location '''Ranipuram''' to honour the [[Virgin Mary]] (often referred to as the "Queen of Heaven"), reflecting the community's Marian devotion.<ref name="tnhs_travel">{{cite web |last=Ramesh |first=M. |title=Ranipuram – A Travelogue |url=https://tnhs.info/ranipuram-a-travelogue-by-ramesh-m/ |website=Travancore Nature History Society |access-date=29 April 2026}}</ref> In modern tourism literature, the name is also frequently interpreted as "Abode of the Queen [of grasslands]," a reference to the expansive shola meadows found at the summit.<ref name="keralatourism_dest"/>

In contemporary tourism literature, the name is frequently interpreted as "Abode of the Queen of Grasslands," referring to the extensive shola meadows found at the summit.<ref name="keralatourism_dest"/>

==Geography and location==
Ranipuram is located approximately 43 km east of [[Kanhangad]] and about 85 km from [[Kasaragod]] town, within the [[Panathady]] panchayat of [[Vellarikundu]] taluk.<ref name="keralatourism_main"/> It lies adjacent to the [[Kottancheri Hills]] and the Talacauvery mountain range, which straddles the Kerala–Karnataka border.<ref name="keralatourism_dest"/> The base camp of the hill station, from which trekking trails depart, is situated about 9 km uphill from [[Panathady]].<ref name="keralatourism_trek"/>

The hills form part of the [[South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests]] ecoregion and are contiguous with the reserve forests of Panathady, Eleri, and Konnakad.<ref name="holidify">{{cite web |title=Ranipuram, Kasargod |url=https://www.holidify.com/places/kasargod/ranipuram-sightseeing-4933.html |website=Holidify |access-date=29 April 2026}}</ref> The forests here merge seamlessly with those of the Coorg highlands in Karnataka, making the landscape a shared ecological corridor.<ref name="keralatourism_main"/>

===Climate===
[[File:Grassland shelter in fog at Ranipuram hilltop.jpg|thumb|A small shelter surrounded by grassland under heavy fog near the upper trekking area of Ranipuram]]
The climate at Ranipuram is characterised by cool, moist conditions throughout most of the year. During summer, temperatures range between approximately 22°C and 45°C, while during winter they drop to between 12°C and 33°C.<ref name="kasargod_nic"/> The [[Southwest monsoon|southwestern monsoon]] brings heavy rainfall between June and September, during which access can become difficult due to slippery terrain and leeches. The most favourable period for visitors is from October to March, when the weather is pleasant and suitable for trekking.<ref name="keralatourism_dest"/>

==History==
The area now known as Ranipuram was settled in organised waves from the 1970s onwards. The [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Kottayam|Catholic Diocese of Kottayam]] acquired land here as part of a broader effort to resettle [[Knanaya Catholic]] families from central Kerala, who were facing land scarcity in their home region.<ref name="diocese_history"/> The early settlements comprised migrant families who cleared portions of the forest for [[rubber]] and [[spice]] cultivation, particularly [[black pepper]] and [[cardamom]].<ref name="diocese_history"/><ref name="keralatourism_dest"/> Despite the settlement history, pre-existing cultural traditions of the indigenous population remain active; the [[Theyyam]] ritual a ritualistic dance performance common in the North Malabar region is observed annually during the month of May at local shrines in the vicinity.<ref name="dtpc_kasaragod">{{cite web |title=Culture of Kasaragod |url=https://kasargod.nic.in/culture-heritage/ |website=Kasargod District – Official Website |publisher=Government of India |access-date=29 April 2026}}</ref>

A significant portion of the resident population in the surrounding areas belongs to the [[Marathi people|Marathi]] community. These residents are descendants of historical migrations from the northern [[Konkan]] and [[Maharashtra]] regions to the highland tracts of the [[Western Ghats]].<ref name="census_kerala">{{cite book |title=Census of India, 2011: Kerala |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala |year=2011 |pages=22–25}}</ref><ref name="kasargod_nic"/> The Marathi-speaking population in Kasaragod is primarily concentrated in the hilly taluks of Vellarikundu and Hosdurg.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tribal Communities in Kasaragod |url=https://kasargod.nic.in/en/tribal-communities/ |website=Kasargod District – Official Website |publisher=Government of India |access-date=29 April 2026}}</ref>

==Flora and fauna==
Ranipuram and its surrounding forests constitute a recognised [[biodiversity hotspot]] within the [[Western Ghats]], a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage]] natural site.<ref name="keralatourism_proposed">{{cite web |title=Ranipuram Proposed Wildlife Sanctuary |url=https://www.keralatourism.org/bekal/ranipuram-proposed-wildlife-sanctuary.php |website=Kerala Tourism |publisher=Department of Tourism, Government of Kerala |access-date=29 April 2026}}</ref>

===Vegetation===
[[File:Liana wrapped around tree in Ranipuram forest.jpg|thumb|A large woody vine (liana) coiled around a tree trunk inside the forest at Ranipuram]]
The forests feature a combination of evergreen [[shola|shola forests]], [[grassland]]s, [[Moorland|moor]]s, and monsoon forests. Sholas patches of stunted evergreen tropical broadleaf forest found in valley floors amid rolling grasslands are a characteristic and ecologically significant vegetation type found here, and Ranipuram is noted as the only location within Kasaragod district where shola forests are present.<ref name="keralatourism_proposed"/> The meadows are dominated by [[lemongrass]] ''(Cymbopogon spp.)'', which is said to impart a medicinal quality to the breeze.<ref name="keralatourism_trek"/> Rare orchids, wildflowers, and a variety of medicinal plants are also reported from the area.<ref name="keralatourism_trek"/>

===Mammals===
The forests support a diverse mammal fauna. Confirmed or regularly observed species include:
* [[Indian elephant]] ''(Elephas maximus)''
* [[Leopard]] ''(Panthera pardus)''
* [[leopard cat]] ''(Prionailurus bengalensis)''
* [[Slender loris]] ''(Loris tardigradus)''
* [[Malabar giant squirrel]] ''(Ratufa indica)''
* [[Indian giant flying squirrel]] ''(Petaurista philippensis)''
* [[Malabar civet]] ''(Viverra civettina)''
* [[Jungle cat]] ''(Felis chaus)''
* [[Wild boar]] ''(Sus scrofa)''
* [[Sambar deer]] ''(Rusa unicolor)''
* [[Bonnet macaque]] ''(Macaca radiata)''
* [[Indian porcupine]] ''(Hystrix indica)''
* [[Gaur]] ''(Bos gaurus)''<ref name="keralatourism_proposed"/>

Wild elephants are commonly sighted, particularly during the summer months, when they descend from the higher elevations.<ref name="keralatourism_proposed"/>

===Birds===
Ranipuram is considered a significant location for [[birdwatching]]. A bird survey conducted in the area documented 98 species of birds.<ref name="hindu_birds">{{cite news |title=98 species spotted in bird survey |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/98-species-spotted-in-bird-survey/article33767010.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=8 February 2021 |access-date=4 October 2021}}</ref> Notable species recorded include:
* [[Indian black eagle]] ''(Ictinaetus malaiensis)''
* [[Crested serpent eagle]] ''(Spilornis cheela)''
* [[Little spiderhunter]] ''(Arachnothera longirostra)''
* [[Indian paradise flycatcher]] ''(Terpsiphone paradisi)''
* [[Malabar grey hornbill]] ''(Ocyceros griseus)''
* [[Great hornbill]] ''(Buceros bicornis)''
* [[Malabar trogon]] ''(Harpactes fasciatus)''
* [[Sri Lanka green pigeon]] ''(Treron pompadora)''
* [[White-bellied treepie]] ''(Dendrocitta leucogastra)''
* [[Crimson-backed sunbird]] ''(Leptocoma minima)''
* [[Golden-headed cisticola]] ''(Cisticola exilis)''

The [[golden-headed cisticola]] ''(Cisticola exilis)'' a bird typically associated with high-altitude grasslands has been recorded at Ranipuram, which is noted as one of the few high altitude habitats for this species in northern Kerala.<ref name="ebird_ranipuram">{{cite web |title=Bird observations: Ranipuram |url=https://ebird.org/hotspot/L3060662 |website=eBird |publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology |access-date=29 April 2026}}</ref> Its presence is significant as it highlights the unique montane grassland ecosystem of the peak, which mimics the bird's typical habitats in the southern [[Western Ghats]].<ref name="hindu_birds"/>

===Reptiles and amphibians===
The Ranipuram mountain range and its surrounding reserve forests support a variety of herpetofauna typical of the southern [[Western Ghats]]. Recorded reptilian species include the [[king cobra]] (''Ophiophagus hannah''), [[Indian cobra]] (''Naja naja''), [[common krait]] (''Bungarus caeruleus''), and [[Russell's viper]] (''Daboia russelii'').<ref name="keralatourism_proposed"/><ref name="forest_mgmt">{{cite report |title=Management Plan for Kasaragod Forest Division |publisher=Kerala Forest Department |year=2021 |page= |pages=45–50}}</ref> The [[Bengal monitor]] (''Varanus bengalensis'') is also frequently sighted in the lower shola fringes.

The region's high humidity and perennial streams provide a habitat for numerous amphibians, with approximately 19 species documented in local biodiversity registers.<ref name="dtpc_kasaragod"/> Notable sightings include various species of tree frogs and the [[Malabar gliding frog]] (''Rhacophorus malabaricus''), which is endemic to the Western Ghats.<ref name="forest_mgmt"/>

===Insects===
The forest ecosystem around the hills is home to over 100 species of butterflies, including several species endemic to the Western Ghats. Notable sightings include the [[Malabar banded swallowtail]] (''Papilio liomedon'') and the [[Southern birdwing]] (''Troides minos''), which is the largest butterfly in India.<ref name="tnhs_travel"/><ref name="butterfly_survey">{{cite web |title=Butterflies of Kasaragod |url=https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/checklist-of-butterflies-of-kasaragod |website=Butterflies of India |publisher=Indian Foundation for Butterflies |access-date=29 April 2026}}</ref> The high-altitude grasslands also support various species of odonates and grasshoppers unique to the shola grassland complex.

==Trekking==
[[File:Misty forest trail in Ranipuram, Kerala.jpg|thumb|A trekking path through mist covered evergreen forest in Ranipuram Hillstation]]
Trekking is the principal activity at Ranipuram and is managed by the [[Kerala Forest Department]], which operates a ticket counter at the entry point.<ref name="keralatourism_trek"/> There are two main trekking routes that wind through the [[South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests|South Western Ghats]] moist forests, with sections of stone-cut steps to assist climbers.<ref name="keralatourism_trek"/> The combined return trek covers approximately 5 km.<ref name="keralatourism_malbar">{{cite web |title=Ranipuram hills and the Trekking trails |url=https://www.keralatourism.org/malabar/ranipuram/163 |website=Kerala Tourism |publisher=Department of Tourism, Government of Kerala |access-date=29 April 2026}}</ref>

Trekking entry is permitted from early morning until 15:00 (3:00 pm), after which the forest guards require all visitors to descend by 17:00 (5:00 pm).<ref name="nativeplanet_main">{{cite web |title=Ranipuram: Mini Ooty of Kerala – Travel Attractions, Specialities |url=https://malayalam.nativeplanet.com/travel-guide/ranipuram-mini-ooty-of-kerala-travel-attractions-specialities-all-you-need-to-know-007710.html |website=Nativeplanet (Malayalam) |date=18 April 2023 |access-date=29 April 2026}}</ref> The trail ascends from the forest rest house through dense canopy forest before opening onto extensive shola grasslands and panoramic hilltop viewpoints.<ref name="keralatourism_trek"/> Visitors are advised to wear sturdy, grip-soled footwear and to carry salt as a precaution against leeches, which are especially prevalent during the monsoon season.<ref name="keralatourism_proposed"/>

==Conservation status==
There has been a longstanding proposal to formally declare the Ranipuram forests as a [[wildlife sanctuary]]. The proposed '''Ranipuram Wildlife Sanctuary''' would encompass the Ranipuram forest along with the adjacent Panathady, Eleri, and Konnakad reserve forests.<ref name="holidify"/> Such a designation would make it contiguous with the [[Talacauvery Wildlife Sanctuary]] in Karnataka, creating an expanded protected corridor across the state border.<ref name="keralatourism_proposed"/>

The Kerala Tourism Department has noted that formal wildlife sanctuary status would better safeguard the area's [[biodiversity]] and would enhance its potential as an ecotourism destination.<ref name="keralatourism_proposed"/>

==Accommodation==
Accommodation at the base of the hill station is provided by the [[District Tourism Promotion Councils (DTPC)]], Kasaragod, which maintains tourist cottages near Panathady.<ref name="keralatourism_trek"/><ref name="keralatourism_malbar"/> The [[Kerala Tourism Development Corporation]] (KTDC) also operates guest houses in the area.<ref name="keralatourism_main"/> Private accommodation options in the area include local homestays, lodges, and small resorts.<ref name="keralatourism_gallery">{{cite web |title=Ranipuram Hills – A Trekkers' Paradise in Kasaragod |url=https://www.keralatourism.org/photo-gallery/ranipuram-hills-a-trekkers-paradise-in-kasaragod/2903/ |website=Kerala Tourism |publisher=Department of Tourism, Government of Kerala |access-date=29 April 2026}}</ref>

==Transport==
===By road===
Ranipuram is accessible by road from [[Kanhangad]] (approximately 43–48 km) via the [[Panathady]] junction. State highway connectivity is good up to Panathady; from there, a 9 km unsealed road leads to the hill station. Jeep hire services operate from Panathady, and there are limited bus services from Kanhangad on the Panathur route.<ref name="kasargod_nic"/><ref name="keralatourism_malbar"/>

===By rail===
The nearest railway station is [[Kanhangad railway station]], approximately 43–45 km from the hill station.<ref name="kasargod_nic"/><ref name="keralatourism_malbar"/> [[Nileswaram railway station]] is approximately 31 km away.

===By air===
The nearest international airport is [[Mangalore International Airport]] in [[Karnataka]], approximately 125 km from Ranipuram. [[Kannur International Airport]], Kerala, is approximately 95 km away.<ref name="kasargod_nic"/>

==See also==
* [[Kasaragod district]]
* [[Western Ghats]]
* [[Talacauvery Wildlife Sanctuary]]
* [[Ranipuram]] (village article)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.keralatourism.org/destination/ranipuram-kasaragod/166/ Ranipuram] – Kerala Tourism official page
* [https://kasargod.nic.in/en/tourist-place/ranipuram-hill-station/ Ranipuram Hill Station] – Kasargod District official website
* [https://ecotourism.forest.kerala.gov.in/ecotourismlist/38 Ranipuram] – Kerala Forest Ecotourism

[[Category:Hill stations in Kerala]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Kasaragod district]]
[[Category:Western Ghats]]
[[Category:Geography of Kasaragod district]]

Manimegalai

2026-05-04T00:04:37Z

Doonedu:

{{short description|Indian television presenter and entertainer}}
{{distinguish|Manimekalai}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox youtuber
| name = Manimegalai
| image = Manimegalai (VJ).jpg
| caption = Manimegalai in 2021
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Tiruppur district|Tiruppur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| education = [[Bachelor of Science|B.Sc.]](Mathematics), [[Master of Business Administration|MBA]](HR & Finance)
| alma_mater = [[SRM Institute of Science and Technology]](Vadapalani Campus)
| occupation = [[Television Presenter]], [[YouTuber]], [[Video Jockey]], Entertainer
| years_active = 2009 – present
| known_for = [[Star Vijay]], [[Sun Music]], [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]], [[Zee Tamil]]
| spouse = Hussian S K (M.2017)
| youtube_handle = HussainManimegalai
| youtube_display_name = Hussain Manimegalai

| youtube_years_active = 2020- Present
| youtube_genre =
| youtube_subscribers = 2.08 Million
| youtube_views = 404.35 Million
| stats_update = 23 September 2024{{nu|date=October 2025}}
}}

'''Manimegalai''' is an Indian [[television presenter]] and [[VJ (media personality)|video jockey]] who is working in Tamil television industry.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajkumar |date=30 December 2021 |title=காலேஜ் முதலாம் ஆண்டில் முதல் ஷோ - 12 ஆண்டுகளை கடந்துள்ள மணிமேகலை. |url=https://tamil.behindtalkies.com/vj-manimegalai-shares-emotional-video/ |access-date=23 March 2022 |website=Tamil Behind Talkies |language=ta-IN}}</ref> Since 2010, she has regularly been a host for shows on [[Sun TV Network|Sun Network]] before joining [[Star Vijay]] in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2021 |title=இரண்டே மாதத்தில் BMW-வை தொடர்ந்து இன்னொரு கார் வாங்கிய விஜே மணிமேகலை.! |url=https://tamil.news18.com/news/entertainment/television-vijay-tv-vj-manimegalai-hussain-bought-her-second-car-in-2021-ghta-scs-623951.html |access-date=28 November 2021 |website=News18 Tamil |language=ta}}</ref>

She became widely recognised for her participation as a comali in ''[[Cooku with Comali]]'' along with hosting programs on [[Star Vijay|Vijay TV]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2022 |title=தடைகளை தகர்த்த விஜே மணிமேகலை! |url=https://tamil.news18.com/web-stories/entertainment/how-vj-manimegalai-succeed-in-life/index.html |access-date=23 March 2022 |website=tamil.news18.com |language=en |archive-date=8 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508020401/https://tamil.news18.com/web-stories/entertainment/how-vj-manimegalai-succeed-in-life/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Manimegalai was born in [[Tiruppur district]], [[Tamil Nadu]] to businessman Ramaayyappan and Jothimani. She has a younger sibling, Gunamani, who is a Visual Communications graduate.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiran |first=Jessica |date=4 September 2020 |title=Manimegalai Indian television anchor Wiki, Bio, Profile, Unknown Facts and Family Details revealed |url=https://thenewscrunch.com/manimegalai-indian-television-anchor-wiki-bio-profile-unknown-facts-and-family-details-revealed/24786/ |access-date=19 June 2021 |website=TheNewsCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref> Until class 3, Manimegalai studied in Coimbatore, and then moved to [[Chennai]] with her family and continued her schooling at Shanthosh Vidyala Matriculation School. She completed her MBA(dual) in HR & Finance from [[SRM Institute of Science and Technology|SRM university]] (Vadapalani Campus).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Actress Manimegalai gets nostalgic as she shares a throwback picture from her MBA days; says she was a 'brilliant student' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/actress-manimegalai-gets-nostalgic-as-she-shares-a-throwback-picture-from-her-mba-days-says-she-was-a-brilliant-student/articleshow/76400294.cms |access-date=20 June 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=16 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

While at college she started performing as a [[VJ (media personality)|video jockey]] on [[Sun Music]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ஆங்கர்' பயணம் எப்படி ஆரம்பிச்சது? |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/television/102451-we-are-not-real-sisters---anchor-manimegalai |website=cinema.vikatan.com|date=17 September 2017 }}</ref> She met assistant choreographer Hussain Shaik Kadhar in 2017, and the couple got married the same year.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Television host Manimegalai ties the knot! - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/television-host-manimegalai-ties-the-knot/articleshow/61947204.cms |access-date=19 June 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=6 December 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
===Television===

Manimegalai debuted as a Video Jockey on 30 December 2009<ref>{{cite tweet |author=MANIMEGALAI |user=iamManimegalai |number=549867361797279745 |date=30 December 2014 |title=30/12/09 was the day when I did my 1st show on sun music !! & so today am completing 5 yrs !😊 ur support has taken me to this level! Tnx a ton🙏 |language=en |access-date=20 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808064511/https://twitter.com/iammanimegalai/status/549867361797279745 |archive-date=8 August 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> at the age of 17 and hosted her first program called Super Hits on [[Sun Music]]. She then hosted live shows and reality shows on Sun Music, namely Franka Sollata, Black, Kollywood Diaries, etc.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ritzmagazine.in/mastering-the-small-screen-manimegalai/ |title=Mastering the Small Screen: Manimegalai |website=ritzmagazine.in |date=22 April 2019 |accessdate=22 April 2019}}</ref>

[[File:Manimegalai with Kamal.jpg|thumb|Manimegalai while interviewing [[Kamal Haasan]]. ]]
She rose to fame as a television anchor after hosting several live shows and celebrity interviews.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unforgettable show and interview |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/television/88913-vj-manimegalai-interview |website=Cinema.vikatan.com|date=10 May 2017 }}</ref>

In 2016, Manimegalai was awarded the Best Anchor by the World Human Integration Council. She received the award from the then governor of Tamil Nadu [[Konijeti Rosaiah|Dr.K.Rosaiah]]. She was nicknamed Anchor Superstar by her fans.<ref>{{cite tweet |author=Aruna |user=AruNa53359530 |number=928250495675785216 |date=8 November 2017 |title=Congrats mam..😍@iamManimegalai #AnchorSuperstar #1MHeartsForManimegalai |language=en |access-date=20 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805204332/https://twitter.com/aruna53359530/status/928250495675785216 |archive-date=5 August 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |author=MANIMEGALAI |user=iamManimegalai |number=729259379090849792 |date=8 May 2016 |title=Very kind of him 😊😇 https://t.co/mEBP8WnZHD |language=en |access-date=20 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809015234/https://twitter.com/iammanimegalai/status/729259379090849792 |archive-date=9 August 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>

She left [[Sun TV Network|Sun Network]] in January 2019 after working there for 9 years to participate in a reality show named [[Mr. and Mrs. Chinnathirai|''Mr. And Mrs. Chinnathirai'']] along with her husband on Vijay Television.<ref>{{Cite news |title=New reality show 'Mr & Mrs Chinnathirai' from January 20! - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/new-reality-show-mr-mrs-chinnathirai-from-january-20/articleshow/67599790.cms |access-date=19 June 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=19 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

Manimegalai and Hussain were awarded the 2nd runner up and were appreciated for their finale performance in ''Mr. and Mrs. Chinnathirai''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://totalreporter.com/mr-mrs-chinnathirai-grand-finale-winners/ |title=Mr & Mrs Chinnathirai Grand Finale Winners |website=totalreporter.com |date=20 May 2019 |accessdate=20 May 2019}}</ref> After which, she hosted some special shows and a reality show on [[Star Vijay|Vijay Television]]. She also participated in the cooking reality show ''[[Cooku with Comali]]'' as a Comali for three seasons. Later, in [[Cooku with Comali season 5|season 5]], she co-hosted the program alongside [[Rakshan]].

Manimegalai quit as the host of ''Cooku with Comali'' following a disagreement with a, [[Priyanka Deshpande]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-16 |title=Manimegalai quits as host of Cooku with Comali show over tiff with contestant who 'often forgets she is a cook': 'Deliberately interrupts anchor' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/manimegalai-quits-as-host-of-cooku-with-comali-show-over-tiff-with-contestant-9570478/ |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

In 2025, Manimegalai began her journey with [[Zee Tamil]] and became a co-host for [[Dance Jodi Dance Reloaded season 3]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vasanthi |first=V. |date=2025-04-08 |title=7 வருஷமாகிடுச்சு.. இனி என் ஆசை நிறைவேறுமான்னு தெரியல, கலங்கிய மணிமேகலை.. பீல் பண்ண வைத்த வார்த்தை |url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/television/vj-manimegalai-gets-emotional-on-dance-jodi-dance-opens-up-about-longtime-dream-fans-show-support-694017.html |access-date=2025-04-15 |website=tamil.oneindia.com |language=ta}}</ref>

===Public shows/events===
Manimegalai also host other events like college cultural, audio launches and award functions. She hosted her first audio launch of the movie [[Tik Tik Tik (2018 film)|Tik Tik Tik]] in Jan 2018, and continued hosting numerous other audio launches and success meets of Kollywood movies, including [['96 (film)|'96]] success meet.

She also participates in comedy debate talk shows. Her first debate talk show was on 31 May 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |title=TV anchor Manimegalai dons a new avatar; see pics - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tv-anchor-manimegalai-dons-a-new-avatar-see-pics/articleshow/69647221.cms |access-date=19 June 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=4 June 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

===Acting===
Manimegalai was initially chosen for the serial [[Bharathi Kannamma (2019 TV series)|Bharathi Kannamma]] by director Praveen Bennet for the role of Venba (played by Farina) which she turned down.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajkumar |date=27 February 2020 |title=பாண்டியன் ஸ்டோர்ஸை மிஞ்சிய விஜய் டிவி சீரியல். காரணம் மணிமேகலை தானாம். |url=https://tamil.behindtalkies.com/pandian-stores-beated-by-bharathi-kannamma-because-of-manimegalai/ |access-date=19 June 2021 |website=Tamil Behind Talkies |language=en-US}}</ref> On request by the director, she accepted to make a single shot appearance confronting the male lead's mother character.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/bharathi-kannamma-vijay-tv-vj-manimegalai-168338/ |title=பாரதி கண்ணம்மாவில் வி.ஜே.மணிமேகலை |website=The Indian Express |accessdate=11 February 2020}}</ref>

===YouTube===

Manimegalai and Hussain started the YouTube channel Hussain Manimegalai on 4 June 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1 மில்லியனை நெருங்கும் 'குக் வித் கோமாளி' மணிமேகலை.. ட்ரெண்டிங்கிலும் இவர்தான்! |url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/lifestyle/cook-with-comali-manimegalai-hussain-youtube-channel-tamil-news/ |access-date=28 November 2021 |website=Indian Express Tamil |language=ta}}</ref> A short clip from one of the videos of Hussain Manimegalai channel was posted on YouTube India's social media handles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2021 |title=VJ Manimeghalai surprises Youtube team - latest post goes viral |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/vj-manimeghalai-surprises-youtube-team-latest-post-goes-viral.html |access-date=19 June 2021 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref>

Hussain Manimegalai YouTube channel had gained over a million subscribers and over 100 million views in total within a year of its start.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anbu |date=26 November 2021 |title=இப்பதான் BMW வாங்கினாங்க, அதுக்குள்ள இன்னொரு கார்.. மாஸ் காட்டும் மணிமேகலை |url=https://www.cinemapettai.com/manimegalai-new-car-viral-photo/ |access-date=28 November 2021 |website=Cinemapettai |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Shows ==
===Selected television===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#cfc;"| Telecast Year
! style="background:#cfc;"| Title
! style="background:#cfc;"| Role
! style="background:#cfc;"| Telecast Channel
! style="background:#cfc;"| Notes
|-
|2010–2011
|''Super Hits''
| rowspan="31" |Host
| rowspan="13" |[[Sun Music]]
|Debut Show<ref>{{Cite web |title=Info about debut show & marriage |url=https://archive.siasat.com/news/renowned-tamil-tv-anchor-marries-muslim-beau-fathers-wish-trolled-1274253/ |access-date=22 November 2021 |website=The Siasat Daily – Archive |date=7 December 2017 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2011
|''Vazhthalam Vanga''
|Bday wishes are conveyed
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2012–2013 ||''Vettipechu''
|2 VJs discuss the gossips of cinema industry and celebraties
|-
|''Kollywood Diaries''
|Interview with Celebrities.
Notably interviewed [[Kamal Haasan]] when she was 21 years.<ref>{{cite tweet |author=MANIMEGALAI |user=iamManimegalai |number=798945075900256256 |date=16 November 2016 |title=@MirchiMemes @ikamalhaasan 2013 will remain as d most luckiest year in My career forever!Interview wit Kamal sir, when i was 21.Unforgettable |language=en |access-date=20 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721144544/https://twitter.com/iamManimegalai/status/798945075900256256 |archive-date=21 July 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2012–2014
|''Isaiyodu Vilaiyadu''
|Live game show{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |2013
|''Pattu.com''
|The audience comments in social media are read
|-
|''Knock Knock''
|Prank show{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}
|-
|2013–2014
|''Vanakkam Sunmusic''
|Morning show
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2014 ||''Run Tamizha Run (RTR)''
|The host raises voice against social injustices and creates social awareness<ref>{{cite tweet |author=MANIMEGALAI |user=iamManimegalai |number=449857778174029824 |date=29 March 2014 |title=Do watch RTR at 11 on sunday.It's not a promotion for RTR but an awareness. Ull understand abt an importance of using Helmet while driving!👍 |language=en |access-date=20 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808171241/https://twitter.com/iammanimegalai/status/449857778174029824 |archive-date=8 August 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''Call Mela Kasu''
|Game show{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}
|-
|''Time Pass''
|The hosts discuss the gossips
|-
|''Hot Seat''
|Software based live game show
|-
|''Take it Easy''
|Only for few days
|-
|''Galatta Kudumbam''
| rowspan="3" |[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|Reality Show with Serial Families
|-
| rowspan="2" |2014–2017
|''Pudhu Padam Epdi Iruku''
|The host reviews the newly released films
|-
|''Pudhu Padangal''
|Popular scenes from new movies are played
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014–2015
|''Oh My Gawd (OMG)''
| rowspan="9" |[[Sun Music]]
|Updated version of Vettipechu
|-
|''Love Today''
|It is all about love and love stories
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2015
| ''Black''
|Exploring Haunted places.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Black |date=22 October 2015 |url=https://tamil.filmibeat.com/television/tv-anchor-manimegalai-searching-ghost-black-program-037297.html }}</ref>
|-
|''Hot Seat 2''
|Season 2 of the popular game show
|-
|''Suyambulingam Engira [[Kamal Haasan]]''
|Papanasam special<ref>{{cite tweet |author=Music |author-link=Sun Music |user=SunMusic |number=617957230982270981 |date=6 July 2015 |title=Exclusive interview with #kamalhassan @TeamPapanasam @onlynikil @Manivj07 @AnjanaVJ @sunpictures @thinkmusicindia http://t.co/cia6zASgvf |language=en |access-date=20 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908185255/https://twitter.com/sunmusic/status/617957230982270981 |archive-date=8 September 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''Franka Sollata''
|Film stars talk about their personal life
|-
| 2015–2016 ||''Music4u''
|Viewers choice music is played
|-
| rowspan="2" |2016
|''Kids Corner''
|Only for few days
|-
|''Vazhthukal''
|Bday wishes are conveyed.
|-
|2016–2017
|''Cinema Special''
|[[Sun News (Indian TV channel)|Sun News]]
|Interview with Kollywood Celebrities.
Notably interviewed [[Vivek Oberoi]]<ref>{{cite tweet |author=MANIMEGALAI |user=iamManimegalai |number=901093238248947712 |date=25 August 2017 |title=@brave_vj That's so swt of him to say that😍😍😍😍 thank you so much @vivek_oberoi for ur kind words 🙋ur compliment is Boost, horlicks, complan etc for me😀 |language=en |access-date=20 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808064523/https://twitter.com/iammanimegalai/status/901093238248947712 |archive-date=8 August 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2016–2018
|''Freeyah Vidu''
| rowspan="5" |[[Sun Music]]
|The host will ask questions and the day's topic is discussed.
|-
| rowspan="4" |2018
|''Hit List''
|The hit songs of the movies are played
|-
|''Semma Morning''
|Morning show
|-
|''Kollywood Central''
|{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}
|-
|''One by Two''
|The hosts explore various fields of work<ref>{{cite tweet |author=Music |author-link=Sun Music |user=SunMusic |number=983219059901612032 |date=9 April 2018 |title=Go on a #Judo trip with @iamManimegalai and @RJSyedLive, tomorrow at 7 PM on #onebytwo only on #SunMusic! https://t.co/g34p0m112a |language=en |access-date=20 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808022403/https://twitter.com/sunmusic/status/983219059901612032 |archive-date=8 August 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2019
| ''[[Mr and Mrs Chinnathirai]] 1'' || Contestant with Hussain
| rowspan="8" | [[Star Vijay]]
| 2nd Runner-Up
|-
|''Thala Deepawali''
| rowspan="3" |Host
|Diwali Special Show
|-
|''Vijay Natchathira Kondattam''
|In various places such as Thoothukudi, Kanyakumari, Dharmapuri and Hosur.
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019–2020
| ''[[Kalakka Povathu Yaaru? Champions]] 2''
| Comedy show<ref>{{Cite web |title=KPY champions 2 and Pongal spl show |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/television/manimegalai-shares-about-her-career |website=cinema.vikatan.com|date=10 January 2020 }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Cooku with Comali (season 1)]]''
| rowspan="2" | Comali
|Cooking - Comedy reality show<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cooku with Comalis Vijay TV Program Launching on 16th November at 8.00 P.M |date=13 November 2019 |url=https://www.indiantvinfo.com/cooku-with-comalis-vijay/ |access-date=19 June 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| 2020–2021|| ''[[Cooku with Comali (season 2)]]''
|Missed shooting few episodes due to an injury and returned only to finale<ref>{{Cite web |title=VJ Manimegalai meets with accident, to stay away from her reality show for two weeks - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/vj-manimegalai-meets-with-accident-to-stay-away-from-her-reality-show-for-two-weeks/articleshow/81447109.cms |access-date=19 June 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=11 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2020
|[[Bharathi Kannamma (2019 TV series)|''Bharathi Kannamma'']]
|Manimegalai
|Guest Appearance for 1 episode<ref>{{Cite web |title=VJ மணிமேகலையின் வாழ்க்கையில் ஏற்பட்ட திருப்பம்.. மகிழ்ச்சியில் வெளியிட்ட வீடியோ..! உற்சாகத்தில் ரசிகர்கள்..! |url=https://www.seithipunal.com/cinema/vj-manimegalai-came-into-acting |access-date=23 March 2022 |website=Seithipunal |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Karthiyudan Ulavar Thirunal''
|Herself
|Pongal special show with actor [[Karthi]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=KPY champions 2 and Pongal spl show |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/television/manimegalai-shares-about-her-career |website=cinema.vikatan.com|date=10 January 2020 }}</ref>
|-
|''Idhu Enga Aattam''
| rowspan="2" |Host
|[[Star Sports (Indian TV network)|Star Sports Tamil]]
|Ipl special show
|-
| rowspan="17" |2021
|[[Airtel Super Singer|''Super Singer 8'']]
| rowspan="2" |[[Star Vijay]]
|Only for grand launch<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 January 2021 |title=Super Singer 8 Contestants List, Photos, Judges, Hosts and Details |url=https://www.worldhab.com/super-singer-8-contestants-list-star-vijay-tv-2021/ |access-date=19 June 2021 |website=WORLDHAB |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''Kadhale Kadhale''
|Participant along with Hussain
|Valentine's Day Special<ref>{{Cite news |title=Special show Kadhale Kadhale to entertain the audience this Valentine's Day - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/special-show-kadhaley-kadhaley-to-entertain-the-audience-this-valentines-day/articleshow/80761204.cms |access-date=18 July 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=9 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Idhu Enga Aattam with Comali''
| rowspan="4" |Host
|[[Star Sports (Indian TV network)|Star Sports Tamil]]
|Only for a few episodes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2021 |title=pugazh ashwin, manimegalai in popular channel பிரபல சேனலில் அஸ்வின், புகழ் |url=https://tamil.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-ta/pugazh-ashwin-manimegalai-in-popular-channel.html |access-date=25 June 2021 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref>
|-
|''Single Ponnunga''
| rowspan="9" |[[Star Vijay]]
|One day special show <ref>{{Cite news |title=Special show 'Single Ponnunga' to air on July 11 - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/special-show-single-ponnunga-to-air-on-july-11/articleshow/84260533.cms |access-date=21 July 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=9 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Theri Baby''
|One day Special show for kids
|-
|''[[Mr and Mrs Chinnathirai]] 3''
|Only for few episodes{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}
|-
|''Star Kids''
|[[Santosh Subramaniam]] Hasini
|One day special show
|-
|''Mathiyanam Na Mass''
|Host
|Ayudha poojai special show
|-
|''Vijay Pallikoodam''
|Student
|Vijayadashami special show
|-
|''Deepavali Sirappu Pattimandram''
|Speaker
|rowspan="3"|Deepavali special show{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}
|-
|''Pandian Stores Deepavali Kondattam''
|rowspan="3"|Host
|-
|''Vijay Parambarai''
|-
|''Pasikithu Lah''
|rowspan="2"|[[Astro Vinmeen HD|Astro Vinmeen]]
|Deepavali special show.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amazing deepavali shows |url=https://astroulagam.com.my/entertainment/catch-these-amazing-deepavali-special-shows-movies-astro-227187 |website=astroulagam.com.my}}</ref>
|-
|''Comedy Mandram''
|Speaker
|Deepavali special show<ref>{{Cite web |title=Celebrating vibrant deepavali |url=https://astroulagam.com.my/entertainment/celebrating-vibrant-deepavali-local-talents-and-astro-228577 |website=astroulagam.com.my}}</ref>
|-
|''Namma Veettu Thiruvizha''
| rowspan="2" |Host
| rowspan="6" |[[Star Vijay]]
|Sunday special show<ref>{{Cite web |title=Namma Veetu Thiruvizha - Bharathi Kannamma Vs Raja Rani S02 - Google Search |url=https://www.google.com/search?kgmid=/g/11sgddxngz&hl=en-IN&q=Namma+Veetu+Thiruvizha+-+Bharathi+Kannamma+Vs+Raja+Rani+S02 |access-date=28 November 2021 }}</ref>
|-
|''Christmas Kondattam''
|Christmas Celebration along with [[Velan (film)|Velan]] Movie team<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1473299823809884162 |user=vijaytelevision |title=Christmas Special}}</ref>
|-
|''Christmas Sirappu Pattimandram''
|Speaker
|Christmas Special
|-
| rowspan="6" |2022
|''Anbarivu New Year Special''
|Host
|Newyear Special with [[Anbarivu]] Movie team
|-
|''Samsaaram Athu Minsaaram''
|Participant along with Hussian
|New Year Special{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}
|-
|''Pongal Sirappu Pattimandram''
| rowspan="2" |Speaker
|Pongal Special
|-
|''Comedy Mandram''
|[[Astro Vinmeen HD|Astro Vinmeen]]
|Pongal special<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 January 2022 |title=Rejoice Astro Subscribers! Enjoy Exciting Pongal Special Shows |url=https://varnam.my/news/2022/51702/rejoice-astro-subscribers-enjoy-exciting-ponggal-special-shows/ |access-date=23 March 2022 |website=Varnam MY |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''Enga Veetu Boss''
|Host
| rowspan="4" |[[Star Vijay]]
|One day special show with [[Bigg Boss Tamil|bigg boss]] contestants
|-
|''[[Cooku with Comali (Season 3)|Cook with Comali (Season 3)]]''
|Comali
|Cooking - Comedy reality
|-
|2023
|''[[Cooku with Comali (season 4)|Cook with Comali (Season 4)]]''
|Comali / Co - Host
|Cooking - Comedy reality
show. Quit as comali, came back as a co-host<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2022 |title=Cooku with Comali 3: From cracking rib-tickling jokes to roasting the judges as 'Nattamai'; times when Manimegalai stole the show |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/cooku-with-comali-3-from-cracking-rib-tickling-jokes-to-roasting-the-judges-as-nattamai-times-when-manimegalai-stole-the-show/photostory/90289544.cms |access-date=23 March 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|''[[Cooku with Comali (season 5)|Cook with Comali (Season 5)]]''
|Host
|Cooking- comedy reality. Quit before finals.
|-
|2025
|[[Dance Jodi Dance Reloaded season 3]]
|Co-Host
|[[Zee Tamil]]
|Dance reality show
|}
Manimegalai has also hosted many special shows on festivals and movie promotion shows for [[Star Vijay|Vijay TV]], [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]], [[Sun News (Indian TV channel)|Sun News]], [[KTV (India)|K TV]] and [[Sun Music]].

She has also participated in various reality shows as guest in [[Sun TV Network|Sun Network]] as well as [[Star Vijay|Vijay Television]].

===YouTube===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#cfc;"| Telecast Year
! style="background:#cfc;"| Title
! style="background:#cfc;"| Role
! style="background:#cfc;"| Telecast Channel
! style="background:#cfc;"| Notes
|-
| 2018
| ''First Information Report (FIR by MM)''
| Host
| Galatta Tamil
| <ref>{{cite tweet |author=Galatta Media |user=galattadotcom |number=1001664328066453506 |date=29 May 2018 |title=FIR By #Manimegalai.. #Galatta Exclusive Show. @iamManimegalai #FIRByMM #VJManimegalai Check out the video here: https://t.co/tNCkohw5Gk https://t.co/mcBldN52gS |language=en |access-date=20 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812221705/https://twitter.com/galattadotcom/status/1001664328066453506 |archive-date=12 August 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2021
| ''Happy Foods for Happy Times with Chef Damu''
| Herself
| rowspan="5" |Behindwoods TV
| <ref>{{cite tweet |author=Behindwoods |user=behindwoods |number=1432644970666622977 |date=31 August 2021 |title=VIDEO LINK: https://t.co/pDdOqCvLNR 🔴நடுக்கடலில் LIVE Fishing & Cooking with Chef DAMU, MANIMEGALAI🤪வெறுப்பேத்திய RITHIKA🤣20KG FISH BBQ #ChefDamu #Manimegalai #Rithika #Behindwoods #HappyFoodsforHappyTimes https://t.co/S5UefCaurr |language=en |access-date=20 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908185233/https://twitter.com/behindwoods/status/1432644970666622977 |archive-date=8 September 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''Behindwoods Celebrity Cricket Championship''
| rowspan="4" | Host
|<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1480118942668521472 |user=behindwoods |title=Behindwoods Celebrity Cricket Championship}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|Marakka Mudiyatha Kalyanam
|Only few episodes
|-
|2023
|Behindwoods Isai Maamannan AR Rahman
|AR Rahman Fans Festival
|-
|2024
|Mother's Day - 2024
|
|}
Manimegalai has also hosted interviews and fans festivals of movie actors for Behindwoods TV YouTube channel.

===Award shows===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#cfc;"| Year
! style="background:#cfc;"| Title
! style="background:#cfc;"| Role
! style="background:#cfc;"| Telecast Channel
! style="background:#cfc;"| Notes
|-
|rowspan="3" |2018
|Edison Awards
| rowspan="10" |Host
|[[Kalaignar TV|Kalaingar TV]]
|Award Function by mytamilmovie.com<ref>{{cite web |title=edison awards |url=http://www.edisonawards.in/pages/pompous-occasion-details.php?id=34 |access-date=21 July 2021 |website=edisonawards.in}}</ref>
|-
|Tea Kadai Cinema Awards
| -
|Award Function<ref>{{cite web |title=maalaimalar cinema :teakadai cinema awards |url=https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/2018/07/07160921/1175057/teakadai-cinema-awards.vpf?__twitter_impression=true |access-date=18 July 2021 |website=cinema.maalaimalar.com |language=tamil}}</ref>
|-
|Techofes Awards
| -
|Award Function by Anna University<ref>{{cite news |title=anna university to hold 71 events for techofes '18 - times of india |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/anna-university-to-hold-71-events-for-techofes-18/articleshow/62924397.cms |access-date=18 July 2021 |website=The Times of India|date=15 February 2018 }}</ref>
|-
|2020
|MaathareT20
| rowspan="2" |Kalaingar TV
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2021 |title=Maathare-T20 - Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology |url=https://kveg.in/maathare-t20/ |access-date=18 July 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> Award function for women by Karpaga Vinayaka College<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 May 2021 |title=Maathare-T21 - Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology |url=https://kveg.in/maathare-t21/ |access-date=18 July 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
|MaathareT21
|-
|Behindwoods Gold Icon Awards
|[[Star Vijay|Vijay Television]] / Behindwoods TV
|Award Function <ref>{{cite web |date=7 March 2021 |title=BEHINDWOODS விருது வழங்கும் விழாவில் புகழ் மற்றும் மணிமேகலை அசத்தல் காமெடி... |url=https://m.behindwoods.com/ta/tamil-movies-cinema-news-ta/pugazh-and-manimegalai-in-behindwoods-gold-icon.html?ref=www.google.com |website=m.behindwoods.com |accessdate=7 March 2021}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|Galatta Digital Star Awards
|Galatta Tamil
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023
|Behindwoods Gold Hall of Famers
| rowspan="3" |Behindwoods TV
|
|-
|Behindwoods Gold Icon Awards
|
|-
|2024
|Behindwoods Gold Icons Awards
|
|}

===Album songs===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#cfc;"| Telecast Year
! style="background:#cfc;"| Title
! style="background:#cfc;"| Role
! style="background:#cfc;"| Telecast Channel
! style="background:#cfc;"| Notes
|-
| 2022
|'' Scene-u Singaari''
| Guest Appearance
| Media Masons
| <ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1478690406384607234 |user=divomovies |title=Scene-u Singaari}}</ref>
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
[[File:Manimegalai receiving award from Governor.jpg|thumb|Best Anchor 2016 award from Governor]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#cfc;"| Year
! style="background:#cfc;"| Award
! style="background:#cfc;"| Category
! style="background:#cfc;"| Channel/show
! style="background:#cfc;"| Result
! style="background:#cfc;"| Notes
|-
|2010
|''Vivel Miss Chinnathirai Awards''
|Miss Beautiful Hair
|
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/vivels-miss-chinnathirai-2010-tamil-event-22614 |title=VIVEL'S MISS CHINNATHIRAI 2010 |website=indiaglitz.com}}</ref> A beauty pageant event<ref>{{Cite web |title=அழகி போட்டியில் பங்கேற்ற VJ மணிமேகலை! பழைய போட்டோவை பதிவிட்டு கிண்டல் செய்த கணவர் |url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tv/news/vj-manimegalai-in-beauty-pageant-husband-shares-photo-and-trolls-her-for-makeup/articleshow/83364291.cms |access-date=23 March 2022 |website=Samayam Tamil |language=ta}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|''World Human Integration Council Award of Excellence''
|Best Anchor
|[[Sun Music]]
|{{Won}}
|Received from the hands of then Governor [[Konijeti Rosaiah|Dr.K.Rosaiah]]<ref>{{cite tweet |author=MANIMEGALAI |user=iamManimegalai |number=769049060271685636 |date=26 August 2016 |title=Article on 'The HINDU' Tamil, about my Award i received from Governor😊spcl tnx to Mohan for dis wonderful write-up. https://t.co/B8Xndj2z1D |language=en |access-date=20 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|''Times of India''
|Chennai Times 15 Most Desirable Women on Television 2017
|
|14th Position
|This was the first edition<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chennai Times 15 Most Desirable Women on Television 2017 - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/chennai-times-15-most-desirable-women-on-television-2017/articleshow/64160243.cms |access-date=16 June 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=15 May 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2018
|''Times of India''
|Chennai Times 15 Most Desirable Women on Television 2018
|
|14th Position
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Chennai Times 15 Most Desirable Women on Television 2018 - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/chennai-times-15-most-desirable-women-on-television-2018/articleshow/67792954.cms |access-date=16 June 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=2 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Alegria Awards''
|Best Anchor
| rowspan="2" |[[Sun Music]]
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alegria -Events-Alegria awards 2018 |url=https://alegriaholidays.com/in/events |website=alegriaholidays.com}}</ref>
|-
|''Galatta Nakshatra Awards''
|Best Host Female
|{{Nominated}}
|Withdrew herself out of the voting when she was leading in first position<ref>{{cite tweet |author=MANIMEGALAI |user=iamManimegalai |number=977045808578142209 |date=23 March 2018 |title=Thank you every1 who supported me throughout 🙏 https://t.co/uf4g5eG7Ia |language=en |access-date=20 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808023002/https://twitter.com/iammanimegalai/status/977045808578142209 |archive-date=8 August 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2020 || ''Indiaglitz'' || Desirable Women on TV || || Featured || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Desirable women on TV 2020 |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/desirable-women-on-tv-2020-tamil-story-1623418358564 |access-date=20 June 2021 |website=indiaglitz.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2021
|''Blacksheep Awards''
|Entertaining Star Couple
| rowspan="2" |Hussain Manimegalai YouTube Channel
|{{Won}}
|Received along with her husband Hussain<ref>{{Cite web |title=1 மில்லியனை நெருங்கும் 'குக் வித் கோமாளி' மணிமேகலை.. ட்ரெண்டிங்கிலும் இவர்தான்! |url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/lifestyle/cook-with-comali-manimegalai-hussain-youtube-channel-tamil-news/ |access-date=20 June 2021 |website=Indian Express Tamil |language=ta-IN}}</ref>
|-
|''Behindwoods Gold Icon Awards''
|Best Digital Content Creator
|{{Won}}
|Received along with her husband Hussain<ref>{{Cite web |last=Butala |first=Tirtha |date=8 March 2021 |title=Behindwoods Gold Icons 2021 Award Winners |url=https://bigtechnologytrends.com/index.php/2021/03/08/behindwoods-gold-icons-2021-award-winners/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518054729/https://bigtechnologytrends.com/index.php/2021/03/08/behindwoods-gold-icons-2021-award-winners/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=18 May 2021 |access-date=19 June 2021 |website=Big Technology Trends |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Vijay Television Awards]]''
|Favourite Comedian (Non-fiction)
|Cooku with Comali, [[Star Vijay|Vijay TV]]
|{{Nominated}}
|Only female to be nominated in the category
|-
| rowspan="4" |2022
|''Blacksheep Awards''
|Favourite Star Couple Vlogger
| rowspan="2" |Hussain Manimegalai YouTube Channel
|{{Won}}
|Received along with her husband Hussain<ref>{{cite tweet |author=Black Sheep |user=BlackSheepTamil |number=1500438586444840964 |date=6 March 2022 |title=Favourite Star Couple Vlogger @iamManimegalai #Hussain 😍♥️ Blacksheep Digital Awards 2022🔥 #blacksheepdigitalawards #BlackSheepDigitalAwards #blacksheepdigitalawards2022 #blacksheep https://t.co/fUxJrwIuZy |language=en |access-date=20 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306120615/https://twitter.com/BlackSheepTamil/status/1500438586444840964 |archive-date=6 March 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|Galatta Digital Stars 2022
|Peoples Most Admired Couple on Digital Media
|{{Won}}
|Received along with her husband
|-
|''Galatta Iconic Women of Television 2022''
|Favourite Anchor
| rowspan="2" |[[Star Vijay|Vijay TV]]
|{{Nominated}}
|<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1497159543876653058 |user=galattadotcom |title=Women's day Celebration}}</ref> Award show honouring women of television on Women's day
|-
|''7th Annual [[Vijay Television Awards]]''
|Best Anchor - Female
|{{Nominated}}
|
|-
|2024
|Behindwoods Gold Icons
|Most Popular Person on Reality Television
|
|{{Won}}
|
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=12065962}}
*{{Instagram|id=iammanimegalai|name=Mani Megalai}}
*{{Facebook|id=iamManimegalai|name=Manimegalai}}
*{{Twitter|id=iamManimegalai|name=Manimegalai}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Television personalities from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian women television presenters]]
[[Category:Indian television talk show hosts]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Cooku with Comali|+]]

Jamalpur-Khadiya Assembly constituency

2026-04-28T05:15:54Z

Doonedu: New...

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Gujarat State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Jamalpur-Khadiya
| mla = [[Imran Khedawala]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = Gujarat
| district = [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Ahmedabad West Lok Sabha constituency|Ahmedabad West]]
| established = 2007
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:217940}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 18 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|2}}
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 52
}}

'''Jamalpur-Khadiya''' is one of the 182 [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Gujarat]] state in [[India]].<ref name=gjceo>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125011107/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2014 |title=Parliament / Assembly constituency wise PS & Electors Detail - Draft Roll - 2014 |access-date= 1 June 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly Constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref> It is part of [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]] district and is a segment of [[Ahmedabad West Lok Sabha constituency]].

==List of segments==

This assembly seat represents the following segments,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date= 5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref>

# Ahmedabad City Taluka (Part) – Ahmedabad
# Municipal Corporation (Part) Ward No. – 1, 5, 6, 39.

==Members of Vidhan Sabha==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| [[Bhushan Bhatt]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Imran Khedawala]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress | rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]

|}

==Election results==
=== 2026 ===
<section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly election, 2022]]:Jamalpur-Khadiya Assembly constituency <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2023 |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2022|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref><ref name="Gujarat Elections ECI">{{cite web |title=Gujarat Legislative Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Imran Khedawala]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 58487
|percentage = 45.88
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Bhusan Ashokbhai Bhatt
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 44829
|percentage = 35.17
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Sabirbhai Kabliwala]]
|party = All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen
|votes = 15677
|percentage = 12.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Harunbhai. F. Nagori
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|votes = 5887
|percentage = 4.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 1534
|percentage = 1.2
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 13,658
|percentage = 10.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:213025}}
|ref=
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2022"/>

===2017===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]: Jamalpur-Khadiya<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3841-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2017 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 11 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Imran Khedawala]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 75,346
|percentage = 58.24
|change = +24.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Bhushan Bhatt]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 46,007
|percentage = 35.56
|change = -3.07
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Habibbhai Imamuddin Sheikh
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|votes = 3,474
|percentage = 2.69
|change = ''New''
}}

{{Election box majority|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,29,374
|percentage = 65.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors ={{formatnum:198179}}
|ref= <ref name=election2017/>
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]: Jamalpur-Khadiya}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Bhushan Bhatt]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 48,058
|percentage = 38.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Samirkhan Sipai
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 41,727
|percentage = 33.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Sabirbhai Kabliwala
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 30,513
|percentage =24.52
|change =
}}

{{Election box majority|
|votes = 6,331
|percentage = 5.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,24,417
|percentage = 68.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2007===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]: Jamalpur-Khadiya}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Sabirbhai Kabliwala]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 44,870
|percentage =
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Dharmendra Shah
|party = BJP
|votes = 25,961
|percentage =
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Chhipa Mustaqbhai Yakubbhai
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 1,954
|percentage =
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Sargara Rohit Ragaji
|party = Independent
|votes = 1,641
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Narendra Sankhaliya
|party = LSWP
|votes = 687
|percentage =
|change =

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Chauhan Girishbhai Jivabhai
|votes = 554
|percentage =
|change =

}}

{{Election box majority
|party = INC
|candidate =
|votes = 18,909
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 44,870
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Ahmedabad district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Gujarat Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Gujarat}}
{{Gujarat elections|state=collapsed}}

{{coord|23.01|72.59|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Ahmedabad district]]
[[Category:Politics of Gujarat]]
[[Category:2007 establishments in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2007]]

2004–05 National Football League (India)

2026-04-27T18:11:47Z

Doonedu:

{{Short description|9th season of National Football League}}
{{Infobox football league season
| competition = [[National Football League (India)|National Football League]]
| season = 2004–05
| dates = 12 January – 21 May 2005
| winners = [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]] 1st NFL title 1st [[List of Indian football champions|Indian title]]
| runners-up = [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
| relegated = [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]] [[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]] [[SBI Kerala (Football Club)|State Bank of Travancore]] [[Tollygunge Agragami F.C.|Tollygunge Agragami]]
| continentalcup1 =
| continentalcup1 qualifiers =
| continentalcup2 = [[2006 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]]
| continentalcup2 qualifiers = Dempo Mahindra United
| continentalcup3 =
| continentalcup3 qualifiers =
| league topscorer = [[Dudu Omagbemi]] (21 goals)<ref name="rediff1"/>
| biggest home win = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] 5–0 Tollygunge Agragami {{small|(15 February 2005)}}<ref>{{cite news |title=East Bengal crush Tollygunge 5-0 |url=http://in.rediff.com/sports/2005/feb/15nfl.htm |access-date=22 October 2018 |work=Rediff.com |date=15 February 2005}}</ref> Vasco 5–0 Tollygunge Agragami {{small|(23 March 2005)}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Vasco thrash Tollygunge |url=http://in.rediff.com/sports/2005/mar/23nfl.htm |access-date=22 October 2018 |work=Rediff.com |date=23 March 2005}}</ref>
| biggest away win = Dempo 0–4 [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]] {{small|(16 March 2005)}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Sporting rout Dempo |url=http://in.rediff.com/sports/2005/mar/16nfl.htm |access-date=22 October 2018 |work=Rediff.com |date=16 March 2005}}</ref> Churchill Brothers 0–4 Sporting Goa {{small|(31 March 2005)}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Sporting thrash Churchill Brothers |url=http://in.rediff.com/sports/2005/apr/01nfl.htm |access-date=22 October 2018 |work=Rediff.com |date=1 April 2005}}</ref> Tollygunge Agragami 0–4 [[Mohun Bagan]] {{small|(5 May 2005)}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Bagan rout Tollygunge |url=http://in.rediff.com/sports/2005/may/05nfl.htm |access-date=22 October 2018 |work=Rediff.com |date=5 May 2005}}</ref>
| highest scoring = {{nobreak|[[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]] 3–4 State Bank of Travancore}} {{small|(14 January 2005)}}<ref>{{cite news |title=SBT back with a bang |url=http://in.rediff.com/sports/2005/jan/14nfl1.htm |access-date=22 October 2018 |work=Rediff.com |date=14 January 2005}}</ref> Sporting Goa 5–2 Vasco {{small|(29 April 2005)}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Sporting Clube rout Vasco |url=http://in.rediff.com/sports/2005/apr/29nfl1.htm |access-date=22 October 2018 |work=Rediff.com |date=29 April 2005}}</ref>
| total goals =
| average goals =
| longest wins =
| longest unbeaten =
| longest losses =
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| average attendance =
| prevseason = [[2003–04 National Football League (India)|2003–04]]
| nextseason = [[2005–06 National Football League (India)|2005–06]]
}}
The '''2004–05 National Football League''' was the ninth season of the [[National Football League (India)|National Football League]], the top Indian professional league for association football clubs, since its inception in 1996. 12 teams took part in the season. [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]] won the league<ref name="rediff1">{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/nflroll.htm |title=National Football League |publisher=rediff.com |access-date=2014-04-07}}</ref> by scoring 47 points in 22 matches. [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]] won the second position by scoring 45 points in 22 matches.<ref name="rediff1"/> [[Dudu Omagbemi]] of Sporting Clube de Goa was the highest goal scorer of the league (21).<ref name="rediff1"/>

==Overview==
It was contested by 12 teams,State Bank of Travancore (SBT) and Fransa FC were promoted from NFL 2. [[Dempo|Dempo]] won the championship and this was their first title. Sporting Goa came second and East Bengal came third. Churchill Brothers Sc, Vasco S C, State Bank of Travancore (SBT) and Tollygunge Agragami were relegated from the National Football League -2.
==League standings==
{{Location map+|India |width=400|float=right|caption=Locations of teams in the 2004–05 National Football League|places={{Location map~ |India |lat=31.22000|long=75.77000 |label=[[JCT FC|JCT Mills]]|position=right }}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=8.5241|long=76.9366 |label=[[SBI Kerala (football team)|SBT Kerala]]|position=left}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=18.97500|long=72.82583 |label=[[Mahindra United FC|Mahindra United]]|position=left}}


{{Location map~ |India3 |lat=22.56972 |long=88.36972 |label= <div style="font-size:90%;">{{nobreak|Kolkata}}</div>|mark=Blue pog.svg|position=left}}

{{Location map~ |India3 |mark=TransparentPlaceholder.png |marksize=1 |lat=19.00 |long=86.00 |label=<div style="font-size:90%;">'''{{nobreak|[[Football in Kolkata|Kolkata]] clubs:}}''' 
{{nobreak|[[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]}} 
{{nobreak|[[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]]}} 
{{nobreak|[[Tollygunge Agragami FC|Tollygunge Agragami]]}} 
</div>
|position=right}}


{{Location map~ |India3 |lat=15.49300|long=73.81800 |label= <div style="font-size:90%;">{{nobreak|Goa}}</div>|mark=Blue pog.svg|position=left}}

{{Location map~ |India3 |mark=TransparentPlaceholder.png |marksize=1 |lat=13.00 |long=86.00 |label=<div style="font-size:90%;">'''{{nobreak|[[Goa]] clubs:}}''' 
{{nobreak|[[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]]}} 
{{nobreak|[[Dempo SC|Dempo]]}} 
{{nobreak|[[Fransa-Pax FC|Fransa Pax]]}} 
{{nobreak|[[Salgaocar FC|Salgaocar]]}} 
{{nobreak|[[SC de Goa|Sporting Goa]]}} 
{{nobreak|[[Vasco SC|Vasco]]}} 
</div>
|position=right}}}}{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|res_col_header=Q
|show_limit=5
|sortable_table=y

|team1=DEM|name_DEM=[[Dempo Sports Club|Dempo]]
|team2=SCG|name_SCG=[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
|team3=EB |name_EB =[[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
|team4=MAH|name_MAH=[[Mahindra United]]
|team5=FP |name_FP =[[Fransa Pax FC|Fransa Pax]]
|team6=SAL|name_SAL=[[Salgaocar Sports Club|Salgaocar]]
|team7=JCT|name_JCT=[[JCT FC|JCT Mills]]
|team8=MB |name_MB =[[Mohun Bagan]]
|team9=CB |name_CB =[[Churchill Brothers Sports Club|Churchill Brothers]]
|team10=VAS|name_VAS=[[Vasco Sports Club|Vasco]]
|team11=SBT|name_SBT=[[SBI Kerala (football team)|SBT Kerala]]
|team12=TA |name_TA =[[Tollygunge Agragami]]

|win_DEM=14|draw_DEM=5|loss_DEM=3|gf_DEM=28|ga_DEM=17
|win_SCG=14|draw_SCG=3|loss_SCG=5|gf_SCG=46|ga_SCG=23
|win_EB =13|draw_EB =4|loss_EB =5|gf_EB =34|ga_EB =16
|win_MAH=8|draw_MAH=11|loss_MAH=3|gf_MAH=29|ga_MAH=21
|win_FP =8|draw_FP =6|loss_FP =8|gf_FP =24|ga_FP =26
|win_SAL=7|draw_SAL=7|loss_SAL=8|gf_SAL=26|ga_SAL=24
|win_JCT=7|draw_JCT=7|loss_JCT=8|gf_JCT=19|ga_JCT=19
|win_MB =5|draw_MB =8|loss_MB =9|gf_MB =16|ga_MB =19
|win_CB =5|draw_CB =8|loss_CB =9|gf_CB =23|ga_CB =33
|win_VAS=5|draw_VAS=5|loss_VAS=12|gf_VAS=25|ga_VAS=37
|win_SBT=4|draw_SBT=6|loss_SBT=12|gf_SBT=24|ga_SBT=34
|win_TA =3|draw_TA =8|loss_TA =11|gf_TA =20|ga_TA =45

|update=complete
|source=[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india05.html rsssf.com]
|status_CB=R|status_SBT=R|status_TA=R|status_VAS=R|status_DEM=C
}}

== Season awards ==
The following awards were given at the conclusion of the season. [[Dudu Omagbemi]] of Sporting Clube, who scored 21 goals, was named the best player and best forward for the season.<ref>{{cite news |title=Omagbemi adjudged best |url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/2005/may/27nfl.htm |access-date=21 October 2018 |work=Rediff.com |date=27 May 2005}}</ref>

{| class=wikitable
! Award
! Recipient
! Club
|-
| Best Player
| [[Dudu Omagbemi]]
| Sporting Goa
|-
| Best Forward
| Dudu Omagbemi
| Sporting Goa
|-
| Best Midfielder
| [[Climax Lawrence]]
| East Bengal
|-
| Best Goalkeeper
| Satish Kumar
| Dempo
|-
| Best Defender
| [[Mahesh Gawli]]
| Mahindra United
|-
| Fair Play
| colspan=2 style="text-align:center;"|JCT Mills
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india05.html 9th National Football League] at [[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]]
* [http://www.rediff.com/sports/nfl04-05.htm League home] at [[Rediff.com]]

{{National Football League seasons (India)}}
{{I-League seasons}}
{{2004–05 in Indian football}}
{{2004 in Asian football (AFC)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2004-05 Indian National Football League}}
[[Category:National Football League (India) seasons]]
[[Category:2004–05 in Indian football|1]]
[[Category:2004–05 in Asian association football leagues|India]]

R. Lalthangliana

2026-04-25T16:52:46Z

Doonedu: started new post needs work.

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Dr. R. Lalthangliana
| native_name =
| image = Dr. R. Lalthangliana.jpg
| caption =
| office1 = Member of [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = 14 November 2025
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = [[Lalrintluanga Sailo]]
| successor1 =
| constituency1 = [[Dampa (Legislative Assembly constituency)|Dampa]]
| term_start2 = 2018
| term_end2 = 2023
| predecessor2 = John Siamkunga
| successor2 = [[Jeje Lalpekhlua]]
| constituency2 = [[South Tuipui (Legislative Assembly constituency)|South Tuipui]]
| party = [[Mizo National Front]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1956|08|06|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Lunglei]], [[Mizoram]], [[India]]
| other_party =
| alma_mater = [[North-Eastern Hill University]]
| profession =
| spouse = Ngurmawii
| father = R Dengchhunga
| mother =
}}

'''R. Lalthangliana''' is a [[Mizo people|Mizo]] politician and academic in [[Mizoram]], India. He is former Cabinet Minister in the [[Mizo National Front]] ministry and held the portfolios of Health, Higher & Technical Education and Commerce & Industries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Council of Ministers |url=http://mizoram.nic.in/gov/minister.htm |website=Mizoram.nic.in |accessdate=10 March 2020}}</ref> He had been elected to the [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly]] from the [[South Tuipui (Legislative Assembly constituency)|South Tuipui]] constituency.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dr. R. Lalthangliana Biography |url=https://www.elections.in/political-leaders/dr.-r.-lalthangliana.html |website=elections in |accessdate=10 March 2020}}</ref> He lost to [[Jeje Lalpekhlua]] in the 2023 MLA Election.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mizoram Health Minister R Lalthangliana loses to ZPM's Jeje |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/105720213.cms?from=mdr |website=timesofindia.com |access-date=28 December 2023}}</ref> He was elected in 2025 by-election from [[Dampa Assembly constituency]].

==Career==
Dr. R Lalthangliana started his career teaching in [[Pachhunga University College]] and was Assistant professor before he was elected to the [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{cite web |title=PUC Sociology |url=https://sites.google.com/site/pucsociology/ |website=PUC Website |accessdate=10 March 2020}}</ref> He has been elected to the [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly]] in 1989, 1993, 1998, 2003 and 2008.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bio data of Dr R Lalthangliana |url=http://mizoram.nic.in/gov/mla/mla9.htm |website=Mizoram.nic.in |accessdate=10 March 2020}}</ref> He was elected in a bypoll in 2025 also.

==Education==
He has completed his high school in Serkawn Christian School and completed his BA in St. Edmunds College in 1978 after which he completed his M.A. in [[NEHU]] in 1980 in Shillong after which he completed his Ph.D. from [[North-Eastern Hill University]] in Sociology.<ref>{{cite web |title=Occupational mobility among the Mizos |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/61537 |website=Shodhganga |accessdate=10 March 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lalthangliana, R}}
[[Category:Politicians from Mizoram]]
[[Category:People from Lunglei district]]
[[Category:Mizoram academics]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Mizo people]]
[[Category:Mizo National Front politicians]]
[[Category:North-Eastern Hill University alumni]]
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Mizoram MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Mizoram MLAs 2023–2028]]

{{Mizoram-politician-stub}}

Hayeng Mangfi

2026-04-19T11:14:09Z

Doonedu: Created

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Hayeng Mangfi
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image =
| caption =
| constituency_AM = [[Chayangtajo Assembly constituency|Chayangtajo]]
| assembly = Arunachal Pradesh Legislative
| term_start = 11 April 2019
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Karya Bagang]] ([[Indian National Congress|INC]])
| successor =
| majority = 634([[2019 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]])
| birth_name = Hayeng Mangfi
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| parents =
| relatives =
| spouse =
| children =
| citizenship =
| party = {{plainlist|
[[Janata Dal (United)]] (JD (U)) ({{nbnd}}?)
[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
}}
| other_party =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| profession =
}}

'''Hayang Mangfi''' is an Indian politician who is serving as a member of the [[Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] since 2019.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title= Arunachal Pradesh Election Results 2019|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/arunachal-pradesh/results |access-date=30 May 2024 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Arunachal appoints 17 advisors for ministers">{{cite news|title=Arunachal appoints 17 advisors for ministers|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/arunachal-pradesh-appoints-17-advisors-for-ministers/articleshow/111097664.cms|accessdate=17 May 2025|publisher=The Times of India|date=19 June 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517085923/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/arunachal-pradesh-appoints-17-advisors-for-ministers/articleshow/111097664.cms|archivedate=17 May 2025}}</ref><ref name="Seven MLAs switch over to BJP in Arunachal Pradesh2">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |date=25 December 2020 |title=Seven MLAs switch over to BJP in Arunachal Pradesh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/seven-mlas-switch-over-to-bjp-in-arunachal-pradesh/article33415732.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517093421/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/seven-mlas-switch-over-to-bjp-in-arunachal-pradesh/article33415732.ece |archive-date=17 May 2025 |access-date=17 May 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="Nitish Kumar's JDU suffers setback as 6 of its MLAs join BJP in Arunachal">{{cite news |date=25 December 2020 |title=Nitish Kumar's JDU suffers setback as 6 of its MLAs join BJP in Arunachal |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nitish-kumar-jdu-setback-6-mlas-join-bjp-arunachal-1753152-2020-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517095429/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nitish-kumar-jdu-setback-6-mlas-join-bjp-arunachal-1753152-2020-12-25 |archive-date=17 May 2025 |access-date=17 May 2025 |publisher=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Six JD(U) MLAs join BJP in Arunachal; Nitish downplays setback">{{cite news |date=25 December 2020 |title=Six JD(U) MLAs join BJP in Arunachal; Nitish downplays setback |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/jdu-setback-arunachal-six-mlas-join-bjp-7119786/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517095402/https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/jdu-setback-arunachal-six-mlas-join-bjp-7119786/ |archive-date=17 May 2025 |access-date=17 May 2025 |work=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Arunachal Assembly will have 20 first time MLAs">{{cite news|title=Arunachal Assembly will have 20 first time MLAs|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/arunachal-assembly-will-have-20-first-time-mlas-736043.html|accessdate=19 May 2025|publisher=Deccan Herald|date=25 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250519173615/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/arunachal-assembly-will-have-20-first-time-mlas-736043.html|archivedate=19 May 2025|language=en}}</ref>

{{clear}}

==Election results==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em ; font-size:95%"
|+'''[[Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]'''
!|Year
!|Constituency
! colspan=2|Candidate
!|Votes
!|Pct
! colspan=2|Opponent(s)
!|Votes
!|Pct
!|Ballots cast
!|Majority
|-
| rowspan=3|[[2019 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title= CHAYANG TAJO Assembly Election Results 2019|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/arunachal-pradesh/constituency-show/chayang-tajo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530152258/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/arunachal-pradesh/constituency-show/chayang-tajo |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 May 2024 |access-date=30 May 2024 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en}}</ref>
| rowspan=3|'''No.9 [[Chayangtajo Assembly constituency|Chayangtajo]]'''
| rowspan=3 {{Party shading/Green}} |
| rowspan=3|'''Hayeng Mangfi''' ([[Janata Dal (United)|'''JD (U)''']])
| rowspan=3 align=right|'''5,435'''
| rowspan=3|'''52.46%'''
|bgcolor={{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} |
|Laching Kacha Yangfo ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
| align=right|4,801
|46.34%
| rowspan=3|10,931
| rowspan=3|634
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|Joro Doka ([[Indian National Congress|INC]])
| align=right|82
| align=right|0.79%
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|White}} |
|None of the above
| align=right|43
| align=right|0.42%
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mangfi, Hayeng}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Arunachal Pradesh MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Arunachal Pradesh MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Janata Dal (United) politicians from Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Marupadi

2026-04-18T10:52:36Z

Doonedu:

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Marupadi
| image = Marupadi-Malayalam-Movie-Review-Poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[V. M. Vinu]]
| producer = Ashraf Bedi
| writer = Julaina Ashraf
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]]
* [[Bhama Kurup|Bhama]]
* [[Nayanthara Chakravarthy]]
}}
| music = [[Gopi Sundar]]
| cinematography = [[Venugopal Madathil]]
| editing = K. R. Midhun
| studio = Bedi Motion Pictures
| distributor = Ullattil Visual Media
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2016|12|09}}
| runtime = 132 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''Marupadi''''' ({{Translation|Reply}}) is a 2016 Indian [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by [[V. M. Vinu]]. It stars [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]], [[Bhama Kurup|Bhama]] and [[Nayanthara Chakravarthy]] in the lead roles. The film is produced by Ashraf Bedi under the banner of Bedi Motion Pictures. The film was released on 9 December 2016.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://en.msidb.org/m.php?8227|title=Marupadi [2016]|website=en.msidb.org|access-date=2016-12-30|archive-date=24 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224030238/http://en.msidb.org/m.php?8227|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/movies/marupadi.html|title=Marupadi (Marupady) Malayalam Movie, Marupadi Movie Review, Wiki, Story, Release Date - FilmiBeat|website=FilmiBeat|access-date=2016-12-30}}</ref>

== Synopsis ==
The film is inspired by a real-life incident from North India and follows a family relentlessly pursued by authority and the legal system. It centers on Aby, a bank employee, his wife Sara—an orphan—and their teenage daughter Riya, who live a quiet and content life.

Their lives take a drastic turn when Aby is transferred to Kolkata as a punishment due to issues at his workplace. While traveling to their new home, their car is stopped by the anti-narcotics squad, who claim to find drugs inside. This leads to the family’s arrest and imprisonment.

Inside jail, Sara and Riya endure harassment and abuse from both police officers and fellow inmates. The film sharply criticizes the failures of the legal and social systems, showing how innocent lives can be destroyed by misuse of power. It also highlights the harsh realities faced by women and children in contemporary society.

== Cast ==
* [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]] as Aby / Abraham
* [[Bhama Kurup|Bhama]] as Sara Elizabeth, Aby's wife
* [[Nayanthara Chakravarthy]] as Riya, Aby's daughter
* [[Anu Sithara]] as Riya
* Santosh Keezhattoor as Aby's friend
* [[Arjun Nandhakumar]] as Vijay
* [[Virginia Rodrigues (actress)|Virginia Rodrigues]] as Psychiatrist
* [[Tessa Joseph]]
* Srinda Ashab
* [[Valsala Menon]]
* [[Janardhanan (actor)|Janardhanan]]
* [[Shivaji Guruvayoor]]
* [[M.G. Sasi]]
* [[Krishna Kumar (actor)|Krishna Kumar]]
* [[Devan (actor)|Devan]]
* [[Baby Meenakshi|Meenakshi]]
* Sudip Mukherjee

== Soundtrack ==
The [[soundtrack]] for the film was composed by [[M. Jayachandran]] and the [[background score]] was scored by [[Gopi Sundar]], with lyrics penned by [[Rafeeq Ahamed]].<ref name=":0" />
{{Infobox album
| name = Marupadi
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[M. Jayachandran]]
| cover = File:Marupadi DVD cover.jpg
| alt =
| caption = DVD cover
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|11|21}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film Soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=12|s=38}}
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| label = Millennium audios
| producer =
| prev_title = Mohavalayam
| prev_year = 2016
| next_title = [[Munthirivallikal Thalirkkumbol]]
| next_year = 2017
}}

=== Track listing ===
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_music = [[M. Jayachandran]]
| total_length = 12:38
| headline =
| title1 = Ee Poovithal
| extra1 = [[M. Jayachandran]]
| length1 = 3:59
| title2 = Melle Vannupoyi
| extra2 = Varsha Vinu
| length2 = 4:25
| title3 = Ponjilanji Chottile
| extra3 = [[Shweta Mohan]]
| length3 = 4:14
}}

== Reception ==
Deepa Soman for ''[[The Times of India]]'' stated, "With its fair share of pitfalls and loopholes, our legal justice system has been existing in our midst, to make important decisions on people lives, for long. When women are at its receiving end, the system gets a lot more skewed. ''Marupadi'', a film by V.M. Vinu, typifies such a frightful situation, demanding some scary answers and solutions if any".<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/Marupadi/movie-review/55894985.cms|title=Marupadi|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2016-12-30}}{{Rating|2.5|5}}</ref> ''Filmihood.com'' rated the movie 3 out of 5.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.filmihood.com/reviews/marupadi-malayalam-movie-review-rating/|title=Marupadi Malayalam Movie Review & Rating - FilmiHood|date=2016-12-09|newspaper=FilmiHood|language=en-US|access-date=2016-12-31}}{{Rating|3|5}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Facebook|MarupadiMovie}}
* {{IMDb title|6326420}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Marupadi}}
[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:2016 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Films directed by V. M. Vinu]]

Heggadadevankote Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:07:16Z

Doonedu: Stub

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Karnataka State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Heggadadevankote
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 213
| map_image = 213-Heggadadevankote constituency.svg
| map_caption = Map of Assembly constituency
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Mysore district|Mysore]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Chamarajanagar Lok Sabha constituency|Chamarajanagar]]
| established = 1961
| reservation = ST
| electors = {{formatnum:225857}} (2023)<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/15163-karnataka-2023/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=24 July 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2028|7}}
| mla = [[Anil Chikkamadhu]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[Chikkamadu S.|S. Chikkamadu]]
}}

[[File:Heggadadevanakote (Taluk) 2011.jpg|thumb|Taluk boundary same as Assembly constituency as per 2011 Census]]
[[File:ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCY MAP - MYSORE DISTRICT.pdf|thumb|Assembly Constituencies of Mysore district]]

'''Heggadadevankote Assembly constituency''' is one of the 224 [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Karnataka]] in [[India]].<ref name=electors2019>{{cite web |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PCELE2019/GE2019_VOTERS_COUNT.pdf |title=Karnataka Loksabha Elections - 2019 - Voters Count |website=ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in |accessdate= 10 February 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Mysore district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || rowspan="3" | R. Peeranna || {{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Susheela Cheluvaraj || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || H. B. Chaluvaiah || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || [[Kote M. Shivanna]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || M. P. Ventatesh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || Nagaraju. N || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || [[Kote M. Shivanna]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || M. P. Ventatesh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|-
| [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || Chikkanna || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || [[Chikkamadu S.]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|-
| [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || rowspan="2" | [[Anil Chikkamadhu]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Heggadadevankote <ref name=election2023/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Anil Chikkamadhu]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 84,359 |percentage = 46.26% |change = {{increase}}1.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. M. Krishnanayaka |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 49,420 |percentage = 27.10% |change = {{increase}}6.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jayaprakasha Chikkanna |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 43,519 |percentage = 23.86% |change = {{decrease}}8.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,184 |percentage = 0.65% |change = {{decrease}}0.28 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 34,939 |percentage = 19.16% |change = {{increase}}6.24 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 182,390 |percentage = 80.75% |change = {{increase}}1.15 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 182,371}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 225,857 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.10 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}1.45 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Heggadadevankote <ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/6933-karnataka-2018/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |accessdate= 4 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Anil Chikkamadhu]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 76,652 |percentage = 44.81% |change = {{increase}}19.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chikkanna |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 54,559 |percentage = 31.90% |change = {{decrease}}2.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Siddaraju |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 34,425 |percentage = 20.13% |change = {{decrease}}2.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = J. K. Gopala |party = Bharatiya Republican Paksha |votes = 1,763 |percentage = 1.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,596 |percentage = 0.93% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 22,093 |percentage = 12.92% |change = {{increase}}4.06 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 171,061 |percentage = 79.60% |change = {{increase}}2.30 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 171,053}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 214,900 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.47 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Dal (Secular) |swing = {{increase}}10.34 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2013 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Heggadadevankote <ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 : To the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2014-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220034253/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Chikkamadu S.]] |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 48,606 |percentage = 34.47% |change = {{increase}}16.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chikkanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 36,108 |percentage = 25.61% |change = {{decrease}}8.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Siddaraju |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 31,248 |percentage = 22.16% |change = {{decrease}}2.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = J. K. Gopala |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 18,269 |percentage = 12.96% |change = {{increase}}4.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. H. V. Krishnaswamy |party = Karnataka Janata Paksha |votes = 11,494 |percentage = 8.15% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Somanna. L |party = Badavara Shramikara Raitara Congress |votes = 3,192 |percentage = 2.26% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,498 |percentage = 8.86% |change = {{decrease}}1.14 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 149,019 |percentage = 77.30% |change = {{increase}}9.08 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 141,009}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 192,789 |ref = |change = {{increase}}4.90 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal (Secular) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}0.01 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Heggadadevankote <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election Karnataka Legislative Assembly 2008 Election Statistics |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |publisher=Government of Karnataka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201232433/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Chikkanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 43,222 |percentage = 34.48% |change = {{increase}}10.76 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Chikaveeranayaka |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 30,680 |percentage = 24.47% |change = {{decrease}}5.83 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. C. Doddanayaka |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 23,064 |percentage = 18.40% |change = {{decrease}}21.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. N. Devadatta |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 10,258 |percentage = 8.18% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Kavera |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,550 |percentage = 3.63% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Somanna. L |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,158 |percentage = 3.32% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Appanna |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,252 |percentage = 2.59% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Manjula Raju |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,600 |percentage = 1.28% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jaji |party = Sarvodaya Karnataka Paksha |votes = 1,548 |percentage = 1.23% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,542 |percentage = 10.00% |change = {{increase}}0.28 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 125,373 |percentage = 68.22% |change = {{decrease}}6.54 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 125,372}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 183,782 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.37 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Dal (Secular) |swing = {{decrease}}5.54 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Heggadadevankote <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = M. P. Ventatesh |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 50,729 |percentage = 40.02% |change = {{increase}}26.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nagaraju. N |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 38,412 |percentage = 30.30% |change = {{increase}}15.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Kote M. Shivanna]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 30,064 |percentage = 23.72% |change = {{decrease}}15.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vijayalakshmi Singh. S. G |party = Janata Party |votes = 2,528 |percentage = 1.99% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Veera Raju. C |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,115 |percentage = 1.67% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chowdalli Javaraiah |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation) |votes = 1,569 |percentage = 1.24% |change = {{decrease}}0.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivanagarya. M |party = Kannada Nadu Party |votes = 1,337 |percentage = 1.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,317 |percentage = 9.72% |change = {{decrease}}4.20 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 126,787 |percentage = 74.76% |change = {{decrease}}0.54 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 126,754}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 169,586 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.01 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal (Secular) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}0.43 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Heggadadevankote <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Kote M. Shivanna]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 45,136 |percentage = 39.59% |change = {{increase}}0.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. P. Ventatesh |party = Independent politician |votes = 29,268 |percentage = 25.67% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = C. Nanjunda Murthy |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 16,832 |percentage = 14.77% |change = {{increase}}12.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Devanooru Shivamallu |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 15,861 |percentage = 13.91% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivanagarya. M |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,076 |percentage = 1.82% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Prakash |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,977 |percentage = 1.73% |change = {{increase}}0.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Javaraiah |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation) |votes = 1,507 |percentage = 1.32% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. Nanjaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,341 |percentage = 1.18% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,868 |percentage = 13.92% |change = {{increase}}12.93 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 114,000 |percentage = 75.30% |change = {{increase}}1.70 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 113,998}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2 |percentage = 0.00% |change = {{decrease}}2.11 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 151,401 |ref = |change = {{increase}}4.92 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Dal |swing = {{decrease}}0.05 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Heggadadevankote <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Nagaraju. N |party = Janata Dal |votes = 41,208 |percentage = 39.64% |change = {{increase}}14.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Kote M. Shivanna]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 40,182 |percentage = 38.66% |change = {{increase}}6.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = C. Nanjunda Murthy |party = Kranti Sabha |votes = 12,442 |percentage = 11.97% |change = {{increase}}5.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. R. Narayana |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 3,948 |percentage = 3.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Radha |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 2,534 |percentage = 2.44% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Ramaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,542 |percentage = 1.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. S. Devaraju |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,351 |percentage = 1.30% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,026 |percentage = 0.99% |change = {{decrease}}1.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 106,208 |percentage = 73.60% |change = {{decrease}}0.96 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 103,947}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,242 |percentage = 2.11% |change = {{decrease}}8.37 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 144,303 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.94 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}4.84 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Heggadadevankote <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = M. P. Ventatesh |party = Janata Party |votes = 29,676 |percentage = 34.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Kote M. Shivanna]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 27,507 |percentage = 32.25% |change = {{decrease}}7.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. B. Chaluvaiah |party = Janata Dal |votes = 21,573 |percentage = 25.30% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pushapavathy |party = Kranti Sabha |votes = 5,161 |percentage = 6.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Madaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 692 |percentage = 0.81% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,169 |percentage = 2.54% |change = {{increase}}0.02 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 95,272 |percentage = 74.56% |change = {{increase}}8.45 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 85,284}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 9,988 |percentage = 10.48% |change = {{increase}}8.67 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 127,775 |ref = |change = {{increase}}23.92 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}4.48 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Heggadadevankote <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Kote M. Shivanna]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 26,286 |percentage = 39.28% |change = {{increase}}17.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. B. Chaluvaiah |party = Janata Party |votes = 24,601 |percentage = 36.76% |change = {{decrease}}17.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. P. Ventatesh |party = Independent politician |votes = 12,719 |percentage = 19.00% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. K. Bettaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,152 |percentage = 3.22% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. N. Cheluvaraju |party = Independent politician |votes = 631 |percentage = 0.94% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,685 |percentage = 2.52% |change = {{decrease}}29.88 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 68,163 |percentage = 66.11% |change = {{decrease}}1.83 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 66,926}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,237 |percentage = 1.81% |change = {{decrease}}0.28 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 103,108 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.08 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}15.03 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Heggadadevankote <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = H. B. Chaluvaiah |party = Janata Party |votes = 33,840 |percentage = 54.31% |change = {{increase}}25.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Susheela |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 13,652 |percentage = 21.91% |change = {{increase}}15.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nagaraju. N |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,888 |percentage = 11.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Kote M. Shivanna]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,353 |percentage = 6.99% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Thimmaiah. C |party = Indian National Congress (Jagjivan) |votes = 1,596 |percentage = 2.56% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramasingaiah. S |party = Independent politician |votes = 726 |percentage = 1.17% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Govindaswamy. L. M |party = Independent politician |votes = 633 |percentage = 1.02% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. K. Bettaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 623 |percentage = 1.00% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 20,188 |percentage = 32.40% |change = {{increase}}13.05 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 63,641 |percentage = 67.94% |change = {{decrease}}2.47 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 62,311}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,330 |percentage = 2.09% |change = {{decrease}}1.12 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 93,669 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.71 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{increase}}6.06 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Heggadadevankote <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Susheela Cheluvaraj |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 27,821 |percentage = 48.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. B. Chaluvaiah |party = Janata Party |votes = 16,661 |percentage = 28.90% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. Peeranna |party = Independent politician |votes = 9,342 |percentage = 16.20% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. M. Doddaiah |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 3,836 |percentage = 6.65% |change = {{decrease}}41.90 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,160 |percentage = 19.35% |change = {{increase}}16.45 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 59,572 |percentage = 70.41% |change = {{increase}}8.07 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 57,660}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,912 |percentage = 3.21% |change = {{increase}}3.21 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 84,611 |ref = |change = {{increase}}19.61 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |swing = {{decrease}}3.20 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Heggadadevankote <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = R. Peeranna |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 21,859 |percentage = 51.45% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. B. Chaluvaiah |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 20,628 |percentage = 48.55% |change = {{decrease}}19.42 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,231 |percentage = 2.90% |change = {{decrease}}42.96 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 44,101 |percentage = 62.34% |change = {{increase}}1.40 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 42,487}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 70,741 |ref = |change = {{increase}}33.03 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}16.52 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Heggadadevankote <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = R. Peeranna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 20,689 |percentage = 67.97% |change = {{increase}}36.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. B. Chaluvaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,732 |percentage = 22.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Kote M. Shivanna]] |party = Sanghata Socialist Party |votes = 3,016 |percentage = 9.91% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,957 |percentage = 45.86% |change = {{increase}}30.38 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 32,404 |percentage = 60.94% |change = {{increase}}2.25 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 30,437}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 53,175 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}6.28 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Swatantra Party |swing = {{increase}}20.73 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Heggadadevankote <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = R. Peeranna |party = Swatantra Party |votes = 14,788 |percentage = 47.24% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. Rachaiah |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 9,942 |percentage = 31.76% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Rachappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,573 |percentage = 21.00% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,846 |percentage = 15.48% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 33,299 |percentage = 58.69% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 31,303}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 56,738 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Swatantra Party |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Mysore district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Karnataka}}

{{coord|12.09|76.33|display=title}}

[[Category:Mysore district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1961]]
[[Category:1961 establishments in Mysore State]]

Barari Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:53:46Z

Doonedu: Creating New Article And Citations.

