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University of ancient Taxila

2026-05-18T14:13:01Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur:

{{Short description|Ancient university in Taxila}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox ancient site
| name = University of ancient Taxila
| alternate_name =
| image = BhirMound.JPG
| alt =
| caption = Ruins of [[Bhir Mound]] archaeological site
| map_type = Pakistan Punjab#Pakistan#
| map_caption = Shown in Punjab
| map_alt =
| coordinates = {{coord|33.74|N|72.78|E|display=inline,title}}
| location = [[Taxila]], [[Punjab, Pakistan]]
| region = [[South Asia]]
| type = [[Sanskrit and Vedic learning|Centre of learning]]
| part_of = [[Ancient higher-learning institutions]]
| length =
| width =
| area =
| height =
| builder =
| material =
| built = {{circa|5th century BCE}}
| abandoned = {{circa|5th century CE}}
| epochs =
| cultures =
| dependency_of =
| occupants =
| event =
| excavations =
| archaeologists =
| condition = Ruins
| ownership = Government
| management =
| public_access = Yes
| website =
| notes =
}}
{{History of Pakistan}}
{{History of Punjab}}
{{History of South Asia}}

The '''university of ancient Taxila''' was a center of [[Sanskrit and Vedic learning]] ([[gurukula]]) in [[Taxila]], Ancient India, Now in present-day [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], Pakistan. It was established as a centre of education in religious and secular topics.{{sfnp|Marshall|2013|p=23}}{{sfnp|Lowe|Yasuhara|2016|p=62}} It started as a [[Historical Vedic religion|Vedic]] seat of learning and in the early centuries CE it became a prominent centre of [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] scholarship as well.{{sfnp|Lowe|Yasuhara|2016|p=62}}<ref name=":0">{{harvnb|Kulke|Rothermund|2004}}, "In the early centuries the centre of Buddhist scholarship was the University of Taxila. Currently it became an archaeological site and UNESCO declared taxila as "World Heritage Site" in 1980."</ref>{{sfnp|Lowe|Yasuhara|2016|p=62}}

==Early history of Taxila==
Following the [[Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley]], around 540 BCE, Taxila became the capital of their [[Hindush]] [[satrapy]] (Province); the earliest known archaeological remains date to this period.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Taxila |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/139 |access-date=29 August 2024 |website=whc.unesco.org}}</ref>{{sfnp|Marshall|2013|p=10}} The city surrendered to [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]] in 326 BCE, was annexed by the [[Maurya Empire]] around 317 BCE, became part of the [[Indo-Greek Kingdom]], around 200 BCE, annexed by the [[Indo-Scythians]] around 80 BCE, conquered and destroyed with a new city founded by the [[Kushan Empire]] around 30 CE, to flourish as a seat of Buddhist learning, to be conquered, destroyed and abandoned by the [[Huna people|Hunas]] in the 5th century CE.{{sfnp|Lowe|Yasuhara|2016|p=63}}<ref name=":2">{{cite book |last1=Le |first1=Huu Phuoc |title=Buddhist Architecture |date=2010 |publisher=Grafikol |isbn=9780984404308 |page=50 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9jb364g4BvoC&pg=PA50 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite book |last1=Batchelor |first1=Stephen |title=Confession of a Buddhist Atheist |date=2010 |publisher=Random House Publishing Group |isbn=9781588369840 |pages=255–256 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QU4_XCZL7x8C&pg=PT256 |language=en}}</ref> Taxila was at the crossroads of the main trade routes of Asia, and was probably populated by Indians, Persians, Greeks, Scythians and many ethnicities coming from the various parts of the Achaemenid Empire. The 4th - 3rd century BCE Buddhist [[Jataka tales]] assert Taxila is where Aruni and his son [[Shvetaketu]] each had received their education, while 4th century BCE grammarian, [[Pāṇini]], mentions the city in his {{Transliteration|sa|[[Aṣṭādhyāyī]]}}.{{sfn|Scharfe|2002a|pp=140–141}}

==University==
According to John Marshall, Taxila emerged as a centre of learning after the Persian conquests due to its geographical position, "at the North-Western gateway of the subcontinent," and the "cosmopolitan character of her population."{{sfnp|Marshall|2013|p=23}} It started as a Brahmanical seat of learning.{{sfnp|Lowe|Yasuhara|2016|p=62}} According to Frazier and Flood, the highly systemized Vedic model of learning helped establish Buddhist [[Mahavihara]] at the site, and later [[Nalanda]] (mid 5th century CE), [[Odantapuri]] (8th century CE), and [[Vikramashila]] (late 8th century CE).{{sfnp|Frazier|Flood|2011|p=34}} These Buddhist institutions not only taught [[Vedas|Vedic texts]] and the ritual but also the different theoretical disciplines associated with the [[Vedanga|limbs]] or the sciences of the Vedas, which included disciplines such as linguistics, law, astronomy and reasoning.{{sfnp|Frazier|Flood|2011|p=34}}
Taxila was particularly renowned for Vedic science, medicine, and the arts, but both religious and secular subjects were taught, and even subject such as archery or astrology in.{{sfnp|Marshall|2013|p=23}}

According to John Marshall, "In early Buddhist literature, particularly in the ''[[Jataka]]s,'' Taxila is frequently mentioned as a university centre where students could get instruction in almost any subject, religious or secular, from the ''Veda'' to mathematics and medicine, even to astrology and archery."{{sfnp|Marshall|2013|p=23}} The role of Taxila as a center of knowledge grew stronger under the [[Maurya Empire]] and Greek rule ([[Indo-Greeks]]) in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BCE.{{sfnp|Marshall|2013|p=23}} In the early centuries CE it was a prominent centre of [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] scholarship as well.<ref name=":4">{{harvnb|Kulke|Rothermund|2004}}, "In the early centuries the centre of Buddhist scholarship was the University of Taxila."</ref>

Archaeological and literary evidence indicates that it also functioned as a [[Jain]] seat of learning, with Jain shrines and monks present at the site alongside Buddhism.<ref name=":2" /> Excavations at [[Sirkap]] by [[John Marshall (archaeologist)|John Marshall]] revealed numerous small and large temples, some of which he identified as Jain shrines on the basis of their architectural similarities with sites such as [[Kankali Tila]] in [[Mathura]].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Jain literary traditions record that the site once housed more than 500 Jain temples and served as a seat of Jain learning.<ref name=":5" />

It was not a university in the modern sense, in that the teachers living there may not have had official membership of particular colleges,<ref name=Altekar>{{harvp|Altekar|1965|p=109}}: "It may be observed at the outset that Taxila did not possess any colleges or university in the modern sense of the term."</ref><ref name="Thomas (1944)">F. W. Thomas (1944), in {{harvp|Marshall|1951|p=81}}: "We come across several [[Jātaka]] stories about the students and teachers of Takshaśilā, but not a single episode even remotely suggests that the different 'world renowned' teachers living in that city belonged to a particular college or university of the modern type."</ref><ref name="Britannica Taxila">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Taxila |year=2007 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-7133 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222123332/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-7133 |archive-date=22 December 2007 |postscript=:}} "Taxila, besides being a provincial seat, was also a centre of learning. It was not a university town with lecture halls and residential quarters, such as have been found at Nalanda in the Indian state of Bihar."</ref> in contrast to the later [[Nalanda]] university in [[Bihar]].<ref name="Britannica Taxila"/><ref name=Encarta>"Nalanda" (2007). ''Encarta''.</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">"Nalanda" (2001). ''[[Columbia Encyclopedia]]''.</ref>

The destruction by [[Toramana]] in the 5th century CE seem to have put an end to the activities of Taxila as a centre of learning.<ref name=PCSAT>{{cite book |title=The Pearson CSAT Manual 2011 |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=9788131758304 |page=439/ HC.23 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WuBFs6yFRwcC&pg=PP439 |language=en}}</ref>

==Teachers==
Influential teachers who are said to have taught at university of Taxila include:
* [[Pāṇini]], the 4th century BCE grammarian, possibly from [[Gandāra]]{{sfnp|Lowe|Yasuhara|2016|p=62}}
*[[Chanakya]], the influential, 4th century BCE, Prime Minister of the founder of the Mauryan Empire, [[Chandragupta Maurya]], is also said to have been teaching at Taxila.<ref name=":5">{{cite book |last1=Schlichtmann |first1=Klaus |title=A Peace History of India: From Ashoka Maurya to Mahatma Gandhi |date=2016 |publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd |isbn=9789385563522 |page=29 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1UYKDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT29 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Kumāralāta]], according to the 3rd century CE Chinese Buddhist monk and traveller Yuan Chwang, [[Kumāralāta]], the founder of [[Sautrāntika]] school was also an excellent teacher at Taxila and attracted students from as far as [[China]]. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Watters|first=Thomas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxnUDwAAQBAJ&q=Kum%C4%81ralabdha&pg=PA245|title=On Yuan Chwang's travels in India, 629-645 A.D|date=1 January 1904|publisher=Dalcassian Publishing Company|language=en}}</ref>

==Students==
[[File:Gandhara student with writing palettes.jpg|thumb|Students with their oblong palettes used for writing, in the [[Greco-Buddhist art]] of Gandhara. The young [[Buddha]] accompanying them to go to school is also part of the complete scene. 2nd-3rd century CE, [[Victoria and Albert Museum]].]]
[[File:Bhir Mound, excavation (2).jpg|thumb|[[Bhir Mound]], excavation of ancient buildings]]
According to [[Stephen Batchelor (author)|Stephen Batchelor]], the [[Buddha]] may have been influenced by the experiences and knowledge acquired by some of his closest followers in the foreign capital of Taxila.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Batchelor |first1=Stephen |title=Confession of a Buddhist Atheist |date=2010 |publisher=Random House Publishing Group |isbn=9781588369840 |page=255 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QU4_XCZL7x8C&pg=PT255 |language=en}}</ref> Several contemporaries, and close followers, of the Buddha are said to have studied in Taxila.

Jain narratives also suggest that [[Mahavira]] and some of his disciples spent time in the region of Taxila university.<ref name=":1" />
* King [[Pasenadi]] of [[Kosala]], a close friend of the Buddha.
* Bandhula, the commander of Pasedani's army.
* [[Aṅgulimāla]], a close follower of the Buddha. A Buddhist story about Aṅgulimāla (also called Ahiṃsaka, and later a close follower of Buddha), relates how his parents sent him to Taxila to study under a well-known teacher. There he excels in his studies and becomes the teacher's favorite student, enjoying special privileges in his teacher's house. However, the other students grow jealous of Ahiṃsaka's speedy progress and seek to turn his master against him.{{sfnp|Malalasekera|1960}} To that end, they make it seem as though Ahiṃsaka has seduced the master's wife.{{sfnp|Wilson|2016|p=286}}
* [[Jivaka Komarabhacca|Jivaka]], court doctor at [[Rajagriha]] and personal doctor of the Buddha.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Batchelor |first1=Stephen |title=Confession of a Buddhist Atheist |date=2010 |publisher=Random House Publishing Group |isbn=9781588369840 |page=256 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QU4_XCZL7x8C&pg=PT256 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Charaka]], the Indian "father of medicine" and one of the leading authorities in [[Ayurveda]], is also said to have studied at Taxila, and practiced there.{{sfnp|Lowe|Yasuhara|2016|p=62}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=Subhadra Sen |title=Ashoka |date=2009 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=9788184758078 |page=PT27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L5ru08et_ZAC&pg=PT27 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Chandragupta Maurya]], Buddhist literature states that Chandragupta Maurya, the future founder of the Mauryan Empire, though born near [[Patna]] (Bihar) in Magadha, was taken by Chanakya for his training and education to Taxila, and had him educated there in "all the sciences and arts" of the period, including military sciences. There he studied for eight years.{{sfnp|Mookerji|1988|pp=15-18}} The Greek and Hindu texts also state that Kautilya (Chanakya) was a native of the northwest Indian subcontinent, and Chandragupta was his resident student for eight years.{{sfnp|Mookerji|1988|pp=18-23, 53-54, 140-141}}<ref>{{cite journal | last=Modelski | first=George | title=Kautilya: Foreign Policy and International System in the Ancient Hindu World. | journal=American Political Science Review | publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP) | volume=58 | issue=3 | year=1964 | pages=549–560 | doi=10.2307/1953131 | jstor=1953131 | s2cid=144135587 }}</ref> These accounts match [[Plutarch]]'s assertion that [[Alexander the Great]] met with the young Chandragupta while campaigning in the [[Punjab]].<ref name="RM16">{{cite book |last1=Mookerji |first1=Radhakumud |author-link1=Radha Kumud Mukherjee |title=Chandragupta Maurya and His Times |date=1966 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=9788120804050 |pages=16–17 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i-y6ZUheQH8C&pg=PA16 |language=en}}</ref><ref>"Sandrocottus, when he was a stripling, saw Alexander himself, and we are told that he often said in later times that Alexander narrowly missed making himself master of the country, since its king was hated and despised on account of his baseness and low birth". Plutarch 62-4 {{cite web|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0243&layout=&loc=62.1|title=Plutarch, Alexander, chapter 1, section 1}}</ref>
*[[Indrabhuti Gautama]], the chief disciple of [[Mahavira]], is believed to have been associated with Taxila.<ref name=":0" />

==See also==
*[[Ancient institutions of learning in the Indian subcontinent]]
**[[Sharada Peeth]]
**[[Nalanda mahavihara]] (mid-5th century CE)
**[[Odantapuri]] mahavihara (8th-century CE)
**[[Vikramashila]] mahavihara (late 8th century CE)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}

* {{cite book|last1=Altekar|first1=Anant Sadashiv|author-link1=Anant Sadashiv Altekar|title=Education in Ancient India|date=1965|publisher=Nand Kishore|edition=6th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zWqdDAEACAAJ}}

* {{Cite book |last1=Frazier |first1=Jessica |last2=Flood |first2=Gavin |title=The Continuum Companion to Hindu Studies |date=30 June 2011 |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=978-0-8264-9966-0 |pages=34 |language=en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nv_a5cMEwngC }}

* {{cite book|last1=Kulke|first1=Hermann|last2=Rothermund|first2=Dietmar|author-link1=Hermann Kulke|author-link2=Dietmar Rothermund|title=A History of India|date=2004|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|isbn=978-0-415-32919-4 |edition=4th |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPVq3ykHyH4C}}

* {{Cite book |last1=Lowe |first1=Roy |last2=Yasuhara |first2=Yoshihito |date=4 October 2016 |title=The Origins of Higher Learning: Knowledge networks and the early development of universities |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-54326-8 |language=en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=niExDQAAQBAJ&dq=Taxila&pg=PT62 }}

* {{Citation|last1=Malalasekera|author-link= G P Malalasekera|first1=G.P.|title=Dictionary of Pāli Proper Names|volume=1|year=1960|publisher=[[Pali Text Society]]|location=Delhi|url=http://palikanon.de/english/pali_names/ay/angulimaala.htm|oclc=793535195}}
* {{cite book|last1=Marshall|first1=John|author-link1=John Marshall (archaeologist)|title=Taxila: Structural remains – Volume 1|date=1951|publisher=University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6w6voAEACAAJ}}
* {{cite book |last1=Marshall |first1=John |title=A Guide to Taxila |date=2013 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781107615441 |pages=23–24 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JEMbH2aDO0UC&pg=23 |language=en}}
* {{citation |last=Mookerji |first=Radha Kumud |author-link=Radha Kumud Mukherjee |title=Chandragupta Maurya and his times |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i-y6ZUheQH8C |edition=4th |year=1988 |orig-year=first published in 1966 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=81-208-0433-3 }}

* {{Citation|last1=Wilson|first1=Liz|title=Murderer, Saint and Midwife|editor1-last=Holdrege|editor1-first=Barbara A.|editor2-last=Pechilis|editor2-first=Karen|encyclopedia=Refiguring the Body: Embodiment in South Asian Religions|date=2016|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-1-4384-6315-5|pages=285–300|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=--nMDQAAQBAJ}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Taxila Tehsil]]
[[Category:5th-century BC establishments in India]]
[[Category:5th-century disestablishments]]
[[Category:5th century in India]]
[[Category:Ancient universities of the Indian subcontinent]]
[[Category:Centers of Sanskrit and Vedic learning]]
[[Category:Hindu universities and colleges]]
[[Category:Buddhist universities and colleges]]
[[Category:Jain universities and colleges]]

Tamluk Assembly constituency

2026-05-08T02:55:07Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: Put up new data...

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Tamluk
| type= SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Tamluk.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Tamluk Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = Dr. Hare Krishna Bera
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| preceded_by = [[Soumen Mahapatra]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Purba Medinipur district|Purba Medinipur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Tamluk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tamluk]]
| constituency_no = 203
| established = 1951
| electors = 209,751
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}
{{Pie chart
| value1 = 36.84
| value2 = 21.05
| value3 = 15.79
| value4 = 15.79
| value5 = 5.265
| value6 = 5.265

| label1 = [[Indian National Congress]] (7 times)
| label2 = [[Communist Party of India]] (4 times)
| label3 = [[Bangla Congress]] (3 times)
| label4 = [[All India Trinamool Congress]] (3 time)
| label5 = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (1 times)
| label6= [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (1 time)

| color1 = {{party color|Indian National Congress}}
| color2 = {{party color|Communist Party of India}}
|color3 = {{party color|Bangla Congress}}
| color4 = {{party color|Trinamool Congress}}
| color5 = {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|color6 = {{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
| caption = Most Successful parties from Tamluk assembly
}}
'''Tamluk Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Purba Medinipur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 203 Tamluk Assembly constituency is composed of the following: [[Tamluk]] municipality, Bishnubarh II, Pipulberia I, Pipulberia II and Uttar Sonamui [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Tamluk (community development block)|Tamluk]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]], and [[Sahid Matangini (community development block)|Sahid Matangini]] community development block.<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 | access-date= 6 August 2015|work = West Bengal | publisher= Election Commission of India}}</ref>

Tamluk Assembly constituency is part of No. 30 [[Tamluk (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=delimitation/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1951 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1951]]
|rowspan="4"|[[Ajoy Mukherjee]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bangla Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|1967^
|Ajoy Malakar
|-
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Ajoy Mukherjee]]
|-
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Biswanath Mukherjee]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|Surajit Bagchi
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|rowspan="2"|Anil Mudi
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|Nirbed Roy
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|Jagannath Mitra
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|[[Soumen Mahapatra|Dr. Soumen Mahapatra]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|Ashok Kumar Dinda
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|[[Soumen Mahapatra|Dr. Soumen Mahapatra]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|-
|[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
|Dr. Hare Krishna Bera
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

* ^ by-election

==Election results==

===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Tamluk}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Hare Krishna Bera|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=136,566|percentage=53.15|change={{Increase}}7.63}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Dipendra Narayan Roy|party=Trinamool Congress|votes=101,837|percentage=39.64|change={{Decrease}}6.22}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nabendu Ghara|party=Communist Party of India|votes=8,801|percentage=3.42|change={{Decrease}}2.82}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Ajijul Mallik|party=Jatiya Unnayan Party|votes=3,471|percentage=1.35|change={{New}}}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Arun Jana|party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|votes=2,091|percentage=0.81|change={{Decrease}}0.36}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Haradhan Mazumder|party=Indian National Congress|votes=982|percentage=0.38|change={{New}}}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes=1,583|percentage=0.62|change={{Increase}}0.14}}
{{Election box majority||votes=34,729|percentage=13.52|change={{Increase}}13.18}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=256,930|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = BJP
|loser = AITC
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2021]]: Tamluk}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Soumen Mahapatra|Dr. Soumen Mahapatra]]
|votes = 108,243
|percentage = 45.86
|change = +0.86
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Hare Krishna Bera|votes=107,450|percentage=45.52|change=+38.82}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India|candidate=Goutam Panda|votes=14,718|percentage=6.24|change=-38.96}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=Jnanananda Roy|votes=2,756|percentage=1.17|change=-0.83}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above (India)|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=1,136|percentage=0.48|change=-0.64}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Bhim Patra|votes=774|percentage=0.33|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Sandip Batabyal|votes=762|percentage=0.32|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Amra Bangalee|candidate=Sulalit Mallick|votes=192|percentage=0.08|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=793|percentage=0.34|change=+0.14}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=236,031|percentage=92.33|change=+4.50}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2016]]: Tamluk}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Ashok Kumar Dinda|votes=95,432|percentage=45.20|change=+3.32}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Trinamool Congress|candidate=Nirbed Roy|votes=94,912|percentage=45.00|change=-7.82}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Biswajit Dutta|votes=14,144|percentage=6.70|change=+3.83}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=Satish Saw|votes=4,244|percentage=2.00|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above (India)|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=2,394|percentage=1.12|change=}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Gautam Dutta
|votes = 874
|percentage = 0.40
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Bharat Nirman Party
|candidate = Ranjan Malakar
|votes = 758
|percentage = 0.40
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Rashtriya Janadhikar Suraksha Party
|candidate = Tapas Chakraborty
|votes = 329
|percentage = 0.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Indian Unity Centre
|candidate = Rejman Mullick
|votes = 323
|percentage = 0.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|votes=520|percentage=0.20|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=213,410|percentage=87.83|change=-2.21}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India
|loser = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
.# Swing calculated on Congress+Trinamool Congress vote percentages taken together in 2011.

===2011===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Tamluk<ref name="Tamluk">{{cite web|url = http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25203.htm|title = Tamluk|work = Assembly Elections May 2011 Results|publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2011-05-17|archive-date = 16 May 2011|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110516120204/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25203.htm|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=203| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120519164657/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=203| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 19 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Tamluk| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 2011-05-01 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_4th_phase.pdf |title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Tamluk |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-01 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110912030612/http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_4th_phase.pdf |archive-date = 2011-09-12 }}</ref> }}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Soumen Mahapatra|Dr. Soumen Mahapatra]]
|votes = 99,765
|percentage = 52.82
|change = +6.94#
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Jagannath Mitra
|votes = 79,089
|percentage = 41.88
|change = -40454

}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Malay Kumar Singha
|votes = 5,423
|percentage = 2.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ram Chandra Maity
|votes = 1,610
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = People’s Democratic Conference of India
|candidate = Khairuddin Rahaman
|votes = 1,563
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Indian Unity Centre
|candidate = Ataul Rahaman Bhunya
|votes = 1,414
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 188,864
|percentage = 90.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India
|swing = 14.06#
}}
{{Election box end}}
.# Swing calculated on Congress+Trinamool Congress vote percentages taken together in 2006.

===1977-2006===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006 state assembly elections]] Jagannath Mitra of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] won the 203 Tamluk assembly seat defeating his nearest rival Chittaranjan Maiti of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]]. Contests in most years involved multiple candidates but only winners and runners-up are being mentioned. Nirbed Roy of Trinamool Congress defeated [[Santosh Rana (CPI)|Santosh Rana]] of CPI in 2001. Anil Mudi of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] defeated Surajit Bagchi of CPI in 1996 and 1991. Surajit Bagchi of CPI defeated Anil Mudi of Congress in 1987. Biswanath Mukherjee of CPI defeated Sukumar Das representing [[Indian National Congress (Socialist)|ICS]] in 1982 and representing Congress in 1977.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp202.htm |title = 202 - Tamluk Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2010-12-07 }}</ref>

===1951-1972===
[[Ajoy Mukherjee]] representing [[Indian National Congress]] won in 1972, representing [[Bangla Congress]] won in 1971, 1969 and 1967, and earlier representing Congress won in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]], [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]] and in [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|independent India's first election in 1951]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/electionstatistics.asp | title = Statistical Reports of Elections | access-date = 2010-12-01 | work = General Election Results and Statistics | publisher = Election Commission of India | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp | archive-date = 2010-10-05 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Purba Medinipur topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Purba Medinipur district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]

Swatantrya Veer Savarkar (film)

2026-05-07T09:13:43Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: Put up post...

{{Short description|2024 Indian film by Randeep Hooda}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Swatantrya Veer Savarkar
| image = Swatantrya Veer Savarkar.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name =
| director = [[Randeep Hooda]]
| writer = Utkarsh Naithani Randeep Hooda
| producer = {{Plain list|
*[[Anand Pandit]]
*[[Sandeep Singh (producer)|Sandeep Singh]]
*Yogesh Rahar
*Randeep Hooda
}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*Randeep Hooda
*[[Ankita Lokhande]]
*[[Amit Sial]]
}}
| music = {{Plainlist|
*'''Songs:'''
*[[Anu Malik]]
*[[Vipin Patwa]]
*Sambata
*'''Score:'''
*[[Mathias Duplessy]]
*[[Sandesh Shandilya]]
}}
| cinematography = [[Arvind Krishna (cinematographer)|Arvind Krishna]]
| editing = Kamlesh Karna Rajesh G. Pandey
| studio = {{Plain list|
*[[Zee Studios]]
*[[Anand Pandit|Anand Pandit Motion Pictures]]
*Legend Studios
*Avak Films
*Randeep Hooda Films
}}
| distributor = Zee Studios
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2024|3|22}}
| runtime = 178 minutes<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/swatantra-veer-savarkar-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdiwmdm0 |title=''Swatantrya Veer Savarkar'' (12A) |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |date=16 March 2024 |access-date=16 March 2024}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR|20}} crore<ref name="bo1">{{Cite news |date=24 March 2024 |title=Swatantra Veer Savarkar box office collection Day 2: Randeep Hooda starrer sees collections double on Saturday |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/swatantra-veer-savarkar-box-office-collection-day-2-randeep-hooda-starrer-sees-collections-double-on-saturday/articleshow/108744561.cms |access-date=25 March 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR|31.23}} crore<ref name="bh">{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=22 March 2024 |title=Swatantrya Veer Savarkar Box Office Collection {{!}} India {{!}} Day Wise {{!}} Box Office - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/swatantrya-veer-savarkar/box-office/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
}}
'''''Swatantrya Veer Savarkar''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[biographical drama]] film on the life of [[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]], directed, co-written, and co-produced by [[Randeep Hooda]], who also plays the titular role of Savarkar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Randeep Hooda says he locked himself up in jail to prepare for Savarkar biopic |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/randeep-hooda-says-he-locked-himself-up-in-jail-to-prepare-for-veer-savarkar-biopic-101708934279080.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=26 February 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2024 |title=Randeep Hooda pays tribute to freedom fighter Swatantryaveer Savarkar on death anniversary, shares experience from Kalapani visit |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/randeep-hooda-pays-tribute-to-freedom-fighter-swatantryaveer-savarkar-on-death-anniversary-shares-experience-from-kalapani-visit-23337077 |access-date=26 February 2024 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref> It was released in theatres on 22 March 2024.<ref name=ET0304>{{Cite news |title='Swatantrya Veer Savarkar': Randeep Hooda announces release date of Savarkar biopic |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/swatantrya-veer-savarkar-randeep-hooda-announces-release-date-of-savarkar-biopic/articleshow/107262663.cms |date=30 January 2024 |work=The Economic Times |access-date=26 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2024 |title=Randeep Hooda's Swatantrya Veer Savarkar Trailer Gives Glimpse of the Man Most Feared by British |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!entertainment/randeep-hoodas-swatantrya-veer-savarkar-trailer-gives-glimpse-of-the-man-most-feared-by-british-enn24030404930 |access-date=4 March 2024 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref> The film is written by Utkarsh Naithani.

The film presents a detailed biographical sketch of Savarkar from his childhood, including the key events from his life, often in a near-worshipful tone towards its central character. It received praises for its actors' performances.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

==Plot==

The film narrates the life of [[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]], beginning with the backdrop of the [[Bombay plague epidemic|Bubonic plague of 1897]], which claims his father's life. Angered by injustices, Vinayak becomes a revolutionary, inspired by figures like [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj]] and [[Mazzini]]. He founds the secret society [[Abhinav Bharat Society]] and later joins Indian revolutionaries in London at the [[India House]]. Vinayak completes his thesis on the 1857 War of Independence, and secretly dispatches weapons to India. He meets [[Mahatma Gandhi]] but finds their approaches different. As India witnesses various revolutionary acts, the Savarkar brothers—Vinayak and [[Ganesh Savarkar| Ganesh Damodar Savarkar
]]—are arrested, and imprisonend in the infamous [[Cellular Jail|Kalapani]] in Andaman.

In prison, the Savarkar brothers face brutal treatment, including solitary confinement and physical abuse. Despite hardships, Vinayak continues his struggle, advocating for better conditions for political prisoners. After years of imprisonment, Vinayak is released but faces restrictions. He coins the term [[Hindutva]] and continues his activism, challenging casteism and advocating for a united India. He refuses to support Gandhi's [[Quit India Movement]]. Fearing partition, he urges Hindus to prepare for military defence. As India moves towards independence, the film delves on the [[Partition of India|partition]], the [[Royal Indian Navy mutiny|Naval Mutiny]], and [[Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhi's assassination]]. The movie concludes in 1950 with Savarkar being imprisoned due to concerns over a potential bomb blast during Pakistani Prime Minister [[Liaquat Ali Khan]]'s visit to India.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|* [[Randeep Hooda]] as [[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]]
** Varun Buddhadev as young Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
* [[Ankita Lokhande]] as Yamunabai Savarkar
* [[Amit Sial]] as [[Ganesh Damodar Savarkar]]
* Apinderdeep Singh as [[Harnam Singh Saini]]
* Tirrtha Murbaadkar as Saraswatibai Savarkar
* Chetan Swaroop as Narayan Damodar Savarkar
* [[Rajesh Khera]] as [[Mahatma Gandhi]]
* Lokesh Mittal as [[B. R. Ambedkar]]
* Brajesh Jha as [[Subhash Chandra Bose]]
* Santosh Ojha as [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]]
* Rahul Kulkarni as [[Gopal Krishna Gokhale]]
* Sanjay Sharma as [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
* [[Mrinal Dutt]] as [[Madan Lal Dhingra]]
* Anjali Hooda as [[Bhikaiji Cama]]
* Jay Patel as [[Shyamji Krishna Varma]]
* Chirag Pandya as [[Nathuram Godse]]
* Balkrishna Mishra as [[Dadabhai Naoroji]]
* Bhushan S.R. as [[Chapekar brothers|Vasudev Chapekar]]
* Nitesh Thakur as [[Lala Har Dayal]]
* Palle Singh as [[Mirza Khan]]
* Aamir Malek as [[Bhagat Singh]]
* Gary John as [[King George VI]]
* James Murphy as [[Winston Churchill]]
* [[Sal Yusuf]] as [[Clement Attlee]]
* Ryan Walters as [[Lord Mountbatten]]
* Hella Stichlmair as [[Edwina Mountbatten]]
* Richard B. Klein as [[Curzon Wyllie]]
* Mark Bennington as [[Reginald Craddock]]
* [[Russell Geoffrey Banks]] as David Barry
* Ashwin Dhar as [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]
}}

==Production==
[[Mahesh Manjrekar]] was initially signed to direct the film, but opted out citing creative difference with [[Randeep Hooda]] over the script and inclusion of irrelevant historical figures and events, and was subsequently replaced by Hooda himself, marking his directorial debut.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahesh Manjrekar on quitting Savarkar biopic: Randeep Hooda's obsession |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/mahesh-manjrekar-on-leaving-swatantrya-veer-savarkar-randeep-hooda-obsession-killed-the-film-2419161-2023-08-10 |date=10 August 2023 |work=India Today |access-date=26 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2023 |title=Mahesh Manjrekar lashes out at Randeep Hooda for taking over Veer Savarkar biopic: 'There's a difference between sincerity and obsession' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/mahesh-manjrekar-randep-hooda-taking-over-veer-savarkar-biopic-difference-between-sincerity-obsession-8885213/ |access-date=26 February 2024 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref>

==Music==
{{Infobox album
| name = Swatantrya Veer Savarkar
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Anu Malik]], [[Vipin Patwa]] and Sambata
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 14 March 2024
| recorded = 2022
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| language = Hindi
| length = 21:02
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]
| producer =
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio
|{{YouTube|IbsABnR2a-I|Swatantrya Veer Savarkar- Full Album}}
}}
}}

The music of the film is composed by [[Anu Malik]], [[Vipin Patwa]] and Sambata while the background score is composed by [[Mathias Duplessy]] and [[Sandesh Shandilya]].

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| total_length = 21:02
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Dharti Ka Abhimaan
| extra1 = [[Divya Kumar (singer)|Divya Kumar]], [[Vijay Prakash]]
| lyrics1 = Traditional
| music1 = [[Anu Malik]]
| length1 = 3:44
| title2 = Dariya O Dariya
| extra2 = Raj Barman
| lyrics2 = Prashant Ingole
| music2 = [[Anu Malik]]
| length2 = 4:33
| title3 = The Savarkar Rage
| extra3 = Sambata
| lyrics3 = Sambata
| music3 = Sambata
| length3 = 2:10
| title4 = Vande Mataram
| extra4 = [[Vipin Patwa]]
| lyrics4 = Dr. Sagar
| music4 = [[Vipin Patwa]]
| length4 = 2:53
| title5 = Dharti Ka Abhimaan
| note5 = Extended Version
| extra5 = [[Divya Kumar (singer)|Divya Kumar]], [[Vijay Prakash]]
| lyrics5 = Traditional
| music5 = [[Anu Malik]]
| length5 = 7:42
}}

==Release==
===Theatrical release===
The film was theatrically released on 22 March 2024 in Hindi, along with [[Marathi language|Marathi]] dubbed version.<ref>{{Cite news |last=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]] |date=30 January 2024 |title=Randeep Hooda's 'Swatantrya Veer Savarkar' release date announced |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/randeep-hoodas-swatantrya-veer-savarkar-release-date-announced/article67792215.ece |access-date=7 March 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2024 |title='वीर सावरकर' चित्रपट मराठीत येणार, 'हा' प्रसिद्ध मराठी अभिनेता बनला सावरकरांचा आवाज |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/marathi-cinema/swatantrya-veer-savarkar-movie-marathi-trailer-launch-subodh-bhave-dub-the-savarkar-voice-in-marathi-a-a988/ |access-date=13 March 2024 |website=[[Lokmat]] |language=mr}}</ref>

===Home video===
The home video rights were retained by ZEE Entertainment for their own streaming platform [[ZEE5]]. The film was premiered on ZEE5 from 28 May 2024 to mark the 141st birthday of [[Veer Savarkar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Randeep Hooda's 'Swatantrya Veer Savarkar' to have OTT debut on Zee5 on freedom fighter's 141st birth anniversary |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/randeep-hoodas-swatantrya-veer-savarkar-to-have-ott-debut-on-zee5-on-freedom-fighters-141st-birth-anniversary-13772900.html |access-date=21 May 2024 |website=[[Firstpost]] |date=20 May 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Marketing ===
''Little Chanakya and Swatantra Veer Savarkar'', a comic book [[tie-in]] was released along with the film by [[Diamond Comics]]. The comic character Little Chanakya discusses Savarkar's life story covering his participation in the [[Indian independence movement]], imprisonment in [[Cellular Jail|Kalapani]], social activism, [[Opposition to the Partition of India]] and role in the [[Goa liberation movement]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2024 |title=Diamond Toons launches comic on Swatantrya Veer Savarkar - |url=https://www.animationxpress.com/latest-news/diamond-toons-launches-comic-on-swatantrya-veer-savarkar/ |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=AnimationXpress |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Reception==
===Box office===
The movie earned ₹11.37 nett crore in India its first week.<ref name="bh" /> In second week, the movie earned ₹6.34 nett crore.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Swatantra Veer Savarkar Box Office Collection: Randeep Hooda starrer collects about Rs 6 crore in second week |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/swatantra-veer-savarkar-box-office-collection-randeep-hooda-starrer-collects-about-rs-6-crore-in-second-week/articleshow/109054222.cms |access-date=5 April 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> As of 14 April 2024, the film has a worldwide gross of {{INR|31.23 crore}}.<ref name="bh" />

===Critical response===

{{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=14|count=7|average=4|consensus=|ref=yes |access-date=4 April 2024}}<ref>{{cite Rotten Tomatoes |title=Swatantrya Veer Savarkar |id=swatantrya_veer_savarkar |type=m |access-date=4 April 2024}}</ref> The film received mixed response from critics, who praised the film and Randeep Hooda's performances, but described it as hagiographic.

Catherine Bray of ''[[The Guardian]]'' gave the film 2 out of 5 stars and stated, "It all adds up to a funny mixture of hagiography and limp film-making, albeit built around a fine central performance."<ref>{{cite web |last=Bray |first=Catherine |date=22 March 2024 |title=Swatantra Veer Savarkar review – biopic of Hindu nationalist is self-defeating call to arms |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2024/mar/23/swatantra-veer-savarkar-review-biopic-of-hindu-nationalist-is-self-defeating-call-to-arms |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Anuj Kumar of [[The Hindu]] wrote "The film attempts to uplift Savarkar in the popular imagination by vilifying Gandhi through a stylistically mounted and carefully crafted narrative."<ref>{{cite web |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |date=22 March 2024 |title='Swatantrya Veer Savarkar' movie review: Randeep Hooda roars in this puff piece on the Hindutva ideologue |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/swatantrya-veer-savarkar-movie-review-randeep-hooda-roars-in-this-puff-piece-on-the-hindutva-ideologue/article67980808.ece |website=The Hindu}}</ref> In the review for ''[[The Indian Express]]'', [[Shubhra Gupta]] gave a rating of 2/5 and described the movie as "stridently one-sided, and, ultimately, reductive."<ref name="Gupta 2024 r729">{{cite web |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |date=22 March 2024 |title=Swantantrya Veer Savarkar movie review: Randeep Hooda is propulsive in a reductive, one-sided narrative |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/swantantrya-veer-savarkar-movie-review-randeep-hooda-propulsive-in-reductive-one-sided-narrative-9228018/ |website=The Indian Express |quote=But its one-sidedness makes it stridently one-sided, and, ultimately, reductive.}}</ref>

Rohit Bhatnagar of ''[[The Free Press Journal|Free Press Journal]]'' gave a rating of 2.5/5 and wrote "Randeep’s film is a slow burner and it drains you with facts and figures but it is a well-intended project that might strictly excite and appeal history lovers." The review finds the movie to be "bothersome" and to have distorted historical realities.<ref name="Bhatnagar 2024 b201">{{cite web |last=Bhatnagar |first=Rohit |title=Swantantrya Veer Savarkar Review: Randeep Hooda's Stellar Act Is The Highlight Of The Tiresome Film |website=Free Press Journal |date=22 March 2024 |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/movie-review/swantantrya-veer-savarkar-review-randeep-hoodas-stellar-act-is-the-highlight-of-the-tiresome-film}}</ref> Sana Farzeen of ''[[India Today]]'' rated 2 out of 5 stars and added that "''Swatantrya Veer Savarkar'' turned out to be a shallow attempt. It can be only passed off as a very long, often one-sided history lesson on the 'neglected' freedom fighter."<ref name="Farzeen 2024 u784">{{cite web |last=Farzeen |first=Sana |date=22 March 2024 |title='Swatantrya Veer Savarkar' Review: More hero worship than facts in Randeep Hooda film |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/swantantrya-veer-savarkar-review-randeep-hooda-ankita-lokhande-2518103-2024-03-22 |website=India Today |quote=often one-sided history lesson on the 'neglected' freedom fighter}}</ref>

Monika Rawal Kukreja of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' writes in her review that the film "ends up being a one-sided narrative that's not bothered about presenting a balanced outlook about the contributions made towards India's struggle for freedom.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last=Rawal Kukreja |first=Monika |date=22 March 2024 |title=Swatantra Veer Savarkar review: Randeep Hooda is brilliant in unending biographical drama, but struggles with direction |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/swatantra-veer-savarkar-review-randeep-hooda-is-brilliant-biopic-101711098668591.html |website=Hindsutan Times |quote=As a result, Swatantra Veer Savarkar ends up being a one-sided narrative}}</ref> Prateek Sur of the ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and stated that, "'Swatantrya Veer Savarkar' is a wasted effort to be honest. The performances of the other characters could have been lifted and given much more weightage than it currently got. Not to forget that its already too long and yet you feel that there are many angles that have been missed out. So, a possibility of having the film releasing two parts or probably as a web series would have been better."<ref>{{cite web |last=Sur |first=Prateek |date=22 March 2024 |title='Swatantrya Veer Savarkar' Movie Review: Randeep Hooda Squanders A Great Opportunity To Make A True-To-Life Biopic |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/swatantrya-veer-savarkar-movie-review-randeep-hooda-squanders-a-great-opportunity-to-make-a-true-to-life-biopic |website=Outlook}}</ref>

Nandini Ramnath of [[Scroll.in|the Scroll]] says in her review, "Swatantrya Veer Savarkar arrives as election season is starting off, making it high-value, slickly produced propaganda. Savarkar’s heavily simplified Hindutva beliefs link the film most immediately to the present. Savarkar speaks of the legitimacy of the “pain of a majority” that has been oppressed for centuries." She adds, "When [[Nathuram Godse]], shown in the movie as a Hindu Mahasabha member, guns down Gandhi, Savarkar is remorseful. It’s the only moment of weakness in a narrative that proudly owns its ideological stance."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |date=22 March 2024 |title=‘Swatantrya Veer Savarkar’ review: Biopic projects Hindutva ideologue as a neglected hero of history |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1065468/swatantrya-veer-savarkar-review-biopic-projects-hindutva-ideologue-as-a-neglected-hero-of-history |website=[[Scroll.in]]}}</ref>

On the other side of the line, [[the Times of India]] called it, "A polarising but powerful biopic that vindicates Savarkar," and rated it 3.5 out of 5.<ref>{{cite web |title=Swatantrya Veer Savarkar Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/swatantrya-veer-savarkar/movie-review/108696101.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=22 March 2024}}</ref> Rishil Jogani of ''[[Pinkvilla]]'' rated the film 4/5 and opined that "The life decisions of Vinayak Damodar Savarkar can have polarising views, but not the film, that can be classified as 'peak cinema'. While one can't claim authenticity of everything shown in the film, this interpretation of Savarkar's life by Randeep Hooda and the team of Swatantrya Veer Savarkar makes for great, engaging cinema."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=22 March 2024 |title=Swatantrya Veer Savarkar Movie Review |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/swatantrya-veer-savarkar-review-randeep-hooda-puts-up-an-award-winning-act-in-his-ode-to-polarising-figure-1288508 |website=[[Pinkvilla]]}}</ref> [[Filmfare]] rated it 3 out 5 and stated, "Swatantrya Veer Savarkar movie review: Randeep Hooda packs an impeccable punch in this hard-hitting & eye-opening biographical drama."<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2024 |title=Swatantra Veer Savarkar Movie Review |url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/swatantra-veer-savarkar-movie-review-65060.html |website=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref>

Dishya Sharma of ''[[News 18]]'' rated the film 3 out of 5 stars and wrote "In a sea of patriotic films that Bollywood has been releasing in recent years, ''Swatantra Veer Savarkar'' is among the better ones. The production value of the film and the performances keep you seated through the three-hour watch. I wish it was edited well, for there were a few scenes that could have been done away with. This would have given the film a lasting impact."<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Swatantra Veer Savarkar Review: Randeep Hooda's Film Fails to Leave an Impact Despite His Impressive Act |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/swatantra-veer-savarkar-review-randeep-hooda-film-fails-to-leave-an-impact-despite-his-impressive-act-8824485.html |website=[[News 18]] |date=22 March 2024}}</ref> [[Firstpost]] in its review comments, "Randeep Hooda goes into the detailing of the story and makes sure to showcase the tiniest events of Savarkar’s life." It went on to rate the film 3 out of 5.<ref>{{cite web |title=Swatantrya Veer Savarkar movie review: Randeep Hooda packs an impeccable punch in this hard-hitting & eye-opening biographical drama |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/swatantrya-veer-savarkar-movie-review-randeep-hooda-packs-an-impeccable-punch-in-this-hard-hitting-eye-opening-biographical-drama-13751592.html |website=[[Firstpost]] |date=22 March 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{IMDb title|tt14753612}}
*[https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/swatantrya-veer-savarkar/0-0-1z5566630 Swatantrya Veer Savarkar] official page
*{{Bollywood Hungama movie|id=swatantrya-veer-savarkar}}

[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian biographical drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian biographical films]]
[[Category:Films set in the Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Mahatma Gandhi]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of B. R. Ambedkar]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Jawaharlal Nehru]]
[[Category:Films based on Marathi people]]
[[Category:Films set in the British Raj]]
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[[Category:Films set in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
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[[Category:Cultural depictions of Subhas Chandra Bose]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Bhagat Singh]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of George VI]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Winston Churchill]]
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[[Category:Cultural depictions of Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]
[[Category:Works about the Mahatma Gandhi assassination]]
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[[Category:Political controversies in film]]

Punnagai Mannan

2026-05-06T00:37:38Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: adding a entry...

{{Short description|1986 film by K. Balachander}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Punnagai Mannan.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[K. Balachander]]
| writer = K. Balachander
| producer = {{Unbulleted list|Rajam Balachander|Pushpa Kandaswamy}}
| starring = {{Unbulleted list|[[Kamal Haasan]]|[[Revathi]]}}
| cinematography = R. Raghunatha Reddy
| editing = Ganesh–Kumar
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| studio = [[Kavithalayaa Productions]]
| released = {{film date|1986|11|1|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Punnagai Mannan''''' ({{translation|King of smiles}}) is a 1986 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[musical film|musical]] [[romantic drama]] film written and directed by [[K. Balachander]]. The film stars [[Kamal Haasan]] and [[Revathi]] in the lead roles, with [[Srividya]], [[Rekha Harris|Rekha]], [[Delhi Ganesh]], [[R. N. Sudarshan|Sudarshan]] and [[Sundar Krishna Urs]] in supporting roles. Its plot revolves around a man who, after surviving a suicide attempt that killed his lover, finds new love, but their romance faces obstacles.

Haasan pitched to Balachander a story based on a true incident about two lovers' attempted suicide, with only the male surviving. Balachander expanded this story to make ''Punnagai Mannan''. The film was released on 1 November 1986, [[Diwali]] day, and ran for over 25 weeks in theatres, becoming a [[silver jubilee hit]].

== Plot ==
Lovers Sethu and Ranjani arrive at a cliff, where they plan to commit suicide due to opposition to their planned marriage from Ranjani's parents, who rejected Sethu, the son of a drunkard cook, as groom. Ranjani's parents threatened they would kill Sethu or commit suicide. Both Sethu and Ranjani jump from the cliff; Sethu becomes trapped in a tree and survives while Ranjani dies. Despite Ranjani's father's attempts to have Sethu jailed by framing him for having killed Ranjani, there is no evidence to prove it. Sethu is arrested for having attempted suicide.

A year later, Sethu is released. His well-wisher Padmini, who owns a dance school, provides him a job of dance instructor. Sethu regularly visits the cliff in remembrance of Ranjani. On his way there, he sees a girl who attempts suicide and stops her. He later meets the girl in a gallery; when where she introduces herself as Malini, Sethu ignores her. Malini again meets Sethu at a tourist spot where she photographs him without his knowledge. Sethu realises this and destroys her camera. Malini chases Sethu to his school as his student. Sethu repeatedly insults Malini but she falls in love with him.

Malini coincidentally meets Sethu's uncle "Chaplin" Chellapa, who dresses like [[Charlie Chaplin]], and learns of Sethu's failed relationship, which increases her affection for Sethu. Chellapa helps her to win Sethu's affection. Malini is [[Sinhalese people|Sinhalese]], because of which she faces trouble from her classmates, from which Sethu rescues her. Though Sethu regularly humiliates Malini, he begins to like her, and later realises he has started to love her. At the cliff, Sethu takes a sign of blessing from Ranjani for his new love from Ranjani, and confesses his love for Malini and proposes to her.

Malini continues to spend time with Chellapa, whose sense of humour she enjoys. This makes Sethu jealous so he attempts to mimic Chellapa's mannerisms but injures himself. Sethu finds out about Chellapa's own failed relationship, which he tried to forget by wearing a mask of Chaplin. Sethu and Malini unite Chellapa with his former lover Padmini, who never married. Sethu again experiences pressure from Malini's father because Malini is Sinhalese and Sethu is [[Tamils|Tamilian]]. Malini travels from Sri Lanka to Tamil Nadu to join Sethu. Understanding the tight bond between Malini and Sethu, Malini's father approves their marriage.

Ranjani's father hears about Sethu's marriage and intends to kill him. On the day of Sethu's engagement, he gives Sethu's father a basket of apples in which a [[time bomb]] is placed, pretending it is a gift for his son. Sethu's father places the basket in Chellapa's car, in which Sethu and Malini leave to visit Sethu's cliff. Learning of the bomb's presence, Sethu's father and Chellapa try to stop Sethu and Malini but the explosion kills the couple. Chellapa later places flowers on the cliff, the place of their deaths.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Kamal Haasan]] in dual role as:
**Sethu
**"Chaplin" Chellapa
* [[Revathi]] as Malini (Voice dubbed by [[Sulakshana]])
* [[Srividya]] as Padmini<ref name="moviefone" />
* [[Rekha Harris|Rekha]] as Ranjani (Voice dubbed by K.R. Anuradha)
* [[Delhi Ganesh]] as Sethu's father<ref>{{Cite news |last=Joseph |first=Raveena |date=21 February 2016 |title=All in the family |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/all-in-the-family/article8261775.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920200216/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/all-in-the-family/article8261775.ece |archive-date=20 September 2017 |access-date=11 April 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
* [[R. N. Sudarshan|Sudarshan]] as Ranjani's father<ref name="moviefone" />
* [[Sundar Krishna Urs]] as Malini's father<ref name="moviefone" />
* [[Charle]] as Father
* [[Babu Mohan]]
* [[Shihan Hussaini|Hussaini]] as a Sri Lankan Tamil<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajitha |date=21 September 2000 |title=Thenali: A Kisstory! |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/sep/21tamil.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628014104/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/sep/21tamil.htm |archive-date=28 June 2021 |access-date=10 January 2022 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>
* [[G. M. Sundar|Sundar]] as a dance student
* [[C. I. D. Sakunthala]]
* [[K. S. Jayalakshmi]] as Malini's mother
* [[Kalpana Raghavendar|Baby Kalpana]] as a little girl in a store<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 March 2018 |title=என் பாடல்கள் அளவுக்கு முகம் தமிழ் ரசிகர்களுக்குப் பரிச்சயமானதில்லை: கல்பனா ராகவேந்தர்! |trans-title=My face is not familiar to Tamil fans as my songs are: Kalpana Raghavendar! |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/special/2018/mar/16/my-face-is-not-familiar-to-my-fans-singer-kalpana-ragavendhar-2881861.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125203910/http://www.dinamani.com/cinema/special/2018/mar/16/my-face-is-not-familiar-to-my-fans-singer-kalpana-ragavendhar-2881861.html |archive-date=25 November 2018 |access-date=21 August 2020 |work=[[Dinamani]] |language=ta}}</ref>
}}

== Production ==

=== Development ===
[[File:Athirappalli Water Falls 008.JPG|thumb|Athirappily Falls, where many scenes were shot.]]

[[K. Balachander]], who directed the Telugu film ''[[Maro Charitra]]'' (1978) and its Hindi remake ''[[Ek Duuje Ke Liye]]'' (1981), wondered what a new story would be like if it starts from the end of ''Maro Charitra''. [[Kamal Haasan]], who starred in both films, pitched to Balachander a story based on a true incident about two lovers attempting suicide via poison, with the male surviving and the female dying.<ref name="kalki" /> Balachander used these plot elements to make a film in Tamil titled ''Punnagai Mannan''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jha |first=Subhash K |date=25 January 2017 |title=Ek Duuje Ke Liye remake on the cards? |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/250117/ek-duuje-ke-liye-remake-on-the-cards.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311062008/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/250117/ek-duuje-ke-liye-remake-on-the-cards.html |archive-date=11 March 2018 |access-date=11 March 2018 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> By contrast, [[R. Sundaramoorthy]] said the film began production in 1978 with [[Poornima Bhagyaraj|Poornima Jayaram]] but was subsequently dropped.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MwCLUiO0FJw |title=ரஜினிக்கு எப்படி முடி போச்சுனு தெரியுமா? - மேக்கப் மேன் சுந்தரமூர்த்தி |date=14 July 2019 |language=ta |publisher=[[Cinema Vikatan]] |trans-title=Do you know how Rajini lost his hair? - Makeup man Sundaramoorthy |time=24:46 |access-date=24 April 2024 |via=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Balachander described ''Punnagai Mannan'' as a contrast to ''Ek Duuje Ke Liye'' because it "was in response to people who argued why lovers should commit suicide".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=10 February 2006 |title=At 100, going strong |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/at-100-going-strong/article3217145.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227043754/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/at-100-going-strong/article3217145.ece |archive-date=27 February 2018 |access-date=16 October 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

=== Casting and filming ===
Haasan was cast in two roles; Sethu, and his uncle "Chaplin" Chellappa.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 November 2015 |title=கமலும், கதாபாத்திரங்களும் – பிறந்தநாள் ஸ்பெஷல்! |trans-title=Kamal and his characters – Birthday Special! |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/cinema-news/39542/special-report/Kamal-Birthday-Special.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170202142240/http://cinema.dinamalar.com/cinema-news/39542/special-report/Kamal-Birthday-Special.htm |archive-date=2 February 2017 |access-date=10 October 2017 |work=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref> [[Revathi]] was cast as Malini, a Sinhalese girl,<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 February 2015 |title=இயக்குநர்களின் இதயம் தொட்ட காதல் |trans-title=Love that touched the hearts of directors |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/30825-.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200512174750/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/30825--8.html |archive-date=12 May 2020 |access-date=12 May 2020 |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> and her voice was dubbed by [[Sulakshana (actress)|Sulakshana]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 April 2011 |title=Did You Know? |url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrintGifMSIE_PASTISSUES2&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOICH/2011/04/30&ChunkNum=0&ID=Ar03805 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227043754/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToPrintGifMSIE_PASTISSUES2&Type=text%2Fhtml&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOICH%2F2011%2F04%2F30&ChunkNum=0&ID=Ar03805 |archive-date=27 February 2018 |access-date=27 February 2018 |work=[[Chennai Times]] |pages=38}}</ref> [[Rekha Harris|Rekha]]'s character was named Ranjani after the [[Carnatic raga]] of the [[Ranjani|same name]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 February 2011 |title=Did You Know? |url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrintGifMSIE_PASTISSUES2&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOICH/2011/02/13&ChunkNum=0&ID=Ar03802 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227043754/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToPrintGifMSIE_PASTISSUES2&Type=text%2Fhtml&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOICH%2F2011%2F02%2F13&ChunkNum=0&ID=Ar03802 |archive-date=27 February 2018 |access-date=27 February 2018 |work=[[Chennai Times]] |pages=38}}</ref> [[G. M. Sundar]] made his feature-film debut as a dance student.<ref>{{Cite news |last=AP |date=12 October 2001 |title=At last |url=http://www.screenindia.com/20011012/rtam.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011207065748/http://www.screenindia.com/20011012/rtam.html |archive-date=7 December 2001 |access-date=16 March 2022 |work=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]}}</ref> [[Ramesh Aravind]] was cast as Malini's lover in flashbacks, but his scenes did not make the final cut.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Avinash |date=18 July 2020 |title=A rare talent for spotting talent, Actor Ramesh Aravind on K Balachander |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2020/jul/18/a-rare-talent-for-spotting-talent-actor-ramesh-aravind-on-k-balachander-2171233.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507054235/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2020/jul/18/a-rare-talent-for-spotting-talent-actor-ramesh-aravind-on-k-balachander-2171233.html |archive-date=7 May 2021 |access-date=24 September 2023 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Neelima |date=9 September 2014 |title=Sunny Side Up: The Ramesh Aravind Interview |url=https://silverscreen.in/tamil/features/sunny-side-ramesh-aravind-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706173311/https://silverscreen.in/tamil/features/sunny-side-ramesh-aravind-interview/ |archive-date=6 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2017 |website=Silverscreen.in}}</ref>

Many scenes of ''Punnagai Mannan'' were filmed at [[Athirappilly Falls]] at Chalakudy, [[Kerala]] in 27 days.<ref name="kalki" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Menon |first=Hari |date=11 July 2014 |title=Kerala's Rainforest |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/hotels/keralas-rainforest/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716112137/https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/hotels/keralas-rainforest/ |archive-date=16 July 2018 |access-date=10 October 2017 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook Traveller]]}}</ref> Balachander suggested [[Kala Master|Kala]] as a dance choreographer to fill in for [[Raghuram]], her brother-in-law who was busy.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Umashanker |first=Sudha |date=6 October 2003 |title=In her footsteps |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/10/06/stories/2003100600300200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040117200600/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/10/06/stories/2003100600300200.htm |archive-date=17 January 2004 |access-date=16 October 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> [[Suresh Krissna]], who worked as an assistant director, said of the picturisation of the song "Mamavukku", Haasan had the novel idea of lip sync being perfect while dance movements are fast. Krissna later used this idea in one of the song sequences in his film ''[[Annaamalai]]'' (1992).{{Sfn|Krissna|Rangarajan|2012|pp=35–36}} Stills Ravi worked on the production as a [[Unit still photographer|stills photographer]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ravi |first=Stills |date=19 July 2017 |title=A photographer's delight |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/jul/19/a-photographers-delight-1630905.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227050747/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/jul/19/a-photographers-delight-1630905.html |archive-date=27 February 2018 |access-date=27 February 2018 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>

The film includes a scene in which Haasan and Rekha, who was 16 years old at the time, kiss.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramesh |first=Deepika |date=23 January 2013 |title=Should they kiss and tell? |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130123/entertainment-kollywood/article/should-they-kiss-and-tell |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126001920/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130123/entertainment-kollywood/article/should-they-kiss-and-tell |archive-date=26 January 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=25 February 2020 |title=Kamal Haasan should say sorry to Rekha for unplanned kiss |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2020/feb/25/kamal-haasan-should-say-sorry-to-rekha-for-unplanned-kiss-in-punnagai-mannan-demand-netizens-2108350.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226145949/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2020/feb/25/kamal-haasan-should-say-sorry-to-rekha-for-unplanned-kiss-in-punnagai-mannan-demand-netizens-2108350.html |archive-date=26 February 2020 |access-date=26 February 2020 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]]}}</ref> In a 2019 interview, Rekha stated she was not told of the kiss before filming the scene. During the filming, Haasan suddenly grabbed and kissed Rekha on her lips. After the shoot, Rekha protested and asked to remove the scene but the crew did not comply.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L6odqAe0__Y |title=வாய்ப்புக்காக கதாநாயகர்கள் வீட்டு வாசலில் நிற்க முடியாது – Rekha Special Interview |date=6 August 2019 |language=ta |publisher=[[Chitra Lakshmanan|Touring Talkies]] |trans-title=Heroes cannot stand outside houses seeking chances |time=12:14 |access-date=9 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009044836/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L6odqAe0__Y |archive-date=9 October 2019 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> After Rekha's revelation, many people, including singer [[Chinmayi Sripada]], considered Haasan's actions an act of sexual harassment.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sampath |first=Janani |date=10 March 2020 |title=When violation cannot be justified as artistic manipulation |url=https://thefederal.com/the-eighth-column/when-violation-cannot-be-justified-as-artistic-manipulation/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130083358/https://thefederal.com/the-eighth-column/when-violation-cannot-be-justified-as-artistic-manipulation/ |archive-date=30 January 2024 |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=[[The Federal]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2020 |title=Chinmayi on Rekha's revelation about Punnagai Mannan kissing scene |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/chinmayi-on-rekhas-revelation-about-punnagai-mannan-kissing-scene/articleshow/74302265.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624193713/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/chinmayi-on-rekhas-revelation-about-punnagai-mannan-kissing-scene/articleshow/74302265.cms |archive-date=24 June 2023 |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Main|Punnagai Mannan (soundtrack)}}
[[Ilaiyaraaja]] composed the soundtrack for ''Punnagai Mannan'' and [[Vairamuthu]] wrote the lyrics for most of the songs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Punnagai Mannan (1986) |url=http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=T0000147 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304132120/http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=T0000147 |archive-date=4 March 2012 |access-date=3 March 2012 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Punnagai Mannan Tamil Film LP Vinyl Record by Ilayaraja |url=https://mossymart.com/product/punnagai-mannan-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja-4/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702041350/https://mossymart.com/product/punnagai-mannan-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja-4/ |archive-date=2 July 2021 |access-date=2 July 2021 |website=Mossymart}}</ref> [[A. R. Rahman]], who was then known as Dileep, played synthesizer on the soundtrack. ''Punnagai Mannan'' was one of the earliest Tamil films in which a [[Music sequencer|sequencer]] was used.{{sfn|Kamini|2009|pp=53–54}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maderya |first=Kumuthan |date=7 December 2021 |title=Once Upon A Time in Kollywood: Ilaiyaraaja And The Electro-Synth Pop Revolution In Tamil Film Music |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/ilaiyaraaja-tamil-songs-once-upon-a-time-in-kollywood-the-electro-synth-pop-revolution-in-tamil-film-music-vikram-agni-natchathiram |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321004032/https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/ilaiyaraaja-tamil-songs-once-upon-a-time-in-kollywood-the-electro-synth-pop-revolution-in-tamil-film-music-vikram-agni-natchathiram |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=11 July 2023 |website=[[Film Companion]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=15 April 1986 |title=Tamil film music director Illaya Raaja goes hi-tech |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/19860415-tamil-film-music-director-illaya-raaja-goes-hi-tech-800755-1986-04-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410104715/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/19860415-tamil-film-music-director-illaya-raaja-goes-hi-tech-800755-1986-04-15 |archive-date=10 April 2022 |access-date=10 April 2022 |work=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> According to Ilaiyaraaja's son [[Karthik Raja]], a [[Yamaha CX5M]] system was used around the time of the making of the film.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Naig |first=Udhav |date=1 November 2013 |title=The reign of Raja |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-reign-of-raja/article5302447.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140830184329/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-reign-of-raja/article5302447.ece |archive-date=30 August 2014 |access-date=16 October 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Release and reception ==
''Punnagai Mannan'' was released on 1 November 1986, [[Diwali]] day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 November 1986 |title=Punnagai Mannan |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19861101&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=21 October 2017 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=7 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The film faced issues with the [[Central Board of Film Certification|censor board]], who cut roughly {{convert|500|feet|metres}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=9 July 2020 |title='KB Sir Used To Say That This Is Not The Rajinikanth I Found': Kavithalaya Krishnan |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/interviews/tamil-movies-k-balachander-sir-kept-saying-that-this-is-not-the-rajnikanth-i-found-kavithalaya-krishnan-baradwaj-rangan-kamal-haasan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730183243/https://www.filmcompanion.in/interviews/tamil-movies-k-balachander-sir-kept-saying-that-this-is-not-the-rajnikanth-i-found-kavithalaya-krishnan-baradwaj-rangan-kamal-haasan |archive-date=30 July 2023 |access-date=30 July 2023 |website=[[Film Companion]]}}</ref> On 14 November, ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote, "though the film was captivating, it did not seem to have much value as a thing of the past, as memory. And that is because both the plot and character are one-dimensional".<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 November 1986 |title=Glossy, classy, jazzy |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=o4RlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=tZ4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1932%2C42456 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424154012/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=o4RlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=tZ4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1932%2C42456 |archive-date=24 April 2024 |access-date=24 April 2024 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=14 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref> [[Subha (writers)|Jayamanmadhan]] of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' negatively reviewed the film, particularly the climax, comparing it unfavourably with Balachander's earlier films.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஜெயமன்மதன் |author-link=Subha (writers) |date=23 November 1986 |title=புன்னகை மன்னன் |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1986/nov/23-11-1986/p31.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220729123222/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1986/nov/23-11-1986/p31.jpg |archive-date=29 July 2022 |access-date=9 November 2021 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=31 |language=ta}}</ref> Despite competition from other Diwali releases including ''[[Maaveeran (1986 film)|Maaveeran]]'',{{sfn|Ramachandran|2014|pp=111–112}} ''[[Palaivana Rojakkal]]'',<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 December 2017 |title=Rajinikanth turns 67: More than moondru mugam |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/dec/11/rajinikanth-turns-67-more-than-moondru-mugam-1724738.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180420112329/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/dec/11/rajinikanth-turns-67-more-than-moondru-mugam-1724738.html |archive-date=20 April 2018 |access-date=26 July 2019 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> ''[[Aruvadai Naal]]'' and ''[[Kannukku Mai Ezhuthu]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2023 |title=ஒரே நாளில் வெளியான 2 திரைப்படங்கள்.. மணிவண்ணன் - சத்யராஜ் சம்பவங்கள்! |trans-title=2 films released on the same day.. Manivannan-Sathyaraj incidents! |url=https://tamil.news18.com/news/entertainment/cinema-directed-by-manivannan-and-starring-sathyaraj-two-films-released-on-the-same-day-in-1986-diwali-887226.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311084625/https://tamil.news18.com/news/entertainment/cinema-directed-by-manivannan-and-starring-sathyaraj-two-films-released-on-the-same-day-in-1986-diwali-887226.html |archive-date=11 March 2024 |access-date=11 March 2024 |website=[[News18]] |language=ta}}</ref> ''Punnagai Mannan'' became a [[silver jubilee hit]], running for over 25 weeks in theatres.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 July 2013 |title=Did You Know? |url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrintGifMSIE_PASTISSUES2&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOICH/2013/07/07&ChunkNum=0&ID=Ar04203 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010160403/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToPrintGifMSIE_PASTISSUES2&Type=text%2Fhtml&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOICH%2F2013%2F07%2F07&ChunkNum=0&ID=Ar04203 |archive-date=10 October 2017 |access-date=27 February 2018 |work=[[Chennai Times]] |pages=42}}</ref>

== Other versions ==
''Punnagai Mannan'' was later dubbed into [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''Dance Master'' and into [[Hindi]] as ''Chacha Charlie''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 September 2016 |title=Kamal Haasan to return to work in November |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/140916/kamal-haasan-to-return-to-work-in-november.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021113032/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/140916/kamal-haasan-to-return-to-work-in-november.html |archive-date=21 October 2017 |access-date=21 October 2017 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sing |first=Bobby |date=13 June 2021 |title=CinemaScope: The lesser known sequel of Ek Duuje Ke Liye |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/cinemascope-the-lesser-known-sequel-of-ek-duuje-ke-liye |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613034742/https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/cinemascope-the-lesser-known-sequel-of-ek-duuje-ke-liye |archive-date=13 June 2021 |access-date=1 July 2021 |work=[[The Free Press Journal]]}}</ref>

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="moviefone">{{Cite web |title=Punnagai Mannan {{!}} Cast and Crew |url=https://www.moviefone.com/movie/punnagai-mannan/CR9oI3y1OlDRyYX94DmXQ5/credits/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701114728/https://www.moviefone.com/movie/punnagai-mannan/CR9oI3y1OlDRyYX94DmXQ5/credits/ |archive-date=1 July 2021 |access-date=1 July 2021 |website=[[Moviefone]]}}</ref>
<ref name="kalki">{{Cite magazine |last=பாலச்சந்தர் |first=கே. |author-link=K. Balachander |date=26 February 1995 |title=நினைவலைகள் – 30 |trans-title=Reminiscences – 30 |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki1995-02-26/kalki1995-02-26.pdf |access-date=25 April 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=58–60 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
</references>

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last1=Krissna |first1=Suresh |author-link=Suresh Krissna |title=My Days with Baasha |last2=Rangarajan |first2=Malathi |publisher=Westland Ltd. |year=2012 |isbn=978-93-8162-629-0}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kamini |first=Mathai |title=A. R. Rahman: The Musical Storm |title-link=A. R. Rahman: The Musical Storm |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-670-08371-8 |location=India}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |author-link=Naman Ramachandran |title=Rajinikanth: The Definitive Biography |title-link=Rajinikanth: The Definitive Biography |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-81-8475-796-5 |orig-date=2012}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{K. Balachander}}
{{Kavithalaya Productions}}

[[Category:1980s dance films]]
[[Category:1980s romantic musical films]]
[[Category:1986 films]]
[[Category:1986 Indian films]]
[[Category:1986 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:1986 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Censored films]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Charlie Chaplin]]
[[Category:Film censorship in India]]
[[Category:Films about suicide]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Balachander]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thrissur]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by K. Balachander]]
[[Category:Indian dance films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic musical films]]
[[Category:Obscenity controversies in film]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic musical films]]
[[Category:Works subject to expurgation]]

Ram Chander Tiwari

2026-05-02T22:45:42Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: adding a info

{{Short description|Lieutenant general in the Indian Army}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]]
| name = Ram Chander Tiwari
| honorific_suffix = {{Post-nominals|country=IND|size=90%|PVSM|UYSM|AVSM|SM}}
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = File:Lt Gen RC Tiwari.png
| image_size = 230px
| alt =
| caption =
| office = [[Eastern Command (India)|General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Command]]
| term_start = 1 January 2024
| term_end = 31 March 2026
| 1blankname = [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of Army Staff]]
| 1namedata = [[Manoj Pande (general)|Manoj Pande]] [[Upendra Dwivedi]]
| predecessor = [[Rana Pratap Kalita]]
| successor = [[V. M. Bhuvana Krishnan]]
| birth_date = 
| death_date = 
| birth_place =
| death_place =
| placeofburial =
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial_coordinates = 
| nickname =
| birth_name =
| allegiance = {{IND}}
| branch = {{army|India}}
| service_years = 13 June 1987 – 31 March 2026
| rank = [[File:Lieutenant General of the Indian Army.svg|20px]] [[Lieutenant General (India)|Lieutenant General]]
| military_blank1 = Service number
| military_data1 = IC-44498L <ref>{{Cite web| title=List of personnel being conferred gallantry and distinguished awards on the occasion of republic day | year=2023 | url=https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/specificdocs/documents/2023/jan/doc2023125154901.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125140604/https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/specificdocs/documents/2023/jan/doc2023125154901.pdf | archive-date=2023-01-25}}</ref>
| unit = [[File:Kumaon Regiment, Indian Army.svg|20px]] [[Kumaon Regiment|4 Kumaon Regiment]]
| commands = {{plainlist|
* [[File:Eastern Command, Indian Army.png|21px]] [[Eastern Command (India)|Eastern Command]]
* Uttar Bharat Area
* [[File:III Corps (India).png|21px]] [[III Corps (India)|III Corps]]
* [[File:Formation badge of the 17th Mountain Division of the Indian Army.png|21px]] [[17th Infantry Division (India)|17th Infantry Division]]
* [[File:Kumaon Regiment, Indian Army.svg|20px]] [[Kumaon Regiment|4 Kumaon Regiment]]
}}
| battles =
| battles_label =
| military_blank2 = Awards
| military_data2 = {{plainlist|
*[[File:Param Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]
*[[File:Uttam_Yudh_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Uttam Yudh Seva Medal]]
*[[File:Ati Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
*[[File:Sena_Medal_ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Sena Medal]]
}}
| spouse =
| relations =
| laterwork =
| signature =
| website =
| other_name =
| memorials =
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| module =
| alma_mater =
}}
[[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]] '''Ram Chander Tiwari,''' [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[Uttam Yudh Seva Medal|UYSM]], [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal|AVSM]], [[Sena Medal|SM]] is a retired [[general officer]] of the [[Indian Army]]. He last served as the [[General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Command|General Officer Commanding (GOC)-in-Chief Eastern Command]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Lieutenant General RC Tiwari appointed as new Eastern Army Commander |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/lt-general-rc-tiwari-new-eastern-army-commander-2477554-2023-12-18 |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=India Today |date=18 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> He previously served as the [[General officer commanding|GOC]] Uttar Bharat Area,<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=On assuming command of Uttar Bharat Area, Lt Gen RC Tiwari paid tributes to the brave hearts who sacrificed their lives in the service of the nation |url=https://x.com/UBArea_IA/status/1642909320756043776 |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=X (formerly Twitter)}}</ref> and before that as GOC [[III Corps (India)|III Corps]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=ANI |date=2022-03-02 |title=Lt Gen RC Tiwari takes over as General Officer Commanding of Spear Corps |url=https://theprint.in/india/lt-gen-rc-tiwari-takes-over-as-general-officer-commanding-of-spear-corps/855572/ |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> He earlier held the appointment of Chief of Staff of the [[South Western Command (India)|South Western Command]].

