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Thani Oruvan

2026-05-07T04:20:00Z

Donnell05T: created article

{{Short description|2015 Indian film by Mohan Raja}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Thani Oruvan.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Mohan Raja]]
| producer = Kalpathi S. Aghoram Kalpathi S. Ganesh Kalpathi S. Suresh
| writer = Mohan Raja [[Subha (writers)|Subha]]
| screenplay =
| story = Mohan Raja
| starring = [[Ravi Mohan]] [[Arvind Swamy]] [[Nayanthara]]
| music = [[Hiphop Tamizha]]
| cinematography = [[Ramji (cinematographer)|Ramji]]
| editing = [[Gopi Krishna (film editor)|Gopi Krishna]]
| studio = [[AGS Entertainment]]
| distributor = AGS Entertainment
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2015|08|28}}
| runtime = 158 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = {{INR}}15 crore<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 December 2016 |title=Dhruva release: Why Ram Charan's next might be a game changer |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/dhruva-release-why-ram-charans-next-might-be-a-game-changer-4417479/}}</ref>
| gross = 
}}

'''''Thani Oruvan''''' ({{translation|The Sole One}}) is a 2015 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action thriller film]] directed by [[Mohan Raja]], who co-wrote the script with [[Subha (writers)|Suresh and Balakrishnan]]. It is produced by Kalpathi S. Aghoram, S. Ganesh, and S. Suresh under [[AGS Entertainment]]. The film stars [[Ravi Mohan]] (credited as Jayam Ravi) and [[Arvind Swamy]] in lead roles. [[Nayanthara]], [[Thambi Ramaiah]], [[Ganesh Venkatraman|Ganesh Venkataraman]], [[Harish Uthaman]], [[Sricharan]], [[Rahul Madhav]], [[Nagineedu]], [[Madhusudhan Rao (actor)|Madhusudhan Rao]], [[Saiju Kurup]], [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] and [[Mugdha Godse]] play supporting roles.

The plot revolves around an [[Indian Police Service]] (IPS) officer who wants to arrest an affluent scientist who uses secret, illegal medical practices for profit. ''Thani Oruvan'' was Raja's original story concept, unlike his previous ventures, which were remakes. Principal photography commenced on 6 December 2013, with filming taking place in various locations including [[Chennai]], [[Bangalore]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Dehradun]], [[Mussoorie]], and other locations.

The music was composed by [[Hiphop Tamizha]], while the cinematography and editing were handled by [[Ramji (cinematographer)|Ramji]] and [[Gopi Krishna (film editor)|Gopi Krishna]] respectively. The film was released on 28 August 2015 to critical acclaim, with praise for the direction, screenplay, storyline, soundtrack, pacing, and the performances of Jayam Ravi and Thambi Ramaiah, but especially Aravind Swamy. It was a commercial success and also became one of the highest-grossing Tamil films of the year.

The film was remade in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Dhruva (2016 film)|Dhruva]]'' (2016), and in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] as ''[[One (2017 film)|One]]'' (2017).

== Plot ==
In 1975, a low-level party cadre Sengalvarayan is dedicated to his cunning regional leader Tamizhvanan and his party to the extent that he is working for a party meeting when his wife goes into labor. Tamizhvanan accidentally comes to the area of Sengalvarayan's house and lends his car to take Sengalvarayan's wife to the labour ward, but the delivery happens safely inside the car.

In 1990, Sengalvarayan's son Pazhani secures the first rank in his 10th standard state exam and visits Tamizhvanan, now the chairman of the party and a member of the ruling coalition, for his blessings with his father. While they are waiting in the party office for the leader to come in, they witness an accidental murder of a rebel in the party by Tamizhvanan due to caste-related comments by the rebel on him. When Tamizhvanan asks Sengalvarayan to take the blame by saying that he killed the man due to rage about the rebel's comments, Pazhani volunteers to take the blame and is willing to go to prison, citing the leniency of juvenile laws in exchange for an [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]] seat for his father in the upcoming by-elections. Tamizhvanan accepts, and Sengalvarayan later becomes an MLA.

In 2015, trainee [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] officers Mithran, Shakthi, Suraj, Kathiresan, and Janardhan discreetly assist the police in catching a gang that kidnapped four girls. One day, Mithran receives a cryptic text message on his phone from an anonymous number stating that they are aware of their discreet activities. In the evening, they go out to meet that person, who is revealed to be Mahima, a [[Forensic pathology|forensic pathologist]] and Mithran's ex-girlfriend. Later that same night, they happen to witness the murder of a social activist named Ramar, with the pretence of snatch theft. Mithran and his friend catch the gang and their leader and hand them over to the police. Four days later, the gang leader comes to the IPS headquarters with the [[Home Minister]].

This political and organised crime comes as a shock to Mithran and his friends. Mithran takes them to his house and shows his research on connecting all small, unrelated incidents into the global view of a hidden crime network, who bend the law for their own financial benefits. He singles out three influential people: pharmaceutical mogul Ashok Pandian, mineral magnate Charles Chelladurai and chieftain Perumal Swamy. When he tries following one, he realizes that all three of them work as a group, and they all work for a wealthy and influential scientist, Siddharth Abhimanyu. After the completion of his training, Mithran is awarded medals for specializing in dealing with [[organized crime]] during training and also for being the best probationer of the batch, and is posted as the [[Assistant Superintendent|ASP]] of the Organized Crime Unit.

Mithran discovers that Siddharth is Sengalvarayan's son Pazhani. After his release from prison, Pazhani had his name changed and left India to complete his education abroad. After his graduation, he returned to India and is now a well-established scientist. Siddharth uses the medical field for the wrong reasons and his own profit. Sengalvarayan is now the incumbent [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|Health Minister]] in the minority government headed by Tamizhvanan, who is now the [[Chief Minister|CM]]. At that time, Angelina, a Swiss pharmaceutical company owner and activist, tries to make [[Generic drug|generic medicines]] for life-threatening diseases available in India at a low cost affordable by poor people. Siddharth's assassin kills Angelina before she can sign the agreement document with the government and shoots Mithran at the same time and the assassin is eventually killed by Vicky another assassin of Sidddharth.

While Mithran is recovering from the gunshot wound in the hospital, an [[Covert listening device|electronic bug]] ([[Global Positioning System|GPS]] + audio transmitter) is implanted during surgery by Siddharth. Through the bug, Siddharth listens to all of Mithran's plans and continuously monitors his whereabouts and conversations via audio transmission. Then comes evidence against Siddharth in the form of Manimekalai. Manimekalai was a scientist at Siddharth's research lab, where a seaweed that can cure [[diabetes]] is found abundantly in the oceans. Siddharth tries to sell the technology and rights to extract medicine from the seaweed to multinational pharmaceutical companies, but is opposed by Manimekalai, so Siddharth hires goons who kill her. Before being killed, Manimekalai records a video and stores it in an [[SD card]] so that someone will find it.

Before Mithran can find the card, Siddharth notices this and assigns Vicky, Perumal Swamy's brother, to recover the card, but Mithran tells Jana to retrieve the card. He successfully gets the card after a fight with Vicky, but Sidhaarth hears through the bug,abducts Jana, beats him up and kills Jana through the help of Vicky after drugging him with Mithran being unable to save his friend . Mithran comes back to his special house, where he finds a pin that has been changed in a picture, which turns out to be the picture of Ananya, who was [[Miss World]] 2011 and a close acquaintance of Siddharth, whose girlfriend Shilpa was also part of that event. Mithran doubts whether Siddharth himself would have come to his house. Mahima checks the [[fingerprint]]s on the pin keeping the gun case Mithran received from Siddharth in his posting ceremony, and the fingerprints match. A flashback reveals that Siddharth had Shilpa's father killed through Perumal so that she would not participate in the competition, and as she will not have a ticket to attend her father's funeral, he offers to take her in his chartered flight and wins her over.

Mithran frantically searches for the bug, which he eventually finds and removes. Mithran captures Vicky and records all the information from him. He drugs Vicky with the help of his friends and manipulates Siddharth into killing him. At the same time, Siddharth's father reads the changed medical report, which contains excellent medical contracts for public welfare and multiple accusations against Tamizhvanan. When Siddharth learns about this, he asks Sengalvarayan to pretend to have chest pains and move outside to the hospital. The ruling party forces Sengalvarayan either to resign within 24 hours or be dismissed. Mithran appeals to Tamizhvanan that he has evidence and wants to arrest Siddharth, and he is granted permission to do so. Hence, Siddharth kills Sengalvarayan using Perumal in an accident and forces Tamizhvanan to stop actions against him, or he will lie that Tamizhvanan killed his father for personal vengeance and even reveals to Tamizhvanan that he was the one who actually killed the rebel earlier in the movie. However, the next day at Sengalvarayan's state funeral, Mithran arrests him on Tamizhvanan's orders after revealing to Siddharth that he already found where Sidharth had planted the bug on him.

When Siddharth is arrested, Mithran tells him that the medicine was patented in Manimekalai's name (despite Siddharth being the inventor) and will be made as a generic medicine instead of a patent-protected one. It is also revealed that Sengalvarayan is still alive, saved by Mithran and his gang, and the public funeral held was for Jana. Mithran makes a deal that he would save Siddharth's life for information and evidence on all of his criminal associates and activities, and gives him a [[bulletproof vest]] to fake his death during his transport to the court as Sengalvarayan even tries to convince Siddharth into wearing it despite knowing Siddharth tried to have him killed. Mithran planned to take down the setup planned by various VIPs to kill Siddharth by having his friend Suraj shoot him in an fake encounter and sentence him to a lifelong imprisonment. When one of them gets close to Siddharth, Mithran pushes him, and learns that Siddharth did not wear the vest and is fatally shot by Shilpa. Before dying, Siddharth tells Mithran that he hid all the evidence in an SD card in the bulletproof vest, adding that he had not done it for the nation, but because Mithran had asked for it. Mithran reveals the evidence to the public and concludes on how after reading a newspaper on Sidhaarth getting arrested in 1990 motivated him to become a police officer.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Ravi Mohan]] as [[Assistant Superintendent of Police|ASP]] Mithran [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
* [[Arvind Swamy]] as Dr. Siddharth Abhimanyu alias Pazhani Sengalvarayan
** Master Jack Robinson as young Pazhani Sengalvarayan
* [[Nayanthara]] as Dr. Mahima, a [[Forensic science|forensic specialist]] and a former [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]; Mithran's love interest
* [[Thambi Ramaiah]] as Sengalvarayan, the dim-witted Health Minister, Siddharth's father
* [[Ganesh Venkatraman]] as Shakthi [[Indian Police Service|IPS]], Mithran's batchmate and friend
* [[Harish Uthaman]] as Suraj Singh [[Indian Police Service|IPS]], Mithran's batchmate and friend
* [[Sricharan]] as Kathiresan [[Indian Police Service|IPS]], Mithran's batchmate and friend
* [[Rahul Madhav]] as Janardhan [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] "Jana", Mithran's batchmate and friend
* [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu|C.M]] Thamizhvanan
* [[Vamsi Krishna]] as Vicky, Perumal Swamy's brother
* [[Ashish Vidyarthi]] as [[Deputy Commissioner of Police|DCP]] Sivasubramaniam [[Indian Police Service|IPS]], Mithran's father
* [[Suhasini Maniratnam]] as Saradha, Mithran's mother
* [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]] as Ramaswamy, Mahima's father
* [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]] as Janaki, Mahima's mother
* [[Nagineedu]] as Ashok Pandian
* [[Madhusudhan Rao (actor)|Madhusudhan Rao]] as Perumal Swamy
* [[Saiju Kurup]] as Charles Chelladurai
* [[Mugdha Godse]] as Shilpa, Siddharth's lover
* [[Abhinaya (actress)|Abhinaya]] as Manimekalai, Siddharth's junior scientist
* [[Junior Balaiah]] as Raman, social activist
* R. M. Ramnath Shetty as a doctor
* [[Anil Murali]] as Murali, Siddharth's Laboratory Security
* Kalesh
* Krishkanth
* [[Ajay Rathnam]] as [[Deputy Superintendent of Police|DCP]] Krishnaswamy
* Sindhu as child smuggler's wife
* [[Sanjana Singh]] as Ammulu, child smuggler's concubine
* Sharad as Kumar
* [[Sriranjani (Tamil actress)|Sriranjini]] as Mrs. Raman
* Sathish as Police Inspector
* Birla Bose as [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] officer
* Thamizhselvi as doctor's wife
* Akilesh as child smuggler's son
* Maha Gandhi as child smuggler
* Aathma Patrick as henchman
* [[Hiphop Tamizha Adhi]] as himself in the song "Theemai Dhaan Vellum"
}}

==Production==

=== Development ===
In February 2013, [[Ravi Mohan]] stated he would work under his brother [[Mohan Raja]]'s direction, and that he had been working on the script for the past six months.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2013 |title=Jayam Ravi to work with brother again |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/jayam-ravi-to-work-with-brother-again-592067.html |access-date=2025-08-24 |website=[[News18]] |language=en |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}</ref> Unlike his earlier ventures which were mainly remakes, he was said to have developed an original story concept.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2015 |title=Thani Oruvan is like an extension of Vijay's Velayudham, says director |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/thani-oruvan-this-film-is-like-an-extension-of-vijays-velayudham-says-the-director-m-raja-290012-2015-08-24 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2013 |title=Jayam Ravi shoots with Nayanthara |url=http://www.chennaivision.com/news/2013/60328.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923203009/http://www.chennaivision.com/news/2013/60328.php |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=7 December 2013 |website=Chennai Vision}}</ref> Raja said, "This film is close to my heart; it's an experimental script and I've put my heart and soul in penning it".<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{cite web |date=7 December 2013 |title=Ravi, Nayanthara shoot flashback scene |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Ravi-Nayanthara-shoot-flashback-scene/movie-review/26966025.cms |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706215847/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Ravi-Nayanthara-shoot-flashback-scene/movie-review/26966025.cms |archivedate=6 July 2015 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=13 June 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film began without a title and was referred to by the tentative title, ''Thani Oruvan'', which was confirmed as the film's official title in June 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 June 2014 |title=Jayam Ravi's film titled Thani Oruvan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Jayam-Ravis-film-titled-Thani-Oruvan/articleshow/36484566.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706030334/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Jayam-Ravis-film-titled-Thani-Oruvan/articleshow/36484566.cms |archive-date=6 July 2015 |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=24 August 2025 }}</ref> It was produced by [[AGS Entertainment]], who agreed to finance the project as early as 2008, but was stalled after Ravi got an opportunity to act in ''[[Engeyum Kadhal]]'' (2011).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srinivasan |first=Sudhir |date=2015-07-25 |title=Cracking the bro code |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/director-raja-on-his-family-and-thani-oruvan/article7464506.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240325135848/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/director-raja-on-his-family-and-thani-oruvan/article7464506.ece |archive-date=25 March 2024 |access-date=2025-08-28 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
In July 2013, Nayanthara signed on to be part of the project.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 July 2013 |title=Nayanthara confirms Jayam Ravi film! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/nayanthara-confirms-jayam-ravi-film-news-tamil-nhvqTGiiajc.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722122726/http://www.sify.com/movies/nayanthara-confirms-jayam-ravi-film-news-tamil-nhvqTGiiajc.html |archive-date=22 July 2013 |work=[[Sify]] |access-date=13 June 2014 }}</ref> Raja said he cast Nayanthara opposite Ravi because he "wanted a matured actress like her to be a part of the film".<ref name="silverscreen">{{Cite web |date=25 August 2015 |title=Thani Oruvan Is Neither Remake Nor 'Freemake': The M Raja Interview |url=http://silverscreen.in/tamil/features/thani-oruvan-is-neither-remake-nor-freemake-the-m-raja-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829072107/https://silverscreen.in/tamil/features/thani-oruvan-is-neither-remake-nor-freemake-the-m-raja-interview/ |archive-date=29 August 2018 |access-date=31 August 2015 |website=Silverscreen.in}}</ref> [[Ganesh Venkatraman]] was cast for a pivotal role, and the actor told that the film focuses on friendship and that he, Ravi and Nayanthara played friends in the film.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Nayan-goes-rafting-rappelling-and-mountain-climbing/articleshow/32303508.cms Nayan goes rafting, rappelling and mountain climbing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601092739/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/nayan-goes-rafting-rappelling-and-mountain-climbing/articleshow/32303508.cms |date=1 June 2024 }}. ''Times of India''.</ref> In July 2014, it was later revealed that [[Arvind Swamy]] would be playing the antagonist.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 July 2014 |title=Aravind Swamy is the villain in 'Thani Oruvan' |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/aravind-swamy-is-the-villain-in-thani-oruvan-news-tamil-oh3s0Gdbddhig.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730023850/http://www.sify.com/movies/aravind-swamy-is-the-villain-in-thani-oruvan-news-tamil-oh3s0Gdbddhig.html |archive-date=30 July 2014 |work=[[Sify]] |access-date=31 July 2014 }}</ref> Raja wanted to cast an actor "whose attractiveness would act as a distraction from his evilness. And I chose one of the most attractive male actors in this country for that role".<ref name="silverscreen" /> Hindi actress [[Mugdha Godse]] was paired opposite Arvind Swamy, marking her Tamil debut.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2015 |title=Mugdha Godse to pair with Arvind Swami |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Mugdha-Godse-to-pair-with-Arvind-Swami/articleshow/46702319.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401065625/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Mugdha-Godse-to-pair-with-Arvind-Swami/articleshow/46702319.cms |archive-date=1 April 2015 |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=28 March 2015 }}</ref>

=== Crew ===
[[Devi Sri Prasad]], [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] and [[S. Thaman]] were first reported to be the music composers of the film,<ref name="crow" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jayam Ravi-Nayanthara film titled Thani Oruvan |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/jayam-ravi-nayanthara-film-titled-thani-oruvan-news-tamil-ognlm7jhfdgsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140616032219/http://www.sify.com/movies/jayam-ravi-nayanthara-film-titled-thani-oruvan-news-tamil-ognlm7jhfdgsi.html |archive-date=16 June 2014 |website=Sify}}</ref> with the latter revealing that he had been in talks.<ref name="behindwoods.com" /> However, [[Hiphop Tamizha]] was finalised as the music director in March 2015.<ref name="cast">{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M. |title=Hip Hop Tamizha's music for Thani Oruvan |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/Hip-Hop-Tamizhas-music-for-Thani-Oruvan/articleshow/46661996.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150331001927/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/Hip-Hop-Tamizhas-music-for-Thani-Oruvan/articleshow/46661996.cms |archive-date=31 March 2015 |access-date=29 August 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> The film's cinematography was handled by [[Ramji (cinematographer)|Ramji]], and [[V. T. Vijayan]] was at first in charge of the editing, but was later replaced by [[Gopi Krishna (film editor)|Gopi Krishna]].<ref name="Flicks">{{Cite web |last=Flicks |first=Studio |date=2015-07-05 |title=Thani Oruvan movie cast and crew |url=https://www.studioflicks.com/news/thani-oruvan-movie-cast-and-crew/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706163509/https://www.studioflicks.com/news/thani-oruvan-movie-cast-and-crew/ |archive-date=6 July 2020 |access-date=2020-07-06 |website=StudioFlicks |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Stunt Silva]] and [[Dhilip Subbarayan]] choreographed the action sequences, while the choreography for the songs were handled by [[Brinda (choreographer)|Brinda]].<ref name="Flicks" />

=== Filming ===
The principal photography for this film kickstarted on 6 December 2013,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131207210605/http://www.sify.com/movies/ravi-nayanthara-film-starts-rolling-news-tamil-nmhkuejhcbh.html Ravi & Nayanthara film starts rolling]. Sify.com (7 December 2013). Retrieved on 19 September 2015.</ref> with a two-day schedule in [[Chennai]] at [[Binny Mills]] where a railway station set had been erected, and romantic flashback portions involving Ravi Mohan and Nayanthara were shot.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com" /> The crew then moved to [[Bangalore]] in January 2014, where filming was held at a police training college.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2014 |title=Ravi and Nayan film shifts to Bengaluru |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140120/entertainment-kollywood/article/ravi-and-nayan-film-shifts-bengaluru |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906002957/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140120/entertainment-kollywood/article/ravi-and-nayan-film-shifts-bengaluru |archive-date=6 September 2017 |access-date=13 June 2014 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> As of February 2014, filming was underway in [[Mahabalipuram]], [[Bangalore]], Sri Ramanujar Engg College, Vandalur and [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=10 February 2014 |title=The 'one and only' Jayam Ravi |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-14/the-title-of-the-new-jayam-raja-jayam-ravi-film-is.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419175549/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-14/the-title-of-the-new-jayam-raja-jayam-ravi-film-is.html |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=25 April 2014 |work=behindwoods.com}}</ref> In March, Ravi stated that the team had also shot in [[Rishikesh]], [[Dehradun]] and that the third schedule was currently happening in [[Mussoorie]].<ref name="behindwoods.com">{{Cite web |title=The progress of Thani Oruvan |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-14/the-progress-of-thani-oruvan.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607192353/http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-14/the-progress-of-thani-oruvan.html |archive-date=7 June 2014 |access-date=13 June 2014 |website=behindwoods.com}}</ref> This film was shot on [[Film stock|film]],<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/thani-oruvan-might-be-the-last-movie-shot-on-film-261486-2015-09-06 Thani Oruvan might be the last movie shot on film] . Indiatoday.intoday.in (6 September 2015). Retrieved on 2018-01-22.</ref> by cinematographer Ramji, which he feels may be the last Indian film to be shot in this format as the industry has moved to digital filming. The film's budget was initially planned to be ₹15 crores but surpassed ₹20 crores due to delay and [[Cost overrun|budget overrun]], Raja and Ravi had to forgo their salaries in order to complete the film.<ref name="crow">[http://www.moviecrow.com/News/9502/thani-oruvan---jayam-raja--ravi-emotional-break-down 'Thani Oruvan – Reasons why Jayam Raja and Ravi emotionally broke down' Tamil Movie, Music Reviews and News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217072353/http://www.moviecrow.com/News/9502/thani-oruvan---jayam-raja--ravi-emotional-break-down |date=17 December 2015 }}. Moviecrow.com. Retrieved on 19 September 2015.</ref> As of April 2015, the makers have completed 80% of the film's shoot, with three of the songs being needed to be canned, which were completed in June 2015, along with the completion of the film's [[principal photography]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=R |first=Manigandan K. |title=Three songs left to be shot in Thani Oruvan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Three-songs-left-to-be-shot-in-Thani-Oruvan/articleshow/45688950.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601093249/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Three-songs-left-to-be-shot-in-Thani-Oruvan/articleshow/45688950.cms |archive-date=1 June 2024 |access-date=2020-06-08 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Filming was completed by July.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-06 |title=Thani Oruvan audio in July and release in August |url=https://www.nowrunning.com/thani-oruvan-audio-in-july-and-release-in-august/110189/story.htm |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=Nowrunning |language=en}}</ref>

==Music==
{{Main|Thani Oruvan (soundtrack)}}
''Thani Oruvan''<nowiki/>'s soundtrack album and background score was composed by [[Hiphop Tamizha]]. The album features five songs, four of them penned by the composer, and one written by Mohan Raja. Following the success of his debut independent album [[Hip Hop Tamizhan]], Mohan Raja advised Adhi to compose the tracks with the essence of his independent music project. As a result, he composed two songs based on the [[Indie Music|indie music]] format.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M. |title=A return to indie roots for Adhi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/A-return-to-indie-roots-for-Adhi/articleshow/48667899.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601093253/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/A-return-to-indie-roots-for-Adhi/articleshow/48667899.cms |archive-date=1 June 2024 |access-date=2020-07-06 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> The soundtrack album was released on 25 July 2015 at the [[Suryan FM 93.5|Suryan FM 93.5 Radio Station]], with the presence of the film's cast and crew.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2015 |title=Thani Oruvan Audio Launch |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/photos/thani-oruvan-audio-launch-3142-slide-23344 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601093334/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/photos/thani-oruvan-audio-launch-3142-slide-23344 |archive-date=1 June 2024 |access-date=29 August 2015 |website=International Business Times, India Edition}}</ref> Actor Aravind Swamy had recorded his voice over for "Theemai Dhan Vellum", which was used as a promotional song and was not featured in the film.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Theemai Dhaan Vellum' song promo |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/telugu/Thani-Oruvan-Theemai-Dhaan-Vellum-song-promo/videoshow/53665871.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601093256/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/telugu/Thani-Oruvan-Theemai-Dhaan-Vellum-song-promo/videoshow/53665871.cms |archive-date=1 June 2024 |access-date=2020-07-06 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> This was later reused as "Manishi Musugulo Mrugam Neney Ra" in the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] remake of the film, ''[[Dhruva (2016 film)|Dhruva]]'' (2016).

==Release==
===Theatrical and distribution===
[[Sun Pictures]] initially signed a contract for the distribution rights for the film; they later opted out after numerous failures of Ravi and negative talk about the film; later AGS Entertainment, the production house of the film itself, acquired the distribution rights.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} The film was initially slated to release on 14 August 2015,{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} coinciding with the [[Independence Day (India)|Independence Day]] weekend, later the release was postponed to avoid a clash with ''[[Vasuvum Saravananum Onna Padichavanga]]'' and ''[[Vaalu]]'', which were slated to release on the same day.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} The film was scheduled for a solo release on 28 August 2015.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} The film's USA theatrical rights were sold to Atmus Entertainment, and was released in more than 18 screens in the USA.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

=== Home media ===
The film's television premiere took place on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] on 1 May 2016, coinciding with [[May Day]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2016 |title=Thani Oruvan to premiere on Republic Day |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/Thani-Oruvan-to-premiere-on-Republic-Day/articleshow/51991087.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601094341/https://gum.criteo.com/syncframe?origin=publishertag&topUrl=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |archive-date=1 June 2024 |access-date=2020-07-06 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Reception==
===Box office===
The film collected {{INRConvert|14.50|c}} in [[Tamil Nadu]] in first day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-08-30 |title=Thani Oruvan box office collection: The film opens to a good start |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/thani-oruvan-box-office-collection-the-film-opens-to-a-good-start-290941-2015-08-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601094327/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/thani-oruvan-box-office-collection-the-film-opens-to-a-good-start-290941-2015-08-30 |archive-date=1 June 2024 |access-date=2020-05-19 |website=India Today}}</ref> It also collected US$1.87 Million in the United States. In Chennai, the film earned ₹1.28 crore in its first weekend; in its second weekend the film collected ₹1.06 crore at the box office. The total collection of the film by the end of 18 days was ₹34.86 crore.{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}} The film collected more than {{Indian Rupee|}}65 crore within 10 days of its release at the worldwide collections.{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}

''Thani Oruvan'' completed 50 days of theatrical run, in which the film's worldwide collection was estimated to be over ₹150 crore.{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}

=== Critical response ===
The film opened to critical acclaim, with praise for the direction, screenplay, storyline, pacing and the performances of Ravi Mohan and Thambi Ramaiah but especially Aravind Swamy.

''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 4 out of 5 and wrote "''Thani Oruvan'' is a bit too long [..] And even though it is a plot-driven film, the film gives us well-rounded characters, who lend the slightly far-fetched story plausibility".<ref name="Thani Oruvan Movie Review">{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M. |title=Thani Oruvan Movie Review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Thani-Oruvan/movie-review/48719649.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170707093456/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thani-oruvan/movie-review/48719649.cms |archive-date=7 July 2017 |access-date=29 August 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Baradwaj Rangan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "''Thani Oruvan'' makes the most of the sustained cat-and-mouse game between Mithran and Siddharth. The authors (Subha), are credited as co-writers, and this is the first time their pulp sensibility really shines through", calling it "a pretty, smart pulpy thriller".<ref name="Baradwaj Rangan">{{Cite news |last=Baradwaj Rangan |date=28 August 2015 |title=Thani Oruvan review: Ravi Mohan, Arvind Swami, Nayantara in a pretty smart, pulpy thriller |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/thani-oruvan-review-a-pretty-smart-pulpy-thriller/article7591277.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407212718/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/Thani-Oruvan-review-A-pretty-smart-pulpy-thriller/article62135898.ece |archive-date=7 April 2024 |access-date=29 August 2015 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> ''[[Rediff]]'' stated "Thoughtfully etched-out characters add depth and intensity to the narration, while great music and impressive cinematography enhance the overall experience".<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2015 |title=Review: Thani Oruvan is brilliant |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-thani-oruvan-is-brilliant-south/20150828.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151213164901/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-thani-oruvan-is-brilliant-south/20150828.htm |archive-date=13 December 2015 |access-date=29 August 2015 |website=Rediff}}</ref> [[Sify]] wrote, "Powered by a staggering performance from Ravi Mohan and Arvind Swamy, director Mohan Raja does a good job of creating a taut, intelligent, and deliciously twisted action drama that delivers so much more than your average thriller...what makes ''Thani Oruvan'', an enjoyable watch is its, original screenplay, the smart presentation and excellent characterisation".<ref name="sify.com">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150830233801/http://www.sify.com/movies/thani-oruvan-review--pi2pehgcjfbjg.html Review : Thani Oruvan]. Sify.com. Retrieved on 19 September 2015.</ref> ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' gave it 3.5 stars and wrote, "With the use of technology, an emphasis on slyness and mind over matter, director M. Raja and his team have crafted a film that is sure to keep you at the edge of your seat while entertaining you thoroughly in the process".<ref name="Deccan Chronicle">{{Cite web |date=29 August 2015 |title=Movie review 'Thani Oruvan': A thriller that hardly misses a note |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150829/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-thani-oruvan-thriller-hardly-misses-note |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601093452/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150829/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-thani-oruvan-thriller-hardly-misses-note |archive-date=1 June 2024 |access-date=1 September 2015 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> ''[[IBN Live]]'' rated the film 3.5 out of 5 and wrote "The film stands on one and a half legs because Siddharth Abhimanyu will rank among the best villains whereas Mithran IPS will miss the mark in the heroes section by a large margin, Nayanthara is deliciously comfortable in her role as Mahima".<ref name="IBN Live">{{Cite web |title='Thani Oruvan' review: The film doesn't let you down |url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/movies/thani-oruvan-review-the-film-doesnt-let-you-down-1054793.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601093452/https://www.news18.com/ |archive-date=1 June 2024 |access-date=15 September 2015 |website=IBN Live}}</ref> The core idea of implanting GPS and transmitter was reported to be based on the 2010 Korean movie ''[[I Saw The Devil]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2017 |title='முத்து' முதல் 'விஸ்வரூபம்' வரை... தமிழ் சினிமாவின் லாஜிக் குளறுபடிகள் ! #MovieMistakes |url=https://www.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/97834-mistakes-in-tamil-movies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601093451/https://www.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/97834-mistakes-in-tamil-movies |archive-date=1 June 2024 |access-date=24 March 2021}}</ref>

===Accolades===
{{main|List of accolades received by Thani Oruvan}}

== Sequel ==
In July 2019, Ravi Mohan and director Mohan Raja, planned for the film's sequel, which was expected to start rolling in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jayam Ravi confirms 'Thani Oruvan 2' and his brother's film with Vijay! |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/jayam-ravi-confirms-thani-oruvan-2-and-his-brothers-film-with-vijay-news-tamil-th3kebggjicce.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729220817/https://www.sify.com/movies/ravi-mohan-confirms-thani-oruvan-2-and-his-brothers-film-with-vijay-news-tamil-th3kebggjicce.html |archive-date=29 July 2019 |access-date=2020-07-06 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=2018-08-29 |title=Coming soon: Thani Oruvan 2 |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/290818/coming-soon-thani-oruvan-2.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601093456/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/290818/coming-soon-thani-oruvan-2.html |archive-date=1 June 2024 |access-date=2020-07-06 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref>{{Update inline |date=April 2024}}

== Remakes ==
The film was remade in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Dhruva (2016 film)|Dhruva]]'' (2016) with Arvind Swamy reprising his role.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suresh |first=Kavirayani |date=19 February 2016 |title=Ram Charan's new movie launched |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/190216/ram-charan-new-movie-launched.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160824105554/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/190216/ram-charan-new-movie-launched.html |archive-date=24 August 2016 |access-date=15 August 2016 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=23 February 2016 |title=Ram Charan to start filming 'Thani Oruvan' Telugu remake from March |url=http://www.news18.com/news/movies/ram-charan-to-start-filming-thani-oruvan-telugu-remake-from-march-1206653.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009042121/http://www.news18.com/news/movies/ram-charan-to-start-filming-thani-oruvan-telugu-remake-from-march-1206653.html |archive-date=9 October 2016 |access-date=15 August 2016 |work=[[News18.com]] |publisher=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}</ref> It was also remade in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] as ''[[One (2017 film)|One]] ''(2017).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ganguly |first=Ruman |date=21 November 2016 |title=Prosenjit in a negative role |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Prosenjit-in-a-negative-role/articleshow/55538067.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161204033405/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Prosenjit-in-a-negative-role/articleshow/55538067.cms |archive-date=4 December 2016 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=28 August 2025 }}</ref>

== Legacy ==
Thani Oruvan was listed in Top 20 Best Films of 2015, by Baradwaj Rangan of The Hindu,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |date=2015-12-26 |title=2015 Round-up: Top 20 Tamil films |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/roundup-of-top-20-tamil-films-of-2015/article8031697.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706163453/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/roundup-of-top-20-tamil-films-of-2015/article8031697.ece |archive-date=6 July 2020 |access-date=2020-07-06 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> and was also listed in Top 10 Best Films of the year by Sify.<ref>{{Cite web |title=10 Best Tamil Films of 2015 7 |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/10-best-tamil-films-of-2015-imagegallery-kollywood-pm5m5Nejbcaja.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231182359/http://www.sify.com/movies/10-Best-Tamil-Films-of-2015-imagegallery-Kollywood-pm5m5Nejbcaja.html |archive-date=31 December 2015 |access-date=2020-07-06 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> Daily news and Analysis also listed in their "Ten Tamil movies of 2015, you should never miss"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Latha |date=2015-12-28 |title=Best of 2015: Ten Tamil movies that were a must watch this year! |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-best-of-2015-ten-tamil-movies-you-shouldn-t-miss-2160109 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601094525/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-best-of-2015-ten-tamil-movies-you-shouldn-t-miss-2160109 |archive-date=1 June 2024 |access-date=2020-07-06 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{M. Raja}}
{{AGS Entertainment}}

[[Category:2015 Indian films]]
[[Category:2010s police films]]
[[Category:2015 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2015 action thriller films]]
[[Category:2015 crime action films]]
[[Category:2015 crime thriller films]]
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[[Category:AGS Entertainment films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Tamil Nadu Police]]
[[Category:Films about kidnapping in India]]
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[[Category:Films about security and surveillance]]
[[Category:Films directed by Mohan Raja]]
[[Category:Films scored by Hiphop Tamizha]]
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[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Kallalagar Temple

2026-05-03T20:27:57Z

Donnell05T: Adding A Place W/ Infobox

{{Short description|Perumal temple in Madurai district, Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Kallalagar Temple
| image = Kallazhagar (31).jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in [[Madurai]]
| coordinates = {{coord|10.074136|78.214356|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = India
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Madurai district|Madurai]]
| locale = [[Alagar Kovil]], [[Madurai]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = {{Plainlist|
* Kallalagar (Sundararaja Perumal) ([[Vishnu]])
* Kalyana (Sundaravalli Thayar) ([[Lakshmi]])
}}
| festivals = {{Plainlist|
* Float festival
* Chitirai Thiruvila
* [[Navaratri]]
* [[Vaikunta Ekadashi]]
}}
| tower = Somachandra Vimanam
| architecture = [[Tamil architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website = https://alagarkoilkallalagar.hrce.tn.gov.in
}}

'''Kallalagar''' '''Temple''' or '''Kallazhagar Temple''' or "Kallalazhagar Temple", also known by its own toponym Thirumaliruncholai,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thirumaliruncholai {{!}} Pandiyanadu Divyadesams Tour Packages {{!}} 4 Days Yatra |url=https://www.108divyadesam.com/Thirumaliruncholai.html |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=www.108divyadesam.com}}</ref> is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to the God [[Vishnu]] in [[Alagar Koyil]], a village in [[Madurai district]] in the South Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Constructed in the [[Tamil Architecture|Tamil Style of Architecture]], the temple is glorified in the ''[[Divya Prabandha|Naalayira Divya Prabandham]]'', the early medieval [[Tamil literature|Tamil]] canon of the [[Alvars|Azhvar]] saints from the 6th–9th centuries CE. It is one of the 108 ''[[Divyadesam|Divya Desams]]'' dedicated to Vishnu, who is worshiped as Kallalagar, and his consort [[Lakshmi]] as Thirumagal.<ref>{{cite book|title=108 Vaishnavite Divya Desams: Divya desams in Pandya Nadu|last= M. S. |first=Ramesh|publisher= Tirumalai-Tirupati Devasthanam|year=1993}}</ref> This temple is called as ''Thirumaliruncholai'' in [[Sangam literature|Sangam literatures]] and [[Naalayira Divya Prabandham]] sung by Tamil Alvar saints.

A granite wall surrounds the temple, enclosing all its shrines. The temple has a seven-tiered raja[[gopuram]]. The temple is surrounded by a large fort, part of which is dilapidated.

Kallalagar is believed to have appeared to redeem sage Suthapava off his curse from Sage [[Durvasa]]. The temple follows [[Thenkalai|Tenkalai]] tradition of worship. Six daily rituals and many yearly festivals are held at the temple, of which the float festival during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil]] month of ''Masi'' (February–March), [[Navrathri]] during September–October and [[Vaikunta Ekadasi|Vaikunta Ekadashi]] during ''Margazhi'' (December–January) being the most prominent. The temple is maintained and administered by the [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].<ref>[http://www.tnhrce.org/hrce_act_1959.html Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Act, 1959]</ref>

==Legend==
[[File:Kallazhagar (23).jpg|200px|left|thumb|The gateway towers of the temple]]
As per Hindu legend, Sage Suthapas was taking bath in Nupura Ganga at Alagar Hill and did not pay heed to sage [[Durvasa]], who was passing by. The enraged Durvasa cursed Suthapas that he would turn into a frog until he is redeemed of his curse by Sundararajar, who is also known as Kallalagar. Suthapas, who is named as ‘Manduka [[Maharishi]]’ because of his frog form, performed penance on the banks of river [[Vaigai]], which is otherwise known as Vegavathi, at Thenur. Kallalagar descended from his abode in Alagar Hill to redeem Manduka Maharishi off his curse. Since days unknown, it is believed that Kallalagar comes to Thenur via Malaipatti, Alanganallur and Vayalur. In Thenur Mandap, the lord redeems the sage of his curse and leaves for his abode. "During Thirumalai Nayak regime (1623 to 1659 CE), in 1653 the Manduka Maharishi relieving ritual was shifted to Vandiyur village where the event is performed at Thennur Mandapam, built by Thirumalai Nayak himself".<ref name="dinamalar"/>

As per another Hindu legend, the presiding deity was worshiped by [[Yama]], the god of death. He requested Vishnu to stay in the place and built a temple with the help of [[Vishvakarma]], the divine architect.<ref>{{cite book|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&q=alvar+thirunagari|page=18|first=Roshan|last=Dalal|publisher=Penguin Books India|year=2010|isbn=9780143414216}}</ref>

==Architecture==
{{Multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
|align=left
| total_width = 300
| width1 = 1263 | height1 = 2821
| width2 = 1185 | height2 = 3010
|direction=horizontal
|image1=Kallazhagar (17).jpg
|caption1=Ulagalantha Perumal, Vishnu's [[Vamana]] avatar
|image2=Kallazhagar (20).jpg
|caption2=Varaha Avatar, the boar form of Vishnu
}}
[[File:Kallazhagar (21).jpg|250px|thumb|Pillared halls of Kalyana Mandapam, where rare Vijayanagara period images are housed in the sculpted pillars]]
Kallalagar temple covers an area of about {{convert|2|acre|hectare|abbr=on}} and has a seven-tiered ''[[gopuram]]'' (gateway tower). The temple in enclosed in a rectangular enclosure with huge granite walls. The central shrine houses the image of the presiding deity in standing posture. The images of Sridevi and [[Bhūmi|Bhudevi]] are also housed in the sanctum. There two life size images of [[Narasimha]], the [[avatar]] of Vishnu. One of them is shown holding the demon Hiranya and other slaying him.<ref name=Rao>{{cite book|title=Temples of Tamil Nadu|last=Rao|first=A.V.Shankaranarayana|publisher=Vasan Publications|isbn=978-81-8468-112-3|year=2012|page=229–31|ref=Rao}}</ref> There are separate shrines of Sundaravalli Nachiyar, Andal, Sudarshana and Yoga Narasimha around the shrines of the sanctum.<ref name=Meena/>

The temple houses some rare Vijayanagara sculptures similar to the ones present in [[Soundararajaperumal Temple, Thadikombu]], [[Krishnapuram Venkatachalapathy temple]], [[Srivilliputhur Divya Desam]] and [[Jalakandeswarar Temple, Vellore]].<ref name=Gopal>{{cite journal|title=The Raṅga-maṇḍapa of the Tāṭikkompu Temple A Study of an Iconographic Programme of the Vijayanagara Tradition|journal=East and West|volume=46|last=S.|first=Gopalakrishnan|issue=3/4|date=December 1996|jstor=29757285|pages=415–431}}</ref>

The architecture of the Alagar temple corresponds to any of those of south Indian temples, with large gopurams and pillared [[mandapa]]ms. The gopuram of the Karuppa swamy shrine depicts the passionate side of human relationship in the form of beautiful statues. Apart from these, it also depicts the evolution of cultural aspects of the local society including a depiction of an Englishman in British police uniforms.<ref name="dinamalar"/>

The main tower entrance (''Mukya Gopuram'') always remains closed, with the shrine of [[Karuppa swamy|Karupana Swami]]. The steps behind the closed door is worshipped as ''Patinettaam padi Karuppan'' (meaning, the black deity who occupies the eighteen steps). There are various legends associated with it. Once a year, the doors are opened and ''[[Sudarshana Chakra]]'' (Chakrathalvar), the celestial discus, passes over through the open door. This is a centuries-old practice, where even the festive deity of the presiding deity is not allowed to pass through the doors.<ref name="dinamalar"/>

The famous [[Vaishnava]] works in Tamil, belonging to the early 4th to 6th centuries point that to this temple as a Vishnu temple. The [[Sangam age]] [[Cilappatikaram]] belonging to 3rd century CE, points out to this temple as a Vishnu temple. During 2013, while cleaning the area in front of Karupana Samy shrine, a big Teppakulam was discovered, filled with sand and covered with dense undergrowth.<ref name="dinamalar"/>

==Religious significance==
{{Multiple image
| caption_align = center
| header_align = center
| align = right
| total_width = 300
| width1 = 1417
| height1 = 3159
| width2 = 1500
| height2 = 3220
| direction = horizontal
| image1 = Kallazhagar (13).jpg
| caption1 = [[Garuda]], [[vahana]] of Vishnu carrying him
| image2 = Kallazhagar (12).jpg
| caption2 = [[Narasimha]], an [[avatar]] of Vishnu slaying Hiranyakashupu
}}

Kallalagar temple is revered in ''[[Nalayira Divya Prabhandam|Naalayira Divya Prabhandam]]'', the 7th–9th century Vaishnava canon, by [[Periazhwar|Periyalvar]] and [[Peyazhwar|Peyalvar]]. The temple is classified as a ''[[Divyadesam]]'', one of the 108 Vishnu temples that are mentioned in the book. During the 18th and 19th centuries, the temple finds mention in several works like ''108 Tirupathi Anthathi'' by Divya Kavi Pillai Perumal Aiyangar.<ref name="dinamalar" />There are many waterbodies associated with the temple like Pandava, Hanuman, Uttara Narayana, Garuda. The ablution to the presiding deity is performed with waters from these tanks. The water from other sources, if used, is believed to turn the image to black colour.{{cn|date=December 2022}}

==Religious practises and festival==
The temple follows the traditions of the [[Thenkalai|Tenkalai]] sect of Vaishnavite tradition and follows ''Vaikanasa aagama''. In modern times, the temple priests perform the ''[[puja (Hinduism)|pooja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. As at other Vishnu temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavaite]] community, a Brahmin sub-caste. Six daily rituals are held at various times of the day and many yearly festivals are held at the temple, of which the float festival during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil]] month of ''Masi'' (February–March), [[Navrathri|Navaratri]] during September–October and [[Vaikunta Ekadasi]] during ''Margali'' (December–January) being the most prominent. There are weekly, monthly and fortnightly rituals performed in the temple.<ref name="dinamalar">{{cite web|title=Kallazhagar temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/new.php?id=695|publisher=Dinamalar|access-date=31 May 2014|year=2014}}</ref> ''Abhishekam'', ablution of the presiding deity, is performed only with the waters from Noopura Ganga, a lake on the top of the hill. Water from other sources is not used as it is believed to decolour the image.<ref name=Meena>{{cite book|title=Temples in South India|last=V.|first=Meena|publisher=Harikumar Arts|location=Kanniyakumari|pages=15–16}}</ref>

Every year during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of ''[[Chaitra|Chithirai]]'' (April-May), [[Chithirai Thiruvizha|Chithirai Thiruvila]] is celebrated. [[Chithirai Thiruvizha|Chithirai Thiruvila]] is a yearly event of the marriage of [[Meenakshi Amman Temple|Meenakshi]], believed to be Alagar's sister.<ref name=A>{{cite book|title=Temples of South India|last=Anantharaman|first=Ambjuam|publisher=East West|edition=second|year=2006|isbn=978-81-88661-42-8|page=127}}</ref> The first 15 days of the event is celebrated in [[Madurai]] for the arrangements between Meenakshi and Sundareswarar, while the next 15 days is about Alagar making preparations for her marriage. The main event is Kallalagar crossing the Vaigai river. Ethir Sevai is a part of the Chithirai Thiruvizha of the Kallazhagar temple at Alagar Koyil and begins on the fourth day. On this day, Alagar or Lord Vishnu changes his appearance as Kallar and travels via Kallar Nadu and enters Madurai and the city’s residents welcome him.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/divine-wedding-under-lockdown-chithirai-festival-at-madurai-meenakshi-temple/story-qZotuPYKznlpKznD1LGg4O.html|title=Chithirai festival|work=[[hindustantimes]]|date=2020-05-04 |accessdate=2023-07-06}}</ref> Millions of people gather in Madurai to witness this event. While Kallalagar enters the river, he learns that his sister's marriage is already over, he returns to Karuparayar Mandapam and then he takes ten [[avatar]]s and finally returns to Alagar Kovil. This temple obtained a new [[Temple car|car]], after 300 years, built with a team of 15 artisans using ''vengai'' tree wood for the structure and Burma teakwood for sculptures. The trial run was held on 6 July 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/alagarkoil-gets-new-car-after-300-years/article7393575.ece |title=Alagarkoil gets new car after 300 years |work=The Hindu |date=7 July 2015 |access-date=6 December 2015}}</ref> The temple is one of the major tourist attraction in the region.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Top Ten Temple Towns of India|publisher=Mark Age Publication|first=S.C.|last=Karkar|location=Kolkota|isbn=978-81-87952-12-1|year=2009|page=21}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|20em}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Alagar_Koyil}}
{{Famous Vishnu temples}}

[[Category:Divya Desams]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Madurai]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Madurai]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures in Madurai]]

Razia Sultan

2026-05-02T11:08:46Z

Donnell05T:

{{Short description|Sultan of Delhi from 1236 to 1240}}
{{other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox royalty
| title = [[Padshah]]
| full name = Raziyyat-Ud-Dunya Wa Ud-Din
| image = Painting of Razia Sultana of the Delhi Sultanate, from the lacquer-binding cover of a manuscript of Tulsi Das' 'Ramcharitmanas', ca.1830–36.jpg
| caption = Painting of Razia Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate, from the lacquer-binding cover of a manuscript of Tulsi Das' 'Ramcharitmanas', {{circa|1830–36}}
| succession = 5th [[Sultan of Delhi]]
| reign = 19 November 1236 − {{Nowrap|20 April 1240}}
| predecessor = [[Ruknuddin Firuz]]
| successor = [[Muizuddin Bahram]]
| house = [[Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)|Mamluk]]
| father = [[Iltutmish]]
| mother = Turkan Khatun
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Malik Altunia|Ikhtiyaruddin Altunia]]|September 1240}}
| birth_date = {{circa}} 1205<ref>{{Cite book |title=Smithsonian "TIMELINES OF EVERYONE" |publisher=DK |year=2020 |isbn=9781465499967 |edition=1st |location=U.S. U.K. |publication-date=2020 |pages=63 |language=English}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Budaun]], [[Ghurid Empire]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1240|10|15|1205|||df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Kaithal]], [[Delhi Sultanate]]
| burial_place = Bulbuli Khana near [[Turkman Gate]], Delhi
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
| regnal name = Jalâlat-ud-Dîn Razia
}}
'''Raziyyat-Ud-Dunya Wa Ud-Din''' ({{langx|fa|{{nq|سلطان رضیه الدنیا والدین}}}}; {{circa|1205}} – 15 October 1240), popularly known as '''Razia Sultan''', was the Sultan of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] from 1236 until her deposition in 1240. She was the first female [[Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent|Muslim]] ruler of the [[Indian Subcontinent]], and the only female Muslim ruler of Delhi.

A daughter of [[Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)|Mamluk]] Sultan [[Shamsuddin Iltutmish]], Razia administered Delhi from 1231 to 1232 when her father was busy in the [[Gwalior]] campaign. According to a possibly [[apocrypha]]l legend, impressed by her performance during this period, Iltutmish nominated Razia as his [[heir apparent]] after returning to Delhi. Iltutmish was succeeded by Razia's half-brother [[Ruknuddin Firuz]], whose mother [[Shah Turkan]] planned to execute her. During a rebellion against Ruknuddin, Razia instigated the general public against Shah Turkan, and ascended the throne after Ruknuddin was deposed in 1236.

Razia's ascension was challenged by a section of nobles, some of whom ultimately joined her, while the others were defeated. The [[Turkic people|Turkic]] nobles who supported her expected her to be a figurehead, but she increasingly asserted her power. This, combined with her appointments of non-Turkic officers to important posts, led to their resentment against her. She was deposed by a group of nobles in April 1240, after having ruled for less than four years. She married one of the rebels – [[Malik Altunia|Ikhtiyaruddin Altunia]] – and attempted to regain the throne, but was defeated by her half-brother and successor [[Muizuddin Bahram]] in October that year, and was killed shortly after.

