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Krishnam

2026-05-29T08:55:19Z

DinahFlo5043561: Made page

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox film
|name = Krishnam
|image = Krishnam movie poster.jpg
|caption = Theatrical release poster
|director = [[Dinesh Baboo]]
|producer = P. N. Balaram
|writer = Dinesh Baboo
|story = P. N. Balaram
|starring = {{plainlist|
* Akshay Krishnan
* Ashwarya Ullas
* [[Mamitha Baiju]]
* [[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]]
* [[Shanthi Krishna]]
}}
| music = Hariprasad R
|cinematography = Dinesh Baboo
|editing = Abhilash Balachandran
|studio = PNB Cinemas
|distributor = PNB Cinemas
|released = {{Film date|2018|05|18|India}}
|runtime =
|country = India
|language = Malayalam Telugu
|budget = 
|gross = 
}}

'''''Krishnam''''' is a 2018 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[family drama]] [[thriller film]] written, directed and filmed by [[Dinesh Baboo]] from a story by P. N. Balaram, who also produced the film. The film features Akshay Krishnan and Aishwarya Ullas with [[Mamitha Baiju]], [[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]], and [[Shanthi Krishna]] in important roles. The film was released in India on 18 May 2018.<ref>{{cite web|title=Four new Malayalam releases today (May 18)|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/four-new-malayalam-releases-today-may-18-news-malayalam-sfskwGecjcbfg.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519002843/http://www.sify.com/movies/four-new-malayalam-releases-today-may-18-news-malayalam-sfskwGecjcbfg.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 May 2018|website=[[Sify]]|accessdate=25 May 2018|date=18 May 2018}}</ref>

The film was subsequently partially reshot in Telugu as '''''Dear Krishna''''' with [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] replacing [[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-14 |title=Blockbuster Movie Premalu Heroine Mamitha Baiju's Next Telugu Release Is 'Dear Krishna' |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/blockbuster-movie-premalu-heroine-mamitha-baijus-next-telugu-release-is-dear-krishna-article-114207418 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=[[Times Now]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="S">{{Cite web |last=ജേക്കബ് |first=ജീന |date=2018-05-06 |title=കൃഷ്ണം നിര്‍മിച്ചത് എന്റെ കഥ പറയാനല്ല, ആ രഹസ്യം അറിയുന്നത് ലാലേട്ടന് മാത്രം : അക്ഷയ് കൃഷ്ണ |url=https://www.samakalikamalayalam.com/chalachithram-film/2018/May/02/കൃഷ്ണം-നിര്zwjമിച്ചത്-എന്റെ-കഥ-പറയാനല്ല-ആ-രഹസ്യം-അറിയുന്നത്-ലാലേട്ടന്-മാത്രം-21970.html |website=Samakalika Malayalam |language=ml|access-date=12 May 2025}}</ref> which was released on 25 January 2025.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* Akshay Krishnan as himself
* Hrishikesh as Abhi
*Aishwarya Ullas as Radhika
* [[Mamitha Baiju]] as Chithra
* Ankit Harikrishnan as Akshay's friend
* [[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]] as Balakrishnan: Akshay's father
* [[Shanthi Krishna]] as Akshay's mother
* Sharon Thomas as Akshay's friend
* [[Renji Panicker]] as Dr. Sunil
* [[V. K. Prakash]]
* [[Mukundan (actor)|Mukundan]]
* [[Anjali Nair (actress, born 1988)|Anjali Nair]]
* [[Vineeth Kumar]]
;Telugu version
* [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] as Balakrishna: Akshay's father
* [[Sameer (Telugu actor)|Sameer]] as Dr. Sunil
}}

==Production==
The film was planned as a multilingual film in Malayalam, Telugu and Tamil and although the Tamil version were dropped in favour of a dubbed version.<ref name="D"/> ''Krishnam'' is based on a real-life incident that started when Akshay Krishnan from Thrissur faced an accident during a dance contest. He was diagnosed with a hernia during the incident. However, that was not the only issue as his entire stomach cavity and body was filled with water. His kidney, liver, lungs and spleen was damaged. Several overseas doctors couldn't find the root cause of his problem but a doctor from Thrissur checked out his heart and realized that he had a rare heart condition. The film's relationship to Krishnan is that his father is a devotee of [[Guruvayurappan]] and after the incident, Akshay Krishnan's devotion in god increased.<ref name="D">{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/220318/krishnam-my-story-akshay-krishnan.html|title=Krishnam, my story: Akshay Krishnan|first=Priya|last=Sreekumar|date=22 March 2018|website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=12 May 2025}}</ref> After shooting was complete for ''Krishnam'', the film was partially reshot in Telugu as ''Dear Krishna'', which began production in 2018.<ref name="S"/>

==Soundtrack==
The film's music is by Hariprasad R.
;Malayalam
# "Mazha Megham"- [[Vijay Yesudas]]
# "Thoo Manju" - [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]]
# "Madthu Madthu" - [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]

{{Track listing
| headline = Telugu
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_lyrics = Giri Patla.
| all_music =
| title1 = Chiru Prayam
| length1 = 5:03
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| title2 = Tholisari Bhadulichinave
| length2 = 3:54
| extra2 = [[Kaala Bhairava]]
| title3 = Classullo Patallo
| length3 = 3:42
| extra3 = Kaala Bhairava
}}

;Tamil<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=guE-sYT4E_Y|title=Krishnam - Full Movie Audio Jukebox | Akshay Krishnan & Ashwaria Ullas | Hari Prasad R|date=10 January 2019|via=YouTube}}</ref>
*"Oli Sindhum" - [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
*"Poruthu Poruthu" - Sathyaprakash
*"Manam Thedum" - [[Madhu Balakrishnan]]
*"Vennaipol" - Usha Jayakrishnan

== Release ==
''Krishnam'' was released in India on 18 May 2018 and was released straight online overseas. After a seven year delay, ''Dear Krishna'' was released on 24 January 2025.{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}}

== Reception ==
Regarding the Tamil dubbed version, which was released in 2019, a critic from ''[[News Today]]'' wrote, "What is a major eye sore is ''Krishnam'' was dramatic towards the end. And the second half was tedious too".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newstodaynet.com/2019/03/17/review-krishnam-real-on-reel/|title=Review: Krishnam - Real on reel|first=M. Bharat|last=Kumar|date=17 March 2019|website=[[News Today]]|access-date=12 May 2025}}</ref>

Regarding the Telugu version, Kausalya Rachavelpula of ''[[The Hans India]]'' gave a rating of 2.75 out of 5 and wrote that, "The emotional performances, gripping narrative, and impactful music make it a memorable watch".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rachavelpula |first=Kausalya |date=2025-01-24 |title='Dear Krishna' Review: A Moving Tale of Love, Faith, and Family |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/dear-krishna-review-a-moving-tale-of-love-faith-and-family-939560 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=[[The Hans India]]|language=en}}</ref> Regarding the Telugu version, ''[[Sakshi Post]]'' also gave the same rating and appreciated the performance of lead cast, and storyline.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-24 |title=Dear Krishna Movie Review, Rating |url=https://www.sakshipost.com/news/entertainment/dear-krishna-movie-review-rating-371060 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=[[Sakshi Post]] |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|7279058}}
* {{IMDb title|34500787|Dear Krishna}}