== Early life and education ==
Tiwari is an alumnus of [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy, Khadakwasla]] and the [[Indian Military Academy|Indian Military Academy, Dehradun]]. He has attended the [[Defence Services Staff College]], Higher Defence Management Course and [[National Defence College (India)|National Defence College, New Delhi]]. He is also a graduate of Swiss Army Chemical Warfare School and [[United States Army Infantry School|US Army Infantry School]], Fort Benning, USA.<ref name=":2">https://indianarmy.nic.in/leaders/leaders-site-main/army-commanders{{Dead link | date=August 2025 | fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>

== Military career ==
He was commissioned into the 4th battalion of the [[Kumaon Regiment]] on 13 June 1987 from the [[Indian Military Academy]]. Tiwari served as a Brigade Major of a mountain brigade along Northern Borders. He also served a [[Rashtriya Rifles]] battalion as 2IC and commanded his battalion in active counter-insurgency area of Assam (OP RHINO).<ref name=":2" />

He served three tenures in Military Operations Directorate, Col General Staff of a Mountain Division in High Altitude in J&K, DDG KRA Cell in COAS Sectt and Dy MS in Military Secretary's Branch. He then served twice with the United Nations, first as a [[Military observer|Military Observer]] and later as Deputy Chief of Staff at Force HQ in [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].<ref name=":2" />

He commanded a mountain brigade in North Sikkim, wherein he was rewarded with [[Sena Medal]]. He also commanded the [[17th Infantry Division (India)|17th Infantry Division]] along the Line of Actual Control, wherein he was awarded [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]].<ref name=":2" />

After being promoted to the rank of [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]], he was appointed as the Chief of Staff of the [[South Western Command (India)|South Western Command]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=HOMAGE PAID TO BRAVEHEARTS AT PRERNA STHAL JAIPUR ON THE OCCASSION [sic] OF 75th INFANTRY DAY :: Pressnote.in : Printer Friendly Page |url=https://www.pressnote.in/print.php?pid=449665 |access-date=2024-08-16 |website=www.pressnote.in}}</ref> In March 2022, he took over as the GOC of [[III Corps (India)|III Corps]] in the Eastern Theatre.<ref name=":1" /> Tiwari was awarded [[Uttam Yudh Seva Medal]] for his distinguished service while commanding [[III Corps (India)|III Corps]] in Eastern Theatre.<ref name=":4" /> A year later in April 2023, Tiwari took over the command of Uttar Bharat Area.<ref name=":3" />

On 1 January 2024, he took over as the [[General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Command]] succeeding [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]] [[Rana Pratap Kalita]] who superannuated on 31 December 2023.<ref name=":0" />

==Awards and decorations==
Tiwari has been awarded with the [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]] in 2025,<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=President approves Gallantry awards to 93 Armed Forces personnel, including 11 posthumous & 305 defence decorations on the eve of Republic Day 2025 |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2096200 |access-date=25 January 2025 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> the [[Uttam Yudh Seva Medal]] in 2023,<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=President approves 412 Gallantry awards and other defence decorations to Armed Forces personnel on Republic Day |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1893742 |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> the [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]] and the [[Sena Medal]].
{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|[[File:Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|frameless|105x105px]]
|[[File:Uttam_Yudh_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|105x105px]]
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ati Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|[[File:Sena_Medal_ribbon.svg|frameless|105x105px]]
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND Samanya Seva medal.svg|width=106}}
|[[File:IND Special Service Medal Ribbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND_Operation_Parakram_medal.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND Sainya Seva Medal Ribbon.svg|105px]]
|-
|[[File:IND_High_Altitude_Medal_Ribbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND Videsh Seva Medal Ribbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:75yearmedal.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND 50th Anniversary Independence medal.svg|105px]]
|-
|[[File:IND 30 Years Long Service Ribbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND 20YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND 9YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:UN MONUC Medal ribbon.svg|105px]]
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;" | colspan="4" |
|-
|colspan="1"| [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]
|colspan="1"| [[Uttam Yudh Seva Medal]]
|colspan="1"|[[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
|[[Sena Medal]]
|-
| [[Samanya Seva Medal]]
| [[Special Service Medal (India)|Special Service Medal]]
| [[Operation Parakram Medal]]
| [[Sainya Seva Medal]]
|-
| [[High Altitude Medal]]
| [[Videsh Seva Medal]]
| [[75th Independence Anniversary Medal (India)|75th Independence Anniversary Medal]]
| [[50th Independence Anniversary Medal]]
|-
| [[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|30 Years Long Service Medal]]
| [[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|20 Years Long Service Medal]]
| [[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|9 Years Long Service Medal]]
| [[MONUSCO]]
|}

==Dates of rank==
{|class="wikitable" style="background:white"
! Insignia !! Rank !! Component !! Date of rank
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Second Lieutenant of the Indian Army.svg|35px]] || [[Second Lieutenant]] || [[Indian Army]] || 13 June 1987
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Lieutenant_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Lieutenant]] || [[Indian Army]] || 13 June 1989<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=471 |date=30 March 1991 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/(S(ns1zkytbmodc3radid0qzu4x))/ViewPDF.aspx |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Captain_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]] || [[Indian Army]] || 13 June 1992<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=759 |date=24 April 1993 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/(S(ns1zkytbmodc3radid0qzu4x))/ViewPDF.aspx |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Major_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Major (rank)|Major]] || [[Indian Army]] || 13 June 1998<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=1619 |date=24 October 1998 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1998/O-0156-1998-0043-5141.pdf |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Lieutenant_Colonel_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Lieutenant-Colonel]] || [[Indian Army]] || 16 December 2004<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=2424 |date=3 December 2005 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/(S(ns1zkytbmodc3radid0qzu4x))/ViewPDF.aspx |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Colonel_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Colonel (India)|Colonel]] || [[Indian Army]] || 1 January 2008<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=265 |date=20 February 2010 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/(S(ns1zkytbmodc3radid0qzu4x))/ViewPDF.aspx |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Brigadier_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Brigadier (India)|Brigadier]] || [[Indian Army]] || 7 June 2013 (acting) 1 April 2014 (substantive, with seniority from 8 January 2012)<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=142 |date=9 January 2016 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/(S(ns1zkytbmodc3radid0qzu4x))/ViewPDF.aspx |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Major_General_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Major general (India)|Major General]] || [[Indian Army]] || 18 February 2019 (seniority from 1 January 2018)<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=2964 |date=25 December 2021 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2021/232121.pdf |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Lieutenant_General_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant-General]] || [[Indian Army]] ||27 September 2021<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=5486 |date=13 December 2025 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2025/268466.pdf |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef|before= [[Rana Pratap Kalita]]}}
{{s-ttl|title= [[General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Command]] |years=1 January 2024 – present}}
{{s-inc|after = [[V. M. Bhuvana Krishnan]]}}
{{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[Johnson P Mathew]]}}
{{s-ttl| title = [[General Officer Commanding]] Uttar Bharat Area| years = April 2023 - 31 December 2023}}
{{s-aft| after = Zubin A. Minwalla}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[General officer commanding]] [[III Corps (India)|III Corps]]|years= 2 March 2022 – 5 March 2023}}
{{s-aft|after=H. S. Sahi}}
{{s-end}}

[[Category:Indian generals]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sena Medal]]
[[Category:National Defence Academy (India) alumni]]
[[Category:Defence Services Staff College alumni]]
[[Category:College of Defence Management alumni]]
[[Category:National Defence College, India alumni]]

2015 Uttar Pradesh train accident

2026-05-02T10:07:40Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur:

{{Short description|Railway incident in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{bots|deny=Citation bot}}
{{Infobox public transit accident
| name = 2015 Uttar Pradesh derailment

| image =
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| date = 20 March 2015
| time = 09:10
| location = Bachhrawan, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh
| location_dir =
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| country = India
| line = [[Varanasi-Rae Bareli-Lucknow line]]
| operator = [[Indian Railways]]
| owner =
| service =
| type = Derailment
| cause = Under investigation, brake failure suspected and overshot a red signal

| bus =
| trains = 1 ([[Varanasi Dehradun Express|Dehradun Varanasi ''Janata Express'']])
| vehicles = [[WDM-3D]] diesel locomotive
| passengers = 400+
| crew = 85
| pedestrians =
| deaths = 58
| injuries = 150+
| damage = [[WDM-3D]] and 2 carriages derailed and 1 carriage crushed and flattened
| property =

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| footnotes =
}}
The '''2015 Uttar Pradesh train accident''' occurred on 20 March 2015. The [[Varanasi Dehradun Express|Dehradun Varanasi ''Janata Express'']] (train number 14266) derailed near Bachhrawan in [[Raebareli]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], northern India, resulting in at least 58 deaths and 150 people being injured. The accident was attributed to brake failure.

==Accident==
At 09:10 [[India Standard Time|local time]] (03:40 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]) on 20 March 2015,<ref name=NDTV748171>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/train-derails-in-uttar-pradeshs-bachharwan-748171?pfrom=home-lateststories |title=32 Die as Train Derails Near Rae Bareli in Uttar Pradesh, 50 People Injured |first=Niha |last=Mahesh |publisher=[[NDTV India]]|accessdate=20 March 2015}}</ref> a passenger train overshot a signal at {{rws|Bachhrawan}}, Uttar Pradesh, India. The locomotive and two carriages were derailed. The train was reported to be carrying more than 400 passengers and 85 members of staff.<ref name=Reuters200315>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/india-accident-idUSKBN0MG1K020150320 |title=Indian train accident kills at least 30, leaves 50 injured |first=Sharat |last=Pradhan |date=20 March 2015 |agency=Reuters|accessdate=20 March 2015}}</ref> The train was the ''Janata Express'' from {{rws|Dehradun}} to [[Varanasi Junction railway station|Varanasi]].<ref name=BBC31979496/> The driver reported by radio that his brakes had failed, and that he could not stop the train. It was diverted into a siding and crashed through the buffers at Bachhrawan.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}} Photographs show that the carriage next to the locomotive was severely telescoped,<ref name=BBC31979496>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-31979496 |title=India train accident kills at least 34 in Uttar Pradesh |publisher=BBC News |date=20 March 2015 |accessdate=20 March 2015}}</ref> it was reported to have been packed with passengers.<ref name=Hindu701486>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/6-killed-several-injured-in-up-train-derailment/article7014856.ece?homepage=true |title=34 killed as train derails in Rae Bareli |first=Sandeep |last=Joshi |work=The Hindu |date=20 March 2015 |accessdate=20 March 2015}}</ref> Fifty-eight people were killed, and more than 150 injured.<ref name=IBN535066>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/30-dead-150-injured-as-three-coaches-of-janta-express-train-derail-in-raebareli/535066-3-242.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150322234311/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/30-dead-150-injured-as-three-coaches-of-janta-express-train-derail-in-raebareli/535066-3-242.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 March 2015 |title=30 dead, 150 injured as three coaches of Janta Express train derail in Raebareli |first=Marya |last=Shakil |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |accessdate=20 March 2015}}</ref> A preliminary report by the [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Ministry of Civil Aviation]] cited 39 dead and 38 injured passengers.<ref name="prelim">{{cite web |title=Preliminary Report About Inquiry into the Derailment of 14266 Down Dehradun-Varanasi Janata Express at Baccharawan Station Near Raibareli in UP |publisher=Ministry of Civil Aviation |accessdate=10 February 2016 |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=118265}}</ref> A team of doctors from the [[King George's Medical University]] in Lucknow was dispatched to the scene of the accident.<ref name=NDTV748171/> The injured were taken to the King George's Medical University and [[Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences]] in Lucknow, or to a hospital in [[Rae Bareli]].<ref name=TOI46632031>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/30-dead-150-injured-as-train-derails-in-UPs-Rae-Bareli/articleshow/46632031.cms? |title=38 dead, 150 injured as train derails in UP's Rae Bareli |first1=Shailvee |last1=Sharda |first2=Yusra |last2=Husain |work=The Times of India |accessdate=20 March 2015}}</ref>

==Investigation==
An investigation was opened into the accident by the [[Commission of Railway Safety]]. Brake failure was stated by unidentified railway sources as the cause of the accident.<ref name=NDTV748171/> The train's driver and guard were seen by witnesses signalling that there was a problem with the train.<ref name=TOI46632031/>

Provisional findings of the Commission of Railway Safety discussed on a conference in October 2015 report a "discontinuity of brake pipe pressure between the train engine and the trailing load of passenger coaches caused by wrong position of additional cut out cock provided in the brake pipe of the locomotive which is not having the safety features specified in the design against inadvertent or unauthorized operation".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agenda for CME's Conference |url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/mec_engg/downloads/Traction/2015/Agenda_CME_conf_061015.pdf |website=indianrailways.gov.in}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of Indian rail incidents]]
*[[List of rail accidents (2010–2019)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{2015 railway accidents}}
{{Disasters in India in 2015}}

{{coord|26.4775|N|81.1046|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Uttar Pradesh train accident, 2015}}
[[Category:2015 disasters in India]]
[[Category:Railway accidents in 2015]]
[[Category:Railway accidents and incidents in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:2010s in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Derailments in India]]
[[Category:March 2015 in India]]
[[Category:Raebareli district]]

P. K. Narayanan Nambiar

2026-05-01T09:48:07Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: adding details...

{{Short description|Indian musician (1927–2023)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{confused|Nambi Narayanan}}
{{Infobox person
| name = P. K. Narayanan Nambiar
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1927|05|26}}
| birth_place = Killikurissimangalam, [[Palakkad district]], [[British Raj]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2023|11|15|1927|05|26}}
| death_place = [[Palakkad]], [[Kerala]], India
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername = Panivaada Thilakan Narayan Nambiar
| occupation = Musician, artist, author
| yearsactive =
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| children = Dr. P.K. Jayanthi Unnikrishnan Nambiar Harish Nambiar Vasanthi Narayanan
| parents = [[Mani Madhava Chakiar]]
| website =
| awards = [[Padmashri]] [[Kerala Kalamandalam]] Fellowship [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi]] Award Nritha Natya Puraskaram
}}

'''Paanivadathilakan P. K. Narayanan Nambiar''' (26 May 1927 – 15 November 2023) was an Indian musician, known for his virtuosity in [[Mizhavu]], a traditional percussion instrument and his scholarship in the art of [[Koodiyattom]]. He is considered to be one of the masters of Koodiyattom. In 2008, he was awarded [[Padmashri]] by Government of India for his services to the art.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2015 | access-date=21 July 2015 | archive-date=15 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Biography==
P. K. Narayanan Nambiar was born during the [[British Raj]] in Killikurissimangalam, in Palakkad, Kerala famous [[koodiyattom]] maestro [[Mani Madhava Chakiar]] and Kochampilli Kunjimalu Nangiaramma, a known Nangiarkoothu artist on 26 May 1927.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=PK Narayanan Nambiar passed away: കൂടിയാട്ടം ആചാര്യൻ പി കെ നാരായണൻ നമ്പ്യാർ അന്തരിച്ചു |url=https://malayalam.indiatoday.in/keralam/story/kodiyattam-acharya-pk-narayanan-nambiar-passed-away-711804-2023-11-16 |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=India Today Malayalam |language=ml}}</ref> He did his early schooling in [[gurukula]] system in Killikkurissimangalam under the tutelage of his father. Later, he started learning koodiyattom from his father and gurus like Kochampilli Raman Nambiar and Meledath Govindan Nambiar<ref name="mykerala">{{cite web|url=http://www.mykerala.net/mizhavu/NarayananNambiar.html|author=Prem Manasvi|publisher=mykerala.net|title=Mizhavu Guru P.K. Narayanan Nambiar|access-date=29 January 2017}}</ref> and mastered the art of playing ''mizhavu''.

Nambiar's debut was at the Kottakkal Kovilakam Siva temple in [[Malappuram]] in 1948, at the age of 21. He started his career as a Kutiyattam actor in 1954 at Lakkidi Kunjan Memorial Library where he played [[Arjuna]] in ''Subradhananjayam'', which was the first time the art of Koodiyattom was performed outside the four walls of a temple. Nambiar, was the first person outside the caste of ''Chakiar'' to perform as an actor in Koodiyattom. In 1966, he joined [[Kerala Kalamandalam]], as the [[Guru]] of mizhavu. Known mizhavu performers such as Easwaran Unni, V.K.K. Hariharan and Edanadu Unnikrishnan Nambiar were his students in Kalamandalm.<ref name="thehindu">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/dance/masterly-movements-and-strokes/article2050728.ece|publisher=thehindu.com|title=Masterly movements and strokes - The Hindu|newspaper=The Hindu |date=26 May 2011 |access-date=29 January 2017}}</ref>

Nambiar was married to Santha Nangiaramma, a performer in her younger days. He has two sons and two daughters, all of them are known artists. His daughter, Vasanthi Narayanan is an exponent of both Koodiyattom and Nangiarkoothu and performs as a member of the gurukulam while the second daughter, Dr. C.K. Jayanthi is a Sanskrit scholar with specialisation in koodiyattom serving at the Sanskrit University. Both the sons, Unnikrishnan Nambiar and Harish Nambiar are well-known [[mizhavu]], [[koothu]] and [[pathakam]] artists. In fact Harish is the only non-Chakyar to perform the intricate ''Mantrankam''.<ref name="thehindu"/>

Nambiar died on 15 November 2023, at the age of 96.<ref name=":0"/>

==Legacy==
[[File:Mizhavu.jpg|thumb|Mizhavu]]
Narayanan Nambiar is credited with evolving a scheme for imparting systematic training on the mizhavu during his time at kalamandalam where he served until his retirement in 1988. He developed a unique form of [[jugalbandi]] involving mizhavu and [[edakka]], another percussion instrument called ''Mizhavu Thayambaka''. He is also admired for his efforts and contributions in reviving [[Nangiar Koothu]], the female aspect of Koodiyattam, which is a female solo performance.<ref name="keralatourism">{{cite web|url=https://www.keralatourism.org/leadinglights/guru-panivada-tilaka-p-k-narayanan-nambiar/2|publisher=keralatourism.org|title=Guru Panivada Tilaka P. K. Narayanan Nambiar - a Mizhavu maestro | Kerala Tourism|access-date=29 January 2017|archive-date=3 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503165916/https://www.keralatourism.org/leadinglights/guru-panivada-tilaka-p-k-narayanan-nambiar/2|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Nambiar authored several ''Attaprakarams'' (Stage Manuals) for Koodiiyattom such as the staging of ''Kaliyaankam'', the performance manual of which was composed over 400 years ago. He also initiated a new dance form in the play called ''Hallisakam''. He was also noted for his contribution in the form of the reworked version of ''Matha Vilasom Prahasanam'', a 400-year-old Koodiyattom play which was re-constructed and choreographed to give a new style of presentation.

Nambiar later ran a school of arts, ''Padmashri Madhava Chakyar Gurukulam'' which is considered a seat of learning for Koodiyattom by [[Lalit Kala Akademi]].<ref name="kutiyattam">{{cite web|url=http://www.kutiyattam.com/index-3.html|publisher=kutiyattam.com|title=index-3|access-date=29 January 2017|archive-date=28 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028064655/http://kutiyattam.com/index-3.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Awards==
* [[Padmashri]] by Government of India
* Fellowship by [[Kalamandalam]]
* [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]] (1993)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.keralaculture.org/koothu-koodiyattam-krishnanattam-a-ksna/469|title=Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award: Koothu - Kooditattam - Krishnanattam|publisher=Department of Cultural Affairs, Government of Kerala|access-date=26 February 2023}}</ref>
* ''Nritha Natya Puraskaram'' by Kerala State Government<ref name="newindianexpress">{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/article83636.ece?service=print|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503170020/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/article83636.ece?service=print|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 May 2014|publisher=newindianexpress.com|title=Nritha-Natya Puraskaram for Narayanan Nambiar- The New Indian Express|access-date=29 January 2017}}</ref>
* [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award|Central Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]<ref name="SNA Awardees' List">{{cite web | url=http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm | title=SNA Awardees' List | publisher=Sangeet Natak Akademi | date=2016 | access-date=5 February 2016 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530204253/http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm | archive-date=30 May 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Works==
* ''Mantrankam koothu'' – based on the third act of [[Bhasa]]'s ''Prathinja Yougandharayana''
* ''Sreekrishnancharitam Nangiarkoothu'' – based on ''Subhadradhananjayam''
* ''Taalam'' in Koodiyattom – considered to be the only authentic work of its kind.<ref name="mykerala"/>

Narayanan Nambiar has also contributed to the literature of Koodiyattom by way of articles including over 30 seminar papers and has also traced out 25 unknown manuscripts in Sanskrit.<ref name="thehindu"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://gspaul.com/article111.html Life sketch]
* {{YouTube|BS_2RX0JUPU|Kairali TV documentary}}
* [https://www.amazon.com/Mizhavu-Thayambaka-Divine-Sonata-Video/dp/8188698113 Mizhavu Thayambaka]
* [http://www.kutiyattam.com/index-3.html Gurukulam web site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028064655/http://kutiyattam.com/index-3.html |date=28 October 2016 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140503165743/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/03/25/stories/2005032502310300.htm in The Hindu daily]
* {{discogs artist|P.K. Narayanan Nambiar}}

{{Padma Award winners of Kerala}}
{{Sangeet Natak Akademi Award Winners of Kerala}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nambiar, P. K. Narayanan}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Indian percussionists]]
[[Category:Musicians from Palakkad]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian musicians]]
[[Category:Koodiyattam dancers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]]

Gandarvakottai Assembly constituency

2026-04-24T17:00:26Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: creating new info.

{{Short description|One of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 178
| map_image = Constitution-Gandharvakottai.svg
| established = 1957
| district = [[Pudukottai district|Pudukottai]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Tiruchirappalli Lok Sabha constituency|Tiruchirappalli]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| party = {{Party index link|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Secular Progressive Alliance}}
| mla = [[M. Chinnadurai]]
| latest_election_year = [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| name = Gandarvakottai
| electors = 196,024
| reservation = SC
}}

'''Gandarvakottai''' is a state assembly constituency in [[Pudukkottai district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It was in existence from 1957 to 1971 state elections, and reappeared after the 2008 delimitation. It is a part of [[Tiruchirappalli Lok Sabha constituency]]. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
=== Madras State ===
{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|rowspan=2| [[R. Krishnasami Gopalar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
| [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| R. R. Durai
|-
|}

=== Tamil Nadu ===
{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
| [[Durai Govindarajan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|}

==== After delimitation ====
'''[[Gandarvakottai]] (SC)''' constituency was formed again after the constituency delimitations in 2008.<ref>{{cite web |title=New Constituencies, Post-Delimitation 2008 |url=http://www.elections.tn.nic.in/forms/int3.pdf |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tamil Nadu |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515102633/http://elections.tn.nic.in/forms/int3.pdf |archive-date=2012-05-15 }}</ref> It is included in [[Tiruchirappalli Lok Sabha constituency]].

{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| [[N. Subramanian]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| B. Arumugam
|-
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| [[M. Chinnadurai]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS22178.htm?ac=178 |title=Election Commission of India |website=results.eci.gov.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518023713/https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS22178.htm?ac=178 |archive-date=2021-05-18}}</ref>
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|44.65}}
{{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|43.84}}
{{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|54.85}}
{{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|57.59}}
{{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|52.68}}
{{bar percent|[[#1962|1962]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|41.99}}
{{bar percent|[[#1957|1957]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|46.03}}
}}

=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Gandarvakottai}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Chinnadurai]]|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Udhayakumar|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Nadhiya Tamilselvan|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N Subramanian|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|votes=|percentage=|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA|party=None of the above|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage=}}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,94,732|change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Gandarvakottai}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Chinnadurai]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=69,710 |percentage=44.65% |change=35.12% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Jayabharathi |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=56,989 |percentage=36.50% |change=-7.33% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Lenin |party=Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=12,840 |percentage=8.22% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Ramila |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=12,661 |percentage=8.11% |change=7.13% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=1,390 |percentage=0.89% |change=-0.17% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Asaithambi |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation |votes=1,271 |percentage=0.81% |change=0.50% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Krm. Adhidravidar |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=848 |percentage=0.54% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,721 |percentage=8.15% |change=6.06% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,56,119 |percentage=77.47% |change= -0.69% }}
{{Election box rejected|votes=11 |percentage=0.01% }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,01,521 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 0.81% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Gandarvakottai}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=B. Arumugam |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=64,043 |percentage=43.84% |change=-11.01% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Anbarasan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=60,996 |percentage=41.75% |change=3.00% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Chinnadurai]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=13,918 |percentage=9.53% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Puratchikavidhasan @ Palaniyappan. M |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,600 |percentage=1.10% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=None Of The Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,556 |percentage=1.07% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Mohanraj |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=1,432 |percentage=0.98% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Chandrasekaran. C |party=Independent politician |votes=558 |percentage=0.38% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Palanimanickam. M |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=530 |percentage=0.36% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Veeramuthu. B |party=Independent politician |votes=514 |percentage=0.35% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Vanitha. R |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation |votes=465 |percentage=0.32% |change=-0.36% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Thavamoorthy. T |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=284 |percentage=0.19% |change=-0.68% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,047 |percentage=2.09% |change=-14.01% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,46,090 |percentage=78.16% |change= -1.98% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,86,922 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -11.01% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Gandarvakottai<ref>{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result|work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf | archive-date =15 February 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Subramanian. N |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=67,128 |percentage=54.85% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kavithaipithan. S |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=47,429 |percentage=38.76% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Selvarani. R |party=Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi |votes=2,974 |percentage=2.43% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Rethinam. V |party=Independent politician |votes=1,357 |percentage=1.11% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Murugesan. M |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,073 |percentage=0.88% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Bharathy. K |party=Independent politician |votes=842 |percentage=0.69% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Asaithambi. P |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation |votes=824 |percentage=0.67% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Chitra. R |party=Independent politician |votes=754 |percentage=0.62% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=19,699 |percentage=16.10% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,52,708 |percentage=80.14% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,22,381 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===1971===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Gandarvakottai<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Durai Govindarajan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=42,025 |percentage=57.59% |change=11.34% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Ramachandra Durai |party=Indian National Congress |votes=28,239 |percentage=38.70% |change=-13.98% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Kaliaperumal |party=Independent politician |votes=2,705 |percentage=3.71% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,786 |percentage=18.89% |change=12.46% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=72,969 |percentage=80.73% |change= -1.76% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 93,352 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 4.91% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1967===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Gandarvakottai<ref>{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2012 |access-date= 19 April 2009}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=R. R. Durai |party=Indian National Congress |votes=34,665 |percentage=52.68% |change=10.69% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=D. G. Kalingarar |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=30,434 |percentage=46.25% |change=9.01% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. R. Konar |party=Independent politician |votes=706 |percentage=1.07% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,231 |percentage=6.43% |change=1.67% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=65,805 |percentage=82.49% |change= 12.69% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 82,264 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 10.69% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1962===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Gandarvakottai<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India |title=Statistical Report on General Election 1962 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |access-date= 19 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Krishnaswamy Gopalar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,878 |percentage=41.99% |change=-4.04% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Govindarasu Kalingarar |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=22,061 |percentage=37.24% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ramachandra Dorai |party=Independent politician |votes=12,308 |percentage=20.77% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,817 |percentage=4.75% |change=-17.35% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=59,247 |percentage=69.80% |change= 18.86% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 89,012 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -4.04% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1957===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Gandarvakottai<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India| title=Statistical Report on General Election 1957 | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf | access-date=2015-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127200447/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf |archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Krishnasami Gopalar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,928 |percentage=46.03% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ramachandra Dorai |party=Independent politician |votes=9,839 |percentage=23.93% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= P.S.Thangamuthu Nattar |party=Independent politician |votes=8,553 |percentage=20.80% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Marimuthu Odayar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,638 |percentage=3.98% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Dharamaraja Merkondar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,115 |percentage=2.71% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Rangasami Odayar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,051 |percentage=2.56% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,089 |percentage=22.10% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=41,124 |percentage=50.95% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 80,716 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|title= Statistical reports of assembly elections|access-date= July 8, 2010|publisher= Election Commission of India|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|archive-date= October 5, 2010}}

{{Tamil Nadu assembly elections|state=expanded}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}

{{coord|10.57|79.02|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Pudukkottai district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Madras State]]

Surabhi Santosh

2026-04-22T06:27:01Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: Put up new details...

{{Short description|Indian Actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Surabhi Santosh
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_name =
| birth_place = [[Trivandrum]], [[India]]
| yearsactive = 2011 - 2014 2018 - present
| height =
| education = B.A., LL.B.
| occupation = Model Actress Classical dancer
}}

'''Surabhi Santosh''' is an Indian Actress, model and classical dancer and lawyer who works predominantly in [[Malayalam]] films and TV series along with some [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] and [[Tamil Cinema|Tamil]] films. She made her debut in films with director [[S. Narayan|S Narayan]]’s ''[[Dushtaa]]'' (2011).

== Personal life ==
Born in [[Thiruvananthapuram|Trivandrum]] to Malayali parents Sindhu and Santosh Kumar, who is a former Colonel in the Indian Army, she did her schooling in various schools around the country. She is a B.A., LL.B(law) graduate, [[Bharatanatyam]] dancer and plays the [[veena]]. She currently resides in [[Bengaluru]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/150518/a-surprise-entry.html |title=A surprise entry |date=15 May 2018 |newspaper=Deccan Chronicle |access-date=1 January 2020}}</ref> Even though Surabhi shares a similar name with 2 other active south-Indian actress [[Surbhi Puranik|Surbhi]] and [[Surabhi Lakshmi]], she wanted to keep her birth name as a tribute to her parents.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I won't change the name my parents gave me. |url=https://youtube/aKaVw2y4jDg |access-date= |website=}}</ref>

Surabhi married singer Pranav Chandran in March, 2024 at Kovalam.[https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2024/03/26/actress-surabhi-santhosh-gets-married-bollywood-singer.html (1)]

==Career==
Surabhi made her acting debut in veteran filmmaker [[S. Narayan]]'s action drama film, ''[[Dushtaa]]'' (2011) opposite Pankaj.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://m.sify.com/movies/dushta-shooting-in-brisk-progress-news-kannada-lbkq3Rceggesi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206192550/http://m.sify.com/movies/dushta-shooting-in-brisk-progress-news-kannada-lbkq3Rceggesi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 December 2018 |title=Dushta shooting in brisk progress|website=[[Sify]] }}</ref> She then appeared in ''Jataayu'', another Kannada film in 2013. During the release of the film, another co-star Roopashri was critical of the team for featuring Surabhi heavily in the promotions ahead of her.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/jatayu-releases-this-week-news-kannada-nexkETcgghjsi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921195834/http://www.sify.com/movies/jatayu-releases-this-week-news-kannada-nexkETcgghjsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 September 2017 |title=Jatayu releases this week |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=21 September 2017}}</ref>

In 2017, her long delayed Tamil film, ''[[Aayirathil Iruvar]]'' (2017) by [[Saran (director)|Saran]] was released after being in production for three years. Featuring her opposite [[Vinay Rai|Vinay]], the actress was named Swasthika by the director, for this film.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bioscoops.com/news-804-finally-a-release-date-for-aayirathil-iruvar |title=Finally a release date for Aayirathil Iruvar |website=bioscoops.com |access-date=21 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/director-saran-is-back-with-aayirathil-iruvar/article6324288.ece |title=Back after a break |first=Nikhil |last=Raghavan |date=16 August 2014 |access-date=21 September 2017 |work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://actress-photos.com/swastika-latest-stills-from-aayirathil-iruvar-movie/ |title=Swastika Latest Stills From Aayirathil Iruvar Movie – Actress Photos |website=actress-photos.com |access-date=21 September 2017 |archive-date=22 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922050716/http://actress-photos.com/swastika-latest-stills-from-aayirathil-iruvar-movie/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

After a short break of three years taken to complete her graduate degree, she returned to acting with the Kannada film, ''[[2nd Half]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/sandalwood/270917/her-2nd-half-in-sandalwood.html |title=Her 2nd Half in Sandalwood|date=27 September 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2018/may/22/im-looking-at-2nd-half-as-a-comeback-surabhi-santosh-1818135.html |title=I'm looking at 2nd Half as a comeback|date=23 May 2018 }}</ref> When the film hit theatres, her role in it was widely appreciated by critics and audience alike. The New Indian Express, in its review, wrote "Surabhi Santhosh is the soul of the film with the revolving mostly around her. Even though she doesn't have much screen space, 2nd Half doesn't make for a complete picture without her".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2018/jun/02/2nd-half-review-priyanka-upendra-carries-the-film-on-her-shoulders-1822569.html |title='2nd Half' review: Priyanka Upendra carries the film on her shoulders|date=2 June 2018 }}</ref> Sandalwood Cinema mentioned "Surabhi Santhosh is also a terrific performer you cannot miss"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sandalwoodcinema.com/reviews/movie-review-priyanka-upendra-rocks-2nd-half-definitely-recommended/ |title=Movie Review: Priyanka Upendra rocks 2nd Half, definitely Recommended}}</ref> while CiniBuzz appreciated her choice of comeback film, stating that, "Surabhi in her come back to Kannada cinema after four years has picked a good role. She is a treat to watch on screen".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cinibuzz.in/second-half-first-class/ |title=SECOND HALF FIRST CLASS }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Surabhi has marked her debut in Malayalam with the 2018 film ''[[Kuttanadan Marpappa]]'' in which [[Kunchacko Boban]] plays the lead.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/interview/2018/05/30/surabhi-santosh-kinavalli-malayalam-movie-industry.html |title=looks crucial in film industry}}</ref> Her next release in Malayalam, director [[Sugeeth]]'s fantasy-horror film Kinavalli was well received and opened to positive reviews.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/150218/newcomers-to-shine-in-sugeeths-next.html |title=Newcomers to shine is Sugeeth's next.|date=15 February 2018 }}</ref> Her character in the film was appreciated with ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' and ''[[The Times of India]]'' stating that she, along with the other actors in the film, "delivered a commendable performance"<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/290718/kinavalli-movie-review-chills-and-thrills-in-a-bungalow.html |title=Kinavalli review|date=29 July 2018 }}</ref> and "performed well" respectively.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/kinavalli/movie-review/65162493.cms |title=Kinavalli review|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>

Her first release in 2019 was the [[Malayalam]] film ''[[An International Local Story]]'' directed by the established actor/comedian [[Harisree Ashokan]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2019/02/03/harishree-ashokan-maiden-directorial-laugh-riot.html |title=Harishree Ashokan's maiden directorial promises a laugh riot |website=Onmanorama |date=3 February 2019}}</ref> She was later seen in ''[[My Great Grandfather]]'' with actor [[Jayaram]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2019/may/27/my-great-grandfather-is-a-comedy-of-errors-1982272.html |title=My Great Grandfather is a comedy of errors |last=Shrijith |first=Sajin |date=27 May 2019 |newspaper=The New Indian Express |access-date=18 September 2019}}</ref> She essayed a cameo role in [[Margamkali (film)|''Margamkali'']] directed by Sreejith Vijayan with whom she had earlier worked in Kuttanadan Marpappa and in [[Kalidas Jayaram]]-starrer ''[[Happy Sardar]]''.

In 2024, Surabhi made her Television Debut with the Malayalam language television series called [[Pavithram (TV series)|Pavithram]] which began airing in [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]] and found critical and commercial acclaim as a complete family series. The series has currently crossed 250 episodes.[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/pavithram-actress-surabhi-santosh-i-was-told-doing-serials-would-diminish-my-value-but-the-recognition-im-receiving-now-is-invaluable/articleshow/117027058.cms# .]

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Dushtaa]]'' || Pathi || [[Kannada]] film
|-
|2013|| ''Jatayu''|| || Kannada film <ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/jatayu/movie-review/19802850.cms</ref>
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Aayirathil Iruvar]]'' || Bhumika || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2018 || ''[[Kuttanadan Marpappa]]'' || Annie ||
|-
| ''[[2nd Half]]'' || Saranya || Kannada film
|-
| ''[[Kinavalli]]'' || Ann ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2019 || ''[[An International Local Story]]'' || Lachu ||
|-
| ''[[My Great Grandfather]]'' || Sharon ||
|-
| ''[[Margamkali (film)|Margamkali]]'' || Hima || Cameo
|-
| ''[[Happy Sardar]]'' || Punjabi Girl || Guest appearance
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2022 || ''[[Night Drive (film)|Night Drive]]'' || Amina ||
|-
| ''Naalam Mura'' || Dream girl|| Kolunthu song
|-
| 2024 || ''Thrayam'' ||Jasmine ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2021-09-16 |title=Dhyan Srinivasan, Sunny Wayne to lead 'Thrayam' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2021/Sep/16/dhyan-srinivasan-sunny-wayne-to-lead-thrayam-2359255.html |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Aap Kaise Ho]]'' || Riya||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2025-02-04 |title=Dhyan Sreenivasan's Aap Kaiso Ho gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Feb/04/dhyan-sreenivasans-aap-kaiso-ho-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2025-02-04 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Television==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Title !!Role!!Channel!! Language !! Notes
|-
| 2024-present ||''[[Pavithram (TV series)|Pavithram]]''|| rowspan =2|Vedha|| rowspan =2|[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]] ||rowspan =2| [[Malayalam]] ||<ref>{{cite news|title=KS Chithra croons title song for new Malayalam serial 'Pavithram'; show premieres on December 16|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/ks-chithra-croons-title-song-for-new-malayalam-serial-pavithram-show-premieres-on-december-16/articleshow/116215427.cms|website=[[The Times Of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|2025||''Snehakkoottu''||Cameo <ref>{{cite news|title=‘Snehakkoottu’: Here's everything about the Malayalam serial that celebrates 'happily divorced' Pallavi|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/snehakkoottu-heres-everything-about-the-malayalam-serial-that-celebrates-happily-divorced-pallavi/articleshow/121675506.cms|website=[[The Times Of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title='എന്തുകൊണ്ടാണ് ഇതെന്ന് എനിക്ക് തന്നെ തോന്നിയിട്ടുണ്ട്, എന്റെ അമ്മയും മുത്തശ്ശിയും ശക്തരായ സ്ത്രീകളാണ്'; സുരഭി സന്തോഷ് പറയുന്നു|url=https://malayalam.timesnownews.com/entertainment/surabhi-santosh-talks-about-pavithram-serial-and-her-character-vedhas-strength-article-151509433|website=[[Times Now]]}}</ref>
|}

==Awards==
'''[[Asianet Television Awards]] (2024)'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2026/asianet-television-awards-2026-winners-list-who-won-best-actor-actress-serial-couple-award-at-at-506927.html|title=Asianet Television Awards 2026 Winners List: Who Won Best Actor, Actress, Serial, Couple Award At ATA 2026?|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.keralatv.in/asianet-television-awards-2026-nominations-list/|title=Asianet Television Awards 2026 Categories and Nominations List – Online Voting Started Now|language=en}}</ref>
*Popular Actress
*Popular Star Pair

== Other works ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Work
!Particulars
|-
|
|Wagh Bakri Tea
|Advertisement
|-
|
|Pothys
|Advertisement
|-
|
|M for Marry
|Advertisement
|-
|2021
|Mayathe
|Malayalam Music Video
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Santosh, Surabhi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Nageshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir

2026-04-20T09:10:08Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: created article...

{{Short description|Lord Shiva temple in Mithila}}{{See also|Valmikeshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple|name=Nageshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir|native_name=नागेश्वर नाथ महादेव मंदिर|native_name_lang=mai|deity=[[Lord Shiva]]|religious_affiliation=[[Hinduism]]|festivals=[[Mahashivratri]], Sawan Sombari|district=[[Sitamarhi district]]|state=[[Bihar]]|country=India|architecture_style=Nepalese Style|location=[[Pupri]] town, [[Mithila region]]|groundbreaking=15 October 1968|footnotes=An ancient [[Shivalinga]] emerged from the ground at Pupri town in the [[Mithila region]] of [[Indian subcontinent]]|coordinates={{Coord|26.4745283|N|85.7006007|E|}}|coordinates_footnotes=|governing_body=Bihar State Religious Trust|image=File:Shiv Mandir, Nepali Architecture, Sitamarhi..jpg|caption=Nageshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir at Pupri}}
'''Nageshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir''' ([[Maithili language|Maithili]]: नागेश्वर नाथ महादेव मंदिर) is a temple of [[Shiva|Lord Shiva]] at [[Pupri]] town of the [[Sitamarhi district]] in [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]] of [[Bihar]] in India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=सीतामढ़ी स्थित बाबा नागेश्वर नाथ की महिमा अपरंपार, शिवलिंग के प्रकट होने की दिलचस्‍प कथा - The glory of Nageshwar Nath Baba in Sitamarhi is unparalleled Interesting story of the appearance of Shivling |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/muzaffarpur-the-glory-of-nageshwar-nath-baba-in-sitamarhi-is-unparalleled-interesting-story-of-the-appearance-of-shivling-22901715.html |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=पुपरी के नागेश्वरनाथ मंदिर में उमड़ी भक्तों की भीड़ |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/sitamarhi/story-crowd-of-devotees-gathered-in-nageshwarnath-temple-of-pupri-6844134.html |work=Hindustan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=सीतामढ़ी में भी एक पशुपतिनाथ मंदिर, पुपरी में नागेश्वर धाम के नाम से है प्रसिद्ध, जानें क्या है मंदिर की विशेषता |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bihar-jharkhand/patna/pashupatinath-temple-in-sitamarhi-vishal-shobha-yatra-is-taken-out-on-occasion-of-shivratri/1574705 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The temple name is derived from the Nageshwar form of Lord Shiva. The [[Lingam|Shivalinga]] of the temple is locally known as ''Baba Nageshwar Nath Mahadev''.<ref name=":0" />

== Description ==
The [[Lingam|Shivalinga]] of the ''Nageshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir'' was emerged from the earth around century ago. It is said that the Shivalinga was seen in a hole by some children playing ''kancha'' under a pipil tree there on 15 October 1968 at 4 pm. The name of the boy who first saw the Shivalinga was ''Shankara''. He was of the age around 12 years at that time.<ref name=":1" /> After that people there took out the Shivalinga and started worshiping it. The Shivlinga of the temple is ancient.<ref name=":0" /> It is said that those days there was election in the country, so due to the popularity of the discussion of the sudden emergence of the Shivalinga, the former prime minister [[Indira Gandhi]] also visited the temple during her elections campaign in the region.<ref name=":1" />

The temple was built in ''Nepalese architectural'' design.<ref name=":0" /> The temple was carved in the style of the famous [[Pashupatinath Temple|Pashupatinath Mandir]] in [[Kathmandu]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-11-03 |title=बेहद खास है यह महादेव मंदिर, संतान प्राप्ति के लिए यहां आते हैं लोग... |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/dharm/this-mahadev-temple-is-very-special-people-come-here-to-have-children-indira-gandhi-also-visited-during-the-elections-7802398.html |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Shiva temples in Sitamarhi district]]

Vadgaon Sheri Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:36:28Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: Put up new entry...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name=Vadgaon Sheri
|map_image =208-Vadgaon Sheri.svg
|state=[[Maharashtra]]
|constituency_no=208
|type=SLA
|district=[[Pune district|Pune]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Pune Lok Sabha constituency|Pune]]
|established=2008
|reservation=None
|mla=[[Bapusaheb Pathare]]
| party = {{Party index link|Nationalist Congress Party - Sharadchandra Pawar}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|electors=503,973
}}
'''Vadgaon Sheri Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|constituencies]] of [[Maharashtra]] state, western India. This constituency is located in [[Pune district]]<ref name="ECI-20081126" /> and is one of the six assembly constituencies that make up [[Pune Lok Sabha constituency]].

The constituency was most recently won by [[Bapusaheb Pathare]] of the [[Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar]] in the [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] defeating [[Sunil Tingre]] of the [[Nationalist Congress Party]] by about 4710 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-23 |title=Vadgaon Sheri election result 2024: NCP(SP) Bapusaheb Pathare secures victory over NCP Sunil Tingre by 4710 votes. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/vadgaon-sheri-election-result-2024-ncp-sps-bapusaheb-pathare-leading-over-ncps-sunil-tingre/articleshow/115594741.cms |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

==Geographical scope==
The constituency comprises wards number 8 to 15, 64 to 68 and 125 to 129 of [[Pune Municipal Corporation]] (PMC) as well as the Kalas revenue circle of [[Haveli taluka]] excluding areas transferred to PMC.<ref name="ECI-20081126">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=2008-11-26|publisher=Election Commission of India|pages=262|accessdate=2015-08-13}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vadgaon Sheri Vidhan Sabha Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/maharashtra/assembly-constituencies/vadgaon-sheri.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2"|Party
|-
| colspan="4"|{{center|''Until 2008: Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| [[Bapusaheb Pathare]]
|{{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| [[Jagdish Tukaram Mulik|Jagdish Mulik]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| [[Sunil Tingre]]
|{{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| [[Bapusaheb Pathare]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar|Nationalist Congress Party (SP)]]
|-
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Vadgaon Sheri<ref name="Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Vadgoan Sheri">{{cite news |title=Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Vadgoan Sheri |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13208.htm |access-date=16 December 2024 |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241216163158/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13208.htm |archive-date=16 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="Vadgaon Sheri election result 2024: NCP (SP)'s Bapusaheb Pathare secures victory over NCP's Sunil Tingre">{{cite news |title=Vadgaon Sheri election result 2024: NCP (SP)'s Bapusaheb Pathare secures victory over NCP's Sunil Tingre |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/vadgaon-sheri-election-result-2024-ncp-sps-bapusaheb-pathare-leading-over-ncps-sunil-tingre/articleshow/115594741.cms |accessdate=3 January 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=23 November 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103174047/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/vadgaon-sheri-election-result-2024-ncp-sps-bapusaheb-pathare-leading-over-ncps-sunil-tingre/articleshow/115594741.cms |archivedate=3 January 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Bapusaheb Pathare|Bapusaheb Tukaram Pathare]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar |votes = 133,689 |percentage = 47.79% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Sunil Tingre|Sunil Vijay Tingre]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 128,979 |percentage = 46.11% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vivek Krishna Londhe |party=Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 5,488 |percentage = 1.96% |change={{decrease}}2.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 4,259 |percentage = 1.52% |change={{increase}}0.38 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chalwadi Hulgesh Mariappa |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 3,762 |percentage = 1.34% |change={{increase}}0.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chandrakant Parmeshwar Sawant |party=Bahujan Samaj Party (Ambedkar) |votes = 3,198 |percentage = 1.14% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,710 |percentage = 1.68% |change= {{decrease}}0.65 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 284,009 |percentage = 56.35% |change= {{increase}}9.37 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 279,750}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 503,973|ref = |change= {{increase}}10.28 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar |loser = Nationalist Congress Party |swing= {{increase}}1.75 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2019===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Vadgaon Sheri<ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Sunil Tingre|Sunil Vijay Tingre]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 97,708 |percentage = 46.04% |change={{increase}}25.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Jagdish Mulik|Jagdish Tukaram Mulik]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 92,752 |percentage = 43.70% |change={{increase}}13.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pravin Bapurao Gaikwad |party=Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 10,300 |percentage = 4.85% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Daniyal Landge |party=All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen |votes = 7,702 |percentage = 3.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 2,418 |percentage = 1.14% |change={{increase}}0.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bengale Rajesh Dattatray |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,653 |percentage = 0.78% |change={{decrease}}0.65 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,956 |percentage = 2.34% |change= {{decrease}}0.09 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 214,705 |percentage = 46.98% |change= {{decrease}}6.60 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 212,224}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 456,998|ref = |change= {{increase}}11.52 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}15.57 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2014===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Vadgaon Sheri<ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Jagdish Mulik|Jagdish Tukaram Mulik]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 66,908 |percentage = 30.47% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Sunil Tingre|Sunil Vijay Tingre]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 61,583 |percentage = 28.05% |change={{increase}}4.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Bapusaheb Pathare|Bapusaheb Tukaram Pathare]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 44,480 |percentage = 20.26% |change={{decrease}}22.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Narayan Mohan Galande |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 18,830 |percentage = 8.58% |change={{decrease}}8.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Adv.Chandrakant Chhajed |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 12,497 |percentage = 5.69% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dr.Dhende Siddharth Yashwant |party=Republican Party of India (A) |votes = 9,247 |percentage = 4.21% |change={{decrease}}2.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kusale Dilip Namdev |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 3,131 |percentage = 1.43% |change={{decrease}}6.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 1,754 |percentage = 0.80% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,325 |percentage = 2.43% |change= {{decrease}}17.35 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 221,371 |percentage = 54.02% |change= {{increase}}7.80 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 219,557}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 409,772|ref = |change= {{increase}}12.00 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Nationalist Congress Party |swing= {{decrease}}12.54 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2009===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Vadgaon Sheri<ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Bapusaheb Pathare|Bapusaheb Tukaram Pathare]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 72,034 |percentage = 43.01% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate= Ajay Jaywant Bhosale |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 38,918 |percentage = 23.24% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate= Rajendra Shankarrao Endal|party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 28,579 |percentage = 17.06% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chalwadi Hulgesh Mariappa |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 13,140 |percentage = 7.85% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sayyad Afsar Ibrahim |party=Republican Party of India (A) |votes = 11,381 |percentage = 6.80% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 33,116 |percentage = 19.77% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 167,518 |percentage = 45.79% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 167,483}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 365,861|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coord|18.549|73.920|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Pune district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Politics of Pune district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Suresh Ravi

2026-04-19T05:54:56Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: Put up data

{{short description|Indian actor and television presenter|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Chennai, India
| occupation = Producer, actor, [[video jockey]]
| years_active = 2016–present
}}

'''Suresh Ravi''' is an Indian video jockey turned film actor who has mainly appeared in Tamil films. He was associated with various shows as an anchor in [[Sun Music]] channel.

==Career==
Suresh Ravi worked as a video jockey in [[Sun Music]]. He made his debut with the horror comedy film ''[[Mo (2016 film)|Mo]]'' (2016). He then starred in the thriller film ''[[Kavalthurai Ungal Nanban]]'' (2020), which released to positive reviews.<ref>{{Cite web|title=VJ Suresh Ravi's next titled Kavalthurai Ungal Nanban|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/sep/09/vj-suresh-ravis-next-titled-kavalthurai-ungal-nanban-1869808.html|access-date=2020-12-15|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kavalthurai-ungal-nanban/movie-review/79371800.cms|title=Kavalthurai Ungal Nanban Movie Review : A harrowing account of how institutions of power abuse it|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=2020-03-11}}</ref> In 2023, he starred in lead role in ''[[Nandhi Varman]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Trailer of Nandhi Varman out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/Dec/17/trailer-of-nandhi-varman-out-50469.html |access-date=2023-12-17 |work=Cinema Express}}</ref> In 2026, he was seen in the comedy film ''[[Mustafa Mustafa (film)|Mustafa Mustafa]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mustafa Mustafa Movie Review: A fun premise and a flimsy screenplay make poor friends |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2026/Mar/07/tamilreview2026mar06mustafa-mustafa-movie-review-a-fun-premise-and-a-flimsy-screenplay-make-poor-friends |access-date=2026-03-07 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes || Ref
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Mo (2016 film)|Mo]]'' || Dev || ||<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mo movie review: Less scary, more humourous
|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/311216/mo-movie-review-less-scary-more-humourous.html |access-date=2016-12-31 |work=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Kavalthurai Ungal Nanban]]'' || Prabhu || ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/Sep/02/kavalthurai-ungal-nanban-team-returns-for-a-comedy-entertainer-47240.html|title=Kavalthurai Ungal Nanban team returns for a comedy entertainer|website=cinemaexpress.com|access-date=2023-09-02}}</ref>
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Nandhi Varman]]'' || Guru Varman || ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suresh-ravis-next-is-a-suspense-thriller-based-on-a-true-incident/articleshow/87205184.cms|title=Suresh Ravi’s next is a suspense thriller based on a true incident|date=22 October 2021|work= The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| 2026 || ''[[Mustafa Mustafa (film)|Mustafa Mustafa]]'' || Vasu || ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sathish-and-suresh-ravis-film-titled-mustafa-mustafa/articleshow/103662551.cms|title=Sathish and Suresh Ravi's film titled 'Mustafa Mustafa'|date=14 September 2023|work= The Times of India}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ravi, Suresh}}
[[Category:Indian video jockeys]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male artists]]
[[Category:Artists from Chennai]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Anubroluvaripalem

2026-04-13T06:41:19Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: Added Some Post Added Tags

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Anubroluvaripalem
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|15|41|14|N|80|06|16|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Prakasam District|Prakasam]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of mandals in Andhra Pradesh|Mandal]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Korisapadu mandal|Korisapadu]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 523213
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Anubroluvaripalem''' (also known as '''Anubrolu Vari Palem''') is a village in [[Korisapadu mandal]], [[Prakasam district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]].

== Political affairs ==

It has no [[Panchayati raj (India)|panchayati]] and it comes under the [[Pamidipadu]] panchayathi, which covers a total of five villages nearby. The [[pamidipadu]] is 4 km away from Anubroluvaripalem. So for all five villages a president will be elected at the time of elections. As of 2017, the president of all five villages is Mr. Sridhar.

== Population ==
[[File:Anubroluvaripalem.png|thumb|Anubroluvaripalem]]
Anubrolu Vari Palem starts with a temple followed by the houses. It is a good looking village with cement roads and greenery. Usually people, who are living in the village, live from agriculture and some from local business and jobs. Most of them are very old, as their children were settled somewhere, because of their particular jobs. They encouraged their parents to leave the village and to go with them, but the people refused to leave the village.

So their children come to their parents on festivals and for some occasions. They used to celebrate the festivals with their parents and also with the people in the village. Especially, the [[Sankranthi]] festival, which was celebrated in the month of January was celebrated in a grand manner where all the people, who are living in various cities come to the village to enjoy with their parents. The entire village celebrates combinedly by conducting various sports for all categories of the people.

== Infrastructure ==
=== Water Supply ===
Water is supplied by a ground level storage reservoir and a sub-surface source.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mobilewatersoft.com/wams_ap/mpws/mpwsDetailsFinal.jsp?habitation=0811427008051300&habitationName=ANUBROLUVARIPALEM&panchayat=13&panchayatName=PAMIDIPADU&districtName=PRAKASAM&district=08&block=27&blockName=KORISAPADU |title=Mini Protected Water Supply (MPWS) Information. |access-date=21 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202001603/http://mobilewatersoft.com/wams_ap/mpws/mpwsDetailsFinal.jsp?habitation=0811427008051300&habitationName=ANUBROLUVARIPALEM&panchayat=13&panchayatName=PAMIDIPADU&districtName=PRAKASAM&district=08&block=27&blockName=KORISAPADU |archive-date=2 February 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Schools ===
Education is provided by Mpps Anubroluvari Palem School and Sudha Residential School.<ref>[https://liko.in/schools-in-india/school-id-543944/ Mpps Anubroluvari Palem School.]</ref> The present school in the village is declared as a model school and the works are going on to make it a full-pledged government model school.

== Notable people ==
*[[Somaiah Panthulu]], teacher<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://orkut.google.com/c96199117.html |title=AnubroluvariPalem |access-date=21 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202083947/http://orkut.google.com/c96199117.html |archive-date=2 February 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Villages in Prakasam district]]

Aloo tikki

2026-04-12T14:39:10Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: Added The Entry More To Come

{{Short description|Snack originating from the Indian subcontinent}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox food
| name = Aloo tikki
| image = Aloo Tikki served with chutneys.jpg
| caption = Aloo tikki served with mint and tamarind sauces and yogurt
| alternate_name = Aloo ki tikkia Aloo ki tikki
| country = [[Indian subcontinent]]
| region = [[India]], [[Bangladesh]], and [[Pakistan]]
| creator =
| course =
| type = [[Snack food|Snack]]
| served = Hot
| main_ingredient = Potatoes, peas, spices, herbs
| variations = [[Ragda pattice]]
| calories =
| other =
}}

'''Aloo tikki''', also known as '''aloo ki tikkia''', '''aloo ki tikki''' or '''alu tikki''', is a vegetarian snack originating from the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Why Sweet and Sour Makes the World Go Yum |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/why-sweet-and-sour-makes-the-world-go-yum/16723179 |website=[[Mid-Day]] |date=3 December 2015 |access-date=13 November 2020}}</ref> In [[Indian cuisine|Indian]], [[Pakistani cuisine|Pakistani]], and [[Bangladeshi cuisine|Bangladeshi]] preparation, it is made of boiled potatoes, peas, and various Indian spices. ''Aloo'' means potato in [[Hindi-Urdu]], and ''tikki'' is a small [[cutlet]] or [[croquette]]. The dish is served hot along with a side of [[Sooth (chutney)|saunth]], [[tamarind]], and [[coriander]]-[[mint sauce|mint]] sauce, and sometimes [[dahi (curd)|dahi]] (yogurt) or chickpeas.<ref>{{Cite web | author=liza |date=20 May 2023 |title=Enjoy Restaurant-Quality Aloo Tikki at Home with New Recipe Ideas | website=[[Desher Barta]] | url=https://desherbarta.in/enjoy-restaurant-quality-aloo-tikki-at-home-with-new-recipe-ideas/ | access-date=20 May 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520104913/https://desherbarta.in/enjoy-restaurant-quality-aloo-tikki-at-home-with-new-recipe-ideas/ | archive-date=20 May 2023 | url-status=usurped}}</ref>

==Variations==
Because of the broad geographical distribution of Indian people throughout the world, a number of variations on this dish exist.

In [[Maharashtra]], a popular version of aloo tikki is served with a spicy curry and various chutneys. It is called [[ragda pattice]] and is sold at various [[chaat]] stalls throughout the city and especially on [[Girgaum Chowpatty|Chowpatti Beach]]. The aloo tikki in this region is made of mainly locally grown spices such as [[turmeric]], whereas in [[Bangalore]], more [[coriander]] is used.

In the United Kingdom, vegetable tikki is available from delicatessen counters at various shops.{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}

Some North Indian [[dhaba]]s or café-style eateries will sandwich the aloo in bread.{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}

==See also==
* [[Vada pav]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian dishes}}
{{Pakistani dishes}}
{{Potato dishes}}
{{Street food}}

[[Category:Potato dishes]]
[[Category:Indian snack foods]]
[[Category:Indian fast food]]
[[Category:Pakistani snack foods]]
[[Category:Pakistani fast food]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradeshi cuisine]]
[[Category:Hindi words and phrases]]

Rooting for Roona

2026-04-05T06:55:37Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: adding new post...