== Names and titles ==

Razia's name is also transliterated as Raḍiyya{{sfn|Peter Jackson|2003|p=46}} or Raziyya.{{sfn|Guida M. Jackson|1999|p=341}} The term "Sultana", used by some modern writers, is a misnomer as it means "the king's wife" rather than "female ruler". Razia's own coins call her ''Sultan Jalalat al-Duniya wal-Din'' or as ''al-Sultan al-Muazzam Raziyat al-Din bint al-Sultan''. The [[Sanskrit]]-language inscriptions of the Sultanate call her ''Jallaladina'', while near-contemporary historian [[Minhaj-i-Siraj|Minhaj]] calls her ''Sultan Raziyat al-Duniya wa'l Din bint al-Sultan''.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=237}} Another masculine title, ''[[padshah]] (badshah)'' was also given to Razia.<ref>{{Cite journal |editor-last=Harwood |editor-first=Philip |editor-link=Philip Harwood |title=The Queen's Indian Title |journal=[[Saturday Review (London newspaper)|Saturday Review: Politics, Literature, Science and Art]] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.95006/page/n395/mode/2up |date=25 March 1876 |volume=41 |issue=1,065 |pages=397 |publisher=Published at the Office, Southampton Street, Strand |language=en |quote=In the thirteenth century a woman, the celebrated Queen Raziya, ascended the throne of Delhi and reigned for the brief space of four years. She bore the title of ''Sultan'' and was sometimes called ''Badshah''. |via=the Internet Archive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |editor=[[A. V. Williams Jackson]] |url=https://www.ibiblio.org/britishraj/Jackson5/chapter05.html |title=History of India|chapter=Raziya, The Mohammedan Empress of India |date=1907 |publisher=Grolier Society |language=en|volume=5|pages=104|quote=It will be noted that Minhaj always speaks of the queen as “Sultan,” since this title, or that of Padshah, “king,” was given to her,}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author=[[Henry Miers Elliot]] |editor=[[John Dowson]] |title=[[The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians]]|volume=2|page=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924073036729/page/332/mode/1up 332]|quote=The queen is always called "Sultán" and "Bádsháh," not Sultána, as by Briggs and Elphinstone. }}</ref>

== Early life ==

Razia was born to the Delhi Sultan [[Iltutmish|Shamsuddin Iltutmish]], an Ilbari [[Turkic people|Turkic]] slave (''mamluk'') of his predecessor [[Qutb ud-Din Aibak]]. Razia's mother – Turkan Khatun was a daughter of Qutb ud-Din Aibak,{{sfn|Guida M. Jackson|1999|p=341}}{{sfn|Sudha Sharma|2016|p=141 quote|ps=:"But as per Abu-Umar-i-Usman Minhaj-ud-din Siraj (Tabaqat-iNasiri), Turkan Khatun was the name of Razia's mother and not of this lady [Shah Turkan]."}} and the chief wife of Iltutmish.{{sfn|Peter Jackson|2003|p=46}} Razia was the eldest daughter of Iltutmish, and probably his first-born child.{{sfn|Peter Jackson|2003|p=46}}

== Ascension to the throne ==

Iltutmish had groomed his eldest son [[Nasiruddin Mahmud (eldest son of Iltutmish)|Nasiruddin Mahmud]] to be his successor, but this son died unexpectedly in 1229.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=230}} According to historian [[Minhaj-i-Siraj]], Iltutmish believed his other sons were absorbed in pleasurable activities, and would be incapable of managing the state affairs after his death. While leaving for his [[Gwalior]] campaign in 1231, Iltutmish left his daughter Razia as in-charge of Delhi's administration. Razia performed her duties so well that after returning to Delhi, Iltutmish decided to name her as his successor.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|pp=230–231}} Iltutmish ordered his officer ''mushrif-i mamlakat'' Tajul Mulk Mahmud Dabir to prepare a decree naming Razia as the [[heir apparent]].{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=230}} When his nobles questioned this decision on the basis that he had surviving sons, Iltutmish replied that Razia was more capable than his sons.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=231}}

However, after Iltutmish's death, the nobles appointed his son [[Ruknuddin Firuz]] as the new king. Possibly, during his last years, Iltutmish had agreed to appoint a son as his successor. This is suggested by the fact that after becoming seriously ill, he had recalled Ruknuddin from Lahore to Delhi.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=231}} Another possibility is that the legend of Iltutmish nominating Razia as his successor is a false story circulated by Razia's supporters after her ascension. Minhaj is the only near-contemporary source that narrates this legend, and he did not witness the events or the alleged decree himself: he was in Gwalior at the time, and did not return to Delhi until 1238.{{sfn|Peter Jackson|2003|p=46}}

Ruknuddin was not an able ruler, and left the control of administration to his mother [[Shah Turkan]]. The duo's blinding and execution of Iltutmish's popular son Qutubuddin, combined with Shah Turkan's high-handedness, led to rebellions by several nobles, and even the ''[[vizier|wazir]]'' (prime minister) ''Nizamul Mulk'' Junaidi joined the rebels.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=235}} This situation became worse, when the Turkic-origin slave officers close to Ruknuddin planned killings of the sultanate's ''Tazik'' (non-Turkic) officers. This led to the murders of several important Tazik officers, including Junaidi's son Ziyaul Mulk and Tajul Mulk Mahmud, who had drawn up the decree declaring Razia as the heir apparent.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|pp=235–236}} While Ruknuddin marched towards [[Kuhram]] to fight the rebels, Shah Turkan planned to execute Razia in Delhi. At a [[jumu'ah|congregational prayer]], Razia instigated the general public against Shah Turkan. A mob then attacked the royal palace and detained Shah Turkan. Several nobles and the army pledged allegiance to Razia, and placed her on the throne,{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=236}} making her the first female Muslim ruler in South Asia.{{sfn|Muzaffar Husain Syed|2011|p=231}} Ruknuddin marched back to Delhi, but Razia sent a force to arrest him: he was imprisoned and probably executed on 19 November 1236, having ruled for less than 7 months.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=236}}

Razia's ascension to the throne of Delhi was unique not only because she was a woman, but also because the support from the general public was the driving force behind her appointment. According to the 14th century text ''Futuh-us-Salatin'', she had asked the people to depose her if she failed to meet their expectations.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=237}}

== Opposition to ascension ==

From the beginning of her reign, Razia faced stiff opposition from nobles of [[Turkic people|Turkic]] origin. She had ascended the throne with the support of the general public of Delhi rather than that of the powerful Turkic-origin provincial governors. Razia attempted to offset the power of the Turkic nobility by creating a class of non-Turkic nobles, which led to further opposition from the Turkic nobles.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=238}}

''Nizamul Mulk'' Muhammad Junaidi, a 'Tazik' (non-Turkic) officer who had held the post of the ''[[vizier|wazir]]'' (prime minister) since Iltutmish's time,{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=225}} refused to accept her ascension. He was joined by four Turkic nobles, who had also rebelled against Razia's predecessor Ruknuddin. These nobles included ''Malik'' Izzuddin Muhammad Salari of [[Badaun]], ''Malik'' Izzuddin Kabir Khan Ayaz of [[Multan]], ''Malik'' Saifuddin Kuchi of [[Hansi]], and ''Malik'' Alauddin Jani of [[Lahore]].{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=235, 238}} When these nobles marched against Razia from different directions, she sought help from ''Malik'' Nusratuddin Taisi, whom she had appointed as the governor of [[Awadh]]. However, shortly after crossing the Ganges on his way to Delhi, Taisi was captured by Kuchi's forces and died in captivity.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=238}}

Razia then led an army out of the [[fortified]] city of Delhi to fight the rebels and set up a camp on the banks of the [[Yamuna River]]. After some indecisive skirmishes, the rebel leaders Muhammad Salari and Izzuddin Kabir Khan Ayaz decided to join Razia. They secretly met with Razia, and the group planned to arrest other rebel leaders, including Junaidi.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=238}} However, Junaidi and other rebel leaders learned about the plan, and escaped, pursued by Razia's forces. Saifuddin Kuchi and his brother Fakhruddin were captured, imprisoned, and later executed. Junaidi fled to the [[Sirmaur district|Sirmaur hills]] and died there. Alauddin Jani was killed at the Nakawan village, and his head was later brought to Delhi.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=239}}

== Reign ==
[[File:Miniature painting of Razia Sultana holding court ("durbar") with identifying inscriptions, by Gulam Ali Khan, circa 19th century.jpg|thumb|Miniature painting of Razia Sultan holding ''[[Durbar (court)|durbar]]'' with identifying inscriptions, by Gulam Ali Khan, circa 19th century.]]
Immediately after ascending the throne, Razia made several important appointments.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|pp=239–240}} She appointed Khwaja Muhazzabuddin as her new ''[[vizier|wazir]]'' (prime minister), and conferred the title ''Nizamul Mulk'' upon him. Muhazzabuddin had earlier served as deputy to the previous ''wazir'' Junaidi. Razia appointed ''Malik'' Saifuddin Aibek Bahtu as the in-charge of her army, and conferred the title ''Qutlugh Khan'' upon him. However, Saifuddin died soon after, and Razia appointed ''Malik'' Qutubuddin Hasan Ghuri to the newly created office of ''naib-i lashkar'' (in-charge of the army). Razia assigned the [[iqta']] of Lahore, formerly held by the slain rebel Alauddin Jani, to ''Malik'' Izzuddin Kabir Khan Ayaz, the rebel who had joined her.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=239}} Razia appointed her loyalists to imperial household positions, including ''Malik-i Kabir'' Ikhtiyaruddin Aitigin as ''Amir-i Hajib'' and ''Malik'' [[Jamal-ud-Din Yaqut|Jamaluddin Yaqut]] as ''Amir-i Akhur''.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=240}}

Minhaj mentions that soon, all the nobles from [[Gauḍa (city)|Lakhnauti]] in the east to [[Debal]] in the west acknowledged her authority.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=239}} Razia's first military campaign directed at non-rebels was an invasion of [[Ranthambore Fort|Ranthambore]], whose [[Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura|Chahamana]] ruler had asserted his sovereignty after Iltutmish's death. Razia directed ''Malik'' Qutubuddin Hasan Ghuri to march to Ranthambore: he was able to evacuate the Turkic nobles and officers from the fort, but was unable to subjugate the Chahamanas. The Chahamanas, in alliance with the [[Mewat]]is, captured a large part of present-day north-eastern [[Rajasthan]], and carried out guerilla war around Delhi. Razia also sent a force to re-assert Delhi's control over [[Gwalior]], but this campaign had to be aborted.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=239}}

During Razia's reign, the [[Shia Islam|Shias]] revolted against the [[Sultanate]], but the rebellion was suppressed.{{sfn|Guida M. Jackson|1999|p=342}} In a major incident, the Shia [[Qarmatians]] carried out an attack on the [[Jama masjid]] in [[Delhi]]. The Qarmatian leader Nuruddin Turk had earlier condemned the [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Shafi‘i]] and [[Hanafi]] doctrines, and had gathered nearly 1,000 supporters from Delhi, [[Gujarat]], [[Sindh]], and [[Ganga-Yamuna Doab|the Doab]]. On 5 March 1237, he and his supporters entered the mosque, and started killing the Sunnis assembled there for the [[Jumu'ah|Friday prayers]], before being attacked by the citizens.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=243}}

In 1238, Malik Hasan [[Qarlughids|Qarlugh]], the former [[Khwarazmian dynasty|Khwarazmian]] governor of [[Ghazni]], faced a threat from the [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]]s, and sent his son to Delhi, probably to seek a military alliance against the Mongols. Razia received the prince courteously, assigned him the revenues of [[Bulandshahr|Baran]] for his expenses, but refused to form an alliance against the Mongols.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|pp=243–244}}

== Overthrow ==

The nobles who supported Razia intended her to be a figurehead, but she increasingly asserted herself. For example, her initial coins were issued with her father's name, but by 1237–1238, she had started issuing coins solely in her own name.{{sfn|Peter Jackson|2003|p=47}} [[Isami (historian)|Isami]] mentions that initially, she observed [[purdah]]: a screen separated her throne from the courtiers and the general public, and she was surrounded by female guards. However, later, she started appearing in public dressed in traditional male attire, wearing a cloak (''qaba'') and a hat (''kulah''). She rode on elephants through the streets of Delhi, making public appearances like the earlier Sultans.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=240}}

Razia's increasing assertiveness and her appointment of non-Turkic people to important posts created resentment among the Turkic nobles.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=240}} The post of ''Amir-i Akhur'' had previously been held by officers of Turkic origin, and Yaqut was of [[Abyssinia]]n origin: therefore, Razia's Turkic officers resented this appointment.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=240}} Chroniclers such as Isami, [[Yahya bin Ahmad Sirhindi|Sirhindi]], [[`Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni|Badauni]], [[Firishta]], and [[Nizamuddin Ahmad]] attribute Razia's intimacy with Yaqut as a major cause of her downfall.{{sfn|Sudha Sharma|2016|p=141}}

In 1238–1239, ''Malik'' Izudin Kabir Khan Ayaz – the governor of [[Lahore]] – rebelled against Razia, and she marched against him, forcing him to flee to [[Sodhra]]. Because the area beyond Sodhra was controlled by the [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]], and because Razia continued to pursue him, Izzuddin was forced to surrender and accept Razia's authority once again. Razia treated him leniently; she took away the [[iqta'|iqta]] of Lahore from him, but assigned him the iqta of [[Multan]], which Iltutmish had assigned to Ikhtiyaruddin Qaraqash Khan Aitigin.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|pp=240–241}}

Razia had recalled Ikhtiyaruddin Aitigin, a Turkic slave purchased by Iltutmish, to her court in Delhi, and made him ''Amir-i Hajib''. She had also bestowed favours upon another slave of Iltutmish – Ikhtiyaruddin Altunia, by assigning him first the iqta of [[Bulandshahr|Baran]], and then, the iqta of [[Bhatinda|Tabarhinda]]. However, these two officers conspired with other Turkic officers to overthrow her, while she was away on the Lahore campaign.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=241}} Razia arrived in Delhi on 3 April 1240, and learned that Altunia had rebelled against her in Tabarhinda. Unaware that other nobles in Delhi had joined Altunia in conspiring against her, Razia marched towards Tabarhinda ten days later. At Tabarhinda, the rebel forces killed her loyalist Yaqut, and imprisoned her.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=242}}

According to Minhaj, Razia ruled for 3 years, 6 months, and 6 days.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=243}}

== Death ==

When the news of Razia's arrest reached Delhi, the rebel nobles there appointed Muizuddin Bahram – a son of Iltutmish – on the throne.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=242}} He formally ascended the throne on 21 April 1240, and the nobles pledged allegiance to him on 5 May 1240.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=244}} The nobles expected the new king to be a figurehead, and intended to control the affairs of the state through the newly created office of ''naib-i mamlakat'' (equivalent to regent), which was assigned to Ikhtiyaruddin Aitigin. However, the new king had Ikhtiyaruddin Aitigin assassinated within 1–2 months.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|pp=242–244}}

After deposing Razia, the nobles at Delhi had distributed important offices and iqtas among themselves, ignoring claims of Ikhtiyaruddin Altunia, who had arrested Razia at Tabarhinda. After Aitigin's death, Altunia lost all hope of realizing any benefits from Razia's overthrow, and decided to ally with her. Razia also saw this as an opportunity to win back the throne, and married Altunia in September 1240. The two were supported by some other disgruntled Turkic nobles, including ''Malik'' Qaraqash and ''Malik'' Salari.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=242}}

Altunia assembled an army, which according to [[Abdul Malik Isami]], included [[Khokhars]], [[Jats]], and [[Rajput]]s. In September–October 1240, Sultan Muizuddin Bahram led an army against the forces of Altunia and Razia, and defeated them on 14 October 1240. Altunia and Razia were forced to retreat to [[Kaithal]], One later source has them murdered by bandits while fleeing, asleep under a tree outside Kaithal. It is more likely that she and her husband were murdered by their captors on 13 October 1240. {{sfn|Lyons|2022}}{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|p=242}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gabbay|first=Alyssa|date=1 January 2011|title=In Reality a Man: Sultan Iltutmish, His Daughter, Raziya, and Gender Ambiguity in Thirteenth Century Northern India|url=http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/a_gabbay_reality_2011.pdf#page4|journal=[[Journal of Persianate Studies]]|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|volume=4|issue=1|page=48|doi=10.1163/187471611X568285|issn=1874-7094|eissn=1874-7167|lccn=2008236337|access-date=11 July 2021|via=[[UNCG University Libraries]]|quote=The troops accompanying the couple abandoned them, and both Raziya and her husband were killed near Kaithal on 25 Rabiʿ I 638/14 October 1240.}}</ref>

She remains the only woman to have sat upon the throne of Delhi.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Srivastava|first=Ashirbadi Lal|title=The Sultanate of Delhi (711-1526 A.D.) 4th edition|publisher=Shiva Lal Agarwala & Co. (P.) Ltd.|year=1964|location=Agra|pages=105–106}}</ref>

== Tomb ==
[[File:Tomb of Rajia Sultana3.jpg|thumb|Graves of Razia and her sister]]
The grave of Razia is located at Mohalla Bulbuli Khana near [[Turkman Gate]] in [[Old Delhi]].<ref name="TH_tomb"/> The 14th century traveler [[Ibn Batuta]] mentions that Razia's tomb had become a pilgrimage centre:{{sfn|Peter Jackson|2003|p=46}} A dome had been built over it, and people sought blessings from it.{{sfn|Guida M. Jackson|1999|p=341}}

Razia's grave is said to have been built by her successor and half-brother Bahram. Another grave, said to be of her sister Shazia, is located beside her grave. Razia was a devotee of the [[Sufi]] saint Shah Turkman Bayabani, and the place where she is buried is said to be his hospice ([[khanqah]]).<ref>Rana Safvi, ''The Forgotten Cities of Delhi''. Quote: "The lanes leading to her tomb are very confusing and one has to ask for directions at Bhojala Pahari. There is an ASI board which leads into Bulbuli Khana. At the end of some narrow, dingy lanes is another stone sign by ASI, which announces the last resting place of South Asia's first female monarch."</ref>{{page needed|date=January 2020}}

Today, the site is largely neglected: the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] performs annual maintenance to it, but has been unable to beautify it further because it is surrounded by illegal construction, and is approachable only through a narrow, congested lane. In the late 20th century, the local residents re-constructed the old mosque of the hospice ([[khanqah]]).<ref name="TH_tomb">{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/a-forgotten-tomb/article5007006.ece |title=A forgotten tomb |author=Syed Abdullah Zaini |date=9 August 2013 }}</ref>

A ruined building in [[Kaithal]] is purported to be the site of Razia's original grave.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://haryanatourism.gov.in/Destination/tomb-of-razia-sultan |title=Tomb of Razia Sultan |publisher=Haryana Tourism |access-date=10 January 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Sukhbir Siwach|date=13 June 2014 |title=Kaithal farmer stands in way of Razia Sultan memorial {{!}} Chandigarh News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/kaithal-farmer-stands-in-way-of-razia-sultan-memorial/articleshow/36458964.cms |access-date=26 April 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

==Coins==
Coins of Razia are found in silver and [[billon (alloy)|billon]]; one gold coin of Bengal style is also known. Silver Tankas were issued from both Bengal (Lakhnauti) and Delhi. Initially she issued coins from Delhi in the name of her father Iltumish citing the title ''Nasrat'' i.e. female title of ''Nasir''.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Stan Goron |author2=J. P. Goenka |title=The Coins of the Indian Sultanates |year=2001 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |isbn=9788121510103 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kE8aAAAAYAAJ |page=26 }}</ref>

<gallery style="text-align:center" caption="Razia's jaital's Billon coins" mode="packed">
Razia Budayun D104.jpg|Budayun Type
Razia Budayun D105.jpg|Delhi Type
Razia Budayun D106.jpg|Delhi Type
Razia Jital.JPG|Billon ''jital'' coin of Razia
</gallery>

== In popular culture ==
'''Films'''

* ''Razia Begum'' (1924) was an [[Cinema of India#Silent films (1890s–1920s)|Indian silent film]] by Nanubhai B. Desai and Bhagwati Prasad Mishra.
* [[Devendra Goel]] directed ''Razia Sultana'', a 1961 Indian [[Hindi]]-language film which starred [[Nirupa Roy]] in the titular role.
* A notable portrayal was by [[Hema Malini]] in the 1983 biopic ''[[Razia Sultan (film)|Razia Sultan]]'' by [[Kamal Amrohi]].<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen1999">{{cite book|last1=Rajadhyaksha|first1=Ashish|last2=Willemen|first2=Paul|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian cinema|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofi0000raja|url-access=registration|accessdate=12 August 2012|year=1999|publisher=British Film Institute|isbn=9780851706696 }}</ref>

'''Television'''

* In 2015, [[& TV]] aired ''[[Razia Sultan (TV series)|Razia Sultan]]'', a TV series on the life of Razia, starring [[Pankhuri Awasthy]] as Razia and [[Rohit Purohit]] as Altunia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/tv-show-about-women-emperor-razia-sultan-launched/|title=TV show about women emperor Razia Sultan launched|last=PTI|publisher=Indian Express|date=4 February 2015|access-date=18 January 2020}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |editor=Guida M. Jackson |title=Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9791576070917 |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9791576070917/page/341 341] |year=1999 |publisher=ABC-Clio |isbn=978-1-57607-091-8 }}
* {{cite book |author=Peter Jackson |author-link=Peter Jackson (historian) |title=The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lt2tqOpVRKgC&pg=PA29 |year=2003 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-54329-3 }}
* {{cite journal|last=Lyons|first=Mathew|year=2022|title=Death of Sultan Razia|journal=[[History Today]]|volume=72|issue=10|page=26|url=https://www.historytoday.com/archive/months-past/death-sultan-razia|url-access=subscription}}
* {{cite book |author=K. A. Nizami |author-link=K. A. Nizami |chapter=The Early Turkish Sultans of Delhi |editor1=Mohammad Habib |editor2=Khaliq Ahmad Nizami |title=A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206-1526) |volume=5 |edition=Second |year=1992 |publisher=The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_9cmAQAAMAAJ |oclc=31870180 }}
* {{cite book |author=Sudha Sharma |title=The Status of Muslim Women in Medieval India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yF4lDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT141 |year=2016 |publisher=Sage |isbn=978-93-5150-565-5 }}
* {{cite book |editor=Muzaffar Husain Syed |title=Concise History of Islam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eACqCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA231 |year=2011 |publisher=Vij Books |isbn=978-93-82573-47-0 }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.projectcontinua.org/sultan-raziyya-bint-iltutmish/ Project Continua: Biography of Sultan Raziyya bint Iltutmish]

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Sultans of the Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)]]
[[Category:13th-century queens regnant]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:1240 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:13th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:13th-century Indian women]]
[[Category:13th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Islam and women]]
[[Category:Women monarchs in Asia]]
[[Category:Indian queens regnant]]
[[Category:13th-century murdered monarchs]]

Mohitosh Purkayastha

2026-04-20T04:53:15Z

Donnell05T: done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mohitosh Purkayastha
| image =
| birth_date =
| death_date =
| birth_place =
| alma_mater =
| death_place =
| office = Member of the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 1972
| term_end = 1978
| predecessor = [[Satindra Mohon Dev]]
| successor = [[Nurul Huda (CPI(M) politician)|Nurul Huda]]
| constituency = [[Silchar Assembly constituency|Silchar]]
| term_start1 =
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| constituency1 =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| children =
| source =
}}

'''Mohitosh Purkayastha''' is an Indian politician. He was elected to the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] from [[Silchar Assembly constituency|Silchar constituency]] in the [[1972 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Assam Assam Results,Assam Candidate List,Assam Assam Results & Live Updates ,Assam Polling Booths {{!}} Lokmat News |url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/elections/assembly-election/assam/silchar/previous-result/amp/ |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=Lokmat Times |language=en}}</ref> as a member of the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/3995-assam-1972/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Assam |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=8 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://assamassembly.gov.in/mla-1972-78.html
|title=Assam Legislative Assembly - MLA 1972-78
|website=Assam Legislative Assembly|accessdate=30 October 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Purkayastha, Mohitosh}}
[[Category:Assam MLAs 1972–1978]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Assam]]
[[Category:People from Cachar district]]

{{Assam-INC-politician-stub}}

Basna Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:20:25Z

Donnell05T: stub!

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Chhattisgarh State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Basna
| mla = [[Sampat Agrawal]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| state = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| district = [[Mahasamund district|Mahasamund]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Mahasamund (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mahasamund]]
| established = 2003
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:224581}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/chhattisgarh-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |title=State Election, 2023 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate=25 January 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2029|1}}
| type = SLA
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| constituency_no = 40
| map_image = Basna Assembly constituency map.svg
}}
'''Basna''' is one of the 90 [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Chhattisgarh]] state in [[India]].<ref name=ceoMap>{{cite web |url=https://ceochhattisgarh.nic.in/en/new-maps-assembly-constituency |title=New Maps of Assembly Constituency |website=ceochhattisgarh.nic.in |accessdate= 3 February 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Mahasamund district|Mahasamund]] district.

== Members of Legislative assembly ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
! colspan=4|[[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|Jaideo Gadadhar
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Rajkumar Birendra Bahadur Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|[[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Abdul Hamid Dani
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|K. M. Bahadur Singh
|-
|[[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Laxman Jaideo
|-
|[[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Birendra Bahadur Singh Lal Bahadur
|-
|[[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="2" |Mahendra Bahadur Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)}}
|-
|[[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Laxman Jaydev Satpathi
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| rowspan="2" |Mahendra Bahadur Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]<ref name=election1998>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3737-madhya-pradesh-1998/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 December 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
! colspan=4|[[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2003 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]<ref name="election2003">{{cite web |title=State Election, 2003 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3882-chhattisgarh-2003/ |accessdate=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
|Dr. Trivikram Bhoi
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2008 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name="election2008">{{cite web |title=State Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3883-chhattisgarh-2008/ |accessdate=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
|Devendra Bahadur Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3884-chhattisgarh-2013/ |title=State Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate= 31 December 2021}}</ref>
|[[Rupkumari Choudhary]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name=election2018/>
|Devendra Bahadur Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|[[Sampat Agrawal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly Election, 2023]]: Basna<ref name=election2023/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Sampat Agrawal]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 108,871
|percentage = 57.80
|change = +37.05
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Devendra Bahadur Singh|party=Indian National Congress|votes=72,078|percentage=38.27|change=-0.23}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the Above]]|party=None of the above|votes=1,443|percentage=0.77|change=-0.62}}
{{Election box majority||votes=36,793|percentage=19.53|change=+9.55}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=188,342|percentage=83.86|change=-2.05}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly Election, 2018]]: Basna<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9643-statistical-data-of-general-election-to-chhatisgarh-assembly/ |title=Statistical data of General Election to Chhatisgarh Assembly - 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |accessdate= 3 February 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Devendra Bahadur Singh
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 67,535
|percentage = 38.50
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Sampat Agrawal]]|party=Independent politician|votes=50,027|percentage=28.52|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Durgacharan Patel|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=36,394|percentage=20.75|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Trilochan Nayak Lungiwala|party=Janta Congress Chhattisgarh|votes=7,758|percentage=4.42|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Anamika Paul|party=Independent politician|votes=2,475|percentage=1.41|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Mahendra Sao|party=Independent politician|votes=2,123|percentage=1.21|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Kaleshwar Yadav|party=National Democratic Peoples Front|votes=1,753|percentage=1.00|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the Above]]|party=None of the above|votes=2,431|percentage=1.39|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=17,508|percentage=9.98|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=175,405|percentage=85.91|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Mahasamund district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh}}

{{coord|21.28|82.82|display=title}}

[[Category:Mahasamund district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Politics of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:2003 establishments in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2003]]

Inspired Teacher

2026-04-19T16:24:04Z

Donnell05T: Adding New Stub Initial Version.

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox award
| name = Inspired Teacher
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| subheader = Civilian award for top performing faculties at the [[Central University, India|Central Universities]]
| awarded_for =
| sponsor = [[Government of India]]
| firstawarded = 2015
| lastawarded = 2016
| reward =
| former name =
| award1_type = Total awarded
| award1_winner = 44
| website =
| previous =
| next =
}}

'''Inspired Teacher''' (alternatively termed '''President's Inspired Teacher''') is the highest [[Indian honours system|civilian recognition]] for University-level teachers in the [[Republic of India]] in the form of an in-residence program with the [[President of India]] at [[Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi]]. This recognition is not related to the [[National Award for Teachers (India)|National Award for teachers]], which is the highest recognition for school teachers. The Inspired Teacher honour is instituted by the [[President of India]] in 2015 to recognize top performing faculties at the [[Central University, India|Central Universities]] and to give a platform to have their voice heard among the top bureaucrats to solicit suggestions from teachers on educational policy matters. Nomination of one faculty member by the respective Central Universities in India for participation to the In-residence Program at the Rashtrapati Bhavan consists of student feedback, teaching quality, and research output analyses. The recognized Inspired Teachers are invited for a one-week-long [http://www.presidentofindia.nic.in/cuinspiredteachers.htm In-Residence programme] with the [[President of India]] at the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web| title=List of inspired teachers from central universities | date=June 2015 | url=http://presidentofindia.nic.in/writereaddata/Portal/PressRelease/1577/1_LIST_OF_INSPIRED_TEACHERS.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622132246/http://presidentofindia.nic.in/writereaddata/Portal/PressRelease/1577/1_LIST_OF_INSPIRED_TEACHERS.pdf | archive-date=2015-06-22}}</ref>

==History==

[[Pranab Mukherjee]], the former [[President of India]], instituted Inspired Teacher recognition in 2015. The in-residence programme for inspired teachers was announced by the President at the annual conference of vice-chancellors of [[Central Universities (India)|central universities]] on February 5, 2015. The [[President of India]] had defined an Inspired Teacher as an academic who is a value-oriented, mission-driven, self-motivated and result-oriented individual who works towards impacting the environment in a positive manner through his own actions as well as by imparting knowledge amongst students to help them achieve their potential.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=122441| title = An Inspired Teacher links individual goals of students to the societal and national goals, says President}}</ref> An Inspired Teacher links the individual goals of the students to the societal and national goals. The President, in his address during an interaction with the Inspired Teachers, quoted a statement from the Greek novelist [[Nikos Kazantzakis]], which he believed outlined his vision of a true teacher. Nikos Kazantzkis had said: “True teachers are those who use themselves as bridges over which they invite their students to cross; then, having facilitated their crossing, joyfully collapse, encouraging them to create their own”.<ref>{{Cite web| title=List of inspired teachers from central universities | date=June 2015 | url=http://presidentofindia.nic.in/writereaddata/Portal/PressRelease/1577/1_LIST_OF_INSPIRED_TEACHERS.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622132246/http://presidentofindia.nic.in/writereaddata/Portal/PressRelease/1577/1_LIST_OF_INSPIRED_TEACHERS.pdf | archive-date=2015-06-22}}</ref>

The President instituted Inspired Teacher recognition as a means to give dignity and recognition to quality teachers. It was essential that such Inspired Teachers be recognized so that they have motivation and drive. The Inspired Teachers were invited for one week ‘In Residence’ programme at Rashtrapati Bhavan as part of this endeavour.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.rediff.com/news/report/president-hosts-inspired-teachers-at-rashtrapati-bhavan/20150618.htm| title = President hosts Inspired Teachers at Rashtrapati Bhavan - Rediff.com}}</ref>
[[File:Replica of Bust of Buddha Gupta Dynasty CA 500 at Durbar Hall, Rashtrapati Bhavan.jpg|thumb|right|One of the Presidential gifts as part of the 2015 Inspired Teacher recognition]]

31 teachers were recognized with the "President's Inspired Teacher" award for 2015.<ref>[http://presidentofindia.nic.in/writereaddata/Portal/PressRelease/1577/1_LIST_OF_INSPIRED_TEACHERS.pdf 2015 list of Inspired Teachers]</ref>

13 teachers were recognized with the "President's Inspired Teacher" award for 2016.<ref>[http://presidentofindia.nic.in/writereaddata/Portal/PressRelease/2177/1_List_of_Participants_of_Inspired_Teachers_23-29_April_2016_.pdf 2016 list of Inspired Teachers]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=122441
*http://presidentofindia.nic.in/writereaddata/Portal/PressRelease/1577/1_LIST_OF_INSPIRED_TEACHERS.pdf
*http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/prez-took-notes-as-we-spoke-varsity-teachers/93907.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622153738/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/prez-took-notes-as-we-spoke-varsity-teachers/93907.html |date=2015-06-22 }}
*http://www.rediff.com/news/report/president-hosts-inspired-teachers-at-rashtrapati-bhavan/20150618.htm
*http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/stay-at-rashtrapati-bhavan-an-inspiration-say-teachers/
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150622133304/http://www.metroindia.com/education/article/20/04/2015/need-to-teach-indian-science-to-students-professor-felix/1783 Article title]}}
*http://presidentofindia.nic.in/writereaddata/Portal/PressRelease/2177/1_List_of_Participants_of_Inspired_Teachers_23-29_April_2016_.pdf

{{morecat|date=September 2025}}
[[Category:Civil awards and decorations of India]]

Prashant Pandey (lyricist)

2026-04-18T09:58:08Z

Donnell05T: made a info - done

{{Short description|Indian lyricist and songwriter}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Prashant Pandey
| image = File:Sajni Re Lyricist Prashant Pandey.jpg
| imagesize =
| alt =
| caption =
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Mandsaur district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = Lyricist, songwriter
| education =
| alma_mater =
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks =
| spouse =
| partner =
| children =
| relatives =
| awards = [[Filmfare Awards|Filmfare Award]] [[International Indian Film Academy Awards|IIFA Award]] [[Iconic Gold Awards|Iconic Gold Award]]
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| portaldisp =
}}
'''Prashant Pandey''' is an Indian [[lyricist]] and [[songwriter]] who works in Hindi films, web series, and independent music.<ref name=":52">{{Cite news |title=प्रशांत पांडे को फिल्मफेयर में बेस्ट लिरिक्स सम्मान:'लापता लेडीज' के गाने 'ओ सजनी रे' के लिए मिला पुरस्कार |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/mp/mandsaur/garoth/news/prashant-pandey-receives-filmfare-best-lyrics-award-136152902.html |access-date=8 November 2025 |work=Dainik Bhaskar}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=iifa awards में मध्य प्रदेश की भी धूम, लापता लेडीज के गाने का दिखा जलवा |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/madhya-pradesh-chhattisgarh/mp/prashant-pandey-wins-best-lyricist-awards-in-iifa-awards-for-o-sajni-re-song-lapata-ladies/2680155 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=Zee-Madhya-Pradesh-Chhattisgarh |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":53">{{Cite web |date=2025-03-12 |title=O Sajni Re... सॉन्ग आंगनवाड़ी वर्कर के बेटे ने लिखा, मिला IIFA अवॉर्ड, डिप्टी CM ने दी बधाई |url=https://www.aajtak.in/madhya-pradesh/story/prashant-pandey-who-won-the-best-lyricist-award-for-writing-the-song-o-sajni-re-from-laapataa-ladies-lcln-dskc-2188400-2025-03-12 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=AajTak |language=hi}}</ref> He is the recipient of the [[Filmfare Awards|Filmfare Award]], [[International Indian Film Academy Awards|IIFA Award]], [[Iconic Gold Awards|Iconic Gold Award]], and for Best Lyricist for the song "[[Sajni (song)|Sajni]]" from the 2024 Hindi film ''[[Laapataa Ladies]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Nominations for 70th Filmfare Awards 2025 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2025/nominations |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-10 |title=IIFA Awards 2025 full list of winners: Laapataa Ladies sweeps most major awards, Kartik Aaryan takes home Best Actor |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/iifa-awards-2025-full-list-of-winners-laapataa-ladies-sweeps-most-major-awards-kartik-aaryan-takes-home-best-actor-101741576413133.html |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Pandey was born in [[Suwasra]], a town in the [[Mandsaur district]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]], India.<ref name=":53" /> His father, Devendra Pandey, and mother, Manjula Pandey, are government employees.<ref name=":53" />

He was interested in music and singing from childhood and later developed an interest in [[songwriting]] and composition during his college years.<ref name=":0" /> After obtaining a degree in [[software engineering]], he worked in a private company while continuing to write lyrics and share his compositions on social media, which eventually led to opportunities in the Hindi music industry.<ref name=":52" />

== Career ==
Pandey began his career by writing and composing songs independently before entering the film industry.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2025-10-12 |title=संगीत की दुनिया में मंदसौर का जलवा, गीतकार प्रशांत पांडे ने जीता फिल्म फेयर अवार्ड |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hi/!state/mandsaur-lyricist-prashant-pandey-won-filmfare-award-for-film-laapataa-ladies-song-o-sajni-re-madhya-pradesh-news-mps25101201022 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=hi}}</ref>

His first major film project was ''[[Laapataa Ladies]]'' (2024), directed by [[Kiran Rao]] and produced by [[Aamir Khan Productions]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-12 |title=Laapataa Ladies song Sajni: Arjit Singh's vocals and Ram Sampath's music win internet's heart |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/laapataa-ladies-song-sajni-arjit-singhs-vocals-and-ram-sampaths-music-win-internets-heart-9157874/ |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He wrote the lyrics for the songs "[[Sajni (song)|Sajni]]" and "Beda Paar." The song "Sajni," performed by [[Arijit Singh]] and composed by [[Ram Sampath]], received widespread critical and commercial acclaim, earning him several prestigious awards for Best Lyricist.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Patel |first=Dipali |date=2025-03-10 |title=IIFA Awards 2025: Laapataa Ladies, Kill and Kartik Aaryan bag top honours |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/iifa-awards-2025-laapataa-ladies-kartik-aaryan-nitanshi-goel-kill-2691369-2025-03-10 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

He has also written songs for web series, including "Naaraz" for ''[[Gutar Gu]]'' Season 3 (2025), and "Behaya Ishq," "Dilhara," "Tere Pichhe," and "Keh Du Kya" for ''Meri IIT Wali GF'' (2019).<ref name=":52" />

In addition to his film and web projects, Pandey has contributed to independent singles such as the Hindi versions of "Rowdy Baby" (''[[Maari 2]]'') and "Jaadui" (''Chennai Central''), as well as original tracks including "Yaariyan," "O Maa," and "Kho Jaunga."

== Discography ==

=== Film songs ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Song !! Film !! Notes
|-
| 2024 || [[Sajni (song)|Sajni]]|| ''[[Laapataa Ladies]]'' || Performed by Arijit Singh; composed by Ram Sampath; won Filmfare, IIFA, Iconic Gold, and Clef Music Awards for Best Lyricist
|-
| 2024 || Beda Paar || ''[[Laapataa Ladies]]'' ||
|-
| 2025 || Humsafar || ''[[Saiyaara (film)|Saiyaara]]'' || Co-songwriter
|}

=== Web series songs ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Song !! Web Series
!Notes
|-
| 2019 || Behaya Ishq || ''Meri IIT Wali GF''
|
|-
| 2019 || Dilhara || ''Meri IIT Wali GF''
|
|-
| 2019 || Tere Pichhe || ''Meri IIT Wali GF''
|
|-
| 2019 || Keh Du Kya || ''Meri IIT Wali GF''
|
|-
| 2025 || Naaraz || ''[[Gutar Gu]] – Season 3''
|
|}

=== Singles ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Song !! Project / Album !! Notes
|-
| 2023 || Yaariyan || Independent single || Original single
|-
| 2025 || Rowdy Baby || ''[[Maari 2]]'' (Hindi version) || Hindi adaptation of Tamil hit
|-
| 2025 || Jaadui || ''Chennai Central'' (Hindi version) || Hindi adaptation track
|-
| 2025 || O Maa || Independent single || Original
|-
| 2025 || Kho Jaunga || Independent single || Original
|}

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Award !! Song / Work
|-
| 2024 || [[Iconic Gold Awards|Iconic Gold Award]] – Best Lyricist
| rowspan="3" |"[[Sajni (song)|Sajni]]" (''[[Laapataa Ladies]]'')
|-
| 2025 || [[Filmfare Awards|Filmfare Award]] – Best Lyricist
|-
| 2025 || [[International Indian Film Academy Awards|IIFA Award]] – Best Lyricist
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian lyricists]]
[[Category:Hindi-language lyricists]]
[[Category:Indian songwriters]]
[[Category:People from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian musicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Rajani Ashokrao Patil

2026-04-16T14:17:18Z

Donnell05T:

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1958)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Rajani Ashokrao Patil
| birth_name = Rajani Atmarambapu Patil
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1958|12|05}}
| birth_place = [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| death_date =
| image =
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| 1blankname = Chairman
| 1namedata = {{bulletlist|[[Venkaiah Naidu]]|[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]|[[C. P. Radhakrishnan]]}}
| term_start = 27 September 2021
| term_end = 2 April 2026
| successor = Maya Ivnate
| predecessor = [[Rajeev Satav]]
| constituency = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Maharashtra|Maharashtra]]
| term_start1 = 10 January 2013
| term_end1 = 2 April 2018
| successor1 =
| predecessor1 = [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]
| 1blankname1 = Chairman
| 1namedata1 = *[[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]
*[[Venkaiah Naidu]]
| constituency1 = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Maharashtra|Maharashtra]]
| office3 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency3 = [[Beed (Lok Sabha constituency)|Beed, Maharashtra]]
| term_start3 = 1996
| term_end3 = 1998
| predecessor3 = [[Kesharbai Kshirsagar]]
| successor3 = [[Jaisingrao Gaikwad Patil]]
| office2 = [[All India Congress Committee|AICC]] Incharge for [[Himachal Pradesh Congress Committee]] and [[Chandigarh Territorial Congress Committee]]
| term_start2 = 14 February 2025
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 = [[Rajiv Shukla]]
| office4 =
[https://sansad.in/rs/about/panel-of-vice-chairmen Member of Panel of Vice Chairpersons (Rajya Sabha)]
| alongside4 = [[Dinesh Sharma (politician)]], [[Bhubaneswar Kalita]], [[S. Phangnon Konyak]], [[Tiruchi Siva]], [[Sasmit Patra]], [[M. Thambidurai]], [[Sasmit Patra]]
| term_start4 = 2024
| term_end4 = 2026
| successor4 = [[Phulo Devi Netam]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Ashokrao Patil|1982}}
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| alma_mater =
| profession = Politician
| website =
| source = https://loksabha.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/3750.htm
}}

'''Rajani Ashokrao Patil''' (born 5 December 1958) is an Indian politician from the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=रापतवार |first=सुदर्शन |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=mZAuEQAAQBAJ |title=सहज सुचलं म्हणून..! |date=2024-11-15 |publisher=Madhyam Publication's |isbn=978-81-902787-8-2 |language=mr |archive-date=30 November 2024 |access-date=25 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130192832/https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=mZAuEQAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> She is the [[All India Congress Committee]] In-charge for Jammu & Kashmir.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rajani-patil-is-congress-in-charge-for-himachal-pradesh/story-hY5dkEsq1bbJMujsjWBCFN.html|title=Rajani Patil is Congress in-charge for Himachal Pradesh|date=2018-05-22|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-05-17|archive-date=17 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517194939/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rajani-patil-is-congress-in-charge-for-himachal-pradesh/story-hY5dkEsq1bbJMujsjWBCFN.html|url-status=live}}</ref> She was a [[Member of Parliament]], representing [[Maharashtra]] in the [[Rajya Sabha]], the [[upper house]] of [[Parliament of India|Indian Parliament]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/rajni-patil-wins-rs-bypoll-from-maharashtra_820972.html | title=Rajni Patil wins RS bypoll from Maharashtra | publisher=Zee News | date=5 January 2013 | accessdate=15 December 2014 | archive-date=15 December 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215233552/http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/rajni-patil-wins-rs-bypoll-from-maharashtra_820972.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Maharashtra-Rajni-Patil-is-Congs-Pick-for-RS-ByPoll/785558 | title=Maharashtra: Rajni Patil is Cong's Pick for RS By-Poll | publisher=Outlook | date=1 January 2013 | accessdate=15 December 2014 | archive-date=15 December 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215224607/http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Maharashtra-Rajni-Patil-is-Congs-Pick-for-RS-ByPoll/785558 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mumbai/congress-leader-rajani-patil-wins-rajya-sabha-bypoll/article1-984245.aspx | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102215212/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/Congress-leader-Rajani-Patil-wins-Rajya-Sabha-bypoll/Article1-984245.aspx | url-status=dead | archive-date=2 January 2013 | title=Congress leader Rajani Patil wins Rajya Sabha bypoll | publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] | date=3 January 2013 | accessdate=15 December 2014}}</ref> She was awarded the Best debut Parliamentarian award for her performance in the Rajya Sabha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/industry-briefing-news/lokmat-parliamentary-awards-2017-honours-distinguished-ls-and-rs-members-of-india-69767.html|title=Lokmat Parliamentary Awards 2017 honours distinguished LS and RS members of India - Exchange4media|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media|language=en|access-date=2019-05-17|archive-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402113815/https://www.exchange4media.com/industry-briefing-news/lokmat-parliamentary-awards-2017-honours-distinguished-ls-and-rs-members-of-india-69767.html|url-status=live}}</ref> She was earlier elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Beed (Lok Sabha constituency)|Beed]] in the 11th Lok Sabha.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/rajni-patil-may-be-elected-unopposed-to-rajya-sabha-113010205043_1.html | title=Rajni Patil may be elected unopposed to Rajya Sabha | publisher=[[Business Standard]] | date=2 January 2013 | accessdate=15 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sonia-gandhi-made-the-day-for-outgoing-congress-rajya-sabha-mp-rajani-patil/articleshow/63288600.cms | title=Sonia Gandhi made the day for outgoing Congress Rajya Sabha MP Rajani Patil | publisher=[[The Times of India]] | work=Mohua Chatterjee | date=13 March 2018 | accessdate=4 May 2019 | archive-date=14 March 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314111251/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sonia-gandhi-made-the-day-for-outgoing-congress-rajya-sabha-mp-rajani-patil/articleshow/63288600.cms | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2005, she was elected as the Chairperson of the Central Social Welfare Board.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/girija-vyas-new-chairperson-of-ncw-rajni-patil-heads-cswb/278712|title=Girija Vyas new chairperson of NCW, Rajni Patil heads CSWB|website=Outlook (India)|access-date=2019-05-17|archive-date=17 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517194951/https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/girija-vyas-new-chairperson-of-ncw-rajni-patil-heads-cswb/278712|url-status=live}}</ref> She represented India at the 49th session of the [[United Nations Commission on the Status of Women|UN Commission on the status of women]] at the UN headquarters in New York.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/rajani-patil-to-represent-india-at-un-session-on-women_204725.html|title=Rajani Patil to represent India at UN session on women|date=2005-03-01|website=Zee News|language=en|access-date=2019-05-17|archive-date=17 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517194952/https://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/rajani-patil-to-represent-india-at-un-session-on-women_204725.html|url-status=live}}</ref> She was a student political leader in college in the National Students Union of India (NSUI). She started her career in electoral politics by getting elected to the Zilla Parishad unopposed in 1992.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/indian-parliament/rajani-patil|title=Rajani Patil {{!}} National Portal of India|website=india.gov.in|access-date=2019-05-17|archive-date=17 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517194954/https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/indian-parliament/rajani-patil|url-status=live}}</ref> His father name is Atamarao Patil from sangli sangli borgaon.

==Early life and education==
Rajani Ashokrao Patil was born on December 5, 1958, in [[Maharashtra]], India. She grew up with a deep interest in [[politics]] and [[social issue]]s, particularly [[women's rights]]. She was an active member of the [[National Students' Union of India|National Students Union of India]] (NSUI) during her college years, which laid the foundation for her future political career.

==Political career==
Rajani Patil is a senior member of the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) party. Her political journey began in the 1990s when she was elected to the '''[[11th Lok Sabha]]''' (1991–1996) from the [[Beed Lok Sabha constituency|Beed constituency]] in Maharashtra. She continued her political journey by becoming a member of the '''[[Rajya Sabha]]''', the upper house of the Indian Parliament.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-17 |title=What Led To Congress Debacle In Himachal? Party Lists Out Factors - Exclusive |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/what-led-to-congress-debacle-in-himachal-party-lists-out-factors-exclusive-article-111805107 |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=Times Now |language=en |archive-date=7 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207100042/https://www.timesnownews.com/india/what-led-to-congress-debacle-in-himachal-party-lists-out-factors-exclusive-article-111805107 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-13 |title=Parliament starts today, first salvo from Cong: Suspended MP, Gandhi family loyalist, Rajani Patil, made chief whip |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/parliament-first-salvo-congress-suspended-mp-gandhi-family-loyalist-rajani-patil-chief-whip-8493346/ |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=6 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206124357/https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/parliament-first-salvo-congress-suspended-mp-gandhi-family-loyalist-rajani-patil-chief-whip-8493346/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=KNS |date=2022-08-11 |title=75th Years of Independence reflects great contributions, selfless services of Congress Party to the Nation: Patil |url=https://www.knskashmir.com/75th-years-of-independence-reflects-great-contributions--selfless-services-of-congress-party-to-the-nation--patil-164188 |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=KNS |language=en-GB |archive-date=3 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203042840/https://www.knskashmir.com/75th-years-of-independence-reflects-great-contributions--selfless-services-of-congress-party-to-the-nation--patil-164188 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Over the years, Patil has been a key figure in the [[Indian National Congress|INC]], particularly in her advocacy for women's rights and social justice. She was awarded the '''Best Debut Parliamentarian'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajani Patil {{!}} PRSIndia |url=https://prsindia.org/mptrack/rajya-sabha/rajani-patil |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=PRS Legislative Research |language=en-US |archive-date=3 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203030014/https://prsindia.org/mptrack/rajya-sabha/rajani-patil |url-status=live }}</ref> award for her early work in the Rajya Sabha.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Press Trust of India |first=Chennai |date=Jan 19, 2019 |title=MPs honoured for "outstanding performance" in Parliament |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/mps-honoured-for-outstanding-performance-in-parliament-119011900662_1.html |access-date=26 November 2024 |work=business-standard |pages=1 |archive-date=3 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203100945/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/mps-honoured-for-outstanding-performance-in-parliament-119011900662_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pramod Tiwari is deputy leader of Cong in Rajya Sabha, Rajani Patil made whip |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/pramod-tiwari-is-deputy-leader-of-cong-in-rajya-sabha-rajani-patil-made-whip-1199267.html |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

==Public service and leadership roles==
Rajani Patil has held several prominent leadership positions. Notably, she served as the '''Chairperson of the Central Social Welfare Board''' in 2005, where she worked to advance women's welfare programs. Additionally, she represented India at the '''United Nations 49th session on the Status of Women''', reflecting her influence on national and global platforms regarding gender equality.

Her work as a leader also extended to the Congress party, where she was appointed '''In-charge for Jammu & Kashmir'''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bashir |first=Badar |date=2023-12-23 |title=Congress in Jammu and Kashmir in a free fall? |url=https://sundayguardianlive.com/news/congress-in-jammu-and-kashmir-in-a-free-fall |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=The Sunday Guardian Live |language=en-US |archive-date=3 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203184025/https://sundayguardianlive.com/news/congress-in-jammu-and-kashmir-in-a-free-fall |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-07 |title=J&K Delimitation panel report biased, politically motivated: Congress leader Rajni Patil |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/jk-delimitation-panel-reportbiased-politically-motivated-congress-leader-rajni-patil/article65391750.ece |access-date=2024-11-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=2 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702181437/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/jk-delimitation-panel-reportbiased-politically-motivated-congress-leader-rajni-patil/article65391750.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=NETWORK |first=GK NEWS |date=2022-05-07 |title=Rajni Patil discusses political situation with Congress leaders |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/uncategorized/rajni-patil-discusses-political-situation-with-congress-leaders/ |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=Greater Kashmir |language=en-US |archive-date=3 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203184255/https://www.greaterkashmir.com/uncategorized/rajni-patil-discusses-political-situation-with-congress-leaders/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She has consistently advocated for social welfare, and her contributions have made her an influential figure in Indian politics.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Staff Reporter |date=2021-09-20 |title=Congress nominates Rajani Patil to Rajya Sabha bypoll from Maharashtra |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/congress-nominates-rajani-patil-to-rajya-sabha-bypoll-from-maharashtra/article36571106.ece |access-date=2024-11-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=4 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204134241/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/congress-nominates-rajani-patil-to-rajya-sabha-bypoll-from-maharashtra/article36571106.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Controversies and suspension==
In '''February 2023''', Rajani Patil was suspended from the Rajya Sabha for allegedly violating procedural rules. It was reported that she had recorded and shared footage of House proceedings on social media, which is against the Rajya Sabha's norms. However, after an inquiry and a recommendation from the Committee of Privileges, her suspension was '''revoked''' in '''August 2023'''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-07 |title=Congress Rajya Sabha MP Rajani Patil's suspension revoked |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/congress-rajya-sabha-mp-rajani-patils-suspension-revoked/article67167318.ece |access-date=2024-11-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-10 |title=Congress MP Rajani Patil suspended from Rajya Sabha for the current session |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/congress-rajani-patil-suspended-from-rajya-sabha-for-current-session/articleshow/97808325.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-11-26 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=20 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320093655/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/congress-rajani-patil-suspended-from-rajya-sabha-for-current-session/articleshow/97808325.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-07 |title=Rajya Sabha revokes Congress MP Rajani Patil's suspension |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/video/rajya-sabha-revokes-congress-mp-rajani-patils-suspension-2417376-2023-08-07 |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajya Sabha Chairman revokes suspension of Congress MP Rajani Patil from House |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/rajya-sabha-chairman-revokes-suspension-of-congress-mp-rajani-patil-from-house20230807115902/ |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=ANI News |language=en |archive-date=8 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230808003631/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/rajya-sabha-chairman-revokes-suspension-of-congress-mp-rajani-patil-from-house20230807115902/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Legacy and influence==
Rajani Patil's legacy in [[Politics of India|Indian politics]] is marked by her active participation in issues concerning women's empowerment, her leadership in the [[Indian National Congress|Congress party]], and her service to her [[Kaij Assembly constituency|Kaij constituency]]. Her efforts to address social inequalities and contribute to national policymaking continue to influence Indian politics.

==See also==

* [[Indian National Congress]]
* [[Sonia Gandhi]]
* [[Rahul Gandhi]]
* [[Kaij Assembly constituency]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://164.100.47.5/newmembers/Website/Main.aspx Rajani Patil Rajya Sabha Profile]
*[https://loksabha.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/3750.htm Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website]

{{Rajya Sabha members from Maharashtra for term 2012-2018|state=expanded}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patil, Rajni Ashokrao}}
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Maharashtra|Patil Rajni]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:India MPs 1996–1997]]
[[Category:Women in Maharashtra politics]]
[[Category:Marathi politicians]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:Women members of the Rajya Sabha]]

Anand Patil

2026-04-12T04:05:37Z

Donnell05T: done!

{{Orphan|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Anand Balwant Patil
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1945|7|3|df=y}}
| birth_place = Maharashtra, India
| occupation = Writer, literary critic, translator, academic
| language = Marathi, English
| nationality = Indian
| education = [[Shivaji University]]
| genre = Rural fiction, literary criticism, comparative literature
| subject = Postcolonial literature, cultural studies, comparative literature
| notable_works = ''Icchamaran'' ''Kagud ani Shavali'' ''Patalachi Londonwari''
| awards = Government of Maharashtra literary awards (multiple)
}}

{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}

'''Anand Balwant Patil''' (born 3 July 1945) is a Marathi and English [[Creative writing|creative writer]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n2009219654/|title=List of books on worldcat|website=Worldcat|access-date=2 April 2019}}</ref> [[Postcolonial literature|postcolonial]], comparatist, [[Cultural studies|culturalist]] translator–scholar from [[Maharashtra]], India. Starting with his debut rural novellas and research on the ‘Western Influences on Marathi Drama 1818-1947’ Patil set new trends in rural [[fiction]]. His Icchamarn is the compendious epic novel on a village. It is regarded as a masterpiece of gramin (rural) fiction. He is the recipient of four Government of Maharashtra Awards for extraordinary literary works and also thirteen other literary awards. He is the founder of ''Aranyanand Shikshan'', ''Sahitya va Sanskriti Pratisthan''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiangoslist.com/ngo-address/aranyanand-shikshan-sahitya-va-sanskruti-pratishthan-in-kolhapur-maharashtra_MH-2013-0063859|title=ARANYANAND SHIKSHAN SAHITYA VA SANSKRUTI PRATISHTHAN NGO in kolhapur Maharashtra Address Contact details|website=Indian NGO list directory Database|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-02}}</ref> and ''Anand Granthsagar Prkashan''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dnyangangabooks.com/product-category/publications/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6-%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A5-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8/|title=आनंद ग्रंथ सागर प्रकाशन – ज्ञानगंगा|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-02}}</ref>

== Education ==
Patil was born on 3 July 1945 in a remote village in the range of Sahyadri Mountain in Maharashtra. He joined the ‘Earn and Learn’ scheme of [[Bhaurao Patil|Karmveer Bhaurao Patil]] and received Merit scholarship for M.A. in Entire English from shivaji university Kolhapur, Maharashtra. The UGC Teachership and British council visitorship enabled him to submit the meritorious Ph.D. dissertation which was published both in English and Marathi.

==Career==
Dr. Patil has contributed immensely in field of education and literature. His contributions are shortly elaborated here.

===Teaching===
Patil taught English language and Literature in various colleges of [[Rayat Shikshan Sanstha]] for 24 years and later comparative Literature and creative writing in Department of English, Goa University and school of Languages and Literature in [[Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University]], Nanded. After retirement he was the visiting Professor of [[Delhi University]], Patan and Nagpur University.

===Literary career===
Patil’s first short story ‘Khep' published in the prestigious periodical ‘Satyakatha’ (1971) and novella Kagud in 'Mouji' (1984) earned him the nickname ‘Kagudwala’ Patil given by stalwart fictionist Shankar Patil. He was described as "a rising sun of Marathi rural writing" due to his autobiographical element and mastery of rural language.

After Patil joined [[Goa University]] as a Reader in English he published several works including publishing articles in Ariel, comparative and culture studies, Oxford and Cambridge Companions<ref>{{cite book| url = https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/companion-to-comparative-literature-world-literatures-and-comparative-cultural-studies/comparative-literature-in-indian-languages/4BE694A98F43DAA043D082AA3CA3720D| title = Comparative Literature in Indian Languages - Companion to Comparative Literature, World Literatures, and Comparative Cultural Studies| chapter = Comparative Literature in Indian Languages| date = 2014| pages = 299–310| publisher = Foundation Books| doi = 10.1017/UPO9789382993803.023| isbn = 9789382993803| last1 = Patil| first1 = Anand Balwant}} </ref> in the Western countries. Patil ventured where no Marathi Marathi writer had ever trod . He was turned down by those so called scholars who had never published a single book in Maharashtra. This cultural tuen made him the leading comparatist and culturalist in India who went abroad for seven times on the academic tours. His book on 'Comparative Literature :Theory and practice' translated in to Hindi is a text book all over India.
Whatever genre he tried he made his work. For example, his ‘Patalachi Londanvari’ translated in to Kannada and Hindi is considered the first true travel writing of the marginal Indian, and ‘In search of my [[Kolhapur]]’ the first travel of a District, ‘Granthani Rachlela Mahapurush’ a first literary biography and so on. As a creative writer he is [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o|Ngugi wa Thiong'o]] of Marathi and as a culturalist –comparatist he is [[Raymond Williams]] of India.