{{Dinesh Baboo}}

[[Category:2018 films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Indian family films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thrissur]]
[[Category:2018 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2018 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Dinesh Baboo]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2025 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in Kerala]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kerala]]
[[Category:2018 Telugu-language films]]

Janki Bodiwala

2026-05-07T18:41:14Z

DinahFlo5043561:

{{short description|Indian film actress (born 1995)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Janki Bodiwala
| image = Janki Bodiwala snapped at T-Series office (cropped).jpg
| caption = Bodiwala in 2025
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1995|10|30}}
| birth_place = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], India
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2015–present
}}

'''Janki Bodiwala''' (born 30 October 1995) is an Indian actress who predominantly works in [[Gujarati cinema|Gujarati]] films. She is known for ''[[Chhello Divas]]'' (2015), ''[[Chhutti Jashe Chhakka]]'' (2018), ''[[Naadi Dosh]]'' (2022), and ''[[Vash (film)|Vash]]'' (2023). She made her [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] debut with ''[[Shaitaan (2024 film)|Shaitaan]]'' in 2024.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Shaitaan Teaser: Ajay Devgn, Jyotika And Madhavan Tangled In A Spookfest |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/shaitaan-teaser-to-a-terrified-ajay-devgn-r-madhavan-declares-you-must-not-be-tempted-4928317 |access-date=2024-01-25 |website=[[NDTV]] |archive-date=25 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240125152852/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/shaitaan-teaser-to-a-terrified-ajay-devgn-r-madhavan-declares-you-must-not-be-tempted-4928317 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="janki-movie3">{{cite web |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/people/janki-bodiwala-118926 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223125614/https://www.cinestaan.com/people/janki-bodiwala-118926 |url-status=live |archive-date=23 December 2019 |title=Janki Bodiwala filmography and details |access-date=23 December 2019}}</ref>

==Early life ==
Bodiwala was born on 30 October 1995<ref>{{Cite web |last=Masand |first=Taru |date=2024-05-04 |title=Shaitaan's Janki Bodiwala: From Chhello Divas to Bollywood debut |url=https://www.news9live.com/entertainment/celebrity/shaitaan-fame-janki-bodiwala-movies-new-release-and-love-life-2523331 |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=News9live |language=en-US}}</ref> in [[Ahmedabad]] to Bharat and Kashmira Bodiwala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who is Shaitaan's Janki Bodiwala? Trained to be dentist, had superhit debut at 20, competed in Miss India but... |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-who-is-shaitaan-janki-bodiwala-trained-dentist-superhit-debut-20-competed-miss-india-ajay-devgn-r-madhavan-3078961 |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharatvarsh |first=TV9 |date=2024-03-03 |title=कौन हैं 'शैतान' में अजय देवगन की बेटी का रोल निभाने वाली जानकी बोड़ीवाला |url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/ajay-devgn-shaitaan-on-screen-daughter-janki-bodiwala-profile-2466252.html |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=TV9 Bharatvarsh |language=hi}}</ref> She has a brother Dhrupad Bodiwala.<ref name="janki-brother">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/photo-features/gujarati-film-celebrities-and-their-equally-attractive-siblings/janki-bodiwala/photostory/64646452.cms |title=Gujarati film celebrities and their equally attractive siblings}}</ref> She has done her schooling from M K Secondary & Higher Secondary School, Ahmedabad. She graduated with a Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) degree from Goenka Research Institute of Dental Science, [[Gandhinagar]]. She participated in Miss India 2019 where she was in the top 3 finalist of Miss India Gujarat.<ref name="janki-life">{{cite web |date=November 20, 2019 |title=Janki Bodiwala – Everything You Need to Know |url=https://bollybonda.com/janki-bodiwala/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226065759/https://bollybonda.com/janki-bodiwala/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 February 2024 |access-date=February 28, 2024 |website=BollyBonda }}</ref>

==Career==
Bodiwala made her acting debut in the Gujarati film, ''[[Chhello Divas]]'', written and directed by [[Krishnadev Yagnik]].<ref name="janki-movie5">{{cite web |url=https://buddybits.com/2015/12/movie-review-chhello-divas/ |title=Movie Review: Chhello Divas |access-date=23 December 2019 |archive-date=8 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208070202/https://buddybits.com/2015/12/movie-review-chhello-divas/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The film released on 20 November 2015 in 231 screens worldwide with positive reviews from critics and commercial success.<ref name="NDTV2016">{{cite web |title=After Recent Hits At The Box Office, 'Gollywood' Rises in Gujarat |website=NDTV.com |date=12 January 2016 |url=http://www.ndtv.com/ahmedabad-news/after-recent-hits-at-the-box-office-gollywood-rises-in-gujarat-1265062 |access-date=4 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205000529/http://www.ndtv.com/ahmedabad-news/after-recent-hits-at-the-box-office-gollywood-rises-in-gujarat-1265062 |archive-date=5 February 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2017, she acted in ''O! Taareee'',<ref name="janki-movie6">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-reviews/o-taareee/movie-review/57451884.cms |title=O! Taareee movie review |access-date=22 December 2019}}</ref> ''[[Tamburo (film)|Tamburo]]''<ref name="janki-movie7">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/tamburo/movieshow/61224037.cms |title=Tamburo Gujarati movie released on 18 August, 2017}}</ref> and ''Daud Pakad.''<ref name="janki-movie8">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/janki-bodiwala-strikes-a-pose-in-a-stunning-slit-dress/articleshow/71523210.cms |title=Janki Bodiwala strikes a pose in a stunning slit dress}}</ref> She later appeared in films like ''[[Chhutti Jashe Chhakka]]'',<ref name="janki-movie9">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/photo-features/chhutti-jashe-chhakka-5-things-you-need-to-know-about-the-upcoming-gujarati-film/photostory/64555581.cms |title='Chhutti Jashe Chhakka': 5 things you need to know about the upcoming Gujarati film}}</ref> ''[[Tari Maate Once More]]'' (2018) and ''Bau Na Vichaar'' (2019).<ref>{{cite web |title=Bau Na Vichaar Movie Review {3.0/5}: Critic Review of Bau Na Vichaar by Times of India|website=The Times of India |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-reviews/bau-na-vichaar/movie-review/69164249.cms |access-date=27 April 2023}}</ref> She appeared in Krishnadev Yagnik's ''[[Naadi Dosh]]'' (2022) along with [[Yash Soni]].<ref name="janki-movie2">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/yash-soni-and-janki-bodiwala-wrap-up-the-untitled-venture/articleshow/72468209.cms |title=Yash Soni and Janki Bodiwala wrap up the untitled venture}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=આવી ગયું રોમેન્ટિક ગુજરાતી ફિલ્મ 'નાડી દોષ'નું ટ્રેલર, છવાઈ ગયા યશ અને જાનકી |url=https://www.iamgujarat.com/entertainment/gujarati-movies/trailer-of-an-upcoming-gujarati-film-naadi-dosh-released-starring-yash-soni-janki-bodiwala-raunaq-kamdar/articleshow/91602129.cms |access-date=23 May 2022 |website=I am Gujarat |language=gu}}</ref> In 2023, she starred in ''[[Vash (film)|Vash]]'', which was a blockbuster film, and Bodiwala's performance was applauded by the audience.