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Rooting for Roona
| director = Pavitra Chalam Akshay Shankar
| cinematography = Sujit Anand
| editing = Jyolsna Panicker
| music = [[Tapas Relia]]
| studio = Curley Street
| distributor = [[Netflix]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2020|10|15|}}
| runtime = 41 minutes
| country = India
| language = Bengali 
English
}}
'''''Rooting for Roona''''' is a 2020 Indian documentary short film created, and directed by Pavitra Challam and Akshay Shankar.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sudevan |first=Praveen |date=2020-10-29 |title='This is a love story': Makers of Netflix documentary Rooting for Roona |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/this-is-a-love-story-makers-of-netflix-documentary-rooting-for-roona/article32962944.ece |access-date=2022-03-23 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=2022-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323094327/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/this-is-a-love-story-makers-of-netflix-documentary-rooting-for-roona/article32962944.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> The film is based on the story of a girl named Roona Begum born with [[hydrocephalus]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-27 |title='Rooting For Roona' - The Story Of A Brave Girl Who Fought Against Odds With All Her Might |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/rooting-for-roona-blog-rooting-for-roona-the-story-of-a-brave-girl-who-fought-against-odds-with-all-her-might-525926.html |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=IndiaTimes |language=en-IN |archive-date=2022-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322191232/https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/rooting-for-roona-blog-rooting-for-roona-the-story-of-a-brave-girl-who-fought-against-odds-with-all-her-might-525926.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The film is produced by Curley Street and was released on [[Netflix]] on 15 October 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NYFA Filmmaking Alum Pavitra Chalam Co-Directs Netflix Documentary 'Rooting for Roona' |url=https://www.nyfa.edu/nyfa-news/nyfa-alum-co-directs-netflix-documentary-rooting-for-roona.php#.X4hWwJNKgnc |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=www.nyfa.edu |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320021408/https://www.nyfa.edu/nyfa-news/nyfa-alum-co-directs-netflix-documentary-rooting-for-roona.php#.X4hWwJNKgnc |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Reception ==
Udita Jhunjhunwala from the [[Firstpost]] gave 3.5 stars out of 5 and wrote, "The documentary sensitively captures not only Roona’s unusual case, but also the impact and stress on a young married couple on raising the child."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-16 |title=Rooting for Roona review: Netflix documentary underscores flaws in Indian healthcare system at grassroots level |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/rooting-for-roona-review-netflix-documentary-underscores-flaws-in-indian-healthcare-system-at-grassroots-level-8919951.html |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=Firstpost |language=en |archive-date=2022-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323094444/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/rooting-for-roona-review-netflix-documentary-underscores-flaws-in-indian-healthcare-system-at-grassroots-level-8919951.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Awards ==

* Audience Award for Best Short Film at the South Asian Film Festival of Orlando.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-05 |title=Indian documentary 'Rooting for Roona' wins award at Orlando Film Festival |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/indian-documentary-rooting-roona-wins-award-orlando-film-festival-111788 |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=The News Minute |language=en |archive-date=2022-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323102218/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/indian-documentary-rooting-roona-wins-award-orlando-film-festival-111788 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|tt8995696}}
*[https://netflix.com/title/81089353/ Rooting for Roona] at [[Netflix]]

[[Category:2020 short documentary films]]
[[Category:2020 films]]
[[Category:Indian documentary films]]
[[Category:Netflix original documentary films]]
[[Category:2020 Indian films]]
[[Category:2020 Bengali-language films]]

KSR Bengaluru–Dharwad Vande Bharat Express

2026-03-31T15:30:17Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: Put up pg

{{Short description|Mini Vande Bharat Express train route in India}}
{{Distinguish|text=[[Belagavi (Belgaum)–KSR Bengaluru Vande Bharat Express]], India's 71st semi high-speed Vande Bharat Express train}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox rail service
| color = 28457D
| name = KSR Bengaluru - Dharwad ''Vande Bharat Express''
| logo_width =
| image = 2023-06-17 111245 SBC UBL DWR.jpg
| image_width = 300px
| image_alt =
| alt =
| caption = This Mini VB Express train on standby at [[Bengaluru City railway station|KSR Bengaluru City Jn]]
| type = [[Vande Bharat Express]]
| locale = [[Karnataka]]
| first = {{start date|2023|06|27|df=yes}} (Inaugural run) {{start date and age|28 June 2023|df=yes}} (Commercial run)
| last =
| operator = [[South Western Railway zone|South Western Railways (SWR)]]
| ridership =
| start = [[Bengaluru City railway station|KSR Bengaluru City Jn]] '''(SBC)'''
| stops = 5
| end = {{stnlnk|Dharwad}} '''(DWR)'''
| distance = {{convert|490|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 06 hrs 25 mins
| frequency = Six days a week {{efn|Except Tuesdays}}
| trainnumber = 20661 / 20662
| line_used = [[Bangalore–Arsikere–Hubli line|Bengaluru - Hubli line]]
| class = AC Chair Car, AC Executive Chair Car
| seating = {{Hlist|Airline style|Rotatable seats}}
| sleeping = No
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering(veg, non_veg)
| observation = Large windows in all coaches
| entertainment = {{Hlist|[[Wi-Fi|On-board WiFi]]|Infotainment System|[[AC power plugs and sockets: British and related types#Indian IS 1293|Electric outlets]]|Reading light|Seat Pockets|Bottle Holder|Tray Table}}
| baggage = Overhead racks
| otherfacilities = [[Kavach (train protection system)|Kavach]]
| stock = [[Vande Bharat Express#Mini Vande Bharat Express|Mini Vande Bharat 2.0]]{{Broken anchor|date=2024-06-15|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Vande Bharat Express#Mini Vande Bharat Express|reason= The anchor (Mini Vande Bharat Express) [[Special:Diff/1183623994|has been deleted]].}}
| gauge = [[5 ft 6 in gauge railway|Indian gauge]] {{track gauge|1676mm|allk=on}} [[broad gauge]]
| el =
| speed = {{cvt|89.5|km/h|0|abbr=on}} (Avg, between KSR Bengaluru and Hubli Jn.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/bengaluru/bengaluru-dharwad-vande-bharat-timings-to-change-starting-october-7-details-article-104233045 | title=Bengaluru-Dharwad Vande Bharat Timings to Change Starting October 7 | Details | date=7 October 2023 }}</ref>)
| trainlength = {{convert|192|m|ft}} (08 coaches)
| owners = [[Indian Railways]]
| maintenance = [[South Western Railway zone|KSR Bengaluru City Jn (SBC)]]
| map = {{KSR Bengaluru-Dharwad VB Express Route}}
| map_state = collapsed
| electrification = [[25 kV 50 Hz AC]] Overhead line
}}

The 20661/20662 '''KSR Bengaluru - Dharwad ''Vande Bharat Express''''' is India's 21st [[Vande Bharat Express]] train, connecting the city of [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]] with [[Dharwad]] city in [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2023 |title=Karnataka: Vande Bharat Express likely to connect IT capital Bengaluru with Hubballi-Dharwad by July |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/karnataka-vande-bharat-express-to-connect-bengaluru-with-hubballi-dharwad-by-july-10718201.html |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Moneycontrol}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2023 |title=Karnataka's exclusive Vande Bharat likely to start ops on June 28 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/top-karnataka-stories/karnatakas-exclusive-vande-bharat-likely-to-start-ops-on-june-28-1228183.html |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2023 |title=All you need to know about Bengaluru-Dharwad Vande Bharat express |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/all-you-need-to-know-about-bengaluru-dharward-vande-bharat-express-10861141.html |access-date=26 June 2023 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref> This train was flagged off by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] on 27 June 2023 via [[Videotelephony|video conference]] from [[Rani Kamalapati railway station]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2023 |title=PM Modi Inaugurates Karnataka's Second Vande Bharat: Ticket Rates, Timings and Other Details of Bengaluru-Dharwad VB Express |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/bengaluru/pm-modi-inaugurates-karnatakas-second-vande-bharat-price-chart-schedule-and-other-details-of-bengaluru-dharwad-vb-train-article-101296890 |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2023 |title=PM Narendra Modi likely to launch Vande Bharat Express in Karnataka on June 26: Report |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/bengaluru-news/pm-narendra-modi-likely-to-launch-vande-bharat-express-in-karnataka-on-june-26-report-101686812355687.html |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2023 |title=Vande Bharat express will be extended to Belagavi when these 2 difficulties are solved : MP Kadadi |url=https://belagaviinfra.co.in/vande-bharat-express-will-be-extended-to-belagavi-when-these-2-difficulties-are-solved-mp-kadadi/ |access-date=24 June 2023 |website=belagaviinfra.co.in |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Overview==
This train is operated by [[Indian Railways]], connecting [[Bengaluru City railway station|KSR Bengaluru City Jn]], [[Yesvantpur Junction railway station|Yesvantpur Jn]], Tumkur,<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2024 |title=Minister of State for Railways Shri V. Somanna Inaugurates Vande Bharat Express Stoppage at Tumakuru Railway Station |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2048262 |access-date=24 August 2024 |website=PIB.GOV.IN |language=en}}</ref> [[Davangere railway station|Davangere]], [[Haveri railway station|SMM Haveri]], [[Shree Siddharoodha Swamiji Hubballi Junction railway station|SSS Hubballi Junction]] and [[Dharwad railway station|Dharwad]]. It is currently operated with train numbers 20661/20662 on 6 days a week basis.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-04 |title=Bengaluru-Dharwad Vande Bharat Express: Route, stops, fare |url=https://www.news9live.com/business/biz-news/bengaluru-dharwar-vande-bharat-express-route-stops-fare-2487993 |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=News9live |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Trial run of Vande Bharat Express between Dharwad – Bengaluru conducted |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/corporate-gallery/trial-run-of-vande-bharat-express-between-dharwad-bengaluru-conducted |access-date=21 June 2023 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bengaluru-Dharwad Vande Bharat Express Launch On June 27: Timing, Route, Ticket Prices |url=https://zeenews.india.com/railways/bengaluru-dharwad-vande-bharat-express-launch-on-june-27-timing-route-ticket-prices-2626409.html |access-date=24 June 2023 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2023 |title=India's 23rd Vande Bharat Express receives huge responses from rail passengers – Know its routes, frequency, stoppages, distance and significance |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/railways-indias-23rd-vande-bharat-express-ksr-bengaluru-dharwad-receives-huge-responses-from-rail-passengers-know-its-frequency-stoppages-distance-timetable-and-significance-3146397/ |access-date=29 June 2023 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref>

=== Trial Run Extension to [[Belagavi railway station|Belgaum]] ===
On 21 November 2023,<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=18 November 2023 |title=KSR Bengaluru-Belagavi Vande Bharat Express to have trial run on Nov.21 |url=https://belagaviinfra.co.in/ksr-bengaluru-belagavi-vande-bharat-express-to-have-trial-run-on-nov-21/ |access-date=18 November 2023 |website=belagaviinfra.co.in/ |language=en-US}}</ref> the trial run was performed by starting from [[Bengaluru City railway station|KSR Bangalore City Jn]] around 05:45am and terminating at [[Belagavi railway station|Belagavi]] at 01:30pm. It left from Belgaum at 02:00pm and reached Bengaluru City at 10:10pm, despite being a sucsessful run, local politicians of Hubli Dharwad curtailed the extnesion with wague reason of track issues, besides when Pune Belgaum Vande Bharat train was extended to Hubli using same track the SWR were mum but public ire and RTI facts later forced the MP to review and put pressure on MOSR resulted in getting a new VB for Belagaum later.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 November 2023 |title=VB Express commences trial run between Bengaluru and Belagavi |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/vb-express-commences-trial-run-between-bengaluru-and-belagavi/articleshow/105401089.cms |access-date=22 November 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Rakes ==
It is the nineteenth [[Vande Bharat (trainset)#Second generation (Vande Bharat 2.0)|2nd Generation]] and the seventh [[Vande Bharat Express#Mini Vande Bharat Express|'''Mini Vande Bharat 2.0 Express train''']] which was designed and manufactured by the [[Integral Coach Factory]] at [[Perambur]], [[Chennai]] under the [[Make in India]] Initiative.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Train 18, India's Fastest, Named "Vande Bharat Express": Piyush Goyal |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/train-18-indias-fastest-named-vande-bharat-express-piyush-goyal-1983965 |access-date=19 April 2023 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

== Service ==

The 20661/20662 KSR Bengaluru City Jn - Dharwad Vande Bharat Express operates six days a week except Tuesdays, covering a distance of {{cvt|490|km}} in a travel time of 6 hours with an average speed of {{cvt|76|km/h}}. The service has 5 intermediate stops. The Maximum Permissible Speed is {{cvt|130|km/h}}.

== See also ==
* [[Vande Bharat Express]]
* [[Gatimaan Express]]
* [[Tejas Express]]
* [[KSR Bengaluru–Hubli Jan Shatabdi Express]]
* [[Bangalore City railway station]]
* [[Dharwad railway station]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Vande Bharat Express}}

[[Category:Vande Bharat Express trains]]
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]
[[Category:Higher-speed rail]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Electric multiple units of India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Transport in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Transport in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Transport in Hubli-Dharwad]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Hubli-Dharwad]]

Kisan Wankhede

2026-03-30T11:40:42Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: Put up new pg.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Umarkhed Assembly constituency|Umarkhed]]
| term_start = (2024 - Present)
| term_end =
| birth_name = Kisanrao Maroti Wankhede
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1964|11|07}}
| birth_place = At.[[Umarkhed]], Dist.[[Yavatmal District]]
| profession =
| predecessor = [[Namdev Sasane]]
| party = {{flagicon image|BJP flag.svg}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
}}
'''Kisanrao Maroti Wankhede''' is an Indian politician from Maharashtra. He is a [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|member of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] from [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]], representing [[Umarkhed Assembly constituency]] as a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-23 |title=Umarkhed, Maharashtra Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: BJP's Kisan Maroti Wankhede wins Umarkhed with 105071 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/umarkhed-maharashtra-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-maelb-2638187-2024-11-23 |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Umarkhed Election Result 2024 LIVE: Kisan Maroti Wankhede of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/umarkhed-election-result-2024-live-leading-winner-mla-9130027.html |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

==Political career==

Kisan Wankhede is a member of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a far-right Hindu nationalist paramilitary volunteer organisation and he has close relation with Senior [[BJP]] Member of [[Yavatmal District]] Nitin bhau Bhutada of [[Umarkhed]]

== See also ==
* [[List of chief ministers of Maharashtra]]
* [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wankhede, Kisan Maroti}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:1964 births]]

{{Maharashtra-BJP-politician-stub}}

Köppen climate classification

2026-03-28T04:21:42Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: basic fix lead as per guidelines and cleaned formatting to improve readability

{{Short description|Climate classification system}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}

The '''Köppen climate classification''' divides Earth's climates into five main climate groups, with each group being divided based on patterns of seasonal [[precipitation]] and temperature. The five main groups are ''A'' ([[Tropical climate|tropical]]), ''B'' ([[Desert climate|arid]]), ''C'' ([[Temperate climate|temperate]]), ''D'' ([[Continental climate|continental]]), and ''E'' ([[Polar climate|polar]]). Each group and subgroup is represented by a letter. All climates are assigned a main group (the first letter). All climates except for those in the ''E'' group are assigned a seasonal precipitation subgroup (the second letter). For example, ''Af'' indicates a [[tropical rainforest climate]]. The system assigns a temperature subgroup for all groups other than those in the ''A'' group, indicated by the third letter for climates in ''B'', ''C'', ''D'', and the second letter for climates in ''E''. Other examples include: ''Cfb'' indicating an [[oceanic climate]] with warm summers as indicated by the ending ''b'', while ''Dwb'' indicates a semi-[[Monsoon continental climate|monsoonal continental climate]], also with warm summers. Climates are classified based on specific criteria unique to each climate type.<ref name="kottek2006">{{Cite journal |last1=Kottek |first1=Markus |last2=Grieser |first2=Jürgen |last3=Beck |first3=Christoph |last4=Rudolf |first4=Bruno |last5=Rubel |first5=Franz |date=2006 |title=World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated |url=https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/40083/metz_Vol_15_No_3_p259-263_World_Map_of_the_Koppen_Geiger_climate_classification_updated_55034.pdf |journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=259–263 |bibcode=2006MetZe..15..259K |doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130}}</ref>

The Köppen climate classification is the most widely used [[climate classification]] scheme.<ref>{{cite web |title=EnergyPlus™ Version 24.2.0 Documentation: Auxiliary Programs |url=https://energyplus.net/assets/nrel_custom/pdfs/pdfs_v24.2.0/AuxiliaryPrograms.pdf |website=EnergyPlus |access-date=22 January 2025 |page=52 |date=4 October 2024}}</ref> It was first published by German-Russian [[climate science|climatologist]] [[Wladimir Köppen]] (1846–1940) in 1884,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Köppen |first=Wladimir |date=1884 |title=Die Wärmezonen der Erde, nach der Dauer der heissen, gemässigten und kalten Zeit und nach der Wirkung der Wärme auf die organische Welt betrachtet |trans-title=The thermal zones of the earth according to the duration of hot, moderate and cold periods and to the impact of heat on the organic world) |url=http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/koeppen.htm |url-status=live |journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift |publication-date=2011 |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=351–360 |bibcode=2011MetZe..20..351K |doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2011/105 |s2cid=209855204 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908130507/http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/koeppen.htm |archive-date=8 September 2016 |access-date=2 September 2016 |translator1-first=E. |translator1-last=Volken |translator2-first=S |translator2-last=Brönnimann}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rubel |first1=F. |last2=Kottek |first2=M |date=2011 |title=Comments on: 'The thermal zones of the Earth' by Wladimir Köppen (1884) |journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=361–365 |bibcode=2011MetZe..20..361R |doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2011/0285}}</ref> with several later modifications by Köppen, notably in 1918 and 1936.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |year=1918 |title=Klassification der Klimate nach Temperatur, Niederschlag and Jahreslauf |encyclopedia=Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen |last=Köppen |first=Wladimir |volume=64 |pages=193–203, 243–248 |via=koeppen-geiger.Vu-Wien.ac.at/Koeppen.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |year=1936 |title=Das geographische System der Klimate |publisher=Borntraeger |location=Berlin |url=http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/Koppen_1936.pdf |access-date=2 September 2016 |last=Köppen |first=Wladimir |editor-last=Köppen |editor-first=Wladimir |volume=1 |trans-title=The geographic system of climates |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304135236/http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/Koppen_1936.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |section=C |editor2-first=Rudolf |editor2-last=Geiger (publisher)}}</ref> Later, German climatologist [[Rudolf Geiger]] (1894–1981) introduced some changes to the classification system in 1954 and 1961, which is thus sometimes called the '''Köppen–Geiger climate classification'''.<ref>{{Citation |last=Geiger |first=Rudolf |title=Klassifikation der Klimate nach W. Köppen |date=1954 |work=Landolt-Börnstein – Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Physik, Chemie, Astronomie, Geophysik und Technik, alte Serie |volume=3 |pages=603–607 |trans-title=Classification of climates after W. Köppen |place=Berlin |publisher=Springer |mode=cs1}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Geiger |first=Rudolf |title=Überarbeitete Neuausgabe von Geiger, R.: Köppen-Geiger / Klima der Erde |date=1961 |mode=cs1}} (Wandkarte 1:16 Mill.) – Klett-Perthes, Gotha.</ref>

As Köppen designed the system based on his experience as a [[botanist]], his main climate groups represent a classification by vegetation type. In addition to identifying climates, the system can be used to analyze ecosystem conditions and identify the main types of vegetation within climates. Due to its association with the plant life of a given region, the system is useful in predicting future changes of plant life within that region.<ref name=" Beck"/>

The Köppen climate classification system was modified further within the [[Trewartha climate classification]] system in 1966 (revised in 1980). The Trewartha system sought to create a more refined [[Middle latitudes|middle latitude]] climate zone, which was one of the criticisms of the Köppen system (the climate group C was too general).<ref name="McKnight">{{Cite book |last1=McKnight |first1=Tom L |url=https://archive.org/details/physicalgeographmckn |title=Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation |last2=Hess |first2=Darrel |publisher=Prentice Hall |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-13-020263-5 |location=Upper Saddle River, NJ |chapter=Climate Zones and Types |chapter-url=https://www.seaclean.no |url-access=registration |chapter-url-access=registration}}</ref>{{rp|200–201}}

[[File:Koppen-Geiger Map v2 World 1991–2020.svg|thumb|center|upright=3|Köppen–Geiger climate map 1991–2020<ref name="Beck">{{Cite journal |last1=Beck |first1=Hylke E. |last2=Zimmermann |first2=Niklaus E. |last3=McVicar |first3=Tim R. |last4=Vergopolan |first4=Noemi |last5=Berg |first5=Alexis |last6=Wood |first6=Eric F. |author-link6=Eric Franklin Wood |date=30 October 2018 |title=Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution |journal=Scientific Data |volume=5 |article-number=180214 |bibcode=2018NatSD...580214B |doi=10.1038/sdata.2018.214 |issn=2052-4463 |pmc=6207062 |pmid=30375988}}</ref>
{|
|- valign=top |
|
{{legend|#0000FE|[[tropical rainforest climate|Af]]}}
{{legend|#0077FF|[[tropical monsoon climate|Am]]}}
{{legend|#46A9FA|[[tropical savanna climate|Aw]]}}
{{legend|#79BAEC|[[tropical savanna climate|As]]}}
| width=10 |
|
{{legend|#FE0000|[[hot desert climate|BWh]]}}
{{legend|#FE9695|[[cold desert climate|BWk]]}}
{{legend|#F5A301|[[hot semi-arid climate|BSh]]}}
{{legend|#FFDB63|[[cold semi-arid climate|BSk]]}}
| width=5 |
|
{{legend|#FFFF00|[[hot-summer Mediterranean climate|Csa]]}}
{{legend|#C6C700|[[warm-summer Mediterranean climate|Csb]]}}
{{legend|#969600|[[Mediterranean climate#Cold-summer Mediterranean climate|Csc]]}}
| width=5 |
|
{{legend|#96FF96|[[humid subtropical climate|Cwa]]}}
{{legend|#63C764|[[subtropical highland climate|Cwb]]}}
{{legend|#329633|[[subtropical highland climate|Cwc]]}}
| width=5 |
|
{{legend|#C6FF4E|[[humid subtropical climate|Cfa]]}}
{{legend|#66FF33|[[oceanic climate|Cfb]]}}
{{legend|#33C701|[[subpolar oceanic climate|Cfc]]}}
| width=5 |
|
{{legend|#FF00FE|[[humid continental climate|Dsa]]}}
{{legend|#C600C7|[[humid continental climate|Dsb]]}}
{{legend|#963295|[[subarctic climate|Dsc]]}}
{{legend|#966495|[[subarctic climate|Dsd]]}}
| width=5 |
|
{{legend|#ABB1FF|[[humid continental climate|Dwa]]}}
{{legend|#5A77DB|[[humid continental climate|Dwb]]}}
{{legend|#4C51B5|[[subarctic climate|Dwc]]}}
{{legend|#320087|[[subarctic climate|Dwd]]}}
| width=5 |
|
{{legend|#00FFFF|[[humid continental climate|Dfa]]}}
{{legend|#38C7FF|[[humid continental climate|Dfb]]}}
{{legend|#007E7D|[[subarctic climate|Dfc]]}}
{{legend|#00455E|[[subarctic climate|Dfd]]}}
| width=5 |
|
{{legend|#B2B2B2|[[tundra climate|ET]]}}
{{legend|#686868|[[ice cap climate|EF]]}}
|}
]]
{{TOC left}}
{{clear}}

== Overview ==
{{see|List of cities by Köppen climate classification}}

{|class="wikitable plainlist" style="margin:auto;"
|+ Köppen climate classification scheme symbols description table<ref name="Beck" /><ref name="kottek2006" /><ref name="Peel">{{Cite journal |last1=Peel |first1=M. C. |last2=Finlayson |first2=B. L. |last3=McMahon |first3=T. A. |name-list-style=amp |year=2007 |title=Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification |url=https://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |journal=Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=1633–1644 |bibcode=2007HESS...11.1633P |doi=10.5194/Hess-11-1633-2007 |issn=1027-5606 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
!scope="col"| 1st
!scope="col"| 2nd
!scope="col"| 3rd
|-
! scope="row" | A (Tropical)
|
*f (Rainforest)
*m (Monsoon)
*w (Savanna, dry winter)
*s (Savanna, dry summer)
|
|-
! scope="row" | B (Dry)
|
*W (Arid desert)
*S (Semi-arid steppe)
|
*h (Hot)
*k (Cold)
|-
! scope="row" | C (Temperate)
|
*w (Dry winter)
*f (No dry season)
*s (Dry summer)
|
*a (Hot summer)
*b (Warm summer)
*c (Cold summer)
|-
! scope="row" | D (Continental)
|
*w (Dry winter)
*f (No dry season)
*s (Dry summer)
|
*a (Hot summer)
*b (Warm summer)
*c (Cold summer)
*d (Very cold winter)
|-
! scope="row" | E (Polar)
|
*T (Tundra)
*F (Ice cap)
|
|}

The Köppen climate classification scheme divides climates into five main climate groups: ''A'' (tropical), ''B'' (arid), ''C'' (temperate), ''D'' (continental), and ''E'' (polar).<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Koppen climate classification {{!}} climatology |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Koppen-climate-classification |access-date=4 August 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804183630/https://www.britannica.com/science/Koppen-climate-classification |archive-date=4 August 2017}}</ref> The second letter indicates the seasonal precipitation type, while the third letter indicates the level of heat.<ref name="hanschen">{{Cite web |last1=Chen |first1=Hans |last2=Chen |first2=Deliang |author-link2=Chen Deliang |title=Köppen climate classification |url=http://hanschen.org/koppen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814145617/http://hanschen.org/koppen/ |archive-date=14 August 2017 |access-date=4 August 2017 |website=hanschen.org}}</ref> Summers are defined as the six-month period that is warmer either from April to September or October to March, while winter is the six-month period that is cooler.<ref name="Beck" /><ref name="Peel" />

===Group A: Tropical climates===

[[Tropical climate]]s have an average temperature of {{convert|18|°C|°F|1}} or higher every month of the year, with significant precipitation.<ref name="Beck" /><ref name="Peel" />
* ''Af'' = [[Tropical rainforest climate]]; average precipitation of at least {{convert|60|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} in every month.
* ''Am'' = [[Tropical monsoon climate]]; driest month (which nearly always occurs at or soon after the "winter" solstice for that side of the equator) with precipitation less than {{convert|60|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}, but at least <math display="inline">100-\left ( \frac{\mathrm{total\,annual\,precipitation\,(mm)}}{25} \right )</math>.<ref name="Beck" /><ref name="Peel" />
* ''Aw'' or ''As'' = Tropical wet and dry or [[Tropical savanna climate|savanna]] climate; with the driest month having precipitation less than {{convert|60|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} and less than <math display="inline">100-\left ( \frac{\mathrm{total\,annual\,precipitation\,(mm)}}{25} \right )</math>.<ref name="Beck" /><ref name="Peel" />

===Group B: Desert and semi-arid climates===
[[File:Mitchell grass downs post rain Boulia Shire Queensland P1070007.jpg|thumb|right|Semi-arid grassland, [[Queensland]], [[Australia]]]]

[[Desert climate|Desert]] and [[Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]] climates are defined by low precipitation in a region that does not fit the polar (EF or ET) criteria of no month with an average temperature greater than {{convert|10|°C|°F|0}}.

The precipitation threshold in millimeters is determined by multiplying the average annual temperature in [[Celsius]] by 20, then adding:{{ordered list |type=lower-alpha
| 280 if 70% or more of the total precipitation is in the spring and summer months (April–September in the Northern Hemisphere, or October–March in the Southern), or
| 140 if 30%–70% of the total precipitation is received during the spring and summer, or
| 0 if less than 30% of the total precipitation is received during the spring and summer.}}

If the annual precipitation is less than 50% of this threshold, the classification is BW (arid: desert climate); if it is in the range of 50%–100% of the threshold, the classification is BS ([[Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]]: steppe climate).<ref name="Beck" /><ref name="Peel" />

A third letter can be included to indicate temperature. Here, h signifies low-latitude climates (average annual temperature above {{convert|18|°C|°F|1}}) while k signifies middle-latitude climates (average annual temperature less than 18 °C). In addition, n is used to denote a climate characterized by frequent fog and H for high altitudes.<ref name="Cereceda" /><ref name="gepchile">{{Cite web |title=Clasificación climática de Köppen |url=http://www.gep.uchile.cl/Biodiversidad/medio_fisico/clima_01.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122045953/http://www.gep.uchile.cl/Biodiversidad/medio_fisico/clima_01.html |archive-date=22 January 2018 |access-date=21 January 2018 |publisher=University of Chile |language=es}}</ref><ref name="Inzunza">{{Cite web |last=Inzunza |first=Juan |title=Capitulo 15. Climas de Chile |url=http://nimbus.com.uy/weather/Cursos/Curso_2006/Textos%20complementarios/Meteorologia%20descriptiva_Inzunza/cap15_Inzunza_Climas%20de%20Chile.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122051833/http://nimbus.com.uy/weather/Cursos/Curso_2006/Textos%20complementarios/Meteorologia%20descriptiva_Inzunza/cap15_Inzunza_Climas%20de%20Chile.pdf |archive-date=22 January 2018 |access-date=22 January 2018 |website=Meteorología Descriptiva y Aplicaciones en Chile |page=427 |language=es}}</ref>
* ''BWh'' = [[Hot desert climate]]
* ''BWk'' = [[Cold desert climate]]
* ''BSh'' = [[Hot semi-arid climate]]
* ''BSk'' = [[Cold semi-arid climate]]

===Group C: Temperate climates===
[[File:West Penwith Coast2.jpg|thumb|right|[[Cornwall]], UK, has a temperate oceanic climate]]

[[Temperate climate]]s have the coldest month averaging between {{convert|0|°C|°F|0}}<ref name="Peel" /> (or {{convert|-3|°C|°F|1}})<ref name="kottek2006" /> and {{convert|18|°C|°F|1}} and at least one month averaging above {{convert|10|°C|°F|0}}.<ref name="Peel" /><ref name="kottek2006" /> For the distribution of precipitation in locations that both satisfy a dry summer (Cs) and a dry winter (Cw), a location is considered to have a wet summer (Cw) when more precipitation falls within the summer months than the winter months while a location is considered to have a dry summer (Cs) when more precipitation falls within the winter months.<ref name=Peel/> This additional criterion applies to locations that satisfies both Ds and Dw as well.<ref name=Peel/>
* ''Cfa'' = [[Humid subtropical climate]]; coldest month averaging above {{convert|0|°C|°F|0}} (or {{convert|-3|°C|°F|1}}), at least one month's average temperature above {{convert|22|°C|°F|1}}, and at least four months averaging above {{convert|10|°C|°F|0}}. No significant precipitation difference between seasons (neither the abovementioned set of conditions fulfilled).
* ''Cfb'' = Temperate [[oceanic climate]] or [[subtropical highland climate]]; coldest month averaging above {{convert|0|°C|°F|0}} (or {{convert|-3|°C|°F|1}}), all months with average temperatures below {{convert|22|°C|°F|1}}, and at least four months averaging above {{convert|10|°C|°F|0}}. No significant precipitation difference between seasons (neither the abovementioned set of conditions fulfilled).
* ''Cfc'' = [[Subpolar oceanic climate]]; coldest month averaging above {{convert|0|°C|°F|0}} (or {{convert|-3|°C|°F|1}}) and 1–3 months averaging above {{convert|10|°C|°F|0}}. No significant precipitation difference between seasons (neither the abovementioned set of conditions fulfilled).
* ''Cwa'' = [[Monsoon]]-influenced humid subtropical climate; coldest month averaging above {{convert|0|°C|°F|0}} (or {{convert|-3|°C|°F|1}}), at least one month's average temperature above {{convert|22|°C|°F|1}}, and at least four months averaging above {{convert|10|°C|°F|0}}. At least ten times as much rain in the wettest month of summer as in the driest month of winter.
* ''Cwb'' = [[Subtropical highland climate]] or Monsoon-influenced temperate oceanic climate; coldest month averaging above {{convert|0|°C|°F|0}} (or {{convert|-3|°C|°F|1}}), all months with average temperatures below {{convert|22|°C|°F|1}}, and at least four months averaging above {{convert|10|°C|°F|0}}. At least ten times as much rain in the wettest month of summer as in the driest month of winter.
* ''Cwc'' = Cold [[subtropical highland climate]] or Monsoon-influenced subpolar oceanic climate; coldest month averaging above {{convert|0|°C|°F|0}} (or {{convert|-3|°C|°F|1}}) and 1–3 months averaging above {{convert|10|°C|°F|0}}. At least ten times as much rain in the wettest month of summer as in the driest month of winter.
* ''Csa'' = [[Hot-summer Mediterranean climate]]; coldest month averaging above {{convert|0|°C|°F|0}} (or {{convert|-3|°C|°F|1}}), at least one month's average temperature above {{convert|22|°C|°F|1}}, and at least four months averaging above {{convert|10|°C|°F|0}}. At least three times as much precipitation in the wettest month of winter as in the driest month of summer, and the driest month of summer receives less than {{convert|40|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Beck" />
* ''Csb'' = [[Warm-summer Mediterranean climate]]; coldest month averaging above {{convert|0|°C|°F|0}} (or {{convert|-3|°C|°F|1}}), all months with average temperatures below {{convert|22|°C|°F|1}}, and at least four months averaging above {{convert|10|°C|°F|0}}. At least three times as much precipitation in the wettest month of winter as in the driest month of summer, and the driest month of summer receives less than {{convert|40|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Beck" />
* ''Csc'' = [[Mediterranean climate#Cold-summer Mediterranean climate|Cold-summer Mediterranean climate]]; coldest month averaging above {{convert|0|°C|°F|0}} (or {{convert|-3|°C|°F|1}}) and 1–3 months averaging above {{convert|10|°C|°F|0}}. At least three times as much precipitation in the wettest month of winter as in the driest month of summer, and the driest month of summer receives less than {{convert|40|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Beck" />

===Group D: Continental climates===
[[File:Chenarivervalley.jpg|thumb|right|[[Boreal forest]] in [[Alaska]] has a subarctic climate]]

[[Continental climate]]s have at least one month averaging below {{convert|0|°C|°F|0}} (or {{convert|-3|°C|°F|1}}) and at least one month averaging above {{convert|10|°C|°F|0}}.<ref name="Peel" /><ref name="kottek2006" />
* ''Dfa'' = Hot-summer [[humid continental climate]]; coldest month averaging below {{convert|0|°C|°F|0}} (or {{convert|-3|°C|°F|1}}), at least one month's average temperature above {{convert|22|°C|°F|1}}, and at least four months averaging above {{convert|10|°C|°F|0}}. No significant precipitation difference between seasons (neither the abovementioned set of conditions fulfilled).
* ''Dfb'' = Warm-summer [[humid continental climate]]; coldest month averaging below {{convert|0|°C|°F|0}} (or {{convert|-3|°C|°F|1}}), all months with average temperatures below {{convert|22|°C|°F|1}}, and at least four months averaging above {{convert|10|°C|°F|0}}. No significant precipitation difference between seasons (neither the abovementioned set of conditions fulfilled).
* ''Dfc'' = [[Subarctic climate]]; coldest month averaging below {{convert|0|°C|°F|0}} (or {{convert|-3|°C|°F|1}}) and 1–3 months averaging above {{convert|10|°C|°F|0}}. No significant precipitation difference between seasons (neither the abovementioned set of conditions fulfilled).
* ''Dfd'' = Extremely cold subarctic climate; coldest month averaging below {{convert|−38|°C|°F|1}} and 1–3 months averaging above {{convert|10|°C|°F|0}}. No significant precipitation difference between seasons (neither the abovementioned set of conditions fulfilled).
* ''Dwa'' = Monsoon-influenced hot-summer humid continental climate; coldest month averaging below {{convert|0|°C|°F|0}} (or {{convert|-3|°C|°F|1}}), at least one month's average temperature above {{convert|22|°C|°F|1}}, and at least four months averaging above {{convert|10|°C|°F|0}}. At least ten times as much rain in the wettest month of summer as in the driest month of winter.
* ''Dwb'' = Monsoon-influenced warm-summer humid continental climate; coldest month averaging below {{convert|0|°C|°F|0}} (or {{convert|-3|°C|°F|1}}), all months with average temperatures below {{convert|22|°C|°F|1}}, and at least four months averaging above {{convert|10|°C|°F|0}}. At least ten times as much rain in the wettest month of summer as in the driest month of winter.
* ''Dwc'' = Monsoon-influenced [[subarctic climate]]; coldest month averaging below {{convert|0|°C|°F|0}} (or {{convert|-3|°C|°F|1}}) and 1–3 months averaging above {{convert|10|°C|°F|0}}. At least ten times as much rain in the wettest month of summer as in the driest month of winter.
* ''Dwd'' = Monsoon-influenced extremely cold [[subarctic climate]]; coldest month averaging below {{convert|−38|°C|°F|1}} and 1–3 months averaging above {{convert|10|°C|°F|0}}. At least ten times as much rain in the wettest month of summer as in the driest month of winter.
* ''Dsa'' = [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]]-influenced hot-summer humid continental climate; coldest month averaging below {{convert|0|°C|°F|0}} (or {{convert|-3|°C|°F|1}}), average temperature of the warmest month above {{convert|22|°C|°F|1}} and at least four months averaging above {{convert|10|°C|°F|0}}. At least three times as much precipitation in the wettest month of winter as in the driest month of summer, and the driest month of summer receives less than {{convert|40|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Beck" />
* ''Dsb'' = Mediterranean-influenced warm-summer humid continental climate; coldest month averaging below {{convert|0|°C|°F|0}} (or {{convert|-3|°C|°F|1}}), average temperature of the warmest month below {{convert|22|°C|°F|1}} and at least four months averaging above {{convert|10|°C|°F|0}}. At least three times as much precipitation in the wettest month of winter as in the driest month of summer, and the driest month of summer receives less than {{convert|40|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Beck" />
* ''Dsc'' = Mediterranean-influenced subarctic climate; coldest month averaging below {{convert|0|°C|°F|0}} (or {{convert|-3|°C|°F|1}}) and 1–3 months averaging above {{convert|10|°C|°F|0}}. At least three times as much precipitation in the wettest month of winter as in the driest month of summer, and the driest month of summer receives less than {{convert|40|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Beck" />
* ''Dsd'' = Mediterranean-influenced extremely cold subarctic climate; coldest month averaging below {{convert|−38|°C|°F|1}} and 1–3 months averaging above {{convert|10|°C|°F|0}}. At least three times as much precipitation in the wettest month of winter as in the driest month of summer, and the driest month of summer receives less than {{convert|40|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Beck" />

===Group E: Polar and alpine climates===

[[Polar climate|Polar]] and [[alpine climate]]s has every month of the year with an average temperature below {{convert|10|°C|°F|0}}.<ref name="Beck" /><ref name="Peel" />
* ''ET'' = [[Tundra climate]]; average temperature of warmest month between {{convert|0|°C|°F|0}} and {{convert|10|°C|°F|0}}.<ref name="Beck" /><ref name="Peel" />
* ''EF'' = [[Ice cap climate]]; eternal winter, with all 12 months of the year with average temperatures below {{convert|0|°C|°F|0}}.<ref name="Beck" /><ref name="Peel" />

== Group A: Tropical/megathermal climates ==
[[File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_A_1991–2020.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|Tropical climate distribution]]
[[Tropical climate]]s are characterized by constant high temperatures (at sea level and low elevations); all 12 months of the year have average temperatures of 18 °C (64.4 °F) or higher; and generally high annual precipitation. They are subdivided as follows:

=== ''Af'': Tropical rainforest climate ===
{{Main|Tropical rainforest climate}}

All 12 months have an average precipitation of at least {{Convert|60|mm|abbr=on}}. These climates usually occur within 10° latitude of the [[equator]]. This climate has no natural seasons in terms of thermal and moisture changes.<ref name="McKnight" /> When it is dominated most of the year by the [[doldrums]] low-pressure system due to the presence of the [[Intertropical Convergence Zone]] (ITCZ) and when there are no cyclones then the climate is qualified as equatorial. When the [[trade winds]] dominate most of the year, the climate is a tropical trade-wind rainforest climate.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Estienne |first1=Pierre |title=Climatologie |last2=Godard |first2=Alain |publisher=Éditions Armand Colin |isbn=2-200-31042-0 |pages=308–323 |language=fr |chapter=Chapitre XVI}}</ref>

Some of the places with this climate are indeed uniformly and monotonously wet throughout the year (e.g., the northwest [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] coast of [[South America|South]] and [[Central America]], from [[Ecuador]] to [[Costa Rica]]; see, for instance, [[Andagoya]], Colombia), but in many cases, the period of higher sun and longer days is distinctly wettest (as at [[Palembang]], Indonesia) or the time of lower sun and shorter days may have more rain (as at [[Sitiawan]], Malaysia). Among these places, some have a pure equatorial climate (Balikpapan, Kuala Lumpur, Kuching, Lae, Medan, Paramaribo, Pontianak, and Singapore) with the dominant ITCZ aerological mechanism and no cyclones or a subequatorial climate with occasional hurricanes (Davao, Ratnapura, Victoria).{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}

(The term [[season|aseasonal]] refers to the lack in the tropical zone of large differences in daylight hours and mean monthly (or daily) temperature throughout the year. Annual cyclic changes occur in the tropics, but not as predictably as those in the temperate zone, albeit unrelated to temperature, but to water availability whether as rain, mist, soil, or groundwater. Plant response (e.g., [[phenology]]), animal (feeding, migration, reproduction, etc.), and human activities (plant sowing, harvesting, hunting, fishing, etc.) are tuned to this 'seasonality'. Indeed, in tropical South America and Central America, the 'rainy season' (and the 'high water season') is called {{lang|es|[[rainy season|invierno]]}} (Spanish) or {{lang|pt|inverno}} (Portuguese), though it could occur in the Northern Hemisphere summer; likewise, the 'dry season (and 'low water season') is called {{lang|es|[[dry season|verano]]}} or {{lang|pt|verão}}, and can occur in the Northern Hemisphere winter).{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}

=== ''Am'': Tropical monsoon climate ===
{{Main|Tropical monsoon climate}}
This type of climate results from the [[monsoon]] winds which change direction according to the seasons. This climate has a driest month (which nearly always occurs at or soon after the "winter" solstice for that side of the equator) with rainfall less than {{convert|60|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}, but at least <math display="inline">100-\left (\frac{\mathrm{total\,annual\,precipitation\,(mm)}}{25} \right)</math> of average monthly precipitation.<ref name="McKnight" />{{rp|208}}

=== ''Aw/As'': Tropical savanna climate ===
{{Main|Tropical savanna climate}}[[File:Elephant herd (5912064891).jpg|thumb|right|Aerial photograph of [[elephant]]s in the tropical savanna, [[Boma National Park|Boma-Jonglei]], [[South Sudan]]]]

==== ''Aw'': Tropical savanna climate with dry winters ====

''Aw'' climates have a pronounced dry season, with the driest month having precipitation less than {{convert|60|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} and less than <math display="inline">100-\left (\frac{\mathrm{total\,annual\,precipitation\,(mm)}}{25} \right)</math> of average monthly precipitation.<ref name="McKnight" />{{rp|208–211}}

Most places that have this climate are found at the outer margins of the [[tropical]] zone from the low teens to the mid-20s latitudes, but occasionally an inner-tropical location (e.g., [[San Marcos, Antioquia]], Colombia) also qualifies. The [[Caribbean Sea|Caribbean]] coast, eastward from the [[Gulf of Urabá]] on the [[Colombia]]–[[Panama]] border to the [[Orinoco River]] delta, on the [[Atlantic Ocean]] (about {{Convert|4000|km|abbr=on}}), have long dry periods (the extreme is the ''BWh'' climate, characterized by very low, unreliable precipitation, present, for instance, in extensive areas in the [[Guajira Peninsula|Guajira]], and [[Coro region|Coro]], western [[Venezuela]], the northernmost peninsulas in South America, which receive <{{Convert|300|mm|abbr=on}} total annual precipitation, practically all in two or three months).

This condition extends to the [[Lesser Antilles]] and [[Greater Antilles]] forming the circum-Caribbean dry belt. The length and severity of the dry season diminish inland (southward); at the latitude of the Amazon River—which flows eastward, just south of the [[equator]]ial line—the climate is ''Af''. East from the [[Andes]], between the dry, arid Caribbean and the ever-wet Amazon are the Orinoco River's [[Llanos]] or [[savanna]]s, from where this climate takes its name.

==== ''As'': Tropical savanna climate with dry summers ====

Sometimes ''As'' is used in place of ''Aw'' if the dry season occurs during the time of higher sun and longer days (during summer).<ref name="kottek2006" /><ref name="nwskoppen">{{Cite web |title=JetStream Max: Addition Köppen-Geiger Climate Subdivisions |url=https://www.weather.gov/jetstream/climate_max |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224025419/https://www.weather.gov/jetstream/climate_max |archive-date=24 December 2018 |access-date=24 December 2018 |publisher=National Weather Service}}</ref> This is the case in parts of [[Hawaii]], northwestern Dominican Republic, Eastern Africa, southeast India and northeast Sri Lanka, and the Brazilian Northeastern Coast. In places that have this climate type, the dry season occurs during the time of high sun and longer days generally because of [[rain shadow]] effects.

== Group B: Arid (desert and semi-arid) climates ==
{{Main|Desert climate|Semi-arid climate}}
[[File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_B_1991–2020.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|[[Arid climate]] distribution]]

These climates are characterized by the amount of annual precipitation less than a threshold value that approximates the [[potential evapotranspiration]].<ref name="McKnight" />{{rp|212}} The threshold value (in millimeters) is calculated as follows:

Multiply the average annual temperature in °C by 20, then add{{ordered list|type=lower-alpha
| 280 if 70% or more of the total precipitation is in the high-sun half of the year (April through September in the Northern Hemisphere, or October through March in the Southern), or
| 140 if 30%–70% of the total precipitation is received during the applicable period, or
| 0 if less than 30% of the total precipitation is so received.}}

According to the modified Köppen classification system used by modern climatologists, total precipitation in the warmest six months of the year is taken as a reference instead of the total precipitation in the high-sun half of the year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Critchfield, H.J. |year=1983 |title=Criteria for classification of major climatic types in modified Köppen system |url=http://snow.cals.uidaho.edu/Clim_Map/koppen_criteria.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930221104/http://snow.cals.uidaho.edu/Clim_Map/koppen_criteria.htm |archive-date=30 September 2009 |publisher=University of Idaho |edition=4}}</ref>

If the annual precipitation is less than 50% of this threshold, the classification is ''BW'' (arid: [[desert climate]]); if it is in the range of 50%–100% of the threshold, the classification is ''BS'' (semi-arid: [[semi-arid climate|steppe climate]]).

A third letter can be included to indicate temperature. Here, ''h'' signifies low-latitude climate (average annual temperature above 18 °C) while ''k'' signified middle-latitude climate (average annual temperature below 18 °C).

Desert areas situated along the west coasts of continents at tropical or near-tropical locations characterized by [[Fog desert|frequent fog]] and low clouds, although these places rank among the driest on earth in terms of actual precipitation received, can be labeled ''BWn'' with the n denoting a climate characterized by frequent fog.<ref name="Cereceda">{{Cite journal |last1=Cereceda |first1=P. |last2=Larrain |first2=H. |last3=osses |first3=P. |last4=Farias |first4=M. |last5=Egaña |first5=I. |year=2008 |title=The climate of the coast and fog zone in the Tarapacá Region, Atacama Desert, Chile |journal=Atmospheric Research |volume=87 |issue=3–4 |pages=301–311 |bibcode=2008AtmRe..87..301C |doi=10.1016/j.atmosres.2007.11.011 |hdl-access=free |hdl=10533/139314}}</ref><ref name="gepchile" /><ref name="Inzunza" /> An equivalent ''BSn'' category can be found in foggy coastal steppes.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2017 |title=Atlas Agroclimático de Chile–Estado Actual y Tendencias del Clima (Tomo I: Regiones de Arica Y Parinacota, Tarapacá y Antofagasta |url=http://www.agrimed.cl/atlas/tomo1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222105247/http://www.agrimed.cl/atlas/tomo1.html |archive-date=22 December 2018 |access-date=9 December 2018 |publisher=Universidad de Chile |language=es}}</ref>

=== ''BW'': Arid climates ===
{{main|Desert climate}}
[[File:Namibská poušť - panoramio.jpg|thumb|right|Namib Desert]]

The desert climate or arid climate (''BW'') is a [[dry climate]] sub-type in which there is a severe excess of [[evaporation]] over [[precipitation]]. The typically bald, rocky, or sandy surfaces in desert climates are dry and hold little moisture, quickly evaporating the already little rainfall they receive. Covering 14.2% of Earth's land area, hot deserts are the second-most common type of climate on Earth after the [[Polar climate]].<ref name="peel et al">{{cite journal |last1=Peel |first1=M.C. |last2=Finlayson |first2=B.L. |last3=McMahon |first3=T.A. |title=Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification |url=https://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=1633–1644 |year=2007 |access-date=2019-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202204538/https://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |archive-date=2019-12-02 |bibcode=2007HESS...11.1633P |doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

There are two variations of a [[desert]] climate: a hot desert climate (''BWh''), and a cold desert climate (''BWk''). To delineate "hot desert climates" from "cold desert climates", a mean annual temperature of {{cvt|18|C|1}} is used as an isotherm so that a location with a ''BW'' type climate with the appropriate temperature above this isotherm is classified as "hot arid subtype" (''BW'''h'''''), and a location with the appropriate temperature below the isotherm is classified as "cold arid subtype" (''BW'''k''''').

Most desert/arid climates receive between {{cvt|25|and|200|mm|0}} of rainfall annually,<ref>{{cite book |title=Deserts and Desert Environments |first=Julie J. |last=Laity |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2009 |page=7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wtAbzLLTcwcC&pg=PR5 |isbn=978-1-4443-0074-1 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-11-01 |title=What is a Desert Climate? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-a-desert-climate.html |access-date=2022-04-23 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226192324/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-a-desert-climate.html |url-status=live }}</ref> although some of the most consistently hot areas of [[Central Australia]], the [[Sahel]] and [[Guajira Peninsula]] can be, due to extreme [[potential evapotranspiration]], classed as arid with the annual rainfall as high as {{convert|430|mm|in|0|disp=or}}.

==== ''BWh'': Hot deserts ====
Hot desert climates (''BWh'') are typically found under the [[subtropical ridge]] in the lower middle latitudes or the [[subtropics]], often between 20° and 33° north and south latitudes. In these locations, stable descending air and high pressure aloft clear clouds and create hot, arid conditions with intense sunshine. Hot desert climates are found across vast areas of [[North Africa]], [[West Asia]], northwestern parts of the [[Indian subcontinent]], southwestern Africa, interior Australia, the [[Southwestern United States]], northern [[Mexico]], the coast of [[Peru]] and [[Chile]], parts of the Brazilian [[sertão]] and the southeastern coast of [[Spain]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aemet.es/documentos/es/conocermas/recursos_en_linea/publicaciones_y_estudios/publicaciones/MapasclimaticosdeEspana19912020.pdf|title=Spain climate maps 1991-2020|access-date=28 March 2025|publisher=Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia|language=es}}</ref> This makes hot deserts present in every continent except Antarctica. At the time of high sun (summer), scorching, desiccating heat prevails. Hot-month average temperatures are normally between {{cvt|29|and|35|C}}, and midday readings of {{convert|43–46|C|F}} are common.{{cn|date=June 2025}}

==== ''BWk'': Cold deserts ====
[[File:Snow Comes to the Atacama Desert.jpg|thumb|Rare snow in the [[Atacama Desert]], at {{cvt|2600|m|ft}} elevation]]
Cold desert climates (''BWk'') usually feature hot (or warm in a few instances), dry summers, though summers are not typically as hot as hot desert climates. Unlike hot desert climates, cold desert climates tend to feature cold, dry winters. Snow tends to be rare in regions with this climate. The [[Gobi Desert]] in northern China and Mongolia is one example of a cold desert. Though hot in the summer, it shares the freezing winters of the rest of [[Inner Asia]]. Summers in South America's [[Atacama Desert]] are mild, with only slight temperature variations between seasons. Cold desert climates are typically found at higher altitudes than hot desert climates and are usually drier than hot desert climates. Cold desert climates are typically located in temperate zones in the 30s and 40s latitudes, usually in the leeward [[rain shadow]] of high mountains, restricting precipitation from the westerly winds.{{cn|date=June 2025}}

=== ''BS'': Semi-arid (steppe) climates ===
{{main|Semi-arid climate}}
[[File:BS climate.png|thumb|upright=1.6|Regions with semi-arid climates]]

A semi-arid or steppe climate is a [[aridity|dry climate]] sub-type. It is located on regions that receive [[precipitation]] below [[Evapotranspiration#Potential evapotranspiration|potential evapotranspiration]], but not as low as a [[desert climate]]. There are different kinds of semi-arid climates, depending on variables such as temperature, and they give rise to different [[biome]]s.

==== ''BSh'': Hot semi-arid ====
Hot semi-arid climates (type "BSh") tend to be located from the high teens to mid-30s latitudes of the [[tropics]] and [[subtropics]], typically in proximity to regions with a [[tropical savanna climate]] or a [[humid subtropical climate]]. These climates tend to have hot, or sometimes extremely hot, summers and warm to cool winters, with some to minimal precipitation. Hot semi-arid climates are most commonly found around the fringes of subtropical deserts.{{cn|date=June 2025}}

==== ''BSk'': Cold semi-arid ====
Cold semi-arid climates (type "BSk") tend to be located in elevated portions of [[temperate zones]] generally from the mid-30s to low 50s latitudes, typically bordering a [[humid continental climate]] or a [[Mediterranean climate]]. They are also typically found in continental interiors some distance from large bodies of water. Cold semi-arid climates usually feature warm to hot dry summers, though their summers are typically not quite as hot as those of hot semi-arid climates. Unlike hot semi-arid climates, areas with cold semi-arid climates tend to have cold and possibly freezing winters. These areas usually see some [[snowfall]] during the winter, though snowfall is much lower than at locations at similar latitudes with more humid climates.{{cn|date=June 2025}}

== Group C: Temperate/mesothermal climates ==
{{Main|Temperate climate}}
[[File:Koppen-Geiger Map v2 C 1991–2020.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|[[Temperate climate]] distribution]]

In the Köppen climate system, temperate climates are defined as having an average temperature above {{convert|0|°C|°F}} (or {{convert|-3|°C|°F|1}}, as noted previously) in their coldest month but below {{convert|18|°C|°F|1}}. The average temperature of {{convert|-3|°C|°F|1}} roughly coincides with the equatorward limit of frozen ground and snow cover lasting for a month or more.

The second letter indicates the precipitation pattern—''w'' indicates dry winters (driest winter month average precipitation less than one-tenth wettest summer month average precipitation). ''s'' indicates at least three times as much rain in the wettest month of winter as in the driest month of summer. ''f'' means significant precipitation in all seasons (neither above-mentioned set of conditions fulfilled).<ref name="Beck" />

The third letter indicates the degree of summer heat—''a'' indicates warmest month average temperature above {{convert|22|°C|°F|1}} while ''b'' indicates warmest month averaging below 22 °C but with at least four months averaging above {{convert|10|°C|°F|1}}, and ''c'' indicates one to three months averaging above {{convert|10|°C|°F|1}}.<ref name="Beck" /><ref name="Peel" /><ref name="kottek2006" />

===''Cs'': Mediterranean-type climates===
{{Main|Mediterranean climate}}
[[File:Blue_Lagoon_-_2014.10_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Aegean Sea at [[Ölüdeniz]], Turkey]]

==== ''Csa'': Hot-summer Mediterranean climates ====

These climates usually occur on the western sides of continents between the latitudes of 30° and 45°.<ref>{{Cite web |last=George |first=Melvin R. |title=Mediterranean Climate |url=http://californiarangeland.ucdavis.edu/Mediterranean_Climate/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304235950/http://californiarangeland.ucdavis.edu/Mediterranean_Climate/ |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=26 January 2015 |website=UCRangelands |publisher=University of California}}</ref> These climates are in the polar front region in winter, and thus have moderate temperatures and changeable, rainy weather. Summers are hot and dry, due to the domination of the subtropical high-pressure systems, except in the immediate coastal areas, where summers are milder due to the nearby presence of cold ocean currents that may bring [[fog]] but prevent rain.<ref name="McKnight" />{{rp|221–223}}

==== ''Csb'': Warm-summer Mediterranean climates ====
Dry-summer climates sometimes extend to additional areas where the warmest month average temperatures do not reach {{convert|22|C|1}}, most often in the 40s latitudes. These climates are classified as ''Csb''.<ref name="Beck" />

==== ''Csc'': Cold-summer Mediterranean climates ====
Cold summer Mediterranean climates (''Csc'') exist in high-elevation areas adjacent to coastal ''Csb'' climate areas, where the strong maritime influence prevents the average winter monthly temperature from dropping below {{Convert|0|°C|abbr=on}}. This climate is rare and is predominantly found in climate fringes and isolated areas of the Cascades and Andes Mountains, as the dry-summer climate extends further poleward in the Americas than elsewhere.<ref name="McKnight" /> Rare instances of this climate can be found in some coastal locations in the North Atlantic and at high altitudes in Hawaii.

=== ''Cfa'': Humid subtropical climates ===
{{Main|Humid subtropical climate}}
[[File:漓江山水.jpg|thumb|Humid subtropical climate in [[Li River]], China]]
These climates usually occur on the eastern coasts and eastern sides of continents, usually in the high 20s and 30s latitudes. Unlike the dry summer Mediterranean climates, humid subtropical climates have a warm and wet flow from the tropics that creates warm and moist conditions in the summer months. As such, summer (not winter as is the case in Mediterranean climates) is often the wettest season.

The flow out of the subtropical highs and the summer monsoon creates a southerly flow from the tropics that brings warm and moist air to the lower east sides of continents. This flow is often what brings the frequent and strong but short-lived summer thundershowers so typical of the more southerly subtropical climates like the southeast United States, southern China, and Japan.<ref name="McKnight" />{{rp|223–226}}

=== ''Cfb'': Oceanic climates ===
{{main|Oceanic climate}}
==== Marine west coast climate ====
''Cfb'' climates usually occur in the higher middle latitudes on the western sides of continents; they are typically situated immediately poleward of the Mediterranean climates in the 40s and 50s latitudes. However, in southeast Australia, southeast South America, and extreme southern Africa this climate is found immediately poleward of temperate climates, on places near the coast and at a somewhat lower latitude. In western Europe, this climate occurs in coastal areas up to 68°N in Norway.

These climates are dominated all year round by the polar front, leading to changeable, often overcast weather. Summers are mild due to cool ocean currents. Winters are milder than other climates in similar latitudes, but usually very cloudy, and frequently wet. ''Cfb'' climates are also encountered at high elevations in certain subtropical and tropical areas, where the climate would be that of a subtropical/tropical rainforest if not for the altitude. These climates are called "highlands".<ref name="McKnight" />{{rp|226–229}}

==== Subtropical highland climate with uniform rainfall ====
{{main|Oceanic climate#Subtropical highland variety (Cfb, Cwb)}}
Subtropical highland climates with uniform rainfall (''Cfb'') are a type of oceanic climate mainly found in the highlands of [[Australia]], such as in or around the [[Great Dividing Range]] in the north of the state of [[New South Wales]], and also sparsely in other continents, such as in [[South America]], among others. Unlike a typical ''Cwb'' climate, they tend to have rainfall spread evenly throughout the year. They have characteristics of both the ''Cfb'' and ''Cfa'' climates, but unlike these climates, they have a high [[diurnal temperature variation]] and low humidity, owing to their inland location and relatively high [[elevation]].

=== ''Cfc'': Subpolar oceanic climate ===
Subpolar oceanic climates (''Cfc'') occur poleward of or at higher elevations than the maritime temperate climates and are mostly confined either to narrow coastal strips on the western poleward margins of the continents, or, especially in the Northern Hemisphere, to islands off such coasts. They occur in both hemispheres, generally in the high 50s and 60s latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere and the 50s latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere.<ref name="McKnight" />

=== ''Cw'': Dry-winter subtropical climates ===

====''Cwa'': Dry-winter humid subtropical climate====
''Cwa'' is a monsoonal influenced version of the [[humid subtropical climate]], having the classic dry winter–wet summer pattern associated with tropical monsoonal climates. They are found at similar latitudes as the ''Cfa'' climates, except in regions where monsoons are more prevalent. These regions are in the [[Southern Cone]] of South America, the [[Indo-Gangetic Plain|Gangetic Plain]] of South Asia, southeastern Africa, parts of East Asia and Mexico, and [[Northern Vietnam]] of Southeast Asia.

==== ''Cwb'': Dry-winter subtropical highland climate ====
Dry-winter subtropical highland climate (''Cwb'') is a type of climate mainly found in highlands inside the tropics of [[Central America]], [[South America]], [[Africa]], and [[South Asia|South]] and [[Southeast Asia]] or areas in the subtropics. Winters are noticeable and dry, and summers can be very rainy. In the tropics, the monsoon is provoked by the tropical air masses and the dry winters by subtropical high pressure.

==== ''Cwc'': Dry-winter cold subtropical highland climate ====
Dry-winter cold subtropical highland climates (''Cwc'') exist in high-elevation areas adjacent to ''Cwb'' climates. This climate is rare and is found mainly in isolated locations mostly in the Andes in Bolivia and Peru, as well as in sparse mountain locations in Southeast Asia.

== Group D: Continental/microthermal climates ==
{{Main|Continental climate}}
[[File:Koppen-Geiger Map v2 D 1991–2020.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|[[Continental climate]] distribution]]

These climates have an average temperature above {{Convert|10|°C|abbr=on}} in their warmest months, and the coldest month average below {{Convert|0|°C|abbr=on}} (or {{convert|-3|°C|°F|1}}, as noted previously). These usually occur in the interiors of continents and on their upper east coasts, normally north of 40°N. In the Southern Hemisphere, group D climates are extremely rare due to the smaller land masses in the middle latitudes and the almost complete absence of land at 40–60°S, existing only in some highland locations.

=== ''Dfa/Dwa/Dsa'': Hot summer humid continental climates ===

{{Main|Hot-summer humid continental climate}}
[[File:Odori_Park_Sapporo_Snow_Festival_2007.JPG|thumb|upright|The snowy city of [[Sapporo]], Japan, has a humid continental climate (''Dfa'')]]
''Dfa'' climates usually occur in the high 30s and low 40s latitudes, with a qualifying average temperature in the warmest month of greater than {{convert|22|C}}. In Europe, these climates tend to be much drier than in North America. ''Dsa'' exists at higher elevations adjacent to areas with hot summer Mediterranean (''Csa'') climates.<ref name="McKnight" />{{rp|231–32}}

These climates exist only in the Northern Hemisphere because the Southern Hemisphere has no large landmasses isolated from the moderating effects of the sea within the middle latitudes.

In eastern Asia, ''Dwa'' climates extend further south into the mid-30s latitudes due to the influence of the Siberian high-pressure system, which also causes winters there to be dry, and summers can be very wet because of [[monsoon]] circulation.

=== ''Dfb/Dwb/Dsb'': Warm summer humid continental/hemiboreal climates ===
{{Main|Warm-summer humid continental climate}}
''Dfb'' climates are immediately poleward of hot summer continental climates, generally in the high 40s and low 50s latitudes in North America and Asia, and also extending to higher latitudes into the high 50s and low 60s latitudes in central and eastern Europe, between the maritime temperate and continental subarctic climates.<ref name="McKnight" />

Like with all Group D climates, ''Dwb'' climates mostly only occur in the northern hemisphere.

''Dsb'' arises from the same scenario as ''Dsa'', but at even higher altitudes or latitudes, and chiefly in North America, since the Mediterranean climates extend further poleward than in Eurasia.

=== ''Dfc/Dwc/Dsc'': Subarctic/boreal climates ===
{{Main|Subarctic climate}}
''Dfc'', ''Dsc'' and ''Dwc'' climates occur poleward of the other group D climates, or at higher altitudes, generally in the 50s and 60s latitudes.<ref name="McKnight" />{{rp|232–235}}

==={{anchor|Dfd}}{{anchor|Dwd}}{{anchor|Dsd}}''Dfd/Dwd/Dsd'': Subarctic/boreal climates with severe winters===
Places with this climate have severe winters, with the temperature in their coldest month lower than {{Convert|−38|°C|abbr=on}}. These climates occur only in eastern [[Siberia]], and are the second coldest, before EF. The coldest recorded temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere belonged to this climate. The names of some of the places with this climate have become veritable synonyms for the extreme, severe winter cold.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2017 |title=Climate Types: Types of Climate {{!}} Climatology |url=https://www.geographynotes.com/climate/types/climate-types-types-of-climate-climatology/5506 |access-date=17 June 2022 |website=Geography Notes}}</ref>

== Group E: Polar climates ==
[[File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_E_1991–2020.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|[[Polar climate]] distribution]]
In the Köppen climate system, polar climates are defined as the warmest temperature of any month being below {{Convert|10|°C|abbr=on}}. Polar climates are further divided into two types, tundra climates and icecap climates:

=== ''ET'': Tundra climate ===
{{main article|Tundra climate}}
[[Tundra climate]] (''ET''): warmest month has an average temperature between {{Convert|0|°C|abbr=on}} and {{Convert|10|°C|abbr=on}}. These climates occur on the northern edges of the North American and Eurasian land masses (generally north of 70 °N although they may be found farther south depending on local conditions), and on nearby islands. ''ET'' climates are also found on some islands near the Antarctic Convergence, and at high elevations outside the polar regions, above the tree line.