==Bibliography==
===Novels===
#Kagud ani Shavali. Murusai :Mouji,1986
#Icchamaran. Aurangabad:Saket, 2008

===Short story collection===
#Phugaaya. Aurangabad:Sket 1994
#Dawan. Aurangabad: Sahityaseva. 1998
#Suparna vrakshyakhali Bhav dupari. Aurangabad: Rajat 2006
#Phera. Pune: Pshpa 2006
#KhandaniPune: Snehwardhan 2011
#Shodh Eka chalwalya Mitracha. Kolhapur. Ajab210

===Travel Writing===
#Patalachi Londonwari, Mumbai: Lok wangmay (1993) trams in Kannada by Sathkad and Hindi by Shailesh Pandey
#Paradeshi Saha Parikrama. Pune: Suvidhya 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bookganga.com/eBooks/Books/Details/4844409964629745925|title=परदेशी सहा परिक्रमा-Pardeshi Saha Parikrama by Dr. Anand Patil - Suvidya Prakashan (Pune) - BookGanga.com|website=www.bookganga.com|access-date=2019-04-09}}</ref>
#In search of my Kolhapur through Travellers eyes: Amsela Associated Publishers

===Literary Biography===
#Granthani Rachalels Mahapurush: Yashvantrao Chavan. Kolhapur: Anand Granthsagar, 2018.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Granthānnī racalelā mahāpurusha : Yaśavantarāva Cavhāṇa = Granthani rachalela mahapurush : Yashwantrao Chavan|last=Pāṭīla, Ānanda|year=2017|isbn=9788192301624|edition=Dusarī āvr̥ttī|location=[Śāhū Pārka], Kolhāpūra|oclc=1001251257}}</ref>
#Maharashtrala Mahit Naslele Samrat Shivaji. Kolhapur: Anand Granthsagar,2018<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/editorial/column/time-to-time/true-emperor-shivray-who-establish-swarajya-from-struggle/articleshow/68057950.cms|title=Article in Maharashtra Times|last=Bodkhe|first=Tushar|date=Feb 19, 2019|website=Maharashtra Times|access-date=April 4, 2019}}</ref>

===Drama===
#Sangeet Automatic Asud. Kolhapur : Anand Granthsager

===Translation===
#P.S. Deshmukh. The Origin and Development of Religion in vedic literature. London Oxford Univ-Press 1933, train in to Marathi Dhrmacha Vaidek Wangmayatil udhay ani vikas: Kolhapur Anand Granthsagar 2005
#Basavraj Naikar, Light in the House. Trans in to Marathi Urus, Pune: Datta Prakashan 2005

===Marathi Comparative and Cultural Studies===
#Marathi Natakawaril Ingraji Prabhav. Mumbai : Lokwangmay 1993
#Taulanik Sahitya : Nave Siddhhant ani upyojan. Aurangabad :Saket 1998. Translated in to Hindi by Chandrlekha
#British Bombay ani Portuguese Govyateel Wangmay. Mumbai: Granthali1999
#Tulav: Tanlanik Nibandh. Mumbai:ranthali,2002
#Sahitya Kahi Deshi Kahi Videsh. Pune: Patmaandha 2004
#Tharava. Nagpur Akanksha 2005
#Teekavamarsh. Aurngabad : Rajat 2010
#Samiksha Up Haran. Aurangabad Rajat 2010
#Sahitya vimarsh Maranam . Pune Diamond 2011
#Samagra Shakespeare: Taulanik Sanskrti Samiksha. Kolhapur : Anand Granthsager 2017
#Samagra S. S. Mardhekar: Taulanik Sanskrati Mimam -nsa,Pune: Padmagandha, 2018
#Local and Global, Kolhapur Anand Granthsager 2019
#Kahi Lobel kahi Globel Anand Granthsagar 2019

===English Comparative Literature and Cultural Studies===
#Western Influence on Marathi Drama. Panaji Rajhanus. 1993
#Whirligig of Taste: Essays in Comparative Literature Delhi: Creative Books 1999
#Perspectives and Progression. Delhi Creative Books 2005
#ddhas Shelke: Makers of Indian Literature. New Delhi: Sahitya Academy 2002
#Revisioning Comparative Literature and Culture Delhi: Authors Press 2011
#Literary Comparative Literative and Cultural Criticism. Foreworeded by Steehen Tostory de Zeptne. Ambala : Associated Press 2011
#[[Interdisciplinary teaching|Interdisciplinary]] : Literary and Cultural. Kolhapur: Anand Granthsagar 2019

==Literary Awards and Appreciation Received by Patil==
===Awards===
#H.N. Apte Award for Kagud ani Savali: Government of Maharashtra H.N. Apte Award ,M.S. Parishad, Pune H.N .Apte Award. Best novel of the Decade Selection by [[Maharashtra Times]] (1986)
#Pune Nagar Wachanalay S.J. Joshi Awards, for Icchamaran. Balapur Library Kondaji Patil Purskar (2008)
#SKK Purskar. Taulanik Sahitya: Nave Siddhant ani Uptojan. Government of Maharashtra SKK Purskar.
#M.V. Gokhale Award. Marathi Natkawaril Ingraji prbhav, Maharashtra Sahitya Parishad Pune M.V. Gokhale Award (1998)
#S.M. Paranjpe Award. British Bombay ani Portuguese Govyatil Wangmay .Maharashtra Sahitya Parishad Pune S.M. Paranjpe Award
#Tulav: Tulanik Nibandh, Jansahitya parishad Amravati Award and Vidharbh Sahitya Sangh ugawani awards (1999)
#Srajanatamak Lekhan, Government of Maharashtra Kusumavati Deshpande Award 2005
#Teekvastraharan . Govt of Maharashtra SKK Awards and Dakshin Maharashtra Sahitya sabha R. Shahu Award 2008
#Sahitya Vimarsh Maranam. Maharashtra Sahitya Parishad, H. S. Shenolikar Award 2011
#Granthani Rachlela Mahapurush: [[Yashwantrao Chavan]], Vidhrbh Itihas Sanshodhak Mandal, Nagpur, Freedom fighter Balaji Huddar Award. South Maharashtra Sahitya Sabha Kolhapur Annabhau Sathe Award, Maharashtra Sahitya Parishad Pune Phaltan branch Yashvantrao Chavan Sahitya Gaurav Purskar. Jaysingpur ,Kavita Sagar Prkashan Rashitriya Award (2017)

==Critical Books Published on Patil’s Writings==
#Patlachi Londonwari: Kahi Drashtikshep ed: Shailesh Tribhuvan (2003)
#Patlachia Phad: Samagra Samikshed . ed. Shrikrishna Asud (2011)
#Anand Parva: Tulanik Sahityaani ani Sanskriti Samiksha, Ed Srikrishan Adsul (2014)

==References==
<references />

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patil, Anand}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:Marathi-language writers]]
[[Category:Indian writers]]
[[Category:Postmodern writers]]
[[Category:Dalit writers]]
[[Category:People from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian academics]]
[[Category:Indian literary critics]]
[[Category:Indian translators]]
[[Category:Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Indian male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]

Rajashekhar Mantha

2026-04-11T20:32:55Z

Donnell05T: made pg - done

{{Short description|Indian Judge}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = [[Calcutta High Court|Judge of Calcutta High Court]]
| appointer = [[Ram Nath Kovind]]
| nominator = [[Ranjan Gogoi]]
| term_start = 16 September 2019
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1967|10|29|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], India
| alma_mater = [[Nagpur University]] [[King's College London]]
| profession = [[Judge at Calcutta High Court]]
| honorific_prefix = Hon'ble Justice
}}

'''Rajashekhar Mantha''' (born 29 October 1967) is an Indian judge who is serving as permanent judge of [[Calcutta High Court]] since 16 September 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Shiv Sahay |date=2023-01-10 |title=Calcutta High Court judge issues contempt proceedings against lawyers |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/calcutta-high-court-judge-issues-contempt-proceedings-against-lawyers/article66361278.ece |access-date=2023-12-21 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Previously, he was an additional judge from 21 September 2017 to 15 September 2019.{{citation needed|date=July 2025}}

== Early life and education ==
Mantha was born on 29 October 1967. He studied at [[St. Xavier's Collegiate School]] in Kolkata and St. Paul's Boarding and Day's School. He obtained an LL.B. in April 1990 from [[Nagpur University]]'s College of Law and earned an LL.M. in Commercial Corporate Laws from [[King's College London]] in April 1991.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Calcutta High Court - Judges |url=https://www.calcuttahighcourt.gov.in/Judges/56 |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=Calcutta High Court}}</ref>

== Career ==
Mantha joined the [[Bar Council of West Bengal]] in December 1991 as a lawyer. He became a Senior Advocate in July 2015.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nair |first=P. Thankappan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=swNuAAAAMAAJ&q=Rajashekhar+Mantha+-wikipedia |title=South Indians in Kolkata: History of Kannadigas, Konkanis, Malayalees, Tamilians, Telugus, South Indian Dishes, and Tippoo Sultan's Heirs in Calcutta |date=2004 |publisher=Punthi Pustak |isbn=978-81-86791-50-9 |pages=291 |language=en}}</ref> He was nominated as an additional judge in High Court of Calcutta in 2017. He was promoted to permanent judge in 2019.<ref name=":0" />

== Controversies ==

Mantha since 2022, give indefinite protection to Opposition Leader of West Bengal [[Suvendu Adhikari]] by halting most of the criminal prosecutions against him until the court decided his petition.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-08 |title=Cal HC stays proceedings in criminal cases filed against Suvendu Adhikari |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/kolkata-news/cal-hc-stays-proceedings-in-criminal-cases-filed-against-suvendu-adhikari-101670492922024.html |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> In reaction, in January 2023 fifteen attorneys besieged his courtroom and reportedly engaged in a heated argument with other attorneys who refused to follow their directive to boycott.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Calcutta High Court judge initiates contempt proceedings against disruptive lawyers |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/calcutta-high-court-judge-initiates-contempt-proceedings-against-disruptive-lawyers/cid/1909101 |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-12 |title=Calcutta High Court: Lawyers at HC withdraw their protest against Justice Mantha |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/calcutta-high-court-lawyers-protest-against-justice-mantha-8376622/ |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Later, the court initiates contempt proceedings against them.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lawyers protest against Calcutta HC Justice Mantha alleging bias |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/law/story/lawyers-protest-against-calcutta-hc-justice-mantha-alleging-bias-2319280-2023-01-09 |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> The Bar Council assures that there will no more disruptions after that.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-01-12 |title=No more disruption, Calcutta HC lawyers assure judge |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/no-more-disruption-calcutta-hc-lawyers-assure-judge/articleshow/96928134.cms |access-date=2023-12-21 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

On 9 January, Kolkata Police observed 1,000 posters had been stuck on Mantha's house at [[Jodhpur Park]], as well as 30 other houses, walls, and on [[Jodhpur Park Boys School|Jodhpur Park Boys' School]]. The posters depict Mantha protecting the BJP leaders. Under the court order, those posters were taken down, and 6 accused were arrested.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |date=2023-01-17 |title=Calcutta HC orders Kolkata Police to probe posters outside Justice Mantha's residence |url=https://theprint.in/india/calcutta-hc-orders-kolkata-police-to-probe-posters-outside-justice-manthas-residence/1320404/ |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Day After Some Lawyers Targeted Calcutta High Court Judge, Row Over Letter |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/justice-rajasekhar-mantha-day-after-some-lawyers-targeted-a-bengal-judge-row-over-a-letter-3679426 |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mantha, Rajashekhar}}
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of King's College London]]

Universal AI University

2026-04-09T06:18:20Z

Donnell05T: created post

{{Short description|Educational Institution in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Universal AI University
| image = UAi Campus Pic.jpg
| motto = '''The Future is here'''
| established = {{start date and age|2009}} {{start date and age|2023}} (as University)
| type = [[Private university|Private University]]
| founder = Tarundeep Singh Anand
| accreditation = [[All India Council for Technical Education|AICTE]], [[Association of Indian Universities|AIU]], [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]
| location = Kushiwali, PO Gaurkamath, Vadap, Karjat, Maharashtra, 410201
| campus = Rural
| chancellor = Tarundeep Singh Anand
| vice_chancellor = Dr. Simon Mak
| students = 950 (2025)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-08 |title=Universal AI University claims to incorporate AI across all its programmes; 80 students have enrolled for FY24 session |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/jobs-career/education-universal-ai-university-claims-to-incorporate-ai-across-all-its-programmes-80-students-have-enrolled-for-fy24-session-3117463/ |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref>
| campus_size = {{Convert|40|acre}}
| colors = {{color box|Green}}{{color box|Navy}} Green, Blue
| mascot = Hawk-Ai The Hawk
| website = {{URL|https://www.universalai.in}}
| logo = Universal AI University Logo.png
}}
'''Universal AI University''' is India's first AI [[private university]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETEducation.com |title=Why higher education needs an AI-first reset: Insights from Tarun Anand, Universal Ai University |url=https://education.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/embracing-ai-in-higher-education-insights-from-tarun-anand/126366723 |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=ETEducation.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-13 |title=India’s First AI University, Universal AI University Launches UAi Entrepreneurship Center. - TRIPURA STAR NEWS |url=https://www.tripurastarnews.com/indias-first-ai-university-universal-ai-university-launches-uai-entrepreneurship-center/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |language=en-US}}</ref> in [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=University |url=https://www.ugc.gov.in/privateuniversitylist.aspx?id=1223&Unitype=3 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=www.ugc.gov.in}}</ref> specialising in courses that embed [[artificial intelligence]] (AI) in their design.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-04 |title=India's first AI varsity to start on Aug 1 in Karjat |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/indias-first-ai-university-set-to-open-in-navi-mumbai-offering-specialized-courses-in-ai-and-future-technologies-101683141986478.html |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Anand |first=Dr Tarundeep Singh |title=How will India's First AI University – Universal AI University – work? |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/voices/how-will-indias-first-ai-university-universal-ai-university-work/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It offers [[Undergraduate education|undergraduate]], [[Postgraduate education|postgraduate]], and doctoral courses across a range of disciplines.<ref>{{Cite web |title=भारतातील पहिलं एआय विद्यापीठ महाराष्ट्रात सज्ज; ऑगस्ट महिन्यापासून होणार सुरुवात |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/career/career-news/indias-first-ai-university-is-ready-in-maharashtra-mumbai-start-your-intelligent-career-journey-with-countrys-first-ai-university-universal-ai-university/articleshow/101439144.cms |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shaikh |first=Tooba |date=2023-05-05 |title=India's First-Ever AI University To Open In Karjat; Will Commence from Aug 1 |url=https://curlytales.com/indias-first-ever-ai-university-to-open-in-karjat-will-commence-from-aug-1/ |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Curly Tales |language=en-US}}</ref>

The university was founded in 2009 as Universal Business School and became a university in 2023, after the passing of the Universal AI University, Karjat Act, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-19 |title=Maharashtra govt approves operationalisation of Universal AI University in Karjat |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/jobs-career/education-maharashtra-govt-approves-operationalisation-of-universal-ai-university-in-karjat-3094092/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Universal AI University, Karjat Act, 2022 |url=https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/maharashtra/2023/Act3of2023MH.pdf}}</ref> It is recognised by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] and the [[All India Council for Technical Education]].The university is India's first<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7aLiuvARWk |title=India’s First AI University & The Future of Learning {{!}} Jitendra Karsan x Tarun Anand #ai |date=2026-03-13 |last=Education Matters by JK |access-date=2026-03-24 |via=YouTube}}</ref> dedicated AI University and the third in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shaikh |first=Tooba |date=2023-05-05 |title=India's First-Ever AI University To Open In Karjat; Will Commence from Aug 1 |url=https://curlytales.com/indias-first-ever-ai-university-to-open-in-karjat-will-commence-from-aug-1/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Curly Tales |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chopra |first=Disha |date=2023-01-04 |title=The Universal AI University: India's 1st AI University |url=https://analyticsdrift.com/the-universal-ai-university-indias-1st-ai-university/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Analytics Drift |language=en-US}}</ref>

== History, governance and leadership ==
[[File:Tarundeep Singh Anand at the Universal Business School.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.245|Tarun Anand, Chancellor, Universal AI University]] The university was originally established in 2009 as Universal Business School in [[Karjat|Karjat, Maharashtra]] by a group of executives and academics, including Gurdeep Singh Anand (a management consultant and visiting professor at [[Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies]]) and Tarun Anand (an executive at [[Thomson Reuters]]).<ref name=Anand>{{cite news |last=Athavale |first=Dileep |date=13 April 2012 |title=Thomson Reuters, South Asia Managing Director Tarun Anand has resigned from his position |work=Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/thomson-reuters-south-asia-managing-director-tarun-anand-has-resigned-from-his-position-to-render-his-undivided-focus-on-universal-business-school-ubs-which-he-co-founded-with-well-known-management-professionals-gurdip-singh-anand-and-babulal-varma-/articleshow/12646128.cms |access-date=3 November 2022}}</ref> The institution became Universal AI University in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India Ist AI University Launched by UBS |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/business/universal-ai-university-indias-1st-ai-university-launched-by-universal-business-school20230103104059/}}</ref> Tarun Anand has been the chancellor<ref>{{Cite news |author= |date=2023-09-18 |title=Universal AI University Chancellor Discusses Future of AI Education and Innovation on Newsmakers Talk Show |url=https://up18news.com/universal-ai-university-chancellor-discusses-future-of-ai-education-and-innovation-on-newsmakers-talk-show/ |access-date=2025-09-15 |work=Up18 News |language=en-US}}</ref> since the university's foundation.<ref name=Anand/>

In June 2024 Simon Mak, an international strategist and award-winning professor, joined Universal AI University as its vice chancellor to strengthen the university in areas such as rankings, accreditation, curriculum design, executive education development, and community service programmes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-25 |title=India's first AI university appoints award-winning American professor as VC |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/indias-first-ai-university-appoints-award-winning-american-professor-as-vc-101719298089652.html |access-date=2024-07-19 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> He holds a Bachelor of Technology from the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]], and a [[Master of Business Administration]] and [[Doctor of Philosophy]] from the [[Cox School of Business|SMU Cox School of Business]]. As the former Executive Director of the Caruth Institute for Entrepreneurship at SMU Cox, he oversaw research on blockchain technology and developed a course on Blockchain Entrepreneurship for MBA students.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-30 |title=India's First AI University Gets an award-winning American Professor as Vice Chancellor |url=https://apacnewsnetwork.com/2024/06/indias-first-ai-university-gets-an-award-winning-american-professor-as-vice-chancellor/ |access-date=2024-07-19 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Academics ==

[[File:AI Experience at Universal Ai University.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.295|AI Experience at Universal AI University]]The university offers [[Undergraduate education|undergraduate]], [[Postgraduate education|postgraduate]] and doctoral degree programs under its constituent schools of AI and future technologies, liberal arts and humanities, design, and the Universal Business School.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.universalai.in/ |at=Academics |website=Universal AI University |access-date=21 November 2023 |title=University Ai University}}</ref> The university also delivers [[Bachelor of Business Administration]] and Master of Business Administration courses for [[Cardiff Metropolitan University]], UK.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cardiffmet.ac.uk/partnerships/Pages/Transnational-Partners.aspx |title=Transnational Partners |website=Cardiff Metropolitan University |access-date=21 November 2023}}</ref> The university has established a lab to learn and experiment with [[Augmented reality|Augmented Reality]], Mixed Reality, IoT, Blockchain.<ref>{{Cite web |last=पावनाक |first=स्नेहल |date=2023-06-27 |title=देशातील पहिलं AI विद्यापीठ महाराष्ट्रात, व्हर्च्युअल रिॲलिटीसह भविष्यातील तंत्रज्ञानाचा अभ्यासक्रम |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/education/indias-first-ai-university-to-start-in-maharashtra-mumbai-will-offer-courses-in-vr-super-computer-and-future-technology-universal-ai-university-1187672 |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref> It has devised a curriculum which has practical experiential learning embedded in every course.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agarwal |first=Gaurav Virendra |date=2024-02-20 |title=Universal Business School Practices an Innovative Practical Experiential Curriculum |url=https://www.newsnownation.com/universal-business-school-practices-an-innovative-practical-experiential-curriculum/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="financialexpress.com">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-08 |title=Universal AI University claims to incorporate AI across all its programmes; 80 students have enrolled for FY24 session |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/jobs-career/education-universal-ai-university-claims-to-incorporate-ai-across-all-its-programmes-80-students-have-enrolled-for-fy24-session-3117463/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref>

=== Affiliations and accreditations ===
Universal AI University postgraduate diploma and fellowship courses are accredited by the [[All India Council for Technical Education]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Universal get AICTE |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/universal-business-school-gets-aicte-nod-112072602001_1.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=AICTE Letters |url=https://www.universalai.in/aicte-letters/ |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Universal AI |language=en-US}}</ref> Universal AI University is recognised by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=University |url=https://www.ugc.gov.in/privateuniversitylist.aspx?id=1223&Unitype=3 |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=www.ugc.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MAHARASHTRA ACT No. III OF 2023 |url=https://www.universalai.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/GazetteSearch.aspx-20-1.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Universal AI University Act Enforcement |url=https://www.universalai.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Gazette-Universal-AI-University-Act-Enforcement-4.pdf}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Universal AI University Operational |url=https://www.universalai.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Gazette-Universal-AI-University-Operational-3.pdf}}</ref> It is also a member of [[Association of Indian Universities]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=AIU Membership Letter- Universal AI University |url=https://universalai.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/AIU-Membership-Letter_Universal-AI-University-Raigarh-Maharashtra23.11.2023-1.pdf |website=Universal AI University}}</ref>

==== UAi School of Management ====
UAi School of Management was founded and setup in 2011 in Karjat and is spread across 40 acres. UAi-SoM became the first business school approved by AICTE. It is also known as India's first Green B-School<ref>{{Cite web |last=gbsn |date=2021-07-09 |title=Universal Business School: India´s First Green Business School to Inculcate ´Green Thinking´ in Students |url=https://gbsn.org/universal-business-school-indias-first-green-business-school-to-inculcate-green-thinking-in-students/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=GBSN |language=en-US}}</ref> with over 7000 trees in the campus and 40 percent of the campus with no construction.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UAi - School of Management, Mumbai, recycles campus waste |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/edugraph/news/universal-business-school-mumbai-recycles-campus-waste/cid/1852266 |website=Telegraph India}}</ref> It is also the first b-school to publish its ESG report.<ref>{{Cite web |last=LaBelle |first=Julianna |date=2021-10-08 |title=UAi- School of Management is First University to Publish ESG Report |url=https://gbsn.org/universal-business-school-is-a-first-management-institute-to-publish-esg-report-date/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=GBSN |language=en-US}}</ref> It offers undergraduate and post graduate programmes in BBA, BBA+MBA, MBA and Executive MBA.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Business School in Mumbai {{!}} UAi School of Management |url=https://www.universalai.in/universal-business-school/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=Universal AI |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Universal Business School Courses |url=https://collegedunia.com/university/64179-universal-ai-university-karjat/courses-fees |website=Collegedunia}}</ref> It has also deployed green curriculum to inculcate ´green thinking´ in students with pioneering courses like [[Green finance|Green Finance]], [[Green marketing|Green Marketing]], and Green Operations and Logistics.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sachdev |first=Navanwita Bora |date=2021-04-14 |title=UAi School of Management: India´s first green business school to inculcate ´green thinking´ in students |url=https://thetechpanda.com/universal-business-school-indias-first-green-business-school-to-inculcate-green-thinking-in-students/33037/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=TheTechPanda.com |language=en}}</ref>

==== School of Ai and Future Technologies ====
In 2012 UBS also established an Incubation Center and an Artificial Intelligence, Emerging & Foundational Technologies (AIEFT) Innovation Hub in [[Karjat]] through a joint venture with the Vitti Foundation.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sangani |first=Priyanka |date=2012-05-23 |title=Universal Business School launches incubation cell |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/education/universal-business-school-launches-incubation-cell/articleshow/13408234.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-03-21 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> This initiative facilitated a strategic shift in [[Universal Business School]]'s focus toward artificial intelligence (AI), culminating in its transformation into Universal AI University and its School of AI and Future technologies.<ref name="financialexpress.com"/> It offers courses in BTech Computer Science in AI & ML and BTech Computer Science in Data Science.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Universal AI University, Karjat Courses & Fees Structure: Duration, Seats & Study Mode |url=https://www.careers360.com/university/universal-ai-university-karjat/courses |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=Careers360 |language=en}}</ref>

==== School of Music, Sounds and Cinematics ====
In March 2024, Universal AI University and SoundideaZ Academy also Launched first AI - embedded Sound and Music Degree, a four-year B.Tech. in Sound Engineering and a three-year B.A. in Audio and Music production under its School of Music, Sounds and Cinematics.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Uniindia News |title=Universal AI University and SoundideaZ Academy Launch first AI - embedded Sound and Music Degree at the hands of Sonu Nigam |url=http://www.uniindia.com/universal-ai-university-and-soundideaz-academy-launch-first-ai-45-embedded-sound-and-music-degree-at-the-hands-of-sonu-nigam/pnn/news/3157801.html |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=www.uniindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2024-03-08 |title=Singer Sonu Nigam, Prof Tarundeep Singh Anand, Dr Pramod Chandorkar with others at the launch of an AI – embedded Sound and Music Degree Programme by Universal AI University and SoundideaZ Academy {{!}} Parties & Events - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/photos-sonu-nigam-snapped-indian-sound-music-industry-launch/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |language=en}}</ref>

'''Liberal Arts & Humanities School'''

The liberal arts & Humanities School at Universal AI University offers AI-based programs in BA (Hons.) Economics BA (Hons.) Psychology. From January 2010 to January 2020, the department conducted the 'Red Dot' experiment, which aimed to illustrate the influence of culture on visual communication.<ref>{{Cite web |author= |date=2020-05-04 |title='Red Dot' experiment shows culture impacts in visual communication |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/topheadlines/red-dot-experiment-shows-culture-impacts-in-visual-communication-470683 |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=Sentinel Assam |language=en}}</ref>

'''Design School'''

The Design School at Universal AI University offers B Des in Fashion Design, Product Design, Animation and Graphic Design.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best BDes College in Mumbai, India |url=https://universalai.in/b-des/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=Universal AI |language=en-US}}</ref> Rubika Design School, a well-known institution for design education, has partnered with Universal AI University, India's first AI-based university<ref>{{Cite web |title=Universal AI University Partners With The World's Top French Design School, RUBIKA |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/business/universal-ai-university-partners-with-the-worlds-top-french-design-school-rubika |access-date=2024-07-19 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref> The partnership between Rubika Design School and Universal AI University will deliver comprehensive programs, including a four-year Bachelor of Design (B. Des.) and an integrated five-year Master of Design (M. Des.).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-22 |title=World's Top French Design School Rubika India partners with Universal AI University for its Design School |url=https://indiaeducationdiary.in/worlds-top-french-design-school-rubika-india-partners-with-universal-ai-university-for-its-design-school/ |access-date=2024-07-19 |website=India Education {{!}} Latest Education News {{!}} Global Educational News {{!}} Recent Educational News |language=en-US}}</ref> These programs will specialize in Transportation Design, Product Design, UX/UI Design, Animation, Video Game Art, and Video Game Design. In subsequent years, offerings will expand to include Digital Design, Interaction Design, and Tech-art.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-10 |title=Universal AI University Partners with the World's Top French Design School RUBIKA |url=https://www.pagalguy.com/articles/universal-ai-university-partners-with-the-worlds-top-french-design-school-rubika |access-date=2024-07-19 |website=PaGaLGuY |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Metaverse and AI-based Admission Process ==
The Universal AI University has implemented a novel admissions process, leveraging the [[Metaverse]] and [[Artificial Intelligence (AI)|Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies]]. This system integrates optimization algorithms, crowd-generating tools, and visual enhancement technologies within the Metaverse. Students select avatars to represent their digital presence during the process.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-19 |title=Universal AI University launches India's first Metaverse and AI-based admissions process |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/education/universal-ai-university-launches-indias-first-metaverse-and-ai-based-admissions-process-12305301.html |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref>

A virtual companion, known as Droid, assists candidates throughout the admissions journey. This includes accompanying them to test rooms, administering assessments, and delivering prompt results. Droid also facilitates virtual interviews, which are subsequently reviewed by the university administration and communicated to the candidates via email or verbal delivery by Droid itself. The ability for candidates to schedule their interview slots marks a significant shift towards a more streamlined and potentially human-less admissions process.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Daily |first=Prompts |title=Universal AI University Launches Metaverse and AI-Based Process |url=https://www.neatprompts.com/p/universal-ai-university-launches-india-first-metaverse-and-ai-based-admissions-process |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=Prompts Daily |language=en}}</ref>

== MOUs and Partnerships and Partnerships ==
In May 2025, India's Universal AI University and Qatar's Arab Center for Artificial Intelligence signed a memorandum of understanding to advance collaborative efforts in the field of artificial intelligence.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-27 |title=ACAI and Universal AI University partner to boost AI innovation in Qatar {{!}} Digital Watch Observatory |url=https://dig.watch/updates/acai-and-universal-ai-university-partner-to-boost-ai-innovation-in-qatar |access-date=2025-06-03 |language=en-US}}</ref> The agreement outlines the establishment of an AI research center in Doha and the introduction of specialized training programs aimed at addressing the rising demand for AI expertise.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-03 |title=Universal AI University Joins Forces with Qatar's ACAI for AI Development |url=https://theblunttimes.in/universal-ai-university-joins-forces-with-qatars-acai-for-ai-development/47380/ |access-date=2025-06-03 |website=The Blunt Times |language=en-US}}</ref> Additionally, the partnership includes plans to develop an interdisciplinary campus that will focus on areas such as engineering, business administration, environmental sustainability, and emerging technologies. This development is viewed as part of broader regional efforts to expand educational and research capacities in the rapidly evolving AI sector.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Newspaper |first=The Peninsula |date=2025-05-26 |title=Arab Center for Artificial Intelligence signs MoU with India's Universal AI University |url=https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/26/05/2025/arab-center-for-artificial-intelligence-signs-mou-with-indias-universal-ai-university |access-date=2025-06-03 |website=thepeninsulaqatar.com |language=en}}</ref>

[[Florida State University]]'s Jim Moran College of Entrepreneurship (JMC) and Universal AI University (UAi) in India announced a strategic partnership in July 2025 focused on the intersection of [[artificial intelligence]] and [[entrepreneurship]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pathway |first=Forward |date=2025-07-15 |title=FSU and Universal AI University Forge Strategic Partnership to Revolutionize AI and Entrepreneurship Education |url=https://www.forwardpathway.us/fsu-and-universal-ai-university-forge-strategic-partnership-to-revolutionize-ai-and-entrepreneurship-education |access-date=2025-07-19 |website=Forward Pathway |language=en-US}}</ref> The collaboration aims to promote research and education, particularly in areas such as poverty alleviation and family business development. JMC will be a founding member of UAi's Center for AI and Entrepreneurship. As part of the initiative, both institutions will co-host a quarterly webinar series open to global participants. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Prentiss |first=Anna |date=2025-07-14 |title=FSU and Universal AI University launch strategic partnership at the intersection of artificial intelligence and entrepreneurship |url=https://news.fsu.edu/news/business-law-policy/2025/07/14/fsu-and-universal-ai-university-launch-strategic-partnership-at-the-intersection-of-artificial-intelligence-and-entrepreneurship/ |access-date=2025-07-19 |website=Florida State University News |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Campus and student life ==
[[File:Campus Courtyard at Universal Ai University.jpg|alt=Campus Courtyard at Universal Ai University|thumb|Campus Courtyard at Universal AI University]]
The Universal AI University campus covers {{convert|40|acres|ha}} in [[Karjat|Karjat, Mumbai]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-27 |title=भारत का पहली डेडीकेटेड एआई यूनिवर्सिटी 1 अगस्त से पहले एकेडमिक वर्ष की शुरुआत करेगी |url=https://www.statepatrika.com/2023/06/indias-first-dedicated-ai-university-to-start-the-first-academic-year-from-august-1st-eyes-students-from-punjab.html |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=स्टेट पत्रिका |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=singh |first=avinash kr |title=Universal AI University- UAi Mumbai, Karjat: Placement, Admission 2024, Course, Fee & Ranking by Dial Education |url=https://www.dialeducation.com/college/details/universal-business-school-ubs |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=www.dialeducation.com |language=en}}</ref> with over 10,000 trees.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Universal AI University Spreads 'Go Green' Message On Teacher's Day |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/universal-ai-university-spreads-go-green-message-on-teachers-day |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref> Sports facilities on campus include a football ground.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Universal AI University To organise Late Gurdip Singh Memorial Inter-College Football Tournament At Karjat |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/education/universal-ai-university-to-organise-late-gurdip-singh-memorial-inter-college-football-tournament-at-karjat |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref> The campus employs solar electricity for 50% of its electricity needs enabling it to have a sustainable and positive impact on the environment.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agarwal |first=Gaurav Virendra |date=2024-04-05 |title=Prof Tarun Anand chancellor of Universal AI University: A visionary who transformed a tiny town into a Global Education Centre - NewsNowNation |url=https://www.newsnownation.com/prof-tarun-anand-chancellor-of-universal-ai-university-a-visionary-who-transformed-a-tiny-town-into-a-global-education-centre/ |access-date=2024-07-19 |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2023, UAi - School of Management has about 21% students enrolled from the Eastern parts of India and recorded 1,230 interview from 229 companies for its MBA students from domestic and international companies.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-18 |title=UAi School of Management, Mumbai Achieves a Stellar Placement for 2023 |url=https://www.nktv.in/universal-business-school-mumbai-achieves-a-stellar-placement-for-2023/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> The university has admitted students from 26 states and union territories in India and has received applications from countries including the [[United Kingdom]], [[Nepal]], [[Indonesia]] and nations in [[Africa]] and the [[Gulf]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pioneer AI-led university promises future-focused tuition |url=https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20230815142151928 |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=University World News}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Spoken Wikipedia|date=2015-01-01|Universal_business_School.ogg}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.universalai.in/ Universal AI University official website]

{{Authority control}}

{{coord|18.9028|73.3747|type:edu_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Business schools in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Universities in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:2023 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2023]]

Alka Mohanty

2026-04-03T03:02:36Z

Donnell05T: done

{{Short description|Indian Politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = {{#property:P18}}
| name = Alaka Mohanty
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age |df=y|1967|05|05}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_cause =
| death_place =

| office = Member of the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Brajarajnagar Assembly constituency|Brajarajnagar]]
| salary =
| term_start = 3 June 2022
| term_end = 2024
| predecessor = [[Kishore Kumar Mohanty]]
| successor = [[Suresh Pujari]]

| party = [[Biju Janata Dal]]
| other_party =
| citizenship = [[India]]n
| occupation = politician
| parents = Nabin Chandra Pattanaik (father)
| spouse = [[Kishore Kumar Mohanty]]
| children =
| relations =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}

'''Alka Mohanty''', also spelt as ''''Alaka Mohanty''', is an Indian Politician and wife of [[Kishore Kumar Mohanty]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pradhan |first=Ashok |first3= |title=BJD Fields Late Mla’s Wife In Brajrajnagar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/bjd-fields-late-mlas-wife-in-brajrajnagar/articleshow/91454245.cms |access-date=2022-12-02 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> who served as Member of [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[Brajarajnagar Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Odisha: BJD candidate Alaka Mohanty records landslide victory in Brajrajnagar bypoll |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/odisha-bjd-candidate-alaka-mohanty-records-landslide-victory-brajrajnagar-bypoll-1958172-2022-06-03 |access-date=2022-12-02 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pradhan |first=Ashok |title=Brajarajnagar Bypoll Result 2022: BJD’s Alaka Mohanty defeats Kishore Patel of Congress by 65,000 votes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/brajarajnagar-bypoll-result-bjds-alaka-mohanty-defeats-kishore-patel-of-congress-by-65000-votes/articleshow/91982745.cms |access-date=2022-12-02 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-03 |title=ओडिशा उपचुनावः बीजद कैंडिडेट अलका मोहंती प्रचंड वोटों से जीतीं, BJP तीसरे नंबर पर खिसकी |url=https://www.aajtak.in/india/politics/story/odisha-bypolls-bjd-candidate-alka-mohanty-won-by-huge-votes-bjp-slipped-number-three-ntc-1475886-2022-06-03 |access-date=2022-12-02 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohanty, Alka}}
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Biju Janata Dal politicians]]

{{Odisha-BJD-politician-stub}}

Thakur Ram Lal

2026-03-26T06:48:31Z

Donnell05T: refined citations for accuracy

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Thakur Ram Lal
| image = Thakur_Ram_Lal.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = 7 July 1929
| birth_place = [[Simla]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| residence = [[Shimla]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2002|7|6|1929|7|7}}
| death_place = [[Shimla]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[India]]
| constituency =
| occupation = Politician
| profession =
| nationality = [[India]]n
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse =
| children =
| office2 = [[Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh]]
| governor2 =
| governor3 =
| term_start3 = 28 January 1977
| term_end3 = 30 April 1977
| predecessor3 = [[Yashwant Singh Parmar]]
| successor3 = [[President's Rule]]
| term_start2 = 14 February 1980
| term_end2 = 7 April 1983
| predecessor2 = [[Shanta Kumar]]
| successor2 = [[Virbhadra Singh]]
| office1 =
| term_start1 =
| term_end1 = 29 August 1984
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata1 =
| signature =
| Awards =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}

'''Thakur Ram Lal''' (7 July 1929 – 6 July 2002) was an Indian politician and a leader of the [[Indian National Congress]] from [[Himachal Pradesh]].

==Political career==

=== Himachal Pradesh ===
He was elected to the [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Himachal Pradesh Vidhan Sabha]] from the [[Jubbal-Kotkhai Assembly constituency|Jubbal-Kotkhai]] constituency nine times from 1957 to 1982. He briefly served as the [[List of Chief Ministers of Himachal Pradesh|Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh]] from 28 January 1977 to 30 April 1977. In the [[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], he withstood the anti-Congress wave in elections conducted after [[The Emergency (India)|The Emergency]] to win 60.2 percent of the votes in Jubbal-Kotkhai but saw the Congress reduced to 9 seats from the previous 53.<ref name="Ram Lal Reference1">{{cite news |date=8 July 2002 |title=HP ex-CM Thakur Ramlal dead {{!}} Chandigarh News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/hp-ex-cm-thakur-ramlal-dead/articleshow/15301588.cms |access-date=24 February 2021 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> He served as the leader of opposition in the legislative assembly from 29 June 1977 to 13 February 1980.

=== Governor of Andhra Pradesh ===
Ram Lal was appointed the [[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|Governor of Andhra Pradesh]] on 15 August 1983. While Chief Minister [[N. T. Rama Rao]] of the [[Telugu Desam Party]] was in the [[United States]] for surgery, he appointed finance minister [[N. Bhaskara Rao]] as the chief minister ostensibly at the behest of the leadership of the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] party despite Bhaskara Rao having the support of no more than 20% of the legislators.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Chawla |first1=Prabhu |date=July 18, 1983 |title=Timber smuggling case haunts former Himachal Pradesh CM Thakur Ram Lal |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19830831-timber-smuggling-case-haunts-former-himachal-pradesh-cm-thakur-ram-lal-770964-2013-07-18 |access-date=2020-08-17 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> On his return, NTR launched a popular campaign against Ram Lal and the Congress Party leading to President [[Zail Singh]] to dismiss Ram Lal on 29 August 1984 and NTR being re-appointed the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh.

==Death==

Thakur Ram Lal died on 6 July 2002 in [[Shimla]] following a massive cardiac arrest. He was survived by four daughters, a son and grandson and a granddaughter, two great-granddaughters and one great-grandson.<ref name="Ram Lal Reference1" />

His grandson, [[Rohit Thakur]] is an MLA from Jubbal-Kotkhai.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Chief Ministers of Himachal Pradesh|Thakur Ram Lal=Thakur Ram Lal}}{{Governor of Andhra Pradesh |state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lal, Thakur Ram}}
[[Category:Governors of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Shimla]]
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 1967–1972]]
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 1972–1977]]
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 1977–1982]]
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 1982–1985]]
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 1990–1992]]
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 1993–1998]]
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 1998–2003]]
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:2002 deaths]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]

National Institute of Health and Family Welfare

2026-03-25T08:06:48Z

Donnell05T: new

{{Short description|Government organization in New Delhi, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{infobox organization
|founded={{start date and age|df=yes|1977|03|09|paren=yes}}
|location=India
|headquarters=Munirka, [[New Delhi]]
|coordinates={{coord|28.55|77.17}}
|website={{URL|https://nihfw.ac.in/}}
|parent_organisation=[[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]]
}}

'''The National Institute of Health and Family Welfare (NIHFW)''' is an autonomous, apex technical institute under the [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW)]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-11 |title=Dr Harsh Vardhan presides over 43rd Annual Day of the National Institute of Health & Family Welfare - Healthcare Radius |url=https://www.healthcareradius.in/events/25404-dr-harsh-vardhan-presides-over-43rd-annual-day-of-the-national-institute-of-health-family-welfare |access-date=2025-03-11 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=National Institute of Health and Family Welfare (NIHFW) {{!}} PPD |url=https://www.partners-popdev.org/about-ppd/partner-institutions/national-institute-of-health-and-family-welfare-nihfw/ |access-date=2025-03-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> The Institute focuses on training and research in the fields of public health, [[health administration]] and management.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=TRAINING DIVISION |url=https://mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/files/2018-06-27.pdf |website=mohfw.gov.in}}</ref>

== History ==
NIHFW was formed in 1977 by the merger of National Institute of Health Administration and Education (NIHAE) and National Institute of Family Planning (NIFP).<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Institute of Health & Family Welfare, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi |url=https://fmsc.du.ac.in/nihfw.htm |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=fmsc.du.ac.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-11 |title=National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi - Radical Education |url=https://radicaleducation.in/medical/national-institute-of-health-and-family-welfare/ |access-date=2025-03-11 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Roles and Functions ==
[[File:Ram Nath Kovind with the General Duty Medical Officers (GDMOs) of the Central Health Service (CHS) attending the 3rd Foundation Training Programme, at the National Institute of Health and Family Welfare (NIHFW).JPG|300px]]

NIHFW conducts training program for healthcare professionals including in-service training. It also conducts the Foundation Training Program (FTP) for the newly joined [[Central Health Service|Central Health Service (CHS)]] officers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-05 |title=NIHFW Recruitment 2018: Apply for Assistant, MTS and other post |url=https://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-nihfw-recruitment-2018-apply-for-assistant-mts-and-other-post-70308 |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=Zee Business |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=National Institute of Health & Family Welfare |url=https://nihfw.ac.in/cms/institutional-training.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241015065547/https://nihfw.ac.in/cms/institutional-training.php |archive-date=2024-10-15 |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=nihfw.ac.in |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=No.A.12024/5/2023-Admn.II THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH & FAMILY WELFARE An Autonomous Institute under Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India Baba Gangnath Marg, Munirka, New Delhi-110067 |url=https://nihfw.ac.in/Doc/Advt.%20for%205th%20CHS%20Training.pdf |website=nihfw.ac.in}}</ref>

NIHFW also conducts post-graduate education courses such as MD in Community Health Administration (CHA), Post-graduate Diploma in Health Administration (DHA), Post-graduate Diploma in Public Health Management (PGDPHM), Masters of Public Health (MPH) and Ph.D. Programme.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-02 |title=PG Diploma in Management through Distance Learning at NIHFW |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/education/admissions/pg-diploma-in-management-through-distance-learning-at-nihfw-1.9779547 |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=English.Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref>

NIHFW also hosts National Cold-Chain and Vaccine Management Resource Centre for capacity building of Cold-Chain technicians involved in [[Universal Immunisation Programme|Universal Immunization Programme (UIP)]].<ref name=":0" />

==See also==
* [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]]
* [[Central Health Service|Central Health Service (CHS)]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://nihfw.ac.in/ The National Institute of Health and Family Welfare]

[[Category:Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1977]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Public health organisations based in India]]

Standard Fireworks Rajaratnam College for Women

2026-03-20T13:05:58Z

Donnell05T: Page updated with relevant improvements

{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Ragas Dental College & Hospital|timestamp=20260320130555|year=2026|month=March|day=20|substed=yes}}


{{Short description|Women's general degree college in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Orphan|date=December 2021}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox university |
name = The Standard Fireworks Rajaratnam College for Women|
image_name = |
type = Public|
established = 1968|
principal = |
city = [[Sivakasi]] |
state = [[Tamil Nadu]] |
country = [[India]] |
campus = Urban|
colors = |
affiliations = [[Madurai Kamaraj University]] |
website = http://www.sfrcollege.edu.in/
|}}
'''The Standard Fireworks Rajaratnam College for Women''', is a women's general degree college located in [[Sivakasi]], [[Tamil Nadu]]. It was established in the year 1968. The college is affiliated with [[Madurai Kamaraj University]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Affiliated College of Madurai Kamaraj University |url=http://mkuniversity.org/direct/afc.php#}}</ref> This college offers different courses in arts, commerce and science.

==Departments==

===Science===

*Physics
*Chemistry
*Mathematics
*Computer Application
*Botany
*Zoology
*Microbiology
*Nutrition & Dietics

===Arts and commerce===

*Tamil
*English
*Economics
*Commerce

==Accreditation==
The college is recognized by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] (UGC).

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cite web|url=http://www.sfrcollege.org/|author=The Standard Fireworks Rajaratnam College for Women, Sivakasi|title=Home | SFRC Sivakasi|website=sfrcollege.org|access-date=2017-09-20}}
{{Coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Standard Fireworks Rajaratnam College for Women}}
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1968]]
[[Category:1968 establishments in Madras State]]
[[Category:Colleges affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University]]

{{TamilNadu-university-stub}}

Geeta Agarwal Sharma

2026-03-20T00:37:38Z

Donnell05T: bio - done

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Geeta Agarwal Sharma
| image = 
| alt = 
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| other_names = Geeta Agarwal
| occupation =
| years_active = 2007{{endash}}present
| known_for =
| notable_works = ''[[Cat (TV series)|CAT]]'' (2022) ''[[12th Fail]]'' (2023)
}}
'''Geeta Agarwal Sharma''' is an Indian actress who works in Hindi films and television.

== Career ==
Despite debuting in 2007, her first notable role was in the Punjabi series ''[[Cat (TV series)|CAT]]'' as a politician involved in an illegal drug racket. She went on to play motherly roles in several films and television series including ''[[Chhapaak]]'', ''[[A Suitable Boy (TV series)|A Suitable Boy]]'', ''[[All India Rank]]'', ''[[Laapataa Ladies]]'', ''[[12th Fail]]'', ''[[Fighter (2024 film)|Fighter]]'', ''[[Tera Kya Hoga Lovely]]'', ''[[Saiyaara (film)|Saiyaara]]'' and ''[[Ghich Pich]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/all-india-rank-review/20240223.htm|title=All India Rank Review: Tender Must Watch|first=SUKANYA|last=VERMA|website=Rediff}}</ref><ref name="H">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/one-role-led-to-another-geeta-agrawal-sharma-on-bagging-films-like-12th-fail-laapataa-ladies-101711268217955.html|title=Geeta Agrawal Sharma on playing the mother in 12th Fail, Laapataa Ladies, All India Rank: 'One role led to another'|date=March 24, 2024|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/saiyaara-review-no-one-does-heartbreak-like-mohit-suri-ahaan-panday-aneet-padda-3-stars-8899426|title=''Saiyaara'' Review: No One Does Heartbreak Like Mohit Suri|work=NDTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/theatrical/ghich-pich-movie-review-director-ankur-singla-delivers-a-bittersweet-slice-of-life-mindie|title='Ghich Pich' Movie Review: A Bittersweet Slice-Of-Life 'Mindie'|website=The Hollywood Reporter India}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2007 || ''Foto'' || ||
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Delhi-6]]'' || MLA Maitreyi Devi ||
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Chillar Party]]'' || Panauti's mother ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[B.A. Pass]]'' || Bua Ji ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2013 || ''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]'' || Milkha Singh's mother || Uncredited role
|-
| ''[[Siddharth (2013 film)|Siddharth]]'' || Roshni ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2016 || ''Satrangi'' || Kusum ||
|-
|''[[Mirzya (film)|Mirzya]]'' || || Uncredited role<ref name="H"/>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2017 || ''[[Raabta (film)|Raabta]]'' || Gurmeet Kaur ||
|-
| ''[[Mubarakan]]'' || Kuldeep Kaur Bajwa ||
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Raid (2018 film)|Raid]]'' || Reema ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2019 || ''[[Falsafa: The Other Side]]'' || Aman's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Pati Patni Aur Woh (2019 film)|Pati Patni Aur Woh]]'' || Hemlata Tripathi ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2020 || ''[[Chhapaak]]'' || Malti's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Zindagi inShort]]'' || Amreen's mother || Segment: ''Chhaju Ke Dahi Bhalle''
|-
| rowspan="2"|2022 || ''Aisa Q'' || CM's mother ||
|-
|''[[Shabaash Mithu]]'' || WCB Chief Shanta ||
|-
| rowspan="5"|2023 || ''[[All India Rank]]'' || Manju Singh ||
|-
|''[[OMG 2]]'' || Indumati Kanti Sharan Mudgal ||
|-
| ''[[Laapataa Ladies]]'' || Yashoda || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2024/Sep/23/laapataa-ladies-actress-geeta-agarwal-joins-the-cast-of-yashpal-sharmas-dhavak|title='Laapataa Ladies' actress Geeta Agarwal joins the cast of Yashpal Sharma's 'Dhavak'|first=Team|last=Indulge|date=September 23, 2024|website=Indulgexpress}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Fukrey 3]]'' || Prakash Kaur ||
|-
| ''[[12th Fail]]'' || Pushpa Sharma || Nominated{{endash}}[[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/iifa-2024-full-list-of-nominations-ranbir-kapoor-ranveer-get-best-actor-nods-deepika-padukone-alia-bhatt-for-actress-101724042812828.html|title=IIFA 2024 full list of nominations: Ranbir Kapoor, Ranveer get Best Actor nods; Deepika Padukone, Alia Bhatt for Actress|date=August 19, 2024|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Nominated{{Endash}}FOI Online Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.foionlineawards.com/post/9thfoioa-2024-nominations-announced|title=9thFOIOA 2024 Nominations Announced!|first=FOIOA|last=Announcements|date=January 19, 2024|website=foionlineawards}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2024 || ''[[Fighter (2024 film)|Fighter]]'' || Usha ||
|-
| ''[[Tera Kya Hoga Lovely]]'' || Renu Kumari ||
|-
| rowspan="5"|2025 || ''Pinch'' || Shobha || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/reviews/pinch-review-tribeca-india-1236433408/|title='Pinch' Review: An Amusing Takedown of India's Patriarchal Structures|first=Siddhant|last=Adlakha|work=Variety|date=June 17, 2025}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Saiyaara (film)|Saiyaara]]'' || Mrs. Batra ||
|-
| ''[[Ghich Pich]]'' || Ritu Arora ||
|-
| ''[[Ek Chatur Naar]]'' || Urmila ||
|-
| ''[[Thamma]]'' || Sudha Goyal ||
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Network
! Notes
|-
| 2013{{Endash}}2014 || ''[[Kaisa Yeh Ishq Hai... Ajab Sa Risk Hai]]'' || || [[Life OK]] || Uncredited role<ref name="H"/>
|-
| 2016{{endash}}2017 || ''[[Kaala Teeka]]'' || Leelavati Chaudhary || [[ZEE TV]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2020 ||''[[A Suitable Boy (TV series)|A Suitable Boy]]'' || Mrs. Mahesh Kapoor || [[BBC One]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/ishaan-khatter-shares-new-still-from-a-suitable-boy-with-co-stars-geeta-agarwal-and-yusuf-1703228-2020-07-22|title=Ishaan Khatter shares new still from A Suitable Boy with co-stars Geeta Agarwal and Yusuf|first=Shweta|last=Keshri|date=July 22, 2020|website=India Today}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Flesh (web series)|Flesh]]'' || || [[Eros Now]] || <ref name="H"/>
|-
| 2020{{endash}}2021 || ''[[Kyun Rishton Mein Katti Batti]]'' || Chandrani Chaddha || ZEE TV ||
|-
|2022
| ''[[Cat (TV series)|CAT]]'' || Madam Aulakh || [[Netflix]] ||
|-
| 2023 || ''[[The Freelancer (TV series)|The Freelancer]]'' || Asar Fazal || [[Disney+ Hotstar]] ||
|-
|2026 || ''[[Daldal (2026 TV series)|Daldal]]'' || Indu Mhatre || [[Prime Video]] ||
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|3348178}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Geeta Agarwal}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Tajpur Port

2026-03-19T07:07:33Z

Donnell05T:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox port
| name = Tajpur Port তাজপুর বন্দর
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal
| country = [[India]]
| location = [[Tajpur, West Bengal|Tajpur]], [[Purba Medinipur district|Purba Medinipur]], [[West Bengal]]
| coordinates = {{coord|21.6446941|87.6101216|display=inline,title}}
| opened = 2025 (estimated)
| operated = [[Adani Ports & SEZ|Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone Limited]]<ref name="Mint">{{cite news |title=Adani Ports secures ₹25,000 cr Tajpur port project in West Bengal |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/adani-ports-secures-25-000-crore-port-project-in-west-bengal-11663762086643.html |access-date=21 September 2022 |agency=Mint |publisher=www.livemint.com |date=21 September 2022}}</ref>
| owner = [[Government of West Bengal]]
| type = [[Deep-sea port]]
| sizewater =
| sizeland =
| size =
| berths =
| wharfs =
| piers =
| employees =
| leadershiptitle =
| leader =
| length_of_approach_channel = {{convert|18.8|km|mi}}
| blankdetailstitle1 = Water depth at harbour basin
| blankdetails1 = {{convert|18|m}}
| draft_depth = {{convert|16|m}}
| arrivals =
| cargotonnage =
| containervolume =
| cargovalue =
| passengertraffic =
| revenue =
| profit =
| website =
}}

'''Tajpur Port''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: তাজপুর বন্দর)<ref>{{cite news|title=Cabinet to take call on Tajpur port|work=Telegraph India|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170602/jsp/business/story_154688.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504011124/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170602/jsp/business/story_154688.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 May 2018}}</ref> is a proposed greenfield<ref name="business-standard"/> [[deep-sea port]] in [[Tajpur, West Bengal|Tajpur]], [[Purba Medinipur|East Midnapore district]], [[West Bengal]]. The port will be built on the coast of [[Bay of Bengal]] near [[Tajpur, West Bengal|Tajpur]]. The construction of the port was awarded to the [[Adani Ports & SEZ|Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone Limited]] in September, 2022.<ref name="business-standard">{{cite news |title=West Bengal govt nod to Adani's Tajpur greenfield port development |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/west-bengal-govt-nod-to-adani-s-tajpur-greenfield-port-development-122091901134_1.html |access-date=20 September 2022 |agency=Business Standard |publisher=www.business-standard.com |date=19 September 2022 |location=Kolkata}}</ref><ref name="thehindubusinessline">{{cite news |title=WB Govt approves issuance of Letter of Intent to APSEZ for Tajpur Port development |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/wb-govt-approves-issuance-of-letter-of-intent-to-apsez-for-tajpur-port-development/article65910348.ece |access-date=20 September 2022 |agency=The Hindu Business Line |publisher=www.thehindubusinessline.com|date=19 September 2022}}</ref> Chief Minister [[Mamata Banerjee]] handed over Letter of Intent (LoI) to build the port to Karan Adani, son of Adani Group Chairman [[Gautam Adani]], at the "Bijaya Sammelani" organized on 12 October 2022 at [[Eco Park, New Town|Eco Park]], [[New Town, Kolkata]].<ref name="Anandabazar1">{{cite news |title=বিজয়া সম্মেলনীতে আদানি গোষ্ঠীকে তাজপুরে ১৫ হাজার কোটির বন্দর নির্মাণের অনুমতি দিলেন মমতা |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/cm-mamata-banerjee-gives-permission-to-adani-group-to-build-port-in-tajpur-at-bijaya-sammelani-dgtl/cid/1376462 |access-date=12 October 2022 |agency=Anandabazar |publisher=www.anandabazar.com |date=12 October 2022 |location=Kolkata |language=bn}}</ref><ref name="economictimes">{{cite news |author1=Jayatri Nag |title=West Bengal govt hands over LoI to Adani Ports for Tajpur port |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/shipping-/-transport/west-bengal-govt-hands-over-loi-to-adani-ports-for-tajpur-port/articleshow/94817650.cms |access-date=12 October 2022 |agency=The Economic Times |publisher=economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=12 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref> After the construction of the port, it will be the first [[deep-sea port]] in West Bengal.<ref name="Anandabazar"/> It is estimated that the port will be constructed at a cost of ₹25,000 crores ($3.1 billion) .<ref name="Anandabazar">{{cite news |title=বিনিয়োগ ১৫ হাজার কোটি, আদানি গোষ্ঠীকে তাজপুরে সমুদ্র বন্দর নির্মাণের ছাড়পত্র দিল মন্ত্রিসভা |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/mamata-banerjee-cabinet-gave-permission-to-adani-group-to-build-tajpur-port-with-an-investment-of-rs-15000-crore-dgtl/cid/1371215 |access-date=20 September 2022 |agency=Anandabazar |publisher=www.anandabazar.com |date=19 September 2022 |location=Kolkata |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=Suman Chakraborti |title=Adani bags Rs 25,000 crore Tajpur port development project in WB |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/adani-bags-rs-25000-crore-tajpur-port-development-project-in-wb/articleshow/94314165.cms |access-date=20 September 2022 |agency=Times of India |publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=20 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="Mint">{{cite news |title=Adani Ports secures ₹25,000 cr Tajpur port project in West Bengal |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/adani-ports-secures-25-000-crore-port-project-in-west-bengal-11663762086643.html |access-date=21 September 2022 |agency=Mint |publisher=www.livemint.com |date=21 September 2022}}</ref>

The port will consist of a harbour protected by Breakwaters, and [[Channel (geography)#Nautical channels|deep channel]]. Cargo will be handled through port's [[Container port|container terminal]], dry bulk cargo terminal, multipurpose cargo terminal and coal terminal. It will have a maximum depth of 18 meters and will be able to accommodate [[panamax]] and capesized vessels. A statement from the [[Government of West Bengal|state government]] estimated that the port's net draft with tidal support would be around 16 meters, allowing [[Capesize]] vessels with 100,000 [[Deadweight tonnage |DWT]] (deadweight tonnage) to enter the proposed port.<ref name="telegraphindia">{{cite news |title=Bengal awards Tajpur port to Adani |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/business/bengal-awards-tajpur-port-to-adani/cid/1887646 |access-date=20 September 2022 |agency=The Telegraph India |publisher=www.telegraphindia.com |date=20 September 2022 |location=Kolkata}}</ref>

== Location and meteorology ==
Tajpur Port site is situated on the coast of [[Bay of Bengal]] at Tajpur, located in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]]. The port is located {{convert|170|km|abbr=on}}<ref name="indianexpress"/> from India's third-most populous Megacity, [[Kolkata]]. It is located {{convert|380|km|abbr=on}} and {{convert|100|km|abbr=on}} away from industrial city of [[Asansol]] and port city of [[Haldia]] by road respectively.<ref name="indianexpress">{{cite news |title=Adani Group to get letter of intent from govt for Tajpur port |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/adani-group-to-get-letter-of-intent-from-govt-for-tajpur-port-8161028/ |access-date=20 September 2022 |agency=The Indian Express |publisher=www.indianexpress.com |date=20 September 2022 |location=Kolkata}}</ref>

Topographically the port site is situated on a flat land, which are sloping gently. Unconsolidated sedimentary deposits of [[Quaternary]] period are seen in this area. The area falls under the [[Ganges Delta|deltaic plain of Bengal]], and the deltaic plain of Bengal is characterized by thick deposits of unconsolidated sediments. The port area falls under class III seismic zone, which indicating a moderate risk of earthquakes. As there are no natural harbour, there are plans to build artificial harbour by [[Breakwater (structure)|Breakwaters]], along with port infrastructure on reclaimed land from the sea.
== History ==
=== Background ===
West Bengal's main port is [[Port of Kolkata|Kolkata Port]] (including [[Haldia Port]]), but because of the shallow depth of the [[Hooghly River|Hooghly river]], it is impossible to anchor ocean-going vessels there. As a result, shipping growth is declining. Commodities in [[Kolkata]] and [[Asansol]]-[[Durgapur]] industrial region are instead taken to [[Paradip Port|Paradip port]]. The future of the state's port industry and the Haldia industrial region is uncertain and, for this reason, the [[Government of West Bengal|state government]] decided to act.<ref>{{cite news|title=First phase of Tajpur port to be ready in 3 years|work=The Indian Express|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/first-phase-of-tajpur-port-to-be-ready-in-3-years-2981841/}}</ref>
=== Planning ===
The proposal to build the port at [[Tajpur, West Bengal|Tajpur]] was made by the [[Government of West Bengal]], which was first announced by [[Mamata Banerjee]]–the [[List of chief ministers of West Bengal|Chief Minister of West Bengal]]–in 2016. Its main objective was to overcome the navigability problem of the [[Haldia Port|Haldia Dock Complex]] and Kolkata Dock System belonging to the [[Port of Kolkata]] in West Bengal, which created a problem of excess cost in importing and exporting goods. Other benefits include proximity to deep-sea port to West Bengal's industrial hubs and reduced dependence on ports in the neighboring [[Odisha|state of Odisha]], and improved sea connectivity with the rest of the world.