In 2024, she made her [[Hindi cinema]] debut alongside [[Ajay Devgn]], [[Jyothika]], and [[R. Madhavan]] in [[Vikas Bahl]]'s ''[[Shaitaan (2024 film)|Shaitaan]]'', the remake of ''Vash,'' where she reprised her role as Aarya in the film, but under the new name Jahnvi Rishi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shaitaan review: Vikas Bahl's raw yet tiring horror debut is salvaged by Madhavan, Janki Bodiwala's chilling acts |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-shaitaan-review-vikas-bahl-s-raw-yet-tiring-horror-film-r-madhavan-janki-bodiwala-ajay-devgn-jyotika-3080793 |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>

== Media ==
Bodiwala was ranked in [[The Times of India|''The Times'' Most Desirable Women]] at No. 50 in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MEET THE TIMES 50 MOST DESIRABLE WOMEN 2019 – Times of India ► |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/meet-indias-most-desirable-divas/articleshow/77805527.cms |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==
''All films are in [[Gujarati cinema|Gujarati]] unless stated otherwise.''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | Ref.
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Chhello Divas]]''
| Pooja
|
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/chhello-divas/movieshow/61218756.cms |title=Chhello Divas Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes |access-date=2026-01-27 |via=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2017
| ''O Taareee''
| Deepa
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=O! Taareee Movie Review {3/5}: Overall, the film is worth watching once |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-reviews/o-taareee/movie-review/57451884.cms |access-date=2026-01-27 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Tamburo (film)|Tamburo]]''
| Dimple
|
|
|-
| ''Daud Pakad''
| Priyanka
| Guest appearance
|
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2018
| ''[[Chhutti Jashe Chhakka]]''
| Ankita
|
|
|-
| ''[[Tari Maate Once More]]''
| Aaisha
|
|
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Bau Na Vichar]]''
| Shivani
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2022
| ''[[Naadi Dosh]]''
| Riddhi
|
|<ref>{{Citation |last=Parmar |first=Chinmay |title=Naadi Dosh |date=2022-06-17 |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt20251716/ |access-date=2026-01-19 |others=Yash Soni, Janki Bodiwala, Raunaq Kamdar |publisher=Big Box Series |last2=Yagnik |first2=Krishnadev}}</ref>
|-
| ''Tu Rajee Re''
| Disha
|
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Tu Rajee Re Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/tu-rajee-re/movieshow/92726746.cms |access-date=24 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Vash (film)|Vash]]''
| Aarya
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Janki Bodiwala's first look from 'Vash' will leave you intrigued – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/janki-bodiwalas-first-look-from-vash-will-leave-you-intrigued/articleshow/91958836.cms |access-date=3 July 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| Rowspan=2 | 2024
| ''[[Shaitaan (2024 film)|Shaitaan]]''
| Janhvi Rishi
| [[Hindi]] film
|
|-
| ''[[Trisha on the Rocks]]!''
| Trisha
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-30 |title=Janki Bodiwala unveils the first-look poster of 'Trisha: On the Rocks' on her birthday |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/janki-bodiwala-unveils-the-first-look-poster-of-trisha-on-the-rocks-on-her-birthday/articleshow/104820923.cms |access-date=2024-03-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2025
| ''[[Vash Level 2]]''
| Aarya
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=‘The Curse Is Back’: Vash Level 2 Set For August 27 Release |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/regional-cinema/the-curse-is-back-vash-level-2-set-for-august-27-release-ws-l-aa-9371400.html |access-date=2025-06-12 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Chaniya Toli]]''
|
|Special appearance
|<ref name=DB2>{{cite news|url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/entertainment/bollywood/news/gujarati-film-chaniya-toli-song-release-135933708.html |title=ગુજરાતી ફિલ્મ 'ચણિયા ટોળી'નું સોંગ રિલીઝ:'તને જોઈને દિલ મારું ડોલે કે પીંજરામાં પોપટ બોલે..'માં જાનકી બોડીવાલાનો બોલ્ડ અંદાજ જોવા મળ્યો |date=16 September 2025|work=[[Divya Bhaskar]] |access-date=20 September 2025}}</ref>
|-
| 2026
| ''[[Mardaani 3]]''
| Fatima Anwar
| Hindi film
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2025-04-24 |title=Janki Bodiwala to join Rani Mukerji in Mardaani 3: Report : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/janki-bodiwala-join-rani-mukerji-mardaani-3-report/ |access-date=2025-04-24 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Film
! Result
! Ref.
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2025
| [[25th IIFA Awards|International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
| [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| ''[[Shaitaan (2024 film)|Shaitaan]]''
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Zeba |date=2025-03-10 |title=IIFA Awards 2025 Full Winners List: Laapata Ladies sweeps with big wins, Kartik Aaryan picks Best Actor |url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/iifa-awards-2025-full-winners-list-laapata-ladies-sweeps-with-big-wins-kartik-aaryan-picks-best-actor-8837899 |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=Wion |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[71st National Film Awards|National Film Awards]]
| [[National Film Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role|Best Actress in a Supporting Role]]
| ''[[Vash (film)|Vash]]''
| {{won}}
|<ref name="71NFA">{{Cite web |date=2025-08-01 |title=71st National Film Awards 2025 Live Updates: Shah Rukh Khan, Rani Mukerji win first National Awards; Vikrant Massey and 12th Fail bag trophies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/national-film-awards-2025-live-updates-winners-list-10160873/ |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
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|{{nom}}
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|}

==References==
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==External links==
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{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bodiwala, Janki}}
[[Category:Living people]]
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Recognition of same-sex unions in Kerala

2026-05-05T20:45:11Z

DinahFlo5043561:

{{Short description|none}} 
{{SSM|minimal}}

[[Kerala]] does not recognise [[same-sex marriage]]s or [[civil union]]s. However, [[Cohabitation|live-in relationships]] are not unlawful in Kerala. The [[Supreme Court of India|Indian Supreme Court]] has held that adults have a constitutional right to live together without being married, and that police cannot interfere with consenting adults living together. The [[Kerala High Court]] has upheld this constitutional right in multiple ''[[habeas corpus]]'' petitions, notably ''[[Sreeja S v. Commissioner of Police]]'' in 2018 and ''[[Devu G v. State Of Kerala]]'' in 2023. In January 2020, a same-sex couple filed a writ petition with the High Court to legalise same-sex marriage.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/india/lawyer-couple-who-fought-against-section-377-now-want-to-start-a-new-fight-to-legalise-gay-weddings1-as-252493.html|title=സ്വവര്‍ഗ വിവാഹം നിയമവിധേയമാക്കണം; സെക്ഷൻ 377നെതിരെ പോരാടി വിജയിച്ച പങ്കാളികൾ പുതിയ നിയമ യുദ്ധത്തിലേക്ക്|date=26 June 2020|language=ml|work=Malayalam News 18}}</ref>