=== ''EF'': Ice cap climate ===
{{main article|Ice cap climate}}
[[File:Denman Glacier.jpg|thumb|right|[[Denman Glacier]], Antarctica]]
[[Ice cap climate]] (''EF''): this climate is dominant in Antarctica, inner [[Greenland]], and summits of many high mountains, even at lower latitudes. Monthly average temperatures never exceed {{Convert|0|°C|abbr=on}}.

== Ecological significance ==
=== Biomass ===
The Köppen climate classification is based on the empirical relationship between climate and vegetation. This classification provides an efficient way to describe climatic conditions defined by temperature and precipitation and their seasonality with a single metric. Because climatic conditions identified by the Köppen classification are ecologically relevant, it has been widely used to map the geographic distribution of long-term climate and associated ecosystem conditions.<ref name="Chen">{{Cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=D. |last2=Chen |first2=H. W. |year=2013 |title=Using the Köppen classification to quantify climate variation and change: An example for 1901–2010 |url=http://hanschen.org/uploads/Chen_and_Chen_2013_envdev.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Environmental Development |volume=6 |pages=69–79 |doi=10.1016/j.envdev.2013.03.007 |bibcode=2013EnvDe...6...69C |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031103425/http://hanschen.org/uploads/Chen_and_Chen_2013_envdev.pdf |archive-date=31 October 2014 |access-date=29 October 2014}}</ref>

=== Climate change ===
Over recent years, there has been an increasing interest in using the classification to identify changes in climate and potential changes in vegetation over time.<ref name="hanschen" /> The most important ecological significance of the Köppen climate classification is that it helps to predict the dominant vegetation type based on the climatic data and vice versa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Critchfield |first=Howard J |title=General Climatology |date=1983 |publisher=Prentice Hall |isbn=978-81-203-0476-5 |edition=4th |location=New Delhi |pages=154–161}}</ref>

In 2015, a [[Nanjing University]] paper published in ''Scientific Reports'' analyzing climate classifications found that between 1950 and 2010, approximately 5.7% of all land area worldwide had moved from wetter and colder classifications to drier and hotter classifications. The authors also found that the change "cannot be explained as natural variations but are driven by anthropogenic factors".<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chan, D. |last2=Wu, Q. |date=2015 |title=Significant anthropogenic-induced changes of climate classes since 1950 |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=5 |article-number=13487 |bibcode=2015NatSR...513487C |doi=10.1038/srep13487 |pmc=4551970 |pmid=26316255 |number=13487}}</ref>

A 2018 study provides detailed maps for present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Beck |first1=Hylke E. |last2=Zimmermann |first2=Niklaus E. |last3=McVicar |first3=Tim R. |last4=Vergopolan |first4=Noemi |last5=Berg |first5=Alexis |last6=Wood |first6=Eric F. |date=30 October 2018 |title=Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution |journal=Scientific Data |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=180214 |bibcode=2018NatSD...580214B |doi=10.1038/sdata.2018.214 |issn=2052-4463 |pmc=6207062 |pmid=30375988 |s2cid=53111021|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20220929235513/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Present-and-future-K%C3%B6ppen-Geiger-climate-maps-at-Beck-Zimmermann/81429b2682936e40bea504e03b23c345de4be087|archive-date=2022-09-29}}</ref>

== Other Köppen climate maps ==
All maps use the ≥{{Convert|0|°C|abbr=on}} definition for the temperate-continental border.<ref name="Beck" />
<gallery mode="packed" style="text-align:center">
File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_North_America_1991–2020.svg|North America
File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_Europe_1991–2020.svg|Europe
File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_RUS_1991–2020.svg|Russia
File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_Central_Asia_1991–2020.svg|Central Asia
File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_Eastern_Asia_1991–2020.svg|East Asia
File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_South_America_1991–2020.svg|South America
File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_Africa_1991–2020.svg|Africa
File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_Western_Asia_1991–2020.svg|Western Asia
File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_Southern_Asia_1991–2020.svg|South Asia
File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_Southeastern_Asia_1991–2020.svg|Southeast Asia
File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_Melanesia_1991–2020.svg|Melanesia/Oceania
File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_AUS_1991–2020.svg|Australia
File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_NZL_1991–2020.svg|New Zealand
File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_World_1991–2020.svg|World (1991–2020)
File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_World_2071–2099_SSP245.svg|World (2071–2099, SSP245)
</gallery>


== See also ==
* [[Trewartha climate classification]]
* [[Hardiness zone]]
* [[Holdridge life zones]]
* [[List of cities by Köppen climate classification]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Köppen-Geiger}}
* [https://360.org/climate/koppen-classification/ World maps and graphs plus a video about the Köppen climate classification]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100906034159/http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/ World Map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification for the period 1951–2000] (archived 6 September 2010)
*{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110084254/http://www.fao.org/nr/climpag/globgrids/KC_classification_en.asp |date=10 January 2021 |title=New gridded maps of Koeppen's climate classification (July 2006)}}

=== Climate records ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160418082322/http://www.ipcc-data.org/maps/ IPCC Data Distribution Center] (archived 18 April 2016)

{{Köppen}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Koppen Climate Classification}}
[[Category:Köppen climate types| ]]

Jinnahbhai Poonja

2026-03-27T10:42:26Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: Put up new article.

{{Short description|Businessman and father of Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1850–1902)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Jinnahbhai Poonja
| image = Jinnah Poonjha.jpg
| birth_date = {{circa|1850}}
| birth_place = [[Paneli Moti]], [[Gondal State]], [[Company Rule in India| British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|15 April 1902|1850}}
| death_place = [[Karachi]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]] 
| occupation = Businessman
| organization = {{plainlist|
* Jinnahbhai & Co.
* Graham's Shipping and Trading Company}}
| spouse = Mithibhai Jinnah
| children = 7
| relatives = See [[Jinnah family]]
}}
'''Jinnahbhai Poonja''' (c. 1850 – 15 April 1902) was a British Indian merchant. He was the founder and chairman of Jinnahbhai & Co. and Graham's Shipping and Trading Company. He is best known for being the father of [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], the [[Father of the Nation|founder]] of [[Pakistan]].

== Early and personal life ==
Jinnahbhai Poonja was born in [[Paneli Moti]], a small village in [[Gondal State]] (present-day [[Gujarat]]), to a [[Khoja]] family.<ref name="Panigrahi_2004">{{Cite book |last=Panigrahi |first=Devendra |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203324882 |title=India's Partition |date=19 August 2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-203-32488-2 |doi=10.4324/9780203324882}}</ref> Jinnahbhai had two brothers, Valji and Nathoo, and one sister, Manbai.<ref name="Jinnah_1987">{{Cite book |last=Jinnah |first=Fatima |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hwNuAAAAMAAJ |title=My Brother |date=1987 |publisher=Quaid-e-Azam Academy |isbn=978-969-413-036-1 |language=en}}</ref> He was born around the time of the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]], which marked a pivotal moment in subcontinental history by solidifying [[Crown rule in India]].

In 1874, Poonja married Mithibhai, a fellow Khoja from Dhaffa, a nearby village in Kathiawar.<ref name="Jinnah_1987" /> The couple eventually had 8 children: [[Mahomedali Jinnah|Mahomedali]], Ahmed Ali, Bunde Ali, Rahmat Bai, Shireen Bai, Maryam Bai Jinnah, [[Fatima Jinnah|Fatima]], and Bachu (died in infancy).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dani |first=Ahmad Hasan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d3JCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA52 |title=World Scholars on Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah |date=1979 |publisher=Quaid-i-Azam University |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Beg |first=Aziz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JeVtAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA92 |title=Jinnah and His Times: A Biography |date=1986 |publisher=Babur & Amer Publications |language=en}}</ref>

Poonja taught himself [[English language|English]], later teaching his children how to read and write English.<ref name="Jinnah_1987" /> He also became fluent in [[Persian language|Persian]] after interactions with [[Afghans|Afghan]] merchants merchants from [[Kandahar]] who came to Karachi. Poonja's native language was [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]].<ref name="Jinnah_1987" />

According to Indian author and historian D.N. Panigrahi, Poonja's ancestors, despite their Khoja affiliation, were significantly influenced by [[Hinduism|Hindu]] traditions, including [[Puja (Hinduism)|pujas]] such as ''Chatti''. Panigrahi goes on to state that Poonja's father, Poonja Meghji, gave Hindu names to all of his children.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Panigrahi |first=D. N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AywcQwAACAAJ |title=India's Partition: The Story of Imperialism in Retreat |date=2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-58615-3 |language=en}}</ref> However, Jinnahbhai Poonja was a devout [[Muslims|Muslim]] and abandoned these Hindu traditions, raising his children in a more conservative [[Islam|Islamic]] manner, teaching his children the [[Quran]] and giving them all Muslim names.<ref name="Panigrahi_2004" />

== Business career ==
Most of Paneli Moti were agriculturalists; however, Poonja's family managed handlooms instead. Poonja's brothers worked on the handlooms alongside their father, but this way of life did not attract Poonja, who wanted to become a businessman. Poonja left for [[Gondal, India|Gondal]], where he started his business with much success.<ref name="Jinnah_1987" />

=== Legal issues ===
By the time Mahomedali went to [[England]], Poonja's wife Mithibai had died. Poonja was in debt to numerous businesses and faced with several legal battles. Poonja described to Mahomedali that "all my dreams have come tumbling down," and he moved his family to [[Mumbai|Bombay]] in 1893, where Mahomedali began to take care of his family's expenses instead of Poonja.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Roberts |first=Moss |date=2011 |title=Jaswant Singh. Jinnah: India, Partition, Independence. (Oxford, 2010) |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2011.623528 |journal=Critical Asian Studies |volume=43 |issue=4 |pages=653–660 |doi=10.1080/14672715.2011.623528 |issn=1467-2715|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== Death ==
Poonja died on 15 April 1902. [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah|Jinnah]], now legally renamed to Muhammad Ali, would move to [[Mumbai|Bombay]] as a [[barrister]] and to support his family.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Wolpert |first1=Stanley A. |title=Jinnah of Pakistan |last2=Jinnah |first2=Mahomed Ali |date=1984 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-503412-7 |location=New York u.a}}</ref> Jinnah would go on to be one of the most notable subcontinental political leaders of the 20th century through his creation of an independent state of Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wolpert |first=Stanley |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520343160 |title=India |date=31 December 2009 |publisher=University of California Press |doi=10.1525/9780520343160 |isbn=978-0-520-34316-0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohiuddin |first=Yasmeen Niaz |title=Pakistan: a global studies handbook |date=2007 |publisher=ABC-Clio |isbn=978-1-85109-801-9 |series=Global studies Asia |location=Santa Barbara, Calif.}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Isma'ilism]]
* [[Shia Islam]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Jinnah family]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:1850 births]]
[[Category:1902 deaths]]
[[Category:Khoja Ismailis]]
[[Category:People from Rajkot district]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Gujarat]]

[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]

Keerthy Suresh

2026-03-20T17:00:35Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: quick cleaned up structure after review and fixed typos

{{Short description|Indian actress (born 1992)}}
{{Indian patronymic|Keerthy|Suresh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Keerthy Suresh
| image = Keerthy Suresh at Mahanati Success Meet image 2.png
| caption = Keerthy in 2018
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1992|10|17|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Trivandrum]], [[Kerala]], India
| occupation = [[Actress]]
| years_active = {{plain list|
* 2000–2005 (child artist);
* 2013–present}}
| mother = [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]]
| father = [[G. Suresh Kumar]]
| education = Fashion Technology, [[Pearl Academy]], [[Bengaluru]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Antony Thattil|December 12, 2024}}
}}

'''Keerthy Suresh''' (born 17 October 1992) is an Indian actress who predominantly appears in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]], [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] and [[Malayalam Cinema|Malayalam]] films. Her film accolades include one [[National Film Award]], five [[South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Awards]], one [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award]] and two [[Filmfare Awards South]]. Keerthy was placed in ''[[Forbes India]]''{{'}}s [[Forbes 30 Under 30|30 Under 30]] list of 2021.<ref name="KSFI" />

Born to producer [[G. Suresh Kumar]] and actress [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 May 2013 |title=Menaka was treated like a queen |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2013/may/13/menaka-was-treated-like-a-queen-476820.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180515162745/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2013/may/13/Menaka-was-treated-like-a-queen-476820.html |archive-date=15 May 2018 |access-date=21 May 2018}}</ref> she began her career as a [[child actor|child actress]] in the early 2000s and returned to films after studying fashion design. She had her first lead role in the 2013 [[Malayalam]] film ''[[Geethaanjali]]'', for which she won the [[SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut – Malayalam]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 September 2014 |title=3rd SIIMA Awards 2015: And the SIIMA Awards go to, check the winners list |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/And-the-SIIMA-Awards-go-to-/articleshow/42532423.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140919095812/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/And-the-SIIMA-Awards-go-to-/articleshow/42532423.cms |archive-date=19 September 2014 |access-date=20 November 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> After winning the [[SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut – Tamil]] for ''[[Idhu Enna Maayam]]'' (2015), Keerthy went on to star in successful films such as ''[[Ring Master]]'' (2014), ''[[Nenu Sailaja]]'' (2016), ''[[Rajinimurugan]]'' (2016), ''[[Remo (film)|Remo]]'' (2016), ''[[Bairavaa]]'' (2017), ''[[Nenu Local]]'' (2017), ''[[Thaanaa Serndha Koottam|TSK]]'' (2018) ''[[Sarkar (2018 film)|Sarkar]]'' (2018), ''[[Mahanati]]'' (2018), ''[[Sarkaru Vaari Paata]]'' (2022), and ''[[Dasara (film)|Dasara]]'' (2023)

Her portrayal of [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] in the biopic ''[[Mahanati]]'' earned her the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Filmfare Award]] and [[National Film Award for Best Actress]]. She won another Filmfare Best Actress award for the action film ''[[Dasara (film)|Dasara]]'' (2023).

== Early life and background ==
Keerthy Suresh was born on 17 October 1992 in [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]].<ref name="indianexpress">{{Cite news |date=17 October 2016 |title=Happy Birthday Keerthy Suresh |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/keerthy-suresh-thaanaa-serndha-koottam-suriya-nex-film-heroine-3087223 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010004901/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/keerthy-suresh-thaanaa-serndha-koottam-suriya-nex-film-heroine-3087223/ |archive-date=10 October 2021 |access-date=17 October 2016 |work=Indian Express India |quote=The actor, who turned 24 on Monday, is the new favourite of Kollywood filmmakers.}}</ref><ref name="toi">{{Cite news |date=17 October 2020 |title=Happy Birthday Keerthy Suresh: No One Can Slay The Saree Look Like The Ravishing Beauty And These Pics Are Proof |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/happy-birthday-keerthy-suresh-no-one-can-slay-the-saree-look-like-the-ravishing-beauty-and-these-pics-are-proof/photostory/78705190.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326120743/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/happy-birthday-keerthy-suresh-no-one-can-slay-the-saree-look-like-the-ravishing-beauty-and-these-pics-are-proof/photostory/78705190.cms |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=26 March 2021 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Her father, [[G. Suresh Kumar]], is a filmmaker of [[Malayali]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=సినిమా కష్టాలేవీ లేవు...! |url=http://www.eenadu.net/magazines/sunday-magazine/sunday-magazineinner.aspx?catfullstory=10448 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217081956/http://www.eenadu.net/magazines/sunday-magazine/sunday-magazineinner.aspx?catfullstory=10448 |archive-date=17 December 2018 |access-date=5 February 2017 |website=eenadu.net}}</ref> [[Nair]] origin while her mother [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]] is an actress of [[Tamils|Tamil]] [[Iyengar]] origin. She has an elder sister Revathy Suresh.{{cn|date=January 2026}}

Until class four, Keerthy did her schooling in [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="NIE">{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Rinku |date=7 April 2015 |title=Mayas Role Is Very Close to My Heart |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Mayas-Role-Is-Very-Close-to-My-Heart/2015/04/07/article2750813.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151202070400/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Mayas-Role-Is-Very-Close-to-My-Heart/2015/04/07/article2750813.ece |archive-date=2 December 2015 |access-date=8 December 2015 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> She then studied in [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]], [[Pattom]], Kerala before coming back to Chennai to join the [[Pearl Academy]], where she completed her degree in [[fashion design]].<ref name="One for the family">{{Cite news |last=Sathyendran |first=Nita |date=25 July 2013 |title=One for the family |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/one-for-the-family/article4951420.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129044854/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/one-for-the-family/article4951420.ece |archive-date=29 November 2014 |access-date=18 November 2014 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> Despite making a career in acting, she has stated that she was also "seriously considering a career in designing".<ref name="Menaka was treated like a queen">{{Cite web |title=Menaka was treated like a queen |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/Menaka-was-treated-like-a-queen/2013/05/13/article1587175.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915053227/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/Menaka-was-treated-like-a-queen/2013/05/13/article1587175.ece |archive-date=15 September 2016 |access-date=18 November 2014 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Keerthy also plays the [[violin]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2020 |title=Keerthy Suresh's violin tribute to Thalapathy Vijay |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/keerthy-sureshs-violin-tribute-to-thalapathy-vijay/articleshow/76511461.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813013400/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/keerthy-sureshs-violin-tribute-to-thalapathy-vijay/articleshow/76511461.cms |archive-date=13 August 2020 |access-date=22 June 2020 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
=== Child actress (2000–2005) ===

In the early 2000s, Keerthy worked as a child actress in a few of her father's productions, such as ''[[Pilots (film)|Pilots]]'' (2000), ''[[Achaneyanenikkishtam]]'' (2001) and ''[[Kuberan (2002 film)|Kuberan]]'' (2002) and some television serials.<ref name="One for the family" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2002 |title=Debutantes with a Difference |url=http://in.movies.yahoo.com/020516/113/1o69l.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040211130043/http://in.movies.yahoo.com/020516/113/1o69l.html |archive-date=11 February 2004 |access-date=15 November 2020 |website=Yahoo |language=en}}</ref> In 2004, she produced the Malayalam comedy film ''[[Vettam]]'', alongside her mother [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]] and sister Revathy Sureshkumar.<ref name="Vettam">{{cite AV media|title=Vettam {{!}} Malayalam Full Movie HD {{!}} Priyadarshan {{!}} Dileep {{!}} Bhavna Pani |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=40nfhLC7i84 |website=[[YouTube]] |publisher=Matinee Now |access-date=27 September 2024 |date=31 December 2019|time=01:37 - 01:40}}</ref>

=== Lead roles and career expansion (2013–2017) ===

Eleven years after ''Kuberan'', she made her debut as a lead actress in [[Priyadarshan]]'s horror film ''[[Geethaanjali]]'',<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nita Sathyendran |date=24 July 2013 |title=One for the family |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/one-for-the-family/article4948743.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727060340/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/one-for-the-family/article4948743.ece |archive-date=27 July 2013 |access-date=14 November 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> in which she had a [[dual role]]. She was still studying during that time and shot for ''Geethanjali'' during her semester break.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A star is born |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/A-star-is-born/2013/11/14/article1875959.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222175306/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/A-star-is-born/2013/11/14/article1875959.ece |archive-date=22 December 2014 |access-date=18 November 2014 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Reviews on the film and her performance were mixed, with Sify writing that she "does put in some effort but makes only a limited impression in a double role",<ref>{{Cite web |title=Movie Review : Geethanjali |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/geethanjali-review-malayalam-15043242.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115110640/http://www.sify.com/movies/geethanjali-review-malayalam-15043242.html |archive-date=15 November 2013 |access-date=18 November 2014 |website=Sify}}</ref> while Rediff wrote that she "has got a plum role but whether she impresses with her acting prowess is another matter".<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 November 2013 |title=Review: Geethanjali disappoints |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-geethanjali-disappoints/20131115.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129045722/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-geethanjali-disappoints/20131115.htm |archive-date=29 November 2014 |access-date=18 November 2014 |website=Rediff}}</ref> In 2014, Keerthy had her next release ''[[Ring Master]]'', directed by Rafi of [[Rafi Mecartin]] duo, in which she shared screen space with [[Dileep]]. She played a blind girl,<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 April 2014 |title=Playing a blind girl is not an easy task: Keerthy Suresh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news-and-interviews/Playing-a-blind-girl-is-not-an-easy-task-Keerthy-Suresh/articleshow/33651802.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416091606/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news-and-interviews/Playing-a-blind-girl-is-not-an-easy-task-Keerthy-Suresh/articleshow/33651802.cms |archive-date=16 April 2014 |access-date=18 November 2014 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> which she said was much more challenging than her double role in ''Geethanjali''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Keerthy Suresh on a 'blind' date |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140412/entertainment-mollywood/article/keerthy-suresh-%E2%80%98blind%E2%80%99-date |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129025358/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140412/entertainment-mollywood/article/keerthy-suresh-%E2%80%98blind%E2%80%99-date |archive-date=29 November 2014 |access-date=18 November 2014 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> The film was a commercial success,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Screening the Past |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/Screening-the-Past/2014/07/01/article2308439.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222175313/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/Screening-the-Past/2014/07/01/article2308439.ece |archive-date=22 December 2014 |access-date=18 November 2014 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> being termed a "super hit" by [[Sify]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerala Box-Office April 10 to June 15 Summer Hits |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15057846&cid=14625530 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140617135800/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15057846&cid=14625530 |archive-date=17 June 2014 |access-date=18 November 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

In 2015, Keerthy accepted her first projects outside of Malayalam and signed on to appear in several Tamil film projects simultaneously. Her first film release was [[A. L. Vijay]]'s romantic comedy ''[[Idhu Enna Maayam]]'' (2015), opposite [[Vikram Prabhu]], though the film did not perform well at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2014 |title=The shooting of my first Tamil film is going on: Keerthy Suresh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/The-shooting-of-my-first-Tamil-film-is-going-on-Keerthy-Suresh/articleshow/44847371.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327012029/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/The-shooting-of-my-first-Tamil-film-is-going-on-Keerthy-Suresh/articleshow/44847371.cms |archive-date=27 March 2019 |access-date=23 October 2014 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Her busy schedule throughout 2015 meant that she had to opt out of films which she had already started working on, including [[N. Krishna|Krishna]]'s ''[[Maane Thaene Paeye]]'' and Deekay's ''[[Kavalai Vendam]]'', in order to accommodate bigger projects.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Keerthi Suresh is Aari's pair in Krishna's rom-com |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Keerthi-Suresh-is-Aaris-pair-in-Krishnas-rom-com/articleshow/41005433.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140901202013/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Keerthi-Suresh-is-Aaris-pair-in-Krishnas-rom-com/articleshow/41005433.cms |archive-date=1 September 2014 |access-date=18 November 2014 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> She consequently worked on two films with [[Sivakarthikeyan]] in quick succession, ''[[Rajinimurugan]]'' and ''[[Remo (film)|Remo]]'', while also playing the lead role in [[Prabhu Solomon]]'s ''[[Thodari]]'', alongside [[Dhanush]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 October 2014 |title=Anushka Shetty wishes Keerthy Suresh luck in K'wood |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Anushka-Shetty-wishes-Keerthy-Suresh-luck-in-Kwood/articleshow/44917200.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027133028/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Anushka-Shetty-wishes-Keerthy-Suresh-luck-in-Kwood/articleshow/44917200.cms |archive-date=27 October 2014 |access-date=18 November 2014 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

Her Telugu debut was planned to be ''Ainaa Ishtam Nuvvu.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chowdhary |first=Y. Sunita |date=6 July 2015 |title=On a fun debut |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/ramprasad-ragutu-on-aina-ishtam-nuvvu/article7392386.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326120725/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/ramprasad-ragutu-on-aina-ishtam-nuvvu/article7392386.ece |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=14 February 2021 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>'' However, the film is delayed since 2015, with reports of release after September 2020 under a new title ''Janakitho Nenu.''<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2020 |title=Keerthy Suresh's long-delayed Telugu film gears up for release |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/keerthy-suresh-s-long-delayed-telugu-film-gears-release-133130 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922114503/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/keerthy-suresh-s-long-delayed-telugu-film-gears-release-133130 |archive-date=22 September 2020 |access-date=25 December 2020 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref> Subsequently, the debut was the 2016 film [[Nenu Sailaja]] with actor [[Ram Pothineni]]. In January 2017, Keerthy appeared in ''[[Bairavaa]]'', opposite actor [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] and directed by Bharathan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bairavaa |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/bairavaa-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zoduyntc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029163024/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/bairavaa-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zoduyntc |archive-date=29 October 2021 |access-date=14 August 2019 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]}}</ref> She also appeared in Tamil film ''[[Paambhu Sattai]]'' and Telugu film ''[[Nenu Local]]'' in 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Paambhu Sattai Review {2.5/5}: The film is let down by the uneven writing, overlong romance portions and a muddled final act. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/paambhu-sattai/movie-review/57823754.cms |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=8 February 2017 |title=Keerthy Suresh's sister warned Keerthy about acting with Nani. Find out why? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/did-you-know/keerthy-sureshs-sister-warned-keerthy-about-acting-with-nani-find-out-why/articleshow/57035411.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505190728/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/did-you-know/keerthy-sureshs-sister-warned-keerthy-about-acting-with-nani-find-out-why/articleshow/57035411.cms |archive-date=5 May 2022 |access-date=11 June 2020 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

=== ''Mahanati'' and established actor (2018–present) ===
[[File:Keerthy Suresh National Award.jpg|thumb|upright|Keerthy receiving National Award for ''[[Mahanati]]'']]

Her first release in 2018, was ''[[Agnyaathavaasi]]'' in Telugu. Her first Tamil film in 2018 was ''[[Thaanaa Serndha Koottam]]'', in which she played opposite [[Suriya]] for the first time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2016 |title=Ramya Krishnan lands crucial role in Suriya's next |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2016/nov/29/ramya-krishnan-lands-crucial-role-in-suriyas-next-1543866.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108062822/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2016/nov/29/ramya-krishnan-lands-crucial-role-in-suriyas-next-1543866.html |archive-date=8 January 2018 |access-date=23 March 2018}}</ref> The film opened to positive reviews and became a hit.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doctor |first=Vikram |date=22 February 2013 |title=Story of unsolved opera house burglary in Mumbai, Rs 30-L heist amused everyone by its slick execution |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/story-of-unsolved-opera-house-burglary-in-mumbai-rs-30-l-heist-amused-everyone-by-its-slick-execution/articleshow/18619056.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227181928/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/story-of-unsolved-opera-house-burglary-in-mumbai-rs-30-l-heist-amused-everyone-by-its-slick-execution/articleshow/18619056.cms |archive-date=27 December 2017 |access-date=27 December 2017 |work=The Economic Times}}</ref> She also acted in the [[Nag Ashwin]]-directed [[biographical drama]] ''[[Mahanati]]'' where she portrayed the late southern actress [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] and for which her performance has received critical acclaim<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2018 |title=Mahanati actor Keerthy Suresh on playing Savirtri: I'm glad I convinced her daughter with my portrayal |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/mahanati-actor-keerthy-suresh-on-playing-savirtri-im-glad-i-convinced-her-daughter-with-my-portrayal-4465101.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524010146/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/mahanati-actor-keerthy-suresh-on-playing-savirtri-im-glad-i-convinced-her-daughter-with-my-portrayal-4465101.html |archive-date=24 May 2018 |access-date=21 May 2018}}</ref> and the [[National Film Award for Best Actress]].<ref name="66th_NFA_Results">{{Cite web |title=66th National Film Awards |url=https://dff.gov.in/images/News/66th_NFA_Results.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809152118/https://dff.gov.in/images/News/66th_NFA_Results.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2019 |access-date=9 August 2019 |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]}}</ref> Her performance in the film featured in the list of "100 Greatest Performances of the Decade" by ''[[Film Companion]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=100 Greatest Performances of the Decade |url=https://filmcompanion.in/best-of-the-decade/100-best-performances-indian-cinema.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219043509/https://www.filmcompanion.in/best-of-the-decade/100-best-performances-indian-cinema.html |archive-date=19 December 2019 |access-date=14 November 2020 |website=[[Film Companion]] |language=en}}</ref>

In late 2018, she appeared in three consecutive commercial films, ''[[Saamy Square]]'' opposite [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]] directed by [[Hari (director)|Hari]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 May 2017 |title=Keerthy Suresh in Saamy 2 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/keerthy-suresh-in-saamy-2/articleshow/58534994.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824134521/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/keerthy-suresh-in-saamy-2/articleshow/58534994.cms |archive-date=24 August 2018 |access-date=11 June 2020 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> ''[[Sandakozhi 2]]'' opposite [[Vishal (actor)|Vishal]] directed by [[N. Lingusamy]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=16 December 2016 |title=Keerthy Suresh bags Sandakozhi 2! |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/161216/keerthy-suresh-bags-sandakozhi-2.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622022608/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/161216/keerthy-suresh-bags-sandakozhi-2.html |archive-date=22 June 2020 |access-date=11 June 2020 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> and ''[[Sarkar (2018 film)|Sarkar]]'' opposite [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]], directed by [[AR Murugadoss]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2018 |title=Vijay's upcoming film titled Sarkar: Highlights |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/vijay-movie-sarkar-live-updates-5227519/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622082207/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/vijay-movie-sarkar-live-updates-5227519/ |archive-date=22 June 2020 |access-date=11 June 2020}}</ref> In mid-2019, she made a cameo appearance in the [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] starrer ''[[Manmadhudu 2]]'', which was directed by [[Rahul Ravindran]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2019 |title=Keerthy Suresh joins Manmadhudu 2 |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/070619/keerthy-suresh-joins-manmadhudu-2.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621112747/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/070619/keerthy-suresh-joins-manmadhudu-2.html |archive-date=21 June 2020 |access-date=11 June 2020 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> In 2020, she appeared in the [[thriller film]] ''[[Penguin (film)|Penguin]]'', which released on [[Amazon Prime]] due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] and in the [[drama film]] ''[[Miss India (film)|Miss India]]'' which released on [[Netflix]].

In 2021, Keerthy starred in the Telugu language film ''[[Rang De]]'' opposite [[Nithiin]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=26 March 2021 |title='Rang De' movie review: An entertaining romantic comedy drama |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/rang-de-review-keerthy-suresh-nithiin-shine-in-this-romantic-comedy-drama/article34169554.ece/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329043107/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/rang-de-review-keerthy-suresh-nithiin-shine-in-this-romantic-comedy-drama/article34169554.ece/amp/ |archive-date=29 March 2021 |access-date=30 March 2021 |work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 March 2020 |title=Rang De: First look motion poster unveiled on the eve of Nithiin's birthday |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/rang-de-first-look-motion-poster-unveiled-on-the-eve-of-nithiins-birthday/articleshow/74874877.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413120936/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/rang-de-first-look-motion-poster-unveiled-on-the-eve-of-nithiins-birthday/articleshow/74874877.cms |archive-date=13 April 2020 |access-date=23 July 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Keerthy's next film ''[[Annaatthe]]'' starring [[Rajinikanth]] directed by Siva opened to negative reviews. Her next release was the [[Malayalam]] film ''[[Marakkar: Arabikadalinte Simham]]'' starring [[Mohanlal]] directed by [[Priyadarshan]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 October 2018 |title=Kalyani Priyadarshan confirms working with Keerthy Suresh for Mohanlal film |url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kalyani-priyadarshan-confirms-working-keerthy-suresh-mohanlal-film-90276%3famp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190206005630/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kalyani-priyadarshan-confirms-working-keerthy-suresh-mohanlal-film-90276?amp |archive-date=6 February 2019 |access-date=3 August 2019 |website=The News Minute}}</ref> which opened to mixed reviews became [[box office bomb]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vyas |date=14 December 2021 |title='Marakkar' to stream on Amazon Prime |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/marakkar-to-stream-on-amazon-prime-719665 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102052420/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/marakkar-to-stream-on-amazon-prime-719665 |archive-date=2 November 2022 |access-date=1 August 2022 |website=The Hans India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 December 2021 |title=Five key moments for Malayalam cinema in 2021 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/five-key-moments-for-malayalam-cinema-in-2021-1062222.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219092315/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/five-key-moments-for-malayalam-cinema-in-2021-1062222.html |archive-date=19 December 2021 |access-date=1 August 2022 |website=Deccan Herald}}</ref>

Her first release of 2022 was the Telugu film ''[[Good Luck Sakhi]]''<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 October 2019 |title=Good Luck Sakhi: Keerthy Suresh plays a sharpshooter in Nagesh Kukunoor's sports-drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/good-luck-sakhi-keerthy-suresh-plays-a-sharpshooter-in-nagesh-kukunoors-sports-drama/articleshow/71823295.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114092712/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/good-luck-sakhi-keerthy-suresh-plays-a-sharpshooter-in-nagesh-kukunoors-sports-drama/articleshow/71823295.cms |archive-date=14 January 2020 |access-date=23 July 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> which again opened to negative reviews and ended up as a commercial failure.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prapul |date=28 January 2022 |title='Good Luck Sakhi' garners early negative reviews |url=https://ntvenglish.com/good-luck-sakhi-garners-early-negative-reviews/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210130615/https://ntvenglish.com/good-luck-sakhi-garners-early-negative-reviews/ |archive-date=10 February 2022 |access-date=1 August 2022 |publisher=[[NTV (India)|NTV]]}}</ref> Keerthy went on to appear alongside director [[Selvaraghavan]] in ''[[Saani Kaayidham]]'', which marks the latter's acting debut. Her role went on to be critically acclaimed and is one of her best roles done by her.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=16 August 2020 |title=Saani Kayidham first look out: Selvaraghavan turns actor, to share screen space with Keerthy Suresh |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/saani-kayidham-first-look-out-selvaraghavan-turns-actor-to-share-screen-space-with-keerthy-suresh-1711725-2020-08-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110030513/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/regional-cinema/story/saani-kayidham-first-look-out-selvaraghavan-turns-actor-to-share-screen-space-with-keerthy-suresh-1711725-2020-08-16 |archive-date=10 November 2020 |access-date=2 September 2020 |website=India Today}}</ref> The film had a direct OTT release in [[Amazon Prime Video]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 April 2022 |title=Keerthy Suresh and Selvaraghavan Starrer 'Saani Kaayidham' gets a release date |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/keerthy-suresh-and-selvaraghavan-starrer-saani-kaayidham-gets-a-release-date/articleshow/90998691.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422154126/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/keerthy-suresh-and-selvaraghavan-starrer-saani-kaayidham-gets-a-release-date/articleshow/90998691.cms |archive-date=22 April 2022 |access-date=22 April 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Her next film was the [[Parasuram (director)|Parasuram]] directorial ''[[Sarkaru Vaari Paata]]'', alongside [[Mahesh Babu]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 January 2021 |title=Shoot of Mahesh Babu's Sarkaru Vaari Paata begins in Dubai |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/shoot-of-mahesh-babu-s-sarkaru-vaari-paata-begins-in-dubai-101611566039597.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214130914/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/shoot-of-mahesh-babu-s-sarkaru-vaari-paata-begins-in-dubai-101611566039597.html |archive-date=14 February 2021 |access-date=14 February 2021 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> She was next seen in the Malayalam [[courtroom drama]] ''[[Vaashi (2022 film)|Vaashi]]'' opposite [[Tovino Thomas]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 February 2022 |title=Vaashi's first look has Tovino Thomas, Keerthy Suresh playing lawyers. See photo |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/vaashi-first-look-tovino-thomas-keerthy-suresh-samantha-ruth-prabhu-7781395/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527190409/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/vaashi-first-look-tovino-thomas-keerthy-suresh-samantha-ruth-prabhu-7781395/ |archive-date=27 May 2022 |access-date=14 July 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Keerthy had three releases in 2023. First was [[Nani (actor)|Nani]]-starrer ''[[Dasara (film)|Dasara]]'' where she played the main lead opposite Nani. Keerthy received the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu]] for her performance. Next came the [[Mari Selvaraj]] directorial ''[[Maamannan]]'' opposite [[Udhayanidhi Stalin]] in his final acting role. However, her third release, the [[Chiranjeevi]]-starrer ''[[Bhola Shankar]]'', remake of the Tamil movie, ''[[Vedalam]]'' (2015), opened to negative reviews and became a box office disaster.

Her first release of 2024 was [[Siren (2024 film)|''Siren'']] a [[Tamil language|Tamil]] [[Action film|action]] [[Thriller film|thriller]] by debut director Antony Bhagyaraj opposite [[Jayam Ravi]] where Keerthy portrayed as [[Inspector]]. The film was a commercial success and received positive reviews from critics. In next film, Keerthy gave voice role for BU-JZ-1 aka Bujji a AI droid / [[vehicle]] in ''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]'' a [[Telugu language|Telugu]] language [[Science fiction|Sci-fi]] [[Action film|action]] directed by [[Nag Ashwin]] which was also dubbed in other languages. Keerthy's performance as Bujji was praised by audiences. She also dubbed for ''[[Bujji and Bhairava]]'' an [[animated series]] of [[Amazon Prime Video|Amazon prime video]] release in multiple languages, giving each language 5–6 modulations to find the best fit. Her next film was the Tamil [[political comedy]] ''[[Raghu Thatha]]'' by [[Hombale Films]], released on [[Indian Independence Day|15 August]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2022 |title=केजीएफ-कांतारा के बाद मेकर्स ने जारी किया 'रघुथाथा' का फर्स्ट लुक, देखिए कीर्ति सुरेश की झलक |url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/entertainment/south-cinema/post-kgf-and-kantara-s-success-hombale-films-release-keerthy-suresh-s-new-film-raghuthatha-s-first-look-check-out-here-au98-1591583.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213062350/https://www.tv9hindi.com/entertainment/south-cinema/post-kgf-and-kantara-s-success-hombale-films-release-keerthy-suresh-s-new-film-raghuthatha-s-first-look-check-out-here-au98-1591583.html |archive-date=13 December 2022 |access-date=13 December 2022}}</ref> Keerthy portrayed the lead role, a career woman who learns [[Hindi]] to receive a job to escape from marriage. The film was considered a success by the makers. In her next film, she appeared in her [[Hindi]] debut, [[Baby John (film)|''Baby John'']] opposite [[Varun Dhawan]] released on 25 December a remake of the Tamil film [[Theri (film)|''Theri'']]. She is also roped into a new woman centric film ''Revolver Rita''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2023 |title=Keerthy Suresh announces next titled Revolver Rita; 5 things to know about the women centric film |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/keerthy-suresh-announces-next-titled-revolver-rita-5-things-to-know-about-the-women-centric-film-1206372 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114160322/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/keerthy-suresh-announces-next-titled-revolver-rita-5-things-to-know-about-the-women-centric-film-1206372 |archive-date=14 January 2023 |access-date=14 January 2023}}</ref> She is also set to appear in the solo film, ''Kanni Vedi'' in Tamil.

== Media image ==
[[File:Keerthy Suresh at Bhola Shankar pre release event.jpg|thumb|upright|Keerthy in 2023]]
Keerthy is among the highest paid [[South Indian cinema|South Indian]] actresses, according to media reports.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Keerthy Suresh to Deepika Padukone – Check out how many Crores these 10 Indian actresses charge per film |url=https://www.gqindia.com/entertainment/content/samantha-ruth-prabhu-to-deepika-padukone-check-out-how-many-crores-these-10-indian-actresses-charge-per-film/amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129050820/https://www.gqindia.com/entertainment/content/samantha-ruth-prabhu-to-deepika-padukone-check-out-how-many-crores-these-10-indian-actresses-charge-per-film/amp |archive-date=29 November 2022 |access-date=28 November 2022 |work=GQ India}}</ref> She was placed in ''[[Forbes India]]''{{'}}s "[[Forbes 30 Under 30|30 Under 30]]" list of 2021.<ref name="KSFI">{{Cite news |title=Forbes India 30 Under 30: Meet the Class of 2021 |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/30-under-30-2021/1901/all |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716164446/https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/30-under-30-2021/1901/all |archive-date=16 July 2015 |access-date=28 December 2021 |work=Forbes India}}</ref> Keerthy became the most tweeted about South Indian actress in 2020 and 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Keerthy Suresh and Mahesh Babu are Most Tweeted About South Indian Superstars of 2020 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/keerthy-suresh-and-mahesh-babu-are-most-tweeted-about-south-indian-superstars-of-2020-1749313-2020-12-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214073820/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/regional-cinema/story/keerthy-suresh-and-mahesh-babu-are-most-tweeted-about-south-indian-superstars-of-2020-1749313-2020-12-14 |archive-date=14 December 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 |work=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Thalapthy Vijay, Keerthy Suresh 'Most Tweeted About' Actors of 2021 From South Industry |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/thalapthy-vijay-keerthy-suresh-most-tweeted-about-actors-of-2021-from-south-industry-4556723.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508055833/https://www.news18.com/amp/news/movies/thalapthy-vijay-keerthy-suresh-most-tweeted-about-actors-of-2021-from-south-industry-4556723.html |archive-date=8 May 2023 |access-date=15 December 2021 |work=News18 India}}</ref> ''[[Forbes India]]'' noted, "Keerthy has earned her stripes in Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam films, impressing with her spontaneity." Praising Keerthy, film director [[Nag Ashwin]] said, "She's a director's actor and an instinctive performer, quite natural. If fit in the right story and character, she is quite something."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kunal Purandare |title=Keerthy Suresh: An instinctive performer |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/30-under-30-2021/keerthy-suresh-an-instinctive-performer/66355/1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210063959/https://www.forbesindia.com/article/30-under-30-2021/keerthy-suresh-an-instinctive-performer/66355/1 |archive-date=10 February 2021 |access-date=28 February 2020 |work=Forbes India}}</ref> Keerthy has frequently featured in [[Times of India|Hyderabad Times' 30 Most Desirable Woman]] list. She was placed 21st in 2018, 20th in 2019 and 26th in 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yellapantula |first=Suhas |title=Hyderabad Times Most Desirable Women 2018: Aditi Rao Hydari |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/hyderabad/most-desirable-woman-2018-aditi-rao-hydari/articleshow/68467304.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108211420/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/hyderabad/most-desirable-woman-2018-aditi-rao-hydari/articleshow/68467304.cms |archive-date=8 November 2019 |access-date=29 December 2020 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Hyderabad Times Most Desirable Women 2019: Gosh! these divas are oh so oomph |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/gosh-these-divas-are-oh-so-oomph/articleshow/74655536.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318121617/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/gosh-these-divas-are-oh-so-oomph/articleshow/74655536.cms |archive-date=18 March 2020 |access-date=6 September 2019 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Hyderabad Times Most Desirable Women 2020: Behold, the divas who ooze desirability |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/hyderabad-times-most-desirable-women-2020-behold-the-divas-who-ooze-desirability/articleshow/83175421.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714083246/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/hyderabad-times-most-desirable-women-2020-behold-the-divas-who-ooze-desirability/articleshow/83175421.cms |archive-date=14 July 2023 |access-date=9 November 2021 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> She is a celebrity endorser for brands including [[Jos Alukkas]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jos Alukkas ropes in actress Keerthy Suresh as the new brand ambassador |url=https://telanganatoday.com/jos-alukkas-ropes-in-new-brand-ambassador |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104202920/https://telanganatoday.com/jos-alukkas-ropes-in-new-brand-ambassador |archive-date=4 January 2024 |access-date=29 November 2021 |work=Telangana Today}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
After a 15-year relationship, Keerthy married her long-time boyfriend, Antony Thattil, on 12 December 2024, in [[Goa]] in a traditional [[Hindu]] and [[Christianity in Kerala|Malayali Christian]] wedding ceremony.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/keerthy-suresh-antony-thattil-wedding-first-photos-out-vijay-attends-grand-goa-ceremony-9720778/|title=Keerthy Suresh-Antony Thattil wedding first photos out: Vijay attends grand Goa ceremony|publisher=Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Keerthy Sureshs Fairytale Wedding With Boyfriend Antony Thattil: Dated For 15 Years, Got Married To Dubai-Based Businessmen In Goa - In Pics |url=https://zeenews.india.com/photos/entertainment/keerthy-sureshs-fairytale-wedding-with-boyfriend-antony-thattil-dated-for-15-years-got-married-to-dubai-based-businessmen-in-goa-in-pics-2831079 |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref> He is an engineer and a businessman, and his family hails from [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Keerthy Suresh's husband Antony Thattil's educational qualifications and business ventures |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/keerthy-sureshs-husband-antony-thattils-educational-qualifications-and-business-ventures/articleshow/116253801.cms?planGroup=ETPNoTrial&src=Admitadtest&tagtag_uid=2962ea642bc166194bdc48b3aef7445e |work=The Economic Times |date=12 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Who is Antony Thattil? Keerthy Suresh's childhood sweetheart set to marry actor next month |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/who-is-antony-thattil-keerthy-sureshs-childhood-sweetheart-set-to-marry-actor-next-month-101731997329229.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=19 November 2024 |language=en-us}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Films ===
{{pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Keerthy Suresh film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Language(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{ref heading}}
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Pilots (film)|Pilots]]'' || Church kid || rowspan="5" | [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] || rowspan="3"|Child actress || style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="auto">{{Cite news |date=10 August 2019 |title=Did you know Keerthy Suresh is the kid who played Dileep's daughter in 'Kuberan'? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-keerthy-suresh-is-the-kid-who-played-dileeps-daughter-in-kuberan/articleshow/70622120.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713203852/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-keerthy-suresh-is-the-kid-who-played-dileeps-daughter-in-kuberan/articleshow/70622120.cms |archive-date=13 July 2020 |access-date=11 June 2020 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/reel/879767/keerthy-suresh-interview-mahanati-gave-me-that-one-moment-of-being-in-the-centre-of-things|title=Keerthy Suresh interview: 'Mahanati gave me that one moment of being in the centre of things'|date=24 May 2018 }}</ref>
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Achaneyanenikkishtam]]'' || Kunjunni's classmate || style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="auto" />
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Kuberan (2002 film)|Kuberan]]'' || Siddharth's adopted child|| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="auto" />
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Geethaanjali]]'' || Geetha, Anjali || Lead Debut || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Asha Prakash |date=12 July 2013 |title=I'm growing more comfortable as an actor by the day: Keerthi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Im-growing-more-comfortable-as-an-actor-by-the-day-Keerthi/articleshow/21019575.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428232909/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Im-growing-more-comfortable-as-an-actor-by-the-day-Keerthi/articleshow/21019575.cms |archive-date=28 April 2021 |access-date=14 November 2015 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=1 |2014 || ''[[Ring Master]]'' || Karthika || || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 April 2014 |title=I was confident about Keerthy in Ringmaster: Rafi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/I-was-confident-about-Keerthy-in-Ringmaster-Rafi/articleshow/33951261.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=21 April 2024 |archive-date=13 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413173427/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/i-was-confident-about-keerthy-in-ringmaster-rafi/articleshow/33951261.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=1|2015
|''[[Idhu Enna Maayam]]'' || Maya || [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]]|| || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vikram Prabhu and Keerthi in 'Idhu Enna Maayam' |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/vikram-prabhu-and-keerthi-in-idhu-enna-maayam-imagegallery-kollywood-peijQ1chjeiff.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408122826/http://www.sify.com/movies/vikram-prabhu-and-keerthi-in-idhu-enna-maayam-imagegallery-kollywood-peijQ1chjeiff.html |archive-date=8 April 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4"|2016 || ''[[Nenu Sailaja]]'' || Sailaja || [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] || || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=January 2016 |title=Nenu Sailaja: Feels like a good start |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Nenu-Sailaja-Feels-like-a-good-start/article13975121.ece/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422014350/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Nenu-Sailaja-Feels-like-a-good-start/article13975121.ece/amp/ |archive-date=22 April 2022 |access-date=3 September 2020 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Rajinimurugan]]'' || N. Karthika Devi || rowspan="5" | Tamil || || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Keerthi's illness gives Sivakarthikeyan a break |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Keerthis-illness-gives-Sivakarthikeyan-a-break/articleshow/46484965.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525131705/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Keerthis-illness-gives-Sivakarthikeyan-a-break/articleshow/46484965.cms |archive-date=25 May 2021 |access-date=19 March 2020 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Thodari]]'' || Saroja || || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Keerthy Suresh Performs Dangerous Stunts For Thodari! |url=https://jfwonline.com/article/keerthy-suresh-performs-dangerous-stunts-for-thodari/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920172428/https://jfwonline.com/article/keerthy-suresh-performs-dangerous-stunts-for-thodari/ |archive-date=20 September 2020 |access-date=3 September 2020 |website=JFW Online}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Remo (film)|Remo]]'' || Dr. Kavya || || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151007155739/http://www.sify.com/movies/keerthi-suresh-to-romance-sivakarthikeyan-once-again-news-tamil-pkdlvMgijjahe.html Keerthi Suresh to romance Sivakarthikeyan once again!]. Sify.com. Retrieved 28 January 2016.</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3"|2017 || ''[[Bairavaa]]'' || Malarvizhi || || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170112112437/http://www.sify.com/movies/bairavaa-review-fun-only-till-interval-review-tamil-rbmhG7ddgfjdb.html Review : Bairavaa review – Fun, only till interval!]. Sify.com (12 January 2017). Retrieved on 2017-03-23.</ref>
|-
| ''[[Paambhu Sattai]]'' || Veni || || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/paambhu-sattai/movie-review/57823754.cms|title = Paambhu Sattai Review {2.5/5}: The film is let down by the uneven writing, overlong romance portions and a muddled final act| newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Nenu Local]]'' || Keerthy || rowspan="3" |Telugu || || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2017 |title=Nenu Local movie review: Nani redefines a done-to-death love story |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/tollywood-movie-review/nenu-local-movie-review-nani-redefines-a-done-to-death-love-story-4505978/lite/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123040717/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/tollywood-movie-review/nenu-local-movie-review-nani-redefines-a-done-to-death-love-story-4505978/lite/ |archive-date=23 January 2022 |access-date=3 September 2020 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="7" |2018|| ''[[Agnyaathavaasi]]'' || Sukumari || || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2018 |title=Agnyaathavaasi movie review: Falls short of expectations |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/120118/falls-short-of-expectations.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416091542/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/amp/entertainment/tollywood/120118/falls-short-of-expectations.html |archive-date=16 April 2022 |access-date=3 September 2020 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Mahanati]]''|| [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]]|| || style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="66th_NFA_Results" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2018 |title=Mahanati movie review: Keerthy Suresh breathes life into Savitri's beautiful tragedy |url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/mahanati-movie-review-keerthy-suresh-breathes-life-into-savitri-s-beautiful-tragedy/story-qGNjj0Jx2hX32LjlFdnpCP_amp.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200826131518/https://m.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/mahanati-movie-review-keerthy-suresh-breathes-life-into-savitri-s-beautiful-tragedy/story-qGNjj0Jx2hX32LjlFdnpCP_amp.html |archive-date=26 August 2020 |access-date=3 September 2020 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Thaanaa Serndha Koottam]]''|| Madhu Iyengar || rowspan="5" | Tamil || || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2018 |title=Thaana Serndha Koottam movie review: Suriya makes Special 26 remake his own |url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/thaana-serndha-koottam-movie-review-suriya-is-thief-with-a-mission-in-this-film/story-Uw7uyIz1cw8QWX2KcqBjLM_amp.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114213534/https://m.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/thaana-serndha-koottam-movie-review-suriya-is-thief-with-a-mission-in-this-film/story-Uw7uyIz1cw8QWX2KcqBjLM_amp.html |archive-date=14 November 2020 |access-date=3 September 2020 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Seemaraja]]'' || Bhoomi || Cameo appearance|| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Keerthy Suresh plays a cameo in Seema Raja |url=https://m.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2018/jun/03/keerthy-suresh-plays-a-cameo-in-seema-raja-6323.amp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714090856/https://m.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2018/jun/03/keerthy-suresh-plays-a-cameo-in-seema-raja-6323.amp |archive-date=14 July 2022 |access-date=3 September 2020 |website=Cinema Express}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Saamy Square]]'' || Diya ||Also singer for "Pudhu Metro Rail" || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anupama Subramanian |title=Keerthy Suresh sings for Saamy Square |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/280718/keerthy-suresh-sings-for-saamy-square.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728031916/https://deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/280718/keerthy-suresh-sings-for-saamy-square.html |archive-date=28 July 2018 |access-date=28 July 2018 |work=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sandakozhi 2]]'' || Sembaruthi|| || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2018 |title=Sandakozhi 2 movie review: This Vishal, Keerthy Suresh starrer is a conveniently made sequel |url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/sandakozhi-2-movie-review-this-vishal-keerthy-suresh-starrer-is-a-conveniently-made-sequel/story-GSoDWyk83Gne2ZPQFULruI_amp.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711114209/https://m.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/sandakozhi-2-movie-review-this-vishal-keerthy-suresh-starrer-is-a-conveniently-made-sequel/story-GSoDWyk83Gne2ZPQFULruI_amp.html |archive-date=11 July 2020 |access-date=3 September 2020 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sarkar (2018 film)|Sarkar]]'' || Nila|| || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2018 |title=Keerthy Suresh in 'Sarkar' Deserves Much Better! |url=https://jfwonline.com/article/keerthy-suresh-in-sarkar-deserves-much-better/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128164521/https://jfwonline.com/article/keerthy-suresh-in-sarkar-deserves-much-better/amp/ |archive-date=28 January 2022 |access-date=3 September 2020 |website=JFW Online}}</ref>
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Manmadhudu 2]]'' || Suma || Telugu || Cameo appearance || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2019 |title=After Samantha Akkieneni, Keerthy Suresh joins Nagarjuna's Manmadhudu 2 for a cameo |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/after-samantha-akkieneni-keerthy-suresh-joins-nagarjuna-s-manmadhudu-2-for-a-cameo-1543137-2019-06-05 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702053122/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/after-samantha-akkieneni-keerthy-suresh-joins-nagarjuna-s-manmadhudu-2-for-a-cameo-1543137-2019-06-05 |archive-date=2 July 2019 |access-date=19 May 2020 |website=India Today}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2020 || ''[[Penguin (film)|Penguin]]'' || Rhythm || Tamil||
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=K. |first=Janani |date=11 June 2020 |title=Penguin trailer out: Pregnant Keerthy Suresh battles a psycho killer in the thriller |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/penguin-trailer-out-pregnant-keerthy-suresh-battles-a-psycho-killer-in-the-thriller-1687851-2020-06-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312234752/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/penguin-trailer-out-pregnant-keerthy-suresh-battles-a-psycho-killer-in-the-thriller-1687851-2020-06-11 |archive-date=12 March 2021 |access-date=5 December 2021 |website=India Today}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Miss India (film)|Miss India]]''|| Manasa Samyuktha || rowspan="3" |Telugu |||| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 August 2019 |title=Watch: Keerthy Suresh is all style in 'Miss India' teaser |url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/watch-keerthy-suresh-all-style-miss-india-teaser-107861%3famp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826144818/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/watch-keerthy-suresh-all-style-miss-india-teaser-107861?amp |archive-date=26 August 2019 |access-date=31 August 2019 |work=The News Minute}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2021
| ''[[Jathi Ratnalu]]''
|Vanajakshi
|Cameo appearance
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 March 2021 |title=Keerthy Suresh opens up about her cameo in Naveen Polishetty starrer Jathi Ratnalu |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/keerthy-suresh-opens-up-about-her-cameo-in-naveen-polishetty-starrer-jathi-ratnalu/articleshow/81493283.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314090058/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/keerthy-suresh-opens-up-about-her-cameo-in-naveen-polishetty-starrer-jathi-ratnalu/articleshow/81493283.cms |archive-date=14 March 2021 |access-date=14 March 2021 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Rang De]]''|| Anupama || || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dundoo|first=Sangeetha Devi|date=2021-03-26|title='Rang De' movie review: An entertaining romantic comedy drama|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/rang-de-review-keerthy-suresh-nithiin-shine-in-this-romantic-comedy-drama/article34169554.ece|access-date=2021-03-27|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=27 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210327093122/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/rang-de-review-keerthy-suresh-nithiin-shine-in-this-romantic-comedy-drama/article34169554.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Annaatthe]]'' ||Thanga Meenatchi||Tamil |||| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Superstar Rajinikanth's 'Annaatthe' censored UA! |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/superstar-rajinikanths-annaatthe-censored-ua-news-tamil-vkqhsdjebhgcb.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016072013/https://www.sify.com/movies/superstar-rajinikanths-annaatthe-censored-ua-news-tamil-vkqhsdjebhgcb.html |archive-date=16 October 2021 |access-date=18 October 2021 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Marakkar: Arabikadalinte Simham]]'' || Aarcha || rowspan="2" | Malayalam || || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2019 |title=Keerthy Suresh learns veena for her role in Marakkar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/keerthy-suresh-learns-veena-for-her-role-in-marakkar/articleshow/70857778.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210192403/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/keerthy-suresh-learns-veena-for-her-role-in-marakkar/articleshow/70857778.cms |archive-date=10 February 2020 |access-date=1 August 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2022
| ''[[Vaashi (2022 film)|Vaashi]]''
| [[Advocate|Adv.]] Madhavi Mohan
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2021 |title=Tovino Thomas, Keerthy Suresh to star in Vishnu G Raghav's directorial Vaashi |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2021/jan/26/tovino-thomas-keerthy-suresh-to-star-in-vishnu-g-raghavs-directorial-vaashi-2254999.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120164631/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2021/jan/26/tovino-thomas-keerthy-suresh-to-star-in-vishnu-g-raghavs-directorial-vaashi-2254999.html |archive-date=20 January 2022 |access-date=24 February 2022 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Saani Kaayidham]]'' || Ponni
|Tamil|| ||style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 August 2021 |title=Keerthy Suresh and Selvaraghavan wrap up Saani Kaayidham shoot. See pics |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/keerthy-suresh-and-selvaraghavan-wrap-up-saani-kaayidham-shoot-see-pics-1842729-2021-08-19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819082751/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/regional-cinema/story/keerthy-suresh-and-selvaraghavan-wrap-up-saani-kaayidham-shoot-see-pics-1842729-2021-08-19 |archive-date=19 August 2021 |access-date=19 August 2021 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Good Luck Sakhi]]''|| Sakhi Pawar || rowspan="4" | Telugu || || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=K. |first=Janani |date=10 September 2020 |title=Keerthy Suresh on completing Good Luck Sakhi: The character will now and forever be a part of me |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/keerthy-suresh-on-completing-good-luck-sakhi-she-will-now-and-forever-be-a-part-of-me-1720370-2020-09-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926055158/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/keerthy-suresh-on-completing-good-luck-sakhi-she-will-now-and-forever-be-a-part-of-me-1720370-2020-09-10 |archive-date=26 September 2021 |access-date=1 August 2022 |website=India Today}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sarkaru Vaari Paata]]''|| Kalaavathi || || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=PHOTOS: Keerthy Suresh completes dubbing for Sarkaru Vaari Paata; Says 'A treat for all Mahesh Babu fans' |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/photos-keerthy-suresh-complete-dubbing-sarkaru-vaari-paata-says-treat-all-mahesh-babu-fans-1080250%3famp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617210808/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/photos-keerthy-suresh-complete-dubbing-sarkaru-vaari-paata-says-treat-all-mahesh-babu-fans-1080250?amp |archive-date=17 June 2022 |access-date=1 May 2022 |work=Pinkvilla}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan= "3"| 2023 || ''[[Dasara (film)|Dasara]]'' || Vennela || || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2022 |title=Nani and Keerthy Suresh's Dasara goes on floors in Hyderabad. See pics |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/nani-and-keerthy-suresh-s-dasara-goes-on-floors-in-hyderabad-see-pics-1913831-2022-02-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216112333/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/regional-cinema/story/nani-and-keerthy-suresh-s-dasara-goes-on-floors-in-hyderabad-see-pics-1913831-2022-02-16 |archive-date=16 February 2022 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=India Today}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Bhola Shankar (film)|Bhola Shankar]]''|| Mahalakshmi || || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 October 2021 |title=Chiranjeevi's film Bhola Shankar's mahurat on Nov 11, shoot starts on Nov 15 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/chiranjeevi-s-film-bhola-shankar-s-mahurat-on-nov-11-shoot-starts-on-nov-15-1869869-2021-10-27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218131118/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/chiranjeevi-s-film-bhola-shankar-s-mahurat-on-nov-11-shoot-starts-on-nov-15-1869869-2021-10-27 |archive-date=18 February 2022 |access-date=18 February 2022 |website=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 2022 |title=Chiranjeevi's 'Bhola Shankar' to release on April 14, 2023 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/chiranjeevis-bhola-shankar-to-release-on-april-14-2023/article65793888.ece/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824125315/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/chiranjeevis-bhola-shankar-to-release-on-april-14-2023/article65793888.ece/amp/ |archive-date=24 August 2022 |access-date=24 August 2022 |website=The Hindu}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Maamannan]]''|| Leela || rowspan="3" | Tamil || || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Purushothaman |first=Kirubhakar |date=29 June 2023 |title=Maamannan review: A well-meaning but rudimentary film from Mari Selvaraj |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/maamannan-review-a-well-meaning-but-rudimentary-film-from-mari-selvaraj-8692260/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727120850/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/maamannan-review-a-well-meaning-but-rudimentary-film-from-mari-selvaraj-8692260/ |archive-date=27 July 2023 |access-date=27 July 2023 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2024 || ''[[Siren (2024 film)|Siren]]'' || Inspector K. Nandhini || || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 September 2022 |title=Anupama Parameswaran joins the cast of Keerthy Suresh and Jayam Ravi starrer 'Siren' |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/anupama-parameswaran-joins-cast-keerthy-suresh-and-jayam-ravi-starrer-siren-1188132 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015152506/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/anupama-parameswaran-joins-cast-keerthy-suresh-and-jayam-ravi-starrer-siren-1188132 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |work=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Raghu Thatha]]'' || Kayalvizhi Pandian "Kayal" / Ka. Pandian|| || style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |date=19 December 2023 |title=Promo of Keerthy Suresh's 'Raghu Thatha' promises a hilarious adventure drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/promo-of-keerthy-sureshs-raghu-thatha-promises-a-hilarious-adventure-drama/articleshow/106128941.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101012420/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/promo-of-keerthy-sureshs-raghu-thatha-promises-a-hilarious-adventure-drama/articleshow/106128941.cms |archive-date=1 January 2024 |access-date=4 January 2024 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=5 December 2022 |title='Raghu Thatha': Keerthy Suresh's next is with Hombale Films. |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/raghu-thatha-keerthy-sureshs-next-is-with-hombale-films/article66225586.ece/amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114160308/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/raghu-thatha-keerthy-sureshs-next-is-with-hombale-films/article66225586.ece/amp |archive-date=14 January 2023 |access-date=14 January 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]''
||Bujji
||Telugu
||Voice role
||
|-
| ''[[Baby John (film)|Baby John]]'' || Dr. Meera Verma || [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] || || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2024 |title=SCOOP: Varun Dhawan's next with Atlee titled Baby John |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/scoop-varun-dhawans-next-atlee-titled-baby-john/ |access-date=25 January 2024 |website=Bollywood Hungama |archive-date=25 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240125033013/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/scoop-varun-dhawans-next-atlee-titled-baby-john/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2025
|''[[Uppu Kappurambu]]''
|Apoorva
|Telugu
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-06-16 |title=Keerthy Suresh's 'Uppu Kappurambu' Locks Digital Release Date; Comedy-Drama to Premiere on THIS Day |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/keerthy-sureshs-uppu-kappurambu-locks-digital-release-date-comedy-drama-to-premiere-on-this-day/articleshow/121878079.cms |access-date=2025-06-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-19 |title=Uppu Kappurambu Trailer: Keerthy Suresh Turns Village Head In Latest Comedy Film |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/uppu-kappurambu-trailer-keerthy-suresh-turns-village-head-in-latest-comedy-film-suhas-article-152110234 |access-date=2025-06-19 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Revolver Rita]]'' || Rita || rowspan="2" |Tamil || || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2025-11-09 |title=Keerthy Suresh's Revolver Rita gets a new release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Nov/09/keerthy-sureshs-revolver-rita-gets-a-new-release-date |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 {{TBA}} || {{pending film|Kannivedi}} || rowspan=3 | {{TableTBA}} || Filming || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2023 |title=Keerthy Suresh's next titled Kannivedi |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/jul/15/keerthysureshs-next-titled-kannivedi-45666.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716163246/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/jul/15/keerthysureshs-next-titled-kannivedi-45666.html |archive-date=16 July 2023 |access-date=16 July 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>
|-
| {{Pending film|Thottam}} || Malayalam || Filming || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-11-06 |title='Thottam' first look out: Keerthy Suresh and Antony Varghese Pepe unite for high-octane action adventure |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/thottam-first-look-out-keerthy-suresh-and-antony-varghese-pepe-unite-for-high-octane-action-adventure/articleshow/125120426.cms |access-date=2025-12-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| {{Pending film|Rowdy Janardhana}} || Telugu || Filming || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title='Rowdy Janardhana': Vijay Deverakonda's Next Film Gets A Title Teaser |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/insight/rowdy-janardhana-vijay-deverakondas-next-film-gets-a-title-teaser |access-date=2026-01-03 |website=The Hollywood Reporter India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Keerthy Suresh television credits
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Network
!Language
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{ref heading}}
|-
|2003||''Grihanadhan''||[[DD Malayalam]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]]||Child actress; telefilm||
|-
|2004||''Santhana Gopalam''|| [[Surya TV]]|| rowspan="2" | Child actress; serial || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>[http://www.mangalam.com/mangalam-varika/84386 ഞാന്‍ കീര്‍ത്തി; മേനകയുടെ മകള്‍] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206212130/http://www.mangalam.com/mangalam-varika/84386 |date=6 December 2013 }}. mangalam.com (16 August 2013). Retrieved 26 January 2014.</ref>
|-
|2005||''Krishna Kripa Sagaram''||[[Amrita TV]]|| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=As a child artist – Keerthy Suresh: Interesting facts about the 'Mahanati' actress – The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/photo-features/keerthy-suresh-interesting-facts-about-the-mahanati-actress/as-a-child-artist/photostory/64093231.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915042218/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/photo-features/keerthy-suresh-interesting-facts-about-the-mahanati-actress/as-a-child-artist/photostory/64093231.cms |archive-date=15 September 2018 |access-date=24 August 2018 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| 2024
| ''[[Bujji & Bhairava]]''
| [[Amazon Prime Video]]
|[[Telugu cinema|Telugu]]
|Voice role as Bujji
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2024 |title=Prabhas-starrer Kalki 2898 AD prelude, titled Bujji and Bhairava, to stream on OTT soon - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/entertainment/prabhas-starrer-kalki-2898-ad-prelude-titled-bujji-and-bhairava-to-stream-on-ott-soon-19418782.htm/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530145805/https://www.cnbctv18.com/entertainment/prabhas-starrer-kalki-2898-ad-prelude-titled-bujji-and-bhairava-to-stream-on-ott-soon-19418782.htm/ |archive-date=30 May 2024 |access-date=30 May 2024 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Music video appearances ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ {{nowrap|Keerthy Suresh music video appearances credits}}
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Singer
! scope="col" | Composer
! scope="col" | Language
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{ref heading}}
|-
|2022
|"Gandhari"
|[[Ananya Bhat]]
|Pawan Ch
|Telugu
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 February 2022 |title=Keerthy Suresh looks mesmerizing in debut music video 'Gandhari' |url=https://theprint.in/features/keerthy-suresh-looks-mesmerizing-in-debut-music-video-gandhari/839669/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221183346/https://theprint.in/features/keerthy-suresh-looks-mesmerizing-in-debut-music-video-gandhari/839669/ |archive-date=21 February 2022 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=ThePrint}}</ref>
|}

== Accolades ==

===List of Keerthy Suresh awards and nominations===

[[Keerthy Suresh]] has won numerous awards and Recognitions across many languages and she still remains to be the Youngest National Film Award Recipient in Telugu Cinema.