The [[Government of West Bengal]] had initially decided to build this port on a [[build–operate–transfer]] (BOT) model through private sector as a single initiative. The [[Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways]] of India subsequently expressed interest to join the port project, and demanded a 76 percent stake for the [[Port of Kolkata]] (now Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port, Kolkata). However, the Government of West Bengal was willing to give 26 percent stake in the proposed port project. Later, the Government of West Bengal informed that if the Government of India provided financial assistance for the construction of a bridge over the [[Muri Ganga River]] to connect [[Sagar Island|Sagar Dwip]] in [[South 24 Parganas]] with the mainland, then 76 percent stake of the Port project would be given to the Port of Kolkata. Even after accepting the state's proposal, the Government of West Bengal took up the plan to build the port by the private sector due to taking no initiative on the bridge construction project.

It was informed by the Government of West Bengal, the total investment for the construction of the port will be approximately ₹25 thousand crores, of which ₹15 thousand crores will be invested by private companies for the construction of port infrastructure, and the West Bengal government itself will invest 10 thousand crores for the construction of road and necessary infrastructure. This port construction project will create about 25,000 jobs directly and more than one lakh jobs indirectly.

=== Development ===
In January 2019, the state decided to develop the port on its own, as the state government alleged that the centre had done "nothing" to start work on the project in the prior three years.<ref>{{cite news|title=State to go solo to build Tajpur port|work=Business Standard|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/kopt-shocked-as-wb-govt-decides-to-go-solo-for-tajpur-port-119011601304_1.html}}</ref>

The West Bengal government called for expressions of interest (EoI) from global agencies to set up a deep-sea port in Public-Private Partnership in East Midnapore at Tajpur on 28 December 2020. Mamata Banerjee had announced that around ₹4,200 crore will be the investments by the State government, West Bengal Chief Minister.The project is expected to draw investments to the tune of ₹15,000 crore; There will not be any land acquisition involved as there is adequate land available for the project, she had said.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WB govt calls for EOI to set up deep sea port in Tajpur|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/wb-govt-calls-for-eoi-to-set-up-deep-sea-port-in-tajpur/article33438450.ece|website=The Hindu BusinessLine|publisher=}}</ref>

== Port details ==
=== Harbour ===
The harbour of the Tajpur [[Deep-sea port|deep sea port]] will be an artificial harbour, which protected by Breakwaters. The prescribed water depth for the harbour basin is 18 meters, which will accommodate large ships; the maneuvering basin between the harbour basin and the approach channel will be 16 meters deep. The land required for the construction of infrastructure for cargo handling will be reclaimed from the sea by filling with sediment.<ref name="indianexpress"/>

;Terminals:
Six berths are to be built in the first phase followed by an additional nine berths. By separating it from the coast, beaches are not expected to be impacted. Each terminal will be multipurpose.

=== Approach channel ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%" align=right
|+ Depth of water in the channel
|-
! colspan="2"| Depth
! rowspan="2"| Measure (meters)
|-
! Condition
! Value
|-
! rowspan="2" | Natural depth
| [[Seabed]] (below CD) || {{convert|3.5–12.5|m|ft}}
|-
| Dredged || {{convert|12.5|m|ft}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | Tidal depth
| Maximum (Highest observed water level) || {{convert|18.90|m|ft}}
|-
| Minimum (Lowest observed water level) || {{convert|16.20|m|ft}}
|}
An 18.8 km (11.7 mi) long approach channel at open sea will be used for the movement of ships to the port's harbour. The approach channel has a depth of 12.5 m (41 ft) below [[chart datum]] and {{convert|14|m|ft}} below [[Sea level]] (MSL), and a minimum width of 200 m (660 ft), allowing vessels with a draft of 12 m to arrive and depart the harbour without tidal assistance. However, the highest and lowest tides observed in the harbour area are 4.90 m (16.1 ft) and 2.20 m (7.2 ft) above Sea level (MSL) respectively, which can significantly increase the depth of the approach channel. At high tide the channel will be more than 16 m (52 ft) deep with tidal support; vessels with a maximum draft of 16 meters (52 ft) or more and a minimum draft of 14 meters (46 ft) are able to navigate during this period.

== Connectivity ==
[[File:Contai-Digha Road - NH 116B - Palli Bharati - East Midnapore 2015-05-02 9320.JPG|thumb|Contai-Digha section of National Highway 116B.]]
The nearest national highway from the port is [[National Highway 116B (India)|National Highway 116B]], which is at a distance of 5.5 km. The national highway starts from [[National Highway 116 (India)|National Highway 116]] at [[Nandakumar, Purba Medinipur|Nandakumar]] and ends at [[Digha]] near [[Tajpur, West Bengal|Tajpur]]. A 4-lane road has been planned for seamless connectivity between the port and the national highway.

There are plans to connect the port to the existing [[Tamluk–Digha branch line]]. The port is connected to Dankuni, the eastern terminus of the [[Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor]], and Kharagpur, the eastern terminus of the proposed [[East-West Dedicated Freight Corridor]], through the Tamluk-Digha branch line. By rail, Dankuni is 217 km and Kharagpur is 119 km from Tajpur.

==References ==
{{Reflist|3}}

{{Ports in West Bengal}}

[[Category:Ports and harbours of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Purba Medinipur district]]
[[Category:Proposed ports in India]]

Sallu Ki Shaadi

2026-03-11T20:35:25Z

Donnell05T: update

{{Undisclosed paid|date=April 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sallu ki Shaadi
| image = Sallu Ki Shaadi film poster.jpg
| caption =
| native_name = 
| director = Mohammad Israr Ansari<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gu_cSXf1zGo|title=Official Trailer: Sallu Ki Shaadi - Movie Releasing on 8th December|date=20 November 2017|publisher=|via=YouTube|access-date=22 November 2017|archive-date=29 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171129220954/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gu_cSXf1zGo|url-status=live}}</ref>
| producer = Mohammad Israr Ansari
| cinematography = Danial Gomes
| screenplay = Mohammad Israr Ansari Amit Jha Vivek Modi<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/sallu-ki-shaadi/cast/|title=Sallu Ki Shaadi Cast & Crew|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=8 December 2017 |access-date=3 July 2023|archive-date=26 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126204419/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/sallu-ki-shaadi/cast/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| based_on = 
| starring = Kashyap Barbhaya Arshin Mehta Kiran Kumar Asrani Sandeep Anand Razzak Khan Ravi Pandey Ranjana Khatiwada Arvind Kumar Valentina [[Zeenat Aman]]
| music = Prashant Singh<ref name="auto"/> Manu Rajeev<ref name="auto" />
| editing = JD Singh Vimal Kumawat<ref name="auto"/> Siddhartha Das
| released = {{Film date|2017|12|08|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| studio = Aman Films Production Angel's Production Brosis Production House Worldwide Records
| budget = 
| gross = 
| distributor = Admant Picture
}}
'''''Sallu ki Shaadi''''' ({{translation|Sallu's Wedding}}) is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Romance film|romantic]] [[action film]] directed by Mohammad Israr Ansari.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-11-19 |title=Director dedicates upcoming film 'Sallu Ki Shaadi' to Salman Khan |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1562692/4-director-dedicates-upcoming-film-sallu-ki-shaadi-salman-khan |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=The Express Tribune |archive-date=26 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126001543/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1562692/4-director-dedicates-upcoming-film-sallu-ki-shaadi-salman-khan/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film stars Kashyap Barbhaya, Arshin Mehta, [[Zeenat Aman]] and [[Asrani]], with [[Razak Khan]] and [[Kiran Kumar]] in supporting roles.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mid Day|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/sallu-ki-shaadi-dedicated-to-salman-khan-says-director/18753169|accessdate=28 January 2017|agency=Mid Day|archive-date=19 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119123823/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/sallu-ki-shaadi-dedicated-to-salman-khan-says-director/18753169|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=LOL: This girl is adamant on marrying Sallu on Dec 8|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/lol-girl-adamant-marrying-sallu-dec-8/|website=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=28 January 2017|archive-date=22 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122115928/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/lol-girl-adamant-marrying-sallu-dec-8/|url-status=live}}</ref> Dedicated to [[Salman Khan]] (also known as Sallu), ''Sallu ki Shaadi'' was released on 8 December 2017.

==Release==
The film was released worldwide on 8 December 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/kanpur/bollywood-film-sallu-ki-shadi-releasing-on-december|title=Sallu Ki Shaadi: 'जब तक भाईजान शादी नहीं करेंगे, मैं भी नहीं करूंगा' - Amarujala|publisher=amarujala.com|access-date=8 December 2017|archive-date=8 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208210658/https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/kanpur/bollywood-film-sallu-ki-shadi-releasing-on-december|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Zeenat and Shahnawaz meet each other at a film theatre in 1989, during a screening of Salman Khan's ''[[Maine Pyar Kiya]]'', and fall in love. They marry, and live happily with their children Sallu and Ilmi, until Shahnawaz dies of cancer. Twenty years later, Zeenat wants to honour Shahnawaz's final wish, which is to find a suitable girl for their son Sallu and get him married. The only problem is that Sallu is a die-hard fan of his [[Salman Khan|namesake]] and has resolved that he will remain a bachelor for as long as his idol does.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/entertainment/bollywood-vishesh-new-film-called-sallu-ki-shaadi-which-based-on-marriage-of-salman-khan-17066482.html|title=सलमान खान की शादी का सवाल फिर उठा, अब तो ज़िद पर अड़े लोग|publisher=|access-date=8 December 2017|archive-date=9 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209044353/https://m.jagran.com/entertainment/bollywood-vishesh-new-film-called-sallu-ki-shaadi-which-based-on-marriage-of-salman-khan-17066482.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Cast==

* Kashyap Barbhaya as Sallu
* [[Zeenat Aman]] as Sallu's Mother
* [[Kiran Kumar]] as Sallu's Father
* [[Asrani]]
* [[Razzak Khan]]
* Arvind Kumar
* Arshin Mehta
* Ravi Pandey
* Ranjana Khatiwada
* [[Sameeksha Sud|sameeksha sud]]
* [[Gauahar Khan]]
* Sandeep Anand
* Sandeep Singh Bhadouria
* Vivek Modi as Guilty Man<ref name="auto" />

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Sallu Ki Shadi
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = Nakash Aziz, Manu Rajeev
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2017|11|25}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=21|s=37}}
| language = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Tumhari Sulu]]
| prev_year = 2017
| next_title = [[Ram Ratan (2017 film)|Ram Ratan]]
| next_year = 2017
}}

=== Track listing ===
{{Track listing
|extra_column = Singer(s)
|title1=Hukka
| note1 =
|extra1 =
|length1= 04:23

| title2 =
|lyrics2=
|music2=
| writer2 =
|extra2=

|title3= Bismil Hai
| note3 =
|length3= 03:28
|lyrics3=
| writer3 =
|extra3=

|title4= Sallu Ki Shaadi-Title Track
| note4 =
| extra4 =
| length4= 03:46
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|tt7722484}}

[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:2017 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2017 Indian films]]
[[Category:2010s romantic action films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic action films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Dubai]]
[[Category:Salman Khan]]
[[Category:Films about Indian weddings]]
[[Category:Films about Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Films set in 1989]]
[[Category:Films set in 2009]]
[[Category:Films about sexual abstinence]]
[[Category:Films about virginity]]

{{2010s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Syed Nayeemuddin

2026-03-06T11:07:14Z

Donnell05T:

{{Short description|Indian footballer and coach (born 1944)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox football biography
|name = Syed Nayeemuddin
|full_name = Syed Nayeemuddin<ref>{{cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/halloffame/nayeemuddin_syed.html|title=Indian Football Hall of Fame: Syed Nayeemuddin|website=indianfootball.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|access-date=1 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181625/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/halloffame/nayeemuddin_syed.html|archive-date=9 July 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nayeemuddin is football coach|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20051003/sports.htm#10|access-date=9 February 2016|website=www.tribuneindia.com|publisher=Tribune India|date=2 October 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103112051/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20051003/sports.htm|archive-date=3 January 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|image = Syed Nayeemuddin - South 24 Parganas 2016-02-14 1242.JPG
|upright =
|caption = Nayeemuddin in 2016
|birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1944}}
|birth_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Hyderabad State|Nizam Rule]], [[British India]] (present-day [[Telangana]], [[India]])
|height =
|position = [[Defender (association football)|Defender]]
|currentclub =
|youthyears1 =
|youthclubs1 =
|years1 = 1962–1966
|clubs1 = [[Hyderabad City Police (football club)|Hyderabad City Police]]
|caps1 =
|goals1 =
|years2 = 1966–1968
|clubs2 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|caps2 =
|goals2 =
|years3 = 1968–1970
|clubs3 = [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]
|caps3 =
|goals3 =
|years4 = 1970
|clubs4 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|caps4 =
|goals4 =
|years5 = 1971–1972
|clubs5 = [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|caps5 =
|goals5 =
|years6 = 1972–1973
|clubs6 = [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]
|caps6 =
|goals6 =
|years7 = 197?–?
|clubs7 = [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|caps7 =
|goals7 =
|totalcaps =
|totalgoals =
|nationalyears1 = 1964–1971
|nationalteam1 = [[India national football team|India]]
|nationalcaps1 =
|nationalgoals1 =
|manageryears1 = 1982–1985
|managerclubs1 = [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|manageryears2 = 1985–1986
|managerclubs2 = [[India national under-17 football team|India U-17]]
|manageryears3 = 1986–1987
|managerclubs3 = [[India national football team|India]]
|manageryears4 = 1990–1992
|managerclubs4 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|manageryears5 = 1992–1994
|managerclubs5 = [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]
|manageryears6 = 1994–1996
|managerclubs6 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|manageryears7 = 1997–1998<ref>{{cite web|first=Neil|last=Morrison|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesn/nehru87.html|title=Nehru Cup (Kozhikode (Calicut)) 1987|website=[[RSSSF]]|access-date=18 March 2022|archive-date=8 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708063851/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesn/nehru87.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|managerclubs7 = [[India national football team|India]]
|manageryears8 = 2003–2004<ref name="Brothers">{{Cite web|url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/09/08/d40908040131.htm|title=The Daily Star Web Edition Vol. 5 Num 106|website=archive.thedailystar.net|archive-date=15 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215074903/https://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/09/08/d40908040131.htm|location=Mirpur|date=8 September 2004|access-date=26 September 2023}}</ref>
|managerclubs8 = [[Brothers Union]]
|manageryears9 = 2004–2005
|managerclubs9 = [[Mahindra United F.C.|Mahindra United]]
|manageryears10 = 2005–2006
|managerclubs10 = [[India national football team|India]]
|manageryears11 = 2007–2016
|managerclubs11 = [[Brothers Union]]
|manageryears12 = 2016
|managerclubs12 = [[Brothers Union]]
|manageryears13 = 2007–2008
|managerclubs13 = [[Bangladesh national football team|Bangladesh]]
|manageryears14 = 2017
|managerclubs14 = [[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Dhaka)|Dhaka Mohammedan]]
|manageryears15 = 2018–2019
|managerclubs15 = [[Brothers Union]]
|medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[AFC Asian Cup]]}}
{{Medal|RU|[[1964 AFC Asian Cup|1964 Israel]]|[[1964 AFC Asian Cup squads#India|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Football at the 1970 Asian Games|1970 Bangkok]]|[[Football at the 1970 Asian Games – Men's team squads|Team]]}}
}}

'''Syed Nayeemuddin''' (born 1944), known as '''Nayeem''',<ref>{{cite web |author= Sengupta, Somnath |title= Legends Of Indian Football : Sayeed Nayeemuddin |url= http://www.thehardtackle.com/2013/legends-of-indian-football-sayeed-nayeemuddin/ |website= thehardtackle.com |publisher=The Hard Tackle |date= 25 July 2013 |access-date= 14 October 2014 |archive-date= 6 December 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181206024524/http://www.thehardtackle.com/2013/legends-of-indian-football-sayeed-nayeemuddin/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Nayeem-showers-praise-on-Bhutia/articleshow/1337971.cms |title=Nayeem showers praise on Bhutia |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=19 December 2005 |access-date=17 July 2021 |archive-date=1 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101072203/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Nayeem-showers-praise-on-Bhutia/articleshow/1337971.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> is an Indian [[Association football|football]] [[coach (sports)|coach]] and former player.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.123india.com/alokghosh/Heritage/Our%20Sportsmen.htm|title=OUR SPORTSMEN|website=123india.com|access-date=27 September 2007|archive-date=27 September 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210527/http://home.123india.com/alokghosh/Heritage/Our%20Sportsmen.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://thehardtackle.com/2013/lack-of-focus-on-youth-development-is-biggest-problem-of-indian-football-arun-ghosh-exclusive-interview/|date=23 August 2013|access-date=26 August 2022|website=thehardtackle.com|publisher=The Hard Tackle|title="Lack of Focus on Youth Development Is The Biggest Problem of Indian Football" – Arun Ghosh (Exclusive Interview)|first1=Somnath|last1=Sengupta|first2=Aindrila|last2=Ghosh|first3=Bhaktimoy|last3=Sengupta|location=Kolkata|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127020642/http://www.thehardtackle.com/2013/lack-of-focus-on-youth-development-is-biggest-problem-of-indian-football-arun-ghosh-exclusive-interview/|archive-date=27 January 2022}}</ref> He played for and [[Captain (association football)|captained]] the [[India national football team|India national team]].<ref name="India">[http://www.rediff.com/sports/2006/may/27coach.htm Houghton poised to become India coach]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070820044314/http://www.rediff.com/sports/2006/may/27coach.htm |date=20 August 2007 }}. Rediff news, 27 May 2006.</ref> He later managed [[Mahindra United]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nayak|first=Nicolai|title=Rise of a new champion: When Mahindra United became the first Mumbai team to win the NFL title|url=https://scroll.in/field/963917/rise-of-a-new-champion-when-mahindra-united-became-the-first-mumbai-team-to-win-the-nfl-title|access-date=8 June 2020|website=Scroll.in|date=8 June 2020 |language=en-US|archive-date=6 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106135913/https://scroll.in/field/963917/rise-of-a-new-champion-when-mahindra-united-became-the-first-mumbai-team-to-win-the-nfl-title}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/transfers2004.html|title=Season ending Transfers 2004: India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217030450/http://www.indianfootball.de/transfers2004.html|archive-date=17 February 2020|website=indianfootball.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|access-date=1 July 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Brothers Union]], [[Dhaka Mohammedan]],<ref>[https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/football/nayeemuddin-wants-revive-msc-1402717 Nayeemuddin wants to revive MSC]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825072718/https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/football/nayeemuddin-wants-revive-msc-1402717 |date=25 August 2021 }} ''The Daily Star''. Retrieved 25 August 2021.</ref> and [[Bangladesh national football team|Bangladesh national team]].

Nayeemuddin is the only sportsperson to win both the [[Arjuna Award]] (received the award by the [[Government of India]] in 1997)<ref>{{cite web|title=National Award winning Footballers|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/nationalawards.html|website=indianfootball.de|publisher=IndianFootball|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|date=2000|access-date=25 January 2019|archive-date=1 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001123849/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/nationalawards.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Arjuna Award winners |url=http://yas.nic.in/yasroot/awards/arjuna.htm |publisher=Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports |access-date=10 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225221945/http://yas.nic.in/yasroot/awards/arjuna.htm |archive-date=25 December 2007 }}</ref> and [[Dronacharya Award]], recognising his contribution to the sport.

==Playing career==
Nayeemuddin began his club football career in 1962 with [[Hyderabad City Police FC|Hyderabad City Police]] (now known as "Andhra Pradesh Police"),<ref>{{cite web|last=Strack-Zimmermann|first=Benjamin|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/60705/Syed_Nayeemuddin.html|title=NFT player — National team & Club appearances: Nayeemuddin, Syed|publisher=National Football Teams|access-date=18 January 2023|archive-date=28 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928155814/https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/60705/Syed_Nayeemuddin.html|website=national-football-teams.com}}</ref> which was then a renowned side in [[Football in India|Indian club football]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2019-20-hyderabad-football-history|first=Sudipto|last=Biswas|title=Hyderabad Football: Retracing the city's rich legacy in the sport|website=khelnow.com|publisher=Khel Now|date=1 November 2019|access-date=21 August 2022|archive-date=1 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501003445/https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2019-20-hyderabad-football-history}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Down the memory lane - The fascinating story of Hyderabad City Police club|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/indian-football-down-the-memory-lane-hyderabad-city-police/16efj51rt5fzr1ez72zudmm4wf|website=Goal.com|last1=Banerjee|first1=Ritabrata|date=25 April 2020|access-date=2 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222083110/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/indian-football-down-the-memory-lane-hyderabad-city-police/16efj51rt5fzr1ez72zudmm4wf|archive-date=22 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=N Jagannath Das|title=Remembering Syed Abdul Rahim|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/2009/oct/10/remembering-syed-abdul-rahim-91378.html|date=10 October 2009|access-date=27 April 2021|website=The New Indian Express|archive-date=27 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427101351/https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/2009/oct/10/remembering-syed-abdul-rahim-91378.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In an interview to ''[[Scroll.in]]'', [[Balai Dey]] (one of the few footballers who represented both India and Pakistan in international football) said that he was most impressed by players like [[Chuni Goswami]] and Syed Nayeemuddin during his playing days with Kolkata clubs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/field/1030283/indian-football-balai-dey-the-mohun-bagan-legend-who-played-for-both-india-and-pakistan|title=Indian Football: Balai Dey, the Mohun Bagan legend who played for both India and Pakistan|website=scroll.in|publisher=[[Scroll.in|Scroll]]|date=13 August 2022|access-date=13 August 2022|first=Jaydeep|last=Basu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813112136/https://scroll.in/field/1030283/indian-football-balai-dey-the-mohun-bagan-legend-who-played-for-both-india-and-pakistan|archive-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> In 1968, Nayeemuddin joined [[Mohun Bagan AC|Mohun Bagan]] and played under "diamond coach" [[Amal Dutta]], and won the 1969 [[IFA Shield]] with a 3–1 victory against East Bengal in the final.<ref>{{cite web |title=1960 to 1969 |url=http://www.mohunbaganclub.com/history/726-2/ |website=Mohun Bagan Club |access-date=6 May 2022 |archive-date=5 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505210606/http://www.mohunbaganclub.com/history/726-2/ }}</ref> Nayeemuddin later joined Mohun Bagan and was part of the team that went to a newly independent [[Bangladesh]] in May 1972, where they defeated [[Mohammedan SC (Dhaka)|Dhaka Mohammedan]] in their first match, but lost to [[Shadhin Bangla football team]] later.<ref name="Mohun Bagan to Bangladesh">{{cite web|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/sports/football/%E0%A7%AD-%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8|title=৭ কোটি মানুষের জন্য ভালোবাসা নিয়ে ঢাকায় এসেছিল মোহনবাগান|first=Masud|last=Alam|website=www.prothomalo.com|publisher=[[Prothom Alo|The Daily Prothom Alo]]|language=bn|trans-title=Mohun Bagan came to Dhaka with love for 7 crore people|location=Dhaka, Bangladesh|agency=|date=19 April 2022|access-date=19 October 2022|archive-date=2 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002192020/https://www.prothomalo.com/sports/football/%E0%A7%AD-%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8}}</ref>

He made his senior international debut for [[Syed Abdul Rahim]] managed [[India national football team|India]] in 1964. In that year, he was part of the Indian team<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hans/2018-07-14/Old-timers-recollect-past-glory-of-city-football/398165|title=Old-timers recollect past glory of city football|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022162920/https://www.thehansindia.com/amp/posts/index/Hans/2018-07-14/Old-timers-recollect-past-glory-of-city-football/398165|archive-date=22 October 2021|publisher=[[The Hans India]]|date=14 July 2018|access-date=5 September 2021|first=Mohammed|last=Nizamuddin|location=[[Hyderabad]], Telangana}}</ref> that finished as runners-up at the [[1964 AFC Asian Cup]], losing to [[Israel national football team|Israel]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Dominic Bossi |url=http://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/winners-and-losers-of-the-2015-asian-cup-20150130-131rgl.html |title=Winners and losers of the 2015 Asian Cup |publisher=Smh.com.au |date=30 January 2015 |access-date=3 May 2015 |archive-date=13 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213074738/https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/winners-and-losers-of-the-2015-asian-cup-20150130-131rgl.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/football-israels-forgotten-heroes-who-brought-asian-cup-in-1964/articleshow/36068192.cms |title=Football: Israel's forgottten heroes who brought Asian Cup in 1964 - The Economic Times |publisher=Economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=4 June 2014 |access-date=3 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.totalfootballmag.com/features/columnists/asian-eye-indian-football-still-finding-its-feet/ |title=Asian Eye - Indian football still finding its feet :: Total Football Magazine - Premier League, Championship, League One, League Two, Non-League News |publisher=Totalfootballmag.com |access-date=3 May 2015 |archive-date=13 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213074737/http://www.totalfootballmag.com/features/columnists/asian-eye-indian-football-still-finding-its-feet/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He captained the [[India national football team|India national team]] that won a bronze medal at the [[1970 Asian Games]] in [[Bangkok]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian football's finest: 50 years on, remembering the stars of 1970 Asian Games bronze-winning team|website=www.scroll.in|publisher=Scroll|first=Jaydeep|last=Basu|access-date=27 February 2022|url=https://scroll.in/field/951976/indian-footballs-finest-50-years-on-remembering-the-stars-of-1970-asian-games-bronze-winning-team|date=3 February 2020|archive-date=24 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024824/https://scroll.in/field/951976/indian-footballs-finest-50-years-on-remembering-the-stars-of-1970-asian-games-bronze-winning-team}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=18 October 2012 |newspaper=The Free Press Journal |title=Former India goalkeeper Bandya Kakade is no more |url=http://freepressjournal.in/former-india-goalkeeper-bandya-kakade-is-no-more/ |access-date=13 July 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130713055423/http://freepressjournal.in/former-india-goalkeeper-bandya-kakade-is-no-more/ |archive-date=13 July 2013}}</ref> and was also a member of the team that won Pesta Sukan Cup in 1971 in [[Singapore]]. With India, he also appeared in the 1968 [[Merdeka Tournament|Merdeka Cup]] under coach [[Sailen Manna]],<ref>{{cite web |first=Arunava |last=Chaudhuri |title=The Senior National Team at 1961 Merdeka Cup |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1961merdekacup.html |website=indiafootball.de |publisher=IndiaFootball |date=2003 |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220134029/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1961merdekacup.html |archive-date=20 February 2017 }}</ref> and in the 1969 Merdeka Cup, managed by [[Jarnail Singh (footballer)|Jarnail Singh]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Senior National Team at 1969 Merdeka Cup |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1969merdekacup.html |website=indiafootball.de |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819215109/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1969merdekacup.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Nayeemuddin represented [[West Bengal football team|Bengal]] in [[Santosh Trophy]] in 1970–71, in which they lost to [[Punjab football team (India)|Punjab]] in the semi-final.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}} As one of the best Indian defenders during his playing days, Nayeemuddin was part of the country's solid defensive trio in the 1960s, along with [[Jarnail Singh (footballer)|Jarnail Singh]] and [[Arun Ghosh]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/still-get-goosebumps-remembering-1962-asian-games-football-gold-arun-ghosh/articleshow/77930006.cms|title=Still get goosebumps remembering 1962 Asian Games football gold run: Arun Ghosh|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|date=4 September 2020|agency=PTI|access-date=2 August 2022|archive-date=21 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821080544/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/still-get-goosebumps-remembering-1962-asian-games-football-gold-arun-ghosh/articleshow/77930006.cms}}</ref>

==Managerial career==

[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi felicitating the Indian football legends, at the 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup match, in New Delhi (1).jpg|thumb|Nayeemuddin being felicitated by the Prime Minister of India, [[Narendra Modi]], at the grand opening of [[2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup]] in [[New Delhi]].]]
After managing Mohammedan Sporting from 1982 to 1985, Nayeemuddin was appointed head coach of [[India national under-17 football team|India U17 team]] and guided the team in [[1985 AFC U-16 Championship qualification|1985 AFC U-16 Championship qualifiers]]. They failed to qualify the [[1985 AFC U-16 Championship|main round]] but managed to win 13–0 against [[Macau national under-17 football team|Macau]], which is still the biggest win of India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/india-13-0-macau-india-u-16-teams-biggest-ever-victory/1pflwqnjs2s4m1wosmt3px1sni|title=India 13–0 Macau: Looking back at India U-16 team's biggest ever victory|website=goal.com|publisher=Goal|date=3 September 2017|access-date=11 February 2023|first=Atanu|last=Mitra|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909180504/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/india-13-0-macau-india-u-16-teams-biggest-ever-victory/1pflwqnjs2s4m1wosmt3px1sni|archive-date=9 September 2017}}</ref> In 1987, Nayeemuddin became assistant coach of [[Amal Dutta]] managed India, and guided the team clinching gold medal at the [[Football at the 1987 South Asian Games|Calcutta South Asian Games]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Indian Senior Team at the 1987 Calcutta SAF Games |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1987safgames.html |website=indiafootball.de |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190314010952/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1987safgames.html |archive-date=14 March 2019 |url-status=dead |first=Arunava |last=Chaudhuri |date=2000}}</ref> The next year, he became head coach and Dutta became technical director.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sengupta|first=Somnath|title=Tactical Evolution of Indian Football (Part Three): PK Banerjee – Amal Dutta – Nayeemuddin|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2011/tactical-evolution-of-indian-football-part-three-pk-banerjee-amal-dutta-nayeemuddin/|location=Kolkata|date=13 July 2011|access-date=16 March 2021|website=thehardtackle.com|publisher=The Hard Tackle|language=en-US|archive-date=14 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714062345/http://www.thehardtackle.com/2011/tactical-evolution-of-indian-football-part-three-pk-banerjee-amal-dutta-nayeemuddin/}}</ref>

In 1990, he was appointed as head coach of [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Rise of East Bengal Club|url=http://eastbengalfootballclub.com/legacy.php|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818124203/http://eastbengalfootballclub.com/legacy.php|archive-date=18 August 2012|access-date=10 August 2012|work=East Bengal Football Club}}</ref> In his first season, he led the club to their second ''Triple-crown'' of [[Football in India|Indian football]] (IFA Shield, Durand Cup, and Rovers Cup).<ref>{{cite web|first=Rith|last=Basu|date=9 September 2012|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/champion-of-champions-with-cup-full-of-firsts/cid/1283799|title=Champion of champions with cup full of firsts|website=www.telegraphindia.com|publisher=The Telegraph|access-date=6 July 2021|archive-date=6 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706122945/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/champion-of-champions-with-cup-full-of-firsts/cid/1283799|url-status=live}}</ref> He helped East Bengal winning six trophies in two seasons in his first stint with the club. He was again appointed as the head coach in 1994 when he again led the team to seven trophies in two seasons. He had one more stint as the head coach in 2000 and holds the record of winning eighteen trophies as the head coach of the club, only second to [[P. K. Banerjee]].<ref name=timeline1>{{cite web|first=Team|last=Sportstar|date=1 August 2020|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/magazine/east-bengal-100-years-indian-football-ifa-shield-cfl-calcutta-football-league-mohun-bagan-kolkata-derby/article32241569.ece|title=100 years of East Bengal: A timeline|website=sportstar.thehindu.com|publisher=[[Sportstar]]|access-date=1 July 2021|archive-date=29 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629224925/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/magazine/east-bengal-100-years-indian-football-ifa-shield-cfl-calcutta-football-league-mohun-bagan-kolkata-derby/article32241569.ece}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=The World Sports Today|date=1 August 2020|url=https://theworldsportstoday.com/100-years-of-east-bengal-a-timeline-of-kolkata-giants-key-milestones/|title=100 years of East Bengal: A timeline of Kolkata giant's key milestones|website=theworldsportstoday.com|access-date=29 June 2021|archive-date=27 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627161358/https://theworldsportstoday.com/100-years-of-east-bengal-a-timeline-of-kolkata-giants-key-milestones/}}</ref> In East Bengal, he nurtured Indian talents including Babu Mani, [[Bikash Panji]], [[Krishanu Dey]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thehardtackle.com/2011/legends-of-indian-football-krishanu-dey/|title=Legends Of Indian Football : Krishanu Dey|first=Somnath|last=Sengupta|website=thehardtackle.com|publisher=The Hard Tackle|language=en|location=Kolkata|date=24 June 2013|access-date=10 October 2022|archive-date=5 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205150303/https://thehardtackle.com/2011/legends-of-indian-football-krishanu-dey/}}</ref> and transformed [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] from a midfielder to striker.<ref>{{cite web|title=Five most successful Indian football coaches|url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-five-most-successful-coaches/|date=31 August 2022|access-date=7 October 2022|website=khelnow.com|publisher=Khel Now|first=Sathvik K|last=Bharadwaj|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905111022/https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-five-most-successful-coaches/|archive-date=5 September 2022}}</ref>

From 1992 to 1994, he managed [[Mohun Bagan AC|Mohun Bagan]]. The club defended their Rovers Cup title and won [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]] in 1992.<ref>{{cite web|author=Rauf|first=Zohaib|date=2 April 2016|title=The Inspirational Story of India's First Football Club|url=https://thelogicalindian.com/the-inspirational-story-of-indias-first-football-club/|publisher=The Logical India|access-date=17 December 2020|archive-date=25 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325053423/https://thelogicalindian.com/amp/rewind/the-inspirational-story-of-indias-first-football-club/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Ainy |url=https://www.istampgallery.com/mohun-bagan/ |title=Mohun Bagan Athletic Club |work=iStampGallery |publisher=iStampGallery.com |date=24 November 2017 |access-date=14 July 2020 |archive-date=8 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808085009/https://www.istampgallery.com/mohun-bagan/ }}</ref> Under his coaching, Mohun Bagan defeated [[Croatian Football League|Croatian First Football League]] club [[NK Varaždin (1931–2015)|Varteks]] in 1994 [[DCM Trophy]]. At that time, his team participated in [[1993–94 Asian Club Championship]], won against Maldivian side [[Club Valencia (Maldives)|Club Valencia]] and Sri Lankan club [[Ratnam SC|Ratnam]] in preliminary stages, but lost 4–0 to [[Thai Farmers Bank F.C.|Thai Farmers' Bank]] in the first leg of second round, and refused to play the 2nd leg in [[Malaysia]].<ref>{{Cite web|author1=Mukherjee, Soham |author2=Easwar, Nisanth V|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/india-clubs-in-afc-champions-league-afc-cup/3dj1qowtkdxc1pzji71c49vnz|title=How have Indian clubs fared in AFC Champions League and AFC Cup?|date=1 April 2020|access-date=23 March 2021|website=goal.com|publisher=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415045019/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/india-clubs-in-afc-champions-league-afc-cup/3dj1qowtkdxc1pzji71c49vnz}}</ref>

Nayeemuddin was appointed coach of India national team in 1997.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/FootballStudies/2002/FS0502f.pdf|title=Rahim, Amal Dutta, P.K. and Nayeem: The Coaches Who Shaped Indian Football|website=la84foundation.org|access-date=23 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100810034106/http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/FootballStudies/2002/FS0502f.pdf|archive-date=10 August 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> He won the [[South Asian Football Federation]] Cup by beating the [[Maldives national football team|Maldives]] 5–1 and reached the semi-finals of the [[Nehru Cup International Football Tournament|Nehru Cup]] for the first time.<ref>[http://frontlineonnet.com/fl1914/19140120.htm What ails Indian football] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907023512/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1914/19140120.htm |date=7 September 2008 }}, Frontline, July 2002.</ref> His time in charge of the national team was blighted with no practice matches between September 1997 and November 1998 before the [[1998 Asian Games]]. He managed the team in [[Football at the 1998 Asian Games – Men's tournament|1998 Asian Games]] held at [[Bangkok]], where they reached second round.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Indian Senior Team at the 1998 Bangkok Asian Games|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1998asiangames.html|access-date=24 August 2021|website=indianfootball.de|archive-date=22 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222164336/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1998asiangames.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Jamshid Nassiri - Ranjan Chowdhury - Syed Nayeemuddin - Showing Skills - Football Workshop - Sagar Sangha Stadium - Baruipur - South 24 Parganas 2016-02-14 1186.JPG|thumb|Nayeemuddin (in right) showing his skills with Iranian footballer [[Jamshid Nassiri]] at a football workshop in [[Baruipur]], [[South 24 Parganas]], February 2016.]]
His tenure with India ended after the games in December 1998. Nayeemuddin in 1999, guided Mohun Bagan at the [[1999–2000 Asian Club Championship]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m199910.html|title=NEWS FOR THE MONTH OF October 1999|website=indianfootball.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|date=31 October 1999|access-date=24 October 2021|archive-date=29 March 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050329213329/http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m199910.html|url-status=dead|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri}}</ref> His second role with India began when he succeeded [[Sukhwinder Singh (football manager)|Sukhwinder Singh]] as India coach in 2005,<ref>[http://www.telegraphindia.com/1051003/asp/sports/story_5313036.asp Syed Nayeemuddin gets AIFF nod] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427042609/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1051003/asp/sports/story_5313036.asp |date=27 April 2006 }}, The Telegraph (Kolkata), 3 October 2005.</ref> but left in 2006 after poor performances against [[Japan national football team|Japan]] and [[Yemen national football team|Yemen]] when qualifying for the [[2007 AFC Asian Cup qualification|2007 Asian Cup]].<ref name="India"/> He helped Bangladeshi club [[Brothers Union]] win their first ever [[Dhaka Senior Division Football League|Premier Division League]] title during the 2003–04 season and after coaching in India for a couple of years, he returned to Brothers Union, where he remained from 2007 to 2016.<ref name="Brothers"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.dhakatribune.com/uncategorized/2013/11/16/brothers-bring-back-naeemuddin-as-coach|title=Brothers bring back Naeemuddin as coach|website=archive.dhakatribune.com|publisher=The Dhaka Tribune|date=16 November 2013|access-date=4 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228052437/https://archive.dhakatribune.com/uncategorized/2013/11/16/brothers-bring-back-naeemuddin-as-coach|archive-date=28 February 2023}}</ref> He has previously managed [[Bengal Mumbai FC|Bengal Mumbai]] in the Mumbai Football League.<ref>[http://www.indianfootball.de/data/halloffame/nayeemuddin_syed.html Indian Football Hall of Fame: Syed Nayeemuddin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119131754/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/halloffame/nayeemuddin_syed.html |date=19 January 2017 }} ''indianfootball.de''. Retrieved 1 July 2021.</ref>

In July 2007, he was appointed as head coach of [[Bangladesh national football team|Bangladesh]] ahead of the [[2007 Nehru Cup]] in [[New Delhi]] and [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/football/nayeem-appointed-new-bangladesh-coach-1615154?_gl=1*zs1lgo*_ga*X1gtWWdWTE5ZSzRVeGxEakJiS1o5N0ZOZUltMEc2V2lqOUctWWRNY0JRYmtqTUhPRm8wUVB0X3VFQl9GMW1MOQ..|title=Nayeem appointed new Bangladesh coach|date=11 July 2007|access-date=2 March 2022|website=sports.ndtv.com|publisher=[[NDTV]]|archive-date=2 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302164942/https://sports.ndtv.com/football/nayeem-appointed-new-bangladesh-coach-1615154?_gl=1*zs1lgo*_ga*X1gtWWdWTE5ZSzRVeGxEakJiS1o5N0ZOZUltMEc2V2lqOUctWWRNY0JRYmtqTUhPRm8wUVB0X3VFQl9GMW1MOQ..|url-status=live}}</ref> He stayed at the post until 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-40586|title=It can't get any worse|first=Al Musabbir|last=Sadi|date=11 June 2008|website=The Daily Star|archive-date=20 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120133541/https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-40586%7Ctitle=It%20can%27t%20get%20any%20worse|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Cquote|''I don't have any idea about the current Mohammedan squad, but I'm sure those who are going to play have the talent to represent Mohammedan. I believe in hard work. I just need one percent of talent and 99 percent of hard work to get success. I will build players through hard work. I have to do something as I have taken the responsibility. My first target is the [[Federation Cup (Bangladesh)|Federation Cup]] and then I want to go step by step.''|source=Syed Naeemuddin, after his appointment as head coach of [[Mohammedan SC (Dhaka)|Mohammedan Sporting (Dhaka)]].<ref>[https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/football/nayeemuddin-wants-revive-msc-1402717 Nayeemuddin wants to revive MSC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825072718/https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/football/nayeemuddin-wants-revive-msc-1402717 |date=25 August 2021 }}. ''The Daily Star''. Retrieved 25 August 2021.</ref>|Cquote}}
Nayeemuddin last managed [[Mohammedan SC (Dhaka)|Dhaka Mohammedan]], a Bangladeshi club, from May to October 2017.

In April 2022 on the occasion of ''Dawat-e-Iftar'' ({{Translation|Iftar Dinner}}), Nayeemuddin was awarded the ''[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)#Club award|Shaan-e-Mohammedan]]'' ({{Translation|'Pride of Mohammedan'}}) by Mohammedan Sporting, which is the lifetime achievement award presented by the club annually since 2015, to respect and laud footballing personalities for their indispensable contribution to the club during their career.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dawat-e-Iftar at Mohammedan SC : দাওয়াত-ই ইফতারে শান-ই-মহমেডান সম্মান কিংবদন্তি নঈমুদ্দিনকে|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/bengali/west-bengal/sports/other-sports/syed-nayeemuddin-honoured-by-shan-e-mohammedan-award/wb20220423222656529529206|access-date=12 July 2022|website=www.etvbharat.com|publisher=[[ETV Network|ETV Bharat]]|location=[[Kolkata]], West Bengal|language=bn|date=23 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713132351/https://www.etvbharat.com/bengali/west-bengal/sports/other-sports/syed-nayeemuddin-honoured-by-shan-e-mohammedan-award/wb20220423222656529529206|archive-date=13 July 2022}}</ref>

==Honours==
===Player===

'''India'''
*[[AFC Asian Cup]] runner-up: [[1964 AFC Asian Cup|1964]]<ref>{{cite web |first=Arunava |last=Chaudhuri |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1964asiacup.html |title=The Indian Senior Team at the 1964 Tel Aviv Asia Cup |publisher=Indianfootball.de |access-date=20 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002162221/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1964asiacup.html |archive-date=2 October 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Asian Games]] Bronze Medal: [[Football at the 1970 Asian Games|1970]]<ref>{{cite web |first=Arunava
|last=Chaudhuri |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1970asiangames.html |title=The Indian Senior Team at the 1970 Bangkok Asian Games |publisher=Indianfootball.de |access-date=20 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002162324/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1970asiangames.html |archive-date=2 October 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/indian-football-down-the-years-looking-back-at-the-glorious-moments#|title=Indian Football Down the Years: Looking back at the glorious moments|first=AIFF|last=Media Team|website=www.the-aiff.com|publisher=[[All India Football Federation]]|language=en|trans-title=|location=New Delhi|agency=|date=15 August 2022|access-date=20 October 2022|archive-date=21 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921011335/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/indian-football-down-the-years-looking-back-at-the-glorious-moments}}</ref>
*[[Merdeka Tournament]] runner-up: 1964;<ref>{{cite web |title=The Indian Senior Team at the 1964 Merdeka Cup |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1964merdekacup.html |website=indiafootball.de |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122051912/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1964merdekacup.html |archive-date=22 November 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> third-place: 1966,<ref>{{cite web |title=The Indian Senior Team at the 1966 Merdeka Cup |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1966merdekacup.html |website=indiafootball.de |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819155050/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1966merdekacup.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 1970<ref>{{cite web |title=The Indian Senior Team at the 1970 Merdeka Cup |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1970merdekacup.html |website=indiafootball.de |first=Arunava |last=Chaudhuri |date=2003 |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819214747/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1970merdekacup.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*Pesta Sukan Cup (Singapore): 1971<ref>{{cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1971pestasukancup.html|title=The Indian Senior Team at the 1971 Singapore Pesta Sukan Cup|website=indianfootball.de|year=2000|access-date=1 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819214722/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1971pestasukancup.html|archive-date=19 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

'''Hyderabad City Police'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pierretristam.com/pdfs/wc10.pdf |title=Pierretristam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616103807/http://pierretristam.com/pdfs/wc10.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.barefootmag.in/2012/08/06/gilded-nizams-remembering-the-hyderabad-city-police-2/ |title=Gilded Nizams: Remembering the Hyderabad City Police | Barefoot Indian Football Magazine |access-date=13 April 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130702092414/http://www.barefootmag.in/2012/08/06/gilded-nizams-remembering-the-hyderabad-city-police-2/ |archive-date=2 July 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Durand Cup]] runner-up: 1963
*[[Rovers Cup]]: 1962, 1963–64.
*[[DCM Trophy]]: 1965; runner-up 1964.

'''East Bengal'''
* [[IFA Shield]]: 1966, 1970
* [[Rovers Cup]]: 1967
* [[Calcutta Football League]]: 1966, 1970
* [[Durand Cup]]: 1967, 1970

'''Mohun Bagan'''
* [[IFA Shield]]: 1969
* [[Rovers Cup]]: 1968, 1970
* [[Calcutta Football League]]: 1969

'''Mohammedan Sporting'''
* [[IFA Shield]]: 1971
* Sait Nagjee Trophy: 1971
* Independence Day Cup: 1971, 1972
* [[Calcutta Football League]] runner-up: 1971
* [[Bordoloi Trophy]] runner-up: 1971

===Manager===
'''India'''
*[[SAFF Championship]]: [[1997 SAFF Gold Cup|1997]], [[2005 SAFF Gold Cup|2005]]

'''Mahindra United'''
*[[Federation Cup (India)|Indian Federation Cup]]: 2005<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=6148|title=From the history book, roll of honour|date=10 January 2015|access-date=12 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109234522/https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=6148|archive-date=9 January 2015|website=the-aiff.com|publisher=All India Football Federation|url-status=dead}}</ref>
'''East Bengal'''<ref>{{cite web|first1=Gautam|last1=Roy|first2=Swapan|last2=Ball|date=2007|url=http://www.eastbengalfootballclub.com/club/famousPlayers4.asp|title=East Bengal Football Club – Famous Players|access-date=25 February 2009|website=www.eastbengalfootballclub.com|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221072439/http://www.eastbengalfootballclub.com/club/famousPlayers4.asp|archive-date=21 February 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/sports/football/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8|title=কলকাতার ইস্টবেঙ্গল ভুলে গেছে বাংলাদেশের অবদান|date=3 August 2020|access-date=13 January 2024|website=prothomalo.com|publisher=Prothom Alo|trans-title=Kolkata's East Bengal has forgotten the contribution of Bangladesh|location=Dhaka|language=bn|archive-date=5 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005104607/https://www.prothomalo.com/sports/football/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8}}</ref>
*[[Calcutta Football League]]: 1991, 1995, 2000
*[[IFA Shield]]: 1990, 1991, 1994, 1995, 2000
*[[Durand Cup]]: 1990, 1991, 1995
*[[Rovers Cup]]: 1990, 1994

'''Brothers Union'''<ref name="RSSSF 2004">{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/bang04.html|website=[[RSSSF]]|title=Bangladesh 2004: Fourth National Football League|archive-date=30 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930125840/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/bang04.html|date=2004|first1=Hans|last1=Schöggl}}</ref>
*[[Dhaka Premier Division Football League|Premier Division League (Dhaka)]]: [[2003–04 Dhaka Premier Division League|2003–04]]
*[[National Football League (Bangladesh)|National League]]: [[2004 National Football League (Bangladesh)|2004]]

===Individual===
* [[Arjuna Award]]: 1970<ref>{{cite web|url=http://yas.nic.in/yasroot/awards/arjuna.htm#Football|title=LIST OF ARJUNA AWARD WINNERS — Football {{!}} Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225221945/http://yas.nic.in/yasroot/awards/arjuna.htm#Football|archive-date=25 December 2007|access-date=25 December 2007|website=yas.nic.in|publisher=Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=List of Arjuna Awardees (1961–2018)|url=https://yas.nic.in/sites/default/files/LIST%20OF%20ARJUNA%20AWARDEES.docx%2061%20-%2017_0_0.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (India)|access-date=12 September 2020|archive-date=18 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718084523/https://yas.nic.in/sites/default/files/LIST%20OF%20ARJUNA%20AWARDEES.docx%2061%20-%2017_0_0.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=Arjuna Award Winners 1961–1973|url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1974-DEC-PRESS%20RELEASE%20AWARDS/PDF/DEF-1974-08-10_078.pdf|publisher=Press Information Bureau, India|access-date=19 September 2020|date=10 August 1974|archive-date=29 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229185752/https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1974-DEC-PRESS%20RELEASE%20AWARDS/PDF/DEF-1974-08-10_078.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Mohun Bagan Ratna: 2016<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/mmb-ratna-day |url-status=dead |title=Mohun Bagan Ratna – The Jewels of Mohun Bagan |website=mohunbaganac.com |publisher=Mohun Bagan Athletic Club |date= |access-date=20 September 2015 |archive-date=9 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909184150/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/mmb-ratna-day }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2016 |title='Dronacharya' coach Syed Nayeemuddin to receive "Mohun Bagan Ratna" on Mohun Bagan Day {{!}} XtraTime |url=https://xtratime.in/syed-nayeemuddin-to-receive-mohun-bagan-ratna-on-mohun-bagan-day/ |access-date=30 July 2023 |language=en-US |archive-date=31 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731090339/https://xtratime.in/syed-nayeemuddin-to-receive-mohun-bagan-ratna-on-mohun-bagan-day/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohun Bagan conferred Mohun Bagan Ratna on Syed Nayeemuddin – IndiaFooty |url=http://www.indiafooty.com/2016/07/29/mohun-bagan-conferred-mohun-bagan-ratna-on-syed-nayeemuddin/ |access-date=30 July 2023 |language=en-US |archive-date=31 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731090337/http://www.indiafooty.com/2016/07/29/mohun-bagan-conferred-mohun-bagan-ratna-on-syed-nayeemuddin/ }}</ref>
* [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)#Club award|Shaan-e-Mohammedan]]: 2022<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jugantor.com/todays-paper/sports/545184/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4|title=নইমুদ্দিন সংবর্ধিত|trans-title=Naeemuddin felicitated|date=25 April 2022|access-date=19 July 2022|website=www.jugantor.com|publisher=[[Jugantor|The Daily Jugantor]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425085124/https://www.jugantor.com/todays-paper/sports/545184/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4|archive-date=25 April 2022}}</ref>
* [[Dronacharya Award]]: 1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/accepting-challenges-is-my-passion-always-says-dronacharya-coach-armando-colaco|title=Accepting challenges is my passion always, says Dronacharya coach Armando Colaco|location=New Delhi|date=3 January 2025|access-date=3 January 2025|work=All India Football Federation|archive-date=3 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103124957/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/accepting-challenges-is-my-passion-always-says-dronacharya-coach-armando-colaco}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/in-a-first-for-goan-coach-armando-gets-top-rated-dronacharya-award/articleshow/116894081.cms|title=In A First For Goan Coach, Armando Gets Top-Rated Dronacharya Award|date=3 January 2025|access-date=3 January 2025|first1=Marcus|last1=Mergulhao|agency=TNN|location=Panaji|work=The Times of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103125650/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/in-a-first-for-goan-coach-armando-gets-top-rated-dronacharya-award/articleshow/116894081.cms|archive-date=3 January 2025}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of National Sports Award recipients in Olympic sports]]
* [[List of India national football team captains]]
* [[List of India national football team managers]]
* [[List of East Bengal Club coaches]]
* [[History of the India national football team]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |last1=Kapadia |first1=Novy |year=2017|title=Barefoot to Boots: The Many Lives of Indian Football |publisher=Penguin Random House |isbn=978-0-143-42641-7 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Martinez| first1=Dolores |last2=Mukharjiim |first2=Projit B|year=2009|title=Football: From England to the World: The Many Lives of Indian Football |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nbzhAQAAQBAJ&q=kerala+footballer+in+Burma |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-138-88353-6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702174505/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=nbzhAQAAQBAJ&dq=kerala+footballer+in+Burma&source=gbs_navlinks_s |archive-date=2 July 2022 }}
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QbUFaAEACAAJ|title=History of Indian Football: Upto 2009–10|first=Nirmal|last=Nath|year=2011|publisher=Readers Service|isbn=9788187891963|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722172604/https://books.google.co.in/books/about/History_of_Indian_Football.html?id=QbUFaAEACAAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y|archive-date=22 July 2022}}
*{{cite book|title=Soccer in South Asia: Empire, Nation, Diaspora|year=2001|publisher=Frank Cass Publishers|location=[[London]], United Kingdom|isbn=978-0-7146-8170-2|last1=Dineo|first1=Paul|last2=Mills|first2=James|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=71JHZiiP3hoC|archive-date=25 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725072732/https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Soccer_in_South_Asia.html?id=71JHZiiP3hoC&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y}}
*{{cite web |url=http://pierretristam.com/pdfs/wc10.pdf |title=Triumphs and Disasters: The Story of Indian Football, 1889—2000. |access-date=20 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813081005/http://pierretristam.com/pdfs/wc10.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2012 |url-status=dead}}
* {{cite book |last=Mukhopadhay |first=Subir |title= সোনায় লেখা ইতিহাসে মোহনবাগান ({{Translation|Mohun Bagan in the history written in gold}})|year=2018 |isbn=978-93-850172-0-9}}
*{{cite book|first1=Boria|last1=Majumdar|first2=Kausik|last2=Bandyopadhyay|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V-sMYjZkpigC&pg=PA69|title=A Social History Of Indian Football: Striving To Score|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629140637/https://books.google.com/books?id=V-sMYjZkpigC&pg=PA69|archive-date=29 June 2021|publisher=[[Routledge]]|date=2006|isbn=9780415348355}}
*{{cite book|first1=Jaydeep|last1=Basu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeovtKLi-1sC|title=Stories from Indian Football|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011131939/https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Stories_from_Indian_Football.html?id=QeovtKLi-1sC&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y|archive-date=11 October 2022|publisher=UBS Publishers' Distributors|date=2003|isbn=9788174764546}}
* {{cite book |last1=Banerjee |first1=Argha |last2=Basu |first2=Rupak |title=মোহনবাগান: সবুজ ঘাসের মেরুন গল্প ({{Translation|Mohun Bagan: Green fields' Maroon stories}})|year=2022|publisher=Shalidhan |isbn=978-81-954667-0-2}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite web|location=Margao|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/micky-takes-charge-of-vasco/articleshow/65250523.cms|title=Vasco SC appoint Micky Fernandes as new head coach|date=3 August 2018|access-date=26 August 2019|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|agency=TNN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925230911/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/micky-takes-charge-of-vasco/articleshow/65250523.cms|archive-date=25 September 2022}}
*{{cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/keralafootball-1.6364839|title=Former Santosh trophy player Malappuram Aziz passes away|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616141034/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/keralafootball-1.6364839|archive-date=16 June 2024|website=english.mathrubhumi.com|date=16 January 2022|access-date=26 December 2023|publisher=Mathrubhumi}}

==External links==
{{Portal bar|India|Biography|Association football}}
*{{Soccerway}}
*[https://themohunbaganac.com/syed-nayeemuddin/ Syed Nayeemuddin profile and biography] at ''The Mohun Bagan AC''
*{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m199812.html|title=NEWS FOR THE MONTH OF December 2002 - Syed Nayeemuddin|website=www.indianfootball.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|date=21 December 2002|access-date=13 November 2021|archive-date=22 February 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020222191303/http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m199812.html|url-status=dead|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri}}

{{SC East Bengal managers}}
{{Bangladesh national football team managers}}
{{India national football team managers}}
{{India squad AFC Asian Cup 1964}}

{{Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata) managers}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nayeemuddin, Syed}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Footballers from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:India men's international footballers]]
[[Category:Indian football managers]]
[[Category:India national football team managers]]
[[Category:Bangladesh national football team managers]]
[[Category:Expatriate football managers in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate sportspeople in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Football League managers]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate football managers]]
[[Category:1964 AFC Asian Cup players]]
[[Category:Footballers at the 1966 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Footballers at the 1970 Asian Games]]
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games footballers for India]]
[[Category:Men's association football defenders]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1970 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Calcutta Football League players]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Dronacharya Award]]
[[Category:East Bengal Club managers]]
[[Category:Mohammedan SC (Kolkata) managers]]
[[Category:Brothers Union managers]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in football]]

Akam (film)

2026-03-03T20:49:53Z

Donnell05T: minor update

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Akam
| image = Akammovieposter.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical Release Poster
| director = Shalini Usha Nair
| producer = Box Office Cinema
| screenplay = Shalini Usha Nair
| based_on = {{Based on|''[[Yakshi (novel)|Yakshi]]''|[[Malayattoor Ramakrishnan]]}}
| starring = [[Fahadh Faasil]] [[Anumol]]
| music = Deepak Raghu Murari Vasudevan
| cinematography = Christopher John Smith
| editing = Arunima Shankar
| studio = Box Office Cinema
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2011|12||[[Dubai International Film Festival|DIFF]]|2013|04|26|India}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Akam''''' (English: ''Inside'') is an Indian Malayalam language [[Thriller film|thriller]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] film written and directed by Shalini Usha Nair. The film is a contemporary retelling of [[Malayattoor Ramakrishnan]]'s classic [[Psychological thriller|psycho-thriller]] novel ''[[Yakshi (novel)|Yakshi]]'' (1967). The story is about Srini ([[Fahadh Faasil]]), a young architect, who starts suspecting that his beautiful wife Ragini ([[Anumol]]) is a [[yakshi]].