==Legal history==
===Background===
[[Marriage]] in [[India]] is governed under several federal laws. These laws allow for the solemnisation of marriages according to different [[Religion in Kerala|religion]]s, notably [[Hinduism in Kerala|Hinduism]], [[Christianity in Kerala|Christianity]], and [[Islam in Kerala|Islam]]. Every citizen has the right to choose which law will apply to them based on their community or religion. These laws are the ''[[Hindu Marriage Act, 1955]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bokakhat.gov.in/pdf/The_hindu_marriage_act.pdf|title=Hindu Marriage Act, 1955|work=bokakhat|accessdate=September 5, 2022}}</ref> which governs matters of marriage, separation and divorce for Hindus, [[Jainism in Kerala|Jains]], [[Buddhism in Kerala|Buddhists]] and Sikhs, the ''[[The Indian Christian Marriage Act, 1872|Indian Christian Marriage Act, 1872]]'',<ref>{{cite web |title=The Indian Christian Marriage Act, 1872 |url=https://lawyerslaw.org/the-indian-christian-marriage-act-1872/ |website=lawyerslaw.org |access-date=4 June 2018}}</ref> and the ''[[Muslim personal law in India|Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1937-26.pdf|title= Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937|accessdate=September 6, 2022|work=legislative.gov.in}}</ref> In addition, the ''Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act, 1936'' and the ''Anand Marriage Act, 1909'' regulate the marriages of Parsis and Sikhs.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/2476/1/a1936_____3.pdf|title=Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act, 1936|work=www.indiacode.nic.in|accessdate=September 6, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1909-07.pdf|title=Anand Marriage Act, 1909|work=legislative.gov.in|accessdate=September 6, 2022}}</ref> The ''[[Special Marriage Act, 1954]]'' (SMA) allows all Indian citizens to marry regardless of the religion of either party.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/explained/what-is-special-marriage-act-all-you-need-to-know-js-gh-527514.html|title=എന്താണ് സ്പെഷ്യൽ മാര്യേജ് ആക്ട്? നിങ്ങൾ അറിയേണ്ടതെല്ലാം|work=Malalayam News 18|date=19 April 2022|language=ml}}</ref> Marriage officers appointed by the government may solemnize and register marriages contracted under the SMA, which are registered with the state as a civil contract. The act is particularly popular among [[Interfaith marriage|interfaith couples]], [[Inter-caste marriage|inter-caste couples]], and spouses with [[Atheism|no religious beliefs]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1954-43_1.pdf|title=The Special Marriage Act, 1954|work=legislative.gov|accessdate=September 5, 2022}}</ref> None of these acts explicitly bans [[same-sex marriage]].

On 14 February 2006, the [[Supreme Court of India]] ruled in ''Smt. Seema v. Ashwani Kumar'' that the [[States and union territories of India|states and union territories]] are obliged to register all marriages performed under the federal laws. The court's ruling was expected to reduce instances of [[child marriage]]s, [[bigamy]], [[domestic violence]] and unlawful abandonment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://legal-wires.com/case-study/case-study-smt-seema-v-ashwin-kumar-case/|title= Case Study: Smt Seema v. Ashwin Kumar|date=21 October 2022|work=Legal Wires}}</ref> Subsequently, the [[Government of Kerala]], by order of Governor [[R. L. Bhatia]], published the ''Kerala Registration of Marriages (Common) Rules, 2008'' in the ''[[Kerala Gazette]]'' on 29 February 2008. The measure provides for the registration of all marriages "solemnized in the State after the commencement of these Rules [...] irrespective of [the] religion of the parties". It created local registrars of marriages, which shall issue [[Marriage license|marriage certificates]] upon reception of memorandums of marriage filed by the spouses. The registrar may refuse to issue the license if the parties fail to meet the requirements to marry under the national law of their religion or community. The marriage certificate requires the name, nationality, age, date of birth, address, and the previous marital status of the "husband" and the "wife".<ref>{{cite web|url= https://cr.lsgkerala.gov.in/Docs/Rules%20%20original%20GO%20(P)%201%202008%20Law%2029%2002%202008.pdf|title= Kerala Registration of Marriages (Common) Rules, 2008|work=Kerala Gazette|accessdate=9 September 2022}}</ref>

Traditional Malayali marriages ({{langx|ml|വിവാഹം}}, {{transliteration|ml|vivāhaṁ}}) are deeply rooted in custom and hold significant cultural importance. They involve elaborate pre-wedding preparations and culminate in key rituals, including the tying of the ''[[mangala sutra]]'' and the ''[[saptapadi]]'', though Christian and Muslim communities in Kerala have distinct wedding rituals.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nestmatrimony.com/blog/05/10/24/malayali-marriage-and-its-ceremonies|title=Malayali Marriage and Its Ceremonies|work=Nest Matrimony|access-date=5 May 2026}}</ref> [[Arranged marriage in the Indian subcontinent|Arranged marriage]] remains the prevailing norm across India, accounting for the vast majority of unions, and often placing pressure on LGBT individuals to marry partners of the opposite sex. Nevertheless, some same-sex couples have participated in traditional marriage ceremonies, although the marriages lack legal status in Kerala. Sonu Soman and Nikesh Pushkaran were married in [[Guruvayur]] in July 2018,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofindia.com/india/law-says-their-marriage-isnt-valid-these-gay-couples-did-it-anyway/articleshow/88667669.cms|title=Law says their marriage isn't valid. These gay couples did it anyway|work=The Times of India|date=3 January 2022|last=Joshi|first=Sonam}}</ref> and in January 2020 filed a writ petition to have their marriage legally recognized in India. A second couple, Nived Antony Chullickal and Abdul Rahim, originally from [[Bangalore]], were married in December 2019. "I really just wanted to get married to my boyfriend and shared pre-wedding photoshoot, firstly, as a message to everyone that it is better to be late than never and second, it is so good to come out and marry your partner. Our wedding was like any other wedding. I also wanted it to be an inspiration for people, so that they too can do the same, and now so many people have called me and I really feel good that I have been an inspiration for all", Chullickal told ''[[The News Minute]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/pictures-meet-two-gay-couples-kerala-who-recently-got-married-115064|title=In pictures: Meet the two gay couples from Kerala who recently got married|work=The News Minute|date=31 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=215153&u=kerala-gay-couple-gets-married-in-bengaluru-215153|title=Kerala gay couple gets married in Bengaluru|date=30 December 2019|work=Kaumudi}}</ref>