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Barari
|type= SLA
| map_image = 68-Barari constituency.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
|region =
|state = [[Bihar]]
|district =
|division =
| loksabha_cons =
|constituency_no = [[List of constituencies of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|-]]
|established = 1957
| reservation = None
|abolished = 
|mla = [[Bijay Singh]] 
|party = {{Party index link|Janata Dal (United)}}
|alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| latest_election_year = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]] 
| electors = 279,756
}}

'''Barari Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Katihar district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]].It is located near the banks of Kosi river. Nearest railway station is Karhagola Road. Laxmipur aitihashik gurudwara is also located here.

==Overview==
As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No 68. Barari Assembly constituency is composed of the following: Barari, Sameli and Kursela [[Community Development Block in India|community development blocks]].<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 2011-01-10 }}</ref>

Barari Assembly constituency is part of No 11 [[Katihar (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=commission/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name<ref name="election2020">{{Cite web |title=Kadwa Election and Results 2020, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/kadwa.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| rowspan="3" |Vasudev Prasad Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
|[[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
| rowspan="2" |Muhamad Sakoor
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|-
|[[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Vasudev Prasad Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Karuneshwar Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|[[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Mansoor Alam
|{{Full party name with color|Lokdal}}
|-
|[[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Prem Nath Jaiswal
|{{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
|[[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
| rowspan="2" |Mansoor Alam
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|Muhamad Sakoor
|{{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
|[[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
| rowspan="2" |Bibhas Chandra Choudhary
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]]
|-
|[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
|[[Neeraj Yadav (politician)|Neeraj Yadav]]
|{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
|[[Bijay Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)| dab=yes}}
|}

==Election results==
=== 2025 ===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Barari<ref name="election2025">{{Cite web |date=2025-12-15 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2020 |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/statistical-report/ae/2025/16 |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = [[Bijay Singh]]
|votes = {{formatnum:107842}}
|percentage = 47.18
|change = +2.47
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Tauquir Alam
|votes = {{formatnum:96858}}
|percentage = 42.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
|candidate = Md Matiur Rahman
|votes = {{formatnum:5846}}
|percentage = 2.56
|change = -1.05
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Shivpujan Paswan
|votes = {{formatnum:4962}}
|percentage = 2.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Suraaj Party
|candidate = Pritam Prasoon
|votes = {{formatnum:3026}}
|percentage = 1.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3047}}
|percentage = 1.33
|change = -0.67
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:10984}}
|percentage = 4.81
|change = -0.9
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:228594}}
|percentage = 81.71
|change = +14.48
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Janata Dal (United)
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 ===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Barari<ref name="election2020"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = [[Bijay Singh]]
|votes = {{formatnum:81752}}
|percentage = 44.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|candidate = Neeraj Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:71314}}
|percentage = 39.0
|change = -4.14
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Lok Janshakti Party
|candidate = Bibhash Chandra Choudhary
|votes = {{formatnum:7920}}
|percentage = 4.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
|candidate = Rakesh Kumar Raushan
|votes = {{formatnum:6598}}
|percentage = 3.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Srikant Mandal
|votes = {{formatnum:1943}}
|percentage = 1.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3652}}
|percentage = 2.0
|change = +0.58
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:10438}}
|percentage = 5.71
|change = -2.98
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:182851}}
|percentage = 67.23
|change = -2.37
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Janata Dal (United)
|loser = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2015 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Barari<ref name="election2015">{{cite web |date=2018-08-20 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2015 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3904-bihar-2015/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|candidate = Neeraj Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:71175}}
|percentage = 43.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Bibhash Chandra Choudhary
|votes = {{formatnum:56839}}
|percentage = 34.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = Muhammad Shakur
|votes = {{formatnum:11002}}
|percentage = 6.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Kailash Sahani
|votes = {{formatnum:8484}}
|percentage = 5.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Muhammad Israil
|votes = {{formatnum:3597}}
|percentage = 2.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Dinesh Prasad Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:2406}}
|percentage = 1.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Yugal Kishor Sah
|votes = {{formatnum:2078}}
|percentage = 1.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2344}}
|percentage = 1.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:14336}}
|percentage = 8.69
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:164998}}
|percentage = 69.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Bihar Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/68-bihar/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Bihar}}
{{Purnia Division topics}}

{{coord|25|32|26|N|87|24|26|E|region:IN-BR|display=inline,title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]
[[Category:Politics of Katihar district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Bihar]]

Katy Mirza

2026-04-05T05:46:46Z

Doonedu: Stub

{{Short description|Model and actress (1950–2017)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Katy Mirza
| image = Katy Mirza.png
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Katiya Mirza
| birth_date = {{Birth year|1950}}
| birth_place = [[Aden]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2017|3|18|1950|||df=y}}
| death_place = [[London]], United Kingdom
| other_names =
| spouse =
| children = 1
| occupation = Model, actress
| years_active =
| known_for = First [[Playboy Bunny]] of Indian descent
| movement =
| alma_mater =
| notable_works =
| awards =
}}

'''Katy Mirza''' (born '''Katiya Mirza'''; 1950 – 18 March 2017), was a model and actress. She gained international recognition in the 1970s as a [[Playboy Bunny]] at the [[Playboy Club]] in London, becoming one of the few women of Indian descent to do so.<ref name="Telegraph2017">{{Cite web |last=Kidwai |first=Rasheed |date=23 March 2017 |title=Playboy to Kissa Kursi Ka |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/playboy-to-kissa-kursi-ka/cid/1519262 |access-date=2026-04-04 |website=The Telegraph India}}</ref><ref name="Mirror2017">{{Cite web |last=Mohamed |first=Khalid |date=24 March 2017 |title=Katy Mirza, the Asli Braveheart |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/katy-mirza-the-asli-braveheart/articleshow/57801290.html |access-date=2026-04-04 |website=Mumbai Mirror}}</ref> Following her stint in London, she moved to [[Bombay]] to pursue a career in [[Bollywood]], appearing in films such as ''[[Kissa Kursi Ka]]'' (1978) and ''[[Kasme Vaade]]'' (1978).<ref name="Telegraph2017" /><ref name="Homegrown2022">{{Cite web |first=Samyukhtha |last=Sunil |date=21 February 2022 |title=From Playboy to Bollywood: The Illustrious Life Of Katy Mirza |url=https://homegrown.co.in/homegrown-explore/from-playboy-to-bollywood-the-illustrious-life-of-katy-mirza |access-date=2026-04-04 |website=Homegrown}}</ref>

==Early life==
Katiya Mirza was born in 1950 in [[Aden]] (modern-day [[Yemen]]) to the family of an Indian income tax commissioner.<ref name="Telegraph2017" /><ref name="Mirror2017" /> Her family relocated to the [[United Kingdom]] in the late 1960s. In 1972–73, she was studying to be a [[graphic designer]] in London. She then took a job as a receptionist at the London [[Hilton London Hyde Park|Hilton Hotel]].<ref name="Telegraph2017" /><ref name="Homegrown2022" />

==Career==
===Playboy and London years===
While working at the Hilton, Mirza was scouted by a Playboy Club employee and invited to audition.<ref name="Telegraph2017" /> After meeting [[Hugh Hefner]], she was hired as a [[Playboy Bunny]] in 1973, working at the London Playboy Club. She then frequently appeared on magazine covers and in photo spreads, becoming known for being an Asian woman in the London club scene.<ref name="Telegraph2017" /><ref name="Homegrown2022" />

===Bollywood and television===
Mirza's international fame led to offers from the Indian film industry. She moved to Bombay, where she worked for approximately seven years.<ref name="Homegrown2022" /> In 1978, she played the role of Ruby, a politician's secretary, in the political satire ''[[Kissa Kursi Ka]]''.<ref name="Telegraph2017" /> She also appeared in the [[Amitabh Bachchan]] starrer ''[[Kasme Vaade]]'' (1978) and had minor roles in films like ''Chalta Purza'' (1977).<ref name="Telegraph2017" /><ref name="Homegrown2022" />

Despite her high profile, Mirza struggled to secure leading roles and was often offered roles in B-grade films.<ref name="Mirror2017" /> She continued to model and appeared in television productions, including an episode of ''The Garland'' (1981) and ''The Magician of Samarkand'' (2006).<ref name="Telegraph2017" /><ref name="Homegrown2022" />

==Personal life==
Rumours suggested that she was in a relationship with [[Hussein bin Talal]], then King of Jordan.<ref name="Telegraph2017" /><ref name="Mirror2017" />

It was also rumoured that she had got her breast size surgically reduced by 10 inches. [[Shobhaa De]] referred to this as "Operation Bust" in her column, "Eyecatchers", in ''[[India Today]]'' in 1978.<ref name="Telegraph2017" />

Mirza was a single mother and had a son named Firoz.<ref name="Mirror2017" /> She maintained a home in Sussex and an apartment in [[Juhu]], Mumbai, which she visited frequently throughout her life.<ref name="Telegraph2017" /><ref name="Mirror2017" />

==Death==
Mirza died of cancer on 18 March 2017 at her home in central London at the age of 67. Her remains were cremated.<ref name="Mirror2017" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb person}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mirza, Katy}}
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:2017 deaths]]
[[Category:Playboy people]]

Meenda Sorgam

2026-04-01T15:01:14Z

Doonedu: new a data more to come

{{short description|1960 film by C. V. Sridhar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Meenda Sorgam.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[C. V. Sridhar|Sridhar]]
| writer = Sridhar
| producer = T. A. Dorairajan
| starring = [[Gemini Ganesan]] [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]]
| cinematography = [[A. Vincent]]
| editing = N. M. Shankar
| music = [[T. Chalapathi Rao]]
| studio = Madhuram Pictures
| released = {{film date|1960|7|29|df=y}}
| runtime = 180 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Meenda Sorgam''''' ({{translation|Paradise regained}})<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ganesh |first=Narayani |title=Eternal Romantic: My Father, Gemini Ganesan |publisher=[[Roli Books]] |year=2011 |isbn=978-81-7436-578-1 |pages=63}}</ref> is a 1960 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic musical film]], written and directed by [[C. V. Sridhar|Sridhar]]. The film stars [[Gemini Ganesan]] and [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]], with [[K. A. Thangavelu]], [[T. R. Ramachandran]], [[Tambaram Lalitha|N. Lalitha]] and [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] in supporting roles. It was released on 29 July 1960 and failed commercially.

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=December 2021}}
Nirmala is a poor but talented dancer who falls in love with Sekar, a rich man's son. But Sekar is forced into a marriage with Prathiba, a rich man's spoilt daughter. Inconsolable, Nirmala promises her lover that she will never give public performances. Due to various circumstances, Sekar's finances suffer losses and his house is put up for auction. To rescue him from a dire future, Nirmala breaks her promise and gives a dance performance. With the money thus earned, she saves his house. But Sekar is unaware of this. When he learns the truth, he begins searching for her. In the meantime, Prathiba, who is now reformed, commits suicide. Sekar locates Nirmala, who is on the verge of committing suicide, and they are reunited.

== Cast ==

{{Cast listing|* [[Gemini Ganesan]] as Sekhar
* [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] as Nirmala
* [[K. A. Thangavelu]] as Sachithanandham Pillai
* [[T. R. Ramachandran]] as Gopu
* [[Tambaram Lalitha|N. Lalitha]] as Prathiba
* [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] as Sachu
* K. N. Kamalam as Kamalam
* K. Nataraj as Nirmala's dance Teacher
* Sairam as Azhagu
* P. S. Venkatachalam as Duraisami}}

;Dance
* Sasi, Revathi, Sakunthala, Rita, Bala, Rajam, Jaya, Shantha, Jayanthi, Nirmala, Nalini, Mohana, Leela, Kamala, Nagu, Vittoba, and Rajeswari.

== Production ==

Madhuram Pictures initially began a film called ''Agal Vilakku'' ({{Translation|Clay lamp}}) with [[S. S. Rajendran]] and [[E. V. Saroja]] starring. [[C. V. Sridhar|Sridhar]] penned the script for that film; however, the film was dropped after the first filming schedule due to Saroja's pregnancy. The company decided to make a new film ''Meenda Sorgam'' and chose [[T. R. Raghunath]] as director and [[Gemini Ganesan]] and [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] as lead actors. However Raghunath wanted Rajendran as the lead and left the film due to uncertainty in finalising the lead actor which led the film's crew to insist Sridhar to direct this film.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஸ்ரீதர் |first=டைரக்டர் |author-link=C. V. Sridhar |date=1 December 1991 |title=மீண்ட சொர்க்கம்: வாழ்வில் திருப்பு முனை! |trans-title=''Meenda Sorgam'': A turning point in life! |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1991-12-01/page/n53/mode/2up? |access-date=13 February 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=52–53 |language=Tamil |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> The film was produced by T. A. Dorairajan, cinematography was handled by [[A. Vincent]], and editing by N. M. Shankar.<ref name="IE">{{Cite news |date=29 July 1960 |title=Meenda Sorgam |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19600729&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=20 September 2020 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=1 |language=en |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="Randor Guy">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=8 August 2015 |title='Meenda Sorgam' 1960 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/blast-from-the-past-meenda-sorgam/article7516330.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160523112622/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/blast-from-the-past-meenda-sorgam/article7516330.ece |archive-date=23 May 2016 |access-date=3 February 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> [[C. V. Rajendran]], a relative of Sridhar, joined the film as an assistant director, making this the first of many collaborations between him and Sridhar.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=8 September 2018 |title=In a flashback mode |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/In-a-flashback-mode/article14628558.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210601063450/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/In-a-flashback-mode/article14628558.ece |archive-date=1 June 2021 |access-date=14 July 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The scene where Padmini's character dances vigorously, causing a bell from one of her anklets to slip and hit a lamp hanging near a statue of [[Nataraja]], causing oil to splash and fall into the eyes of Nataraja to make him look like he was shedding tears, took as many as 20 retakes to perfect; despite this, the [[Central Board of Film Certification|censor board]] refused to allow the shot of Nataraja shedding tears in the final cut.<ref>{{Cite web |last=நரசிம்மன் |first=டி.ஏ. |date=4 May 2018 |title=சி(ரி)த்ராலயா 13: ஸ்ரீதரின் கற்பனைக்கு முதல் வெட்டு! |trans-title=Si(ri)thralaya: The first cut to Sridhar's imagination! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/127614-13.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260401031724/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/127614-13.html |archive-date=1 April 2026 |access-date=1 April 2026 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
Music was composed by [[T. Chalapathi Rao]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meenda Sorgam |url=http://gaana.com/album/Meenda-Sorgam |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303154711/http://gaana.com/album/Meenda-Sorgam |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=25 February 2016 |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Then Nilavu- Meenda Sorgam Tamil Film Audio Cassette |url=https://mossymart.com/product/then-nilavu-meenda-sorgam-tamil-film-audio-cassette/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021213106/https://mossymart.com/product/then-nilavu-meenda-sorgam-tamil-film-audio-cassette/ |archive-date=21 October 2021 |access-date=14 July 2022 |website=Mossymart |language=ta}}</ref> Sridhar signed on Rao as the composer after working with him in ''[[Amara Deepam (1956 film)|Amara Deepam]]'' (1956).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangaraj |first=R |date=19 November 2020 |title=Man who brought Andhra folk music, left ideals to Tamil films |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/man-who-brought-andhra-folk-music-left-ideals-to-tamil-films/articleshow/79293011.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129161803/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/man-who-brought-andhra-folk-music-left-ideals-to-tamil-films/articleshow/79293011.cms |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 July 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> He initially wanted [[Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram]] to write the lyrics, but could not hire the poet due to his death.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sri Kantha |first=Sachi |author-link=Sachi Sri Kantha |date=11 April 2010 |title=Poet Pattukottai Kalyanasundaram; 80th Birthday Remembrance |url=https://www.sangam.org/2010/04/Kalyanasundaram.php?uid=3916Sangam |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624175740/http://www.sangam.org/2010/04/Kalyanasundaram.php?uid=3916Sangam |archive-date=24 June 2018 |access-date=20 September 2020 |website=[[Ilankai Tamil Sangam]] |language=en}}</ref> The song "Kalaiyae En Vazhkaiyin" is set to [[Bageshri]] raga,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=16 March 2012 |title=A Raga's Journey – Bewitching Bhagesri |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-ragas-journey-bewitching-bhagesri/article3002530.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823075543/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-ragas-journey-bewitching-bhagesri/article3002530.ece |archive-date=23 August 2019 |access-date=23 August 2019 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref>{{Sfn |Sundararaman |2007 |p=135}} and "Aadum Arul Jothi" is set to [[Kalyani (raga)|Kalyani]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Venkataraman |first=Shankar |date=28 June 2018 |title=M.L. Vasanthakumar's impeccable style gave us many evergreen hits |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/mlvs-tryst-with-the-tinsel-world/article24278876.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250917065159/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/mlvs-tryst-with-the-tinsel-world/article24278876.ece |archive-date=17 September 2025 |access-date=14 July 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref>{{Sfn |Sundararaman |2007 |p=122}}

{| class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length
|-
| "Thulli Thulli Oduthe" || [[Jikki]] || || 03:22
|-
| "Aadum Arul Jothi" || [[M. L. Vasanthakumari]] & [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]] || K. S. Gopalakrishnan ||04:39
|-
| "Kalaiyae En Vazhkaiyin" (Male) || [[A. M. Rajah]] & [[P. Susheela]] (humming) || [[Kannadasan]] || 04:19
|-
| "Singara Thoppile" || [[P. Leela]] & [[S. Janaki]] || || 04:02
|-
| "Kalaiyae En Vazhkaiyin" (female) || P. Susheela || Kannadasan || 03:55
|-
| "Padmini Dance" || Instrumental || || 04:41
|-
| "Thuyilladha Penn Ondru" || A. M. Rajah & P. Susheela || || 03:34
|-
| "Mana Nattiya Medaiyil" || P. Susheela & A. M. Rajah || || 04:31
|-
| "Aangikam Bhuvanam" || M. L. Vasanthakumari || || 06:24
|}

== Release and reception ==
''Meenda Sorgam'' was released on 29 July 1960.<ref name="IE" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=1960 – மீண்ட சொர்க்கம் – மதுரம் பிக்சர்ஸ் (தெ-டப்) |trans-title=1960 – Meenda Sorgam – Madhuram Pictures (Telugu-dub) |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1960-cinedetails41.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704104023/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1960-cinedetails41.asp |archive-date=4 July 2022 |access-date=6 May 2017 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil}}</ref> In the promotional posters, Sridhar was billed as "Kalaignar Thilakam" ({{Translation|The jewel among artists}}) without his consent, which angered him. The title was previously bestowed upon him by the Madurai Students' Federation soon after the success of ''[[Kalyana Parisu]]'' (1959).<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=சந்திரமௌலி |first=எஸ். |date=2 November 2008 |title=செங்கல்பட்டிலிருந்து சிகரத்துக்கு... |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2008-11-02/page/80/mode/2up |access-date=20 April 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=80 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> ''[[The Indian Express]]'' praised the performances of the cast, particularly Ganesan, Padmini and Thangavelu, along with Vincent's cinematography.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 July 1960 |title=Meenda Sorgam |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19600731&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |language=en |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kanthan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' appreciated Ganesan's performance, but felt it lacked newness, though the film could be watched more than once.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=காந்தன் |date=28 August 1960 |title=மீண்ட சொர்க்கம் |url=https://ibb.co/WHbrwgq |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703062245/https://ibb.co/WHbrwgq |archive-date=3 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=47 |language=ta}}</ref> According to historian [[Randor Guy]], the film did not succeed commercially, as it was thought to be too highbrow and idealistic.<ref name="Randor Guy" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Sundararaman |title=Raga Chintamani: A Guide to Carnatic Ragas Through Tamil Film Music |publisher=Pichhamal Chintamani |year=2007 |edition=2nd |language=en |oclc=295034757 |orig-date=2005}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{C. V. Sridhar}}

[[Category:1960 films]]
[[Category:1960 Indian films]]
[[Category:1960 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1960s dance films]]
[[Category:1960s romantic musical films]]
[[Category:Films directed by C. V. Sridhar]]
[[Category:Films scored by T. Chalapathi Rao]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by C. V. Sridhar]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian dance films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic musical films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic musical films]]

Elsie Inglis

2026-03-28T17:43:25Z

Doonedu: Starting initial info and citations - done

{{short description|Scottish doctor (1864–1917)}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Elsie Inglis
| image = Elsie Inglis.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name = Eliza Maud Inglis
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1864|08|16}}
| birth_place = [[Naini Tal]], [[North-Western Provinces]], British India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1917|11|26|1864|08|16}}
| death_place = [[Newcastle upon Tyne]], England
| resting_place = [[Dean Cemetery]]
| nationality = 
| other_names = The Woman with the [[Flashlight|Torch]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Edinburgh]]
| occupation = Doctor
| known_for = {{cslist|[[Suffragist]]|[[First World War]] doctor|campaigner for women and children's health}}
| honours = [[Order of the White Eagle (Serbia)|Serbian Order of the White Eagle (First Class)]]
}}

[[File:Bronze bust of Elsie Inglis by Ivan Mestrovic 1918, SNPG.jpg|thumb|Bronze bust of Elsie Inglis by [[Ivan Meštrović]] 1918, SNPG]]
[[File:Plaque marking Elsie Inglis' surgery, Walker Street, Edinburgh.JPG|thumb|Plaque marking Elsie Inglis's surgery, Walker Street, Edinburgh]]

'''Eliza Maud''' "'''Elsie'''" '''Inglis''' (16 August 1864 – 26 November 1917) was a Scottish medical doctor, surgeon, teacher,<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=MacPherson |first=Hamish |date=5 May 2020 |title=Greatest Scot? The many talents of Dr Elsie Inglis |page=20 |work=[[The National (Scotland)|The National]] |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/18426143.greatest-scot-many-talents-dr-elsie-inglis/ |access-date=10 May 2020 |quote=when she saw suffering or injustice she wanted to make a difference... and what she did paved the way for other women to come after her..... Alan Cumming in an interview with Nan Spowart on 11 November 2017 The National}}</ref> [[Women's suffrage|suffragist]], and founder of the [[Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service|Scottish Women's Hospitals]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=The National Archives |title=The Discovery Service |url=http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/rd/55cac7ac-6fff-46fe-9939-6269c26ef6d8 |access-date=18 February 2016 |website=discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref> She was the first woman to hold the [[Order of the White Eagle (Serbia)|Serbian Order of the White Eagle]].<ref name="AberdeenJournal" />

==Early life and education==
Inglis was born on 16 August 1864, in the [[hill station]] town of [[Naini Tal]], [[British India]]. Inglis had eight siblings and was the second daughter and third youngest.<ref name=":1" /> Her parents were Harriet Lowes Thompson (1827-1885) and [[John Inglis (civil servant)|John Forbes David Inglis]] (1820–1894), a [[magistrate]] who ended his career in the [[Indian civil service]] as [[List of Chief Commissioners of Oudh|Chief Commissioner of Oudh]], having been first employed under the [[East India Company]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |section=Inglis, Elsie Maude |title=The Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=2006 |isbn=9780748632930 |editor-last=Ewan |editor-first=Elizabeth |location=Edinburgh |pages=177–178 |editor-last2=Innes |editor-first2=Sue |editor-last3=Reynolds |editor-first3=Siân |editor-last4=Pipes |editor-first4=Rose}}</ref> as did her maternal grandfather. Inglis's parents considered the education of a daughter as important as that of a son,<ref name=":2" /> and also had them schooled in India. Elsie and her sister Eva had 40 dolls which she used to treat for 'spots' (measles) she had painted on.<ref name=":1" />

Inglis's father was religious and used his position in India to "encourage native economic development, spoke out against [[infanticide]] and promoted female education."<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Knox |first=William |title=Lives of Scottish Women: Women and Scottish Society, 1800–1980 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=2006 |location=Edinburgh |pages=141}}</ref> Inglis's maternal grandfather was George Powney Thompson.<ref>Simson/Inglis graves Dean Cemetery</ref> She was an aunt of the gynaecologist Sir [[Henry Simson]], and a distant cousin of fellow female medical pioneer [[Grace Cadell]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jeffery |first=Roger |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JU6fDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT183 |title=India In Edinburgh: 1750s to the Present |date=28 June 2019 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-55661-2 |language=en |access-date=15 August 2021}}</ref>

Inglis's father retired (when aged 56) from the Indian Civil Service and moved to Edinburgh, via [[Tasmania]], where some of her older siblings had settled.<ref name=":1" /> Inglis went on to a private education in [[Edinburgh]] (where she had led a successful demand by the schoolgirls to use private gardens in [[Charlotte Square]]) and finishing school in Paris. Inglis's decision to study medicine was delayed by nursing her mother, during her last illness ([[scarlet fever]])<ref name=":1" /> and her death in 1885, when she felt obliged to stay in Edinburgh with her father.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}

In 1886, the [[Edinburgh School of Medicine for Women]] was opened by [[Sophia Jex-Blake|Dr Sophia Jex-Blake]] and Inglis started her studies there. In reaction to Jex-Blake's methods, and after two fellow students [[Grace Cadell|Grace]] and Georgina Cadell were expelled, Inglis' father was prominent in the Scottish Association for the Medical Education of Women, which founded the [[Edinburgh College of Medicine for Women]]. Its sponsors included Sir [[William Muir]], a friend of her father from India, then Principal of the [[University of Edinburgh]].<ref name=":1" /> Inglis's sponsors also arranged clinical training for female students under [[William Macewen|Sir William MacEwen]] at the [[Glasgow Royal Infirmary]].<ref name=":0" />

In 1892, she obtained the [[Triple Qualification]], becoming a Licentiate of the [[Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh]], the [[Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh]] and the [[Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow|Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow]]. She was concerned at the low standard of care and lack of specialisation in the needs of female patients, and so obtained a post at [[Elizabeth Garrett Anderson]]'s pioneering [[New Hospital for Women]] in [[London]], and then at the [[Rotunda Hospital|Rotunda]] in Dublin, a leading maternity hospital. Inglis gained her [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|MBChM]] qualification in 1899, from the [[University of Edinburgh]], after it opened its degrees to women.<ref name=":0" /> Her return to Edinburgh coincided with nursing her father in his final illness before he died on 4 March 1894, aged 73. Inglis at the time noted that 'he did not believe that death was the stopping-place, but that one would go on growing and learning through all eternity'.<ref name=":1" />

Inglis later acknowledged that 'whatever I am, whatever I have done – I owe it all to my father'.<ref name=":1" />

==Career==
===Medical practice===
Inglis returned to [[Edinburgh]] in 1894, set up in practice with [[Jessie MacLaren MacGregor]], who had been a fellow student. Elsie later became a lecturer in gynaecology at the Medical College for Women. Considering that women and children's medicine was under resourced,<ref name=":1" /> they opened a maternity hospital, named ''The Hospice'', for poor women alongside a [[midwifery]] resource and training centre, initially in George Square.<ref name=":1" /> The Hospice was then provided with an accident and general service as well as maternity,<ref name=":3" /> with an operating theatre and eight beds,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Balfour |first=Frances |title=Dr. Elsie Inglis |publisher=George H. Doran Company (Nabu Public Domain Reprints) |year=1919 |isbn=9781141571468 |location=New York |pages=182}}</ref> in new premises at 219 High Street, on the [[Royal Mile]], close to [[Cockburn Street]],<ref name="historycompany.co.uk">{{Cite news |date=6 February 2014 |title=The legacy of Elsie Inglis – Edinburgh's shame |language=en-US |work=The History Company |url=http://historycompany.co.uk/2014/02/06/the-legacy-of-elsie-inglis-edinburghs-shame/ |access-date=16 November 2017}}</ref> and was the forerunner of the [[Elsie Inglis Memorial Maternity Hospital]]. In 1913, Inglis travelled across to the US ([[Michigan]]) to visit and learn from a new type of maternity hospital.<ref name=":3" />

Inglis often waived the fees owed to her and would pay for her patients to recuperate by the sea-side, with [[polio]] being a particular childhood illness she was concerned with.<ref name=":1" /> Inglis was a consultant at [[Bruntsfield Hospital]], a nearby hospital for women and children, and the Hospice merged with them in 1910.<ref name="hh">{{Cite web |title=Bruntsfield Hospital |date=26 April 2015 |url=https://historic-hospitals.com/gazetteer/edinburgh/ |publisher=Historic Hospitals |accessdate=15 August 2021}}</ref>

Inglis's surgical skills were recognised by colleagues as "she was quiet, calm, and collected, and never at a loss, skilful in her manipulations, and able to cope with any emergency."<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Inglis |first=Lucy |date=8 November 2014 |title=Elsie Inglis, the suffragette physician |journal=The Lancet |language=en |volume=384 |issue=9955 |pages=1664–1665 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62022-5 |issn=0140-6736 |pmid=25473677 |s2cid=4421593|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Inglis lived and was in a relationship for some time with [[Flora Murray]], a fellow doctor and suffragette.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jennings |first=Rebecca |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tz2GAAAAIAAJ&q=flora+murray+elsie+inglis+jennings |title=A Lesbian History of Britain: Love and Sex Between Women Since 1500 |date=2007 |publisher=Greenwood World Pub. |isbn=978-1-84645-007-5 |pages=101 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Suffrage movement ===
[[file:Executive Committee of the Scottish Federation of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies, 1913 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Executive Committee of the Scottish Federation of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies in 1913 (fourth from left at front?)]]
Her dissatisfaction with the standard of medical care available to women led her to political activism through the [[Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom|suffrage movement]]. She was the secretary of the [[Edinburgh National Society for Women's Suffrage]] in the 1890s, supported by her father.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Leah Leneman, 'Inglis, Elsie Maud (1864–1917)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/34101, accessed 6 June 2015]</ref>

Inglis worked closely with [[Millicent Fawcett]], the leader of the [[National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies]] (the [[National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies|NUWSS]]), speaking at events all over the country. By 1906, "Elsie Inglis was to the Scottish groups what Mrs. Fawcett was to the English; when they too formed themselves that year into a Federation, it was Elsie who became its secretary."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lawrence |first=Margot |title=Shadow of Swords: A Biography of Elsie Inglis |publisher=Northumberland Press Limited |year=1971 |location=Great Britain |pages=81}}</ref> From the early years of the [[Scottish Federation of Women's Suffrage Societies]], Inglis was honorary secretary from 1906 and continued in this role right up to 1914.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lovejoy |first=Esther Pohl |title=Women Doctors of the World |date=1957 |publisher=Macmillan |location=New York |page=288}}</ref>

Inglis spoke in support of suffrage in 1907 with [[Chrystal Macmillan|Chrystal MacMillan]] and [[Alice Low (suffragist)|Alice Low]] as fellow speakers, at a NUWSS meeting in Edinburgh's Café Oak Hall. [[Jessie Scott (doctor)|Jessie Scott]] from New Zealand, where women already had the vote was also a guest speaker.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 February 1909 |title=General notices |page=1 |work=The Scotsman}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=11 February 1909 |title=Edinburgh NUWSS |page=393 |work=Women's Franchise}}</ref>

A century later, in ''[[The Lancet]]'', Lucy Inglis (a relative) noted Inglis had said 'fate had placed her in the van of a great movement' and was a 'keen fighter'.<ref name=":3" /> Inglis's personal style was described by fellow suffragist [[Sarah Mair]] as 'courteous, sweet-voiced' with 'the eyes of a seer', a 'radiant smile' when her lips were not 'firmly closed with a fixity of purpose such as would warn off unwarrantable opposition or objections...'<ref name=":1" />

===First World War===
[[File:"The Chief" (Elsie Inglis) and some of her sisters - 1916.png|thumb|'The Chief' (Elsie Inglis) and some of her sisters SWH – 1916]]
[[File:Spomen-poprsje koje je izradio Ivan Meštrović.jpg|thumb|Bust made by Croatian sculptor [[Ivan Meštrović]], exhibited in [[Scottish National Portrait Gallery]] in [[Edinburgh]]]]
Although she had already had turned 50 at the start of the conflict,<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=MacPherson |first=Hamish |date=12 May 2020 |title=Dr Elsie Inglis and the legacy she left behind |page=20 |work=The National |url=https://www.thenational.scot/culture/history/ |access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref> it was during the First World War that she made her mark. Despite government resistance, Inglis established the [[Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service]] Committee, an organisation funded by the women's suffrage movement to provide all female staffed relief hospitals for the [[Allies of World War I|Allied]] war effort, including doctors and technical staff (paid) and others including nurses and transport staff and others as volunteers.<ref name=":4" />

Inglis wanted a neutral name in order to attract "wide support from men and women".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Leneman |first=Leah |title=A Guid Cause: The Women's Suffrage Movement in Scotland |publisher=Aberdeen University Press |year=1991 |isbn=0-08-041201-7 |pages=211}}</ref> but was able to use her connections to the suffrage movement to raise money for what became the Scottish Women's Hospitals (SWH). Inglis approached the Scottish Red Cross to help with funding, but the head of the Scottish Red Cross, [[George Beatson]] denied Inglis' request stating that the [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|Red Cross]] was in the hands of the [[War Office]] and he could have "nothing to say to a hospital staffed by women."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lawrence |first=Margot |title=Shadow of Swords: A Biography of Elsie Inglis |publisher=Michael Joseph |year=1971 |isbn=071810871X |location=London |page=99}}</ref> To start the project, "she opened a fund with £100 of her own money."<ref>Sheffield Telegraph, 30 November 1917.</ref> [[Millicent Fawcett]], of NUWSS took up the cause and invited Inglis to speak about the SWH in London,<ref name=":4" /> and by the next month, Inglis had her first £1,000.<ref>''Common Cause,'' 30 October 1914.</ref> The goal was £50,000.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lawrence |first=Margot |title=Shadow of Swords: A Biography of Elsie Inglis. |publisher=Northumberland Press Limited |year=1971 |isbn=071810871X |location=Great Britain |pages=100}}</ref> Collection boxes had the NUWSS logo in small print, one is held in the [[National Museum of Scotland]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Collection box and medals, associated with Scottish Women's Hospitals units and Dr Elsie Inglis |url=http://nms.scran.ac.uk/database/results.php?QUICKSEARCH=1&search_term=suffrage |website=National Museum of Scotland, via SCRAN search |id=000-180-000-413-C}}</ref>

The organisation was active in sending eventually 14 teams to Belgium, [[Scottish Women's Hospital at Royaumont|France]], [[Serbia]] and Russia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Scottish Women's Hospital Unit |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/Wscot.htm |access-date=12 May 2020 |website=Spartacus Educational |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4" />

When Inglis approached the [[Royal Army Medical Corps]] to offer them a ready-made medical unit staffed by qualified women, the [[War Office]] told her, "my good lady, go home and sit still."<ref name=":7">{{Cite news |last=Brocklehurst |first=Steven |date=26 November 2017 |title=The female war medic who refused to 'go home and sit still' |work=BBC Scotland News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-42096350 |access-date=15 August 2021 |quote=When Elsie Inglis asked the War Office if female doctors and surgeons could serve in front-line hospitals in World War One she was told 'my good lady, go home and sit still'.}}</ref> It was, instead, the French government that took up her offer and established a unit in France and then she led her own unit in Serbia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Beauman |first=Nicola |title=A very great profession : the woman's novel 1914–1939 |date=2008 |publisher=Persephone Books |isbn=9781903155684 |edition=rev. |location=London |pages=23}}</ref> Inglis was involved in all aspects of the organisation of this service down to the colours of the uniform, 'a hodden grey, with [[Clan Gordon|Gordon tartan]] facings'.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=McLaren |first=Eva Shaw |title=A History of the Scottish Women's Hospitals |publisher=Hodder & Stoughton |year=1919 |pages=8, 194, 210 |language=en}}</ref> The French hospital was based at the [[Abbey of Royaumont]] and was run by [[Frances Ivens]] from January 1915 to March 1919. Inglis had initially offered a 100-bed hospital but it grew to hold 600 beds as it coped with the severity of battles, including [[Battle of the Somme|that on the Somme]].<ref name="obit">{{Cite news |date=14 October 2010 |title=Doctor Eileen Crofton: Physician and author who uncovered a story of |language=en-GB |work=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/doctor-eileen-crofton-physician-and-author-who-uncovered-a-story-of-wartime-heroism-2105956.html |access-date=16 November 2017}}</ref>

Inglis went with the teams sent to Serbia, to work in improving [[hygiene]] which reduced [[typhus]] and other [[epidemic]]s there. On her journey, she was to enjoy a last peaceful day of sunshine and starlight on the voyage.<ref name=":4" /> The typhus outbreak in Serbia affected the hospital, and eventually took the lives of four of the SWH staff, including [[Louisa Jordan]], after whom the [[NHS Louisa Jordan|coronavirus pandemic hospital in Glasgow]] was named in 2020.<ref name=":4" /> Four SWH units in Serbia were established but in 1915 Inglis was captured, when the Austro-Hungarian and German forces took over the region, as she had stayed behind with others to repatriate the wounded. Inglis was taken prisoner when at Krushevatz (Kruševac) Hospital in Serbia. Inglis and others were repatriated via neutral Switzerland in February 1916,<ref name=":4" /> but upon reaching Scotland, she at once began organising funds for a Scottish Women's Hospital team in Russia. She headed the Scots team when it left in August 1916 for [[Odessa]], Russia.<ref name=":4" /> She had appointed two fellow Scottish [[Suffrage|suffragists]], [[Mary H. J. Henderson]] as administrator, and [[Evelina Haverfield]] as commandant for the new unit. The two SWH units were overcome in the chaos of a retreat with Inglis travelling via [[Dobruja]] to [[Brăila|Braila]], on the [[Danube]] with the people in flight, including families, doctors, soldiers and a Romanian officer who had been in Glasgow and knew "British ''custims''" (''sic'').<ref name=":4" /> The Scottish women's journeys and challenging experiences in Serbia were shared by her administrator, Henderson in national<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 January 1917 |title=The War – In the Dobrudja – Story of a Brave Englishwoman – Work of the Scottish Women's Hospital Unit |page=3 |work=The Guardian |quote=refers to an article in 'The Telegraph'}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 December 1916 |title=Nurses Adventures in Rumania – Scottish Hospital Staff in The Retreat |page=4 |work=The Scotsman}}</ref> and local press<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 November 1917 |title=Scots "Angels of Mercy" – The Great Work of the Women's Hospitals |edition=2nd |page=2 |work=The Courier}}</ref> and in fundraising talks once she returned home.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 August 1917 |title=Great Britain and the East ...as the result of a meeting... |page=269 |work=The Near East |location=London}}</ref> Inglis was said, in the chaos, to think of her homeland 'there, quiet, strong and invincible, behind everything and everyone'.<ref name=":5" />

At Braila with just six other doctors, only one surgeon, Inglis and team were treating 11,000 wounded soldiers and sailors. A letter in tribute to Inglis, in the name of "The Russian Citizen Soldiers" was written at Easter to "express our sincere gratitude for all the care and attention bestowed on us, and we bow low before the tireless and wonderful work of yourself and your personnel, which we see every day directed towards the good of the soldiers allied to your country".<ref name=":5" /> Inglis got the news that her nephew was shot in the head and blinded on the day that she was leaving for [[Reni, Ukraine]]. She questioned the eternal battle of good and evil referred to in wartime, when she wrote to her sister expressing her sorrow for her nephew, ending with "we are just here in it, and whatever we lose, it is for the right we are standing...it is all terrible and awful, and I don't believe we can disentangle it all in our minds just now. The only thing is just to go on doing our bit."<ref name=":4" />

Inglis, "an indomitable little figure" lasted another summer in Russia, before she too was forced to return in poor health to the United Kingdom, dying almost on arrival, suffering from [[bowel cancer]]. On her final journey, she was seen to stand on deck saying a farewell to each of the Serb officers being evacuated "in quiet dignity."<ref name=":4" />

==Death and legacy==
[[File:Grave of Dr. Elsie Inglis, Dean Cemetery Edinburgh.jpg|thumb|Grave of Dr. Elsie Inglis]]
[[File:Elsie Inglis memorial.jpg|thumb|Elsie Inglis Memorial in north aisle of St Giles Cathedral Edinburgh]]
[[File:Dr Elsie Inglis Memorial, Mladenovac Serbia.jpg|thumb|Elsie Inglis Memorial, Mladenovac Serbia]]
[[File:Elsie Inglis Memorial, Mladenovac Serbia.jpg|thumb|Elsie Inglis Memorial, Mladenovac Serbia]]
Inglis died on 26 November 1917, the day after she arrived back in Britain, with her sisters at her bedside at the Station Hotel, [[Newcastle upon Tyne]].<ref name=":3" /><ref name="DeathCert">{{Cite web |title=Certified Copy of an entry of Death |url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/womeninuniform/popups/swh_death_cert.htm |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=nationalarchives.gov.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Joyce |first=Dr Robin |date=22 January 2017 |title=DEEDS NOT WORDS : The Story of Dr Elsie Inglis |url=https://womenshistorynetwork.org/deeds-not-words-the-story-of-dr-elsie-inglisdeeds-not-words-the-story-of-dr-elsie-inglis/ |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=Women's History Network |quote=On 26 November 1917, the suffragist and founder of the Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service, Dr Elsie Inglis, passed away at the Station Hotel in Newcastle upon Tyne. She was returning home with her all women hospital units from her last mission in Serbia and Russia, but never reached Edinburgh.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2017 |title=Elsie Inglis |url=https://www.rcpe.ac.uk/heritage/college-history/elsie-inglis |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=www.rcpe.ac.uk |publisher=Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons, Edinburgh |language=en |quote=Inglis and her unit landed in Newcastle and the following day, 26 November 1917, in the presence of her sisters, Inglis died. |archive-date=14 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614021337/https://www.rcpe.ac.uk/heritage/college-history/elsie-inglis |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Inglis's body lay in state at [[St Giles Cathedral]] in Edinburgh, and her funeral there on 29 November was attended by both British and Serbian royalty. The service included the '[[Messiah Part II|Hallelujah Chorus']] and the [[Last Post]] played by the buglers of the [[Royal Scots]]. The streets were lined with people as her coffin went through Edinburgh to be buried at the [[Dean Cemetery]].<ref name=":4" /> ''[[The Scotsman]]'' newspaper wrote that it was an "occasion of an impressive public tribute". [[Winston Churchill]] said of Inglis and her nurses "they will shine in history."<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lawrence |first=Margot |title=Shadow of Swords: A Biography of Elsie Inglis |publisher=Northumberland Press Limited |year=1971 |location=Great Britain}}</ref>

In London, a subsequent memorial service, attended by members of the royal families of Britain and Serbia, was held at [[St Margaret's, Westminster|St Margaret's Church in Westminster]], the [[Anglican parish church]] of the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom]].<ref name=":3" />

Inglis is buried in the north section of Dean Cemetery, on a corner north of the central path. Her parents, John Forbes David Inglis (1820–1894) and Harriet Lowes Thompson (1827–1885), as well as her nephew, Sir [[Henry Simson]], lie nearby in the same cemetery.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kim Traynor |date=31 August 2010 |title=NT2374 : Grave of Dr. Elsie Inglis, Dean Cemetery |url=https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2045024 |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=www.geograph.org.uk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Elsie Maud Inglis grave monument details at Dean Cemetery, Edinburgh, Lothian, Scotland |url=https://www.gravestonephotos.com/public/gravedetails.php?grave=74997 |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=www.gravestonephotos.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Robert Simson grave monument details at Dean Cemetery, Edinburgh, Lothian, Scotland |url=https://www.gravestonephotos.com/public/gravedetails.php?grave=74994 |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=www.gravestonephotos.com}}</ref>

[[The Memorial Drinking Fountain “Crkvenac” in Mladenovac|A memorial fountain]] was erected in Inglis's memory in [[Mladenovac]], [[Serbia]], commemorating her work for the country.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tomic |first=Alexandra |date=9 October 2015 |title=British Women on the Serbian Front in the First World War |url=https://ww1.nam.ac.uk/1963/news/british-women-serbian-front-first-world-war/ |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=National Army Museum, London |language=en-US}}</ref> A plaque marking her pre-war surgery from 1898 to 1914 was erected at 8 Walker Street, Edinburgh.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 August 2016 |title=Edinburgh to name street after medical pioneer Elsie Inglis |language=en |work=Edinburg Evening News |url=https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/whats-on/arts-and-entertainment/edinburgh-name-street-after-medical-pioneer-elsie-inglis-1469482 |access-date=14 August 2021}}</ref> A portrait of her is included in the mural of heroic women by [[Walter P. Starmer]] unveiled in 1921 in the church of [[St Jude's Church, Hampstead Garden Suburb|St Jude-on-the-Hill]] in Hampstead Garden Suburb, London.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walker |first=Alan |date=31 July 2015 |title=Campaign from on high at St Jude's |url=https://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2015/31-july/features/features/campaign-from-on-high-at-st-jude-s |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=Church Times}}</ref> In 1922 a large tablet to her memory (sculpted by [[Pilkington Jackson]]) was erected in the north aisle of [[St Giles Cathedral]], in Edinburgh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2020 |title=Memorials in St Giles' |url=https://stgilescathedral.org.uk/memorials-in-st-giles/ |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=St Giles' Cathedral |language=en-US |archive-date=14 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814171028/https://stgilescathedral.org.uk/memorials-in-st-giles/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Her main physical memorial was the building of the [[Elsie Inglis Memorial Maternity Hospital]] in 1925 which was operational until 1988. Many Edinburgh children were born there during the 20th century. It was closed by the [[National Health Service]] in 1988 and sold off. Part of it is now an old people's home, part is private housing, and parts are demolished; it is no longer recognisable as a hospital. At its closure there were public protests that a new maternity unit should also be named after Inglis, which has not yet happened (2020).<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Scottish doctor found first human coronavirus case in 1960s |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/18458272.scottish-doctor-found-first-human-coronavirus-case-1960s/ |access-date=20 May 2020 |website=The National |date=19 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref> A small plaque to Elsie Inglis exists near the south-west corner at the entrance to [[Holyrood Park]].<ref name="historycompany.co.uk" />

A nursing career development scheme in [[NHS Lothian]] is called '''the Elsies''<nowiki/>'.<ref name=":6" />

Inglis was commemorated on a new series of [[banknotes of the pound sterling|banknotes]] issued by the [[Clydesdale Bank]] in 2009; her image appeared on the new issue of £50 notes.<ref name="banknotes">{{Cite news |date=14 January 2008 |title=Banknote designs mark Homecoming |work=BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/7828554.stm |access-date=20 January 2009}}</ref><ref>[http://news.scotsman.com/edinburgh/Bank-proves-Elsie-Inglis-was.5786008.jp ''The Scotsman'': "Bank proves Elsie Inglis was woman of (£50) note"].</ref> In March 2015, the British Residence in [[Belgrade]] was renamed '''Elsie Inglis House''<nowiki/>' in recognition of her work in the country.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 March 2015 |title=Serbia honours life of war doctor Elsie Inglis |work=Edinburgh Evening News |url=http://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/news/serbia-honours-life-of-war-doctor-elsie-inglis-1-3719756 |access-date=17 March 2015}}</ref> The ceremony was conducted by the president of Serbia [[Tomislav Nikolić|Tomislav Nikolic]] and the UK Ambassador [[Denis Keefe]] said<blockquote>"Elsie Inglis was one of the first women in Scotland who had finished high education and was a pioneer of medicine. She fought energetically against prejudice, for social and political emancipation of women in Britain. She was also a tireless volunteer, courageous organiser of the Scottish Women's Hospitals and a dedicated humanitarian. Unfortunately, Elsie Inglis didn't live long enough to see the triumph of some of her ideas, but she has had a tremendous influence on social trends in our country. In Scotland she became a doctor, in Serbia she became a saint."<ref name=":6" /></blockquote>In 2020 it was noted that Serbia's first palliative care hospice will also be named after Elsie Inglis.<ref name=":6" />

In November 2017, a memorial plaque to Elsie Inglis and 15 women who died as a result of their service to the [[Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service|Scottish Women's Hospitals]] was set in Edinburgh [[Central Library, Edinburgh|Central Library]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pringle |first=Fiona |date=7 November 2017 |title=Memorial of Elsie Inglis set for Central Library |work=Edinburgh Evening News |url=http://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/news/entertainment/memorial-of-elsie-inglis-set-for-central-library-1-4607086 |access-date=10 November 2017}}</ref>

Inglis's name and picture (and those of 58 other women's suffrage supporters) are on the [[plinth]] of the [[statue of Millicent Fawcett]] in [[Parliament Square]], London, unveiled in 2018.<ref name="gov">{{Cite web |date=24 April 2018 |title=Historic statue of suffragist leader Millicent Fawcett unveiled in Parliament Square |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/historic-statue-of-suffragist-leader-millicent-fawcett-unveiled-in-parliament-square |access-date=24 April 2018 |publisher=Gov.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Topping |first=Alexandra |date=24 April 2018 |title=First statue of a woman in Parliament Square unveiled |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/apr/24/first-statue-of-a-woman-in-parliament-square-millicent-fawcett |access-date=24 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Millicent Fawcett statue unveiling: the women and men whose names will be on the plinth |date=24 April 2018 |url=https://inews.co.uk/inews-lifestyle/women/millicent-fawcett-statue-parliament-square-london-caroline-criado-perez/ |access-date=25 April 2018 |publisher=iNews}}</ref>

The Women's Roll of Honour plaque in [[York Minster]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=York Minster – Five Sisters Window and the Women's Roll of Honour. |url=https://livesofthefirstworldwar.iwm.org.uk/story/36210 |access-date=28 October 2021 |website=Lives of the First World War |archive-date=30 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130074707/https://livesofthefirstworldwar.iwm.org.uk/story/36210 |url-status=dead }}</ref> also includes Inglis' name.

Inglis's younger sister Eva Helen Shaw McLaren wrote her biography ''Elsie Inglis, The Woman With the Torch''<ref>{{Cite book |last=McLaren |first=Eva Shaw |title=Elsie Inglis: The Woman With the Torch |publisher=Macmillan |year=1920 |location=New York}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> in 1920, and in 2009 a coloured illustrated edition was published,<ref>{{Cite book |last=McLaren |first=Eva Shaw |title=Elsie Inglis: The Woman with The Torch |publisher=Dodo Press |year=2009 |isbn=9781409963530 |edition=Illustrated}}</ref> a reference is to [[Florence Nightingale]] known as 'The Lady of the Lamp'. The [[Project Gutenberg]] has published the former book.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/18530/18530-h/18530-h.htm | title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of Elsie Inglis, by Eva Shaw McLaren }}</ref>

In Eva's papers was found an unpublished manuscript novel by Inglis, 'The Story of a Modern Woman', whose heroine, Hildeguard Forrest, may be seen as autobiographical in part, and in a boating accident the narrator says 'in a sudden flash....[she] suddenly realised she wasn't a coward'.<ref name=":1" />

Inglis was described as one of the 'greatest-ever' Scottish women, 'a great role model and someone young Scots can be proud of'.<ref name=":1" /> A journalist called unsuccessfully on the Scottish Ministers to name Edinburgh's [[Royal Hospital for Children and Young People]] after Elsie Inglis.<ref name=":6" />

Sir [[Winston Churchill]] wrote of the SWH: 'No body of women has won a higher reputation in the Great War.....their work, lit up by the fame of Dr. Inglis, will shine in history'.<ref name=":4" />

[[File:The former Elsie Inglis Memorial Maternity Hospital, Edinburgh.JPG|thumb|The former Elsie Inglis Memorial Maternity Hospital]]

===Statue===
The Lord Provost of Edinburgh launched a plan to make a permanent memorial to Inglis in the city in November 2021. There are more than 43 statues of men in Edinburgh city centre but only two statues of women,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elsie Inglis to have long-awaited statue placed on Royal Mile after £50k raised |url=https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/heritage-and-retro/heritage/elsie-inglis-edinburghs-medical-trailblazer-elsie-inglis-to-have-long-awaited-statue-placed-on-royal-mile-after-ps50k-raised-3686899 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com |date=9 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref> and on the [[Royal Mile]] itself (the site for Elsie's statue) there are twelve statues of men, and Elsie's will be the first statue of a woman.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elsie Inglis |url=https://www.elsieinglis.org/ |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=A Statue for Elsie Inglis |language=en-GB}}</ref> There was a campaign to raise the £47,500 funding for the memorial statue, virtual tours (through a QR code on the statue) and other ways to commemorate "a truly revered and treasured figure in Edinburgh's history".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elsie Inglis statue on the cards as volunteers given go-ahead to host week of events |url=https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/news/people/elsie-inglis-statue-on-the-cards-as-volunteers-given-go-ahead-to-host-week-of-events-3443438 |access-date=8 November 2021 |website=www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com |date=3 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

As part of this campaign, an event was held by [[Girlguiding Scotland]] on 5 March 2022, in the Meadows in Edinburgh. This event was a sponsored 'sit still', with lots of activities sitting still, such as badge making, first aid and making a shelter from sticks.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Girlguiding Edinburgh – Past Event: Go Home & Sit Still (March 2022) |url=http://www.girlguiding-edinburgh.org.uk/elsie-inglis-tribute-campaign/new-page.html |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=www.girlguiding-edinburgh.org.uk |archive-date=26 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526225836/http://www.girlguiding-edinburgh.org.uk/elsie-inglis-tribute-campaign/new-page.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> At this event, there was also a bespoke Elsie Inglis bus tour, provided by Edinburgh Bus Tours, that visited areas linked to Elsie Inglis around Edinburgh. This event was to raise funds for the memorial statue for Elsie, raise awareness and inspire the people of Girlguiding Scotland to do anything they put their mind to.<ref name=":8" /> Girlguiding Scotland also created an Elsie Inglis Challenge Pack.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Elsie Inglis Challenge Badge Pack - January 2022.pptx |url=https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/12MrkmpkTmSmQg7fvD9wBpYpW4B-NTvKV}}</ref> Girlguiding Scotland also created an accompanying badge for when members complete some activities from the Challenge Pack.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Girlguiding Edinburgh – Introducing Elsie Inglis |url=http://www.girlguiding-edinburgh.org.uk/elsie-inglis-tribute-campaign/elsie-inglis-tribute-campaign.html |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=www.girlguiding-edinburgh.org.uk |archive-date=27 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527005802/http://www.girlguiding-edinburgh.org.uk/elsie-inglis-tribute-campaign/elsie-inglis-tribute-campaign.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

By May 2022, this crowd-funding drive by Thea Laurie and Fiona Garwood, raised £50,000, by engaging politicians and organisations and public figures like author, [[Sara Sheridan]], tennis coach [[Judy Murray]], scientist [[Linda Bauld]] and [[Member of the Scottish Parliament|MSP]] [[Jenni Minto]], as well as the Lord Provost. They said '"Dr Inglis is the perfect representative for women in Edinburgh. Her achievements in philanthropy and her efforts during World War One are just exceptional. She was a woman who would not be told to sit still and know her place."<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=Flockhart |first=Gary |date=9 May 2022 |title=Elsie Inglis to have long-awaited statue placed on Royal Mile after £50k raised |url=https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/heritage-and-retro/heritage/elsie-inglis-edinburghs-medical-trailblazer-elsie-inglis-to-have-long-awaited-statue-placed-on-royal-mile-after-ps50k-raised-3686899 |access-date=10 May 2022 |website=www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com |language=en}}</ref> It will be built on the site of her first hospital at 219 [[Royal Mile|High Street]], Edinburgh.<ref name=":9" /> A competition for the design of the statue was launched, but on 17 October 2022 the charity's trustees announced that they had decided to cancel the contest and award the commission to [[Alexander Stoddart]], the King's Sculptor in Ordinary.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Statue |url=https://www.elsieinglis.org/the-statue |website=A Statue for Elsie Inglis |access-date=21 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020133301/https://www.elsieinglis.org/the-statue |archive-date=20 October 2022}}</ref> The announcement was met with criticism,<ref>{{cite news |title=Row over man appointed to make feminist Elsie Inglis sculpture |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-63314711 |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=BBC News |date=19 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ferguson |first1=Brian |title=War of words erupts after King Charles' official sculptor wins Elsie Inglis commission for Royal Mile |url=https://www.scotsman.com/whats-on/arts-and-entertainment/war-of-words-erupts-after-king-charles-official-sculptor-wins-elsie-inglis-commission-for-royal-mile-3884945 |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=www.scotsman.com |date=18 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref> and the trustees 'paused' the process to reflect on feedback and to consider their options.<ref>{{cite news |title=Campaign for sculpture of feminist Elsie Inglis is 'paused' after row |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-63331994 |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=BBC News |date=21 October 2022}}</ref> The public debate on this controversy has continued into 2025, with an open letter to the [[City of Edinburgh Council|Edinburgh city council]], with notable supporters from the arts and medicine.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Livingston |first=Eve |date=2025-03-16 |title='A cultural embarrassment': anger as male sculptor commissioned for statue of suffragist |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global/2025/mar/16/anger-male-sculptor-commissioned-statue-suffragist-edinburgh-elsie-inglis |access-date=2025-03-21 |work=The Observer |language=en-GB |issn=0029-7712}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-18 |title=Proclaimers and Val McDermid lead calls to scrap controversial Elsie Inglis statue |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/25017229.proclaimers-lead-calls-scrap-controversial-elsie-inglis-statue/ |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:RS059-15.jpg|thumb|Inglis on a 2015 Serbian stamp]]

=== Commemorative Stamp ===
In December 2015, the British Embassy in Serbia partnered with the [[Pošta Srbije|Serbia Post]] to launch a series of six stamps commemorating "''British Heroines of the First World War in Serbia''". Elsie Inglis was included in the series along with Captain [[Flora Sandes]], [[Evelina Haverfield]], Elizabeth Ross, [[Katherine Stewart MacPhail|Katherine MacPhail]] and [[Isabel Emslie Hutton]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=British WW1 Heroines commemorated on official Serbian Stamps |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/british-ww1-heroines-commemorated-on-official-serbian-stamps |access-date=2023-08-26 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Serbia celebrates British heroines of the First World War |url=https://blogs.bl.uk/european/2016/02/serbia-celebrates-british-heroines-of-the-first-world-war.html |access-date=2023-08-26 |website=British Library: European studies blog |language=en}}</ref>

==Awards and honours==
In April 1916, Inglis became the first woman to be awarded the [[Order of the White Eagle (Serbia)|Order of the White Eagle]] (First class) by the Crown Prince [[Alexander I of Yugoslavia|Alexander of Serbia]] at a ceremony in [[London]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name="AberdeenJournal">{{Citation |title=Serbian White Eagle: Scotswoman as the first woman recipient |date=15 April 1916 |work=Aberdeen Journal}}</ref><ref name="EdinburghEveningNews">{{Citation |title=Calls to restore 'forgotten' Elsie Inglis grave |date=8 November 2013 |url=http://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/news/calls-to-restore-forgotten-elsie-inglis-grave-1-3180319 |work=Edinburgh Evening News |access-date=11 February 2014}}</ref><ref name="RoyalCollegeOfSurgeonsOfEdinburgh">{{Citation |title=Medals and papers of Dr Elsie Inglis |url=http://www.library.rcsed.ac.uk/docs/GD43_Medals_and_papers_of_Dr_Elsie_Inglis_LRCSEd.pdf |year=2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221212349/http://www.library.rcsed.ac.uk/docs/GD43_Medals_and_papers_of_Dr_Elsie_Inglis_LRCSEd.pdf |publisher=Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh Library & Archive |ref=GB 779 RCSEd GD/43 |access-date=11 February 2014 |archive-date=21 February 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> She had previously been awarded the [[Order of Saint Sava]] (III class).<ref name="AberdeenJournal" /> Her name appears on the screens commemorating the 1,513 women who lost their lives in the First World War as part of the [[Five Sisters window]] in [[York Minster]].

== Further information ==
[[Mary H. J. Henderson]], who had helped set up the hospitals and also served with Inglis in Russia, wrote a poem '''In Memoriam: Elsie Maud Inglis''<nowiki/>', Henderson's poem described Inglis as a heroine.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bell |first=Amy |date=22 December 2007 |title=Women's politics, poetry, and the feminist historiography of the Great War |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Women%27s+politics%2C+poetry%2C+and+the+feminist+historiography+of+the...-a0178348670 |journal=Canadian Journal of History |volume=42 |issue=3 |pages=411–437 |doi=10.3138/cjh.42.3.411 |via=The Free Library|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Gary Mill's 2016 novel ''My Good Lady'' is a dramatised account of Inglis's service with the [[Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service]] in the Balkans during World War 1.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mill |first1=Gary |title=My Good Lady |date=2016 |isbn=978-1521360477 }}</ref>

[https://www.lhsa.lib.ed.ac.uk/ Lothian Health Services Archive] holds many records relating to Inglis, as well as a number of her personal possessions. The latter include a case of medical instruments (LHBA 14/37, a [[Mintons|Minton]] coffee cup and saucer (LHBA 14/41) and a beer mug (LHBA 14/38) from [[Serbia]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2025 |title=LHB8 BRUNTSFIELD HOSPITAL |url=https://www.lhsa.lib.ed.ac.uk/collections/LHB8/LHB8.PDF |access-date=11 November 2025 |website=LHBA: LOTHIAN HEALTH BOARD ARCHIVE}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of people on banknotes#Scotland|People on Scottish banknotes]]
* [[Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service#Notable women volunteers|Other notable women volunteers in the Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service]]
* [[Women in World War I]]
* [[Serbian campaign| The Serbian campaign (1914-1915)]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===
*The archives of the Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service are held at [[The Women's Library]] at the Library of the London School of Economics, ref [https://archive.today/20130717082821/http://twl-calm.library.lse.ac.uk/CalmView/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqCmd=Overview.tcl&dsqSearch=(RefNo='2SWH') 2SWH]
*{{Cite book |last=Leneman |first=Leah |title=In the Service Of Life: The Story of Elsie Inglis and the Scottish Women's Hospitals |date=1994 |location=Edinburgh: The Mercat Press}}
*{{Cite book |last=Leneman |first=Leah |title=Elsie Inglis: Founder of battlefront hospitals run entirely by women |date=1998 |isbn=1-901663-09-4 |location=UK: NMS Publishing Ltd}}
*{{Cite journal |date=2004 |title=Elsie Inglis |journal=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |place=Oxford}}
{{gutenberg|no=18530|name=Elsie Inglis: The Woman with the Torch}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book | first=Aimée | last=Gibbs | title=Elsie Maud Inglis | publisher=Women's Freedom League | year=1920 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Tait |first=Dr. H.P. |title=Dr Elsie Maud Inglis, 1864-1917: A Great Lady Doctor |date=1964 |publisher=Bridgend Press |location=Bridgend, Wales}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Elsie Inglis}}
*[http://www.firstworldwar.com/bio/inglis.htm Short biography]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20040819205619/http://www.lhsa.lib.ed.ac.uk/catalog/pdfs/LHB8.PDF Bruntsfield Hospital and Elsie Inglis Memorial Maternity Hospital (Lothian Health Services Archive)]
*[http://archive.scotsman.com/ ''The Scotsman'' archives]
*[[Surgeons' Hall|Surgeons' Hall Museum]], Edinburgh.
* {{cite DNB27 |wstitle= Inglis, Elsie Maud |volume= |last= Walker |first= Ernest |author-link= Ernest Walker (composer) |page=81 |short= }}
*[[University of Edinburgh Medical School|University of Edinburgh]]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyYntZWpgNQ Medical doctor and history], Documentary film – EAI
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-b1gp_0HPEM Russian medical missions in Serbia during WW1], RTS Documentary
*[http://www.girlguiding-edinburgh.org.uk/elsie-inglis-tribute-campaign/elsie-inglis-tribute-campaign.html Girlguiding Scotland's 2022 Campaign] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527005802/http://www.girlguiding-edinburgh.org.uk/elsie-inglis-tribute-campaign/elsie-inglis-tribute-campaign.html |date=27 May 2022 }} for an Elsie Inglis statue in Edinburgh

{{Women's suffrage in Scotland}}
{{Scottish Women's Hospitals World War One}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Inglis, Elsie}}
[[Category:1864 births]]
[[Category:1917 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Scottish medical doctors]]
[[Category:20th-century Scottish medical doctors]]
[[Category:19th-century Scottish women medical doctors]]
[[Category:Scottish suffragists]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:People from Nainital]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Burials at the Dean Cemetery]]
[[Category:British women in World War I]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Sava]]
[[Category:Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service volunteers]]
[[Category:19th-century Scottish philanthropists]]
[[Category:20th-century Scottish women medical doctors]]
[[Category:Scottish lesbians]]
[[Category:LGBTQ medical doctors]]
[[Category:British women civil rights activists]]

Sri Chidambaram Garu

2026-03-24T20:49:55Z

Doonedu: Stub

{{Short description|2026 Indian Telugu-language film}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sri Chidambaram Garu
| image = Sri Chidambaram Garu.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Vinay Ratnam
| producer = {{plain list|
* Chinta Vineesha Reddy
* Chinta Gopala Krishna Reddy
}}
| writer = Vinay Ratnam
| starring = {{plain list|
* Vamsi Tummala
* Sandhya Vasishta
}}
| music = Chandra Sekhar–Ravi Cherukuri
| cinematography = Akshay Ram Podishetti
| editing = Anwar Ali
| studio = Srichakraas Entertainments
| distributor = {{plain list|
* Bunny Vas Entertainments
* Vamshi Nandipati Entertainments
}}
| released = {{film date|2026|2|6|df=yes}}
| runtime = 140 minutes<ref name=":THR"/>
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}
'''''Sri Chidambaram Garu''''' ({{Translation|Mr. Chidambaram}}) is a 2026 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy drama film]] written and directed by Vinay Ratnam (in his feature film directorial debut).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2026-02-04 |title=Vinay Ratnam Interview: I wanted my first feature to be in Telugu, no matter what |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/debut-director-vinay-ratnam-discusses-his-telugu-film-sri-chidambaram-garu/article70586502.ece |access-date=2026-03-11 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The film stars Vamsi Tummala and Sandhya Vasishta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |date=2026-02-09 |title=Director Vinay Ratnam: Sri Chidambaram Garu is inspired by real people |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2026/Feb/09/teluguinterviews2026feb04director-vinay-ratnam-sri-chidambaram-garu-is-inspired-by-real-people |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{No plot|date=March 2026}}

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* Vamsi Tummala as Solomon "Chidambaram"
* Sandhya Vasishta as Leela
* Gopinath
* Gorla Mahesh
* Vindhya Vibhav
* Shanthi
* Shree Raghu
* Sivakumar Matta as Solomon's assistant
* [[Kalpa Latha]] as Solomon's mother
* Arun Kumar
* [[Tulasi (actress)|Tulasi]] as Leela's mother
* Naidu Moram
* Shankar Rao
}}

== Music ==
The background score and songs were composed by Chandra Sekhar–Ravi Cherukuri.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sri Chidambaram |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/sri-chidambaram/gFCnwkPdZ9Y_ |website=[[JioSaavn]] |date=6 March 2026}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 19:31
| title1 = Velle Darilona
| length1 = 4:34
| lyrics1 = Chandra Sekhar
| extra1 = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| title2 = Chinnodi Gundello
| length2 = 3:45
| lyrics2 = Koti Mamidala, Chandra Sekhar
| extra2 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Manisha Eerabathini]]
| title3 = Nijamena Sad
| length3 = 2:45
| lyrics3 = Ravi Cherukuri, Vinay Ratnam
| extra3 = Rajashekar Katlakunta
| title4 = Nenela Undaalila
| length4 = 3:46
| lyrics4 = Koti Mamidala
| extra4 = Pranathi, MG Narasimha
| title5 = Asalu Sangathe Telusuko
| length5 = 4:41
| lyrics5 = Rahman
| extra5 = Krishna Tejaswi
}}

== Release ==
''Sri Chidambaram Garu'' was released theatrically on 6 February 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-23 |title=Sri Chidambaram Garu to hit screens on February 6 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2026/Jan/23/sri-chidambaram-garu-to-hit-screens-on-february-6 |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='Sri Chidambaram Garu' OTT release: When and where to watch Vamsi Tummala's heartfelt drama online |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/sri-chidambaram-garu-ott-release-when-and-where-to-watch-vamsi-tummalas-heartfelt-drama-online/articleshow/128766999.cms |work=The Times of India |date=25 February 2026}}</ref> The film underperformed at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |title=Euphoria and Sri Chidambaram Garu struggle at BO |url=https://telugucinema.com/box-office/euphoria-and-sri-chidambaram-garu-struggle-at-bo |website=[[Telugucinema.com]] |date=9 February 2026}}</ref> It was later released on [[ETV Win]] on 26 February 2026.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-02-24 |title=Sri Chidambaram Garu OTT release date confirmed: When and where to watch the Telugu romantic drama |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/sri-chidambaram-garu-ott-release-date-confirmed-when-and-where-to-watch-the-telugu-romantic-drama/articleshow/128756789.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2026-03-11 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Suresh Kavirayani of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' rated the film 3/5 stars and wrote, "''Sri Chidambaram Garu'' is a pleasant rural drama narrated with simplicity and sincerity. Though the second half has a few hiccups, the film feels like a breath of fresh air amid routine violent and mass masala entertainers."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kavirayani |first1=Suresh |title=Sri Chidambaram Garu Review: This rural drama is simple and pleasant |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2026/Feb/09/telugureview2026feb06sri-chidambaram-garu-review-this-rural-drama-is-simple-and-pleasant |work=The New Indian Express |date=9 February 2026 |language=en |archive-date=11 February 2026 |access-date=3 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260211183503/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2026/Feb/09/telugureview2026feb06sri-chidambaram-garu-review-this-rural-drama-is-simple-and-pleasant |url-status=live }}</ref> Srivathsan Nadadhur of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "Director Vinay Ratnam’s simple story comes alive with its delectable imagery, soothing music and impressive performances".<ref name=":THR">{{cite news |last1=Nadadhur |first1=Srivathsan |title=‘Sri Chidambaram Garu’ movie review: Debut director Vinay Ratnam's Telugu film is a refreshing tale of self-discovery |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sri-chidambaram-garu-movie-review-the-telugu-indie-film-is-a-refreshing-earnest-tale-of-self-discovery/article70595169.ece |work=The Hindu |date=6 February 2026 |language=en-IN |archive-date=6 February 2026 |access-date=3 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260206045804/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sri-chidambaram-garu-movie-review-the-telugu-indie-film-is-a-refreshing-earnest-tale-of-self-discovery/article70595169.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

Sanjana Pulugurtha of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 3/5 stars and wrote, "It may not be a flawless drama, but it carries a gentle reminder: confidence isn’t about perfect eyes or perfect lives, it’s about finally looking at yourself with kindness, even in a world that has always asked you to hide."<ref>{{cite news |title=Sri Chidambaram Garu Movie Review: A heartwarming tale of self-love wrapped in rural charm |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/sri-chidambaram-garu/movie-review/127984374.cms |work=The Times of India |date=6 February 2026 |language=en}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Sakshi Post]]'' rated the film 2/5 stars and wrote, "''Sri Chidambaram Garu'' has good intentions but fails to convert them into an engaging film. Its excessive simplicity, sluggish pacing, and lack of strong conflict make it feel stretched and underwhelming."<ref>{{cite news |title=Sri Chidambaram Garu Review: Lacks Strong Conflict |url=https://www.sakshipost.com/news/entertainment/sri-chidambaram-garu-review-lacks-strong-conflict-477215 |work=Sakshi Post |date=6 February 2026 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
[[Category:2026 films]]
[[Category:2026 Indian films]]
[[Category:2026 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2026 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films shot in Rajahmundry]]
[[Category:Films set in Rajahmundry]]
[[Category:2026 directorial debut films]]

Bahujan Samaj Party

2026-03-22T08:55:43Z

Doonedu:

{{Short description|Indian political party}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox Indian Political Party
|name = Bahujan Samaj Party
|logo = Elephant Bahujan Samaj Party.svg
|logo_size = 200px
|abbreviation = BSP
|colorcode = {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|president = [[Mayawati]]<ref>{{cite web|author=livemint|title=Mayawati says she will remain BSP president for next 20 years|website=livemint.com|date=26 May 2018|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/PTjTr92SwEcPJ0ItjL4YuL/BSP-should-be-ready-to-fight-polls-solo-says-Mayawati.html|access-date=2018-05-26|archive-date=15 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815052112/https://www.livemint.com/Politics/PTjTr92SwEcPJ0ItjL4YuL/BSP-should-be-ready-to-fight-polls-solo-says-Mayawati.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|general_secretary = {{plainlist|
* {{Nowrap|Roop Chandra}}
* Vishwanath Pal
* Subhash Chaudhari
* [[Munquad Ali]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bsp-munquad-ali-up-party-chief-danish-ali-shyam-singh-yadav-party-leader-lok-sabha-1578345-2019-08-07|title=BSP appoints Munquad Ali as UP party chief, Danish Ali removed as leader in LS|date=August 7, 2019|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2019-08-08|archive-date=7 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807163105/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bsp-munquad-ali-up-party-chief-danish-ali-shyam-singh-yadav-party-leader-lok-sabha-1578345-2019-08-07|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Mewalal Gautam
}}
|foundation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1984|04|14}}
|founder = [[Kanshi Ram]]
|rajyasabha_leader = [[Ramji Gautam]]
|loksabha_leader =
|predecessor = [[Dalit Shoshit Samaj Sangharsh Samiti]]
|headquarters = 12, Gurudwara Rakabganj Road, [[New Delhi]], [[India]]-110001
|publication = Paper Type Books Sometimes
|eci = [[List of political parties in India|National Party]]
|ideology = {{Plainlist|
* [[Social justice]]<ref name="shyam">Shyam Singh, 2010. "[https://www.isec.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/WP-242-Shyam-Singh.pdf Dalit Movement and Emergence of the Bahujan Samaj Party in Uttar Pradesh: Politics and Priorities]," Working Papers 242, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore.</ref>
* [[Self-Respect Movement|Self-Respect]]<ref name="shyam"/>
* [[Ambedkarism]]<ref name="shyam"/>
}}
|colours = {{Color box|{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}} [[Blue]]
|alliance = [[Mahagathbandhan (Uttar Pradesh)|Mahagathbandhan]] (1993–1995; 2018-2019) [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] (1995–2003) [[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]]+ (2022–2023){{efn|For [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]].}} [[Gondwana Ganatantra Party|GGP]] (2023–2024){{efn|For [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]].}} [[INLD]]+ (2023–2024){{efn|For [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]].}}
|loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|543|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|1|245|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|no_states = {{Composition bar|0|31|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|state2_seats_name = [[State legislative assemblies of India|State Legislative Assembly]]
|state2_seats =
{{Composition bar|4|4036|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
{{hidden
|List
|headerstyle=background:#ccccff
|style=text-align:center;
|{{Composition bar|1|243||hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}} ([[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Bihar]])
{{Composition bar|1|117||hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}} ([[Punjab Legislative Assembly|Punjab]])
{{Composition bar|1|70||hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}} ([[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly|Uttarakhand]])
{{Composition bar|1|403|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}} ([[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Uttar Pradesh]])
}}
|state_seats_name = [[State Legislative Council]]
|state_seats = {{Composition bar|0|426|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|website = {{URL|bahujansamajparty.net/}}
|symbol = [[File:Elephant electoral symbol.svg|150px|Elephant]]
|flag = [[File:BSP-Flag.png|200px]]
|position = [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Ideology and Identity: The Changing Party Systems of India |first=Pradeep |last=K. Chhibber |first2=Rahul |last2=Verma |page=130 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2018 |isbn=9780190623890}}</ref>
}}

The '''Bahujan Samaj Party''' ({{small|abbr.}} '''BSP''') is a [[Progressivism|progressive]] political party in India that was formed to represent [[Bahujan|Bahujans]] (literally means "community in majority"), referring to the country's [[Scheduled Castes]], [[Scheduled Tribes]], and [[Other Backward Class]]es (OBC), along with [[Religious minorities in India|minorities]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/bahujan-samaj-party|title=Bahujan Samaj Party|website=The Times of India|access-date=2019-10-11|archive-date=12 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012181743/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/bahujan-samaj-party|url-status=live}}</ref> According to [[Kanshi Ram]], when he founded the party in 1984, the Bahujans comprised 85 percent of India's population, but were divided into 6,000 [[Caste system in India|different castes]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-rMW03l_gx0C&q=85%25+bahujan&pg=PA390|title=India's Silent Revolution: The Rise of the Lower Castes in North India|last=Jaffrelot|first=Christophe|date=2003|publisher=Hurst|isbn=9781850653981|language=en|access-date=8 November 2020|archive-date=6 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706090924/https://books.google.com/books?id=-rMW03l_gx0C&q=85%25+bahujan&pg=PA390|url-status=live}}</ref> The party claims to be inspired by the philosophy of [[B. R. Ambedkar]], [[Jyotirao Phule]], [[Narayana Guru]], [[Shahu of Kolhapur|Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj]], and [[Gautama Buddha]].