The film was shot in and around [[Trivandrum]] and its surrounding suburbs.<ref name=SIFF>Saraswathy Nagarajan (25 May 2012). [https://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article3455752.ece "Shanghai beckons"]. ''The Hindu''. Retrieved 15 December 2012.</ref> It premiered at the 8th [[Dubai International Film Festival]] in December 2011.<ref name=DIFF>[http://www.screenindia.com/news/akam-premieres-at-dubai-film-fest/893469/ "Akam premieres at Dubai film fest"] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120911101245/http://www.screenindia.com/news/akam-premieres-at-dubai-film-fest/893469/ |date=11 September 2012 }}. ''[[Screen India]]''. 30 December 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2012.</ref> It was also screened at the [[Shanghai International Film Festival]] and [[International Film Festival of Kerala]]. The film released in theatres on 26 April 2013.

==Plot==
Srinivasan is a young architect. He is happy when he gets a good job and a beautiful girlfriend, Tara. But then an accident disfigures him. Tara leaves him and Srinivasan, now sans his confidence, withdraws into his shell. Then he meets the beautiful Ragini who is willing to accept him despite his disfigurement. They get married, but after a while, he doubts the true identity of this woman. He doubts that this woman is not human. From there the story develops.

==Cast==
* [[Fahadh Faasil]] as Srini
* [[Anumol]] as Ragini<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[Kerala Kaumudi]]|date=31 December 2011|accessdate=3 January 2012|title=പ്രിയപ്പെട്ട യക്ഷി|url=http://news.keralakaumudi.com/news.php?nid=157b776fd310038df4d8fec52ef4987b|language=Malayalam|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108080517/http://news.keralakaumudi.com/news.php?nid=157b776fd310038df4d8fec52ef4987b|archive-date=8 January 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Prakash Bare]]
* [[Shelly (actress)|Shelly Kishore]]
* [[Sajitha Madathil]]

==Critical reception==
Veeyen from Nowrunning.com says: "Somber and extremely suspenseful, the illusory texture of its narrative turns out to be of a class of its own."<ref>{{cite web|author=Veeyen|title=Akam Review by Veeyen|url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/10039/malayalam/akam/4209/review.htm|publisher=Nowrunning.com|access-date=17 September 2013|archive-date=3 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903060046/http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/10039/malayalam/akam/4209/review.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Akam Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/akam/movie-review/19765011.cms |access-date=2023-07-21 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Film festival screenings==
The film was screened at the following festivals:

* December 2011: [[Dubai International Film Festival]]<ref name=DIFF/>
* December 2011: [[International Film Festival of Kerala]]
* June 2012: [[Shanghai International Film Festival]] (World Panorama section)<ref name=SIFF/>

==See also==
* ''[[Yakshi (film)|Yakshi]]'', a 1968 film adaptation of the novel

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.akamthefilm.com/}}
* {{IMDb title|2411908|Akam}}
* [http://www.khaleejtimes.com/citytimes/inside.asp?xfile=/data/citytimes/2011/December/citytimes_December129.xml&section=citytimes Lure of the enigma] (''Khaleej Times'')

[[Category:2011 films]]
[[Category:2011 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2011 psychological thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian psychological thriller films]]
[[Category:Films based on thriller novels]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Works by Malayattoor Ramakrishnan]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thiruvananthapuram]]

CID Ramachandran Retd. SI

2026-03-03T09:37:54Z

Donnell05T: stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = CID Ramachandran Retd. SI
| image = File:CID_Ramachandran_Retd_SI.jpg
| caption = Official poster
| director = Sanoop Sathyan
| writer = Sanoop Sathyan Aneesh V Sivadas
| producer = Shiju Mispa Sanoop Sathyan
| starring = [[Kalabhavan Shajohn]] [[Baiju Santhosh]] [[Sudheer Karamana]]
| cinematography = Joe Christo Xavier
| editing = [[Lijo Paul]]
| music = Anu B Ivar
| studio = AD 1877 Pictures
| released = {{film date|df=y|2024|05|17|}}
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Malayalam]]
}}
'''''CID Ramachandran Retd. SI''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] language [[crime thriller film]] written and directed by Sanoop Sathyan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 May 2024 |title=Release date shift: Kalabhavan Shajohn's 'CID Ramachandran Retd SI' hits theaters on THIS date |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/release-date-shift-kalabhavan-shajohns-cid-ramachandran-retd-si-hits-theaters-on-this-date/articleshow/110151106.cms |accessdate=23 May 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=23 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523092742/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/release-date-shift-kalabhavan-shajohns-cid-ramachandran-retd-si-hits-theaters-on-this-date/articleshow/110151106.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=10 May 2024 |title='CID Ramachandran Retd. SI' trailer: Kalabhavan Shajohn starrer promises a riveting investigation thriller. This marks as Shiju Mispa First Debut Malayalam as a producer and actor. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/cid-ramachandran-retd-si-trailer-kalabhavan-shajohn-starrer-promises-a-riveting-investigation-thriller/articleshow/110011896.cms |accessdate=23 May 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 June 2023 |title=കലാഭവൻ ഷാജോൺ നായകനാകുന്ന 'സി.ഐ.ഡി. രാമചന്ദ്രൻ റിട്ട. എസ്. ഐ'; ഫസ്റ്റ് ലുക്ക് പോസ്റ്റർ പുറത്ത് |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/kalabhavan-shajon-cid-ramachandran-ret-si-first-look-poster-1.8614579 |accessdate=23 May 2024 |work=[[Mathrubhumi]] |language=ml |archive-date=23 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523092733/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/kalabhavan-shajon-cid-ramachandran-ret-si-first-look-poster-1.8614579 |url-status=live }}</ref> He has also co-written the script with Aneesh V Sivadas.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 February 2023 |title=Kalabhavan Shajohn to headline an investigative thriller next |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/Feb/28/kalabhavan-shajohn-to-headline-an-investigative-thriller-next-40486.html |accessdate=23 May 2024 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |archive-date=14 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514175335/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/Feb/28/kalabhavan-shajohn-to-headline-an-investigative-thriller-next-40486.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2023 |title=കോൺസ്റ്റബിൾ സഹദേവനിൽ നിന്നും എസ്.ഐയായി പ്രൊമോഷൻ; ഷാജോണിന്റെ 'സി.ഐ.ഡി.രാമചന്ദ്രൻ റിട്ട. എസ്.ഐ.' |url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/film/movies-kalabhavan-shajohn-in-cid-ramachandran-retired-si-mm-606320.html |accessdate=23 May 2024 |work=[[News18.com]] |language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=9 May 2024 |title=സി.ഐ.ഡി. രാമചന്ദ്രൻ റിട്ട. എസ്. ഐ. മെയ് പതിനേഴിന് |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/cid-ramachandran-retired-si-sanoop-sathyan-kalabhavan-shajon-1.9545333 |accessdate=23 May 2024 |work=[[Mathrubhumi]] |language=ml |archive-date=23 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523092736/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/cid-ramachandran-retired-si-sanoop-sathyan-kalabhavan-shajon-1.9545333 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film stars [[Kalabhavan Shajohn]], [[Baiju Santhosh]] and [[Sudheer Karamana]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 May 2024 |title=CID Ramachandran Retd SI Trailer: Kalabhavan Shajohn's film promises a gripping investigative thriller |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/May/11/cid-ramachandran-retd-si-trailer-kalabhavan-shajohns-film-promises-a-gripping-investigative-thriller-2 |accessdate=23 May 2024 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |archive-date=25 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525175403/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/May/11/cid-ramachandran-retd-si-trailer-kalabhavan-shajohns-film-promises-a-gripping-investigative-thriller-2 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 June 2023 |title='സിഐഡി രാമചന്ദ്രൻ റിട്ട. എസ്ഐ', ഫസ്റ്റ് ലുക്ക് പോസ്റ്റർ പുറത്ത് |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/cid-ramachandran-retd-si-first-look-out-hrk-rvqh85 |accessdate=23 May 2024 |work=[[Asianet News]] |language=ml |archive-date=23 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523092733/https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/cid-ramachandran-retd-si-first-look-out-hrk-rvqh85 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=10 May 2024 |title=സി.ഐ.ഡി. രാമചന്ദ്രൻ റിട്ട. എസ്. ഐ. മെയ് പതിനേഴിന് |url=https://www.mangalam.com/news/detail/708643-latest-news-c-i-d-ramachandran-rtd-s-i-seventeenth-may.html |accessdate=23 May 2024 |work=[[Mangalam Publications]] |language=ml |archive-date=23 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523092733/https://www.mangalam.com/news/detail/708643-latest-news-c-i-d-ramachandran-rtd-s-i-seventeenth-may.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Film produced by Shiju Mispa and Sanoop Sathyan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 May 2024 |title=ഷാജോൺ പ്രധാന വേഷത്തില്‍; 'സിഐഡി രാമചന്ദ്രൻ റിട്ടയേർഡ് എസ് ഐ' നാളെ |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/cid-ramachandran-retd-si-movie-from-tomorrow-starring-kalabhavan-shajohn-sdkqu0 |accessdate=23 May 2024 |work=[[Asianet News]] |language=ml |archive-date=23 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523092733/https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/cid-ramachandran-retd-si-movie-from-tomorrow-starring-kalabhavan-shajohn-sdkqu0 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=9 May 2024 |title='സി.ഐ.ഡി. രാമചന്ദ്രൻ റിട്ട. എസ്. ഐ' മെയ് പതിനേഴിന് പ്രദർശനത്തിനെത്തുന്നു |url=https://zeenews.india.com/malayalam/movies/cid-ramachandran-retd-si-movie-will-be-released-on-may-17-195502 |accessdate=23 May 2024 |work=[[Zee News]] |language=ml |archive-date=23 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523092733/https://zeenews.india.com/malayalam/movies/cid-ramachandran-retd-si-movie-will-be-released-on-may-17-195502 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Plot ==
Retired police inspector Ramachandran investigates a case of falsely accused suspects in a rural area, uncovering lies, betrayal, and the real culprit to exonerate the innocent and restore faith in justice.

== Cast ==
*[[Kalabhavan Shajohn]] as Rtd [[Sub Inspector|S.I]] Ramachandran
*[[Anumol]] as Urmila
*[[Baiju Santhosh]] as [[Advocate]] Lalji
*[[Sudheer Karamana]] as Jayarajan
*[[Shanker Ramakrishnan]] as [[Deputy superintendent of police|DYSP]] Shahjahan
*[[Prem Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Prem Kumar]] as Vasundaran
*[[Srikant Murali]] as Omanakuttan
*Anand Manmadhan as Raghu
*[[Azees Nedumangad]] as Saji
*[[Thulasidas]] as Balan Maash
* Deepu Navayikkulam as Rajan
*[[Pauly Valsan]] as Madhavi
*Balaji Sarma as [[Assistant sub-inspector of police|ASI]] Sahadevan
*Geethi Sangeetha as Bindu
*Thushara Pillai as Vasantha
* Arun Punaloor as Conductor Suni
* Viyaan Mangalassery as [[Inspector]] Arun
*Nikhil as Manu
*Lakshmi Devan as Lathika
*Varsha as Arya
*Nandhana as Raji
*Selvaraj as Akri Ramesh
*Unni Raj as Purushan
*Shiju Mispa as [[Inspector]]

==Production==
[[Principal photography]] began on 27 February 2023 with a customary [[Puja (Hinduism)|pooja]] function held at [[Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 February 2023 |title=ഇന്‍വെസ്റ്റിഗേറ്റീവ് ത്രില്ലറുമായി ഷാജോൺ; 'സി.ഐ.ഡി. രാമചന്ദ്രന്‍ റിട്ട. എസ്.ഐ'യുടെ പൂജ നടന്നു |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/kalabhavan-shajon-new-movie-cid-ramachandran-ret-si-title-launch-1.8347445 |accessdate=23 May 2024 |work=[[Mathrubhumi]] |language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=28 April 2023 |title=കോൺസ്റ്റബിൾ സഹദേവനിൽ നിന്നും എസ്.ഐയായി പ്രൊമോഷൻ; ഷാജോണിന്റെ 'സി.ഐ.ഡി.രാമചന്ദ്രൻ റിട്ട. എസ്.ഐ.' |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/news/news.php?id=1056111 |accessdate=23 May 2024 |work=[[Kerala Kaumudi]] |language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-details/cid-ramachandran-retd-si/movieshow/110148446.cms |title=CID Ramachandran Retd. SI on Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]] |publisher=[[Times Internet]] |accessdate=23 May 2024 |archive-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522195202/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-details/cid-ramachandran-retd-si/movieshow/110148446.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 June 2023 |title=സി.ഐ.ഡി.രാമചന്ദ്രൻ റിട്ട. എസ്.ഐ! അന്വേഷണ കഥയുമായി കലാഭവൻ ഷാജോൺ |url=https://www.madhyamam.com/entertainment/movie-news/kalabhavan-shajohns-cid-ramachandran-retd-si-movie-first-look-poster-out-1167285 |accessdate=23 May 2024 |work=[[Madhyamam]] |language=ml |archive-date=23 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523092743/https://www.madhyamam.com/entertainment/movie-news/kalabhavan-shajohns-cid-ramachandran-retd-si-movie-first-look-poster-out-1167285 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Music==
The film's music was composed by Anu B Ivar and the background score was composed by Anto Francis.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 August 2024 |title=ഷാജോൺ നായകനായി 'സിഐഡി രാമചന്ദ്രന്‍ റിട്ട. എസ്ഐ'; പുതിയ പോസ്റ്റർ പുറത്ത് |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/malayalam/kerala/entertainment/movie/cid-ramachandran-retd-si-new-poster/kerala20230828164611874874764 |accessdate=23 May 2024 |work=[[ETV Bharat News]] |language=ml |archive-date=23 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523092734/https://www.etvbharat.com/malayalam/kerala/entertainment/movie/cid-ramachandran-retd-si-new-poster/kerala20230828164611874874764 |url-status=live }}</ref> The song "Aarum Kaana" was released on 16 May 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 May 2024 |title=CID Ramachandran Retd SI Song - Aarum Kaana |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/malayalam/cid-ramachandran-retd-si-song-aarum-kaana/videoshow/110148283.cms |accessdate=23 May 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=23 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523092733/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/malayalam/cid-ramachandran-retd-si-song-aarum-kaana/videoshow/110148283.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Release==
The film was released in theatres on 17 May 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 May 2024 |title=Kalabhavan Shajohn-starrer Film CID Ramachandran Retd SI New Release Date Out |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/kalabhavan-shajohn-starrer-film-cid-ramachandran-retd-si-new-release-date-out-8891510.html |accessdate=23 May 2024 |work=[[News18.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Narayanan Nambu |date=18 May 2024 |title=ലളിതമായ അവതരണം, ഒരു മർഡർ ഇൻവെസ്റ്റിഗേഷൻ കൃത്യമായ രീതിയിൽ സസ്പെൻസ് ഒളിപ്പിച്ചു തന്നെ കാണിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു |url=https://boolokam.com/cid-ramachandran-retd-si-review/ |accessdate=23 May 2024 |work=boolokam.com |language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=9 May 2024 |title=സി ഐ ഡി രാമചന്ദ്രന്‍ റിട്ട. എസ്.ഐ മെയ് പതിനേഴിന് |url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/post/20220313_32163/cid-ramachandran,-retrd,-SI |accessdate=23 May 2024 |work=[[Deshabhimani]] |language=ml |archive-date=23 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523092742/https://www.deshabhimani.com/post/20220313_32163/cid-ramachandran,-retrd,-SI |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Reception ==
''CID Ramachandran Retd. SI'' received generally positive to mixed reviews.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 May 2024 |title='CID Ramachandran RTD SI' box office collections day 6: Kalabhavan Shajohn starrer earns Rs 6 lakhs |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/cid-ramachandran-rtd-si-box-office-collections-day-6-kalabhavan-shajohn-starrer-earns-rs-6-lakhs/articleshow/110356818.cms |accessdate=23 May 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Gopika of ''[[The Times of India]]'' also gave a positive review rating the movie 2.5/5.<ref>{{cite news |date=25 May 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/cidramachandran/movie-review/110423919.cms |title=CID Ramachandran Retd. SI Movie Review : An investigative thriller held together by Shajohn |work=[[The Times of India]] |publisher=[[Times Internet]] |accessdate=27 May 2024 |archive-date=27 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527081707/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/cidramachandran/movie-review/110423919.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title| tt26931586}}

[[Category:2024 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2020s police procedural films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian mystery thriller films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thiruvananthapuram]]

Jabariya Jodi

2026-03-02T09:44:28Z

Donnell05T: small fix intro to improve readability additionally and updated info

{{Short description|2019 film by Prashant Singh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jabariya Jodi
| image = Jabariya Jodi poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Prashant Singh
| producer = [[Ekta Kapoor]] [[Shobha Kapoor]] [[Shailesh R Singh]]
| writer = '''Story:''' [[Sanjeev K Jha]] '''Dialogues:''' [[Raaj Shaandilyaa]]
| starring = [[Sidharth Malhotra]] [[Parineeti Chopra]]
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Tanishk Bagchi]] [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]] [[Sachet–Parampara]] [[Ramji Gulati]] [[Ashok Masti]] '''Score:''' Joel Crasto
| cinematography = [[Vishal Sinha]]
| editing = Ritesh Soni
| studio = [[Balaji Motion Pictures]] Karma Media & Entertainment ALT Entertainment
| distributor = [[Zee Studios]] (International) [[Pen Studios|Pen Marudhar Entertainment]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://boxofficeindia.co.in/pen-marudhar-entertainment-acquires-india-distribution-rights-these-balaji-films|title=Pen Marudhar Entertainment acquires the India Distribution rights of these Balaji films|date=17 June 2019|work=Box office India|access-date=17 June 2018|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617143119/https://boxofficeindia.co.in/pen-marudhar-entertainment-acquires-india-distribution-rights-these-balaji-films|archive-date=17 June 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| released = {{film date|df=yes|2019|8|9|ref1=<ref name="tarunadarsh">{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/1155696596685746176?s=19 |title=IT'S OFFICIAL... #JabariyaJodi – which was slated for release on 2 Aug 2019 – will now release one week later: 9 Aug 2019. |website=Taran Adarsh on Twitter |access-date=29 July 2019}}</ref>}}
| runtime = 139 minutes<ref name=BBFC>{{cite web |url=https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/jabariya-jodi-2019 |title=Jabariya Jodi |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |access-date=26 July 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726174328/https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/jabariya-jodi-2019 | archive-date=26 July 2019 | url-status=dead}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR}}29 crore<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/bollywood/news/jabariya-jodi-made-in-a-tight-budget-of-22-crores-01613903.html |title=22 करोड़ के टाइट बजट में बना डाली जबरिया जोड़ी, खर्च बचाने स्क्रीन काउंट भी कम ही रखे |date=9 August 2019 |website=Dainik Bhaskar|access-date=9 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809170318/https://www.bhaskar.com/bollywood/news/jabariya-jodi-made-in-a-tight-budget-of-22-crores-01613903.html|archive-date=9 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}21.13 crore<ref name="botop">{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jabariya-jodi/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office |title=Jabariya Jodi Box Office |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=24 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811054105/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jabariya-jodi/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office|archive-date=11 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

'''''Jabariya Jodi''''' ({{translation|Forced couple}}) is an Indian Hindi-language [[romantic comedy]] film starring [[Sidharth Malhotra]] and [[Parineeti Chopra]]. The story is based upon the tradition of [[groom kidnapping]], prevalent in [[Bihar]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/movies-to-look-forward-to/ekta-kapoors-sidharth-malhotra-and-parineeti-chopra-starrer-titled-as-jabariya-jodi/photostory/65348647.cms |title=Ekta Kapoor's next starring Sidharth Malhotra and Parineeti Chopra titled ''Jabariya Jodi'' |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=28 March 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418104155/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/movies-to-look-forward-to/ekta-kapoors-sidharth-malhotra-and-parineeti-chopra-starrer-titled-as-jabariya-jodi/photostory/65348647.cms| archive-date=18 April 2019| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/jabariya-jodi-brings-sidharth-malhotra-parineeti-chopra-together-after-four-years-1840659.html |title=Jabariya Jodi Brings Sidharth Malhotra, Parineeti Chopra Together After Four Years |date=10 August 2018 |access-date=23 May 2019 |website=News 18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510205421/https://www.news18.com/amp/news/movies/jabariya-jodi-brings-sidharth-malhotra-parineeti-chopra-together-after-four-years-1840659.html|archive-date=10 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood-jabariya-jodi-sidharth-malhotra-and-parineeti-chopra-reunite-after-hasee-toh-phasee-457520 |title='Jabariya Jodi' Sidharth Malhotra and Parineeti Chopra reunite after Hasee Toh Phasee | Bollywood News – India TV |first=Shalu |last=Singh |date=10 August 2018 |website=www.indiatvnews.com|access-date=23 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823190558/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood-jabariya-jodi-sidharth-malhotra-and-parineeti-chopra-reunite-after-hasee-toh-phasee-457520|archive-date=23 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The film is produced by [[Ekta Kapoor]], [[Shobha Kapoor]] and [[Shailesh R Singh]], and directed by Prashant Singh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-sidharth-malhotra-and-parineeti-chopra-are-ekta-kapoor-s-jabariya-jodi-2647822/amp |title=Sidharth Malhotra and Parineeti Chopra are Ekta Kapoor's 'Jabariya Jodi' |website=DNA |date=10 August 2018|access-date=11 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513225015/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-sidharth-malhotra-and-parineeti-chopra-are-ekta-kapoor-s-jabariya-jodi-2647822/amp|archive-date=13 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Principal photography began on 10 August 2018 in Lucknow,<ref name="f2"/> and the film was theatrically released in India on 9 August 2019.

== Plot ==
In the heart of Bihar, Abhay Singh is a feared yet charming enforcer of pakadwa vivaah, the local practice of abducting grooms and forcing them into marriage without dowry. He works under the influence of his powerful and manipulative father, Hukum Singh, who sees this as a way to deliver justice to dowry-seeking families. Despite being ruthless in his work, Abhay enjoys his local stardom, believing he is doing the right thing.

Babli Yadav, a fierce and independent woman, returns to her hometown after being expelled from school for her rebellious behavior. Confident and outspoken, she does not conform to societal norms and enjoys living life on her own terms. She meets Abhay, and their reunion is filled with nostalgia, flirtation, and unresolved emotions, as they were once childhood sweethearts. Their attraction is evident, but their differing ideologies create conflict.

As Babli's parents pressure her into marriage, she initially plays along but soon decides to take control of her own fate. Meanwhile, Abhay struggles with his own emotions, torn between his father's expectations and his growing feelings for Babli. When Babli learns that Abhay himself is a victim of his father's manipulations—having been denied the freedom to love and choose for himself—she hatches an audacious plan.

Babli, in a twist on the tradition, kidnaps Abhay, declaring that if men can be forced into unwanted marriages, then she can do the same for the man she loves. This unexpected turn leads to comedic chaos as Abhay resists, but deep down, he starts realizing the hypocrisy of his actions. As they spend time together, Babli challenges Abhay to break free from the shackles of societal expectations.

Abhay's father, furious at Babli's bold move, retaliates by arranging Abhay's forced marriage to another woman. Pressured by loyalty and obligation, Abhay initially agrees, breaking Babli's heart. However, at the last moment, he rebels, standing up to his father and calling off the wedding. He rushes to Babli and, in a dramatic and heartfelt confession, declares his love for her.

Babli, initially hesitant after all the heartbreak, eventually gives in as Abhay proves that he is willing to change for love. The film ends with their wedding, but this time, it is on their own terms—no kidnappings, no force, just love. The town celebrates their union, marking the end of pakadwa vivaah and the beginning of a new chapter where love triumphs over outdated traditions.

==Cast==
* [[Sidharth Malhotra]] as Abhay Bunty Singh
* [[Parineeti Chopra]] as Babli Yadav (Few lines as [[Mona Ghosh Shetty]])
* [[Javed Jaffrey]] as Hukum Singh
* [[Sanjay Mishra (actor)|Sanjay Mishra]] as Duniya Lal Yadav
* [[Aparshakti Khurana]] as Santosh Pathak
* [[Elli AvrRam]] as Zilla
* [[Ruslaan Mumtaz]] as Kush
* [[Chandan Roy Sanyal]] as Guddu
* [[Neeraj Sood]] as Pathak ji
* [[Arfi Lamba]] as Jeetu
* Yogita Rathore as Abhay's sister
* [[Sheeba Chaddha|Sheeba Chadda]] as Abhay's mother
* Mohit Baghel Replaced [[Mohit Daga]] as Halla
* [[Gopal Datt]] as Inspector Tiwari
* Aaryan Arora as Young Abhay
* Anupam Mishra as Photographer
* [[Sharad Kapoor]] as Daddan Yadav
* [[Alankrita Sahai]] in the [[item number]] "Macchardani"

==Production==

===Development===
The film was conceived by writer [[Sanjeev K Jha]] who is from [[Bihar]] and is familiar with forced marriage practice in his native state. He was surprised to see the official data that said that more abductions happened in Bihar for the purpose of forced marriage than ransom in recent years. He said in a statement, "We always knew such forced marriages happen, but we didn't know the magnitude of it." It was an eye-opener for him so he created a comic world and a love-story using this bizarre practices.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sidharth-malhotra-parineeti-chopra-s-jabariya-jodi-is-about-forced-marriages-begins-shoot/story-rOhlvx0Tbfd8yrkZUiyXSO.html/ |title=Sidharth Malhotra, Parineeti Chopra's Jabariya Jodi is about forced marriages, begins shoot |website=Hindustan Times |date=11 August 2018|access-date=6 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728101654/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sidharth-malhotra-parineeti-chopra-s-jabariya-jodi-is-about-forced-marriages-begins-shoot/story-rOhlvx0Tbfd8yrkZUiyXSO.html|archive-date=28 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
Filming began on 10 August 2018 in [[Lucknow]], [[Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh|Barabanki]] and [[Raebareli]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/sidharth-malhotra-and-parineeti-chopras-next-ekta-kapoor-titled-jabariya-jodi-go-floors-soon-422811?amp|title=Sidharth Malhotra and Parineeti Chopra starrer Jabariya Jodi starts rolling | PINKVILLA|website=www.pinkvilla.com|access-date=11 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032256/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/sidharth-malhotra-and-parineeti-chopras-next-ekta-kapoor-titled-jabariya-jodi-go-floors-soon-422811?amp|archive-date=29 March 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="f2">{{cite web |url=https://m.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/parineeti-chopra-and-sidharth-malhotra-start-shooting-for-jabariya-jodi-in-lucknow-29765.amp |title=Parineeti Chopra and Sidharth Malhotra start shooting for Jabariya Jodi |website=Filmfare |date=10 August 2018 |access-date=23 May 2019 |first=Raghuvendra |last=Singh |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329025127/https://m.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/parineeti-chopra-and-sidharth-malhotra-start-shooting-for-jabariya-jodi-in-lucknow-29765.amp |archive-date=29 March 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The film wrapped shooting in mid April 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sidharth-malhotra-parineeti-chopra-jabariya-jodi-wrap-party-photos-5679637/ |title=Sidharth Malhotra and Parineeti Chopra wrap Jabariya Jodi shoot in style |website=Indian Express|access-date=23 May 2019 |date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417134934/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sidharth-malhotra-parineeti-chopra-jabariya-jodi-wrap-party-photos-5679637/|archive-date=17 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Release==
The release date of the film was initially scheduled to be 17 May 2019<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://twitter.com/ektaravikapoor/status/1031401191865909248 |title=Ekta Kapoor on Twitter |work=Twitter|access-date=29 October 2018 |language=en}}</ref> but the date had to be pushed back multiple times first to 12 July 2019<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/sidharth-malhotra-and-parineeti-chopra-s-jabariya-jodi-pushed-back-from-its-initial-may-release-new-date-here/376510 |website=Times Now News 18 |title=Sidharth Malhotra and Parineeti Chopra's Jabariya Jodi pushed back from its initial May release, new date here |date=4 March 2019|access-date=23 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701164917/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/sidharth-malhotra-and-parineeti-chopra-s-jabariya-jodi-pushed-back-from-its-initial-may-release-new-date-here/376510|archive-date=1 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and then to 2 August 2019 and finally it released theatrically on 9 August 2019.<ref name=":m2">{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/jabariya-jodi-sidharth-malhotra-parineeti-chopra-film-gets-new-release-date-1541715-2019-06-04 |title=Jabariya Jodi: Sidharth Malhotra-Parineeti Chopra film gets new release date |website=India Today|access-date=1 July 2019 |date=4 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701162434/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/jabariya-jodi-sidharth-malhotra-parineeti-chopra-film-gets-new-release-date-1541715-2019-06-04|archive-date=1 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="tarunadarsh"/>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Jabariya Jodi 2
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Tanishk Bagchi]], [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]], [[Sachet–Parampara]], [[Ramji Gulati]] and [[Ashok Masti]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 19 July 2019<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/jabariya-jodi/RzWJ6IBq5OU |title=Jabariya Jodi – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack |date=19 July 2019 |publisher=Jio Saavn|access-date=19 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719110822/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/jabariya-jodi/RzWJ6IBq5OU|archive-date=19 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
| recorded = 2018–2019
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 34:31
| language = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|iNIgxxDfrU8|Official Audio Jukebox}}
}}}}

The music of the film is composed by [[Tanishk Bagchi]], [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]], [[Sachet–Parampara]], [[Ramji Gulati]] and [[Ashok Masti]] while lyrics are written by Raj Shekhar, [[Rashmi Virag]], [[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]], [[Kumaar]], [[Tanishk Bagchi]] and Siddharth-Garima. Background music scored by Joel Crasto.
{{Track listing
| headline=Track listing
| total_length= 34:31
| extra_column=Singer(s)
| title1= Khadke Glassy
| extra1= [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]], [[Ashok Masti]], [[Jyotica Tangri]]
| music1 = [[Tanishk Bagchi]]
| lyrics1 = Tanishk Bagchi, Channi Rakhala
| length1= 3:20
| title2 = [[Arrah Hile Chhapra Hile Baliya Hilela|Zilla Hilela]]
| lyrics2 = [[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]], Tanishk Bagchi
| music2 = Tanishk Bagchi
| extra2 = [[Dev Negi]], [[Monali Thakur]], [[Raja Hassan]], Pravesh Mallick
| length2 = 3:58
| title3 = Dhoonde Akhiyaan
| extra3 = Yasser Desai, Altamash Faridi
| music3 = Tanishk Bagchi
| lyrics3 = [[Rashmi Virag]]
| length3 = 4:35
| title4 = Khwabfaroshi
| extra4 = Sachet Tandon, Parampara Thakur
| music4 = [[Sachet–Parampara]]
| lyrics4 = Siddharth-Garima
| length4 = 4:47
| title5 = Ki Honda Pyaar
| note5 = Male Version
| extra5 = [[Arijit Singh]]
| music5 = [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]
| lyrics5 = Raj Shekhar
| length5 = 5:22
| title6 = Macchardani
| extra6 = [[Jyotica Tangri]], Vishal Mishra
| music6 = Vishal Mishra
| lyrics6 = Raj Shekhar
| length6 = 4:09
| title7 = Ki Honda Pyaar
| note7 = Female Version
| extra7 = [[Neha Kakkar]], Vishal Mishra
| music7 = Vishal Mishra
| lyrics7 = Raj Shekhar
| length7 = 5:22
| title8 = Glassy 2.0 Remake
| extra8 = Yo Yo Honey Singh, Ashok Masti, Jyotica Tangri
| music8 = [[Ramji Gulati]], [[Ashok Masti]]
| lyrics8 = [[Kumaar]]
| length8 = 2:58
}}

== Reception ==
{{cleanup rewrite|section=yes|date=August 2019}}

Nandini Ramnath from [[Scroll.in]] rated the movie 1.5 stars on 5 and wrote, "Inexplicably convoluted and unforgivably long".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://scroll.in/reel/933274/jabariya-jodi-movie-review-inexplicably-convoluted-and-unforgivably-long |title='Jabariya Jodi' movie review: Inexplicably convoluted and unforgivably long |first=Nandini |last=Ramnath |website=Scroll.in|access-date=9 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809032958/https://scroll.in/reel/933274/jabariya-jodi-movie-review-inexplicably-convoluted-and-unforgivably-long|archive-date=9 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Lakshana N Palat from ''[[India Today]]'' wrote, "Sidharth Malhotra and Parineeti Chopra film is excruciatingly painful" and rated the movie 1.5 out of 5 stars.<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/jabariya-jodi-movie-review-sidharth-malhotra-and-parineeti-chopra-film-is-excruciatingly-painful-1579011-2019-08-09 |title=Jabariya Jodi Movie Review: Sidharth Malhotra and Parineeti Chopra film is excruciatingly painful |author=Lakshana N. Palat |date=August 13, 2019 |magazine=India Today|access-date=9 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809072318/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/jabariya-jodi-movie-review-sidharth-malhotra-and-parineeti-chopra-film-is-excruciatingly-painful-1579011-2019-08-09|archive-date=9 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[The Times of India]]'s Ronak Kotecha rated the movie 2.5 stars on 5 and wrote, "Jabariya Jodi starts on a promising note, but loses steam along the way. It tries to throw light on serious issues with lighter moments, but gets tangled in a melodramatic and unrealistic narrative that doesn't feel all that jabardust."<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/jabariya-jodi/movie-review/70592109.cms|title=Jabariya Jodi Review {2.5/5}|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref> [[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated the film one on five stars calling it a confused long drawn mess.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/jabariya-jodi-movie-review-rating-5890880/ |title=Jabariya Jodi review: A confused, long-drawn mess |website=The Indian Express |date=10 August 2019|access-date=9 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809072318/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/jabariya-jodi-movie-review-rating-5890880/|archive-date=9 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Box office===
''Jabariya Jodi''<nowiki/>'s opening day collection was {{INR}}27.0 million and the second day collection was {{INR}}37.0 million, whereas the third day collection went up to {{INR}}45.0 million, making its total collection for opening weekend to {{INR}}109.0 million.<ref name="boxoff">{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jabariya-jodi/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office |title=Jabariya Jodi Box Office |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=16 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811054105/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jabariya-jodi/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office|archive-date=11 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{As of|2019|08|23}}, with a gross of {{INR}}19.21 crore in India and {{INR}}1.92 crore overseas, the film has a worldwide gross collection of {{INR}}21.13 crore.<ref name="botop" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|8785426|Jobariya Jodi}}
* [https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jabariya-jodi/ Jobariya Jodi] on [[Bollywood Hungama]]
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|m/jabariya_jodi}}

{{Balaji Telefilms}}

[[Category:2019 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Sachet–Parampara]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vishal Mishra]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ramji Gulati]]
[[Category:Films about Indian weddings]]
[[Category:2019 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2019 films]]
[[Category:Films set in Bihar]]
[[Category:2019 masala films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language romantic comedy films]]

Gop Temple

2026-02-28T18:15:02Z

Donnell05T: stub - done

{{Short description|6th century Sun temple in Gujarat, India}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Gop Temple
| native_name = ગોપનું મંદિર
| native_name_lang = gu
| image = Gop Gupta-Tempel 1999.JPG
| alt = 6th century Gop temple in Gujarat
| caption = 6th century Sun temple
| map_type = India #India Gujarat
| relief = yes
| religious_affiliation = [[Hinduism]]
| other_names =
| proper_name =
| coordinates = {{coord|22|1|43|N|69|55|44|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Gujarat]]
| district = [[Jamnagar district]]
| location = Zinavari village, Jamjodhpur Taluka
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Surya]], Skanda, others<ref>{{cite book|author=Sara L. Schastok|title=The Śāmalājī Sculptures and 6th Century Art in Western India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jh1fF8HvJmMC|year=1985|publisher=BRILL Academic|isbn=90-04-06941-0|pages=75 with footnotes}}</ref>
| festivals=
| architecture_style = [[Hindu temple architecture]]
| year_completed = 6th century CE<ref name=wiesner47>{{cite book|author=Ulrich Wiesner|title=Nepalese Temple Architecture: Its Characteristics and Its Relations to Indian Development|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZoYeAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA47|year=1978|publisher=BRILL Academic|isbn=90-04-05666-1|pages=47–48 with footnotes}}</ref>
| website =
}}
The '''Gop temple''' is a Sun temple located at Zinavari village in Jamjodhpur Taluka of [[Jamnagar district]], [[Gujarat]], India. The [[Hindu temple]] is dated to the 6th century and is one of the earliest surviving stone temples in Gujarat.<ref name=wiesner47/><ref name="MishraRay2016">{{cite book|author1=Susan Verma Mishra|author2=Himanshu Prabha Ray|title=The Archaeology of Sacred Spaces: The Temple in Western India, 2nd Century BCE–8th Century CE|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CtDLDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA274|date=5 August 2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-19374-6|pages=108–109}}; Quote: "The earliest image in the region can be dated to the fourth century CE and a worn out figure at the temple of Gop dates to between 525 and 550 CE".</ref> The original temple had a square plan, a mandapa and covered circumambulation passage which are lost, and a pyramidal masonry roof which is ruined but whose partial remains have survived.<ref name=wiesner47/> The temple has a height of {{convert|23|ft}} which includes a small tower. The roof of the tower is decorated with arch-like [[gavaksha]] window shapes below an [[amalaka]] cogged wheel-shaped crown.

==Location==
It is located on the bank of Vartu river and south-west of the Gop hill of Barda Hills. The Zinavari village is also known as Juna or Nana Gop and is located east of Gop village. It is located north of [[Ghumli]], on a hill top.<ref name="Burgess1876">{{cite book|author=James Burgess|author-link=James Burgess (archaeologist)|title=Report on the Antiquities of Kutch & Kathiawar: Being the Result of the Second Season's Operations of the Archaeological Survey of Western India, 1874-1875|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u0D9MgEACAAJ|access-date=27 August 2016|year=1876|publisher=India Museum|location=London|page=187|quote={{PD-notice}}}} [http://www.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/106940 Alt URL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829062000/http://www.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/106940 |date=2016-08-29 }}</ref><ref name="MishraRay2016"/>

==History==
{{multiple image
| width = 150
| image1 = Old temple, general view from the east, Gop, Gujarat.jpg
| caption1 = East view
| image2 = View from the south-east of the old temple at Gop, Gujarat.jpg
| caption2 = Southeast view
| image3 = Old temple, general view from the north-west, Gop, Gujarat.jpg
| caption3 = Northwest view
}}
The ancient temple of Gop is considered the earliest surviving stone temple of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]], [[Gujarat]].<ref name="MishraRay2016"/><ref name="Burgess1876"/> Burgess in 1876 estimated that it not later than 6th century.<ref name="Burgess1876"/> Sankalia states that the temple belongs to the 5th century but not earlier than [[Junagadh Buddhist Cave Groups|Uparkot caves of Junagadh]] based on the [[Kahu-Jo-Darro]] [[stupa]] of [[Mirpurkhas]].<ref name="Sankalia1941">{{cite book|author=Hasmukh Dhirajlal Sankalia|title=The Archaeology of Gujarat: Including Kathiawar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fvAdAAAAMAA|year=1941|publisher=Natwarlal & Company|pages=55–59}}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [http://www.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/51876 Alt URL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803130738/http://www.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/51876 |date=2017-08-03 }}</ref> The temple is generally dated to late 6th century (575-600 CE).<ref name=wiesner47/><ref name="Jain-Neubauer1981">{{cite book|author=Jutta Jain-Neubauer|title=The Stepwells of Gujarat: In Art-historical Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=61fSwBF4bbYC&pg=PR14|date=1 January 1981|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-0-391-02284-3|page=14}}</ref>

K. V. Soundara Rajan assigned the first half of the 7th century.<ref name="Rajan1980">{{cite book|author=K. V. Soundara Rajan|title=A Note on the Age of Gop Temple in ''Glimpses of Indian Culture: History & Archaeology''|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lgpuAAAAMAAJ|year=1980|publisher=Sundeep|pages=196–199}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Annual Bibliography of Indian Archaeology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-hwVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA90|publisher=Brill Archive|isbn=90-04-03691-1|page=90}}</ref> The most probable date considered now is the last quarter of 6th century ([[Maitraka]] period) to the first half of the 7th century.<ref name="Sompura1968">{{cite book|last=Sompura|first=Kantilal F.|title=The Structural Temples of Gujarat, Upto 1600 A.D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dXTqAAAAMAAJ|year=1968|publisher=Gujarat University|pages=75–76}}</ref> The temple is a protected monument by [[Archeological Survey of India]] and is designated as [[Monument of National Importance|a Monument of National Importance]] (N-GJ-133).

==Description==
[[File:600 CE Gop Surya temple, Zinavari Gujarat plan, 1876 sketch.jpg|thumb|The small, 23 feet tall Gop temple has a square plan.]]
The temple has a square plan to which were added bricked double courtyards centuries later. The temple was bigger and included a mandapa and a roofed ''pradakshina-patha'' (circumambulation passage), but most of it was damaged and has fallen away leaving a peculiar looking skeletal structure. The sanctum walls remain standing and parts above the ''[[shikhara]]''.{{efn-ua|In south India, this part is called ''[[vimana]]'', a term virtually not used in north India and Gujarat. So ''shikhara'' is used here to describe the spire.}} The shrine is 10 feet 9 inches square from inside. It is 23 feet high and has 2 feet 6 inches thick walls. The walls are plain without any ornamentation and perpendicular to height till 17 feet and over it survives the pyramidal ''shikhara''. Each course is about 8 inches deep and is jointed. Thus it is built from stones without any kind of cement. At 11 feet from the floor, there are four holes in the front and back walls, each 14 inches high, probably for joists; and over them, in side walls, are six smaller holes, probably for rafters. The sanctum faces the east. Its front wall fell and seems rebuilt at someone with the inner sides of the stones turned out, showing the sockets of the clamps with which the stones had been secured. There is an inscription on the left [[jamb]] of the door which Burgess was unable to decipher.<ref name="Burgess1876"/><ref name="Wiesner1978">{{cite book|author=Ulrich Wiesner|title=Nepalese Temple Architecture: Its Characteristics and Its Relations to Indian Development|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZoYeAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA48|date=1 January 1978|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-05666-1|pages=47–48}}</ref>

[[File:Gop Sun temple Zinavari Gujarat roof north.jpg|thumb|Sketch of ruined roof (north side). The arch shaped motifs include reliefs.]]
[[File:Inscription on the left jamb of the door of temple at Gop, Gujarat.png|thumb|Inscription on the left jamb of the door]]
The ''shikhara'' (spire) is formed by six or seven courses having beveled edges followed by square faces and at last the apex covered by single slab. It follows corbel principle, the interior is hollow. From outside, it rises in tiers having three clear divisions. The lowest division has two [[gavaksha]]s or arch-shaped motifs on each side, with some images carved in. The apex is crowned by a single stone ''[[amalaka]]'' (stone disc) on it. Some figures on the Shikhara are identifiable. There is [[Ganesha|a Ganesha]] figure still visible in the west side and another [[Deva (Hinduism)|Deva]] figure on the north side. There are a series of holes 2{{1/2}} feet below the string-course which supported beams that once supported the roof of inner courtyard.<ref name="Burgess1876"/><ref name="Wiesner1978"/><ref name="Nanavati Dhaky 1969"/>

Of the two courtyards, the inner courtyard is mostly broken. It was 35 feet 2 inches square with bay on the east side 18 feet 4 inches by 7 feet 3 inches. It may have served as ''[[parikrama]]'' path so it is ''sandhara'' (with circumambulatory path) type of temple. The basement of it was decorated on all four sides by one niche in the centre and one each at the corners. These are empty, but likely had sculptures inside. The stretch between these niches was ornamented with small figures such as dwarfs. The outer courtyard was about 9{{1/2}} feet wide. It was probably open above or at least laterally.<ref name="Burgess1876"/><ref name="Wiesner1978"/>

There are two figures of deities in yellow stone inside the shrine. It can not be decided who are they exactly. They are locally known as [[Rama]] and [[Lakshaman]]. The Ram figure has high square ''Mukuta'' or head-dress while Lakshamana has low crown, long ear-rings, ringlets and holds spear in right hand.<ref name="Burgess1876"/> The temple features iconography of [[Vishnu]], [[Skandha]], [[Surya]] (the solar deity) and the temple has been locally called Surya Mandir. The site also shows iconography of [[Shivaism]], with evidence that Hindu monks lived here.<ref name="Burgess1876"/><ref name="Nanavati Dhaky 1969"/>

==Influences and resemblances==
The temple is an unusual architectural variation on the Nagara style. It has resemblances with early Dravidian temples of [[Pattadakal]] and [[Aihole]]. It also have similarities with temples of [[Kashmir]] in the arrangement of roof and the trefoil niches on the outside wall of the inner courtyard.<ref name="Sastri1982">{{cite book|author=Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta Sastri|title=A Comprehensive History of India: pt. 1-2. A.D. 300-985|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9MMKAQAAIAAJ|year=1982|publisher=Orient Longmans|pages=1156–1158}}</ref> Such temples include [[Martand Sun Temple]], [[Pandrethan Shiva Temple]] and Payar temple though all of them are later than 8th century. [[Gupta Empire|Gupta]] period temples, the temple is on high and square plinth, ''jagati'', with a projection on the east. But the plinth is much higher and is made of heavy blocks of stone which is characteristic local form.<ref name="Agrawala1968">{{cite book|author=Prithvi Kumar Agrawala|title=Gupta temple architecture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yB5UAAAAMAAJ|year=1968|publisher=Prithivi Prakashan|page=57}}</ref> The temple has ''chaitya''-windows similar to [[Junagadh Buddhist Cave Groups|Uparkot caves of Junagadh]] but they had lost their use as ''vedika'' so they must have evolved later. The sculpture of [[Kahu-Jo-Darro]] stupa of [[Mirpurkhas]] has similarities with sculptures of Gop temple. As it is dated 4th to 5th century, the Gop temple may have belonged to similar period.<ref name="Burgess1876"/> The [[radiocarbon dating]] of the wood beam from the temple dating has confirmed its age of 550 AD.<ref name="Nanavati Dhaky 1969">{{cite journal|last=Nanavati|first=J. M.|last2=Dhaky|first2=M. A.|author-link2=Madhusudan Dhaky|year=1969|title=The Maitraka and the Saindhava Temples of Gujarat|url=http://vmis.in/Resources/digital_publication_popup?id=79|journal=Artibus Asiae. Supplementum|publisher=JSTOR|volume=26|pages=33–40|doi=10.2307/1522666|access-date=31 December 2016|jstor=1522666|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

==Notes and references==
===Notes===
{{notelist-ua}}

===References===
{{Reflist}}

{{commons category|Gop temple}}
{{Sun temples}}
{{Hindu inscriptions and arts|state=autocollapse}}
{{Hindudharma}}
{{Hindu temples in Gujarat}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Surya temples]]
[[Category:7th-century Hindu temples]]
[[Category:6th-century Hindu temples]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Jamnagar district]]
[[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Gujarat]]

Hunt Construction Group

2026-02-28T06:04:40Z

Donnell05T: Content updated and refined

{{short description|American construction management company}}
{{multiple issues|
{{notability|Companies|date=September 2012}}
{{primary sources|date=September 2012}}
}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2026}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Hunt Construction Group
| logo =
| caption =
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| predecessor = Huber, Hunt & Nichols
| foundation = {{sda|1944}}<ref name="profile">{{cite web|title=Corporate Profile |url=http://www.huntconstructiongroup.com/about/corporate-profile.html |publisher=Hunt Construction Group |access-date=September 11, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830033757/http://www.huntconstructiongroup.com/about/corporate-profile.html |archive-date=August 30, 2012 }}</ref>
| founder = Paul B. Hunt Arber J. Huber Harry S. Nichols
| location_city = 2450 South Tibbs Avenue [[Indianapolis|Indianapolis, IN]] 46241
| location_country = United States
| locations = 6
| key_people = Robert G. Hunt (CEO)
| industry = [[Construction Management]]
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| owner = [[Aecom]]
| num_employees = 675
}}
'''Hunt Construction Group''' is an American construction management firm based in [[Indianapolis]], [[Indiana]]. The company was formerly known as '''Huber, Hunt & Nichols''' was founded in 1944 by Paul B. Hunt, Arber J. Huber and Harry S. Nichols.<ref name="profile"/> The firm changed its name from Huber, Hunt & Nichols to its current name in 2000.<ref>{{cite news |title=Longevity Pays Off for Indianapolis Contractor|first=Katie|last=Maurer|url=http://business.highbeam.com/5280/article-1G1-166187836/longevity-pays-off-indianapolis-contractor|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210051627/http://business.highbeam.com/5280/article-1G1-166187836/longevity-pays-off-indianapolis-contractor|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 10, 2013|newspaper=[[American City Business Journals|Indianapolis Business Journal]]|date=June 18, 2007|access-date=August 29, 2013}}</ref> It was acquired by [[AECOM]] in 2014.<ref>[http://www.aecom.com/What+We+Do/Construction+Services/_news/AECOM+acquires+Hunt+Construction+Group+to+join+its+construction+services+business AECOM acquires Hunt Construction Group to join its construction services business]</ref>

==Notable projects==

===Aviation===
*[[Denver International Airport]] South Terminal Development
*[[Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport]] Edward H. McNamara Midfield Terminal
*[[Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport]] Maynard B. Jackson International Terminal
*[[Indianapolis International Airport]] Col. H. Weir Cook Terminal
*[[Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport]] Terminal 4<ref>{{cite press release |title=America West and City of Phoenix Open New Sky Harbor Concourse; Lay Foundation for Expanded Air Service|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/America+West+and+City+of+Phoenix+Open+New+Sky+Harbor+Concourse%3B+Lay...-a057066272|publisher=America West Airlines|date=November 1, 1999|access-date=August 29, 2013}}</ref>

===Convention centers===
*[[Boston Convention and Exhibition Center]]
*[[Salt Palace|Calvin L. Rampton Salt Palace Convention Center]]<ref>{{cite news |title=New Facility Will Be a Palace Indeed|first=Max B.|last=Knudson|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/364401/NEW-FACILITY-WILL-BE-A-PALACE-INDEED.html?pg=all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304044857/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/364401/NEW-FACILITY-WILL-BE-A-PALACE-INDEED.html?pg=all|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 4, 2016|newspaper=[[Deseret News]]|location=Salt Lake City|date=July 17, 1994|access-date=August 29, 2013}}</ref>
*[[Connecticut Convention Center]]
*[[Dallas Convention Center|Kay Bailey Hutchison Convention Center]] Expansion<ref>{{cite web|title=Structural |url=http://www.hirschfeld.com/docs/Hirschfeld_Projects_Portfolio.pdf |publisher=Hirschfeld Industries |access-date=August 29, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611080513/http://www.hirschfeld.com/docs/Hirschfeld_Projects_Portfolio.pdf |archive-date=June 11, 2014 }}</ref>
*[[DeVos Place Convention Center]]
*[[Moscone Center|Moscone West]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Falling Lift Hurts 2 at Moscone Work Site|first=Henry K.|last=Lee|url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Falling-lift-hurts-2-at-Moscone-work-site-2872178.php|newspaper=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|date=February 22, 2002|access-date=August 29, 2013}}</ref>
*[[San Jose Convention Center|San Jose McEnery Convention Center]] Expansion<ref>{{cite news |title=The Expansion of San Jose's Convention Center Nears Completion|first=Scott|last=Herhold|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/scott-herhold/ci_23814757/herhold-expansion-san-joses-convention-center-nears-completion|newspaper=[[San Jose Mercury News]]|date=August 7, 2013|access-date=August 29, 2013}}</ref>

===Education===

====Higher education====
*[[Case Western Reserve University]] Richard F. Celeste Biomedical Research Building<ref>{{cite web |title=Office Properties in University|url=http://en.phorio.com/?t=overview&channel=715902609&region=656344504&company=|publisher=Phorio|access-date=August 29, 2013}}</ref>
*Case Western Reserve University Kelvin Smith Library<ref>{{cite web|title=Our Work |url=http://www.clevelandcement.com/other.html |publisher=Cleveland Cement |access-date=August 29, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215070648/http://www.clevelandcement.com/other.html |archive-date=February 15, 2015 }}</ref>
*Case Western Reserve University Peter B. Lewis Building<ref>{{cite web |title=Cleveland Gets A Case of Gehry's Totally Unreserved|first=Andrew|last=Roe|url=https://enr.construction.com/projects/buildings/archives/020527.asp|work=[[Engineering News-Record]]|date=May 27, 2002|access-date=August 29, 2013}}</ref>
*[[Collin County Community College District]]
* Rose-Hulman Alumni Center
* Rose-Hulman Residence Hall
*[[Princeton University]] [[Princeton University Library|Lewis Science Library]]
*[[Purdue University]] Philip E. Nelson Hall of Food Science
*[[Syracuse University]] Science & Technology Center<ref>{{cite web|title=Center for Science and Technology|url=http://archives.syr.edu/buildings/cst.html|publisher=Syracuse University|access-date=August 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008095032/http://archives.syr.edu/buildings/cst.html|archive-date=October 8, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[University of California, Berkeley School of Law]] Infill
*[[University of California, Berkeley]] Central Dining & Office Facility
*[[University of California, Santa Barbara]] San Clemente Student Apartments
*[[University of Louisville]] Dr. Donald E. Baxter Biomedical Research Building<ref>{{cite news |title=Several Projects Under Way Surpass $25 Million Mark|first=Joan|last=Harvey|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/louisville/stories/1998/08/03/focus4.html?page=all|work=Business First|date=August 3, 1998|access-date=August 29, 2013}}</ref>
*[[University of North Texas]] Environmental Education, Science, and Technology Building
*[[University of Pittsburgh]] [[John G. Rangos School of Health Sciences]]
*[[Yale University]] Rosenkrantz Hall

====K–12====
*Anna May Elementary School
*[[Boswell High School]]
*Coyote Ridge Elementary School
*[[Frisco Lone Star High School]]
*LaVallita Elementary School
*[[Mansfield Legacy High School]]
*Robinswood Middle School
*Lester B. Sommer Elementary School
*Pleasant Hill Elementary School
*Sugar Creek Elementary School

===Government===

*Cedar Hill Government Center
*City of Lewisville Library
*Collin County Justice Center
*Major General Emmitt J. Bean Center
*[[San Francisco Federal Building]]
* Fresno County Courthouse

===Healthcare===
*Carson Tahoe Hospital
*Carson Tahoe Regional Medical Center
*[[UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh]]
*UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
*[[Los Angeles County+USC Medical Center]]
*Methodist Hospital North
*Riley Outpatient Center
*[[Brooke Army Medical Center|San Antonio Military Medical]]
*[[Sequoia Hospital]]
*VA New Southern Nevada Medical Center

===Hospitality===
*[[Arizona Biltmore Hotel]]
*[[Bonnet Creek Resort]]
*[[Conrad Hotels|Conrad Hotel]] Indianapolis
*Grande Lakes Orlando
*Hotel Palomar Phoenix CityScape
*Isleta Resort and Casino
*[[JW Marriott Hotels|JW Marriott Complex]] [[Indianapolis]]
*[[JW Marriott Hotels|JW]] [[Desert Ridge]]
*Marriott Downtown Louisville
*The Umstead Hotel and Spa
*W Fort Lauderdale

===Office===
*[[Salesforce Tower (Indianapolis)]]
*CityScape Block 22
*Countrywide at Chandler
*Merrill Lynch at Southfields
*[[One Liberty Place]]
*[[Procter & Gamble]] Headquarters
*Rosewood Court

===Performing arts===
*[[Charles W. Eisemann Center for Performing Arts]]
*DeVos Performance Hall
*[[Globe-News Center for the Performing Arts]]
*University of North Texas Lucille “Lupe” Murchison Performing Arts Center
*University of Texas of the Permain Wagner Noël Performing Arts Center

===Sports===

====Arenas====
*[[Amway Center]]
*[[Acrisure Arena]]
*[[Amerant Bank Arena]]
*[[Barclays Center]]
*[[Bell Centre]]
*[[Bud Walton Arena|The Palace of Mid-America]]
*[[College Park Center]]
*[[Consol Energy Center|PPG Paints Arena]]
*[[Intuit Dome]]
*[[KeyBank Center]]
*[[Rupp Arena]] (Original construction and Proposed 2014 Renovation)
*[[Time Warner Cable Arena|Spectrum Center]]
*[[United Center]]
*[[Vibrant Arena at The MARK|The MARK of the Quad Cities]] (now the Vibrant Arena at The MARK)

====Stadiums====
<div style="float:left; width:48%;">
*[[Oracle Park]]
*[[Busch Stadium]]
*[[Chase Field]]
*[[Citi Field]]
*[[Citizens Bank Park]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Catching a Steel Peer: Where is the Phils' New Park? Now You Can Actually See It|first=Kristian|last=Pope|url=http://articles.philly.com/2002-11-02/sports/25354848_1_long-awaited-stadium-steel-paint|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002847/http://articles.philly.com/2002-11-02/sports/25354848_1_long-awaited-stadium-steel-paint|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 4, 2016|newspaper=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]|date=November 2, 2002|access-date=August 29, 2013}}</ref>
*[[Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum]] Renovation (Joint Venture with Hathaway Dinwiddie Construction Company)
*[[Comerica Park]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Comerica Park|url=http://www.ballparks.com/baseball/index.htm|publisher=Ballparks.com|access-date=August 29, 2013}}</ref>
*[[Gerald J. Ford Stadium]]
*[[Great American Ballpark]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Great American Ballpark|first=Graham|last=Knight|url=http://www.baseballpilgrimages.com/national/cincinnati.html|work=Baseball Pilgrimages|date=April 25, 2010|access-date=August 29, 2013}}</ref>
*[[Lucas Oil Stadium]]
*[[LoanDepot Park]]
*[[Mercedes-Benz Superdome|Caesars Superdome]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Contract Signed for Louisiana Superdome|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1842&dat=19710305&id=8AAsAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3McEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1527,699532|newspaper=[[TimesDaily]]|location=Florence, AL|date=March 5, 1971|access-date=August 29, 2013|page=9}}</ref></div><div style="float:right; width:48%;">
*[[American Family Field]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Miller Park Builders Finally Allowed to Play Ball|first=Mike|last=Dries|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/milwaukee/stories/1997/06/23/focus1.html?page=all|newspaper=[[American City Business Journals|Milwaukee Business Journal]]|date=June 23, 1997|access-date=August 29, 2013}}</ref>
*[[Nationals Park]]
*[[Papa John's Cardinal Stadium|Cardinal Stadium]]
*[[Progressive Field]]
*[[Pratt & Whitney Stadium at Rentschler Field]]
*[[T-Mobile Park]]
*[[SoFi Stadium]]
*[[Southwest University Park]]<ref>{{cite news|title=El Paso City Council to Award Baseball Stadium Contract |first=Cindy |last=Ramirez |url=http://www.elpasotimes.com/news/ci_22319327/ballpark-contract-table |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130827160849/http://www.elpasotimes.com/news/ci_22319327/ballpark-contract-table |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 27, 2013 |newspaper=[[El Paso Times]] |date=January 6, 2013 |access-date=August 29, 2013 }}</ref>
*[[Tropicana Field]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=Florida Suncoast Dome |url=http://www.pci.org/view_file.cfm?file=JL-90-JANUARY-FEBRUARY-10.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215121910/https://www.pci.org//view_file.cfm?file=JL-90-JANUARY-FEBRUARY-10.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 15, 2023 |journal=PCI Journal |date=January 1990 |access-date=August 29, 2013 }}</ref>
*[[State Farm Stadium]]
*[[Mercedes-Benz Stadium]]
*[[JMA Wireless Dome]]
</div>
{{Clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{official website|http://www.huntconstructiongroup.com/}}

[[Category:Construction and civil engineering companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Companies based in Indianapolis]]
[[Category:American companies established in 1944]]
[[Category:Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1944]]
[[Category:1944 establishments in Indiana]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{Indianapolis-stub}}
{{US-company-stub}}

Esha Kansara

2026-02-24T22:57:47Z

Donnell05T: refined citations and cleaned formatting

{{short description|Indian television actress (born 1992)}}
{{promotional|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name =
| image =
| caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1992|08|20|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = {{ubl|Dancer|Actress}}
| years_active = 2010–present
| notable_works = {{ubl|''[[Maddam Sir]]''|''[[Zindagi Mere Ghar Aana]]'' |''[[3 Ekka]]'' |''[[Fakt Purusho Maate]]''}}
| mother =
| father =
| spouse = {{marriage|Siddharth Bhavsar|2022}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Maddam Sir fame Esha Kansara shares pics from her dreamy wedding with husband Siddharth Bhavsar|website=Times of India |date=2022-12-05 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/maddam-sir-fame-esha-kansara-shares-pics-from-her-dreamy-wedding-with-husband-siddharth-bhavsar-see-pics/articleshow/95993984.cms |access-date=2023-04-22}}</ref>
}}

'''Esha Kansara''' (born 20 August 1992) is an Indian actress who starred in the Hindi TV serials ''[[Mukti Bandhan]]'' and ''[[Meri Bhabhi (2013 TV series)|Meri Bhabhi]]''. She was appeared in the series ''[[Maddam Sir]]'' (2020) and ''[[Zindagi Mere Ghar Aana]]'' (2021).