===Live-in relationships===
{{Infobox subdivision type
|name=[[Recognition of same-sex unions in India]]
|map={{Same-sex marriage in India|width=300}}
}}

[[Cohabitation|Live-in relationships]] ({{langx|ml|സഹവാസം ബന്ധം}}, {{transliteration|ml|sahavāsaṁ bandhaṁ}}, {{IPA|ml|sɐhɐˈʋaːsɐm ˈbɐn̪d̪ʱɐm|pron}}, or {{lang|ml|ലിവ്-ഇന്‍ റിലേഷൻഷിപ്പ്}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mediaoneonline.com/india/madhya-pradesh-courts-unique-order-on-breakup-after-a-live-in-relationship-250380|title=ലിവ്-ഇന്‍ ബന്ധം പിരിഞ്ഞാല്‍ സ്ത്രീക്ക് ജീവനാംശത്തി|work= mediaone online|language=ml|date=6 April 2024}}</ref> {{transliteration|ml|liv-iṉ ṟilēṣaṉṣippŭ}}) are not illegal in Kerala. The Indian Supreme Court has held that adults have a constitutional right to live together without being married, that police cannot interfere with consenting adults living together, and that live-in relationships are not unlawful. State courts have upheld this constitutional right, and further ruled that if a couple faces threats from family or the community they may request police protection. However, the [[Kerala High Court]] held in 2023 that live-in relationships could not be recognised in the state: "The law is yet to recognise the live-in relationship as marriage. The law accords recognition only if the marriage is solemnised in accordance with personal law or in accordance with secular law like the ''Special Marriage Act''."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/law-doesnt-recognise-live-in-relationships-as-marriage-kerala-court-4118365|title=Law Doesn't Recognise Live-In Relationships As Marriage: Kerala Court|work=NDTV|date=13 June 2023}}</ref> This means that while couples may live together without being married they cannot access the legal rights and benefits of [[marriage]].

In 2018, the Kerala High Court ruled, in ''[[Sreeja S v. Commissioner of Police]]'', that a lesbian couple, Sreeja and Aruna, did not violate the law by living together in a same-sex relationship. The couple had moved in together, but Aruna's parents filed a missing person complaint with the police, and later attempted to send her to a mental hospital in [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. During the court proceedings, Aruna clarified that she was living with Sreeja of her own free will. The court held that their live-in relationship did not violate the law, and ordered that the couple be allowed to freely reside together.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/kerala-hc-lets-lesbian-couple-live-together/articleshow/65943234.cms|title= Kerala high court lets lesbian couple live together|work=The Times of India|date=25 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://theleaflet.in/can-same-sex-couple-live-together-under-one-roof/|title= Can same-sex couple live together under one roof?|date=16 June 2022|first=Sakshi|last=Pritam Das|work=The Leaflet}}</ref> Likewise, in May 2022, the High Court gave a Muslim lesbian couple, Fathima Noora and Adhila Nasarin, the right to live together. The couple had been forcibly separated by their families, with Noora allegedly being forced into [[conversion therapy]]. Nasarin filed a ''[[habeas corpus]]'' plea, ''Adhila Nasarin v. Commissioner of Police'', stating that "Noora's mother came and showed me a petition saying that I kidnapped her and she will take her back. They are very cruel, they may try to kill her and there were several threats from Noora's family. They even threatened to kill me and my father. Noora was taken away from me by force." In a short proceeding before Justices [[K. Vinod Chandran]] and [[C. Jayachandran]], the court issued a judgement in favour of the couple on 31 May.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/how-two-kerala-women-won-the-right-to-be-in-love/articleshow/92064371.cms|title=How two Kerala women won the right to love|first=Anjana|last=George|date=8 June 2022|work=Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=826623&u=fatima-and-adhila-can-now-live-together-no-ban-on-adults-rules-high-court|title=Fatima and Adhila can now live together, no ban on adults, rules High Court|date=31 May 2020|work=Kaumudi}}</ref> The couple were married in a traditional ceremony in October 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pics-gay-couple-reunited-by-kerala-high-court-in-may-now-exchange-rings-3561090|title=Pics: Gay Couple, Reunited By Kerala High Court In May, Now Exchange Rings|work=NDTV|date=28 November 2022|first=Divyam|last=Sharma}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-63725898|title=Noora and Adhila: Kerala lesbian 'brides' in 'wedding' photoshoot|date=26 November 2022|last=Meryl|work=BBC News|first=Sebastian}}</ref>

In 2022, a woman from [[Kaloor]] filed a ''habeas corpus'' plea, ''[[Devu G v. State Of Kerala]]'', alleging that her same-sex partner had been illegally detained by her parents. The couple had been together for a year and planned on getting married. On 2 February 2023, the High Court denied the plea and directed the detained partner to attend psychiatric counselling. On 6 February, the plaintiff filed for review with the Indian Supreme Court. In her petition, she stated that the counselling recommended by the High Court "is obviously counselling to change her sexual orientation", and urged her partner's release.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/litigation/supreme-court-stays-kerala-high-court-proceedings-plea-lesbian-woman-hc-order-directing-counselling-detained-partner|title=Supreme Court stays Kerala High Court proceedings on plea by lesbian woman against HC order directing counselling for detained partner|work=Bar and Bench|date=6 February 2023|first=Abhimanyu|last=Hazarika}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/judiciary/sc-agrees-to-hear-same-sex-couples-plea-challenging-kerala-hc-ordered-counselling/1357573/?amp|title=SC agrees to hear same-sex couple's plea challenging Kerala HC-ordered counselling|work=The Print|date=6 February 2023|first=Bhadra|last=Sinha}}</ref> On 11 March 2024, the Supreme Court ruled that ''habeas corpus'' petitions filed by same-sex partners should be prioritised, that lower courts "shall not pass any directions for counselling or parental care when the ''corpus'' is produced before the Court" and that courts must order immediate release without subjecting the plaintiffs to "counseling": "Sexual orientation and gender identity fall in a core zone of privacy of an individual. These identities are a matter of self-identification, and no stigma or moral judgment must be imposed when dealing with cases involving parties from the LGBTQ+ community. Courts must exercise caution in passing any direction or making any comment which may be perceived as pejorative." Further, it ruled that courts "must acknowledge that some intimate partners may face social stigma and a neutral stand of the law would be detrimental to the fundamental freedoms of the appellant. Therefore, a court while dealing with a petition for police protection by intimate partners on the grounds that they are a same sex, transgender, inter-faith, or inter-caste couple must grant an ad-interim measure, such as immediately granting police protection to the petitioners".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://factly.in/review-sc-rules-that-sexual-orientation-and-gender-identity-fall-in-a-core-zone-of-privacy-of-an-individual/|title=Review: SC Rules That Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Fall in a Core Zone of Privacy of an Individual|work=Factly|date=27 March 2024|first=Suresh|last=Deepala}}</ref>