[[Kanshi Ram]] named his protégée, [[Mayawati]], as his successor in 2001. The BSP has its main base in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]] where it was the second-largest party in the [[2019 Indian general election]] with 19.3% of votes<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/uttar-pradesh/indian-politics-has-undergone-a-tremendous-change-uttar-pradesh-results-the-proof/articleshow/69498432.cms|title=Indian politics has undergone a tremendous change. Uttar Pradesh results the proof|date=2019-05-26|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-10-07|archive-date=29 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829063801/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/uttar-pradesh/indian-politics-has-undergone-a-tremendous-change-uttar-pradesh-results-the-proof/articleshow/69498432.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> and fourth largest in the [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] with 12.88% of votes.<ref>{{cite web | title=UP Election Results: Landslide victory for BJP, SP distant 2nd; Congress, BSP decimated | website=Zee News | date=2022-03-10 | url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/live-updates/uttar-pradesh-up-assembly-election-poll-result-2022-live-yogi-adityanath-akhilesh-yadav-bjp-sp-bsp-congress-2443792 | access-date=2022-03-11 | archive-date=11 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311063913/https://zeenews.india.com/india/live-updates/uttar-pradesh-up-assembly-election-poll-result-2022-live-yogi-adityanath-akhilesh-yadav-bjp-sp-bsp-congress-2443792 | url-status=live }}</ref> Its [[election symbol]] is an [[elephant]] which is also the symbol historically used by Dr. Ambedkar's [[Scheduled Castes Federation]].<ref>{{cite web | last=Mishra | first=Anant Shekhar | title=A tale of election symbols | website=The Times of India | date=2014-04-20 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/a-tale-of-election-symbols/articleshow/33990356.cms | access-date=2022-03-11 | archive-date=11 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311053108/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/a-tale-of-election-symbols/articleshow/33990356.cms | url-status=live }}</ref>

== {{anchor|Bahujan}} Etymology ==
[[File:Flags_of_"Bahujan_Samaj_Party"_at_Shivaji_Park.png|thumb|BSP rally in Mumbai]]

"Bahujan" is a [[Sanskrit]]ic term found in Hindu and Buddhist texts, and literally refers to "many people", or "the majority". It connotes the combined population of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes, Muslims, and minorities who together constitute the demographic majority of India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-22 |title=What is Bahujan, Mandal, and Kamandal Politics in India? |url=https://justicemirror.com/bahujan-meaning-and-mandal-kamandal-politics/ |access-date=2022-03-05 |website=The Justice Mirror |language=en-US |archive-date=5 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305060532/https://justicemirror.com/bahujan-meaning-and-mandal-kamandal-politics/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Chishti |first=Seema |date=2022-01-27 |title=The substance of the U.P. elections |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/the-substance-of-the-up-elections/article38330553.ece |access-date=2022-03-05 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=5 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305055950/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/the-substance-of-the-up-elections/article38330553.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> The word "Bahujan" appears in the dictum "[[Bahujana sukhaya bahujana hitaya cha|Bahujana Hitaya Bahujana Sukhaya]]", or "The benefit and prosperity of the many", articulated by [[Gautama Buddha]].<ref name="Gurusamy2019">{{cite book|first=S.|last=Gurusamy|title=Dalit Empowerment in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nqmcDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA98|year=2013|publisher=MJP Publisher|page=98|id=GGKEY:SW8XELLJGLC|access-date=9 September 2019|archive-date=6 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706090931/https://books.google.com/books?id=nqmcDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA98|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Madan|first=Gurmukh Ram|title=Buddhism: Its Various Manifestations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LqhhR-hY7VQC&pg=PA47|year=1999|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-728-3|page=47}}</ref><ref name="Roy2015">{{cite encyclopedia|editor-first1=Uday|editor-last1=Chandra|editor-first2=Geir|editor-last2=Heierstad|editor-first3=Kenneth Bo|editor-last3=Nielsen|encyclopedia=The Politics of Caste in West Bengal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7qXbCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA177|title=Transformative politics: The imaginary of the Mulnibasi in West Bengal|first=Indrajit|last=Roy|pages=169–192|year=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-41477-3}}</ref>

In his writing, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar used the term to refer to the majority of people in society that experienced discrimination and oppression on the basis of caste. Jyotirao Phule used the term in a similar context, and compared the Bahujans of India to Slavery in the United States. Schedule Caste and Bahujan writers have suggested this proportion was 70 percent of the population.<ref name="Roy2015" /><ref name="Jaffrelot2003">{{cite book|first=Christophe|last=Jaffrelot|title=India's Silent Revolution: The Rise of the Lower Castes in North India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qJZp5tDuY-gC|year=2003|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-12786-8|page=153|access-date=9 September 2019|archive-date=14 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414083859/https://books.google.com/books?id=qJZp5tDuY-gC|url-status=live}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:In bahujansamaj1.png|thumb|Bahujan Samaj Party flag used in public]]

Bahujan Samaj Party was founded on the birth anniversary of [[B. R. Ambedkar]] (14 April 1984) by [[Kanshi Ram]],<ref>{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Pitam|title=Women legislators in Indian politics|date=2003|publisher=Concept Pub. Co.|location=New Delhi|isbn=8180690199|pages=101|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ldhazU_vvQcC&q=14th+april+1984+bsp&pg=PA101|access-date=8 November 2020|archive-date=6 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706091427/https://books.google.com/books?id=ldhazU_vvQcC&q=14th+april+1984+bsp&pg=PA101|url-status=live}}</ref> who named former school teacher, Mayawati, as his successor of BSP in 2001.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kanshi Ram declares Mayawati as his successor|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/dec/15bsp.htm|agency=Rediff News|date=15 December 2001|first=Sharat|last=Pradhan|access-date=16 September 2015|archive-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923194639/http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/dec/15bsp.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The party's power grew quickly with seats in the [[Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]] and the [[Lok Sabha]], the [[lower house]] of the [[Parliament of India]]. In 1993, following the assembly elections, Mayawati formed a coalition with [[Samajwadi Party]] president [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]] as [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh|Chief Minister]]. On 2 June 1995, she withdrew support from his government, which led to a major incident where Mulayam Singh Yadav was accused of sending his zealots to keep her party legislators hostage at a [[Lucknow]] guest house and shout casteist abuses at her.<ref>{{cite news |title=Report indicting Mulayam Singh Yadav comes handy for BJP |work=India Today |date=15 August 1996 |url=http://indiatoday.in/ |access-date=2016-05-12 |archive-date=10 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710121504/https://www.indiatoday.in/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Since this incident, they have regarded each other publicly as chief rivals.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ghildiyal|first1=Subodh|title=Why Mayawati cannot stand Mulayam|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Why-Mayawati-cannot-stand-Mulayam/articleshow/1387716.cms}}</ref> Mayawati then obtained support from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) to become Chief Minister on 3 June 1995. In October 1995, the BJP withdrew their support and fresh elections were called after a period of [[President's Rule]]. In 2003, Mayawati resigned from her own government to prove that she was not "hungry for power"<ref>{{cite news |title=Uttar Pradesh chief quits |work=BBC News |date=26 August 2003 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3181313.stm |access-date=2016-03-25 |archive-date=15 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715094614/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3181313.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> and asked the BJP-run [[Government of India]] to remove [[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Union Tourism and Culture Minister]], [[Jagmohan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2003/jul/29taj.htm#:~:text=PM%20refuses%20Jagmohan's%20head%20to,All%20rights%20reserved.|title=PM refuses Jagmohan's head to Mayawati}}</ref> In 2007, she began leading a BSP-formed government with an absolute majority for a full five-year term.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mayawati rules Uttar Pradesh |work=India Today |date=21 May 2007 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20070521-bsp-pride-mayawati-748519-2007-05-20 |access-date=2016-03-25 |archive-date=8 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408163942/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/bsp-pride-mayawati/1/155789.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 10 December 2023, Mayawati declared her nephew [[Akash Anand]] as the party's successor.<ref>{{cite news |title=Akash Anand: 2017 में राजनीति में एंट्री, छह साल में ही मायावती के उत्तराधिकारी घोषित, जानें कौन हैं आकाश आनंद|url=https://www.amarujala.com/lucknow/know-about-the-successor-of-mayawati-akash-anand-2023-12-10?position=2|date=10 Dec 2023|archive-date=10 Dec 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210153422/https://www.amarujala.com/lucknow/know-about-the-successor-of-mayawati-akash-anand-2023-12-10?position=2|work=[[Amar Ujala]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Akash Anand is Mayawati's successor in BSP: 5 things to know about him|url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/akash-anand-mayawati-successor-in-bsp-mba-graduate-five-things-to-know-about-him-11702199241852.html|date=10 Dec 2023|archive-date=10 Dec 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210151352/https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/akash-anand-mayawati-successor-in-bsp-mba-graduate-five-things-to-know-about-him-11702199241852.html
|work=[[Mint (newspaper)|mint]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=BSP chief Mayawati declares nephew Akash Anand as 'uttaradhikari', says party leader|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bsp-chief-mayawati-declares-nephew-akash-anand-as-uttaradhikari-says-party-leader/article67624078.ece|date=10 Dec 2023|archive-date=10 Dec 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210152702/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bsp-chief-mayawati-declares-nephew-akash-anand-as-uttaradhikari-says-party-leader/article67624078.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> However, he was sacked immediately after his comments on the ruling [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] Party.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-07 |title=BSP chief questions his 'maturity': After his attack on BJP, Maya sacks nephew as her heir |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mayawati-akash-anand-bsp-successor-removed-9314502/ |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

=== Silver jubilee ===
On 14 April 2009, the Bahujan Samaj Party celebrated its silver jubilee.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Home-Page/JHmKf3eHPRj2ff2foE5KxL/BSP-celebrates-silver-jubilee-with-golden-hopes.html|title=BSP celebrates silver jubilee with golden hopes|last=Mathew|first=Liz|date=2009-04-14|website=Live Mint|language=en|access-date=2019-12-26|archive-date=26 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226042317/https://www.livemint.com/Home-Page/JHmKf3eHPRj2ff2foE5KxL/BSP-celebrates-silver-jubilee-with-golden-hopes.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The ''Manywar Shri Kanshi Ramji Shahri Garib Awas Yojna'' housing scheme for poor was launched by Lucknow Development Authority (LDA).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/LDA-ready-with-its-gift-for-BSP-silver-jubilee/articleshow/5649184.cms|title=LDA ready with its gift for BSP silver jubilee|last=Shah|first=Pankaj|website=The Times of India|date=6 March 2010 |language=en|access-date=2019-12-26|archive-date=11 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711233041/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/LDA-ready-with-its-gift-for-BSP-silver-jubilee/articleshow/5649184.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The role of Mayawati was discussed in BSP's success.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Home-Page/BfUgIQbCr0xrgTr6cdHfjK/25-years-on-what8217s-next-for-Mayawati.html|title=25 years on, what's next for Mayawati?|last=Singh|first=Pallavi|date=2009-11-18|website=Live Mint|language=en|access-date=2019-12-26|archive-date=26 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226042317/https://www.livemint.com/Home-Page/BfUgIQbCr0xrgTr6cdHfjK/25-years-on-what8217s-next-for-Mayawati.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A mass rally was organised in [[Lucknow]] with 10000 police personnel on duty.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/news/bsp-supporters-congregate-in-lucknow-to-celebrate-party-s-25-years-news-national-kdpqOgccghbsi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226042312/https://www.sify.com/news/bsp-supporters-congregate-in-lucknow-to-celebrate-party-s-25-years-news-national-kdpqOgccghbsi.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2019-12-26|title=BSP supporters congregate in Lucknow to celebrate party's 25 years|website=[[Sify]]|language=en|access-date=2019-12-26}}</ref> It was the 305th and largest rally of BSP since 1984.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2010/mar/15/lucknow-braces-for-mega-bsp-rally-today-139473.html|title=Lucknow braces for mega BSP rally today|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=2019-12-26|archive-date=26 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226042312/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2010/mar/15/lucknow-braces-for-mega-bsp-rally-today-139473.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> As per [[Observer Research Foundation]], within 25 years BSP became the third largest political party of India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.orfonline.org/research/bsps-25-year-journey-what-next/|title=BSP's 25-year Journey: What Next?|last=Misra|first=Satish|website=ORF|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-26|archive-date=26 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226042317/https://www.orfonline.org/research/bsps-25-year-journey-what-next/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Views ==
BSP believes in "Social Transformation and Economic Emancipation" of the "Bahujan Samaj". The Bahujan Samaj signifies the Bahujans as the Scheduled Castes (SC), the Scheduled Tribes (ST), and the Other Backward Castes (OBC). [[B. R. Ambedkar]], a proponent of Bahujan rights, is their important ideological inspiration. The BSP also speaks in favor of religious minorities. The party claims not to be prejudiced against upper-caste Hindus. In 2008, while addressing the audience, Mayawati said: "Our policies and ideology are not against any particular caste or religion. If we were anti-upper caste, we would not have given tickets to candidates from upper castes to contest elections".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/bsp-is-not-anti-upper-caste-mayawati/story-klNh0237WyQ4xVrIDiZtKI.html|title=BSP is not anti-upper caste: Mayawati|date=2008-11-26|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-05-19|archive-date=23 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923161237/https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/bsp-is-not-anti-upper-caste-mayawati/story-klNh0237WyQ4xVrIDiZtKI.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==List of chief ministers==
===Chief ministers of Uttar Pradesh===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Style="background-color:#22409A; color:white" | No

! Style="background-color:#22409A; color:white" | Image
! Style="background-color:#22409A; color:white" | Name
! Style="background-color:#22409A; color:white" | Constituency
! colspan=2 Style="background-color:#22409A; color:white" | Term of office
! Style="background-color:#22409A; color:white" | Tenure length
! Style="background-color:#22409A; color:white" | Assembly
|- align=center
| rowspan=4|1
| rowspan=4|[[File:Mayawati.jpg|175x175px]]
| rowspan=4|[[Mayawati]]
|''None''
| 3 June 1995
| 18 October 1995
| {{age in years and days|1995|06|03|1995|10|18}}
| 12th Assembly {{small|([[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993 election]])}}
|- align=center
| rowspan=2|[[Harora (Assembly constituency)|Harora]]
| 21 March 1997
| 21 September 1997
| {{age in years and days|1997|03|21|1997|09|21}}
| 13th Assembly {{small|([[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996 election]])}}
|- align=center
| 3 May 2002
| 29 August 2003
| {{age in years and days|2002|05|03|2003|08|29}}
| 14th Assembly {{small|([[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002 election]])}}
|- align=center
| [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council|MLC]]
| 13 May 2007
| 15 March 2012
| {{age in years and days|2007|05|13|2012|03|15}}
| 15th Assembly {{small|([[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007 election]])}}
|}

== Electoral performances ==
=== Previous general elections (1989, 1991, 1996, 1998,1999, 2004) ===
{{empty section|date=February 2026}}
=== Success in 2007 ===
The results of the May 2007 [[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Uttar Pradesh state assembly election]] saw the BSP emerge as a sole majority party, the first to do so since 1991. Mayawati began her fourth term as [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]] and took her oath of office along with 50 ministers of cabinet and state rank on 13 May 2007, at Rajbhawan in the state capital of [[Lucknow]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Mayawati takes oath as UP CM|url=http://www.ndtv.com/video/player/news/mayawati-takes-oath-as-up-cm/13607|work=NDTV|access-date=16 September 2015|archive-date=16 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916170452/http://www.ndtv.com/video/player/news/mayawati-takes-oath-as-up-cm/13607|url-status=live}}</ref> Most importantly, the majority achieved in large part was due to the party's ability to take away majority of upper castes votes from their traditional party, the BJP.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|title=Upper castes played crucial role in bsp victory in up assembly elections|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-upper-castes-played-crucial-role-in-bsp-victory-in-up-assembly-elections-1096355|access-date=9 October 2016|archive-date=16 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216170929/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-upper-castes-played-crucial-role-in-bsp-victory-in-up-assembly-elections-1096355|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Flags of "Bahujan Samaj Party" at Shivaji Park.png|thumb|Flags of Bahujan Samaj Party at [[Shivaji Park]], [[Mumbai]]]]

The party could manage only 80 seats in 2012, as opposed to 206 in 2007 assembly elections. BSP government was the first in the history of Uttar Pradesh to complete its full five-year term.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResult.htm|title=Election Commission of India|access-date=7 March 2012|archive-date=15 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215065208/http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResult.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 26 May 2018, Ram Achal Rajbhar was replaced by [[R S Kushwaha]] as the president of UP unit.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/mayawati-effects-major-reshuffle-in-bsp-rs-kushwaha-appointed-state-president-in-up/1182038/|title = Mayawati effects major reshuffle in BSP, RS Kushwaha appointed state president in UP|date = 26 May 2018|access-date = 27 June 2018|archive-date = 27 June 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180627203927/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/mayawati-effects-major-reshuffle-in-bsp-rs-kushwaha-appointed-state-president-in-up/1182038/|url-status = live}}</ref>

=== 2014 Lok Sabha elections ===
The 2014 national Lok Sabha elections saw the BSP become the third-largest national party of India in terms of vote percentage, having 4.2% of the vote across the country but gaining no seats.<ref>{{cite news|title=BSP gets third-largest vote share, but no seat|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/elections-2014/bsp-gets-third-largest-vote-share-but-no-seat-114051700178_1.html|work=Business Standard|access-date=16 September 2015|archive-date=13 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913124447/http://www.business-standard.com/article/elections-2014/bsp-gets-third-largest-vote-share-but-no-seat-114051700178_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 2019 Lok Sabha elections: Mahagathbandhan===
Prior to the 2019 Lok Sabha elections, BSP formed an alliance. The [[Mahagathbandhan (Uttar Pradesh)|''Mahagathbandhan'']] (or Grand Alliance), or simply the ''Gathbandhan'' (Alliance),<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/sp-bsp-rld-thagbandhan-wont-cross-double-digits/article26837237.ece 'SP-BSP-RLD thagbandhan won't cross double digits'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919163843/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/sp-bsp-rld-thagbandhan-wont-cross-double-digits/article26837237.ece |date=19 September 2020 }}, The Hindu (14 April 2019) {{verify source |date=August 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted ([[Special:Diff/895646183]]) by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite at [[Special:Permalink/895469470]] cite #3 - please verify the cite's accuracy and remove this {verify source} template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/110419/we-can-become-kingmakers-bsp-chief-mayawati-eggs-on-party-workers.html|title=We can become kingmakers: BSP chief Mayawati eggs on party workers|last=P|first=Shilpa|date=2019-04-11|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=2019-04-13|archive-date=28 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428035720/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/110419/we-can-become-kingmakers-bsp-chief-mayawati-eggs-on-party-workers.html|url-status=live}} {{verify source |date=August 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted ([[Special:Diff/895646183]]) by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite at [[Special:Permalink/895469470]] cite #4 - please verify the cite's accuracy and remove this {verify source} template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref> is an anti-[[Indian National Congress|Congress]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha-2019/bsp-will-play-a-role-in-balance-of-power-at-centre-mayawati/article26799236.ece|title=BSP will play a role in 'balance of power' at Centre: Mayawati|date=2019-04-10|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-04-13|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929193744/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha-2019/bsp-will-play-a-role-in-balance-of-power-at-centre-mayawati/article26799236.ece|url-status=live}} {{verify source |date=August 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted ([[Special:Diff/895646183]]) by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite at [[Special:Permalink/895469470]] cite #5 - please verify the cite's accuracy and remove this {verify source} template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref> anti-[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-election-2019-mayawati-should-be-pm-says-pawan-kalyan-after-poll-pact-with-bsp-she-nods/story-3ft4F47Wc22UiZaE32ZgFJ.html|title=Mayawati should be PM, says Pawan Kalyan after poll pact with BSP. She nods|date=2019-03-15|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-03-20|archive-date=19 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519015426/https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-election-2019-mayawati-should-be-pm-says-pawan-kalyan-after-poll-pact-with-bsp-she-nods/story-3ft4F47Wc22UiZaE32ZgFJ.html|url-status=live}} {{verify source |date=August 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted ([[Special:Diff/895646183]]) by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite at [[Special:Permalink/895469470]] cite #6 - please verify the cite's accuracy and remove this {verify source} template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref> Indian political alliance formed in the run-up to the [[2019 Indian general election|2019 general election]] under the leadership of two former Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh, [[Akhilesh Yadav]] of the [[Samajwadi Party]] and [[Mayawati]] of the Bahujan Samaj Party, along with [[Ajit Singh (politician, born 1939)|Ajit Singh]]'s [[Rashtriya Lok Dal]] and several other political parties, contesting in different states of India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/2019-lok-sabha-election-akhilesh-yadav-on-mayawati-as-pm-candidate-will-be-very-happy-1976766|title=Will Be Very Happy, Says Akhilesh Yadav on Mayawati As PM Candidate|website=NDTV.com|access-date=2019-03-20|archive-date=13 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413011330/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/2019-lok-sabha-election-akhilesh-yadav-on-mayawati-as-pm-candidate-will-be-very-happy-1976766|url-status=live}} {{verify source |date=August 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted ([[Special:Diff/895646183]]) by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite at [[Special:Permalink/895469470]] cite #7 - please verify the cite's accuracy and remove this {verify source} template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/akhilesh-hints--at-supporting--maya-as-pm.html|title=Akhilesh hints at supporting Maya as PM|website=The Pioneer|language=en|access-date=2019-03-20|archive-date=29 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329134904/https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/akhilesh-hints--at-supporting--maya-as-pm.html|url-status=live}} {{verify source |date=August 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted ([[Special:Diff/895646183]]) by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite at [[Special:Permalink/895469470]] cite #8 - please verify the cite's accuracy and remove this {verify source} template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/pda-to-project-mayawati-as-next-pm-says-khaira/article26064827.ece|title=PDA to project Mayawati as next PM, says Khaira|agency=Press Trust of India|date=2019-01-23|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-03-20|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=19 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919161856/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/pda-to-project-mayawati-as-next-pm-says-khaira/article26064827.ece|url-status=live}} {{verify source |date=August 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted ([[Special:Diff/895646183]]) by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite at [[Special:Permalink/895469470]] cite #9 - please verify the cite's accuracy and remove this {verify source} template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mayawati-would-make-an-excellent-pm-says-ajit-jogi/story-0DzkTy0RU1oDAhcdlKZpOK.html|title=Mayawati would make an excellent PM, says Ajit Jogi|date=2018-10-22|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-03-20|archive-date=29 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329135835/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mayawati-would-make-an-excellent-pm-says-ajit-jogi/story-0DzkTy0RU1oDAhcdlKZpOK.html|url-status=live}} {{verify source |date=August 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted ([[Special:Diff/895646183]]) by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite at [[Special:Permalink/895469470]] cite #10 - please verify the cite's accuracy and remove this {verify source} template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/akhilesh-yadav-tweets-alliance-logo-made-by-supporter-5634891/|title=Akhilesh tweets alliance 'logo' made by supporter|date=2019-03-20|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-03-20|archive-date=29 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329134903/https://indianexpress.com/elections/akhilesh-yadav-tweets-alliance-logo-made-by-supporter-5634891/|url-status=live}} {{verify source |date=August 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted ([[Special:Diff/895646183]]) by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite at [[Special:Permalink/895469470]] cite #11 - please verify the cite's accuracy and remove this {verify source} template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|date=12 April 2019|title=SP-BSP Gathbandhan: How effective is the alliance?|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/sp-bsp-gathbandhan-how-effective-is-the-alliance/videoshow/68852110.cms|access-date=2019-04-13|archive-date=18 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418010659/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/defaultinterstitial.cms|url-status=live}} {{verify source |date=August 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted ([[Special:Diff/895646183]]) by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite at [[Special:Permalink/895469470]] cite #12 - please verify the cite's accuracy and remove this {verify source} template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref>

In [[2019 Indian general election in Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]], BSP contested 38 seats, SP 37, and RLD 3, and the alliance supported Congress in the final two. Due to this seat sharing agreement, BSP's vote share fell slightly nationally and in the state, but they won 10 seats, up from 0 in 2014. The Samajwadi Party won 5 seats, giving the alliance a total of 15 seats out of 80 in the state.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/uttar-pradesh/mahagathbandhan-in-up-losing-five-seats-because-of-congress-one-because-of-shivpal/articleshow/69461537.cms|title=Mahagathbandhan in UP losing five seats because of Congress, one because of Shivpal|last=Anshuman|first=Kumar|date=2019-05-23|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-05-29|archive-date=11 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011174932/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/uttar-pradesh/mahagathbandhan-in-up-losing-five-seats-because-of-congress-one-because-of-shivpal/articleshow/69461537.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 2024 Lok Sabha elections: Historic setback ===
On 19 July 2023, the BSP had announced that it would neither side with the [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]] nor the [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] and would go alone in the [[2024 Indian General Election]].<ref>{{cite web|title='Neither NDA nor INDIA': Mayawati spells out BSP stand, then explains|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mayawatis-bsp-to-stay-neutral-in-2024-elections-rejects-nda-and-india-alliances-101689775443563.html|date = 19 July 2023|website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> However, it had its worst performance in a Lok Sabha election. It lost all ten of its seats in [[2024 Indian general election in Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]] that it had gained in the [[2019 Indian general election|previous election]] and didn't gain any seats elsewhere. Its national vote share fell to 2.07%, less than half of what it was in [[2014 Indian general election|2014]] when it also won 0 seats.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha/story/mayawati-bsp-lok-sabha-election-muslim-voters-uttar-pradesh-2549542-2024-06-05|title=Mayawati's BSP draws blank in Lok Sabha polls: Decoding what went wrong|date=5 June 2024|website=India Today}}</ref>

=== Election results ===
=== Lok Sabha ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! Style="background-color:#22409A; color:white" | Lok Sabha term
! Style="background-color:#22409A; color:white" | Year
! Style="background-color:#22409A; color:white" | Seats contested
! Style="background-color:#22409A; color:white" | Seats won
! Style="background-color:#22409A; color:white" |± Seats
! Style="background-color:#22409A; color:white" | vote %
!Style="background-color:#22409A; color:white" |± vote %
! Style="background-color:#22409A; color:white" | State (seats)
|-
| [[9th Lok Sabha|9th]]
| [[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
| 245
| {{Composition bar|4|543|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{increase}} 4
| 2.07%
| -
| Punjab (1) UP (3)
|-
| [[10th Lok Sabha|10th]]
| [[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
| 231
| {{Composition bar|3|543|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{decrease}} 1
| 1.61%
| {{decrease}} 0.46%
| MP (1) Punjab (1) UP (1)
|-
| [[11th Lok Sabha|11th]]
| [[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
| 210
| {{Composition bar|11|543|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{increase}} 8
| 4.02%
| {{increase}} 2.41%
| MP (2) Punjab (3) UP (6)
|-
| [[12th Lok Sabha|12th]]
| [[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
| 251
| {{Composition bar|5|543|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{decrease}} 6
| 4.67%
| {{increase}} 0.65%
| Haryana (1) UP (4)
|-
| [[13th Lok Sabha|13th]]
| [[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
| 225
| {{Composition bar|14|543|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{increase}} 9
| 4.16%
| {{decrease}} 0.49%
| UP (14)
|-
| [[14th Lok Sabha|14th]]
| [[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
| 435
| {{Composition bar|19|543|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{increase}} 5
| 5.33%
| {{increase}} 1.17%
| [[2004 Indian general election in Uttar Pradesh|UP]] (19)
|-
| [[15th Lok Sabha|15th]]
| [[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
| 500
| {{Composition bar|21|543|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{increase}} 2
| 6.17%
| {{increase}} 0.84%
| [[2009 Indian general election in Madhya Pradesh|MP]] (1) [[2009 Indian general election in Uttar Pradesh|UP]] (20)
|-
| [[16th Lok Sabha|16th]]
| [[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
| 503
| {{Composition bar|0|543|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{decrease}} 21
| 4.19%
| {{decrease}} 1.98%
| {{n/a}}
|-
| [[17th Lok Sabha|17th]]
| [[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
| 383
| {{Composition bar|10|543|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{increase}} 10
| 3.67%
| {{decrease}} 0.52%
| [[2019 Indian general election in Uttar Pradesh|UP]] (10)
|-
| [[18th Lok Sabha|18th]]
| [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| 488
| {{Composition bar|0|543|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{decrease}} 10
| 2.07%
| {{decrease}} 1.6%
| {{n/a}}
|}
{{Vertical bar chart|1989|4|1991|3|1996|11|1998|5|1999|14|2004|19|2009|21|2014|0|2019|10|2024|0|full_name=All time-BSP Lok Sabha seat count|type=demographic|color=darkblue}}

=== Legislative Assembly elections===

{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:center"
|-
! Style="background-color:#22409A; color:white" | Year
! Style="background-color:#22409A; color:white" | Seats contested
! Style="background-color:#22409A; color:white" | Seats won
! Style="background-color:#22409A; color:white" | ±
! Style="background-color:#22409A; color:white" | Voteshare (%)
! Style="background-color:#22409A; color:white" | ± (%)
|-
!Colspan="6"|'''[[Bihar Legislative Assembly ]]'''
|-
| [[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| 164
| {{Composition bar|0|324|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{steady}}
|0.73%
|
|-
| [[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
| 161
| {{Composition bar|2|324|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{increase}}2
| 1.34%
|
|-

| [[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
| 249
| {{Composition bar|5|324|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{increase}}3
|1.89%
|
|-

| [[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Feb 2005]]
| 238
| {{Composition bar|2|243|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{decrease}}3
| 4.41%
|
|-
| [[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Oct 2005]]
| 212
| {{Composition bar|4|243|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{increase}}2
| 4.17%
|
|-
| [[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]]
| 243
| {{Composition bar|0|243|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{decrease}}4
| 3.21%
|
|-
| [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
| 228
| {{Composition bar|0|243|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{steady}}
| 2.1%
|
|-
| [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
| 80
| {{Composition bar|1|243|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{increase}}1
|1.5%
|
|-
| [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
| 130
| {{Composition bar|1|243|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{steady}}
| 1.62%
|
|-
!Colspan="6"|'''[[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly ]]'''
|-
| [[2003 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
| 54
| {{Composition bar|2|90|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{increase}}2
| 4.45%
|
|-

| [[2008 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| 90
| {{Composition bar|2|90|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
| 6.11%
|
|-
| [[2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
| 90
| {{Composition bar|1|90|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{decrease}}1
|4.27%
|
|-

| [[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| 33
| {{Composition bar|2|90|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{increase}}1
|3.9%
|
|-
| [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| 58
| {{Composition bar|0|90|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{decrease}} 2
| 2.05%
|
|-
!Colspan="7"|'''[[Delhi Legislative Assembly ]]'''
|-
| [[1993 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| 55
| {{Composition bar|1|70|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{increase}}1
| 3.90%
|
|-

| [[1998 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| 58
| {{Composition bar|0|70|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{decrease}}1
|3.15%
|
|-
| [[2003 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
| 40
| {{Composition bar|0|70|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
| 5.76%
|
|-
| [[2008 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| 70
| {{Composition bar|2|70|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{increase}}2
| 14.05%
|
|-
| [[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
| 69
| {{Composition bar|0|70|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{decrease}}2
| 5.33%
|
|-
| [[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
| 70
| {{Composition bar|0|70|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
| 1.31%
|
|-
| [[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
| 68
| {{Composition bar|0|70|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
| 0.71%
|
|-
| [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
| 70
| {{Composition bar|0|70|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
| 0.58%
|
|-
!Colspan="6"|'''[[Haryana Legislative Assembly ]]'''
|-
| [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
| 83
| {{Composition bar|1|90|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{increase}}1
|5.74%
|
|-
| [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
| 84
| {{Composition bar|1|90|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
|3.22%
|
|-
| [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| 86
| {{Composition bar|1|90|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
| 6.73%
|
|-
| [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| 87
| {{Composition bar|1|90|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{steady}}
| 4.4%
|
|-
| [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| 87
| {{Composition bar|0|90|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{decrease}}1
| 4.21%
|
|-
| [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| 35
| {{Composition bar|0|90|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
| 1.81%
|
|-
!Colspan="6"|'''[[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly ]]'''
|-
| [[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| 35
| {{Composition bar|0|68|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
| 0.94%
|
|-
| [[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| 49
| {{Composition bar|0|68|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{steady}}
|2.25%
|
|-
| [[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| 28
| {{Composition bar|0|68|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{steady}}
|1.41%
|
|-
| [[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
| 23
| {{Composition bar|0|68|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{steady}}
|0.7%
|
|-
| [[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| 67
| {{Composition bar|1|68|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{Increase}}1
|7.40%
|
|-
| [[2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| 67
| {{Composition bar|0|68|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{decrease}}1
|1.7%
|
|-
| [[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| 42
| {{Composition bar|0|68|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
|0.49%
|
|-
| [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| 53
| {{Composition bar|0|68|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
|0.35%
|
|-
!Colspan="6"|'''[[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly ]]'''
|-
| [[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| 29
| {{Composition bar|4|87|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{Increase}}4
| 6.43%
|
|-
| [[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
| 33
| {{Composition bar|1|87|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{decrease}}3
|4.50%
|
|-
| [[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| 83
| {{Composition bar|0|87|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{decrease}}1
| 3.73%
|
|-
| [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| 50
| {{Composition bar|0|87|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
| 1.41%
|
|-
| [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| 27
| {{Composition bar|0|87|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
| 0.96%
|
|-
!Colspan="6"|'''[[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly ]]'''
|-
| [[2009 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| 78
| {{Composition bar|0|81|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
|2.44%
|
|-
| [[2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| 61
|{{Composition bar|1|81|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{steady}}
|1.8%
|
|-
| [[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| 67
| {{Composition bar|0|81|hex8={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{decrease}}1
|2.5%
|
|-
| [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| 55
| {{Composition bar|0|81|hex8={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{steady}}
|0.78%
|
|-
!Colspan="6"|'''[[Karnataka Legislative Assembly ]]'''
|-
| [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| 18
|{{Composition bar|1|234|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{increase}}1
|0.30%
|
|-
| [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| 133
|{{Composition bar|0|234|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{decrease}}1
| 0.31%
|
|-
!Colspan="6"|'''[[Kerala Legislative Assembly ]]'''
|-
|[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| 122
|{{Composition bar|0|140|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
| 0.60%
|
|-
| [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| 74
|{{Composition bar|0|140|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
|0.24%
|
|-
| [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| 72
|{{Composition bar|0|140|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
|0.23%
|
|-
!Colspan="6"|'''[[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly ]]'''
|-
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|183
|{{Composition bar|2|320|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{increase}}2
|3.54%
| -
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|286
|{{Composition bar|11|320|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{increase}}9
|7.05%
|{{increase}}3.51%
|-
| [[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| 170
| {{Composition bar|11|320|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{steady}}
| 6.15%
| {{decrease}}0.9%
|-
| [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
| 157
| {{Composition bar|2|230|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{decrease}}9
| 7.26%
| {{decrease}}1.11%
|-
| [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| 228
|{{Composition bar|7|230|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{increase}}5
| 8.97%
| {{increase}}1.71%
|-
| [[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
| 227
| {{Composition bar|4|230|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{decrease}}3
| 6.29%
| {{decrease}}2.68%
|-
| [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| 227
| {{Composition bar|2|230|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{decrease}}2
| 5.01%
| {{decrease}}1.28%
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| 181
| {{Composition bar|0|230|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{decrease}}2
| 3.40%
| {{decrease}}1.61%
|-
!Colspan="6"|'''[[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly ]]'''
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| 122
| 0
| {{steady}}
| 0.42%
|
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
| 145
| 0
| {{steady}}
| 1.49%
|
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
| 83
| 0
| {{steady}}
| 0.39%
|
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| 272
| 0
| {{steady}}
| 4.0%
|
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| 287
| 0
| {{steady}}
| 2.35%
|
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| 280
| 0
| {{steady}}
| 2.33%
|
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| 262
| 0
| {{steady}}
| 0.92%
|-
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| 262
| 0
| {{steady}}
| 0.48%
|-
!Colspan="6"|'''[[Punjab Legislative Assembly ]]'''
|-
| [[1992 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1992]]
| 105
| {{Composition bar|9|117|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{increase}}9
| 16.32%
|
|-
| [[1997 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1997]]
| 67
| {{Composition bar|1|117|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{decrease}}8
| 7.48%
|
|-
| [[2002 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
| 100
| {{Composition bar|0|117|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{decrease}}1
| 5.69%
|
|-
| [[2007 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| 115
| {{Composition bar|0|117|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{steady}}
| 4.13%
|
|-
| [[2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| 117
| {{Composition bar|0|117|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{steady}}
| 4.29%
|
|-
| [[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| 111
| {{Composition bar|0|117|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{steady}}
| 1.52%
|
|-
| [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| 20
| {{Composition bar|1|117|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{increase}}1
| 1.77%
|
|-
!Colspan="6"|'''[[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly ]]'''
|-
|[[1990 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| 57
| {{Composition bar|0|200|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
| 0.79%
|
|-
| [[1993 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| 50
| {{Composition bar|0|200|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
| 0.56%
|
|-
| [[1998 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| 108
| {{Composition bar|2|200|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{increase}}2
| 2.17%
|
|-
| [[2003 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
| 124
| {{Composition bar|2|200|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
| 3.97%
|
|-
| [[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| 199
| {{Composition bar|6|200|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{increase}}4
| 7.60%
|
|-
| [[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
| 199
| {{Composition bar|3|200|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{decrease}}3
| 3.37%
|
|-
| [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| 199
| {{Composition bar|6|200|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{increase}}3
| 4.03%
|
|-
| [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-16 |title=Eknath Shinde's Shiv Sena Gains Ground in Rajasthan as Two BSP MLAs Join Party |url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/maharashtra/eknath-shindes-shiv-sena-gains-ground-in-rajasthan-as-two-bsp-mlas-join-party-a514/ |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=Lokmat Times |language=en}}</ref>
| 199
|{{Composition bar|2|200|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{decrease}}4
| 1.82%
|-
!Colspan="6"|'''[[Telangana Legislative Assembly ]]'''
|-
|[[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| 106
| {{Composition bar|0|117|hex=#3300CC}}
|{{decrease}}2
|2.10%
|
|-
|[[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| 106
| {{Composition bar|0|117|hex=#3300CC}}
|{{steady}}
|1.37%
|
|-
!Colspan="6"|'''[[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly ]]'''
|-
|[[2002 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|68
| {{Composition bar|7|70|hex=#3300CC}}
|{{increase}}7
|10.93%
| -
|-
|[[2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| 70
| {{Composition bar|8|70|hex=#3300CC}}
|{{increase}}1
|11.76%
| {{increase}} 0.83%
|-
|[[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| 70
| {{Composition bar|3|70|hex=#3300CC}}
|{{decrease}}5
|12.19%
| {{increase}} 0.43%
|-
|[[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| 69
| {{Composition bar|0|70|hex=#3300CC}}
|{{decrease}}3
|6.98%
| {{decrease}} 5.21%
|-
|[[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| 54
| {{Composition bar|2|70|hex=#3300CC}}
|{{increase}}2
|4.82%
| {{decrease}} 1.16%
|-
!Colspan="6"|'''[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly ]]'''
|-
|[[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|372
|{{Composition bar|13|425|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{increase}}13
|9.41%
| -
|-
|[[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|386
|{{Composition bar|12|425|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|{{decrease}}1
|9.44%
|{{increase}}0.03%
|-
| [[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| 164
| {{Composition bar|67|425|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{increase}}55
| 11.12%
| {{increase}}1.68%
|-
| [[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| 299

| {{Composition bar|67|425|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{steady}}
| 19.64%
| {{increase}}8.52%
|-
| [[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
| 401
|{{Composition bar|98|403|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{increase}}31
| 23.06%
| {{increase}}3.42%
|-
| [[2007 Uttar Pradesh state assembly elections|2007]]
| 403
| {{Composition bar|206|403|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{increase}}108
| 30.43%
| {{increase}}7.37%
|-
| [[2012 Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly election|2012]]
| 403
| {{Composition bar|80|403|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{decrease}}126
| 25.91%
| {{decrease}}4.48%
|-
| [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| 403
| {{Composition bar|19|403|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{decrease}}61
| 22.23%
| {{decrease}}3.71%
|-
| [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| 403
| {{Composition bar|1|403|hex={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{decrease}}18
| 12.88%
| {{decrease}}9.43%
|-
|}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Sumrat singh bsp2.jpg|Bsp cadre Madhya pradesh
File:Dileep bsp.jpg|BSP Leaders at Bahujan Samaj Prerna Kendra
File:Vimal bsp.jpg|BSP Leaders at Bahujan Samaj Prerna Kendra
File:Bsp img.jpg|BSP cadre camp
File:Dileep Kumar Vimal Bsp.jpg|BSP cadre camp
File:Dileep kumar vimal bsp.jpg|BSP cadre camp
File:Dileep kumar vimal.jpg|BSP cadre camp
File:Dileep vimal.jpg|BSP cadre camp
File:Sumrat Singh 13.jpg|Bsp Cadre Madhya Pradesh
File:Sumrat Singh 42.jpg|Bsp Cadre
</gallery>
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
== See also ==
* [[BAMCEF]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/back-to-basics-maya-to-hold-cadre-camp-in-delhi/articleshow/62764707.cms|title=Back to basics, Mayawati to hold cadre camp in Delhi|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-07-11|archive-date=3 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803154644/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/back-to-basics-maya-to-hold-cadre-camp-in-delhi/articleshow/62764707.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Dalit Shoshit Samaj Sangharsh Samiti]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article5102.html|title=Journey of a Dalit Party: Why is the BSP Not Able to Extend beyond (...) - Mainstream Weekly|website=mainstreamweekly.net|language=en|access-date=2018-07-11|archive-date=21 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521021819/http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article5102.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Republican Party of India]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/kanshi-ram-india-dalit-movement-mayawati-bsp|title=Kanshi Ram worked for the Republican Party of India for eight years|work=The Quint|access-date=2018-07-11|language=en|archive-date=26 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626135337/https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/kanshi-ram-india-dalit-movement-mayawati-bsp|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Kanshi Ram]]
* [[Mayawati]]
* [[Jai Bhim]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/stop-touching-my-feet-mayawati-tells-bsp-workers-1665399.html|title=Stop Touching My Feet, BSP Chief Mayawati Tells Party Workers|website=News18|date=19 February 2018|access-date=2019-01-03|archive-date=3 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103210618/https://www.news18.com/news/politics/stop-touching-my-feet-mayawati-tells-bsp-workers-1665399.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Bahujan Volunteer Force]]
* [[List of political parties in India]]

== Further reading ==

* [[Kanchan Chandra|Chandra, Kanchan]]. 2004. ''Why Ethnic Parties Succeed''. Cambridge University Press.

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{official website}}

{{Commons category|Bahujan Samaj Party}}

{{Indian political parties}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category Samaj Party| ]]

[[Category:Political parties established in 1984]]
[[Category:1984 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:National political parties in India]]
[[Category:Ambedkarite political parties]]
[[Category:Dalit politics]]
[[Category:Political parties in India]]

Mrinal Kulkarni

2026-03-15T02:32:07Z

Doonedu: minor update

{{Short description|Indian actress (born 1968)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Mrinal Kulkarni snapped at the press meet for movie on Baba Amte 08.jpg
| caption = Kulkarni in 2012
| name = Mrinal Kulkarni
| birth_name = Mrinal Deo
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1968|06|21}}
| birth_place = [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| spouse = {{Marriage|Ruchir Kulkarni|1990}}
| children = Virajas Kulkarni (b. 1992)
| known_for = ''Meerabai'' ''[[Son Pari]]''
| parents = Vijay Deo (father) Veena Deo (mother)
| relatives = [[Jairam Kulkarni]] (Father-in-law)
| website =
| footnotes =
| occupation = [[Actress]]
}}

'''Mrinal Kulkarni''' ([[née]] '''Deo'''; born 21 June 1968) is an Indian actress and director known for her work in several films and television productions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=संमेलनाध्यपद महिलेला मिळेल - अभिनेत्री मृणाल कुलकर्णी |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/maharashtra/nashik/president-of-all-india-marathi-literary-meet-post-will-get-to-next-time-to-a-woman-says-actress-mrunal-kulkarni/articleshow/80702656.cms |access-date=5 December 2021 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr |archive-date=5 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205065843/https://maharashtratimes.com/maharashtra/nashik/president-of-all-india-marathi-literary-meet-post-will-get-to-next-time-to-a-woman-says-actress-mrunal-kulkarni/articleshow/80702656.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> She is best known for her role as [[Mirabai]] in [[Doordarshan]]'s ''[[Mirabai#Adaptations|Meerabai]]'' and as a [[fairy]] on [[Star Plus]]'s ''[[Son Pari]]''.

She has also acted in [[Marathi language]] and [[Hindi]] TV serials and films.

==Early life, family and education==
Mrinal was born on 21 June 1968<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-20 |title=I club nature and history on my birthdays: Mrinal Kulkarni |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/i-club-nature-and-history-on-my-birthdays-mrinal-kulkarni/story-pKgEO80ukvqgmxK30Iej5N.html |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> into a [[Marathis|Marathi]] family in [[Pune]] to Dr. Vijay Deo and Dr. Veena Deo. She has a sister named Madhura.

She has a Master's degree in Linguistics from [[Pune University]].

She married her childhood friend Ruchir Kulkarni in 1990 and they have a son, Virajas, who is also a part of Marathi film industry.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://zeemarathi.zee5.com/happy-birthday-mrinal-kulkarni-5-lesser-known-facts-about-the-ye-re-ye-re-paisa-actress/ |title=Happy Birthday Mrinal Kulkarni! 5 Lesser Known Facts About The Ye Re Ye Re Paisa Actress |website=Zee Marathi |language=en |access-date=14 April 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/marathi/mrinal-kulkarnis-son-to-make-his-acting-debut/articleshow/62307004.cms |title=Mrinal Kulkarni's son to make his acting debut - Times of India |website=The Times of India |date=30 December 2017 |language=en |access-date=14 April 2020 |archive-date=28 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128022913/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/marathi/mrinal-kulkarnis-son-to-make-his-acting-debut/articleshow/62307004.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 March 2020 |title=Maza Hoshil Na fame Virajas Kulkarni: My approach towards TV industry was different because of my mom Mrinal Kulkarni |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/exclusive-maza-hoshil-na-fame-virajas-kulkarni-my-approach-towards-tv-industry-was-different-because-of-my-mom-mrinal-kulkarni/photostory/74551329.cms |access-date=1 February 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=14 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414172947/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/exclusive-maza-hoshil-na-fame-virajas-kulkarni-my-approach-towards-tv-industry-was-different-because-of-my-mom-mrinal-kulkarni/photostory/74551329.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

She lost her father to illness on 11 April 2019<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/pune-loses-a-noted-politics-professor-in-the-passing-away-of-vijay-deo/story-IXsSl6j1r0ufq3GgaR3lhM.html |title=Pune loses a noted politics professor, in the passing away of Vijay Deo |date=12 April 2019 |access-date=12 April 2019 |archive-date=12 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412113811/https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/pune-loses-a-noted-politics-professor-in-the-passing-away-of-vijay-deo/story-IXsSl6j1r0ufq3GgaR3lhM.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and her mother died on 29 October 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prominent Marathi Author and Professor Dr. Veena Dev Passes Away at 75 in Pune|url=https://www.thebridgechronicle.com/news/prominent-marathi-author-and-professor-dr-veena-dev-passes-away-at-75-in-pune}}</ref>

== Direction ==
Mrinal debuted as a Director with the Marathi film, ''Prem Mhanje... Prem Mhanje.... Prem Asta''. The story of the film was written by herself.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://glamgold.com/mrunal-kulkarnis-debut-directorial-prem-mhanje-prem-mhanje-prem-asate-is-a-matured-love-story/ |title=Mrunal Kulkarni's debut directorial PREM MHANJE PREM MHANJE PREM ASATE is a matured love story - GlamGold |date=2 August 2012 |website=Glamgold.com |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015002825/http://glamgold.com/mrunal-kulkarnis-debut-directorial-prem-mhanje-prem-mhanje-prem-asate-is-a-matured-love-story/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> After that, she directed Marathi historical drama ''[[Rama Madhav]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-rama-madhav-a-new-movie-that-captures-love-in-the-time-of-peshwas-2007610 |title=Rama Madhav: A new movie that captures love in the time of Peshwas |date=3 August 2014 |website=Daily News and Analysis |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015043630/https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-rama-madhav-a-new-movie-that-captures-love-in-the-time-of-peshwas-2007610 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Filmography==

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Language
!Notes
|-
|1989
|''[[Kamla Ki Maut]]''
|Charu S. Patel
|[[Hindi]]
|Debut film
|-
|1994
|''Maza Saubhagya''
|Sumati
| rowspan="2" |[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|Marathi film debut & lead role
|-
|1995
|''Jamla Ho Jamla''
|Sangita Dhurandhar
|Lead role
|-
|1996
|''Jai Dakshineshwar Kali Maa''
|Jyoti
|Hindi
|Lead role
|-
| rowspan="3" |2000
|''Jodidar''
|Suniti Deshmukh
|Marathi
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Actress]]
|-
|''[[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar (film)|Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar]]''
|[[Savita Ambedkar]]
|[[English language|English]], Hindi
|[[Bilingual]] film
|-
|''Lekroo''
|Anu
|Marathi
|
|-
|2001
|''[[Aashiq (2001 film)|Aashiq]]''
|Sapna Devi
|Hindi
|Supporting role
|-
|2003
|''Vishwas''
|Sangeeta
|Marathi
|Lead role<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.in.com/tv/movies/zee-talkies-132/vishwas-2003-15407.html |title=LIVE TV - Watch Indian TV Channels - Live Streaming and Catchup TV - LIVE News Online |website=In.com |access-date=14 October 2018}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
|-
|2004
|''Uuf Kya Jaadoo Mohabbat Hai''
|Pari's sister
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|Supporting role
|-
| rowspan="2" |2005
|''[[Kuchh Meetha Ho Jaye]]''
|Chanchal Chugh
|Special appearance
|-
|''Rajkaran''
|Anna's wife
|Marathi
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2006
|''[[Quest (2006 film)|Quest]]''
|Doctor
|English, Marathi
|Bilingual film
|-
|''Bayo''
|Raavi
|Marathi
|
|-
|''Raasta Roko''
|Mrunal
|Hindi
|
|-
|2007
|''[[Deha]]''
|Young Sandhya Joshi
| rowspan="18" |Marathi
|Special appearance<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodmdb.com/movies/cast-crew/deha/130 |title=Deha (2008) Complete Cast & Crew - BollywoodMDB |website=Bollywoodmdb.com |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015042236/https://www.bollywoodmdb.com/movies/cast-crew/deha/130 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2008
|''Tuzyat Mazyat''
|Asmita
|Lead role
|-
| rowspan="4" |2012
|''Kashala Udyachi Baat''
|Sakshi
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thecommonmanspeaks.com/kashala-udyachi-baat-movie-review/ |title=Kashala Udyachi Baat Movie Review - The Common Man Speaks |date=14 April 2012 |website=Thecommonmanspeaks.com |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-date=14 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014204307/https://thecommonmanspeaks.com/kashala-udyachi-baat-movie-review/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Shiv Chatrapati''
|[[Jijabai|Rajmata Jijau]]
|
|-
|''Aarohi Gosht Tighanchi''
|Sneha Apte
|
|-
|''Jai Jai Maharashtra Majha''
|Unnamed
|Guest appearance<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/jai-jai-maharashtra-majha/movie-review/13930060.cms|title=Jai Jai Maharashtra Majha Movie Review {3/5}: Critic Review of Jai Jai Maharashtra Majha by Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=14 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
|2013
|''[[Prem Mhanje Prem Mhanje Prem Asta]]''
|Anushree
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2014
|''[[A Rainy Day (2014 film)|A Rainy Day]]''
|Mugdha Pradhan
|Lead role<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/A-Rainy-Day-Subodh-Bhave-Mrinal-Kulkarni-Ajinkya-Deo-Neha-Pendse-Manoj-Joshi-Resul-Pookutty-Rajendra-Talak-Sanjay-Jadhav/articleshow/29665766.cms |title=Movie Review: A Rainy Day - Times of India |website=The Times of India |date=31 January 2014 |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015131011/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/A-Rainy-Day-Subodh-Bhave-Mrinal-Kulkarni-Ajinkya-Deo-Neha-Pendse-Manoj-Joshi-Resul-Pookutty-Rajendra-Talak-Sanjay-Jadhav/articleshow/29665766.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Yellow (2014 film)|Yellow]]''
|Mugdha
| Nominated [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Marathi]]
|-
|''[[Rama Madhav]]''
|[[Gopikabai]]
|Parallel lead
|-
|2015
|''[[Rajwade and Sons]]''
|Laxmi Rajwade-Joshi
|Supporting role
|-
|2016
|''& Jara Hatke''
|Meera
| Nominated [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Marathi]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/-jara-hatke/movie-review/53362610.cms|title=& Jara Hatke Movie Review {3.5/5}: Critic Review of & Jara Hatke by Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=14 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|''Sambhaji 1689''
| rowspan="2" |[[Jijabai|Rajmata Jijau]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018
|''[[Farzand]]''
|
|-
|''[[Ye Re Ye Re Paisa]]''
| rowspan="2" |Janhavi Mujumdar
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019
|''[[Ye Re Ye Re Paisa 2]]''
|
|-
|''[[Fatteshikast]]''
| rowspan="2" |[[Jijabai|Rajmata Jijau]]
|Nominated [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Marathi]]<ref>{{Cite news |title='Fatteshikast': Character poster of Mrinal Kulkarni as 'Rajmata Jijau' unveiled! - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/fatteshikast-character-poster-of-mrinal-kulkarni-as-rajmata-jijau-unveiled/articleshow/71474483.cms |access-date=11 December 2020 |website=The Times of India |date=7 October 2019 |language=en |archive-date=14 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414172651/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/fatteshikast-character-poster-of-mrinal-kulkarni-as-rajmata-jijau-unveiled/articleshow/71474483.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" |2022
|''[[Pawankhind]]''
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/director-digpal-lanjekar-begins-post-production-work-of-jung-jauhar-in-pune-/articleshow/76388562.cms |title=Director Digpal Lanjekar begins post production work of 'Jung Jauhar' in Pune. |last=Satphale |first=Anup |date=15 June 2020 |work=The Times of India |access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://m.lokmat.com/videos/entertainment/jangjauhar-movie-renamed-pavankhind-pawan-khind-new-marathi-movie-jungjauhar-digpal-lanjekar-a678/ |title=जंगजौहर चित्रपटाचे नामांतर पावनखिंड -Pawan Khind - New Marathi Movie - Jungjauhar - Digpal Lanjekar |website=Lokmat |date=2 March 2021 |access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[The Kashmir Files]]''
|Laxmi Dutt
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|
|-
|''[[Dear Dia]]''
|Adi's mother
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pruthvi Ambaar unveils the first look of 'Dia' Hindi remake - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/pruthvi-ambaar-unveil-the-first-look-of-dia-hindi-remake/articleshow/90077461.cms |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=8 March 2022 |language=en |archive-date=12 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312133323/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/pruthvi-ambaar-unveil-the-first-look-of-dia-hindi-remake/articleshow/90077461.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Sher Shivraj]]''
|[[Jijabai|Rajmata Jijau]]
| rowspan="8" |Marathi
|Nominated [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Marathi]]
|-
|''[[Goshta Eka Paithanichi]]''
|Smitatai
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2023
|''[[Saath Sobat]]''
|Madhura
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/saath-sobat-sangram-samel-and-mrunal-kulkarni-starrer-is-all-set-to-hit-screens-on-january-13-2023-poster-out/articleshow/95764403.cms |date=25 November 2022 |title='Saath Sobat': Sangram Samel and Mrunal Kulkarni starrer is all set to hit screens on January 13, 2023; poster out! |access-date=4 January 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=English |archive-date=28 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128033014/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/saath-sobat-sangram-samel-and-mrunal-kulkarni-starrer-is-all-set-to-hit-screens-on-january-13-2023-poster-out/articleshow/95764403.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Sari (film)|Sari]]''
|Dr. Laxmi (Lucky)
|<ref>{{Cite web |title='वेड' नंतर बरसणार प्रेमाच्या 'सरी', Mrinal Kulkarni आणि Ajinkya Raut चा नवा रोमँटिक सिनेमा |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/after-ved-another-marathi-romantic-movie-sari-released-soon-drj96 |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=eSakal - Marathi Newspaper |date=10 March 2023 |language=mr-IN |archive-date=12 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312063632/https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/after-ved-another-marathi-romantic-movie-sari-released-soon-drj96 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Subhedar]]''
|[[Jijabai|Rajmata Jijau]]
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2024
|''1234''
|Sayali's Mother
| <ref>{{cite web |title=1234 Movie (2024): Cast, Trailer, OTT, Songs, Release Date {{!}} एक दोन तीन चार Movie {{!}} Exclusive 2024 - Rang Marathi |url=https://rangmarathi.com/1234-movie/ |website=Rang Marathi |access-date=31 May 2024 |date=1 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Sant Dnyaneshwaranchi Muktai]]''
|Rukmini
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Muktaai Movie (2024): Cast, Trailer, OTT, Songs, Release Date {{!}} Sant Dnyaneshwaranchi Muktaai {{!}} संत ज्ञानेश्वरांची मुक्ताई {{!}} Exclusive 2024 - Rang Marathi |url=https://rangmarathi.com/muktaai-movie/ |website=Rang Marathi |access-date=22 June 2024 |date=30 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''Gulaabi''
| Madhuri Joshi
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Gulaabi Movie (2024): Cast, Trailer, OTT, Songs, Release Date {{!}} गुलाबी {{!}} Gulabi {{!}} Exclusive 2024 |url=https://rangmarathi.com/gulaabi-movie/ |website=Rang Marathi |access-date=19 January 2025 |date=20 December 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Dhai Aakhar]]''
|Praveen Arora
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|<ref name="Dhai Akhar Teaser">{{cite web |title=Dhai Akhar Teaser: समाज की रूढ़िवादी सोच पर से पर्दा उठाती फिल्म, कैसे 'मृणाल' करेंगी चुनौतियों का सामना? |url=https://www.aajtak.in/entertainment/bollywood-news/story/dhai-akhar-teaser-mrinal-kulkarni-film-talks-about-abusive-marriage-love-relationship-in-a-patriarchal-society-tmova-1821712-2023-11-19 |website=aajtak.in |accessdate=1 September 2025}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mrs. (film)|Mrs.]]''
| Richa's Mother
|
|-
|2026
|''[[Ranapati Shivray: Swari Agra]]''
|[[Jijabai]]
|Marathi
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-06 |title=Ranapati Shivray Review: शिवरायांच्या आग्रा स्वारीचा थरार अन् पडद्यामागची कथा! भट्टी जमली की फसली? कसा आहे सिनेमा? |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/reviews/ranpati-shivray-swari-aagra-digpal-lanjekar-historical-movie-review-a-a971/ |access-date=2026-02-06 |website=Lokmat |language=mr}}</ref>
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Language
!Notes
|-
|1987
|''[[Shrikant (TV series)|Shrikant]]''
|Abhaya
| rowspan="14" |[[Hindi]]
|Debut series<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-12-17 |title=Mrinal Kulkarni: I was embarrassed to scold Farooque Shaikh while enacting 'Shrikant' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mrinal-kulkarni-i-was-embarrassed-to-scold-farooque-shaikh-while-enacting-shrikant/articleshow/50216180.cms |access-date=2023-11-01 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=1 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101122510/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mrinal-kulkarni-i-was-embarrassed-to-scold-farooque-shaikh-while-enacting-shrikant/articleshow/50216180.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1988
|''Swami''
|[[Ramabai Peshwa]]
|Lead role
|-
|1994
|''[[The Great Maratha]]''
|[[Ahilyabai Holkar]]
|Supporting role
|-
|1996
|''[[Hasratein]]''
|Asmita Trivedi
|Supporting role<ref>{{Cite web |title=Steamy scene in 'Hasratein' takes serial to top slot |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/19970811-steamy-scene-in-hasratein-takes-serial-to-top-slot-831878-1997-08-10 |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=1 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101122511/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/19970811-steamy-scene-in-hasratein-takes-serial-to-top-slot-831878-1997-08-10 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |1997
|''Mirabai''
|[[Mirabai]]
|Lead role<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ved Rahi's serial 'Meera' to telecast on DD1 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/19970430-ved-rahi-serial-meera-to-telecast-on-dd-831343-1997-04-29 |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=1 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101122511/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/19970430-ved-rahi-serial-meera-to-telecast-on-dd-831343-1997-04-29 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Saturday Suspense]]''
|Mrunal
|Episode number. 98
|-
|1997-1998
|''Chattan''
|Purnima Vishal Raj
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1998
|''Teacher''
|Uma
|Parallel lead
|-
|''[[Rishtey (TV series)|Rishtey]]''
|Mrunal
|Episodic role
|-
|1998-2000
|''Sparsh''
|Bhoomika
|Lead role<ref>{{Cite web |title=Director Ravi Rai comes up with new serial based on marriage and divorce |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/19990705-director-ravi-rai-comes-up-with-new-serial-based-on-marriage-and-divorce-824576-1999-07-04 |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=1 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101122510/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/19990705-director-ravi-rai-comes-up-with-new-serial-based-on-marriage-and-divorce-824576-1999-07-04 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2000
|''Zindagi... Teri Meri Kahani''
|Rani
|Episodic role
|-
|2000-2001
|''[[Noorjahan (TV series)|Noorjahan]]''
|[[Habba Khatoon]]
|
|-
|2001-2002
|''[[Draupadi (TV series)|Draupadi]]''
|[[Draupadi]]
|Lead role<ref>{{Cite web |title=Draupadi{{!}} Draupadi Kirdaar: From Roopa Ganguly to Pooja Sharma, these actresses have played the role of Draupadi on TV Mahabharat {{!}} Trending & Viral News |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/the-buzz/article/draupadi-kirdaar-roopa-ganguly-pooja-sharma-mrinal-kulkarni-anita-hassanandani-ashwini-kalsekar-falguni-parekh-have-played-the-role-of-draupadi-on-tv/594550 |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=www.timesnownews.com |archive-date=1 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101122511/https://www.timesnownews.com/amp/the-buzz/article/draupadi-kirdaar-roopa-ganguly-pooja-sharma-mrinal-kulkarni-anita-hassanandani-ashwini-kalsekar-falguni-parekh-have-played-the-role-of-draupadi-on-tv/594550 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2000-2004
|''[[Son Pari]]''
|Son Pari
|Lead role<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-02 |title=From Tanvi Hegde to Mrinal Kulkarni: Here's how Son Pari cast looks now and what they are up to |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/from-tanvi-hegde-to-mrinal-kulkarni-heres-how-son-pari-cast-looks-now-and-what-they-are-up-to/photostory/101413232.cms |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2002-2005
|''[[Avantika (TV series)|Avantika]]''
|Avantika
|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|Lead role<ref>{{Cite news |date=2005-03-21 |title=That girl next door |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/pune-times/that-girl-next-door/articleshow/1058220.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-11-01 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=1 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101122511/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/pune-times/that-girl-next-door/articleshow/1058220.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2006
|''[[Astitva...Ek Prem Kahani|Astitva... Ek Prem Kahani]]''
|Dr. Sakshi
|Hindi
|Cameo appearance
|-
|2008-2009
|''[[Raja Shivchhatrapati (TV series)|Raja Shivchhatrapati]]''
|[[Jijabai|Rajmata Jijau]]
|Marathi
|Parallel lead<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2020-04-02 |title=लोकाग्रहास्तव पुन्हा भेटीला येणार 'राजा शिवछत्रपती', वाचा सविस्तर |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/television/raja-shivchatrapati-marathi-serial-start-again-star-pravah-gda/ |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=Lokmat |language=mr |archive-date=1 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101122511/https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/television/raja-shivchatrapati-marathi-serial-start-again-star-pravah-gda/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2009-2010
|''[[Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat (TV series)|Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat]]''
|Kalyani Sisodia (Chhoti Rani)
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|
|-
|2010-2011
|''[[Kaali – Ek Agnipariksha|Kaali - Ek Agnipariksha]]''
|Sushma Rai/Aditi Choudhary
|
|-
|2011-2012
|''[[Guntata Hriday He]]''
|Nayana Banarase
|Marathi
|Lead role<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zee Marathi expands its prime time |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/amp/industry-briefing-news/zee-marathi-expands-its-prime-time-42646.html |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media |archive-date=27 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127131138/https://www.exchange4media.com/amp/industry-briefing-news/zee-marathi-expands-its-prime-time-42646.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2012-2013
|''[[Mujhse Kuchh Kehti...Yeh Khamoshiyaan]]''
|Pratiksha Bhosale
|Hindi
|Supporting role<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mrinal Kulkarni excited about Mujhse Kehti Yeh Khamoshiyan |url=https://indianexpress.com/news/mrunal-kulkarni-excited-about-mujhse-kuchh-kehti.../1048086/ }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
|2020
|''[[Mi Honar Superstar]]''
|Judge
|Marathi
|Reality show<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vaishali Samant, Adarsh Shinde, and Sachin Pilgaonkar to judge reality show Me Honaar Superstar Chote Ustaad |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/vaishali-samant-adarsh-shinde-and-sachin-pilgaonkar-to-judge-reality-show-me-honaar-superstar-chote-ustaad/articleshow/87624606.cms |access-date=2023-11-02 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102190550/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/vaishali-samant-adarsh-shinde-and-sachin-pilgaonkar-to-judge-reality-show-me-honaar-superstar-chote-ustaad/amp_articleshow/87624606.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Platform
!Notes
|-
|2021
|''[[Jeet Ki Zid]]''
|Deep's Mother
|[[ZEE5]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2021 |title='Jeet Ki Zid': Amit Sadh opens up on working with Sushant Singh and Amrita Puri in Zee5 series |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-amit-sadh-opens-up-on-working-with-sushant-singh-and-amrita-puri-in-zee5-series-jeet-ki-zid-2869832 |access-date=10 February 2021 |website=DNA India |language=en |archive-date=5 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205190625/https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-amit-sadh-opens-up-on-working-with-sushant-singh-and-amrita-puri-in-zee5-series-jeet-ki-zid-2869832 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2024
|''[[Indian Police Force (TV series)|Indian Police Force]]''
|Rukhsana Malik
|[[Amazon Prime Video|Amazon prime video]]
|
|-
|2024
|''[[Paithani (TV series)|Paithani]]''
|Godavari
|[[ZEE5]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khanam |first=Arshi |title=Paithani on ZEE5: Eisha Singh aka Kaveri becomes a determined daughter in new emotionally charged promo |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/paithani-on-zee5-eisha-singh-aka-kaveri-becomes-a-determined-daughter-in-new-emotionally-charged-promo/1dab42373a627 |access-date=2024-11-15 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|}

===Films written and directed===
*''[[Rama Madhav]]'' - 2014
*''[[Prem Mhanje Prem Mhanje Prem Asta]]'' - 2013
*''[[Ti and Ti]]'' - 2019

===Television commercial===
* Popular TV commercial [[Vicco Group|Vicco]] Turmeric ayurvedic skin cream <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=When Vicco Turmeric 'nahi cosmetic' spread the love |url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/advertising/when-vicco-turmeric-nahi-cosmetic-spread-the-love/88218441 |website=ETBrandEquity |date=11 December 2021 |access-date=28 January 2023 |archive-date=7 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207044446/https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/advertising/when-vicco-turmeric-nahi-cosmetic-spread-the-love/88218441 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Awards and nominations==
Kulkarni has won following awards-
# 1994 [[Maharashtra State Film Awards]] - [[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Actress]] For Film Maajha saubhagya.
# 2001 [[Screen Award]] in the Best Actress category for her role in the Marathi film ''Jodidar'' (2000).
* Nominated [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Marathi]] for film [[Yellow]]
* She has received three nominations at the [[Filmfare Awards Marathi]] for [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Marathi|Best Supporting Actress]] for her films, & Jara Hatke (2016), ''[[Fatteshikast]]'' (2019) and ''[[Sher Shivraj]]''(2022).

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Mrinal Kulkarni}}
* {{IMDb name|0474604}}
* {{TV Guide person|mrinal-kulkarni}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes person|mrinal_kulkarni}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|mrinal-kulkarni}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulkarni, Mrinal Dev-}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:Marathi film directors]]
[[Category:Actresses from Pune]]
[[Category:Indian women film directors]]
[[Category:Film directors from Maharashtra]]

Manjul Bhargava

2026-03-12T12:26:45Z

Doonedu: new first stub nd citations

{{short description|Canadian-American mathematician (born 1974)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Manjul Bhargava
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS|size=100}}
| caption = Manjul Bhargava in 2014
| image = File:Manjul_Bhargava_FieldsMedal.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1974|8|8|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Hamilton, Ontario]], Canada
| workplaces = [[Princeton University]] [[Leiden University]] [[University of Hyderabad]]
| education = [[Harvard University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|AB]]) [[Princeton University]] ([[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])
| thesis_title = Higher composition laws
| thesis_year = 2001
| thesis_url = https://www.proquest.com/docview/304722465
| doctoral_advisor = [[Andrew Wiles]]<ref name=mathgene>{{MathGenealogy}}</ref>
| doctoral_students = {{plainlist|1=
*[[Wei Ho]]
*[[Alison Miller]]
*[[Evan O'Dorney]]
*[[Melanie Wood]]
*[[Arul Shankar]]
*[[Piper Harron]]
}}
| known_for = [[Bhargava factorial]] [[Bhargava cube]] [[15 and 290 theorems]] [[average rank of elliptic curves]]
| awards = [[Fellow of the Royal Society]] (2019) [[Padma Bhushan]] (2015) [[Fields Medal]] (2014) [[Infosys Prize]] (2012) [[Fermat Prize]] (2011) [[Cole Prize]] (2008) [[Clay Research Award]] (2005) [[SASTRA Ramanujan Prize]] (2005) [[Blumenthal Award]] (2005) [[Merten M. Hasse Prize]] (2003) [[Morgan Prize]] (1996) [[Hoopes Prize]] (1996) [[Hertz Fellowship]] (1996)
| website = {{URL|https://www.math.princeton.edu/people/manjul-bhargava}}
}}

'''Manjul Bhargava''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS}} (born 8 August 1974)<ref>{{cite book |last=Gallian |first=Joseph A. |year=2009 |title=Contemporary Abstract Algebra |location=Belmont, CA |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-0-547-16509-7 |page=571 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CnH3mlOKpsMC&q=Contemporary%20Abstract%20Algebra&pg=PA571 }}</ref> is a [[Canadian Americans|Canadian-American]] mathematician. He is the Brandon Fradd, Class of 1983, Professor of Mathematics at [[Princeton University]], the Stieltjes Professor of Number Theory<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.news.leiden.edu/news-2014/fields-medal-for-leiden-professor-of-number-theory-manjul-bhargava.html |title= Fields Medal for Leiden Professor of Number Theory Manjul Bhargava |date= 13 August 2014 |access-date= 13 August 2014}}</ref> at [[Leiden University]], and also holds Adjunct Professorships at the [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]], the [[Indian Institute of Technology Bombay]], and the [[University of Hyderabad]]. He is known primarily for his contributions to [[number theory]].

Bhargava was awarded the [[Fields Medal]] in 2014. According to the [[International Mathematical Union]] citation, he was awarded the prize "for developing powerful new methods in the [[geometry of numbers]], which he applied to count rings of small rank and to bound the average rank of elliptic curves".<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.mathunion.org/imu-awards/fields-medal/fields-medals-2014|publisher=International Mathematical Union|title=Fields Medal 2014|access-date=10 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=10 February 2021|title=Press Release - Manjul Bhargava|url=https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/Fields/2014/news_release_bhargava.pdf|website=International Mathematical Unioin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Fields Medallists 2014 awardees with brief citations {{!}} International Mathematical Union (IMU)|url=https://www.mathunion.org/imu-awards/fields-medal/fields-medal-2014/fields-medallists-2014-awardees-brief-citations|access-date=2021-02-09|website=www.mathunion.org}}</ref> He was also a member of the [[Padma Award]] committee in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2023 |title=Padma Awards Committee |url=https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2023-04/PadmaAwardsCommittee_13042023.pdf |access-date=2024-08-21 |website=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] }}</ref>

In February 2026, he became the first president of the [[National Museum of Mathematics]] (MoMath) in New York city.<ref>{{Cite web | date=2026-03-12 | title=National Museum of Mathematics Names Fields Medalist Dr. Manjul Bhargava as First President | url=https://www.citybiz.co/article/812792/national-museum-of-mathematics-names-fields-medalist-dr-manjul-bhargava-as-first-president/ | access-date=2026-03-12}}</ref>

==Education and career==
Bhargava was born to an [[India]]n family in [[Hamilton, Ontario]], Canada, but grew up and attended school primarily on [[Long Island]], [[New York (state)|New York]]. His mother Mira Bhargava, a mathematician at [[Hofstra University]], was his first mathematics teacher.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://paw.princeton.edu/article/play-fields-math |title=At Play in the Fields of Math |date=21 January 2016 |access-date=September 29, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.rediff.com/specials/2009/mar/21/fareed-zakaria-is-india-abroad-person-of-the-year.htm |title=Fareed Zakaria is India Abroad Person of the Year — Rediff.com India News |publisher=News.rediff.com |date=2009-03-21 |access-date=2014-08-14}}</ref> He completed all of his high school math and [[computer science]] courses by age 14.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaabroad-digital.com/indiaabroad/personoftheyear/?pg=29 |title=India Abroad — Archives 2003-2008 |publisher=Indiaabroad-digital.com |date=2009-12-30 |access-date=2014-08-14}}</ref> He attended [[Plainedge High School]] in [[North Massapequa, New York|North Massapequa]], and graduated in 1992 as the class [[valedictorian]]. He obtained his AB from [[Harvard University]] in 1996, where he was elected to [[Phi Beta Kappa]]. For his research as an undergraduate, he was awarded the 1996 [[Morgan Prize]]. Bhargava went on to pursue graduate studies at Princeton University, where he completed a doctoral dissertation titled "Higher composition laws" under the supervision of [[Andrew Wiles]] and received his PhD in 2001, with the support of a [[Hertz Foundation|Hertz Fellowship]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhargava |first=Manjul |url=https://catalog.princeton.edu/catalog/3399787 |title=Higher composition laws |publisher=[[Princeton University]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-493-19386-1 |editor-last=Wiles |editor-first=Andrew |language=en}}</ref> He was a visiting scholar at the [[Institute for Advanced Study]] in 2001–02,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ias.edu/people/cos/ |title=Institute for Advanced Study: A Community of Scholars |publisher=Ias.edu |access-date=2014-08-14}}</ref> and at Harvard University in 2002–03. Princeton appointed him as a tenured Full Professor in 2003. He was appointed to the Stieltjes Chair in [[Leiden University]] in 2010.

Bhargava has also studied the [[tabla]] under gurus such as [[Zakir Hussain (musician)|Zakir Hussain]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.princeton.edu/pr/pwb/03/1208/1b.shtml |title=Bhargava strikes balance among many interests |publisher=Princeton.edu |date=2003-12-08 |access-date=2014-08-14}}</ref> He also studied [[Sanskrit]] from his grandfather Purushottam Lal Bhargava, a scholar of Sanskrit and ancient Indian history.<ref>An International Conference in Honor of the 100th Birth Anniversary of Professor P. L. Bhargava {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100304065219/http://plbhargava-conference.org/bio.htm]}}</ref><ref name="Fields Medal Winner Bhargava">{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/fields-medal-winner-bhargava-2014-8 |title=Fields Medal Winner Bhargava |publisher=Business Insider |access-date=2014-08-14}}</ref> He is an admirer of Sanskrit poetry.<ref name="TOI-20140818">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Interest-at-home-among-NRIs-resurrects-Sanskrit/articleshow/40354569.cms|title=Interest at home, among NRIs resurrects Sanskrit|last=Dasgupta|first=Sucheta|date=2014-08-18|work=Times of India|access-date=18 August 2014}}</ref>

==Career and research==
Bhargava’s PhD thesis generalized [[Gauss]]'s classical law for composition of [[binary quadratic form]]s to many other situations. One major use of his results is the parametrization of quartic and quintic orders in [[Algebraic number field|number fields]], thus allowing the study of the asymptotic behavior of the arithmetic properties of these orders and fields.

His research also includes fundamental contributions to the [[representation theory]] of [[quadratic form]]s, to [[interpolation theory|interpolation problems]] and [[p-adic analysis]], to the study of [[ideal class group]]s of [[algebraic number field]]s, and to the arithmetic theory of [[elliptic curve]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.claymath.org/fas/research_fellows/Bhargava/ |title=Fellows and Scholars | Clay Mathematics Institute |publisher=Claymath.org |access-date=2014-08-14 |archive-date=17 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817060023/http://www.claymath.org/fas/research_fellows/Bhargava |url-status=dead }}</ref> A short list of his specific mathematical contributions are:

*Fourteen new Gauss-style composition laws.
*Determination of the asymptotic density of [[discriminant]]s of quartic and [[Algebraic number field|quintic number fields]].
*Proofs of the first-known cases of the [[Cohen-Lenstra-Martinet heuristics]] for [[ideal class group|class groups]].
*Proof of the [[15 and 290 theorems|15 theorem]], including an extension of the theorem to other number sets such as the odd numbers and the [[prime number]]s.
*Proof (with Jonathan Hanke) of the [[15 and 290 theorems|290 theorem]].
*A novel [[generalization]] of the [[factorial]] function, [[Bhargava factorial]],<ref name="Bhargava Factorial Function Generalization">{{cite journal | last=Bhargava | first=Manjul | title=The Factorial Function and Generalizations | journal=The American Mathematical Monthly | publisher=Informa UK Limited | volume=107 | issue=9 | year=2000 | issn=0002-9890 | doi=10.1080/00029890.2000.12005273 | pages=783–799| s2cid=18356188 }}</ref> providing an answer to a decades-old question of [[George Pólya]].<ref name="Walter de Gruyter GmbH pp. 97–116">{{cite journal | title=Über ganzwertige Polynome in algebraischen Zahlkörpern. | journal=Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik (Crelle's Journal) | publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH | volume=1919 | issue=149 | date=1919-01-01 | issn=0075-4102 | doi=10.1515/crll.1919.149.97 | pages=97–116| last1=Pólya | first1=Georg | s2cid=120316910 }}</ref>
*Proof (with Arul Shankar) that the average [[Rank of an elliptic curve|rank]] of all [[elliptic curve]]s over '''Q''' (when ordered by height) is bounded.
*Proof that most hyperelliptic curves over '''Q''' have no rational points.