== Early life ==
Kansara was born in [[Ahmedabad]] on 20 August 1992. She was born to Ramesh Kansara, a businessman, and Harsha Kansara, a homemaker. Her family includes her brother, Daivik Kansara, a businessman, and her sister-in-law, Kalindi Soni Kansara, also a homemaker.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

At the age of 6, she commenced her training in the dance form [[Bharatanatyam|''Bharatnatyam'']] and performed her [[Arangetram (dance)|''Arangetram'']] at the age of 14. Her interest in dance led her to the stage of ''Dance India Dance'' when she was in 10th grade, where she was among the top 100 contestants.

Kansara took part in stage performances during this time, including in 12th grade performing as the lead in the play ''Dikri Toh Devthi Vishesh'', which was then renamed ''Ame Toh Khush-Khushal''. In that play, she depicted the character of a blind girl.

In 2010, Esha moved to [[Mumbai]]. There, she joined the Mithibai College of Commerce and Arts. For 13 years she has been in the field of acting. She has made two TEDx speeches, six Gujarati films,<ref name=":1">{{Citation |last=Sharma |first=Rajesh |title=3 Ekka |date=2023-08-25 |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt28037281/ |type=Comedy, Drama |access-date=2023-09-20 |others=Malhar Thakar, Yash Soni, Mitra Gadhvi |publisher=Anand Pandit Motion Pictures, Jannock Films}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Bhatt |first=Chandresh |title=Prem Prakaran |date=2022-06-10 |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt18815714/ |type=Drama, Romance |access-date=2023-09-20 |others=Gaurav Paswala, Esha Kansara, Deeksha Joshi |publisher=Cineaste Studios}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Shah |first=Viral |title=Midnights with Menka |date=2018-12-07 |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9343816/ |type=Comedy, Drama |access-date=2023-09-20 |others=Malhar Thakar, Esha Kansara, Hardik Sangani |publisher=Coconut Motion Pictures}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Parmar |first=Chinmay |title=Vandha Villas |date=2018-05-18 |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8422610/ |type=Comedy |access-date=2023-09-20 |others=Prapti Ajwalia, Jay Bhatt, Haresh Dagia |publisher=Sudarshan Entertainment}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Vyas |first=Tapan |title=Mijaaj |date=2018-01-05 |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7967846/ |type=Action, Drama |access-date=2023-09-20 |others=Malhar Thakar, Esha Kansara, Revanta Sarabhai |publisher=Bhavik Patel Productions}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=Shah |first=Sheetal |title=Duniyadari the Film |date=2017-02-17 |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6437870/ |type=Drama |access-date=2023-09-20 |others=Malhar Thakar, Esha Kansara, Aarjav Trivedi |publisher=Kamal Amrohi Pictures, Worldwide Motion Pictures}}</ref> five television shows, more than 25 TV commercials, and various OTT sketches and music videos. In 2022, she married Siddharth Amit Bhavsar,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-05 |title=Maddam Sir fame Esha Kansara shares pics from her dreamy wedding with husband Siddharth Bhavsar; see pics |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/maddam-sir-fame-esha-kansara-shares-pics-from-her-dreamy-wedding-with-husband-siddharth-bhavsar-see-pics/articleshow/95993984.cms |access-date=2023-09-20 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> a music composer and singer.
== Career ==
Kansara's acting career began in 2010 with a Hindi TV serial, ''[[Mukti Bandhan]]'', which was an adaptation of the novel ''Mukti Bandhan'' by Shri [[Harkisan Mehta]]. Presented by Shobhana Desai's Production Pvt. Ltd., ''Mukti Bandhan''<ref>{{Citation |title=Mukti Bandhan |date=2011-01-10 |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8783040/ |type=Drama |access-date=2023-09-23 |others=Esha Kansara, Siddharth Arora, Shivkumar Subramaniam |publisher=Shobhana Desai Production}}</ref> revolved around the story of a self-made businessman, I.M. Virani, and his daughter-in-law Devki Shah Virani, played by Kansara as the female protagonist. Later on, she played roles in other Hindi serials, including ''[[Ek Nanad Ki Khushiyon Ki Chaabi...Meri Bhabhi]]''<ref>{{Citation |title=Ek Nanad Ki Khushiyon Ki Chaabi... Meri Bhabhi |date=2013-06-17 |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3385976/ |type=Drama |access-date=2023-09-23 |others=Kanchi Kaul, Esha Kansara, Vipul Gupta |publisher=DJ's A Creative Unit}}</ref> and ''[[Maddam Sir]]'',.<ref>{{Citation |title=Maddam Sir - Kuch Baat Hai Kyunki Jaazbaat Hai |date=2020-02-03 |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11867650/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1 |type=Comedy |access-date=2023-09-23 |others=Gulki Joshi, Yukti Kapoor, Sonali Naik |publisher=Jay Productions}}</ref>

Kansara played the role of<ref>{{Cite web |title=Review: Star Plus' Meri Bhabhi |url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/review-star-plus-meri-bhabhi |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=Tellychakkar.com |language=en}}</ref> Kritika (Kittu) in the TV serial ''Ek Nanad Ki Khushiyon Ki Chaabi, Meri Bhabhi''. The show explored the bond shared between a sister-in-law and daughter-in-law. Shraddha the nanad finds a friend in Kritika, her bhabhi.<ref name=":1" />
Later on, she made a cameo in ''Maddam Sir'', which was aired on SAB TV. In ''Maddam Sir'', Kansara portrayed the character of Misri Pandey,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Esha Kansara aka SHO Mishri Pandey in a fix in 'Maddam Sir' |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/esha-kansara-aka-sho-mishri-pandey-in-a-fix-in-maddam-sir_189306 |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=India Forums |language=en}}</ref> a bratty police officer. Through the character of Misri Pandey, she explored the grey shade as an actor and became quite popularly known for the character.{{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

Before that, Kansara played the role of Radha<ref>{{Citation |title=My Name Ijj Lakhan |date=2019-01-26 |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9603564/?ref_=tt_ch |type=Comedy |access-date=2023-09-23 |others=Shreyas Talpade, Esha Kansara, Parmeet Sethi}}</ref> in the sitcom series ''My Name Ijj Lakkhan'' opposite [[Shreyas Talpade]]. This sitcom was a 26-episode series with a cast including [[Archana Puran Singh]] and [[Parmeet Sethi]].

In 2021, Kansara starred in another Hindi TV serial named ''Zindagi Mere Ghar Aana''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-24 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Esha Kansara reveals her prep for Zindagi Mere Ghar Aana: It was a difficult choice to play Amrita |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/exclusive-esha-kansara-reveals-her-prep-zindagi-mere-ghar-aana-it-was-difficult-choice-play-amrita-828287 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=31 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531135450/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/exclusive-esha-kansara-reveals-her-prep-zindagi-mere-ghar-aana-it-was-difficult-choice-play-amrita-828287 |url-status=dead }}</ref> in which she played the role of Amrita.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-21 |title=Zindagi Mere Ghar Aana: प्रेग्‍नेंट विधवा का रोल निभा रहीं 23 साल की Esha Kansara, जानिए कैसे की तैयारी |url=https://www.timesnowhindi.com/entertainment/television/article/zindagi-mere-ghar-aana-actress-esha-kansara-on-playing-role-of-pregnant-widow-amrita-sakhuja/355367 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=www.timesnowhindi.com |language=hi}}</ref> The storyline of this serial revolved around Amrita and Pritam, who are two contrasting personalities who encounter each other when he moves in as a tenant.{{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

Kansara has also portrayed roles in Gujarati films. She debuted in Gujarati cinema in 2017 with [[Duniyadari (2017 film)|''Duniyadaari'']]<ref name=":0" /> opposite [[Malhar Thakar]]. The remake of the Marathi movie ''Duniyadari'', the film featured themes of love, friendship, relationships, and destiny, based in the period of the mid-70s. The story conveys the emotions of the youth and their romantic journeys, as well as what destiny has in store for them.

Later in 2018, she starred in another Gujarati film named ''[[Midnights with Menka]]''<ref>{{Cite news |title=Midnights With MenkaUA |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/midnights-with-menka/movieshow/66953994.cms |access-date=2023-09-23 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> opposite Malhar Thakar. In this film, Kansara was the lead actress and played the role of Esha, a dumb character of a cable TV ads' top heroine who was also a fan of Malhar Thakar.{{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

In the same year, Esha Kansara starred in another Gujarati film, ''Vandha Vilas''<ref>{{Citation |last=Parmar |first=Chinmay |title=Vandha Villas |date=2018-05-18 |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8422610/ |type=Comedy |access-date=2023-09-23 |others=Prapti Ajwalia, Jay Bhatt, Haresh Dagia |publisher=Sudarshan Entertainment}}</ref> in which she played the role of Shivani. Later in 2018, she starred in ''[[Mijaaj]]''<ref>{{Cite news |title=MijaajUA |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/mijaaj/movieshow/61983293.cms |access-date=2023-09-23 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> opposite Malhar Thakar, making her first appearance in an action film. In 2022, she starred in the Gujarati romantic film ''Prem Prakaran''<ref>{{Cite news |title=Prem PrakaranUA |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/prem-prakaran/movieshow/89743532.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-23 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> which was a coming-of age cinema with a story of a love triangle starring Gaurav Paswala and ''[[Deeksha Joshi]]''. She played the character of Riya.

Her film, ''[[3 Ekka]],'' had been a blockbuster hit, generating over 20 crores in the first 2 weeks of its release.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-04 |title=3 Ekka Box Office Update: Gujarati blockbuster cruises towards Rs 20 crore nett after a historic 2nd weekend |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/3-ekka-box-office-update-gujarati-blockbuster-cruises-towards-rs-20-crore-nett-after-a-historic-2nd-weekend-1240879 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref> In ''3 Ekka'', Kansara plays the role of Jhanvi,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-28 |title='3 Ekka's Esha Kansara radiates glamour in her latest captivating clicks |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/3-ekkas-esha-kansara-radiates-glamour-in-her-latest-captivating-clicks/articleshow/103128973.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-23 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> a craft teacher at school whose morals and values do not allow her boyfriend (played by Yash Soni) to gamble for his friends, who are in big trouble.

In 2024, Esha starred in two films, ''[[Builder Boys]]'' and ''[[Fakt Purusho Maate]]''. In Builder Boys, Esha Kansara plays the character Divya<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-29 |title=Esha Kansara kickstarts the promotion of her upcoming film 'Builder Boys' in style |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/esha-kansara-kickstarts-the-promotion-of-her-upcoming-film-builder-boys-in-style/articleshow/111364972.cms |access-date=2025-08-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and played the character of Radhika<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-28 |title=Esha Kansara looks wow in red saree at 'Fakt Purusho Maate' screening |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/esha-kansara-looks-wow-in-red-saree-at-fakt-purusho-maate-screening/articleshow/112846799.cms |access-date=2025-08-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> which is a personification of strength and grace.

== Filmography ==
=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: left;"
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
!Ref.
|-
| 2017|| ''[[Duniyadari (2017 film)|Duniyadari]]'' || Kavita Zaveri
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2018 || ''[[Mijaaj]]'' || Jahnvi
|
|-
| ''Vandha Villas''<ref name=":2" />|| Shivani
|<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/gujarati-film-vandha-villas-is-finally-set-to-release/articleshow/63927987.cms|title=Gujarati film Vandha Villas is finally set to release|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-08-13}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Midnights with Menka]]'' || Esha
|<ref>{{Citation|title=Midnights With Menka Movie Review {3.0/5}: Critic Review of Midnights With Menka by Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-reviews/midnights-with-menka/movie-review/66989313.cms|access-date=2019-08-13}}</ref>
|-
|2022
| ''Prem Prakaran''
|Riya
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/esha-kansara-and-deeksha-joshi-to-share-the-screen-for-a-gujarati-film/articleshow/70155398.cms|title=Esha Kansara and Deeksha Joshi to share the screen for a Gujarati film|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-08-13}}</ref>
|-
|2023
| ''[[3 Ekka]]''<ref name=":1" />
|Jhanvi
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024
| ''[[Builder Boys]]''
|Divya
|-
| ''[[Fakt Purusho Maate]]''
|Radhika
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-06 |title=Esha Kansara to play Radhika in 'Fakt Purusho Maate' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/esha-kansara-to-play-radhika-in-fakt-purusho-maate/articleshow/112298541.cms#:~:text=Esha%20Kansara,%20playing%20the%20role,adding%20intrigue%20to%20the%20film. |access-date=2025-04-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''[[Shubhchintak]]''
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shubhchintak (2025) - Movie {{!}} Reviews, Cast & Release Date in Mumbai |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/mumbai/shubhchintak/ET00436798?utm_source=FBLIKE&fbrefresh=1 |access-date=2026-01-22 |website=BookMyShow |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|}
[[File:Esha Kansara for 3 Ekka movie promotions.jpg|thumb|Esha Kansara for 3 Ekka movie promotions]]

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Ref.
|-
| 2010|| ''[[Dance India Dance]]'' || Contestant
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2011 || ''[[Mukti Bandhan]]'' || Devki Shah
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/TV-audience-relate-to-lot-of-drama-Esha-Kansara/articleshow/20523692.cms|title=TV audience relate to lot of drama: Esha Kansara |website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-08-13}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kitchen Champion|Kitchen Champion 4]]'' || Contestant
|
|-
| 2013–2014|| ''[[Ek Nanad Ki Khushiyon Ki Chaabi… Meri Bhabhi]]'' || Kritika Anand Shergill "Kittu"
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/gujarati/Meri-Bhabhi-Actors-get-sentimental-on-the-last-day-of-shoot/articleshow/33600782.cms|title=Esha Kansara on her last day of shoot for Meri Bhabhi |website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-08-13}}</ref>
|-
| 2019|| ''[[My Name Ijj Lakhan]]'' || Radha
|
|-
| 2020, 2022, 2023 || ''[[Maddam Sir]]'' || [[Sub Inspector|SI]]/SHO Misri Pandey
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-esha-kansara-to-re-enter-maddam-sir-says-my-character-is-almost-like-a-female-version-of-chulbul-pandey/articleshow/92903042.cms|title=Exclusive - Esha Kansara to re-enter Maddam Sir; says 'my character is almost like a female version of Chulbul Pandey'|work=[[Times Of India]]|access-date=2022-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/im-doing-a-cameo-in-maddam-sir-before-the-show-goes-off-air-esha-kansara/articleshow/97968916.cms?from=mdr|title=I'm doing a cameo in Maddam Sir before the show goes off air: Esha Kansara|date=2023-02-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Misri Pandey adds her own unique flavour to Maddam Sir : Esha Kansara on essaying Misri Pandey |url=https://firstindia.co.in/articles/misri-pandey-adds-her-own-unique-flavour-to-maddam-sir-esha-kansara-on-essaying-misri-pandey |website=firstindia.co.in |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2021–2022|| ''[[Zindagi Mere Ghar Aana]]'' || Amrita Sakhuja
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/esha-kansara-opens-up-about-her-character-and-preparation-for-the-upcoming-show-zindagi-mere-ghar-aana/articleshow/84724539.cms|access-date=2021-07-25|title=Esha Kansara opens up about her character and preparation for the upcoming show 'Zindagi Mere Ghar Aana'}}</ref>
|}

=== Web content ===
* Falling in Love after Arranged Marriage by FilterCopy<ref>{{Citation |title=Falling In Love After Arranged Marriage {{!}} Ft. Anshuman Malhotra, Esha Kansara |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZii9-UX3WY |access-date=2024-01-30 |language=en}}</ref>
* Falling In Love At Your BFF's Wedding (Part 1 & Part 2) by FilterCopy<ref>{{Citation |title=Falling In Love At Your BFF's Wedding (Part 1) {{!}} Ft. Sejal Kumar, Esha, Karan |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2jfKu2lzULU |access-date=2024-01-30 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Wedding Romance: Falling In Love At Your BFF's Wedding {{!}} Part 2 ft. @FilterCopy {{!}} Nykaa |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKsjzAyXdvQ |access-date=2024-01-30 |language=en}}</ref>
* When you move to a new city by FilterCopy<ref>{{Citation |title=When You Move To A New City {{!}} Our Happy Place {{!}} Ft. Esha Kansara & Vishal Vashishtha |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1_Cv1yA2yo |access-date=2024-01-30 |language=en}}</ref>
* Money conversations between Couples by FilterCopy<ref>{{Citation |title=FilterCopy {{!}} Money Conversations Between Couples {{!}} Ft. Esha Kansara & Vishal Vashishtha |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tx8w3lmr1jU |access-date=2024-01-30 |language=en}}</ref>
* When You Plan A Housewarming With Your Partner by FilterCopy<ref>{{Citation |title=FilterCopy {{!}} When You Plan A Housewarming With Your Partner {{!}} Our Happy Place {{!}} Ft. Esha & Vishal |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9xZbqZbl7A |access-date=2024-01-30 |language=en}}</ref>
* Almost Shaadi at 4am by FilterCopy<ref>{{Citation |title=FilterCopy {{!}} Almost Shaadi At 4AM {{!}} Ft. Esha Kansara & Vishal Vashisht |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=464vbzc17oU |access-date=2024-01-30 |language=en}}</ref>
* Story of a New Mom by FilterCopy<ref>{{Citation |title=FilterCopy {{!}} Story Of A New Mom {{!}} Ft. Esha Kansara, Sanyogita Yadav & Shabanam Vadhera |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c59M9Z_rUBI |access-date=2024-01-30 |language=en}}</ref>
* When Maasi Is your BFF by FilterCopy<ref>{{Citation |title=FilterCopy {{!}} When Maasi Is Your BFF {{!}} Ft. Archana Iyer, Esha Kansara & Visshesh Tiwari |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZUg-0OLQHs4 |access-date=2024-01-30 |language=en}}</ref>
* Dil ki suno stories by Girlyapa

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|6134772}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kansara, Esha}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian web series actresses]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Gujarati actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Gujarati cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]

Gian Singh Rab

2026-01-29T23:02:37Z

Donnell05T: bio - done

{{short description|Sikh scholar and martial artist}}
{{Not to be confused with|Giani Gian Singh}}{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = Baba
| name = Gian Singh
| honorific_suffix = 'Rab'
| image = Photograph of Baba Gian Singh 'Rab' in 1967.jpg
| caption = Photograph of Gian Singh 'Rab' in 1967
| known_for = Sikh martial artist specializing in ''[[Shastar Vidya]]''
}}
'''Gian Singh 'Rab'<nowiki/>''', also known as '''Gian Singh 'Sutantar'''', was a Sikh scholar and martial artist, belonging to the [[Nihang]] order, famous for his work on [[Shastar Vidya]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Jagtar |date=31 July 2013 |title=Controversial Neo-Nang Niddar to Hold Seminar in Toronto |work=Sikh24 |url=https://www.sikh24.com/2013/07/31/controversial-neo-nang-niddar-to-hold-seminar-in-toronto/ |access-date=13 September 2023}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Kamalroop |date=2012-11-22 |title=A translation of the Shastravidia book by Baba Gian Singh coming soon! |url=http://kamalroopsingh.blogspot.com/2012/11/a-translation-of-shastravidia-book-by.html |access-date=2023-09-14 |website=Dr Kamalroop Singh - Sikh Studies}}</ref><ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Santa |url=https://www.gurmatveechar.com/books/Punjabi_Books/Shastar.Vidiya.by.Akali.Baba.Santa.Singh.Buddha.Dal.(GurmatVeechar.com).pdf |title=Shastar Vidya |publisher=Budha Dal |language=pa}}</ref>

== Biography ==

=== Scholarly work ===
He spent forty years on textually analyzing the Guru Granth Sahib from very rare manuscripts and over a hundred codices (''[[Sikh scriptures|Birs]]''), eventually publishing his basic findings.<ref>Ernest Trumpp and W.H. McLeod as scholars of Sikh history religion and culture, Bhai Trilochan SinghInternational Centre of Sikh Studies, 1994</ref> His work with other research scholars, such as Kundan Singh and [[Randhir Singh (Sikh)|Randhir Singh]], was published under the title of ''Sri Guru Granth Sahib ji dian Santha-Sainchian are Puratan Hathlikhit Pavan Biran de Praspar Path-Bhedan di Suchi'' (title meaning "The List of Textual Variations Present in the Early Sacred Manuscripts and Printed Versions of the Guru Granth Sahib"), in 1977.<ref name=":0" />

=== Martial arts ===
He was also an ''[[ustad]]'' (teacher) of the traditional Sikh martial art system of ''[[Shastar Vidya]]'', which he taught to many students, helping ensure the survival of the martial art.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kamalroop |url=https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/34369/chapter-abstract/291509332?redirectedFrom=fulltext |title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2014 |editor-last=Singh |editor-first=Pashaura |series=Oxford Handbooks Online |pages=459–470 |chapter=38. Sikh Martial Art (Gatkā) |doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199699308.013.022 |editor-last2=Fenech |editor-first2=Louis E.}}</ref> After Gian Singh 'Rab' died, a small pamphlet he had authored was posthumously published.<ref name=":7" /> [[Akali Santa Singh|Santa Singh]] of the Budha Dal wrote a memoir work about him.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Santa |url=https://www.gurmatveechar.com/books/Punjabi_Books/Shastar.Vidiya.by.Akali.Baba.Santa.Singh.Buddha.Dal.(GurmatVeechar.com).pdf |title=Shastar Vidya |publisher=Budha Dal |language=pa}}</ref>

== Students ==
Some of the shastar vidya students, many of whom became accomplished Shastar Vidya instructors themselves, of Gian Singh 'Rab' include:

* Gian Singh (same name as his teacher) of Bhindran, he had trained seventeen Sikhs into becoming Shastar Vidya ustads himself<ref name=":0" />
* Pritam Singh of Patiala<ref name=":0" />
* Gurbax Singh of Langeri, Hoshiarpur district<ref name=":7" />
* Pritam Singh<ref name=":7" />
* Daya Singh 'Bhagatevale'<ref name=":7" />
* Nihal Singh of Harianvelan<ref name=":7" />
* Mohinder Singh, who was the teacher of the famous [[Nidar Singh Nihang|Nidar Singh]]<ref name=":7" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Nihang]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian scholars]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]

Cirkus (soundtrack)

2026-01-21T22:45:58Z

Donnell05T: new

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Cirkus
| type = soundtrack
| cover = Cirkus album cover.jpg
| caption = Soundtrack album cover for ''Cirkus''
| artist = [[Devi Sri Prasad]], Hiten-[[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]] and Lijo George-DJ Chetas
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2023|01|03}}<ref name="jiosaavn">{{Cite web |date=3 January 2023 |title=Cirkus– Original Motion Picture Soundtrack |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/cirkus/F8qbxwJYe2s_|website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref>
| recorded = 2021{{ndash}}2022
| studio = * [[YRF Studios]], [[Mumbai]]
* Soundideaz, Mumbai
* DSP Studio, [[Chennai]]
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=10|s=04}}
| language = [[Hindi]]
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer = Lijo George [[Devi Sri Prasad]] [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{Singles
| name = [[Cirkus (film)|Cirkus]]
| type = soundtrack
| single1 = Current Laga Re
| single1date = 8 December 2022
| single2 = Sun Zara
| single2date = 16 December 2022
| single3 = Aashiqui
| single3date = 21 December 2022
}}
}}

'''''Cirkus''''' is the [[soundtrack album]] to the 2022 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[action comedy film]] [[Cirkus (film)|of the same name]], directed by [[Rohit Shetty]]. The film was produced by [[Rohit Shetty|Rohit Shetty Productionz]] and [[T-Series Films]]. The soundtrack was composed by [[Devi Sri Prasad]], Hiten-[[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]] and Lijo George-DJ Chetas, while the background score was composed by [[Amar Mohile]].

The film featured three tracks with lyrics written by [[Kumaar]], and Badshah. The album was released by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] on 3 January 2023, post the film's release. The track "Current Laga Re" created the record for reaching 30 million views, within 24 hours of its release. The tracks "Current Laga Re" and "Sun Zara", topped the national charts, in all music and video platforms.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/vivek-hariharans-current-laga-re-garners-appreciation-from-audience-23263044|title=Vivek Hariharan's 'Current Laga Re' track from the Ranveer Singh starrer 'Cirkus' garners appreciation from audience|date=30 December 2022|website=Mid-day|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708204102/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/vivek-hariharans-current-laga-re-garners-appreciation-from-audience-23263044|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Production ==

In early-May 2021, it was reported that Rohit Shetty roped [[Devi Sri Prasad]] to compose the songs for the film, marking their maiden collaboration.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/bollywood/devi-sri-prasad-on-board-for-a-bollywood-film-684630|title=Devi Sri Prasad on board for a Bollywood film|date=3 May 2021|website=www.thehansindia.com|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708204933/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/bollywood/devi-sri-prasad-on-board-for-a-bollywood-film-684630|url-status=live}}</ref> He composed a dance number and romantic track for the film's soundtrack album.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ranveer-singh-and-rohit-shetty-bring-seeti-maar-hitmaker-devi-sri-prasad-on-board-for-cirkus/|title=Ranveer Singh and Rohit Shetty bring 'Seeti Maar' hitmaker Devi Sri Prasad on board for Cirkus : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=1 May 2021|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=16 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716055901/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ranveer-singh-and-rohit-shetty-bring-seeti-maar-hitmaker-devi-sri-prasad-on-board-for-cirkus/|url-status=live}}</ref> In January 2022, Prasad said "I was thrilled when I got a call from Rohit Shetty sir. I am really excited about this collaboration. We have already done the song, and it is the kind of track that I always wanted to compose in Hindi. It has a nice melody but it also has a sweet lovable groove to it."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/pushpa-composer-devi-sri-prasad-was-thrilled-when-rohit-shetty-called-me-for-a-song-in-cirkus-exclusive-4677869.html|title=Pushpa Composer Devi Sri Prasad: Was Thrilled When Rohit Shetty Called Me for a Song in Cirkus | Exclusive|date=20 January 2022|website=News18}}</ref> In an interview, Prasad said "I'm really looking forward to Rohit Shetty's film Cirkus. They are going to be straight Hindi songs and have a very nice melody. It has a nice groove to it. I was waiting to compose that kind of a song in Hindi, and Rohit sir really liked the song. I want to see how people will react to it."<ref name="DSP">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/pushpa-composer-devi-sri-prasad-shares-deets-on-ranveer-singh-s-cirkus-soundtrack-1902427-2022-01-20|title=Pushpa composer Devi Sri Prasad shares deets on Ranveer Singh's Cirkus soundtrack|date=20 January 2022|website=India Today}}</ref>

In March 2022, in a guest appearance on [[India's Got Talent season 9]], Rohit Shetty told the contestants [[Divyansh and Manuraj]] that they and [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]] would compose the theme song of the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/rohit-shetty-offers-indias-got-talent-contestants-divyansh-manuraj-chance-compose-next-film-cirkus-starring-ranveer-singh/|title=Rohit Shetty offers India's Got Talent contestants Divyansh, Manuraj a chance to compose for his next film Cirkus starring Ranveer Singh : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=5 March 2022|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708183730/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/rohit-shetty-offers-indias-got-talent-contestants-divyansh-manuraj-chance-compose-next-film-cirkus-starring-ranveer-singh/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/rohit-shetty-offers-indias-got-talent-contestants-a-gig-to-make-music-for-upcoming-film-cirkus-article-90019799|title=Rohit Shetty offers India's Got Talent contestants a gig to make music for upcoming film Cirkus|date=5 March 2022|website=Times Now|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708211237/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/rohit-shetty-offers-indias-got-talent-contestants-a-gig-to-make-music-for-upcoming-film-cirkus-article-90019799|url-status=live}}</ref> The duo Lijo George-DJ Chetas composed a track for the film, marking after fourth collaboration with the director, after ''[[Golmaal Again]]'' (2017), ''[[Simmba]]'' (2018), and ''[[Sooryavanshi]]'' and second with [[Ranveer Singh]] after ''Simmba''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities/cirkus-song-current-laga-re-ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-one-more-time-teaser-video-bollywood-movie-2022-12-07-829354|title=Cirkus song Current Laga Re to bring together Ranveer Singh and Deepika Padukone one more time | VIDEO|first1=Devasheesh|last1=Pandey|date=7 December 2022|website=www.indiatvnews.com|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708183718/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities/cirkus-song-current-laga-re-ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-one-more-time-teaser-video-bollywood-movie-2022-12-07-829354|url-status=live}}</ref> Hiten and [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]] also composed a track.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/ranveer-singhs-cirkus-co-star-radhika-bangia-gets-her-oppa-to-try-this-kdrama-trend-watch-6665965.html|title=Ranveer Singh's Cirkus Co-star Radhika Bangia Gets Her 'Oppa' to Try This Kdrama Trend, Watch|date=21 December 2022|website=News18|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708183759/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/ranveer-singhs-cirkus-co-star-radhika-bangia-gets-her-oppa-to-try-this-kdrama-trend-watch-6665965.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Shetty further roped lyricist [[Kumaar]] to write the lyrics for the songs, with Badshah penning a song. The background score was composed by [[Amar Mohile]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/cirkus-movie-review-rohit-shetty-and-ranveer-singhs-current-laga-plans-short-circuits-6676555.html|title=Cirkus Movie Review: Rohit Shetty and Ranveer Singh's 'Current Laga' Plans Short Circuits|date=23 December 2022|website=News18|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708183718/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/cirkus-movie-review-rohit-shetty-and-ranveer-singhs-current-laga-plans-short-circuits-6676555.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The music rights were acquired by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/cirkus-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-ranveer-singh-rohit-shettys-film-online/93e369b1ef538|title=Cirkus OTT release date: When and where to watch Ranveer Singh, Rohit Shetty's film online|website=OTTPlay|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406084551/https://www.ottplay.com/news/cirkus-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-ranveer-singh-rohit-shettys-film-online/93e369b1ef538|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Composition ==

The first single "Current Laga Re" was composed by the duo Lijo George-DJ Chetas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/watch-ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-electrify-the-dance-floor-with-the-sensational-current-laga-re-song-from-cirkus-11772321.html|title=Watch: Ranveer Singh-Deepika Padukone electrify the dance floor with the sensational 'Current Laga Re' song from Cirkus|date=8 December 2022|website=Firstpost|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=14 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214195852/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/watch-ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-electrify-the-dance-floor-with-the-sensational-current-laga-re-song-from-cirkus-11772321.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The track was sung by [[Nakash Aziz]], [[Jonita Gandhi]], [[Dhvani Bhanushali]], and Lijo George himself.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/deepika-padukone-ranveer-singh-cirkus-song-current-laga-re-magic-mad-chemistry-watch-8312672/|title=Cirkus song 'Current Laga Re': Ranveer Singh-Deepika Padukone create magic with their mad chemistry. Watch|date=8 December 2022|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=13 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213140507/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/deepika-padukone-ranveer-singh-cirkus-song-current-laga-re-magic-mad-chemistry-watch-8312672/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Tamil rap was sung by Vivek Hariharan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/quick-reads/cirkus-ranveer-deepika-starrer-current-laga-re-song-is-livewire|title=Cirkus: Ranveer-Deepika starrer 'Current Laga Re' song is Livewire|first=Team|last=FC|date=8 December 2022|website=www.filmcompanion.in|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708213834/https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/quick-reads/cirkus-ranveer-deepika-starrer-current-laga-re-song-is-livewire|url-status=live}}</ref> The lyrics of the song was penned by [[Kumaar]] with Tamil rap by Hari.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/cirkus-song-current-laga-re-deepika-padukone-and-ranveer-singhs-electrifying-moves-3588520|title=Cirkus Song Current Laga Re: Deepika Padukone And Ranveer Singh's Electrifying Moves|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

The second single "Sun Zara" was composed by [[Devi Sri Prasad]] with lyrics written by Kumaar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/cirkus-song-sun-zara-ranveer-singh-jacqueline-fernandez-pooja-hegde-8328787/|title=Cirkus song Sun Zara: Ranveer Singh, Jacqueline Fernandez, Pooja Hegde look lovely in this sweet, simple melody|date=16 December 2022|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=29 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229054749/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/cirkus-song-sun-zara-ranveer-singh-jacqueline-fernandez-pooja-hegde-8328787/|url-status=live}}</ref> It was sung by [[Papon (singer)|Papon]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/cirkus-song-sun-zara-ranveer-singh-jacqueline-fernandez-pooja-hegde-bring-back-the-60-s-in-style-3612212|title=Cirkus Song Sun Zara: Ranveer Singh, Pooja Hegde And Jacqueline Fernandez Go Retro|website=NDTV.com|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=26 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126150640/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/cirkus-song-sun-zara-ranveer-singh-jacqueline-fernandez-pooja-hegde-bring-back-the-60-s-in-style-3612212|url-status=live}}</ref> Prasad used 60s tune to match the film setting.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/cirkus-song-sun-zara-out-ranveer-singh-jacqueline-fernandez-pooja-hedge-cirkus-movie-song-video-1569991|title=Cirkus Song 'Sun Zara' Featuring Ranveer, Jacqueline, Pooja Captures Vibe Of 60s Romantic Song|first=ABP News|last=Bureau|date=16 December 2022|website=news.abplive.com|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708213755/https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/cirkus-song-sun-zara-out-ranveer-singh-jacqueline-fernandez-pooja-hedge-cirkus-movie-song-video-1569991|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/language/punjabi/en/podcast-episode/papon-and-shreya-ghoshals-sun-zara-song-will-take-you-back-to-60s-romantic-songs/bdk2zanv6|title=Papon and Shreya Ghoshal's new song will take you back to 60s|website=SBS Language|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708211422/https://www.sbs.com.au/language/punjabi/en/podcast-episode/papon-and-shreya-ghoshals-sun-zara-song-will-take-you-back-to-60s-romantic-songs/bdk2zanv6|url-status=live}}</ref> Speaking about the romantic track, he said "the song has a different vibe to it and Ranveer has added his own touch."<ref name="DSP"/>

The third single "Aashiqui" had the music similar to Badshah's "Jugnu".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/cirkus-song-aashiqui-this-badshah-song-is-heavily-reminiscent-of-rappers-jugnu-watch-ranveer-singh-rohit-shetty-video-8336265/|title=Cirkus song Aashiqui: This Badshah track is heavily reminiscent of rapper's Jugnu, watch|date=21 December 2022|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=5 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105033017/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/cirkus-song-aashiqui-this-badshah-song-is-heavily-reminiscent-of-rappers-jugnu-watch-ranveer-singh-rohit-shetty-video-8336265/|url-status=live}}</ref> The song was composed and written by [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]] himself.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/cirkus-song-aashiqui-ranveer-singh-romances-with-pooja-hegde-and-jacqueline-fernandez-3626391|title=Cirkus Song Aashiqui: Love, Actually For Ranveer Singh, Pooja Hegde And Jacqueline Fernandez|website=NDTV.com|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=27 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127145808/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/cirkus-song-aashiqui-ranveer-singh-romances-with-pooja-hegde-and-jacqueline-fernandez-3626391|url-status=live}}</ref> The music for the song provided by Hiten and was sung by Badshah and Amrita Singh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lifestyleasia.com/ind/entertainment/aashiqui-song-from-cirkus-featuring-ranveer-singh-is-a-hit/|title=Ranveer Singh takes you to the 60s with Cirkus song 'Aashiqui'|date=21 December 2022}}</ref> The song also has 60s tune.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/cirkus-new-song-aashiqui-is-a-lovely-ode-to-the-era-of-the-60s-showcases-ranveer-singh-like-never-before-11846481.html|title=Cirkus' new song 'Aashiqui' is a lovely ode to the era of the 60s, showcases Ranveer Singh like never before|date=21 December 2022|website=Firstpost|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=24 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224005234/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/cirkus-new-song-aashiqui-is-a-lovely-ode-to-the-era-of-the-60s-showcases-ranveer-singh-like-never-before-11846481.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Marketing and release ==

The first single's teaser was unveiled on 7 December 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/ranveer-singhs-latest-films-cirkus-song-current-laga-re-teaser-out-watch-here/articleshow/96059607.cms|title=Ranveer Singh's latest film's 'Cirkus' song 'Current Laga Re' teaser out. Watch here|work=The Economic Times |date=7 December 2022|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708204001/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/ranveer-singhs-latest-films-cirkus-song-current-laga-re-teaser-out-watch-here/articleshow/96059607.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/cirkus-song-current-laga-re-teaser-out-deepika-padukone-ranveers-high-voltage-energy-will-get-you-grooving-2306322-2022-12-07|title=Cirkus song Current Laga Re teaser out. Deepika Padukone, Ranveer's high-voltage energy will get you grooving|date=7 December 2022|website=India Today|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708223637/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/cirkus-song-current-laga-re-teaser-out-deepika-padukone-ranveers-high-voltage-energy-will-get-you-grooving-2306322-2022-12-07|url-status=live}}</ref> The song titled "Current Laga Re" was released on 8 December.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/music/cirkus-song-current-laga-re-out-ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-bundle-of-energy-in-fun-track-dance-video-2022-12-08-829613|title=Cirkus Song Current Laga Re OUT: Ranveer Singh, Deepika Padukone are a bundle of energy in fun track|first1=Vaishali|last1=Jain|date=8 December 2022|website=www.indiatvnews.com|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708213657/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/music/cirkus-song-current-laga-re-out-ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-bundle-of-energy-in-fun-track-dance-video-2022-12-08-829613|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/cirkus-song-current-laga-deepika-padukone-ranveer-singh-unite-for-a-scorching-dance-number-101670482445195.html|title=Cirkus song Current Laga Re: Deepika, Ranveer unite for a scorching dance number|date=8 December 2022|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=1 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301024307/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/cirkus-song-current-laga-deepika-padukone-ranveer-singh-unite-for-a-scorching-dance-number-101670482445195.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The release coincided with a promotional event held in Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/video/ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-at-current-laga-re-song-launch-cirkus-rohit-shetty-1070675|title=Ranveer Singh & Deepika Padukone At Current Laga Re song launch | Cirkus | Rohit Shetty|via=www.mid-day.com|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708204110/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/video/ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-at-current-laga-re-song-launch-cirkus-rohit-shetty-1070675|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/photos/in-photos-ranveer-singh-and-deepika-padukone-light-up-current-laga-re-song-launch|title=Photos: Ranveer Singh & Deepika Padukone Light Up 'Current Laga Re' Song Launch|first=Quint|last=Entertainment|date=8 December 2022|website=TheQuint|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708204441/https://www.thequint.com/photos/in-photos-ranveer-singh-and-deepika-padukone-light-up-current-laga-re-song-launch|url-status=live}}</ref> Ranveer Singh, Rohit Shetty and [[Deepika Padukone]] was present at the event.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/cirkus-ranveer-singh-calls-deepika-padukone-queen-entertainment-life-current-laga-re-launch/|title=Cirkus: Ranveer Singh calls Deepika Padukone as 'queen of entertainment and my life' at 'Current Laga Re' launch : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=8 December 2022|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708211302/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/cirkus-ranveer-singh-calls-deepika-padukone-queen-entertainment-life-current-laga-re-launch/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The second single's teaser was unveiled on 15 December 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/cirkus-song-sun-zara-teaser-out-ranveer-singh-romances-jacqueline-and-pooja-101671089777312.html|title=Cirkus song Sun Zara teaser out: Ranveer Singh romances Jacqueline and Pooja|date=15 December 2022|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=27 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227135125/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/cirkus-song-sun-zara-teaser-out-ranveer-singh-romances-jacqueline-and-pooja-101671089777312.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 16 December 2022, the makers released the song "Sun Zara".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/feature/ranveer-singh-jacqueline-fernandezs-romantic-track-sun-zara-from-cirkus-out-now/1267944/|title=Ranveer Singh, Jacqueline Fernandez's romantic track 'Sun Zara' from 'Cirkus' out now|date=16 December 2022|website=ThePrint|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708204638/https://theprint.in/feature/ranveer-singh-jacqueline-fernandezs-romantic-track-sun-zara-from-cirkus-out-now/1267944/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-cirkus-song-sun-zara-ranveer-singh-pooja-hegde-jacqueline-fernandez-shine-in-dsp-soulful-melody-3011121|title=Cirkus song Sun Zara: Ranveer Singh, Pooja Hegde, Jacqueline Fernandez shine in DSP's soulful melody|website=DNA India|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708223228/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-cirkus-song-sun-zara-ranveer-singh-pooja-hegde-jacqueline-fernandez-shine-in-dsp-soulful-melody-3011121|url-status=live}}</ref> The third single's teaser was unveiled on 20 December.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/teaser-of-aashiqui-song-from-cirkus-featuring-ranveer-singh-pooja-hegde-and-more-out-now/96364393|title=Teaser of 'Aashiqui' song from 'Cirkus' featuring Ranveer Singh, Pooja Hegde and more out now!|website=mirchi.in|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708205230/https://mirchi.in/stories/music/teaser-of-aashiqui-song-from-cirkus-featuring-ranveer-singh-pooja-hegde-and-more-out-now/96364393|url-status=live}}</ref> The third single titled "Aashiqui" was released on 21 December 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/cirkus-song-aashiqui-ranveer-singh-jacqueline-fernandez-pooja-hegdes-track-is-the-retro-version-of-badshahs-jugnu/9a1a1b23e6964|title=Cirkus song Aashiqui: Ranveer Singh, Jacqueline Fernandez, Pooja Hegde's track is the retro version of Badshah's Jugnu|website=OTTPlay|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708205726/https://www.ottplay.com/news/cirkus-song-aashiqui-ranveer-singh-jacqueline-fernandez-pooja-hegdes-track-is-the-retro-version-of-badshahs-jugnu/9a1a1b23e6964|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatv.in/entertainment/bollywood/the-new-song-of-circus-created-a-buzz-as-soon-as-it-arrived-ranveer-singh-did-aashiqui-with-jacqueline-fernandez-and-pooja-hegde-2022-12-21-913987|title='सर्कस' के नए गाने ने आते ही मचाया धमाल, रणवीर सिंह ने जैकलिन और पूजा हेगड़े के संग की 'आशिकी'|first1=Ritu|last1=Tripathi|first2=India TV|last2=Hindi|date=21 December 2022|website=India TV Hindi|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708183734/https://www.indiatv.in/entertainment/bollywood/the-new-song-of-circus-created-a-buzz-as-soon-as-it-arrived-ranveer-singh-did-aashiqui-with-jacqueline-fernandez-and-pooja-hegde-2022-12-21-913987|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Music videos ==
The music videos were choreographed by [[Ganesh Acharya]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/cirkus/cast/|title=Cirkus Cast List | Cirkus Movie Star Cast | Release Date | Movie Trailer | Review- Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=23 December 2022|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=6 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706154642/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/cirkus/cast/|url-status=live}}</ref> The music video of the song "Current Laga Re", featuring [[Ranveer Singh]] and [[Deepika Padukone]] was choreographed by [[Ganesh Acharya]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/try-this/listen/deepika-and-ranveer-star-in-music-video-of-current-laga-re-from-cirkus/cid/1902716 |title=Deepika and Ranveer tear up the dance floor on 'Current Laga Re' |access-date=8 July 2024 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708204055/https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/try-this/listen/deepika-and-ranveer-star-in-music-video-of-current-laga-re-from-cirkus/cid/1902716 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/bollywood/current-laga-re-ft-deepika-padukone-and-ranveer-singh-out-now-deepveer-is-back-with-a-bang-bollywood-news-entertainment-news-article-96080859|title=Current Laga Re ft Deepika Padukone and Ranveer Singh out now: DeepVeer is back with a bang|website=Zoom TV|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708213620/https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/bollywood/current-laga-re-ft-deepika-padukone-and-ranveer-singh-out-now-deepveer-is-back-with-a-bang-bollywood-news-entertainment-news-article-96080859|url-status=live}}</ref> The dance number was shot in mid-February 2021 for five days in Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-deepika-padukone-joins-ranveer-singh-rohit-shettys-cirkus/|title=BREAKING: Deepika Padukone joins Ranveer Singh in Rohit Shetty's Cirkus : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=19 February 2021|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=7 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307193733/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-deepika-padukone-joins-ranveer-singh-rohit-shettys-cirkus/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/exclusive-deepika-padukone-to-have-a-special-song-in-ranveer-singhs-circus-47097.html|title=Exclusive: Deepika Padukone to have a special song in Ranveer Singh's Circus | Filmfare.com|website=www.filmfare.com|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708211327/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/exclusive-deepika-padukone-to-have-a-special-song-in-ranveer-singhs-circus-47097.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Shetty said "When we shot "Current Laga Re" for five days, nobody bothered to even look at Ranveer! Everyone present on the sets were inquisitively watching Deepika only."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/cirkus-song-launch-rohit-shetty-reveals-when-we-shot-current-laga-re-nobody-bothered-to-even-look-at-ranveer-as-everyone-was-watching-deepika|title=Cirkus song launch: Rohit Shetty reveals, 'When we shot Current Laga Re, nobody bothered to even look at Ranveer as everyone was watching Deepika'|website=Free Press Journal|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708211111/https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/cirkus-song-launch-rohit-shetty-reveals-when-we-shot-current-laga-re-nobody-bothered-to-even-look-at-ranveer-as-everyone-was-watching-deepika|url-status=live}}</ref> Padukone said "It felt like I was bringing alive the Meenamma in me again. They always say that every character that you play comes from a little bit of your own personality. I do feel like a lot of Meenamma or the character that you're seeing in this song, is inherently me. It's just maybe you all don't get to see it as often just because I'm shy".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/ranveer-singh-on-deepika-padukone-in-cirkus-song-current-laga-re-this-humorous-joie-de-vivre-side-of-her-is-my-favourite/9d07194523450|title=Ranveer Singh on Deepika Padukone in Cirkus song Current Laga Re: This humorous, joie de vivre side of her is my favourite|website=OTTPlay|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708213020/https://www.ottplay.com/news/ranveer-singh-on-deepika-padukone-in-cirkus-song-current-laga-re-this-humorous-joie-de-vivre-side-of-her-is-my-favourite/9d07194523450|url-status=live}}</ref> The music video of "Sun Zara" featuring [[Pooja Hegde]] and [[Jacqueline Fernandez]] with Singh was shot in early December 2021 at [[Ooty]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/rohit-shetty-on-cirkus-hero-ranveer-singh-he-is-a-fabulous-actor-who-can-do-a-lootere-can-also-play-simmba-and-bajirao/articleshow/87715881.cms|title=Rohit Shetty on 'Cirkus' hero Ranveer Singh: He is a fabulous actor who can do a 'Lootere' can also play Simmba and Bajirao|work=The Times of India |date=15 November 2021|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=11 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011180449/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/rohit-shetty-on-cirkus-hero-ranveer-singh-he-is-a-fabulous-actor-who-can-do-a-lootere-can-also-play-simmba-and-bajirao/articleshow/87715881.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/rohit-shetty-commence-last-schedule-shoot-ranveer-singh-starrer-cirkus-ooty-december-1/|title=Rohit Shetty to commence last schedule shoot of Ranveer Singh starrer Cirkus in Ooty from December 1 : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=22 November 2021|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708211513/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/rohit-shetty-commence-last-schedule-shoot-ranveer-singh-starrer-cirkus-ooty-december-1/|url-status=live}}</ref> About the song shooting of "Aashiqui", Hegde said "You had to have like hit the mark before the camera reaches because there are two Ranveers. And it’s all in one shot and it would be like– we would be waiting, just when the camera pans to us we have to do our step. And if one person messed up, we have to start all over again. It was exhausting for him [Ranveer Singh] especially because he was dancing with both of us [Pooja and Jacqueline]. So, he was almost like in every frame."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/exclusive-pooja-hegde-shares-exhausting-experience-shooting-song-cirkus-one-person-messed-shoot-start/|title=EXCLUSIVE: Pooja Hegde shares her 'exhausting' experience of shooting a song for Cirkus: "If one person messed up, we had to shoot start all over again" : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=22 December 2022|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708210156/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/exclusive-pooja-hegde-shares-exhausting-experience-shooting-song-cirkus-one-person-messed-shoot-start/|url-status=live}}</ref> Post the release of song, Jacqueline posted several pictures from the sets of song shoot.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/jacqueline-fernandez-looks-gorgeous-in-bts-photos-from-sets-of-cirkus-song-aashiqui-6670801.html|title=Jacqueline Fernandez Looks Gorgeous In BTS Photos From Sets Of Cirkus Song Aashiqui|date=22 December 2022|website=News18|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708212120/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/jacqueline-fernandez-looks-gorgeous-in-bts-photos-from-sets-of-cirkus-song-aashiqui-6670801.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Track listing ==

{{Track listing
| headline =
| total_length = 10:04
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Current Laga Re
| extra1 = [[Nakash Aziz]], [[Jonita Gandhi]], [[Dhvani Bhanushali]], Lijo George, Vivek Hariharan
| lyrics1 = [[Kumaar]]
| music1 = Lijo George-DJ Chetas
| length1 = 3:46
| title2 = Sun Zara
| extra2 = [[Papon (singer)|Papon]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| lyrics2 = [[Kumaar]]
| music2 = [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| length2 = 3:35
| title3 = Aashiqui
| extra3 = Badshah, Amrita Singh
| lyrics3 = [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]]
| music3 = Hiten, Badshah
| length3 = 2:43
}}

== Reception ==

[[Komal Nahta]] in his review wrote "The 'Bijli' song (Current Laga Re) is of the popular variety. The other songs are just about fair. Lyrics (Kumaar, Badshah and Hari) are in synch with the mood of the film. Song picturisations (by Ganesh Acharya) are eye-filling. Amar Mohile’s background music ought to have been far better."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://filminformation.com/featured/cirkus-review-23-december-2022/|title='CIRKUS' REVIEW | 23 December, 2022 – Film Information|first=Film|last=Information|date=23 December 2022|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=6 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006212300/https://filminformation.com/featured/cirkus-review-23-december-2022/|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic of ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' wrote "Amar Mohile's background score adds to the cinematic feel. Ganesh Acharya's choreography is catchy."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/cirkus/critic-review/cirkus-movie-review/cirkus-suffers-from-poor-writing-and-forced-humour-and-appeals-only-in-bits-and-pieces/|title=Cirkus Movie Review: CIRKUS suffers from poor writing and forced humour, and appeals only in bits and pieces|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=23 December 2022|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=22 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222231844/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/cirkus/critic-review/cirkus-movie-review/cirkus-suffers-from-poor-writing-and-forced-humour-and-appeals-only-in-bits-and-pieces/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Monika Rawal Kukreja of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' wrote "Deepika Padukone’s cameo in the song Current Laga Re might compensate for all the missing fun".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/cirkus-movie-review-unfunny-and-outdated-rohit-shetty-s-brand-of-comedy-touches-a-new-low-ranveer-singh-can-t-save-it-101671790840054.html|title=Cirkus movie review: Unfunny and outdated, Rohit Shetty's brand of comedy touches a new low; Ranveer Singh can't save it|date=23 December 2022|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=7 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007094621/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/cirkus-movie-review-unfunny-and-outdated-rohit-shetty-s-brand-of-comedy-touches-a-new-low-ranveer-singh-can-t-save-it-101671790840054.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Pratikshya Mishra of ''[[The Quint]]'' wrote "the music, credited to DSP, Lijo George- DJ Chetas and Badshah, with lyrics by Kumaar & Badshah, is catchy and little else. To its credit, the track ‘Current Laga Re’ featuring a magnificent cameo by Deepika Padukone has definite earworm potential."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/rohit-shetty-ranveer-singh-film-cirkus-full-movie-review-comedy-golmaal-deepika-padukone-song|title='Cirkus' Review: A Circus With Great Performers but No Attractions|first=Pratikshya|last=Mishra|date=23 December 2022|website=TheQuint|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=6 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006212814/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/rohit-shetty-ranveer-singh-film-cirkus-full-movie-review-comedy-golmaal-deepika-padukone-song|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Impact ==

The song "Current Laga Re" started trending in the charts after its release.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/people/deepika-padukone-rules-audience-s-hearts-with-current-laga-re-and-besharam-rang-2549109.html|title=Deepika Padukone rules audience's hearts with 'Current Laga Re' and 'Besharam Rang'!|website=Zee News|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708211603/https://zeenews.india.com/people/deepika-padukone-rules-audience-s-hearts-with-current-laga-re-and-besharam-rang-2549109.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/with-current-laga-re-and-besharam-rang-deepika-padukone-delivers-two-massive-chartbusters-of-2022-11814541.html|title=With 'Current Laga Re' and 'Besharam Rang', Deepika Padukone delivers two massive chartbusters of 2022|date=15 December 2022|website=Firstpost}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/not-so-colourful-pathaan-song-besharam-rang-fails-to-make-it-to-top-five-most-loved-tracks-despite-deepika-padukones-hotness/6ca64ca2f9379|title=Not so colourful! Pathaan song Besharam Rang FAILS to make it to top five most loved tracks despite Deepika Padukone's hotness|website=OTTPlay|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708204252/https://www.ottplay.com/news/not-so-colourful-pathaan-song-besharam-rang-fails-to-make-it-to-top-five-most-loved-tracks-despite-deepika-padukones-hotness/6ca64ca2f9379|url-status=live}}</ref> The song was ''[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]'''s five top-charting songs in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/entertainment-alia-bhatts-kesariya-to-ranveer-singhs-current-laga-re-songs-that-made-us-dance-away-2022-2927109/|title=Alia Bhatt's Kesariya to Ranveer Singh's Current Laga Re: Songs that made us dance away 2022|date=26 December 2022}}</ref> The second single "Sun Zara" too was trending in the charts post release.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/cirkus-song-sun-zara-singer-papon-opens-up-on-crooning-the-romantic-number-featuring-ranveer-singh-jacqueline-fernandez-it-takes-you-back-to-the-60s/ | title=Cirkus Song Sun Zara: Singer Papon Opens up on Crooning the Romantic Number Featuring Ranveer Singh & Jacqueline Fernandez: "It Takes You Back to the 60s" | date=17 December 2022 }}</ref>

== Controversy ==

After the release of the song "Current Laga Re", some listeners felt it was copy of "Blockbuster" song from ''[[Sarrainodu]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/bollywood/ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-song-current-laga-re-copy-of-allu-arjuns-blockbuster-new-edit-has-netizens-feeling-so-article-96341138|title=Ranveer Singh-Deepika Padukone song Current Laga Re copy of Allu Arjun's Blockbuster? New edit has netizens feeling so.|website=Zoom TV|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708213326/https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/bollywood/ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-song-current-laga-re-copy-of-allu-arjuns-blockbuster-new-edit-has-netizens-feeling-so-article-96341138|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Nakash Aziz]], the singer of the track, stated "maybe people are making this judgement based on the rhythm, music, as the song also has Tamil lyrics. But it is not something due to which we need to take offence."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music/current-laga-re-singer-nakash-aziz-doesn-t-mind-south-influence-on-bollywood-music-101673617820199.html|title=Current Laga Re singer Nakash Aziz doesn't mind south influence on Bollywood music|date=13 January 2023|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=8 July 2024|archive-date=19 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419152942/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music/current-laga-re-singer-nakash-aziz-doesn-t-mind-south-influence-on-bollywood-music-101673617820199.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Devi Sri Prasad}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2023 soundtrack albums]]
[[Category:2020s film soundtrack albums]]
[[Category:Devi Sri Prasad soundtracks]]
[[Category:Badshah (rapper) songs]]
[[Category:Hindi film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Comedy film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Romance film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Drama film soundtracks]]

Kutubi Muhammed Musliyar

2026-01-10T23:19:02Z

Donnell05T: Adding First Info Initial Version

{{short description|Indian scholar (1299-1385)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{refimprove|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kutubi Muhammed Musliyar
| image =
| alt = Kutubi Muhammed Musliyar
| caption =
| birth_date = 1881 CE (1299 [[Anno Hegirae|AH]])
| death_date = [[Shawwal]] {{dya|1965|1881}} CE (1385 AH)
| birth_place = [[Kerala, India]]
| other_names = Kutubi Muhammed Musliyar
| known_for =
| occupation =
| website =
}}
'''Kutubi Muhammed Musliyar''' ([[Arabic]]:كتبي محمّد مسليار) was a scholar from [[Kerala]] and advisor of [[Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama (1926–1989)|Samastha Kerala Jamiyyathul Ulama]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://samastha.info/samstha/articles.html |title=ലേഖനങ്ങള്‍ - Samastha |accessdate=2013-09-02 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805153522/http://samastha.info/samstha/articles.html |archivedate=2013-08-05 }}</ref>

==Early life==
He was born to Cheruchal Ahmed in 1881 CE (1299 [[Anno Hegirae|AH]]), at Cheppiyalam village. After primary education there, he was admitted to Talakkaduthur Juma Masjid Darse (Masjid based college) and studied under [[Chalilakath Kunahmed Haji]] at Tirurangadi Tarammal Masjid Darse.{{cn|date=October 2023}}

==Personal life==
He married Mariam, daughter of Ahmed Musliyar Chokli Katilpidikayil, and they had three sons and five daughters. Later he married Tattumma, daughter of Parappanangadi Kunnala and had a son, Abdul Rahman Musliyar.