===2020 writ petition===
In January 2020, Sonu Soman, an IP professional, and Nikesh Pushkaran, a businessman, filed a writ petition in the Kerala High Court, requesting that their marriage be registered under the ''Special Marriage Act'' and arguing that preventing same-sex couples from marrying violates the principles of equality, non-arbitrariness, non-discrimination, individual dignity and personal autonomy under Articles 14, 15(1), 19(1)(a) and 21 of the [[Constitution of India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/gay-couple-moves-kerala-hc-for-recognition-of-homosexual-marriages-under-special-marriage-act-152046 |title=Gay Couple Moves Kerala HC For Recognition Of Homosexual Marriages Under Special Marriage Act|author= |date=27 January 2020 |publisher=LiveLaw |access-date=24 February 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/pdf_upload-369544.pdf|title=Writ Petition (Civil) filed Under Article 226 of the Constitution of India|website=www.livelaw.in}}</ref> The couple, originally from the [[Ernakulam district]], had sought to marry at the [[Guruvayur Temple]], but authorities refused to solemnize the marriage and issue a certificate. They married in a secret ceremony in a car parking area of the temple in July 2018. Citing the Supreme Court's ruling in ''[[Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India]]'', which decriminalized [[homosexuality]] in India in 2018 and recognized a person's right to be treated with dignity regardless of [[sexual orientation]], the couple argued that exclusion from the institution of marriage denies them basic rights and privileges such as [[Alimony|maintenance]], [[inheritance]], [[pension]] and [[Joint account|joint bank accounts]]: "The institution of marriage affords certain rights and privileges to the persons in matrimony in the society and due to the aforesaid exclusion, the homosexual couples like the petitioners are denied an opportunity to enjoy similar rights and privileges. Being married carries along with it the right to maintenance, right of inheritance, a right to own joint bank accounts, lockers; nominate each other as a nominee in insurance, pension, gratuity papers etc. All these are unavailable to the Petitioners due to their exclusion from the institution of marriage, making the said exclusion more discriminatory."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/keralas-first-gay-couple-who-got-married-in-a-temple-moves-high-court-to-get-their-marriage-registered-505163.html|title=Kerala's 1st Gay Couple Who Got Married In A Temple Move High Court To Get Marriage Registered|work=India Times|date=28 January 2020|last=Abraham|first=Bobins}}</ref> The couple filed the [[writ]] on 24 January with Justice [[Anu Sivaraman]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://images.assettype.com/barandbench/2020-01/6fc76b13-5c40-4330-b3cf-876eee033008/Gay_marriage_WPC.pdf|title=Writ Petition (Civil) filed Under Article 226 of the Constitution of India|website=images.assettype.com|accessdate=9 September 2022}}</ref>

By October 2022, the Kerala Government had not yet filed a response to the writ petition. Soman and Pushkaran wrote to Chief Minister [[Pinarayi Vijayan]], but likewise did not receive a response.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2022/oct/13/united-by-lovedivided-bylaw-2507467.amp|title=United by love, 'divided' by law|access-date=7 November 2022}}</ref> In November 2022, the Deputy Solicitor General announced that the government was taking steps to get the writ petition transferred to the Supreme Court of India.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/supreme-court-seeking-recognition-of-same-sex-marriage-under-the-special-marriage-act-214994|title=Breaking: Two Men Move Supreme Court Seeking Recognition of SAME-SEX MARRIAGE Under the Special Marriage Act|work=LiveLaw.in|date=25 November 2022}}</ref> The petition was consolidated into a broader case titled ''[[Supriyo v. Union of India]]''. In October 2023, the Supreme Court delivered a landmark decision in ''Supriyo'', ruling that the legalisation of same-sex marriage was a matter for Parliament to address, not the judiciary.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Staff |first1=The Wire |title=SC Doesn't Legalise Marriage Equality, 2 of 5 Judges Says Queer Couples Must Be Given Legal Rights |url=https://thewire.in/law/marriage-equality-supreme-court-decision |access-date=17 October 2023 |work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]] |date=17 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017073042/https://thewire.in/law/marriage-equality-supreme-court-decision |archive-date=17 October 2023 |location=New Delhi |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-asia-india-66917126|title=India judges decline to legalise same-sex marriage|work=BBC News|date=17 October 2023}}</ref> It declined to review its decision on 9 January 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/same-sex-marriage-supreme-court-dismisses-petitions-seeking-review-of-october-2023-judgement/article69081871.ece|title=Supreme Court rejects review of its same-sex marriage judgment|website=The Hindu|date=9 January 2025 |access-date=2025-01-09}}</ref>

===Transgender and intersex issues===
Kerala historically did not recognize a traditional [[third gender]] community known as ''[[Hijra (South Asia)|hijra]]'' ({{lang|ml|ഹിജ്റ}}, {{transliteration|ml|hijṟa}}), who hold respected community roles in [[North India]] and are known for their distinct culture, communities led by [[gurus]], and traditional roles as performers. Gender fluidity (notably the ''[[theyyam]]'' ritual where a male performer embodies femineity and is viewed as transcending biological sex), [[eunuch]]s ({{lang|ml|നപുംസക}}, {{transliteration|ml|napuṁsaka}}) and [[transgender]] people were present in Kerala conceptually, but never extended to a ''hijra'' structure due to the absence of a Persian-Islamic court culture and eunuch administration in royal households in Kerala.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Transgenders in Kerala- Realisation of their Identity.|journal=Journal of Social Work, Education and Practice|date=2018|volume=3|issue=1|first=Gayathri|last=Krishna}}</ref> In February 2023, the state government said it would introduce legislation amending the ''Kerala Registration of Marriages (Common) Rules, 2008'' to allow transgender people to marry.<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207001756/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-may-consider-amending-marriage-registration-rules-to-include-marriage-of-transgender-persons/article66474316.ece|archive-date=7 February 2023|date=5 February 2023|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-may-consider-amending-marriage-registration-rules-to-include-marriage-of-transgender-persons/article66474316.ece|title=Kerala may consider altering marriage registration rules to include transgender persons|work=The Hindu}}</ref> A marriage ceremony for a transgender couple had already taken place in Thiruvananthapuram in May 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kerala-witnesses-first-transgender-marriage-5172148/|title= Kerala witnesses first transgender marriage|work=The Indian Express|date=11 May 2018}}</ref> As both partners were transgender, authorities allowed it to be solemnised under the SMA as an opposite-sex marriage. The Supreme Court's 2023 ruling in ''Supriyo v. Union of India'' held that the Indian Constitution does not require the legalisation of same-sex marriages but affirmed that transgender people may marry opposite-sex partners.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://articles.manupatra.com/article-details/Legal-Progression-Social-Implications-Case-Comment-on-Supriyo-Chakraborty-Anr-v-Union-Of-India|title="Legal Progression & Social Implications Case Comment on Supriyo Chakraborty & Anr v. Union Of India"|work=Manupatra|date=27 May 2024|first1=Rajeev Pratap|last1=Singh Bhutyal|first2=Swasti|last2=Arya}}</ref>