In 2015, Manjul Bhargava and Arul Shankar proved the [[Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture]] for a positive proportion of elliptic curves.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bhargava |first1=Manjul |author-link=Manjul Bhargava |last2=Shankar |first2=Arul |author-link2=Arul Shankar |title=Ternary cubic forms having bounded invariants, and the existence of a positive proportion of elliptic curves having rank 0 |year=2015 |journal=[[Annals of Mathematics]] |volume=181 |issue=2 |pages=587–621 |doi=10.4007/annals.2015.181.2.4 |arxiv=1007.0052|s2cid=1456959 }}</ref>

==Awards and honours==
[[File:Four_Fields_medallists_plus_epsilon.jpg|thumb|Four Fields medallists left to right ([[:en:Artur Avila|Artur Avila]], [[:en:Martin Hairer|Martin Hairer]] (at back), [[:en:Maryam Mirzakhani|Maryam Mirzakhani]], with Maryam's daughter Anahita) and Bhargava at the ICM 2014 in Seoul]]
Bhargava has won several awards for his research, the most prestigious being the [[Fields Medal]], the highest award in the field of mathematics, which he won in 2014.

He received the [[Morgan Prize]] in 1996.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ams.org/notices/199612/comm-morgan.pdf |title=1996 AMS-MAA-SIAM Morgan Prize |access-date=2014-08-14}}</ref> and [[Hertz Fellowship]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hertzfoundation.org/dx/fellows/fellows.aspx |title=Hertz Foundation Fellows: Rare individuals elevate and inspire us through bold thinking and leadership. |access-date=2015-09-09}}</ref> He was named one of ''[[Popular Science]]'' magazine's "Brilliant 10" in November 2002. He then received a [[Clay Mathematics Institute|Clay]] 5-year Research Fellowship and the Merten M. Hasse Prize from the [[Mathematical Association of America|MAA]] in 2003,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.maa.org/awards/hasse.html |title=About the MAA |publisher=Maa.org |access-date=2014-08-14 |archive-date=10 September 1999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990910005212/http://www.maa.org/awards/hasse.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> the [[Clay Research Award]], the [[SASTRA Ramanujan Prize]], and the Leonard M. and Eleanor B. Blumenthal Award for the Advancement of Research in Pure Mathematics in 2005.

[[Peter Sarnak]] of [[Princeton University]] has said of Bhargava:<ref>[http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/2005/10/11/13413/ Bhargava GS '98 awarded Clay Research prize] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614221559/http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/2005/10/11/13413/ |date=14 June 2011 }}</ref>

{{blockquote|At mathematics he's at the very top end. For a guy so young I can't remember anybody so decorated at his age. He certainly started out with a bang and has not let it get to his head, which is unusual. Of course he couldn't do what he does if he wasn't brilliant. It's his exceptional talent that's so striking.}}

In 2008, Bhargava was awarded the [[American Mathematical Society]]'s [[Cole Prize]].<ref>{{Cite journal |date=April 2008 |title=2008 Cole Prize in Number Theory |url=https://www.ams.org/notices/200804/tx080400497p.pdf |journal=[[Notices of the American Mathematical Society]] |publisher=[[American Mathematical Society]] |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=497–498}}</ref> The citation reads:

{{blockquote|Bhargava's original and surprising contribution is the discovery of laws of composition on forms of higher degree. His techniques and insights into this question are dazzling; even in the case considered by Gauss, they lead to a new and clearer presentation of that theory.}}

In 2009, he was awarded the Face of the Future award at the India Abroad Person of the Year ceremony in New York City.<ref>{{Citation|last=Rajesh Karkera|title=The India Abroad Face of the Future Award - Manjul Bhargava|date=2009-03-22|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pimiDwd0E_A |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211214/pimiDwd0E_A |archive-date=2021-12-14 |url-status=live|access-date=2018-07-17}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In 2014, the same publication gave the India Abroad Publisher's Prize for Special Excellence.<ref>{{Citation|last=Rajesh Karkera|title=The India Abroad Publisher's Special Award for Excellence 2014: Manjul Bhargava|date=2015-06-13|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2JJYi0OilWM |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211214/2JJYi0OilWM |archive-date=2021-12-14 |url-status=live|access-date=2018-07-17}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In 2011, he was awarded the [[Fermat Prize]] for "various generalizations of the Davenport-Heilbronn estimates and for his startling recent results (with Arul Shankar) on the average rank of elliptic curves".<ref>[http://www.math.univ-toulouse.fr/PrixFermat Fermat Prize 2011] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103125517/http://www.math.univ-toulouse.fr/PrixFermat |date=3 November 2011 }}</ref> In 2012, Bhargava was named an inaugural recipient of the Simons Investigator Award,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://foundationcenter.org/pnd/news/story.jhtml?id=386600006 |title=Simons Investigator Award Recipients in Math, Physics, and Computer Science Announced |publisher=Foundationcenter.org |date=2012-07-24 |access-date=2014-08-14}}</ref> and became a fellow of the [[American Mathematical Society]] in its inaugural class of fellows.<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Fellows of the American Mathematical Society |url=https://www.ams.org/cgi-bin/fellows/fellows.cgi |access-date=2012-11-10 |website=[[American Mathematical Society]]}}</ref> He was awarded the 2012 [[Infosys Prize]] in mathematics for his "extraordinarily original work in [[algebraic number theory]], which has revolutionized the way in which [[number fields]] and [[elliptic curves]] are counted".<ref name="hindu">{{cite news
| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/subrahmanyam-chaudhuri-get-infosys-prize/article4127589.ece
| title=Subrahmanyam, Chaudhuri get Infosys Prize
| work=[[The Hindu]]
| date=24 November 2012
| access-date=24 November 2012
| location=[[Bangalore]]}}</ref>

In 2013, he was elected to the [[National Academy of Sciences]].<ref name="princeton1">{{cite web |url=http://www.math.princeton.edu/news/home-page/professor-manjul-bhargava-has-been-elected-national-academy-sciences |title=Professor Manjul Bhargava Has Been Elected to National Academy of Sciences |publisher=Math.princeton.edu |access-date=2014-08-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023054921/http://www.math.princeton.edu/news/home-page/professor-manjul-bhargava-has-been-elected-national-academy-sciences |archive-date=23 October 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

In 2014, Bhargava was awarded the [[Fields Medal]] at the [[International Congress of Mathematicians]] in [[Seoul]]<ref name="Fields Medal Winner Bhargava"/> for "developing powerful new methods in the geometry of numbers, which he applied to count rings of small rank and to bound the average rank of elliptic curves".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014/prize-citations/ |title=List of all 2014 awardees with brief citations |publisher=mathunion.org |access-date=2014-08-24 |archive-date=11 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111174206/http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014/prize-citations |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 2015, he was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]], the third-highest civilian award of India.<ref name="Padma Bhushan">{{cite web |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=114952 |title=This Year's Padma Awards announced |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] |date=25 January 2015 |access-date=2 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128022143/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=114952 |archive-date=28 January 2015 }}</ref>

In 2017, Bhargava was elected as a member of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manjul Bhargava|url=https://www.amacad.org/person/manjul-bhargava|website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences|language=en|access-date=2020-05-13}}</ref> In 2018, Bhargava was named as the inaugural occupant of The Distinguished Chair for the Public Dissemination of Mathematics at The [[National Museum of Mathematics]] (MoMath). This is the first visiting professorship in the United States dedicated exclusively to raising public awareness of mathematics.<ref>[https://www.prweb.com/releases/momath_announces_first_distinguished_chair_for_the_public_dissemination_of_mathematics_first_visiting_professorship_in_u_s_dedicated_to_raising_public_awareness_of_math/prweb15669001.htm MoMath Announces First Distinguished Chair for the Public Dissemination of Mathematics] The National Museum of Mathematics, August 2, 2018</ref> Bhargava was conferred a Fellowship at the Royal Society in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://royalsociety.org/news/2019/04/royal-society-announces-2019-fellows|title=Distinguished scientists elected as Fellows and Foreign Members of the Royal Society}}</ref>

==Selected publications==

* {{cite journal
| last = Bhargava
| first = Manjul
| url = https://maa.org/sites/default/files/pdf/upload_library/22/Hasse/00029890.di021346.02p0064l.pdf
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303182741/https://maa.org/sites/default/files/pdf/upload_library/22/Hasse/00029890.di021346.02p0064l.pdf
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 2016-03-03
| title = The Factorial Function and Generalizations
| journal = The American Mathematical Monthly
| volume = 107
| year = 2000
| pages = 783–799
| doi = 10.2307/2695734
| issue = 9
| jstor = 2695734
| citeseerx = 10.1.1.585.2265
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Bhargava
| first = Manjul
| url = http://annals.math.princeton.edu/wp-content/uploads/annals-v159-n1-p03.pdf
| title = Higher Composition Laws I: A New View on Gauss Composition, and Quadratic Generalizations
| journal = Annals of Mathematics
| volume = 159
| year = 2004
| pages = 217–250
| doi = 10.4007/annals.2004.159.217
| doi-access = free
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Bhargava
| first = Manjul
| url = http://annals.math.princeton.edu/wp-content/uploads/annals-v159-n2-p09.pdf
| title = Higher Composition Laws II: On Cubic Analogues of Gauss Composition
| journal = Annals of Mathematics
| volume = 159
| year = 2004
| pages = 865–886
| doi = 10.4007/annals.2004.159.865
| issue = 2
| doi-access = free
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Bhargava
| first = Manjul
| url = http://annals.math.princeton.edu/wp-content/uploads/annals-v159-n3-p08.pdf
| title = Higher Composition Laws III: The Parametrization of Quartic Rings
| journal = Annals of Mathematics
| volume = 159
| year = 2004
| pages = 1329–1360
| doi = 10.4007/annals.2004.159.1329
| issue = 3
| doi-access = free
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Bhargava
| first = Manjul
| url = http://annals.math.princeton.edu/wp-content/uploads/annals-v162-n2-p10.pdf
| title = The density of discriminants of quartic rings and fields
| journal = Annals of Mathematics
| volume = 162
| issue = 2
| year = 2005
| pages = 1031–1063
| doi = 10.4007/annals.2005.162.1031
| s2cid = 53482033
| doi-access = free
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Bhargava
| first = Manjul
| url = http://annals.math.princeton.edu/wp-content/uploads/annals-v167-n1-p02.pdf
| title = Higher composition laws IV: The parametrization of quintic rings
| journal = Annals of Mathematics
| volume = 167
| year = 2008
| pages = 53–94
| doi = 10.4007/annals.2008.167.53
| doi-access = free
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Bhargava
| first = Manjul
| url = http://annals.math.princeton.edu/wp-content/uploads/annals-v172-n3-p02-p.pdf
| title = The density of discriminants of quintic rings and fields
| journal = Annals of Mathematics
| volume = 172
| issue = 3
| year = 2010
| pages = 1559–1591
| doi = 10.4007/annals.2010.172.1559
| arxiv = 1005.5578
| bibcode = 2010arXiv1005.5578B
}}
* {{cite journal
|last1=Bhargava
|first1=Manjul
|last2=Satriano
|first2=Matthew
|title=On a notion of "Galois closure" for extensions of rings
|year=2014
|journal = [[Journal of the European Mathematical Society]]
|mr=3273311
|doi=10.4171/JEMS/478
|arxiv=1006.2562
|volume=16
|issue=9
|pages=1881–1913
|s2cid=18493502
}}
* {{cite journal | last1=Bhargava | first1=Manjul | last2=Shankar | first2=Arul | title=Binary quartic forms having bounded invariants, and the boundedness of the average rank of elliptic curves | year=2015 | journal=[[Annals of Mathematics]] | volume=181 | issue=1 | pages=191–242 | mr=3272925 | doi=10.4007/annals.2015.181.1.3| arxiv=1006.1002 | s2cid=111383310 }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Bhargava |first1=Manjul |last2=Shankar |first2=Arul |title=Ternary cubic forms having bounded invariants, and the existence of a positive proportion of elliptic curves having rank 0 |year=2015 |journal=[[Annals of Mathematics]] |volume=181 |issue=2 |pages=587–621 |doi=10.4007/annals.2015.181.2.4 |arxiv=1007.0052|s2cid=1456959 }}

==See also==
* [[Indians in the New York City metropolitan area]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4111253 Manjul Bhargava at NPR]
*[http://www.icts.res.in/people/9/details/41/ Manjul Bhargava at ICTS]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061116002458/http://www.hindu.com/2005/10/14/stories/2005101405840500.htm Article in The Hindu on Bhargava winning the SASTRA prize]
*[https://www.princeton.edu/pr/pwb/03/1208/1b.shtml Princeton University article by Steven Schultz]

{{FRS 2019}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2010–19}}
{{Fields medalists}}
{{Recipients of SASTRA Ramanujan Prize winners|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Portal bar|Mathematics|Biography}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhargava, Manjul}}
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian mathematicians]]
[[Category:Canadian mathematicians]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Clay Research Award recipients]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Mathematical Society]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Foreign fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Indian number theorists]]
[[Category:Fields Medalists]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]
[[Category:Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Leiden University]]
[[Category:Princeton University alumni]]
[[Category:Princeton University faculty]]
[[Category:Academics from Hamilton, Ontario]]
[[Category:People from North Massapequa, New York]]
[[Category:American academics of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering]]
[[Category:Simons Investigator]]
[[Category:Canadian fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Indian fellows of the Royal Society]]

Pushpa Dixit

2026-03-10T02:32:15Z

Doonedu: started new entry first draft.

{{Short description|Indian Sanskrit scholar (born 1943)}}
{{Multiple issues|{{Unreliable sources|date=January 2025}}}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox scholar
| name = Pushpa Dixit
| occupation = Retired Professor
| citizenship = Indian
| known_for = Paushpi Prakriya
| website = pushpadikshit.in
| honorific_prefix = Mahamahopadhyaya Dr.
| birth_place = [[Jabalpur]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| image = Dr. Pushpa Dixit (cropped).jpg
| caption = Dixit in 2024
| education = M.A. in Sanskrit (received three gold medals), Ph.D.
| birth_date = 12 June 1943
| parents = Pandit Sundarlal Shukla & Mrs. Janaki Devi Shukla
| spouse = Prof. Shiv Prasad Dixit
| native_name = पुष्पा दीक्षित
| native_name_lang = hi
| othernames = Mataji
}}
'''Pushpa Dixit''' ([[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]]: पुष्पा दीक्षित, [[IAST]]: Puṣpā Dīkṣita [[Help:IPA/Sanskrit|[puʂpɑː d̪iːkʂɪt̪ə]]]) is an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[scholar]], author, and poet who is a proponent of [[Paninian Sanskrit|Pāṇinīan Vyākaraṇam]], the study of [[Sanskrit grammar]] and linguistics on the principles of the ancient grammarian [[Pāṇini]]. Referred to as [[Mataji|Mātāji]] (respected mother), Dixit developed a new [[Teaching method|teaching methodology]] known as the Paushpi Prakriyā.

== Early life and education ==
Pushpa was born on 12 June 1943 in the city of [[Jabalpur]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]. Her father, Sundarlal Shukla, was an [[Ayurveda|Ayurvedic]] physician and [[scholar]]. Her mother was Janaki Devi Shukla. During her childhood, she followed in the footsteps of her father, who was a [[Sanskrit Grammarian|scholar of Vyakarana]], and later studied it under Vishwanath Tripathi, a leading grammarian and the principal of Krishna Bodhashram Sanskrit College in [[Jabalpur]]. She also received her [[Sanskrit]] education from three more gurus, including Ramprasad Tripathi.<ref name=":6">{{Cite AV media |url=https://pushpadikshit.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/20240903_144749.jpg |title=श्रीः ओंकारनाथमालपाणीसंस्कृतात्मापुरस्कारः |language=sa |trans-title=Śrīḥ oṁkāranāthamālapāṇīsaṁskṛtātmāpuraskāraḥ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126064512/https://pushpadikshit.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/20240903_144749.jpg |archive-date=26 January 2025 |url-status=live |format=jpg |quote=वैयाकरणशिरोमणिः आचार्य-विश्वनाथ त्रिपाठी, आचार्य सुन्दरलालजी शुक्ल, अभिनव-पाणिनिः डॉ. पं. रामप्रसादजी त्रिपाठी च इत्येतादृशैः पञ्चगुरुभिः परम्परया व्याकरणज्ञानं प्राप्तवत्यः । |trans-quote=Traditionally, the knowledge of grammar has been obtained through five gurus, including the eminent grammarian Acharya Vishwanath Tripathi, Acharya Sundarlalji Shukla, and the modern Panini, Dr. Pandit Ramprasadji Tripathi. |via=Official Website Gallery}}</ref> She [[Child marriage in India|married early]] to Shiv Prasad Dixit.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Dixit |first=Pushpa |url=https://archive.org/details/astadhyayi-sahajabodha-ii-dr.-pushpa-dixit/Astadhyayi%20Sahajabodha%20-%20I%20-Dr.%20Pushpa%20Dixit./page/n31/mode/2up?view=theater |title=अष्टाध्यायी सहजबोध: पाणिनीय अष्टाध्यायी की सर्वथा नवीन वैज्ञानिक व्याख्या |publisher=Pratibhā Prakāśana |year=1999 |isbn=81-7702-005-6 |edition=1st |series=पाणिनीय शोधसंस्थान ग्रन्थमाला |location=Delhi |pages=xxiii-xxxii |language=hi |trans-title=Aṣṭādhyāyī Sahajabodha : A Scientific Commentary of Pāṇinī's Aṣṭādhyāyī}}</ref><ref>कुमारी, मैत्रेयी. आधुनिक संस्कृत साहित्य. विद्यानिधि प्रकाशन. दिल्ली. 2017</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=पाठक |first=जगन्नाथ |url=https://archive.org/details/07._20210816SanskritVangmayaKaBtihatItihas7AadhunikSanskritSahitya/page/n1/mode/1up?q=%22%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%22 |title=आधुनिक संस्कृत‌ साहित्य का इतिहास |publisher=उत्तर प्रदेश संस्कृत संस्थान |year=2000 |editor-last=उपाध्याय |editor-first=बलदेव |edition=1st |location=Lucknow |pages=343–344 |language=hi |trans-title=History of Modern Sanskrit Literature }}</ref>

Dixit completed her [[Acharya#Acharya (degree)|postgraduate degree in Sanskrit]] with three gold medals from [[Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=डॉ. देशराज |url=https://egyankosh.ac.in/handle/123456789/99392 |title=आधुनिक संस्कृत‌ साहित्य |date=July 2023 |publisher=[[IGNOU]] |edition=1st |location=Delhi |pages=136–148 |language=hi |trans-title=Contemporary Sanskrit Literature |chapter=ब्रूहि कोऽस्मिन् युगे कालिदासायते (डॉ. पुष्पा दीक्षित) |trans-chapter=Tell me, in this age, who is like Kalidasa? (Dr. Pushpa Dixit) |id=BSKC-109 |chapter-url=https://www.egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/99410/1/Unit-10.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416143425/https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/99410/1/Unit-10.pdf |archive-format=PDF |archive-date=16 April 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":6" /> Dixit pursued her higher education at the same university, where she earned her [[Ph.D.]] degree.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Jha |first=Ajay |date=October 2021 |title=आधुनिक संस्कृत विदुषी एवं कवयित्री पुष्पा दीक्षित |trans-title=Modern Sanskrit scholar and poetess Pushpa Dixit |url=http://www.sahityasetu.co.in/issue65/ajayjha.html |url-status=live |journal=Sahityasetu |issue=65 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115173552/http://www.sahityasetu.co.in/issue65/ajayjha.html |archive-date=15 January 2025}}</ref>

== Academic career ==
She served as the head of the Sanskrit department at [[Government Girls Post Graduate College, Rampur|Government Girls Postgraduate College]] in [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]].<ref name=":1" /> She remained at service for almost 39 years.

Dixit participated in national-level [[Kāvya|Sanskrit poetry]] conferences and was selected as one of the 15 national Sanskrit poets to recite poetry at the 13th [[World Sanskrit Conference]] held at the [[University of Edinburgh]], [[Scotland]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Brockington |first=John |title=Report on the Thirteenth World Sanskrit Conference |url=https://archive.org/details/indologicataurinensia_202204/volumes/vol32/XXXII_Report/mode/1up?q=%22pushpa+dixit%22 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=The Internet Archive}}</ref>

To promote the study of [[Panini's grammar|Pānini's grammar]], Dixit organizes workshops, both [[Online classes|online]] and offline through her institution, Pāṇini Shodh Sansthān, in [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]], [[Chhattisgarh]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shukla |first=CK |date=3 January 2025 |title=डॉ. पालेश्वर प्रसाद शर्मा की पुण्य तिथि : डॉ. पुष्पा दीक्षित बोलीं- उनकी रचनाओं को पढ़कर छत्तीसगढ़ को जान सकते हैं |trans-title=Dr. Paleshwar Prasad Sharma's death anniversary: Dr. Pushpa Dixit said - One can learn about Chhattisgarh by reading his works |url=https://www.haribhoomi.com/state-local/chhattishgarh/news/dr-paleshwar-prasad-sharma-death-anniversary-banmali-creation-center-bilaspur-65348 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115153102/https://www.haribhoomi.com/state-local/chhattishgarh/news/dr-paleshwar-prasad-sharma-death-anniversary-banmali-creation-center-bilaspur-65348 |archive-date=15 January 2025 |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=हरिभूमि |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=16 June 2019 |title=संस्कृत भारत की आत्मा, इसके बिना संस्कृति अधूरी: डॉ. दुबे |trans-title=Sanskrit is the soul of India; without it, culture is incomplete: Dr. Dubey. |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/chhattisgarh/bilaspur/news/chhattisgarh-news-spirit-of-sanskrit-india-without-it-incomplete-culture-dr-dubey-063005-4783677.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701142205/https://www.bhaskar.com/chhattisgarh/bilaspur/news/chhattisgarh-news-spirit-of-sanskrit-india-without-it-incomplete-culture-dr-dubey-063005-4783677.html |archive-date=2019-07-01 |access-date=2025-01-18 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi}}</ref> [[free of cost]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2020-03-03 |title=संस्कृत वेदों का चिंतन है, इससे कई भाषाओं का जन्म हुआ : पुष्पा दीक्षित |trans-title=Sanskrit is the contemplation of the Vedas; many languages have originated from it: Pushpa Dixit. |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/delhi/bharat/bharat-news/special-story-on-sanskrit-specialist-pushpa-dixit-on-womens-day/na20200303074451206 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115154718/https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/chhattisgarh/state/bilaspur/special-story-on-sanskrit-specialist-pushpa-dixit-on-womens-day/ct20200303070804301 |archive-date=2025-01-15 |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-17 |title=संस्कृत व्याकरण शिविर में पंजीयन 30 तक - Jodhpur News |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/jodhpur/news/registration-for-sanskrit-grammar-camp-is-till-30th-133972075.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241118020759/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/jodhpur/news/registration-for-sanskrit-grammar-camp-is-till-30th-133972075.html |archive-date=2024-11-18 |access-date=2025-01-15 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi}}</ref> [[Dwelling|Accommodation]] and [[Meal|meals]] at these workshops are provided by the Kosal Sanskrit Committee.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-15 |title=बिलासपुर में संस्कृत सिखाकर गुरु दक्षिणा दे रहे अमेरिका के वरुण {{!}} बिलासपुर में संस्कृत सिखाकर गुरु दक्षिणा दे रहे अमेरिका के वरुण - Bilaspur (Chhattisgarh) News |work=dainikbhaskar |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/chh-bil-omc-mat-latest-bilaspur-news-022502-852446-nor.html |access-date=2025-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115163709/https://www.bhaskar.com/amp/news/CHH-BIL-OMC-MAT-latest-bilaspur-news-022502-852446-NOR.html |archive-date=15 January 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-05-27 |title=बिलासपुर में संस्कृत सीखकर अमेरिका में करेगी प्रचार |trans-title=After learning Sanskrit in Bilaspur, she will promote it in America. |url=https://www.naidunia.com/chhattisgarh/bilaspur-promotions-in-the-us-will-learn-sanskrit-in-bilaspur-375910 |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=Nai Dunia |language=hi}}</ref>

In [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]], Dixit has developed a new mathematical method to clarify the principles of the [[Aṣṭādhyāyī|Ashtadhyayi]], aiming to enable students to grasp the concepts of Paninian grammar in a shorter time frame.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Kamlesh |date=2025-01-04 |title=डा.पालेश्वरप्रसाद शर्मा की रचनाओं को पढ़कर छत्तीसगढ़ को जान सकते हैं - आचार्या डा.पुष्पा दीक्षित |trans-title=One can learn about Chhattisgarh by reading the works of Dr. Paleshwar Prasad Sharma - Acharya Dr. Pushpa Dixit. |url=https://knewsgroup.in/?p=2436 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115173348/https://knewsgroup.in/?p=2436 |archive-date=2025-01-15 |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=K News Group |language=hi}}</ref> The Paushpi Prakriyā focuses on understanding the essence of Pāṇini’s Aṣṭādhyāyī,<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cLZxkYtIpnk&feature=youtu.be |title=महर्षि पाणिनि और उनका शब्दविज्ञान - Dr Pushpa Dixit & Sunil Joshi {{!}} #atharvaforum |date=2021-06-19 |last=Atharva Forum |access-date=2025-01-15 |via=YouTube}}</ref> simplifying the complex rules into a [[structured learning]] path.<ref>{{Cite web |last=त्रिपाठी |first=नीलेश |date=2020-03-07 |title=डॉ. पुष्पा दीक्षित: 78 की उम्र में भी जारी है संस्कृत बचाने की मुहिम, गणितीय विधि में तैयार किया संस्कृत का फार्मूला |trans-title=Dr. Pushpa Dixit: At the age of 78, she continues the mission to preserve Sanskrit and has developed a formula for Sanskrit using mathematical methods. |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/chhattisgarh/bilaspur-dr-pushpa-dixit-continues-to-save-sanskrit-even-at-the-age-of-78-formula-prepared-in-mathematical-method-bilaspur-women-day-cgnt-2895241.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501090921/https://hindi.news18.com/news/chhattisgarh/bilaspur-dr-pushpa-dixit-continues-to-save-sanskrit-even-at-the-age-of-78-formula-prepared-in-mathematical-method-bilaspur-women-day-cgnt-2895241.html |archive-date=1 May 2024 |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=शर्मा |first=मधु |date=2018-01-29 |title=VIDEO: विदेश तक संस्कृत की अलख जगा रहीं पुष्पा दीक्षित |trans-title=Pushpa Dixit is awakening the awareness of Sanskrit even abroad. |url=https://www.naidunia.com/special-story-the-foreigners-also-begin-to-speak-sanskrit-in-the-panini-research-institute-1531731 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107142648/https://www.naidunia.com/special-story-the-foreigners-also-begin-to-speak-sanskrit-in-the-panini-research-institute-1531731 |archive-date=7 November 2019 |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=Nai Dunia |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-31 |title=World Sanskrit Day 2023 :बिलासपुर के इस संस्थान में संस्कृत सीखने आ रहे विदेशी |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/chhattisgarh/state/bilaspur/world-sanskrit-day-2023-students-coming-from-abroad-to-learn-sanskrit-in-bilaspur/ct20230831230037305305999 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115162915/https://www.etvbharat.com/amp/hindi/chhattisgarh/state/bilaspur/world-sanskrit-day-2023-students-coming-from-abroad-to-learn-sanskrit-in-bilaspur/ct20230831230037305305999 |archive-date=2025-01-15 |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":4" />

=== Paushpi Prakriyā ===
Dixit believed that the prevailing methodologies, primarily based on texts like the [[Siddhantakaumudi|Siddhānta Kaumudi]] and the [[Kāśikā]], were inefficient for contemporary learners, prompting her to create a system that could condense years of study into a much shorter period. Thus, she worked for decades to develop a mathematical method that clarifies the procedural science of the [[Aṣṭādhyāyī]], which helps learners acquire a comprehensive understanding in four months. This method has not been previously articulated since Pāṇini. By restructuring the traditional sequence of verbal forms, she reorganized the Pāṇinian [[Aṣṭādhyāyī#Dhātupāṭha|Dhātupāṭha]] while retaining all [[Sanskrit verbs#Roots|roots]], aligning them with the procedural method.<ref>{{Cite web |title=परिचय |trans-title=Introduction |url=https://pushpadikshit.in/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AF/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115135700/https://pushpadikshit.in/परिचय/ |archive-date=15 January 2025 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=महामहोपाध्यायाचार्या डॉ पुष्पा दीक्षित |language=hi}}</ref>

Dixit's approach has been praised for significantly reducing the learning time of [[Sanskrit grammar]], which traditionally took years to accomplish. Thousands of students have passed through her institution.<ref>{{Cite web |last=दास |first=कोसलेंद्र |date=2012-03-17 |title=दक्षिणमुखी : पूरी दुनिया के लिए है संस्कृत : पुष्पा दीक्षित |trans-title=Sanskrit is for the Whole World: Pushpa Dixit |url=http://kosalendradas.blogspot.com/2012/03/blog-post_17.html?m=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250116085952/http://kosalendradas.blogspot.com/2012/03/blog-post_17.html?m=1 |archive-date=16 January 2025 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=दक्षिणमुखी}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2017 |title=Dr. Pushpa Dikshit's method VS more traditional ways |url=https://groups.google.com/g/samskrita/c/i-nb1k84Nks |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118173426/https://groups.google.com/g/samskrita/c/i-nb1k84Nks |archive-date=18 January 2025 |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=Google Groups}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://sanskrit.nic.in/DigitalBook/S/sixty%20yearsvol1.pdf |title=षष्ट्यब्दसंस्कृतम् |publisher=Central Sanskrit University |year=2012 |isbn=978-81-246-0628-5 |editor-last=Tripathi |editor-first=Radhavallabh |edition=1st |volume=1 |location=New Delhi |pages=260 |language=en |trans-title=Sixty years of Sanskrit studies,1950-2010 |oclc=779774068 |editor-last2=Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021193441/https://sanskrit.nic.in/DigitalBook/S/sixty%20yearsvol1.pdf |archive-date=21 October 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=shared&v=-Msmerc3cIE |title=Dr Pushpa Dixit 2 on ETV |date=2015-04-29 |last=Fenal Shah |access-date=2025-01-15 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PiU9TBXtB6A&feature=youtu.be |title=Dr. Pushpa Dikshit - A TV Interview (News Nation) |date=2018-09-05 |last=Pushpa Dikshit |access-date=2025-01-15 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>त्रिपाठी, राधावल्लभ. संस्कृत साहित्य: बीसवीं शताब्दी. राष्ट्रिय संस्कृत संस्थान. दिल्ली. 1999</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Pushpa Dikshit |url=https://pushpadikshit.wordpress.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126153407/http://pushpadikshit.wordpress.com/ |archive-date=2022-11-26 |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=Dr. Pushpa Dikshit |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Publications ===
Along with the Paushpi Prakriya, she has published numerous works:<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Bio |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/19BRVYFKRNcvG_W4-D_5SVYBUVGy1Icjv/view?pli=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250116093342/https://drive.google.com/file/d/19BRVYFKRNcvG_W4-D_5SVYBUVGy1Icjv/view?pli=1 |archive-date=16 January 2025 |archive-format=PDF |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=Google Docs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-03 |title=मिसाल: 40 साल से संस्कृत की सेवा करने वाली पुष्पा के छात्र विदेश में मुफ्त शिक्षा दे रहे हैं |trans-title=Example: Students of Pushpa, who has been serving Sanskrit for 40 years, are providing free education abroad. |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/chhattisgarh/state/bilaspur/special-story-on-sanskrit-specialist-pushpa-dixit-on-womens-day/ct20200303070804301 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115154718/https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/chhattisgarh/state/bilaspur/special-story-on-sanskrit-specialist-pushpa-dixit-on-womens-day/ct20200303070804301 |archive-date=2025-01-15 |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=hi}}</ref>

# अष्टाध्यायी सहजबोध (Ashtadhyayi Sahajabodha) - A Scientific Commentary of Pāṇinī's Aṣṭādhyāyī" is a [[Hindi]] series of which six volumes are published.<ref name=":1" />
## सार्वधातुक खण्ड (sārva-dhātuka khaṇḍa) (1999)
## आर्धधातुकप्रकरणम् (ārdha-dhātuka prakaraṇam) (2001)
## कृदन्तप्रकरणम् (kṛdanta-prakaraṇam) (2004)
## तद्धितप्रकरणम् (taddhita-prakaraṇam) (2006)
## सुबन्तप्रक्रिया, स्त्रीप्रत्यय और द्विरुक्ति (subanta-prakriyā, strīpratyaya aura dvirukti) (2011)
## कारकप्रकरणम् तथा समासप्रक्रिया ([[Sanskrit grammar#Declension|kāraka]]-prakaraṇam tathā [[Sanskrit compound|samāsa]] prakriyā) (2016)
# पौष्पी नव्यसिद्धान्तकौमुदी (Pauṣpi Navyasiddhāntakaumudī) is a Sanskrit series of which two volumes are published.
## सुबन्तप्रक्रिया-स्त्रीप्रत्यया-द्विरुक्तिश्च (subanta-prakriyā-strīpratyayā-dviruktiśca) (2018)
## सार्वधातुकतिङ्कृत्प्रत्ययाः (sārva-dhātuka-tiṅkṛt-pratyayāḥ)
# आर्धधातुक प्रत्ययों की इडागम व्यवस्था (Ārdhadhātuka [[Suffix|Pratyayon]] kī Iḍāgama Vyavasthā)
# शीघ्रबोधव्याकरणम् (Śīghra-bodha-vyākaraṇam) (2007)<ref>{{Cite book |last=दीक्षित |first=पुष्पा |title=शीघबोधव्याकरणम् : संस्कृत व्याकरण का प्रारम्भिक प्रक्रियाग्रन्थ. पाणिनीय शोध संस्थान ग्रन्थमाला |date=2007 |publisher=प्रतिभा प्रकाशन |isbn=978-81-7702-135-6 |series=पाणिनीय शोधसंस्थान ग्रन्थमाला |location=दिल्ली |language=hi |trans-title=Śīghabodhavyākaraṇam: A Preliminary Process of Sanskrit Grammar}}</ref>
# धात्वधिकरीयं सामान्यमङ्गकार्यम् (Dhātvadhikarīyaṁ Sāmānyam-aṅga-kāryam) (2014)
# तिङन्तकोषः – त्रयो भागाः (Tiṅanta-Koṣaḥ – three parts) (2014)<ref>{{Cite book |last=दीक्षित |first=पुष्पा |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/893550858 |title=कविरसायनमित्यपरनामा तिङन्तकोषः |date=2014 |publisher=प्रतिभा प्रकाशन |isbn=978-81-7702-290-2 |edition=1st |location=दिल्ली, भारत |language=sa |trans-title=The Tiṅanta Lexicon otherwise named Kavirasāyana |oclc=893550858}}</ref>
# कृदन्तकोषः – द्वौ भागौ (Kridanta-Koṣaḥ – two parts) (2014)
# पाणिनीयं वैदिकव्याकरणम् (Pāṇinīyaṃ [[Vedic Sanskrit grammar|Vaidika-vyākaraṇam]]) (2019)
# भगवतः पाणिनेः सप्तविभागाष्टाध्यायी (Bhagavataḥ Pāṇineḥ Saptavibhāga-Aṣṭādhyāyī)
# पाणिनीयाष्टाध्यायीसूत्रपाठः प्रकरणनिर्देशसमन्वितः (Pāṇinīya Aṣṭādhyāyīsūtrapāṭhaḥ Prakaraṇanirdeśasamanvitaḥ)
==== Books published by [[Samskrita Bharati]] ====
Source:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bookstore Samskrita Bharati |url=https://www.samskritabharati.in/bookstore?sort=&book_category=Pushpaji%20Dixit-Books&type=book |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=www.samskritabharati.in |language=en}}</ref>

# पाणिनीयाष्टाध्यायीसूत्रपाठः प्रकरणनिर्देशसमन्वितः (Pāṇinīya Aṣṭādhyāyīsūtrapāṭhaḥ Prakaraṇanirdeśasamanvitaḥ) (2010)
# तिङ्कृत्कोषः – द्वौ भागौ (Tiṅkṛt Koṣaḥ) (2011) - in two parts
## सार्वधातुकखण्डः (sārva-dhātuka khaṇḍaḥ)
## आर्धधातुकखण्डः (ārdha-dhātuka khaṇḍaḥ)
# णिजन्तकोषः (Ṇijantakoṣaḥ) (2012)<ref>{{Cite book |last=दीक्षित |first=पुष्पा |title=णिजन्तकोषः |date=2012 |publisher=संस्कृतभारती |isbn=978-93-81160-46-6 |edition=1st |series=महादेवशास्त्रिग्रन्थामाला |location=नई दिल्ली |language=sa}}</ref>
# सन्नन्तकोषः (Sannantakoṣaḥ) (2012)<ref>{{Cite book |last=दीक्षित |first=पुष्पा |title=सन्नन्तकोषः |date=2012 |publisher=संस्कृतभारती |isbn=978-93-81160-47-3 |edition=1st |series=महादेवशास्त्रिग्रन्थामाला |location=नई दिल्ली |language=sa}}</ref>
# यङन्तकोषः नामधातुकोषश्च (Yaṅantakoṣaḥ nāmadhātukoṣaśca) (2012)
# यङ्लुगन्तकोषः (Yaṅlugantakoṣaḥ) (2012)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dīkṣita |first=Puṣpā |title=यङ्लुगन्तकोषः |date=2012 |publisher=संस्कृतभारती |isbn=978-93-81160-45-9 |edition=1st |series=महादेवशास्त्रिग्रन्थामाला |location=नई दिल्ली |language=sa}}</ref>
# लकारसरणिः – चत्वारो भागाः (Lakāra-saraṇiḥ) (2012) - in four parts
## लट्, लोट, लङ्, विधिलिङ्, इत्येते सार्वधातुकलकाराः (Laṭ, loṭa, laṅ, vidhiliṅ, ityete sārvadhātukalakārāḥ)
## लृट्, लृङ्, लुट्, आशीर्लिङ्, इत्येते चत्वारो लकाराः (Lṛṭ, lṛṅ, luṭ, āśīrliṅ, ityete catvāro lakārāḥ)
## लिट् लकारः (Liṭ lakāraḥ)
## लुङ् लकारः (luṅ lakāraḥ)
# इडागमः (Idāgamaḥ) (2010)
# पाणिनीयधातुपाठः - सार्थः (Pāṇinīya Dhātupāṭhaḥ - with meaning) (2019)
# प्रक्रियानुसारी पाणिनीयधातुपाठः – (Prakriyānusārī Pāṇinīya-Dhātupāṭhaḥ) (2011)
# पाणिनीयमूलधातुपाठः – प्रक्रियानुसारी (Pāṇinīya-Mūla-Dhātupāṭhaḥ – Prakriyānusārī) (2020)
# सनाद्यन्तधातुपाठः (Sanādyanta-Dhātupāṭhaḥ) (2020)
# सस्वरः पाणिनीयधातुपाठः – द्वौ भागौ (Sasvaraḥ Pāṇinīya Dhātupāṭhaḥ) (2012) – in two parts (editor)
## सार्वधातुकप्रत्ययोपयोगी (sārva-dhātuka-Pratyayopayogī)
## आर्धधातुकप्रत्ययोपयोगी (ārdha-dhātuka-Pratyayopayogī)

==== Poetry ====
Source:<ref name=":0" />
# अग्निशिखा (Agnishikhā) (1984)
# शाम्भवी (Śāmbhavī)<ref>{{Cite web |last=तिवारी |first=कौशल |date=2020-05-26 |title=वागर्थ आधुनिक संस्कृत: शाम्भवी |url=https://vagarthaadhuniksanskrit.blogspot.com/2020/05/blog-post_26.html?m=1 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=वागर्थ आधुनिक संस्कृत}}</ref> - (गीतिकाव्य){{NoteTag|A song that has qualities such as intense emotional experience, melody, expressiveness, etc., is called gītikāvya.|name=geet}}
# अपराजितवधूमहाकाव्यम् (Aparājitavadhu [[Mahakavya|Mahākāvyam]]) - [[Book editor|Editor]] and translator
# प्रबुद्धभारतम् (Prabuddhabhāratam) - Editor and translator
# सौन्दर्यलहरी (Saundaryalaharī) - [[Bhashya|commentary]] on the translation of Bacchulal Awasthi.

==== [[DVD|DVDs]] ====
# तिङन्तसिद्धिः (Tiṅantasiddhiḥ) - 46-hour [[DVD]] prepared by [[Samskrita Bharati]]
# अष्टाध्यायी की अध्ययन पद्धति (Aṣṭādhyāyī kī Adhyayana Paddhati) - 72 [[Episode|Episodes]] Series prepared by UGC to broadcast on Gyan Darshan
# तिङन्तप्रक्रिया (Tiṅantaprakriyā) - 78 Episodes Series prepared by [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]] to broadcast on Gyan Darshan
# वैदिक व्याकरणम् (vaidika vyākaraṇam) - 8 episodes created for the E-PG Pathshala{{NoteTag|e-PG Pathshala is an initiative of the MHRD under its National Mission on Education through ICT (NME-ICT) being executed by the UGC.|name=epg}}of the project of [[Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri National Sanskrit University]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dixit |first=Pushpa |title=Subject: Sanskrit (M.A) |url=https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=OcXGfDp/okkJlTwp9YnKuA== |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118140455/https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=OcXGfDp/okkJlTwp9YnKuA== |archive-date=2025-01-18 |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=e-PG Pathshala |series=P-08 |at=M-26}}</ref>
# काशी पाण्डित्य परियोजना ([[Kāśī]] Pāṇḍitya Pariyojanā) – 09 DVDs prepared by Acharya Vasistha Tripathi for Philosophy and 08 DVDs prepared by Acharya [[Ramyatna Shukla]] for [[Vyākaraṇa|Vyakarana]].

== Recognition and awards ==
* '''Certificate of Honour'''{{NoteTag|The Certificate of Honour scheme was introduced in 1958 to recognize scholars of Sanskrit, Arabic, and Persian, and was extended to include Pali/Prakrit in 1996. Awarded annually on the eve of Independence Day, it honors scholars over 60 for their significant contributions. Each awardee receives a monetary grant of Rs. 50,000 per year for life, along with a sanad and a shawl presented by the President. The scheme includes 15 awards for Sanskrit, 3 each for Arabic and Persian, and 1 for Pali/Prakrit.|name=cert}} – On 14 August 2004, the contemporary [[List of presidents of India|President of India]], [[Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]], awarded her this certificate for proficiency in [[Sanskrit literature]] and scholarship in the [[Shastra|scriptures]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Recipients of President's Certificate of Honour - 2004 |url=https://www.sanskrit.nic.in/schemes/presidential_awards.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114111022/https://www.sanskrit.nic.in/schemes/presidential_awards.php#2004 |archive-date=14 January 2025 |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=Central Sanskrit University.}}</ref>
* '''अभिनन्दनपत्रम्''' (''Letter of Commendation'') – Presented by [[Central Sanskrit University]], Jaipur Campus on the occasion of Sanskrit Week on 11 August 2011.<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.sanskrit.nic.in/AnnualReport/Annual_Report_2011_12_eng.pdf |title=Annual Report 2011-12 |date= |publisher=[[Central Sanskrit University]] |page=107 |access-date=26 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119080802/https://sanskrit.nic.in/AnnualReport/Annual_Report_2011_12_eng.pdf |archive-date=19 January 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''Vachaspati Title''' – On 26 November 2010, she was conferred the title of ''[[Doctor of Literature and Philosophy|Vachaspati]]'' (D.Litt) from [[Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri National Sanskrit University|Lal Bahadur Shastri National Sanskrit University]] for extra-ordinary knowledge of Indian [[Vidya (philosophy)|Vidya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=संस्कृत भाषा प्राचीन होते हुए भी नवीन है |trans-title=Although the Sanskrit language is ancient, it is also modern. |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/metro/delhi/other-news/-/articleshow/6997157.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250116102819/https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/metro/delhi/other-news/-/articleshow/6997157.cms |archive-date=16 January 2025 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi |quote=छत्तीसगढ़ की प्रो. पुष्पा दीक्षित को वाचस्पति की मानद उपाधि दी गई। |trans-quote=... Professor Pushpa Dikshit from Chhattisgarh was awarded the honorary title of Vachaspati.}}</ref>
* '''Mahamahopadhyaya Title''' – On 24 March 2011, [[Uttarakhand Sanskrit University]], [[Haridwar]], conferred the honorary title of [[Mahamahopadhyaya]] on its 3rd [[convocation ceremony]] for extra-ordinary knowledge of Indian [[Vidya (philosophy)|Vidya]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 2011 |title=Sanskrit is language that can bind humanity: Alva |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110325/dun.htm#9 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922125555/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110325/dun.htm#9 |archive-date=22 September 2022 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=The Tribune |place=Dehradun}}</ref>
* '''श्रीः ओंकारनाथमालपाणीसंस्कृतात्मापुरस्कारः''' (Śrīḥ Oṁkāranātha Mālapāṇī ''Saṃskṛtātma Award'') – On 21 February 2013, [[Sangamner College, Sangamner|Sangamner College]] awarded her this for her achievements in Sanskrit.<ref name=":6" />

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{official|https://pushpadikshit.in}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20221126153327/https://pushpadikshit.wordpress.com/ Official Blogspot Archive]
* [https://www.bhaskar.com/chh-bil-omc-mat-latest-bilaspur-news-030506-2679005-nor.html जलसंरक्षण पर पुष्पा (Pushpa on water conservation)]
* [https://pushpadikshit.in/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%9f-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%a1%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be Pushpa in Newspapers]

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dixit, Pushpa}}
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Hindu poets]]
[[Category:Sanskrit poets]]
[[Category:Sanskrit women poets]]
[[Category:People from Jabalpur]]
[[Category:Indian Sanskrit scholars]]
[[Category:Women writers from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Poets from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Scholars from Madhya Pradesh]]

Haryana Gramin Bank

2026-03-05T14:12:53Z

Doonedu:

{{Short description|Regional Rural Bank in Haryana, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Haryana Gramin Bank
| former_name = Sarva Haryana Gramin Bank (2013–2025)
| logo = HGB Logo.png
| caption =
| native_name = '''हरियाणा ग्रामीण बैंक'''
| native_name_lang =
| image =
| type = [[Regional Rural Bank]]
| traded_as =
| predecessor = *Haryana Gramin Bank
*Gurgaon Gramin Bank
| successor =
| foundation = {{Start date and age|2013|11|29}}
| founder =
| defunct = 
| hq_location =
| location_city = [[Rohtak]], [[Haryana]]
| location_country = [[India]]
| area_served = [[Haryana]]
| key_people = '''Sh. Sanjeev kumar Dhupar''' (Chairman)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://shgb.bank.in/about-us/board-of-directors |access-date=2025-11-28 |title=Board of directors::Haryana Gramin Bank}}</ref>
| industry = [[Financial]] [[Regional Rural Bank]]s
| products = [[Credit card]]s, [[Retail banking|consumer banking]], [[Commercial bank|corporate banking]], [[Financial services|finance and insurance]], [[investment banking]], [[mortgage loan]]s, [[private banking]], [[private equity]], [[wealth management]]
| production =
| services = {{Unbulleted list|[[Financial services]]|[[Banking]]}}
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| aum = 
| assets =
| equity =
| owner = [[Government of India]] (50%)
[[Government of Haryana]] (15%)
[[Punjab National Bank]] (35%)
| num_locations = 690 Branches
| num_employees =
| parent = [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]], [[Government of India]]
| divisions =
| subsid =
| homepage = {{URL|https://shgb.bank.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Haryana Gramin Bank'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://shgb.bank.in/ |title= Haryana Gramin Bank}}</ref> ('''HGB''') is an Indian [[Regional Rural Bank]] (RRB) in [[Haryana]] established on 2 September 2013. The bank was formed by the amalgamation of '''Haryana Gramin Bank''' and '''Gurgaon Gramin Bank'''. The amalgamation was formalized via Gazette Notification No. S.O. 3536(E), dated 29.11.2013, issued by the Ministry of Finance, Government of India. With its headquarters at [[Rohtak]], it became the sole [[Regional Rural Bank]] (RRB) operating across the state of Haryana. It currently has 690 branches in rural areas of [[Haryana]].

It functions under Regional Rural Banks' Act 1976 and is sponsored by [[Punjab National Bank]].
According to Notification No. S.O. 4833(E), the '''Sarva Haryana Gramin Bank''' has been renamed as '''Haryana Gramin Bank'''. On the request of its sponsor [[Punjab National Bank]] (PNB).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gazette Notification|url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2025/267093.pdf |access-date=2025-10-25 |website=egazette.gov.in}}</ref>

== History ==
===Sarva Haryana Gramin Bank (2013 - 2025) ===
Sarva Haryana Gramin Bank (SHGB) was one of the prominent [[Regional rural bank]]s in [[India]]. According to Notification No. S.O. 3536(E), dated 29.11.2013, issued by the Ministry of Finance, Government of India the erstwhile Haryana Gramin Bank and Gurgaon Gramin Bank were amalgamated into one entity called Sarva Haryana Gramin Bank (SHGB) , sponsored by [[Punjab National Bank]], having its Head Office at [[Rohtak]], [[Haryana]]. SHGB operates in the entire state of [[Haryana]].

On October 23, 2025, [[Ministry of Finance]], [[Government of India]] announce the renaming of several [[Regional Rural Bank]]s (RRBs) to simplify their names and align them with their states. Changes includes ''Sarva Haryana Gramin Bank'' becoming ''Haryana Gramin Bank'' and several others being renamed after requests from their sponsor banks. The functional jurisdiction and operations of these banks remain unchanged.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Government Renames Multiple Regional Rural Banks Across India |url=https://thekanal.in/en-IN/details/government-renames-multiple-regional-rural-banks-across-india-10547 |access-date=2025-10-26 |website=thekanal.in}}</ref>

=== Haryana Gramin Bank (2005-2013) ===
The Haryana Gramin Bank was a RRB in [[Haryana]], Established on December 21, 2005, through the amalgamation of Haryana Kshetriya Gramin Bank (established on 02.10.1975), Hisar Sirsa Kshetriya Gramin Bank (established in 1984), and Ambala Kurukshetra Gramin Bank (established in 1985),
all sponsored by Punjab National Bank. The Bank was operates in all districts of [[Haryana]] with its Head Office at [[Rohtak]].

=== Gurgaon Gramin Bank (1976-2013) ===
The Gurgaon Gramin Bank was a RRB in [[Haryana]], Established in 1976, under the provisions of the Regional Rural Banks Act 1976. The bank was sponsored by the [[Syndicate Bank]]. Its head office was at [[Gurgaon]].

== See also ==
{{Portal|Banks}}
* [[Regional rural bank]]
* [[List of banks in India]]
* [[Public sector banks in India]]
* [[Banking in India]]
* [[Reserve Bank of India]]
* [[Indian Financial System Code]]
* [[Make in India]]
* [[List of largest banks]]
* [[List of companies of India]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://shgb.bank.in/ Official site]
* [https://ibanking.shgb.bank.in Internet Banking]

{{Banking in India}}

[[Category:Banks established in 2013]]
[[Category:Regional rural banks of India]]
[[Category:Companies based in Haryana]]
[[Category:2013 establishments in Haryana]]
[[Category:Economy of Haryana]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2013]]
[[Category:Punjab National Bank]]

{{Asia-bank-stub}}
{{India-company-stub}}

History of Indian cuisine

2026-02-23T15:25:00Z

Doonedu: adjust formatting

{{Indian cuisine}}
{{Culture of India}}
{{About|the culinary history of the [[Indian subcontinent]] with [[India]] in focus prior to the [[partition of India]] in 1947|the modern Republic of India|Indian cuisine|[[Pakistan]] and [[Bangladesh]] in focus|Pakistani cuisine|and|Bangladeshi cuisine}}
{{Short description|none}}
The '''history of Indian cuisine''' consists of cuisine of the [[Indian subcontinent]], which is rich and diverse. The diverse climate in the region, ranging from deep tropical to alpine, has also helped considerably broaden the set of ingredients readily available to the many schools of cookery in India. In many cases, food has become a marker of religious and social identity, with varying taboos and preferences (for instance, a segment of the [[Jainism|Jain]] population consume no roots or subterranean vegetable; see [[Jain vegetarianism]]) which has also driven these groups to innovate extensively with the food sources that are deemed acceptable.

One strong influence over Indian foods is the longstanding [[vegetarianism]] within sections of [[Hinduism|Hindu]] and [[Jainism|Jain]] communities. At 31%, slightly less than a third of Indians are vegetarians.<ref name="JT_Thakrar_2007-04-22">{{cite news |url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fl20070422x4.html |title=Japanese warm to real curries and more |work=[[The Japan Times]] |last=Thakrar |first=Raju |date=22 April 2007 |access-date=2007-04-23}}</ref>

==Historic developments==
Indian cuisine reflects an [[History of India|8,000-year history]] of various groups and cultures interacting with the [[Indian subcontinent]], leading to diversity of flavours and regional cuisines found in modern-day India. Later, trade with British and [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] influence added to the already diverse Indian cuisine.<ref name="Dubey2011">{{cite book |author=Krishna Gopal Dubey |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_xiwkbgJbSQC |title=The Indian Cuisine |publisher=PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. |year=2011 |isbn=978-81-203-4170-8 |access-date=2 June 2012}}</ref><ref name="Achaya">{{cite book |author=K T Achaya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bk9RHRCqZOkC |title=The Story of Our Food |publisher=Universities Press |year=2003 |isbn=9788173712937 |access-date=18 June 2015}}</ref>

===Prehistory and Indus Valley Civilization exchanges with Sumeria and Mesopotamia===
{{See also|Meluhha|Indus–Mesopotamia relations|Indian maritime history}}

After 9000 BCE, a first period of indirect contacts between [[Fertile Crescent]] and [[Indus Valley Civilization|Indus Valley]] (IV) seems to have occurred as a consequence of the [[Neolithic Revolution]] and the diffusion of agriculture.{{refn|group=note|According to [[Ahmad Hasan Dani]], professor emeritus at [[Quaid-e-Azam University]], [[Islamabad]], the discovery of Mehrgarh "changed the entire concept of the Indus civilisation […] There we have the whole sequence, right from the beginning of settled village life.", ref "Chandler 34–42"}} Around 7000 BCE, agriculture spread from the Fertile Crescent to the Indus Valley, and wheat and barley began to be grown. [[Sesame]] and [[zebu|humped cattle]] were domesticated in the local farming communities.<ref>{{citation |last=Diamond |first=Jared |title=Guns, Germs And Steel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_BrB7kg19RgC |year=2013 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-1-4481-8020-2 |page=101}}</ref> Mehrgarh is one of the earliest sites with evidence of farming and herding in South Asia.<ref>UNESCO World Heritage. 2004. [https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1876/"]. ''Archaeological Site of Mehrgarh''</ref><ref>Hirst, K. Kris. 2005. [http://archaeology.about.com/od/mterms/g/mehrgarh.htm "Mehrgarh"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118071157/http://archaeology.about.com/od/mterms/g/mehrgarh.htm |date=2017-01-18 }}. '' Guide to Archaeology''</ref>{{refn|group=note|name="Bhirrana"|Excavations at [[Bhirrana]], Haryana, in India between 2006 and 2009, by archaeologist K.N. Dikshit, provided six artefacts, including "relatively advanced pottery," so-called [[Hakra]] ware, which were dated at a time bracket between 7380 and 6201 BCE.<ref name="indusmilleniumold">{{Cite web|url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/asia-pacific/india/121116/indus-civilization-2000-years-old-archaeologists|title=Archaeologists confirm Indian civilization is 2000 years older than previously believed |work=GlobalPost |date=16 November 2012 }}</ref><ref name="milleniumold">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/newdelhi/indus-valley-2-000-years-older-than-thought/article1-954601.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209053815/http://www.hindustantimes.com/newdelhi/indus-valley-2-000-years-older-than-thought/article1-954601.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 9, 2015|title=Indus Valley 2,000 years older than thought|date=2012-11-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Indus-era-8000-years-old-not-5500-ended-because-of-weaker-monsoon/articleshow/52485332.cms|title=Indus era 8,000 years old, not 5,500; ended because of weaker monsoon | India News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=29 May 2016 }}</ref><ref name="oldestbhirranna">{{cite web | title=History What their lives reveal| url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/ljfXtPZHUSi5eG8Di1n9YO/History--What-their-lives-reveal.html | date=2013-01-04 }}</ref> These dates compete with Mehrgarh for being the oldest site for cultural remains in the area.<ref name="oldest">{{cite news | title=Haryana's Bhirrana oldest Harappan site, Rakhigarhi Asia's largest: ASI | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Haryanas-Bhirrana-oldest-Harappan-site-Rakhigarhi-Asias-largest-ASI/articleshow/46926693.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |date=15 April 2015}}</ref> Yet, Dikshit and Mani clarify that this time-bracket concerns only charcoal samples, which were radio-carbon dated at respectively 7570–7180 BCE (sample 2481) and 6689–6201 BCE (sample 2333).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Dikshit |first=K.N. |year=2013 |title=Origin of Early Harappan Cultures in the Sarasvati Valley: Recent Archaeological Evidence and Radiometric Dates |url=http://server2.docfoc.com/uploads/Z2015/11/21/vESLakMBYz/45a03572f94e7a873d7c350293cca188.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Journal of Indian Ocean Archaeology |issue=9 |pages=131–132 |issn=0974-1747 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118032736/http://server2.docfoc.com/uploads/Z2015/11/21/vESLakMBYz/45a03572f94e7a873d7c350293cca188.pdf |archive-date=2017-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Mani |first=B.R. |year=2008 |title=Kashmir Neolithic and Early Harappan: A Linkage |url=http://archaeology.up.nic.in/doc/kneh_brm.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Pragdhara |volume=18 |page=237 |issn=0973-5003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118050909/http://archaeology.up.nic.in/doc/kneh_brm.pdf | archive-date=2017-01-18 |access-date=2017-01-17}}</ref> Dikshit further writes that the earliest phase concerns 14 shallow dwelling-pits which "could accommodate about 3–4 people."{{sfn|Dikshit|2013|p=129}} According to Dikshit, in the lowest level of these pits wheel-made Hakra Ware was found which was "not well finished,"{{sfn|Dikshit|2013|p=129}} together with other wares.{{sfn|Dikshit|2013|p=130}}}}

By 3000 BCE, [[turmeric]], [[cardamom]], [[black pepper]] and [[Mustard plant|mustard]] were harvested in India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.menumagazine.co.uk/book/dawnofhistory.html |title=Curry, Spice & All Things Nice: Dawn of History |access-date=2008-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720170653/http://www.menumagazine.co.uk/book/dawnofhistory.html |archive-date=2011-07-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://slate.com/human-interest/2013/01/indus-civilization-food-how-scientists-are-figuring-out-what-curry-was-like-4500-years-ago.html|title=Where Did Curry Come From?|first=Andrew|last=Lawler|date=January 29, 2013|magazine=Slate}}</ref>

From Around 2350 BCE the evidence for imports from the Indus to [[Ur]] in [[Mesopotamia]] have been found, as well as [[Clove]] heads which are thought to originate from the [[Moluccas]] in [[Maritime Southeast Asia]] were found in a 2nd millennium BC site in [[Terqa]].<ref name="JR14">{{cite book |last1=Reade |first1=Julian E. |title=The Indus-Mesopotamia relationship reconsidered (Gs Elisabeth During Caspers) |date=2008 |publisher=Archaeopress |isbn=978-1-4073-0312-3 |pages=14–17 |url=https://www.academia.edu/28245304 |language=en}}</ref> [[Akkadian Empire]] records mention timber, carnelian and ivory as being imported from [[Meluhha]] by Meluhhan ships, Meluhha being generally considered as the Mesopotamian name for the Indus Valley Civilization.<ref name="JMI">{{cite book |last1=McIntosh |first1=Jane |title=The Ancient Indus Valley: New Perspectives |date=2008 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576079072 |pages=182–190 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1AJO2A-CbccC&pg=PA189 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="NATC">{{cite journal |last1=Burton |first1=James H. |last2=Price |first2=T. Douglas |last3=Kenoyer |first3=J. Mark |title=A new approach to tracking connections between the Indus Valley and Mesopotamia: initial results of strontium isotope analyses from Harappa and Ur |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |date=January 2013 |volume=40 |issue=5 |pages=2286–2297 |doi=10.1016/j.jas.2012.12.040 |bibcode=2013JArSc..40.2286K |url=https://www.academia.edu/3511650 |language=en |issn=0305-4403}}</ref><ref>"The wide distribution of lower Indus Valley seals and other artifacts from the Persian Gulf to Shortughaï in the Amu Darya/ Oxus River valley in Badakhshan (northeastern Afghanistan) demonstrates long-distance maritime and overland trade connections until ca. 1800 BCE." in {{cite book |last1=Neelis |first1=Jason |title=Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks: Mobility and Exchange within and beyond the Northwestern Borderlands of South Asia |date=2011 |publisher=Brill |isbn=9789004194588 |pages=94–95 |url=https://brill.com/view/title/18172 |language=en}}</ref>

===Vedic and vegetarian Buddhist exchanges with Roman empire and influence on Southeast Asia===
{{anchor | Vedic | Hindu }}
{{Main | Ayurveda | Buddhist vegetarianism | Indian Ocean trade | Silk Road | Indo-Roman trade relations | History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia | l6 = Indian influence on Southeast Asia | Filipino_cuisine#Indianised | l7= Indian influence on Filipino cuisine }}

The ancient [[Hindu]] text ''[[Mahabharata]]'' mentions rice and vegetable cooked together, and the word "pulao" or "pallao" is used to refer to the dish in ancient [[Sanskrit]] works, such as [[Yājñavalkya Smṛti]].<ref name="KTAchaya1994">{{cite book |author=K. T. Achaya |author-link=K. T. Achaya |title=Indian food: a historical companion |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-cFcH2ZHWLcC |year=1994 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=11|isbn=978-0-19-562845-6 }}</ref> [[Ayurveda]], ancient Indian system of wellness, deals with holistic approach to wellness, and it includes food, [[Dhyana in Hinduism|dhyana]] {meditation} and [[yoga]].

[[Thai cuisine]] was [[History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia#Thailand|influenced]] by [[Indian cuisine]] as recorded by the Thai monk [[Buddhadasa]] Bhikku in his writing ‘India's Benevolence to Thailand’. He wrote that Thai people learned how to use [[Ayurveda|spices]] in their food in various ways from Indians. Thais also obtained the methods of making [[Ayurveda|herbal medicines]] (Ayurveda) from the Indians. Some plants like sarabhi of family [[Clusiaceae|Guttiferae]], kanika or [[Parijata|harsinghar]], phikun or ''[[Mimusops elengi]]'' and bunnak or the [[Mesua ferrea|rose chestnut]] etc. were brought from India.<ref name="indthai">{{Cite web|url=https://www.esamskriti.com/essay-chapters.aspx?sectionname=History&subsectionname=Indian-Influence-Abroad&topicname=Historical-Ties-India-And-Thailand&chapter=1|title=Historical Ties India and Thailand|website=esamskriti.com}}</ref>

[[Filipino cuisine]], found throughout the [[Philippines]] archipelago, has been [[History of the Philippines#Indianised|historically influenced by the Indian cuisine]].<ref name=influ1>{{cite book |title=The Philippine cookbook |last=Alejandro |first=Reynaldo |year=1985 |publisher=Penguin |location=New York, New York |isbn=978-0-399-51144-8 |pages=12–14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HUaDoUF0tRwC&q=%22Philippine%20Cuisine%22%20influences&pg=PA12 |access-date=30 June 2011 }} {{cite book |title=Philippines Country Study Guide |year=2007 |publisher=Int'l Business Publications |isbn=978-1-4330-3970-6 |page=111 |quote=Throughout the centuries, the islands have incorporated the cuisine of the early Malay settlers, Arab and Chinese traders, and Spanish and American colonizers along with other Oriental and Occidental accent and flavours. }} [http://www.balitapinoy.net/philippine_cuisine.html "Philippine Cuisine."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616135618/http://www.balitapinoy.net/philippine_cuisine.html |date=2011-06-16 }} [http://www.balitapinoy.net Balitapinoy.net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723022526/http://www.balitapinoy.net/ |date=2011-07-23 }}. Retrieved July 2011. {{cite news |last=Morgolis |first=Jason |date=6 February 2014 |title=Why is it so hard to find a good Filipino restaurant? |url=http://www.pri.org/stories/2014-02-06/why-it-so-hard-find-good-filipino-restaurant#comments |newspaper=Public Radio International |access-date=17 December 2014 |quote=Philippine food has Chinese, Malaysian, Spanish and American influences — all cultures that have shaped the Philippines. }}</ref>

===Cuisine exchange with Central Asian and Islamic world===
{{Expand section|date=November 2019}}
{{ see also | Central Asians in ancient Indian literature }}

Later, arrivals from [[Arabia]], Central Asia,<ref>[http://indianfood.about.com/od/thebasics/p/northindia.htm ''The Cuisine of North India''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127014402/https://www.thespruceeats.com/cuisine-of-north-india-1957883 |date=2020-11-27 }}, about.com</ref> and centuries of trade relations and cultural exchange resulted in a significant influence on each region's cuisines, such as the adoption of the ''[[tandoor]]'' in Middle East which had originated in northwestern India.<ref name="Civitello2011">{{cite book|last=Civitello|first=Linda|title=Cuisine and Culture: A History of Food and People|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CwRE0HIIyWkC&pg=PA267|access-date=4 June 2012|date=29 March 2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-40371-6|page=267}}</ref>

===Cuisine exchange during European colonial period===
{{Expand section|date=November 2019}}
{{ see also | Colonial India | Portuguese India | British raj | Chronology of European exploration of Asia | l4= European exploration of Asia | Girmityas }}

The [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]] and [[British India|British]] during their rule introduced cooking techniques such as baking, and foods from the [[New World]] and Europe. The [[New World crops|new-world vegetables]] popular in cuisine from the Indian subcontinent include [[tomato]], [[potato]], [[sweet potatoes]], [[peanut]]s, [[Squash (plant)|squash]], and [[Capsicum|chilli]]. Most New world vegetables such as sweet potatoes, potatoes, [[Amaranth]], peanuts and [[cassava]] based [[Sago]] are allowed on Hindu fasting days. Cauliflower was introduced by the British in 1822.<ref name="Gopalakrishnan2007">{{cite book|author=T. R. Gopalakrishnan|title=Vegetable Crops|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-mTUBjSyo_UC&pg=PA209|year=2007|publisher=New India Publishing|isbn=978-81-89422-41-7|pages=209–}}</ref> In the late 18th/early 19th century, an autobiography of a Scottish [[Robert Lindsay (Sylhet)|Robert Lindsay]] mentions a [[Sylhetis|Sylheti]] man called Saeed Ullah cooking a curry for Lindsay's family. This is possibly the oldest record of Indian cuisine in the United Kingdom.<ref name="star">{{cite news|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2008/12/02/history.htm|title=Down the Surma - Origins of the Diaspora|author=Syed Zain Al-Mahmood|newspaper=[[Daily Star (Bangladesh)|Daily Star]]|date=19 December 2008|volume=7|issue=49|language=en|access-date=1 May 2019|archive-date=9 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109173600/http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2008/12/02/history.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=autobio>>{{cite book |author=Robert Lindsay |author-link=Robert Lindsay (Sylhet) |title=Lives of the Lindsays, or, A memoir of the House of Crawford and Balcarres |volume=4 |chapter=Anecdotes of an Indian life: Chapter VII |url=https://digital.nls.uk/95568541 |location=Wigan |publisher=C. S. Simms |page=99}}</ref>

==Contemporary developments==
{{see also|Greater India|Indosphere|Indianization of Southeast Asia|History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia}}

In 2019, according to data released by United Nations, 17.5 million of [[Non-resident Indian and Overseas Citizen of India|overseas Indians]] formed the world's largest [[diaspora]], including 3.4 million in UAE, 2.7 million in USA, and 2.4 million in Saudi Arabia.<ref name="etdata1">[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nri/forex-and-remittance/with-78-billion-india-still-highest-overseas-remittance-receiver/articleshow/72271170.cms With $78 billion, India still highest overseas remittance receiver], ''The Economic Times'', 28 November 2019.</ref> Indian migration has spread the culinary traditions of the subcontinent throughout the world. These cuisines have been adapted to local tastes, and have also affected local cuisines. [[Curry]]'s international appeal has been compared to that of [[pizza]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Collingham |first=Lizzie |author-link=Lizzie Collingham |date=1 February 2006 |title=Curry |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/01/books/01grim.html |access-date=5 May 2010 |work=[[The New York Times Book Review]]}}</ref> Indian tandoor dishes such as ''[[chicken tikka]]'' enjoy widespread popularity.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tandoori Village Restaurant Brisbane |url=http://www.asiarooms.com/travel-guide/australia/brisbane/what-where-to-eat/indian-restaurants-in-brisbane/tandoori-village-restaurant-brisbane.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527152720/http://www.asiarooms.com/travel-guide/australia/brisbane/what-where-to-eat/indian-restaurants-in-brisbane/tandoori-village-restaurant-brisbane.html |archive-date=May 27, 2008 |publisher=AsiaRooms.com}}</ref>

The UK's first Indian restaurant, the [[Hindoostanee Coffee House]], opened in 1810.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news |date=29 September 2005 |title=Curry house founder is honoured |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/4290124.stm |access-date=21 March 2012 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=[ARCHIVED CONTENT] Food Standards Agency – Curry factfile |url=http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2003/nov/curryfacts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101014074850/http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2003/nov/curryfacts |archive-date=2010-10-14 |access-date=2019-11-29 |work=food.gov.uk |publisher=Food Standards Agency}}</ref> By 2003, there were as many as 10,000 restaurants serving Indian cuisine in England and [[Wales]] alone; 90% of Indian restaurants in the UK are run by [[British Bangladeshis]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Akbar |first=Ahsan |date=2021-03-21 |title=From kala bhuna to shatkora curry – let's all get a taste for Bangladesh |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/21/from-kala-bhuna-to-shatkora-curry-lets-all-get-a-taste-for-bangladesh |access-date=2024-08-30 |work=The Observer |language=en-GB |issn=0029-7712}}</ref> According to Britain's [[Food Standards Agency]], the Indian food industry in the United Kingdom is worth 3.2 billion [[Pound sterling|pounds]], accounts for two-thirds of all eating out and serves about 2.5 million customers every week.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Food Standards Agency – Curry factfile |url=http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2003/nov/curryfacts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101014074850/http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2003/nov/curryfacts |archive-date=2010-10-14 |access-date=2019-11-29}}</ref> A survey by ''[[The Washington Post]]'' in 2007 stated that more than 1,200 Indian food products had been introduced into the United States since 2000.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bhide |first=Monica |date=24 January 2007 |title=Tikka in No Time |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/23/AR2007012300296_pf.html |access-date=4 June 2012 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>

Indian cuisine is very popular in Southeast Asia, due to the strong Hindu and Buddhist cultural influence in the region. Indian cuisine has had considerable influence on Malaysian cooking styles<ref name="vegvoyages.com">{{cite web |title=Nasi, Kari, Biryani & Mee |url=http://www.vegvoyages.com/food.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628154725/http://www.vegvoyages.com/food.htm |archive-date=28 June 2009 |access-date=23 June 2009 |publisher=Veg Voyages}}</ref> and also enjoys popularity in Singapore.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 February 2007 |title=Indian food gains popularity during Chinese New Year |url=http://www.hindustandainik.com/news/181_1933405,001100020009.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121145158/http://hindustandainik.com/news/181_1933405,001100020009.htm |archive-date=21 November 2008 |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Then |first=Viviane |title=Go India: Curry, my love? |url=http://www.streetdirectory.com/restaurants/singapore/reviews/restaurant-Go_India-1000000999.php}}</ref> There are numerous North and South Indian restaurants in Singapore, mostly in [[Little India, Singapore|Little India]]. Singapore is also known for [[fusion cuisine]] combining traditional [[Singaporean cuisine]] with Indian influences. Fish head curry, for example, is a local creation. Indian influence on [[Malay cuisine]] dates to the 19th century.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Food in Malaysia |url=http://www.travellersworldwide.com/11-malaysia/11-malaysia-food.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621152707/http://www.travellersworldwide.com/11-malaysia/11-malaysia-food.htm |archive-date=21 June 2012 |access-date=1 July 2012 |publisher=Travellers Worldwide |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Other cuisines which borrow inspiration from Indian cooking styles include [[Cambodian cuisine|Cambodian]], [[Lao cuisine|Lao]], [[Filipino cuisine|Filipino]], [[Vietnamese cuisine|Vietnamese]], [[Indonesian cuisine|Indonesian]], [[Thai cuisine|Thai]], and [[Burmese cuisine|Burmese]] cuisines. The spread of vegetarianism in other parts of Asia is often credited to Hindu and Buddhist practices.<ref name="Corum2000">{{cite book |author=Ann Kondo Corum |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RI9BPVDH8HsC&pg=PA174 |title=Ethnic Foods of Hawai'i |date=1 May 2000 |publisher=Bess Press |isbn=978-1-57306-117-9 |pages=174– |access-date=4 June 2012}}</ref>

A 2019 research paper by US economist [[Joel Waldfogel]], based on travel data from [[TripAdvisor]], affirmed India's [[soft power]] which ranked Indian cuisine fourth most popular. Italian, Japanese & Chinese food being top 3. Indian cuisine is especially most popular in United Kingdom, South Korea, Thailand, Japan, Germany, France and US.<ref name="Indiafood1">[https://theprint.in/world/indian-food-fourth-most-popular-in-the-world-a-study-of-cuisine-trade-finds/283119/ Indian food fourth most popular in the world, a study of cuisine trade finds], [[ThePrint]], 29 August 2019.</ref> In another 2019 survey of 25,000 people cross 34 countries, the largest fans of India cuisine who have tried it are the Indians (93%), British (84%), Singaporeans (77%), Norwegians (75%), Australians (74%), French (71%), Finnish (71%), Malaysians (70%), Indonesians (49%), Vietnamese (44%), Thai (27%), and mainland Chinese (26%).<ref name="asianage1">[https://www.asianage.com/business/in-other-news/140319/indian-cuisine-ranks-among-worlds-top-10.html Indian cuisine ranks among world’s Top 10], [[Asian Age]], 14 March 2019.</ref>

The popularity of Indian cuisine has been attributed to a large number of distinct diaspora and fusion Indian cuisines such as [[Indian Chinese cuisine]],<ref name="Mannur">{{cite book |author=Anita Mannur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bLbG-5tWKlEC&pg=PA233 |title=Culinary Fictions: Food in South Asian Diasporic Culture |publisher=Temple University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-4399-0078-9 |page=233 |access-date=21 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="Banerjee">{{cite book |author=Himadri Banerjee |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cSTEOx_Lw9MC&pg=PA132 |title=Calcutta Mosaic: Essays and Interviews on the Minority Communities of Calcutta |publisher=Anthem Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-81-905835-5-8 |page=132 |access-date=21 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="Deshpande">{{cite news |last=Deshpande |first=Shubada |date=25 October 1999 |title=Fare for the Desi Dragon |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1999/oct/25us3.htm |access-date=2012-07-21 |work=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> [[Malaysian Indian cuisine]], [[Indian Singaporean cuisine]] (based on Tamil cuisine),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.bestindianfoodcatering.com/ |website=Best Indian Food Catering}}</ref> and [[Anglo-Indian cuisine]] (developed during the British Raj in India with adoption of western dishes with Indian ingredients).<ref name="Davidson">{{cite book |author=Davidson, Alan |title=[[The Oxford Companion to Food]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-19-967733-7 |editor=Tom Jaine |edition=3rd |location=Oxford |pages=21–22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sustainable shore – October recipe – Year of Food and Drink 2015 – National Library of Scotland |url=http://www.nls.uk/year-of-food-and-drink/october |work=nls.uk |access-date=2019-11-29 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093413/http://www.nls.uk/year-of-food-and-drink/october |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Roy |first1=Modhumita |date=7 August 2010 |title=Some Like It Hot: Class, Gender and Empire in the Making of Mulligatawny Soup |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=45 |issue=32 |pages=66–75 |jstor=20764390}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Cooking under the Raj |url=http://www.india-seminar.com/2006/566/566_david_housego.htm |access-date=30 January 2008}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="200" heights="200">
Bhang eaters before two huts (6124556163).jpg|[[Bhang]] eaters from India c. 1790. Bhang is an [[cannabis edible|edible preparation]] of [[cannabis (drug)|cannabis]] native to the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It has been used in food and drink as early as 1000 BCE by [[Hindu]]s in [[ancient India]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/httpmunchies-vice-comarticlesthe-bhang-lassi-is-how-hindus-drink-themselves-high-for-shiva/ |title=The Bhang Lassi Is How Hindus Drink Themselves High for Shiva |author=Staelens, Stefanie |magazine=Vice |access-date=August 10, 2017}}</ref>
Nimmatnama-i Nasiruddin-Shahi 283.jpg|A page from the ''[[Nimatnama-i-Nasiruddin-Shahi]]'', book of delicacies and recipes. It documents the fine art of making [[kheer]].
Sweets 1.jpg|[[Medieval India]]n Manuscript Nimatnama-i-Nasiruddin-Shahi (''circa'' 16th century) showing [[samosa]]s being served.
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Indian cookbooks]]
* [[Ayurveda]]

==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist|group=note}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

{{Cuisines}}
{{Portal bar|Food|History}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:History Of Indian Cuisine}}
[[Category:History of Indian cuisine| ]]
[[Category:History of Pakistani cuisine]]
[[Category:History of food and drink]]
[[Category:South Asian cuisine]]

CBI (film series)

2026-02-18T13:17:35Z

Doonedu:

{{short description|Film series directed by K. Madhu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}

{{Infobox film
| name = CBI Film Franchise
| image =
| caption = Poster of first film
| director = [[K. Madhu]]
| producer = [[M. Mani]] (''1 - 2'') K. Madhu (''3 - 4'') [[Swargachitra Appachan]] (''5'')
| writer = [[S. N. Swamy]]
| starring = [[Mammootty]] [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] [[Jagathy Sreekumar]]
| music = [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]] (''[[Oru CBI Diary Kurippu|1]]'', ''[[Jagratha|2]]'', ''[[Sethurama Iyer CBI|3]]'', ''[[Nerariyan CBI|4]]'') [[Jakes Bejoy]] (''[[CBI 5: The Brain|5]]'')
| editing = [[V. P. Krishnan]] (''1 - 2'') P. C. Mohanan (''3 - 4'') [[A. Sreekar Prasad]] (''5'')
| cinematography = [[Vipindas]] (''1 - 2'') [[Saloo George]] (''3 - 4'') Akhil George (''5'')
| studio = Sunitha Productions (''1 - 2'') Krishnakripa (''3 - 4'') [[Swargachitra Appachan|Swargachithra Films]] (''5'')
| distributor = Aroma Movies (''1 - 2'') Swargachithra Films (''3 - 5'')
| released = {{Film date|1988| | |''1''|1989| | |''2''|2004| | |''3''|2005| | |''4''|2022| | |''5''}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''CBI Film Franchise''''' is an Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[film series]] of [[mystery films]] directed by [[K. Madhu]] and written by [[S. N. Swamy]] featuring [[Mammootty]] as [[Sethurama Iyer]], a [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) officer in the title role. The series started off in 1988 with ''[[Oru CBI Diary Kurippu]]''. The character Sethurama Iyer is said to have been inspired by a police officer named [[Radha Vinod Raju]], who in 2009 was appointed as the first chief of India's [[National Investigation Agency (India)|National Investigation Agency]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/nia-chief-inspired-hit-film-20-yrs-ago/story-6eOSyiefNxzc3pDL9e4gbO.html|title=NIA chief inspired hit film 20 yrs ago|date=18 January 2009|newspaper=Hindustan Times|accessdate=14 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl1503/15030120.htm|title=A crack investigative team|publisher=hindu|accessdate=20 August 2010}}</ref>

== Films ==
The films depicts a team of three CBI officers led by [[Sethurama Iyer]] investigating a murder case. All the films feature [[Mammootty]] as [[Sethurama Iyer]]. The other two members of the team vary in the series. All the five films that were released have ''Vikram'', the character played by [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as a CBI officer. But he is not part of the three-man team in the third film and fifth film but appears in the films for a short length. Chacko played by Mukesh appears in the first film but is not part of the team. But Chacko becomes part of the team from the second film onwards. Harry played by Suresh Gopi is present in the first movie as part of the team, but later transferred to Madras in the second sequel.

The films of the franchise are:
{|class="wikitable" style="width:65%;"
! style="text-align:center;"|Year
! style="text-align:center;"|Film
! style="text-align:center;"|Director
! style="text-align:center;"|Screenwriter
! style="text-align:center;"|Producer
! style="text-align:center;"|Composer
|-
| 1988

| ''[[Oru CBI Diary Kurippu]]''
| rowspan=5|[[K. Madhu]]
| rowspan=5|[[S. N. Swamy]]
| rowspan=2|[[M. Mani]]
| rowspan=4|[[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]]
|-
| 1989
| ''[[Jagratha]]''
|-
| 2004
| ''[[Sethurama Iyer CBI]]''
| rowspan=2|K. Madhu
|-
| 2005
| ''[[Nerariyan CBI]]''
|-
| 2022
| ''[[CBI 5: The Brain]]''
| [[Swargachitra Appachan]]
| [[Jakes Bejoy]]
|}

'''Sethurama Iyer''' ([[Malayalam]]: സേതുരാമയ്യര്‍) is a fictional character and the protagonist of the CBI film series. The character was played by [[Mammootty]] in all the films. He is an investigative officer of the [[Central Bureau of Investigation|Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)]]. Iyer's popularity is attributed to the fact that he uses his brain rather than brawn to solve cases. 
A sixth film in the franchise was announced by the director K. Madhu himself. The writer S. N. Swamy said he is not sure that whether he will be part of the crew.