== Death ==
He died in [[Shawwal]] 1965 CE (1385 AH), at his residence at Chokli.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Shafi'i scholars}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:1881 births]]
[[Category:1965 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Kasaragod district]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian scholars]]
[[Category:Scholars from Kerala]]
[[Category:Kerala Sunni-Shafi'i scholars]]

Priya Krishna (journalist)

2025-12-28T10:41:09Z

Donnell05T: made bio - done

{{short description|American chef and food writer}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Priya Krishna
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| education = [[Dartmouth College]]
| occupation = Journalist, YouTube personality
| known_for = ''[[Indian-ish]]'' (2019)
| website = {{URL|priyakrishna.me}}
}}
'''Priya Krishna''' is an American [[food journalist]] and [[YouTuber|YouTube personality]]. She is a food reporter for ''[[The New York Times]]'' and has previously contributed to ''[[The New Yorker]], [[Eater (website)|Eater]],'' and ''TASTE'' (as a columnist)''.''<ref>{{cite web |title=Priya Krishna website |url=https://www.priyakrishna.me/ |accessdate=17 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Krishna|first=Priya|date=2018-12-11|title=Texas's Favorite Grocery Store Is a Way of Life|url=https://www.eater.com/2018/12/11/18133776/heb-texas-origin-cult-following|access-date=2021-11-14|website=Eater|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-04-11|title=Brooks Headley Is Moving on to Focaccia|url=https://tastecooking.com/brooks-headley-moving-focaccia/|access-date=2021-11-14|website=TASTE|language=en-US}}</ref> She is also the author of multiple cookbooks, including ''Indian-ish,'' a cookbook she wrote with her mother.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last1=Sastry|first1=Anjuli|last2=Zamora|first2=Michael|last3=Furlan|first3=Julia|last4=Mohtasham|first4=Diba|date=2021-06-22|title=VIDEO: Priya Krishna And Her Mom Explore 'Indian-ish' Food|language=en|work=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/06/22/1006770420/priya-krishna-indian-ish-food|access-date=2021-11-14}}</ref>

Krishna previously worked for ''[[Bon Appétit]]'' and appeared on their popular YouTube channel from 2018 to 2020. Before that, she also worked in the marketing department of ''[[Momofuku (restaurants)#Lucky Peach|Lucky Peach]],'' a food magazine established by [[David Chang]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rodbard|first=Matt|date=2021-11-11|title=TASTE Podcast 74: Priya Krishna|url=https://tastecooking.com/taste-podcast-74-priya-krishna/|access-date=2021-11-14|website=TASTE|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2021, she co-authored a cookbook together with Chang titled ''Cooking at Home: Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying About Recipes (And Love My Microwave)''.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Chang|first1=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ekkjEAAAQBAJ|title=Cooking at Home: Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying About Recipes (And Love My Microwave): A Cookbook|last2=Krishna|first2=Priya|date=2021-10-26|publisher=Clarkson Potter/Ten Speed|isbn=978-1-5247-5925-4|language=en}}</ref>

Currently, Krishna is a food staff reporter with ''The New York Times'' and appears on its YouTube channel for cooking content.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Priya Krishna - The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/by/priya-krishna |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=www.nytimes.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=NYT Cooking - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/nytcooking |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=www.youtube.com}}</ref>

==Early life and education ==

Krishna was raised in [[Dallas]], [[Texas]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mack |first1=Regina |title=Texas Monthly Recommends: Learning How to Cook Mouth-Watering Desserts From Dallas-Raised Chef Priya Krishna |url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/the-culture/texas-monthly-recommends-priya-krishna-cookbook-instagram/ |website=Texas Monthly |accessdate=1 May 2019}}</ref> Her parents emigrated from India to the United States in the 1980s.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Krishna |first1=Priya |title=WHY I'M WRITING A COOKBOOK ABOUT MY MOM, AN INDIAN FOOD GENIUS |url=https://www.saveur.com/indian-ish-family-cookbook |website=Saveur |date=December 2017 |accessdate=1 May 2019}}</ref>

Krishna attended [[Dartmouth College]] where she was a double major in government and French and graduated in the class of 2013.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Maffei |first1=Kristin |title=Three Questions for Priya Krishna 2013 |url=https://alumni.dartmouth.edu/content/three-questions-priya-krishna |website=Dartmouth Alumni |accessdate=1 May 2019}}</ref> She started a career in food while attending Dartmouth, where she also worked as a marketing consultant for Dartmouth Dining Services and wrote a column for ''[[The Dartmouth]]'' called "The DDS Detective." This eventually inspired her first cookbook, published only one year after graduating in June 2014, titled ''Ultimate Dining Hall Hacks''.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Beak|first=Arielle|title=Q&A with Priya Krishna '13|url=https://www.thedartmouth.com/article/2020/08/beak-q-a-with-priya-krishna-13|access-date=2021-11-14|website=[[The Dartmouth]]}}</ref> She has said that writing this column was what made her realize that her enthusiasm for food might also be a career path she would enjoy, <blockquote>"I loved the idea of being able to describe food, and kind of live and breathe it through my words. I also started, in my classes, doing a lot of academic deep dives in food — I took a bunch of classes that allowed me to write about food. I realized I was interested not only in describing food but exploring the cultural and historical underpinnings of food."<ref name=":2" /></blockquote>

== Career ==
Krishna is a food journalist who has written for many major publications. She was hired at ''Lucky Peach'' directly out of college<ref>{{Cite web|last=McCarron|first=Meghan|date=2020-08-21|title=The Boundary Pusher|url=https://www.eater.com/2020/8/21/21376709/peter-meehan-allegations-la-times-lucky-peach|access-date=2021-11-15|website=Eater|language=en}}</ref> and worked there for three years before leaving to write freelance.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Resources|url=https://www.priyakrishna.me/resources|access-date=2021-11-15|website=Priya Krishna|language=en-US}}</ref> Two of her essays on food written for ''[[The New York Times]]'' have been included in both the 2019 and 2021 editions of [[The Best American Series|''The Best American Food Writing'']].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Priya Krishna - The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/by/priya-krishna|access-date=2021-11-14|website=www.nytimes.com|language=en}}</ref> First for her essay ''The Life of a Restaurant Inspector: Rising Grades, Fainting Owners,''<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Nosrat|first1=Samin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=19auDwAAQBAJ&pg=PR7|title=The Best American Food Writing 2019|last2=Killingsworth|first2=Silvia|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|year=2019|isbn=978-1-328-66225-5|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Krishna|first=Priya|date=2018-06-05|title=The Life of a Restaurant Inspector: Rising Grades, Fainting Owners|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/05/dining/restaurant-health-inspector.html|access-date=2021-11-14|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> then for ''How to Feed Crowds in a Protest or Pandemic? The Sikhs Know.''<ref>{{Cite news|last=Krishna|first=Priya|date=2020-06-08|title=How to Feed Crowds in a Protest or Pandemic? The Sikhs Know|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/08/dining/free-food-sikh-gundwara-langar.html|access-date=2021-11-14|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

=== ''Bon Appétit'' ===
Krishna appeared on the ''Bon Appétit'' YouTube channel starting in late 2018. On August 6, 2020, Krishna announced that she would no longer appear on the channel, along with several other cast members, citing racial pay inequity as the reason for leaving.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Novak|first=Kim|date=2020-08-06|title=Priya Krishna announces she's leaving Bon Appetit over 'contract and pay issues'|url=https://metro.co.uk/2020/08/06/priya-krishna-announces-shes-leaving-bon-appetit-contract-pay-issues-13095191/|access-date=2020-08-10|website=Metro|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Kerry Flynn|title=Three journalists of color resign from Bon Appétit's Test Kitchen videos|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/06/media/bon-apptit-journalists-resign/index.html|access-date=2020-08-10|website=CNN|date=6 August 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Zhang|first=Jenny G.|date=2020-08-06|title=Multiple Bon Appétit Stars Resign From Appearing in Test Kitchen Videos [Updated]|url=https://www.eater.com/2020/8/6/21357341/priya-krishna-rick-martinez-sohla-el-waylly-resign-bon-appetit-test-kitchen-videos|access-date=2020-08-10|website=Eater|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Krishna|first1=Priya|last2=Stabiner|first2=Karen|date=2021-06-09|title=No choice but to quit: Priya Krishna chose unemployment over a workplace that didn't work|url=https://thecounter.org/rewrites-priya-krishna-bon-appetit-new-york-times-food-media-covid-19/|access-date=2021-11-14|website=The Counter|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== ''Indian-ish'' ===
''Indian-ish'' is a cookbook, helping readers understand basics of South Asian cooking, from how to match spices to oils and [[ghee]] to homemade yogurt and [[chhonk]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sathian|first=Sanjena|date=July 11, 2019|title=A Mother-Daughter Duo Teaches Indian Cooking for Amateurs|url=https://www.foodandwine.com/cooking-techniques/priya-krishna-indianish-cookbook-interview|access-date=2021-11-14|website=[[Food & Wine]]|language=en}}</ref> Krishna co-authored the book along with her mom, Ritu, and it also includes many American twists on classic Indian foods, such as roti pizza and dal burritos. These are some of the dishes that Ritu developed after immigrating to Texas for children who were growing up both Indian and American.<ref name=":1" />

=== ''The New York Times'' ===
Beginning in April 2021, Krishna began writing for ''The New York Times'' as a food staff reporter.<ref name=":3" /> Since July 2024, Krishna has been serving as an interim restaurant critic for ''The New York Times'' with [[Melissa Clark]] following the retirement of [[Pete Wells]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-16 |title=Pete Wells Is Moving On to the Next Course |url=https://www.nytco.com/press/pete-wells-is-moving-on-to-the-next-course/ |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=The New York Times Company |language=en-US}}</ref> She also makes regular appearances on their YouTube channel for cooking content.<ref name=":4" />

==Works==
*''Cooking at Home: Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying About Recipes (And Love My Microwave)'' (2021)
*''Indian-Ish: Recipes and Antics from a Modern American Family'' (2019)
*''Ultimate Dining Hall Hacks: Create Extraordinary Dishes from the Ordinary Ingredients in Your College Meal Plan'' (2014)

==See also==
* [[Indians in the New York City metropolitan area]]
* [[New Yorkers in journalism]]

==References==

{{reflist}}

{{Bon Appetit Personalities}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krishna, Priya}}
[[Category:American writers of Indian descent]]
[[Category:American cookbook writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Dallas]]
[[Category:Dartmouth College alumni]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bon Appétit people]]
[[Category:Indian cookbook writers]]
[[Category:The New York Times people]]
[[Category:American people of Indian Tamil descent]]

MI5(g)

2025-12-21T22:27:25Z

Donnell05T: expanded content

{{Short description|Branch of British MI5 formed during World War I}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2016}}
The '''MI5(g)''', or the '''MI5 G section''', was a branch of [[MI5]] that was formed during World War I to address the wartime espionage operation by the [[Hindu–German Conspiracy|Indian revolutionary movement in Europe]].<ref name=Popplewell219>{{Harvnb|Popplewell|1995|p=219}}</ref> The department arose by renaming the '''MO5(g)''' MI5(g) in 1916. The MI5 itself, working under [[Vernon Kell]], had a number of India experts at the beginning of the war. In September 1916, a special section, the MI5(d), was formed to operate counter-espionage networks throughout the [[British Empire]]. Another subsection, the MI5(b), was formed in January 1917 to deal specifically with Indians and "other oriental races".

The MI5(g) had 27 officers in its staff, eight of whom had served in India before the war. Among them were ex-Indian civil servants including [[Robert Nathan (intelligence officer)|Robert Nathan]] and H. L. Stephenson. The main emphasis of this counter-espionage network was to prevent the subversion of Indian troops in the European theatre. The organisation, especially under Nathan, worked closely with the Special Branch of the [[Scotland Yard]] in Britain and with the [[Indian Political Intelligence Office]] headed by [[John Wallinger]], which operated a network of spies in neutral Switzerland which a number of the Indian revolutionaries and members of the [[Berlin Committee]] used as a base.<ref name=Popplewell220>{{Harvnb|Popplewell|1995|p=220}}</ref>

MI5(g)'s work at the time identified the plans by [[Ghadar Party]] and the Berlin Committee to assassinate [[Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|Lord Kitchener]] in 1915 through an associate of [[Har Dayal]], [[Gobind Behari Lal]].<Ref name=Popplewell224>{{Harvnb|Popplewell|1995|p=224}}</ref> It was also responsible at this time, along with [[Basil Thomson]], for the capture of Harish Chandra (who was associated with the Berlin Committee) and turning him into a double agent.<ref name=Popplewell227>{{Harvnb|Popplewell|1995|p=227}}</ref> Through Harish Chandra was also identified plans for obtaining information of Ghadarite intrigues in Japan and China. Among other works, Nathan was responsible for the plans made by British intelligence in late 1915 to assassinate [[Virendranath Chattopadhyaya]] through an agent by the name of Donald Gullick.<ref name=Popplewell229>{{Harvnb|Popplewell|1995|p=229}}</ref>

==Notes and references==
===Notes===
{{reflist}}

===References===
* {{Citation |last=Popplewell |first=Richard James |year=1995 |title=Intelligence and Imperial Defence: British Intelligence and the Defence of the Indian Empire 1904-1924 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H44J2uDSE2cC&pg=PA219 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-7146-4580-X}}

{{Hindu-German Conspiracy}}
[[Category:1916 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Counterintelligence agencies]]
[[Category:Indian intelligence agencies]]
[[Category:World War I espionage]]
[[Category:Hindu–German Conspiracy]]
[[Category:India in World War I]]
[[Category:MI5]]

Food Museum, Thanjavur

2025-12-20T08:13:13Z

Donnell05T: stub - done

{{Orphan|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox museum
| name = Food Museum, Thanjavur
| image = Food museum.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| caption = External view of the food museum
| map_type =
| map_caption =
| latitude =
| longitude =
| established = {{start date and age|2021|df=yes}}
| dissolved =
| location = [[Thanjavur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
|type = [[Agriculture]], [[Food]]
| director =
| curator =
| owner = [[Food Corporation of India]], [[Government of India]]
| publictransit =
|collections =
|collection_size =
|visitors =
| website = [http://www.govtmuseumchennai.org/ Official site]
}}

'''The Food Museum, Thanjavur''' is the first [[food museum]] located in [[India]]. This museum is located in the [[Thanjavur district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], India. It is affiliated with the [[Food Corporation of India]] (FCI).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://thanjavurcorporation.org/food-museum/ | title=FOOD MUSEUM | accessdate=20 November 2025}}</ref>

==History==
The first Food Corporation of India (FCI) office in India was started in Thanjavur in 1965. Subsequently, these offices were expanded across the entire country. Following this, various institutions related to food development were established by the [[Government of India]]. Furthermore, it was decided to establish the first museum of the Food Corporation of India in Thanjavur. The foundation stone was laid by the then concerned Minister, [[Ram Vilas Paswan]], in May 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/foundation-laid-for-food-museum/article7240897.ece|title=Foundation laid for food museum|date=2015-05-24|website=The Hindu|language=en-IN|access-date=2021-11-16}}</ref>

Upon the completion of these works, the museum was inaugurated virtually by the Union Minister of Commerce and Industry, [[Piyush Goyal]], on November 15, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/trichy/indias-first-food-museum-inaugurated-in-thanjavur/articleshow/87725371.cms|title=India's first food museum inaugurated in Thanjavur|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2021-11-16}}</ref>

==Exhibits==
This museum is based on the theme of Food. It shares the history of how food was collected from the [[Mesolithic|Mesolithic period]], covering various storage methods and the challenges faced by early humans.

The museum's exhibits primarily include key information regarding the history, procurement, storage and protection, and distribution of the Food Corporation of India (FCI).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/indias-first-food-museum-opens-in-thanjavur/article37505041.ece | title=India's first Food Museum opens in Thanjavur | accessdate=20 November 2025}}</ref>

A 3D film and a virtual film about the Food Corporation of India, along with a quiz facility for children, are available to attract visitors.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://newstodaynet.com/index.php/2021/11/16/first-of-its-kind-museum-in-thanjavur-to-highlight-journey-of-indian-agriculture/ |title=First-of-its-kind museum in Thanjavur to highlight journey of Indian agriculture |author=N. T. Bureau |date=2021-11-16 |website=News Today |language=en-US |access-date=2021-11-16}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Thanjavur district]]
[[Category:Food and drink museums]]

B. C. Nanjundaiya

2025-10-18T00:27:00Z

Donnell05T: stub

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1913)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox Indian politician
| office = Mysore Representative Assembly
| term1 = 1948-1957
| office1 = Mysore Legislative Assembly
| term = 1937-1944
| term2 = 25 April 1957 to 2 April 1960
| office2 = Rajya Sabha
| birth_date = 17 January 1913
| spouse = Shrimati B. Ambabai
| parents = Shri Bhavikattay Channabasappa (father)
| children = 3 sons and 4 daughters
}}

'''B.C. Nanjundaiya''' (born 17 January 1913) is an Indian politician and former Member of the upper house of the [[Parliament of India|Indian Parliament]], the [[Rajya Sabha]], from the state of Mysore (now Karnataka).<ref>{{Cite book |last=India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OIyiIiNNm94C&q=B.C.+Nanjundaiya |title=The Gazette of India |date=July 1962 |publisher=Authority |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sabha |first=India Parliament Rajya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=npkaAQAAIAAJ&dq=B.C.+Nanjundaiya&pg=PA1 |title=Parliamentary Debates: Official Report |date=1960 |publisher=Council of States Secretariat |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=InA9AAAAMAAJ&q=B.C.+Nanjundaiya |title=Mysore State Handbook & Directory |date=1951 |publisher=Kesari Publishing House |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
B.C. Nanjundaiya was born on 17 January 1913. Shri Bhavikattay Channabasappa was his father.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |title=RAJYA SABHA MEMBERS BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 1952-2019 |url=https://cms.rajyasabha.nic.in/UploadedFiles/ElectronicPublications/Member_Biographical_Book.pdf |journal=}}</ref>

B.C. Nanjundaiya married Shrimati B. Ambabai and couple has 3 sons and 4 daughters.<ref name=":0" />

== Position held ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!#
!From
!To
!Position
|-
|1.
|1937
|1944
|Member of Mysore Representative Assembly.
|-
|2.
|1948
|1957
|Member of Mysore Legislative Assembly.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dept |first=Mysore (India : State) Information |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UE8dAQAAIAAJ&q=B.C.+Nanjundaiya |title=Mysore Information |date=1956 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|3.
|1957
|1960
|MP (1st term) in Rajya Sabha.
|-
|4.
|1960
|1966
|MP (2nd term) in Rajya Sabha.
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1913 births]]
[[Category:People from Mysore]]
[[Category:Mysore MLAs 1952–1957]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Possibly living people]]

{{Karnataka-politician-stub}}

AB LLB

2025-10-03T21:57:39Z

Donnell05T: new!

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{notability|Web|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| writer = Sami Khan
| story = Sami Khan
| director = Sami Khan
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Sameer Dharmadhikari]]
* [[Rakesh Bedi]]
* Sami Khan
* [[Shubhangi Latkar]]
}}
| music =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| producer = Cineflix Films Productions
| cinematography =
| company = CineFlix Films Productions
| network = [[MX Player]]
| released = {{Start date|2023|04|30|df=yes}}
}}

'''''AB LLB-Iski to degree hi ulti hai'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.movietalkies.com/webseries/ab-llb/|title=AB LLB - Movie Talkies|date=1 May 2023|website=www.movietalkies.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/sami-khans-latest-web-series-release-ab-llb-is-creating-a-buzz/81855708.html|title=Sami Khan's latest Web Series release AB LLB is creating a buzz|website=Ahmedabad Mirror}}</ref> is an Indian web series released on 30 April, 2023<ref>https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/1654058538623467521</ref> on [[MX Player]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mxplayer.in/show/watch-a-b-llb-iski-to-degree-he-ulti-hai-series-online-98d1f6501caeb7d6a6e68ceaf4ba9bbb|title=MX Player|website=www.mxplayer.in}}</ref>

==Production==
Produced by Cineflix Films production and directed by Sami Khan<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://firstindia.co.in/articles/sami-khans-latest-web-series-release-ab-llb-is-creating-a-buzz|title=Sami Khan's latest Web Series release AB LLB is creating a buzz|website=firstindia.co.in}}</ref> with the story, screenplay, and dialogue also written by Sami Khan. music by Ravi Raj Koltharkar, lyrics by Sami Khan, and a background score by Raviraj Koltharkar. The executive producers of the series are Milan Desai and Shaziya Khan, with cinematography by Chandrashekhar Nagarkar, editing by Shailesh Darekar, costumes by Milan Desai, and action by Prashant Naik. The series released on MX Player on 30 April 2023. The shooting for the web series was completed in Chiplun, [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinebuster.in/review-ab-llb-iski-to-degree-hi-ulti-hai-funny-yet-eye-opening-comic-crime-drama/|title=Review : AB LLB – Iski To Degree Hi Ulti Hai : Funny yet eye opening comic crime drama!|work=CineBuster Online |date=4 May 2023}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{unreferenced section|date= May 2023}}
* [[Sameer Dharmadhikari]] as Sudama
* [[Rakesh Bedi]] as Shri Durgesh Nir ( Me Too Judge )
* Sami Khan as Bablu ( Actor & advocate )
* [[Shubhangi Latkar]] as Judge Nadkarni
* Sanjay Khapare as Pushkar Rao
* Sandhya Manik as Zaara
* Rajesh Durge as Producer Jayanti Bhai
* Apoorva Sapkal as Avni]
* Rahul Kulkarni as David
* Amit Lekhwani as Jaiveer
* Amit Shirvastav as Adv Shinde
* Divya Sharma as Saalmi]
* Veena Shirke as Mrs Shinde
* Vaishali Jhadhav as Dhaarmi
* Sakshi Pande as Shivannya
* Manish Wankar as Abhay
* Kalpana Bandekar as Budhi Aurat
* Harshada Patil as Me to Victim actress
* Rehman Memon as Anuj
* Saloni Surve as Ragini
* Shashikant Khanvilkar as Abbu

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|27637006}}
* [https://www.movietalkies.com/webseries/ab-llb/ AB LLB - Movie Talkies]
* https://www.ottplay.com/show/web-series-ab-llb-2023/c311abc598835

[[Category:2023 web series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language web series]]
[[Category:Indian drama web series]]

Gongoni Danga

2025-10-01T20:09:29Z

Donnell05T: new - done

{{Short description|Canyon in Garbeta, West Bengal, India}}
{{Infobox valley
|name = Gongoni Danga
|length =
|width =
|elevation =
|location = [[Garbeta]], [[Paschim Medinipur district]], [[West Bengal]], India
|age =
|photo = Gangani, Grand Canyon of Bengal, Garbeta 09.jpg
|photo_caption = Gangani, the Canyon created by erosion of river Silabati
|photo_size =
|label =
|label_position =
|coordinates = {{coord|22.8587|N|87.3407|E|display=inline,title}}
|watercourses=[[Shilabati River]]
|map= India West Bengal # India
|map_caption=Location in West Bengal ## Location in India
}}
'''Gongoni Danga''' (also spelled '''Gangani Danga'''),often referred as '''Grand Canyon of Bengal'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://paschimmedinipur.gov.in/tourist-place/gangani-grand-canyon-of-bengal/|publisher=paschimmedinipur.gov.in|title=GANGANI (Grand Canyon of Bengal)|accessdate=12 June 2024|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612121508/https://paschimmedinipur.gov.in/tourist-place/gangani-grand-canyon-of-bengal/}}</ref>] is a natural [[canyon]] situated near the town of [[Garbeta]], in the [[Paschim Medinipur district]] of [[West Bengal]], India.

==Science==
{{OSM Location map
| width=350| height=480| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|22|37|30|N|87|18|0|E}}| float=right|caption='''Cities and towns in Medinpur Sadar subdivision of Paschim Medinipur district''' M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical/ religious centre, F: facilities Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1= {{coord|22|50|50|N|87|20|2|E}}| label-pos1=bottom|label1=Amlagora | numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Amlagora]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=13| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#C40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|22|44|0|N|87|20|4|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2=Durllabhganj | numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[Durllabhganj]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|22|43|58|N|87|20|51|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3=Dwarigeria | numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Dwarigeria]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|22|51|36|N|87|21|36|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4=Garbeta | numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Garbeta]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|22|43|0|N|87|21|16|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5=Naba Kola | numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[Naba Kola]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|22|33|47|N|87|24|33|E}} | label-pos6=top|label6=Anandapur | numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Anandapur, Paschim Medinipur]] (R)
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|27|52|N|87|8|52|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Chandra| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Chandra, Paschim Medinipur]] (R)
|mark-coord8={{coord|22|45|30|N|87|20|11|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8= Chandrakona Road| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Chandrakona Road]] (R)
|mark-coord9={{coord|22|42|30|N|87|10|16|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Goaltore| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Goaltore]] (R)
|mark-coord10={{coord|22|31|48|N|87|19|45|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Godapiasal| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Godapiasal]] (R)
|mark-coord11={{coord|22|33|16|N|87|27|40|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Keshpur| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Keshpur]] (R)
|mark-coord12={{coord|22|42|30|N|87|8|30|E}} | label-pos12=bottom|label12= Pingboni| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Pingboni]] (R)
|mark-coord13={{coord|22|33|55|N|87|9|17|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Salboni| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Salboni]] (R)
|mark-coord14={{coord|22|43|10|N|87|20|22|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14= Satbankura| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Satbankura]] (R)
|mark-coord15={{coord|22|25|50|N|87|19|8|E}}| label-pos15=right|label15= Midnapore| numbered15=M| mark-title15= [[Midnapore]] (M)| shape-color15= #800000
|mark-coord16={{coord|22|30|52|N|87|21|13|E}}| label-pos16=right|label16= Karnagarh| numbered16=H| mark-title16= [[Karnagarh]] (H) |shape-color16=#AA6666
|mark-coord17={{coord|22|24|52|N|87|25|9|E}}| label-pos17=right|label17= Pathra| numbered17=H| mark-title17= [[Pathra, Paschim Medinipur]] (H) |shape-color17=#AA6666
|mark-coord18={{coord|22|51|31|N|87|20|26|E}}| label-pos18=top|label18= Gongoni Danga| numbered18=H| mark-title18= Gongoni Danga (H) |shape-color18=black| label-size18=13|label-color18=black 
|mark-coord19={{coord|22|25|55|N|87|17|52|E}}| label-pos19=left|label19= Vidyasagar University| numbered19=F| mark-title19= [[Vidyasagar University]] (F)|shape-color19=#967117
|mark-coord20={{coord|22|34|55|N|87|18|29|E}}| label-pos20=left|label20= JSW Cement Plant| numbered20=F| mark-title20= [[Godapiasal]] (F) |shape-color20=#967117
|mark-coord21={{coord|22|52|0|N|87|11|0|E}}|label21= Shilabati|labela21= River| label-color21 = #77A1CB| label-angle21=60| label-pos21=top| label-size21=11| mark-size21=0| mark-title21=none
|mark-coord22={{coord|22|23|0|N|87|17|0|E}}|label22= Kangsabati River| label-color22 = #77A1CB| label-angle22=10| label-pos22=top| label-size22=11| mark-size22=0| mark-title22=none
|mark-coord23={{coord|22|48|20|N|87|15|20|E}}| label23= Hoomgarh |labela23= Forest | label-color23 = #C42222 | label-angle23=0| label-pos23=top| label-size23=10| mark-size23=0| mark-title23 =none
|mark-coord24={{coord|22|46|19|N|87|15|16|E}}| label24= Gohaldanga |labela24= Forest Range | label-color24 = #C42222 | label-angle24=0| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=0| mark-title24 =none
|mark-coord25={{coord|22|37|50|N|87|6|30|E}}| label25= Lalgarh-Jhitka |labela25= Forest Range | label-color25 = #C42222 | label-angle25=0| label-pos25=top| label-size25=10| mark-size25=0| mark-title25 =none
|mark-coord26={{coord|22|37|19|N|87|14|40|E}}| label26= Salboni |labela26= Forest Range | label-color26 = #C42222 | label-angle26=0| label-pos26=top| label-size26=10| mark-size26=0| mark-title26 =none
|mark-coord27={{coord|22|42|50|N|87|10|0|E}}| label27= Goaltore |labela27= Reserve Forest | label-color27 = #C42222 | label-angle27=0| label-pos27=top| label-size27=10| mark-size27=0| mark-title27 =none
|mark-coord28={{coord|22|39|14|N|87|21|55|E}}| label28= Arabari |labela28= Range Forest | label-color28 = #C42222 | label-angle28=0| label-pos28=top| label-size28=10| mark-size28=0| mark-title28 =none
|mark-coord29={{coord|22|32|30|N|87|16|42|E}}| label29= Godapiasal |labela29= Forest | label-color29 = #C42222 | label-angle29=0| label-pos29=top| label-size29=10| mark-size29=0| mark-title29 =none
|mark-coord30={{coord|22|30|14|N|87|14|54|E}}| label30= Bhadutola |labela30= Reserve Forest | label-color30 = #C42222 | label-angle30=0| label-pos30=top| label-size30=10| mark-size30=0| mark-title30 =none}}

===Location===
Gongoni Danga is located at {{coord|22.8587|N|87.3407|E|display=inline}}.

===Area overview===
Paschim Medinipur district (before separation of Jhargram) had a total forest area of 1,700 km2, accounting for 14.31% of the total forested area of the state. It is obvious from the map of the Midnapore Sadar subdivision, placed alongside, is that there are large stretches of forests in the subdivision. The soil is predominantly [[Laterite|lateritic]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report| title = District Human Development Report Paschim Medinipur, 2011| work= page 7, 27| publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 10 September 2020}}</ref> Around 30% of the population of the district resides in this subdivision. 13.95% of the population lives in urban areas and 86.05% lives in the rural areas.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook Paschim Medinipur, 2013| work= Table 2.2, 2.4 (a)| publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics |access-date = 10 September 2020}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

===Entry point===
As one enters the area, there is red rocky land that leads to a sharp drop to the [[Shilabati River|Shilabati]] valley or "canyon floor". One can view the splendour of the laterite cliffs floating above. “Wind and water have collaborated over millions of years to carve and chisel a craggy ravine-filled landscape of forbidding splendour.” Locals call it Gongoni Danga or Gongoni Khola. The more imaginative city folk have christened it as the [[Grand Canyon]] of West Bengal.<ref name="mukherjee">{{cite web | url = http://www.natgeotraveller.in/west-bengals-grand-canyon-the-wild-wild-village-of-chandrakona/| title = West Bengal’s Grand Canyon: The Wild, Wild Village of Chandrakona| first= Sugato |last=Mukherjee| publisher = National Geographic Traveller India, 16 March 2017|access-date = 2 September 2020}}</ref>

The local municipality has developed steps for visitors to go down through the gorge, several stories deep, the river has carved out over the years. As one descends the colours change to various hues of yellow. In the dry season, there is not much water in the river, but as the rains come, the river occupies many of the deeper parts of the canyon alleys. As one gets deep into the canyon, one gets a feeling of actual shapes and sizes of imaginary things. Some piece looks like a lion, another has look of a pagoda. There is a large cave with an interesting story.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/next-weekend-you-can-be-at-gangani/cid/1288151 | title = Next weekend you can be at Gangani…| first= Punyabrata |last= Saha| publisher = The Telegraph, 15 September 2013|access-date = 2 September 2020}}</ref>

==Mythology==
According to local folklore, the [[Pandava]]s, the central characters of the Indian epic [[Mahabharata]], arrived at this place during their period of exile. The five brothers came with their mother [[Kunti]]. The land was terrorized by a demon named [[Bakasura]]. The fearsome demon demanded a person from nearby villages volunteer every day for his daily requirement of meat. The Pandavas were staying with a Brahmin family, and it was the turn of the latter to meet the demon’s demand. At Kunti’s behest, [[Bhima]] agreed to go. A fierce battle, lasting for several days, started and in the end the legendary hero killed the demon. The village folk believe, “And that earth-rattling battle left the land all wrinkled and crumpled,” and that, according to some of them, was how Gangani Danga was formed.<ref name="mukherjee"/>

==Rebel stronghold==
According to [[Binoy Ghosh]], when the [[Chuar rebellion]] started towards the end of the 18th century, the kings of Bagri were involved with the rebels, along with others like the [[Raja Jagannath Singh]] of Ghatshila and [[Rani Shiromani]] of [[Karnagarh]]. They were almost independent feudatory rulers in these areas until the [[East India Company|British East India Company]] annexed the region in the 18th century. Those who served under the kings did so on a hereditary basis. When the East India Company attempted to force them to collect taxes on the EIC's behalf, they revolted. It was a mass-revolt of enormous proportions. Ganagani Danga was their stronghold. The commander of the Bagri kings, Achal Singh, was the chief. The well-known Bagdi sardar, [[Gobardhan Dikpati]], was his assistant. However, the rebellion was eventually suppressed by the [[Presidency armies|Company military]] by 1807. In the early years of the 20th century, an author from Chandrakona published a novel, ''Salphool'' about the events rebellion.<ref name=binoyghosh>Ghosh, Binoy, ''Paschim Banger Sanskriti'', {{in lang|bn}}, part II, 1976 edition, pages 69-70 , Prakash Bhaban, Kolkata.</ref>

==Tourism==
As a consequence of its scenery, the area has become a popular tourist destination.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://hosteltraveller.in/gangani-the-great-canyon-of-bengal/| title = Gangani – the Grand Canyon of Bengal| publisher = Hostel Traveller| access-date = 5 September 2020| archive-date = 1 December 2021| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211201161117/https://hosteltraveller.in/gangani-the-great-canyon-of-bengal/| url-status = dead}}</ref> The canyon-like formations also attract tourists.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://wbtourismgov.in/destination/attractions_activities/paschim_medinipur | title =Attractions of Paschim Medinipur | work= Gangani| publisher =Department of Tourism, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 5 September 2020}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024}}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed" caption="Gallery of [[Shilabati River|Shilabati]] at Gongoni Danga">
File:Sunset on the Shilabati banks on a December evening.jpg|Sunset at [[Shilabati River|Shilabati]] on a December evening
File:Gangani on New Year's Eve.jpg|Tourists on the banks of [[Shilabati River|Shilabati]] on New Year's Eve.
File:Ravines on the banks of Shilabati.jpg|Ravines on the banks of [[Shilabati River|Shilabati]]
File:Creases on the banks of Shilabati, Gangani.jpg|Creases on the banks of [[Shilabati River|Shilabati]], Gangani
File:Shilabati river flowing past the Gangani ravines.jpg
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Paschim Medinipur topics}}

[[Category:Geography of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Paschim Medinipur district]]
[[Category:Canyons and gorges of India]]

Kucheipadar tribal movement

2025-10-01T18:25:07Z

Donnell05T: Adding A Pg V1

Kucheipadar, a village in [[Kashipur, Rayagada|Kashipur]] subdivision, [[Rayagada district]], [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] (now [[Odisha]]) in India, became famous for its well-known tribal movement opposing the mining proposals made by the Utkal Alumina International Limited (UAIL) in the region which started in 1996. In the mid-1990s, large deposits of [[bauxite]] (from which aluminum is produced) were discovered in the area, simultaneously private companies were given leases of the land by the government without proper consultations. The local tribal residents became aware of the project when in 1996 the UAIL project team went there to conduct a survey. Utmost confusion about the nature of the project, its impact on regional livelihood and the future of residents led the tribals to organise a civil disobedience campaign. The movement later spread to the entire region of Kashipur.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kashipursolidarity.tripod.com/id17.html|title=Why does Kashipur burn?|website=kashipursolidarity.tripod.com|access-date=2016-12-19}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://business-humanrights.org/sites/default/files/media/bhr/files/Goodland-Utkal-Mar-2007.pdf|title="India : Orissa, Kashipur : UTKAL Bauxite and Aluminium Project:Human Rights and Environmental Impact"|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref>

== Origins ==
The Orissa state is rich in bauxite ores, forests and tribal population. The tribal communities in the region are mostly isolated and conservative about preserving their traditional livelihood. They have no legal ownership of their land as they are isolated from modernisation so for them no compensatory mechanism is available.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/01/07/stories/05071344.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128011736/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/01/07/stories/05071344.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-11-28|website=[[The Hindu]]|title=Undermining welfare|date=2001-01-07|access-date=2016-12-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ashanet.org/library/articles/sulekha.200206.html|title=Give Them A Voice by Jayashree Janardhan on Sulekha|website=www.ashanet.org|access-date=2016-12-19}}</ref> In 1992, the Orissa mining corporation was licensed to lease the [[bauxite mining]] sites to private corporate companies. UAIL was established through a joint venture in 1993.<ref name="auto"/> The government had signed a [[memorandum of understanding]] with various national and international companies in 1990s only for bauxite mining. The bauxite mines are mainly located in tribal regions. The UAIL project had acquired {{convert|2800|acre|ha|abbr=on}} of land in 1995.<ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pudr.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/kashipur.pdf|title=Haulting The Juggernaut|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> In February 1996, UAIL conducted a mass meeting near Kucheipadar to inform the tribals which was attended by 6,000 villagers from three [[Panchayati raj (India)|panchayat]]s. The villagers submitted a memorandum to the officials according to their quarries. When there was no response from the officials the local tribals organised themselves into an organisation named "Prakutika Sampada Suraksha Parishad"(PSSP) (English: Natural Resource Protection Committee).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.minesandcommunities.org/article.php?a=48|title=Indian tribals protest at the proposed Sterlite-Vedanta & UAIL projects in Orissa|website=www.minesandcommunities.org|access-date=2016-12-19}}</ref>

== The movement ==
In February, 1996, a huge rally was organised in Kucheipadar by the tribals. In June, the UAIL started land acquisition without further negotiation. The PSSP organised a protest in front of UAIL office with around 10,000 tribal people. When the UAIL didn't respond, they started obstructing any further activity of the company in the region. July 1997, UAIL started proposed constructions displacing the local residents. In November, the people of Kashipur submitted a referendum to Orissa Chief Minister. PSSP led a protest of 5,000 people demanding withdrawal of UAIL. It conducted a referendum over UAIL in October and November 1998 across 40 villages. About 96 percent of the people rejected the mining project.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.isec.ac.in/WP%20215%20-%20%20Patibandla%20Srikant.pdf|title=Tribal Movement in Orissa|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> Some armed tribals abducted three company employees and one government official to Kucheipadar village and forced them to join the protest. This resulted in UAIL to postpone the project till 2000. In 2000, several armed mass rallies were organised by the tribal against UAIL. Rallies were organised against Utkal Rural Development Society (URDS), [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], [[Bharatiya Janata Dal]] (BJD). On 15 December 2000, around 4,000 tribal activists blocked the All-Party committee meeting and the BJD officials from entering Maikanch village. The next day, police entered the village and killed three people. On 20 December 2000, 20,000 tribal people protested against the police firing.<ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sacw.net/Nation/sarangi21062005.html|title=India: Tragic Kashipur : Horrible Government|website=www.sacw.net|access-date=2016-12-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ambedkar.org/News/hl/PoliceFiring.htm|title=Police Firing in Kashipur (Orissa, India)|website=www.ambedkar.org|access-date=2016-12-19}}</ref>

== After 2000 ==
UAIL decided to reduce activities related to project work and started to work on rehabilitation and resettlement. In 2004, demonstrations were held against UAIL in Dama Karol village. In 2006, the tribals held a rally remembering the villagers killed on 15 December 2000, attended by [[Medha Patkar]]. In February 2007, tribals raised black flag against Orissa government for not fulfilling their demands of withdrawal of [[Medha Patkar|I]]<nowiki/>the project.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.isec.ac.in/WP%20215%20-%20%20Patibandla%20Srikant.pdf|title="Tribal Movement in Orissa"|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pucl.org/Topics/Police/2004/maikanch.htm|title=PUCL demands publication of judicial report on police firing in Maikanch, Orissa|last=PUCL|website=www.pucl.org|access-date=2016-12-19}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
1. Tribal protest songs from Kucheipadar had been featured in albums like the one made by Word Sound Power.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wordsoundpower.org/bloodearth.html|title=Word Sound Power - Blood Earth Project|website=wordsoundpower.org|access-date=2016-12-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.framtiden.no/english/other/folk-songs-against-the-utkal-project.html|title=Folk songs against the Utkal project - Framtiden.no|last=Redaksjonen|newspaper=Framtiden.no|access-date=2016-12-19}}</ref>

2. Award-winning videos created.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://experimenta.in/?p=2100|title=Adolfas Mekas Award 2013 {{!}} EXPERIMENTA INDIA|website=experimenta.in|access-date=2016-12-19}}</ref>

3. Filmmakers, actors and singers have raised voice against arrest of tribal activist.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sabrangindia.in/article/film-makers-writers-cultural-personalities-and-activists-demand-release-deba-ranjan-sarangi|title=Film Makers, Writers, Cultural Personalities and Activists Demand Release of Deba Ranjan Sarangi|date=2016-04-01|newspaper=SabrangIndia|access-date=2016-12-19}}</ref>

== Further reading ==
# [https://web.archive.org/web/20141128011736/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/01/07/stories/05071344.htm The Hindu : Undermining welfare]
# [http://sabrang.com/otconcern/orissa.pdf ]
# [http://www.isec.ac.in/WP%20215%20-%20%20Patibandla%20Srikant.pdf ]
# [https://www.sabrangindia.in/article/arrest-activist-debaranjan-sarangi-condemned Arrest of Activist Debaranjan Sarangi Condemned]
# [http://www.minesandcommunities.org/article.php?a=66 "Shocking revelations" and an "horrific breakdown of governance" in Orissa]
# [http://www.framtiden.no/english/other/armed-police-clears-the-way-for-utkal-police-violence-and-mass-detentions.html Armed police clears the way for Utkal: Police violence and mass detentions - Framtiden i våre hender]

== See also ==
* [[Kashipur, Rayagada]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Land rights movements]]
[[Category:Protests in India]]
[[Category:1990s in India]]
[[Category:2000s in India]]
[[Category:Rayagada district]]

Uchchhishta

2025-09-02T04:07:25Z

Donnell05T: created post

{{short description|Hindu/Indian concept about contamination of food by saliva}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
[[File:Typical North India Food Prepared for Rongmei Naga.jpg|thumb|A partially-eaten plate of Indian food. The food on the plate is called Uchchhishta (noun). The plate is said to be Uchchhishta (adjective).]]
'''''Uchchhishta''''' ({{langx|sa|उच्छिष्ट}}, {{IAST3|Ucchiṣṭa}}, {{IPA|sa|ʊtːɕʰɪʂʈɐ|pron}}), known by various regional terms, is an Indian and a Hindu concept related to the contamination of food by saliva. Though the term has various meanings and has no exact parallel in English,<ref name=":6">Roy p. 107</ref> it is generally translated in English as "leftovers"<ref name="Olivelle354pp">Olivelle pp. 354-5</ref> or "leavings",<ref>Khare p. 79</ref> but with a denigratory aspect. ''Uchchhishta'' frequently denotes the food scraps remaining after a person has eaten. In a broader sense, it refers to the contamination of a food or hand that has come in contact with saliva or the inside of the mouth. A person or plate is said to be ''uchchhishta'' after coming into contact with ''uchchhishta'' food.<ref name="Olivelle354pp"/> ''Uchchhishta'' food, people and utensils are considered to be ritually impure. A person can become purified by washing their hand (Hindus traditionally eat with their fingers) and mouth.

It is highly disrespectful to offer ''uchchhishta'' food to someone, however exceptions exist for food from socially superior individuals, and others. While such offerings to Hindu divinities are forbidden in classical Hinduism, some heterodox [[Tantra|Tantric]] deities are worshipped with the offering.

==Concept==
[[File:Leftovers.JPG|thumb|Leftovers of an Indian curry on a plate. The leftovers are called ''uchchhishta'' (noun); the plate is described as ''uchchhishta'' (adjective)]]

The Monier-Williams Sanskrit dictionary defines ''uchchhishta'' as: "left, rejected, stale, spit out of the mouth (as remnants of food); one who has still the remains of food in the mouth or hands, one who has not washed his hands and mouth and therefore is considered impure, impure; leavings, fragments, remainder (especially of a sacrifice or of food)".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/2014/web/webtc/servepdf.php?page=173|title=MW Cologne Scan|website=www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de|access-date=8 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/2014/web/webtc/servepdf.php?page=174|title=MW Cologne Scan|website=www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de|access-date=8 September 2018}}</ref>

[[Medhātithi|Medhatithi]] (c. 850–1050 CE), one of the oldest and most famous commentators of the Hindu law book ''[[Manusmriti]]'' lists the meanings of ''uchchhishta'':<ref name="Olivelle354pp"/>
* Primary meaning: contamination by food or hand that has come in contact the inside of someone's mouth
* Pollution due to contact with "the eater, the eaten food" or the plate on which someone has eaten
* leftover food on someone's plate, after he has eaten
* leftover food in the serving vessel after everyone is served
* a person who has passed human waste, before purification

While ''uchchhishta'' is related to leftovers and contact with saliva, ''uchchhishta'' should be differentiated from other terms also translated in English as "impure": ''Amedhya'' ("unfit for sacrifice") refers to contamination by contact to human waste, corpses, decomposition etc. and ''malina'' ("stained") refers to pollution by physical dirt.<ref name="Davis220">Olivelle & Davis Jr, p. 220</ref>

Like other bodily substances like sweat, saliva is considered to be part of body and also not part of it, that is, of "uncertain status". Thus, contact with saliva, ''uchchhishta'', is regarded as impure.<ref name="Smith">Smith p. 154</ref> The ''Manusmriti'' however does not regard saliva defiling in general, but only in the food context. Drops of saliva, which transmit from one person to another while speaking, are not treated impure.<ref name="Davis225">Olivelle & Davis Jr, p. 225</ref>

The precept of not contaminating all the food or a drink with bacteria or viruses in one's saliva is of particular concern as the health of someone could be threatened through cross contamination.<ref name=":7">Gadia p. 6</ref>

A medieval [[Siddhar]] mocks the concept of ''uchchhishta''. He questions how are the flowers offered to Hindu deities or honey not defiled by saliva of bees and the cow's milk by the saliva of the calf.<ref>Dundes p. 109</ref>

== Regional names ==

*''eñjalu''/''ucchiṣṭa'' (ಎಂಜಲು/ಉಚ್ಛಿಷ್ಟ) – [[Kannada]]<ref name=":0">Khare p. 226</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Baraha Dictionary |url=https://baraha.com/kannada/main.php |access-date=2023-10-18 |website=baraha.com}}</ref>
*''engili'' (ఎంగిలి) – [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dsalsrv04.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/gwynn_query.py?qs=engili&searchhws=yes|title=A Telugu-English dictionary|last=Gwynn|first=J. P. L. (John Peter Lucius)|date=1991|access-date=8 September 2018}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
*''eccil'' (எக்சில்) – [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dsalsrv04.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/fabricius_query.py?qs=%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D&searchhws=yes|title=J. P. Fabricius's Tamil and English dictionary. 4th ed., rev.and enl|last=Fabricius|first=J. P.|date=1972|access-date=8 September 2018}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
*''juṭhā''/''jhuṭhā'' (जूठा) – [[Hindi]]<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://dsalsrv04.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/biswas-bengali_query.py?qs=%E0%A6%9D%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE&searchhws=yes|title=Samsad Bengali-English dictionary. 3rd ed.|last=Biswas|first=Sailendra|date=2000|access-date=8 September 2018}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>Fuller p. 77</ref>[[Bengali language|Bengali]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dsalsrv04.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/biswas-bengali_query.py?qs=%E0%A6%9D%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE&searchhws=yes|title=Samsad Bengali-English dictionary. 3rd ed.|last=Biswas|first=Sailendra|date=2000|access-date=8 September 2018}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
*''jũṭh'' (जूंठ) - [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]]
*''khoṭu''/''chũṭ'' (ખોટુ/ચૂંટ) - [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
*''ushṭa'' (उष्ट) – [[Marathi language|Marathi]]; the term is used in the extended meaning of "used or enjoyed by others", e.g., a speech is described as ''ushta'', if it is a plagiarism.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dsalsrv04.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/molesworth_query.py?qs=%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE&searchhws=yes|title=A dictionary, Marathi and English. 2d ed., rev. and enl|last=Molesworth|first=J. T. (James Thomas)|date=1857|access-date=8 September 2018}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

*''eccil''/''ucchishṭam'' (എച്ചിൽ/ഉച്ഛിഷ്ടം ) – [[Malayalam]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dsalsrv04.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/gundert_query.py?qs=%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%82&searchhws=yes|title=A Malayalam and English dictionary|last=Gundert|first=Hermann|date=1872|access-date=8 September 2018}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
*''sånkhuṛi''/''åĩṭhā'' (ସଙ୍ଖୁଡ଼ି/ଅଇଁଠା) – [[Odia language|Odia]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dsalsrv04.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/praharaj_query.py?qs=%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A0%E0%AC%BE&searchhws=yes|title=Purnnacandra Odia Bhashakosha.|last=Praharaj|first=G. C.|date=1931–1940|access-date=8 September 2018}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
*''ẽṭh'' (ঐংঠ/ऐंठ) - [[Maithili language|Maithili]]
*''eṭho'' (এঠো) – [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
*''maḍe'' (ಮಡೇ) – [[Tulu language|Tulu]]

==Rules==
Uchchhista is generally regarded as highly polluting and impure in Hinduism.<ref name="Olivelle354pp"/> Hindus view Uchchhista with revulsion.<ref name=":5">Dundes p. 111</ref> Eating Uchchhista is considered as humiliating;<ref name=":5" /> a Kannada proverb says that he is a dog who eats Uchchhista.<ref name=":0" /> Offering Uchchhista to a higher [[Caste system in India|caste]] member is considered as his insult.<ref name=":2">Dundes p. 110</ref>

People usually do not dip, serve or accept food with the fingers or cutlery that has touched someone's mouth. While cooking also, the cook does not taste food and use the same utensil to stir the food. Once food is tasted with a utensil, it is put away to wash. Food which has been dipped with fingers and cutlery used for eating is considered Uchchhista.<ref name=":7" /> While sharing or eating dry food or fruits, the food is portioned so that it does not become contaminated by someone's saliva.<ref name=":2" /> For the same reason, Hindus do not generally drink from each other's water glasses.<ref name=":3">Dundes p. 108</ref>

In the early 20th century, use of spoons or forks and metal plates were not used by orthodox Hindus as they had come in contact with one's mouth and thus could not be reused as they remained Uchchhista, even though cleaned. One-use leaf plates were preferred; Hindus traditionally eat with their fingers, without cutlery.<ref>Dundes pp. 110–1</ref>

''Uchchhishta'' is acceptable to be eaten by socially inferior individuals: one's servants, lower caste persons, beggars and animals.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1">Khare p. 234</ref> "[[Dalit|Untouchables]]" including [[Manual scavenging|Castes handling human waste]] historically used to live on leftovers.<ref name=":3" /> Eating someone's Uchchhista is seen as a sign of submission and acceptance of the person's superiority.<ref name="Davis439" />

In modern India, the rules of Uchchhista are relaxed in the cases of intimacy of a couple or a family.<ref name=":2" /> Eating the ''uchchhishta'' food of a young child by his parents is also acceptable, as the child is not regarded a fully-grown separate individual.<ref name="Smith" /> Parents usually feed young children from their own plate.<ref name=":6" />

In contrast of the general negative connotations associated with it, eating some types of Uchchhista like of a husband by a wife, of a guru by the student and of a sacrifice or divine offering by all, is highly regarded.<ref name="Olivelle354pp" /> [[Prasad (food offering)|Prasad]], food offered to a deity and having "eaten" by the deity, is sometimes considered the Uchchhista of the gods, as in some parts of North India; however other times as in parts of South India, the comparison of the sacred prasad to Uchchhista, is frowned upon.<ref name=":4" /><ref name="Davis439">Olivelle & Davis Jr, pp. 439–40</ref>

A husband is considered equivalent to God for a Hindu wife. As such, wife can eat his Uchchhista as a sign of her love and submission.<ref name=":1" /> The wife may eat in the same leaf as the husband's, after he finishes. The husband will leave some food in his plate for her to eat, as a symbol of his love.<ref name=":5" /> The custom is ritually performed first at the time of marriage.<ref name=":4" /> This act is said to signify her integration in her new family. It is also acceptable if the wife eats the Uchchhista of her in-laws or her husband's brothers.<ref name="Smith"/>

The ''[[Apastamba Dharmasutra]]'' (1st-millennium BCE), while describing the code of conduct for a student, refers to the concept of ''uchchhishta''. In ancient times, a student would stay with a teacher ([[guru]]) in the latter's house ([[Gurukula]]) and learn. In this period, a student should ask for alms for his livelihood, which he should not consider as ''uchchhishta''. A student is prescribed to not leave any food uneaten in his plate, that is, leave no ''uchchhishta''. However, if any ''uchchhishta'' remains, he should bury it, throw it in the water or give it away to a [[Shudra]] (a member from the lower social strata). The student is prescribed to eat the ''uchchhishta'' of his guru, which are regarded as sacred as a sacrificial oblation. Eating ''uchchhishta'' of one's father or brother is also acceptable.<ref name="Olivelle11pp">Olivelle pp. 11-2</ref> The ''[[Vasishtha|Vasishtha Dharmasutra]]'' regards the Uchchhista of the guru, equivalent to medicine that an ill student should have.<ref name="Olivelle311pp">Olivelle pp. 311</ref> In the Guru Stotram, it is said that the Guru is equivalent to the [[Trimurti]], hence, for the student, it is considered as taking [[prasadam]].