=== National Film Awards ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Award
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Work
! scope="col" | Result
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{ref heading}}
|-
|2019
| [[National Film Awards]]
| [[National Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|''[[Mahanati]]''
| {{won}}
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2019 |title=66th National Film Awards: Keerthy Suresh bags Best Actress award for her portrayal of Savitri. |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/66th-national-film-awards-keerthy-suresh-bags-best-actress-award-for-her-portrayal-of-savitri-1579168-2019-08-09 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809123137/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/66th-national-film-awards-keerthy-suresh-bags-best-actress-award-for-her-portrayal-of-savitri-1579168-2019-08-09 |archive-date=9 August 2019 |access-date=26 November 2019 |website=India Today}}</ref>
|}

===Tamil Nadu State Film Awards===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Award
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Work
! scope="col" | Result
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{ref heading}}
|-
|2016
| [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]
|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress| Best Actress]]
|[[Paambhu Sattai]]
|{{won}}
|
|}

===Filmfare Awards South===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Award
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Work
! scope="col" | Result
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{ref heading}}
|-
|2017
| [[64th Filmfare Awards South]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
| ''[[Nenu Sailaja]]''
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2017 |title=64th Filmfare Awards South 2017: Here is the full nominations' list. |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/64th-filmfare-awards-south-2017-full-nominations-list-983224-2017-06-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218143346/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/64th-filmfare-awards-south-2017-full-nominations-list-983224-2017-06-17 |archive-date=18 February 2019 |access-date=26 November 2019 |website=India Today}}</ref>
|-
| 2019
| [[66th Filmfare Awards South]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
| [[Mahanati]]
| {{won}}
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominations for the 66th Filmfare Awards (South) 2019 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-66th-filmfare-awards-south-2019_-37931.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212141500/https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-66th-filmfare-awards-south-2019_-37931.html |archive-date=12 December 2019 |access-date=20 December 2019 |website=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners of the 66th Filmfare Awards (South) 2019 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/winners-of-the-66th-filmfare-awards-south-2019_-38163.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222020917/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/winners-of-the-66th-filmfare-awards-south-2019_-38163.html |archive-date=22 December 2019 |access-date=22 December 2019 |website=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|[[68th Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Best Actress – Tamil]]
|''[[Saani Kaayidham]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners of the 68th Filmfare Awards South ( Tamil ) 2023 {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/winners-of-the-68th-filmfare-awards-south-tamil-2023_-67193.html |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|[[69th Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
|''[[Dasara (film)|Dasara]]''
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-04 |title=69th Sobha Filmfare Awards South 2024: Check out the winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/69th-sobha-filmfare-awards-south-2024-check-out-the-winners/articleshow/112251936.cms |access-date=2024-09-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|[[70th Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress - Tamil|Best Actress - Tamil]]
|[[Raghu Thatha]]
|{{nom}}
|
|}

===South Indian International Movie Awards===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Award
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Work
! scope="col" | Result
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{ref heading}}
|-
| 2014
| [[3rd South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut – Malayalam|Best Female Debut - Malayalam]]
| ''[[Geethaanjali]]''
| {{won}}
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://siima.in/2014/winners.html |title=South Indian International Movie Awards |website=siima.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528003615/http://siima.in/2014/winners.html |archive-date=2016-05-28}}</ref>
|-
| 2016
| [[5th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut – Tamil|Best Female Debut - Tamil]]
| ''[[Idhu Enna Maayam]]''
| {{won}}
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=SIIMA 2016 Tamil Winners |url=http://siima.in/2016/winners.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160714054004/http://siima.in/2016/winners.html |archive-date=14 July 2016 |access-date=19 May 2020 |website=South Indian International Movie Awards}}</ref>
|-
|2017
| [[6th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut – Telugu|Best Female Debut – Telugu]]
| [[Nenu Sailaja]]
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite tweet |number=869517134644236288 |user=siima |title=SIIMA 2017 Nominations for BEST DEBUT ACTRESS (Telugu) |date=30 May 2017 |access-date=19 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2019
| [[8th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
| [[Mahanati]]
| {{won}}
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2019 |title=SIIMA 2019 winners full list: Dhanush, Trisha, Prithviraj win big |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/siima-awards-2019-winners-rangasthalam-kgf-yash-keerthy-suresh-tamil-telugu-malayalam-kannada-5909506/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190817071054/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/siima-awards-2019-winners-rangasthalam-kgf-yash-keerthy-suresh-tamil-telugu-malayalam-kannada-5909506/ |archive-date=17 August 2019 |access-date=26 November 2019 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1"| 2021
| [[10th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Best Actress – Tamil]]
| ''[[Penguin (film)|Penguin]]''
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2021 |title=Nayanthara, Keerthy Suresh to fight it out for Best Actress Award; check out SIIMA nominees |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/tamil-cinema/article/nayanthara-keerthy-suresh-to-fight-it-out-for-best-actress-award-check-out-siima-nominees/806004 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107155220/https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/tamil-cinema/article/nayanthara-keerthy-suresh-to-fight-it-out-for-best-actress-award-check-out-siima-nominees/806004 |archive-date=7 November 2021 |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=zoomtventertainment.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3"|2023
| rowspan="3"|[[11th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Best Actress – Tamil]]
| rowspan="2"|''[[Saani Kaayidham]]''
|{{nom}}
| rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |title=SIIMA 2023 winners: Ponniyin Selvan I, Nna Thaan Case Kodu, R Madhavan, Trisha, Tovino Thomas and Kalyani Priyadarshan win big |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/siima-awards-2023-day-2-r-madhavan-takes-home-award-for-best-debutant-director-kamal-haasan-best-actor-mani-ratnams-ponniyin-selvan-shines-8943416/lite/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928192620/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/siima-awards-2023-day-2-r-madhavan-takes-home-award-for-best-debutant-director-kamal-haasan-best-actor-mani-ratnams-ponniyin-selvan-shines-8943416/lite/ |archive-date=28 September 2023 |access-date=16 September 2023 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
|-
| [[SIIMA Critics Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Best Actress Critics – Tamil]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Actress – Malayalam|Best Actress – Malayalam]]
| ''[[Vaashi (2022 film)|Vaashi]]''
| {{nom}}
|-
|rowspan="2"|2024
| rowspan="2" |[[12th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
|[[Dasara (film)|Dasara]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-15 |title=SIIMA Winners List 2024 (Telugu, Kannada): Nani, Rakshit Shetty Win Best Actor; Mrunal Best Actress |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/siima-winners-list-2024-telugu-kannada-nani-rakshit-shetty-win-best-actor-mrunal-thakur-best-actress-9051458.html |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Best Actress - Tamil]]
|''[[Maamannan]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-16 |title=SIIMA 2024 Winners List: Aishwarya Rai, Vikram and Tovino Thomas Win Big, Jailer Wins Best Film |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/siima-2024-winners-aishwarya-rai-vikram-tovino-thomas-best-actor-jailer-best-film-9052120.html |access-date=2024-09-16 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|[[13th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Actress - Tamil|Best Actress - Tamil]]
|[[Raghu Thatha]]
|{{nom}}
|
|}

===Other Awards and Recognitions===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Award
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Work
! scope="col" | Result
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{ref heading}}
|-
| 2014
| [[16th Asianet Film Awards]]
| Best New Face of the Year
| [[Geethaanjali]]
| {{won}}
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2018 |title=16th Ujala Asianet Film Awards 2014 Winners |url=https://www.keralatv.in/asianet-film-awards-2014-live/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616230209/https://www.keralatv.in/asianet-film-awards-2014-live/ |archive-date=16 June 2020 |access-date=20 May 2020 |publisher=Kerala TV}}</ref>
|-
| 2015
| [[Edison Awards (India)|Edison Awards Tamil]]
| Best Female Rising Star
| ''[[Idhu Enna Maayam]]''
| {{won}}
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2016 |title=9th Annual Edison Awards |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/photo/edison-awards-2015-thani-oruvan-yet-again-sweeps-maximum-number-of-awards-377945-2016-02-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616211032/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/photo/edison-awards-2015-thani-oruvan-yet-again-sweeps-maximum-number-of-awards-377945-2016-02-15 |archive-date=16 June 2020 |access-date=19 May 2020 |website=India Today}}</ref>
|-
| 2018
| [[Indian Film Festival of Melbourne]]
| Best Actress
| ''[[Mahanati]]''
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2018 |title=Padmaavat, Sanju dominate nominations at Indian Film Festival of Melbourne Awards 2018 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/padmaavat-sanju-dominate-nominations-at-indian-film-festival-of-melbourne-awards-2018-4724031.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917155627/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/padmaavat-sanju-dominate-nominations-at-indian-film-festival-of-melbourne-awards-2018-4724031.html |archive-date=17 September 2018 |access-date=8 January 2020 |website=Firstpost}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2019
| rowspan="2"| [[Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards]]
| Best Actress
| rowspan="3"|''[[Mahanati|Nadigaiyar Thilagam]]''
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=NTFF is now entering gloriously into its 10th year! – Winners | NTFF |url=https://ntff.no/ntff-is-now-entering-gloriously-into-its-10th-year/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020233449/https://ntff.no/ntff-is-now-entering-gloriously-into-its-10th-year/ |archive-date=20 October 2020 |access-date=8 September 2020}}</ref>
|-
| Special Jury Award
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Edison Awards (India)|Edison Awards Tamil]]
| Best Actress
| {{Nom}}
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=12th Annual Edison Awards |url=http://edisonawards.in/teaawards/more_1.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219080202/http://edisonawards.in/teaawards/more_1.php |archive-date=19 December 2019 |access-date=26 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
| [[Zee Cine Awards Telugu]]
| Best Actress
| [[Mahanati]]
| {{won}}
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2019 |title=Tollywood's first and biggest Awards event of the Year on Zee Telugu. |url=https://zeenews.india.com/regional/tollywoods-first-and-biggest-awards-event-of-the-year-on-zee-telugu-2173969.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209204146/https://zeenews.india.com/regional/tollywoods-first-and-biggest-awards-event-of-the-year-on-zee-telugu-2173969.html |archive-date=9 February 2019 |access-date=26 November 2019 |website=Zee News}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2024
|rowspan="2"| [[3rd IIFA Utsavam]]
|[[IIFA Utsavam Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
|''[[Dasara (film)|Dasara]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=IIFA UTSAVAM 2024 UNVEILS NOMINATIONS, HONORING THE DIVERSITY OF SOUTH INDIAN CINEMA! |url=https://www.iifa.com/news/utsavam-news-details/iifa-utsavam-2024-unveils-nominations-honoring-the-diversity-of-south-indian-cinema- |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=IIFA |language=en}}
|</ref>
|-
|[[3rd IIFA Utsavam|Best Actress – Tamil]]
|''[[Maamannan]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=IIFA UTSAVAM 2024 UNVEILS NOMINATIONS, HONORING THE DIVERSITY OF SOUTH INDIAN CINEMA! |url=https://www.iifa.com/news/utsavam-news-details/iifa-utsavam-2024-unveils-nominations-honoring-the-diversity-of-south-indian-cinema- |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=IIFA |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|id=7146337}}
* {{xsn|KeerthyOfficial}}

{{Navboxes|title=Awards received by Keerthy Suresh|list=
{{National Film Award Best Actress}}
{{SIIMA Award for Best Female Débutante}}
{{SIIMA Award for Best Actress – Telugu}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu}}
}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Suresh, Keerthy}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Kendriya Vidyalaya alumni]]
[[Category:Actresses from Chennai]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam television]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian child actresses]]
[[Category:Child actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:South Indian International Movie Awards winners]]
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:Best Actress National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Zee Cine Awards Telugu winners]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:IIFA Utsavam winners]]

O. V. Vijayan Literary Award

2026-03-16T08:49:55Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: adding a entry...

{{Short description|Malayalam literary award}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox award
| name = O. V. Vijayan Sahitya Puraskaram
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| subheader = Award for individual contributions to [[Malayalam literature]]
| awarded_for = Literary award in [[India]]
| sponsor = Naveena Samskarika Kala Kendram, [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
| firstawarded = 2011
| lastawarded = 2019
| reward = {{INR}}50,000, citation, memento designed by [[Kanayi Kunhiraman]]
| former name =
| holder_label = Most recent winner
| holder =
| award1_type = Total awarded
| award1_winner = 9
| award2_type = First winner
| award2_winner = [[Sarah Joseph (author)|Sarah Joseph]]
| award3_type = Last winner
| award3_winner = [[P. F. Mathews]]
| website = {{URL|http://nskk.in/home}}
| previous =
| next =
}}
The '''O. V. Vijayan Sahitya Puraskaram''' or '''O. V. Vijayan Literary Award''' is instituted by the Naveena Samskarika Kala Kendram, [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], in memory of [[Malayalam]] novelist and cartoonist [[O. V. Vijayan]] who had spent his last days in [[Secunderabad]]. The award consists of a cash component of {{INR}}50,001, a memento by [[Kanayi Kunhiraman]], and a citation. The award is given to the best book in [[Malayalam language]] during the year.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehansindia.info/News/Article.asp?category=5&subCategory=1&ContentId=99833|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130218054506/http://www.thehansindia.info/News/Article.asp?category=5&subCategory=1&ContentId=99833|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 February 2013|title=A thinker who was far ahead of his time|date=12 November 2012|newspaper=[[The Hans India]]|access-date=11 December 2012}}</ref>

==Recipients==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Recipient !! Work !! Category !! Ref.
|-
| 2011
| [[Sarah Joseph (author)|Sarah Joseph]]
| ''Ooru Kaval''
| Novel
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/award-for-sara-joseph/article2575789.ece|title=Award for Sara Joseph|date=28 October 2011|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=13 April 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 2012
| [[Paul Zacharia|Zacharia]]
| ''Alfonsammayude Maranavum Shavasamskaravum''
| Collection of short stories
| <ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=779670|title=O.V. Vijayan Award for Paul Zachariah|date=1 November 2012|newspaper=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|access-date=13 April 2014|archive-date=4 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104111920/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=779670|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 2013
| [[Vijayalakshmi (poet)|Vijayalakshmi]]
| ''Vijayalakshmiyude Kavithakal''
| Collection of poems
| <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/award-for-writer-vijayalakshmi/article5246682.ece|title=Award for writer Vijayalakshmi|date=18 October 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=13 April 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 2014
| [[B. Rajeevan]]
| ''Vakkukalum Vasthukkalum''
| Collection of essays
| <ref>{{cite news|url=http://digitalpaper.mathrubhumi.com/362750/Outside-Kerala/26-OCTOBER-2014#page/7/2|title=O.V. Vijayan Award for B. Rajeevan|date=26 October 2014|newspaper=Mathrubhumi|access-date=27 October 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 2015
| Ushakumari
| ''Chithirapurathe Janaki''
| Novel
| <ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/malayalam-writer-bags-ov-vijayan-award/article7786723.ece |title=Malayalam writer bags O.V. Vijayan award |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20161103091003/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/malayalam-writer-bags-ov-vijayan-award/article7786723.ece |archive-date=3 November 2016 |access-date=3 November 2016 }}</ref>
|-
| 2016
| [[Chandramathi]]
| ''Rathnakarante Bharya''
| Collection of short stories
| <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/o-v-vijayan-award/597513 |title=ഒ വി വിജയന്‍ പുരസ്കാരം ചന്ദ്രമതിക്ക്|date=23 October 2016|newspaper=[[Deshabhimani (newspaper)|Deshabhimani]]|access-date=9 December 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
| [[Lopamudra R|Lopa R.]]
| ''Vaikkolpava''
| Collection of poems
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/121117/malayalam-literature-lives-on.html|title=Malayalam literature lives on|date=12 Nov 2017|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=9 December 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2018
| [[C. S. Meenakshi]]
| ''Bhoumachapam - Indian Bhoopatanirmanathinte Vismayacharithram''
| Non-fiction
| <ref>*{{cite news|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/print-edition/kerala/thiruvananthapuram-1.3257960|title=സി.എസ്. മീനാക്ഷിക്ക്‌ ഒ.വി. വിജയൻ സാഹിത്യപുരസ്‌കാരം|date=28 October 2018|newspaper=Mathrubhumi|access-date=9 December 2019|archive-date=13 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413235438/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/print-edition/kerala/thiruvananthapuram-1.3257960|url-status=dead}}
*{{cite news|url=http://www.keralakaumudi.com/news/kerala/general/o.v-vijayan-award-7655|title=ഒ. വി. വിജയൻ പുരസ്‌കാരം സി.‌ എസ് മീനാക്ഷിക്ക്|date=28 October 2018|newspaper=Kerala Kaumudi|access-date=9 December 2019}}
*{{cite news|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/news/announcements/2018/10/27/06-award.html|title=ഒ. വി. വിജയൻ പുരസ്‌കാരം സി.‌ എസ് മീനാക്ഷിക്ക്|date=28 October 2018|newspaper=Malayala Manorama|access-date=9 December 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2019
| [[Karunakaran (Malayalam writer)|Karunakaran]]
| ''Yuvavayirunna Onpathu Varsham''
| Novel
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dcbooks.com/o-v-vijayan-literary-award-for-karunakaran.html|title=ഒ.വി. വിജയന്‍ സാഹിത്യപുരസ്‌കാരം കരുണാകരന്|date=26 October 2019|publisher=DC Books|access-date=9 December 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2022
| [[P. F. Mathews]]
| ''Muzhakkam''
| Novel
| <ref name="O.V. Vijayan award for writer P.F. Mathews">{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-10-20 |title=O.V. Vijayan award for writer P.F. Mathews |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/ov-vijayan-award-for-writer-pf-mathews/article67442240.ece |access-date=2023-10-20 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name="O.V. Vijayan awards for Mathews, Devadas, Nidhin">{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-02-02 |title=O.V. Vijayan awards for Mathews, Devadas, Nidhin |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/ov-vijayan-awards-for-mathews-devadas-nidhin/article66463747.ece |access-date=2023-11-16 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
| 2023
| Kuzhur Wilson
| ''Innu Njan Nale Neeyantappan''
| Collection of poems
| <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=25 October 2024 |title=പതിനൊന്നാമത് ഒ.വി. വിജയൻ സാഹിത്യപുരസ്ക്കാരം കുഴൂർ വിത്സന് |language=ml |publisher=DC Books |url=https://www.dcbooks.com/ov-vijayan-literary-award-to-kuzhoor-vilson.html |access-date=7 November 2024}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[List of Malayalam literary awards]]

==References==
<references />

{{Malayalam Literature |state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Indian literary awards]]
[[Category:Malayalam literary awards]]
[[Category:Awards established in 2011]]
[[Category:2011 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]

University College Thiruvananthapuram

2026-03-14T20:28:35Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: adjusted information per standard format

#REDIRECT [[University College, Thiruvananthapuram]]

Mithya (film)

2026-03-11T14:12:29Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: created new info

{{For|the 1990 Malayalam film|Midhya}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mithya
| image = Mithya.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Rajat Kapoor]]
| producer = [[Arindam Chaudhuri]]
| writer = [[Rajat Kapoor]] [[Saurabh Shukla]]
| narrator =
| starring = [[Ranvir Shorey]] [[Neha Dhupia]] [[Naseeruddin Shah]] [[Vinay Pathak]]
| music = Sagar Desai
| cinematography = Rafey Mehmood
| editing = Suresh Pai
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2008|02|08|df=y}}
| runtime = 110 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Hindi]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Mithya''''' ({{langx|en|Illusion}}) is a 2008 [[India]]n [[Hindi]]-language [[black comedy]] film co-written and directed by [[Rajat Kapoor]] and produced by Planman Motion Pictures. It stars [[Ranvir Shorey]], [[Neha Dhupia]], [[Naseeruddin Shah]], and [[Vinay Pathak]] in pivotal roles. The score and soundtrack were composed by Sagar Desai. It was released on 8 February 2008, opening to good reviews.

== Plot ==
An [[Extra (acting)|extra]] (Ranvir Shourie) in [[Bollywood]] gets caught up with the wrong people because his face is identical to the underworld don, 'Raje' [[wikt:bhai|bhai]] (a slang for underworld don in [[Mumbai]]). An opposing gang seeing the opportunity plans to murder the don and replace him with the actor, who will sit at the helm of the don's empire and act as their puppet to help them take over the empire. The plan falls apart when the actor suffers a head injury during an accident and experiences [[amnesia]].

Amidst the turmoil he starts believing the don's family and enemies to be his own and starts eliminating the rival gang. Will the opposing gang reveal his secret and ruin their own plan or will he take over the business and keep believing the illusion that he was accidentally introduced to?

Now the big question: if our "[[memory]]" stored in the "[[hippocampus]]" part of the brain is our "[[Identity (social science)|identity]]", who are we really?

==Cast==
* [[Ranvir Shorey]] as VK/Rajendranath "Raje [[wikt:bhai|Bhai]]"
* [[Naseeruddin Shah]] as Gawde, Shetty's [[Personal assistant|right hand]]
* [[Neha Dhupia]] as Sonam, VK's love interest
* [[Saurabh Shukla]] as Shetty, opposite gang leader
* [[Harsh Chhaya]] as Manu, Raje's brother
* [[Vinay Pathak]] as Ram, Shetty's henchman
* [[Brijendra Kala]] as Shyam, Shetty's henchman
* [[Manu Rishi]] as Nayak, Shetty's mole in Raje's gang
* Ikhlaq Khan as Abbas
* [[Iravati Harshe|Iravati R Mayadev]] as Revati, Raje's wife
* [[Tinu Anand]] as Kuku Tola, [[Bollywood]] film producer
* Perin Malde as Tilak
* [[Pankaj Tripathi]]
* Rohit Pathak

== Production ==
It was first reported in August 2006 that [[Arindam Chaudhuri]]'s Planman Motion Pictures was working on a new film. [[Actor]]-[[Film director|director]] Rajat Kapoor was to direct this venture that was to have [[Organized crime|criminal underworld]] as its basic premise. Naseeruddin Shah, Neha Dhupia and Ranvir Shourie were reported as its cast. Shooting for the film began in July 2006.<ref>{{cite news|title=A brand new treat for film lovers|date=2006-08-08|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/08/stories/2006080805080200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070524011826/http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/08/stories/2006080805080200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-05-24|accessdate=2010-09-04|last=Tankha|first=Madhur |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

[[Sanchita Bhattacharya]], the winner of 2006 singing reality show ''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs]]'', made her singing debut in the [[Hindi cinema]] [[film industry|industry]] through this film. Director Kapoor and [[music director]] were quite convinced about her singing abilities. The producers hoped to use Bhattacharya's recent success while promoting the soundtrack.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bollywood break|date=2006-11-23 |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2006/11/23/stories/2006112300760100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120816232641/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2006/11/23/stories/2006112300760100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-08-16|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=2010-09-04}}</ref>

Actress Neha Dhupia immediately accepted Kapoor's offer for the film.<ref>{{cite news|title=I have a mad streak in me, says Neha|date=2007-07-27|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/I-have-a-mad-streak-in-me-says-Neha/207162/|accessdate=2010-09-04|newspaper=[[The Financial Express (India)|Financial Express]]|last=Kumar|first=Ashok}}</ref> She considered ''Mithya'' to be among her best performances. Though it was evident from the initial media reports, some found her presence in the film rather surprising.<ref name="actors">{{cite news|title=Rajat Kapoor ready with another rib-tickler|date=2007-07-27|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/rajat-kapoor-ready-with-another-ribtickler/45690-8.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013012312/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/rajat-kapoor-ready-with-another-ribtickler/45690-8.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-10-13|accessdate=2010-09-04|publisher=[[CNN-IBN]]|last=Ghuman|first=Simrat}}</ref> By being good friends with director Kapoor, actor Ranvir Shorey found it better to work with him in this film.<ref name="actors"/>

== Release and reception ==
''Mithya'' was first screened at the 9th [[Osian's Cinefan Festival of Asian and Arab Cinema]].<ref>{{cite news|title='Mithya' applauded at Osian's|date=2007-07-26|url=http://www.monstersandcritics.com/movies/indiancinema/news/article_1335230.php/Mithya_applauded_at_Osian_s |accessdate=2010-09-04|publisher=Monsters and Critics|work=Indo-Asian News Service}}</ref> Although it was to feature at the 2007 [[Cannes Film Festival]], the film was not complete by the nomination deadline. The organizers did not want to compromise on the quality of post-production by rushing through it.<ref>{{cite news|title=Make way for Planman Motion Pictures THE LAST LEAR!|date=2007-08-07|url=http://www.glamsham.com/movies/scoops/07/aug/17_amitabh_bachchan_rituparno_ghosh_the_last_lear_080702.asp|accessdate=2010-09-04|publisher=Glamsham.com|work=Bollywood Trade News Network}}</ref>

The film's commercial release was on 8 February 2008. Having arrived at the box office with no expectations, ''Mithya'' didn't have a favorable opening in the initial days. Slowly the collections showed signs of improvement based on the word of mouth. Based on this, the trade analysts felt that the film would be able to recover its shoestring budget.<ref>{{cite news|title=Box Office Analysis|date=2008-02-16|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/36629.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080218044411/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/36629.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 February 2008|accessdate=2010-09-04|work=Indiaglitz.com|last=Tuteja|first=Joginder}}</ref> By the end of the first week, it had a decent profit. Due to the film's offbeat nature, it did quite well mainly in [[Mumbai]] and [[New Delhi]] with collections exceeding [[Indian rupee|Rs.]] 7.5 million (approximately [[United States dollar|US$]]167,000) and Rs. 6 million respectively.<ref>{{cite news|title=Box Office Analysis|date=2008-02-21 |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/36742.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225110824/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/36742.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 February 2008|accessdate=2010-09-04|work=Indiaglitz.com|last=Tuteja|first=Joginder}}</ref>

In the subsequent two weeks, huge budget films such as ''[[Jodhaa Akbar]]'' caused a corresponding drop of 65% and 50% in the film's box office collections. However, by the fifth week, it had Rs. 52.5 million as its cumulative box office earnings. Trade analysts even called ''Mithya'' the dark horse of the first quarter of 2008.<ref>{{cite news|title=Box Office Analysis|date=2008-03-01|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/36930.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302235912/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/36930.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 March 2008|accessdate=2010-09-04|work=Indiaglitz.com|last=Tuteja|first=Joginder}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Box Office Analysis|date=2008-03-13|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/37205.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314231643/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/37205.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 March 2008|accessdate=2010-09-04|work=Indiaglitz.com|last=Tuteja|first=Joginder}}</ref>

While rating 4 out of 5 in his review, noted critic [[Rajeev Masand]] spoke highly about Rajat Kapoor's directorial abilities. He said that the film was a "brave, mature effort by a discerning director."<ref name="Masand">{{cite news|title=Review: Mithya never stops unravelling|date=2008-02-08|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/review-mithya-never-stops-unravelling/58517-8.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090408085256/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/review-mithya-never-stops-unravelling/58517-8.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-04-08|accessdate=2010-09-04|publisher=CNN-IBN|last=Masand|first=Rajeev}}</ref> Masand wrote highly about Ranvir Shorey by saying that the actor's performance "merits an impromptu ovation."<ref name="Masand"/> In her review, well-known critic [[Nikhat Kazmi]] liked Kapoor's unconventional approach to the usual storyline. Besides appreciating Shorey for his performance, she had high regard for Neha Dhupia and rest of the ensemble cast.<ref>{{cite news|title=Review: Mithya|date=2008-02-08|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Mithya/movie-review/2767931.cms|accessdate=2010-09-04|publisher=Times News Network|last=Kazmi|first=Nikhat}}</ref> Other movie critics such as [[Taran Adarsh]], [[Anupama Chopra]] and [[Raja Sen]] wrote generally good reviews for the film.<ref>{{cite news|title=Movie Review|date=2008-02-08 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/12913/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119002357/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/12913/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 January 2008|accessdate=2010-09-04|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|last=Adarsh|first=Taran}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ranvir Shorey's Mithya evokes mixed response|date=2008-02-09|url=http://www.ndtv.com/news/videos/video_player.php?page=5&id=23375|accessdate=2010-09-04|publisher=NDTV|last=Chopra|first=Anupama}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Mithya works|date=2008-02-08|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/feb/08mithya.htm|accessdate=2010-09-04|work=[[Rediff.com]]|last=Sen|first=Raja}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{official website|http://www.planmanmotionpictures.com/mithya.htm|Mithya}}
* {{IMDb title|1179782|Mithya}}

[[Category:2008 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2008_black_comedy_films]]
[[Category:2008 films]]
[[Category:Films about organised crime in India]]
[[Category:Indian black comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian crime comedy films]]
[[Category:Films about lookalikes]]
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films about Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Mafia comedy films]]
[[Category:Films about dementia]]
[[Category:Films about identity theft]]
[[Category:Films about memory]]
[[Category:Films about road accidents and incidents]]

Bhuna

2026-03-10T09:43:11Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: Added First Article Initial Version

{{Short description |Meat curry}}
{{good article}}
{{use Indian English|date=December 2025}}
{{use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox food
| name = Bhuna
| image = [[File:Kala bhuna 1.jpg|250 px]]
| caption = Beef [[Kala bhuna]]
| region = [[Bengal]]
| national_cuisine = [[Bangladeshi cuisine|Bangladesh]] [[Indian cuisine|India]]
| type = [[Curry]]
| course = [[Main course]]
| served = Hot
| main_ingredient = [[Beef]] or [[mutton]], [[List of Bangladeshi spices |Bangladeshi spices]]
}}
'''Bhuna''' ({{langx|bn|ভুনা}}, {{langx|hi|भुना}}), also written '''Bhoona''',<ref name="Sen 2017"/> is a slow-roasted, dry style of [[curry]], often made with meat, and originating from [[Bengal]]. It is characterised by the initial frying of an onion-based paste, followed by long braising of the spices and meat, giving it a dark appearance and rich flavour.

The bhuna technique is widespread in [[Indian cuisine]]. In Bangladesh, several varieties exist; ''kala bhuna'' is often eaten at [[mezban]] feasts, at [[Bengali Muslim wedding|Muslim weddings]], and on [[Muslim holidays|holidays]]. Bhuna has become a commonly eaten [[Curry in the United Kingdom|curry in British Indian restaurants]].

== Cooking technique ==

[[File:Kadai.jpg|thumb|left|Bhuna is traditionally cooked in a heavy round pan, a [[karahi]].]]

The bhuna [[curry]] technique, originally from [[Bengal]],<ref name="BBC Ultimate Guide"/> calls for a paste made from onions, garlic, and ginger to create a thick sauce. Tomato can be included in the paste, which is fried in oil until soft. The pieces of meat or vegetables for the curry are then added and braised in a deep, heavy, round pan called a [[karahi]].<ref name="BBC Ultimate Guide"/><ref name="Sen 2017">{{cite book |last=Sen |first=Colleen Taylor |author-link=Colleen Taylor Sen |title=Curry |date=2017 |orig-year=2009 |publisher=[[Reaktion Books]] |isbn=978-93-86338-83-9 |pages=24, 33, 141}}</ref><ref name="British Curry Guide"/> Cooking continues at length, reducing and thickening the sauce to develop a rich flavour.<ref name="BBC Ultimate Guide"/><ref name="Bangla Tribune"/> Bhuna is thus a characteristically dry style of curry.<ref name="Sengupta 2023">{{cite journal |last=Sengupta |first=Jayanta |title=Bengali Mughlai Platter on the Table: Muslim and Indo-Persian Food Culture in Bengal |journal=Global Food History |volume=9 |issue=2 |date=4 May 2023 |doi=10.1080/20549547.2023.2191491 |pages=130–148 |url=https://www.academia.edu/download/100179359/Bengali_Mughlai_Platter_on_the_Table_Muslim_and_Indo_Persian_Food_Culture_in_Bengal.pdf}}</ref>

The spices in the sauce vary somewhat but can include [[chili powder|chili]], [[cumin]], [[coriander]], [[cardamom]], [[cinnamon]], [[clove]]s, [[turmeric]], [[black pepper]], [[salt]], [[mustard oil]], [[garam masala]], [[nutmeg]], and toasted cumin.<ref>{{cite news |script-title=bn:চেনা মসলার স্বাদে |trans-title=With the taste of familiar spices |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/life-style/article/1612495/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87 |work=[[Prothom Alo]] |language=bn |access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref>{{-}}

== Indian subcontinent ==

[[File:মেজবানি - 20547809216.jpg|thumb|Cooking kala bhuna for the [[Mezban]] festival, [[Chittagong]], Bangladesh]]

The bhuna technique is widespread in [[Indian cuisine]], though it is not used [[Assamese cuisine|in Assam]].<ref name="Sharma 2023">{{cite journal |last=Sharma |first=Madhu |title=Food Habits in Different Parts Of India |journal=International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Science, Engineering, Technology & Management |date=May 2023 |volume=10 |issue=5 |pages=1190-1209 |url=https://www.ijmrsetm.com/admin/img/41_Food1.pdf}}</ref> For example, bhuna slow roasting is used in the ''kaliya'' meat curry made by the [[Kayastha]] community.<ref name="Hoogervorst 2022">{{cite journal |last=Hoogervorst |first=Tom G. |title=The Connections, Exclusions, and Silences of an Indian Ocean Stew |journal=Global Food History |year=2022 |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=106-127 |doi=10.1080/20549547.2022.2041356 |url=https://pure.knaw.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/1708896244/Qaliyya_The_Connections_Exclusions_and_Silences_of_an_Indian_Ocean_Stew.pdf}}</ref>
The curry is served with steamed rice or [[naan]] flatbread.<ref name="British Curry Guide"/>

In [[Bangladeshi cuisine]], bhuna is a meat curry made of [[beef]] or [[mutton]].<ref name="banglatribune.com">{{cite news |script-title=bn:আঞ্চলিক খাবারের স্বাদে... |trans-title=Taste regional cuisine |url=https://www.banglatribune.com/lifestyle/news/278837 |work=[[Bangla Tribune]] |language=bn |access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh cuisine part I - delectable and diverse |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/lifestyle/spotlight/bangladesh-cuisine-part-i-delectable-and-diverse-1325551 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh) |The Daily Star]] |access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref> One variety, the [[Chittagong]]-style ''[[Kala Bhuna|kala bhuna]]'' ("black bhuna"), gets its name from its appearance, as the meat goes blackish during the long process of deep frying with the spices.<ref name="Bangla Tribune">{{cite news |script-title=bn:রেসিপি: চট্টগ্রামের ঐতিহ্যবাহী গরুর কালাভুনা |trans-title=Recipe: Chittagong's traditional beef kalavuna |url=https://www.banglatribune.com/lifestyle/news/300437/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%90%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE |work=[[Bangla Tribune]] |language=bn |access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref> Bhuna is common across Bangladesh, including in [[Sylhet]],<ref>{{cite news |script-title=bn:পাঁচ ভাই’য়ের চালের রুটি ও কালাভুনা |trans-title=Panch Bhai's rice bread and black beans |url=https://m.bdnews24.com/bn/detail/lifestyle/1411670 |work=[[bdnews24.com]] |language=bn |access-date=30 March 2020 |archive-date=15 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215084013/https://m.bdnews24.com/bn/detail/lifestyle/1411670 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Khulna]],<ref>{{cite news |script-title=bn:কালাভুনার স্বাদ নিতে খুলনার চিটাগাং দরবারে |trans-title=Visit Khulna's Chittagong Darbar to taste Kalabhu |url=https://m.banglanews24.com/national/news/bd/608824.details |work=[[Banglanews24.com]] |language=bn |access-date=30 March 2020 |archive-date=9 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809062215/https://m.banglanews24.com/national/news/bd/608824.details |url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Dhaka]].<ref>{{cite news |script-title=bn:ঢাকায় চাটগাঁইয়া স্বাদ |trans-title=Taste of Chatgaya in Dhaka |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/life-style/article/980044/%E0%A6%A2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%87%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6 |work=[[Prothom Alo]] |language=bn |access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref> This dish is often eaten at [[mezban]] feasts, at [[Muslim holidays|the Muslim holiday of Eid]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Spicy Kala Bhuna |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/post/413109/Spicy-Kala-Bhuna |work=[[Daily Sun (Bangladesh)|Daily Sun]] |access-date=26 December 2025 |date=4 August 2019}}</ref> at [[Bengali Muslim wedding]]s,<ref>{{cite news |title=Wedding menu through the ages: From Polao-Korma to Kacchi Biryani |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/feature/food/wedding-menu-through-ages-polao-korma-kacchi-biryani-47057 |access-date=26 December 2025 |work=[[The Business Standard]] |date=23 February 2020 |quote=The traditional entre – a colourful plate of seasonal fruits – is long gone. The latest popular edition is naan, beef kala bhuna, and desi style Chinese vegetables.}}</ref> and in [[suhur |sehri]] or [[iftar]] during the time of [[Ramadan]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Jahan |first=Nusrath |title=What's for iftar? A refreshing take on the typical Bangladeshi spread |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/lifestyle/news/whats-iftar-refreshing-take-the-typical-bangladeshi-spread-3839056 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |date=3 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250303173710/https://www.thedailystar.net/lifestyle/news/whats-iftar-refreshing-take-the-typical-bangladeshi-spread-3839056 |archive-date=3 March 2025}}</ref> In [[Old Dhaka]], restaurant dishes in the 1960s included ''Nehari Bhuna'' (spicy goat or beef shank soup) and ''Magaj Bhuna'' (spicy sauteed goat brain).<ref>{{cite web |last=Choudhury |first=Ziauddin M. |title=Food and Eateries of Old Dhaka |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/36012315/Food-and-Eateries-of-Old-Dhaka |website=Scribd |access-date=30 January 2026}}</ref>
A characteristic Dhaka curry, ''bhuna [[Khichdi (dish)|khichdi]]'', is made with lentils and rice.<ref name="Sengupta 2023"/>

== In Britain ==

{{further|Curry in the United Kingdom}}

Bhuna is one of the styles of [[curry]] commonly served [[Curry in the United Kingdom|in Indian restaurants in Britain]], alongside popular dishes like [[chicken tikka masala]], [[Madras curry]], and [[korma]].<ref name="BBC Ultimate Guide">{{cite web |title=From balti to bhuna: the ultimate guide to curry |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3jPY8xvk41DrT93Lw4XPk1w/from-balti-to-bhuna-the-ultimate-guide-to-curry |publisher=[[BBC Radio 4]] |access-date=2 November 2025}}</ref><ref name="British Curry Guide"/> Until the early 1970s, most of these restaurants were owned and run by migrants from [[Sylhet Division|Sylhet]] in East Pakistan, which became Bangladesh in 1971.<ref name="Curry Scene 2006">{{cite web |title=UK Curry Scene |url=http://www.curryhouse.co.uk/scene/ethnshow.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924204646/http://www.curryhouse.co.uk/scene/ethnshow.htm |archive-date=24 September 2006 |access-date=12 December 2006}}</ref> Bhuna has been described as "a curry-house favourite".<ref name="Burnett-Hall">{{cite web |last1=Burnett-Hall |first1=Tamsin |title=Lamb bhuna |url=https://www.sainsburysmagazine.co.uk/recipes/mains/lamb-bhuna |publisher=Sainsbury's Magazine |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref> According to the British Curry Guide, the high heat of frying produces a "deep, caramelized flavor".<ref name="British Curry Guide">{{cite web |title=Bhuna |url=https://britishcurryguide.co.uk/recipes/bhuna |website=British Curry Guide |access-date=30 January 2026}}</ref> [[BBC Food]] presents a variant recipe using chicken rather than red meat.<ref name="Gowardhan">{{cite web |last=Gowardhan |first=Maunika |title=Chicken bhuna |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/bhuna_murgh_masala_90385 |publisher=[[BBC Food]] |access-date=30 January 2026}}</ref> A vegetarian bhuna can be made using South Asian [[paneer]] cheese.<ref name="Everett 2023">{{cite web |last1=Everett |first1=Thea |title=Discover 11 budget paneer recipes that’ll shake up your weekly rotation |url=https://www.deliciousmagazine.co.uk/discover-11-budget-paneer-recipes-thatll-shake-up-your-weekly-rotation/ |website=Delicious Magazine |access-date=2 February 2026 |date=April 2023}}</ref> The British television chef [[Nadiya Hussain]] proposes a [[crab]] bhuna,<ref>{{cite web |last=Hussain |first=Nadiya |author-link=Nadiya Hussain |title=Recipes: Crab Bhuna |url=https://www.nadiyahussain.com/recipe/crab-bhuna/ |website=Nadiya |access-date=2 February 2026 |date=7 June 2024}}</ref> and a quick lamb bhuna with the sauce ingredients and oil ground to a fine paste.<ref name="Hussain BBC">{{cite web |last=Hussain |first=Nadiya |author-link=Nadiya Hussain |title=Nadiya's lamb bhuna |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/lamb_bhuna_with_garlic_27184 |publisher=BBC Food |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>

In [[Glasgow]], Scotland, a "Full Bhoona" originally meant a lamb bhuna with a large side salad at the Koh-i-Noor restaurant, opened in 1964. It became a [[stock phrase]] meaning "giving [something] every effort".<ref name="Full Bhoona 2017">{{cite web |title=The Full Bhoona: History, Memories, and Recipes |url=https://booksfromscotland.com/2017/12/full-bhoona-history-memories-recipes/ |website=Books from Scotland |access-date=30 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016192511/https://booksfromscotland.com/2017/12/full-bhoona-history-memories-recipes/ |archive-date=16 October 2019 |date=December 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist|30em}}

{{Bangladeshi dishes}}
{{Curry in the United Kingdom}}

[[Category:Bangladeshi meat dishes]]
[[Category:Bengali cuisine]]

List of most valuable companies in India

2026-03-07T06:03:36Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: created new info

{{Short description|none}}
{{article issues|
{{update|date=August 2018}}

{{refstyle|date=September 2024}}
{{cleanup|reason= many bad edits were made in 2018, those need fixing; see talk page |date=September 2024}}
{{cleanup|reason= there is something wrong with the headings (years duplicated, not in chrono order)|date=September 2024}}
}}
The '''most valuable companies in [[India]]:'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/stocks/marketinfo/marketcap.php?optex=BSE&classic=true|title=Top Companies In India: Top Companies in India by Market Capitalization, Top BSE Companies by Market Capitalization, Top BSE Companies|website=moneycontrol.com|access-date=2018-11-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/top-10-most-valuable-indian-companies-photos-638109|title=Top 10 Most Valuable Indian Companies [PHOTOS]|first=Besta|last=Shankar|date=July 4, 2015|website=www.ibtimes.co.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/stocks/marketinfo/marketcap.php?optex=BSE|title=Stock values from moneycontrol}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/india/stockpricequote/personal-care/hindustanunilever/HU|title=HUL}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/india/stockpricequote/pharmaceuticals/sunpharmaceuticalindustries/SPI|title=SPI}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/india/stockpricequote/computers-software/infosys/IT|title=Infosys}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/india/stockpricequote/banks-private-sector/hdfcbank/HDF01|title=HDFC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/india/stockpricequote/refineries/relianceindustries/RI|title=Reliance Industries}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/india/stockpricequote/computers-software/tataconsultancyservices/TCS|title=VSC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/india/stockpricequote/oil-drilling-and-exploration/oilnaturalgascorporation/ONG|title=ONGC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/india/stockpricequote/mining-minerals/coalindia/CI11|title=CIL}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/india/stockpricequote/finance-housing/housingdevelopmentfinancecorporation/HDF|title=Housing Development Dinance Corporation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/india/stockpricequote/banks-public-sector/statebankindia/SBI|title=SBI}}</ref>{{Excessive citations inline|date=May 2023}}

== 2023 ==
Top 10 companies in India in 2023] by market capitalization:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/explainers/top-10-companies-india-market-valuation/86307/1|title=Top 10 Companies In India By Market Valuation In 2024|website=Forbes India}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
{| class="wikitable"
!Rank
!Company name
!Sector
!Market capitalization (Rs Lakh Cr)
|-
|1
|Reliance Industries
|Oil exploration and production
|15.66
|-
|2
|TATA Consultancy Services (TCS)
|Information technology
|12.19
|-
|3
|HDFC Bank
|Banking
|11.29
|-
|4
|ICICI Bank
|Banking
|6.54
|-
|5
|Hindustan Unilever (HUL)
|Consumer goods
|5.81
|-
|6
|Infosys
|Information technology
|5.70
|-
|7
|ITC
|Consumer goods
|5.43
|-
|8
|Bharti Airtel
|Telecommunications
|5.25
|-
|9
|State Bank of India (SBI)
|Banking
|5.18
|-
|10
|Bajaj Finance
|Financial services
|4.46
|}

== 2021 ==
Top 10 companies in India in 2021 by market capitalization:<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/top-10-indian-companies-by-market-value/articleshow/74577297.cms|title=Top 10 Indian companies by market value in 2024 | Business Insider India|website=Business Insider}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
{| class="wikitable"
!Rank
!Company name
!Market capitalization (Rs Cr)
|-
|1
|[[Reliance Industries Limited]]
|14,23,372.44
|-
|2
|[[Tata Consultancy Services]]
|12,81,372.44
|-
|3
|[[HDFC Bank]]
|8,44,408.61
|-
|4
|[[Infosys]]
|7,26,200.07
|-
|5
|[[Hindustan Unilever]]
|5,65,520.23
|-
|6
|[[ICICI Bank]]
|4,88,520.23
|-
|7
|[[Housing Development Finance Corporation|HDFC]]
|4,88,220.23
|-
|8
|[[State Bank of India]]
|3,85,200.95
|-
|9
|[[Bajaj Finance]]
|3,71,425.80
|-
|10
|[[Kotak Mahindra Bank]]
|3,54,596.85
|-
|11
|[[Bharti Airtel]]
|3,50,592.40
|-
|12
|[[Wipro]]
|3,37,444.00
|-
|13
|[[HCL Technologies]]
|3,04,464.43
|-
|14
|[[Asian Paints]]
|2,87,444.99
|-
|15
|[[ITC Limited]]
|2,60,444.99
|}

== 2021 ==
Top 10 companies in India in 2021] by market capitalization:<ref name="auto"/><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/hcl-technologies-becomes-4th-it-firm-to-hit-rs-3-trillion-market-cap-121081300739_1.html|title=HCL Technologies becomes 4th IT firm to hit Rs 3 trillion market-cap}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/market/stock-market-news/wipro-hits-rs-4-trillion-in-market-cap-third-it-company-to-do-so-11634196841017.html|title=Wipro third IT co to hit ₹4 trillion market cap}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
!Rank
!Company name
!Market capitalization (Rs Cr)
|-
|1
|[[Reliance Industries Limited]]
|14,23,372.44
|-
|2
|[[Tata Consultancy Services]]
|12,81,372.44
|-
|3
|[[HDFC Bank]]
|8,44,408.61
|-
|4
|[[Infosys]]
|7,26,200.07
|-
|5
|[[Hindustan Unilever]]
|5,65,520.23
|-
|6
|[[ICICI Bank]]
|4,88,520.23
|-
|7
|[[Housing Development Finance Corporation|HDFC]]
|4,88,220.23
|-
|8
|[[State Bank of India]]
|3,85,200.95
|-
|9
|[[Bajaj Finance]]
|3,71,425.80
|-
|10
|[[Kotak Mahindra Bank]]
|3,54,596.85
|-
|11
|[[Bharti Airtel]]
|3,50,592.40
|-
|12
|[[Wipro]]
|3,37,444.00
|-
|13
|[[HCL Technologies]]
|3,04,464.43
|-
|14
|[[Asian Paints]]
|2,87,444.99
|-
|15
|[[ITC Limited]]
|2,60,444.99
|}

== 2018 ==
Top 10 companies in India in 2018 by market capitalization. Some companies are part of a [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]], which makes the parent company much more valuable than its listed entities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Money/wKyRtrPWJTK2EfumRJnUbN/Aditya-Birla-group-market-valuation-crosses-50-billion-mark.html|title=Aditya Birla group market valuation crosses $50 billion mark|last=PTI|date=2017-09-03|website=Mint|language=en|access-date=2019-03-27}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
!Rank
!Company name
!Market capitalization (Rs Cr)
|-
|1
|[[Reliance Industries Limited]]
|6,04,372.44
|-
|2
|[[HDFC Bank]]
|5,16,408.61
|-
|3
|[[Housing Development Finance Corporation|HDFC]]
|3,94,520.23
|-
|4
|[[Infosys]]
|3,25,200.07
|-
|5
|[[Kotak Mahindra Bank]]
|3,21,200.95
|-
|6
|[[Maruti Suzuki]]
|1,88,425.80
|-
|7
|[[Bharti Airtel]]
|1,58,596.85
|-
|8
|[[Axis Bank]]
|1,33,592.40
|-
|9
|[[HCL Technologies]]
|1,29,464.43
|}

==2016-17 ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2024}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Rank !! First quarter (Rs cr) !! Second quarter (Rs cr) !! Third quarter (Rs cr) !! Fourth quarter (Rs cr)
|-
| 1 || || || [[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation|ONGC]] 2,95,421.07 ||[[Reliance Industries|Reliance Industries Limited]] 2,90,890
|-
| 2 || || || [[Reliance Industries|Reliance Industries Limited]] 2,92,735.48 ||[[ITC Limited|ITC]] 2,77,498.48
|-
| 3 || || ||[[ITC Limited|ITC]] 2,85,237.07 || [[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation|ONGC]] 2,67,658.51
|-
| 4 || || || [[Infosys]] 2,48,529.34 || [[Infosys]] 2,52,755.72
|-
| 6 || || ||[[Coal India]] 2,44,664.38 ||[[HDFC Bank]] 2,48,376.55
|-
| 7 || || ||[[State Bank of India]] 2,43,606.80||[[Coal India]] 2,40,021.85
|-
| 8 || || || [[ICICI]] 2,12,037.53 || [[Sun Pharmaceutical]] 2,38,225.27
|-
| 9 || || || [[Housing Development Finance Corporation|HDFC]] 2,02,001.90 ||[[Housing Development Finance Corporation|HDFC]] 2,04,576.85
|}

== 2017-18 ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2024}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Rank !! First quarter (Rs cr) !! Second quarter (Rs cr) !! Third quarter (Rs cr) !! Fourth quarter (Rs cr)
|-
| 1 ||[[Tata Consultancy Services|TCS]] 5,10,209.46|| [[Tata Consultancy Services|TCS]] 5,08,985.26||[[Tata Consultancy Services|TCS]] 4,80,616||
|-
| 2 || [[Reliance Industries|Reliance Industries Limited]] 3,25,828.41 ||[[Reliance Industries|Reliance Industries Limited]] 2,80,609.84 ||[[Reliance Industries|Reliance Industries Limited]] 3,00,000.9||
|-
| 3 || [[HDFC Bank]] 2,69,843.63||[[Infosys]] 2,72,796.63 ||[[HDFC Bank]] 2,73,852.23||
|-
| 4 ||[[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation|ONGC]] 2,64,706.86|| [[HDFC Bank]] 2,69,849.59 || [[Infosys]] 2,53,709||
|-
| 5 ||[[Coal India]] 2,67,245.38||[[ITC Limited|ITC]] 2,66,078.31 ||[[Coal India]] 2,07,618.89 ||
|-
| 6 ||[[ITC Limited|ITC]] 2,52,889.64|| [[Sun Pharmaceutical]] 2,12,216.86 ||[[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation|ONGC]] 2,06,957.30 ||
|-
| 7 ||[[Infosys]] 2,27,386.04|| [[Coal India]] 2,06,355.62 || [[Sun Pharmaceutical]] 1,97,341||
|-
| 8 ||[[Sun Pharmaceutical]] 2,09,594.26|| [[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation|ONGC]] 1,96,647.94 ||[[Housing Development Finance Corporation|HDFC]] 1,99,469.29||
|-
| 9 ||[[Housing Development Finance Corporation|HDFC]] 2,07,412.69|| [[Housing Development Finance Corporation|HDFC]] 1,92,635.31 || [[Hindustan Unilever Limited]] 1,86,098.57||
|-
| 10 ||[[State Bank of India]] 2,03,417.50|| [[State Bank of India]] 1,81,437.90 ||[[State Bank of India]] 1,74,196.71||
|}

==See also==
* [[List of largest companies in India]]
* [[List of public corporations by market capitalization]]
* [[List of largest companies by revenue]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Lists of companies of India|Valuable]]

Composite Nationalism and Islam

2026-03-04T17:16:11Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: creating bio.

{{Short description|1938 book by Husain Ahmad Madani}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox book
| image = Cover of Composite Nationalism and Islam.jpg
| caption =
| author = [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]]
| name = Muttahida Qaumiyat Aur Islam
| country = India
| language = [[Urdu]]
| subjects = [[Islam in India]], [[Indian independence movement]], [[Opposition to the Partition of India]]
| publisher =
| release_date = 1938
| pages =
| media_type = Print
| isbn =
}}

'''''Composite Nationalism and Islam''''' ({{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|متحدہ قومیت اور اسلام}}}}) is a book written in 1938 by [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]], the [[Dean (education)|Dean]] of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]], espousing [[composite nationalism]]: a united India for both Muslims and non-Muslims.<ref name="PeersGooptu2017">{{cite book |last1=Peers |first1=Douglas M. |last2=Gooptu |first2=Nandini |title=India and the British Empire |date=2017 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780192513526 |quote=Madani, head for several decades of the Deoband training centre for theologians, strongly supported Congress nationalism and the ideal of a 'composite nationalism' within {{not a typo|an}} united India, which he thought would be more conducive to the spread and prosperity of his community over the entire subcontinent than any religious partition.}}</ref> The book [[opposition to the Partition of India|opposed the Partition of India]] and in it, Madani advocated for "the ideal of a 'composite nationalism' within a united India, which he thought would be more conducive to the spread and prosperity of his community over the entire subcontinent than any religious partition."<ref name="PeersGooptu2017"/>

The book was translated into English in 2005 by the [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind]].<ref name="SikkaPuriBeaman2015">{{cite book |last1=Sikka |first1=Sonia |last2=Puri |first2=Bindu |last3=Beaman |first3=Lori G. |author3-link=Lori G. Beaman |title=Living with Religious Diversity |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781317370994}}</ref>

The idea of composite nationalism was and remains influential among the Muslims living in India, with the majority of them staying in independent India despite the partition, rather than migrating to the areas that separated to become Pakistan.<ref name="Oommen2008"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Kidwai |first1=Rasheed |title=Why we miss scholars like Maulana Madani today |url=https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/44385-why-we-miss-scholars-like-maulana-madani-today/ |publisher=[[Observer Research Foundation]] |date=21 September 2018}}</ref>

== Arguments ==
Asgar Ali summarized a key point of ''Composite Nationalism and Islam '':<ref name="Chitkara1988">{{cite book |last1=Chitkara |first1=M. G. |title=Converts Do Not Make a Nation |date=1998 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=9788170249825 |page=240}}</ref>
{{blockquote|Maulana Madani, who wrote a book [Composite Nationalism and Islam] persuasively argued in favour of composite nationalism by profusely quoting from the Quran the prophets shared the same territory with the unbelievers and hence their Qaumiyat was not different from those who did not believe in their message. According to Maulana Madani, the very spirit of the Koran is to encourage harmonious co-existence in a multi-cultural, multi-racial and multi-religious world.<ref name="Chitkara1988"/>}}

''Composite Nationalism and Islam'' put forth the idea that different religions do not constitute different nationalities.<ref name="GortJansenVroom2006"/> Rather, "Nationality is co-terminus with territory and both believers and non-believers in Islam can share the same territory and hence the same nationality.<ref name="GortJansenVroom2006">{{cite book |last1=Gort |first1=Jerald D. |last2=Jansen |first2=Henry |last3=Vroom |first3=H. M. |title=Religions View Religions: Explorations in Pursuit of Understanding |date=2006 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=9789042018587 |page=206}}</ref> Nations, the book argued, are formed on the basis of "a common motherland, language, ethnicity or colour, which brings together Muslims and non-Muslims sharing one or more of these attributes in common."<ref name="Qasmi2008">{{cite web |last1=Qasmi |first1=M. Burhanuddin |title=Maulana Madani Most Deserving of Bharat Ratna |url=http://www.asiantribune.com/node/9266 |publisher=[[Asian Tribune]] |date=24 January 2008 |access-date=5 February 2019 |archive-date=3 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203133824/http://www.asiantribune.com/node/9266 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The proposition for a [[Partition of India]], therefore, did not have any religious justification, but was "purely political."<ref name="Ali2007">{{cite book |last1=Ali |first1=Asghar |title=Islam in Contemporary World |date=2007 |publisher=Sterling Publishers |isbn=9781932705690 |page=61}}</ref> The text emphasized that those who wished to partition India were among the secular elite, rather than religious leaders.<ref name="Dawn2010">{{cite web |title=An anatomy of exceptionalism |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/592051 |publisher=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |date=19 December 2010|quote=In his book Composite Nationalism and Islam Madani argued that 'Partition was the handiwork of the secular elite of the two communities and not of the religious leaders'.}}</ref> ''Composite Nationalism and Islam'' opines that the reason the separatists wished to create a new state is because they "were aspiring for power and hence wanted their exclusive domain".<ref name="Ali2011">{{cite web |last1=Ali |first1=Asghar |title=Islamic identity in secular India |url=http://www.milligazette.com/news/900-islamic-identity-in-secular-india-part-i |publisher=[[The Milli Gazette]] |date=9 April 2011|quote=The Ulama of Deoband opposed partition and stood by united nationalism. Maulana Husain Ahmad Madani, then chief of Jami'at-ul-Ulama-i-Hind, wrote a tract Muttahida Qaumiyyat aur Islam i.e., the Composite Nationalism and Islam justifying composite nationalism in the light of Qur'an and hadith and opposing Muslim League's separate nationalism. while the educated elite were aspiring for power and hence wanted their exclusive domain; the Ulama's priority was an independent India where they could practice Islam without fear or hindrance.}}</ref>

''Composite Nationalism and Islam'' therefore urged its readers to join the [[Indian National Congress]], as its aims were in accordance with Islamic teaching.<ref name="ملک2016"/> It implored Muslims not to join the pro-separatist All India Muslim League, which it called hypocritical.<ref name="ملک2016">{{cite web |url=https://www.humsub.com.pk/31682/fateh-muhammad-malik-5/|last1=ملک |first1=فتح محمد |title=علّامہ اقبال اور مولانا حسین احمد مدنی |publisher=ہم سب |language=Urdu |date=8 November 2016|quote=اب آئیے اقبال کی اس مختصر نظم کے جواب میں مولانا کے بیانات کی جانب۔ اسلام اور قومیت کے موضوع پر مولانا کے سیاسی بیانات کا دقتِ نظر کے ساتھ مطالعہ کرنے کے بعد اقبال نے روزنامہ "احسان" کے 9 مارچ 1938ء کے شمارہ میں مولانا کے کانگرسی اندازِنظر میں پنہاں تباہ کن مضمرات پر تفصیل کے ساتھ روشنی ڈالی تھی۔ اس بیان کی اشاعت کے بعد دونوں طرف خاموشی طاری ہو گئی تھی اور یہ تاثر پیدا ہو گیا تھا کہ مولانا نے اپنے سیاسی مؤقف کی وکالت ترک کر دی ہے۔ مگر ہوا یوں کہ سن 1940ءکی قراردادِ پاکستان کے بعد مولانا حسین احمد مدنی نے "متحدہ قومیت اور اسلام" کے عنوان سے ایک مختصر سی کتاب تصنیف کر ڈالی۔اس کتاب میں انھوں نے متحدہ ہندوستانی قومیت کی بنیاد پر اکھنڈبھارت کے کانگرسی مؤقف کے اسلامی جواز پیش کر رکھے ہیں۔ مولانا نے یہ ثابت کرنے کی کوشش کی ہے کہ پاکستان کا تصوّر اور پاکستان کی تحریک ہر دو اسلام کے منافی ہیں اس لیے اسلامیانِ ہند کو مسلم لیگ کی بجائے انڈین نیشنل کانگرس میں شامل ہو کر اپنے وطن ہندوستان کو متحد رکھنا چاہیے۔}}</ref><ref name="ملک">{{cite web |last1=ملک |first1=فتح محمد |title=علّامہ اقبال اور مولانا مدنی |url=http://ibcurdu.com/news/34855 |publisher=آئی بی سی اردو |language=Urdu |date=9 November 2016 |access-date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110213420/http://ibcurdu.com/news/34855 |archive-date=10 January 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
The book emphasized that keeping India united would allow Muslims to illumine non-Muslims with what they saw as the true faith.<ref name="Aslam2011">{{cite web |last1=Aslam |first1=Arshad |title=The Politics Of Deoband |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/the-politics-of-deoband/277847 |publisher=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |date=28 July 2011|quote=A closer reading of his book Composite Nationalism and Islam would tell us that he was not particularly convinced of the idea himself. In his own words, this composite nationalism would be 'temporary and special' and would only be required till the 'light of true religion (read Islam) dispels its (India's) darkness.'}}</ref>

== Influence ==
The ideas presented in ''Composite Nationalism and Islam'' were upheld by the [[Deobandi movement]], whose "priority was an independent India where they could practice Islam without fear or hindrance."<ref name="Ali2011"/>

Madani traveled across [[British India]] spreading the idea of composite nationalism, which opposed the concept of a partition of India.<ref name="Kumar1992">{{cite book |last1=Kumar |first1=Pramod |title=Towards Understanding Communalism |date=1992 |publisher=Centre for Research in Rural and Industrial Development |isbn=9788185835174 |page=22 |quote=His consciousness was not transformed into communal consciousness, so much so that the Muslim League 'goondas' attacked him several times. For instance, in 1945, Maulana Hussain Ahmad Madani was touring India to plead for composite nationalism and for opposing the idea of partition. Near Moradabad railway station Muslim League 'goondas' threw Keechar (marshy water) on him.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Engineer |first1=Asgharali |title=Ethnic conflict in south Asia |date=1987 |publisher=Ajanta Publications |page=28 |quote=At one time, in 1945, Maulana Hussain Ahmad Madani was touring throughout India to plead for composite nationalism and for opposing the idea of partition: once he was coming out of the railway station near Moradabad, and Muslim League goondas threw keechar (marshy water) on him.}}</ref> While he was doing this, members of the pro-separatist Muslim League tried to intimidate Madani and disturb his rallies.<ref name="Kumar1992"/> The idea of composite nationalism was nevertheless influential among the Muslims living in British India, with the majority of them staying in India after the partition, rather than migrating to the areas that separated to become Pakistan.<ref name="Oommen2008">{{cite book |last1=Oommen |first1=T. K. |title=Reconciliation in Post-Godhra Gujarat: The Role of Civil Society |date=2008 |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=9788131715468 |page=14}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Madani–Iqbal debate]]
*[[All India Azad Muslim Conference]]
*[[Hindu–Muslim unity]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://wordery.com/composite-nationalism-islam-maulana-hussain-9788173045905 {{Nastaliq|متحدہ قومیت اور اسلام}} ''Composite Nationalism and Islam'']
*[https://www.academia.edu/35905107/NATIONALISM_ISLAM_AND_HUSAIN_AHMAD_MADANI NATIONALISM, ISLAM AND HUSAIN AHMAD MADANI]
{{Hussain Ahmad Madani}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Deobandi literature]]
[[Category:Deobandi politics]]
[[Category:1938 in British India]]
[[Category:1938 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:1938 in India]]
[[Category:Indian non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Books about Islam in India]]
[[Category:Literature of Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian books]]
[[Category:Indian religious texts]]
[[Category:Books by Hussain Ahmad Madani]]
[[Category:Urdu-language books]]

Bhari Taraganam

2026-03-03T09:18:15Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: Added First Entry V1

{{Short description|2023 Telugu romantic drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox film
|name= Bhari Taraganam
|image= Bhari Taraganam (2023 film).webp
|caption=
|director=Sekhar Muthyala<ref>{{cite news |title= Rende Rendu Aaksharala Prema Lyrical Song Release|url=https://www.sakshipost.com/news/sandalwood/rende-rendu-aaksharala-prema-lyrical-song-release-196271|access-date=6 June 2023|work=Sakshi Post|date=5 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|writer=Sekhar Muthyala
|producer=
|starring={{ubl|Sadan| Dipika Reddy|Rekha Nirosha|[[Posani Krishna Murali]]}}
|cinematography=MV Gopi
|editing=[[Marthand K. Venkatesh]]
|music=Sukku
|studio=BVR Pictures
|released={{Film date|df=yes|2023|6|23}}
|runtime=144 minutes
|country=India
|language=Telugu
|budget=
|gross=
}}
''''' Bhari Taraganam ''''' is a 2023 Indian Telugu-language [[romantic drama film]] written and directed by Sekhar Muthyala and produced by BV Reddy under BVR Pictures. The main lead roles are Sadan, Dipika Reddy, Rekha Nirosha and [[Posani Krishna Murali]]. It was released on 23 June 2023.