==Public opinion==
According to a 2019 report titled "Politics and Society Between Elections 2019", published by the [[Azim Premji#Azim Premji Foundation|Azim Premji Foundation]] and the [[Centre for the Study of Developing Societies]], 58% of participants from the state opposed same-sex relationships; the fourth highest among the twelve states surveyed.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/diu/story/section-377-anniversary-same-sex-relationships-1596408-2019-09-06|title=Section 377 anniversary: Half of country still doesn't approve of same sex relationships|website=India Today}}</ref> The 2021 Mathrubhumi Youth Manifesto Survey conducted on people aged between 15 and 35 showed that 74.3% of respondents supported legalising same-sex marriage, while 25.7% were opposed.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/mobile/social/social-issues/youth-response-on-homosexual-marriage-mathrubhumi-youth-manifesto-1.5546662|title=സ്വവര്‍ഗ്ഗ വിവാഹം നിയമപരമാക്കണമെന്ന് കേരളത്തിലെ യുവജനങ്ങള്‍|newspaper=Mathrubhumi|language=Malayalam|date=26 March 2021|access-date=29 March 2021}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[LGBT rights in Kerala]]
*[[LGBT rights in India]]
*[[Recognition of same-sex unions in India]]
*''[[Supriyo v. Union of India]]''

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{LGBT in India}}

[[Category:Recognition of same-sex unions in India by state|Kerala]]
[[Category:Politics of Kerala]]

First Nitish Kumar ministry

2026-05-02T10:47:49Z

DinahFlo5043561:

{{Short description|Government of Bihar, India (2000)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox government cabinet
| cabinet_number = 30th
| cabinet_type = Ministry
| jurisdiction = [[Bihar]]
| flag = Seal of Bihar.svg
| flag_border = true
| incumbent =
| image = File:Nitish Kumar with JDU functionaries (cropped).jpg
| image_size =
| caption = '''Incumbent''' '''[[Nitish Kumar]]''' {{Small|[[Hon'ble]] [[Chief Minister of Bihar]]}}
| date_formed = 3 March 2000
| date_dissolved = 10 March 2000
| government_head_title = [[Chief Minister of Bihar|Chief Minister]]
| government_head = [[Nitish Kumar]]
| deputy_government_head_title =
| state_head_title = [[Governor of Bihar|Governor]]
| state_head = [[V. C. Pande]]
| members_number =
| former_members_number =
| total_number =
| political_parties =
*{{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
*{{Party index link|Samata Party}}
*{{Color box|#B2B2B2|border=black}} [[Independent politician|IND]]
| legislature_status = [[Coalition government|Coalition]]
| opposition_cabinet =
| opposition_party = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Hurricane Lamp.png|20px]] {{Party index link|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
| opposition_leader =
| election = [[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
| last_election =
| legislature_term = {{ayd|3 March 2000|10 March 2000}}
| previous = [[Second Rabri Devi ministry|Second Rabri ministry]]
| successor = [[Third Rabri Devi ministry|Third Rabri ministry]]
}}

The '''First Nitish Kumar ministry''' was the 30th Council of Ministers in [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] headed by Chief Minister [[Nitish Kumar]]. On 10 March 2000, he was forced to resign just before the trust vote in the Assembly.<ref>{{Cite web |title=From the archives (2000) {{!}} When Nitish Kumar became Bihar CM for first time |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/from-the-archives-2000-when-nitish-kumar-became-bihar-cm-for-first-time-1985894-2022-08-09 |access-date=7 October 2022 |website=India Today |date=9 August 2022 |language=en |archive-date=4 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904085537/https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/from-the-archives-2000-when-nitish-kumar-became-bihar-cm-for-first-time-1985894-2022-08-09 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Council of Ministers ==
Source<ref>{{cite web|title=Bihar assembly elections 1995, 2000, 2005|url=http://www.bihartimes.in/elect_05/elections.html|access-date=2021-09-23|website=www.bihartimes.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=mediavigil|title=Cabinet Reshuffle in Bihar & at Centre|url=http://www.biharwatch.in/2008/04/cabinet-reshuffle-in-bihar-at-centre.html|access-date=2021-09-23|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=From the archives (2000) {{!}} When Nitish Kumar became Bihar CM for first time |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/from-the-archives-2000-when-nitish-kumar-became-bihar-cm-for-first-time-1985894-2022-08-09 |access-date=7 October 2022 |website=India Today |date=9 August 2022 |language=en |archive-date=4 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904085537/https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/from-the-archives-2000-when-nitish-kumar-became-bihar-cm-for-first-time-1985894-2022-08-09 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[List of chief ministers of Bihar|'''Chief Minister''']] Home Affairs General Administration Cabinet Secretariat Vigilance Election Other departments not allotted to any Minister
| minister1 = [[Nitish Kumar]]
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party = Samata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[List of finance ministers of Bihar|Finance]] & Commercial Taxes
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Parliamentary Affairs
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Water Resources
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Agriculture
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =[[List of ministers of education of Bihar|Minister of Education]]
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Building Construction
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Revenue & Land Reforms
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Road Construction
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Tourism
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[List of Health Ministers of Bihar|Minister of Health & Family Welfare]]
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Public Health Engineering Department
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Urban Development & Housing
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Art, Culture, Youth Affairs & Sports
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Energy
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Excise & Prohibition
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Panchayat Raj
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Rural Development
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Environment & Forest
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Co-operatives
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Food & Civil Supplies
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Transport
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[List of ministers of science and technology of Bihar|Minister of Science & Technology]]
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Industry
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Minority Welfare
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Information & Public Relations
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Minor Irrigation
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Sugarcane Industries
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Social Welfare
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Planning & Development
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Law & Justice
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Schedule Caste Welfare
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Extremely Backward Class Welfare
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Animal Husbandry & Fisheries
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Labour & Employment
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Information Technology
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Mining & Geology
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Disaster Management
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of state in Health & Family Welfare
| minister1 = -
| minister1_termstart = 3 March 2000
| minister1_termend = 10 March 2000
| minister1_party =
}}
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Bihar ministries|Nitish Kumar]]
[[Category:2000 establishments in Bihar]]
[[Category:2000 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Indian ministries established in 2000]]
[[Category:Indian ministries disestablished in 2000]]
[[Category:Nitish Kumar ministries]]