== Cast and characters ==
[[File:Jagathy Mammootty Mukesh in Nerariyan Cbi.jpg|283x200px|thumb|left|Central characters Mammootty, Jagathy and Mukesh as CBI officers.]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:99%;"
! style="width:15%;"| Character
! style="width:10.5%;" | ''[[Oru CBI Diary Kurippu]]'' (1988)
! style="width:10.5%;" | ''[[Jagratha]]'' (1989)
! style="width:10.5%;" | ''[[Sethurama Iyer CBI]]'' (2004)
! style="width:10.5%;" | ''[[Nerariyan CBI]]'' (2005)
! style="width:10.5%;" | ''[[CBI 5]]'' (2022)
|-
! colspan="9" style="background-color:#ddf;" |

===Introduced in ''Oru CBI Diary Kurippu''===
|-
! scope="row" | [[Sethurama Iyer]]
| colspan="5" | [[Mammootty]]
|-
! scope="row" | Vikram
| colspan="5" | [[Jagathy Sreekumar]]
|-
! scope="row" | Chacko
| colspan="5" | [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]]
|-
! scope="row" | CI Harry
| colspan="1" | [[Suresh Gopi]]
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | DySP Devadas
| colspan="2" | [[Sukumaran]]
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | K. A. Ouseppachan
| colspan="3" | [[Janardhanan (actor)|Janardhanan]]
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Narayanan
| colspan="2" | [[Prathapachandran]]
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Omana
| colspan="1" |
[[Lissy (actress)|Lissy]]
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Annie
| colspan="1" |
[[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | John Thomas
| colspan="1" | [[Bahadoor]]
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Joy Mathew
| colspan="1" | [[Vijayaraghavan (actor)|Vijayaraghavan]]
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | SP Prabhakara Varma
| colspan="1" | [[Captain Raju]]
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | SP of CBI
| colspan="2" | [[Jagannatha Varma]]
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | C.I Alex
| colspan="2" | [[K. P. A. C. Sunny]]
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Sunny
| colspan="1" | [[Sreenath]]
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Sreenath]]
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Home Minister Bhargavan
| colspan="2" | [[C. I. Paul]]
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Police Surgeon
| colspan="2" | [[Kollam Thulasi]]
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Padathalam Mathai
| colspan="1" | [[Poojappura Ravi]]
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Mary
| colspan="1" | [[Adoor Bhavani]]
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Adoor Bhavani]]
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Sreedharan
| colspan="1" | [[T. P. Madhavan]]
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Driver Vasu
| colspan="1" | [[Kundara Johny]]
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Nun
| colspan="1" | [[Sukumari]]
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Mohammed
| colspan="1" |[[Kothuku Nanappan]]
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! colspan="9" style="background-color:#ddf;" |

===Introduced in ''Jagratha''===
|-
! scope="row" | Ashwathy
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Parvathy Jayaram]]
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Babu
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Babu Antony]]
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Adv. Janardanan Nair
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Babu Namboothiri]]
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | I.G
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[K. P. A. C. Azeez]]
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Vishwam
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Devan (actor)|Devan]]
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Kumar
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[K. B. Ganesh Kumar]]
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Mohan
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Jose (actor)|Jose]]
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Anchor
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri]]
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Kurupu
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[M. S. Thripunithura]]
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Thomas
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Paravoor Bharathan]]
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Vandana
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Sreeja]]
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Rukmini
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Kanakalatha]]
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Fake policeman
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[James (Malayalam actor)|James]]
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Suryan
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | Tony
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Rajendrababu
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | Vishnuprakash
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Hotel boy
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | Poojappura Radhakrishnan
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Union leader
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | Adinad Sasi
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! colspan="9" style="background-color:#ddf;" |

===Introduced in ''Sethurama Iyer CBI''===
|-
! scope="row" | Balagopal
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]]
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Isow Alex
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Kalabhavan Mani]]
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Ganesh
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Vineeth Kumar]]
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | DySP Sathyadas
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]]
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]]
|-
! scope="row" | Mani
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Jagadish]]
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Rachana
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Navya Nair]]
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Reshmi
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Nandana (actress)|Nandana]]
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Adiyodi
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Oduvil Unnikrishnan]]
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | CBI Director
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Kalasala Babu]]
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Bahuleyan
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Rajan P. Dev]]
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Manikunju / Zakariah
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Paravoor Ramachandran]]
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Mosi
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Geetha Vijayan]]
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Krishan Iyer
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Kunchan (actor)|Kunchan]]
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Meenakshi Iyer
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Urmila Unni]]
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Dr. Vijayalakshmi
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | Poornima Anand
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Vijayamma
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Kalpana (Malayalam actress)|Kalpana]]
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Kuzhivetty Mathai
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Mala Aravindan]]
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Fr. Gomez
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Bharath Gopi]]
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Crime branch C.I
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Shammi Thilakan]]
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Sharngadaran
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Subair]]
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Varkey
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | Punnapra Appachan
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Broker
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]]
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! colspan="9" style="background-color:#ddf;" |

===Introduced in ''Nerariyan CBI''===
|-
! scope="row" | Kapra Valiya Narayanan
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Thilakan]]
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Mythili
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Samvrutha Sunil]]
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Anitha
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Gopika]]
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Devaswam
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Indrans]]
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | George C. Nair
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Cochin Haneefa]]
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | DYSP Dhanapalan
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Augustine (actor)|Augustine]]
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | [[Assistant Superintendent of Police|ASP]] Saikumar [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | Jishnu
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Velu
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Mohan Jose]]
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Dr. Krishnan Nair
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[P. Sreekumar]]
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Mythili's Father
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[M. R. Gopakumar]]
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Dr. Krishnan Nair
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[P. Sreekumar]]
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Dr. Babu
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Rizabawa]]
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Banjamin C. Nair
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Madhu Warrier]]
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Poopparathy Vasu
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Baburaj]]
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Reshmi
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Suja Karthika]]
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Lakshmiyamma
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | Bindu Ramakrishnan
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Elizabeth C. Nair
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Bindu Panicker]]
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Mythili's mother
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Shobha Mohan]]
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Anitha's Kin
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Ambika Mohan]]
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row" | Maya
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Suvarna Mathew]]
| colspan="1" {{cEmpty}}
|-
! colspan="9" style="background-color:#ddf;" |

===Introduced in ''CBI 5''===
|-
! scope="row" | Balagopal, C.B.I. Officer
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Renji Panicker]]
|-
! scope="row" | I.G. Unnithan I.P.S
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Anoop Menon]]
|-
! scope="row" | Adv. Prathibha Sathyadas
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Asha Sarath]]
|-
! scope="row" | Paul Meijo / Mansoor / Sandeep
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Soubin Shahir]]
|-
! scope="row" | Vinay, C.B.I. Officer
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Ramesh Pisharody]]
|-
! scope="row" | Chief Minister
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Dileesh Pothan]]
|-
! scope="row" | SI Iqbal
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Sudev Nair]]
|-
! scope="row" | Mamman Varghese, C.B.I. Officer
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Edavela Babu]]
|-
! scope="row" | Sudhi, C.B.I. Officer
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Alexander Prasanth]]
|-
! scope="row" | Anwar
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | Ramesh Kottayam
|-
! scope="row" | CI Josemon
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Jayakrishnan]]
|-
! scope="row" | Dr. George Abraham
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Prathap Pothen]]
|-
! scope="row" | Home Minister Abdul Samad
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[G. Suresh Kumar]]
|-
! scope="row" | Journalist Bhasuran
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | Chandhu Karamana
|-
! scope="row" | D.Y.S.P. Babu Raj
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Santhosh Keezhattoor]]
|-
! scope="row" | Susan George / Ambika Unnithan
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Kaniha]]
|-
! scope="row" | Anitha, C.B.I. Officer
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Ansiba Hassan]]
|-
! scope="row" | Aparna
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Malavika Menon]]
|-
! scope="row" | Merlin
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Swasika]]
|-
! scope="row" | Anuja
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="1" | [[Malvika Nair]]
|}

== Timeline ==
{{ Timeline of release years
| compressempty =yes
| title = CBI film series released timeline
| 2005 = ''[[Nerariyan CBI]]''
| 2004 = ''[[Sethurama Iyer CBI]]''
| 1989 = ''[[Jagratha]]''
| 1988 = ''[[Oru CBI Diary Kurippu|Oru CBI Diarykkurippu]]''
| 2022 = ''[[CBI 5: The Brain]]''
|-}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{CBI film series}}
{{S. N. Swamy}}

[[Category:Central Bureau of Investigation in fiction]]
[[Category:Film series introduced in 1988]]
[[Category:Indian film series|CBI]]
[[Category:1980s Malayalam-language films|CBI]]
[[Category:2000s Malayalam-language films|CBI]]

Rekha Gupta ministry

2026-02-18T11:54:52Z

Doonedu: started the data w/ refs

{{Short description|13th cabinet of Delhi, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox government cabinet
| cabinet_type = Ministry
| cabinet_number = 13th
| jurisdiction = [[Delhi]]
| flag = Flag of India.svg
| flag_border = true
| incumbent =
| image = Chief Minister of Delhi, Smt. Rekha Gupta.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = '''[[Rekha Gupta]]'''
| date_formed = 20 February 2025
| date_dissolved =
| government_head = [[Rekha Gupta]]
| government_head_title = [[Chief Minister of Delhi|Chief Minister]]
| state_head = [[Vinai Kumar Saxena]]
| state_head_title = [[List of lieutenant governors of Delhi|Lt. Governor]]
| members_number =
| total_number =
| political_parties = {{Color box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|border=darkgray}} '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'''
| legislature_status = [[Majority government|Majority]]
{{Composition bar|48|70|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
| opposition_party = {{Color box|{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| opposition_leader = [[Atishi Marlena]]
| election = [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
| last_election =
| legislature_term = 5 years
| previous = [[Atishi Marlena ministry]]
| successor =
}}

The '''Rekha Gupta ministry''' represents the formation of the 13th cabinet of the Indian state [[Delhi]] under the leadership of [[Rekha Gupta]].<ref name="b883">{{cite web |last= |first= |date=27 December 2022 |title=BJP names Rekha Gupta as its Delhi mayor candidate. Who is she? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bjp-nominate-rekha-gupta-delhi-mayor-candidate-2314179-2022-12-27 |access-date=9 February 2025 |website=India Today}}</ref><ref name="q516">{{cite web |date=8 February 2025 |title=Shalimar Bagh election results 2025 highlights: BJP's Rekha Gupta breaks AAP's winning streak |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/mangolpuri-election-results-2025-highlight-saap-bandana-kumari-bjp-rekha-gupta-and-congress-parveen-kumar/articleshow/118049276.cms |access-date=9 February 2025 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

Rekha Gupta and her Cabinet ministers took oath on 20 February at Ramlila Maidan. The oath of office administered by Lieutenant Governor VK Saxena at 12:35. Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]], Union Home Minister [[Amit Shah]], BJP national president [[J. P. Nadda|J.P. Nadda]], Union Ministers, and Chief Ministers and Deputy Chief Ministers from NDA party-ruled states present at the oath taking ceremony.<ref name="Rekha Gupta takes oath as Delhi Chief Minister">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Rekha Gupta takes oath as Delhi Chief Minister |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/delhi-assembly/rekha-gupta-takes-oath-as-delhi-chief-minister/article69241758.ece |access-date=20 February 2025 |work=The Hindu |date=20 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220073457/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/delhi-assembly/rekha-gupta-takes-oath-as-delhi-chief-minister/article69241758.ece |archive-date=20 February 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="Rekha Gupta Takes Oath: A Look At Delhi Chief Minister's Wealth">{{cite news |title=Rekha Gupta Takes Oath: A Look At Delhi Chief Minister's Wealth |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/rekha-gupta-takes-oath-a-look-at-delhi-chief-ministers-wealth-7752493 |access-date=20 February 2025 |work= |publisher=NDTV |date=20 February 2025 |archive-date= |language=en}}</ref>

== Council of Ministers ==
[[File:PM attends the Oath Taking Ceremony of Chief Minister of Delhi, in New Delhi on February 20, 2025.jpg|thumb]]
Seven ministers, including Rekha Gupta as Chief Minister, were sworn in by the Lieutenant Governor [[Vinai Kumar Saxena]] at [[Ramlila Maidan]], Delhi.<ref>{{cite news |title=Who are the 6 cabinet ministers sworn in with Rekha Gupta in Delhi? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/who-are-the-6-cabinet-ministers-sworn-in-with-rekha-gupta-in-delhi/articleshow/118410272.cms |access-date=20 February 2025 |work=The Times of India |date=20 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Delhi cabinet minister's portfolio announced. Here's who got what|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/delhi-cabinet-minister-portfolio-announced-full-list-rekha-gupta-parvesh-verma-101740061439256.html|access-date=20 February 2025 |work= Hindustan Times |date=20 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="Delhi CM Rekha Gupta's Cabinet: List of ministers and portfolios">{{cite news |date=20 February 2025 |title=Delhi CM Rekha Gupta's Cabinet: List of ministers and portfolios |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/politics/delhi-cm-rekha-gupta-cabinet-list-of-ministers-and-portfolios-19561803.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220140621/https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/politics/delhi-cm-rekha-gupta-cabinet-list-of-ministers-and-portfolios-19561803.htm |archive-date=20 February 2025 |access-date=20 February 2025 |publisher=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>https://delhiassembly.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/2025-03/portfolio.pdf{{Dead link | date=September 2025 | fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>

=== Cabinet Ministers ===
{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}
!style=| Remarks
{{Cabinet table minister|title=[[Chief Minister of Delhi|'''Chief Minister''']] {{bulleted list
|General Administration
|Finance
|Planning
|Revenue
|Women & Child Development
|Land & Building
|Services
|Information & Public Relation
|Vigilance
|Administrative Reforms
|}} 
Any other department not allocated to other Ministers.
|minister1=[[Rekha Gupta]]
|minister1_party=Bharatiya Janata Party
|minister1_termstart=20 February 2025
|minister1_termend=|minister1_ref= |image=}}
{{Cabinet table minister|title={{bulleted list
|Public Works
|Legislative Affairs
|Gurudwara Elections
|Irrigation & Flood Control
|Water
|}}|minister1= [[Parvesh Verma]]
|minister1_party=Bharatiya Janata Party
|minister1_termstart=20 February 2025
|minister1_termend=|minister1_ref= |image=}}
{{Cabinet table minister|title={{bulleted list
|Home
|Power
|Education
|Higher Education
|Training & Technical Education
|}}
|minister1= [[Ashish Sood]]
|minister1_party=Bharatiya Janata Party
|minister1_termstart=20 February 2025
|minister1_termend=|minister1_ref= |image=}}
{{Cabinet table minister|title={{bulleted list
|Food & Supplies
|Forest & Environment
|Industries
|}}
|minister1= [[Manjinder Singh Sirsa]]
|minister1_party=Bharatiya Janata Party
|minister1_termstart=20 February 2025
|minister1_termend=|minister1_ref= |image=}}
{{Cabinet table minister|title={{bulleted list
|Social Welfare
|SC & ST Welfare
|Cooperative
|Elections
|}}
|minister1= [[Ravinder Indraj Singh]]
|minister1_party=Bharatiya Janata Party
|minister1_termstart=20 February 2025
|minister1_termend=|minister1_ref= |image=}}
{{Cabinet table minister|title= {{bulleted list
|Law & Justice
|Labour
|Employment
|Development
|Art & Culture
| Language
|Tourism
|}}
|minister1= [[Kapil Mishra]]
|minister1_party=Bharatiya Janata Party
|minister1_termstart=20 February 2025
|minister1_termend=|minister1_ref= |image=}}
{{Cabinet table minister|title= {{bulleted list
|Health and Family Welfare
|Transport
|Information Technology
|}}
|minister1= [[Pankaj Kumar Singh (politician)|Pankaj Kumar Singh]]
|minister1_party=Bharatiya Janata Party
|minister1_termstart=20 February 2025
|minister1_termend=|minister1_ref= |image=}}
|}

== Demographics of Council of Ministers==
{{section empty|date=May 2025}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Delhi Cabinets}}
{{Current Indian ministries}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rekha Gupta ministry}}
[[Category:Lists of current Indian state and territorial ministries]]
[[Category:2025 in Indian politics]]
[[Category:Indian ministries established in 2025|Rekha Gupta]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party state ministries of Delhi|Gupta]]
[[Category:Delhi cabinets]]
[[Category:2020s establishments in Delhi]]

2021 Sunrisers Hyderabad season

2026-02-17T13:47:39Z

Doonedu: Creating The Info More To Come

{{Short description|Indian Premier League cricket team season}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox cricket club season
| club = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| image =
| alt =
| season = [[2021 Indian Premier League|2021]]
| coach = [[Trevor Bayliss]]
| captain = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] [[Kane Williamson]]{{Efn|name=fn1|[[Kane Williamson]] replaced [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] as the captain after six matches.<ref>{{cite tweet|title=Announcement|number=1388429789250211843|access-date=16 September 2021|user=SunRisers|date=1 May 2021}}</ref>}} [[Manish Pandey]]{{Efn|name=fn2|[[Manish Pandey]] captained last match of the season with Warner, Williamson and Kumar rested for the match.<ref>{{cite tweet|title=Manish Pandey will captain the #Risers today.|number=1446469229318791168|access-date=8 October 2021|user=SunRisers|date=8 October 2021}}</ref>}}
| ground = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| comp1 = [[2021 Indian Premier League|IPL]]
| comp1 result = League stage (8th)
| prevseason = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad in 2020|2020]]
| nextseason = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad in 2022|2022]]
| most runs = [[Manish Pandey]] (292)
| most wickets = [[Rashid Khan]] (18)
| most catches = [[Abdul Samad (Indian cricketer)|Abdul Samad]] (8)
| most dismissals = [[Wriddhiman Saha]] (6)
}}
The [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] (often abbreviated as SRH) are a franchise cricket team based in [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], which plays in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL). They were one of the eight teams to compete in the [[2021 Indian Premier League]], making their ninth appearance in all IPL tournaments. The team was coached by [[Trevor Bayliss]] with [[Brad Haddin]] as assistant coach, [[Muttiah Muralitharan]] as bowling coach and [[VVS Laxman]] as mentor.<ref name="coach">{{Cite web|last=Brar|first=Hemant|title=Bowling remains Sunrisers Hyderabad's stronger suit|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2021-srh-preview-bowling-remains-sunrisers-hyderabad-s-stronger-suit-1257497|access-date=2 December 2021|date=6 April 2021|work=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref>

They began the season with a loss against the [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] and failed to qualify for the playoffs finishing eighth at the end of the tournament.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Monga|first=Sidharth|title=Rana, Tripathi, Prasidh star in KKR's opening win|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ipl-2021-1249214/sunrisers-hyderabad-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-3rd-match-1254060/match-report|access-date=2 December 2021|date=11 April 2021|work=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title='We need to improve, back to drawing board': Kane Williamson after SRH get knocked out of IPL 2021|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/we-need-to-improve-back-to-drawing-board-kane-williamson-after-srh-get-knocked-out-of-ipl-2021-101633023858739.html|access-date=2 December 2021|date=1 October 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

==Background==
On 15 December 2020, [[Tom Moody]] was appointed as the Director of Cricket for [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]].<ref name="Moody">{{cite web|last=|first=|title=Tom Moody returns to Sunrisers Hyderabad, this time as director of cricket|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2021-tom-moody-returns-to-sunrisers-hyderabad-as-director-of-cricket-1244000|access-date=22 February 2021|date=15 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|title=@TomMoodyCricket has been appointed as the Director of Cricket for SunRisers Hyderabad.|number=1338823730307289095|access-date=22 February 2021|user=SunRisers|date=15 December 2020}}</ref> He coached the Sunrisers since its inception in 2013 until the end of 2019 season. The Sunrisers won their only IPL title in 2016 under his charge.<ref name="Moody"/>

==Player acquisition==
{{main|List of 2021 Indian Premier League personnel changes}}
The Sunrisers Hyderabad retained 22 players and released five players as they announced their retention list on 20 January 2021 ahead of the auction.<ref>{{cite tweet|title=Attention #OrangeArmy #RisersRetained for #IPL2021|number=1351875424322633730|access-date=20 January 2021|user=SunRisers|date=20 January 2021}}</ref><ref name="retained">{{cite news|last=|first=|title=IPL 2021 player retention: Sunrisers Hyderabad retains Natarajan; releases Allen and Stanlake|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-2021-sunrisers-hyderabad-srh-retained-players-full-list-squad-natarajan-bhuveshwar-khaleel-allen-stanlake-sandeep/article33618039.ece|access-date=20 January 2021|date=20 January 2021|work=Sportstar}}</ref> They will enter into the auction with the remaining salary cap of {{INRConvert|10.75|c}} to fill minimum of three domestic and one overseas players' slot.<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|title=KKR keep the faith in Kuldeep, Karthik; RCB offload Morris, Finch|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2021-kkr-keep-the-faith-in-kuldeep-karthik-rcb-offload-morris-finch-1248628|access-date=20 January 2021|date=20 January 2021|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=|first=|title=IPL 2021: Here is how much money each team has left for auction|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-2021-here-is-how-much-money-each-team-has-left-for-auction-101611156979013.html|access-date=20 January 2021|date=20 January 2021|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

The players' auction took place on 18 February 2021 in [[Chennai]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/1249365.html |title=IPL 2021 player auction to be held on February 18 |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=27 January 2021}}</ref> The Sunrisers acquired services of two domestic players and an overseas player.<ref name="IPLauctionedplayers">{{cite web|last=|first=|title=IPL 2021 auction: The list of sold and unsold players|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2021-auction-the-list-of-sold-and-unsold-players-1252152|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=18 February 2021|date=18 February 2021}}</ref>

;Retained players: [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]], [[Manish Pandey]], [[Kane Williamson]], [[Jonny Bairstow]], [[Wriddhiman Saha]], [[Shreevats Goswami]], [[Priyam Garg]], [[Virat Singh]], [[Rashid Khan]], [[Vijay Shankar (cricketer)|Vijay Shankar]], [[Mohammad Nabi]], [[Abhishek Sharma (cricketer, born 2000)|Abhishek Sharma]], [[Mitchell Marsh]], [[Jason Holder]], [[Abdul Samad (Indian cricketer)|Abdul Samad]], [[Thangarasu Natarajan]], [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]], [[Shahbaz Nadeem]], [[Khaleel Ahmed]], [[Siddarth Kaul]], [[Sandeep Sharma]], [[Basil Thampi]]

;Released players: [[Sanjay Yadav (cricketer)|Sanjay Yadav]], [[Bavanaka Sandeep]], [[Billy Stanlake]], [[Fabian Allen]], [[Prithvi Raj (cricketer)|Prithvi Raj]]

;Added players: [[Jagadeesha Suchith]], [[Kedar Jadhav]], [[Mujeeb Ur Rahman]]

;Replacement players: [[Jason Roy]],<ref name="marsh-roy"/> [[Sherfane Rutherford]],<ref name="bairstow-rutherford"/> [[Umran Malik]]<ref name="umran"/>

== Squad ==
* Players with international caps are listed in '''bold'''.
* '''Year signed''' denotes the season the player first played for the team

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
|-
! No.
! Name
! Nationality
! Birth date
! Batting style
! Bowling style
! Year signed
! Salary<ref name="IPLsalary">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/auction/content/site/ipl2021|title=IPL Auction 2021|accessdate=19 February 2022|date=18 February 2021|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
! Notes
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Batsmen
|-
|1|| [[Abdul Samad (Indian cricketer)|Abdul Samad]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|2001|10|28|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg spin|leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2020 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l|lk=on}} ||
|-
|8|| [[Virat Singh]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1997|12|08|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm leg spin || style="text-align:center;"| 2020 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.9|c|lk=on}} ||
|-
|11|| [[Priyam Garg]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|2000|11|30|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2020 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.9|c}} ||
|-
|18|| '''[[Kedar Jadhav]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1985|03|26|df=y}}|| Right-handed || Right-arm [[off spin|off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2021 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2|c}} ||
|-
|20|| '''[[Jason Roy]]''' || {{cr|ENG}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1990|07|21|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm medium || style="text-align:center;"| 2021 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2|c}} ||Overseas, Replacement for Marsh.<ref name="marsh-roy">{{Cite web|title=Jason Roy signs up with Sunrisers Hyderabad as replacement for Mitchell Marsh|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/228504/jason-roy-signs-up-with-sunrisers-hyderabad-as-replacement-for-mitchell-marsh|access-date=31 March 2021|date=31 March 2021|publisher=IPLT20|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|21|| '''[[Manish Pandey]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1989|09|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|11|c}} ||
|-
|22|| '''[[Kane Williamson]]''' || {{cr|NZ}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1990|08|08|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm off break || style="text-align:center;"| 2015 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3|c}} || [[Captain (cricket)|Captain]], Overseas
|-
|31|| '''[[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1986|10|27|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm leg break || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|12|c}} || Overseas
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| All-rounders
|-
|4|| [[Abhishek Sharma (cricketer, born 2000)|Abhishek Sharma]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|2000|09|04|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Left-arm orthodox spin|orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2019 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|55|l}} ||
|-
|5|| '''[[Mitchell Marsh]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1991|10|20|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm medium-fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2020 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2|c}} || Overseas. Pulled out on 31 March for personal reasons.<ref name="marsh-roy"/>
|-
|7|| '''[[Mohammad Nabi]]''' || {{cr|AFG|2013}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1985|1|1|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm off break || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1|c}} || Overseas
|-
|59|| '''[[Vijay Shankar (cricketer)|Vijay Shankar]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1991|01|26|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm medium-fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2019 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3.2|c}} || Isolated as primary contact for [[COVID-19]].<ref name="nattu"/>
|-
|98|| '''[[Jason Holder]]''' || {{cr|BRB}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1991|11|5|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2020 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|75|l}} || Overseas
|-
| || '''[[Sherfane Rutherford]]''' || {{cr|GUY}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1998|08|15|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm medium-fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2021 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|75|l}} || Overseas, Replacement for Bairstow.<ref name="bairstow-rutherford">{{cite tweet|title=The explosive Caribbean is now a #Riser!|number=1436707307363078152|accessdate=13 September 2021|user=SunRisers|date=11 September 2021}}</ref> Pulled out on 23 September for personal reasons.<ref>{{cite tweet|title=The #SRH family conveys its heartfelt condolences to Sherfane Rutherford and his family on the passing away of his father.|number=1441052439713509381|accessdate=23 September 2021|user=SunRisers|date=23 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Wicket-keepers
|-
|6|| '''[[Wriddhiman Saha]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1984|10|24|df=y}} || Right-handed || || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.2|c}} ||
|-
|36|| [[Shreevats Goswami]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1989|05|18|df=y}} || Left-handed || || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1|c}} ||
|--
|51|| '''[[Jonny Bairstow]]''' || {{cr|ENG}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1989|09|26|df=y}} || Right-handed || || style="text-align:center;"| 2019 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2.2|c}} || Overseas. Pulled out on 11 September owing to bubble fatigue.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dobell|first=George|title=Jonny Bairstow, Chris Woakes, Dawid Malan join Jos Buttler in pulling out of IPL|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2021-jonny-bairstow-chris-woakes-dawid-malan-jos-buttler-out-of-ipl-1277604|access-date=13 September 2021|date=11 September 2021|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Bowlers
|-
|9|| '''[[Siddarth Kaul]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1990|5|19|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm medium-fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3.8|c}} ||
|-
|15|| '''[[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1990|2|5|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm medium-fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|8.5|c}} ||
|-
|19|| '''[[Rashid Khan]]''' || {{cr|AFG|2013}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1998|09|20|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm leg break || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|9|c}} || Overseas
|-
|24|| [[Umran Malik]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1999|11|22|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm medium-fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2021 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|10|l}} || Short-term replacement for Natarajan.<ref name="umran">{{cite tweet|title=Squad Update: Umran Malik, a fast bowler from Jammu & Kashmir, who was with the #Risers as a net bowler, has been added to the squad as a short-term COVID replacement for T Natarajan.|number=1441340212500520972|accessdate=24 September 2021|user=SunRisers|date=24 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
|25|| '''[[Khaleel Ahmed]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1997|12|05|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm medium-fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3|c}} ||
|-
|30|| [[Basil Thampi]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1993|09|11|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm medium-fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|95|l}} ||
|-
|44|| '''[[T. Natarajan]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1991|4|4|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm medium-fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|40|l}} || Pulled out on 22 April due to knee injury<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gollapudi|first=Nagraj|title=Natarajan out of IPL with knee injury|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2021-srh-s-t-natarajan-out-of-ipl-with-knee-injury-1260467|access-date=22 April 2021|date=22 April 2021|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref> and returned for UAE leg. Tested positive for [[COVID-19]] on 22 September.<ref name="nattu">{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=T Natarajan in isolation after testing positive for Covid-19|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2021-dc-vs-srh-t-natarajan-of-sunrisers-hyderabad-tests-positive-for-covid-19-1279004|access-date=22 September 2021|date=22 September 2021|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|45|| [[Jagadeesha Suchith]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1994|01|16|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm orthodox || style="text-align:center;"| 2021 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|30|l}} ||
|-
|66|| '''[[Sandeep Sharma]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1993|05|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm medium-fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3|c}} ||
|-
|77|| '''[[Mujeeb Ur Rahman]]''' || {{cr|AFG|2013}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|2001|03|28|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm off break || style="text-align:center;"| 2021 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.5|c}} || Overseas
|-
|88|| '''[[Shahbaz Nadeem]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1989|08|12|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm orthodox || style="text-align:center;"| 2019 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3.2|c}} ||
|}
{{Fb rs footer|u=24 September 2021|s=[https://www.iplt20.com/teams/sunrisers-hyderabad/squad IPLT20]|date=September 2021}}

==Administration and support staff==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Position
! Name
|-
| Owner
| [[Kalanithi Maran]] ([[Sun Network]])
|-
| CEO
| K Shanmughan
|-
| Director of cricket
| [[Tom Moody]]
|-
| Head coach
| [[Trevor Bayliss]]
|-
| Assistant coach
| [[Brad Haddin]]
|-
| Bowling coach
| [[Muttiah Muralitharan]]
|-
| Fielding coach
| [[Biju George]]
|-
| Physio
| Theo Kapakoulakis
|-
| Physical trainer
| [[Mario Villavarayan]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:right;"| Source:<ref name="coach"/>
|}

==Kit manufacturers and sponsors==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Kit manufacturers
!Shirt sponsor (front)
!Shirt sponsor (back)
!Chest branding
|-
|[[TYKA Sports]]
|[[J. K. Organisation|JK Lakshmi Cement]]
|Ralco Tyres
|[[Kent RO Systems]]
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align:right;"| Source :<ref>{{cite tweet|title=Our sponsors and partners for #IPL2021!|number=1379785563813806082|accessdate=14 September 2021|user=SunRisers|date=7 April 2021}}</ref> 
|}
{{col-2}}
{| border-"0"
|{{Cricket uniform
| pattern_la =
| pattern_b = _yellowshoulders
| pattern_ra =
| pattern_sh =
| pattern_so =
| leftarm = 000000
| body = FF6600
| rightarm = 000000
| pants = 000000
| title = T20 uniform
}}
|
|}
{{col-end}}

==Season overview==
===League stage===
====Standings====
{{2021 Indian Premier League Points table|team=SRH}}

====Results by match====
{{#invoke:sports rbr table|table|legendpos=b
|header=Match
|label1= Ground
| res1= [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium|H]]/[[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium|H]]/[[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium|A]]/[[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium|A]]/[[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium|H]]/[[Arun Jaitley Stadium|A]]/[[Arun Jaitley Stadium|A]]/[[Dubai International Cricket Stadium|A]]/[[Sharjah Cricket Stadium|H]]/[[Dubai International Cricket Stadium|H]]/[[Sharjah Cricket Stadium|H]]/[[Dubai International Cricket Stadium|A]]/[[Sharjah Cricket Stadium|A]]/[[Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium|H]]
|label2= Result
| res2= [[#match1|L]]/[[#match2|L]]/[[#match3|L]]/[[#match4|W]]/[[#match5|L]]/[[#match6|L]]/[[#match7|L]]/[[#match8|L]]/[[#match9|L]]/[[#match10|W]]/[[#match11|L]]/[[#match12|L]]/[[#match13|W]]/[[#match14|L]]
|label3= Position
| pos3= 7/7/8/5/7/8/8/8/8/8/8/8/8/8

| color_W = green2|text_W=Win
| color_NR = yellow2| text_NR=No Result
| color_L = red2|text_L=Loss
| text_H = Home|text_A = Away
| color_1-2=green1| color_3-4=#ffc
| source = [[#Fixtures|Fixtures]]
}}

==Fixtures==
{{main|2021 Indian Premier League #League stage}}

===League stage===
{{hatnote|All times are in [[Indian Standard Time]] ([[UTC+05:30]]).}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match1}} 11 April
| time = 19:30 | daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad (H)
| score1 = 187/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 177/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Nitish Rana]] 80 (56)
| wickets1 = [[Rashid Khan]] 2/24 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Manish Pandey]] 61[[not out|*]] (44)
| wickets2 = [[Prasidh Krishna]] 2/35 (4 overs)
| venue = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Nitish Rana]] (Kolkata Knight Riders)
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] (Ind) and [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1254060 Scorecard]
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 10 runs
| notes =
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Match 1
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match2}} 14 April
| time = 19:30 | daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad (H)
| score1 = 149/8
| score2 = 143/9
| runs1 = [[Glenn Maxwell]] 59 (41)
| wickets1 = [[Jason Holder]] 3/30 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] 54 (37)
| wickets2 = [[Shahbaz Ahmed (cricketer)|Shahbaz Ahmed]] 3/7 (2 overs)
| venue = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Glenn Maxwell]] (Royal Challengers Bangalore)
| umpires = [[Ulhas Gandhe]] (Ind) and [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1254063 Scorecard]
| result = Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 6 runs
| notes =
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Match 2
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match3}} 17 April
| time = 19:30 | daynight = yes
| team1 = (H) [[Mumbai Indians]]
| team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| score1 = 150/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 137 (19.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Quinton de Kock]] 40 (39)
| wickets1 = [[Vijay Shankar (cricketer)|Vijay Shankar]] 2/19 (3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Jonny Bairstow]] 43 (22)
| wickets2 = [[Rahul Chahar]] 3/19 (4 overs)
| venue = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Kieron Pollard]] (Mumbai Indians)
| umpires = [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ) and [[Krishnamachari Srinivasan]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1254066 Scorecard]
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 13 runs
| notes =
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Match 3
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match4}} 21 April
| time = 15:30 | daynight = yes
| team1 = (H) [[Punjab Kings]]
| team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| score1 = 120 (19.4 overs)
| score2 = 121/1 (18.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shahrukh Khan (cricketer)|Shahrukh Khan]] 22 (17)
| wickets1 = [[Khaleel Ahmed]] 3/21 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Jonny Bairstow]] 63[[not out|*]] (56)
| wickets2 = [[Fabian Allen]] 1/22 (4 overs)
| venue = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| toss = Punjab Kings won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Jonny Bairstow]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind) and [[Krishnamachari Srinivasan]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1254071 Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 9 wickets
| notes =
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Match 4
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match5}} 25 April
| time = 19:30 | daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Delhi Capitals]]
| team2 = (H) Sunrisers Hyderabad
| score1 = 159/4 (20 overs)
| score2 = 159/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Prithvi Shaw]] 53 (39)
| wickets1 = [[Siddarth Kaul]] 2/31 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kane Williamson]] 66[[not out|*]] (51)
| wickets2 = [[Avesh Khan]] 3/34 (4 overs)
| venue = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| toss = Delhi Capitals won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Prithvi Shaw]] (Delhi Capitals)
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] (Ind) and [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1254077 Scorecard]
| result = Match tied (Delhi Capitals won the [[Super Over]])
| notes = Super Over: Sunrisers Hyderabad 7/0 (1 over), Delhi Capitals 8/0 (1 over)
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Match 5
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match6}} 28 April
| time = 19:30 | daynight = yes
| team1 = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| team2 = (H) [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| score1 = 171/3 (20 overs)
| score2 = 173/3 (18.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Manish Pandey]] 61 (46)
| wickets1 = [[Lungi Ngidi]] 2/35 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ruturaj Gaikwad]] 75 (46)
| wickets2 = [[Rashid Khan]] 3/36 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Arun Jaitley Stadium]], [[Delhi]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Ruturaj Gaikwad]] (Chennai Super Kings)
| umpires = [[C. K. Nandan]] (Ind) and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1254080 Scorecard]
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 7 wickets
| notes =
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Match 6
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match7}} 2 May
| time = 15:30 | daynight = yes
| team1 = (H) [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| score1 = 220/3 (20 overs)
| score2 = 165/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Jos Buttler]] 124 (64)
| wickets1 = [[Rashid Khan]] 1/24 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Manish Pandey]] 31 (20)
| wickets2 = [[Mustafizur Rahman]] 3/20 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Arun Jaitley Stadium]], [[Delhi]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Jos Buttler]] (Rajasthan Royals)
| umpires = [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ) and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1254085 Scorecard]
| result = Rajasthan Royals won by 55 runs
| notes =
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Match 7
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match8}} 22 September
| time = 19:30 | daynight = yes
| team1 = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| team2 = [[Delhi Capitals]] (H)
| score1 = 134/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 139/2 (17.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Abdul Samad (Indian cricketer)|Abdul Samad]] 28 (21)
| wickets1 = [[Kagiso Rabada]] 3/37 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shreyas Iyer]] 47[[not out|*]] (41)
| wickets2 = [[Rashid Khan]] 1/26 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Dubai International Cricket Stadium]], [[Dubai]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Anrich Nortje]] (Delhi Capitals)
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] (Ind) and [[Richard Illingworth]] (Eng)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1254105 Scorecard]
| result = Delhi Capitals won by 8 wickets
| notes =
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Match 8
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match9}} 25 September
| time = 19:30 | daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Punjab Kings]]
| team2 = (H) Sunrisers Hyderabad
| score1 = 125/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 120/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Aiden Markram]] 27 (32)
| wickets1 = [[Jason Holder]] 3/19 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Jason Holder]] 47[[not out|*]] (29)
| wickets2 = [[Ravi Bishnoi]] 3/24 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium]], [[Sharjah]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Jason Holder]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[Yeshwant Barde]] (Ind) and [[Richard Illingworth]] (Eng)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1254107 Scorecard]
| result = Punjab Kings won by 5 runs
| notes =
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Match 9
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match10}} 27 September
| time = 19:30 | daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad (H)
| score1 = 164/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 167/3 (18.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sanju Samson]] 82[[not out|*]] (57)
| wickets1 = [[Siddarth Kaul]] 2/36 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Jason Roy]] 60 (42)
| wickets2 = [[Mahipal Lomror]] 1/22 (3 overs)
| venue = [[Dubai International Cricket Stadium]], [[Dubai]]
| toss = Rajasthan Royals won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Jason Roy]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] (Ind) and [[Navdeep Singh (cricketer)|Navdeep Singh]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1254100 Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 7 wickets
| notes =
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Match 10
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match11}} 30 September
| time = 19:30 | daynight = yes
| team1 = (H) Sunrisers Hyderabad
| team2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| score1 = 134/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 139/4 (19.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Wriddhiman Saha]] 44 (46)
| wickets1 = [[Josh Hazlewood]] 3/24 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ruturaj Gaikwad]] 45 (38)
| wickets2 = [[Jason Holder]] 3/27 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium]], [[Sharjah]]
| toss = Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Josh Hazlewood]] (Chennai Super Kings)
| umpires = [[Yeshwant Barde]] (Ind) and [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1254091 Scorecard]
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 6 wickets
| notes =
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Match 11
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match12}} 3 October
| time = 19:30 | daynight = yes
| team1 = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| team2 = (H) [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| score1 = 115/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 119/4 (19.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Kane Williamson]] 26 (21)
| wickets1 = [[Varun Chakravarthy]] 2/26 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shubman Gill]] 57 (51)
| wickets2 = [[Jason Holder]] 2/32 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Dubai International Cricket Stadium]], [[Dubai]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Shubman Gill]] (Kolkata Knight Riders)
| umpires = [[Michael Gough (cricketer)|Michael Gough]] (Eng) and [[Jayaraman Madanagopal]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1254109 Scorecard]
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 6 wickets
| notes =
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Match 12
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match13}} 6 October
| time = 19:30 | daynight = yes
| team1 = (H) [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| score1 = 141/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 137/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Jason Roy]] 44 (38)
| wickets1 = [[Harshal Patel]] 3/33 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Devdutt Padikkal]] 41 (52)
| wickets2 = [[Umran Malik]] 1/21 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium]], [[Sharjah]]
| toss = Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Kane Williamson]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[Sundaram Ravi]] (Ind) and [[Ulhas Gandhe]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1254095 Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 4 runs
| notes =
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Match 13
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match14}} 8 October
| time = 15:30 | daynight = yes
| team1 = (H) Sunrisers Hyderabad
| team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| score1 = 193/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 235/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Ishan Kishan]] 84 (32)
| wickets1 = [[Jason Holder]] 4/52 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Manish Pandey]] 69[[not out|*]] (41)
| wickets2 = [[James Neesham]] 2/28 (3 overs)
| venue = [[Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium]], [[Abu Dhabi]]
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm =
| umpires = [[Tapan Sharma]] (Ind) and [[Virender Sharma]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1254088 Scorecard]
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 42 runs
| notes =
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Match 14
}}



==Statistics==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:85%;"
|-style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! Name
! {{Tooltip | Mat | Matches}}
! Runs
! {{Tooltip | HS | High Score}}
! {{Tooltip | Ave | Batting Average}}
! {{Tooltip | SR | Strike rate}}
! {{Tooltip | Wkts | Wickets}}
! {{Tooltip | BBI | Best Bowling in an Innings}}
! {{Tooltip | Ave | Bowling Average}}
! {{Tooltip | Eco | Bowling Economy}}
! {{Tooltip | Ct | Catches}}
! {{Tooltip | St | Stumpings}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|01|1}} || {{sortname|Abdul|Samad|Abdul Samad (Indian cricketer)}} || {{sort|11|11}} || {{sort|111|111}} || {{sort|0280|28}} || {{sort|01233|12.33}} || {{sort|12758|127.58}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|191|1/9}} || {{sort|00900|9.00}} || {{sort|0900|9.00}} || {{sort|08|8}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|04|4}} || {{sortname|Abhishek|Sharma|Abhishek Sharma (cricketer, born 2000)}} || {{sort|08|8}} || {{sort|098|98}} || {{sort|0330|33}} || {{sort|01633|16.33}} || {{sort|13066|130.66}} || {{sort|04|4}} || {{sort|296|2/4}} || {{sort|01600|16.00}} || {{sort|0640|6.40}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|06|6}} || {{sortname|Wriddhiman|Saha}} || {{sort|09|9}} || {{sort|131|131}} || {{sort|0440|44}} || {{sort|01455|14.55}} || {{sort|09357|93.57}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|99999|–}} || {{sort|9999|–}} || {{sort|06|6}} || {{sort|00|0}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|07|7}} || {{sortname|Mohammad|Nabi}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|034|34}} || {{sort|0170|17}} || {{sort|01133|11.33}} || {{sort|17000|170.00}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|268|2/32}} || {{sort|04300|43.00}} || {{sort|1075|10.75}} || {{sort|05|5}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|08|8}} || {{sortname|Virat|Singh}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|015|15}} || {{sort|0110|11}} || {{sort|00750|7.50}} || {{sort|05769|57.69}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|99999|–}} || {{sort|9999|–}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|09|9}} || {{sortname|Siddarth|Kaul}} || {{sort|08|8}} || {{sort|008|8}} || {{sort|0071|7[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|10000|100.00}} || {{sort|07|7}} || {{sort|269|2/31}} || {{sort|03528|35.28}} || {{sort|0823|8.23}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|11|11}} || {{sortname|Priyam|Garg}} || {{sort|05|5}} || {{sort|072|72}} || {{sort|0290|29}} || {{sort|01440|14.40}} || {{sort|09729|97.29}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|99999|–}} || {{sort|9999|–}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|15|15}} || {{sortname|Bhuvneshwar|Kumar}} || {{sort|11|11}} || {{sort|034|34}} || {{sort|0141|14[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|03400|34.00}} || {{sort|11333|113.33}} || {{sort|06|6}} || {{sort|184|1/16}} || {{sort|05583|55.83}} || {{sort|0797|7.97}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|18|18}} || {{sortname|Kedar|Jadhav}} || {{sort|06|6}} || {{sort|055|55}} || {{sort|0190|19}} || {{sort|01375|13.75}} || {{sort|10576|105.76}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|99999|–}} || {{sort|9999|–}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|19|19}} || {{sortname|Rashid|Khan}} || {{sort|14|14}} || {{sort|083|83}} || {{sort|0220|22}} || {{sort|01037|10.37}} || {{sort|12028|120.28}} || {{sort|18|18}} || {{sort|364|3/36}} || {{sort|02083|20.83}} || {{sort|0669|6.69}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|20|20}} || {{sortname|Jason|Roy}} || {{sort|05|5}} || {{sort|150|150}} || {{sort|0600|60}} || {{sort|03000|30.00}} || {{sort|12396|123.96}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|99999|–}} || {{sort|9999|–}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|21|21}} || {{sortname|Manish|Pandey}} || {{sort|08|8}} || {{sort|292|292}} || {{sort|0691|69[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|04866|48.66}} || {{sort|12372|123.72}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|99999|–}} || {{sort|9999|–}} || {{sort|05|5}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|22|22}} || {{sortname|Kane|Williamson}} || {{sort|10|10}} || {{sort|266|266}} || {{sort|0661|66[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|04433|44.33}} || {{sort|11319|113.19}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|99999|–}} || {{sort|9999|–}} || {{sort|07|7}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|24|24}} || {{sortname|Umran|Malik}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|179|1/21}} || {{sort|04800|48.00}} || {{sort|0800|8.00}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|25|25}} || {{sortname|Khaleel|Ahmed}} || {{sort|07|7}} || {{sort|001|1}} || {{sort|0010|1}} || {{sort|00100|1.00}} || {{sort|05000|50.00}} || {{sort|05|5}} || {{sort|379|3/21}} || {{sort|04380|43.80}} || {{sort|0811|8.11}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|31|31}} || {{sortname|David|Warner|David Warner (cricketer)}} || {{sort|08|8}} || {{sort|195|195}} || {{sort|0570|57}} || {{sort|02437|24.37}} || {{sort|10773|107.73}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|99999|–}} || {{sort|9999|–}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|44|44}} || {{sortname|T.|Natarajan}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|000|0}} || {{sort|0001|0[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|168|1/32}} || {{sort|03450|34.50}} || {{sort|0862|8.62}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|45|45}} || {{sortname|Jagadeesha|Suchith}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|014|14}} || {{sort|0141|14[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|23333|233.33}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|99999|–}} || {{sort|0942|9.42}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|51|51}} || {{sortname|Jonny|Bairstow}} || {{sort|07|7}} || {{sort|248|248}} || {{sort|0631|63[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|04133|41.33}} || {{sort|14171|141.71}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|99999|–}} || {{sort|9999|–}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|01|1}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|59|59}} || {{sortname|Vijay|Shankar|Vijay Shankar (cricketer)}} || {{sort|07|7}} || {{sort|058|58}} || {{sort|0280|28}} || {{sort|01160|11.60}} || {{sort|11153|111.53}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|281|2/19}} || {{sort|03333|33.33}} || {{sort|0909|9.09}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|66|66}} || {{sortname|Sandeep|Sharma}} || {{sort|07|7}} || {{sort|008|8}} || {{sort|0081|8[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|00800|8.00}} || {{sort|11428|114.28}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|180|1/20}} || {{sort|06766|67.66}} || {{sort|0863|8.63}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|77|77}} || {{sortname|Mujeeb|Ur Rahman}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|001|1}} || {{sort|0011|1[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|10000|100.00}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|271|2/29}} || {{sort|01450|14.50}} || {{sort|0725|7.25}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|88|88}} || {{sortname|Shahbaz|Nadeem}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|000|0}} || {{sort|0000|0}} || {{sort|00000|0.00}} || {{sort|00000|0.00}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|164|1/36}} || {{sort|03600|36.00}} || {{sort|0900|9.00}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|98|98}} || {{sortname|Jason|Holder}} || {{sort|08|8}} || {{sort|085|85}} || {{sort|0471|47[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|01416|14.16}} || {{sort|11805|118.05}} || {{sort|16|16}} || {{sort|448|4/52}} || {{sort|01543|15.43}} || {{sort|0775|7.75}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|}
{{Fb rs footer|u=13 October 2021|s=[https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=13840;team=5143;type=tournament ESPNcricinfo]|date=April 2021}}

==Awards and achievements==
===Awards===
;Man of the Match
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! No.
! Date
! Player
! Opponent
! Venue
! Result
! Contribution
! Ref.
|-
| [[#match4|1]] || {{dts|21 April 2021|format=dmy}} || [[Jonny Bairstow]] || [[Punjab Kings]] || [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium|Chennai]] || Won by 9 wickets || 63[[not out|*]] (56) || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/233020/vivo-ipl-2021-match-14-pbks-vs-srh-match-report|title=Match Report: M14 - PBKS vs SRH|publisher=IPLT20|date=21 April 2020|access-date=14 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[#match9|2]] || {{dts|25 September 2021|format=dmy}} || [[Jason Holder]] || Punjab Kings || [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium|Sharjah]] || Lost by 5 runs || 3/19 (4 overs) and 47[[not out|*]] (29) || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/240463/vivo-ipl-2021-match-37-srh-vs-pbks-match-report |title=Match Report: M37 - SRH vs PBKS|publisher=IPLT20|date=25 September 2021|access-date=28 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[#match10|3]] || {{dts|27 September 2021|format=dmy}} || [[Jason Roy]] || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || [[Dubai International Cricket Stadium|Dubai]] || Won by 7 wickets || 60 (42) || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/241336/vivo-ipl-2021-match-40-srh-vs-rr-match-report |title=Match Report: M40 - SRH vs RR |publisher=IPLT20|date=27 September 2021|access-date=28 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[#match13|4]] || {{dts|6 October 2021|format=dmy}} || [[Kane Williamson]] || [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || Sharjah || Won by 4 runs || 31 (29) and 2 catches || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/244717/vivo-ipl-2021-match-52-rcb-vs-srh-match-report |title=Match Report: M52 - RCB vs SRH |publisher=IPLT20|date=6 October 2021|access-date=6 October 2021}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Achievements===
* [[Mohammad Nabi]] became the first player in the [[Indian Premier League|IPL]] history to take five catches in a single match.<ref>{{cite tweet|title=Mohammad Nabi became the first player in #IPL history to take five catches in a single innings.|number=1446505896704499721|accessdate=8 October 2021|user=SunRisers|date=8 October 2021}}</ref>

==Reaction==
[[Trevor Bayliss]] and [[Brad Haddin]] stepped down as the head-coach and assistant coach of the [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] following the last-place finish.<ref>{{cite news|last=Tagore|first=Vijay|title=Flower leaves PBKS, Bayliss moves on from SRH|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/120080/ipl-andy-flower-leaves-pbks-trevor-bayliss-moves-on-from-srh-cricbuzzcom|access-date=1 December 2021|date=23 December 2021|website=Cricbuzz}}</ref> [[VVS Laxman]] stepped down as mentor to take the job as the Director of Cricket at the [[National Cricket Academy]].<ref>{{cite news|last=|first=|title=First day, first show: VVS Laxman takes charge at NCA|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/first-day-first-show-vvs-laxman-takes-charge-at-nca/articleshow/88260251.cms|access-date=13 December 2021|date=23 December 2021|website=Times of India|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref> On 23 December 2021, [[Tom Moody]], predecessor to Bayliss, was announced as the head-coach of the Sunrisers Hyderabad for the [[2022 Indian Premier League]] with [[Simon Katich]] appointed as the assistant-coach.<ref name="coach2022"/><ref>{{cite news|last=|first=|title=IPL 2022: Brian Lara, Dale Steyn join Sunrisers' support staff; Tom Moody returns as coach|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2022-brian-lara-dale-steyn-join-sunrisers-hyderabad-support-staff-tom-moody-returns-as-coach-1294180|access-date=23 December 2021|date=23 December 2021|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> [[Dale Steyn]], [[Brian Lara]] and [[Hemang Badani]] were also appointed as pace-bowling, batting and fielding coaches.<ref name="coach2022">{{cite tweet|title=Introducing the new management/support staff of SRH for #IPL2022!|number=1473917488337342467|access-date=23 December 2021|user=SunRisers|date=23 December 2021}}</ref>

==Notes==
===Footnotes===
{{Notelist}}

===References===
{{Reflist|20em}}

==External links==
*[http://www.sunrisershyderabad.in Sunrisers Hyderabad official website]

{{2021 Indian Premier League}}
{{Sunrisers Hyderabad}}

[[Category:2021 Indian Premier League]]
[[Category:Sunrisers Hyderabad seasons]]

Geet Ramayan

2026-02-17T00:18:09Z

Doonedu: Starting a article w/ refs - done

{{Short description|1950s Marathi radio programme}}
{{good article}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox radio show
| show_name = Geet Ramayan
| format = [[Music of India|Indian music]]
| image = Geet Ramayan Book Cover.jpg
| imagesize = 200px
| caption = ''Geet Ramayan'' Book Cover. The book compiles narration and lyrics of all the songs from the radio program.
| runtime = 15 minutes
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| home_station = [[All India Radio]], [[Pune]]
| creator = [[G. D. Madgulkar]] (Author) [[Sudhir Phadke]] (Music)
| writer = [[G. D. Madgulkar]]
| exec_producer = Sitakant Lad
| narrated = [[Sudhir Phadke]]
| rec_location = Pune
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|1955|04|01}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=yes|1956|04|19}}
| num_episodes = 56
}}

'''''Geet Ramayan''''' ({{langx|mr|गीत रामायण}}, {{langx|en|The Ramayana in Songs}}) is a collection of 56 Marathi language songs chronologically describing events from the [[India]]n [[Hindu epic]], the ''[[Ramayana]]''. It was broadcast by [[All India Radio]], [[Pune]] in 1955–1956, four years before television was introduced in India. Written by [[G. D. Madgulkar]] and the songs being composed by [[Sudhir Phadke]], ''Geet Ramayan'' was acclaimed for its lyrics, music and singing. It is considered a "milestone of [[Bhavageete|Marathi light music]]" and the "most popular" Marathi version of ''Ramayana''.{{sfn|Mandpe|16 April 2011}}{{sfn|Datta|1988|p=1424–1425}}

The team of Madgulkar and Phadke presented a new song every week for a year with every song being aired first on a Friday morning and then again on Saturday and Sunday morning, between 8:45 AM and 9:00 AM [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]. The program's first song "Kuśa Lava Rāmāyaṇ Gātī" was aired on 1 April 1955. Though ''Geet Ramayan'' is based on sage [[Valmiki]]'s epic ''Ramayana'', Madgulkar chose a different narrative format and was praised for the lyrics, and was called ''Ādhunik Valmiki'' (the modern Valmiki). The ''Geet Ramayan'' is considered as "the crescendo of Madgulkar's literary vigour". Phadke mainly used [[raga]]s of [[Hindustani classical music]] to compose the songs. He also selected the raga and the [[Tala (music)|Tāla]] of a song to suit the time of the incident and the narrative mood. The poet and composer were praised for their contribution to the series.

The series showcased a total of 32 various characters from ''Ramayana''. [[Rama]] ([[avatar]] of [[Vishnu]] and hero of the ''Ramayana'') being the lead character of the series was given maximum number of songs (10), followed by eight songs for [[Sita]] (Rama's wife and avatar of the Hindu goddess [[Lakshmi]]). Madgulkar expressed their various moods, ranging from their divinity to the human weaknesses. Incidentally, the central antagonist of the ''Ramayana'' and ''Geet Ramayan'', the demon-king [[Ravana]], was not given any song. The series is narrated by [[Kusha (Ramayana)|Kusha]] and [[Lava (Ramayana)|Lava]], twin sons of Rama and Sita, and the writer of ''Ramayana'' ([[Valmiki]]) was also given one song in the series.

With increasing popularity since its release, ''Geet Ramayan'' has been translated into nine other languages: five [[Hindi]] translations and one each in [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Kannada]], [[Konkani language|Konkani]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]]. It has also been transliterated into [[Braille]].{{sfn|Aklujkar|2004|p=273}}

==Concept==
[[File:Ramapanchayan, Raja Ravi Varma (Lithograph).jpg|thumb|220px|alt=Painting of a blue Rama under a small red-and-yellow umbrella, with other characters from the Ramayana|The central figures of the ''Ramayana:'' Rama, his wife Sita, the devotee Hanuman and Rama's three brothers (Lakshmana, Bharata and Shatrughna)]]
''Geet Ramayan'' was conceptualized in 1955, four years before the introduction of television in India in 1959.{{sfn|Aklujkar|2004|p=259}}{{sfn|Rao|1992|pp=62–63}} During the early days of [[All India Radio]], Pune (also known as ''Aakashwani Pune''), station director Sitakant Lad wanted to begin a radio programme which would be entertaining and provide moral education. He hence outlined his plan to poet and writer [[G. D. Madgulkar]] (popularly known as "Ga-Di-Ma"). Since the ''Ramayana'' (written by [[Valmiki]]) is an Indian epic,{{sfn|Prabhavananda|1979|pp=81,374}} Lad and Madgulkar came up with an idea of a version in singable verse. Madgulkar accepted the challenge, enlisting his Music Director friend [[Sudhir Phadke]] (popularly known as "Babuji") for the collaboration.{{sfn|Aklujkar|2004|p=260}}

The team of Madgulkar and Phadke would present a new song every week for a year. Every song would be aired first on a Friday morning and then again on Saturday and Sunday morning, between 8:45 am and 9:00am [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]. The programme was initially planned for a year (with 52 songs) with the concluding song ''Trīvār Jayajayakār Rāmā'' where Rama becomes the King, but 1955 in the [[Hindu calendar]] had an extra month ([[Hindu calendar#Extra months (Adhika Māsa)|Adhikmās]]); therefore, four songs were added to extend the series to a total of fifty-six.{{sfn|Aklujkar|2004|p=263}} The series ended with the song "Gā Bāḷāno, Shrīrāmāyaṇ" where the part post crown ceremony was added. Apart from the number of songs, Madgulkar and Phadke left music, lyrics and choice of singers ''[[ad libitum]]''. Madgulkar was given artistic liberty for the choice of the meters for the song, execution of the story line, and the message he could convey through it.{{sfn|Aklujkar|2004|p=261}}

Initially, the programme was scheduled to begin on the occasion of [[Gudi Padwa]], beginning of the New year according to the [[Lunisolar calendar|lunisolar]] [[Hindu calendar]] but later finalized to be [[Rama Navami]], traditional birthday of Rama.{{sfn|Godbole|2009|pp=10–11}} The program's first song "Kuśa Lava Rāmāyaṇ Gātī" was aired on 1 April 1955 at 8:45 am IST.{{sfn|''Maharashtra Times''|17 April 2005}} Vidya Madgulkar, the poet's wife, recalled in an interview that Madgulkar wrote the first song and gave it to Phadke the day before the recording; however, Phadke lost the lyrics. With the broadcast already scheduled, station director Sitakant Lad requested Madgulkar to re-write the song which was readily declined by an angered poet. Lad then decided to lock the poet in one of recording rooms equipped with all the required writing material and agreed to unlock the door only when Madgulkar is ready with the lyrics. Madgulkar then rewrote the lyrics from memory in fifteen minutes so Phadke could compose the music.{{sfn|Aklujkar|2004|p=263}}{{sfn|Godbole|2009|p=10-11}}{{sfn|Madgulkar|2004|p=21}}

==Lyrics==
[[File:Ahalya rama.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Ahalya (right bottom), seated in a red sari and rising from a stone, bows with folded hands to Rama (left) who is seated with Vishvamitra (centre) on a stone under a tree, in front of her. Lakshamana stands on the right.|The ''Geet Ramayan'' included themes like liberation of [[Ahalya]] by Rama, which conveyed religious devotion. (Early-20th-century print by Ravi Varma Press)]]

Though Valmiki was the main inspiration for the ''Geet Ramayan'', Madgulkar chose a different narrative format.{{sfn|Datta|1988|p=1424–1425}} He used a simple lyrical format with a flexible number of stanzas (from five to eleven stanzas, with three or four lines of varying length). The [[Metre (poetry)|metre]] used was similar to [[Bhavageete]], with roughly the same number of [[Matra (music)|mātrās]] in each line. The metre was also suited to the narration and the characters who sang the song.{{sfn|Aklujkar|2004|p=268}} Madgulkar used various formats, including narrative, descriptive and communal songs.{{sfn|Aklujkar|2004|p=269}} He was praised for his lyrics, and was called ''"Ādhunik Valmiki"'' (the modern Valmiki);{{sfn|Madgulkar|13 December 2009}}{{sfn|''Loksatta''|14 September 2012}} and the ''Geet Ramayan'' is considered "the crescendo of Madgulkar's literary vigour".{{sfn|''The Indian Express''|17 December 1999}}

Madgulkar's narrative format was different from that of Valmiki's where he did not end the series with the coronation of Rama and Sita, but included [[Sita#Second exile|Sita's abandonment]] by Rama, and her giving birth to the twins, Lava and Kusha. However, he chose not to include the last episode of Sita's final confrontation in Rama's court and her entering the earth.{{sfn|Aklujkar|2004|pp=267–268}} Madgulkar ended the series with the song "Gā Bāḷāno, Shrīrāmāyaṇ" which was voiced by Valmiki where he tells his disciples, Lava and Kusha, how they should recite the Ramayana in front of Rama. Evidently, this also completes the cycle of songs where it had begun, with Lava and Kusha singing in Rama's court.{{sfn|Aklujkar|2004|p=268}}{{sfn|Datta|1988|p=1424–1425}}

Madgulkar did not make any attempt to provide new interpretation or meaning to the ''Ramayana'' but told the same story in the simpler and poetic format.{{sfn|Datta|1988|p=1424–1425}} With inclusion of characters like [[Ahalya]] and [[Shabari]], he included the sentiments of religious devotion ([[Bhakti]]) and also gave divine touch to the story while describing the marriage of Sita and Rama as a union of [[Maya (illusion)|Maya]] and [[Brahman]].{{sfn|Datta|1988|p=1424–1425}} He composed songs on all [[Ramayana#The 7 Kandas or Books|seven chapters or Kāṇḍa]] of ''Ramayana''. Out of 56 songs, poet composed twelve songs on [[Balakanda]], seven on [[Ramayana#Ayodhyā Kāṇḍa|Ayodhya Kanda]], fourteen on [[Ramayana#Aranya Kanda|Aranya Kanda]], three on [[Ramayana#Kishkindha Kanda|Kishkindha Kanda]], four on [[Sundara Kanda]], twelve on [[Ramayana#Yuddha Kanda|Yuddha Kanda]] and three on [[Ramayana#Uttara Kanda|Uttara Kanda]].{{sfn|Datta|1988|p=1424–1425}}

As the series became popular, the daily newspapers in Pune began to print the text of the new song every week after its first airing.{{sfn|Aklujkar|2004|p=261}} The first official edition of the text of these fifty-six poems and their prose narrations came out on the occasion of [[Vijayadashami]], 3 October 1957, published for Akashwani by the director of the Publications Division, Delhi, in pocketbook size.{{sfn|Aklujkar|2004|p=263}}

==Music and singing==
Musical director Sudhir Phadke composed the songs based on the [[raga]]s of [[Hindustani classical music]], including [[Bhopali]], [[Bhimpalasi]] and [[Madhuvanti]]. The raga and [[Tala (music)|Tāla]] of a song was selected to suit the time of the incident and the narrative mood. For example, the song "Calā Rāghavā Calā" is composed as a [[Bibhas]] (morning) raga, and the song describes an event taking place in the morning. The songs "Āj Mī Śāpmucta Jāhale" and "Yāckā, Thāmbu Nako Dārāta" are not based on a specific raga, but include several ragas in each song.{{sfn|Aklujkar|2004|p=274}}

The singers, which included [[Vasantrao Deshpande]], [[Manik Varma]], [[Suresh Haldankar]], [[Ramachandra Krishanji Phatak|Ram Phatak]] and [[Lata Mangeshkar]], were familiar with the vocal style of Indian classical music. Phadke voiced all the songs for Rama, and well-known [[Kirana gharana]] singer [[Manik Varma]] voiced the character of Sita. Lata Mangeshkar sang one song for Sita, "Maj Sāng Lakṣmaṇā", in which Sita questions Rama about her abandonment but her question remains unanswered.{{sfn|Aklujkar|2004|p=270}}

==Characters==
[[File:Shatrughna listens to Lava-Kusha.jpg|thumb|220px|alt=Seated man talking to many other men, with trees and musicians in the background|17th-century painting of [[Kusha (Ramayana)|Kusha]] and [[Lava (Ramayana)|Lava]] singing the ''Ramayana'' at [[Valmiki]]'s hermitage]]
A total of 32 characters from the ''Ramayana'' were voiced in the ''Geet Ramayan''. Madgulkar expressed the emotions of characters such as Rama, Sita, [[Hanuman]] – the monkey (''[[vanara]]'') god and devotee of Rama – and [[Lakshmana]] (Rama's brother); he also attempted to give voice to the humblest characters in the epic. The ''vanara'' are given a song ("Setū Bāndhā Re Sāgarī") describing a bridge forming over the ocean so Rama and his army could cross to [[Lanka]]. The poet noted that the song described the sacrifice of joint labour and was an example of the principle, "Union is strength".{{sfn|Thiel-Horstmann|1991|p=147}} Nishadraj Guha (King of Kevati, kingdom located by the banks of [[Ganges]] river) and the boatmen who helped Rama in crossing the Ganges river expressed themselves in "Nakos Nauke Parat Phirū". The author of the ''Ramayana'', Valmiki, was also given a song (the final song, "Gā Bāḷāno, Shrīrāmāyaṇ") with his advice to Rama's sons [[Kusha (Ramayana)|Kusha]] and [[Lava (Ramayana)|Lava]] before they appear before Rama.{{sfn|Aklujkar|2004|pp=269–270}}

Being hero of the ''Ramayana'' and ''Geet Ramayan'', Madgulkar expressed the varied moods of Rama; he was the most-voiced character in the ''Geet Ramayan'' with ten songs, followed by Sita with eight. He portrayed Rama as a complex character full of emotions and passions, with some of the questionable deeds, yet bound by a traditional virtue and the sanctity of a promise.{{sfn|Aklujkar|2004|p=271}} Madgulkar voiced Rama's personal ethical dilemmas (in "Vālīvadh Nā, Khalnidrālan" and "Līnate, Cārūte, Sīte") along with his courage (in "Nabhā Bhedunī Nād Chālale"), and steadfastness (in "Līnate, Cārūte, Sīte"). He was shown to be patient with his brothers and mothers (in "Parādhīn Āhe Jagatī Putra Mānavāchā"), obedient of father and sages (in "Calā Rāghavā Calā"), heroic on the battlefield, and diplomatic when dealing with the monkey king, [[Vali (Ramayana)|Vali]] (in "Vālīvadh Nā, Khalnidrālan"). Madgulkar is said to have successfully shown Rama's divinity alongside his human weaknesses.{{sfn|Aklujkar|2004|p=270}} He was shown to be distracted at the loss Sita (in "Koṭhe Sītā Janakanandinī?"), and wailed in Lakshmana's presence (in "Hī Ticyā Veṇitil Phule").{{sfn|Aklujkar|2004|p=270}} In another situation, he uttered some heart-wrenching words to Sita, in front of his army with blaming her for all the happenings (in "Līnate, Cārūte, Sīte"), and then he was also shown to explain his behavior with oaths and confessions of loyalty to Sita (in "Lokasākṣa Shuddhī Jhālī").{{sfn|Aklujkar|2004|p=271}}

Rama's mother, [[Kausalya]], sang three songs; his brother [[Bharata (Ramayana)|Bharata]], his father [[Dasharatha]], Hanuman, Lakshmana, the demon [[Surpanakha]] (sister of Ravana), Rama's guru-sage [[Vishvamitra]] and Kusha-Lava have two songs each. The central antagonist of the ''Ramayana'', the demon-king [[Ravana]], was not given a song; his oppressive presence was expressed in prose narration, poetic descriptions and songs sung by the other characters (such as Ravana's demon brother [[Kumbhakarna]] in "Lankevar Kāḷ Kaṭhin ālā").{{sfn|Aklujkar|2004|p=271}}