==Cast==
* Sadan as Sadan
* Dipika Reddy as Tara
* Rekha Nirosha as Dhanalakshmi
* [[Posani Krishna Murali]]
* [[Satya Prakash (actor)|Satya Prakash]]
* Thotapalli Madhu as Raghu
* Kedar Shankar
* Prabhavathi
* [[Chatrapathi Sekhar]]
* [[Sameer (Telugu actor)|Sameer]]
* Sarayu as Chittemma
* Sahithi Dasari

== Soundtrack ==
Sukku composed the music, distribution rights were acquired by [[Aditya Music]].

{{Infobox album
| name = Bhari Taraganam
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Sukku
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2023
| recorded = 2022–2023
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| producer = Sukku

}}
{{Track listing
| all_music =
| collapsed =
| headline = Tracklist
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 =Yelo Yelo
| note1 =
| length1 = 3:34
| lyrics1 = Sukku
| extra1 = [[Yazin Nizar]]
| title2 = Chittemma Dhaba
| note2 =
| length2 = 3:32
| lyrics2 = Sekhar Muthyala
| extra2 = [[Geetha Madhuri]], [[Hemachandra (singer)]]
| title3 = Bapu Bomma
| note3 =
| length3 = 3:48
| lyrics3 = Sukku
| extra3 = [[Yazin Nizar]], [[Spoorthi Yadagiri]]
| title4 = Rende Rendu Aksharala<ref>{{cite news |title= Rende Rendu Aaksharala Prema: 'రెండే రెండు అక్షరాల ప్రేమ' లిరికల్‌ సాంగ్‌ రిలీజ్‌|url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/rende-rendu-aaksharala-prema-first-lyrical-song-released-by-s-v-krishna-reddy-ali-ta-1871048.html|access-date=4 June 2023|work=Telugu News 18|date=4 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
| note4 =
| length4 = 3:00
| lyrics4 = Sukku
| extra4 = Jayasri Pallem
| total_length =
}}

== Reception ==

''Bhari Taraganam'' received mixed reviews from critics and audience.
Neeshita Nyayapati of ''[[The Hans India]]'' gave it a rating of 3 out of 5 stars and wrote 'director Shekhar Mutyala has kept the audience glued to their seats throughout the film. It must be acknowledged that he has had great success bringing his literary novels to life on screen.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhari Taraganam Movie review Entertains with love and comedy|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/movie-reviews/bhari-taraganam-movie-review-entertains-with-love-and-comedy-79334|access-date=24 June 2023|publisher=TheHansIndia |date=24 June 2023 }}</ref>

ZH Telugu Desk of [[Zeenews]] rated the film 2.75 out of 5 stars and wrote, "Ali's son, Sadan, acted in the role of hero Sadan. Although this is his first film, he impressed with his performance. Heroine Deepika Reddy impressed with her glamour. Another heroine, Rekha Nirosha, who played Dhanalakshmi, impressed with her performance. It can be said that director Shekhar Mutyala has engaged the audience well enough to sit in the theatre with twists in the story."<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhari Taraganam Review: భారీ తారాగణం మూవీ రివ్యూ.. కామెడీ & లవ్ ఎంటర్‌టైనర్|url=https://zeenews.india.com/telugu/entertainment/comedy-and-love-entertainer-bhari-taraganam-movie-review-and-rating-bhari-taraganam-public-talk-106122|access-date=29 June 2023|publisher=Zeenews|date=23 June 2023 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt27109885}}

[[Category:2023 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:2023 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:2023 films]]

Chaand Raat

2026-03-01T19:33:38Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: basic enhance content as per guidelines

{{Short description|Eve of Eid al-Fitr}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{For|the religious observance|Laylat al-Jaiza}}
{{Infobox holiday
| holiday_name = Chaand Raat
| type = South Asian
| longtype = ([[South Asia]])
| image = Moon crescent on the eve of Eid on 24 may 2020.jpg
| caption = A crescent moon marking the beginning of the [[Eid al-Fitr]] in 2020
| observedby = [[Muslims]]
| relatedto = [[Eid al-Fitr]], [[Eid al-Adha]]
| date =
}}
'''Chaand Raat''' ({{IPA|hns|t͡ʃãːd̪ ɾaːt̪|lang}}, {{lit|Night of the moon}}) is a [[South Asia]]n Cultural observance on the eve of the festival of [[Eid al-Fitr]]; it can also mean a night with a [[new moon]] for the new [[Islamic calendar|Islamic month]] [[Shawwal]]. Chaand Raat is a time of celebration when families and friends gather in open areas at the end of the last day of [[Ramadan]] to spot the new moon, which signals the arrival of the Islamic month of Shawwal and the day of Eid. Once the moon is sighted, people wish each other ''[[Eid Mubarak]]'' ("Blessings of the Eid day"). Women and girls decorate their hands with [[mehndi]] ([[henna]]), and people prepare [[Dessert|desserts]] for the next day of Eid and do last rounds of [[shopping]].<ref name="The News">{{cite news|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/212876-Chand-Raat-is-here-again|title='Chand Raat' is here again|author=Jamila Achakzai|work=The News|access-date=25 June 2017}}</ref> City streets have a festive look, and brightly decorated malls and markets remain open late into the night.<ref name="Express Tribune">{{cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2355230/chand-raat-brings-joys-to-shoppers-traders|title=Chand Raat brings joys to shoppers, traders|author=Aamir Khan|newspaper=Express Tribune|access-date=30 November 2022|date=3 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503045926/https://tribune.com.pk/story/2355230/chand-raat-brings-joys-to-shoppers-traders|archive-date=3 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Times of India">{{cite news|url =http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/lucknow-times/city-gears-for-chand-raat/articleshow/30303491.cms| title =City gears for Chand Raat|work =The Times of India|access-date =2009-08-01|date=5 December 2002}}</ref> ''Chaand Raat'' is celebrated festively and passionately by [[Muslims]] (and occasionally non-Muslims as well) all over South Asia, and in socio-cultural significance, is comparable to [[Christmas Eve]].

==Etymology==
[[Image:Chand raat.jpg|thumb|A ''Chaand Raat'' celebration in [[Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh|Hyderabad]], [[India]]]]
The term is derived from the [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] ''chānd rāt'' ({{Langx|hi|चाँद रात|label=[[Devanagari]]}}, {{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|چاند رات}}|label=[[Nastaliq|Nastaʼlīq]]}}), literally translating to 'moon night'. The two words in the term are derived from the [[Sanskrit]] words ''candrá'' (चंद्र) "[[moon]]"<ref name="spokensanskrit.de (moon)">{{cite web|url =http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=HK&tinput=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0&country_ID=&trans=Translate&direction=AU| title =चन्द्र, candra, moon|publisher =Spoken Sanskrit Dictionary|access-date =2009-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719090618/http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=HK&tinput=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0&country_ID=&trans=Translate&direction=AU|archive-date=2011-07-19}}</ref> and ''rā́tri'' (रात्रि) "[[night]]",<ref name="spokensanskrit.de (night)">{{cite web|url =http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=raatri&direction=SE&script=HK&link=yes| title =रात्रि, raatri, night|publisher =Spoken Sanskrit Dictionary|access-date =2009-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719090759/http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=raatri&direction=SE&script=HK&link=yes|archive-date=2011-07-19}}</ref> respectively.

==Background==
''Chaand Raat'' celebrations occur on the eve of Eid ul-Fitr, which is celebrated on 1 Shawwal. Originated in [[South Asia]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thedailystar.net/shout/chaand-raat-old-dhaka-112417 | title=Chaand Raat in Old Dhaka | date=16 July 2015 }}</ref> the beginning of an Islamic month depends on the first sighting of the lunar crescent and thus the month of Ramadan can be of either 29 or 30 days. Chaand Raat occurs on the same evening on which first lunar crescent of the month of Shawwal is observed. As the exact day of Eid ul-Fitr is dependent on the moon sighting, Chaand Raat is often considered more festive on Eid ul-Fitr than [[Eid ul-Adha]], which is known well in advance.

==Festivities==
Once the new moon is sighted, announcements are made from [[mosques]], as well as through television and radio broadcasts. Festivities begin almost instantly and continue all night until the morning Fajr prayer. Entire families head out towards the local bazaars, markets and shopping malls. Shoppers usually purchase last-minute items for Eid, such as [[shalwar kameez]], [[Bangle|bangles]], jewelry, bags, and shoes. Gifts and sweets are brought for friends while toys are brought for children. Barber shops and beauty parlors are also heavily visited in the evening in preparation for the following day. At home, women and girls decorate their hands with mehndi. People also decorate their homes and begin preparing food for the holiday. Decorative lights are put up in markets as well as government buildings, banks and mosques. Chaand Raat also gives a chance for people to meet with friends and extended family.
[[File:ꠘꠥꠘꠉꠠꠣ_ꠀꠞ_ꠢꠣꠘ꠆ꠖꠦꠡ.jpg|thumb|right|[[Handesh]] are made on Chaand Raat for the celebration of the next day's celebration of [[Eid Al Fitr]] in [[Culture of Bengal| Bengali culture]]]]

==See also==
* [[Laylat al-Jaiza]]
* [[Festivals in Bangladesh]]
* [[Festivals in Pakistan]]
* [[Festivals in India]]
* [[Ruet-e-Hilal Committee]]
* [[Islam in South Asia]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.chandraat.com/ Official Chand Raat in Australia]

{{Ramadan|state=expanded}}

[[Category:Fasting in Islam]]
[[Category:Festivals of Bangladeshi culture]]
[[Category:Festivals in India]]
[[Category:Festivals in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Eid (Islam)]]
[[Category:Ramadan]]
[[Category:Islamic terminology]]

Ratna Manikya I

2026-02-25T16:58:12Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: adding info...

{{Infobox royalty
|type = monarch
|name = Ratna Manikya I
|succession = [[Twipra Kingdom|Maharaja of Tripura]]
|title =
|image = Ratna Manikya I silver tanka.jpg
|alt =
|caption = A silver [[History of the taka|tanka]] of Ratna Manikya I (1464)
|reign = 1462–{{circa}}1487
|predecessor = [[Dharma Manikya I]]
|successor = [[Pratap Manikya]]
|spouse = Lakshmi Mahadevi{{sfnp|Sarma|1987|p=48}}
|issue = [[Dhanya Manikya]] [[Pratap Manikya]] [[Mukut Manikya]]
|father = [[Dharma Manikya I]]
|house = [[Manikya dynasty]]
|death_date = {{circa}}1487
|religion = [[File:Om.svg|15px]] [[Hinduism]]
}}
{{Kingdom of Tripura}}

'''Ratna Manikya I''' (d. {{circa}}1487), also known as '''Ratna Fa''', was the [[Maharaja]] of [[Twipra Kingdom|Tripura]] from 1462 to the late 1480s. Though he had gained the throne by overthrowing his predecessor, Ratna's reign was notable for the peace and prosperity it had entailed in the region. He extensively reformed and modernised the government and closely allied it with neighbouring [[Bengal Sultanate|Bengal]], resulting in a lasting cultural influence in Tripura.

==Dating and chronology==
The ''[[Rajmala]]'', the royal chronicle of Tripura, describes Ratna as the first of the kingdoms rulers to assume the title of ''Manikya'', with historians initially placing his reign in the latter half of the thirteenth century.{{sfnp|Sarma|1987|p=38}}{{sfnp|Bhattacharyya|1986|p=14}} However, coins bearing his name were subsequently discovered which instead proved that his rule had continued until at least 1467.{{sfnp|Bhattacharyya|1986|p=15}} This would place it as being after that of [[Dharma Manikya I]], who had reigned the previous decade. This contradicts the narrative provided by the ''Rajmala'', where Dharma is described as being Ratna's great-grandson, as well as proving that the latter could not have been the first to be called ''Manikya''.{{sfnp|Saha|1986|p=168}}{{sfnp|Sur|1986|p=220}} It is now believed that Ratna was in fact Dharma's son and that the ''Manikya'' cognomen had been associated with the dynasty for a number of generations prior to his ascension.{{sfnp|Sarma|1987|p=39}}{{sfnp|Sur|1986|p=220}}

==Ascension==
Traditional accounts state that Ratna was the youngest of the eighteen sons of his father, who is named as Dangar Fa (presumably Dharma Manikya). According to legend, Ratna (then known as Ratna Fa) had proven himself to be the worthiest for the throne out of his brothers by passing a test set by their father. The King supposedly had a table set for dinner for the princes, but just as they were about to start eating, thirty hungry dogs were released into the room, despoiling their food. Ratna however, was able to save his meal by throwing rice to the dogs, thus proving his intelligence.{{sfnp|Sarma|1987|p=43}}

The ''Rajmala'' however, doesn't suggest that Ratna had been shown any special favour by his father. Rather, it states that he was sent as a hostage to the royal court in neighbouring [[Bengal Sultanate|Bengal]].{{sfnp|Gan-Chaudhuri|1980|p=20}} Dangar Fa then had the kingdom divided into seventeen parts and parcelled out to the remaining princes. These actions may have been done to preempt a potential fratricidal war among his sons over the succession, as well as out of a potential fear that Ratna would dominate his brothers in such a conflict. Ratna however, considered this expulsion to be an act of conspiracy against him and began working to gain the throne.{{sfnp|Sarma|1987|p=44}}
[[File:Coin of Ratnamanikya I with dragon.jpg|thumb|Coin of Ratnamanikya I with dragon]]
Through his charisma and intelligence, he is said to have gained the affection of the Sultan of Bengal (who chronological evidence identifies as being [[Rukunuddin Barbak Shah]]). With the latter's military aid, he launched an assault against Tripura, defeating its armies and taking the throne.{{sfnp|Gan-Chaudhuri|1980|p=20}}{{sfnp|Sarma|1987|p=44}} Ratna then had his seventeen brothers imprisoned while his father was expelled from the kingdom, later dying in exile.{{sfnp|Sarma|1987|p=48}} The ''Rajmala'' continues that Ratna later revisited Bengal and in gratitude for the Sultan's help, he presented to him an elaborately caparisoned elephant and a ruby (''manikya'') as gifts. In response, the Sultan awarded him the title of ''Manikya'',{{NoteTag|“Manikya” translates to "reddish stone" or "ruby".{{sfnp|Singh|1999|p=8}}}} which supposedly from then on became a dynastic cognomen.{{sfnp|Sarma|1987|p=44}}{{NoteTag|As previously noted, this is disproved by earlier monarchs of Tripura having already possessed the name.{{sfnp|Sarma|1987|p=44}}}}

==Reign==
Upon his ascension to the throne, Ratna began an extensive administrative reform of his new kingdom, modelling the changes on his observations of the government of Bengal.{{sfnp|Sarma|1987|p=45}} The previously unproductive feudal system was reorganised and the government became more complex, with greater numbers of civil servants being employed to maintain it.{{sfnp|Bhattacharji|2002|p=273}}{{sfnp|Roychoudhury|1980|p=105}} The [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[Persian language|Persian]] languages were introduced into the administration in light of the closer ties to Bengal and resources were delegated to the improvement of agriculture.{{sfnp|Bhattacharyya|1986|p=14}}{{sfnp|Sinha|2007|p=129}}

Particularly influential were Ratna's experiences with Bengali Hindus, which resulted in him requesting Barbak Shah to send some to live in Tripura. Four thousand families were dispatched, settling in the ancient capital [[Udaipur, Tripura|Rangamati]], as well as Ratnapur, Yasopur and Hirapur.{{sfnp|Sarma|1987|p=45}} These were professionals, cultivators and artisans employed to bring the administrative and economic state of Tripura in-line with that of Bengal.{{sfnp|Nayar|2005|p=69}} Among them were [[Brahmin]]s, [[Vaidya]]s and [[Kayastha]]s.{{sfnp|Gan-Chaudhuri|1980|p=21}} Two members of the latter group, Khandava Ghosha and Pandita Raja, rose to become respected members of Ratna's council of ministers on account of their merit.{{sfnp|Sarma|1987|p=45}} These cultural influences began a process of acculturation, serving to gradually transform Tripura from its previous semi-tribal state.{{sfnp|Sarma|1987|p=47}}

During 1464–1468 Ratna Manikya saw the influx of Bengali settlers began arriving in the region.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Deb Barma |first=Aloy |date=2024-07-01 |title=Talking Back through Peripheral Visions and Negotiating Identity: Kokborok and Bengali Films and Music Videos in Tripura |url=https://scholarlypublishingcollective.org/jfv/article/76/2/33/389079/Talking-Back-through-Peripheral-Visions-and |journal=Journal of Film and Video |language=en |volume=76 |issue=2 |pages=33–48 |doi=10.5406/19346018.76.2.05 |issn=0742-4671|url-access=subscription }}</ref> This migration facilitated cultural exchange while also increasing revenue and enhancing agricultural output. This Bengali influence was further felt in the currency, with Ratna being the first monarch to mint coins, mimicking the weight and fabric of those struck by the Sultans of Bengal, whilst also providing evidence of the religious conditions at the time.{{sfnp|Bruce|1981|p=1796}}{{sfnp|Sarma|1987|p=46}} Though the ''Rajmala'' references Ratna's devotion to the Hindu deities [[Vishnu]] and [[Narayana]], this numismatic evidence also alludes to his worship of [[Shiva]] and [[Parvati]] through the titles and legends he employed. Other coins also mention his veneration of the ''[[Chaturdasha Devata]]'' (fourteen deities). All of this indicates that Ratna patronised all sects equally and, alongside records of his charitable deeds ([[Dāna]]), show his attempt to adhere to the ideal of a Hindu ruler as advised in the [[Puranas]] and [[Smriti]]. Historian Ramani Mohan Sarma concludes that, in reference to Tripuri society as a whole, this displayed "the final transformation of the Mongoloid (Bodo) pantheon of an important section of the Indo-Mongoloids into the orthodox Hindu pantheon of the Paranas".{{sfnp|Sarma|1987|pp=46–47}}

==Death and legacy==
Ratna's reign is believed to have ended around 1487, concluding a period of peace and progress. It has been viewed as one of the most glorious eras in Tripura's history. Though his rule had laid a stable foundation for his dynasty, his death precipitated a period of confusion and anarchy, with army leaders gaining considerable influence. The reigns of his immediate successors were subsequently cut short as a result of military intrigues.{{sfnp|Sarma|1987|p=49}}{{sfnp|Gan-Chaudhuri|1980|p=21}}

It may also be that Ratna had done harm to the security and sovereignty of Tripura in the long term. It has been argued that by enlisting the aid of Bengal in his bid for the throne, he had opened the floodgates for future incursions by the neighbouring state. His costly gifts to Barbak Shah had revealed the wealth of Tripura to the foreign court, possibly tempting them towards invasion. This may be shown by the multiple raids of [[Alauddin Husain Shah]] in the following decades, as well as subsequent assaults in the 17th century. All these served towards a general corrosion of the power of Tripura's rulers.{{sfnp|Sarma|1987|p=45}}

==Notes==
{{Notefoot}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|last=Bhattacharji|first=Romesh|title=Lands of early dawn: North East of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a2RuAAAAMAAJ|year=2002|publisher=Rupa & Co.|isbn=978-81-7167-963-8}}
*{{cite book|last=Bhattacharyya|first=Banikantha|title=Tripura Administration: The Era of Modernisation, 1870–1972|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WmgrZgspJbIC&pg=PA14|year=1986|publisher=Mittal Publications|location=Delhi}}
*{{cite book|last=Bruce|first=Colin R.|title=The Standard Guide to South Asian Coins and Paper Money Since 1556 AD|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=10FmAAAAMAAJ|year=1981|publisher=Krause Publications|isbn=978-0-87341-069-4}}
*{{cite book|last=Gan-Chaudhuri|first=Jagadis|title=Tripura, the land and its people|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SFFuAAAAMAAJ|year=1980|publisher=Leeladevi Publications|isbn=9788121004480}}
*{{cite book|last=Nayar|first=V. K.|title=Crossing the Frontiers of Conflict in the North East and Jammu and Kashmir: From Real Politik to Ideal Politik|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hzduAAAAMAAJ|year=2005|publisher=Shipra Publications|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-7541-218-7}}
*{{cite book|last=Roychoudhury|first=N. R.|title=Causes of the tribal uprisings in Tripura in the nineteenth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g29DAAAAYAAJ|series=Proceedings of the North East India History Association, First Session, Shillong, 1980|year=1980|publisher=North East India History Association. Session}}
*{{cite book|last=Saha|first=Sudhanshu Bikash|title=Tribes of Tripura: A Historical Survey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ioMiAAAAMAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Rupali Book House}}
*{{cite book|last=Sarma|first=Ramani Mohan|title=Political History of Tripura|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bmpuAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=Puthipatra}}
*{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Jai Prakash|title=An Introduction to the History of the Manikyas of Tripura|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_VBuAAAAMAAJ|year=1999|publisher=North Eastern Hill University Publications|location=Shillong}}
*{{cite book|last=Sinha|first=S. P.|title=Lost Opportunities: 50 Years of Insurgency in the North-east and India's Response|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ngtgH9RYB0EC&pg=PA129|year=2007|publisher=Lancer Publishers|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-7062-162-1}}
*{{cite book|last=Sur|first=Hirendra Kumar|title=British Relations with the State of Tripura, 1760–1947|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XSouAAAAMAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Saraswati Book Depot}}

[[Category:Kings of Tripura]]

Anjali Mehr

2026-02-23T16:55:50Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: Added First Bio First Draft

{{Short description|Indian classical dancer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
'''Anjali Mehr''' (née '''Hora;''' 1928-1978) was an Indian classical dancer ([[Bharatanatyam|Bharatnatyam]]), choreographer and educator. "Anjaliben", as she was called was known for her bold experiments and innovations in Bharatnatyam. As one of the earliest disciples of the legendary [[Rukmini Devi Arundale|Rukmini Devi]], and among the first students of the [[Kalakshetra Foundation|Kalakshetra]], she played a vital role in building and strengthening dance-education in India.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fs7WAAAAMAAJ |title=Mãrg |publisher=Marg Publications |language=en}}</ref> She was the first Principal of the Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan's [https://www.bhavans.info/sangeet/index.asp Sangeet Nartan Shikshapeeth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307164920/https://www.bhavans.info/sangeet/index.asp |date=7 March 2022 }}. In 1951, she became one of the two people to be featured from India in Magnum Photos' global project '[https://www.leica-camera.blog/2012/07/19/werner-bischof-generation-x-india-and-japan/ Generation X]'.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KMtVnXDMJ-MC&q=anjali+hora+post |title=Picture Post |date=1953 |publisher=Hulton Press |language=en}}</ref> Anjali Mehr is counted amongst the first few post-Independence dance scholars of India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A 'critic'al loss to Indian Dance |url=https://englisharchives.mathrubhumi.com/features/specials/a-critic-al-loss-to-indian-dance-1.5313484 |access-date=2022-03-31 |website=English.Mathrubhumi|date=28 December 2020 }}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Anjali was born in 1928 to Rameshbhai and Mugdhaben Hora and was their only daughter. She started learning [[Kathak]] at the age of four, but when her parents became acquainted with the [[Theosophical Society Adyar|Theosophical Society]], she started to train in Bharatnatyam at Kalakshetra. Here, she had the opportunity to learn from the greatest Bharatnatyam teachers - Guru [[Meenakshisundaram Pillai]], Chokkalingam Pillai, Sharadambai Devadasi and Dandayudhapani Pillai.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Albuquerque |first=Teresa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XRo-AAAAIAAJ&q=Anjali%20Hora |title=Santa Cruz that was |date=1981 |publisher=Albuquerque |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarada |first=S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Rr0AAAAMAAJ |title=Kalakshetra-Rukmini Devi: Reminiscences |date=1985 |publisher=Kala Mandir Trust |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
In 1947, she was invited by Kulapati [[Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi|Dr. K. M. Munshi]], founder of the Bhavan teach Dance at the Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan.

For sometime she ran a school "Rukmini Kala Vihar" named after her Guru Rukmini Devi. After her marriage with Dr. Sukumar Merh, Professor and Head of Department of Geology, M. S. University at Baroda, Anjali settled in [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kksZAAAAIAAJ&q=anjaliben |title=Bhavan's Journal |date=1979 |language=en}}</ref>

In the 1950s, when the Faculty of Performing Arts (Dance Department) was established at the [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda|M.S University, Baroda]], Mohan Khokar, another alumni of Kalakshetra, stepped in as the Head of Department. Anjali first joined as a Visiting Professor and later succeeded him as the Head of Department. Here she played a vital role in developing dance pedagogy. She developed an easier learning system for non-Tamil speaking students through her "Stick Drawing Notation System" in the mid-1960s.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kf-BAAAAMAAJ |title=Attendance: A Publication of the Mohan Khokar Dance Foundation |date=2003 |publisher=The Foundation |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda |url=https://www.msubaroda.ac.in/academics/FPA/department/DAN/aboutdepartment |access-date=2022-03-31 |website=www.msubaroda.ac.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Munsi |first1=Urmimala Sarkar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bKepAgAAQBAJ |title=Traversing Tradition: Celebrating Dance in India |last2=Burridge |first2=Stephanie |date=2012-03-12 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-70378-2 |language=en}}</ref>

She became known for establishing the Gujarati school of Bharatnatyam through her compositions and dance-dramas. In 1972, she wrote a ''margam'' (a formal dance format in Bharatnatyam) in Gujarati. In 1977, In 1977, Anjali wrote, composed and choreographed the Chandramoulishwara Kuravanji in Gujarati. It is considered to be the first ever Kuravanji (a kind of dance-drama) written in Gujarati. Anjali even composed the music for this Kuravanji in praise of the presiding deity of Somnath in Saurashtra. In doing so, she followed the example of ''Kutrala Kuravanji'' in which she danced as a Sakhi with Rukmini Devi.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kf-BAAAAMAAJ |title=Attendance: A Publication of the Mohan Khokar Dance Foundation |date=2003 |publisher=The Foundation |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Meduri |first=Avanthi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uNYZ1vp-xFIC |title=Rukmini Devi Arundale, 1904-1986: A Visionary Architect of Indian Culture and the Performing Arts |date=2005 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers |isbn=978-81-208-2740-0 |language=en}}</ref>

Anjali was well-versed with Hindustani and Carnatic music and used regional languages (Gujarati, Marathi, Hindi, Assamese) as well as Sanskrit to create compositions which made Bharatnatyam popular in non-Tamil speaking areas. She is also known to have sung for the AIR.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Delhi |first=All India Radio (AIR), New |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQPoDwAAQBAJ&dq=anjali+hora&pg=PA17 |title=THE INDIAN LISTENER: Vol. XVI. No. 23. (3rd JUNE 1951) |date=1951-06-03 |publisher=All India Radio (AIR), New Delhi |language=en}}</ref>

== Works ==
She authored two books in Gujarati : ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=MxTBQejcqXIC Nartanadarśikā]'' (on Bharatanatyam) and ''Chandramaulishwara Kuruvanji with Astha Nayika.'' She also wrote many songs in Gujarati.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kf-BAAAAMAAJ |title=Attendance: A Publication of the Mohan Khokar Dance Foundation |date=2003 |publisher=The Foundation |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mehr, Anjali}}
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:1978 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian female classical dancers]]
[[Category:Bharatanatyam dancers]]
[[Category:Indian classical choreographers]]
[[Category:Kalakshetra Foundation alumni]]
[[Category:Indian women choreographers]]
[[Category:Dance writers]]
[[Category:Teachers of Indian classical dance]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women educators]]

Royal Opera House (Mumbai)

2026-02-20T17:58:50Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: adding new entry

{{short description|Opera house in Mumbai, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox venue
| name = Royal Opera House
| nickname = "theatre-de-luxe of the East"
| image = Royal Opera House, Mumbai (38967).jpg
| caption = [[Façade]] of The Royal Opera House
| map_type =
| coordinates = {{coord| 18.956111|72.815556 |type:landmark_region:IN_scale:100|display=inline}}
| type = [[Opera house]]
| architect = Maurice Bandmann & Jehangir Framji Karaka
| engineer =
| | broke_ground = {{Start date and age|1909|df=yes}}
| opened = {{Start date and age|1911|df=yes}}
| closed =
| renovated = {{Start date and age|2016|df=yes}}
| date_demolished =
| cost =
| structural_system =
| capacity = 575
| size =
| public_transit = {{rint|mumbai|suburban}} [[Charni Road railway station|Charni Road]]; {{ric|Mumbai Metro|Aqua}} [[Aqua Line (Mumbai Metro)|Girgaon]]
| website = https://www.royaloperahouse.in/
}}
'''Royal Opera House''', in [[Mumbai]] (Bombay), is India's only surviving [[opera house]].

Situated on [[Charni Road]], near [[Girgaum Chowpatti]] beach, the adjective ‘Royal’ was prefixed to ‘Opera House’ to highlight that its foundation stone was laid during the [[British Raj]] in 1909, and King [[George V]] inaugurated the building in 1911 while the building was still under construction. Work on the Royal Opera House was completed in 1912, although additions were made to the building up to 1915.<ref name=opera>{{Cite web|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/glorious-days-set-to-return-for-royal-opera-house/313442/|title=Glorious days set to return for Royal Opera House|access-date=2 July 2009|website=Express India|date=23 May 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928185820/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/glorious-days-set-to-return-for-royal-opera-house/313442/|archive-date=28 September 2012}}</ref><ref name=house>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mid-day.com/news/2001/may/11312.htm|title= Plan to restore Opera House|access-date=2 July 2009|newspaper=[[Mid-Day]]|date=30 May 2001}}</ref><ref name="state">{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_state-wants-to-take-over-opera-house_1067322|title=State wants to take over Opera House|last=Deshmukh|first=Smita|author2=Gangan, Surendra |date=1 December 2006|work= [[DNA (newspaper)|DNA]]|publisher=Diligent Media Corporation|access-date=5 July 2009}}</ref> Gradually, the entire area near it came to be referred as "Opera House", and the building began hosting plays, dramas, music concernts and gradually, [[Hindi films]]. It became a popular venue for [[Hindi cinema|Bollywood]] film shows in the 1970s and 80s.<ref name="midday">{{cite news |last1=Maskeri |first1=Anju |title=Mumbai's Royal Opera House ready to get a new food and music destination |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/mumbai-royal-opera-house-quarter-ready-to-get-a-new-food-and-music-destination/18671176 |access-date=10 August 2018 |newspaper=[[Mid-Day]]|date=22 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=5 of the oldest cinema houses in Mumbai |url=http://www.india.com/travel/articles/5-of-the-oldest-cinema-houses-in-mumbai/ |website=[[india.com]]|access-date=10 August 2018}}</ref>

In the 1980s, as home video players began to get popular, cinema houses in Mumbai started to register losses. In the 1990s, with the growing popularity of cable television, cinema houses in Mumbai began to close down due to a lack of clientele. In 1993, Opera house closed down.<ref>{{cite news |title=Regal Cinema in Mumbai |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2012/oct/09/cine-files-regal-mumbai |access-date=10 August 2018|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>

However, after years of neglect following its closure in 1993, restoration work started in 2008. The exterior restoration was completed in 2011 and restoration was completed in 2016.<ref name=toi11/> The area around the theatre is also referred to as the Opera House in Mumbai.<ref name="state" /><ref name="gandol">{{cite news|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/ml.asp?Ref=VE9JTS8yMDA4LzA1LzIzI0FyMDA1MDc=&Mode=HTML&Locale=english-skin-custom|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314043913/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/ml.asp?Ref=VE9JTS8yMDA4LzA1LzIzI0FyMDA1MDc=&Mode=HTML&Locale=english-skin-custom|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 March 2012|title=Royal Opera House gets renovation nod|date=23 May 2008|newspaper=[[The Times of India]], Mumbai|page= 5 (Section: Times City)|access-date=5 July 2009}}</ref> The Opera House area has many jewellery, metal and IT companies. On 21 October 2016, after a gap of 23 years, Royal Opera House hosted performance of Bombay-born British soprano [[Patricia Rozario]] and her husband, pianist Mark Troop. The private event was organised by Opera House owners Maharaja Joytendrasinhji Jadeja and Maharani Kumud Kumari Jadeja of Gondal, Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/royal-opera-house-opens-to-lost-genre-of-music/story-RkM4NQ9SMKbGXPrdmCX2KM.html|title=Royal Opera House Reopens|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=22 October 2016}}</ref> In 2017, it received the [[UNESCO Asia Pacific Heritage Awards|UNESCO Asia-Pacific Award for Cultural Heritage Conservation]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Mumbai's restored Royal Opera House bags UNESCO heritage award|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/mumbai-s-restored-royal-opera-house-bags-unesco-heritage-award/story-JOaNfE512AN3zhUixvzDGP.html|access-date=2 November 2017|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=2 November 2017}}</ref>

==Ownership==
Inaugurated in 1912, the Opera House was acquired in 1952 by Maharaja Bhojrajsingh of [[Gondal, India|Gondal]]. The Maharaja took the property on a 999-year lease and attempted to run it as a self-sustaining commercial enterprise.

==History==
The Royal Opera House was conceived in 1908 by Maurice Bandmann, a famous entertainer from Calcutta, and Jehangir Framji Karaka, who headed a coal brokers’ firm. A baroque design incorporating a blend of European and Indian detailing was chosen for the structure. A long frontage was created to let carriages drive up to the entrance. Twenty-six rows of boxes behind the stalls were put up for the best view of the stage. The ceiling was constructed to enable even those in the gallery to hear every word uttered by the performers.

Initially, the opera house was used strictly for staging operas, and catered almost exclusively to the city's elite – a globalised layer of Indians, British officials, a few Europeans. After the first world war, times and tastes changed and it became difficult to maintain and run the opera house, a sumptuous building, on the income from the opera alone. Also, with the coming of "talkie" movies in the early 1930s, the popularity of cinema increased. In 1935, the opera house was modified to accommodate movie screenings and fashion shows.

===1980s and closure in 1991===

Single-theatre cinemas took a downturn in the 1980s, and as a result the opera house ran in loss.<ref name=toi11/><ref name=dna11/> In the 1980s the opera house was closed down. In January 1991, the opera house hosted its last film show. In 1993 the [[Kathiawad]] fashion show became the last public event held at the opera house.

===Revival in 21st century===

Subsequently, it was in a dilapidated condition but in March 2008 the Maharashtra Government agencies announced that they were undertaking conservation measures to restore the heritage structure to its original grandeur.<ref name=opera/><ref name =state/> When restoration began, the only operational wings of the opera house were a tea stall and shops on the ground floor.<ref name=house/><ref name =state/><ref name =gandol/>

==Structure==
The Opera House is built in a mixed classical design featuring a blend of European and Indian architectural styles. The design was conceived in 1908 by Maurice Bandmann, an entertainer from Kolkata and his partner Jehangir Framji Karaka, who was the head of a firm of coal brokers.<ref name=dna11/> It was built with exquisite Italian marble on a leased land close to the Kennedy and Sandhurst bridges. Although the work was completed in 1912, several additions were made until 1915. The [[pediment]] figure at the pinnacle was substituted with three [[cherub]]s. A pair of unique crystal [[chandelier]]s, called the ‘Sans Souci’ were donated by the Sassoon family. The chandeliers, which were earlier located in the Sassoon mansion, were shifted to the foyer of the opera house. At the main entrance, the dome is segmented into eight different parts "as a tribute to poets, dramatists, novelists, literati and people from art and culture". The original interior of the opera house consisted of orchestra stalls with cosy cane chairs. Behind the stalls were 26 rows of boxes with couches. The seating enabled a clear view of the stage to all the people seated in the stalls and in the Dress Circle. The acoustics were of the opera house were created by shaping the ceiling in a manner that permitted distinct audibility that allowed the audience seated in the gallery to hear every word or song from the stage. The entrance was originally designed with a frontage for carriages to drive in.<ref name=opera/><ref name =state/><ref name =gandol/><ref name =book>{{Cite book|author=Nina Sibal|author-link=Nina Sibal|title=Dogs of Justice|page=216|access-date=1 July 2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AabzkmYFn8wC&q=The+Royal+Opera+House,+Mumbai&pg=PA216|publisher=Orient Blackswan|year=1998|isbn= 9788175300217|quote=The Royal Opera House, established in 1925, when it was Bombay’s cultural nerve center. Burra sahibs would drive up in their carriages to watch repertory drama troupes from England. [[Lata Mangeshkar]] made her first public appearance here. In 1935 it was converted into a cinema hall. Last year they had to shut it down.}}</ref>

==Past events==
Since its inauguration in 1912, the opera house has been a landmark of Bombay, as the only opera house in the country. The entertainment extravaganza at the opera house was started by American magician Raymond followed by several premieres of famous [[Hindi]] movies.<ref name=opera/> It also showcased ragtime and other styles of native western music through the 1910s and 1920s.<ref>{{Cite book|title=American Popular Music in Britain's Raj|last=Shope|first=Bradley|publisher=University of Rochester Press|year=2016|isbn=9781580465489|location=Rochester, New York|page=42}}</ref> The opera house screened not only premieres of Hindi movies but also live theatre performances by the French production [[Pathé]], [[Prithviraj Kapoor]], and Marathi stalwarts like [[Bal Gandharva]] and [[Dinanath Mangeshkar]]. [[Lata Mangeshkar]], a renowned play back singer gave her first performance at this opera house. In 1993, Fashion designer Sangita Kathiwada, a relative of Jyotinder Singh, the former Maharaja of [[Gondal State]] (the owner of the place), held a fashion show at the opera house. It was the last public event held at the Opera House.<ref name =state/><ref name =book/>

==Restoration measures==
Initially, in May 2001, it was noted that since the opera house was a Heritage building, it could not be redeveloped but only restored. Even for restoration, funds needed to be found. With these two basic aspects in view, the planning dictum followed was that:
<blockquote>The historicity of the building and its architecture will be lost if it is not used as a theatre and there should not be a change of user.</blockquote>

The initial plan proposed was to convert a part of the open plot to be developed commercially to generate funds, which could self sustain the expenditure involved in the restoration and maintenance of the existing heritage building. To proceed further with this plan, it was also considered essential to negotiate with the existing owner Maharaja Vikramsinghji Bhojraji of Gondal to get his consent to the incentive plan.<ref name=house/>
[[File:Opera House, Mumbai.JPG|thumb|Restored top portion of the Opera House building in 2012]]
The [[Government of Maharashtra|Maharashtra State Government]] wanted to take over the Opera House to restore it to its original grandeur. The government requested the Mumbai Urban Heritage Conservation Committee (MUHCC) to acquire the heritage structure after verifying its legal status. The MUHCC had already been entrusted with the task of preparing plans for restoration of the opera house as it was categorised as a Grade II Heritage Structure. The detailed proposal for conservation was prepared by well known conservation architects of Mumbai. In May 2008, MUHCC authorised [[Abha Narain Lambah]] and her associates to carry out the structural stabilisation of the building and its restoration. Abha, the architect, considers the restoration of the Opera House as her dream project and states:<ref name="abha">{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1175745&pageid=0|title=Building Beauty|last=Thomas|first=Anjali|date=5 July 2008|work=[[DNA (newspaper)|DNA]]|access-date=5 July 2009|publisher =Diligent Media Corporation}}</ref>

<blockquote>It's such a stunning building. Restoring the building would be a dream come true for me.</blockquote>

As restoration began, repairs to the roof and the balconies of the structure were deemed to be of the highest priority.<ref name="gandol" /> With the conservation works undertaken, the erstwhile Maharaja of Gondal expects that the structure's original grandeur will be restored.<ref name="gandol" /> By late 2011, exterior restoration was mostly completed. Thereafter, the [[World Monuments Fund]] (WMF) announced the inclusion of the building in its 2012 global list of endangered architectural sites, with the only other building in Mumbai being [[Watson's Hotel]].<ref name="toi11">{{cite news|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2016/10/21/see-inside-the-amazing-restoration-of-mumbais-royal-opera-house/|title=See Inside the Amazing Restoration of Mumbai's Royal Opera House|date=7 October 2011|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=28 March 2013}}</ref><ref name="dna11">{{cite news |title=Royal Opera House on global list of endangered architectural sites |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_royal-opera-house-on-global-list-of-endangered-architectural-sites_1595814 |publisher=DNA (newspaper) |date=7 October 2011 |access-date=28 March 2013}}</ref> In January 2013, Mumbai Heritage Conservation Committee (MHCC) approved the plans of the Gondal family to restore and revamp the buildings interiors.<ref name="ht13">{{cite news |title=Royal Opera House to get back its glory |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/Royal-Opera-House-to-get-back-its-glory/Article1-995766.aspx |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] Mumbai|date=21 January 2013 |access-date=28 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507214802/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/Royal-Opera-House-to-get-back-its-glory/Article1-995766.aspx |archive-date=7 May 2013 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.wmf.org/project/royal-opera-house Royal Opera House] at [[World Monuments Watch]]
* {{official|https://www.royaloperahouse.in/}}

{{Tourist attractions in Mumbai}}
{{Portal bar|Opera}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Mumbai|Opera House]]
[[Category:Music venues completed in 1912]]
[[Category:Opera houses in India]]
[[Category:Theatres in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Theatres completed in 1912]]
[[Category:1912 establishments in India]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]

5th WBFJA Award

2026-02-18T17:34:49Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur:

{{short description|Indian film awards}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox film awards
|number=5
|award=WBFJA Awards
| awarded_for = Excellence in [[Cinema of West Bengal|Indian Bengali cinema]]
| announced_date = Nominations: {{Start date|2021|8|31|df=y}}
| presented_date = {{Start date|2022|1|16|df=y}}
| date = 16 January 2022
| site =
| organiser = West Bengal Film Journalists’ Association (WBFJA)
|best_film=[[Borunbabur Bondhu]]
|best_direction=[[Anik Dutta]]
|best_actor=[[Parambrata Chatterjee]], [[Saswata Chatterjee]]
|best_actress=[[Aparajita Auddy]]
|last=[[4th WBFJA Award|4th]]|next=[[6th WBFJA Awards|6th]]|year=2020-2021
| website = {{URL|https://wbfja.com/award.php|WBFJA}}
}}

'''5th Edition of The [[West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards|WBFJA]] Award''', also known as ''''Cinemar Samabartan'''<nowiki/>' (Convocation of Cinema or Carnival of Films) took place on 16 January 2022 honoring best movies of the past two years.<ref>{{Citation|title=WBFJA Award 2021 Update {{!}} Nomination List {{!}} Lifetime achievement Award {{!}} Bengali Movie Award Show|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5FUPdNSEfQY|language=en|access-date=2021-11-06}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=WBJFA award function to be held on Oct 6 {{!}} Entertainment|url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/entertainment/1715059-wbjfa-award-function-to-be-held-on-oct-6|access-date=2021-11-06|website=Devdiscourse|language=en}}</ref>

== Theme & Outline ==
Called 'Cinemar Samabartan' (Convocation of Cinema or Carnival of Films), the festival will have the tag line 'Cinemar Moja Cinemar Hall E' (you can truly enjoy the charm of films by watching on big screen) as the campaign to bring back the audience to the cinema halls and multiplexes which is incomparable with OTT.<ref name=":0" />

== Lifetime Achievement ==
The Lifetime Achievement award for WBFJA 2021 was given to [[Victor Banerjee]].

== Winners and Nominees ==

=== Best Film ===
{| class="wikitable"
!TItle
!Director
!Producer
!Studio
|-
|style="background:#FFFF00" |''[[Borunbabur Bondhu]]''
|style="background:#FFFF00" |'''[[Anik Dutta]]'''
|style="background:#FFFF00" |'''[[Nispal Singh]]'''
|style="background:#FFFF00" |'''[[Surinder Films]]'''
|-
|''[[Dwitiyo Purush (film)|Dwitiyo Purush]]''
|[[Srijit Mukherji|Srijit Mukherjee]]
|Mahendra Soni, [[Shrikant Mohta]]
|[[Shree Venkatesh Films]]
|-
|''[[Abyakto]]''
|Arjun Dutta
|Tarun Das
|Trina Films, Roop Production & Entertainment
|-
|''[[Sraboner Dhara]]''
|[[Sudeshna Roy]], [[Abhijit Guha (director)|Abhijit Guha]]
|Pradip Churiwal
|Macneil Engineering Ltd
|-
|''[[Dracula Sir]]''
|[[Debaloy Bhattacharya]]
|Mahendra Soni, Shrikant Mohta
|[[Shree Venkatesh Films]]
|}

=== Best Director ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Title
|-
|style="background:#FFFF00" |'''[[Anik Dutta]]'''
|style="background:#FFFF00" |''[[Borunbabur Bondhu]]''
|-
|[[Srijit Mukherji|Srijit Mukherjee]]
|''[[Dwitiyo Purush (film)|Dwitiyo Purush]]''
|-
|[[Sudeshna Roy]], [[Abhijit Guha (director)|Abhijit Guha]]
|''[[Sraboner Dhara]]''
|-
|[[Debaloy Bhattacharya]]
|''[[Dracula Sir]]''
|-
|[[Mainak Bhaumik|Mainak Bhaumick]]
|''Cheeni''
|}

=== Best Actor (Male) ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Title
|-
|style="background:#FFFF00" |'''[[Parambrata Chatterjee]]'''
|style="background:#FFFF00" |''[[Dwitiyo Purush]]''
|-
|style="background:#FFFF00" |'''[[Saswata Chatterjee]]'''
|style="background:#FFFF00" |'''''[[Chobiyal]]'''''
|-
|[[Anirban Bhattacharya]]
|''[[Dracula Sir]]''
|-
|[[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]]
|''[[Asur (film)|Asur]]''
|}
◆ Other [[West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Best Actor|Best Actor Winners]]

=== Best Actor (Female) ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Title
|-
| style="background:#FFFF00" |'''[[Aparajita Adhya]]'''
| style="background:#FFFF00" |'''''Cheeni'''''
|-
|[[Arpita Chatterjee]]
|''[[Abyakto]]''
|-
|[[Rituparna Sengupta]]
|''Parcel''
|-
|[[Swastika Mukherjee]]
|[[Guldasta (2020 film)|''Guldasta'']]
|-
|[[Rukmini Maitra|Rukmini Mitra]]
|''Switzerland''
|}

=== Most Popular Actor ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Title
|-
|style="background:#FFFF00" |'''[[Anirban Bhattacharya]]'''
|style="background:#FFFF00" |''[[Dwitiyo Purush]]''
|-
|[[Mimi Chakraborty]]
|''[[Dracula Sir]]''
|-
|[[Koel Mallick]]
|''[[Rawkto Rawhoshyo]]''
|}

=== Most Popular Film ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Title
!Director
!Studio
|-
| style="background:#FFFF00" |'''[[Dwitiyo Purush]]'''
| style="background:#FFFF00" |[[Srijit Mukherji|'''Srijit Mukherjee''']]
| style="background:#FFFF00" |'''[[Shree Venkatesh Films]]'''
|-
|[[Asur (film)|Asur]]
|[[Pavel (film director)|Pavel Bhattacharjee]]
|Jeetz Filmworks
|-
|[[Brahma Janen Gopon Kommoti]]
|Aritra Mukherjee
|Windows Production
|-
|[[Cheeni]]
|[[Mainak Bhaumik|Mainak Bhaumick]]
|[[Shree Venkatesh Films]]
|}

=== Best Supporting Actor (Male) ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Title
|-
| style="background:#FFFF00" |'''[[Paran Bandopadhyay]]'''
| style="background:#FFFF00" |''[[Borunbabur Bondhu]]''
|-
|[[Rwitobroto Mukherjee]]
|''[[Dwitiyo Purush]]''
|-
|Padmanabha Dasgupta
|''[[Sraboner Dhara]]''
|-
|Sumanta Mukherjee
|''[[Saheber Cutlet]]''
|-
|[[Sourav Das (actor)|Sourav Das]]
|''[[Cheeni]]''
|}

=== Best Supporting Actor (female) ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Title
|-
|style="background:#FFFF00" |'''[[Paoli Dam]]'''
|style="background:#FFFF00" |''[[Love Aaj Kal Porshu]]''
|-
| style="background:#FFFF00" |[[Bidipta Chakraborty|'''Bidipta Chakroborty''']]
| style="background:#FFFF00" |''[[Dracula Sir]]''
|-
|Soma Chakroborty
|''[[Brahma Janen Gopon Kommoti]]''
|-
|Ankita Chakroborty
|''[[Shironam]]''
|-
|Debjani Chatterjee
|[[Guldasta (2020 film)|''Guldasta'']]
|}

=== Most Promosing Actress ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Title
|-
|style="background:#FFFF00" |'''[[Ritabhari Chakraborty]]'''
|style="background:#FFFF00" |''[[Brahma Janen Gopon Kommoti]]''
|-
|Sritama Dey
|''[[Saheber Cutlet]]''
|-
|[[Madhumita Sarcar]]
|''[[Cheeni]]''
|}

=== Most Promising Director ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Title
|-
|style="background:#FFFF00" |'''[[Arjunn Dutta]]'''
|style="background:#FFFF00" |'''''[[Abyakto]]'''''
|-
|Aritra Mukherjee
|''[[Brahma Janen Gopon Kommoti]]''
|-
|Indranil Ghosh
|''[[Shironam]]''
|-
|Ujjwal Basu
|''[[Doodhpither Gachh]]''
|-
|Souvik Kundu
|''Switzerland''
|}

=== Best Actor in a Negetive Role ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Title
|-
|style="background:#FFFF00" |'''[[Abir Chatterjee]]'''
|style="background:#FFFF00" |''[[Asur (film)|'''Asur''']]''
|-
|[[Rudranil Ghosh]]
|''[[Dracula Sir]]''
|-
|[[Chandan Roy Sanyal]]
|''[[Rawkto Rawhoshyo]]''
|}

=== Best Actor in a Comic Role ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Title
|-
| style="background:#FFFF00" |'''[[Manasi Sinha]]'''
| style="background:#FFFF00" |''[[Brahma Janen Gopon Kommoti]]''
|-
|[[Kanchan Mullick]]
|''[[Saheber Cutlet]]''
|}

=== Best Music Director ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Title
|-
| style="background:#FFFF00" |'''[[Anupam Roy]]'''
| style="background:#FFFF00" |''[[Dwitiyo Purush]]''
|-
|[[Bickram Ghosh]]
|''[[Asur (film)|Asur]]''
|-
|[[Arindom Chatterjee]]
|''[[Love Aaj Kal Porshu]]''
|-
|Amit & Ishan
|''[[Dracula Sir]]''
|-
|[[Anindya Chatterjee]]
|''[[Brahma Janen Gopon Kommoti]]''
|}

=== Best Playback Singer (Male) ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Title
!Song
|-
| style="background:#FFFF00" |'''Ishan'''
| style="background:#FFFF00" |''[[Dracula Sir]]''
| style="background:#FFFF00" |'''"Raat Pohale"'''
|-
|[[Mohammed Irfan (singer)|Mohammed Irfan]]
|''[[Asur (film)|Asur]]''
|<nowiki>''</nowiki>Tor hoye jete chai"
|-
|[[Arijit Singh]]
|''[[Dwitiyo Purush]]''
|"Abar Phire Ele"
|-
|Dev Arijit
|''[[Love Aaj Kal Porshu]]''
|<nowiki>''</nowiki>Shune Ne"
|-
|Ishan
|''[[Dracula Sir]]''
|"Shono Ami Abar Jonmo Nebo"
|}

=== Best Playback Singer (Female) ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Title
!Song
|-
| style="background:#FFFF00" |'''[[Surangana Bandyopadhyay]]'''
| style="background:#FFFF00" |''[[Brahma Janen Gopon Kommoti]]''
| style="background:#FFFF00" |'''"Kon Gopone"'''
|-
|[[Iman Chakraborty]]
|''[[Asur (film)|Asur]]''
|"Aami Radha Moto"
|-
|[[Subhamita Banerjee]]
|''Cheeni''
|"Ki Naamey Daaki"
|-
|[[Lagnajita Chakraborty]]
|''Cheeni''
|"Tomar Chokher Shitalpati"
|}

=== Best Lyrics ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Title
!Song
|-
| style="background:#FFFF00" |'''[[Anindya Chatterjee]]'''
| style="background:#FFFF00" |''[[Brahma Janen Gopon Kommoti]]''
| style="background:#FFFF00" |'''"Kon Gopone"'''
|-
|[[Anupam Roy]]
|''[[Dwitiyo Purush]]''
|"Abar Phire Ele"
|-
|Ritam Sen
|''[[Dracula Sir]]''
|"Priyotoma"
|-
|Saqi Banerjee
|''[[Dracula Sir]]''
|"Shono Ami Abar Jonmo Nebo"
|-
|Ritam Sen
|''Cheeni''
|"Tomar Chokher Shitalpati"
|}

=== Best Screenplay ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Title
|-
| style="background:#FFFF00" |[[Srijit Mukherji|'''Srijit Mukherjee''']]
| style="background:#FFFF00" |''[[Dwitiyo Purush (film)|'''Dwitiyo Purush''']]''
|-
|[[Arjunn Dutta]]
|''[[Abyakto]]''
|-
|[[Anik Dutta]] & Utsav Mukherjee
|''[[Borunbabur Bondhu]]''
|-
|Zinia Sen
|''[[Brahma Janen Gopon Kommoti]]''
|-
|Kallol Lahiri & [[Debaloy Bhattacharya]]
|''[[Dracula Sir]]''
|}

=== Best Cinematographer ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Title
|-
| style="background:#FFFF00" |'''Sirsha Ray'''
| style="background:#FFFF00" |'''''[[Shironam]]'''''
|-
|Soumik Haldar
|''[[Dwitiyo Purush]]''
|-
|Supratim Bhol
|''[[Abyakto]]''
|-
|Indanath Marick
|''[[Dracula Sir]]''
|-
|Santanu Banerjee
|''[[Doodhpither Gachh]]''
|}

=== Best Editor ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Title
|-
| style="background:#FFFF00" |'''Arghakamal Mitra'''
| style="background:#FFFF00" |''[[Borunbabur Bondhu]]''
|-
|Pronoy Dasgupta
|''[[Dwitiyo Purush]]''
|-
|Sanglap Bhowmick
|''[[Love Aaj Kal Porshu]]''
|-
|Sanglap Bhowmick
|''[[Dracula Sir]]''
|-
|Anirban Maity
|''[[Doodhpither Gachh]]''
|}

=== Best Art Director ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Title
|-
| style="background:#FFFF00" |'''Ananda Addhya'''
| style="background:#FFFF00" |''[[Asur (film)|'''Asur''']]''
|-
|Shibaji Pal
|''[[Dwitiyo Purush]]''
|-
|Indranil Ghosh
|''[[Shironam]]''
|-
|Tapan Kumar Seth
|''[[Dracula Sir]]''
|}

=== Best Background Score ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Title
|-
| style="background:#FFFF00" |'''[[Joy Sarkar]]'''
| style="background:#FFFF00" |'''''[[Doodhpither Gachh]]'''''
|-
|Soumya Rit
|''[[Abyakto]]''
|-
|Avijit Kundu
|''[[Love Aaj Kal Porshu]]''
|-
|Amit & Ishan
|''[[Dracula Sir]]''
|}

=== Best Sound Designer ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Title
|-
| style="background:#FFFF00" |'''Anindit Roy & Adeep Singh Manki'''
| style="background:#FFFF00" |''[[Dwitiyo Purush]]''
|-
|Hindol Chakraborty
|''[[Shironam]]''
|-
|Divya
|''[[Dracula Sir]]''
|-
|Anirban Ganguly
|''[[Doodhpither Gachh]]''
|}

=== Best Makeup ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Title
|-
| style="background:#FFFF00" |'''Manjeet Tiwari'''
| style="background:#FFFF00" |''[[Asur (film)|'''Asur''']]''
|-
|Somnath Kundu
|''[[Dwitiyo Purush]]''
|-
|Prosenjit Banerjee
|[[Guldasta (2020 film)|Guldasta]]
|-
|Prasenjit Dey
|''[[Dracula Sir]]''
|-
|Sandeep Neogi & Dipankar Chakraborty
|''[[Abyakto]]''
|}

=== Best Costume ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Title
|-
| style="background:#FFFF00" |'''Abhishek Roy'''
| style="background:#FFFF00" |[[Guldasta (2020 film)|'''''Guldasta''''']]
|-
|[[Sanchita Bhattacharya]]
|''[[Dwitiyo Purush]]''
|-
|Baisakhi Banerjee & Sandy Ghoshal
|''[[Dracula Sir]]''
|-
|Apu Gobinda Mondal
|''[[Doodhpither Gachh]]''
|}

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards]]
[[Category:2022 Indian film awards]]
[[Category:2022 awards in India]]

Papa Rao Biyyala

2026-02-09T06:04:36Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: adding a bio...

{{Short description|Indian filmmaker and sports administrator}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=December 2012}}
{{Infobox person
| name = B.V.P Rao
| image =
|caption =
|birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Warangal]], [[Telangana]], [[India]]
| spouse =
| children =
| relations =
| occupation = [[Film maker]], Former Advisor to Govt of Telangana, Former member [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]], Home Secretary Of Assam (1994–1997)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/subjects-allotted-to-t-governments-six-advisors/article6079481.ece|title= Telangana Government Advisors|date=4 June 2014|website=The Hindu}}</ref>
| parents =
}}

'''Biyyala Venkat Papa Rao''' (also known as B.V.P Rao) is an Indian film maker, a sports administrator and a former member of the [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS). His documentary short-length film ''Willing to Sacrifice'' won the [[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Environment/Conservation/Preservation Film]].

In March 2020, he resigned as a member of the governing body of [[Sports Authority of India]] (SAI).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/archery/archery-aai-bvp-rao-resignation-supreme-court/article27000843.ece |title=BVP Rao resigns from SAI|date=1 May 2019|website=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/athletics/bvp-rao-sports-authority-of-india-sai-kiren-rijiju/article31121384.ece |title=BVP Rao opposes the SAG-STC Merger?|date=20 March 2020|website=The Hindu}}</ref> Rao is the brains behind the movement Clean Sports India which works on attempts to create a drug free sport.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/Clean-Sports-India-launched/article16265593.ece|title= Clear Sports India by BVP Rao|date=23 June 2010|website=The Hindu}}</ref>

Rao also worked for the United Nations for seven years to build post- war Governance and Peace in [[Kosovo]]. He is currently directing and producing feature films in India. His feature directorial film is titled as ''[[Music School (film)|Music School]]'', with [[Ilaiyaraaja]] as composer.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ilaiyaraaja's 'Music School' strikes final note as filming ends |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ilaiyaraajas-music-school-strikes-final-note-as-filming-ends/articleshow/92038148.cms |access-date=11 September 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=6 June 2022}}</ref>

==Career==
'''Policy Advisor to Government of Telangana'''

Papa Rao Biyyala joined the Telangana Government as the Policy Advisor in the rank of a Cabinet Minister in 2014 and continued to work for the government in the same position until 2019. He played a major role in all key policy initiatives of the new [[government of Telangana]] including the policy on investments which is named as “TSI Pass”.

Before Telangana was formed, Mr. Rao did strategic work to thrash out common positions of all Telangana political parties and lobbied with key political players in Delhi to achieve Telangana statehood.

'''United Nations'''

He joined the United Nations Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) as Civil Affairs Officer in 1999 to pursue peace building in post conflict areas. As a part of this mission, he worked with the Orahovac municipality to protect the Serbian minorities in the area, immediately after the war when the angry Albanians were killings the Serbs. He successfully normalized the situation in a short period of time. United Nations then promoted him onto becoming the Principal International Officer in 2000 to set up and head the Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports as part of Security Council mandate to develop Self- Governing institutions in Kosovo after the war.

In this 6-year tenure from 2000 to 2006, he spearheaded a reform programme of Sports Federations of Kosovo. This programme democratized the sports associations and organized several capacity building initiatives to enhance the transparent and efficient management of sports in Kosovo. He took up the case of Kosovo with International Olympic Committee for its recognition. Kosovo won its first Gold Medal in Rio Olympic Games in 2016.

Mr. Rao also had a unique opportunity in developing the Heritage Policy and legislation of Kosovo in the after math of destruction of about 100 mosques during the war and 100 churches in Post war times. He negotiated the most difficult agreement between Orthodox Serbian Church and Albanian Muslim dominated Kosovo government on restoration of damaged cultural properties. This arrangement is still working even after Kosovo got its Independence. During this time, [[UNESCO]] nominated two monuments from Kosovo as World Heritage Sites.

'''Indian Administrative Service'''

Joined Indian Administrative Service (IAS), the premier civil service of the country in 1982. He served in many important positions like the Deputy Commissioner of [[Jorhat district|Jorhat District]] (1991-1993) and the Home Secretary of Assam (1994-1997).

As the Deputy Commissioner of Jorhat District, he was responsible for the overall civil administration and governance of the district with a population of about 1 million. He coordinated the police and military forces at the district level in their operations against militants by constantly monitoring them to ensure protection of human rights. In 1992, he also helped the rehabilitation of about 500 families whose houses were washed away by river erosion, with an integrated approach of providing land, house building allowance, creation of infrastructure like roads, school, water and electricity creating a new village in a record time of nine months.

While he was the Home Secretary of Assam, Mr. Rao analyzed intelligence reports of the insurgency ridden state every day and advised the Chief Minister on policy and strategy of prevention of outbreak of violence and maintaining public order. They also implemented a statewide demobilization and rehabilitation program for the ex-combatants of United Liberation of Front of Assam (ULFA), Bodo Liberation Tigers (BLTF) and other militants’ groups, which provided surrender of weapons and a package of training and financing of self-employment. About 10000 ex combatants were demolished with surrender of weapons and majority of them were rehabilitated through self-employment during this period. Mr. Rao took a voluntary retirement from Indian Administrative Service in 2005 to continue his career in peace building in post conflict areas.

'''Sports Administrator and Reformist'''

Papa Rao Biyyala commonly known as Mr. B.V.P Rao among the sports industry was a sports person himself who participated in over half a dozen sports in school and college days. He also represented India in Equestrian sport. He was in the Indian Tent Pegging Team for 5 years from 1985 to 1990.

Mr. Rao worked for Sports Authority of India for five years from 1984 to 1989 during which he had conceived and implemented a major talent hunt programme called “Special Area Games” through which raw sport talent from remote and tribal areas of the country were identified and nurtured. The scheme is one of the most successful talent identifications and nurturing programmes of India, which produced several Olympians including ace archer Limba Ram. This scheme is the most successful programme of Sports Authority of India in the last three decades. His work was embodied in a film called “Quest for Gold” which was made by a Mumbai based private company called Professional Management Group. It was one of the first film that a private company made a six-part serial and telecasted on a government scheme/work.