Exceptions to ''uchchhishta'' are given in the ''Vasishtha Dharmasutra''. Food remnants stuck in teeth or food currently in the mouth are not considered impure, as they are treated part of the mouth like teeth. Swallowing the same cleanses the individual. While pouring water for someone to drink, if drops of water fall on the person's feet; the drops are not Uchchhista, but considered part of the ground.<ref name="Davis225" />

The concept of ''uchchhishta'' focuses on purification by washing one's hands and mouth after eating.<ref name="Davis220" /> The cleansing is extended to the kitchen so that so no trace of ''uchchhishta'' or cooking of the meal before, is left.<ref name=":5" />

== Association with Hindu deities ==
[[File:Kalighat Matangi.jpg|thumb|The Hindu goddess Matangi is offered the taboo ''uchchhishta'' food by the devotee in the ritually impure ''uchchhishta'' state, with unwashed mouth and hands.]]
Offering ''uchchhishta'' food to Hindu deities or worship by an ''uchchhishta'' person is prohibited in mainstream Hinduism. However, the esoteric [[Tantra|Tantric]] goddess [[Matangi]] is recommended to be offered ''uchchhishta'' food, in the polluted ''uchchhishta'' state, with the remains of food in the mouth and hands; Matangi is associated with pollution and the outcaste and embodies the forbidden transgression of social norms.<ref>Kinsley pp. 214–6</ref> The goddess in a legend from the ''Shaktisamgama-tantram'' is also said to be born from ''uchchhishta''. The deity couples of [[Shiva]]-[[Parvati]] and [[Vishnu]]-[[Lakshmi]] dropped specks of food on the ground while eating. A divine maiden rose from the ''uchchhishta'' and asked for their ''uchchhishta''. The deities blessed her and gave her the name Uchchhishta-Matangini (Matangi).<ref>Kinsley p. 213</ref>

Another Tantric deity worshipped in the impure ''uchchhishta'' state is [[Uchchhishta Ganapati]] – a Tantric form of the elephant-headed god [[Ganesha]] – who also derives his name from ''uchchhishta''.<ref name="grewal">Grewal pp. 122–3</ref>

While Matangi is offered human ''uchchhishta'', the goddess [[Vimala Temple|Vimala]] is offered divine ''uchchhishta'' of the god [[Jagannath]], a form of Vishnu. Vimala is the Tantric consort of Jagannath and the guardian goddess of the [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagannath Temple]], [[Puri]] – the principal temple of the god. Vimala is said to be survive of the ''uchchhishta'' of Jagannath; vegetarian food offerings to Jagannath are offered to Vimala, after which they are sanctified as [[Mahaprasad (Jagannath Temple)|Mahaprasad]] (prasad). A legend justifies this tradition. Once, Shiva ate a food grain, the ''uchchhishta'' of Vishnu as the latter's prasad. Half the grain stuck in Shiva's bread; however the sage [[Narada]] noticed it and ate it. Parvati, was upset that her rightful share of Vishnu's prasad had been eaten by Narada. In a peeved mood, she went to Vishnu and complained. Vishnu pacified her saying that in the [[Kali Yuga]] (the present era as per Hindu beliefs), she would live at Puri as Vimala, and would daily eat the remnants of his food.<ref name="Bimala">{{cite journal|last=Tripathy|first=Shrinibas|date=September 2009|title=Goddess Bimala at Puri|url=http://Odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Odishareview/2009/September/engpdf/66-69.pdf|journal=Odisha Review|publisher=Government of Odisha e-Magazine|pages=66–69|access-date=23 November 2012}}</ref>

In later versions of the [[Hindu Epic|Hindu epic]] ''[[Ramayana]]'', [[Shabari]], a forest dweller woman, is instructed by her guru to wait for the arrival of the god [[Rama]] in her hermitage. She daily collects wild berries tasting them once for sourness, keeping only the sweet ones and discarding the bitter ones so that she could offer the god Rama only sweet berries, when he visits her. Unknowingly, the berries become ''uchchhishta''. Over time, she ages to an elderly woman. When Rama finally visits her hermitage, Shabari offers him the ''uchchhishta'' berries. [[Lakshmana]], Rama's brother, objects to the impurity of the ''uchchhishta'' berries, unworthy to be eaten. However, Rama accepts the ''uchchhishta'' berries, as they offered it with great love and devotion.<ref>Khare p. 108</ref><ref>Keshavadas pp. 121–5</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Etiquette of Indian dining]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book | last=Smith | first=D. | title=Hinduism and Modernity | publisher=Wiley India Pvt. Limited | year=2008 | isbn=978-81-265-1628-5 }}
* {{Cite book |title=The Dharmasutras: The Law Codes of Ancient India |last=Olivelle |first=Patrick |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1999 |isbn=0-19-283882-2}}
* {{cite book |editor1=Olivelle, Patrick|editor2=Davis Jr., Donald R.| title=Hindu Law: A New History of Dharmaśāstra | publisher=Oxford University Press | series=Oxford history of Hinduism | year=2017 | isbn=978-0-19-870260-3 }}
* {{cite book | last=Khare | first=R.S. | title=The Eternal Food: Gastronomic Ideas and Experiences of Hindus and Buddhists | publisher=State University of New York Press | series=SUNY series in Hinduism | year=1992 | isbn=978-0-7914-1057-8 }}
* {{cite book | last=Dundes | first=A. | title=Two Tales of Crow and Sparrow: A Freudian Folkloristic Essay on Caste and Untouchability | publisher=Rowman & Littlefield | year=1997 | isbn=978-0-8476-8457-1}}
*{{cite book|title=The Camphor Flame: Popular Hinduism and Society in India|last=Fuller|first=C.J.|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2004|isbn=978-0-691-12048-5|series=Asian studies / religion}}
*{{cite book|title=Tantric visions of the divine feminine: the ten mahāvidyās|last=Kinsley|first=David R.|publisher=University of California Press|year=1997|isbn=978-0-520-20499-7}}
*{{cite book|author=Royina Grewal|title=Book of Ganesha|year=2009|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-93-5118-091-3}}
*{{cite book|title=Ramayana at a Glance|last=Keshavadas|first=S.S.|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|year=1988|isbn=978-81-208-0545-3}}
*{{cite book|title=New Routes for Diaspora Studies|editor1=Banerjee, Sukanya|last=Roy|first=Parama|chapter=Empire, anglo India, and the Ailmentary Canal|editor2=McGuinness, Aims|editor3=McKay, Steven C.|date=2012|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-00601-1}}
*{{cite book|title=New Indian Home Cooking: More Than 100 Delicious Nutritional, and Easy Low-fat Recipes!|author=Gadia, Madhu|publisher=Penguin|year=2000|isbn=978-1-55788-343-8}}

[[Category:Indian cuisine]]
[[Category:Culture of India]]
[[Category:Taboo]]
[[Category:Dining etiquette]]
[[Category:Sanskrit words and phrases]]
[[Category:Religious food and drink]]
[[Category:Food and drink in Hinduism]]
[[Category:Food and drink culture]]

Khukhrain

2025-08-30T20:20:14Z

Donnell05T: Adding A Data W/ Sources

{{Short description|Khatri clan}}
{{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}
{{Infobox clan
| clan name = Khukhrain
| native_name = Khokhrain
| image badge =
| image_size =
| alt =
| chiefs crest =
| badge_caption =
| chiefs motto =
| chiefs slogan =
| war cry =
| country =
| region = [[Punjab]]
| district =
| ancestry =
| ethnicity = [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]]
| plant badge =
| animal =
| pipe music =
| chiefs name =
| image arms =
| chiefs title =
| chiefs gaelic title =
| seat =
| historic seat = [[Bhera]]
| septs =
| branches =
| Allied clans =
| Rival clans =
| kindreds =
| titles =

| last chiefs name =
| date of death of last chief =
| commander =
}}
The '''Khukhrain''' or '''Khokhrain'''<ref name="tribuneindia.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110108/saturday/above.htm |author=Khushwant Singh|title=The brave Khokhrains|website=The Tribune (India newspaper)|date=8 January 2011|access-date=6 September 2019}}</ref> is a sub-group composed of eight clans of the [[Khatri]] [[caste]] that originally hailed from the areas of the [[Salt Range]].

==History==
The Khukhrains spread over [[Khushab]], Dhune Kheb, [[Chakwal]], [[Pind Dadan Khan]], [[Peshawar]], [[Nowshera District|Nowshera]] and [[Lahore]].<ref name="panjab195">The Panjab Past and Present By Punjabi University Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies Published by Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University., 1981 Page 195</ref>{{Full citation needed|date=July 2019}} They were a powerful tribe during the attacks of [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] and resisted him during his third invasion after the defeat of [[Jayapala]] at the Battle of Bhera in 1004-5. Bhera was the Khukhrain capital. <ref>The Panjab Past and Present By Punjabi University Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies Published by Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University., 1981 Page 200)</ref>{{Full citation needed|date=July 2019}} King Jai Dev Anand defeated Mahmud of Ghazni, making him a prisoner of war. However the King let him go against the advice of his minister and the General Shri Pal Suri. [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] had his wounds treated and made arrangement's within one year the Kingdom was sacked by Ghazni. When Bhera was sacked by [[Mahmud of Ghazni]], the Khukhrain king, Biji Rai preferred to commit suicide using his dagger rather than submit to [[Mahmud Ghaznavi]].<ref name="panjab195" /> Jaipal's son, [[Anandapala]], received support of the Khukhrains against the Ghazni rule in 1008-9 at Wahind.<ref>The Panjab Past and Present By Punjabi University Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies Published by Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University., 1981 page 201}</ref>{{Full citation needed|date=July 2019}}

In 1206, the Khukhrains had assassinated Muhammad Ghori during a raid near [[Jhelum]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=17I2EAAAQBAJ&dq=Khukhrain&pg=PA1521 | title=Timelines of Nearly Everything | date=3 July 2021 | publisher=Manjunath.R }}</ref>

==Religious beliefs==
The Khukhrain clan was originally [[Hindu]]. Later clan members embraced [[Sikhism]] and [[Islam]]. Khukhrains of all these faiths collectively form one [[kinship]]. In Pakistan there continues to be a large number of Muslim Khukhrains living especially in the Pakistani Punjab. Some scholars such as Muhammad Ikrām Chutai believe that a number of Khukhrains were converted to [[Islam]] by the Sufi [[Baba Farid]].<ref>Babaji: Life and Teachings of Farid-ud Din Ganj-i Shakar By Muhammad Ikrām Chutai Page 433 Published by Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2006</ref>

== Clans ==

* [[Anand (surname)|Anand]] : Named after a common ancestor "Ananda" which translates to "joy" in [[Sanskrit]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Hanks|first1=Patrick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0AyDDQAAQBAJ&q=anand|title=The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland|last2=Coates|first2=Richard|last3=McClure|first3=Peter|date=2016-11-17|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-252747-9|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Bhasin (surname)|Bhasin]] : They were mostly concentrated in [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi district]] (1208 families) according to 1881 [[Census of India]] conducted by [[British Empire|British]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Puri|first=Baij Nath|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ytuAAAAMAAJ&q=puri+bhasins+rawalpindi|title=The Khatris, a Socio-cultural Study|date=1988|publisher=M.N. Publishers and Distributors|pages=24|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Chadha]] : According to a local account, the ancestors of Chadhas fought with [[Babur]] in a war. However, all of them died except for one man who hid behind an [[Calotropis gigantea|aak bush]]. This person continued the progeny of the Chadha clan. To pay tribute to the aak bush which saved the Chadha clan from extinction, the Chadhas visit [[Eminabad]] in [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]] district to perform prayers and worship the Aak tree as a former tradition<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last1=Siddiqi|first1=Iqtidar Husain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qbIYAQAAMAAJ&q=chadha+khatri|title=Medieval India: Essays in medieval Indian history and culture|last2=Iraqi|first2=Shahabuddin|date=2003|publisher=Manohar|isbn=978-81-7304-786-2|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Chandhok (surname)|Chandhoke]] (Chandhok) : They were concentrated in [[Peshawar]] and [[Kabul]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Puri|first=Baij Nath|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ytuAAAAMAAJ&q=chandok+peshawar|title=The Khatris, a Socio-cultural Study|date=1988|publisher=M.N. Publishers and Distributors|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ghai]] :They are mentioned in [[Bhai Gurdas|Bhai Gurdas's]] Vaar 11 ਵਡਾ ਭਗਤੁ ਹੈ ਭਾਈਅੜਾ ਗੋਇੰਦੁ ਘੇਈ ਗੁਰੂ ਦੁਆਰੇ। (Translation : Bhaiara and Govind are devotees belonging to Ghai sub-caste. They remain at the door of the Guru.)<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Pashaura|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ciwpDwAAQBAJ&dq=khatri+sub-castes&pg=PT79|title=Life and Work of Guru Arjan: History, Memory, and Biography in the Sikh Tradition|date=2006-07-10|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-908780-8|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Sabharwal]] : The sub-caste is also mentioned in [[Bhai Gurdas|Bhai Gurdas's]] Vaar 11 "ਸਨਮੁਖ ਭਾਈ ਤੀਰਥਾ ਸਭਰਵਾਲ ਸਭੇ ਸਿਰਦਾਰਾ।" (Translation : Bhai Tirtha was the leader among all the Sikhs of Sabharval sub- caste.) <ref name=":1" />
* [[Sahni]] (Sawhney) :The Sahnis were the inhabitants of [[Bhera]] town located on the eastern bank of [[Jhelum River]] prior to the [[partition of India]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Prasad|first1=Guntupalli V. R.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rQcLEAAAQBAJ&dq=sahni+bhera&pg=PR11|title=Biological Consequences of Plate Tectonics: New Perspectives on Post-Gondwana Break-up–A Tribute to Ashok Sahni|last2=Patnaik|first2=Rajeev|date=2020-11-23|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=978-3-030-49753-8|language=en}}</ref> Sahni families were also the governors of [[Wazirabad]] tehsil. According to [[Baij Nath Puri|B.N Puri]], Sahni is derived from "Senani" meaning "[[Army general|general of an army]]"<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Puri|first=Baij Nath|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ytuAAAAMAAJ&q=suri+hero|title=The Khatris, a Socio-cultural Study|date=1988|publisher=M.N. Publishers and Distributors|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Seth (surname)|Sethi]] : According to B.N Puri, Sethi is derived from "shrestha" meaning "the headman"<ref name=":2" />
* [[Suri (surname)|Suri]] : As per [[Baij Nath Puri|B.N Puri]], Suri translates to "hero"<ref name=":2" />

==Khokran and Khokhars==
''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'' notes that: "The Khukhrain sub-group of the "52"s claims descent from a son of Manu and several clan names are traced to military terms in support of the claim to [[Kshatriya]] descent.."<ref>Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge By Walter Yust Published by Encyclopædia Britannica, 1952 Page 980</ref>

==See also==
*[[Hinduism in Punjab]]
* [[Khatri]]
* [[List of Khatris]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ethnic groups, tribes and clans of the Punjab}}

[[Category:Khatri clans]]

Meja Assembly constituency

2025-08-08T05:22:01Z

Donnell05T: done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Meja
| map_image = 259-Meja.svg
| mla = [[Sandeep Singh Patel]]
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2022
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Prayagraj district|Prayagraj]]
| reservation = None
| electors = 319,312 (2019)
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 259
}}
'''Meja''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of Meja in the [[Prayagraj district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India.<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>

Meja is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Allahabad Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 259 amongst 403 constituencies.

Currently this seat belongs to [[Samajwadi Party]] candidate [[Sandeep Singh Patel|Sandeep Singh]] who won in last Assembly election of [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] defeating [[Bhartiya Janata Party]] candidate '''Neelam Karwariya''' by a margin of 3295 votes.<ref name="election2022">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2022 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=4 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="election2023">{{Cite web |title=मेजा से संदीप पटेल को जीतने पर लगा बधाइयों का तांता |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/gangapar/story-congratulations-on-winning-sandeep-patel-from-meja-6002125.html |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=Hindustan |language=hindi}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|[[Girish Chandra]]<ref name="election2012">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3262-uttar-pradesh-2012/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2012 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|[[Neelam Karwariya]]<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|[[Sandeep Singh Patel]]<ref name="election2022"/>
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Meja<ref name="election2022">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2022 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=4 March 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Sandeep Singh Patel]]
|votes = {{formatnum:78555}}
|percentage = 42.12
|change = +15.65
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Neelam Karvariya
|votes = {{formatnum:75116}}
|percentage = 40.28
|change = +2.86
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Savesh Chandra Tiwari
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:22933}}
|percentage = 12.3
|change = -12.33
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1768}}
|percentage = 0.95
|change = -0.43
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:3439}}
|percentage = 1.84
|change = -9.11
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:186497}}
|percentage = 57.22
|change = -1.08
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Meja<ref name="election2017"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Neelam Karwariya
|votes = {{formatnum:67807}}
|percentage = 37.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Ram Sewak Singh Patel
|votes = {{formatnum:47964}}
|percentage = 26.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Surendra Alias S.K.Mishra
|votes = {{formatnum:44622}}
|percentage = 24.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = NISHAD Party
|candidate = Sarvesh Chandra Alias Baba Tiwari
|votes = {{formatnum:11535}}
|percentage = 6.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2459}}
|percentage = 1.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:19843}}
|percentage = 10.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:181184}}
|percentage = 58.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{coord|25.14|82.11|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Prayagraj district]]

Lalgola (community development block)

2025-07-28T11:38:45Z

Donnell05T: stub

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Lalgola
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline = File:Lalgola in Murshidabad.svg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.42|N|88.25|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Murshidabad district|Murshidabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 134
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 26
| population_total = 335,831
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| demographics_type2 = Literacy
| demographics2_title2 = [[Literacy]] (2011)
| demographics2_info2 = 64.32%
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 742148 (Lalgola) 742185 (Krishnapur) 742151 (Sadar Nashipur)
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code
| area_code = 03482
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-57, [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-58
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Jangipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jangipur]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Lalgola (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Lalgola]], [[Raghunathganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Raghunathganj]]
| website = {{URL|murshidabad.gov.in/}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Lalgola''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in the [[Lalbag subdivision]] of [[Murshidabad district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Geography==
Lalgola is located at {{coord|24.42|N|88.25|E|format=dms|}}

Lalgola CD block is bounded by [[Chapai Nawabganj Sadar Upazila]] in [[Chapai Nawabganj District]] and [[Godagari Upazila]] in [[Rajshahi District]] of Bangladesh, across the [[Padma River|Padma]], in the north, [[Bhagawangola II]] CD block in the east, [[Bhagawangola I]] CD block in the south and [[Raghunathganj I]] and [[Raghunathganj II]] CD blocks in the west.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/tehsil/murshidabad.html |title = Tehsil Map of Murshidabad |work = CD Block/ Tehsil | publisher= Maps of India | access-date = 6 August 2017}}</ref>

Lalgola CD block lies in the Jalangi-Bhagirathi [[Interfluve]] physiographic region in Murshidabad district. The [[Hooghly River|Bhagirathi River]] splits the district into two natural physiographic regions – Rarh on the west and Bagri on the east. The [[Padma River]] separates Murshidabad district from [[Malda district]] and [[Chapai Nawabganj District|Chapai Nawabganj]] and [[Rajshahi District|Rajshahi]] districts of Bangladesh in the north. It is a low-lying area having [[Alluvium|alluvial]] soil pattern.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Murshidabad, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Physiography, Page 13 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 24 July 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://murshidabad.gov.in/About.aspx#2 | title= Murshidabad | work= Geography | publisher= Murshidabad district authorities| access-date = 24 July 2017}}</ref>

The Bagri or the eastern part of the district is a low lying [[Alluvium|alluvial]] plain with the shape of an [[isosceles triangle]]. The Ganges/Padma and the Bhagirathi form the two equal sides; the [[Jalangi River|Jalangi]] forms the entire base; other offshoots of the Ganga meander within the area. It is liable to flooding by the spill of the Bhagirathi and other rivers. The main rivers of this region are Bhairab, Jalangi, Chhoto Bhairab, Sialmari and Gobra Nala. All these rivers are distributaries of the main branch of the Ganges. The rivers are in their decaying stages.<ref name=river>{{cite web | url = http://gangawaterway.in/assets/7-murshidabad.pdf | title = Types and sources of floods in Murshidabad, West Bengal | work = Swati Mollah | publisher = Indian Journal of Applied Research, February 2013 | access-date = 15 August 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170820073737/http://gangawaterway.in/assets/7-murshidabad.pdf | archive-date = 20 August 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

A major problem in Murshidabad district is [[River bank failure|river bank erosion]]. As of 2013, an estimated 2.4 million people reside along the banks of the Ganges alone in Murshidabad district. Between 1931 and 1977, 26,769 hectares have been eroded and many villages have been fully submerged. 1980-1990 was a decade of erosion for this district and during the decade Giria, Sekhalipur, Khejustala, Mithipur, Fajilpur, Rajapur, Akheriganj, Parashpur villages were badly affected. Many families living along the Ganges continue to be affected. As for example, in 2007, severe erosion occurred in Lalgola, Bhagawangola II, Farakka and Raninnagar II CD blocks. In 2008, 1,245 families were affected in Lalgola, Bhagawangola I and Bhagawangola II CD blocks.<ref name=river/>

See also - [[River bank erosion along the Ganges in Malda and Murshidabad districts]]

[[Lalgola]] is a [[border checkpoint]] on the [[Bangladesh-India border]]. On the other side is [[Godagari Upazila|Godagiri]], across the [[Padma River|Padma]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.lonelyplanet.com/bangladesh/transport/getting-there-away |title = Bangladesh - Getting there and around | publisher= Lonely Planet| access-date = 2013-03-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbec.gov.in/customs/cs-act/notifications/csnt63-94.htm |title=Notification No. 63/94-Cus. (N.T.) dtd 21/11/1994 with amendments - Land Customs Stations and Routes for import and export of goods by land or inland water ways |access-date=2013-03-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128165640/http://www.cbec.gov.in/customs/cs-act/notifications/csnt63-94.htm |archive-date=2012-01-28 }}</ref>

Murshidabad district has a 125.35 km long international border with Bangladesh of which 42.35 km is on land and the remaining is riverine. There are 9 blocks – Samserganj, Suti I, Suti II, Raghunathganj II, Lalgola, Bhagawangola I, Bhagawangola II, Raninagar II and Jalangi - along the [[Bangladesh-India border]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://murshidabad.nic.in/About.aspx | title = Egiye Bangla Murshidabad | publisher = Murshidabad district authorities | access-date = 25 July 2017}}</ref>

Lalgola CD block has an area of 184.37 km2. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 12 [[gram panchayat]]s, 205 gram sansads (village councils), 94 [[mouza]]s and 84 inhabited villages. [[Lalgola#Police station|Lalgola]] police station serves this block.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Murshidabad, Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 21 November 2018 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref> Headquarters of this CD block is at Lalgola.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Murshidabad, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Map of Murshidabad with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 24 July 2017 }}</ref>

[[Gram panchayat]]s in Lalgola block/ panchayat samiti are: Airmari Krishnapur, Bahadurpur, Bilborakopra, Dewansarai, Jasaitala, Kalmegha, [[Lalgola]], Maiya, Manikchak, Nashipur, Paikpara and Ramchandrapur.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Murshidabad - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 15 August 2017}}</ref>

==Demographics==

===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Lalgola CD block had a total population of 335,831, all of which were rural. There were 170,997 (51%) males and 164,834 (49%) females. Population in the age range 0–6 years numbered 54,961. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 31,248 (9.30%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 168 (0.05%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 14 October 2015}}</ref>

As per 2001 census, Lalgola block has a total population of 267,593, out of which 136,853 were males and 130,710 were females. Lalgola block registered a population growth of 29.40 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the district was 23.70 per cent.<ref name=census>{{cite web|url= http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_7.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date= 8 June 2016 |work=Census ofr=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110928205646/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_7.htm |archive-date=September 28, 2011 }}</ref> Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.<ref name="Census Commission of India">{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date=2012-04-12 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |archive-date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref>

'''Decadal [[Population growth|Population Growth]] Rate (%)'''
{{ #invoke:Chart | bar-chart
| group 1 = 0 : 0 : 29.4 : 25.48
| group 2 = 25.5 : 28.2 : 23.8 : 21.1
| group 3 = 23.2: 24.6 : 17.84 : 13.9

| colors = olive : yellow : violet
| group names = Lalgola CD block : Murshidabad district : West Bengal
| x legends = 1971–1981 : 1981–1991: 1991–2001: 2001-2011
}}

Sources:<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf | title = District Census Handbook: Murshidabad, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Growth Rate, Page 44 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011| access-date = 25 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Murshidabad, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Brief Analysis of Inset Tables based on Primary Census Abstract 2011 (Inset Tables 1-35), Table I: Decadal change in population of Tahsils (Sub-district) by Residence, 2001–2011, Page 50 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 24 July 2017 }}</ref><ref name="Decadal Growth Rate"/><ref name="Census Commission of India"/><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.voiceofdharma.org/books/tfst/appii1.htm | title = Population explosion in West Bengal: a survey | work = Table 1.1 Population in West Bengal 1941-1991 | publisher = South Asian Research Society | access-date = 15 August 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170808081840/http://voiceofdharma.org/books/tfst/appii1.htm | archive-date = 8 August 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbdma.gov.in/PDF/census2001/Population_Decadal_Growth_Rate_Density_and_General_Sex.pdf | title = Final Population Totals West Bengal | work = Census of India 2001 | publisher = Census Commission of India | access-date = 15 August 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170902053520/http://www.wbdma.gov.in/PDF/census2001/Population_Decadal_Growth_Rate_Density_and_General_Sex.pdf | archive-date = 2 September 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

The decadal growth of population in Lalgola CD block in 2001-2011 was 25.48%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Murshidabad, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Brief Analysis of Inset Tables based on Primary Census Abstract 2011 (Inset Tables 1-35), Table I: Decadal change in population of Tahsils (Sub-district) by Residence, 2001–2011, Page 50 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 24 July 2017 }}</ref>

The decadal growth rate of population in Murshidabad district was as follows: 33.5% in 1951–61, 28.6% in 1961–71, 25.5% in 1971–81, 28.2% in 1981-91, 23.8% in 1991-2001 and 21.1% in 2001-11.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf | title = District Census Handbook: Murshidabad, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Growth Rate, Page 44 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011| access-date = 25 July 2017}}</ref> The decadal growth rate for West Bengal in 2001-11 was 13.93%.<ref name="Decadal Growth Rate">{{cite web | url = http://www.mapsofindia.com/census2011/decadal-growth-rate.html | title = Decadal Growth Rate | publisher = Mps of India | access-date = 25 July 2017}}</ref>

The decadal growth rate of population in [[Chapai Nawabganj District]] was 15.59% for the decade 2001–2011, down from 21.67% in the decade 1991-2001.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://203.112.218.65:8008/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/PopCenZilz2011/Zila_ChapaiNawabganj.pdf | title = Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011: Zila Report – Chapai Nawabganj | work = Page 17: Table PT 02 Population and Growth Rate, 1974-2011 | publisher = Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), Ministry of Planning, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh | access-date = 19 December 2018 | archive-date = 28 September 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220928210419/http://203.112.218.65:8008/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/PopCenZilz2011/Zila_ChapaiNawabganj.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> The decadal growth rate of population in [[Rajshahi District]] was 13.48% for the decade 2001–2011, down from 21.19% in the decade 1991-2001. Both the districts are across the Ganges, in Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://203.112.218.65:8008/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/PopCenZilz2011/Zila_Rajshahi.pdf |title = Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011: Zila Report – Rajshahi | work= Page 17: Table PT 02 Population and Growth Rate, 1974-2011|publisher= Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), Ministry of Planning, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh | access-date = 19 December 2018 }}</ref>

There are reports of [[Illegal immigration to India|Bangladeshi infiltrators]] entering Murshidabad district.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.dailypioneer.com/columnists/oped/bangladeshi-infiltration-the-reality-check.html|title = Bangladeshi Infiltration: The Reality Check |publisher= The Pioneer, 27 June 2015 | access-date = 23 July 2017}}</ref><ref name=telegraph>{{cite web| url = https://www.telegraphindia.com/1050823/asp/nation/story_5136259.asp | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20051205225003/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050823/asp/nation/story_5136259.asp | url-status = dead | archive-date = December 5, 2005 |title = Report taking shape amid infiltration buzz |publisher= The Telegraph, 23 August 2005 | access-date = 23 July 2017}}</ref>

===Villages===
Large villages under Lalgola CD block were (2011 population figures in brackets): Moya(15,131), Bayra (15,259), Paharpur (13,368), Amarkunda (5,605), Makimnagar (4,057), Ilimpur (6,204), Nasipur (8,696), Syampur (4,443), Rajarampur (10,528), Paikpara (12,138), Nadaipur (9,401), Basui (4,676), Upar Fatepur (7,142), Krishnapur (19,462), Ramchandrapur (4,358), Karttickpur (5,687), Kalmegha (8,176), Bansgara (8,671), [[Lalgola]] (31,698), Hazi Mahammadpur (4,227), Paschim Durbarpara (5,056), Krishnapur Dinurpara (7,502), Brahimottar Manick Chak (7,800), Bajupur Madhupur (9,771), Diar Fatepur (10,536) and Sites Nagar (7,123).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
As per the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in Lalgola CD block was 180,646 (64.32% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 94,242 (65.81% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 86,401 (62.76% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 3.06%.<ref name=census2011/>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Murshidabad district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Lalgola CD block (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|80.25}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|19.50}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.25}}
}}
In the 2011 census, Muslims numbered 269,500 and formed 80.25% of the population in Lalgola CD block. Hindus numbered 65,493 and formed 19.50% of the population. Others numbered 838 and formed 0.25% of the population.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> In Lalgola CD block while the proportion of Muslims increased from 75.74% in 1991 to 77.93% in 2001, the proportion of Hindus declined from 24.13% in 1991 to 21.81% in 2001.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Murshidabad | work = Table 17.1, Population by religion in the blocks of Murshidabad | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 21 November 2018 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Murshidabad district had 4,707,573 Muslims who formed 66.27% of the population, 2,359,061 Hindus who formed 33.21% of the population, and 37, 173 persons belonging to other religions who formed 0.52% of the population, in the 2011 census. While the proportion of Muslim population in the district increased from 61.40% in 1991 to 63.67% in 2001, the proportion of Hindu population declined from 38.39% in 1991 to 35.92% in 2001.<ref name="censusreligion2011">{{cite web |title=C1 Population by Religious Community |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/c-01.html |access-date=20 July 2016 |work=West Bengal |publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Ha ndbook 2014 Murshidabad | work = Table 2.10, Population by religion in the district of Murshidabad, 1991 and 2001 | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 21 November 2018 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Bengal-beats-India-in-Muslim-growth-rate/articleshow/48675987.cms |title = Bengal beats India in Muslim growth rate|publisher= The Times of India, 26 August 2015 | access-date = 23 July 2017}}</ref>

Murshidabad was the only Muslim majority district in West Bengal at the time of [[partition of India]] in 1947. The proportion of Muslims in the population of Murshidabad district in 1951 was 55.24%.<ref name=telegraph/> The [[Radcliffe Line]] had placed Muslim majority Murshidabad in India and the Hindu majority [[Khulna District|Khulna]] in Pakistan, in order to maintain the integrity of the Ganges river system In India.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjQ0iWSq2R0C&q=murshidabad+khulna&pg=PA45|title=The Spoils of Partition: Bengal and India, 1947–1967|last=Chatterji|first=Joya|work=pages 42-60|date=15 November 2007|publisher= University of Cambridge, first published 2007|isbn= 978-0-521-87536-3|access-date = 23 July 2017}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Lalgola CD block (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 97.76 |color1 = orchid
|label2 = [[Sora language|Savara]] |value2 = 1.95 |color2 = mediumorchid
|label3 = Others |value3 = 0.29 |color3 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 97.76% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and 1.95% [[Sora language|Savara]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
==Rural poverty==
As per the Human Development Report 2004 for West Bengal, the [[rural poverty]] ratio in Murshidabad district was 46.12%. Purulia, Bankura and Birbhum districts had higher rural poverty ratios. These estimates were based on Central Sample data of NSS 55th round 1999-2000.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.planningcommission.gov.in/plans/stateplan/sdr_pdf/shdr_wb04.pdf| title = West Bengal Human Development Report 2004| work = Page 80: Table 4.5 Per capita consumption in rural and urban areas by district| publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal| access-date = 20 November 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120501201321/http://planningcommission.gov.in/plans/stateplan/sdr_pdf/shdr_wb04.pdf| archive-date = 1 May 2012| url-status = dead}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
In Lalgola CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 10,746 and formed 9.18%, agricultural labourers numbered 32,568 and formed 27.83%, household industry workers numbered 18,139 and formed 15.50% and other workers numbered 55,565 and formed 47.48%.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Murshidabad | work = Tables 2.7, 17.2, 16.1, 18.1, 18.2, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 21 November 2018 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 84 inhabited villages in Lalgola CD block. 100% villages have power supply. 83 villages (98.81%) have drinking water supply. 17 villages (20.24%) have post offices. 83 villages (98.81%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 38 villages (45.24%) have a pucca approach road and 17 villages (20.24%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 4 villages (4.76%) have agricultural credit societies and 6 villages (7.14%) have banks.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Murshidabad, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 96-97 Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities,2011 | publisher = Directorate of Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 4 August 2017}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Persons engaged in agriculture in Lalgola CD block'''
|value1 = 2.66
|label1 = Bargadars
|value2 = 7.62
|label2 = Patta holders
|value3 = 6.38
|label3 = Small farmers
|value4 = 33.43
|label4 = Marginal farmers
|value5 = 49.91
|label5= Agricultural labourers}}

From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work = (1) Chapter 1.2, South 24 Parganas in Historical Perspective, pages 7-9 (2) Chapter 3.4, Land reforms, pages 32-33 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 7 August 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref> Following [[Land reform in India|land reforms]] land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013–14, persons engaged in agriculture in Lalgola CD block could be classified as follows: [[bargadar]]s 1,736 (2.66%), patta (document) holders 4,974 (7.62%), small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 4,166 (6.38%), marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 21,812 (33.43%) and agricultural labourers 32,568 (49.91%).<ref name=handbook2014/>

Lalgola CD block had 170 fertiliser depots, 3 seed stores and 55 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in 2013-14.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2013–14, Lalgola CD block produced 7,057 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop from 2,594 hectares, 2,630 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 751 hectares, 1,216 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 649 hectares, 9,870 tonnes of wheat from 3,751 hectares, 227 tonnes of maize from 88 hectares, 134,085 tonnes of jute from 9,881 hectares and 4,176 tonnes of potatoes from 145 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2013–14, the total area irrigated in Lalgola CD block was 7,422 hectares, out of which 90 hectares were irrigated by canal water, 120 hectares with tank water, 186 hectares with river lift irrigation, 1,698 hectares by deep tube well, 68 hectares by shallow tube well and 5,260 hectares by other means.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Silk and handicrafts===
Murshidabad is famous for its silk industry since the Middle Ages. There are three distinct categories in this industry, namely (i) [[Mulberry]] cultivation and silkworm rearing (ii) Peeling of raw silk (iii) Weaving of silk fabrics.<ref name=handicrafts>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Murshidabad, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 22-23: Industry | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 4 August 2017}}</ref>

Ivory carving is an important cottage industry from the era of the Nawabs. The main areas where this industry has flourished are Khagra and Jiaganj. 99% of ivory craft production is exported. In more recent years sandalwood etching has become more popular than ivory carving. Bell metal and Brass utensils are manufactured in large quantities at Khagra, Berhampore, Kandi and Jangipur. [[Beedi]] making has flourished in the Jangipur subdivision.<ref name=handicrafts/><ref>{{cite web | url = http://murshidabad.gov.in/About.aspx#4 | title = Egiye Bangla Murshidabad district | work = Handicrafts and Silk Industry | publisher = Murshidabad district administration | access-date = 17 August 2017}}</ref>

===Banking===
In 2013–14, Lalgola CD block had offices of 11 commercial banks and 2 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin banks]].<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Backward Regions Grant Fund===
Murshidabad district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 3 November 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 26 November 2018}}</ref>

==Transport==
Lalgola CD block has 6 ferry services and 6 originating/ terminating bus routes.<ref name=handbook2014/>

The [[Lalgola and Gede branch lines|Ranaghat-Lalgola branch line]] was opened in 1905.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/docs/history/murshidabad.html |title = Murshidabad District (1914) |last= L.S.S.O’Malley | publisher= [[IRFCA]]| access-date = 24 February 2016}}</ref>

[[State Highway 11A (West Bengal)|State Highway 11A]], running from Raghunathganj to Bhagawangola passes through this CD block.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.wbtrafficpolice.com/state-highways.php |title = List of State Highways in West Bengal | publisher= West Bengal Traffic Police | access-date = 4 August 2017}}</ref>

==Education==
In 2013–14, Lalgola CD block had 131 primary schools with 20,768 students, 22 middle schools with 3,260 students, 2 high schools with 2,105 students and 16 higher secondary schools with 35,783 students. Lalgola CD block had 1 general college with 1,890 students and 486 institutions for special and non-formal education with 28,338 students.<ref name=handbook2014/>

[[Lalgola College]] was established in 2006 at [[Lalgola]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://lalgolacollege.org/ | title = Lalgola College | publisher = LC |access-date = 12 September 2017}}</ref>

In Lalgola CD block, amongst the 84 inhabited villages, 13 villages did not have a school, 35 villages have more than 1 primary school, 35 villages have at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 14 villages have at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Murshidabad, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 901-902, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools, 2011 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 4 August 2017}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
In 2014, Lalgola CD block had 1 rural hospital, 2 [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] and 3 private nursing homes with total 64 beds and 9 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 34 family welfare subcentres. 20,314 patients were treated indoor and 144,875 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

Lalgola CD block has Krishnapur Rural Hospital at [[Krishnapur, Murshidabad|Krishnapur]] (with 50 beds), Rajarampur [[Primary Health Centre (India)|Primary Health Centre]] (with 4 beds) and Krishnapur-Dinupara PHC (with 10 beds).<ref name=medical>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 19 September 2017 | archive-date = 28 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211028134305/https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-99a499ee367f0c1530476c81086270c8 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Lalgola CD block is one of the areas of Murshidabad district where ground water is affected by a high level of [[Arsenic contamination of groundwater|arsenic contamination]]. The [[World Health Organization|WHO]] guideline for arsenic in drinking water is 10 mg/ litre, and the Indian Standard value is 50 mg/ litre. All but one of the 26 blocks of Murshidabad district have arsenic contamination above the WHO level, all but two of the blocks have arsenic concentration above the Indian Standard value and 17 blocks have arsenic concentration above 300 mg/litre. The maximum concentration in Lalgola CD block is 1,028 mg/litre.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.soesju.org/arsenic/wb1.htm| title = Groundwater Arsenic contamination in West Bengal-India (20 years study )| publisher = SOES| work = Murshidabad| access-date = 4 August 2017| archive-date = 28 February 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180228194339/http://www.soesju.org/arsenic/wb1.htm| url-status = dead}}</ref>

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage-inline|Murshidabad}}

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Murshidabad topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Murshidabad district]]

Chainsingh Warkade

2025-02-02T00:55:15Z

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{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Niwas Assembly constituency|Niwas]]
| term_start = 2023
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Ashok Marskole]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
}}
'''Chainsingh Warkade''' is an Indian politician from Madhya Pradesh. He is a [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]], representing [[Niwas Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Niwas Lok Sabha Election 2024 Live: Get Niwas Lok Sabha Election Results and Candidate List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/madhya-pradesh-assembly-election/niwas-constituency/ |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Niwas Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: INC's Chainsingh Warkade wins Niwas with 99644 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/niwas-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2470475-2023-12-03 |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Warkade, Chainsingh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{MadhyaPradesh-INC-politician-stub}}

Kalika Prasad Shukla

2024-11-07T12:28:15Z

Donnell05T: Adding Initial Bio From Scratch

{{Short description|Sanskrit scholar and poet}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
'''Kalika Prasad Shukla''' ({{langx|sa|कालिकाप्रसादशुक्लः}}) (born 15 October 1921<ref name="tripathi291-2">Tripathi (ed.) 2012, pp. 291–292.</ref> - 1993) was a [[Sanskrit]] scholar and poet based in [[Varanasi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. He won the [[Sahitya Akademi Award for Sanskrit]] in the year 1986 for the epic poem ''Śrīrādhācaritamahākāvyam''.<ref name="tripathi291-2"/><ref name="eoil"/><ref name="sa1986"/> He was the Head of Departments of [[Vedanga]] and [[Sanskrit grammar|Vyākaraṇa]] at the [[Sampurnanand Sanskrit University]].<ref name="edsl1"/>

==Life==
Kalika Prasad Shukla was born in the Mathia-Shukia village in [[Deoria, Uttar Pradesh|Deoria district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="edsl1">Singh and Baruah 2004, pp. 1473-1475.</ref> He obtained the ''Navyavyakaranacharya'', ''Nyaya Shastri'' and ''Kavyatirtha'' degrees in the traditional (Gurukula) system of Sanskrit learning. He then obtained the ''Acharya'' (Master of Arts) degree in Sanskrit from Agra University in 1957. In 1978, he obtained the degree of ''Vachaspti'' (DLitt) from the Sampurnanand Sanskrit University along with a Gold Medal.<ref name="edsl1"/>

From 1957 to 1968, he taught as a lecturer in the Baroda Sanskrit Mahavidyalaya under the [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda|Maharaja Sayajirao University]].<ref name="edsl1"/> He joined the Sampurnanand Sanskrit University in 1968 and served there till his retirement in 1982. From 1968 to 1975 he served as a Lecturer, from 1975 to 1979 as a Reader, and from 1979 to 1982 as a Professor. He retired as the Head of Departments of Vedanga and Vyakarana.<ref name="edsl1"/> After retiring from the Sampurnanand Sanskrit University, he settled in Varanasi.<ref name="tripathi291-2"/> He took his last breathe because of brain haemorrhage on 21 June 1993 in Varanasi as per his last wish.

==Major works==
Kalika Prasad Shukla has authored fifteen books and more than 25 papers.<ref name="tripathi291-2"/><ref name="edsl1"/> His major works include−

===Epic poem===
* ''Śrīrādhācaritamahākāvyam'' (श्रीराधाचरितमहाकाव्यम्) (1986) – This is an epic poem in 13 cantos on the love life of [[Radha]] and [[Krishna]].<ref name="eoil">Lal 2006, pp. 4158–4159.</ref><ref name="dalal">Dalal 2011, p. 384.</ref><ref name="edsl2">Singh and Baruah 2004, pp. 1448-1450.</ref> The entire poem is from the perspective of Radha. The work is epical in mode with hardly any dialogues. ''Madhura Bhakti'' is the main [[Rasa (aesthetics)|Rasa]] of the poem.<ref name="eoil"/><ref name="dalal"/> There is detailed poetic description of nature including the land of [[Braja]], the river [[Yamuna]], the hamlets, cowherds, seasons, groves, sunrise, moonrise, flora and fauna, et cetera. The work received the Sahitya Akademi Award for Sanskrit in 1986 for its "innovative form, epical structure and devotional appeal".<ref name="eoil"/><ref name="sa1986">{{cite web | title=Akademi Awards Information | url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/showSearchAwardsResult.jsp?year=&author=&awards=AA&language=SANSKRIT | accessdate=19 October 2012 | publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]}}</ref>

===Minor poem===
* ''Sūryaśatakam'' (सूर्यशतकम्) (1983) – A poem of one hundred verses devoted to [[Surya]].

===Research===
* ''Vaiyākaraṇānāmanyeṣāñca Matena Śabdasvarūpatacchaktivicāraḥ'' (वैयाकरणानामन्येषाञ्च मतेन शब्दस्वरूपतच्छक्तिविचारः) (1979)

===Critical editions===
* ''Paramalaghumañjūṣā'' (परमलघुमञ्जूषा) (1961) of Nagesha Bhatta.<ref name="eoip">{{cite book | title=Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies: The philosophy of the grammarians, Volume 5 | last=Raja | first=K. Kunjunni | year=1990 | publisher=Motilal Banarsidass | location=New Delhi, India | isbn=9788120804265 | editor1-first=Harold G. | editor1-last=Coward |editor-link1=Harold Coward | editor2-first=Karl H | editor2-last=Potter | page=324}}</ref>
* ''Kovidānandaḥ'' (कोविदानन्दः) (1963) of Ashadhara Bhatta.<ref>{{cite book | title=Āśādharabhaṭṭa: the contribution of Āśādhara Bhaṭṭa to Saṃskrit poetics | last=Mishra | first=Jagadish Prasad | year=1987 | publisher=Eastern Book Linkers | location=New Delhi, India | page=7}}</ref>
* ''Citramīmāṃsā'' (चित्रमीमांसा) (1965) of [[Appayya Dikshita]].<ref name="edsl1"/>
* ''Paribhāṣenduśekharaḥ'' (परिभाषेन्दुशेखरः) (1975) of Nagesha Bhatta.
* ''Vaiyākaraṇasiddhāntamañjūṣā'' (वैयाकरणसिद्धान्तमञ्जूषा) (1977) of Nagesha Bhatta.
* ''Kāśikāvṛttiḥ'' (काशिकावृत्तिः) (1985) of Vamana and Jayaditya. Six volumes of the commentary on [[Pāṇini]]'s [[Pāṇini#Ashtadhyayi|Aṣṭādhyāyī]]. With Dvarikadasa Shastri.<ref name="edsl1"/>

===Commentaries===
* The commentary ''Jyotsanā'' on the ''Paramalaghumañjūṣā''.<ref name="eoip"/>
* A commentary on the third canto of the ''Candraprabhācaritam''.<ref name="edsl1"/>
* A commentary on the fifth canto of the ''[[Kumārasambhava]]m''.<ref name="edsl1"/>

==Awards and recognition==

===Awards===
* 1986. ''Vishishta Puraskar'' by the Sanskrit Akademy of Uttar Pradesh for outstanding contribution to Sanskrit literature.<ref name="edsl1"/>
* 1986. Sahitya Akademi Award for Sanskrit for the work ''Śrīrādhācaritamahākāvyam''.<ref name="edsl1"/>

===Recognition===
Shukla is known for his creative writing skills and is acclaimed as a poet of great distinction.<ref name="edsl1"/> Roshen Dalal wrote that the ''Śrīrādhācaritamahākāvyam'' is a "rare, high quality Sanskrit works of the twentieth century."<ref name="dalal"/> K. Krishnamoorthy wrote about him−<ref name="edsl1"/>
{{Quote|There are thousands like him proficient in Sanskrit, but few are real poets. ... it is very hard to find a writer who sticks to traditional canons with convictions and yet succeeds in producing a sustained poem of moderate length, rising above mediocrity and blends in his composition the ever-fresh longings of man for communication with the divine.}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Works cited==
{{refbegin|2|colwidth=35em|indent=yes}}
* {{cite book | title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide | last=Dalal | first=Roshen | year=2011 | publisher=Penguin Books India | location=New Delhi, India | isbn=9780143414216}}
* {{cite book | title=The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature – Volume Five (Sasay To Zorgot), Volume 5 | last=Lal | first=Mohan | year=2006 | publisher=Sahitya Akademi | location=New Delhi, India | isbn=9788126012213}}
* {{cite book | title=Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Sanskrit Literature, Volume 1 (A–Dh)| editor1-last=Bhattacharya | editor1-first=J N | editor2-last=Sarkar | editor2-first=Nilanjana | edition=First | year=2004 | publisher=Global Vision Publishing House | location=New Delhi, India | isbn=9788187746843}}
* {{cite book |editor-first=Radha Vallabh |editor-last=Tripathi | year=2012 | title=संस्कृतविद्वत्परिचायिका – Inventory of Sanskrit Scholars |location=New Delhi, India | publisher=Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan |isbn=978-93-8611-185-2 | url=http://www.sanskrit.nic.in/DigitalBook/I/Inventory%20of%20Sanskrit%20Scholars.pdf | accessdate=16 April 2012}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Sahitya Akademi Award for Sanskrit}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shukla, Kalika Prasad}}
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:1993 deaths]]
[[Category:Writers from Varanasi]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Sanskrit]]
[[Category:Sanskrit poets]]
[[Category:Indian Sanskrit scholars]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Scholars from Varanasi]]

Tili Jati

2024-06-19T12:16:20Z

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Anandji Kalyanji Trust

2024-06-02T11:46:06Z

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{{Short description|Largest and the oldest Jain trust}}
{{distinguish|Kalyanji Anandji}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
[[File:Udaipur-Jagdish Temple-Shet Anandji Kalyanji DFE-20131013.jpg|thumb|Shet Anandji Kalyanji Trust Donation Receipt]]
{{Jainism}}

'''Anandji Kalyanji Trust''' (Gujarati શેઠ આનંદજી કલ્યાણજી પેઢી) is the largest and the oldest Jain trust, managed by lay Jains,<ref>Not including the Digambara [[Bhattaraka]] institutions, some of which go back several centuries. The [[Humcha#The Jain Matha (Mutt) at Hombuja|Humcha]] Battaraka seat goes back to 8th century.</ref> with headquarters at [[Ahmedabad]] which manages more than 1200 Jain temples.<ref name=ex>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/ahmedabad-mourns-demise-of-industry-doyen-philanthropist-shrenik-lalbhai/ |title=Ahmedabad mourns demise of industry doyen, philanthropist Shrenik Lalbhai|place=Ahmedabad |date=19 June 2014|accessdate =28 June 2014|work=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>Sheth Anandji Kalyanji Pedhino Itihas 1,
Ratilal Dipchand Desai, Shilchandrasuri,Anandji Kalyanji Pedhi Ahmedabad 1983</ref> The original charitable trust is said to have been founded somewhere in decades of 1630–40 AD and is running under name ''Anandji Kalyanji ni Pedhi'' or Anandji Kalyanji Trust since decade of 1720.<ref>Sheth Anandji Kalyanji Pedhino Itihas 1,
Ratilal Dipchand Desai, Shilchandrasuri,Anandji Kalyanji Pedhi Ahmedabad 1983; pp:6</ref>

==History==
Initially founded to manage the [[Shatrunjaya]] [[Palitana temples]], it now manages numerous Jain tirthas and temples belonging to the [[Śvetāmbara]] tradition.<ref>Dharna Vihara, Ranakpur, Saryu Doshi, Thomas Dix Opus, Vol. 17, Edition Axel Menges, 1995</ref> It is said to have been founded by [[Shantidas Zaveri]] and its leadership has been in the same family for generations, who have been the Nagar-seths of Ahmedabad.<ref name=ak>{{cite news|title=The silent force behind Shwetamber Jains|first=Bharat|last=Yagnik|date=22 November 2013|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/The-silent-force-behind-Shwetamber-Jains/articleshow/26169854.cms|access-date=1 July 2014|work=The Times of India}}</ref> [[Kasturbhai Lalbhai]], an industrialist and educationist, who was the eleventh generation member, headed the trust for 50 years, followed by [[Shrenik Kasturbhai Lalbhai]] for 30 years.<ref name=ex/><ref name=ak/> Samveg Lalbhai now heads the trust. Bhavarlal Nahta has written that the organization for restoring the Satrunjaya temples was originally founded by Acharya Devachandraji as mentioned in Devavilasa.<ref>Bhanvarlal Nahta Abhinadan Granth, Ed. Ganesh Lalvani, 1986, p. 172-178</ref>

The name Sheth Anandji Kalyanji Pedhi would suggest that it is a business house belonging to Sheth Anandji, the son of Kalyanji. However, the names are imaginary and they refer to the role of the trust bringing ''Anand'' – pleasure and '' Kalyan''- bliss to the Jain pilgrims.<ref name=ak/>

The available documentation takes the history of the trust to samvat 1777 (1720 AD).

==Management==
[[File:Palitana3.jpg|thumb|Shatrunjaya Temples]]
[[File:Worshippers leaving the temple in Ranakpur.jpg|thumb|Ranakpur temple]]

The trust manages the following [[Tirtha (Jainism)|tirtha]]s or temples.<ref>શેઠ આણંદજી કલ્યાણજી પેઢીનો ઇતિહાસ ભાગ 2,Sheth Anandji Kalyanji Pedhino Itihas Part 2, Ratilal Dipchand Desai, Anandji Kalyanji Pedhi Ahmedabad, 1986</ref>

*[[Parshvanath Jain temple, Varanasi|Banaras Kothi]]
* [[Chittorgarh]] Sattavis Dehra Temple
* [[Girnar]]
* [[Kumbharia Jain temples|Kumbhariya]]
* [[Maksi]] (shared with Digambaras)
* [[Muchhal Mahavir Temple]]
* [[Ranakpur]] renovated in 1933.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FlBrbLYLsDg Sunil Siddharth Lalbhai: The Life and Times of Shri Kasturbhai Lalbhai, Global Education & Leadership Foundation (tGELF), Oct 16, 2013]</ref>
* [[Rikhabdeo]] (shared with Digambaras and Locals)
* [[Sammet Shikhar]] (shared with Digambaras under disputes, shwetambars does not recognise admin authority of Digambars)
* [[Shatrunjaya]]
* Sherisa
* [[Taranga Jain temple|Taranga]] (hill shared with Digambaras, the Ajitnath temple is in exclusive possession of shwetambars. Renovated in 1963.
* [[Vamaj]]

A sister organisation, Seth Kalyanji Parmanandji Pedhi of Sirohi manages temples at Mt. Abu at [[Dilwara Temples|Delwada]], Bamanvad and Mundalstha.

The trust also publishes books related to Śvetāmbara Jain Tirthas.

The trust spends more than Rs 150 million every year in repair works of various Jain temples. The trust members meet twice a year.<ref name=ak/>

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=50em}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.anandjikalyanjipedhi.org/index.php}}

{{Lalbhai Group}}
{{Jainism topics|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Jain organisations]]
[[Category:Lalbhai Group]]

Dubhaiyan

2024-03-13T11:20:36Z

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Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib

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Chandrasekhara Mahadeva Temple

2023-03-10T09:33:51Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Chandrasekhara Mahadeva Temple
| image =
| map_type = India Odisha
| map_caption = Location in Odisha
| coordinates = {{coord|20|20|59|N|85|50|07|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Odisha]]
| district = [[Khurda]]
| location = [[Bhubaneswar]]
| deity = [[Lord Shiva]]
| festivals=
| architecture = Kalingan Style ([[Kalinga Architecture]])
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed = 19th century A.D.
}}

'''Chandrasekhara Mahadeva Temple''' is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to [[Lord Shiva]] located in the village Patia, [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Odisha, India]]. The enshrined deity is a [[Shiva lingam]] within a circular yoni pitha. The temple has a private ownership but is held by many people at the same time.

== The Temple==
The temple dates back to approximately 19th century A.D. This is inferred from the architectural features and building materials. The temple has a lot of cultural significance attached to it. Rituals like Badaosa and Sankranti are observed here. The Patia Grama Mangali Trust Board is also associated with this temple.

===Surrounding===
The temple is surrounded by residential buildings in north and south, pasture land in west and a concrete hall in the east.

=== Architectural features ===
The temple has a [[vimana (tower)|vimana]] and a cement concrete hall in front of the vimana, which served as jagamohana. On elevation, the
vimana is of pidha order having bada, gandi and mastaka measuring 4.80 metres in height from bottom to the top. The bada of the temple measures 1.75 metres in height. The gandi measures 1.55 metres and the mastaka 1.50 metres in height. The doorjambs are a decorative element of the temple. They measure 1.20 metres x 0.51 metres. The building material is laterite. The construction technique used is Ashlar masonry with cement plaster and it has Kalingan style.{{citation needed|date=May 2016}}.

== See also ==
* [[List of Hindu temples in India]]
* [[List of temples in Bhubaneswar]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Sadasiba |title=Lesser Known Monuments Of Bhubaneswar |year=2009 |publisher=Lark Books |location=Bhubaneswar |isbn=978-81-7375-164-6}}
* http://ignca.nic.in/asi_reports/orkhurda245.pdf

{{Temples in Bhubaneswar}}

[[Category:Shiva temples in Odisha]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:19th-century Hindu temples]]

{{Odisha-hindu-temple-stub}}

Maturidi

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Mohanlalganj (Assembly constituency)

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