==List of songs==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%"
! colspan="9" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"|List of songs (number, title, singer(s), raga, taal, air date, character(s) and length)
|-
! scope="col" style="width:5%;"|No
! scope="col" style="width:25%;"|Title
! scope="col" style="width:19%;"|Singer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:14%;"|[[Raga]]
! scope="col" style="width:7%;"|[[Tala (music)|Taal]]
! scope="col" style="width:10%;"|Aired On
! scope="col" style="width:10%;"|Character(s)
! scope="col" style="width:7%;"|Length
! scope="col" style="width:3%;" class="unsortable"|Ref
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|1}}
! scope="row"|"Kuśa Lava Rāmāyaṇ Gātī" "कुश लव रामायण गाती" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|The narrator describes the scene where Kusha and Lava (Rama's sons) begin singing the Ramayan taught to them by their guru, Valmiki. They sing before Rama on the occasion of [[Ashvamedha|Ashwamedh Yagna]], unaware of the relationship between them.}}
| [[Sudhir Phadke]]
| [[Bhopali]]
| [[Bhajan]]i
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|04|1}}
| [[Narrator]]
| {{tts|10:11}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=19|Godbole|2009|2p=9}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|2}}
! scope="row"|"Sarayū Tīrāvarī Ayodhyā" "सरयू तीरावरी अयोध्या" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Kusha and Lava describe the pleasant life and the people of Ayodhya; however, the childless King Dasharatha and his three wives; [[Kausalya]], [[Sumitra]], [[Kaikeyi]]; are unhappy.}}
| {{•}}Mandakini Pandey {{•}}Pramodini Desai
| {{sort|Deskar|Mishra Deskar}}
| Bhajani
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|04|8}}
| {{•}}[[Kusha (Ramayana)|Kusha]] {{•}}[[Lava (Ramayana)|Lava]]
| {{tts|9:41}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=23|Godbole|2009|2p=12}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|3}}
! scope="row"|"Ugā Kā Kālij Mājhe Ule?" "उगा कां काळिज माझें उले?" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Kausalya, the eldest wife of Dasharatha, laments that they have not been blessed with any offspring.}}
| Lalita Phadke
| {{sort|Kafi|Mishra [[Kafi (raga)|Kafi]]}}
| [[Keherwa]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|4|15}}
| [[Kausalya]]
| {{tts|9:15}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=27|Godbole|2009|2p=16}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|4}}
! scope="row"|"Udās Kā Tū?" "उदास कां तूं?" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Dasharatha consoles Kausalya, telling her they will perform the Ashwamedh Yagna and give gifts to please [[Agni|Agni dev]]. He hears a voice, telling him that he will beget four children.}}
| Baban Navdikar
| [[Desh (raga)|Desh]]
| Bhajani
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|4|22}}
| [[Dasharatha]]
| {{tts|8:23}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=30|Godbole|2009|2p=20}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|5}}
! scope="row"|"Daśarathā, Ghe He Pāyasadān" "दशरथा, घे हें पायसदान" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Pleased by Dasharatha's devotion, Agni dev appears with the [[Prasad (food offering)|prasad]] sent by Lord Vishnu and says that the children conceived by the queens after consuming the prasad will be great warriors.}}
| Sudhir Phadke
| [[Bhimpalasi]]
| Bhajani
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|4|29}}
| [[Agni]]
| {{tts|7:11}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=33|Godbole|2009|2p=24}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|6}}
! scope="row"|"Rām Janmalā Ga Sakhī" "राम जन्मला ग सखी" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Dasharatha and his queens are blessed with four sons, and Ayodhya celebrates joyously.}}
| {{•}}Suman Mate {{•}}Janki Iyer {{•}}Kalindi Keskar
| {{sort|Mand|Mishra [[Mand (singing style)|Mand]]}}
| [[Dadra]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|05|6}}
| [[Choir|Chorus]]
| {{tts|10:22}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=35|Godbole|2009|2p=28}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|7}}
! scope="row"|"Sāvaḷā Ga Rāmcandra" "सांवळा ग रामचंद्र" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Kausalya sings happily to the other queens, describing how Rama is growing up.}}
| Lalita Phadke
| {{sort|Pilu|Mishra [[Pilu (raga)|Pilu]]}}
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|5|13}}
| Kausalya
| {{tts|8:06}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=38|Godbole|2009|2p=32}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|8}}
! scope="row"|"Jyeṣṭha Tujhā Putra Malā" "ज्येष्ठ तुझा पुत्र मला देइ दशरथा" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Rama and his brothers grow, studying a number of texts and becoming expert in warrior skills. Sage Vishvamitra asks Dasharatha to take Rama with him to protect the sacred yagnas, which were disrupted by demons.}}
| [[Ramachandra Krishanji Phatak|Ram Phatak]]
| [[Puriya Dhanashree]]
| [[Ektal]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|5|20}}
| [[Vishvamitra]]
| {{tts|7:36}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=41|Godbole|2009|2p=35}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|9}}
! scope="row"|"Mār Hī Trātikā Rāmcandrā" "मार ही त्राटिका, रामचंद्रा" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|On their way, Vishvamitra teaches and tells stories to Rama and Lakshmana until they are attacked by a demon named [[Tataka|Tratika]] and her sons, [[Subahu]] and [[Maricha]]. Vishvamitra describes the evil she brings, and orders Rama to kill her.}}
| Ram Phatak
| [[Shankara (raga)|Shankara]]
| [[Jhaptal]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|5|27}}
| Vishvamitra
| {{tts|5:26}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=44|Godbole|2009|2p=39}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|10}}
! scope="row"|"Calā Rāghavā Calā" "चला राघवा चला" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Killing Tratika and Subahu and chasing the demon Maricha, Rama's valour impresses everyone. The King of [[Mithila (India)|Mithila]], [[Janaka]], is preparing for a yagna and the rishis ask Rama to come along.}}
| Chandrakant Gokhale
| [[Bibhas]]
| Bhajani
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|06|3}}
| [[Rishi]]
| {{tts|8:22}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=47|Godbole|2009|2p=42}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|11}}
! scope="row"|"Āj Mī Śāpmucta Jāhale" {{dagger}} "आज मी शापमुक्त जाहलें" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|On their way to Mithila Rama finds an old, abandoned place where Vishvamitra tells him the story of [[Ahalya]], wife of the sage [[Gautama Maharishi]], and asks him to end her curse.}}
| Malati Pandey
| {{sort dash}}
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|6|10}}
| [[Ahalya]]
| {{tts|6:43}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=50|Godbole|2009|2p=46}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |{{nts|12}}
! scope="row"|"Svayamvar Jhāle Sītece" "स्वयंवर झालें सीतेचे" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|At Mithila, Rama wins the [[swayamvara]] and marries Janaka's daughter Sita.}}
| Sudhir Phadke
| {{sort|Mand|Mishra Mand}}
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|6|17}}
|[[Charan]]
| {{tts|8:57}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=54|Godbole|2009|2p=50}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|13}}
! scope="row"|"Vhāyace Rām Āyodhyāpati" "व्हायचे राम आयोध्यापति" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Seeing Rama content in married life and his affairs, Dasharatha decides to crown him as the next King of Ayodhya. Sita's sisters sing, announcing the news to Sita.}}
| {{•}}Suman Mate {{•}}Usha Atre {{•}}Janaki Iyer {{•}}Yogini Joglekar {{•}}Mrs. Jog
| {{sort|Kafi|Mishra Kafi}}
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|6|24}}
| {{•}}[[Urmila (Ramayana)|Urmila]] {{•}}[[Mandavi]] {{•}}[[Shrutakirti]] {{•}}Chorus
| {{tts|8:07}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=58|Godbole|2009|2p=54}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|14}}
! scope="row"|"Modu Nakā Vacanās" "मोडुं नका वचनास" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Afraid that her son Bharata would become hapless if Rama becomes King, [[Kaikeyi]] asks Dasharatha to exile Rama and crown Bharata instead.}}
| Kumidini Pednekar
| [[Bihag]]
| [[Tintal]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|07|1}}
| [[Kaikeyi]]
| {{tts|8:03}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=61|Godbole|2009|2p=58}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|15}}
! scope="row"|"Nako Re Jāu Rāmarāyā" "नको रे जाउं रामराया" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Rama agrees to leave the kingdom, but Kausalya sadly pleads with him to stay.}}
| Lalita Phadke
| {{sort|Bhairavi|Mishra [[Bhairavi (Hindustani)|Bhairavi]]}}
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|07|8}}
| Kausalya
| {{tts|8:22}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=65|Godbole|2009|2p=62}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|16}}
! scope="row"|"Rāmāviṇ Rājyapadī Koṇ Baisato?" "रामाविण राज्यपदीं कोण बैसतो?" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Lakshmana is furious, and questions the turn of events. He praises Rama as best to inherit the kingdom, and promises to see this done.}}
| [[Suresh Haldankar]]
| {{sort|Bahar|Mishra [[Bahar (raga)|Bahar]]}}
| Ektal
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|7|15}}
| [[Lakshmana]]
| {{tts|5:35}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=68|Godbole|2009|2p=67}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|17}}
! scope="row"|"Jethe Rāghav Tethe Sītā" "जेथें राघव तेथें सीता" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Rama accepts Laxmana's request to accompany him, and asks his wife Sita for permission to leave. However, Sita has decided to follow her husband wherever he goes.}}
| [[Manik Varma]]
| [[Madhuvanti]]
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|7|22}}
| [[Sita]]
| {{tts|8:54}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=72|Godbole|2009|2p=72}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|18}}
! scope="row"|"Thāmb Sumantā, Thāmbavi Re Rath" "थांब सुमंता, थांबवि रे रथ" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Seeing Rama leave Ayodhya with his wife and brother, the residents beg him to stay. They ask [[Sumanta]], the minister of Ayodhya who is driving the chariot, to stop. They follow Rama to the [[Ganga]] River.}}
| Chorus
| [[Todi (raga)|Todi]]
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|7|29}}
| Chorus
| {{tts|10:05}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=75|Godbole|2009|2p=76}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|19}}
! scope="row"|"Nakos Nauke Parat Phirū" "नकोस नौके परत फिरूं" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|On the banks of the Ganga, Rama asks a boatman to take them across the river to continue their journey, and he complies.}}
| Chorus
| {{sort|Dhun|Mishra [[Dhun]]}}
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|08|5}}
| {{•}}Nishadraj Guha {{•}}Boatman
| {{tts|7:37}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=79|Godbole|2009|2p=80}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|20}}
! scope="row"|"Yā Ithe, Lakṣmaṇā, Bāndh Kutī" "या इथें, लक्ष्मणा, बांध कुटी" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|The trio reaches the [[Chitrakoot Dham (Karwi)|Chitrakoot]] region. Praising the place, Rama asks Lakshmana for a building on the banks of the [[Mandakini River]].}}
| Sudhir Phadke
| {{sort|Khamaj|Mishra [[Khamaj]]}}
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|8|12}}
| [[Rama]]
| {{tts|8:49}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=83|Godbole|2009|2p=84}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|21}}
! scope="row"|"Bolale Ituke Maj Shrīrām" "बोलले इतुके मज श्रीराम" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Sumanta returns to Ayodhya, and reports on Rama. He tells Kausalya and [[Sumitra]] not to worry about him, and to forgive Kaikeyi, and asks Bharata to rule the kingdom wisely.}}
| Gajanan Watave
| [[Jog (raga)|Jogkans]]
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|8|19}}
| Sumant
| {{tts|9:04}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=87|Godbole|2009|2p=89}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|22}}
! scope="row"|"Dāṭalā Cohikade Andhār" "दाटला चोहिकडे अंधार" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Dasharatha is unable to bear the pain of Rama's exile, and remembers how [[Shravana Kumara|Shravan]]'s blind parents cursed him. Singing that he now sees only darkness everywhere, he dies.}}
| Sudhir Phadke
| {{sort|Jogiya|Mishra Jogiya}}
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|8|26}}
| Dasharatha
| {{tts|9:18}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=91|Godbole|2009|2p=94}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|23}}
! scope="row"|"Mātā Na Tū, Vairiṇī" "माता न तूं, वैरिणी" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Enraged, Bharata curses his mother Kaikeyi for causing Dashratha's death and sending Rama away. He decides to bring Rama back and make him the king.}}
| [[Vasantrao Deshpande]]
| [[Adana (raga)|Adana]]
| Tintal
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|09|2}}
| [[Bharata (Ramayana)|Bharata]]
| {{tts|6:28}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=95|Godbole|2009|2p=100}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|24}}
! scope="row"|"Cāpabāṇ Ghyā Karī" "चापबाण घ्या करीं" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Lakshmana notices a commotion, and discovers that Bharata is coming. He is angry and puzzled, wondering what more Bharata could now want from Rama.}}
| Suresh Haldankar
| [[Kedar (raga)|Kedar]]
| Ektal
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|09|9}}
| Lakshmana
| {{tts|6:39}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=99|Godbole|2009|2p=105}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|25}}
! scope="row"|"Parādhīn Āhe Jagatī Putra Mānavāchā" "पराधीन आहे जगतीं पुत्र मानवाचा" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|When Bharata finds Rama, Rama explains how humans are dependent on their fate; therefore, he should not feel sorry for him. He asks Bharata to return, rule Ayodhya and not look for Rama again until his exile ends.}}
| Sudhir Phadke
| [[Yaman (raga)|Yaman]] [[Kalyani (raga)|Kalyan]]
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|9|16}}
| Rama
| {{tts|8:35}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=103|Godbole|2009|2p=109}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|26}}
! scope="row"|"Tāt Gele, Māya Gelī" "तात गेले, माय गेली" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Bharata informs Rama of Dasharatha's death, pleading with him to return since he is incapable of ruling the kingdom. Rama refuses; Bharata requests his [[paduka]] as a sign of his blessings and leaves.}}
| Vasantrao Deshpande
| Puriya Dhanashree
| [[Rupak Tala|Rupak]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|9|23}}
| Bharata
| {{tts|7:24}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=107|Godbole|2009|2p=113}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|27}}
! scope="row"|"Koṇ Tū, Kuṭhalā Rājakumār?" "कोण तूं कुठला राजकुमार?" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|While wandering in the forest, Ravana's sister [[Shurpanakha]] sees him. She asks to marry him; he politely refuses, since he is already married to Sita.}}
| Malati Pandey
| {{sort|Kafi|Mishra Kafi}}
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|9|30}}
| [[Surpanakha]]
| {{tts|7:22}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=111|Godbole|2009|2p=117}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|28}}
! scope="row"|"Sūḍ Ghe Tyācā Lankāpati" "सूड घे त्याचा लंकापति" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Angry, Shurpanaka pleads with Ravana to avenge Lakshmana for cutting her nose. She praises Ravana, saying that he deserves to marry Sita, and asks him to solve the problems caused by the two brothers.}}
| Yogini Joglekar
| {{sort|Hindol|Mishra [[Hindol]]}}
| Tintal
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|10|7}}
| Surpanakha
| {{tts|6:28}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=115|Godbole|2009|2p=121}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|29}}
! scope="row"|"Maj Āṇun Dyā To" "मज आणुन द्या तो" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Ravana sends the demon Maricha, in the form of a golden deer. Sita is attracted by the bejewelled, sparkling deer, and sends Rama to fetch it.}}
| Manik Varma
| {{sort|Kafi|Mishra Kafi}}
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|10|14}}
| Sita
| {{tts|7:27}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=119|Godbole|2009|2p=125}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|30}}
! scope="row"|"Yāckā, Thāmbu Nako Dārāta" {{dagger}} "याचका, थांबु नको दारात" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Seeing Rama and Lakshmana chasing the deer far away, Ravana comes to abduct Sita. Comparing him with Rama, Sita criticises his evil intentions and asks him to leave.}}
| Manik Varma
| {{sort dash}}
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|10|21}}
| Sita
| {{tts|9:28}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=123|Godbole|2009|2p=129}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|31}}
! scope="row"|"Koṭhe Sītā Janakanandinī?" "कोठें सीता जनकनंदिनी?" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Rama is unable to find Sita when he returns from the hunt. He laments his fate, and asks the surrounding trees where Sita is.}}
| Sudhir Phadke
| {{sort|Jogiya|Mishra Jogiya}}
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|10|28}}
| Rama
| {{tts|9:46}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=127|Godbole|2009|2p=133}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|32}}
! scope="row"|"Hī Ticyā Veṇitil Phule" "हीं तिच्या वेणिंतिल फुलें" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Searching for his wife, Rama finds her footprints and flowers she wore in her hair. He sees signs of a fight between two warriors, but is unable to figure out what happened.}}
| Sudhir Phadke
| Bhairavi
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|11|4}}
| Rama
| {{tts|9:22}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=131|Godbole|2009|2p=137}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|33}}
! scope="row"|"Palavilī Rāvaṇe Sītā" "पळविली रावणें सीता" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Rama sees the injured [[Jatayu]] nearby. Jatayu tells him how he fought Ravana (and was fatally injured) while trying to rescue Sita. He then directs them towards Lanka, where Ravana flew away with Sita.}}
| Ram Phatak
| {{sort|Bihag|Maaru Bihag}}
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|11|11}}
| [[Jatayu]]
| {{tts|9:26}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=135|Godbole|2009|2p=141}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|34}}
! scope="row"|"Dhanya Mī Śabarī Shrīrāmā" "धन्य मी शबरी श्रीरामा" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Rama meets Shabari on his way. She sings, pleased to see him, and offers him berries.}}
| Malati Pandey
| {{sort|Sarang|Shuddha Sarang}}
| Bhajani
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|11|18}}
| [[Shabari]]
| {{tts|8:10}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=139|Godbole|2009|2p=145}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|35}}
! scope="row"|"Sanmitra Rāghavānchā Sugrīv Aāj Jhālā" "सन्मित्र राघवांचा सुग्रीव आज झाला" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|After meeting Rama, [[Sugriva]] (the vanara king of [[Kishkindha]]) tells the story of how his brother [[Vali (Ramayana)|Vali]] took his wife [[Rumā]] and his kingdom. He pleads with Rama for help, and offers his vanara force to search for Sita. Rama decides to help him by killing Vali.}}
| V. L. Inamdar
| [[Brindabani Sarang]]
| Ektal
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|11|25}}
| [[Sugriva]]
| {{tts|9:12}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=142|Godbole|2009|2p=149}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|36}}
! scope="row"|"Vālīvadh Nā, Khalnidrālan" "वालीवध ना, खलनिर्दालन" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|After shooting Vali with an arrow, Vali asks Rama why. Rama replies that Vali should have forgiven Sugriva, since a younger brother is like one's own son. Rama justifies his interference by saying that he has King Bharata's permission to punish evil. He justifies attacking the unarmed Sugriva by comparing him with a deer that is killed by a hunter without warning.}}
| Sudhir Phadke
| Kedar
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|12|1}}
| Rama
| {{tts|7:52}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=146|Godbole|2009|2p=153}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|37}}
! scope="row"|"Asā Hā Ekaca Shrīhanumān" "असा हा एकच श्रीहनुमान्" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Jambavan praises Hanuman for his ability to fly across the sea and find Sita in Ravana's [[Lanka]]. He describes Hanuman's childhood [[Hanuman#Childhood|attempt to swallow the sun]], and encourages him to fly high.}}
| Vasantrao Deshpande
| [[Multani (raga)|Multani]]
| Bhajani
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|12|8}}
| [[Jambavan]]
| {{tts|7:18}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=149|Godbole|2009|2p=157}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|38}}
! scope="row"|"Hīca Tī Rāmāchī Swāminī" "हीच ती रामांची स्वामिनी" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Hanuman flies to Lanka in search of Sita. He finally finds her in a garden, weeping and waiting for her husband to rescue her from Ravana's confinement.}}
| V. L. Inamdar
| [[Tilang]]
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|12|15}}
| [[Hanuman]]
| {{tts|7:14}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=153|Godbole|2009|2p=161}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|39}}
! scope="row"|"Nako Karūs Valganā" "नको करूंस वल्गना" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Sita tells Ravana to let her go to her husband, promising him that Rama would forgive all his sins; if he does not let her leave, he will be killed by the archer Rama.}}
| Manik Varma
| Shankara
| Ektal
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|12|22}}
| Sita
| {{tts|7:29}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=156|Godbole|2009|2p=165}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|40}}
! scope="row"|"Maj Sāng Avasthā Dūtā" "मज सांग अवस्था दूता" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|When Hanuman sees Sita, he gives her Rama's ring. She asks about him, and about when her husband will kill the demon Ravana.}}
| Manik Varma
| Bhimpalasi
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1955|12|29}}
| Sita
| {{tts|10:19}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=160|Godbole|2009|2p=170}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|41}}
! scope="row"|"Peṭavi Lankā Hanumant" "पेटवी लंका हनुमंत" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Lava and Kusha describe Hanuman setting fire to Lanka.}}
| {{•}}Mandakini Pandey {{•}}Pramodini Joshi
| [[Malkaush]]
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1956|01|5}}
| {{•}}Kusha {{•}}Lava
| {{tts|8:32}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=163|Godbole|2009|2p=175}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|42}}
! scope="row"|"Setū Bāndhā Re Sāgarī" "सेतू बांधा रे सागरीं" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|To reach the island of Lanka, the vanaras build a bridge. The bridge stones float on the water when they are inscribed, ''"Sri Rama"''.}}
| Chorus
| {{sort|Dhun|Mishra Dhun}}
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1956|1|12}}
| [[Vanara]]s
| {{tts|8:12}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=168|Godbole|2009|2p=180}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|43}}
! scope="row"|"Raghuvarā, Bolat Kā Nāhī" "रघुवरा, बोलत कां नाहीं?" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Ravana, with Vidyujivha's help, fools Sita by showing her Rama's bow and his broken head. Sita is grief-stricken.}}
| Manik Varma
| {{sort|Jogiya|Mishra Jogiya}}
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1956|1|19}}
| Sita
| {{tts|7:51}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=172|Godbole|2009|2p=184}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|44}}
! scope="row"|"Sugrīvā He Sāhas Asale" "सुग्रीवा, हें साहस असलें" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|After Sugriva attacks Ravana and loses the fight Rama scolds him for his impulsiveness, asking him to plan his attack next time.}}
| Sudhir Phadke
| {{sort|Malkaush|Sampoorna Malkaush}}
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1956|1|26}}
| Rama
| {{tts|8:53}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=175|Godbole|2009|2p=189}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|45}}
! scope="row"|"Rāvaṇās Sāng Angadā" "रावणास सांग अंगदा" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Rama sends [[Angada]] to Ravana with his message, suggesting that if Ravana gives Sita away war will be averted.}}
| Sudhir Phadke
| Sarang
| Ektal
| {{dts|format=dmy|1956|02|2}}
| Rama
| {{tts|8:17}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=178|Godbole|2009|2p=193}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|46}}
! scope="row"|"Nabhā Bhedunī Nād Chālale" "नभा भेदुनी नाद चालले" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Kusha and Lava describe the pitched battle between the vanara and the [[rakshasa]].}}
| {{•}}Mandakini Pandey {{•}}Pramodini Joshi
| Bhairavi
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1956|02|9}}
| {{•}}Kusha {{•}}Lava
| {{tts|8:26}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=182|Godbole|2009|2p=197}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|47}}
! scope="row"|"Lankevar Kāḷ Kaṭhin" "लंकेवर काळ कठिण" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Seeing the poor condition of Lanka in the battle, Ravana wakes Kumbhakarana from his long sleep and he then enters the battlefield.}}
| V. L. Inamdar
| [[Hindol]]
| Khemta
| {{dts|format=dmy|1956|2|16}}
| [[Kumbhakarna]]
| {{tts|8:15}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=186|Godbole|2009|2p=202}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|48}}
! scope="row"|"Āj Kā Niṣphaḷ Hotī Bāṇ" "आज कां निष्फळ होती बाण?" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Rama vainly tries many times to kill Ravana with his arrows. Helpless, he is unable to solve the mystery.}}
| Sudhir Phadke
| {{sort|Asavari|Mishra [[Asavari]]}}
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1956|2|23}}
| Rama
| {{tts|8:03}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=189|Godbole|2009|2p=207}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|49}}
! scope="row"|"Bhūvarī Rāvaṇvadha Jhālā" "भूवरी रावणवध झाला" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|After Vibhishan reveals Ravana's secret Rama shoots him in the [[navel]], killing him. Joyous at the demon's death, Gandharvas and Apsaras sing praise to Rama.}}
| Chorus
| {{sort|Bihag|Maaru Bihag}}
| Bhajani
| {{dts|format=dmy|1956|03|1}}
| {{•}}[[Gandharva]] {{•}}[[Apsara]]
| {{tts|9:38}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=193|Godbole|2009|2p=212}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|50}}
! scope="row"|"Līnate, Cārūte, Sīte" "लीनते, चारुते, सीते" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|After the war ends, Rama frees Sita and they are reunited.}}
| Sudhir Phadke
| [[Yaman (raga)|Yamani]] [[Bilaval]]
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1956|03|8}}
| Rama
| {{tts|8:36}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=197|Godbole|2009|2p=216}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|51}}
! scope="row"|"Lokasākṣa Shuddhī Jhālī" "लोकसाक्ष शुद्धी झाली" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|When people raise doubts about Sita's chastity, Sita proves herself in a [[trial by ordeal]].}}
| Sudhir Phadke
| {{sort|Kalyan|Shuddha Kalyan}}
| Bhajani
| {{dts|format=dmy|1956|3|15}}
| Rama
| {{tts|9:04}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=201|Godbole|2009|2p=220}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|52}}
! scope="row"|"Trīvār Jayajayakār Rāmā" "त्रिवार जयजयकार, रामा" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Rama returns to Ayodhya in a ''[[Vimana#Ramayana|pushpaka vimana]]'', and the citizens celebrate his arrival.}}
| Chorus
| Bhairavi
| Bhajani
| {{dts|format=dmy|1956|3|22}}
| Chorus
| {{tts|8:50}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=205|Godbole|2009|2p=226}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|53}}
! scope="row"|"Prabho, Maj Ekac Var Dyāvā" "प्रभो, मज एकच वर द्यावा" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Hanuman asks for Rama's blessing and a place near his feet, saying that he would always be devoted to him.}}
| Ram Phatak
| {{sort|Pahadi|Mishra Pahadi}}
| Bhajani
| {{dts|format=dmy|1956|3|29}}
| Hanuman
| {{tts|6:41}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=209|Godbole|2009|2p=231}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|54}}
! scope="row"|"Dohāḷe Puravā Raghukulatilakā" "डोहाळे पुरवा रघुकुलतिलका" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Sita announces her pregnancy to Rama, telling him how happy she is and about the many things she wishes to do.}}
| Manik Varma
| {{sort|Pilu|Mishra Pilu}}
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1956|04|5}}
| Sita
| {{tts|8:09}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=213|Godbole|2009|2p=236}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|55}}
! scope="row"|"Maj Sāng Lakṣmaṇā" "मज सांग लक्ष्मणा" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|When some citizens still question Sita's chastity, Rama abandons her. She pleads with her brother-in-law, Lakshmana, to help her.}}
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
| {{sort|Jogiya|Mishra Jogiya}}
| Keherwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1956|4|12}}
| Sita
| {{tts|9:48}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=216|Godbole|2009|2p=242}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|{{nts|56}}
! scope="row"|"Gā Bāḷāno, Shrīrāmāyaṇ" "गा बाळांनो, श्रीरामायण" {{hidden|expanded=no|headerstyle=text-align:left;background-color:#E0E0E0;|'''Description:'''|Sita takes shelter in the sage Valmiki's ashram, where she gives birth to twin sons: Kusha and Lava. Valmiki educates them, teaching them the Ramayan and asking them to spread the message.}}
| Sudhir Phadke
| Bhairavi
| Bhajani
| {{dts|format=dmy|1956|4|19}}
| [[Valmiki]]
| {{tts|8:09}}
| {{sfnm|Madgulkar|2004|1p=219|Godbole|2009|2p=247}}
|-
| align="right" colspan="7" | '''Total'''
| bgcolor="#E0E0E0" align="right" | '''7:35:42'''
|
|-
| align="right" | {{dagger}}
! scope="row" | Independent composition
| colspan="7" |
|}

==Performances==
After ''Geet Ramayan'''s original broadcast was over in March of 1956, requests of re-broadcast were flooding the radio station. All-India Radio repeated the entire series of fifty-six weekly songs due to popular demand.{{sfn|Aklujkar|2004|p=264}} After the broadcast, Phadke produced public concerts of selected songs. The first public performance was held in the Madgulkars' bungalow, "Panchavati" at Wakdewadi, Pune on 28 May 1958.{{sfn|Jathar Lakade|31 May 2011}} In 1979, a Silver Jubilee celebration of the programme took place at the New English School in Pune for eight nights.{{sfn|Aklujkar|2004|p=264}} [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], the then [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]], attended the show as the guest of honour along with the then [[Deputy Prime Minister of India]] [[Yashwantrao Chavan]], [[Bollywood]] film director [[Basu Bhattacharya]], actor [[Dada Kondke]], and celebrated classical singers such as [[Bhimsen Joshi]] and [[Kishori Amonkar]].{{sfn|''The Indian Express''|17 December 1999}} Vajpayee also attended the Golden Jubilee celebration with [[Sharad Pawar]] and [[Balasaheb Thackeray]]. [[National Film Award for Best Art Direction|National Award-winning]] art director [[Nitin Chandrakant Desai]] designed the stage depicting scenes from the ''Ramayana''. The event featured all the songs from the original ''Geet Ramayan'' now vocalized by Madgulkar's son Anand Madgulkar, [[Shridhar Phadke]], [[Suresh Wadkar]], [[Upendra Bhat]], [[Padmaja Phenany Joglekar]] and others.{{sfn|Rediff.com|19 April 2005}}

==Reception==
As the radio programme became popular, daily newspapers in Pune began printing the lyrics of the new songs each week. The publication department of All India Radio also compiled the lyrics and excerpts from the introductory comments in a book form. The 179-page volume, then priced at {{INR}} 2, was launched on 3 October 1957 on the occasion of [[Vijayadashami]].{{sfn|''The Indian Express''|17 December 1999}} In 1965, [[Saregama|His Master's Voice]] released ten [[LP record|LPs]] featuring the voice of Sudhir Phadke. In 1968, the [[Saregama|Gramophone Company of India]] released a 10-[[Compact Cassette|cassette]] set, again featuring Phadke's voice, and 50,000 records were sold.{{sfn|Datta|1987|p=55}} Madgulkar's son, Anand, produced a televised version showcasing twenty-eight episodes of the ''Geet Ramayan'' on [[Zee Marathi]]; however, it received a lukewarm response.{{sfn|Aklujkar|2004|p=265}} He has also written a book, ''Geet Ramayanache Ramayan'', describing the making of the radio programme. Live shows of ''Geet Ramayan'' are still produced on occasion of Rama Navami.{{sfn|''Sakal a''|1 April 2012}}{{sfn|''Sakal b''|1 April 2012}}

''Geet Ramayan'' has been translated into nine other languages and also transliterated into [[Braille]]. The translations are:{{sfn|Aklujkar|2004|p=273}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
;[[Bengali language|Bengali]]:
* By Kamala Bhagwat, a performer from Calcutta

;English:
* By Mr. Ursekar, a retired judge who used a Shakespearean style

;[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]:
* By Hansraj Thakkar of Mumbai; sung by Hansraj Thakkar and Kumud Bhagwat

;[[Hindi]]:
* By Rudradatta Mishra of Gwalior, and published by Nagesh Joshi; sung by Vasant Ajgaonkar
* By Hari Narayan Vyas; sung by Bal Gokhle
* By Kusum Tambe of Mandla, Madhya Pradesh
* By an unknown singer from Nagpur, Avadhi
* By Bal Gokhale of Baroda

;[[Kannada]]
* By B. H. Tofakhane; sung by [[Upendra Bhat]]

;[[Konkani language|Konkani]]
* By Mr. Kamath; sung by Upendra Bhat
* By B.V. Baliga{{sfn|Das|1995|p=528}}

;[[Sanskrit]]
* By Vasant Gadgil; sung by Malati Pande, Kamala Ketkar and Sanjay Upadhye
* By Sitaram Datar of Andheri, Thane sung by Milind Karmarkar, Madhuri Karmarkar and Sudha Datar

;[[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]
* By poet and singer Rita Shahani, who performed the songs as classical ragas.{{sfn|Sahani}} Also, choreographed and directed a dance-drama based on the book.{{sfn|Lal|1992|p=3948}}

;[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
* By Vanamamalai Varadacharya; sung by Dhondushastri and Shyamala Satyanarayan Rao
{{div col end}}

==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
[[Ramavataram]]

==References==
* {{cite news |last=Mandpe |first=Asha |ref={{sfnRef|Mandpe|16 April 2011}} |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/geet-ramayan-a-journey-of-musical-ecstasy/articleshow/16118504.cms |title=Geet Ramayan: A journey of musical ecstasy |newspaper=[[Mumbai Mirror]] |date=16 April 2011 |accessdate=20 October 2012 |location=Mumbai }}
* {{cite news|url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshowarchive.cms?msid=1080105 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126081903/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshowarchive.cms?msid=1080105 |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 January 2013 |title=ज्योतीने तेजाची आरती |trans-title=The worship of brilliance by flames |newspaper=[[Maharashtra Times]] |language=mr |date=17 April 2005 |access-date=9 June 2012 |ref={{sfnRef|''Maharashtra Times''|17 April 2005}} }}
* {{cite news|last=Madgulkar|first=Sharadkumar|url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/5331852.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126090804/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/5331852.cms|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 January 2013|title=अखेरची कविता!|trans-title=The Last Poem!|newspaper=[[Maharashtra Times]]|language=mr|date=13 December 2009|access-date=22 October 2012|ref={{sfnRef|Madgulkar|13 December 2009}}}}
* {{cite news|url=http://www.loksatta.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=250248:2012-09-14-19-52-19&catid=51:2009-07-15-04-02-56&Itemid=62|title=जुळे सोलापुरात उद्या सायंकाळी 'मंतरलेल्या आठवणी गदिमांच्या'|trans-title=Mesmerizing memories of Ga-Di-Ma's in Solapur tomorrow evening|language=mr|newspaper=[[Loksatta (newspaper)|Loksatta]]|date=14 September 2012|access-date=22 October 2012|ref={{sfnRef|''Loksatta''|14 September 2012}}}}
* {{cite news
|url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/19991217/ina17045.html
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130122144038/http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/19991217/ina17045.html
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=22 January 2013
|title=Geet Ramayan gathers dust at AIR
|location=Pune
|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]
|date=17 December 1999
|access-date=21 October 2012
|ref={{sfnRef|''The Indian Express''|17 December 1999}}
}}
* {{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/marathi-writer-madgulkar-s-panchavati-still-a-draw/797474/0|title=Marathi writer Madgulkar's Panchavati still a draw|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|date=31 May 2011|access-date=21 October 2012|last=Jathar Lakade|first=Aaditi|location=Pune|ref={{sfnRef|Jathar Lakade|31 May 2011}}}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.co.in/news/2005/apr/19pawar.htm|title=Pawar plays down sharing of dais with Atal|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=19 April 2005|access-date=21 October 2012|location=Mumbai|ref={{sfnRef|Rediff.com|19 April 2005}}}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{cite news|url=http://www.esakal.com/esakal/20120401/5170457434963693659.htm |title=अद्‌भुत स्वरमयी 'सकाळ गीतरामायण' |trans-title=Astonishing and musical 'Sakal Geet Ramayan' |newspaper=[[Sakal]] |date=1 April 2012 |access-date=21 October 2012 |language=mr |ref={{sfnRef|''Sakal a''|1 April 2012}} |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414130708/http://esakal.com/esakal/20120401/5170457434963693659.htm |archive-date=14 April 2012 }}
* {{cite news|url=http://www.esakal.com/esakal/20120401/4943272050813623511.htm |title=अमरावतीत रंगले "सकाळ गीतरामायण' (फोटो फिचर) |trans-title=Amravati experienced 'Sakal Geet Ramayan' (Photo feature) |newspaper=[[Sakal]] |location=Amravati |language=mr |date=1 April 2012 |access-date=19 October 2012 |ref={{sfnRef|''Sakal b''|1 April 2012}} |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714131406/http://www.esakal.com/esakal/20120401/4943272050813623511.htm |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.lisindia.net/Sindhi/sindhi_lite.html|title=Sindhi literature|publisher=lisindia.net|access-date=21 October 2012|ref={{sfnRef|Sahani}}|archive-date=4 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504012553/http://www.lisindia.net/Sindhi/sindhi_lite.html|url-status=dead}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|last=Aklujkar|first=Vidyut|chapter=The "Radio-Active" Gīta-Rāmāyaṇa: Home and Abroad|editor-first=Bose|editor-last=Mandakranta|title=The Rāmāyaṇa Revisited|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2004|isbn=978-0-19-516832-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Das|first=Sisir Kumar|title=A History of Indian Literature 1911–1956:Struggle for Freedom: Triumph and Tragedy|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1995|isbn=978-81-7201-798-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Datta|first=Amaresh|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1987|isbn=978-81-260-1803-1}}
* {{cite book|last=Datta|first=Amaresh|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1988|isbn=978-81-260-1194-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Godbole|first=Arun|title=अजरामर 'गीत रामायण'|trans-title=Immortal ''Geet Ramayan''|url=http://www.bookganga.com/Preview/Preview.aspx?BookId=160512012718&PreviewType=ebooks|publisher=Kaushik Prakashan|language=mr|year=2009}}
* {{cite book|last=Lal|first=Mohan|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot|volume=5|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1992|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3}}
* {{cite book|last=Madgulkar|first=Anand|title='गीत रामायणाचे' रामायण|url=http://www.bookganga.com/Preview/Preview.aspx?BookId=5487365685233355478&PreviewType=books|language=mr|publisher=Utkarsh Prakashan|year=2004|isbn=978-81-7425-342-2}}
* {{cite book|last=Prabhavananda|first=Swami|title=[[Spiritual Heritage of India (book)|The Spiritual Heritage of India]]|publisher=[[Vedanta Press]]|year=1979|isbn=978-0-87481-035-6}}
* {{cite book|last=Rao|first=B. S. S.|title=Television For Rural Development|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|year=1992|isbn=978-81-7022-377-1}}
* {{cite book|last=Thiel-Horstmann|first=Monika|author-link=Monika Boehm-Tettelbach|title=Rāmayaṇa and Rāmāyaṇas|chapter=Eknaths Treatment of the Ramayana as a Socio|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=40A6s8l1lqQC&pg=PA147|publisher=[[Harrassowitz Verlag|Otto Harrassowitz Verlag]]|year=1991|isbn=978-3-447-03116-5}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130529193543/http://publicationsdivision.nic.in/b_show.asp?id=1794 Geet Ramayana – Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India]
* [http://milindspandit.org/assets/GeetRamayana.pdf An English Translation of Geet Ramayana]
* [http://www.gadima.com Official site of Ga. Di. Madgulkar – I]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080321131455/http://www.madgulkar.com/english/index.php Official site of Ga. Di. Madgulkar – II]

{{Ramayana}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Albums by Indian artists]]
[[Category:Hindustani classical music albums]]
[[Category:Indian poetry collections]]
[[Category:Indian radio programmes]]
[[Category:Marathi-language literature]]
[[Category:Marathi music]]
[[Category:Works based on the Ramayana]]
[[Category:All India Radio]]

Mirza Tahir Ahmad

2026-02-15T20:18:57Z

Doonedu: new new details v1

{{Short description|Ahmadiyya spiritual leader (1928–2003)}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=January 2017}}
{{Primary sources|date=January 2017}}
}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| name = Mirza Tahir Ahmad
| native_name = {{nq|مرزا طاہر احمد}}
| title = [[Ahmadiyya Caliphate|Caliph of the Messiah]] ''[[Amir al-Mu'minin]]''
| image = KhalifaIV Surrey.jpg
| caption = Mirza Tahir Ahmad in 2000
| religion = [[Ahmadiya]]
| denomination = [[Ahmadiyya]]
| post = [[Ahmadiyya Caliphate|Caliph]]
| consecration = 10 June 1982
| predecessor = [[Mirza Nasir Ahmad]]
| successor = [[Mirza Masroor Ahmad]]
| spouse = Asifa Begum (m. 1957–1992)
| children = Four
| father = [[Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad]]
| mother = Maryam Begum
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1928|12|18}}
| birth_place = [[Qadian]], [[Punjab (British India)|Punjab]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2003|4|19|1928|12|18}}
| death_place = [[London]], England
| resting_date =
| resting_place = [[Mubarak Mosque (Tilford)|Mubarak Mosque]], [[Tilford]], England
}}
{{Ahmadiyya|Organizational structure}}

'''Mirza Tahir Ahmad''' ({{script|ur-Arab|مرزا طاہر احمد}}; 18 December 1928 – 19 April 2003) was the [[Ahmadiyya Caliphate|fourth caliph]] ({{langx|ar|خليفة المسيح الرابع}}, ''khalīfatul masīh al-rābi'') and the head of the worldwide [[Ahmadiyya|Ahmadiyya Muslim Community]]. He was elected as the fourth successor of the founder of the community, [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]]. He was elected on 10 June 1982, the day after the death of his predecessor, [[Mirza Nasir Ahmad]].

Following the [[Ordinance XX]] that was promulgated by the government of Pakistan in 1984, which prohibited Ahmadi Muslims from any public expression of the Islamic faith, Tahir Ahmad left Pakistan and migrated to [[London]], [[England]], provisionally moving the headquarters of the community to the [[Fazl Mosque, London|Fazl Mosque]] in London.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.alislam.org/khilafat/|title=Khilafat}}</ref> He is noted particularly for his question and answer sessions which he held regularly with people from around the world and for his [[Quranic]] discourses. Under his leadership, there was an acceleration in the number of [[Ahmadiyya translations of the Quran|Quran translations]] produced by the Community; and during his caliphate, the Community experienced structural and financial growth on an international level, including the launch of the first Muslim satellite television network, [[Muslim Television Ahmadiyya]] in 1994 through which he could communicate televised messages to the Community globally and have his sermons and other public engagements transmitted throughout the world through this medium.<ref name="No Islam but Islam">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k_amBgAAQBAJ&q=Mirza+Masroor+Ahmad&pg=PA163 | title=No Islam but Islam|page=163| isbn=9781443874045|access-date=20 September 2015| last1=Moon| first1=Farzana| date=12 January 2015| publisher=Cambridge Scholars}}</ref>

Tahir Ahmad also authored many books including, ''Some Distinctive Features of Islam''; ''Christianity: A Journey from Facts to Fiction''; ''Murder in the Name of Allah'', and his magnum opus<ref>{{cite book | title=Where the Waters Meet: Convergence and Complementarity in Therapy and Theology | publisher=Karnac Books | first=David | last=Buckley | page=75}}</ref> ''[[Revelation, Rationality, Knowledge & Truth]]''.

==As Caliph==
The ''Majlis Intikhab Khilafat'' ([[Electoral College (Pakistan)|Electoral College]]), convened at Mubarik Mosque in [[Rabwah]], [[Pakistan]],<ref>{{cite video | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RFIG0jhc_5k&list=PL0D78DA4329855279 | title=The Life of Hadhrat Khalifatul Masih IV (ra)}}</ref> elected Mirza Tahir Ahmad as the fourth successor to [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]] and head of the community on 10 June 1982.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.alislam.org/library/tahir1.html | title=Hazrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad | access-date=5 March 2011}}</ref>

=== Muslim Television Ahmadiyya ===
{{Main|Muslim Television Ahmadiyya International}}
As [[Khalifatul Masih]], Mirza Tahir Ahmad established the Muslim Television Ahmadiyya (commonly referred to as [[Muslim Television Ahmadiyya International|MTA]]). This satellite-based channel broadcast its first program (the Friday Sermon by Tahir Ahmad) on 7 January 1994 from London.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4R7sndTccZM&list=PL4586A0A45B37CCE1&index=465&pp=gAQBiAQB | title=Friday Sermon 7 January 1994 | website=[[YouTube]] }}</ref>

=== International Bai'at ===
In 1993 Mirza Tahir Ahmad started an international initiation ceremony to be held every year at the annual gatherings of Ahmadis in which new converts join the community by pledging their allegiance to the Khalifa. The [[International Baiat|International Bai'at]] ceremony was broadcast live across the world. He often claimed that it was the historical fulfillment of the [[Pentecost]] that was destined to occur at the time of the [[Second Coming]].<ref>First International Baiat, Jalsa Salana 1 August 1993 {{YouTube|f2GFAjUUNfU|First International Baiat, Jalsa Salana 1 August 1993}}.</ref>

==Death==
Mirza Tahir Ahmad died in London on 19 April 2003 from heart failure.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2003/05/11/hadhrat-mirza-tahir-ahmad-74-spiritual-leader/ | title=Obituaries: Deaths Last Week | access-date=13 March 2011 | date=11 May 2003 | newspaper=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> The newly elected [[Caliph]] [[Mirza Masroor Ahmad]], as the [[Khalifatul Masih]] V, led the [[Salat al-Janazah|funeral prayer]] on 23 April 2003, attended by over 40,000 people from around the world.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.asianoutlook.com/articles/April/35.htm | title=Obituary of Hadhrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad | access-date=13 March 2011 | publisher=Asian Outlook | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030514203425/http://asianoutlook.com/articles/April/35.htm | archive-date=14 May 2003 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> His successor is his nephew, the son of one of his sisters.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gualtieri |first1=Antonio |last2=Gualtieri |first2=Roberto |date=2004 |title=Ahmadis: Community, Gender, and Politics in a Muslim Society |location=Montreal |publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press |page=157 }}</ref>

==Writings, speeches and Q&A sessions==

===''Revelation, Rationality, Knowledge and Truth'' ===
{{Main|Revelation, Rationality, Knowledge and Truth}}
Ahmad wrote a book title ''Revelation, Rationality, Knowledge and Truth'', which was a further development on a talk he gave in Zurich, Switzerland, in 1987. It covered many topics relating to the present-day. In this book he argued a rebuttal to the theories of biologist [[Richard Dawkins]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alislam.org/library/books/revelation/part_5_section_13.html |title=The 'Blind Watchmaker' Who Is Also Deaf and Dumb |publisher=Alislam.org |access-date=2012-10-07}}</ref> He argues that [[Socrates]] was a [[prophet]] of the ancient Greeks and that several other prominent figures from history were at the level of prophethood.

===Quranic exegesis===
Tahir Ahmad delivered annual commentaries on the [[Quran]] during the month of [[Ramadan]]. He incorporated lengthy discussions of previous commentators as well as the founder of Ahmadiyya and the Ahmadiyya Caliphs that came before him. In addition, he discussed the lexicon of the Quran and refuted many Orientalist ideas about the historicity of the Quran, Islam and the life of the Prophet Muhammad. His commentaries differed significantly from those offered by many of the classical Quranic commentators, placing emphasis on the importance of a logical and rational approach to the Quran. For example, he did not believe it was essential to rely heavily on [[Asbab al-nuzul]] (Circumstances of the Revelation) in order to understand the implications of the Quranic verses, instead, presenting strong arguments for the Quran offering its own context. He delivered seven discourses on the Asbab al-nuzul.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rehanqayoom.com/quranic-exegesis1.html|title=Introduction to the Surahs of The Noble Quran: With Brief Explanatory Notes to Some Verses}}</ref>

===Selected Books===
* Revelation, Rationality, Knowledge & Truth – Examines the relationship between science, philosophy and religion<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alislam.org/library/books/revelation/index.html |title=Revelation, Rationality, Knowledge and Truth |publisher=Al Islam |access-date=2012-10-07}}</ref>
* Sawaney Fazl – E – Omer – Official Biography of [[Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad]], the second Caliph of the [[Ahmadiyya Muslim Community]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alislam.org/urdu/sf/ |title=Swaneh Fazle Umar – Life History of Hadhrat Mirza Bashir-ud-din Mahmud Ahmad Khalifatul Masih II – Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at Urdu Pages |publisher=Alislam.org |access-date=2012-10-07}}</ref>
* An Elementary Study of Islam<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alislam.org/books/study-of-islam/index.html |title=An Elementary Study of Islam |publisher=Al Islam |access-date=2012-10-07}}</ref>
* Gulf Crisis and The New World Order<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alislam.org/library/books/newworldorder/ |title=Book: The Gulf Crisis & The New World Order |publisher=Al Islam |access-date=2012-10-07}}</ref>
* Christianity – A Journey from Facts to Fiction – Examines and discusses a variety of current Christian beliefs through logic and reason<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alislam.org/library/books/christianity_facts_to_fiction/index.html |title=Christianity: A Journey from Facts to Fiction |publisher=Al Islam |date=1928-12-18 |access-date=2012-10-07}}</ref>
* Murder in the Name of Allah<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alislam.org/library/books/mna/index.html |title=Murder in the Name of Allah |publisher=Al Islam |access-date=2012-10-07}}</ref>
* Zahaqal Baatil<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://alisl.am/u4090|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004155321/http://www.alislam.org/urdu/zb/|url-status=dead|title=زھق الباطل (حضرت مرزا طاہر احمد، خلیفۃ المسیح الرابعؒ)|archivedate=4 October 2006|website=alisl.am}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alislam.org/altaqwa/arabic_books/kirtas/kirt_index.html |title=سلسلة الخطب ردا على منشور حكومي |publisher=Alislam.org |access-date=2012-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018170245/http://www.alislam.org/altaqwa/arabic_books/kirtas/kirt_index.html |archive-date=18 October 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alislam.org/library/books/review-of-white-paper.html |title=A Review of the Pakistani Government's 'White Paper': Qadiyaniyyat – A Grave Threat to Islam |publisher=Alislam.org |access-date=2012-10-07}}</ref>
* Reality of punishment of apostasy in Islam (Urdu)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HkrwnSYVrdA&list=PLC5FE9BF9B69F6B3E |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211217/HkrwnSYVrdA |archive-date=2021-12-17 |url-status=live|title=Islam main irtidad ki saza ki haqeeqat – Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at Urdu Pages |publisher=Alislam.org |access-date=2012-10-07}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* Homeopathy<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alislam.org/library/books/homoeopathy.pdf |title=Homoeopathy – Like cures like |access-date=2012-10-07}}</ref>
* Some Distinctive Features of Islam<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alislam.org/books/distinct/index.html |title=Some Distinctive Features Of Islam |publisher=Alislam.org |access-date=2012-10-07}}</ref>
* Introduction to the Surahs of ''The Noble Quran'': With Brief Explanatory Notes to Some Verses<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rehanqayoom.com/quranic-exegesis1.html |title=Introduction to the Surahs of ''The Noble Quran'': With Brief Explanatory Notes to Some Verses |publisher=rehanqayoom.com }}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Ahmadiyya]]
*[[Khalifatul Masih]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
*{{Wikiquote-inline}}
*[https://www.youtube.com/TahirArchive The Tahir Archive].
*[http://rehanqayoompoet.blogspot.co.uk/p/blog-page_22.html Complete List of the Books of Hazrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad – Khalifatul Masih IV ].
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RFIG0jhc_5k&list=PL0D78DA4329855279 A Man of God – (Documentary on Life & Achievements)].
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100318023330/http://www.tahirfoundation.org/index.html The Tahir Foundation].

{{Ahmadiyya topics|state=collapsed}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahmad, Mirza Tahir}}
[[Category:Pakistani Ahmadis]]
[[Category:Pakistani homeopaths]]
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:2003 deaths]]
[[Category:Ahmadiyya Caliphate|Tahir Ahmad]]
[[Category:Family of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad|Tahir Ahmad]]
[[Category:Alumni of SOAS University of London]]
[[Category:University of the Punjab alumni]]
[[Category:People from Rabwah]]
[[Category:Pakistani emigrants to the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:20th-century caliphs]]
[[Category:21st-century caliphs]]
[[Category:20th-century Islamic religious leaders]]
[[Category:21st-century Islamic religious leaders]]

Santosh Thundiyil

2026-02-11T19:35:01Z

Doonedu:

{{short description|Indian cinematographer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Santosh Thundiyil
| image =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Changanassery]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| occupation = [[Cinematographer]]
| alma_mater = [[Film and Television Institute of India]]
| spouse =
|website={{URL|http://www.santoshthundiyil.com}}
}}
'''Santosh Thundiyil''' is an [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Cinematography|cinematographer]]. He is known for films such as ''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]'' (1998), ''[[Devadoothan]]'' (2000), ''[[Krrish]]'' (2006), ''[[Pinjar (film)|Pinjar]]'' (2003), ''[[Rowdy Rathore]]'' (2012) and ''[[Jai Ho (film)|Jai Ho]]'' (2014).

==Early life and education==
Santosh grew up in the town of [[Changanacherry]] in [[Kerala]]. He completed his schooling at Sacred Heart English Medium School and graduated with a degree in chemistry from [[St. Berchmans College]], Changanacherry. In 1994, he earned a postgraduate diploma in cinematography from the Film and Television Institute of India (FTII) in [[Pune]].<ref name=hindu>{{cite web | title = Cinema : Keralite behind the 'Krrish' magic | url = http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/07/21/stories/2006072100720100.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071127012723/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/07/21/stories/2006072100720100.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 27 November 2007 |date=21 July 2006| work = [[The Hindu]] | accessdate = 2014-04-30 }}</ref> As a student, he was selected to represent Asia at the second European Seminar for Student Directors of Photography, held at the National Film School in Budapest, Hungary.

==Career==
Santosh assisted cinematographers [[Govind Nihlani]], [[Venu (cinematographer)|Venu]] and [[Binod Pradhan]]. He has a number of commercials and documentary films to his credit. He received further training under renowned cinematographers [[Billy Williams (cinematographer)|Billy Williams]] and [[Dean Cundey]] during the European Seminar for Student Directors of Photography. He is a visiting professor at the [[IIT Bombay|Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai]] (IIT Mumbai) and his alma mater, the Film and Television Institute of India, Pune (FTII, Pune).<ref name=hindu/><ref>{{cite web| title = Santosh Thundiyil speaks on life and movies| publisher = Oneindia Entertainment| url = https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/features/2007/santosh-thundiyil-250107.html| date = 25 January 2007| access-date = 2014-04-30| archive-date = 21 October 2012| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121021022238/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/bollywood/features/2007/santosh-thundiyil-250107.html| url-status = live}}</ref>

==Filmography==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Language !! Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" |1998 || ''[[Pranayavarnangal]]''|| Malayalam ||
|-
| ''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]'' || rowspan="3" |Hindi ||
|-
| 1999 ||''[[Hello Brother (1999 film)|Hello Brother]]''||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2000 || ''[[Tera Jadoo Chal Gayaa]]''||
|-
| ''[[Devadoothan]]''|| Malayalam ||
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Pinjar (film)|Pinjar]]'' || rowspan="5" |Hindi ||
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Rok Sako To Rok Lo]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2005 || ''[[Waqt: The Race Against Time]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Kaal (2005 film)|Kaal]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2006 || ''[[Krrish]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Palunku]]'' || rowspan="2" |Malayalam ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2008 || ''[[Aakasha Gopuram]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Tipu Kanan Tipu Kiri]]'' || Malay ||
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Luck (2009 film)|Luck]]'' || rowspan="9" |Hindi ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2010 || ''[[Pyaar Impossible]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Tere Bin Laden]]'' ||
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Patiala House (film)|Patiala House]]'' ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Rowdy Rathore]]'' ||
|-
| 2013 ||''[[Jayantabhai Ki Luv Story]]'' ||<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pandolin.com/filming-in-digital-format-was-a-challenge-santosh-thundiyil/ |title=Filming in Digital Format Was a Challenge - Santosh Thundiyil |access-date=7 June 2018 |archive-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142234/https://pandolin.com/filming-in-digital-format-was-a-challenge-santosh-thundiyil/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| 2014 ||''[[Jai Ho (film)|Jai Ho]]'' ||<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1188982/fullcredits {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305134216/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1188982/fullcredits |date=5 March 2018 }} {{User-generated source|certain=yes|date=March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2016 ||''[[Rustom (film)|Rustom]]'' ||<ref>{{cite web | url=http://fullpicture.in/interview-detail/73/finding-the-balance-.html | title=Finding the balance of good cinema: The Santosh Thundiyil interview | access-date=7 June 2018 | archive-date=12 June 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142218/http://fullpicture.in/interview-detail/73/finding-the-balance-.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018 || ''[[Welcome to New York (2018 film)|Welcome to New York]]'' ||<ref>{{cite web | url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/loni/movies/welcome-to-new-york/ET00068878 | title=Welcome to New York (2018) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in loni - BookMyShow | access-date=8 June 2018 | archive-date=12 June 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141944/https://in.bookmyshow.com/loni/movies/welcome-to-new-york/ET00068878 | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Neerali]]'' || rowspan="2" |Malayalam ||<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sound-mixing-mohanlal-s-neerali-done-poland-81671 | title=Sound mixing for Mohanlal's 'Neerali' done in Poland | date=21 May 2018 | access-date=7 June 2018 | archive-date=30 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230173827/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sound-mixing-mohanlal-s-neerali-done-poland-81671 | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019 || ''[[Pengalila]]'' ||
|-
|| ''[[Setters (film)|Setters]]'' || rowspan="4" |Hindi ||
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Kartam Bhugtam]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2025 || ''[[Hisaab Barabar]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[The Bhootnii]]'' ||
|-
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Cinematographer
!Language
!Notes
|-
|2020
|''[[The Chargesheet: Innocent or Guilty|The Chargesheet: Innocent or Guilty?]]''
| {{Yes C}}
|Hindi
|Web series released on [[List of ZEE5 original web series|ZEE5]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Chargesheet – Innocent or Guilty: Ashoke Pandit opens up on producing murder mystery|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/the-chargesheet-innocent-or-guilty-ashoke-pandit-opens-up-on-producing-murder-mystery|access-date=2021-07-07|website=Free Press Journal|language=en|archive-date=9 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109140938/https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/the-chargesheet-innocent-or-guilty-ashoke-pandit-opens-up-on-producing-murder-mystery|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|''[[Illegal - Justice, Out of Order|Illegal]]'' Season 2
|{{Yes C}}
|Hindi
|Web series released on [[Voot]]
|}

==Awards and nominations==
'''Screen Awards'''
* 2005 - Best Cinematographer Award - ''Pinjar''
'''Asianet Film Awards'''
* 2006 - [[Asianet Film Awards#Best Cinematographer|Best Cinematographer Award]] - ''Palunku''
* 2008 - [[Asianet Film Awards#Best Cinematographer|Best Cinematographer Award]] - ''[[Aakasha Gopuram]]''
'''Filmfare Award'''
* 2012 - [[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer]] - ''[[Rowdy Rathore]]'' Nomination

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.santoshthundiyil.com/ Official Site]
* {{IMDb name|0862094}}
*[http://www.santoshthundiyil.com/cinematicsindia.html Cinematics India]

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Thundiyil, Santosh}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Malayalam film cinematographers]]
[[Category:Film and Television Institute of India alumni]]
[[Category:People from Changanassery]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian photographers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian photographers]]
[[Category:Cinematographers from Kerala]]

{{India-film-bio-stub}}

Kajal Pisal

2026-02-07T23:17:17Z

Doonedu: Created

{{short description|Indian television actress}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kajal Pisal
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[India]]
| occupation = [[Actress]]
| notable_works = {{ubl|''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]''|''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain]]''}}
| spouse = Abhijit Pisal<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/teaching-children-about-cyberbullying-is-essential-im-educating-my-daughter-on-all-this-kajal-pisal/articleshow/76731885.cms|title=Teaching children about cyberbullying is essential, I'm educating my daughter on all this : Kajal Pisal- Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=2 July 2020 |language=en|access-date=2020-07-02}}</ref>
| children = Sara Pisal<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kajal-pisal-i-have-made-my-daughter-responsible-and-independent/articleshow/76675255.cms|title=Kajal Pisal: I have made my daughter responsible and independent - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=28 June 2020 |language=en|access-date=2020-06-28}}</ref>
}}

'''Kajal Pisal''' is an [[List of Hindi television actresses|Indian television actress]] who works in [[Television in India|Hindi shows]].

==Career==

===2007–2014===
Pisal began her [[Television in India|television]] acting career in 2007 when [[Ekta Kapoor]] gave her a minor part in ''[[Kuchh Is Tara]]'', and next played episodic roles in ''[[Savdhaan India]]'', ''[[CID (Indian TV series)|CID]]'' and ''[[Adaalat (TV series)|Adaalat]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://m.mid-day.com/articles/kajal-pisal-wants-to-do-stand-up-comedy/20082184|title=Kajal Pisal wants to do stand-up comedy|work=Midday}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2018/jan/03/actress-kajal-pisal-excited-about-gujarati-movie-debut-1743451.html|title=Actress Kajal Pisal excited about Gujarati movie debut|work= New Indian Express}}</ref> In 2011, she bagged the role of Ishika in Kapoor's successful daily soap ''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bade-achhe-close-to-my-heart-kajal-pisal/articleshow/76706900.cms|title='Bade Achhe...' close to my heart: Kajal Pisal- Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2020-06-30|author=IANs|date=30 June 2020 }}</ref> It was her first big [[Breakout role|breakthrough]], followed by portraying Riya Malik in ''[[Ek Hazaaron Mein Meri Behna Hai]]'' opposite [[Karan Suchak]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Karan-Suchak-Kajal-Pisal-to-enter-Ek-Hazaaron-Mein-/articleshow/19321387.cms|title=Karan Suchak & Kajal Pisal to enter Ek Hazaaron Mein.. - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-09-01|author=Vijaya Tiwari|date=April 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://telanganatoday.com/kajal-pisal-looks-to-comedy-now|title=Kajal Pisal looks to comedy now|work=Telangana Today}}</ref> She also appeared as Maya in ''[[Ek Mutthi Aasmaan (TV series)|Ek Mutthi Aasmaan]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/television-shows-lack-content-says-actress-kajal-pisal-118071000102_1.html|title=Television shows lack content, says actress Kajal Pisal|work=Business Standard}}</ref>

===2015–present===

In 2015, Pisal got further recognition by portraying the negative role of Manasi Raheja in Rashmi Sharma's longest-running television series ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/gopi-bahu-will-compete-with-the-other-woman-in-saath-nibhaana-saathiya/articleshow/46384359.cms|title=Gopi bahu will compete with the other woman in Saath Nibhaana Saathiya- Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2005-06-03|author=Tanvi Trivedi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bhavini-tanya-and-kajal-get-nostalgic-about-saath-nibhana-saathiya/articleshow/77163458.cms|title=Kajal get nostalgic about Saath Nibhana Saathiya- Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=25 July 2020 |language=en|access-date=2020-07-25}}</ref> She next replaced [[Kishwer Merchant|Kishwer Merchant Rai]] as Neeta Malhotra in Sharma's medical romantic drama ''[[Savitri Devi College & Hospital]]'' in 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/kajal-pisal-takes-her-character-in-savitri-devi-college-hospital-as-a-fresh-one-1530487.html|title=Kajal Pisal Takes Her Character In Savitri Devi College & Hospital As A Fresh One|work=News18}}</ref> In 2018, she had a brief role in ''[[Udaan (2014 TV series)|Udaan]]'' as Kanchan Bedi.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2018/jul/20/kajal-pisal-joins-cast-of-udann-1846136.html|title=Kajal Pisal joins cast of 'Udann'|work=New Indian Express}}</ref>

In 2020, Pisal bagged a cameo as Adhira Mathur in Kapoor's supernatural thriller ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 5]]'' and starred as Ketki Aneja in ''[[Durga – Mata Ki Chhaya]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kajal-pisal-is-back-after-almost-two-years-with-naagin-5/articleshow/77400974.cms|title=Kajal Pisal is back after almost two years with 'Naagin 5'- Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=6 August 2020 |language=en|access-date=2020-08-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kajal-pisal-to-play-a-glamourous-role-in-durga/articleshow/79724129.cms|title=Kajal Pisal to play a {{sic|glam|ourous|nolink=y}} role in 'Durga'|work=Times of India}}</ref> In November 2021, she was cast as Asha Oberoi in Sharma's romantic drama series ''[[Sirf Tum (TV series)|Sirf Tum]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kajal-pisal-my-role-in-sirf-tum-is-out-of-my-comfort-zone-and-i-am-really-expecting-a-lot-from-it/articleshow/87555003.cms|title=Kajal Pisal: My role in Sirf Tum is out of my comfort zone and I am really expecting a lot from it- Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2021-11-06}}</ref>

== Television ==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Serial
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2007
| ''[[Kuchh Is Tara]]''
| Unknown
|
|-
| 2010
| ''[[CID (Indian TV series)|C.I.D]]''
| Megha Gupta
|
|-
| 2011–2014
| ''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain]]''
| Ishika Kapoor
|
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Savdhaan India]]''
| Smriti Roy
|
|-
| rowspan = "2" | 2013
| ''[[Ek Hazaaron Mein Meri Behna Hai]]''
| Riya Malik
|
|-
| ''[[Adaalat (TV series)|Adaalat]]''
| Anjali Rane
|
|-
| 2013–2014
| ''[[Ek Mutthi Aasmaan (TV series)|Ek Mutthi Aasmaan]]''
| Maya Bhandari
|
|-
| 2015; 2016
| ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]''
| Manasi Raheja
|
|-
|-
| 2017–2018
| ''[[Savitri Devi College & Hospital]]''
| Neeta Sachdev Malhotra
|
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Udaan (2014 TV series)|Udaan]]''
| Kanchan Bedi
|
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 5]]''
| Adhira Mathur
|
|-
| 2020–2021
| ''[[Durga – Mata Ki Chhaya]]''
| Ketki Aneja
|
|-
| 2021–2022
| ''[[Sirf Tum (TV series)|Sirf Tum]]''
| Asha Saxena Oberoi
|
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Sasural Simar Ka 2 ]]''
| Charulata
|
|-
| 2023–2025
| ''[[Jhanak]]''
| Tanuja Bose
|
|-
| 2026–present
| ''[[Lakshmi Niwas (2026 TV series)|Lakshmi Niwas]]''
| Nalini Gajendra Chauhan
|
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|4612100}}
* {{Instagram|pisalkajal}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pisal, Kajal}}
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Gujarati actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Shatrudhan Tiwari

2026-02-05T04:48:24Z

Doonedu: improved section also and updated info as per guidelines

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Shatrudhan Tiwari
| office = Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Amnour (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Amnour]]
| predecessor = [[Krishna Kumar Mantoo]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1960|05|01}}
| birth_place = Sirisiya Jagdev, Amnour, [[Saran district|Saran]], [[Bihar]]
| residence = Sirisiya Jagdev, Amnour, [[Saran district|Saran]], [[Bihar]]
| image =
| width = 200
| country = India
| election_date = 2015
| nationality = Indian
| children =
| alma_mater =
| cabinet =
| termstart = {{start date|df=y|2015|11}}
| successor = Krishna Kumar Mantoo
| term_end = 2020
}}

'''Shatrudhan Tiwari''' also known as '''Chokar Baba''' is a Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] representing [[Amnour (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]] in [[Saran district|Saran]], [[Bihar]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nocorruption.in/politician/shatrudhan-tiwari/|title=Shatrudhan Tiwari MLA of AMNOUR Bihar contact address & email|work=nocorruption.in|access-date=2017-09-04|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Tiwari was born at Amnour, Bihar, India. He completed his high school from Rai Saheb Paiga High School, Amnour.

== Political career ==
Tiwari was a [[social worker]] prior to entering politics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dainikkhojkhabar.live/2017/05/19/%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be/|title=सारण :नवनिर्मित विधालय भवन का विधायक चोकर बाबा ने किया उद्धाटन|date=2017-05-19|website=दैनिक खोज खबर|access-date=2017-09-04}}</ref> He joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in 2005 and was elected as a member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] in [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|assembly elections of 2015]]. He represents Amnour (Vidhan Sabha constituency).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/saran-will-soon-become-a-public-servant-chokar-baba-13145824.html|title=जनता का सेवक बनकर ही रहूंगा : चोकर बाबा|work=jagran|access-date=2017-09-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1151004/jsp/bihar/story_46035.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905005202/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1151004/jsp/bihar/story_46035.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 September 2017|title=Bihar Briefs - Sun, Oct 4, 2015|work=The Telegraph|access-date=2017-09-04}}</ref> He was nominated as BJP candidate from the same constituency in [[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|assembly elections of 2010]] but lost to Krishna Kumar of [[Janata Dal (United)]].
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="7" |Amnour Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) Election Results 2015
|-
|Year
|Constituency
|Category
|Winner
|Gender
|Party
|Votes
|-
|2015
|Amnour
|GEN
|Shatrudhan Tiwari
|M
|BJP
|39134
|}

==References==
<references />

== External links ==
* {{Facebook|ShatrudhanTiwariChokarBaba}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tiwari, Shatrudhan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:1960 births]]

{{Bihar-politician-stub}}

Game Changer (soundtrack)

2026-01-22T03:48:11Z

Doonedu: Starting some data w/ refs

{{Short description|2025 soundtrack album by Thaman S}}
{{notability|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Game Changer
| image = Game Changer Soundtrack album cover.jpg
| caption = Soundtrack album cover
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Thaman S]]
| released = 4 January 2025
| recorded = 2021–2024
| studio = * Prasad Film Labs, [[Hyderabad]]
* Studio Uno Records, [[Chennai]]
* [[YRF Studios]], [[Mumbai]]
* Studio28, [[Bangkok]]
* [[Shadab Rayeen|New Edge Studios]], Mumbai
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| label = [[Saregama]]
| length = {{Duration|m=29|s=44}}
| producer = [[Thaman S]]
| prev_title = [[Baby John (soundtrack)|Baby John]]
| prev_year = 2024
| next_title = [[Daaku Maharaaj]]
| next_year = 2025
| misc = {{Singles
| name = Game Changer
| type = soundtrack
| single1 = Jaragandi
| single1date = 27 March 2024
| single2 = Raa Macha Macha
| single2date = 30 September 2024
| single3 = NaaNaa Hyraanaa
| single3date = 28 November 2024
| single4 = Dhop
| single4date = 22 December 2024
}}
{{external music video| header = Jukebox
|{{YouTube|DtnKNrYZ5U8|''Game Changer'' – Jukebox}}}}
}}

'''''Game Changer''''' is the [[soundtrack album]] composed by [[Thaman S]] to the 2025 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action drama film]] [[Game Changer (film)|of the same name]] directed by [[S. Shankar]] and starring [[Ram Charan]]. The film marked Thaman's first collaboration with Shankar, and its soundtrack featured seven songs with lyrics written by [[Ramajogayya Sastry]], [[Anantha Sriram]], [[Kasarla Shyam]] and [[Roll Rida]]. The soundtrack was released under the [[Saregama]] label on 4 January 2025.

== Background and development ==
When the project was announced under the tentative title ''RC15'',{{Efn|Ram Charan's 15th film as a leading actor}} it was initially speculated that [[Anirudh Ravichander]] would compose music for the film after he previously associated with Shankar on ''[[Indian 2]]'' (2024).<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 February 2021 |title=Anirudh Ravichander to compose music for Ram Charan-Shankar film? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/anirudh-ravichander-to-compose-music-for-ram-charan-shankar-film/articleshow/81205085.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301210105/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/anirudh-ravichander-to-compose-music-for-ram-charan-shankar-film/articleshow/81205085.cms |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=20 February 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Later, on that March, Shankar's norm collaborator [[A. R. Rahman]] was also considered to score music for the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Balachandran |first=Logesh |date=10 March 2021 |title=AR Rahman to team up with Shankar for his period drama with Ram Charan? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/ar-rahman-to-team-up-with-shankar-for-his-period-drama-with-ram-charan-1777586-2021-03-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311122038/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/ar-rahman-to-team-up-with-shankar-for-his-period-drama-with-ram-charan-1777586-2021-03-10 |archive-date=11 March 2021 |access-date=20 September 2024 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> This was also speculated, when Rahman replied to a fan through X (formerly [[Twitter]]), anticipating his return to [[Telugu cinema]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 March 2021 |title=AR Rahman to compose for Ram Charan-Shankar film? |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/Mar/09/ar-rahman-to-compose-for-ram-charan-shankar-film-23213.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414194632/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/Mar/09/ar-rahman-to-compose-for-ram-charan-shankar-film-23213.html |archive-date=14 April 2021 |access-date=20 September 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> In July 2021, it was announced that [[Thaman S]] would compose the music for the film.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 July 2021 |title=Music director Thaman joins Shankar-RamCharan's #RC15 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/music-director-thaman-joins-shankar-ramcharans-rc15/articleshow/84545217.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211020545/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/music-director-thaman-joins-shankar-ramcharans-rc15/articleshow/84545217.cms |archive-date=11 December 2021 |access-date=11 December 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>

The film is Thaman's first collaboration, with [[S. Shankar|Shankar]] and third collaboration with Charan after ''[[Naayak]]'' (2013) and ''[[Bruce Lee: The Fighter]]'' (2015).<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 July 2021 |title=Thaman S reunites with Boys director Shankar for Ram Charan starrer #RC15 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/thaman-s-reunites-with-boys-director-shankar-for-ram-charan-starrer-rc15/articleshow/84548446.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802165735/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/thaman-s-reunites-with-boys-director-shankar-for-ram-charan-starrer-rc15/articleshow/84548446.cms |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=20 September 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Shankar has been in touch with Thaman, ever since the latter's acting debut with his directorial ''[[Boys (2003 film)|Boys]]'' (2003). Speaking to Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'', Thaman recalled "Rahman sir told me on April 1, last year, that Shankar sir wants me to compose for his new film; I thought it was a joke."<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2 April 2022 |title=Composer Thaman S discusses his musical evolution, composing for Shankar's next film, and more |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/thaman-s-rhythm-comes-easily-to-me/article65284015.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415001333/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/thaman-s-rhythm-comes-easily-to-me/article65284015.ece |archive-date=15 April 2022 |access-date=20 September 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> However, the producer [[Dil Raju]] called Thaman to meet Shankar at his residence on Chennai; Thaman who was re-recording the score for ''[[Vakeel Saab]]'' (2021) eventually met Shankar who asked him to compose a tune for the film. After finishing the tune, Shankar eventually impressed with it and confirmed his part in the film.<ref name=":0" /> Shankar's insistence on Thaman being involved in the project, was attributed to his liking on Thaman's compositions on ''[[Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo]]'' (2020).<ref name=":0" />

== Production ==
''Game Changer''<nowiki/>'s soundtrack featured around eight songs.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 July 2024 |title=Game Changer: Thaman shares new updates on the film's music and release plans |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/game-changer-thaman-shares-new-updates-on-the-films-music-and-release-plans/articleshow/111977938.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801012311/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/game-changer-thaman-shares-new-updates-on-the-films-music-and-release-plans/articleshow/111977938.cms |archive-date=1 August 2024 |access-date=20 September 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Thaman composed three songs each at specific intervals on March, April and July 2021 during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name=":0" /> The latter, being an introductory song which was recorded on 14–15 July 2021 in Hyderabad, with the help of 135 musicians.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2021 |title=Composer Thaman is excited to be on board for 'brother' Ram Charan's RC15 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/composer-thaman-on-board-for-ram-charan-director-shankar-rc15-7411677/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620162737/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/composer-thaman-on-board-for-ram-charan-director-shankar-rc15-7411677/ |archive-date=20 June 2023 |access-date=20 June 2023 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> By April 2022, he had composed around five songs for the film, which he called it as the fastest music composition for any of his films.<ref name=":0" /> As he designed the album exclusively for Shankar, Thaman had to change the sonic treatment of his music, making it different from his previous films.<ref name=":0" /> While composing "NaaNaa Hyraanaa", he came up with a unique programming technique that can produce different sounds with a lot of monotones.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-12-29 |title=Ram Charan and Kiara Advani's 'Game Changer' makers spend A Whopping Rs 75 Crores On Five Songs |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/ram-charan-and-kiara-advanis-game-changer-makers-spend-a-whopping-rs-75-crores-on-five-songs-13848373.html/amp |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref> On 19 September 2024, Thaman took to X (formerly Twitter) that the recording of the film's background score would commence from 1 October 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 September 2024 |title=Thaman shares update on Ram Charan starrer 'Game Changer' music, details inside |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/thaman-shares-update-on-ram-charan-starrer-game-changer-music-details-inside/articleshow/113474087.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240920012322/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/thaman-shares-update-on-ram-charan-starrer-game-changer-music-details-inside/articleshow/113474087.cms |archive-date=20 September 2024 |access-date=20 September 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Music videos ==
The songs were choreographed by [[Jani Master]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 July 2021 |title=#RC15: Choreographer Jani brought on-board Shankar and Ram Charan's film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/rc15-choreographer-jani-brought-on-board-shankar-and-ram-charans-film/articleshow/84542379.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917092218/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/rc15-choreographer-jani-brought-on-board-shankar-and-ram-charans-film/articleshow/84542379.cms |archive-date=17 September 2021 |access-date=20 September 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> [[Prabhu Deva]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arya |first=Bhawna |date=19 March 2023 |title=RC 15 Team, Prabhu Deva Welcome Ram Charan on Film's Sets With Naatu Naatu Dance; Watch Video |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/rc-15-team-prabhu-deva-welcome-ram-charan-on-films-sets-with-naatu-naatu-dance-watch-viral-video-7330393.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525171512/https://www.news18.com/movies/rc-15-team-prabhu-deva-welcome-ram-charan-on-films-sets-with-naatu-naatu-dance-watch-viral-video-7330393.html |archive-date=25 May 2023 |access-date=20 September 2024 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Ganesh Acharya]],<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=15 February 2023 |title=Bollywood dance director Ganesh Acharya to choreograph an introductory song on Ram Charan in Vizag for #RC15 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/bollywood-dance-director-ganesh-acharya-to-choreograph-an-introductory-song-on-ram-charan-in-vizag-for-rc15/articleshow/97946912.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218134218/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/bollywood-dance-director-ganesh-acharya-to-choreograph-an-introductory-song-on-ram-charan-in-vizag-for-rc15/articleshow/97946912.cms |archive-date=18 February 2023 |access-date=20 September 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> [[Bosco Martis]]<ref name=":1" /> and [[Prem Rakshith]].<ref name=":1" /> According to producer Dil Raju, around {{INRConvert|90|c}} had been invested on filming the songs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nasreen |first=Raisa |date=7 August 2023 |title=90 Crore! Ram Charan, Kiara Advani's Game Changer To Feature Most Expensive Songs As Makers Invest A Whopping Amount |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/90-crore-ram-charan-kiara-advanis-game-changer-to-feature-most-expensive-songs-as-makers-invest-a-whopping-amount-entertainment-news-article-102491515 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807063214/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/90-crore-ram-charan-kiara-advanis-game-changer-to-feature-most-expensive-songs-as-makers-invest-a-whopping-amount-entertainment-news-article-102491515 |archive-date=7 August 2023 |access-date=20 September 2024 |website=[[Times Now]] |language=en}}</ref> However, it was later revealed that the final amount for filming the songs were {{INRConvert|75|c}}.<ref name=":1" />

The song "Jaragandi" was reportedly made on a budget of ₹15–20 (US$1.8–24 million) becoming one of the most-expensive songs ever produced.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=28 October 2023 |title=Did you know Game Changer's first single was made with a budget of Rs 20 crore? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/did-you-know-game-changers-first-single-was-made-with-a-budget-of-rs-20-crore/articleshow/104749321.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102133400/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/did-you-know-game-changers-first-single-was-made-with-a-budget-of-rs-20-crore/articleshow/104749321.cms |archive-date=2 November 2023 |access-date=20 September 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It featured Charan and Advani, and over 600 dancers with choreography by Deva. The song was shot for 8 days at a specially erected 70-feet hill-village set at [[Ramoji Film City]] in Hyderabad.<ref name=":4" /> The lead pair and the dancers worn eco-friendly costumes made from [[jute]] designed by the duo Ashwin–Rajesh.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adivi |first=Sashidhar |date=2024-12-29 |title=Ram Charan's Filmmakers Spent Rs 75 Crore On 'Game Changer' Songs |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/ram-charans-filmmakers-spent-rs-75-crore-on-game-changer-songs-article-116765264/amp |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>

The song "Raa Macha Macha", under Acharya's choreography, was shot at various locations in and around [[Visakhapatnam]] which includes: [[Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management]], [[Simhachalam Hill Range]] and [[RK Beach]].<ref name=":2" /> Described as a tribute to Indian dance forms and folklore from various regions, the song featured more than 1000 folk dancers.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2025-01-03 |title=Wondering why Game Changer team spent Rs 75 crore on four songs? Russian dancers, shooting in New Zealand, thousands of extras |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/wondering-why-game-changer-team-spent-rs-75-crore-on-four-songs-russian-dancers-shooting-in-new-zealand-thousands-of-extras-9757632/ |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> In an interaction with Thaman, Shankar revealed that Charan had danced for an entire piece of the song's bit in a single shot.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-26 |title='Ram Charan danced to entire piece of background music in a single shot for Raa Macha Macha': Game Changer director Shankar |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/ram-charan-danced-to-entire-piece-of-background-music-in-a-single-shot-for-raa-macha-macha-game-changer-director-shankar-9589978/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927015115/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/ram-charan-danced-to-entire-piece-of-background-music-in-a-single-shot-for-raa-macha-macha-game-changer-director-shankar-9589978/ |archive-date=2024-09-27 |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-27 |title=S Shankar reveals Ram Charan danced to a lengthy BGM in a single shot for the 'Game Changer' song 'Raa Macha Macha' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/s-shankar-reveals-ram-charan-danced-to-a-lengthy-bgm-in-a-single-shot-for-the-game-changer-song-raa-macha-macha/articleshow/113714065.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240929165047/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/s-shankar-reveals-ram-charan-danced-to-a-lengthy-bgm-in-a-single-shot-for-the-game-changer-song-raa-macha-macha/articleshow/113714065.cms |archive-date=2024-09-29 |access-date=2024-10-05 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Charan also recreated [[Chiranjeevi]]'s [[veena]] step from the song "Dayi Dayi Damma" featured in ''[[Indra (2002 film)|Indra]]'' (2002).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-10-01 |title=Ram Charan recreates Chiranjeevi's dance moves in 'Game Changer' song, 'Ram Macha Macha' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/ram-charan-recreates-chiranjeevis-dance-moves-in-game-changer-song-ram-macha-macha/articleshow/113834487.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002021003/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/ram-charan-recreates-chiranjeevis-dance-moves-in-game-changer-song-ram-macha-macha/articleshow/113834487.cms |archive-date=2024-10-02 |access-date=2024-10-05 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nyayapati |first=Neeshita |date=2024-09-30 |title=Game Changer song Raa Macha Macha: Ram Charan recreates Chiranjeevi's famous veena step. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/game-changer-song-raa-macha-macha-ram-charan-recreates-chiranjeevis-famous-veena-step-watch-101727697141875.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240930171358/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/game-changer-song-raa-macha-macha-ram-charan-recreates-chiranjeevis-famous-veena-step-watch-101727697141875.html |archive-date=2024-09-30 |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

"NaaNaa Hyraanaa" which featured the lead pair under Martis' choreography was filmed at [[New Zealand]] which costed {{INRConvert|15|c}}.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 November 2022 |title=RC15: Is director Shankar picturing a song worth Rs 15 crores on Ram Charan? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/rc15-is-director-shankar-picturing-a-song-worth-rs-15-crores-on-ram-charan/articleshow/95584998.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120181344/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/rc15-is-director-shankar-picturing-a-song-worth-rs-15-crores-on-ram-charan/articleshow/95584998.cms |archive-date=20 November 2022 |access-date=20 September 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2022 |title=Ram Charan And Kiara Advani's RC15 To Have 'Special Song' With Rs 15 Crore Budget |url=https://www.news18.com/news/entertainment/ram-charan-and-kiara-advanis-rc15-to-have-special-song-with-rs-15-crore-budget-6408091.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819135820/https://www.news18.com/news/entertainment/ram-charan-and-kiara-advanis-rc15-to-have-special-song-with-rs-15-crore-budget-6408091.html |archive-date=19 August 2023 |access-date=20 September 2024 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref> Cinematographer Tirru shot the song using [[infrared camera]], which has ability to bring out various colours.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Adivi |first=Sashidhar |date=2024-11-26 |title='Naa Naa Hyraanaa' From 'Game Changer' Is The First Indian Song To Be Shot On 'Infrared Camera' |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/naa-naa-hyraanaa-from-game-changer-is-the-first-indian-song-to-be-shot-on-infrared-camera-article-115677933/amp |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref> The song was not included in the initial release due to the technical difficulties in processing the infrared images to the theatrical version.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Game Changer's NaaNaa Hyraanaa removed temporarily, to return on this date |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/game-changer-song-naanaa-hyraanaa-removed-temporarily-2662648-2025-01-10 |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-01-10 |title='Game Changer': Song 'NaaNaa Hyraanaa' from Shankar-Ram Charan film edited out temporarily due to technical issues |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/game-changer-song-naanaa-hyraanaa-from-shankar-ram-charan-film-edited-out-temporarily-due-to-technical-issues/article69083616.ece |access-date=2025-01-18 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=George |first=Aradhana |date=2025-01-10 |title='NaaNaa Hyraanaa' song from 'Game Changer' removed; audiences disappointed |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2025/01/10/song-from-game-changer-removed-audiences-disappointed0.html |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=The Week}}</ref> Though, the producers ensured that the song would be included in the theatrical cut by 14 January, the song was eventually added to theatres within two days.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-12 |title=Game Changer: 'Naanaa Hyraanaa' featuring Ram Charan and Kiara Advani to be added in the film from today |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/game-changer-naanaa-hyraanaa-featuring-ram-charan-and-kiara-advani-to-be-added-in-the-film-from-today-13852057.html/amp |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-01-12 |title='Naanaa Hyraanaa' from Ram Charan and Kiara Advani's 'Game Changer' added in theatres |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/naanaa-hyraanaa-from-ram-charan-and-kiara-advanis-game-changer-added-in-theatres/articleshow/117165977.cms |access-date=2025-01-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

The song "Dhop" was filmed at the Ramoji Film City, which was picturized on the lead pair and with choreography by Jani, featured around 100 dancers from [[Russia]].<ref name=":6" />

== Marketing and release ==
The audio rights for the film were acquired by [[Saregama]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2023 |title=Saregama Secures The Audio Rights Of Ram Charan-starrer Game Changer |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/saregama-secures-the-audio-rights-of-ram-charan-starrer-game-changer-8653719.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108110103/https://www.news18.com/movies/saregama-secures-the-audio-rights-of-ram-charan-starrer-game-changer-8653719.html |archive-date=8 November 2023 |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref> Prior to its release, the song "Jaragandi" was [[Music leak|leaked online]] on 16 September 2023,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2023 |title=Ram Charan's song from Shankar's 'Game Changer' leaked: Reports |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/ram-charans-song-from-shankars-game-changer-leaked-reports-2436459-2023-09-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106161514/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/ram-charans-song-from-shankars-game-changer-leaked-reports-2436459-2023-09-16 |archive-date=6 November 2023 |access-date=20 September 2024 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=16 September 2023 |title=Game Changer Song Made on Whopping Budget Leaked, Makers Furious |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/160923/ram-charan-movie-game-changer-song-leaked-makers-file-legal-action.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102115622/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/160923/ram-charan-movie-game-changer-song-leaked-makers-file-legal-action.html |archive-date=2 January 2024 |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> which led to the arrest of two individuals for leaking the footage and prompting the makers to take action against such incidents. On the occasion of [[Vijayadashami|Dusshera]] (23 October 2023), it was announced that the song would be released as a single on [[Diwali]] (12 November 2023).<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2023 |title='Game Changer': First track 'Jaragandi' from Ram Charan-Kiara Advani starrer to be out on this date |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/game-changer-first-track-jaragandi-from-ram-charan-kiara-advani-starrer-to-be-out-on-this-date/articleshow/104670371.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102114119/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/game-changer-first-track-jaragandi-from-ram-charan-kiara-advani-starrer-to-be-out-on-this-date/articleshow/104670371.cms |archive-date=2 January 2024 |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> But, the song was postponed indefinitely, a day prior to its release.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2023 |title=Ram Charan's 'Game Changer' 1st song 'Jaragandi' postponed. Here's why |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/ram-charan-kiara-advani-shankar-game-changer-first-song-jaragandi-postponed-unavoidable-audio-documentation-2461646-2023-11-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118032920/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/ram-charan-kiara-advani-shankar-game-changer-first-song-jaragandi-postponed-unavoidable-audio-documentation-2461646-2023-11-11 |archive-date=18 January 2024 |access-date=20 September 2024 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> The delay was attributed to audio documentation issues, as the leaked version of the song received negative response prompting Thaman to change the singers.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 November 2023 |title=The first single Jargandi from Ram Charan's 'Game Changer' has been postponed! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/the-first-single-jargandi-from-ram-charans-game-changer-has-been-postponed/articleshow/105147252.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114174741/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/the-first-single-jargandi-from-ram-charans-game-changer-has-been-postponed/articleshow/105147252.cms |archive-date=14 November 2023 |access-date=20 September 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The leaked version initially had vocals by [[Anurag Kulkarni]] and [[Sunidhi Chauhan]], before [[Daler Mehndi]] replaced Kulkarni's vocals in the Telugu version.<ref name=":3" /> It was released on 27 March 2024, on the occasion of Charan's 39th birthday.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohammad |first=Avad |date=28 March 2024 |title=Ram Charan's birthday - From mixed response for Jaragandi to key updates on his next films, the global star had an eventual day |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/ram-charans-birthday-from-mixed-response-for-jaragandi-to-key-updates-on-his-next-films-the-global-star-had-an-eventual-day/05de37d624262 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240412180855/https://www.ottplay.com/news/ram-charans-birthday-from-mixed-response-for-jaragandi-to-key-updates-on-his-next-films-the-global-star-had-an-eventual-day/05de37d624262 |archive-date=12 April 2024 |access-date=20 September 2024 |website=[[OTTPlay]]}}</ref>

On the occasion of [[Ganesh Chaturthi]] (7 September 2024), the makers released a poster indicating that the second single from the film will be released later this month.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adivi |first=Sashidhar |date=8 September 2024 |title=Game Changer's Second Single To Strike In September: Filmmakers Release Ram Charan's New Poster |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/game-changers-second-single-to-strike-in-september-filmmakers-release-ram-charans-new-poster-article-113159966 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908014217/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/game-changers-second-single-to-strike-in-september-filmmakers-release-ram-charans-new-poster-article-113159966 |archive-date=8 September 2024 |access-date=20 September 2024 |website=[[Times Now]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2024 |title=Second single from Ram Charan's Game Changer gets a release window |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Sep/08/second-single-from-ram-charans-game-changer-gets-a-release-window |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913172333/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Sep/08/second-single-from-ram-charans-game-changer-gets-a-release-window |archive-date=13 September 2024 |access-date=20 September 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> On 25 September, the song's title was revealed as "Raa Macha Macha",<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-25 |title=Ram Charan starrer 'Game Changer' second track "Raa Macha Macha" to release soon! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/ram-charan-starrer-game-changer-second-track-raa-macha-macha-to-release-soon/articleshow/113654020.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927125423/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/ram-charan-starrer-game-changer-second-track-raa-macha-macha-to-release-soon/articleshow/113654020.cms |archive-date=2024-09-27 |access-date=2024-10-05 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and the promo was released on 28 September.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-28 |title='Raa Macha Macha' song promo out; full single to be out on Monday |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Sep/28/raa-macha-macha-song-promo-out-full-single-to-be-out-on-monday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241001162914/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Sep/28/raa-macha-macha-song-promo-out-full-single-to-be-out-on-monday |archive-date=2024-10-01 |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-28 |title=Raa Macha Macha Promo: Ram Charan Burns The Dance Floor In This Game Changer Song |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/raa-macha-macha-promo-ram-charan-burns-the-dance-floor-in-this-game-changer-song-9069039.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241001022830/https://www.news18.com/movies/raa-macha-macha-promo-ram-charan-burns-the-dance-floor-in-this-game-changer-song-9069039.html |archive-date=2024-10-01 |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref> Two three-minute videos titled ''Sounds of Game Changer''—an interaction between Shankar and Thaman, and Raju and lyricist Anantha Sriram, describing the making of the song—was released.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=teyzIJgOqTI |title=The Sounds of Game Changer {{!}} Interview with Shankar & Thaman S {{!}} Ram Charan {{!}} Raa Macha Macha |date=2024-09-26 |last= |publisher=[[Saregama|Saregama Telugu]] |access-date=2024-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926133441/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=teyzIJgOqTI |archive-date=2024-09-26 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LvNt_vzw_ns |title=The Sounds of Game Changer - Vol 2 {{!}} Dil Raju X Anantha Sriram {{!}} Ram Charan {{!}} Thaman S |date=2024-09-30 |last= |publisher=[[Saregama|Saregama Telugu]] |access-date=2024-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002100052/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LvNt_vzw_ns |archive-date=2024-10-02 |url-status=live |via=YouTube}}</ref> The full song was then released on 30 September 2024.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=30 September 2024 |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/game-changer-song-raa-macha-macha-out-ram-charans-dance-steps-and-thamans-music-in-the-folk-style-number-are-a-banger-1351141 |title=Game Changer song Raa Macha Macha OUT: Ram Charan's dance steps and Thaman's music in the folk-style number are a banger |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |date=30 September 2024 |archive-date=30 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240930112256/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/game-changer-song-raa-macha-macha-out-ram-charans-dance-steps-and-thamans-music-in-the-folk-style-number-are-a-banger-1351141 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Its release coincided with a launch event held at [[St. Martin's Engineering College]] in [[Hyderabad]] with Shankar, Raju, Thaman, Sriram, [[S. J. Suryah]] and [[Srikanth (actor, born 1968)|Srikanth]] in attendance.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-30 |title=Game Changer song Raa Macha Macha: Ram Charan, Shankar boost the hype with Thaman's high-energy track |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/game-changer-song-raa-macha-macha-ram-charan-shankar-boost-the-hype-with-thamans-high-energy-track-9596469/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241001023428/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/game-changer-song-raa-macha-macha-ram-charan-shankar-boost-the-hype-with-thamans-high-energy-track-9596469/ |archive-date=2024-10-01 |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