He further did a Post Graduate Diploma in Olympic Studies at the International Olympic Academy, Greece. Through this course, he specialized in Olympics Bid Analysis.
Mr. Rao along with several Olympians formed an NGO called Clean Sports India to bring transparency and accountability in Sports Associations by engaging former sports persons. This NGO also aims to promote drug free sports.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rao Biyyala, Papa}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian filmmakers]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Sulaiman Mountains

2026-02-05T11:00:29Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: fix intro as per guidelines and cleaned formatting for consistency

{{hatnote|For other mountains, see [[Sulayman Mountain]] in Kyrgyzstan, and [[Takht-e-Soleiman (disambiguation)]].}}
{{short description|Mountain range in Afghanistan and Pakistan}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Sulaiman Mountains
| other_name = {{langx|Ur|{{nq|سليمان پہاڑی سلسلہ}}}}; [[Pashto]]: د سلیمان غرونہ; [[Balochi language|Balochi]]: {{nq|کوهِ سليمان}}
| photo = NEO sulaiman big.jpg
| photo_caption = Satellite image of a part of the Sulaiman Range
| elevation_m =
| elevation_ref =
| prominence_m =
| prominence_ref =
| map = Pakistan Balochistan#Pakistan
| map_caption = Location
| label_position = left
| listing =
| location = [[Zabul Province|Zabul]], [[Kandahar Province|Kandahar]] and [[Loya Paktia]], [[Afghanistan]], northern [[Balochistan]], south western [[Punjab]] and [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas|FATA]], [[Pakistan]]
| range = [[Hindu Kush]]
| coordinates = {{coord|30|30|N|70|10|E|type:mountain_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref =
| topo =
| type =
| easiest_route =
| embedded =
| area_km2 = 6475
| area_ref =
}}
The '''Sulaiman Mountains Range''' is a north–south extension of the southern [[Hindu Kush]] mountain system in western [[Pakistan]] and eastern [[Afghanistan]]. They rise to form the eastern edge of the [[Iranian plateau]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Akroyd |first=C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SH-QBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT24 |title=Pakistan |date=2014 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1-63355-947-9}}</ref> They extend from the [[Kandahar Province|Kandahar]], [[Zabul Province|Zabul]] and [[Paktia Province|Paktia]] provinces of Afghanistan across [[Waziristan]] and [[Kurram District|Kurram]] districts of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], northern [[Balochistan (Pakistan)|Balochistan]], and southwestern [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] in Pakistan. In Punjab the mountains extend into the [[Dera Ghazi Khan District|Dera Ghazi Khan]], [[Taunsa District|Taunsa]] and [[Rajanpur District|Rajanpur]] districts, located west of the [[Indus River]] on the boundary with Balochistan. Bordering the mountains to the east are the plains of the Indus River valley, and to the north are the arid highlands of the Central Hindu Kush whose heights extend up to {{cvt|3383|m}}.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Khan|first=F. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2_xtAAAAMAAJ |title=A Geography of Pakistan: Environment, People and Economy |date=1991|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-577411-5 |place=Oxford}}</ref> The total area on which this range spans around {{cvt|6475|km2}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Koh-e-Suleman {{!}} District Dera Ghazi Khan |url=https://dgkhan.punjab.gov.pk/tribal_area |access-date=2023-06-06 |work=Punjab Government}}</ref> Together with the [[Kirthar Mountains]] on the border between Balochistan and [[Sindh Province]], the Sulaiman Mountains form the Sulaiman-Kirthar geologic province.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2208/C/|title=USGS Bulletin 2208-C: Sembar Goru/Ghazij Composite Total Petroleum System, Indus and Sulaiman-Kirthar Geologic Provinces, Pakistan and India |website=pubs.usgs.gov |access-date=2020-04-20}}</ref>

The most well-known peak of the Sulaimans is the twin-peaked [[Takht-e-Sulaiman]] at {{cvt|3487|m}},<ref>{{Cite book|last=Park |first=G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j1xwDwAAQBAJ&q=takht-e-sulaiman+height&pg=PT226 |title=Mountains: The origins of the Earth's mountain systems |date=2017 |publisher=Dunedin Academic Press Ltd. |isbn=978-1-78046-579-1}}</ref> located near [[Darazinda]] in [[Dera Ismail Khan Subdivision]], close to the border with both [[South Waziristan]] and the [[Zhob District]] of neighboring Balochistan. The highest peak is [[Zarghun Ghar]] at {{cvt|3578|m}} near [[Quetta]]. The next highest peak in Balochistan province is Khilafat Hill at {{cvt|3475|m}} located in the [[Ziarat District]] of Pakistan and is famous for the [[Ziarat Juniper Forest]], where ''[[Juniperus macropoda]]'' trees grow.<ref>{{cite news |title=In Balochistan, an ancient forest battles for survival |first=S. A. |last=Shah |url=http://dawn.com/news/1024187/in-balochistan-an-ancient-forest-battles-for-survival |work=Dawn |date=2013 |access-date=28 December 2014}}</ref>

==Geography==
The eastern edge of the Sulaiman range runs {{Convert|280|mi|km|abbr=}} from the [[Gomal Pass]] in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province to near the city of [[Jacobabad]] in [[Sindh]] province,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sulaiman Range {{!}} mountains, Pakistan|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Sulaiman-Range|access-date=2020-08-16|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> and further stretches into south-west Punjab.

In Afghanistan, the western edge of the range starts just beyond the northern Loya Paktia province where they meet the [[Koh-i-Baba]] range. South from there, they meet the [[Spin Ghar]] range northeast of [[Gardez]] in [[Paktia province]], but towards west, the mountain range drops gradually in [[Kandahar Province|Kandahar]] southwest into [[Helmand Province|Helmand]] and the [[Sistan Basin]].{{Cn|date=November 2022}}

The Sulaiman Range, and the high plateaus to the west of it, helps form a natural barrier against the humid winds that blow from the [[Indian Ocean]], creating arid conditions across southern and central Afghanistan to the west and north. In contrast, the relatively flat and low-lying [[Indus]] [[river delta|delta]] is situated due east and south of the Sulaimans.

Rivers that drain the Sulaimans include the [[Gomal River]] which flows eastward into the [[Indus River]], and the [[Dori River]] and other small tributaries of the [[Arghandab River]], which flow southwestward into the [[Helmand River]].{{Cn|date=November 2022}}

== Geology ==
The Sulaimans were formed as a [[fold and thrust belt]] as the [[Indian Plate]] collided into [[Eurasian Plate]] beginning about 30 million years ago.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2014-07-23|title=Forging Sulaiman Range|url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/84060/forging-sulaiman-range|access-date=2020-08-16|website=earthobservatory.nasa.gov|language=en}}</ref> The Indian Plate's counter-clockwise rotation as it collided with the Eurasian Plate resulted in the Sulaiman's having some of the most complex tectonic structures in the world,<ref name=":0" /> including "stacking" of thrust faults.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Maldonado|first=Florian|year=2011|title=Summary of the Stratigraphy and Structural Elements Related to Plate Convergence of the Quetta-Muslim Bagh-Sibi Region, Balochistan, West-Central Pakistan|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1224/OF11-1224.pdf|website=USGS|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey|location=Reston, Virginia}}</ref> The complex fault-system is capable of producing [[Doublet earthquake|doublet earthquakes]] that jump to other faults - such as the [[1997 Harnai earthquake]] in which a magnitude 7.1 earthquake triggered a 6.8 earthquake 19 seconds later on a second fault 50 kilometres away.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-06-29|title=Earthquakes can jump long distances|url=https://www.earthmagazine.org/article/earthquakes-can-jump-long-distances|access-date=2020-08-16|website=EARTH Magazine|language=en}}</ref>

Areas in the southern part of the range include an [[Imbrication (sedimentology)|Imbricate fan]] of slices of rocks in close parallel,<ref name=":0" /> bounded by faults on either side of each slice.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Science Source - Imbricate Fan, Sulaiman Range, Pakistan|url=https://www.sciencesource.com/archive/Imbricate-Fan--Sulaiman-Range--Pakistan-SS2658381.html|access-date=2020-08-16|website=www.sciencesource.com}}</ref> Along the Eastern edge of the Sulaimans is the Sulaiman Fold, an area within the Indian Plate consisting of sediment, alongside which runs the [[Chaman Fault|Ornach Nal-Ghazaband-Chaman Fault]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Park|first=Graham|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j1xwDwAAQBAJ&q=sulaiman+mountains&pg=PT225|title=Mountains: The origins of the Earth's mountain systems|date=2017-11-09|publisher=Dunedin Academic Press Ltd|isbn=978-1-78046-579-1|language=en}}</ref>

== In mythology ==
[[File:Kohe Sulaiman.jpg|thumb|A view of Takht-e-Sulaiman from [[Kulachi]] tehsil]]
One of the highest peaks of the range, the Takht-i Sulaiman ("Throne of Solomon") at {{convert|3382|m|ft|0}} high, was recorded by [[Ibn Battuta]] as the ''Koh-i Sulaiman''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/newsroom|title=NASA Earth Observatory - Newsroom|date=6 February 2019|website=Earthobservatory.nasa.gov|access-date=6 February 2019}}</ref> It is associated with Prophet [[Solomon]]. According to the legend, Prophet Solomon climbed this mountain and looked out over the land of [[Hindustan|Hind]], which was then covered with darkness, and so turned back without descending into this new frontier, and left only the mountain which is named after him (as told by Ibn Battuta).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Battutah|first1=Ibn|title=The Travels of Ibn Battutah|date=2002|publisher=Picador|location=London|isbn=9780330418799|pages=147}}</ref>

Another legend says that [[Qais Abdur Rashid]], said to be the legendary ancestor of the Pashtun nation, is buried atop Takht-e-Sulaiman, and so it is also locally known as ''Da Kasī Ghar'' (د کسي غر, "Mount of Qais").

Trips to the mountain is undertaken mostly in summer, since from late November until March the snowfall makes it difficult to climb.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.themajlis.net/book/print/538|title=Shariat and Tasawwuf|website=Books.themajlis.net|access-date=6 February 2019}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Fort Munro]]
* [[Hindu Kush]]
* [[List of mountain ranges]] of the world
* [[Loe Nekan]]
* [[Pul Shekhani]]
* [[Sheikh Badin]]
* [[Spin Ghar]]
* [[Wadani]]

==References==
{{Notelist}}
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080924214646/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=10780 NASA Earth Observatory page]
*[http://www.caab.20m.com Chiltan Adventures Association Balochistan]

{{Ranges of Iranian Plateau}}
{{GeoSouthAsia}}
{{PunjabGeography}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Sulaiman Mountains| ]]
[[Category:Mountain ranges of Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Mountain ranges of Balochistan (Pakistan)]]
[[Category:Mountain ranges of Punjab (Pakistan)]]
[[Category:Iranian plateau]]
[[Category:Landforms of Kandahar Province]]
[[Category:Landforms of Zabul Province]]
[[Category:Landforms of Khost Province]]
[[Category:Landforms of Paktia Province]]
[[Category:Landforms of Paktika Province]]

Naulas

2026-01-21T13:35:08Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur:

{{Short description|Natural water bodies found in the Himalayan region}}
{{Orphan|date=May 2024}}
'''Naulas''' or '''Baori''' are [[Nature|natural]] [[Body of water|water bodies]] found in the [[Himalayas|Himalayan region]] and are constructed in a place where water is tapped from underground leakage or natural [[Spring (hydrology)|springs]] to meet the water requirements of [[Local community|local communities]] for household consumption.

== Etymology ==

Naula is a waterbody found on the Himalayan regions of [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]],<ref name="na8">{{cite news |title=Naula: A Tremendous example of architecture and religious belief (Special reference to Almora) |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343537187 |access-date=29 March 2024 |date=31 October 2019}}</ref> it is also known as Baori in [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhardwaj |first=Swati |title=Sacred waters: Baoris of Himachal and the call for restoration |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/stories-undiscovered/sacred-waters-baoris-of-himachal-and-the-call-for-restoration/ |access-date=2026-01-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> These are built on the surroundings of a ''dhara (''a natural spring) which appears depending on the water flows in lower levels of surface, by digging a pit and to store the water and protecting it by construction of stone walls around it.<ref name="na1">{{cite news |title=Reviving Naulas, The Ancient Water Temples Of The Kumaon Himalayas |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/reviving-naulas-the-ancient-water-temples-of-the-kumaon-himalayas-351063.html |access-date=28 March 2024 |publisher=IndiaTimes |date=18 August 2018 |language=en-IN}}</ref> These are said to be originated more than 1000 years back<ref name="na5">{{cite news |title=Almora's 1000-yr-old water reservoir gets monument national tag |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2023/pioneer-exclusive/almora---s-1000-yr-old-water-reservoir-gets-monument-national-tag-almora---s-1000-yr-old-water-reservoir-gets-monument-national-tag.html |access-date=28 March 2024 |publisher=The Pioneer |date=3 February 2023 |language=en}}</ref> and the last one was said to be constructed around 75 years back.<ref name="na3">{{cite news |title=NAULA - The Traditional Water Harvesting System of Uttarakhand |url=https://www.euttarakhand.com/naula-the-traditional-water-harvesting-system-of-uttarakhand |access-date=28 March 2024 |publisher=Uttarakhand Stories - Connect to Uttarakhand with eUttarakhand and Share Stories |date=6 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref>{{when|date=April 2024}}

== Existence ==

Naulas or Baoris are basically found in Himalayan regions of India.<ref name="na4">{{cite news |title=Indian Villages Revive Ancient Water Practices |url=https://www.yesmagazine.org/environment/2023/05/18/water-temples-himalayas |access-date=28 March 2024 |publisher=YES! Magazine |date=18 May 2023}}</ref><ref name="na7">{{cite news |title=Women Revive Traditional Water Sources in Uttarakhand |url=https://tntribune.com/women-revive-traditional-water-sources-in-uttarakhand/ |access-date=28 March 2024 |publisher=The Tennessee Tribune |date=7 November 2020}}</ref> Naulas or Baoris are a major source of drinking water for people living in the hilly areas of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.<ref name="na13">{{cite news |title=NAULAS : The ancient water temples of the Himalayas |url=https://www.janaaastha.com/story/142877 |access-date=29 March 2024 |publisher=Jana Aastha |language=Nepali}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhardwaj |first=Swati |title=Sacred waters: Baoris of Himachal and the call for restoration |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/stories-undiscovered/sacred-waters-baoris-of-himachal-and-the-call-for-restoration/ |access-date=2026-01-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Architecture ==

Naulas or Baoris have the roof and walls built with local stones but the surface is covered with small stone pieces or left natural for water filtration.<ref name="na1" /> The number of steps in Naula are usually in odd numbers of 3,5,7 and likewise.<ref name="na9">{{cite news |title=The Last Builder of Naulas in Chatola, Nainital |url=https://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/last-builder-naulas-chatola-nainital |access-date=29 March 2024 |publisher=India Water Portal |date=3 January 2016}}</ref> Four sides roof of a Naula is designed to look like a temple and many of them have representations and designs of different deities in the form of gods and goddesses<ref name="na2">{{cite news |title=Over 500-year-old water reservoir in Uttarakhand's Almora gets national monument tag |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/over-500-year-old-water-reservoir-in-uttarakhands-almora-gets-national-monument-tag/articleshow/97751176.cms |access-date=28 March 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=9 February 2023}}</ref><ref name="na10">{{cite news |title=Naula – Traditional Water Harvesting System of Uttarakhand |url=https://www.uttarakhandexplorer.in/naula-traditional-water-harvesting/ |access-date=29 March 2024 |publisher=uttarakhandexplorer.in |date=3 November 2023}}</ref> or lights to guide the thirsty passer-by. Households not having a temple at home visit Naula to offer their prayers and light an oil lamp and submit their offerings.<ref name="na6">{{cite news |last1=Lopes |first1=Flavia |title=Uttarakhand Natural Spring Revival Unites Women |url=https://www.indiaspend.com/climate-change/natural-spring-revival-unites-women-but-caste-still-decides-its-use-in-uttarakhand-828654 |access-date=28 March 2024 |publisher=indiaspend.com |date=1 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

== Challenges ==

Existence of Naulas have been facing challenges of due to ecological damages resulting from pollution, deforestation etc.<ref name="na11">{{cite news |title=#Explained 'Naula': Ancient Way to Conserve Water |url=https://groundreport.in/explained-naula-ancient-way-to-conserve-water/ |access-date=29 March 2024 |publisher=Ground Report |date=24 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="na12">{{cite news |title=Naula: The Ancient Way Of Collecting Water In Uttarakhand |url=https://wandersky.in/naula-ancient-way-of-collecting-water-in-uttarakhand/ |access-date=29 March 2024 |publisher=wandersky.in |date=3 October 2023}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Lake]]s
* [[List of Water Heritage Sites in India]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}


[[Category:Bodies of water of India]]
[[Category:Geography of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Geography of Himachal Pradesh]]

Gowri Lakshmi Bayi

2026-01-19T04:56:06Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur:

{{Short description|Maharani of Travancore from 1810 to 1813}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Ayilyom Thirunal Gowri Lakshmi Bayi
| title =
| image = Sree Padmanabhasevini Maharani Gowri Lakshmi Bayi.jpg
| caption =
| succession = [[Maharaja of Travancore|Maharani of Travancore]]
| reign = 7 November 1810 – 29 July 1813<ref name="raghunandan">{{Cite book |last=Raghunandan |first=Lakshmi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E6ryshLSwm0C&pg=PA460 |page=460|title=At the Turn of the Tide: The Life and Times of Maharani Setu Lakshmi Bayi, the Last Queen of Travancore |date=1995 |publisher=Maharani Setu Lakshmi Bayi Memorial Charitable Trust |language=en}}</ref>
| predecessor = [[Balarama Varma]]
| successor = [[Swathi Thirunal]]
| succession1 = [[Maharaja of Travancore|Maharani Regent of Travancore]]
| successor1 = [[Gowri Parvati Bayi]]
| reign1 = 1813–1815
| reign-type1 = Regency
| regent1 = [[Swathi Thirunal]]
| reg-type1 = Monarch
| coronation =
| full name = ''Her Highness Sree Padmanabhasevini Vanchidharma Vardhini Raja Rajeshwari Maharani Ayilyom Thirunal Gowri Lakshmi Bayi Maharani of Travancore''
| birth_date = 1791
| birth_place = Travancore
| death_date = 1815 (aged 24)
| death_place = Travancore
| burial_date =
| burial_place = 
| spouse = [[Raja Raja Varma Koil Thampuran]] of Changanassery
| spouse-type = Consort
| issue = Maharani [[Gowri Rukmini Bayi]], Maharajah [[Swathi Thirunal]], Maharajah [[Uthram Thirunal]]
| royal house = [[Travancore royal family|Venad Swaroopam]]
| dynasty = Kulasekhara
| father = Kilimanoor Koyi Thampuran
| mother = Bharani Thirunal Parvathy Bayi
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| signature =
}}'''Maharani Ayilyom Thirunal Gowri Lakshmi Bayi''' (1791–1815), also spelled '''Gauri Lakshmi Bayi''',<ref name="raghunandan"/> was the [[Maharani]] of the Indian state of [[Travancore]] from 1810 till 1813 and Regent from 1813 till her death in 1815 for her son [[Swathi Thirunal]] Rama Varma. She was the only Queen of Travancore to have reigned in her own right which she did for three years before becoming the regent for her son.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gauri Lakshmi Bai|first=Aswathi Thirunal|title=SREE PADMANABHA SWAMY KSHETRAM|year=1998|publisher=The State Institute of Languages|location=Thiruvananthapuram|isbn=978-81-7638-028-7|page=202}}</ref><ref name="raghunandan"/>

==Background==
Gowri Lakshmi Bayi was born in the year 1791 to Princess Bharani Thirunal Parvathy Bayi, Senior Rani of [[Attingal]] of the [[Travancore Royal Family]], adopted sister of Maharajah [[Balarama Varma]].{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} Bharani Thirunal was adopted into the [[Travancore]] family from [[Kolathunad]] in 1788. The Maharanis of Travancore were styled as the "Ranis of Attingal". Gowri Lakshmi Bayi was one of Travancore's most popular Queens and introduced several reforms in the state. She also had a sister [[Gowri Parvati Bayi|Uthrattathi Thirunal Gowri Parvati Bayi]].{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}

==Accession to the throne and rule==
The unpopular Maharajah Bala Rama Varma, during whose reign Travancore faced a number of internal and external problems, revolts and unnecessary battles and conspiracies, including the most important revolt of [[Velu Thampi Dalawa]], died in 1809.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} At the death of the Maharajah, Gowri Lakshmi Bayi, the senior Rani of Attingal, was barely twenty years of age. There were no eligible male members in the family which meant she would have to take over Travancore and rule it as queen till such an heir would be born to her. However her accession was not easy because a member from the [[Mavelikara]] branch of the royal family, a distant cousin, Prince Kerala Varma, who was the pet of the previous ruler, staked a claim on the throne which was anything but substantiated.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} The Queen placed in the hands of the British Resident Col. [[John Munro, 9th of Teaninich|John Munro]], one of Travancore's most loved British Residents, a document asserting her claim and proving the claim of Kerala Varma untenable. This irked Kerala Varma who resorted to tact and tried to convince the Princess to give up her claim. However the Resident sided with Gowri Lakshmi Bayi and she was made the official Maharani of Travancore in 1811. Kerala Varma was permitted to reside at [[Thiruvananthapuram]], the capital. But when he tried to create further troubles, he was imprisoned and banished from Travancore.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}

===Selection of the Dewan===
One of the earliest acts of Queen Gowri Lakshmi Bayi was to dismiss the existing [[Dewan]] or Prime Minister, Ummini Thampi. Ummini Thampi was accused of squandering money and acquiring all the property of the vanquished rebel freedom fighter [[Velu Thampi Dalawa]] and others.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} He was dismissed and when he tried to cause further trouble, he was imprisoned and punished after being found guilty of conspiracy against the queen. The queen was now asked to nominate some individual for the post of Dewan, to which she stated that she found no eligible individual and would like to appoint the Resident Colonel John Munro as her Dewan. Accordingly, Munro became Dewan of [[Travancore]] in 1811.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}

===Government reforms===
* The Dewan Col. Munro informed the Maharani of the widespread corruption in her Government owing to the practice of giving all power, administrative and judicial, to a single officer right from village level to district level.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} To end this the Proverticars (village officers), Kariakkars ([[Taluka]] officers) and the district officials were all deprived of their judicial powers and instead a Court of Appeal and five District Courts at [[Padmanabhapuram]], [[Mavelikara]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]], Vaikam and Alwaye were established and modern judicial system was introduced in [[Travancore]]. The Courts had each two judges and a [[Brahmin]] Sastri. For the trial of Government servants another court known as the ''Huzhur'' court was also established.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}
* The Police was reorganised in Travancore during the reign of Maharani Gowri Lakshmi Bayi at the suggestion of Col. John Munro [[Dewan]].{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}
* Deprived of magisterial and judicial power, the district and village officials now could concentrate their attention on the collection of revenue alone, curtailing their power greatly and making them subject to judicial trial in case of misconduct. The revenue department was cleaned of corruption and revenue collection became smoother and organised.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}

===Social reforms===
* Taxes on festivals, taxes on inheritance of property were abolished.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}
* Travancore contained a large number of ''[[Devaswom boards in Kerala|Devaswoms]]'' or Temple Corporations that held vast areas of land and controlled most of the important and wealthy temples in the country. These corporations had fallen prey to corruption and mismanagement and they next engaged the [[Dewan|Dewan']]s attention. More than three hundred of the biggest temples of Travancore were appropriated by the Government under a Devaswom Board and cleared of corruption and mismanagement.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}
* By a Royal Proclamation in 1812 5 December, Her Highness Maharani Gowri Lakshmi Bayi abolished the purchase and sale of all slaves and granted them independence excepting those attached to the soil for agricultural purposes.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}
* Castes like the [[Ezhava]]s, Kaniyans etc. were given independence from their Lords. A restriction put on the Shudras and others regarding the wearing of gold and silver ornaments was removed.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}
* A vaccination department was started in [[Travancore]] in 1813 under her rule. Finding orthodox reservations amongst her subjects with regard to vaccination, the Queen first vaccinated herself and other members of the Royal family to reassure her people.
*Secretariat system was introduced under the guidelines of Col. Munro.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}

===Change in Dewanship===
In 1814, Colonel John Munro resigned his Dewanship as it was not a permanent arrangement for the Resident to take that post. In his stead the Judge of the Appeal Court, Devan Padmanabhan was appointed as Dewan. However he soon after died from [[smallpox]]. In his place, one of Col. Munro's assistants, Bappu Rao, was appointed as Dewan of Travancore in that same year.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}

==Family==

The Maharani was married to a [[Koyi Thampuran|Koil Thampuran]], Prince [[Raja Raja Varma Koil Thampuran|Rajaraja Varma]] Avargal of the [[Changanassery]] Royal Family. From this marriage Gowri Lakshmi Bayi had issue, two sons and a daughter. Her daughter was Maharani Gowri Rukmini Bayi born in 1809.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} Her eldest son was born on 16 April 1813, King [[Swathi Thirunal]] who was a musician and artist and ruled independently from 1829 to 1846. He married a lady who belonged to the Thiruvattar [[Ammaveedu]] family. The Maharani next had a son in 1814, Maharajah [[Uthram Thirunal]] who ruled from 1846 to 1860.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}

==Illness and death==
The Maharani Gowri Lakshmi Bayi started losing her health after giving birth to her youngest son and died in 1815. She was succeeded by her oldest son, King [[Swathi Thirunal]] with her sister [[Gowri Parvati Bayi]] as the Regent Maharani.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}

==Succession==
Her only daughter, who was now the only female in the matriarchal Travancore Royal Family, Gowri Rukmini Bayi married Rama Varma Koil Thampuran of [[Thiruvalla]] Royal Family in 1819 and had seven children, five sons and two daughters.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} One of these daughters died soon while the other married and had two sons, including [[Moolam Thirunal|Moolam Thirunal Sri Rama Varma]]. She too died in 1857 after the birth of [[Moolam Thirunal]] and so in 1858 two princesses were adopted from the [[Mavelikara]] Royal family into Travancore.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}

==Full Title==
Her Highness Sri Padmanabha Sevini Vanchi Dharma Vardhini Raja Rajeshwari Maharani Ayilyam Thirunal Gowri Lakshmi Bayi, Attingal Mootha Thampuran, Maharani of Travancore.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}

==See also==
* [[Travancore]]
* [[Maharani]]
* [[Swathi Thirunal]]
* [[Moolam Thirunal]]
* [[Nair]]
* [[Thampi|Ammaveedu]]

==References==
{{commons category|Gowri Lakshmi Bayi}}
<references />

==Sources==
* {{Cite book|author=Aiya, V. Nagam |year=1906|title=The Travancore State Manual |location=Trivandrum, Travancore |publisher=Travancore Government Press |oclc=6164443}} (3 volumes)
* {{Cite book|author=Menon, P. Shungoonny |year=1878 |title=A History of Travancore from the Earliest Times |location=Madras, India |publisher=Higginbotham}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[Travancore royal family|Kulasekhara Dynasty]]||1791||1815}}
{{s-reg|}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Balarama Varma]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Kingdom of Travancore|Maharani of Travancore]]|years=1810–1813}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Swathi Thirunal]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Travancore}}
{{Kingdom of Travancore}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bayi, Gowri Lakshmi}}
[[Category:Deaths in childbirth]]
[[Category:Travancore royal family]]
[[Category:Indian female royalty]]

[[Category:1791 births]]
[[Category:1814 deaths]]
[[Category:Hindu monarchs]]
[[Category:19th-century women monarchs]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian royalty]]

[[Category:19th-century Indian monarchs]]

[[Category:Rani of the Kingdom of Travancore]]

[[Category:19th-century women regents]]
[[Category:19th-century regents]]

Tintorettor Jishu (novel)

2026-01-16T06:34:35Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: enhance content additionally and added references

{{Short description|1983 novel by Satyajit Ray}}
{{see also|Tintorettor Jishu (film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{infobox book | 
| name = Tintorettor Jishu
| title_orig =
| translator =
| image = File:TintorettorJishu.jpg
| caption = First edition
| author = [[Satyajit Ray]]
| cover_artist =
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| series = [[Feluda]]
| genre = [[Detective fiction]]
| publisher = [[Ananda Publishers]]
| release_date =
| media_type =
| pages =
| isbn =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
}}

'''''Tintorettor Jishu''''' ('''''[[Tintoretto]]'s [[Jesus]]''''') is a mystery novel by [[Satyajit Ray]] about an adventure of [[Feluda]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ray |first=Satyajit |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.453536 |title=Tintoretor Jishu Ed. 1st |date=1953}}</ref> A movie directed by [[Sandip Ray]] has been made based on the story (released in December 2008). An extensive shoot schedule at [[Hong Kong]] during May 2008 takes Feluda movies to a new height. The book was published by [[Ananda Publishers]] in 1983.

==Plot summary==
A famous painting by the Italian maestro [[Tintoretto]] is gifted to the Neogi family by the aristocratic Italian Cassini family. However, not everyone is aware of the value of the [[painting]]. One of the family members steals it, and international buyers are interested in it. Feluda chases the criminals all the way to [[Hong Kong]]. There was a surprise waiting for him there. Eventually, [[Feluda]] (with the help of a relative [[stranger]], who turns out to be a Neogi family member) succeeds in solving the mystery.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vadukut |first=What Are You Saying? {{!}} Sidin |date=2009-05-01 |title=Tintoretto in Blu-ray? |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/4pkKdwah8iCnzbU3C2JhPK/Tintoretto-in-Bluray.html |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

===True incidence behind this story===
This is related to an actual story of a Miniature Italian painting, belonging to the aristocratic Neogi family, Rajas of [[Baikunthapur, Paschim Medinipur|Baikunthapur]], now Aloya in the district of [[Tangail District|Tangail]], presently in [[Bangladesh]]. [[Satyajit Ray]] was a close friend of Kumar Sudhanshu Mohan Neogi, of the same family and drew inspiration of this novel from this painting, its theft and subsequent recovery from [[Dhaka]] and its eventual auction to help the family buy property in [[Calcutta]] (now Kolkata).

===Feluda and the former Maharajas===

The native princes play an interesting part in the history of [[British Raj|British India]]. Though under the protection of the British Raj, they had a certain amount of power within their domain. Apart from patronizing cricket in [[India]], many of them were involved in promoting social and cultural activities in India.

In ''Tintorettor Jishu'' we meet the (fictional) former Maharaja of Bhagwanagarh, Mr Bhudev Singh. Another former Maharaja Suraj Singh appears in ''[[Golapi Mukta Rahasya]]''. The young prince of Rupnaryangarh plays an important role in ''Ebar Kando Kedarnathe''. However, the Maharajas and the princes are more prominent in the ''Tarini Khuro'' series, another creation of [[Satyajit Ray]].

==Adaptation==
{{main|Tintorettor Jishu (film)}}
A [[Tintorettor Jishu (film)|film in the same name]] based on this novel was released in 2008, directed by [[Sandip Ray]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Statesman News |date=2019-06-29 |title='I was addicted to Feluda stories' |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/supplements/marquee/addicted-feluda-stories-1502771219.html |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081222071151/http://www.ilovekolkata.in/index.php/feluda/ Official website of film]
* [https://archive.today/20130221154212/http://feluda.net/2009/12/20/tintorettor-jishu/ Tintorettor Jishu: was there such a painting?]

{{Feluda}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Novels by Satyajit Ray]]
[[Category:Feluda (novel series)]]
[[Category:Novels set in India]]
[[Category:Novels set in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Indian novels adapted into films]]
[[Category:1983 Indian novels]]
[[Category:Tintoretto]]

{{1980s-crime-novel-stub}}

You Can't Please All

2026-01-12T03:56:58Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: Put up new pg

{{Short description|1981 painting by Bhupen Khakhar}}

{{Infobox artwork
| title = You Can’t Please All
| artist = [[Bhupen Khakhar]]
| year = 1981
| medium = [[Oil on canvas]]
| height_metric = 175.6
| width_metric = 175.6
| metric_unit = cm
| museum = [[Tate]]
| city = [[London]]
}}

'''''You Can't Please All''''' is an [[Oil painting|oil on canvas]] painting by [[India]]n artist [[Bhupen Khakhar]] (1934–2003). Khakhar, famously recognized as India's first [[pop artist]], completed the painting in 1981 in [[Vadodara|Baroda]], [[Gujarat]]. The painting took him five months to finish.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tate |title='You Can't Please All', Bhupen Khakhar, 1981 |url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/khakhar-you-cant-please-all-t07200 |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=Tate |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Background ==
An openly gay artist,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2002-10-29 |title=Smashing India's sexual taboos |language=en-GB |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2372697.stm |access-date=2023-09-24}}</ref> Khakhar's works were very figurative in nature, and explored the themes of gender, identity, sexuality, humour, love and relationship, among others. His paintings often contained references to [[Hindu mythology]] and mythological themes.

A self-taught artist, Khakhar painted one of his most significant works, ''You Can't Please All'', in 1981. The painting is widely regarded as his 'coming out' statement,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Standley |first=Michelle |date=2017-02-01 |title=Bhupen Khakhar You Can't Please All |url=https://brooklynrail.org/2017/02/artseen/Bhupen-Khakhar |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=The Brooklyn Rail |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jumabhoy |first=Zehra |date=2016-10-01 |title=Bhupen Khakhar |url=https://www.artforum.com/events/bhupen-khakhar-3-224196/ |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=Artforum |language=en-US}}</ref> as homosexuality became a recurring theme in his paintings following it.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-07-18 |title=Art and life in the work of Bhupen Khakhar |url=https://www.apollo-magazine.com/art-and-life-in-the-work-of-bhupen-khakhar/ |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=Apollo Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> The painting was published at a time when homosexuality was looked down upon and condemned in India. Likely a self-portrait, Khakhar's work reflected courage, pride, colour and liberation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhupen Khakhar: You Can't Please All {{!}} My Art Guides |url=https://myartguides.com/exhibitions/berlin/bhupen-khakhar-you-cant-please-all/ |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=My Art Guides {{!}} Your Compass in the Art World |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Title ==
The title of the painting is an allusion to a folktale called ''You Can't Please Everyone'' from [[Aesop's Fables]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=10 iconic works of modern Indian art - Galaxy of Musicians (1889) |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/miscellaneous/10-iconic-works-of-modern-indian-art/you-cant-please-all-1981/slideshow/64903943.cms |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> a story about two men carrying a donkey and ultimately losing it by accident as they attempt to pay heed to the advice of every person who comes across them. The painting, set in an Indian town, shows three episodes from the tale.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tate |title='You Can't Please All', Bhupen Khakhar, 1981 |url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/khakhar-you-cant-please-all-t07200 |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=Tate |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Overview ==
''You Can't Please All'' is an oil on canvas painting and employs lots of colours. The painting has two main sections: on the left is a bustling town, full of garages, cafes and alleyways;<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cumming |first=Laura |date=2016-06-05 |title=Bhupen Khakhar: You Can't Please All review – a sprawl through a life's work |language=en-GB |work=The Observer |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2016/jun/05/bhupen-khakhar-you-cant-please-all-review-tate-modern-pop-art-pink-city-howard-hodgkin-david-hockney |access-date=2023-09-24 |issn=0029-7712}}</ref> on the right stands a naked man leaning over his balcony,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-12 |title=The body electric |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/the-body-electric-5775950/ |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> looking down at the townspeople.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhupen Khakhar: You Can't Please All {{!}} My Art Guides |url=https://myartguides.com/exhibitions/berlin/bhupen-khakhar-you-cant-please-all/ |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=My Art Guides {{!}} Your Compass in the Art World |language=en-US}}</ref> The town is busy, showcasing several scenes: a man repairing his car, a woman plucking fruits from a tree, a group of men sitting at the porch of a house, and three distinct episodes from the titular fable.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Standley |first=Michelle |date=2017-02-01 |title=Bhupen Khakhar You Can't Please All |url=https://brooklynrail.org/2017/02/artseen/Bhupen-Khakhar |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=The Brooklyn Rail |language=en-US}}</ref> The man, presumed to be a self-portrait of Khakhar,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cumming |first=Laura |date=2016-06-05 |title=Bhupen Khakhar: You Can't Please All review – a sprawl through a life's work |language=en-GB |work=The Observer |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2016/jun/05/bhupen-khakhar-you-cant-please-all-review-tate-modern-pop-art-pink-city-howard-hodgkin-david-hockney |access-date=2023-09-24 |issn=0029-7712}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhupen Khakhar: You Can't Please All - Announcements - e-flux |url=https://www.e-flux.com/announcements/44206/bhupen-khakharyou-can-t-please-all/ |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=www.e-flux.com |language=en}}</ref> watches over the townscape as he finds himself in a dilemma as to whether he should participate in society or hide from it.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Standley |first=Michelle |date=2017-02-01 |title=Bhupen Khakhar You Can't Please All |url=https://brooklynrail.org/2017/02/artseen/Bhupen-Khakhar |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=The Brooklyn Rail |language=en-US}}</ref> The painting explores the conflict between conventional wisdom and individuality, and challenges social taboos vis-à-vis homosexuality.<ref>{{Cite web |title=10 iconic works of modern Indian art - Galaxy of Musicians (1889) |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/miscellaneous/10-iconic-works-of-modern-indian-art/you-cant-please-all-1981/slideshow/64903943.cms |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> The title aptly summarizes the subject of the painting: one cannot make everyone happy.

In the painting, the figure shows his nude posterior to the viewer, a position which resembles that of the subject in [[David Hockney|David Hockney's]] 1966 artwork, ''[[Peter Getting Out of Nick's Pool]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jumabhoy |first=Zehra |date=2016-10-01 |title=Bhupen Khakhar |url=https://www.artforum.com/events/bhupen-khakhar-3-224196/ |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=Artforum |language=en-US}}</ref>

The painting, which is defined by colours and contrasts, has varying levels of thickness of paint. Although the surface is relatively smooth, some brush strokes are visible.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tate |title='You Can't Please All', Bhupen Khakhar, 1981 |url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/khakhar-you-cant-please-all-t07200 |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=Tate |language=en-GB}}</ref>

''You Can't Please All'' was acquired by [[Tate]] in 1996.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhupen Khakhar: You Can't Please All {{!}} IIAS |url=https://www.iias.asia/the-newsletter/article/bhupen-khakhar-you-cant-please-all |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=www.iias.asia}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:LGBTQ art]]
[[Category:Oil paintings on canvas]]
[[Category:1981 paintings]]
[[Category:Indian paintings]]
[[Category:Works believed to be self-portraits]]
[[Category:Portraits of men]]
[[Category:20th-century portraits]]
[[Category:Paintings in the Tate galleries]]

Anita Dube

2025-11-10T23:28:20Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: Added Initial Info V1

{{short description|Indian artist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Anita Dube
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1958|11|28}}
| birth_place = [[Lucknow]], Uttar Pradesh, India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| education = [[Delhi University]], [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]]
| alma_mater =
| occupation = [[contemporary artist]]
| years_active = 1970 – present
| known_for = Mixed media sculpture, installation art, art critic, writer
| children =
| relatives =
| website =
}}

'''Anita Dube''' (born 28 November 1958) is an Indian contemporary visual artist and art critic, whose work has been widely exhibited. She is known for her mixed media sculpture and installation art.

==Early life==
Dube was born on 28 November 1958 in [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India to a family of physicians.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Nagy |first1=Peter A. |year=2005 |title=Dube, Anita {{!}} Grove Art |url=http://www.oxfordartonline.com/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000097908 |access-date=2018-08-08 |language=en |doi=10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T097908 |isbn=978-1-884446-05-4}}</ref>

She completed her B A. degree with honors in history from the [[University of Delhi]] (now Delhi University) in 1979.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anita Dube |url=https://www.vadehraart.com/artists/134-anita-dube/ |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=Vadehra Art Gallery |language=en}}</ref> She completed her M.F.A. degree in art criticism from [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] in 1982.<ref>{{cite web|title=Anita Dube - CV|url=http://naturemorte.com/artists/cv/90|publisher=Gallery Nature Morte|access-date=18 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419011612/http://naturemorte.com/artists/cv/90|archive-date=19 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Career==
Dube's training as an art historian at Baroda continues to influence her practice as a visual artist, as do her ties to the short-lived but extremely influential [[Indian Radical Painters' and Sculptors' Association]], a group of predominantly Malayali contemporary artists (with Dube a rare exception) formed by [[K. P. Krishnakumar]] in Baroda in 1987 that forged an explicitly radical, socially and politically conscious approach to art making in contrast with the more figurative style of painting associated with an earlier generation of artists and faculty at Baroda. Their political position is most fiercely articulated in the manifesto-statement Dube wrote, titled 'Questions and Dialogue' (1987), reprinted in ''The Hunger of the Republic: Our Present in Retrospect'' (2021), part of the India Since the 90s series published by [[Tulika Books]]. The earlier generation at Baroda were largely part of the so-called "Baroda School" also sometimes called the "narrative painters," a group that came to prominence in the mid to late 1970s, and included figures such as [[Bhupen Khakhar]], [[Nalini Malani]], [[Vivan Sundaram]], [[Jogen Chowdhury]], [[Sudhir Patwardhan]], [[Ghulam Mohammed Sheikh]] and critic [[Geeta Kapur]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Gulam Mohammed Sheikh in conversation with Suman Gopinathan|url=http://www.theotherspaces.com/Gulam-Sheikh/1445/interviews.aspx|publisher=otherspaces|access-date=18 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418234434/http://www.theotherspaces.com/Gulam-Sheikh/1445/interviews.aspx|archive-date=18 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1987, the Indian Radical Painters and Sculptors Association, led by Krishnakumar, held an exhibition "Questions and Dialogue" at the [[Faculty of Fine Arts]] in [[Baroda]], which was accompanied by posters around campus and a manifesto, written by Dube, denouncing the commodification of art in general, and what they saw as the lack of sincere, effective political and social engagement on the part of the "narrative painters."<ref>{{cite web|title=Questions & Dialogue: A Radical Manifesto|url=http://www.artandeducation.net/announcement/questions-dialogue-a-radical-manifesto/|publisher=Art & Education|access-date=18 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012542/http://www.artandeducation.net/announcement/questions-dialogue-a-radical-manifesto/|archive-date=19 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dube and her peers at Baroda were committed to a radical project of challenging a retrogressive, bourgeois-centered art industry. This entailed, among other things, a conscious shift in medium: Dube and others focused on inexpensive, industrial materials and found objects in an effort to create works that resisted commodification, connected with working-class audiences, and directed a militant critique at bourgeois notions of art making, display and consumption.<ref>{{cite web|last=Panikkar|first=Shivaji K|title=FROM TRIVANDRUM TO BARODA AND BACK: A RE-READING|url=http://www.theotherspaces.com/Papers/2/default.aspx|publisher=otherspaces|access-date=18 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419011601/http://www.theotherspaces.com/Papers/2/default.aspx|archive-date=19 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Following the exhibition, the group shifted its activities to Kerala, where another exhibition was held at Kozhikode in February, 1989. Also in 1989, the group staged a demonstration and published a pamphlet excoriating a Sotheby's auction held in Mumbai that year with support from the Times of India — still a novel concept for India's relatively quiet 1980s art market. "The Times of India’s sudden interest in Indian Art and Culture now shows that the Imperialists want to completely poison the people’s mind and life through antihuman projects for artists," it read, adding that the exhibition's invocation of "Timeless" India was the legacy of a "colonialist strategy to see everything as ‘timeless’, and now the Indian ruling classes see their country with the same eyes."<ref>{{cite web|last=Panikkar|first=Shivaji K|title=FROM TRIVANDRUM TO BARODA AND BACK: A RE-READING|url=http://www.theotherspaces.com/Papers/2/default.aspx|publisher=otherspaces|access-date=18 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419011601/http://www.theotherspaces.com/Papers/2/default.aspx|archive-date=19 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Controversies==
On 20 April 2025, Poet Aamir Aziz alleged that his poem ‘Sab Yaad Rakha Jayega’ was used without his 'knowledge, consent, credit or compensation' by Anita Dube. Dube, in a restricted private social media post, stated that she had made an ethical lapse in not crediting him."<ref>{{cite web|last=Karunakaran|first=Biny|title=Anita Dube admits ethical lapse after poet Aamir Aziz alleges appropriation|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/news/anita-dube-admits-ethical-lapse-after-poet-aamir-aziz-alleges-appropriation|access-date=23 April 2025}}</ref>

==Later work==
When the Indian Radical Painters and Sculptors Association disbanded in 1989, following the death of KP Krishnakumar, Dube shifted her focus from writing and criticism to making visual art, developing an aesthetic idiom that utilizes found objects and industrial materials, word play and photography in order to offer a sustained analysis and critique of existing social and political conditions in India and beyond. Philippe Vergne, in a 2003 essay, writes that Dube's work "privileges sculptural fragment as a cultural bearer of personal and social memories, history, mythologies and phenomenological experiences."<ref>{{cite web|last=Vergne|first=Philippe|title=Anita Dube|url=http://www.bosepacia.com/exhibitions/2008-05-15_anita-dube/press-release/|publisher=Bose Pacia|access-date=18 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423071947/http://www.bosepacia.com/exhibitions/2008-05-15_anita-dube/press-release/|archive-date=23 April 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Dube's language-based sculptural work is particularly notable. She has said that she is “interested in how a word can become architecture”.<ref>{{cite web|title=Anita Dube, September 7, 2007 – January 20, 2008 |url=http://www.mattress.org/index.cfm?event=ShowArtist&eid=76&id=329&c=past |publisher=Mattress Factor |access-date=18 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012826/http://www.mattress.org/index.cfm?event=ShowArtist&eid=76&id=329&c=past |archive-date=19 April 2014 }}</ref> This interest is evident in a work titled ''5 Words'' (2007), which was included in a 2007-2008 exhibition at the [[Mattress Factory]] in Pittsburgh. Consisting of five separate pieces, 5 Words explores the fraught cross-cultural semantics and sculptural possibilities of five value-laden words that begin with the letter W. Another body of work that Dube is known for involves the use of the adhesive-backed, industrially produced ceramic eyes typically affixed to [[Murti|Hindu religious images]]. An example of this type of work is ''The Sleep of Reason Creates Monsters'' (2001), first installed at the Kiasma Museum of Contemporary Art in Helsinki, Finland, makes reference to [[Francisco Goya]]’s famous set of aquatint prints, Los [[Caprichos]], produced between 1797 and 1798.<ref>{{cite web|title=How Latitudes Become Forms: Art in a Global Age|url=http://latitudes.walkerart.org/artists/index4238.html|publisher=Walker Art Center|access-date=18 April 2014}}</ref>

Internationally, her work has been shown at the [[Mattress Factory]], Pittsburgh; the [[Walker Art Center]] (Minneapolis), [[Contemporary Arts Museum]] (Houston), [[Museo Rufino Tamayo, Mexico City|Museo Rufino Tamayo]] (Mexico City) and the [[Havana biennial]], among others. Recent solo exhibitions have included shows at Nature Morte (Berlin; 2013); Lakeeren Gallery (Mumbai; 2013); Galerie Dominique Fiat (Paris; 2011); Bose Pacia (New York; 2008), Galerie Almine Rech (Paris; 2007), and [[Gallery Nature Morte]] (New Delhi; 2000, 2005). Her work has been included in recent group exhibitions, including shows at the Kiran Nadar Museum of Art (2013), and the [[Centre Georges Pompidou]], Paris (2011).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yours Disparately Anita Dube |url=https://naturemorte.com/exhibitions/yoursdisparatelyanitadube/}}</ref> Dube also contributed to the first book in the six volume series ''India Since the 90s'' edited by Ashish Rajadhyaksha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Hunger of the Republic |url=https://tulikabooks.in/the-hunger-of-the-republic.html |access-date=2022-08-31 |website=tulikabooks.in |language=en}}</ref>

In 1997, Dube cofounded [[KHOJ, international artists' association|KHOJ]], an International Artists' Association in New Delhi. What started as a relatively modest annual workshop has become a major platform for South Asian art within a global context, organizing international workshops, residencies and exhibitions.<ref>{{cite web|title=About KHOJ |url=http://khojworkshop.org/~khoj/book/about_khoj |publisher=KHOJ International Artists' Association |access-date=18 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211112859/http://khojworkshop.org/~khoj/book/about_khoj |archive-date=11 December 2013 }}</ref>

Dube is the first female curator of the [[Kochi-Muziris Biennale]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vogue.in/magazine-story/meet-anita-dube-the-first-ever-female-curator-at-kochi-biennale/|title = Meet Anita Dube, the first ever female curator at Kochi biennale|date = 11 December 2018}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000097908 Anita Dube] at [[Grove Art]]
*[https://www.dictionnaire-creatrices.com/fiche-anita-dube Anita Dube] at [[Le Dictionnaire universel des créatrices|Dictionnaire-Creatrices]]
*[https://www.ledelarge.fr/7008_artiste_DUBE_Anita Anita Dube] at {{ill|Le Delarge|lt=Le Delarge|fr|WD=}}
*[https://archive.today/20140422155459/http://www.theotherspaces.com/journals/001/3/1/default.aspx Full text of Anita Dube, "Questions and Dialogue," Baroda, 1987]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dube, Anita}}
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda alumni]]
[[Category:Indian women contemporary artists]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian art historians]]
[[Category:Indian women historians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian sculptors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women sculptors]]
[[Category:Indian contemporary painters]]
[[Category:Indian contemporary sculptors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sculptors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women sculptors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women painters]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian painters]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women painters]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian painters]]

Prashant Pillai

2025-11-03T12:39:59Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur:

{{Short description|Indian composer and producer (born 1981)}}
{{About|Indian producer and composer|the computer scientist |Prashant Pillai (computer scientist)}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{BLP sources |date=December 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Prashant Pillai
| image =
| caption =
| landscape = yes
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1981|09|08}}
| origin = [[Pune, Maharashtra]], India
| genre = {{Flatlist|
* [[Film music]]
* [[film score]]
* [[sonic branding]]
* [[new-age music|new-age]]
* [[Electronic music|electronic]]
* [[world music|world]]
* soul
* pop
}}
| instrument = {{Flatlist|
* Percussions
* piano
}}
| occupation = {{Flatlist|
* bandleader
* composer
}}
| years_active = 2000{{Endash}}present
| label = Madras Blues Records (present)
| website = [http://www.prashantpillai.com/ PrashantPillai.com]
}}
'''Prashant Pillai''' (born 8 September 1981) is an Indian music composer who predominantly does Malayalam language films.

==Early career==
After completing his Sound engineering in [[Chennai]], he went on to work with [[A.R.Rahman]]. After a short stint with him, he moved on and settled in [[Pune]], where he started scoring for ad jingles, web sonics, and [[short film]]s. Pillai considers A.R.Rahman to be his professional guide and mentor.

In early 2004, Pillai got his first break to compose a radio jingle and then went on to compose jingles, for both radio and television consumption.

In the year 2007, Prashant scored music for [[Bejoy Nambiar]]'s, critically acclaimed short film ''Rahu'' where he teamed with singer K. S. Krishnan. Bejoy's uncanny knack of selecting unusual and experimental sounds, resulted in Prashant working on a soundtrack, which he still claims to be his best. ''Rahu'' soundtrack features Murtaza and Qadir Khan, sons of the [[Ustad Ghulam Mustafa Khan]]. They feature in the soundtrack for the [[Sufi music|Sufi song]], "Betaabi". This song was later used in a Malayalam film ''[[City of God (2011 film)|City of God]]''.

==Film scoring and soundtracks==
Prashant's first break in feature films came when debutant [[Lijo Jose Pellissery]] roped him for the Malayalam film ''[[Nayakan (2010 film)|Nayakan]]'', in March 2010. The film featured actors like [[Indrajith Sukumaran|Indrajith]], [[Thilakan]], [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] and [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] in pivotal roles. [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] winner [[A. R. Rahman]] released the music of the movie.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sify.com/movies/malayalam/review.php?id=14935888&ctid=5&cid=2428|title=Movie Review:Nayakan|website=[[Sify]] |date=25 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325174154/http://sify.com/movies/malayalam/review.php?id=14935888&ctid=5&cid=2428 |archive-date=25 March 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/mar/22/south-malayalam-movie-review-nayakan.htm|title=Review: Nayakan is interesting|first=Paresh C.|last=Palicha|website=Rediff}}</ref>[[File:A.R.Rahman releasing Prashant Pillai's music - Nayakan.JPG|thumb|right|321x321px|A.R.Rahman releasing Prashant Pillai's music – Nayakan OST]]

Prashant's mentor A.R.Rahman released the soundtrack of ''Nayakan'' on 16 March 2010, at Rahman's [[Panchathan Record Inn and AM Studios|Panchathan Studios]] in Chennai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.search.yahoo.com/?fr2=inr|title=Yahoo Search - Web Search|website=in.search.yahoo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=enotes: Prashant Pillai's Blog on A.R.Rahman releasing Nayakan |url=http://prashantpillai.com/my-music-projects/a-r-rahman-releases-audio-of-nayakan-malayalam-music-prashant-pillai/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323005313/http://prashantpillai.com/my-music-projects/a-r-rahman-releases-audio-of-nayakan-malayalam-music-prashant-pillai/ |archivedate=23 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/v/BwFlhxoHpGs?hl=en_GB&fs=1|title=- YouTube|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref> The ''Nayakan'' soundtrack features, 6 songs, one of which is sung by [[Indrajith Sukumaran|Indrajith]] (the lead of the film) himself. Prashant worked on this project for over one and a half years, and has fused in elements that is new to the Malayali audience.

In 2011, Prashant collaborated with Lijo once again for ''[[City of God (2011 film)|City of God]]''<ref name="City of God (2011) - IMDb">{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1854518/|title=City of God|date=23 March 2011|via=IMDb}}</ref> which opened to mixed reviews.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-city-of-god/20110425.htm|title=Review: City Of God is worth a watch|first=Paresh C.|last=Palicha|website=Rediff}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/review/11757.html|title=City Of God Malayalam Movie Review - cinema preview stills gallery trailer video clips showtimes - IndiaGlitz.com|date=7 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101207092722/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/review/11757.html |archive-date=7 December 2010 }}</ref> The movie stars [[Prithviraj Sukumaran|Prithviraj]] and Indrajith as pivotal characters, along with Parvathi, [[Rima Kallingal]] and [[Shwetha Menon]].

In 2011, he made his debut into commercial cinema with the Bollywood film ''[[Shaitan (film)|Shaitan]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1836912/|title=Shaitan|date=10 June 2011|via=IMDb}}</ref> directed by his now close friend, mentor and director [[Bejoy Nambiar]], for which Pillai has scored majority of the songs. The film, produced by [[Anurag Kashyap (director)|Anurag Kashyap]] has a unique soundscape to it; co-composed by eminent composers like [[Ranjit Barot]], Amar Mohile and Anupam Roy. In the same year Prashant scored the original background music for the Malayalam film [[Bombay March 12]] starring National Award winner [[Mammootty]] directed by screenwriter Babu Janardhan.

2012 saw Prashant scoring the background music for [[Sidharth Bharathan|Siddarth]] Bharathan's [[Nidra (2012 film)|Nidra]] a remake of his father [[Bharathan]]'s 1981 film also titled Nidra. The film wasn't a commercial hit, but the film and its score was appreciated for its definitive style.Prashant also scored background music for MTV Rush, a series of 12 short stories on the leading music and entertainment television channel [[MTV]], directed by [[Bejoy Nambiar]] of [[Shaitan (film)|Shaitan]] fame.

Jan 2013 saw the release of Prashant's third soundtrack for Bejoy Nambiar, in his film, [[David (2013 Tamil film)|David]]. The soundtrack, which was supervised and co-produced by Prashant, is a compilation of various bands like Bram Fatura, Light Years Explode, MaatiBaani as also artists like [[Remo Fernandes]], [[Anirudh Ravichander]] and [[Mikey McCleary]]. Apart from sound design, Prashant's tracks in the film feature eminent singers like [[Lucky Ali]], [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]], [[Shweta Pandit]] and [[Naresh Iyer]]. The film stars [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]], [[Neil Nitin Mukesh]], [[Jiiva]], [[Isha Sharvani]] and [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]] among others, released in Hindi, Tamil and Telugu. He also composed the background score for the Hindi film ''[[Issaq]]'' directed by [[Manish Tiwary]].

Post ''[[City of God (2011 film)|City of God]]''<ref name="City of God (2011) - IMDb"/> Prashant composed the music for [[Lijo Jose Pellissery]]'s Malayalam musical film titled ''[[Amen (2013 film)|Amen]]''. The music became very popular and the film subsequently became a major blockbuster. The album featured artists like [[Ramya Nambeesan]], [[Alyssa Mendonsa]] and [[Lucky Ali]]. This is a romantic comedy featuring actors [[Indrajith Sukumaran]], [[Fahadh Faasil]], Swati of [[Subramaniapuram]] fame and [[Kalabhavan Mani]] among others. Prashant was subsequently roped in by veteran filmmaker [[Lal Jose]] for ''[[Ezhu Sundara Rathrikal]]''.

In 2014, composed for Ajith Pillai's ''[[Mosayile Kuthira Meenukal]]'' and debutant Santhosh Nair's ''[[Money Ratnam]]''. 2015 saw four of his films release one of which was ''[[Double Barrel (2015 film)|Double Barrel]]'', his fourth collaboration with filmmaker Lijo Jose Pellissery and his debut Tamil film ''[[Andhra Mess]]''.

==Awards==
* 2013–16th [[Asianet Film Awards]] 2014 – Best Music Director – [[Amen (2013 film)|Amen]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.filmelon.com/posts/16th-ujala-asianet-film-awards-2014-winners-list |title=16th Ujala Asianet Film Awards 2014 - Winners List | Filmelon |access-date=12 January 2014 |archive-date=4 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404075334/http://www.filmelon.com/posts/16th-ujala-asianet-film-awards-2014-winners-list |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 2013 – TTK Prestige-Vanitha Film Awards – Best Music Director – [[Amen (2013 film)|Amen]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://kerala9.com/news-category/news/movie-news/ttk-prestige-vanitha-film-awards-shobhana-prithviraj-win-best-actor-actress-awards |title=TTK Prestige-Vanitha Film Awards: Shobhana, Prithviraj win best actor, actress awards - Kerala9.com |access-date=7 January 2014 |archive-date=7 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307082405/http://kerala9.com/news-category/news/movie-news/ttk-prestige-vanitha-film-awards-shobhana-prithviraj-win-best-actor-actress-awards |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Selected discography==

{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Genre
!Group
!Label
|-
|2003
|''Om Ganeshaya Namaha'' (as Prashant Pillai)
|Devotional
| –
|Independent
|-
|2005
|''Amhi Puneri'' (as Prashant Pillai)
|Pop
| –
|Independent
|-
|2011
|''debut'' (as Prashant Pillai)
|World/Fusion/Lounge
| Groove Loves Company
|Madras Blues Rechords
|}

==Filmography==

===Feature films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Language !! Notes
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Nayakan (2010 film)|Nayakan]]''
|rowspan=2|Malayalam
|rowspan=2|Songs and Background Score
|-
|rowspan=3|2011 || ''[[City of God (2011 film)|City of God]]''
|-
|''[[Shaitan (film)|Shaitan]]''|| Hindi || 7 of 14 songs featured the film
|-
| ''[[Bombay March 12]]''
|rowspan=3|Malayalam
|rowspan=2|Background Score only.
|-
|rowspan=2|2012 || ''[[Nidra (2012 film)|Nidra]]''
|-
| ''[[Nee Ko Njaa Cha]]'' || Songs only.
|-
|rowspan=7|2013 || ''[[David (2013 Hindi film)|David]]'' || Hindi / Tamil || 3 Songs
|-
| ''[[Amen (2013 film)|Amen]]''
|rowspan=2|Malayalam ||Songs and Background Score
|-
| ''[[5 Sundarikal]]'' || Song and Background Score for '''Isha'''
|-
| ''[[Sixteen (2013 Indian film)|Sixteen]]''
|rowspan=2|Hindi || 3 Songs and Background Score
|-
| ''[[Issaq (2013 film)|Issaq]]''
|rowspan=2|Background Score only.
|-
| ''[[Zachariayude Garbhinikal]]'' || Malayalam
|-
| ''[[Ezhu Sundara Rathrikal]]''
|rowspan=3|Malayalam
|rowspan=7|Songs and Background Score
|-
|rowspan=3|2014 || ''[[Mosayile Kuthira Meenukal]]''
|-
| ''[[Money Ratnam]]''
|-
| ''[[Mamachya Gavala Jaaoo Yaa]]'' || Marathi
|-
|rowspan=3|2015 || ''[[Chandrettan Evideya]]''
|rowspan=3|Malayalam
|-
| '' [[Double Barrel (2015 film)|Double Barrel]]''
|-
| ''[[Rockstar (2015 film)|Rockstar]]''
|-
|rowspan=2|2016 || ''[[Wazir (film)|Wazir]]'' || Hindi|| 1 song only.
|-
| ''[[Anuraga Karikkin Vellam]]'' || Malayalam || Songs and Background Score
|-
|rowspan=5|2017 || ''[[Angamaly Diaries]]''
|rowspan=2|Malayalam
|rowspan=2|Songs and Background Score
|-
| ''[[Sakhavu (2017 film)|Sakhavu]]''
|-
| ''[[Keshava (film)|Keshava]]'' || Telugu || Background Score only
|-
|''Varnyathil Ashanka'' || Malayalam || Songs and Background Score
|-
| ''[[Solo (2017 film)|Solo]]'' || Malayalam / Tamil || 1 Song + Background Score ( for Blind )
|-
|rowspan=5|2018 ||''[[Mukkabaaz]]''||Hindi|| Background Score only
|-
|''[[Ee.Ma.Yau]]''||Malayalam
|rowspan=6|Songs and Background Score
|-
| ''[[Andhra Mess]]'' || Tamil
|-
| ''[[Padayottam (2018 film)]]''
|rowspan=4|Malayalam
|-
|''[[French Viplavam]]''
|-
|rowspan=6|2019 ||''[[Unda (film)|Unda]]''
|-
|''[[Jallikattu (2019 film)|Jallikattu]]''
|-
|''[[Ranarangam]]''
|Telugu
|Background score, 2 songs only
|-
|''[[Mariyam Vannu Vilakkoothi]]''
|rowspan=2|Malayalam
|Additional songs only.
|-
|''[[Sayanna Varthakal]]''
|Songs and Background Score
|-
|''[[Chappad Phaad Ke]]''
|rowspan=2|Hindi
||[[Independent film|Independent]] film directly released on OTT platform, [[Hotstar]].Songs and Background Score
|-
|rowspan=3|2020
|''[[Bamfaad]]''
|Background Score only.Directly released on OTT platform, ZEE5
|-
|''[[Saajan Bakery Since 1962|Saajan Bakery]]''
|Malayalam
|Songs and Background Score
|-
|''[[Taish]]''
|Hindi
|2 songs only
|-
|2021
|''Chathuram''
|Malayalam
|
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Kathir (film)|Kathir]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Malaikottai Vaaliban]]'' || rowspan=2 | Malayalam ||
|-
| 2025
|
|}
[[Moonwalk (film)#Cast]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-|| {{Pending film| Moonwalk}} ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2025-05-11 |title=Moonwalk gets a release date, trailer out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/May/11/moonwalk-gets-a-release-date-trailer-out |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Short films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Language !! Notes
|-
| 2007 || Rahu || Malayalam || Co-composed with Krishnan. Credited as Prashant-Krishnan Songs and Background Score
|-
| 2012 ||Kaun Kamleshwar || Hindi || Songs and Background Score
|-
| 2017 ||LAFS || Hindi || Background Score
|}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://www.prashantpillai.com/ Prashant Pillai's official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110708060925/http://www.prashantpillai.blogspot.com/ Prashant Pillai's writeup on meeting A.R.Rahman]
* [https://www.facebook.com/prashantmusicproducer Official Facebook Fan Page]
* [http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/mar/22/south-malayalam-movie-review-nayakan.htm Rediff Reviews – Nayakan]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100324161413/http://vibetalkies.com/blog/nayakan-2/ Vibe Talkies Reviews Nayakan]
* [https://www.youtube.com/v/BwFlhxoHpGs?hl=en_GB&fs=1 YouTube video of A.R.Rahman releasing Nayakan Audio]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pillai, Prashant}}
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:Indian film score composers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male film score composers]]

Kandikonda

2025-10-24T12:45:39Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: Put up info.