On 23 November, the third single was announced.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-24 |title=Ram Charan's Game Changer Third Single Release Date Locked |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/global-star-ram-charan-dil-raju-shankars-game-changer-third-single-to-release-on-november-28-1840826 |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-23 |title='Game Changer' third song starring Ram Charan and Kiara Advani in a romantic purple setting to release on THIS date |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/game-changer-third-song-starring-ram-charan-and-kiara-advani-in-a-romantic-purple-setting-to-release-on-this-date/articleshow/115646112.cms |access-date=2024-12-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> A romantic number pictured on Charan and Advani, it was titled "Naa Naa Hyraanaa" and promoted with two [[behind-the-scenes]] interaction videos: one with Shankar and Thaman,<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=qFH3Kw1nCEls0WBq%3F&v=ufFNs6sm6Ew&feature=youtu.be |title=Game Changer {{!}} Behind The Song - #NaaNaaHyraanaa {{!}} Thaman X Shankar {{!}} Ram Charan {{!}} Kiara Advani |date=2024-11-25 |last= |publisher=Dil Raju |access-date=2024-11-20 |via=YouTube}}</ref> and the other, regarding the making of the song with the singers Karthik and Shreya Ghoshal.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=iLhOGtPZCi-bHUC3&v=4b6QMpJvTQs&feature=youtu.be |title=Game Changer {{!}} Behind The Song - BTS #NaanaaHyraanaa {{!}} Ram Charan {{!}} Shankar {{!}} Thaman S |date=2024-11-26 |last= |publisher=Saregama Telugu |access-date=2024-12-20 |via=YouTube}}</ref> The song was officially released on 28 November, in three languages.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-29 |title=Game Changer: ట్రెండింగ్‌లో గేమ్ ఛేంజర్ మెలోడి..యూట్యూబ్ ను ఊపేస్తున్న నానా హైరానా.. |url=https://tv9telugu.com/entertainment/tollywood/ram-charan-kiara-advani-game-changer-movie-na-na-hyrana-song-trending-on-youtube-1410155.html/amp |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=TV9 Telugu |language=te}}</ref> The fourth song was announced on 18 December, being titled as "Dhop"<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-12-19 |title=Makers share promo of fourth single 'Dhop' from Ram Charan and Kiara Advani starrer 'Game Changer' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/makers-share-promo-of-fourth-single-dhop-from-ram-charan-and-kiara-advani-starrer-game-changer/articleshow/116459727.cms |access-date=2024-12-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and was launched at the pre-release event held in [[Dallas]], [[Texas]] on 21 December at 9:00 p.m. [[Central Time Zone|CST]], and in India on 22 December at 8:30 a.m. [[Indian Standard Time|IST]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2024-12-18 |title=Game Changer Fourth Single Dhop Promo: Ram Charan And Kiara Advani Ready To Electrify Fans With High-Octane Track |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!entertainment/game-changer-fourth-single-dhop-promo-ram-charan-and-kiara-advani-ready-to-electrify-fans-with-high-octane-track-enn24121806096 |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref>

The remaining songs—"Arugu Meedha", "Konda Devara" and "Koparap"— were released with the soundtrack album on 4 January 2025.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=4 January 2025 |title=Game Changer (Telugu) |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/3wuQ79aExSzvo3n5tmM9Yx?si=4maBZHXJTpK4fFCme_QNfw |work=Spotify}}</ref> Later, the song "Unpredictable", which featured vocals by [[Blaaze]], and lyrics written by Blaaze and Adviteeya Vojjala was released as an additional track on 9 January 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-09 |title=Unpredictable (From "Game Changer") – Single |url=https://music.apple.com/am/album/unpredictable-from-game-changer-single/1789477864 |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=Apple Music}}</ref>

== Track listing ==
{{track listing
| all_writing =
| headline = Telugu
| total_length = 29:44
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Jaragandi
| lyrics1 = [[Anantha Sriram]]
| extra1 = [[Daler Mehndi]], [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]
| length1 = 4:20
| title2 = Raa Macha Macha
| lyrics2 = Anantha Sriram
| extra2 = [[Nakash Aziz]]
| length2 = 4:32
| title3 = NaaNaa Hyraanaa
| lyrics3 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| extra3 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length3 = 4:34
| title4 = Dhop
| lyrics4 = Ramajogayya Sastry
| extra4 = Thaman S, [[Roshini (singer)|Roshini]], Prudhvi Chandra, Sruthi Ranjani Modumudi
| length4 = 4:51
| title5 = Arugu Meedha
| lyrics5 = [[Kasarla Shyam]]
| extra5 = Thaman S, Roshini
| length5 = 5:46
| title6 = Konda Devara
| lyrics6 = Kasarla Shyam
| extra6 = Thaman S, [[Sravana Bhargavi]]
| length6 = 2:55
| title7 = Koparap
| lyrics7 = [[Roll Rida]]
| extra7 = Thaman S, [[Roll Rida]]
| length7 = 2:44
}}
{{Track listing
| all_writing =
| headline = Extended soundtrack
| total_length = 32:38
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title8 = Unpredictable
| lyrics8 = [[Blaaze]], Adviteeya Vojjala
| extra8 = Thaman S, Blaaze
| length8 = 2:54
| title9 = Jaragandi – Version 2
| lyrics9 = Anantha Sriram
| extra9 = [[Sri Krishna (singer)|Sri Krishna]], Sahiti Chaganti
| length9 = 4:20
}}
{{track listing
| all_writing =
| headline = Tamil
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Raa Macha Macha
| lyrics1 = [[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]]
| extra1 = Nakash Aziz
| length1 = 4:32
| title2 = Lyraanaa
| lyrics2 = Vivek
| extra2 = Karthik, Shreya Ghoshal
| length2 = 4:34
| title3 = Dhop
| lyrics3 = Vivek
| extra3 = [[Aditi Shankar]], Prudhvi Chandra, Sruthi Ranjani Modumudi
| length3 = 4:51
| title4 = Jaragandi
| lyrics4 = Vivek
| extra4 = Daler Mehndi, Pooja Venkat
| length4 = 4:20
| title5 = Varusanaatu
| lyrics5 = [[Yugabharathi]]
| extra5 = Thaman S, Roshini
| length5 = 4:39
| title6 = Konda Devara
| lyrics6 = Yugabharathi
| extra6 = Thaman S, Sindhuja Srinivasan
| length6 = 2:21
| title7 = Koparap
| lyrics7 = [[Arivu]]
| extra7 = Thaman S, SOK
| length7 = 2:08
}}
{{track listing
| all_writing =
| headline = Hindi
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Jaragandi
| lyrics1 = [[Kumaar]]
| extra1 = Daler Mehndi, Sahithi Chaganti
| length1 = 4:20
| title2 = Dam Tu Dikhaja
| lyrics2 = Kumaar
| extra2 = Nakash Aziz
| title3 = Jaana Hairaan Sa
| length3 = 4:34
| lyrics3 = [[Kausar Munir]]
| extra3 = Karthik, Shreya Ghoshal
| title4 = Dhop
| length4 = 4:51
| lyrics4 = Raqueeb Alam
| extra4 = [[Raja Kumari]], Prudhvi Chandra, Shruthi Ranjani Modumudi
| length2 = 4:32
| title5 = Aaj Poocha
| lyrics5 = [[Swanand Kirkire]]
| extra5 = Thaman S, Adviteeya Vojjala
| length5 = 4:39
| title6 = Tu Hi Davatha
| lyrics6 = Swanand Kirkire
| extra6 = Thaman S, Sravana Bhargavi
| length6 = 2:21
| title7 = Koparap
| lyrics7 = Raqueeb Alam
| extra7 = Thaman S, MC Hari
| length7 = 2:08
}}

== Background score ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Game Changer
| type = film score
| artist = [[Thaman S]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2 February 2025
| recorded = 2021–2024
| studio =
| genre = [[Film score]]
| length = {{Duration|m=33|s=20}}
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| label = [[Saregama]]
| producer = [[Thaman S]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline =
| title1 = The Raid
| length1 = 1:22
| title2 = Ram's Comeback
| length2 = 1:38
| title3 = Ram Nandan's Love
| length3 = 1:23
| title4 = Love Dhop
| length4 = 3:20
| title5 = Mopidevi
| length5 = 3:04
| title6 = The Return Of Parvathy
| length6 = 1:59
| title7 = CM Ram Nandan
| length7 = 1:58
| title8 = The Soul Of Appanna – Part 1
| length8 = 2:00
| title9 = The Soul Of Appanna – Part 2
| length9 = 2:22
| title10 = The Soul Of Appanna – Part 3
| length10 = 1:29
| title11 = The Attack
| length11 = 1:47
| title12 = Truth Of Appanna
| length12 = 2:31
| title13 = The Sacrifice
| length13 = 1:18
| title14 = The Conflict
| length14 = 1:55
| title15 = The Unpredictable Rap Verse
| length15 = 2:23
| title16 = The Hope
| length16 = 2:44
| total_length = 33:20
}}

== Reception ==
Avinash Ramachandran of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' mentioned Thaman as one of "the striking aspects" of the film where he ensures that "there is never a moment where we are not invested in the proceedings".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Avinash |date=2025-01-10 |title=Game Changer movie review: A riveting Ram Charan anchors a middling Shankar showreel that needed more upgrades |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/game-changer-the-rule-movie-review-a-riveting-ram-charan-anchors-a-middling-shankar-showreel-that-needed-upgrades-9771339/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250110113454/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/game-changer-the-rule-movie-review-a-riveting-ram-charan-anchors-a-middling-shankar-showreel-that-needed-upgrades-9771339/ |archive-date=2025-01-10 |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Paul Nicodemus of ''[[The Times of India]]'' mentioned that "Thaman's musical score elevates the film, with a soundtrack that compliments its themes" and also described "Jaragandi" as one of the highlights in terms of picturization.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nicodemus |first=Paul |date=2025-01-10 |title=Game Changer Movie Review: Ram Charan and Shankar deliver a grand political drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/game-changer/amp_movie_review/117105664.cms |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Sashidhar Adivi of ''[[Times Now]]'' wrote "Thaman's score elevates the cinematic experience complementing the visual brilliance achieved by the technical team."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adivi |first=Sashidhar |date=2025-01-10 |title=Game Changer Movie Review: Ram Charan Film Is Visually Beautiful But Lacks Emotional Depth |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/game-changer-movie-review-ram-charan-impresses-fans-with-mass-entertainer-review-117098890 |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref> Arjun Menon of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote "Thaman's songs have a experimental, percussion-based folk sounding to it that adds some flavour."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Arjun |date=2025-01-10 |title=Game Changer Review |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/game-changer-review/20250110.htm |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref> Balakrishna Ganeshan of The News Minute added that Thaman's "high-octane music amplify the style and narrative".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ganeshan |first=Balakrishna |date=2025-01-10 |title=Game Changer review: Ram Charan & SJ Suryah shine in Shankar's engaging political drama |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/game-changer-review-ram-charan-sj-suryah-shine-in-shankars-engaging-political-drama |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>

Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' added that "Thaman's music and the background score are in tandem with the mood of the narrative" but felt that the songs did not stand out despite the grandeur and picturization.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2025-01-10 |title='Game Changer' movie review: This Shankar, Ram Charan, SJ Suryah film chooses instant gratification over emotional heft |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/game-changer-movie-review-the-fun-is-tailormade-for-instant-gratification/article69083917.ece/ |access-date=2025-01-18 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Janani K. of ''[[India Today]]'' wrote "While the songs, composed by S Thaman, are mounted in eyebrow-raising set pieces, they hardly make you feel wow, like they did in the 90s. The songs hardly made any impact or were worth humming."<ref>{{Cite web |last=K. |first=Janani |date=2025-01-10 |title=Game Changer review: Ram Charan excels, Shankar settles for mediocrity |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/game-changer-review-ram-charan-excels-shankar-settles-for-mediocrity-2662790-2025-01-10 |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Deepa Gahlot of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' stated "The songs are instantly forgettable. The loud, insistent background score could wake up the dead on the next planet."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gahlot |first=Deepa |date=2025-01-10 |title='Game Changer' review: A deafening and dated vigilante thriller |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1077469/game-changer-review-a-deafening-and-dated-vigilante-thriller |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}{{Thaman S}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2025 soundtrack albums]]
[[Category:2020s film soundtrack albums]]
[[Category:Telugu film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Saregama soundtracks]]
[[Category:Drama film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Action film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Thaman S soundtracks]]

Suyash Gargate

2026-01-16T14:07:19Z

Doonedu: Stub

{{Short description|Indian kho kho player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
'''Suyash Vishwas Gargate''' (born 8 June 1997)<ref name=":0">https://mkka.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/50_senior_national_campionship_2016-17.pdf Page 7 players list with DoB, address</ref> is an Indian kho kho player from [[Maharashtra]]. He plays for the [[India men's national kho kho team]] as an all-rounder.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kho Kho Federation of India (KKFI) - KKFI Official Website |url=https://khokhofederation.in/world-cup-team-matches/?id=2 |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Kho Kho Federation |language=en-US}}</ref> He was part of the Indian men’s team that won the inaugural [[Kho Kho World Cup]] held at [[New Delhi]] in January 2025. He plays for [[Gujarat Giants (kho kho)|Gujarat Giants]] in the [[Ultimate Kho Kho]] (UKK), a franchise based league tournament. Giants won the UKK in their second season in 2024.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Suyash Vishwas Gargate Profile 228 |url=https://www.ultimatekhokho.com/players/suyash-vishwas-gargate-profile-228 |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=Ultimate Kho Kho |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramji Kashyap leads Chennai Quick Guns to first win in Ultimate Kho Kho season two |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/others/ramji-kashyap-leads-chennai-quick-guns-to-first-win-in-ultimate-kho-kho-season-two20231225231240/ |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Gargate is from Vijaynagar Colony, [[Pune]], Maharashtra.<ref name=":0" /> He has an elder brother. He completed his BSc in computer science and later, did an MA in economics. He started playing kho kho in 2007.<ref name=":1" /> In September 2024, he was recruited by the Department of School Education and Sports, Government of Maharashtra, as a Sports Executive Officer (Training), a Group B gazetted post.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-12 |title=Kho Kho: Highly Qualified Players Directly Recruited to Group-A and Group-B Posts |url=https://khokhochampions.com/kho-kho-highly-qualified-players-directly-recruited-to-group-a-and-group-b-posts/ |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=KHO KHO CHAMPIONS |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Career ==
In January 2025, Gargate was part of the Indian team that won the inaugural Kho Kho World Cup at New Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India Women's Captain Priyanka Ingle Gears Up For Kho Kho World Cup {{!}} Other Sports News |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/othersports/india-womens-captain-priyanka-ingle-gears-up-for-kho-kho-world-cup-7462836 |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=NDTVSports.com |language=en}}</ref> The Indian team were placed in Group A and defeated [[Nepal men's national kho kho team|Nepal]], [[Brazil]], [[Peru]] and [[Bhutan]] in the group stages. In the quarterfinals, India defeated [[Sri Lanka men's national kho kho team|Sri Lanka]] and beat [[South Africa men's national kho kho team|South Africa]] 62-42 in the semifinals.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Feel blessed": India's Gowtham MK after reaching Kho Kho World Cup 2025 final |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/others/feel-blessed-indias-gowtham-mk-after-reaching-kho-kho-world-cup-2025-final20250119134404/ |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Feel Blessed': India's Gowtham MK & Sachin Bhargo Expressed There Feelings After Reaching Kho Kho World Cup 2025 Final |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/sports/feel-blessed-indias-gowtham-mk-sachin-bhargo-expressed-there-feelings-after-reaching-kho-kho-world-cup-2025-final |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramji Kashyap, V Subramani star as India crushes Sri Lanka to reach Kho Kho WC 2025 semi-finals |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/others/ramji-kashyap-v-subramani-star-as-india-crushes-sri-lanka-to-reach-kho-kho-wc-2025-semi-finals20250117223226/ |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref> In the finals, India defeated Nepal 54-36 to lift their maiden World Cup.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2025-01-20 |title=Kho Kho World Cup: Indian men's team crowned champion |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/kho-kho-world-cup-indian-mens-team-crowned-champion/articleshow/117382218.cms |access-date=2025-03-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

He represented Maharashtra in various Senior National Kho Kho Championships and won a gold and a silver medal. In 2024, he was part of the Gujarat Giants team that won the second season of the Ultimate Kho Kho league and then played for Maharashtra team that won the 56th Senior National Kho Kho Championship.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-04 |title=Suyash Gargate wins Eklavya Award in the 56th Senior National Kho Kho Championship |url=https://www.gujaratgiants.com/ultimate-kho-kho/news/suyash-gargate-wins-eklavya-award-in-the-56th-senior-national-kho-kho-championship |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=Gujarat Giants |language=en}}</ref> He played for India in the test series against Nepal and [[England men's national kho kho team|England]]. He also played for [[Airports Authority of India]].<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gargate, Suyash}}
[[Category:1997 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kho kho players]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:People from Pune]]

Philip Campose

2025-12-25T19:21:40Z

Doonedu: Content improved for clarity and flow

{{Short description|Lieutenant General, Indian Army}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]]
| name = Philip Campose
| honorific_suffix = [[Param Vishist Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[Ati Vishist Seva Medal|AVSM]]**, [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]]
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Lt. Gen. Philip Campose.jpg
| image_size = 220px
| alt =
| caption = Official Photograph
| birth_date = 
| death_date = 
| birth_place =
| death_place =
| placeofburial =
| placeofburial_label =
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| nickname =
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| allegiance = {{flag|India}}
| branch = {{army|India}}
| serviceyears = 1974 – 31 July 2015
| rank = [[File:Lieutenant General of the Indian Army.svg|22px]] [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]]
| servicenumber = IC-30702N
| unit = [[Mechanised Infantry Regiment]] [[9 Gorkha Rifles]]
| commands = [[Western Command (India)|Western Command]]<ref name="Lieutenant General Philip Campose Takes Over as Army Commander Western Command PIB">{{cite web|title=Lieutenant General Philip Campose Takes Over as Army Commander Western Command|url=http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=96930|website=Press Information Bureau|publisher=Government of India: Ministry of Defence|accessdate=23 May 2016|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111757/http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=96930|archivedate=4 March 2016}}</ref> [[XII Corps (India)|XII Corps]]
| battles =
| battles_label =
| awards = [[File:Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]] [[File:Ati Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Ati Vishist Seva Medal]] [[File:Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Vishisht Seva Medal]]
| alma_mater = [[St. Xavier's School, Delhi]] [[Indian Military Academy|IMA]]
| spouse = 
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}}
[[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]] '''Philip Campose''', [[Param Vishist Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[Ati Vishist Seva Medal|AVSM]] [[Medal bar|& Bar]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]] was the [[Vice Chief of Army Staff (India)|Vice Chief of Army Staff]] of the [[Indian Army]] and assumed office on 1 August 2014 succeeding General [[Dalbir Singh]]. He retired on 31 July 2015 and was succeeded by Lieutenant General [[Man Mohan Singh Rai]].<ref name="VCOAS retires Indian Express">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/vice-chief-of-army-retires/|title=Vice Chief of Army Lt Gen Philip Campose retires|website=The Indian Express|date=August 2015 |accessdate=23 May 2016|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808170028/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/vice-chief-of-army-retires/|archivedate=8 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="PIB VCOAS Retires">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=124041|title=Lt Gen Philip Campose, Vice Chief of the Army Staff Superannuates on 31 Jul 15|website=Press Information Bureau|publisher=Ministry of Defence, Government of India|accessdate=23 May 2016|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611180512/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=124041|archivedate=11 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="NDTV VCOAS retires">{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/army-vice-chief-lt-gen-philip-campose-retires-1202673|title=Army Vice Chief Lt Gen Philip Campose Retires|website=NDTV|publisher=Press Trust of India|accessdate=23 May 2016|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624032358/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/army-vice-chief-lt-gen-philip-campose-retires-1202673|archivedate=24 June 2016}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Campose is an alumnus of [[St. Xavier's School, Delhi]]; [[National Defence Academy]], Pune and [[Indian Military Academy]], [[Dehradun]]. He also completed various command courses from [[Defence Services Staff College]], Wellington; [[National Defence College (India)|National Defence College]], New Delhi; the Higher Command Course at [[Army War College, Mhow]] and a tactical course in Russia. He holds a master's degree in philosophy in Defence Management and Security Studies and in Strategic Studies from [[Indore University|Indore]] and [[Madras University|Madras Universities]] respectively.<ref name="Lieutenant General Philip Campose Takes Over as Army Commander Western Command PIB" />

==Career==
Campose was commissioned into [[9 Gorkha Rifles]] in 1974 and was later transferred to the [[Mechanised Infantry Regiment]] in 1982. He has vast operational and command experience including commander of a mechanized infantry battalion; commander of an infantry division near the [[Line of Control]] in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]; Brigade Major of an Armoured Brigade; Colonel of General Staff of a counter insurgency division in [[Northeast India|north-east India]]; Deputy Director General of Strategy at the Directorate of Perspective Planning; Chief Staff Officer (Land Vector) at the headquarters of [[Strategic Forces Command]] and Commander of [[XII Corps (India)|XII Corps]] (Jodhpur). He has also served as an instructor at National Defence Academy, Defence Services Staff College and at the tactical wing of [[Military academies in India#Indian Army|Armoured Corps Centre and School (ACCS)]]. He was deputed to [[United Nations]] peace keeping missions in former [[Yugoslavia]] and northern [[Iraq]].<ref name="Lieutenant General Philip Campose Takes Over as Army Commander Western Command PIB" /> In 2013, on being promoted to the rank to Army Commander, he was appointed as the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the [[Western Command (India)|Western Command]], prior to his appointment as the Vice Chief of the Army Staff (VCOAS) of Indian Army. He succeeded Lieutenant General [[Dalbir Singh]] as the Vice Chief of Army Staff, who was promoted to the rank of full general and appointed as the [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff]]. He was also the colonel commandant of the Mechanised Infantry Regiment.<ref name="Lieutenant General Philip Campose Takes Over as Army Commander Western Command PIB" /><ref name="PIB VCOAS Retires" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lt-gen-campose-takes-charge-as-western-command-army-commander/|title=Lt Gen Campose takes charge as Western Command Army Commander|date=2013-07-03|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2017-10-23|language=en-US|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023181814/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lt-gen-campose-takes-charge-as-western-command-army-commander/|archivedate=2017-10-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Lt-Gen-Campose-takes-over-as-new-army-commander-western-command/articleshow/20860143.cms|title=Lt Gen Campose takes over as new army commander, western command - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-10-23|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714100829/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Lt-Gen-Campose-takes-over-as-new-army-commander-western-command/articleshow/20860143.cms|archivedate=2014-07-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Lt-Gen-Campose-is-new-GOC-of-12-Corps/articleshow/8739612.cms|title=Lt-Gen Campose is new GOC of 12 Corps - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-10-23|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203141615/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Lt-Gen-Campose-is-new-GOC-of-12-Corps/articleshow/8739612.cms|archivedate=2017-02-03}}</ref>

During his career of more than four decades, he was awarded the Param Vishist Seva Medal (January 2015), [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]** (January 2014 and January 2013) and [[Vishisht Seva Medal]] (January 2011) for his distinguished service to the country.<ref name="PIB VCOAS Retires" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=117559|title=Press Information Bureau|access-date=2017-10-23|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023181815/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=117559|archivedate=2017-10-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=69354|title=Press Information Bureau|access-date=2017-10-23|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605134230/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=69354|archivedate=2011-06-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=91831|title=Press Information Bureau|access-date=2017-10-23|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131112300/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=91831|archivedate=2013-01-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=102732|title=Press Information Bureau|access-date=2017-10-23|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008132514/http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=102732|archivedate=2015-10-08}}</ref>

==Awards and decorations==
{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|[[File:Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:Ati Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:India General Service Medal 1947.svg|105px]]
|-
|[[File:IND Samanya Seva medal.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND Special Service Medal Ribbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND Operation Vijay medal.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND Sainya Seva Medal Ribbon.svg|105px]]
|-
|[[File:IND High Altitude Medal Ribbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND Videsh Seva Medal Ribbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND 50th Anniversary Independence medal.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND 30 Years Long Service Ribbon.svg|105px]]
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND 20YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND 9YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=UNSSM.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=ONZ Medal w Służbie Pokoju UNPROFOR BAR.svg|width=106}}
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|-
| [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]
| [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]] (bar)
| [[Vishisht Seva Medal]]
| [[General Service Medal 1947|General Service Medal]]
|-
|[[Samanya Seva Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|Special Service Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|Operation Vijay]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|Sainya Seva Medal]]
|-
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|High Altitude Service Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|Videsh Seva Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|50th Anniversary of Independence Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Long service awards|30 Years Long Service Medal]]
|-
|[[Indian military decorations#Long service awards|20 Years Long Service Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Long service awards|9 Years Long Service Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Long service awards|United Nations Special Service Medal]]
|[[UNPROFOR]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{Succession box
| title = [[Vice Chief of Army Staff (India)|Vice Chief of Army Staff]]
| years = 1 August 2014 – 31 July 2015
| before = [[Dalbir Singh]]
| after = [[Man Mohan Singh Rai]]
}}{{Succession box
| title = [[General officer commanding#Usage in the Indian Army|General Officer Commanding-in-Chief]] [[Western Command (India)|Western Command]]
| years = 1 July 2013 -
| before = [[Sanjiv Chachra]]
| after = [[Kamal Jit Singh]]
}}{{Succession box
| title = [[General Officer Commanding]] [[XII Corps (India)|XII Corps]]
| years = 3 July 2011 -
| before = Narendra Singh
| after =
}}
{{s-end
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Campose, Philip}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Kerala]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian military personnel]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian military personnel]]
[[Category:Indian Christians]]
[[Category:Vice chiefs of Army Staff (India)]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:National Defence College, India alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Army War College, Mhow alumni]]
[[Category:Defence Services Staff College alumni]]

Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary

2025-11-29T05:46:25Z

Doonedu:

{{Short description|Nature park in the Indian state of Sikkim}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2015}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary
| map = India Sikkim#India
| map_width =
| relief = 1
| mapframe = Yes
| label =
| iucn_category = IV
| mapframe-zoom = 11
| location = [[North Sikkim]], [[Sikkim]]
| nearest_city = [[Lachung]]
| coordinates = {{coord|27|50|28|N|88|44|21|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| area_ha = 43
| area_ref = <ref name=MEF>{{cite web|title=Yumthang-Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary|url=http://sikkimforest.gov.in/docs/IBA/sk11.pdf|publisher=[[Ministry of Environment and Forests]], [[Government of India]]|access-date=10 August 2015}}</ref>
| established = 1984<ref name=MEF />
| visitation_num = NA
| visitation_year = NA
| governing_body = [[Ministry of Environment and Forests]], [[Government of India]]
}}

'''Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary''' is a nature park in the [[Indian state]] of [[Sikkim]]. It has forty species of [[rhododendron]] trees. It is located in the [[Yumthang Valley of Flowers]] north of [[Lachung]] in [[North Sikkim]] district. Bird species found in the park include [[Wood snipe]] and [[Hoary-throated barwing]].<ref name="O'Neill_2019">{{cite journal |last1=O'Neill |first1=A. R.| date=2019 |title=Evaluating high-altitude Ramsar wetlands in the Sikkim Eastern Himalayas |journal=Global Ecology and Conservation |volume=20 |issue=e00715 |pages=19 |doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00715 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The sanctuary is part of the [[Sacred Himalayan Landscape]]. <ref>{{cite book |author1=Gurung, C. P. |author2=Maskey, T. M. |author3=Poudel, N. |author4=Lama, Y. |author5=Wagley, M. P. |author6=Manandhar, A. |author7=Khaling, S. |author8=Thapa, G. |author9=Thapa, S. |author10=Wikramanayake, E. D. |year=2006 |chapter=The Sacred Himalayan Landscape: Conceptualizing, Visioning, and Planning for Conservation of Biodiversity, Culture and Livelihoods in the Eastern Himalaya |pages=10–20 |title=Conservation Biology in Asia |editor1=McNeely, J. A. |editor2= McCarthy, T. M. |editor3=Smith, A. |editor4=Whittaker, O. L. |editor5=Wikramanayake, E. D. |publisher=Nepal Society for Conservation Biology, Asia Section and Resources Himalaya Foundation |location=Kathmandu |isbn=99946-996-9-5 |chapter-url=https://conbio.org/images/content_groups/Asia/Chapter%201_Gurung_Himalayan%20Landscape.pdf}}</ref><ref name="O'Neill_al2017">{{cite journal |last1=O'Neill |first1=A. R. |last2=Badola |first2=H.K. |last3=Dhyani |first3=P. P. |last4=Rana |first4=S. K. |date=2017 |title=Integrating ethnobiological knowledge into biodiversity conservation in the Eastern Himalayas |journal=Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=21 |doi=10.1186/s13002-017-0148-9 |pmid=28356115 |pmc=5372287 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Protected areas of Sikkim]]
[[Category:Mangan district]]
[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Sikkim]]
[[Category:1984 establishments in Sikkim]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1984]]

{{Sikkim-geo-stub}}

Dibrugarh Municipal Corporation

2025-11-28T06:37:55Z

Doonedu:

{{Short description|Local civic body in Assam, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox legislature
| background_color =
| name = Dibrugarh Municipal Corporation
| transcription_name =
| legislature =
|coa_pic=
|coa_caption=
| logo_pic =
| logo_res =
| logo_alt =
| house_type = Municipal Corporation
| body =
| houses =
| leader1_type = Mayor
| leader1 = Dr. Saikat Patra
| party1 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<ref name="DMC"<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-08 |title=Dibrugarh civic body attains municipal corporation status |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/dibrugarh-municipal-board-achieves-municipal-corporation-status/articleshow/108313809.cms |access-date=2024-03-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
| leader2_type =
| leader2 =
| election1 =
| leader3_type = Commissioner
| leader3 = Jay Vikas , [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] 2021

| foundation = {{start date and age|1873}}

| leader4_type = Leader of Opposition
| structure1 = India Assam Dibrugarh Municipal Board 2022.svg
| structure1_res =250px
| seats = 22
| political_groups1 =
'''Government (21)''' [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] (21)
*{{Color box|{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (21)
'''Opposition (1)'''
*{{Color box|{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1)
| meeting_place = [[Dibrugarh]], [[Assam]]
| website = {{URL|https://dmcdibrugarh.in/}}
| footnotes =
| last_election1 = April 2022
| next_election1 = 2027
}}
'''Dibrugarh Municipal Corporation''' ('''DMC''') is the local government in [[Dibrugarh]], [[Assam]], India. It was formed in the year 2024 by upgrading Dibrugarh Municipal Board under The Assam Municipal Corporation (Amendment) Act. Dibrugarh Municipal Board was one of the oldest municipalities in North East [[India]], established in 1873. The city since then has become an important nerve center of political, administrative, cultural and commercial activities of a vast region comprising entire eastern [[Assam]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]] and [[Nagaland]]. It was proposed to be upgraded as Municipal Corporation in October 2021. On 16 September 2022 Assam Legislative Assembly passed The Assam Municipal Corporation (Amendment) Bill. With this, Silchar & Dibrugarh Municipal Boards have been selected to upgrade into Municipal Corporations. On 7 March 2024 it was formally upgraded as Municipal Corporation followed by Oath taking ceremony on 21 June 2024 thus becoming second city of Assam to have municipal corporation <ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-07 |title=Dibrugarh Becomes Second City Of Assam After Municipal Board Upgraded To Corporation|url=https://m.guwahatiplus.com/article/dibrugarh-becomes-second-city-of-assam-after-municipal-board-upgraded-to-corporation/31373
|access-date=2024-03-17|work=Guwahati Plus |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Dibrugarh Municipal Corporation is divided into 22 municipal wards and Dr. Saikat Patra of [[BJP]] is the first mayor of DMC.<ref name="DMC"<ref/>

==History==

The British arrived in Assam in 1826 as per Yandaboo Accord and since then they selected [[Dibrugarh]] as a centre of Administration as well as business purpose in [[Upper Assam Division|Upper Assam]]. In 1842 Dibrugarh was announced as the headquarters of [[Lakhimpur district|Lakhimpur District]]. The court was also shifted to Dibrugarh in the same year from Lakhimpur.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://dibrugarhjudiciary.gov.in/history.htm | title=Welcome Dibrugarh District Judiciary | access-date=21 October 2013 | archive-date=7 September 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907235907/http://dibrugarhjudiciary.gov.in/history.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref>

== List of Mayors & Deputy Mayors ==
=== [[Mayors in India|Mayors]] ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Mayor
!Ward No.
!Party
|-
|[[2022 Assam municipal elections|2022]]
|[[Dr. Saikat Patra]]
|'''14.'''
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|}

=== [[Deputy mayor]] ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Deputy Mayor
!Ward No.
!Party
|-
|[[2022 Assam municipal elections|2022]]
|[[Ujjal Phukan]]
|'''11.'''
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|}

== List of Corporation Councilors ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="5" |[[2022 Assam municipal elections|2022 Dibrugarh Municipal Corporation Elections]]
|-
!Ward No.
!Councillor
!Party
!Votes
!Margin
|-
|'''1.'''
|Gautam Dutta
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|
|
|-
|'''2.'''
|Darshan Das
|
|
|
|-
|'''3.'''
|
|
|
|
|-
|'''4.'''
|Pranab Kalita
|
|
|
|-
|'''5.'''
|Dibyajyoti Hazarika
|
|
|
|-
|'''6.'''
|Hemlata Saikia
|
|
|
|-
|'''7.'''
|Binuma Das
|
|
|
|-
|'''8.'''
|Ratan Paul
|
|
|
|-
|'''9.'''
|Sraban Kumar Das
|
|
|
|-
|'''10.'''
|Suman Nahar Hussain Ahmed
|
|
|
|-
|'''11.'''
|Ujjal Phukan(Dy.Mayor)
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|
|
|-
|'''12.'''
|Pompi Roy Choudhury
|
|
|
|-
|'''13.'''
|Topa Dey
|
|
|
|-
|'''14.'''
|Dr. Saikat Patra(Mayor)
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|
|
|-
|'''15.'''
|Sikha Choudhury
|
|
|
|-
|'''16.'''
|Mamun Gogoi Mitra
|
|
|
|-
|'''17.'''
|Nirupa Dutta
|
|
|
|-
|'''18.'''
|Simanta Baruah
|
|
|
|-
|'''19.'''
|Moonmoon Das
|
|
|
|-
|'''20.'''
|Dipali Dey
|
|
|
|-
|'''21.'''
|Bratish Kanti Das
|
|
|
|-
|'''22.'''
|Sima Das
|
|
|
|}

==Geography==

Dibrugarh is located along 27' 28' N latitude and 94' 35' E longitude. The present municipal area of Dibrugarh is 15.5 km2 and is divided into 22 wards<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dibrugarhmunicipality.org.in/ |title=Dibrugarh Municipal Board |access-date=2 January 2016 |archive-date=11 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611150105/http://dibrugarhmunicipality.org.in/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> of now dissolved Dibrugarh Municipal Board. Planning going on to expand the city area in phased manner by incorporating the outgrowths, census town and villages of East and West Revenue Circles.

Proposed Dibrugarh Master Plan area consist of:

a. Present Dibrugarh Municipal Corporation Area = 15.5 sq. km.

b. Two outgrowths (Tekelachiring and Mohpuwalimora)

c Two Census town (AMC area and Niz Mankotta) = 8.53 sq.km.

d. 13 Semi urbanised villages of Dibrugarh East and West Revenue Circle = 23.42 sq.km.

e. 53 villages of Dibrugarh East Revenue Circle

f. 115 villages of Dibrugarh West Revenue Circle

g. 2 villages of Moran Revenue Circle

h. 1 Reserve Forest (Jokai) = 343.56 sq.km.

Total Area = 391 sq.km.

Note: Municipal area to be extended up to 47.45 sq.km at first from existing 15.5 sq.km. covering the

area as shown above from (a) to (d)<ref>[https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2021/10/12/new-master-plan-for-dibrugarh-under-amrut-scheme-unveiled/#google_vignette New master plan for Dibrugarh under AMRUT scheme unveiled]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Dibrugarh]]
[[Category:Municipal corporations in Assam]]

{{Assam-stub}}

G. Koduru

2025-11-23T05:12:27Z

Doonedu: Starting the pg needs work - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{refimprove|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = G.Koduru
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = తెలుగు
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline = Kodutu main pic.jpg
| image_alt = pic of Samaikyandhra fight
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| coordinates = {{coord|17.585|82.737|type:city_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Anakapalli district]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for t t =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 23
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Lok Sabha|Parliamentary constituency]]
| blank_info_sec2 =
| blank1_name_sec2 = Assembly constituency
| blank1_info_sec2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 08932
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}
'''G. Koduru''' is a village in [[Anakapalli district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]].

== Geography ==
Makaravarapalem Mandalam, Koduru, Makavarapalem, Visakhapatnam District. The distance to the monument's center is 7 km. It is situated 20 kilometers from Narsipatnam and 41 kilometers from Anakapalli.

==Demographics==
According to the 2011 Indian Census, the village has a population of 1904 with an area of 1,6497 inhabitants covering 1649 hectares. The number of males in the village was 3249 and the number of women was 3348. The number of Scheduled Castes was 706 while the number of Scheduled Tribes was 78. Village Census Area Code 586319. Pin Code: 531113.

No. of House Holds: 721
Total Population: 2159
Total Male Population: 1064
Total Female Population: 1095

== Education ==
The basic elementary schools in the village are five, private primary schools four, the government primary schools and one secondary government school. The nearest child is [[Makavarapalem]]. The nearest junior college, Government Arts / Science Degree College, Makavarapalem, and Engineering College Thamram. The nearest medical college and management college are in Visakhapatnam and in polytechnic nursing house. The nearest vocational training is in the school nursery and the university education center is located in Anakapalli and the rehabilitation special school [[Visakhapatnam]].

== Medical facilities ==

=== Public health facilities ===
One of the primary health centers at Kodur is a doctor and two paramedical crib. There are no doctors at a primary health center. One has a paramedical staff.

Veterinary Hospital, 5 to 10 km from the village of Navaratna Are away. The nearest social health center, Mata Infant care center, T. 10 km from the B hospital Are far more than that. Alopati Hospital, Alternate Drug Hospital, Dispensary, Family Welfare Center, 10 km from the village Are far more than that.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

<ref name=civicbody>{{cite web|title=Municipalities, Municipal Corporations & UDAs|url=http://dtcp.ap.gov.in:9090/webdtcp/Municipalities%20List-110.pdf|website=Directorate of Town and Country Planning|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|accessdate=29 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128175528/http://dtcp.ap.gov.in:9090/webdtcp/Municipalities%20List-110.pdf|archivedate=28 January 2016|format=PDF}}</ref>

{{Anakapalli district}}

[[Category:Villages in Anakapalli district]]

Daund

2025-11-17T05:21:57Z

Doonedu: updated

{{More citations needed|date=May 2013}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Daund
| nickname =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|18|27|47|N|74|34|44|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Pune district|Pune]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for = Dhaumya Rishi
| government_type =
| governing_body = Municipality
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 514
| population_total = 590025
| population_as_of = 2018
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 413801 and 413802
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = [[Telephone numbers in India|02117]]
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#MH—Maharashtra|MH]] 12,42
| website = {{URL|www.punediary.com/html/Daund.html}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Daund''' is a city, [[municipal council]], and headquarters of the Daund [[tehsil]] in the [[Pune district]] in the state of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. The city of Daund is located on the [[Bhima River]].

In ancient times, a sage named Dhaumya Rishi stayed here; hence, people started calling it after him: "Dhaum". Gradually "Dhaum" became "Dhoand", then "Dhaundh". According to the epic ''[[Mahabharata]]'', Krishna's wife [[Rukmini]] went in the "Dhindir forest"; this ancient "Dhindir Van" is today's Daund.{{Citation needed|date=April 2008}}

==History==
===Daund Royals ===

===Maratha era===
[[Shahaji]], father of [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj]], was a [[sardar]] in the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Nizam Shahi]]. He was granted Daund as a [[jagir]], which included [[Bahadur Fort|Bahadurgad]], a fort in [[Pedgaon, Ahmednagar|Pedgaon]] on the banks of the Bhima River (which still exists today).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sardesai |first=Govind Sakharam |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.56777/page/n2/mode/1up |title=New History Of The Marathas Vol.1 |date=1946}}</ref>

===Peshwa era===
In 1739, the [[Bajirao I|Bajirao]]–[[Mastani]] affair had brought clashes among the Peshwa family, hence Bajirao Peshwa took Mastani away from Pune and made her stay in Patas. Henceforth, Bajirao and Mastani met at the Firangai Devi temple in Kurkumbh.

The horse business in Daund flourished during this time.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} The water of the rivers Bhima, Nira, Pravara, Ghod, and Godavari were believed to be best suited for horses, and that the horses raised drinking these waters would be strong, quick, and loyal. The area of [[Bhimthadi horse|Bhimthadi]], which is close to Daund, was known for its good horse breeds, and people preferred buying ponies from there exclusively.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

Due to heavy loans at the end of the Peshwa Era, Daund and some villages from Pune fell under control of 'Girgosavi'.{{Clarify|date=January 2023|reason=What is "Girgosavi"? Is it a nearby city that controlled the area? Is it a person or company?}}

===British rule===
In the 1850s, with the construction of railways during British rule, the Bombay–Chennai [[broad-gauge]] track passed via Daund, and the Daund–Baramati [[metre-gauge]] track was constructed. Daund became a junction after the broad-gauge Daund–Manmad connection was established. In 1928, Daund was connected to Srigonda when the bridge over Bhima River was constructed. A receiver station of the [[Imperial Wireless Chain]] was installed three kilometers outside the town.

From 1942 to 1945, two military camps were set up in Daund.

==Geography and climate==
[[File:Daund Bridge.jpg|thumb|right|Bhima river and bridge near Daund]]

Daund is located at {{Coord|18.47|N|74.6|E|}}, about {{convert|514|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level on the western margin of the [[Deccan Plateau]]. The town and surrounding area have mostly flat terrain, with hills rising {{convert|600|m|abbr=on}} to the south near Kurkumbh. Daund is located on the southern bank of [[Bhima River]], a major river in Maharashtra. The [[Ujani Dam|Ujani reservoir]] on the river is around {{convert|25|km|abbr=on}} southeast of the town.

Daund lies very close to the seismically active zone around [[Koyna Dam]], about {{convert|130|km|abbr=on}} southeast of the town, and has been rated as [[Earthquake hazard zoning of India#Zone 3|Zone 3]] (on a scale of 2 to 5, with 5 being the most prone to earthquakes) by the [[India Meteorological Department]].

The climate of Daund is generally hot and dry, and the area receives scant rainfall.

==Economy==
{{Unreferenced section|date=May 2022}}
Primary crops include wheat, sugar cane, oranges, and sweet limes. Daund has a large working class population, and the primary occupation is farming. [[MIDC|Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation]] is a major employer. Daund is currently being developed as a hub for pharmaceutical industries, and currently has facilities of companies such as [[Cipla]], [[Emcure Pharmaceuticals]], and Dia Ichi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASCC |date=2018-03-03 |title=KURKUMBH INDUSTRIAL AREA (PUNE) |url=https://www.ascconline.com/blog/kurkumbh-industrial-area-pune/ |access-date=2025-02-04 |website=ASCC BLOG |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Transportation==

===Roads===
[[National Highway 160]] passes through Daund, and National Highway 65 is just {{convert|9|km|abbr=on}} north of town. It is also on the [[Sinnar|Sinner]]–[[Shirdi]]–[[A.Nagar]]–Daund–[[Phaltan]]–[[Vita, Maharashtra|Vita]]–[[Miraj]]–[[Chikodi]] route.

Daund–Ausa [[SH 67]] also passes through Daund city. MSRTC buses are available to [[Pune]], [[Mumbai]], [[Aurangabad]], [[Ahmednagar]], [[Sangli]], [[Miraj]], [[Shirdi]], [[Tuljapur]], [[Satara (city)|Satara]], [[Beed]], [[Jamkhed]], and [[Karjat]].

===Rail===
[[File:Daund.jpg|thumb|right|Daund Junction railway station]]
Daund is served by rail by the {{rws|Daund Junction}} and the {{rws|Daund Chord Line}}, which are managed by the [[Pune railway division]] of the [[Central Railway (India)|Central Railway]]. {{rws|Daund Junction}} lies on the [[Mumbai–Chennai line]], Daund–Manmad line, and the Daund–Baramati branch line. {{rws|Daund Chord Line}} lies on a short line which connects Mumbai–Chennai line and Daund–Manmad line.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Azhar |title=Daund Railway Station Map/Atlas CR/Central Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/daund-junction-dd/148 |access-date=2025-02-04 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>

Daund is a major freight redistribution hub.

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} [[2011 Census of India|India Census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=590410|title=Census of India 2011: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2015-06-03|publisher=Census Commission of India|archive-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729184019/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=590410|url-status=live}}</ref> Daund had a population of 49,450 of which 25,117 were males and 24,333 were females. There were 5,721 children below 6 years old. Daund had an average literacy rate of 77.34%, higher than the national average of 74.04%. Male literacy was 80.44% and female literacy was 74.13%.

The town has a significant population working as employees of [[Indian Railways]] and the [[State Reserve Police Force]] (SRPF).

==Religious sites==
{{Unreferenced section|date=May 2022}}
Since more than 82% of the city's population are Hindus, there are a significant number of temples in the town. Important Hindu temples in Daund include Shree Vitthal Rukmini Temple (प्रति पंढरपूर), Shree Balaji temple, Shree Gajanan Maharaj Temple, and Shree Swami Samarth Temple. The Gram Daivat of Daund is Shree Bhairavnath Maharaj Temple. Shree Firangai Mata temple, located 10 km from Daund at [[Kurkumbh]], is the first of the 51 [[Shakti Pitha]]s. Devotees from all over Maharashtra, [[Madhya Pradesh]], and [[Karnataka]] visit the temple. [[Ram Navami|Rama Navami]] is a large religious event, in which a sculpture of Lord Rama is carried throughout the town on a [[palanquin]].

The town has a [[Digambara|Jain Digambara]] temple known as the "1008 Chandraprabhu Bhagwan Mandir", which is known for its architecture and lack of iron in construction. The temple is built of marble and has a marble [[manastambha]]. It is located on Ahmednagar Road.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Pune district topics}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Pune district]]

Draupadi (1931 film)

2025-11-12T20:09:07Z

Doonedu: fixed layout for consistency and fixed typos

{{short description|1931 film}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Draupadi
| image =

| caption = Song synopsis booklet cover
| director = Bhagwati Prasad Mishra
| producer = [[Ardeshir Irani]]
| writer = Bhagwati Prasad Mishra
| based_on = [[Vyasa]]'s ''[[Mahabharata]]''
| narrator =
| starring = [[Sudhabala]] [[Prithviraj Kapoor]] [[Khalil (actor)|Khalil]] Jagdish Sethi
| music =
| cinematography = Adi Irani
| editing =
| distributor =
| studio = Imperial Film Company
| released = {{Film date|1931}}
| runtime = 124 minutes
| country = [[British Raj|British India]]
| language = [[Hindi]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Draupadi''''' (The Daughter Of King Drupad) is a [[List of Bollywood films of 1931|1931]] [[sound film]] from Indian cinema. The film was a big-budget mythological production from [[Ardeshir Irani]]'s Imperial Film Company following their release of the first talkie in India, ''[[Alam Ara]]'' (1931).<ref name=Indiancinema>{{cite web |title=Draupadi (1931) |url=https://indiancine.ma/AQO/info |website=indiancine.ma |accessdate=17 July 2015}}</ref> It was directed by Bhagwati Prasad Mishra, who had made a name for himself as a photographer and painter and had worked with Irani in his Star, Majestic, Royal and Imperial Studios.<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014">{{cite book |author1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |author2=Paul Willemen |author3=Professor of Critical Studies Paul Willemen |title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLkABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA247 |accessdate=17 July 2015 |date=10 July 2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-94318-9 |pages=247– |chapter=Mishra, Bhagwati Prasad}}</ref> The story adaptation from [[Vyasa]]'s ''[[Mahabharata]]'' and the screenplay, were by Mishra. The star cast included [[Prithviraj Kapoor]] who played the role of [[Karna]],<ref name="Lal2004">{{cite book |author=Ananda Lal |title=The Oxford Companion to Indian Theatre |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DftkAAAAMAAJ |accessdate=17 July 2015 |year=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-564446-3 |page=195}}</ref> with [[Sudhabala]] as [[Draupadi]], and [[Khalil (actor)|Khalil]] as [[Krishna]].<ref name=Indiancinema /> The rest of cast included Hadi, Elizer, Rustom Irani and Jilloobai. The cinematographer was Adi Irani.<ref name=citwf>{{cite web |title=Draupadi 1931 |url=http://www.citwf.com/film94563.htm |website=citwf.com |publisher=Alan Goble |accessdate=17 July 2015}}</ref>

The film was based on an episode from the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' showcasing [[Duryodhan]]'s plans of usurping [[Hastinapur]] and his subsequent attempt at shaming the [[Pandava]]s by disrobing [[Draupadi]]'s sari.

==Plot==
[[Duryodhana]] (Jagdish Sethi) plots to attain [[Hastinapur]] for himself and his hundred [[Kaurava]] brothers. The five [[Pandavas: The Five Warriors|Pandavas]] brothers are sent to exile during which time [[Arjuna]] ([[Prithviraj Kapoor]] wins Draupadi ([[Sudhabala]]) at her [[swayamvara]]. According to his mother's unintentional suggestion, the five brothers share Draupadi as their wife. On their return from banishment, the Pandavas establish themselves at [[Indraprastha]]. The Rajasuya Yagna takes place and a [[Mahabharata#The dice game|game of dice]] follows. The Kauravas cunning uncle [[Shakuni]] (Hadi) helps them win the game, wherein the Pandavas first lose their Kingdom, and then as a last wager by the oldest brother [[Yudhishtra]], even Draupadi. When Duryodhan, with the intention of shaming the Pandavas tries to remove Draupadi's sari, it is Lord Krishna who saves her from humiliation by performing the miracle of a never-ending sari.

==Cast==
* [[Sudhabala]] as Draupadi
*[[Khalil (actor)|Khalil]] as Lord Krishna
*Prithviraj Kapoor as Karna
* [[Jilloo Maa|Jilloobai]] as Kunti
* [[Jagdish Sethi|Jagdish]] as Duryodhana
* Hadi as Shakuna Mama
* Elizer as Yudhishtra
* Rostam Irani as Bhim
* Nayampally

==Draupadi in Indian Cinema==
The use of [[Hindu mythology]] in context to women, was a common feature in most films produced in the early part of the twentieth century. According to author Prem Chowdhry, Draupadi was referenced in films about eleven times between 1916 and 1944.<ref name="Chowdhry2000">{{cite book |author=Prem Chowdhry |title=Colonial India and the Making of Empire Cinema: Image, Ideology and Identity |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1UNph7mAT2YC&pg=PA143 |accessdate=17 July 2015 |year=2000 |publisher=Manchester University Press |isbn=978-0-7190-5792-2 |pages=143– |chapter=Gunga Din}}</ref>

===Silent films===
Lists:<ref name=List>{{cite web |title=Draupadi |url=http://www.citwf.com/listFilms.asp?filmName=draupadi&sortOn=YEAR&sortBy=UP&TOPDOC=0 |website=citwf.com |publisher=Alan Goble |accessdate=17 July 2015}}</ref><ref name=Guy>{{cite news |last1=Guy |first1=Randor |title=Draupadi Vastrapaharanam (1934) |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/article2288563.ece |accessdate=17 July 2015 |agency=The Hindu |work=The Hindu |date=24 July 2011 |ref=Cinema Plus}}</ref>
*Keechaka Vadham a.k.a. Draupadi Vastrapaharanam (1916) directed by R. Nataraja Mudaliar
*''Draupadi Vastraharan'' (1920)
*''Sairandhari'' (1920) directed by [[Baburao Painter]]
*''Draupadi Swayamwar'' (1922) directed by Vishnupant Divekar
*''Draupadi Veni Bandhan'' a.k.a. ''Veni Bandhan'' (1922) directed by Vishnupant Divekar
*''Draupadi's Fate'' a.k.a. ''Draupadi Bhagya'' (1924) directed by Raghupathy Prakash.
*''Draupadi Vastraharan'' (1927) directed by [[Dadasaheb Phalke]]
*''Draupadi Vastraharan'' (1928) directed by P. Y. Altekar
*''Keechak Vadh'' (1928) directed by [[Baburao Painter]]

===Talkies===
Lists:<ref name=List /><ref name=Guy />
*''Draupadi'' (1931) directed by Bhagwati Prasad Mishra
*''[[Sairandhri (1933 film)|Sairandhari]]'' (1933) directed by [[V. Shantaram]] for [[Prabhat Film Company]]
*''[[Draupadi Vastrapaharanam (1934 film)|Draupadi Vastrapaharanam]]'' (1934) a [[Tamil-language]] film directed by [[R. Padmanaban]].
*''[[Draupadi Vastrapaharanam (1936 film)|Draupadi Vastrapaharanam]]'' (1936) a [[Telugu-language]] film directed by Hanumappa Vishwanath Babu
*''Draupadi Manasamrakshnam'' (1936) a [[Telugu-language]] film, directed by S. Jagganath
*''Draupadi'' (1944) directed by [[Baburao Patel]]
*''Draupadi Vastraharan'' (1952) directed by W. Garcher

==Soundtrack==

===Song list===
The songs were sung by the actors in the film.
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! # !! Title !!Singer
|-
| 1
| "Anokhi Jaadu Bhari Mri Kaisi Hai Paase Ki Chaal"
| Hadi
|-
| 2
| "Bhagat Ke Bas Mein Hai Bhagwan"
| Khalil
|-
| 3
| "Bhaj Krishan Kanhaiya Paar Kare Meri Naiya"
|
|-
| 4
| "Do Din Ka Mehmaan Arre Kyun Murkh Mann Bhatkave"
| Jilloobai
|-
| 5
| "Gaavein Manaavein Aanad Hum Mil Kar Saari"
| Chorus
|-
| 6
| "Jis Main Apni Nazar Se Dekhoon"
| Ermeline
|-
| 7
| "Kanhaiya Aao Re Dhaao Re"
| Ermeline
|-
| 8
| "Laaj Rakhe Dinanath Jagat Mein"
| Ermeline
|-
| 9
| "Main Toh Shakuni Kumar Hoon Matlab Ka Yaar Hoon"
| Hadi
|-
| 10
| "Mujh Mein Kaisi Badi Karamaat Hai"
|
|-
| 11
| "Nayanwa Khol Maharaj Atal Rahe Tero Raj"
| Hadi
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id =0241387|}}

{{Works based on the Mahabharata}}

[[Category:1931 films]]
[[Category:1930s Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films based on the Mahabharata]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:1931 drama films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]

Kanakerha inscription

2025-11-11T20:31:18Z

Doonedu: Done

{{Coord|30.5180|77.8482|display=title}}
{{Infobox artifact
|image = Sanchi inscription of Svami Jivadaman Year 13.jpg
|name = Kanakerha inscription
|image_caption = The Kanakerha inscription.
|material = Rock
|size =
|writing = [[Sanskrit]] in the [[Brahmi script]]
|created = 279 CE or 319 CE
|period = [[Western Satraps]]
|place =
|discovered = [[Sanchi]]
|discovered_coords =
|location = [[Sanchi Museum]]
| map =
{{Location map
| India
| float = center
| relief = yes
| label = Sanchi
| lat_deg = 23.53
| lon_deg = 77.82
}}
|id =
|registration =
}}
The '''Kanakerha inscription''', also spelled '''Kanakherha inscription''', is an inscription found on the side of the hill of [[Sanchi]], dating to the 3rd or 4th century CE.

The region of [[Sanchi]]-[[Vidisha]] was captured from the [[Satavahanas]] by the [[Western Satraps]] during the rule of [[Rudrasena II (Western Satrap)|Rudrasena II]] (255-278 CE), as shown by finds of his coinage in the area.<ref name="Shaw 58" /> The Western Satraps are then known to have remained in the area well into the 4th century, as shown by the Kanakherha inscription,<ref name="Marshall">Marshall, The Monuments of Sanchi [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.532798 p. 392] (Public Domain text)</ref> on the hill of [[Sanchi]].

The inscription mentions the construction of a well by the [[Western Satraps|Saka]] ([[Gupta script]]: [[File:Gupta_allahabad_sh.svg|15px]][[File:Gupta_allahabad_k.svg|15px]], ''Śaka'') chief and "righteous conqueror" (''dharmaviyagi mahadandanayaka'') [[Sridharavarman]] ([[Gupta script]]: [[File:Gupta allahabad shrii.jpg|12px]][[File:Gupta allahabad dh.svg|12px]][[File:Gupta allahabad r.svg|12px]][[File:Gupta allahabad v.svg|12px]][[File:Gupta allahabad rmm.jpg|17px]][[File:Gupta allahabad n.svg|12px]], ''Sridharavarmmana'').<ref name="Shaw 58">Buddhist Landscapes in Central India: Sanchi Hill and Archaeologies of Religious and Social Change, c. Third Century BC to Fifth Century AD, Julia Shaw, Routledge, 2016 [https://books.google.com/books?id=IUbUDAAAQBAJ&pg=PR58 pp. 58–59]</ref> Another inscription of the same Sridhavarman with his Naga military commander is known from [[Eran]].<ref name="Shaw 58"/> At Eran, it seems that his inscription is succeeded by a monument and an inscription by [[Gupta Empire]] [[Samudragupta]] (r.336-380 CE), established "for the sake of augmenting his fame", who may therefore have ousted Sridharavarman in his campaigns to the West.<ref>"During the course of this expedition he is believed to have attacked and defeated the Saka Chief Shridhar Varman, ruling over Eran-Vidisha region. He then annexed the area and erected a monument at Eran (modern Sagar District) "for the sake cf augmenting his fame"." in {{cite book |last1=Pradesh (India) |first1=Madhya |last2=Krishnan |first2=V. S. |title=Madhya Pradesh: District Gazetteers |date=1982 |publisher=Government Central Press |page=28 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7CYLAQAAIAAJ |language=en}}</ref>

The inscription is in 6 lines, and bears a date of year 241 of the [[Saka era]], the date of the record thus corresponding to 319 CE.<ref name="Marshall"/> Salomon gives an earlier date of 279 CE. It is written in mostly standard [[Sanskrit]].<ref name=RS>{{cite book |last1=Salomon |first1=Richard |title=Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the Other Indo-Aryan Languages |date=1998 |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |isbn=9780195099843 |pages=90 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t-4RDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA90 |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Rudrasimha II coin.jpg|thumb|left|[[Rudrasimha II]] ruled the [[Western Satraps]] at the time of the Kanakerha inscription.]]
The object of the inscription is to record the excavation of a well by the Mahadandanayaka [[Saka]] Sridharavarmman, son of [[Saka]] Nanda. It refers itself to the 13th regnal year of Sridharavarmman, which shows that although styled as the general, he was enjoying the powers and privileges of an independent ruler. Evidently he belongs to one of those [[Western Satraps]] families that settled in Western India in the early centuries of the [[Christian era]]. He calls himself a dharma-vijayi, i.e. "the righteous conqueror" in line 2, and in line 3 there is reference to dharm-asi, i.e. "the sword of righteousness". In all likelihood Sridharavarmman originally served under some royal family, and later, throwing off the yoke, assumed the position of an independent ruler.<ref name="Marshall"/>

The inscription is currently in the [[Sanchi Museum]], where it has the number A98.<ref>Sanchi Museum Catalogue [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924023945110 p. 33]</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto;" align="center" colspan="2" cellpadding="3" style="font-size: 100%; width: 100%;"
|-
|state = collapsed align=center colspan=2 style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"|'''Original Sanskrit and English translation of the Kanakerha inscription'''
|-
|
{{quote|
{{ubl|1 Siddham Bhagavatas-tr[i]dasa-gana-senapater-ajita-senasya svami-Mahasena-maha[tejah-prasadat?] viryy-[ar]jj[i]ta-[vija]..........|
2 dharmma-vijayina Śaka-Nanda-putrena Maha-danda-nayakena Śakena Sridharavarmmana var[shsha]-[saha]sraya sva-rajy-abhivriddhikare vejayike sarhvatsare trayodasa[me]|
3 Sravana-bahulasya dasami-purvvakam-etad-divasarh kalyan-abhyudaya-vriddhy-artham-akshaya-svargg-avapti-hetor-ddharmma-yaso-rttharh dharmmasi-sarhbuddhayasraddha^ ....|
4 sasvata-candr-aditya-kaliko-yam .......... i .... ma pi kayo ... h prasanna-salilah sarvv-adhigamyah sada|
5 satvana[m] priya-darsano jalanidhir-ddharmm-amalah sasvatah ....... my ........... pracya ...........|
6 [ku]pah Sridharavarmmana gunavata khanapito-yam subhah Sa[m] [200] 40 I}}
|[[Sanskrit]] text of the Kanakerha inscription.<ref name="Marshall"/>}}
|-
|{{quote|
{{ubl|LI. 1-3. Success ! (Given) by the general, the Saka Sridharavarmman, son of the Saka Nanda, the righteous conqueror whose victory was won by his prowess .... (through the mighty power graciously bestowed on him by the god who is the commander of the heavenly forces and whose army is ever victorious, the lord [[ Murugan|Mahasena]], in the thirteenth year of victory marked by the prosperity of his kingdom, on the tenth day of the dark half of Sravana, (to remain in force) for one thousand years.|
LI. 3-4. On this day, this (well was excavated) to last eternally, as long as the sun and the moon endure, for the increase of welfare and prosperity, and attainment of eternal (residence in) heaven, and for the sake of piety and fame, being actuated by a benevolent desire(?) awakened by the sword of righteousness.|
LI. 4-6. This auspicious well contains clear water and is always accessible to everybody, having an appearance pleasing to living beings. It is a perennial store-house of water, and is as pure as [[Dharma]]. It has been caused to be excavated by the meritorious Sridharavarmman. The (year) 241.}}
|English translation of the Kanakerha inscription.<ref name="Marshall"/>}}
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Western Satraps]]
[[Category:Sanskrit inscriptions in India]]
[[Category:3rd-century inscriptions]]
[[Category:Archaeological discoveries in India]]

Purkhu

2025-11-02T02:53:29Z

Doonedu: started first details w/ infobox

{{Short description|Pahari artist}}

{{Infobox artist
| name = Purkhu
| image = Detail of a presumed self-portrait of Purkhu of Kangra, from 'Maharaja Sansar Chand of Kangra Enjoys Paintings with His Courtiers' by Purkhu of Kangra, ca.1785–90.jpg
| style = [[Pahari painting|Pahari]] (specifically [[Kangra painting|Kangra]]) and [[Sikh art|Sikh]]
| children =
| honorific_prefix =
| honorific_suffix =
| caption = Presumed self-portrait of Purkhu from a larger work
| birth_date =
| death_date =
| patrons = Sansar Chand of Kangra State Ranjit Singh of Lahore State
}}

'''Purkhu''' ([[Floruit|fl.]] 1780–1820<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Maharaja Sansar Chand of Kangra Enjoys Paintings with His Courtiers |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/76039 |access-date=20 October 2024 |website=The Metropolitan Museum of Art}}</ref>), also spelt as '''Purkhoo''' or '''Parkhu''', and also known as '''Purkhu of Kangra''', was a [[Pahari painting|Pahari]] painter who specialized in the [[Kangra painting|Kangra]]-style.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Guy |first=John |title=Wonder of the Age: Master Painters of India, 1100-1900 |last2=Britschgi |first2=Jorrit |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |year=2011 |isbn=9781588394309 |pages=176–177 |chapter=Purkhu of Kangra}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Chaitanya |first=Krishna |title=A History of Indian Painting |publisher=Abhinav Publications |year=1976 |isbn=9788170173106 |volume=2 |pages=1–7 |chapter=1: A Twilit Landscape}}</ref> He painted both courtly and religious themes.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

== Biography and works ==
[[File:Detail of several figures from a painting of Maharaja Sansar Chand's court, with one of the figures identified by an inscription as depicting the artist Purkhu.jpg|thumb|Detail of several figures from a painting of Maharaja Sansar Chand's court, with one of the figures identified by an inscription as depicting the artist Purkhu.]]
Purkhu was the son of Dhummun.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pal |first=Pratapaditya |title=Aspects of Indian Art: Papers Presented in a Symposium at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, October, 1970 |publisher=Brill Archive |year=1972 |isbn=9789004036253 |edition=illustrated |pages=133}}</ref> Purkhu was likely the head ''chitrera'' (artist) of a courtly [[atelier]] based out of [[Kangra State]] during the reign of [[Sansar Chand]] (r. 1775–1823).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> In his works, he documented both the public and private lives of his patron.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

Purkhu also produced a series of religious art works based upon the ''[[Harivaṃśa|Harivamsa]]'', ''[[Shiva Purana]]'', ''[[Ramayana]]'', ''[[Gita Govinda]]'', and ''Kedara Kalpa''.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

Purkhu's disciple was [[Basharat Ullah]].<ref name=":1" />

== Style ==
When comparing the works of earlier Pahari artists belonging to the first generation after [[Nainsukh]] and [[Manaku of Guler|Manaku]], which are characterized as "dreamlike" and "lyrical", Purkhu's on the other hand are "journalistic".<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> In Purkhu's works, individual facial features depicted do not seem individual, however closer examination reveals subtle differences.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> The landscapes in his paintings have been described as "more mannered" when compared to the earlier Pahari artists.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

== Legacy ==
Some of Purkhu's paintings were exhibited at the Lahore Exhibition of 1864, where they were praised for their "remarkable clearness of tone and delicacy of handling" and got a special mention in the Jury's Report on Fine Art items.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Aijazuddin |first=F. S. |title=Pahari Paintings and Sikh Portraits in the Lahore Museum |publisher=Sotheby Parke Bernet |year=1977 |isbn=9780856670299 |pages=xix–xx |chapter=Introduction}}</ref>

== Gallery ==

=== Kangra ===
<gallery>
File:Detail of 'Maharaja Sansar Chand of Kangra Enjoys Paintings with His Courtiers' by Purkhu of Kangra, ca.1785–90.jpg|Detail of 'Maharaja Sansar Chand of Kangra Enjoys Paintings with His Courtiers' by Purkhu of Kangra, ca.1785–90
File:Ancestor painting of Mian Gopal of Guler seated whilst leaning against a bolster by Purkhu, ca.1825.jpg|Ancestor painting of Mian Gopal of Guler seated whilst leaning against a bolster by Purkhu, ca.1825
File:Folio 48 from the Kangra Rasikapriya, school of Purkhu, Kangra, c 1810.jpg|Folio 48 from the Kangra Rasikapriya, school of Purkhu, Kangra, c 1810
File:Krishna Approaches Indra for Help, workshop of Purkhu, Honolulu Museum of Art.jpg|Krishna Approaches Indra for Help, workshop of Purkhu, Honolulu Museum of Art
File:Illustration to a Mahabharata series, In the manner of Purkhu, Kangra, circa 1815-20.jpg|Illustration to a Mahabharata series, In the manner of Purkhu, Kangra, circa 1815-20
File:Indra consulting with his Preceptor in the Assembly of the Gods.jpg|Indra consulting with his Preceptor in the Assembly of the Gods
File:Maharaja Sansar Chand receives some visitors (6124527703).jpg|Maharaja Sansar Chand receives some visitors
File:Radha and Krishna watching a storm.jpg|Radha and Krishna watching a storm, c 1810-20
</gallery>

=== Sikh ===
<gallery>
File:Miniature painting of Gurbaksh Singh Kanhaiya with a fly-whisk attendant. Family atelier of Purkhu of Kangra, ca.1785.jpg|Miniature painting of Gurbaksh Singh Kanhaiya with a fly-whisk attendant. Family atelier of Purkhu of Kangra, ca.1785
File:Guru Gobind Singh with the Sahibzadas.jpg|Guru Gobind Singh with the Sahibzadas
File:'Assembly of Sikhs and Sansar Chand of Kangra', attributed to Purkhu of Kangra, ca.1780.jpg|Ramgarhia and Sukarchakia Misls hold a diplomatic meeting
File:Sardar Jassa Singh Ramgarhia in conversation with Jodh Singh and Bir Singh.jpg|Sardar Jassa Singh Ramgarhia in conversation with Jodh Singh and Bir Singh
File:Portrait of Guru Arjan Dev, the Fifth Guru.jpg|Portrait of Guru Arjan Dev, the Fifth Guru
File:Painting of Jai Singh Kanhaiya receiving Raja Raj Singh and other hill princes with canopy overhead, ca.1774.jpg|Painting of Jai Singh Kanhaiya receiving Raja Raj Singh and other hill princes with canopy overhead, ca.1774
</gallery>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:18th-century Indian painters]]

Sirat-un-Nabi

2025-10-31T10:28:48Z

Doonedu: Done

{{Short description|Book by Shibli Nomani and Sulaiman Nadvi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox book
| name = Sirat-un-Nabi
| image = Cover of Sirat al-Nabi.jpg
| caption = 1923 urdu cover
| author = [[Shibli Nomani]], [[Sulaiman Nadvi]]
| title_orig = سیرت النبی‎‎
| orig_lang_code = ur
| language = Urdu
| subject = [[Sīrah]]
| genre = Classical
| english_pub_date =
| published = 1918–1955
| media_type = Print
| isbn =
| isbn_note =
| oclc = 10695489
| dewey = 297.09
}}
'''''Sirat-un-Nabi''''' ({{langx|ur|سیرت النبی‎‎}}) is a seven-volume Urdu biography of the [[Muhammad|Prophet Muhammad]] written by [[Shibli Nomani]] and completed by his student [[Sulaiman Nadvi]]. Considered Nomani's final and most important work,<ref>{{TDV Encyclopedia of Islam|title=ŞİBLÎ NU‘MÂNÎ|first=Anis|last=Ahmad|url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/sibli-numani}}</ref> it presents the Prophet's life from a philosophical and analytical perspective, which led to some criticism from traditional scholars.<ref name=":0">{{Cite thesis |last=Mahmud |first=Minhaj Uddin |title=Contribution of Allama Shibli Nu'mani to Urdu Literature |type=PhD |publisher=[[University of Dhaka]] |url=http://repository.library.du.ac.bd:8080/bitstream/handle/123456789/886/Minhaj%20Uddin.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |language=bn |page=90 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531151106/http://repository.library.du.ac.bd:8080/bitstream/handle/123456789/886/Minhaj%20Uddin.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |archive-date=31 May 2023 |year=2016 |location=Bangladesh |url-status=dead}}</ref> Nomani began the project in 1903 and formally established an office in Lucknow in 1912 to complete it, with Nadvi assisting by collecting material from Arabic sources. Nomani finished only two volumes before his death in 1914, after which Nadvi published those and wrote the remaining five volumes in his teacher's style.<ref name=":0" />

== First two volumes ==
The first two volumes of ''Sirat-un-Nabi'' were written by Shibli. The first volume, released in August 1918, contains 622 pages and focuses on the Prophet Muhammad's life from his birth up to twenty years before his prophethood.{{Sfn|Baharul Islam|2017|p=114–115}} The second volume, published in 1920 with necessary revisions by Nadvi, consists of 439 pages and covers the final three years of the Prophet's life. It discusses major events such as the establishment of Islamic governance, the spread of Islam in Arabia, the completion of Islamic law, the Farewell Pilgrimage, the Prophet's death, his personal characteristics, daily practices, moral conduct, and family life.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Baharul Islam |first=Mohammad |url=http://repository.library.du.ac.bd:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/888/Baharul.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |title=Syed Sulaiman Nadvi’s Contribution to Urdu Literature |date=2017 |publisher=Department of Urdu, [[University of Dhaka]] |pages=115–116 |language=bn}}</ref>

== Last five volumes ==
After the death of Shibli, Sulaiman Nadvi completed the remaining five volumes of ''Sirat-un-Nabi'', giving the work its final form.