{{Short description|Indian film lyricist (1973–2022)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kandikonda
| birth_name = Kandikonda Yadagiri
| image =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1973|10|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = Warangal, [[Telangana]], India
| death_date = {{death date and age|2022|03|12|1973|10|13|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], India
| occupation = Lyricist
}}

'''Kandikonda''' (13 October 1973 – 12 March 2022) was an Indian film lyricist known for his works in [[Telugu cinema]]. Kandikonda was born in Nagurlapally, Narsampet Mandal, [[Warangal district]]. He was awarded a doctorate for his thesis on ''Situational songs in Telugu cinema'' from [[Osmania University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Sunday-Hans/2017-09-24/Sing-in-devotion-dance-in-celebration/328646|title=Sing in devotion, dance in celebration|first=The Hans|last=India|date=24 September 2017|website=The Hans India}}</ref>

==Career==
Kandikonda penned lyrics for over a hundred films in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as well as private albums. Early in his career, he worked for many private and spiritual albums with composer [[Chakri (composer)|Chakri]]. His vested interest in [[Chalam (writer)|Chalam]]'s literature inclined him to pen songs as a lyricist in the Telugu film industry. While working with Chakri, he made his debut into the industry with ''Malli Kuyave Guvva'' for [[Puri Jagannadh]]'s film ''[[Itlu Sravani Subramanyam]]''. Thereafter he worked on many songs, including ''Chupulatho Gucchi Gucchi'' and ''Gala Gala Paruthuna''.<ref name=":0" /> He also wrote a song named ''Maagani Matti Merupu'' on the journey towards [[Telangana movement|Telangana statehood]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kalyanam |first=Rajeshwari |date=30 May 2018 |title=Telangana celebrates victory with a song |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Telangana/2018-05-30/Telangana-celebrates-victory-with-a-song/385192 |website=The Hans India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Singles on Telangana ahead of Formation Day |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/singles-on-telangana-ahead-of-formation-day/article24047423.ece |website=[[The Hindu]]|date=31 May 2018 |last1=Nadadhur |first1=Srivathsan }} </ref> In 2019 he wrote a song ''Bhogimantalu, Sankrantulu, Kanuma Poojalu Saradalu'' based on the festival [[Sankranti]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kalyanam |first=Rajeshwari |date=15 January 2019 |title=A song to welcome Sankranti |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Womenia/2019-01-15/A-song-to-welcome-Sankranti/475534 |website=The Hans India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ap7am.com/lv-275768-mangli-exclusive-interview-mangli-sankranthi-song|title=Mangli Exclusive Interview : Mangli Sankranthi Song|website=AP7AM}}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In 2018 he wrote a song about [[K. T. Rama Rao]] on his birthday, titled ''Vachadu Vachadu Oka Leader.''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.gulte.com/news/68140/KTRs-Bday-Song-Targets-Masses|title=KTR's B'day Song: Targets Masses|date=23 July 2018|website=Gulte|access-date=12 March 2022|archive-date=7 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507010738/https://archive.gulte.com/news/68140/KTRs-Bday-Song-Targets-Masses|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Personal life and death==
Kandikonda was a native of Nagurlapally. He died in [[Hyderabad]] on 12 March 2022, at the age of 48.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sridhar |first=P. |date=2022-03-12 |title=Kandikonda leaves a rich literary legacy behind |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/kandikonda-leaves-a-rich-literary-legacy-behind/article65218331.ece |access-date=2022-03-12 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=kandikonda: సినీ గేయ రచయిత కందికొండ కన్నుమూత |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/tollywood-writer-and-lyricist-kandikonda-passes-away/0201/122049779 |access-date=2022-03-12 |work=[[Eenadu]] |language=te}}</ref> He had been battling throat cancer for the two prior years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tollywood lyricist Kandikonda no more|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2022/mar/12/tollywood-lyricist-kandikonda-no-more-30233.html|work=Cinema Express|date=12 March 2022|accessdate=12 March 2022}}</ref>

==Discography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Year !! Film !! Song name !! Music director
|-
| rowspan="2"|2001 || rowspan="2"| ''[[Itlu Sravani Subramanyam]]'' || Malli kuyave guvva || rowspan="25" |[[Chakri (composer)|Chakri]]
|-
| Neekosam vechi
|-
| rowspan="5"|2002 || rowspan="3"|[[Idiot (2002 film)|''Idiot'']]|| Chupultho Gucchi gucchi champake
|-
| Eeroje thelisindhi
|-
| Sara Sara Sye
|-
| rowspan="2"| ''[[Aaduthu Paaduthu|Aaduthu Paduthu]]''|| Neeli Neeli Muthyamalle
|-
| Chamaku chamaku
|-
| rowspan="7"|2003 || ''[[Amma Nanna O Tamila Ammayi]]'' || Chennai chandhrama
|-
| rowspan="3"|[[Sivamani (film)|''Sivamani'']] || Gold rangu pedhavulu
|-
| Rama rama
|-
| Sun sun sundhari
|-
| rowspan="3"|[[Satyam (2003 film)|''Satyam'']] || Ori devuda
|-
| Madhurame Madhurame
|-
| I'm in love
|-
| rowspan="11"|2004 || rowspan="3"|''[[Andhrawala]]''|| Malletheegaroi
|-
| Kokkokolamisa
|-
| Gicchi gicchi
|-
| rowspan="3"|[[143 (2004 film)|''143'']] || Endhukani
|-
| Kalalona
|-
| Orori devuda
|-
| rowspan="2"|''[[Donga Dongadi]]'' || Bhagya Nagara
|-
| Sotta Buggala
|-
| rowspan="3"| ''[[Andaru Dongale Dorikite|Andharu dongale]]''|| Tholi Tholiga
|-
| Manmadhudu
|-
| Kanne Thanam
|-
| rowspan="7"|2005 || rowspan="2"|[[Super (2005 film)|''Super'']]|| Akkad bakkad bomai po || rowspan="2"|[[Sandeep Chowta]]
|-
| Masthana
|-
| [[Chakram (2005 film)|''Chakram'']] || Sony cellphone ||rowspan="4" |[[Chakri (music director)|Chakri]]
|-
| rowspan="2"|''[[Sada Mee Sevalo]]'' || Oh Meghamala
|-
| Hello Hello Madam Suryakantham
|-
| [[Bhageeratha (film)|''Bhageeratha'']] || Dilse Karna
|-
| ''[[Allari Pidugu]]'' || Chinukulaga || rowspan="5"|[[Mani Sharma]]
|-
| rowspan="10"|2006 || rowspan="2"| ''[[Pokiri]]''|| Gala gala paruthunna
|-
| Jagadame
|-
| [[Stalin (2006 film)|''Stalin'']] || I wanna spyderman
|-
| [[Ranam (2006 film)|''Ranam'']] ||Cheli jabili allipokuma
|-
| ''[[Chukkallo Chandrudu]]'' || Navvuthu Cellphone Laga || [[Chakri (music director)|Chakri]]
|-
| ''[[Thimiru|Pogaru]] (Dubbed version)''|| Rabba rabba || [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
|-
| [[Shock (2006 film)|''Shock'']] || Cycle ekki || [[Ajay and Atul Gogavale|Ajay-Atul]]
|-
| rowspan="3"|''Seetha Ramudu''|| Cheli Chemanthale Pooche ||rowspan="3"| [[Ramana Gogula]]
|-
| Life antha
|-
| Thakadhimi
|-
|rowspan="12"|2007 ||rowspan="2"| ''[[Desamuduru]]''|| Ninne Ninne || rowspan="8"|[[Chakri (composer)|Chakri]]
|-
| Manasule
|-
|rowspan="6"| ''[[Takkari]]''|| Ammi Ammi
|-
| Kobbari Kobbari
|-
| Yele Yele
|-
| Nacho Nacho
|-
| Aa Aa Aa
|-
| Yele Yelele
|-
| rowspan="2"|[[Munna (2007 film)|''Munna'']] || Manasa ||rowspan="2" |[[Harris Jayaraj]]
|-
| Bhaga bhaga
|-
| ''[[Chirutha]]''|| You are my chocobar || [[Mani Sharma]]
|-
| ''[[Dhee (film)|Dhee]]''|| Kanupapaku || [[Chakri (music director)|Chakri]]
|-
| rowspan="23"|2008 || ''[[Bujjigadu]]''|| Manasunte Chala || [[Sandeep Chowta]]
|-
| rowspan="2"|''[[Neninthe]]''|| Nuvvante chacchentha picchi || rowspan="15"|[[Chakri (music director)|Chakri]]
|-
| Veluge varsham
|-
| rowspan="7"|''[[Mr. Medhavi]]'' || Kala Kaadugaa
|-
| O Maguvaa
|-
| Neeli Kanula
|-
| Kallu Kallatho
|-
| Neeti Chinuku
|-
| Love You Raa
|-
| Ningi Nela
|-
| rowspan="6"|[[Maska (2009 film)|''Maska'']] || Hare Hare Rama
|-
| Gunde Godarila
|-
| Kalloki Dilloki
|-
| Kalagannana Kalagannana
|-
| Aa Vaipunna Ee Vaipunna
|-
| Bhagdad Gajadongai Vasta
|-
| ''[[Aadavari Matalaku Arthale Verule]]'' || Cheli chemaku kanulu || [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
|-
| rowspan="6"|''[[Lakshmi Putrudu]]'' || Em Chusi Nanne Nuvvu || rowspan="6"|[[D. Imman]]
|-
| Zee Bhoom Baa
|-
| Sawariya Sawariya
|-
| Ekkadunna Tension Mama
|-
| Adigadigo Toofan
|-
| Em Smile Raa
|-
| rowspan="5"|2010 || rowspan="2"|''[[Baava]]''|| Mila Mila || rowspan="16"|[[Chakri (music director)|Chakri]]
|-
| Nagara Nagara
|-
| ''[[Saradaga Kasepu]]'' || Nee palukula
|-
| rowspan="2"|''[[Yemaindi Ee Vela]]'' || Thunigalle
|-
| Nuvvu Ani
|-
| rowspan="6"|2011 || rowspan="6"| [[Babloo (2011 film)|''Babloo'']] || Theme Song
|-
| Thappo Oppo
|-
| Chikna Chikna
|-
| Nee Navve
|-
| Okkasari
|-
| Nee Intiperu
|-
| rowspan="7"|2012 || [[Devaraya (film)|''Devaraya'']] || Halale Halale
|-
| ''[[Srimannarayana]]''|| Halale Halale
|-
| rowspan="3"| ''[[Thuppakki]]''|| Thakathai thakathai
|-
| Alaika Alaika
|-
| Chinni Chinni
|-
|[[Lovely (2012 film)|''Lovely'']] || Lovely lovely ||rowspan="3" |[[Anoop Rubens]]
|-
| [[Poola Rangadu (2012 film)|''Poola Rangadu'']] || Okkade Okkade
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Sukumarudu]]''|| Thongi Thongi
|-
| rowspan="7"|2014 || rowspan="6"| ''[[Hello Premistara|Hello Premisthara]]''|| Ninna Monna || rowspan="6"|[[Chakri (music director)|Chakri]]
|-
| Yennadu Leni
|-
| Nee Peru Vintene
|-
| Life Ante Travel
|-
| Pokiri
|-
| Dum Dum Dum
|-
| ''[[Lingaa]] (Dubbed version)''|| Mona Mona || [[A. R. Rahman]]
|-
| 2016 || [[Temper (film)|''Temper'']] || One More Time || [[Anup Rubens]]
|-
| rowspan="2"|2018 || rowspan="2"|''[[Needi Naadi Oke Katha]]'' || Edho Jarigem||rowspan="2"| Suresh Bobbili
|-
|Parvathi Tanayudivo
|-
|2022
|''[[Kothala Raayudu|Kothala Rayudu]]''
|O Thalapai
|[[Sunil Kashyap]]
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|2363051}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kandikonda}}
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:Musicians from Telangana]]
[[Category:Telugu-language lyricists]]
[[Category:Indian male songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian songwriters]]
[[Category:Telugu people]]
[[Category:Indian lyricists]]
[[Category:Deaths from cancer in India]]
[[Category:Film people from Telangana]]

W. Chingang Konyak

2025-10-21T11:17:15Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}

'''W. Chingang Konyak''' (born 1963)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=W Chingang Konyak(NDPP):Constituency- WAKCHING (ST)(MON) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Nagaland2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=6807 |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Nagaland]]. He is an MLA from [[Wakching Assembly constituency]], which is reserved for [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]], in [[Mon district|Mon District]]. He won the [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]], representing Naga People's Front.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=Nagaland Assembly Election results 2023: Check full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=Nagaland Election Results 2023: Full List of Winners |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/nagaland-election-results-2023-full-list-of-winners/2997494/ |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Konyak is from Wakching, Mon District, Nagaland. He is the son of P. Weching Konyak. He completed his graduation in 1992 at [[Dimapur]]. His wife is a government employee.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Konyak won from the Wakching constituency representing [[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party]] in the 2023 Nagaland assembly election. He polled 9,166 votes and defeated his nearest rival, M. Honang Jess of the [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]], by 2,733 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=W Chingang Konyak in Nagaland Assembly Elections 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/nagaland/w-chingang-konyak-wakching-candidate-s17a042c001/ |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=Nagaland Election Results 2023: Check full list of constituency-wise winners |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-check-full-list-of-constituency-wise-winners-2341587-2023-03-02 |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Konyak, W. Chingang}}
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Naga People's Front politicians]]
[[Category:Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party politicians]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Mon district]]

{{Nagaland-politician-stub}}

Kana Kaanum Kaalangal (2006 TV series)

2025-10-01T06:50:33Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur:

{{about|the main series|the spin-off series|Kana Kaanum Kaalangal (2022 TV series)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Kana Kaanum Kaalangal Poster.jpg
| caption =
| native_name =
| genre = {{ubl|[[Coming-of-age story|Coming-of-age]]|[[Teen drama|Teen]]|[[Romance film|Romance]]|[[Television comedy|Comedy]]|[[Soap opera]]}}
| creator = S. Ramana Girivasan Bramma
| story = Bramma S.Ramana Girivasan
| screenplay = Bramma S.Ramana Girivasan '''Dialogue''' Bramma Sa.Murali Manohar Sheeba Prabhu S.Ramana Girivasan
| director = {{plainlist|
*Season 1 Prabhu Radhakrishnan
*Season 1, 2 & 3 Kumar Raja
*Season 2, 4 episodes Tamil Bharathi<ref name="L85fL-fF9uw">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L85fL-fF9uw |title=Kana Kanum Kalangal Serial - Vijay Tv 01 |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=13 October 2019 |access-date=21 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="75PvTETBuZk">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75PvTETBuZk |title=Kana Kanum Kalangal Serial - Vijay Tv 02 |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=13 October 2019 |access-date=21 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="v2hCjhNgshw">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2hCjhNgshw |title=Kana Kanum Kalangal Serial - Vijay Tv 03 |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=13 October 2019 |access-date=13 June 2021}}</ref>
*Season 2, 4 episodes G. Anbazhagan
}}
| creative_director =
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Hemalatha]]
*Monisha Ravishankar
*[[Yuthan Balaji]]
*[[Irfan (actor)|Irfan]]
*S. Sheva
*[[Sri (actor)|Sriram]]
*Vignesh Kumar
*Priya Atlee
*Kiran Konda
}}
| theme_music_composer = [[Vijay Antony]]
| composer = C. K. Ganesh
| opentheme =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 499
| executive_producer =
| producer = {{plainlist|
*Season 1 Raghavesh Asthana
*Season 1 & 2 R. Rajeshwari
}}
| cinematography = E. Martin Joe
| editor = {{plainlist|
*A. R. Bennyraj
*Raju
}}
| location = [[Chennai]] [[Kodaikanal]] [[Coimbatore]] [[Trichy]] [[Madurai]] [[Thanjavur]]
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = Approx. 19 minutes
| company = {{plainlist|
*Season 1 - Season 2 Time Frames
}}
| channel = [[Star Vijay]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2006|10|30|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2009|04|28|df=y}}
| related = {{plainlist|
*Kana Kaanum Kaalangal Oru Kallooriyin Kadhai
*Kana Kaanum Kaalangal Kalloori Saalai
*[[Kana Kaanum Kaalangal (2022 TV series)|Kana Kaanum Kaalangal 2022]]
}}
}}
'''''Kana Kaanum Kaalangal''''' ({{translation|''Era of Dreams''}}) is a [[Tamil language|Tamil]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] [[Indian soap opera|soap opera]] that aired in [[Star Vijay]], Monday to Thursday, from 30 October 2006 to 28 April 2009. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k6/oct/oct248.htm |title=Star Vijay is launching a whole new bouquet of shows ranging from music, movies, chat, drama and talent starting 30 October |work=Indian Television Dot Com |publisher=IndianTelevision |date=24 October 2006 |access-date=4 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/stories-from-a-classroom/article2244294.ece | title=Stories from a classroom | work=The Hindu | date=28 April 2007 | access-date=11 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/a-new-talent-hunt/article3190589.ece | title=A new talent hunt | work=[[The Hindu]] | date=10 April 2006 | access-date=22 December 2014}}</ref> It was the first soap in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] television that focused on school life. Due to the success of the show, a sequel called ''Kana Kaanum Kaalangal Kallooriyin Kadhai'' was made.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Teens-rule-on-Tamil-TV-channels/articleshow/17239100.cms | title=Teens rule on Tamil TV channels | publisher=[[The Times of India]] | work=M Suganth | date=16 November 2012 | access-date=22 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article21003.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225103341/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article21003.ece | url-status=dead | archive-date=25 December 2014 | title=A dream come true | publisher=[[The New Indian Express]] | work=Rinku Gupta | date=31 December 2008 | access-date=22 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/time-to-dream/article2238823.ece | title=Time to dream | work=The Hindu | date=10 January 2007 | access-date=12 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/targeting-the-youth/article2279264.ece | title=Targeting the youth | work=The Hindu | date=1 December 2007 | access-date=11 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/the-sequel-begins/article1981822.ece| title=The sequel begins | work=The Hindu | date=1 May 2011 | access-date=11 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/time-to-dream-and-enjoy-humour/article2238952.ece | title=Time to dream and enjoy humour | work=The Hindu | date= 13 January 2007 | access-date=11 December 2014}}</ref> Later another sequel to the serial called ''Kana Kaanum Kalangal Kalloori Saalai'' was also made. Both the sequels focused on college life. It was re-aired on [[Star Vijay Super]] from 16 January 2017, Monday through Friday at 8:00PM.

==Plot==
The story is set in school revolving around 12 students, separated into 2 groups. The plot details the rivalry between these 2 groups and the consequences of this. Everyday happenings of the student life are portrayed in this series to very minute details like healthy competition, fights, family matters, ego, jealousy, love and friendship.

===[[Kana Kaanum Kaalangal Season 1]]===

===[[Kana Kaanum Kaalangal Season 2]]===

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}

===School season===
;Season 1
* [[Hemalatha]] as Raghavi
* S. Sheva (Rishikesh) as Bala (Thala)
* [[Irfan (actor)|Mohamed Irfan]] (Irfan) as Vineeth
* [[Yuthan Balaji]] as Joseph "Joe"
* [[Pandi (actor)|Lingeswaran]] (Black Pandi) as Pandi (Black Pandi)
* Hariharan "Hari" as Krishnamoorthy "Krish"
* Vasudeva Krish Madhusudhan "Madhu" as Pachaiyappan "Pachai"
* Stalin Shanmugavel as Rishi
* Iyappan as Unni Menon "Unni"
* Monisha Ravishankar as Sanghavi
* Kothai as Deepa
* Sheron as Ragini
* Preethi (Pavithra) as Saraswathi "Sis"
* [[Sri (actor)|Sri Ram]] (Sri) as Sri Ram "Sri"
* Kiran Konda as Madan
* Dinesh Prabhakaran "Dinesh" as Rakesh "Rocky"
* Sarath as Lingeswaran "Lingu"
* Ravikumar as Aadhi
* Ramesh Appunu as Thomas "Tom"
* Krishna Priya "Priya Atlee" as Priya
* [[Bhanu Chander]] as Rajendran, Sanghavi's father and Raghavi's adopted father
* [[Rekha Harris|Rekha]] as Lakshmi, Sanghavi's mother and Raghavi's adopted mother
* Raghavendran Ravi as Pulikesi (Puli Gates/Sullan)
* [[Gadam Kishan|Sriram Chandrasekar]] (Gadam Kishan) as Ramakrishnan "Kichcha"/(Kishan)
* Poornima as Karthika "Karthi"
* Haritha as Mintu
* Vaishnavi as Mano
* Chander as a school student
* Sabarna as a school student
* Ilavarasan as Raghavi's biological father
* [[Meera Krishnan]] as Raghavi's biological mother
* [[Aadukalam Naren|Naren]] (Aadukalam Naren) as Chidambaram, correspondent
* Anbazhagan "Anbu" as PT Peeli Sivam, PT master
* [[Lollu Sabha Jeeva|Jeeva]] as Jeeva, biology teacher
* Kalpana Sri as Madhavi, principal
* Raviraj as Gabriel Arokyaraj, Joseph's father & chemistry teacher
* [[Senthi Kumari]] as teacher
* S. R. Kaviya Varshini Arun as Bharathi, English teacher
* [[Saakshi Siva]] as Vineeth's father
* [[Peeli Sivam]] as Moorthy
* Brindha Das as Vineeth's mother
* Ramana Ramakrishnan as Bala's father
* Nesan as Deepa's brother-in-law
* Jhayasundari as Deepa' mother
* Sachin as Bala's brother
* [[Kuyili (actress)|Kuyili]] as Jeeva's mother
* [[Shylaja Chetlur]] as Krishnamoorthy's mother
* Engineer Srinivasan as Rajendran's father
* Kousalya Senthamarai as Rajammal, Rajendran's mother
* S. Ramakrishnan as Bala's father
* Rathnaraj as Kathiresan, police Inspector
* [[Chelladurai]] as Pandi's father
* Shobana as Pandi's mother
* Theni Murugan as Murugan, Pachaiyappan's father and school sweeper
* Sumathi Sri as Kamakshi, Pachaiyappan's mother
* [[Pasi Sathya]] as Pandi's aunt
* Minnal Deepa as PT Peeli Sivam's wife
* Suchithra as Ramya, Raghavi's sister
* Ganesh Babu as teacher
* Jayakanthan as Shanmuganathan, teacher
* Karnaa Radha as teacher
* Vincent as Vincent, teacher
* Birla Bose as police inspector
* Vinoth as Ilam Parithi
* Rangadhurai (Rajaguru) as Jeevan group's PT master
* [[Udayaraj|Master Udayaraj]] as mechanic
* [[Sivakarthikeyan]] as himself (special appearance)
* [[Cheran (director)|Cheran]] as himself (special appearance)
* [[Deepak Dinkar]] as himself (special appearance)
* Venkat as Himself (special appearance)
* [[Divyadharshini]] "DD" as herself (special appearance)
* Nisha Venkat as herself (special appearance)
* Sruthi as herself (special appearance)
* [[Nancy Jennifer]] as herself (special appearance)
* [[Swaminathan]] as Gaja/Aalaiyamani (Temple bell) (special appearance)
* Gowthami Vembunathan as herself (special appearance)
* Athul Prasanth (special appearance)
* Savio (special appearance)

;Season 2
* [[Sri (actor)|Sri Ram]] "Sri" as Sri Ram "Sri"
* Vignesh Kumar "Vicky Krish" as Vignesh "Vicky"
* Kiran Konda as Madan
* Dinesh Prabhakaran "Dinesh" as Rakesh "Rocky"
* Ravikumar as Aadhi
* Ramesh Appunu as Thomas "Tom"
* Krishna Priya "Priya Atlee" as Priya
* Hema as Hema
* [[Michael Thangadurai]] as Michael Varadharaj
* Raghavendran Ravi as Pulikesi "Puli"(Puli Gates/Sullan)
* Jhony as Jhony
* Prabhu as Prabhu
* Udhay as Udhay
* [[Gadam Kishan|Sriram Chandrasekar]] (Gadam Kishan) as Ramakrishnan "Kichcha"/(Kishan)
* Monica
* [[Hemalatha]] as Raghavi
* [[Pandi (actor)|Ligeswaran]] (Black Pandi) as Pandi (Black Pandi)
* Vasudeva Krish Madhusudhan "Madhu" as Pachaiyappan "Pachai"
* Stalin Shanmugavel as Rishi
* Iyappan as Unni Menon "Unni"
* Bhavya Rajan as Bhavya
* Venkat Renganathan as a student
* Azhagappan as a student
* [[Bala Saravanan]] as a student
* Anandhi Ajay as a student
* Sri Vidya Nagarajan as a student
* Anbazhagan "Anbu" as PT Peeli Sivam
* [[Jeeva Ravi|R. Raveendran]] "R. Ravi"/(Jeeva Ravi) as Sri Ram, Vignesh and Bhavya's father
* Y. V. Subaramaniam as Correspondent
* Deepa Nethran as Vicky and Bhavya's mother and Sri Ram's step mother
* Usha Elizabeth as Sri Ram's mother and Vignesh and Bhavya's step mother
* Kamal Haasan (Kamal Bharathi) as Kamal Haasan, English teacher
* Raviraj as Gabriel Arokyaraj, principal
* Rathnaraj as police inspector
* [[Chelladurai]] as Pandi's father
* Theni Murugan as Murugan, Pachaiyappan's father and school sweeper
* [[Siva Narayana Murthy|Pattukkottai Sivanarayana Moorthy]] as Pulikesi's grandfather
* Varalakshmi as Pulikesi's grandmother
* [[Suryakanth]] as Pechiyammal's father and Pandi's uncle
* Vinoth (Larawin) as Larawin, dance master<ref>{{cite web |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=8YF0jPKUGI4 |title=சினிமாவை விட்டுட்டேன்... வேலைக்குப் போறேன்! - Choreographer Vinoth Emotional Interview |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=6 September 2021 |access-date=28 January 2022}}</ref>
* Vincent as Vincent, teacher
* Birla Bose as a police inspector
* [[Sivakarthikeyan]] as himself (special appearance)
* [[Shreekumar]] "Shree" as himself (special appearance)
* Dev Anand as himself (special appearance)
* [[Tinku (actor)|Tinku]] as himself (special appearance)
* [[Divyadharshini]] "DD" as herself (special appearance)
* [[Swaminathan]] as Gaja/Aalaiyamani (Temple bell) (special appearance)
* Roopesh as himself (special appearance)<ref name="L85fL-fF9uw" /><ref name="75PvTETBuZk" /><ref name="v2hCjhNgshw" />

===College season===
;Season 1
* [[Karthik Raj]] as Karthikeyan "Karthi"
* Prem Kumar "Prem" (Vetri) as Vetri
* Sai Pramodita as Jeyalaxmi "Jeya"
* Swetha Krishnan as Swetha
* Swetha Subramanian as Jyothika "Jyo"
* [[Bala Saravanan]] as Bala
* [[Ramesh Thilak]] in a dual role as Azhagesan alias Al Gates(Protagonist)and Sanjay (Antagonist)
* Chathrien Rajan as Chathri "Kathadi"
* Franklin as Appu
* [[Vishnu (TV actor)|Vishnu Vijay]] (Vishnu) as Ashokan "Ashok"
* [[Haripriya Isai]] as Priya
* Ganesh Prabhu as Saravanan "Saravnana"
* [[Nisha Krishnan]] as Divya
* Jacqueline Prakash as Nila
* Rajani Ravikumar as Rajini
* Harini as Harini
* Laddu Vidya as Vidya (Laddu)
* Sandhya as Sandhya
* Monalisa as Monalisa
* Mithra as Mithra
* Kushboo as Thamizharasi
* Sakthi as Sakthi
* [[Black Pandi|Lingeswaran]] (Black Pandi) as Thangappandi
* Dinesh as Rakesh "Rocky"
* Raghavendran as Jakkubhai "Jakku"
* [[Gadam Kishan|Sriram Chandrasekar]] (Gadam Kishan)
* Karthick Vasudevan "Vasu" as Vasu
* Madhan Pandian "Madhan" as Madhan
* Bala Krishnan "Bala" as Inba
* [[Sindhu Shyam]] as correspondent
* [[Suzane George]] as a lecturer
* [[S. Rajasekar]] as Rajasekar
* Raviraj as a lecturer
* [[Jeeva Ravi|R. Raveendran]] "R. Ravi" (Jeeva Ravi) as Manohar, secretary
* Thirumurugan Duraisamy as Thiru (Sullan)
* [[Halwa Vasu]]
* [[Suryakanth]] as MLA, Thangapandi's father
* [[Vadivel Balaji]]
* [[Robo Shankar]]
* T. Sivakumar (Pasanga Sivakumar) as Saravanan's father
* Usha Elizabeth as Elizabeth
* Dhanasekaran (Mullai)
* Monkey Ravi
* [[Ananth Vaidyanathan]] as himself (special appearance)
* Divya Vijaygopal as herself (special appearance)
* [[Sathish Krishnan]] as himself (special appearance in the title song)

;Season 2
* Prem Kumar "Prem" (Vetri) as Vetri
* [[Kavin (actor)|Kavirajan]] (Kavin Raj/Kavin) as Siva
* [[Rio Raj]] as Palani
* [[Raju Jeyamohan]] as Jeevanantham "Jeeva"
* RJ Shivakanth as Kathiresan "Kathir"
* Asritha Sreedas as Sandhya
* Vaishali Radhakrishnan (Swetha) as Vaishali
* Sai Gayatri Bhuvanesh as Manjula
* Rishika Suman as Stella
* Abinaya as Thenu
* [[Sanchana Natarajan]] as Sanjana
* Britto Mano as Britto
* Pavel Mani as Mani
* Sridhar as Raghunath, college correspondent/Shiva and Vetri's father
* Deepa Nethran as Lakshmi, lecturer/Shiva's mother and Vetri's stepmother
* Lakshmi as Vetri's mother and Shiva's stepmother
* Pooja as Pooja, lecturer
* T. V. V. Ramanujam as Kathir's father
* Shobana as Kathir's mother
* Boys Rajan as Menon principal
* [[Halwa Vasu]] as Vasu
* [[Suryakanth]] as Palani's father
* Shiva Aravind as Shiva{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
The title song was composed by the music director [[Vijay Antony]] and the background score was composed by C. .K. Ganesh with lyrics written by Thenmozhi Das. The title song video was directed by Shiran Mather.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5mqHHthw4Uw |title=Kana Kaanum Kaalangal _Title Song - மலரும் நினைவுகள் |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=27 September 2009 |access-date=25 July 2021}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Kanavugal Kaanum Vayasuachu
| lyrics1 = Thenmozhi Das
| music1 = [[Vijay Antony]]
| extra1 = [[C. Sathya]], Maya
| length1 = 3:31
| title2 = Farewell Anthem
| lyrics2 = [[Kannadasan]], [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]], Thenmozhi Das
| music2= C. K. Ganesh
| extra2 =
| length2 = 3:04
| title3 = Collegeuda Teenageuda
| lyrics3 = [[Yugabharathi]]
| music3= Hari Krishna
| extra3 = [[Aalap Raju]]
| length3 = 3:15
| title4 = Unnai Kanda Naalil Thane
| lyrics4 = Arun Raja
| music4= M. Britto
| extra4 = [[Ajesh]], Santhosh, Ragini, Pooja
| length4 =
}}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable" width="90%"
|- bgcolor="blue"
!style="width:25pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Year
!style="width:80pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Award
!style="width:120pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Category
!style="width:60pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Recipient
!style="width:60pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Role
!style="width:40pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Result
|-
|rowspan="2" | 2014
| rowspan="2" | [[Vijay Television Awards]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/Vijay-Television-awards-launched/articleshow/35617411.cms|title= Vijay Television Awards launched|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
| Favourite Fiction Series
| Kana Kaanum Kaalangal
|
| {{Won}}
|-
| Favourite Comedian Fiction
| [[Pandi (actor)|Lingeswaran]]
| Black Pandi
| {{Nominated}}
|}

==Production==
===Casting===
[[Star Vijay]] conducted a talent search and students between 14 and 22 years were shortlisted and selected for the serial except [[Hemalatha]] and [[Pandi (actor)|Ligeswaran]], who had prior acting experience. All others were students who were acting for the first time to make the serial as close to reality as possible.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/a-rare-chance/article2272360.ece | title=A rare Chance | newspaper=The Hindu | date=4 May 2007 | access-date=11 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news/july-07-01/03-07-07-vijay.html | title=The Sivaji of Television | publisher=www.behindwoods.com | date=3 July 2007 | access-date=11 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=SdDExsneHww&feature=youtu.be |title=Old Memories of Kana Kanum Kalangal |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=14 May 2020 |access-date=18 June 2021}}</ref> Following the success of season 1 of the series, season 2 was started with fresh new faces and were promoted to 12th standard. When the producer and director announced the interview for the selection of the cast for second season, it was said that nearly 2000 applicants applied and they had a very tough time in short listing the participants in the selection.

===Filming===
This series was filmed in [[Chennai]], [[Kodaikanal]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Trichy]], [[Madurai]], [[Thanjavur]], [[Nagapattinam]], [[Rameswaram]] & [[Tiruchendur|Sinthamani]].

==Reception==
Kana Kaanum Kaalangal went on to top the TRP ratings among the other Tamil serials during its telecast.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nettv4u.com/about/Tamil/tv-serials/kana-kaanum-kalangal-kalloori-saalai |title=Tamil TV Serial Kana Kaanum Kalangal |publisher=NetTV4u |date=18 July 2021 |access-date=19 July 2021}}</ref> In 2007, the series had recorded its highest rating of 7.7 TVR in [[Chennai]] which helped to increase [[Star Vijay]]'s average channel share by 16.4 per cent in Chennai and the series was in the leading position among the other Tamil serials which were telecasted during the same time slot, achieving an average channel share by 16.2 per cent in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/'kaana-kaanum-kaalangal'-gives-vijay-tv-a-high-26509.html |title='Kaana Kaanum Kaalangal' gives Star Vijay a high |publisher=Exchange4Media |date=8 August 2019 |access-date=19 July 2021}}</ref>

In June 2007, the series had completed its 100th episode. In order to celebrate the milestone that the series had achieved, a live chat was organized on indya.com through which the fans got an opportunity to interact with the team members of the series. On 10 June 2007, Star Vijay had also organized a fan meet for the series "Kana Kaanum Kaalangal Carnival" at [[St. George's School, Chennai]]. The carnival had witnessed more than thousands of fans who had gathered to meet the lead actors and actresses of the series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.southdreamz.com/46442/vijay-tvs-kana-kaanum-kaalangal-with-fresh-new-faces/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130918044430/http://www.southdreamz.com/46442/vijay-tvs-kana-kaanum-kaalangal-with-fresh-new-faces |url-status=usurped |archive-date=18 September 2013 |title=Star Vijay's Kana Kaanum Kaalangal – with fresh new faces |publisher=SouthDreamz |date=9 September 2012 |access-date=19 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kollyinsider.com/2012/09/vijay-tvs-kaana-kaanum-kaalangal-with.html |title=Star Vijay's Kana Kaanum Kaalangal – with fresh new faces |publisher=KollyInsider |date=8 September 2012 |access-date=19 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/television/kana-kaanum-kalangal-series-15-year-memories |title=Kana Kaanum Kaalangal Series 15 Year Memories |publisher=[[Vikatan]] |date=8 July 2021 |access-date=19 July 2021}}</ref>

==Legacy==
Kana Kaanum Kaalangal was a trendsetter series in Tamil television in many ways since almost all the artists of the series were fresh faces for whom the series was their 1st acting assignment or they had earlier appeared as child artists/uncredited extras in serials or movies. The artists for the lead characters were selected by a talent hunt conducted by [[Star Vijay]] with a judge panel consisting of [[Praveen Gandhi]], [[Vasu Vikram]] and Prabhu Radhakrishnan, moreover, an acting workshop was also conducted by [[Kalairani]] for the artists who were selected to play the lead characters. This series marked the debut of many artists as well as technicians for whom the series became a major breakthrough following its grand success. Most of the artists from the series continued to work in lead/supporting roles in serials/cinema and became successful in various other domains of media and arts as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/kana-kaanum-kaalangal-reunion-special-show-to-air-on-july-18/articleshow/84470194.cms |title=Kana Kaanum Kaalangal Reunion special show to air on July 18 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=18 July 2021 |access-date=19 July 2021}}</ref>

After 15 years of the series commencement, the grand reunion of the artists from the series from various seasons was aired as a special show on 18 July 2021 on Star Vijay.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Chennaivision |url=https://chennaivision.com/star-vijay-kana-kaanum-kalangal-reunion-18th-july-3-pm/ |title=Star Vijay- Kana Kaanum Kaalangal Reunion – 18th July 3 PM |work=Tamil News | Online Tamilnadu News | Tamil Cinema News | Chennai News | Chennai Power shutdown Today | Chennai Vision |publisher=Chennai Vision |date=16 July 2021 |access-date=19 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/kana-kaanum-kaalangal-reunion-now-has-a-release-date-nostalgic-promo-unveiled.html |title=Kana Kaanum Kaalangal Reunion now has a Release Date! Nostalgic Promo Unveiled! |publisher=Behindwoods |date=15 July 2021 |access-date=19 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/photos/kana-kaanum-kaalangal-reunion-will-be-aired-on-star-vijay-oi64662.html |title=Kana Kaanum Kaalangal Reunion will be Aired on Star Vijay |publisher=OneIndia Tamil |date=16 July 2021 |access-date=19 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Tamil |first1=Hindu |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/692365-kanaa-kaanum-kaalangal-actors-reunion.html |title=Kana Kaanum Kaalangal Actors Reunion after 15 Years |work=Hindu Tamil Thisai |publisher=[[The Hindu]] Tamil |date=19 July 2021 |access-date=19 July 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|11492864}}

{{STAR Vijay TV shows}}

[[Category:Star Vijay original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language school television series]]
[[Category:Tamil-language teen television series]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romance television series]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:2006 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:2009 Tamil-language television series endings]]

Jivan Palto

2025-09-18T18:54:33Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: Put up data

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jivan Palto
| image =
| caption = Poster
| director = Hiralal Doctor, Amritlal Thakar<ref name=":0" />
| writer = Hiralal Doctor, Jayantilal Sanghvi (story), Hiralal Doctor,(screenplay)<ref name=":0" />
| based_on =
| producer = Jayantilal Sanghvi<ref name=":0" />
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Nirupa Roy]]
* Hasmukhkumar
* Kalpana Kumari
* Kesharbai
}}
| cinematography =
| editing =
| music = [[Avinash Vyas]]<ref name=":0" />
| studio = Vanguard Pictures<ref name=":0" />
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1948}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Gujarati
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Jivan Palto''''' is 1948 Indian [[Gujarati cinema|Gujarati]] social drama film directed by Hiralal Doctor and Amritlal Thakar.<ref name=":0" />

==Plot==
The plot is based on Gandhian principles and the upliftment of the fallen.<ref name=":0" />

==Cast==
The principal cast is as follows:<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last=Raghuvanshi |first=Harish |title=જીવનપલટો (1948) |url=https://gujarativishwakosh.org/%e0%aa%9c%e0%ab%80%e0%aa%b5%e0%aa%a8%e0%aa%aa%e0%aa%b2%e0%aa%9f%e0%ab%8b-1948/ |website=[[Gujarati Vishwakosh]]|language=gu}}</ref>
* [[Nirupa Roy]]
* Hasmukhkumar
* Kalpana Kumari
* Kesharbai
Supporting cast include:

* Kokila
* Baburaje
* Amubai
* Saudamini
* Shanti Madhok
* Pandey
* Niranjan
* Shyam Sundar
* Suryakant
* Natwarlal Chauhan
* Gangaram
* Dinesh Padia
* Leela Jayvant
* Kamla
* Madhu Pathak

==Soundtrack==
"Garbo Ghumto Re Aavyo, Azadi Ne Aangan" is a [[garba (dance)|garba]] song celebrating the joy of independence of India. [[Raghunath Brahmbhatt]]'s song "Rasjyoti Hati Tara Naynama, Mara Nayanona Aavi Samai Gai," originally written for a play but included in the film, became popular. "Mara Khiliya Re Suman Keri Pankhadi, Aaj Sasariye Jay Mari Rankadi" is a song of a bride's farewell. The marching song "Ay Hind Teri Shaan Ka Chamka Hai Sitara" describes the life of [[Mahatma Gandhi]].<ref name=":0" />
{{Infobox album
| name = Jivan Palto
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Avinash Vyas]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1948
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| label =
| producer =
| misc =
}}
{{track listing
| headline =Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
|all_music= [[Avinash Vyas]]<ref name=":0" />
|all_lyrics= Avinash Vyas, [[Raghunath Brahmbhatt]], Pandit Swarup Vyas, Pandit Balam<ref name=":0" />

| title1 = Garbo Ghumto Re Aavyo, Azadi Ne Aangan
| extra1 =
| length1 =

| title2 = Rasjyoti Hati Tara Naynama, Mara Nayanona Aavi Samai Gai
| extra2 =
| length2 =

| title3 = Ay Hind Teri Shaan Ka Chamka Hai Sitara
| extra3 =
| length3 =
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Gujarati Vishwakosh}}

[[Category:1948 films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:1948 drama films]]
[[Category:1940s Gujarati-language films]]

Yadavarya

2025-09-05T16:11:35Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: Put up details...

{{short description|Hindu scholar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox Hindu leader
|image =
|caption =
| name =Bidarahalli Yadavarya
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
|birth_name = Bidarahalli Yadupati Acharya (Yadappa Nayak)
| birth_place = Yekkundi, [[Saundatti|Saundatti taluk]], [[Belgaum district]], [[Karnataka]], India
| birth_date = 1580
| death_date = 1630
| death_place =
| honors =
| guru = [[Vedesa Tirtha]]
| disciples = [[Bidarahalli Srinivasa Tirtha]], Sarkara Srinivasa, Lingeri Srinivasa{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=575}}
| philosophy = [[Dvaita Vedanta]]
}}
{{DvaitaInfobox}}

'''Bidarahalli Yadupati Acharya''' (popularly known as '''Yadavarya''' or '''Yadavaryaru''') (also known as '''Yadavacharya''') (c. 1580 - c. 1630) was an Indian [[Hindu]] scholar in the [[Dvaita Vedanta|Dvaita Vedānta]] tradition. He is the follower of [[Uttaradi Math]] and the disciple of [[Vedesa Tirtha]].{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=466}}

==Life==
According to hagiographies, Yadupati was born in [[Kannada language|Kannada]]-speaking [[Deshastha Brahmin]] family in 1580 in a village called Yekkundi which is located in Saundatti taluk of Belgaum district. His father name is Yadappayya.{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=466}} His cousin [[Bidarahalli Srinivasa Tirtha]], who is also his disciple was also a Tikakara who composed many works.<ref>{{cite book|title=Vijayanagara: History and Legacy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLFuAAAAMAAJ|author=Sakkottai Krishnaswami Aiyangar|publisher=Aryan Books International|year=2000|page=318|isbn = 9788173051685}}</ref>{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=495}}

==Works==
There have been many works accredited to Yadavarya, most of which are glosses, polemical tracts and commentaries. His gloss on ''Tattva Sankhyana'' of [[Madhva]] runs to 300 granthas. He also made a commentary on ''Tattvoddyota'' of [[Madhva]]. His ''Nyayasudha Tippani'' by the nane "Yadupatya", a commentary on ''Nyayasudha'' of [[Jayatirtha]] is the most important of his works.{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=466}} This commentary is distinctly anterior to that of [[Raghavendra Tirtha]] and also perhaps to that of [[Vidyadhisha Tirtha]]. He tried to overthrow the objection raised by a critic [[Appayya Dikshita]] alleging misrepresentations of the [[Mīmāṃsā]]ka view in ''[[Anuvyakhyana]]'' of [[Madhva]]. Yadupati made two commentaries on the Bhagavata, a work on ''Bhagvata Tatparya Nirnaya'' of [[Madhva]] and a work on [[Bhagavata Purana]]. He also wrote a commentary on ''Yamakabharata''. There are few minor works ascribed to him one is a commentary on ''[[Sadachara Smruti]]'' of [[Madhva]] and other are praise-poems Vishnu Stotra, Karavalambana Stotra, Daridra Hara Stotra, and Vedavyasa Gadya.{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=467}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|title = A History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta and Its Literature, Vol 1. 3rd Edition|first = B. N. Krishnamurti| last = Sharma| publisher=Motilal Banarsidass (2008 Reprint) |isbn = 978-8120815759| year= 2000 }}
*{{Cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of Indian philosophies, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J_DrAAAAIAAJ|first=Gerald James|last=Larson|publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies|year=1970}}
*{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies: Dvaita Vedanta Philosophy (Vol- XVIII)|first=Karl H.|last=Potter|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers|year=2015|isbn=978-8120836464}}

==External links==
*[https://archive.org/details/DaridryaHaraStotramYadupatiAcharyaSanskrit/mode/2up Daridrya Hara Stotra (Sanskrit)]
*[https://archive.org/details/KaravalambanaStotraSriYadupatiAcharyaSanskrit/mode/2up Karavalambana Stotra (Sanskrit)]

[[Category:Madhva religious leaders]]
[[Category:Dvaitin philosophers]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian philosophers]]

Dhandhor

2025-09-05T13:27:40Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: creating new data

{{About|the community of India|the village|Dhador}}
{{Short description|Yadav Subgroup}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{use Indian English|date=March 2025}}

'''Dhandhor'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Pandey |first=Shyam Manohar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kanYAAAAMAAJ&q=Dhandhor |title=The Hindi oral epic Canainī: the tale of Lorik and Candā |date=1982 |publisher=Sahitya Bhawan |language=hi}}</ref> or '''Dharhor''' is a subdivision of the [[Yadav]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] in India.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LHEZAQAAMAAJ&q=Dharhor |title=India Today |date=1994 |publisher=Aroon Purie for Living Media India Limited |language=en}}</ref> The Dharhors claim to have been the first settlers of the Senapur village of [[Jaunpur district]], in modern day [[Uttar Pradesh]], and it may be that they had the responsibility of protecting the original [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]] settlers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Planalp |first=Jack M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1HdLF0_8ndYC&q=dharhors |title=Religious Life and Values in a North Indian Village |date=1956 |publisher=Cornell University |language=en}}</ref> They are the second-most represented subcastes of [[Yadav|Yadavs]] in [[Purvanchal]] (eastern region of [[Uttar Pradesh]]) after the Gwalvanshi Ahir sub-caste.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradesh (India) |first=Uttar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zQJDAAAAYAAJ |title=Uttar Pradesh District Gazetteers: Gorakhpur |date=1985 |publisher=Government of Uttar Pradesh |language=en}}</ref> They are also populated in [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Bihar]] and [[Chhattisgarh]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=सिन्हा |first=मीनाक्षी |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zx4bAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0 |title=मिथिला के यादव |date=1993 |publisher=Mahārājā Lakshmīśvara Siṃha Risarca Sosāiṭī |language=hi}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The word ''Dhandhor'' etymologically signifies "one whose wealth lies in cattle" being derived from ''dhan''; wealth and ''dhor''; hoofed cattle.<ref>{{Cite book |last=General |first=India Office of the Registrar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZL_UAAAAMAAJ&q=Dhandhor+euphemism |title=Census of India, 1961: Himachal Pradesh |date=1962 |publisher=Manager of Publications |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
Dhandhor (Darhore) have migrated from Dundak ([[Dandakaranya|Dandak]]) forests of [[Central India|Central]]-[[South India|South]] India.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Session |first=North East India History Association |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i9uAAAAMAAJ&q=Dundak+Khatick |title=Proceedings of North East India History Association |date=1989 |publisher=The Association |language=en}}</ref>{{better source|reason=snippet view|date=March 2025}}

== Culture ==
In the areas where [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Magahi language|Magahi]] and [[Chhattisgarhi]] dialects are spoken three clans of [[Ahir]] dominate i.e. Dhandhor, Gwal and [[Krishnaut]] and it is these three main groups alone who continue the tradition of the Chanainī or [[Lorikayan|Loriki]] singing.<ref name=":0" /> The buffalo-breeder/grazier Ahirs were called Dhandhors.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hasan |first1=Amir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZjJnSGTwTRUC&q=Dhadhor |title=People of India: The Communities: Gaddi-Muslim Teli |last2=Das |first2=J. C. |last3=Rizvi |first3=Baqr Raza |date=2004 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-81-7304-114-3 |language=en}}</ref> They sell milk, curd and similar items.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pandey |first=Shyam Manohar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kanYAAAAMAAJ&q=Danhors+sell+milk+only+curd |title=The Hindi oral epic Canainī: the tale of Lorik and Candā |date=1982 |publisher=Sahitya Bhawan |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
*{{cite book|last1=Coccari|first1=Diane Marjorie|title=The Bir Babas of Banaras: an analysis of a folk deity in North Indian Hinduism|date=1986|publisher=University of Wisconsin--Madison|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1QFtAAAAMAAJ}}

[[Category:Social groups of Uttar Pradesh]]

{{India-ethno-stub}}

Madhuri Pawar

2025-09-04T20:10:35Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur:

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{COI|date=March 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Madhuri Pawar
| image =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1993|3|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Satara (city)|Satara]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| education = KIT's Institute of Management Education and Research
| occupation = {{Hlist|Actress|model|dancer|choreographer}}
| known_for =
| television =
| mother = Kalpana Pawar
| father = Jotiram Pawar
| awards =
| website = {{URL|madhuripawar.com}}
}}

'''Madhuri Pawar''' (born 21 March 1993) is an Indian actress, dancer, model and television personality who appears in [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Hindi]] and [[Kannada]] language films.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-17 |title=Madhuri Pawar pays tribute to late actress Smita Patil on her birth anniversary with iconic 'Jait Re Jait' Look |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/madhuri-pawar-pays-tribute-to-late-actress-smita-patil-on-her-birth-anniversary-with-iconic-jait-re-jait-look/articleshow/104497619.cms |access-date=2024-03-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name="DOB">{{Cite web |date=2024-01-06 |title=Dancer-actress Madhuri Pawar Buys Her Dream Home, Shares Glimpses Of Grihapravesh |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/dancer-actress-madhuri-pawar-buys-her-dream-home-shares-glimpses-of-grihapravesh-8730178.html |access-date=2024-03-02 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> She started her career as a winner of reality show ''Apsara Aali''. As an actress, she has starred as a lead in film ''[[London Misal]]'' (2023). She also get famed for her webseries ''[[RaanBaazaar]]'' (2022) played lead character.<ref>{{Cite web |title=RaanBaazaar streams on Planet Marathi: Who plays what in the much-awaited Marathi series featuring Tejaswini Pandit |url=https://www.ottplay.com/photo-gallery/raanbaazaar-streams-on-planet-marathi-who-plays-what-in-the-much-awaited-marathi-series-featuring-tejaswini-pandit/1399e08b60899 |access-date=2024-03-02 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>

Madhuri pawar is one of the famous personality in India and mainly for Maharashtra’s youth sensation. She is famous for her key role named "Chanda" in [[Devmanus 2]] (2021) on [[Zee Marathi]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-05 |title=Devmanus actress Madhuri Pawar buys her dream home, performs griha pravesh Puja with family |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/devmanus-actress-madhuri-pawar-buys-her-dream-home-performs-griha-pravesh-puja-with-family/articleshow/106577736.cms |access-date=2024-03-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She set a benchmark of cameo role for her lead character in [[Tujhyat Jeev Rangala]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhirvandekar |first=Harshada |title=Madhuri Pawar: 'तुझ्यात जीव रंगला' फेम अभिनेत्रीवर कोसळला दुःखाचा डोंगर; 'या' जवळच्या व्यक्तीचे निधन |url=https://marathi.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/madhuri-pawar-brother-passed-away-actress-share-emotional-post-on-social-media-141697102733981.html |access-date=2024-03-02 |website=Hindustan Times Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Madhuri Pawar was born on 21 March 1993<ref name="DOB"/> into Marathi speaking family in [[Satara (city)|Satara]] to Kalpana and Jotiram Pawar. She has a younger brother. Who has died In 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-12 |title=माधुरी पवारच्या भावाचे निधन, अभिनेत्रीने शेअर केली भावुक पोस्ट; म्हणाली, "तुझ्या असण्याची इतकी सवय झाली आहे की..." {{!}} dancer madhuri pawar brother akshay passed away actress shared emotional post |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/dancer-madhuri-pawar-brother-akshay-passed-away-actress-shared-emotional-post-hrc-97-3979807/ |access-date=2024-03-02 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref> She kindled an interest in Dance and Acting<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-16 |title=वेडात वीर दौडले सात : महेश मांजरेकरांच्या चित्रपटात माधुरी पवार हिची वर्णी |url=https://pudhari.news/soneri/462018/madhuri-pawar-will-role-play-of-mahesh-manjarekar-veer-doudale-saat-movie/ar |access-date=2024-03-02 |website=पुढारी |language=mr-IN}}</ref> at an early age of five and went for many dancing and acting competitions. Pawar completed her high school education at Kanya Vidyalaya. Karanje peth Satara.apart from her studies, she participated in extra curricular activities, such as dramatics, sport. She enrolled at The KITIMER at Kolhapur where she studied MBA with two specialisation, HR and system. She had experience of lecturer at architecture College for two year. Pawar decided to discontinue her job and pursue a full-time career in films and television.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-30 |title=Madhuri Pawar : माधुरी पवारचा आजवर न पाहिलेला बोल्ड अंदाज, पाण्यात केलं हॉट फोटोशूट |url=https://pudhari.news/soneri/390223/madhuri-pawar-black-outfit-bold-photoshoot-in-the-water/ar |access-date=2024-03-02 |website=पुढारी |language=mr-IN}}</ref>

== Acting career ==
She announced her upcoming movie, ''[[Vedat Marathe Veer Daudle Saat]]'' directed and produced by [[Mahesh Manjrekar]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-15 |title=Madhuri Pawar bags a key role in Mahesh Manjrekar's 'Vedat Marathe Veer Daudale Saat': Report |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/madhuri-pawar-bags-a-key-role-in-mahesh-manjrekars-vedat-marathe-veer-daudale-saat-report/articleshow/97936577.cms |access-date=2024-03-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She was featured in ''Fanjar'' film as well.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-25 |title=Fanjar Makers Release Teaser on Madhuri Pawar's Birthday |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/fanjar-makers-release-teaser-on-madhuri-pawars-birthday-4908176.html |access-date=2024-03-02 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pawar, Madhuri}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian female models]]
[[Category:Indian choreographers]]
[[Category:1991 births]]
[[Category:Marathi actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]

Murshidabad College of Engineering & Technology

2025-09-04T10:10:12Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: fixed issues

{{more citations needed|date=October 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox college
| name = Murshidabad College of Engineering & Technology
| image =
| type = College
| established = {{start date and age|1998}}
| address = ITI More, [[Banjetia]]
| city = [[Baharampur|Berhampore]], [[Murshidabad]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| country = [[India]]
| postcode = 742102
| coordinates = {{coord|24.1015048|N|88.2845885|E|region:IN-WB_type:edu|display=title,inline}}
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India
| campus = Semi-urban
| principal =
| affiliations = [[Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology]]
| free_label = Approvals
| free = [[AICTE]]
| website = http://mcetbhb.net
| logo =
| logo_size = 150px
| logo_alt =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Murshidabad College of Engineering & Technology''' (MCET), is a college located in [[Baharampur|Berhampore]], [[West bengal|West Bengal]], [[India]]. It offers [[Bachelor of Technology]] (B.Tech.) at the undergraduate level operated under [[Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology]],<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Colleges & Its Courses Affiliated by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal (formerly West Bengal University of Technology) for the Academic Year 2020-2021 (As on 27.07.2020) |url=https://makautwb.ac.in/big_files/College%20list-2020-21-27-07-2020.pdf |website=Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology |access-date=4 September 2025}}</ref> affiliated to [[All India Council for Technical Education]] (AICTE).

The college was established in 1998 with the approval of AICTE and affiliated to [[Kalyani University]] with 120 students in 3 disciplines. After six months, it was shifted to its own campus where the Laboratories, Workshops, Classrooms, Library, Computer Centers and Hostels are all currently located.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mcetbhb.net/#|title=The Murshidabad College of Engineering and Technology|website=mcetbhb.net|access-date=2 May 2017}}</ref>

== History ==
The college was established with the help of Mr. Nripen Chowdhury, the then Sabhadhipati, Murshidabad Zill Parisad. On 8 August 1998 the formal inauguration was made by Dr. [[Asim Dasgupta]], Ex- Minister-in-Charge, Finance, [[Government of West Bengal]]. The college was shifted to its present location and was formally started on 4 August 2001, by Mr. [[Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee]], the then Hon'ble Chief Minister of West Bengal, This college getting financial help from TEQUIP.

==Courses offered==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ '''Undergraduate Programmes'''<ref>{{cite web |title=INSTITUTE PROFILE AT A GLANCE|url=https://wbjeeb.in/assets/ALPG/PVTENGG/MURCET.pdf |website=wbjeeb.in |access-date=4 September 2025}}</ref>
|-
! Programme
! Specialization
|-
| '''B.Tech.'''
| [[Civil Engineering]]
|-
| '''B.Tech.'''
| [[Computer Science and Engineering]]
|-
| '''B.Tech.'''
| [[Information Technology]] (Stopped after 2017)
|-
| '''B.Tech.'''
| [[Electronics and Communication Engineering]]
|-
| '''B.Tech.'''
| [[Electrical Engineering]]
|-
| '''B.C.A.'''
| [[Bachelor of Computer Applications]]
|-
| '''B.B.A.'''
| [[Bachelor of Business Administration]]
|}

==Campus==
The campus is located at [[Banjetia]], around 4 km away from [[Berhampore]], the district town of [[Murshidabad district]], West Bengal, India.

==Library==
The institute possesses a library with textbooks, reference books, handbooks, Magazines, Journals, periodicals, etc. which has 11,000 books exclusively for B.Tech. students. There is a facility of "Book-bank" for SC/ST students sponsored by the Government of West Bengal.

==See also==
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
*[[List of institutions of higher education in West Bengal]]
*[[Education in India]]
*[[Education in West Bengal]]
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKgM7P5iGwgC&dq=%22Murshidabad+College+of+Engineering+%26+Technology%22&pg=PA441 Handbook of Universities - Page 441]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=5iVuAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Murshidabad+College+of+Engineering+%26+Technology%22 West Bengal, beyond the millennium: essays in honour of Professor ... - Page 147]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=hARWAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Murshidabad+College+of+Engineering+%26+Technology%22 1999 IEEE 13th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=KUVKFiBWbZcC&dq=murshidabad+college+of+engineering+and+technology&pg=PA775 Directory Of Libraries In India3rd Rev. Ed. Vol# 2 - Page 775]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=hEPQ6azg1tQC&dq=murshidabad+college+of+engineering+and+technology&pg=PR1 Intro. to Linear & Digital Control Systems - Arun K Ghosh, Former Principal, MCET]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=y_yn3eI-nXgC&dq=murshidabad+college+of+engineering+and+technology&pg=PR3 Intro. to Measurement & Instrumentation - Arun K Ghosh, Former Principal, MCET]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=CMz41xHI8PkC&dq=murshidabad+college+of+engineering+and+technology&pg=PA330 Introduction to Instrumentation and Control - Arun K Ghosh, Former Principal, MCET]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120504022108/http://berhampore.co.in/ The city of Berhampore]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130815190605/http://www.murshidabad.gov.in/schools.htm Schools in Murshidabad]

{{Murshidabad topics}}
{{West Bengal University of Technology}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Murshidabad College of Engineering and Technology, Berhampore}}
[[Category:Colleges affiliated to West Bengal University of Technology]]
[[Category:Engineering colleges in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Murshidabad district]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1998]]
[[Category:1998 establishments in West Bengal]]

Ahmedabad railway division

2025-08-28T10:21:29Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: improved article to improve readability and improved wording

{{Short description|Railway division in Western railway zone, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
'''Ahmedabad railway division''' is one of the six railway divisions under the jurisdiction of [[Western Railway zone]] of the [[Indian Railways]].<ref name="zones_and_divisions">{{cite web |title=Railway Zones and Divisions in The Country |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=168812. |website=Press Information Bureau |publisher=Ministry of Railways (Government of India) |access-date=1 January 2025 |date=21 July 2017}}</ref> This railway division was formed on 1 April 2003 and its headquarter is located at [[Ahmedabad]] in the state of Gujarat of India.

[[Mumbai WR railway division]], [[Vadodara railway division]], [[Bhavnagar railway division]], [[Rajkot railway division]] and [[Ratlam railway division]] are the other five railway divisions under WR Zone headquartered at [[Churchgate]], Mumbai.<ref>{{cite web|title=Zones and their Divisions in Indian Railways |url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in/ir_zones.pdf |work=Indian Railways |access-date=13 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120417132128/http://www.indianrail.gov.in/ir_zones.pdf |archive-date=17 April 2012 |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.wr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,283 |title = Ahmedabad Railway Division|access-date = 13 January 2016 |website = [[Railway Board]]|publisher = [[Western Railway zone]]}}</ref>

==List of railway stations and towns ==
The list includes the stations under the Ahemdabad railway division and their station category.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statement showing Category-wise No.of stations in IR based on Pass. earning of 2011|url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/StationRedevelopment/AI&ACategoryStns.pdf|access-date=15 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=PASSENGER AMENITIES - CRITERIA= For Categorisation of Stations|url=http://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1432447500773-23.Passenger%20Amenities%20PDF.pdf|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045206/http://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1432447500773-23.Passenger%20Amenities%20PDF.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=General Overview
|url=http://www.wr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris/uploads/files/1393503940019-Overview.pdf|access-date=15 January 2016}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#fff;"
|-
! style="background:#ffd750;" ! | Category of station
! style="background:#ffd750;" ! | No. of stations
! style="background:#ffd750;" ! | Names of stations
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | '''A-1''' Category
| style="text-align:center;" | 1
| style="text-align:center;" | {{rws|Ahmedabad Junction}}
|-

|-
| style="text-align:center;" | '''A''' Category
| style="text-align:center;" | 8
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Sabarmati Junction]], [[Mahesana railway station|Mehsana Junction]], {{rws|Palanpur Junction}}, [[Himmatnagar Junction railway station|Himmatnagar]], {{rws|Asarva}}, {{rws|Gandhidham Junction}}, {{rws|Viramgam}}, {{rws|Bhuj}}
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | '''B''' Category
| style="text-align:center;" | 2
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Bhachau railway station|Bhachau]], {{rws|Samakhiali Junction}}, Detroj, {{rws|Sanand}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | '''C''' Category (Suburban station)
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| style="text-align:center;" | {{rws|Gandhigram}}, {{rws|Maninagar}}, {{rws|Vatva}}, {{rws|Chandlodiya}}, {{rws|Naroda}}
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | '''D''' Category
| style="text-align:center;" | 12
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | '''E''' Category
| style="text-align:center;" | 80
| style="text-align:center;" | -
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | '''F''' Category Halt Station
| style="text-align:center;" | 65
| style="text-align:center;" | -
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | '''Total'''
| style="text-align:center;" | '''165'''
| style="text-align:center;" | -
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Ahmedabad railway division| ]]
[[Category:Divisions of Indian Railways]]
[[Category:2003 establishments in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Western Railway zone|*]]

{{India-rail-transport-stub}}

Dildarnagar (village)

2025-08-06T04:49:12Z

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur: creating a place.

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Dildarnagar Gaon
| native_name = Dildarnagar
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Deendarnagar
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Nabourhood
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.4282467|N|83.6685328|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ghazipur district|Ghazipur]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = {{start date and age|1698}}
| founder = Raja Deendar Khan
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Sarpanch]]
| governing_body = [[Gram Panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 12305
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Dildarnagari & Kamsari
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 232326
| registration_plate = UP-61
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name = Dildarnagar Gao
| area_total_acre =
| pushpin_relief = Yes
| area_total_ha = 648.3
}}
'''Dildarnagar Gaon''' also known as Deendarnagar is a neighbourhood in [[Dildarnagar, Ghazipur|Dildarnagar Town]] of [[Dildarnagar Kamsar|Kamsaar]] in [[Ghazipur District]], [[India]]. It is 4.5 km from [[Phooli]] and 11 km from [[Zamania]]. It was the capital of [[Dildarnagar estate]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Dildarnagar census and about|url=https://www.dildarnagar.com/?m=1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208140437/https://www.dildarnagar.com/?m=1 |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=|website=}}</ref>

==History==
Dildarnagar was founded in 1698 AD by a Rajput Kunwar Naval Singh who adopted Islam and kept his name Raja Deendar khan. Deendar khan kept the name as Deendarnagar but because of mispronunciation during the [[British Raj|British rule]] over India the name of the village Dildarnagar during 1860s. Kunwar Naval Singh use to live in the village named Samohta located in [[Bihar]] state of [[India]]. One day Mughal emperor [[Aurangzeb]] passed to the village and adopted the brother of Naval Singh and kept his name Danish khan. After that, the whole family shifted to [[Lahore]] in [[Pakistan]] and adopted [[Islam]] and then came to [[Ghazipur district|Ghazipur District]] and bought the village name as Akhanda in 592 coin used during Aurangzeb's empire in the year 1698AD and started living there. Later in 1874 the small village of [[Dildarnagar Fatehpur Bazar]] which was the market area of the town located 2 km away from Dildarnagar Gao became a town and [[Dildarnagar Junction railway station]] was built.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=History of Dildarnagar in Ghazipur|url=https://m.patrika.com/ghazipur-news/history-of-dildarnagar-in-ghazipur-1915024/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010103419/https://m.patrika.com/ghazipur-news/history-of-dildarnagar-in-ghazipur-1915024/ |archive-date=10 October 2019 |access-date=|website=}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Dildarnagar]]
[[Category:Dildarnagar Fatehpur]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Ghazipur district]]

{{Ghazipur-geo-stub}}