The third volume (1924, 868 pages) deals with the miracles of the Prophet Muhammad and the evidences of his prophethood. It explains the difference between miracles and magic, using references from the Qur’an, authentic hadiths, and classical scholars. Nadvi concludes that the Qur’an is the Prophet's greatest and everlasting miracle.{{Sfn|Baharul Islam|2017|p=117–119}}

The fourth volume (1932, 888 pages) discusses the nature and significance of prophethood, including its necessity, characteristics, revelation, and divine knowledge. It also examines core Islamic beliefs such as faith in God, angels, prophets, holy books, the afterlife, and divine decree.{{Sfn|Baharul Islam|2017|p=119–120}}

The fifth volume (1935, 255 pages) focuses on Islamic worship, describing the purpose and types of worship, including prayer, fasting, zakat, pilgrimage, and [[jihad]]. It also highlights moral and spiritual virtues such as sincerity, piety, and patience.{{Sfn|Baharul Islam|2017|p=121–122}}

The sixth volume (1938, 872 pages) covers Islamic ethics and moral conduct. It presents the Prophet Muhammad as the model of character and discusses good and bad morals, personal duties, and social behavior.{{Sfn|Baharul Islam|2017|p=122–124}}

The seventh volume (1955, published after Nadvi's death) remained unfinished. It was intended to discuss Islamic law, governance, and social principles under the section Mu‘amalat (social and legal dealings). The published part includes an introduction and five chapters on Islamic political principles, governance during the Prophet's time, and the concept of divine authority.{{Sfn|Baharul Islam|2017|p=124–127}}

== Studies ==
<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Memon |first=Abdul Waheed |last2=Bukhari |first2=Syed Attaullah |last3=Abdi |first3=Ali Raza |date=2025 |title=Misconceptions and Misrepresentations: A Scholarly Response to Orientalist Criticism of the Seerah |url=https://assajournal.com/index.php/36/article/view/296 |journal=Advance Social Science Archive Journal |language=en |volume=3 |issue=02 |pages=27–37 |issn=3006-2500}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Aboobacker |first=M.C |title=Urdu Mein Sawaneh Nigari Hali Aur Shibli Ke Khusoosi Hawale Se |type=PhD |publisher=Department of Urdu, [[Sri Venkateswara University]] |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/106639 |language=ur |pages=290–306 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250225143125/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/106639 |archive-date=25 February 2025 |url-status=live |year=2014 |location=India |hdl=10603/106639}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Ahrari |first=Mohd Jafar |title=The renaissance of Urdu literature and Shibli |type=PhD |publisher=School of Language Literature and Culture Studies, [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]] |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/16762 |language=ur |pages=169–172 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250919231544/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/16762 |archive-date=19 September 2025 |year=1999 |location=India |url-status=live |hdl=10603/16762}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://egyankosh.ac.in//handle/123456789/79256 |title=Urdu Non-fiction |publisher=[[Indira Gandhi National Open University]] |year=2021 |editor-last=Hafiz |editor-first=Abdul |volume=1 |location=India |pages=276 |language=ur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223162829/https://www.egyankosh.ac.in/handle/123456789/79256 |archive-date=23 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Aziz |first=Shahid |title=Comparative Study of Biographical Writings of Muhammad Hussain Haikal and Shibli Noumani |type=PhD |publisher=School of Islamic Studies, [[Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University]] |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/294809 |language=ar |page=179–192 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250411210133/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/294809 |archive-date=11 April 2025 |year=2016 |location=India |hdl=10603/294809 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Fatima |first=Shaheen |title=Talamiza E Shibli Ki Ilmi Khidmaat |type=PhD |publisher=Department of Urdu, [[Jamia Millia Islamia]] |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/376255 |language=ur |page=61–85 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125115337/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/376255 |archive-date=25 November 2024 |year=2021 |location=India |hdl=10603/376255 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Hai |first=Ammar Abdul |title=Unneeswin wa beeswin sadi ke Hindustan mein Muslim Mufakkirin ka Tasawwur-e- Talim |type=PhD |publisher=Department of Urdu, [[Jamia Millia Islamia]] |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/313157 |language=ur |page=165 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250226034413/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/313157 |archive-date=26 February 2025 |year=2017 |location=India |hdl=10603/313157 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Haq |first=Sirajul |title=Maqalat e Shibli ka adbi aur tanqeedi jaiza |type=PhD |publisher=Department of Urdu, [[Delhi University]] |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/439484 |language=ur |page=134–138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250920114558/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/439484 |archive-date=20 September 2025 |year=2021 |location=India |hdl=10603/439484 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Haq |first=Taqwim ul |title=Shibli Na'umani ki Seerat al-Nabi (Jild Awal aur Dauam) ka Usloobi Mutala |access-date=2023-10-24 |type=PhD |publisher=Department of Urdu, [[University of Peshawar]] |url=https://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/19599 |language=ur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250619153606/https://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/19599 |archive-date=19 June 2025 |year=2011 |location=Pakistan |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=İmancı |first=Sena |title=The Perception of Prophet Muhammad in the Nineteenth Century Sirah Writing: Sample of Ahmad Cawdat Pasha and Mawlana Shibli |type=MA |publisher=[[Necmettin Erbakan University]] |url=https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=MwggpLBfbfBjDectCo0iqQ&no=ofI6Y8Qu0DjV07w_u_XCLg |language=tr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250920120806/https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=MwggpLBfbfBjDectCo0iqQ&no=ofI6Y8Qu0DjV07w_u_XCLg |archive-date=20 September 2025 |year=2019 |location=Turkey |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Khatoon |first=Shaista |title=Allama Shibli ka kirdar Muslim khawatin ki talimi wa samaji taraqqi men |type=PhD |publisher=Department of Urdu, [[Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University]] |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/128335 |language=ur |page=59–61 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250224183802/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/128335 |archive-date=24 February 2025 |year=2013 |location=India |hdl=10603/128335 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Mahmud |first=Minhaj Uddin |title=Contribution of Allama Shibli Nu'mani to Urdu Literature |type=PhD |publisher=[[University of Dhaka]] |url=http://repository.library.du.ac.bd:8080/bitstream/handle/123456789/886/Minhaj%20Uddin.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |language=bn |page=47–51, 68–113 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531151106/http://repository.library.du.ac.bd:8080/bitstream/handle/123456789/886/Minhaj%20Uddin.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |archive-date=31 May 2023 |year=2016 |location=Bangladesh |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Malik |first=Javeed Ahmad |title=Urdu Sirah Writing in India A Study of Allamah Shibli Numani and Maulana Idris Kandhalwi |type=PhD |publisher=Department of Islamic Studies, [[Islamic University of Science & Technology]] |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/633416 |language=ur |page=103–135, 174–271 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250920211914/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/633416 |archive-date=20 September 2025 |year=2024 |location=India |hdl=10603/633416 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Akhtar |first=Md Jamil |title=Maulana Shibli Noamani As A Biographer And Historian |type=PhD |publisher=University Department of Urdu, [[Lalit Narayan Mithila University]] |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/496281 |language=ur |page=212–224 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250921220545/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/496281 |archive-date=21 September 2025 |year=1988 |location=India |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Akhtar |first=Md Jamil |title=Maulana Shibli Noamani As A Biographer And Historian |type=PhD |publisher=University Department of Urdu, [[Lalit Narayan Mithila University]] |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/496281 |language=ur |page=237–238 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250921220545/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/496281 |archive-date=21 September 2025 |year=1988 |location=India |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Zafar |first=Talat |title=Shibli nomani bahaisiyat Sawaneh Nagar |type=PhD |publisher=Department of Urdu, [[Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University]] |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/201138 |language=ur |page=346–391 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241221091359/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/201138 |archive-date=21 December 2024 |year=2017 |location=India |hdl=10603/201138 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Nasir |first=Md |title=Allama Shibli Nomani Ki Nasri Khidmat |type=PhD |publisher=Department of Urdu, [[Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University]] |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/648649 |language=ur |page=165–167 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250923000459/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/648649 |archive-date=23 September 2025 |year=1986 |location=India |hdl=10603/648649 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Jahan |first=Nayyar |title=Shibli Bahaisiyat Sawaneh Nigar Ek Tankeedi Mutalea |type=PhD |publisher=Department of Urdu, [[Jamia Millia Islamia]] |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/387883 |language=ur |page=219–252 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250923182907/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/387883 |archive-date=23 September 2025 |year=1994 |location=India |hdl=10603/387883 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Parveen |first=Naghma |title=Seerat Nigari mein Darul Hosannafeen Azamgarh ki Kidmat Ek Tehqiqi Jaiyza |degree=PhD |publisher=Department of Sunni Theology, [[Aligarh Muslim University]] |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/127224 |language=ur |pages=176–206 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508184632/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/127224 |archive-date=8 May 2019 |year=2016 |location=India |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Roquiya |first=Zainab |title=Darul Musannefin Ki Adbi Tasaneef Ka Tahqiqi Wa Tanqidi Jaiza |degree=PhD |publisher=Department of Urdu, [[Aligarh Muslim University]] |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/63563 |language=ur |pages=62–63 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161214005710/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/63563 |archive-date=14 December 2016 |year=2014 |location=India |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nomani |first=Khursheed |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/dar-ul-musannifin-ki-tareekh-aur-ilmi-khidmat-part-001-khursheed-nomani-ebooks |title=Dar-ul-musannifin Ki Tareekh Aur Ilmi Khidmat |publisher=Darul Musannefin Shibli Academy |year=2003 |volume=1 |location=India |pages=137–195 |language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Al-Azami |first=Mohammad Ilyas |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/darul-musannefeen-ki-tarikhi-khidmat-mohammad-ilyas-al-azami-ebooks |title=Darul Musannefeen Ki Tarikhi Khidmat |publisher=Khuda Bakhsh Library |year=2002 |location=Patna |pages=136–167, 189–195, 254 |language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nomani |first=Khursheed |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/darul-musannefin-azamgarh-ki-adbi-khidmat-khursheed-nomani-ebooks |title=Darul Musannefin Azamgarh Ki Adbi Khidmat |publisher=[[University of Mumbai]]; Maharashtra Urdu Academy |year=1977 |location=India |pages=271–273 |language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Amir |first=Yousuf |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/jadeed-urdu-nasr-ke-me-mar-hali-shibli-aur-mohammad-husain-azad-ebooks |title=Jadeed Urdu Nasr Ke Me’mar: Hali, Shibli Aur Mohammad Husain Azad |publisher=Ghalib Institute |year=2016 |isbn=81-8172-072-5 |editor-last=Kidwai |editor-first=Sadiq-ur-Rahman |location=India |pages=299–319 |language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nadvi |first=Sulaiman |author-link=Sulaiman Nadvi |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/hayat-e-shibli-syed-sulaiman-nadvi-ebooks-1 |title=Hayat-e-shibli |publisher=Matba Maarif |year=1943 |location=India |pages=699–718 |language=ur |oclc=37282205}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Siddiqi |first=Zafar Ahmad |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/shibli-hindustani-adab-ke-memar-zafar-ahmad-siddiqi-ebooks-1 |title=Shibli: Hindustani Adab Ke Memar |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |year=1988 |location=India |pages=55 |language=ur |oclc=18816366}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohammad Ikram |first=Shaikh |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/yadgar-e-shibli-shaikh-mohammad-ikram-ebooks-1 |title=Yadgar-e-Shibli |publisher=Idara-e-Saqafat-e-Islamia |year=1994 |location=Lahore |pages=421–439 |language=ur |oclc=19912650}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Siddiqui |first=Yasin Mazhar |author-link=Yasin Mazhar Siddiqui |date=2014 |title=Talif Seerat al-Nabi: Pas manzar o paishkash |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/saheefa-shibli-number-shumara-number-218-219-magazines |journal=Saheefa |publisher=Majlis Taraqqi Adab |issue=218–219 |pages=236–276}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ikram |first=Sheikh Muhammad |author-link=Yasin Mazhar Siddiqui |date=2014 |title=Seerat al-Nabi |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/saheefa-shibli-number-shumara-number-218-219-magazines |journal=Saheefa |publisher=Majlis Taraqqi Adab |issue=218–219 |pages=276–290}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Arif Umari |first=Muhammad |date=1996 |editor-last=Anjum |editor-first=Khaliq |title=Seerat al-Nabi |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/urdu-adab-new-delhi-shibli-number-shumara-number-001-002-003-khaliq-anjum-magazines |journal=Urdu Adab |publisher=[[Anjuman-i Taraqqi-i Urdu]] |issue=1–3 |pages=279–295}}</ref><ref name=":MAli3">{{Cite thesis |last=Ali |first=Mohsin |title=Modern Islamic Historiography: A Global Perspective from South Asia |degree=PhD |publisher=[[University of California]] |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4dw2f7k1 |language=en |pages=174–191 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621071752/https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4dw2f7k1 |archive-date=21 June 2023 |year=2022 |location=USA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhat |first=Samee Ullah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KNeJDwAAQBAJ |title=Islamic Historiography: Nature and Development |date=2019 |publisher=Educreation Publishing |isbn=978-93-88910-50-7 |location=India |pages=22–24 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ahmed |first=Muneer |date=2017 |title=A Critical Analysis of Manlana Numani's Uniquenesses (Tafarrudat) in The Light of Sirat-Al-Nabi(PBUH) |url=https://numl.edu.pk/journals/subjects/156092334603-Al-BASEERA%2012%20(Vol.6%20-%20Issue.%202)DEC-2017.pdf |journal=Al Basirah |language=ur |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=21–35 |issn=2520-7334}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ali |first=Sajjad |date=2021 |title=Sirat-un-Nabi by Shibli Numani a Critical Review |url=https://hazaraislamicus.com/index.php/home/article/view/108 |url-status=dead |journal=Hazaraislamicus |language=ur |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=99–108 |issn=2410-8065 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909202123/https://hazaraislamicus.com/index.php/home/article/view/108 |archive-date=9 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bhat |first=Samee-Ullah |date=2019 |title=The Importance Of Works Of Muhammad Shibli Nomani |url=https://journal.walisongo.ac.id/index.php/JISH/article/view/2921 |journal=Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities |language=en |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=175–176 |doi=10.21580/jish.32.2921 |issn=2527-838X |s2cid=198507796 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hussaini |first1=Fareed |last2=Suleman |first2=Shumaila |date=2024 |title=A Critical Study of Shibli Nomani's "Seerat-un-Nabi (PBUH)" |url=https://ojs.makhz.org.pk/journal/article/view/211 |journal=Makhz (Research Journal) |language=ur |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=59–72 |doi=10.47205/makhz.2024(5-II)urdu-06 |doi-broken-date=24 September 2025 |issn=2709-9644}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ghori |first=Muhammad Ali |date=2011 |title=Maulana Shibli Nomani's trends in response to suspicions of the orientalists : An Analysis |url=http://al-idah.szic.pk/index.php/al-idah/article/view/471 |journal=Al-Idah |language=ur |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=110–138 |issn=2075-0307}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hussain |first=Muhammad Mahboob |date=2021 |title=Maulana Shibli ki 'Sher al-Ajam': Tehqeeq ke Aaine mein |url=https://matan.iub.edu.pk/website/journal/article/60db92563bb94/page |journal=Matan |language=ur |volume=2 |issue=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khanum |first=Almas |date=2016 |title=Maulana Shibli Nomani ki Muhqiqana Kawishen |url=https://tahqeeqnama.gcu.edu.pk/website/journal/article/5d9f27733d6e0/page |journal=Tahqeeq Nama |language=ur |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=290–292}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Shah |first1=Mutahir |last2=Irshad |first2=Saira |last3=Bibi |first3=Brakhna |date=2021 |title=Shibli Nomani's research style in Sirat-un-Nabi (PBUH) |url=https://alduhaa.com/index.php/al-duhaa/article/view/131 |journal=Al-Duhaa |language=ur |volume=2 |issue=02 |pages=274–281 |doi=10.51665/al-duhaa.002.02.0131 |issn=2710-0812 |s2cid=246349758 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ditta |first=Allah |date=2024 |title=Effects of Orientalism on Allamah Shibli Nomānī: A Special Study of Sirat-ul-Nabi |url=https://journals.iub.edu.pk/index.php/alraqim/article/view/3464 |journal=Al Raqim |language=ur |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=38–61 |issn=3006-2233}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4864561 |title=Quraysh's Tolerance or Shibli Nomani's Distinctiveness}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Yeaqub |first=Md |title=Writings of Allama Shibli Nomani in Arabic : Edition and annotation |degree=PhD |publisher=[[Aligarh Muslim University]] |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/666571 |language=ar |year=2019 |location=India |hdl=10603/666571 |p=141–144}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[:Category:Deobandi sirah literature|Deobandi sirah literature]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.thelibrarypk.com/seerat-un-nabi-complete-shibli-nomani-pdf/ Urdu Version]
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Deobandi sirah literature]]
[[Category:Biographies of Muhammad]]
[[Category:Sunni literature]]
[[Category:Urdu-language books]]
[[Category:Indian biographies]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian books]]
[[Category:Books by Shibli Nomani]]
[[Category:Indian non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Darul Musannefin Shibli Academy books]]
[[Category:Books by Sulaiman Nadvi]]

Minoxidil/finasteride

2025-10-27T04:51:38Z

Doonedu: new the data needs work

{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc|display-authors=6}}
{{Drugbox
| drug_name =
| type = combo
| image = Minoxidil structure.svg
| image_class = skin-invert-image
| width = 150px
| alt =
| caption = [[Minoxidil]]
| image2 = Finasteride.svg
| image_class2 = skin-invert-image
| width2 = 250px
| alt2 =
| caption2 = [[Finasteride]]


| component1 = Minoxidil
| class1 = [[Potassium channel opener]]
| component2 = Finasteride
| class2 = [[5α-Reductase inhibitor]]


| tradename = MorrF; Morr F
| Drugs.com =
| MedlinePlus =
| pregnancy_AU = 
| pregnancy_category =
| routes_of_administration = [[Topical medication|Topical]]<ref name="AdisInsight" />
| class = [[Hair loss medication]]
| ATC_prefix =
| ATC_suffix =


| legal_AU = 
| legal_CA = 
| legal_UK = 
| legal_US = 
| legal_EU =
| legal_EU_comment =


| CAS_number =
| PubChem =
| DrugBank =
| synonyms = Finasteride/minoxidil
}}

'''Minoxidil/finasteride''', or '''finasteride/minoxidil''', sold under the brand name '''MorrF''' or '''Morr F''', is a [[combination drug|combination]] of the [[ATP-sensitive potassium channel|KATP]] [[potassium channel opener]] [[minoxidil]] and the [[5α-reductase inhibitor]] [[finasteride]] which is approved and used in the treatment of [[alopecia]] (hair loss) in [[India]].<ref name="AdisInsight">{{cite web | title = Jina Pharmaceuticals/Intas Pharmaceuticals | date = 2 September 2015 | website = AdisInsight | url = https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800043157 | access-date = 23 October 2025 }}</ref><ref name="Ramkar_2023">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ramkar S, Kaurav M, Sudheesh MS, Pandey RS | title = Enhanced skin penetration of Finasteride loaded DMSO-liposomes for the treatment of androgenic alopecia: comparison with conventional liposomes | journal = Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy | volume = 49 | issue = 1 | pages = 52–61 | date = January 2023 | pmid = 36803490 | doi = 10.1080/03639045.2023.2182122 }}</ref><ref name="van_Hoogevest_2021">{{cite journal | vauthors = van Hoogevest P, Tiemessen H, Metselaar JM, Drescher S, Fahr A | title = The Use of Phospholipids to Make Pharmaceutical Form Line Extensions | journal = European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology | volume = 123 | issue = 4 | date = 2021 | article-number = 2000297 | doi = 10.1002/ejlt.202000297 | issn = 1438-7697 | url = https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ejlt.202000297 | access-date = 23 October 2025 | url-access = subscription }}</ref> It is used [[topical medication|topically]].<ref name="AdisInsight" /> The drug was developed by Intas Pharmaceuticals and Jina Pharmaceuticals and was introduced in 2015.<ref name="AdisInsight" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Other dermatological preparations}}
{{Androgens and antiandrogens}}
{{Ion channel modulators}}

[[Category:5α-Reductase inhibitors]]
[[Category:Combination drugs]]
[[Category:Potassium channel openers]]

{{Dermatologic-drug-stub}}

Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Miscellaneous Works

2025-10-07T04:44:45Z

Doonedu: added a pg - done

{{Short description|Discontinued Malayalam literary award}}
{{moresources|date=August 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
The '''Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Miscellaneous Works''' was an award given every year by the [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] (Kerala Literary Academy) to [[Malayalam]] writers for writing miscellaneous works of literary merit. It was one of the [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award#Awards| categories]] of the [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]].{{hsp}}<ref>[http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/ksa/Awards/Mal_Awards.htm "Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426134403/http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/ksa/Awards/Mal_Awards.htm |date=26 April 2013 }} (in Malayalam). [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]]. Retrieved 28 April 2014.</ref><ref>[http://kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3065&Itemid=2379 "Literary Awards"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618062155/http://kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3065&Itemid=2379 |date=2012-06-18 }}. [[Government of Kerala]]. Retrieved 28 April 2014.</ref> The award was established in 1969 and was discontinued from the year 1991, since many new categories were added in 1992.

==Awardees==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Book !! Writer !! Image
|-
| 1969 || ''Rashtrapithavu'' || [[K. P. Kesava Menon]] || [[File:K._P._Kesava_Menon_(1937).jpg|80px]]
|-
| 1970 || ''Athmakatha'' || [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]] || [[File:E. M. S. Namboodiripad.jpg|80px]]
|-
| 1971 || ''Kanneerum Kinavum'' || [[V. T. Bhattathiripad]] || [[File:Vt-bhattathiri.jpg|80px]]
|-
| 1972 || ''Kaliyugam'' || [[Ponjikkara Rafi]], [[Sabeena Rafi]] ||
|-
| 1973 || ''Marakkatha Kathakal'' || S. K. Nair ||
|-
| 1974 || ''Vela Manassilirikkatte'' || [[Veloor Krishnankutty]] ||
|-
| 1975 || ''Jivitappata'' || [[Cherukad]] || [[File:Cherukad.jpg|80px]]
|-
| 1976 || ''[[Natyakalpadrumam]]'' || [[Mani Madhava Chakyar]] || [[File:Mani Madhava Chakyar.jpg|80px]]
|-
|1977 || ''Keralathinte Samskarika Charithram'' || [[P. K. Gopalakrishnan]] ||
|-
| 1978 || ''Ente Balyakalasmaranakal'' || [[C. Achutha Menon]] || [[File:C Achutha Menon 2013 stamp of India.jpg|80px]]
|-
| 1979 || ''Kesariyude Katha'' || K. P. Sankara Menon ||
|-
| 1980 || ''Sahasra Purnima'' || C. K. Revathi Amma ||
|-
| 1981 || ''Verakkooru'' || M. P. Balagopal ||
|-
| 1982 || ''Cinema: Mithyayum Sathyavum'' || [[Thottam Rajasekharan]] ||
|-
| 1983 || ''Aravinda Darsanam'' || K. Velayudhan Nair ||
|-
| 1984 || ''Velluvilikal, Prathikaranangal'' || [[N. V. Krishna Warrier]] ||
|-
| 1985 || ''Tatvamasi''|| [[Sukumar Azhikode]] || [[File:Sukumar azhikode1.JPG|80px]]
|-
| 1986 || ''Chettante Nizhalil'' || [[Leela Damodara Menon]] ||
|-
| 1987 || ''Kelappan'' || M. P. Manmadhan ||
|-
| 1988 || ''M. N.te Hasyakrithikal'' || [[M. N. Govindan Nair]] ||
|-
| 1989 || ''Ariyappedatha E. M. S.'' || Appukuttan Vallikunnu ||
|-
| 1990 || ''M. N. Roy: Satyanweshiyaya Viplavakari'' || N. Damodaran ||
|-
| 1991 || ''Pathrapravarthanam Enna Yathra'' || [[V. K. Madhavan Kutty]] ||
|}

==References==
<references />
{{Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award}}
{{Malayalam Literature |state=collapsed}}
[[Category:Awards established in 1969]]
[[Category:Awards disestablished in 1991]]
[[Category:Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards]]
[[Category:Malayalam literary awards]]
[[Category:1969 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:1991 disestablishments in India]]

Marie Louise De Meester

2025-09-29T17:55:11Z

Doonedu: new new info basic info

{{Infobox person
| name = Marie Louise De Meester
| honorific_prefix =
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| birth_date = {{birth date|1857|4|8}}
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| death_date = {{death date|1928|10|10}}
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Mother '''Marie Louise De Meester, [[canoness regular|M.C.R.S.A.]]''' (8 April 1857 – 10 October 1928), founded the Missionary Canonesses of St. Augustine in [[Mulagumudu]], then [[British India]]. They are now known as the Missionary Sisters of the "Immaculati Cordis Mariae" or [[Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary]] (I.C.M.), an international [[religious institute]] serving in the fields of social and pastoral work, technology and medicine.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stlouisschoolcenterph.net/Mother_Josee.html|work=St. Louis School Center|title=ICM Superior GeneJanuary 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130222040157/http://stlouisschoolcenterph.net/Mother_Josee.html|archivedate=2013-02-22}}</ref>

==Life==

===Early life===
De Meester was born in [[Roeselare]], Belgium. As a teenager, she studied to become a teacher and proved to be a competent and kind teacher who was admired and respected by her students. She then decided to leave the school where she taught to be able to serve the poor. On May 4, 1881, she joined the [[canoness#Canonesses Regular|Canonesses Regular]] of [[Ypres]], Belgium, at the medieval Abbey of Notre Dame de la Nouvelle Plante, to fulfill her calling.<ref name=MT>{{cite web|title=The Arrival of the ICM Missionaries|url=http://www.tagudin.gov.ph/historycicm.html|work=Municipality of Tagudin|year=2004|accessdate=6 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317193543/http://www.tagudin.gov.ph/historycicm.html|archive-date=17 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Missionary===
In the 1880s the abbey received an appeal from a [[priesthood (Catholic Church)|Catholic priest]] in the city of [[Mulagumudu]], then in the [[British Raj]], for help in administering an orphanage. De Meester felt that this was an opportunity to serve for which she had longed. With the permission of her superiors she left Belgium, accompanied only by an enthusiastic volunteer [[novice]] of the community, and set sail for India. The pair arrived there, only to find that the priest had died during their journey. Though she lacked the understanding and support of the local [[bishop (Catholic Church)|bishop]], Mother Louise and her companion took charge of the orphanage and began to care for the children it housed.<ref name=ICM>{{cite web|url=http://www.icmsisters-usa.org/mission/history-and-legacy|work=Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary|title=History and Legacy|year=2008|accessdate=6 January 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814115735/http://icmsisters-usa.org/mission/history-and-legacy|archivedate=14 August 2012}}</ref>

To find support in their work, new members of the community were recruited, including local women. To allow for the formation of a sustainable community, De Meester saw that separation from Belgium was needed, otherwise candidates would have to travel to Europe for their religious formation as members of the Order. As a result, in 1897 she established a new [[religious institute]] called the '''Missionary Canonesses of St. Augustine'''.<ref name=ICM />

===Foundress===
After establishing missions and schools in India, at the request of the [[Superior General]] of the [[Congregatio Immaculati Cordis Mariae|Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary]] (the Scheut Fathers), in 1910 [[Pope Pius X]] approved having the Missionary Canonesses work with the Belgian missionary priests in their work in the [[Philippines]]. De Meester enthusiastically set out for that nation, accompanied by three companions, Mother Marie Charles, Mother Marie Vincent, and Mother Marie Adeltrude, arriving in [[Manila]] on 10 June of that year.<ref name=MT /> From there they traveled to the town of [[Tagudin, Ilocos Sur]], arriving on 21 June, being warmly welcomed by the populace and led to their home in an abandoned [[friary]] in the town. They opened St. Augustine's School in the basement of the convent that following 4 July and began to teach, with 225 children enrolled the very first day. That enrollment rose to 300 within a month.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Founding of the Saint Augustine's School|work=Municipality of Tagudin, Ilocos Sur, Philippines|url=http://www.tagudin.gov.ph/tourismsas.html|year=2004|accessdate=6 January 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207215702/http://www.tagudin.gov.ph/tourismsas.html|archivedate=7 February 2012}}</ref> De Meester shared the chores of the small community, teaching the children and caring for the house, as well as carrying out her responsibility for the young [[Religious congregation|Congregation]].<ref name=MT />

From that small start, the Missionary Canonesses founded what became Saint Theresa's College Manila at San Marcelino in 1915, soon followed by schools and colleges around the nation, including [[Saint Theresa's College of Quezon City]], Saint Theresa's College of Baguio City, and [[Saint Theresa's College of Cebu City]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stlouisschoolcenterph.net/ICM_Centennial.html|work=St. Louis School Center|title=ICM Sisters in Baguio launch ICM Philippines centennial celebration|year=2009|accessdate=6 January 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103195935/http://stlouisschoolcenterph.net/ICM_Centennial.html|archivedate=3 January 2014}}</ref>

After the Philippines, foundations were established in China, the United States, the [[Belgian Congo]]. De Meester returned to Belgium in 1923 and in 1928 died in [[Heverlee]] (now part of the city of [[Leuven]]) at the age of 71.

==Legacy==
In 1963 the Congregation formally associated itself with the Scheut Fathers for mutual help in spiritual matters as well as in missionary activities. They then changed the name of the congregation to Missionary Sisters of the "Immaculati Cordis Mariae" (I.C.M.) or Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary.

Today the Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary serve in Belgium, Brazil, Burundi, Cameroun, the Caribbean, Congo, Guatemala, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Mongolia, the Philippines, South Africa, Taiwan and the United States.<ref name=ICM />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* [http://digitaleducation.net:8080/ICMW/who-we-are/icm-history-1 ICM history]

== External links ==
* [http://www.odis.be/lnk/en/PS_34492 Marie Louise De Meester] in [https://www.odis.eu ODIS - Online Database for Intermediary Structures] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428134547/https://www.odis.eu/ |date=2016-04-28 }}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Meester, Marie Louise De}}
[[Category:1857 births]]
[[Category:1928 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Roeselare]]
[[Category:Augustinian canonesses]]
[[Category:19th-century Belgian Roman Catholic nuns]]
[[Category:Belgian Roman Catholic missionaries]]
[[Category:Female Roman Catholic missionaries]]
[[Category:Founders of Catholic religious communities]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic missionaries in India]]
[[Category:Belgian expatriates in India]]
[[Category:20th-century Belgian Roman Catholic nuns]]

Satani (caste)

2025-08-13T13:12:58Z

Doonedu: Stub

{{Short description|Temple servant community in south India}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{infobox ethnic group|
| group = Satani
| popplace = [[South India]] [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Karnataka]],[[Maharashtra]],[[Odisha]],[[Gujarat]]
| langs = Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, Odia, Marathi, Gujarati
}}

'''Satani''' is a community that renders temple services in the states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]], [[Gujarat]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Odisha]], [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Telangana]] in India. Traditionally, they rendered a variety of services as supervisors and [[purohits]] of temples, guardians of temple properties, heralds, singers and torch-bearers at festivals, bodyguards of Jiyars, and providers of umbrellas, flower garlands, and namam clay.<ref name=":robertlester"/> They have claimed [[Brahmin]] status, although this has been contested by Brahmins as they do not wear the [[Upanayana|sacred thread]]<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Apparao|first1=Gurujada Venkata|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pC8XkT8pGtAC&q=satani+caste&pg=PA4|title=Girls for Sale: A Play from Colonial India|last2=Rao|first2=Velcheru Narayana|date=2007|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-34899-9|pages=4|language=en}}</ref><ref name="oddie95" /><ref name=":1" /> and they do not study or chant/recite [[Sanskrit]] [[Vedas]] or [[Gayatri Mantra]], but they study and recite only [[Naalayira Divya Prabandham]] written by [[Alvars]].<ref name="katherine"/> They are currently included in the [[Other Backward Class]]es (OBC) list by the central and state governments.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />

==Etymology==
The name 'Satani' may be a corruption of 'chyatani' or 'chyati' which means "acting according to prescribed rites".<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Hassan|first=Syed Siraj ul|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd-3yL9h0C&q=satani+caste&pg=PA586|title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions|date=1989|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=978-81-206-0488-9|pages=586|language=en}}</ref> Satani is also said to be the shortened form of Sattadavan/Satanivadu, meaning the uncovered man or the one who does not wear the sacred thread. They are prohibited from covering three different parts of their bodies, viz., the head with [[Sikha]], the body with the [[sacred thread]], and the waist with the customary strip of cloth.<ref name="edgar">{{cite book |last1=Thurston |first1=Edgar |title=Castes and Tribes of Southern India Volume 6 |date=1909 |publisher=Government Press}}</ref><ref name=":robertlester"/><ref name="katherine"/>

==History==
In social and religious customs, the Satani community is associated with the [[Tenkalai]] movement<ref name="oddie95">{{cite book |title=Hindu and Christian in South-East India |first=Geoffrey A. |last=Oddie |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 |orig-year=1991 |isbn=978-1-13677-377-8 |page=95 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rkhdAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA95}}</ref> and have a long history from the time of [[Ramanuja]] and Guru-lineages and literature dating, from, at least the 15th century. They follow the [[egalitarian]] anti-caste [[Alvars]]/Bhagavata [[Vaishnavism]] formalized by [[Pillai Lokacharya]] and [[Manavala Mamunigal]]. Many follow a lifestyle (diet, dress, household appointments, and marriage considerations) that are strongly similar to that of the Tenkalai [[Iyengar]]s.<ref name=":robertlester"/> Their names have the honorary suffix ''Ayyangar'',<ref>{{cite web |title=గుర్తింపునకు నోచని చాత్తాద వైష్ణవులు |url=http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/edit-21 |website=www.andhrabhoomi.net}}</ref> the title ''acharya, swamy, ''{{cn|date=July 2023}} ''alwar, alvar, iah, iyya''<ref name=":poi_kssuresh"/> and the ''ayya'' honorific. They give special honour to the servants and insignia of [[Vishnu]]; considering themselves "servants of the servants" (Dasanudasa) of the lord and revere [[Hanuman]], [[Garuda]], [[Chakra]], [[Panchajanya]] and [[Naamam]]. Above all, they honour the Alvars, especially [[Nammalvar]], and recite the Alvar's hymns for domestic rituals. Most have received their initiation ([[Samasrayana|Panca-samskara]]) from the Koil Annan Acharya lineage of Kantatai Ramauja mutt at [[Srirangam]], [[Vanamamalai Perumal temple|Vanamamalai Mutt]] at [[Nanguneri]] and Paravastu Mutt at [[Tirupati]].<ref name=":robertlester"/>

From the eleventh through the sixteenth centuries, Satanis enjoyed a supervisory status in many of the most important temples at Srirangam, [[Kanchipuram]], Tirumala-Tirupati, and Melkote.<ref name=":robertlester"/> In the sixteenth century during [[Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya]]'s time, they were attached to Kandadai Ramanuja Ayyangar, a powerful acharyapurusha whose influence extended to the different temple centers and controlled the feeding houses or Ramanujakutam at [[Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala]]. They enjoyed numerous privileges and made donations in the name of their preceptor. Nevertheless, in the later period, when the influence of Kandadai was diminished, the Satanis do not appear to have enjoyed the same status.<ref name=":ranjeetadutta">{{cite journal |last=Dutta |first=Ranjeeta |title=Reading Community Identities and Traditions: The History and Representation of the Shrivaishnavas of South India |journal=Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences |volume=18 |issue=1–2 |pages=141–68 |date=2015 |s2cid=161734042 | url=http://14.139.58.200/ojs/index.php/shss/article/view/452}}</ref>

==Origin==
Their origin is unclear. According to one of the hagiographies, their guru lineage is from [[Nammalvar]] to Ramanuja to Manavala Mamunigal to Srimat Paravastu Kantopayantru Munindra Jiyar who firmly established their order. They were [[Vadama]] Brahmins who accepted the [[Divya Prabandham]] and stood in the ancient Parama Ekanta tradition of those who have renounced all associations by giving up their [[Sikha]] and [[sacred thread]]. Ramanuja assigned Satanis to teach the [[Divya Prabandham|Tamil Vedas]] to non-Brahmins and to take care of the worship of the lord in shrines and temples. Hence, the term 'Satani' arose as a battle for temple control between vaidika and non-vaidika traditions. Other sources indicate that they are descendants of mixed origin of both Brahmins and non-Brahmins while some others indicate that they were [[shudras]] since they do not wear the sacred thread nor do they have [[Sanskrit]] [[Vedas]]. Some sources indicate them to be followers of [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]] of [[Gaudiya Sampradaya]] and his discipline [[Sanatana Goswami]].<ref name=":robertlester"/><ref name="katherine"/>

==Variations==
In the past, they were called Sattadamudhali's at Srirangam, and Sattada Ekaki at Tirupati.<ref name="burton">{{cite journal |last1=Stein |first1=Burton |title=Social Mobility and Medieval South Indian Hindu Sects |journal=Social Mobility and the Caste System in India: An Interdisciplinary Symposium |date=1968 |issue=Paris |pages=78–94 |url=https://archive.org/details/oxford0000unse_o1p8/}}</ref> In recent times, they are called Ayyawar, Chatani, Chatali, Chattada,<ref name="katherine">{{cite book |last1=Young |first1=Katherine K. |title=Turbulent Transformations: Non-Brahmin Śrīvaiṣṇavas on Religion, Caste and Politics in Tamil Nadu |date=2021 |publisher=Orient BlackSwan |isbn=978-81-949258-8-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JgVGzgEACAAJ |language=en}}</ref> Sattadavar purohitar, Vighas, Vira and Vishnu archaka in Andhra Pradesh,<ref name=":poi_kssuresh">{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Kumar Suresh |title=People of India |date=2001 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-81-85938-88-2 |page=267 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YBEwAQAAIAAJ&q=Sathatha |language=en}}</ref> Satvik Vaishnava in Karnataka, Satani Vaishnavulu in Maharashtra and Dasa-Nambi, Kovil Padagar, Kovil Thurayar, Sathata aiyyar, Satanaiah, Chattadi Sathtavar and Sattadas in Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=K. S. |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 |page=1200 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&q=sattada |ref=communitiessynonyms |language=en}}</ref> But, these names seem to have irritated them and they took pains to cast them off and preferred to be called as Prathama (First/Original) or Nambi Venkatapura Vaishnavas, latter name associating them with Tirupati and according to present day Venkatapura Sri Vaishnavas at [[Melkote]], a Brahmin community.<ref name=":robertlester">{{cite journal |last1=Lester |first1=Robert C. |title=The Sāttāda Śrīvaiṣṇavas |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |date=1994 |volume=114 |issue=1 |pages=39–53 |doi=10.2307/604951 |jstor=604951 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/604951 |issn=0003-0279|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Social status==
Satanis enjoyed greater status in temple service in the times past than they do today. In the course of time, given the weight of vaidika traditions and the slackening of [[Vijayanagara Empire]] patronage, Satanis who were never considered the equal of vaidika Brahmins lost ground. However, they protected themselves from total annihilation by becoming a caste along with all the others, albeit relatively prestigious. Privileges have been canceled or at least eroded. Srirangam Sattadas recited alongside others in the Iyal Gosti up to 1942 when the privilege was cut off by legal action. The number of temples served by them has significantly declined in recent times. Their population in Srirangam was much larger in the past as some have left to serve other temples and some have sought a livelihood outside of temple service.<ref name=":robertlester"/> Till the 16th century, Satanis had a significant share in the temple authorities, however, it was almost erased from the delineation of the past when histories were written.<ref name=":ranjeetadutta"/>

In a few major temples, Satanis receive prasada ahead of certain Brahmins. They also receive high honors on special occasions such as [[Vaikuntha Ekadashi]] at major temples.<ref name=":robertlester"/> In the [[Census of India prior to independence|1931 Census Report]] for [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]] stated that "the request that the name ''Satani'' to be changed to Sattada Sri Vaishnava could not be accepted because Sri Vaishnava is the name of a distinctive group of Brahmins and Satani community is not generally treated as a Brahmin community. The adoption of the new name could be misleading."<ref name=":1">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GAS8TN50bJcC&pg=PA168 |title=Being Brahmin, Being Modern: Exploring the Lives of Caste Today |first=Ramesh |last=Bairy |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-13619-819-9 |pages=167–168}}</ref> They are currently included in the [[Other Backward Class]]es (OBC) list by the central and state governments.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Central List of OBCs for the State of Andhra Pradesh|url=http://www.bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in/obc/faq/andhrapradesh.pdf}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Backward Classes / Communities in the State of Telangana|url=http://www.tsmesa.in/2015BCW_MS16.pdf}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Divya Prabhandham]]
*[[Manavala Mamunigal]]
*[[Hindu reform movements]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Vaishnava sects]]
[[Category:Hindu denominations]]
[[Category:Social groups of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Social groups of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Social groups of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Social groups of Telangana]]
[[Category:Other Backward Classes]]
[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:South Indian communities]]

National Highway 527C (India)

2025-08-07T09:32:19Z

Doonedu: formatting fix

{{Short description|National highway in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}

{{Infobox road
| country = IND
| type = NH
| route = 527C
|map ={{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|zoom=9|frame-lat=26.34|frame-long=85.64|frame-align=center|type=line|id=Q55473568|stroke-width=3|title=National Highway 527C}}
|map_custom=yes
|map_notes=Map of the National Highway in red
| length_km = 64
| direction_a = South
| direction_b = North
| terminus_a = Majhauli
| terminus_b = Charout
| junction =
| previous_type = NH
| next_type = NH
| previous_route = 27
| next_route = 227
| states = [[Bihar]]
| destinations =
}}

'''National Highway 527C''', commonly referred to as '''NH 527C''' is a [[National Highway (India)|national highway]] in [[India]].<ref name=":122">{{Cite web|url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2012/E_276_2012_028.pdf|title=New highways notification dated February, 2012|website=[[The Gazette of India]] - [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=7 July 2018}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> It is a [[Spur route|spur]] road of [[National Highway 27 (India)|National Highway 27]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2011/E_574_2012_016.pdf|title=New Numbering of National Highways notification - Government of India|website=[[The Gazette of India]]|access-date=7 July 2018}}</ref> NH-527C traverses the state of [[Bihar]] in India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://morth.nic.in/showfile.asp?lid=2924|title=State-wise length of National Highways (NH) in India as on 30.06.2017|website=[[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=7 July 2018}}</ref>

== Route ==
Majhauli, Katra, Jajuar, Pupri, Charout.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":122" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rcd.bih.nic.in/Docs/RCD-NH-Road-Statistics.pdf|title=National Highways passing through Bihar|website=Road construction department - [[Government of Bihar]]|access-date=7 July 2018|archive-date=17 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417212059/http://rcd.bih.nic.in/Docs/RCD-NH-Road-Statistics.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Junctions ==
{{RJL|date=November 2021}}

: {{jct|NH|27|country=IND}} Terminal near Majhauli.<ref name=":122" />
: {{jct|NH|227|country=IND}} Terminal near Charout.<ref name=":122" />

== See also ==
* [[List of national highways in India]]
* [[List of national highways in India by state]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [http://openstreetmap.org/browse/relation/3287331 NH 527C on OpenStreetMap]

{{Indian Highways Network}}
{{IND NH27 sr}}

[[Category:National highways of India]]
[[Category:National highways in Bihar]]

{{India-NH-stub}}

Giraudpuri

2025-08-03T13:36:02Z

Doonedu: Starting some info w/ sources

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Giraudpuri
|other_name = Giraudhpuri, Giroudhpuri, Giroudpuri, Girodhpuri, Girod, Girodpuri
|settlement_type = village
|image_skyline = Baloda-bazar.jpg
|image_caption = Guru Ghasidas Jaitkham
|pushpin_map = India Chhattisgarh#India
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Chhattisgarh, India
|coordinates = {{coord|21.6116|82.5587|type:village|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = [[India]]
|subdivision_type1 = State
|subdivision_name1 = [[Chhattisgarh]]
|subdivision_type2 = District
|subdivision_name2 = [[Baloda Bazar district|Baloda Bazar]]
|subdivision_type3 =
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|unit_pref = Metric
|area_footnotes =
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|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_note =
|timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|utc_offset1 = +5:30
|utc_offset1_DST =
|postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
|postal_code = 493344
|registration_plate = CG-
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}}

'''Giraudpuri''' is a village in the [[Baloda Bazar district]] of [[Chhattisgarh]], India. Located beside the [[Jonk River]], it is the birthplace of the [[Satnampanth|Satnami]] sect's founder [[Guru Ghasidas]], and a [[pilgrimage]] centre for the Satnamis.<ref name="ET_2017"/>

== History ==

The village is notable as the birth place of [[Guru Ghasidas]], the founder of the ''[[Satnampanth|Satnam]]'' ''[[panth]]'' (religious sect).<ref name="Census_2011">{{cite web |title=District Census Handbook: Raipur |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/330/download/970/DH_2011_2211_PART_A_DCHB_RAIPUR.pdf |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |date=2011 |access-date=2022-08-18 }}</ref> It is a major place of [[pilgrimage]] (''dham'') for the Satnamis.<ref name="ET_2017">{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/shah-to-visit-satnami-community-site-in-chhattisgarh/articleshow/59038442.cms |title=Shah to visit Satnami community site in Chhattisgarh |date=2017-06-07 |access-date=2022-08-18 |publisher=Economic Times }}</ref> His son [[Balakdas]] purchased land in Girodhpuri to strengthen the Satnami sect.<ref>{{cite book |author=R.K. Kshirsagar |title=Dalit Movement in India and Its Leaders, 1857-1956 |publisher=MD |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788185880433 |year=1994 |page=223 }}</ref> A ''jayanti'' ''[[melā|mela]]'' (birth anniversary fair) held in honour of Ghasidas was first held in Giraudpuri in 1932.<ref name="JP_2020">{{cite book |author=Jonathan Parry |title=Classes of Labour |year=2020 |publisher=Social Science Press |isbn=9781351362849 |page=340 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HOgrDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT340 }}</ref>

The village was originally known as "Girod". By the time Chhattisgarh became a state in 2000, the Satnamis had become a politically important [[Votebank|voting group]]. The state government renamed the village to "Girodpuri" ("Girod town"), and started developing the area as a tourist centre to generate income, and to gain the political support of the Satnamis. The government built a temple, surrounded by other infrastructure such as [[dharamshala (type of building)|hostels]], parking areas, and space for the makeshift shops and stalls to be set up during the annual ''mela''. The government also developed roads leading to the area, and advertised the site as an important pilgrimage centre of the state. As a result of these efforts, the attendance at the ''mela'' increased from around 20,000 in 2001 to over 500,000 in 2008.<ref>{{cite book |author=P. Pratap Kumar |title=Contemporary Hinduism |year=2014 |isbn=9781317546351 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o2d_BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT244 |pages=168–171}}</ref>

In 2022, the [[Indian National Congress|INC]]-led Chhattisgarh government announced that the village will be renamed to "Baba Guru Ghasidas Dham Giroudpuri".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/chhattisgarh-government-to-rename-three-villages-of-spiritual-historical-significance-news-213480 |title=Chhattisgarh Government To Rename Three Villages Of Spiritual, Historical Significance |date=2022-08-01 |access-date=2022-08-18 |publisher=Outlook }}</ref>

== Tourism ==

The main landmark of the village is ''Guru Ghasidas Jaitkham'', a 77 metre high tower used as a pilgrimage centre by the Satnamis.<ref name="UNI_2015"/> A ''jaitkham'' ("victory pillar") is a Satnami object of worship, and a symbol of their distinct sectarian identity.<ref name="JP_2020"/> It is also known as ''Jaithkham'', ''Jaitkhambh'', ''Jait Khamba'', ''Jait Khamb'', or ''Jai Stambh''. The Jaitkham at Giraudpuri was commissioned by the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]-led Chhattisgarh government, and constructed by a [[Kolkata]]-based firm as an [[earthquake-resistant structures|earthquake-resistant structure]]. The project was scheduled to be completed in 2007 at a cost of {{INR}} 17 [[crore]]s,<ref name="WI_2010">{{cite news |url=https://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/India/20100326/1472747.html |title=India's tallest brick tower to cost Rs 51 cr |publisher=WebIndia123 |date=2010-03-26 |access-date=2022-08-18 }}</ref> but was completed in 2015 at a cost of {{INR}} 51.43 [[crore]]s.<ref name="UNI_2015"/> In 2010, while questioning the government on the delay and the cost overruns, the opposition [[Indian National Congress|INC]] leaders alleged that the tower was originally planned to be 122 m high, but the BJP government denied this.<ref name="WI_2010"/> When Chief Minister [[Raman Singh]] inaugurated the tower on 18 December 2015, it was said to be the tallest [[concrete]] structure in India.<ref name="UNI_2015">{{cite news |url=http://www.uniindia.com/cm-dedicates-country-s-highest-concrete-tower-in-chhattisgarh/states/news/312501.html |title=CM dedicates country's highest concrete tower in Chhattisgarh |date=2015-12-18 |access-date=2022-08-18 |publisher=United News of India }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/rahul-gandhi-to-visit-giroudhpuri-in-chhattisgarh-tomorrow/articleshow/51381376.cms |title=Rahul Gandhi to visit Giroudhpuri in Chhattisgarh tomorrow |date=2016-03-13 |access-date=2022-08-18 |newspaper=Economic Times }}</ref> Visitors can climb the tower up to 65m taking the spiral stairs or elevators. At its centre, the structure has a conference hall with a capacity to hold 2000 people.<ref name="UNI_2015"/>

Charan Kund, sacred pond, is another pilgrimage site in the village. Amrit Kund, a pond whose water is said to be sweet, is located a kilometre from the village. The annual Giraudpuri Mela (fair), also known as the "Guru Darshan Mela", is held at the village.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://balodabazar.gov.in/tourist-place/giraudpuri-dham/ |title=Giraudpuri Dham |publisher=Balodabazar District Administration |access-date=2022-08-18 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2022/state-editions/guru-darshan-mela-to-begin-on-march-7.html |title=Guru Darshan Mela to begin on March 7 |date=2022-02-28 |access-date=2022-08-18 |newspaper=The Pioneer }}</ref>

== References ==
{{commons category}}
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Baloda Bazar district]]
[[Category:Satnami]]

S. Ramesan Nair filmography

2025-07-23T21:37:04Z

Doonedu: updated page

{{short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!style='background: #b1c2c9; | {{ font color | black | Year}}
!style='background: #b1c2c9; | {{ font color | black |Movie}}
!style='background: #b1c2c9; | {{ font color | black |Song }}
|-
| rowspan="11" |1985
| rowspan="4" |[[Pathamudayam|Pathaamudayam]]
|Kalyaanappenninu
|-
|Poonkaavil Paadi
|-
|Mangalam Padunna
|-
|Thumbikale
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Rangam]]
|Vanashree Mukham
|-
|Swaathi Hridaya
|-
|Sarggathapassilakum Nimisham
|-
|Aaraarum Ariyaathe
|-
|Thamburaan Paattinu
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Idanilangal]]
|Indrachaapathin Njaanazhinju
|-
|Vayanaadan Manjalinu
|-
| rowspan="16" |1986
| rowspan="2" |[[Hello My Dear Wrong Number]]
|Nee Nee Neeyente Jeevan
|-
|Neeyen Kinaavo
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Sree Narayanaguru]]
|Udayakunkumam
|-
|Vaazhka Vaazhka
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Rakkuyilin Ragasadassil|Raakkuyilin Raagasadassil]]
|Ethra Pookkaalam
|-
|Swararaagame
|-
|Vallithirumanam
|-
|Poomukhavaathilil
|-
|Ethra Pookkaalam
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Dheem Tharikida Thom|Dheem Tharikidathom]]
|Kiliye Kiliye
|-
|Mandaarangalellaam
|-
|Onnaanaam Kunnil
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Abhayam Thedi]]
|Thaathintha They
|-
|Maanathu Vethaykkana
|-
|Medakkonnaykku
|-
|Kunnathoru kunniludichu
|-
| rowspan="4" |1987
|[[Achuvettante Veedu]]
|Chandanam Manakkunna
|-
| rowspan="3" |Ezhuthaan Maranna Kadha
|Kooduvittukoodu
|-
|Devagaanam
|-
|Vaarthinkale
|-
|1988
|[[Vicharana|Vichaarana]]
|Oru Poo Viriyunna
|-
| rowspan="7" |1989
|[[Charithram]]
|Aanandam Poovidum
|-
|Muthukkudayum Choodi
|Thaalathil Chaanchadum
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Njangalude Kochu Doctor]]
|Vaarthinkal Paalkkudamenthum
|-
|Kaattinum Thaalam
|-
|Meghangal Thenkudangal
|-
|Mekhangal
|-
|Uthradakkattinte
|-
| rowspan="7" |1990
| rowspan="4" |[[Kuruppinte Kanakkupusthakam]]
|Pedamaan Kannee
|-
|Theeyum Kaattum Pole
|-
|Pularivannu
|-
|Edan Thaazhvarayil
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Gazal]]
|Naagappaalakal Poovaniyumbol
|-
|Madhuram Thirumadhuram
|-
|Virahangal
|-
| rowspan="4" |1992
| rowspan="4" |[[Vasudha]]
|Alakkozhinja Neramundo
|-
|Thaazhampoo
|-
|Vasudhe
|-
|Vrindaavana Geetham
|-
| rowspan="7" |1994
| rowspan="5" |[[Sukham Sukhakaram]]
|Rithumathi
|-
|Orumikkaam
|-
|Thirumozhippenne
|-
|Sukhakaram
|-
|Oonjale
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Vardhakya Puranam|Vaardhakyapuraanam]]
|Paal Nilaavin
|-
|Vallaathoru Yogam
|-
| rowspan="11" |1995
| rowspan="2" |Boxer
|Vaaraani
|-
|Boxer
|-
| rowspan="2" |Karma
|Ellaam Indrajaalam
|-
|Ee Raajaveedhiyil
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Aadyathe Kanmani]]
|Madhuvidhuraavukale
|-
|Chakkaramuthe
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Puthukkottayile Puthumanavalan|Puthukkottayile Puthumanavaalan]]
|Aaru Paranjaalum (Kadhaprasangam)
|-
|Janimrithikal
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Aniyan Bava Chetan Bava|Aniyan Baava Chettan Baava]]
|Mizhineerin Kaayal
|-
|Mazhavilkkodiyil
|-
|Mizhineerin kaayal
|-
| rowspan="40" |1996
| rowspan="4" |[[Man of the Match]]
|Nallakaalam Vannu
|-
|Ponnaavani Poomuthe
|-
|Virahamaay
|-
|Kathirum Kothi
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Sathyabhamakkoru Premalekhanam|Sathyabhaamaykkoru Premalekhanam]]
|Nirathingalo
|-
|Nirathingalo Manideepamo
|-
|Vellikkinnam Thullumbol
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Kudumbakodathi]]
|Dum Dum Thirumukham
|-
|Pandathe Meesha
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Swapna Lokathe Balabhaskaran|Swapnalokathe Baalabhaaskaran]]
|Devaamritham
|-
|Swaram Swayam Maranno Sarike
|-
|Title Song
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[April 18 (film)|19 April]]
|Sharappoli Maala Chaarthi
|-
|Mazha Peythal
|-
|Arivinum Arulinum
|-
|Devike Nin Meyyil
|-
|Mazha Peythaal
|-
| rowspan="3" |Madaamma
|Machunaachi
|-
|Swarnam Vilayunna Naadu
|-
|Vavakkum Paavakkum
|-
| rowspan="6" |[[Dilliwala Rajakumaran|Dilliwaala Raajakumaaran]]
|Akale Nizhalay Aliyum Kiliye
|-
|Nilaathinkal Chiri Maayum
|-
|Poovarashin Kuda Nivarthi
|-
|Pranavathin Swaroopamaam
|-
|Nilaathinkal Chirimaayum
|-
|Kalahapriye Nin Mizhikalil
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Kaliveedu]]
|Manassu Oru Maanthrikakkoodu
|-
|Manassu Oru
|-
| rowspan="2" |Aayiram Naavulla Ananthan
|Unniyummachiruthe F
|-
|Unniyammachirutheyi D
|-
| rowspan="6" |Ammuvinte Aangalamar
|Nakshathramullaykkum
|-
|Kanethin Naal
|-
|Aararumariyaathe
|-
|Koodozhinja kili
|-
|Vaishaakappoothinkal
|-
|Nakshathramullakkum
|-
| rowspan="4" |Sourayoodham
|Mazhavil chirakeri F
|-
|Maarikkulire
|-
|Thinkalkkidaave
|-
|Mazhavil chirakeri M
|-
| rowspan="55" |1997
| rowspan="4" |Kalyanappittennu
|Venalkkaadum poothu
|-
|Thechimalarkkaadukalil
|-
|Punyampularna
|-
|Thalayodu
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Manthramothiram]]
|Chiraku Thedumee
|-
|Manjin Maarkazhithumpee
|-
|Aaru Nee Bhadre
|-
| rowspan="6" |[[Guru (1997 film)|Guru]]
|Devasangeetham M
|-
|Minnaaram Maanathu
|-
|Thathaaram Mozhiyamma
|-
|Arunakiranadeepam
|-
|Gurucharanam
|-
|Devasangeetham (D)
|-
| rowspan="7" |[[Aniyathipraavu]]
|Vennilaa Kadappurathu
|-
|Aniyathipraavinu (Pathos)
|-
|Oru Raajamalli
|-
|Aniyathipraavinu
|-
|Ennum Ninne
|-
|O Priye
|-
|O Priye D
|-
| rowspan="7" |[[The Car (1997 film)|The Car]]
|Raajayogam
|-
|Kamaladalam Moodum
|-
|Kalichirithan Praayam
|-
|Kalichirithan Praayam M
|-
|Kalichirithan Praayam F
|-
|Kamaladalam Moodum
|-
|Kalichirithan Prayam
|-
| rowspan="4" |Kadhaanaayakan
|Aalmaram chaayum neram
|-
|Dhanumaasappenninu
|-
|Good Morning
|-
|Aalmaram F
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Superman (1997 film)|Superman]]
|Onathumbi Paadu
|-
|Marumozhi Thedum Kilimakale
|-
|Aavaaram Poovinmel
|-
| rowspan="7" |Maayapponmaan
|Kathirolathumpi D
|-
|Ammaanam Chemmaanam
|-
|Nimishadalangalil Nee Maatram
|-
|Chandanathil Gandha
|-
|Aariro Mayangu
|-
|Ammaanam Chemmaanam
|-
|Kathirolathumpi
|-
| rowspan="7" |[[Rishyasringan]]
|Snehavaalsalyam
|-
|Vibhavaree Raagam
|-
|Kozhippoovante Kodiyadayaalam
|-
|Omanathinkal Paadiya
|-
|Koohu Kunju
|-
|Kaakaa Kalli Kaakkotthi
|-
|Kaarthika Deepam
|-
| rowspan="7" |Poomarathanalil
|Devagaanam
|-
|Naanam Choodum
|-
|Saami Goswami
|-
|Ee Sandhyayum
|-
|Oru Kadha Parayaan
|-
|Swapnathin Poomarachottil
|-
|Devagaanam M
|-
| rowspan="62" |1998
| rowspan="9" |Mayilppeelikkaavu
|Mayilaay Parannuvaa D
|-
|Akale
|-
|Anjukannanalla Athalapithala
|-
|Mayilaay Parannuvaa
|-
|Onnaanaam Kunninmel
|-
|Onnaanaam Kunninmel (D)
|-
|Paathiraappoo Choodi
|-
|Paathiraappoo Choodi
|-
|Onnaanaam Kunninmel
|-
| rowspan="9" |Manthrikkochamma
|Koodevide Koodevide Oh Mridule
|-
|Onnaamthumbi
|-
|Devalokamaano
|-
|Raanthal Velichathil
|-
|Poo Virinja Pole
|-
|Hridayamuraliyude raagam
|-
|Onnaamthumbi
|-
|Koodevide Koodevide Oh Mridule F
|-
|Anthimukil
|-
| rowspan="2" |Manthrikumaaran
|Kala Kala Kalamozhi
|-
|Pongi Pongi Pokanam
|-
| rowspan="7" |[[Punjabi House]]
|Sonaare
|-
|Udicha Chandirante
|-
|Balla Balla
|-
|Ellaam Marakkaam
|-
|Ellaam Marakkaam
|-
|Eriyunna Kanal
|-
|Balla Balla F
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Vismayam (1998 film)|Vismayam]]
|Ezhaam Naalu
|-
|Kothichathum
|-
|Kunkuma Poo
|-
|Ezhaam Nalu
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Samaantharangal]]
|Ezhaam Kadal Neenthiyorambili
|-
|Onnaam kadal
|-
|Onnaam Kadal
|-
| rowspan="6" |Meenakshikkalyaanam
|Manjaadikkunnile Praave
|-
|Swarnappakshi
|-
|Thirayezhuthum Mannil
|-
|Thirayezhuthum Mannil D
|-
|Manjaadikkunnile Praave D
|-
|Thirayezhuthum Mannil D2
|-
| rowspan="6" |[[Kudumba Vaarthakal]]
|Ponnnusha Kanyake
|-
|Thankamani Thaamarayaay
|-
|Thiruvaanikkaavum
|-
|Ponvilakkenthum
|-
|Dukha Swapnangale Nithya Sathyangale
|-
|Dukha Swapnangale Nithya Sathyangale
|-
| rowspan="3" |Sreekrishnapurathu Nakshathrathilakkam
|Thaaram Thaaram
|-
|Ambilippoomarano
|-
|Oru Thulli Pala Thulli
|-
| rowspan="7" |[[Sooryaputhran]]
|Panchavarnnakkulire Paalaazhikkadavil
|-
|Kaliyoonjaalaadiyethum
|-
|Thenmalare
|-
|Thenmalare
|-
|Koodariya Kuyilamme
|-
|Megha Hamsangal Doothu Poyvarum
|-
|Koodariyaa Kuyilamme
|-
| rowspan="4" |Kottaaram Veettile Apputtan
|Aavanipponnoonjaal Aadumpol
|-
|Karalinte Novarinjal
|-
|Ambottee
|-
|Aavanipponnoonjal Aadikkam
|-
| rowspan="2" |Harthaal
|Vellilakkoodaaram D
|-
|Vellilakkoodaaram F
|-
| rowspan="69" |1999
| rowspan="6" |Pranayamazha
|Puthumazha Nanayum
|-
|Eeran Kinaakkalum
|-
|Aadikkatte
|-
|Aavani Maasa
|-
|Saagaropamaam
|-
|She Is The One
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Captain (1999 film)|Captain]]
|Kaakkothikkunnallayo
|-
|O Maanathu
|-
| rowspan="8" |[[Chandranudikkunna Dikkil]]
|Maaya Devakikku Makan Piranne
|-
|Manju Peyyana
|-
|Thei Oru Thenavayal (Bambaattu Hudugi)
|-
|Ambaadippayyukal F
|-
|Oru kunjupoo
|-
|Thei Oru Thenavayal
|-
|Ambaadippayyukal M
|-
|Ambaadippayyukal D
|-
|[[Stalin Sivadas]] (Chenkodi)
|Rakthavarnakkodi Pongi
|-
| rowspan="8" |[[Pranayanilaavu]]
|Paalkkudangal
|-
|Nettiyil Annu Njan Charthithannoru
|-
|Maanathoru Ponthaarakam
|-
|Ponnitta Pettakam
|-
|Thinkalazhcha Nombukal Nottoo
|-
|Kaadu Bharikkum Kizhavan Simham
|-
|Ponnitta Pettakam
|-
|Kunkuma Sandhyathan
|-
| rowspan="8" |Aakaashaganga
|Kovaalanum
|-
|Oru manjuthulliyil
|-
|Puthumazhayai
|-
|Kainiraye
|-
|Vaikaashithinkalirangum
|-
|Vaikaashithinkalirangum D
|-
|Manimanchaleri
|-
|Puthumazhayai
|-
| rowspan="8" |Njangal Santhushtaraanu
|Ponnin Valakilukki
|-
|Udayam Vaalkkannezhuthi M
|-
|Iru Meyyum
|-
|Iru Meyyum D
|-
|Kannil Thiri Thelikkum
|-
|Theythey Thaalam
|-
|Udayam Vaalkannezhuthi
|-
|Aanalla Pennalla
|-
| rowspan="8" |[[Independence (1999 film)|Independence]]
|Daaha Veenjin Paana Paathrame M
|-
|Nandalaala
|-
|Oru Deepam Kaanan
|-
|Oru Mutham Thedi Doore Poyi
|-
|Daaha Veenjin Paana Paathrame
|-
|Amme Mangala Devi Hare
|-
|Kanikaanum
|-
|Daaha Veenjin Paana Paathrame F
|-
| rowspan="4" |Thennaali Raman
|Midukkathikkurumbi
|-
|Pathupara ponnu
|-
|Achi Konthan
|-
|Kaanaatha Swapnam
|-
| rowspan="8" |[[Devadasi (1999 film)|Devadasi]]
|Divaaswapnam
|-
|Yamuna Nadiyozhukum
|-
|Devee Hridayaraagam
|-
|Dil-E-Naadaan
|-
|Paaraalum Maalore
|-
|Sudhamanthram
|-
|Chalal Chanchala
|-
|Pon Vasantham
|-
| rowspan="8" |[[Sparsham]]
|Indumathippoovirinjathu
|-
|Ee Shyaamasandhyayil
|-
|Doorathaarakangal
|-
|Kalyaanakkuyil Vilikkum
|-
|Koodozhinju Kudiyeri Varunnu
|-
|Thengi Mounam Thengi
|-
|Pandenno Kettathaane
|-
|Nakshathrappuzhayil
|-
| rowspan="70" |2000
| rowspan="5" |The Gang
|Mizhimunayaal
|-
|Aavani Maasa
|-
|Saagaropamam
|-
|Surabhila
|-
|Eeran Kinaakkalum
|-
| rowspan="9" |Naadan Pennum Naattupramaaniyum
|Minnum Ponnurukki Theerthu
|-
|Madhuramee Sangamam
|-
|Mayilaadum Kunninmel
|-
|Aathirathumbiye
|-
|Aalolam ponnoonjalaadi
|-
|Madhuramee Sangamam D
|-
|Madhuramee Sangamam D
|-
|Sneham Thalirilakalil
|-
|Ilamanassin
|-
| rowspan="8" |[[Daivathinte Makan]]
|Kaliyaattam Thullalle
|-
|Nilaathumbi Varu
|-
|Boode Bhi There
|-
|Eden Poove
|-
|Muthu Mazhatherottam
|-
|Edan Poove
|-
|Thaalikku Ponnu
|-
|Oh Saayam Sandhya
|-
| rowspan="9" |[[Darling Darling (2000 film)]]
|Darling Darling
|-
|Pranaya Sowgandhikangal F
|-
|Aniyampoo Muttathu
|-
|Muthum Pavizhavum Mozhikalil
|-
|Chithirappanthalittu
|-
|Darling Darling
|-
|Muthum Pavizhavum
|-
|Pranaya Sowgandhikangal M
|-
|Pranaya Sowgandhikangal D
|-
| rowspan="4" |The Warrant
|Manjala Moodiya
|-
|Mizhiyevide
|-
|Ullaasappoonkaattil
|-
|Vaanampaadikkum
|-
| rowspan="3" |Summer Palace
|Kili Marachillakalil
|-
|Raathrimulla Pole
|-
|Kili Marachillakalil F
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Indriyam]]
|Manjum Thaazhvaaravum
|-
|Kalagathai Kaaliyamman
|-
|Maarkazhippenne Nin
|-
|Manjum Thaazhvaaravum
|-
| rowspan="8" |Sahayaathrikaykku Snehapoorvam
|Anaadiyaamen (remix)
|-
|Olivukal Thaliritto
|-
|Chellam Chellam Manjadi
|-
|Pranayakavithakal Lahari Pakarum
|-
|Muthuvilakkiloru
|-
|Alasaakolusaapennu remix
|-
|Alassa Kolassa
|-
|Anaadiyaam
|-
| rowspan="8" |Priyam
|Minnaaminni
|-
|Snehaswaroopanaam
|-
|Kunnimani
|-
|Katturumbinu
|-
|Neelanilaavin
|-
|Vaikaashi
|-
|Katturumbinu M
|-
|Kunnimani M
|-
| rowspan="5" |Mele Vaaryathe Maalaakhakkuttikal
|Kaanappoonkuyil Oru Kavitha M
|-
|Poochakkaaro Manikettunnallo
|-
|Mutholakottaaram
|-
|Kaanappoonkuyil Oru Kavitha D
|-
|Theyyam Kaattil Thekkan Kaattil
|-
| rowspan="2" |Mimics 2000
|Onathumbi Thenil Mungi
|-
|Kalabhamazha
|-
| rowspan="3" |Nisheedhini
|Neelanilaavil
|-
|Mayilaadumkunnu D
|-
|Etho Snehalaalanam
|-
| rowspan="2" |Kolothu Naattile Kochu Visheshangal
|Kaliveena Maaril Cherkum
|-
|Ankam Nedi
|-
| rowspan="59" |2001
| rowspan="4" |Bhadra
|Kadalu kadakkum
|-
|Theerangal thedunnu
|-
|Thaarangal( )
|-
|Vaarthinkalo
|-
| rowspan="5" |Achaneyaanenikkishtam
|Shalabham Vazhimaarumaa
|-
|Aa thatha
|-
|Kalivattam
|-
|Kaatte kaatte
|-
|Kaatte Kaatte
|-
| rowspan="6" |Dosth
|Vaanampole
|-
|Kilippenne Nilaavin
|-
|Kilippenne Nilaavin (D)
|-
|Manju Pole
|-
|Thathammapperu Thaazhampoo
|-
|Maaripraave Maayapraave
|-
| rowspan="4" |Naaraanathu Thamburaan
|Oh Butterfly Butterfly
|-
|Thaamarappoove thankanilaave
|-
|Aayiram Pakshikal Paadi
|-
|Aathire Yadu Raadhike
|-
| rowspan="5" |Soothradhaaran
|Raavil Aaro
|-
|Hari Om Shyaama Hare
|-
|Perariyam Makayiram
|-
|Raavil Aaro
|-
|Madhumayee
|-
| rowspan="4" |Meghasandesham
|Madhu maasam
|-
|Changampuzha
|-
|Mazhanilaavinte
|-
|Mazhanilaavinte
|-
| rowspan="2" |Bharthaavudyogam
|Poomakale
|-
|Kanikaanum
|-
| rowspan="9" |Aakaashathile Paravakal
|Ponnumkudathinu Pottum Venam
|-
|Thathappenne Paattupaadu
|-
|Kalabhakkuriyitta
|-
|Angaadi Veettinu
|-
|Kaattoonjaalidaam
|-
|Moopparukkoru naalukettaal
|-
|Ponnumkudathinu Pottum Venam M
|-
|Thathappenne
|-
|Ponnumkudathinu Pottum Venam F
|-
| rowspan="6" |Raakshasa Raajaavu
|Kannaare Kannaare
|-
|Indumathee Ithal Mizhiyil
|-
|Indumathee Ithal Mizhiyil D
|-
|Marikkaattu Veeshi
|-
|Paalinu Madhuram
|-
|Sharathkaala Mukile
|-
| rowspan="7" |The Gift of God
|Sankeerthanam
|-
|Aa Kanakathaaramo
|-
|Aa Kanakathaaramo
|-
|Amme Amme
|-
|Manikkuyile
|-
|Mizhikal
|-
|Panineer Poovilum
|-
| rowspan="7" |Raajapattam
|Thalivilakkum thamarathenum
|-
|Kanikaanum
|-
|Kannampoo kannadi
|-
|Kannampoo kannadi M
|-
|Panchavarnnakkili
|-
|Panineer Paadathu D
|-
|Panineer Paadathu F
|-
| rowspan="75" |2002
| rowspan="2" |Kaakki Nakshathram
|Kurumozhiyalle
|-
|Kathirolakkaattinu
|-
| rowspan="7" |Malayaali Maamanu Vanakkam
|Kanmaniye
|-
|Thakathakadhoom
|-
|Vaaniludikkum M
|-
|Vaaniludikkum F
|-
|Maama Malayaali Maama
|-
|Kanmaniye
|-
|Kaathala Kaathala
|-
| rowspan="8" |Vaalkkannaadi
|Manikkuyile
|-
|Manikkuyile
|-
|Naarayaneeyamam
|-
|Vaalkkannaadi
|-
|Annaarakkannaa (Thintakatharo)
|-
|Makale
|-
|Amme Amme
|-
|Kukku kukku
|-
| rowspan="7" |Mazhathullikkilukkam
|Kinaavinte
|-
|Therirangum
|-
|Velippenninu
|-
|Puthuvettam
|-
|Raavinte Devahridayathin
|-
|Swargam
|-
|Raavinte Devahridayathin F
|-
| rowspan="7" |Kanmashi
|Thithai thithai
|-
|Ambili Maamanumundallo
|-
|Valakilukkana
|-
|Chakkaramaavin
|-
|Ambili Maamanumundallo
|-
|Chakkara Maavin (F )
|-
|Chakkara Maavin (Sad)
|-
| rowspan="6" |Kanalkkireedam
|Aazhithirakal M
|-
|Aazhithirakal
|-
|Ariyaatha Jeevithayaathra Than
|-
|Nilaave Neeyen Manassinte Theeram
|-
|Daiva Sneham
|-
|Sougandhikam
|-
| rowspan="2" |Ente Hridayathinte Udama
|Thankanilaavum
|-
|Pranayam
|-
| rowspan="8" |Kayyethum Doorathu
|Akkayyilikkayyille
|-
|Priyasakhi
|-
|Aadyamaay
|-
|Gokulathil
|-
|Poove oru
|-
|Aravindanayana
|-
|Asalasalaay
|-
|Vasantharaavin
|-
| rowspan="7" |Punyam
|Thanneerppanthalile
|-
|Pularolithan Malarilo (D)
|-
|Kumkuma Raaga Paraaga
|-
|Thanneerppanthalile
|-
|Devathe Kelkumo
|-
|Kumkuma Raaga Paraaga
|-
|Pularolithan Malarilo
|-
| rowspan="7" |Nakshathrakannulla Raajakumaaran
Avanundoru Raajakumaari
|Kalarikkum
|-
|Ore Mugham
|-
|Ore Mugham
|-
|Poomaanam
|-
|Thankam Kondoru (Punchiri Mottinu)
|-
|Manassukal Thammil Puthooram
|-
|Sundari
|-
| rowspan="5" |Pakalppooram
|Maayam chollum
|-
|Mohaswaroopini
|-
|Pakalppooram
|-
|Nadavazhiyum
|-
|Hey shingari
|-
| rowspan="2" |www.anukudumbam.com
|Akkam Pakkam
|-
|Mazhamukilinu Kaavadiyattam
|-
|Chathurangam
|Chandanakoottinakathoru
|-
| rowspan="6" |Grand Mother
|Kaviyaanu Njan
|-
|Aareeram Paadum
|-
|Poove Poli Paadivaroo
|-
|Munnil Policum
|-
|Kochu Kuttathi
|-
|Thechikkaadinum
|-
| rowspan="36" |2003
| rowspan="5" |Swapnam Kondu Thulaabhaaram
|Kaathoram
|-
|Vaarmegha
|-
|Ormakale
|-
|Parannu Vannoru
|-
|Kinginippoove
|-
|Kaalavarkki
|Irulunnu
|-
| rowspan="7" |Malsaram
|Ilam Khalbile Malar Painkili
|-
|Ponnambili Ponnambili
|-
|Poonilakkulire Vaayo (D)
|-
|Hey Kaale
|-
|Poonilaakkulire Vaayo
|-
|Ilam Khalbile Malar Painkili
|-
|Dhadak Dhadak
|-
| rowspan="6" |Jameendaar
|Aakaashappooppaadam
|-
|Kanakashilayiloru
|-
|Ennuyire
|-
|Uyire
|-
|Muthampakarum
|-
|Muthampakarum
|-
| rowspan="8" |Uthara
|Sree Ragaamrutham Choriyukayille
|-
|Kaikkumbilil Kanneer
|-
|Manninum Penninum
|-
|Devi Priye
|-
|Manninum Penninum F
|-
|Sree Mahaadevante
|-
|Kanneer Panthalil
|-
|Ushase Ushase
|-
| rowspan="4" |Chandramukhi
|Illikkaadum Moolum
|-
|Kannaaram
|-
|Kannaaram Poomutthu
|-
|Paathiraamazhachinthu
|-
| rowspan="5" |Chithrakoodam
|Sreeraagam
|-
|Chandiranaano Maanathu
|-
|Kunji Chittolam
|-
|Sreeraagam
|-
|Chandiranaano Maanathu
|-
| rowspan="25" |2004
| rowspan="6" |Kusruthy
|Dum Dum
|-
|Mindaappennu
|-
|Muthu Muthu Manikkuyile
|-
|Naagathaan Kaavilamme
|-
|Mindaappennu M
|-
|Dum Dum Dhimithaalam M
|-
| rowspan="3" |Ee Snehatheerathu (Saamam)
|Aadi Mahaamahassin
|-
|Udhayaardra Kiranangal
|-
|Pakalin Chithayeriyum
|-
| rowspan="4" |Kanninum Kannaadikkum
|Maarikolunthe Manakkanathenth
|-
|Kaithozhaam
|-
|Nilaakkili
|-
|Pachakkilipadu
|-
| rowspan="5" |Vellinakshathram
|Maanazhako
|-
|Maanazhako
|-
|Chandana Mukile
|-
|Chakkarakkili
|-
|Chandana Mukile
|-
|Sathyam
|Kallakkurumbi
|-
| rowspan="4" |Kottaaram Vaidyan
|Chakkarachi
|-
|Makam Pirannoru
|-
|Parayaathe Vayyen Uyire (D)
|-
|Parayaathe Vayyen Uyire
|-
| rowspan="2" |Thaalamelam
|Pachamani Painkili
|-
|Devike Devike Vala Kilungi
|-
| rowspan="13" |2005
| rowspan="8" |Kalyaanakkurimaanam
|Kalyanam kalyanam
|-
|Thotte thotte
|-
|Thalirani mulle
|-
|Dil dil strawberry
|-
|Mazhanilaavin
|-
|Keralam oru
|-
|Mindaattam venda
|-
|Penpoove
|-
| rowspan="5" |Videshi Nair Swadeshi Nair
|Maarikkaavil Thrikkodiyettinu D
|-
|Oru Thullithenum
|-
|Maarikkaavil Thrikkodiyettinu
|-
|Maari kkaavil Thrikkodiyettinu M
|-
|Thaalam Thaalam
|-
| rowspan="5" |2006
| rowspan="7" |Kalabham
|Shivapadam Thozhuthuvaa
|-
|Oru Meghanaadam
|-
|Varu Varu
|-
|Snehikkaan
|-
|Devasandhya
|-
| rowspan="9" |2006
|Devasandhya F
|-
|Varu Varu Short
|-
| rowspan="7" |Gopaalapuraanam
|Thanuppulla
|-
|Therodum
|-
|Neelanilaavo
|-
|Nee Nilaavo
|-
|Anuraaga
|-
|Aarum Kaanathiniyum Njaan
|-
|Neelanilaavo
|-
| rowspan="15" |2009
| rowspan="4" |Sanmanassullavan Appukkuttan
|Aaromale
|-
|Vellitthinkal
|-
|Kallane Pidichu Ketti
|-
|Aaraadhike Oru Peelikkinaavaayi
|-
| rowspan="8" |Kadhaparayum Theruvoram
|Thoda Thoda Malum
|-
|Therupone Thevarum Pone
|-
|Ammamaare Vannaatte
|-
|Kunjee Vaave Vaavo
|-
|Kilungu Kilungu
|-
|Katturumbinte Kaathu
|-
|Kunjee Vaave Vaavo
|-
|Kannezhuthi
|-
|Ivar Vivaahitharaayaal
|Poomukha Vaathilkkal
|-
| rowspan="2" |Gulumaal - The Escape
|Thaam Tharikida
|-
|Gulumaal
|-
| rowspan="16" |2010
|Mohakkottaaram
|Onathumbikal Paadum
|-
| rowspan="5" |Pathinonnil Vyaazham
|Ini Enna
|-
|Ini Enna M
|-
|Janicha Kaalam
|-
|Maargazhi
|-
|Puthiyoru Sooryanudikkunnu
|-
|Kuttisraanku
|Oru Minnaaminni
|-
| rowspan="9" |Plus Two
|Puthumakalaay
|-
|Thaamarakkatte
|-
|Vellaaram Kannulla
|-
|Thaane
|-
|Pakalilla Raavilla
|-
|Thaane
|-
|Kannolam
|-
|Kannolam V2
|-
|Manchaadi
|-
| rowspan="16" |2011
| rowspan="5" |Traffic
|Unaroo Mizhiyazhake
|-
|Kannerinjaal
|-
|Unaroo Mizhiyazhake
|-
|Unaroo Mizhiyazhake
|-
|Pakalin
|-
|Kanmani
|Ambilimaama
|-
| rowspan="10" |Swami
|Maamalayil
|-
|Ayyan Thiruvadi
|-
|Mazhayo Mazha
|-
|Kannaa Kaarmukil Varnaa
|-
|Maalayittu
|-
|Kaadaaya Kaattil
|-
|Kaadinte Ullil
|-
|Narayana Narayana
|-
|Harivaraasanam
|-
|Azhakin Azhake
|-
| rowspan="4" |2013
| rowspan="4" |Avarude Veedu
|Onnalla Randalla
|-
|Melle Manasinte
|-
|Mohikkum Kayyile
|-
|Vaathil Chaaralle
|-
|2014
|@Andheri
|Karumpanaanu Kannan
|-
|2015
|White Boys
|Mele Mele
|-
|2016
|Maanasaantharappetta Yezdi
|Mazhayude
|-
|2017
|Bobby
|Ithalidum
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019
|Vishudha Pusthakam
|Mullakal
|-
|Aakashaganga 2
|Puthumazhayayi (Remix)
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
*{{Cite web|title=S. Rameshan Nair|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm7912740/|access-date=2020-12-21|website=IMDb}} {{unreliable?|date=September 2022}}
*{{Cite web|title=S Rameshan Nair|url=https://m3db.com/en/node/5453|access-date=2020-12-21|website=M3DB.COM|language=en}}
*{{Cite web|title=എസ് രമേശൻ നായർ's biography and latest film release news|url=https://malayalam.filmibeat.com/celebs/s-rameshan-nair/biography.html|access-date=2020-12-21|website=FilmiBeat|language=ml}}

[[Category:Indian filmographies]]

Cochin Minerals and Rutile Limited

2025-06-14T20:20:38Z

Doonedu: improved article

{{Short description|Indian chemicals company}}
{{EngvarB|date=February 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2014}}

{{Infobox company
| name = Cochin Minerals and Rutile Limited (CMRL)
| logo = Cochin Minerals and Rutile Limited.svg
| type = Public
| traded_as = {{BSE|513353}}
| foundation = 18 August 1989<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/company-facts/cochinmineralsrutile/history/CMR |title=Cochin Minerals and Rutile
|website=www.moneycontrol.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100808221317/http://www.moneycontrol.com/company-facts/cochinmineralsrutile/history/CMR |archive-date=2010-08-08
|last1=Com
|first1=Moneycontrol
}}</ref>
| location = Edayar Industrial Development Area, Aluva
| location_city = [[Kochi]]
| location_country = India
| key_people = R.K. Garg, Chairman . Dr.S.N. Sasidharan Kartha, MD
<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/company-facts/cochinmineralsrutile/management/CMR |title=Cochin Minerals and Rutile Registered Address Contact Details, Cochin Minerals and Rutile Management |website=www.moneycontrol.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091208124204/http://www.moneycontrol.com/company-facts/cochinmineralsrutile/management/CMR |archive-date=2009-12-08}}</ref>
| num_employees =
| industry = [[Chemicals]]
| products = Beneficiated [[Ilmenite]] (Synthetic [[Rutile]]), [[Ferric Chloride]], [[Ferrous Chloride]], [[Cemox]]
| revenue = {{profit}}{{INRConvert|1129|m}} (2009-2010)
| assets = {{INRConvert|601|m}} (2009-2010)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/financials/cochinmineralsrutile/balance-sheetVI/CMR |title=Cochin Minerals and Rutile Balance Sheet, Cochin Minerals and Rutile Financial Statement & Accounts |website=www.moneycontrol.com | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415190728/https://www.moneycontrol.com/financials/cochinmineralsrutile/balance-sheetVI/CMR |archive-date=2016-04-15 |last1=Com |first1=Moneycontrol }}</ref>
| operating_income = {{profit}}{{INRConvert| 15.32|c}} (2009-2010)
| net_income = {{profit}}{{INRConvert| 5.89|c}} (2009-2010)
| equity = {{INRConvert|78.3|m}} (2009-2010)
| homepage = [http://www.cmrlindia.com www.cmrlindia.com]
}}

'''Cochin Minerals and Rutile Limited''' (CMRL) ({{BSE|513353}}) is a publicly listed chemicals company based in [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]. The company was founded in 1989 by Dr. S.N. Sasidharan Kartha with assistance from the [[Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation]] (KSIDC).<ref name="auto"/> The company is the only listed Indian entity in the synthetic [[rutile]] space.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/markets/-2119019.html |title=Tater Picks Cochin Minerals To Buy On Dips |website=www.moneycontrol.com |date=11 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627062424/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/markets/-2119019.html |archive-date=2018-06-27}}</ref>

==Plant location==
*[[Aluva]] ([[Kerala]]) - The plant is located at [[Edayar]] Industrial Development Area, which is about 15 kilometers from the [[Cochin Port]] and 100 kilometers from the [[Ilmenite]] deposits. The company started production with a capacity of 10000 TPA of Synthetic [[Rutile]] and 12500 TPA of Ferric Chloride. Subsequent, the company enhanced its production capacity of Synthetic [[Rutile]] to 45000 TPA, Ferric Chloride to 24000 TPA, Ferrous Chloride to 72000 TPA and Cemox to 18000 TPA.

==Product range==
* Beneficiated [[Ilmenite]] (Synthetic [[Rutile]])
* [[Ferric Chloride]]
* [[Ferrous Chloride]]

== Controversies ==

* In a raid conducted by [[Income Tax Department]] in 2019, it was revealed that the company inflates its expenses and pay bribes to several politicians in [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title='Monthly quota' for CM's daughter; Veena Vijayan gets Rs 1.72 crore from CMRL in 3 years |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2023/08/09/monthly-quota-for-cm-daughter-veena-vijayan-from-cochin-minerals-and-rutile-limited.html |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=Onmanorama}}</ref>
* In 2018 - 19 there were protest named ''Save Alappad'' in [[Kollam district]] against alleged illegal mining carried out under the aegis of CMRL.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-10 |title='Save Alappad', protest strengthens across state |url=https://englisharchives.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/save-alappad-protest-strengthens-across-state-1.3468469 |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=English Archives |language=en}}</ref>
* In June 2023, Income Tax Interim Settlement Board, Delhi ruled that the company paid illegal payments to daughter of [[Pinarayi Vijayan]] by giving bogus contracts to her company Exalogics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-11 |title=Illegal payments of Rs 1.72 cr made to Kerala CM's daughter, claims report, triggers political firestorm |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/pinarayi-vijayan-kerala-cm-daughter-illegal-payments-crores-8887077/ |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* In February 2024, [[Serious Fraud Investigation Office]] conducted probe against the company over alleged deal with [[Pinarayi Vijayan|Veena Vijayan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |title=Kerala HC declines to stay SFIO probe against CM's daughter's firm, KSIDC & CMRL |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/kerala/kerala-hc-declines-to-stay-sfio-probe-against-cms-daughters-firm-2884276 |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Sand mining in Tamil Nadu|V V Minerals]]
* [[Indian Rare Earths]]
* [[Kerala Minerals and Metals|KMML]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200706083521/http://www.cmrlindia.com/index.htm Official Website]

[[Category:Companies based in Kochi]]
[[Category:Chemical companies of India]]
[[Category:Mining in Kerala]]
[[Category:1989 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1989]]
[[Category:Chemical companies established in 1989]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]

Kelavli railway station

2025-06-03T03:14:17Z

Doonedu: cleanup

{{Short description|Railway station in Maharashtra, India}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Kelavli
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways]] and [[Mumbai Suburban Railway]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image = Kelavli railway station - Station board 1.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| address =
| line = [[Central Line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)|Central Line]]
| other =
| structure =
| platform =
| depth =
| levels =
| tracks = 1
| parking =
| bicycle =
| baggage_check =
| opened =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified =
| accessible =
| code =
| owned = [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]], [[Indian Railways]]
| zone = [[Central Railways]]
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Mumbai Suburban Railway|line=Central|left=Palasdari|right=Dolavli|type=Khopoli}}
| map_type = India#Maharashtra
| coordinates = {{coord|18|50|45|N|73|19|8|E|display=inline}}
| map_dot_label = Kelavli
| route_map = {{MSR Central line}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}

'''Kelavli''' is a railway station on the [[Central Line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)|Central line]] of the [[Mumbai Suburban Railway]] network. It is on the [[Karjat]]–[[Khopoli]] route.<ref>https://www.loksatta.com/thane/travelling-by-bike-on-platform-of-kelavli-railway-station-near-karjat-zws-70-4175047/</ref> [[Palasdari]] is the previous station and [[Dolavli]] is the next station. Kelavli lies on Karjat–Khopoli State Highway 35.

{{commons category|Kelavli railway station}}
{{Mumbai – Suburban Railway, Central}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Mumbai Suburban Railway stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Raigad district]]
[[Category:Karjat-Khopoli rail line]]

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