List of cantonments in India

2026-04-24T08:13:43Z

DinahFlo5043561: Added Some Post V1

{{Short description|none}}
Several cities in the [[Indian subcontinent]], including [[Ahmedabad]], [[Ambala]], [[Bellary]], [[Belgaum]], [[Bangalore]], [[Danapur]], [[Jabalpur]], [[Kanpur]], [[Bathinda]], [[Delhi]], [[Nilgiris district|Nilgiris]], [[Chennai]], [[Mumbai]], [[Pune]], [[Meerut]], [[Ramgarh Cantonment|Ramgarh]], [[Secunderabad]], [[Kasauli]] and [[Trichy]], contained large [[cantonment]]s of the former [[British Indian Army]], with Meerut and Ramgarh being two of the most important cantonments in [[North India|Northern India]], second only to the headquarters at Rawalpindi (now in Pakistan). Meerut was established in 1803, and for 150 years was the largest cantonment in the region. Although cantonments in India were considered to be semi-permanent in the 18th and 19th centuries, by the turn of the 20th century, they had transitioned to being permanent garrisons. They were further entrenched as such, via the military reforms of
[[Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|Lord Kitchener]] in 1903, and the Cantonments Act of 1924.<ref name= "Sheikh">{{cite web |url=https://webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/momers_termpapers/ss153LahoreCantonment.htm&date=2009-10-26+02:56:58 |title=Lahore Cantonment |last1= Sheikh |first1=Omer |last2=Ali |first2=Amna |date=26 October 2009 |website=geocities.com |access-date=29 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/repealed-act/repealed_act_documents/A1924-2.pdf |title=THE CANTONMENTS ACT, 1924 |website=indiacode.nic.in |publisher=India Code |access-date=29 November 2023}}</ref>

At India's Independence in 1947, India had 56 cantonments. After this India added 6 cantonments the last being Ajmer Cantonment in 1962, taking the total number to 62. They covered an area of {{Convert|161000|acre|km2}}.<ref name="ten-cantonments">{{Cite web |last=Ray |first=Kalyan |title=Ten army cantonments to be handed over to civil authorities |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/ten-army-cantonments-to-be-handed-over-to-civil-authorities-3172901 |access-date=2 September 2024 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

As of 2019, there were sixty-one "notified cantonments" in India, occupying an area of {{Convert|157000|acre|km2}}:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mod.gov.in/sites/default/files/MoDAR2018.pdf |title= Annual Report 2018-19: Ministry of Defence |website=mod.gov.in |publisher=Ministry of Defence |access-date= 4 May 2022 |quote= The Ministry of Defence owns approximately 17.57 lakh acres of land throughout the country managed by the three Services and other Organizations like DGDE, Ordnance Factory Board, DRDO, DGQA, CGDA etc. The Army has the maximum of the land i.e. 14.147 lakh acres followed by Air Force 1.40 lakh acres and Navy 0.44 lakh acres. The defence land inside the notified Cantonments is approximately 1.57 lakh acres and the remaining around 16.00 lakh lies outside the Cantonments |page= 131 }}</ref> twenty-five in [[Central Command (India)|Central Command]], nineteen in [[Southern Command (India)|Southern Command]], thirteen in [[Western Command (India)|Western Command]], four in [[Eastern Command (India)|Eastern Command]], and one in [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command]].<ref name="Directorate General Defence Estates, cantonments">{{cite web|title=Directorate General Defence Estates Main menu|url=http://www.dgde.gov.in/?q=cantonments|publisher=Directorate General Defence Estates|access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref>

On 24 July 2024, a press release notified that, in order to move on from older Colonial-era concepts, Ministry of Defence has decided to give up responsibility to consider to excise civil areas of certain Cantonments and merge them with neighbouring State municipalities. As of then, there were 58 Cantonments of which 10 were to be handed over in the first phase. The administration of civil areas was to be handed over from [[Directorate General Defence Estates|Cantonment Boards]] to the neighbouring [[Municipality|Municipalities]] while the military region was to remain with the Armed Forces.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2024 |title=MOVING AWAY FROM THE BRITISH-ERA CONCEPT OF CANTONMENT TOWNS |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1942023 |access-date=2 September 2024 |website=Press Information Bureau}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2024 |title=Defence Ministry denotifies civil areas of 10 cantonments |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/defence-ministry-denotifies-civil-areas-of-10-cantonments-9199995/ |access-date=2 September 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Military Cantonments To Lose Control On Civil Areas. What This Means |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/military-cantonments-to-lose-control-on-civil-areas-what-this-means-6002301 |access-date=2 September 2024 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> However, on 27 April 2024, KhasYol had become the first cantonment board to be "de-notified".<ref name="KhasYol">{{Cite news |date=29 April 2023 |title=Khasyol in Dharamshala 1st Cantonment in country to lose civilian area control |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/shimla/khasyol-1st-cantonment-in-country-to-lose-civilian-area-control/articleshow/99859284.cms |access-date=2 September 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

On 2 September 2024, it was reported that paperwork are being completed to handover civilian areas of Cantonments from the Indian Army. The Cantonments include Dehradun, Deolali, Nasirabad, Babina, Ajmer, Ramgarh, Mathura, Shahjahanpur, Clement Town and Fatehgarh. The report sain, "Indian Army's [[Central Command (India)|Central Command]], [[South Western Command (India)|South Western Command]] and [[Southern Command (India)|Southern Command]] are in the process of completing the hand over exercise in coordination with [[Government of Uttarakhand|Uttarakhand]], [[Government of Maharashtra|Maharashtra]], [[Government of Rajasthan|Rajasthan]], [[Government of Jharkhand|Jharkhand]] and [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]] governments."<ref name="ten-cantonments" />

Major cantonments and garrisons include the following:<ref>{{cite web |title=Cantonment Boards |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=90277 |access-date=4 May 2022 |website=pib.gov.in |publisher=Press Information Bureau}}</ref>

== Notified cantonments ==
* [[Central Command (India)|Central Command]]
# [[Agra Cantonment]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
# [[Almora|Almora Cantonment]], [[Uttarakhand]]
# [[Ayodhya Cantonment]], Uttar Pradesh
# [[Bareilly Cantonment]], Uttar Pradesh
# [[Chakrata|Chakrata Cantonment]], Uttarakhand
# [[Clement Town|Clement Town Cantonment]], Uttarakhand (To be denotified)<ref name="ten-cantonments" />
# [[Danapur Cantonment]], [[Bihar]]
# [[Dehradun Cantonment]], Uttarakhand (To be denotified)<ref name="ten-cantonments" />
# Fatehgarh Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh (To be denotified)<ref name="ten-cantonments" />
# [[Gopalpur (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gopalpur Cantonment]], [[Odisha]]
# [[Jabalpur Cantonment]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
# [[Kanpur Cantonment]], Uttar Pradesh
# [[Landour|Landour Cantonment]], Uttarakhand
# [[Lansdowne, India|Lansdowne Cantonment]], Uttarakhand
# [[Lucknow]] Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh
# [[Mathura|Mathura Cantonment]], Uttar Pradesh (To be denotified)<ref name="ten-cantonments" />
# [[Meerut Cantonment]], Uttar Pradesh
# [[Mhow Cantonment]], Madhya Pradesh
# [[Nainital Cantonment]], Uttarakhand
# [[Pachmarhi Cantonment]], Madhya Pradesh
# [[Prayagraj|Prayagraj Cantonment]], Uttar Pradesh
# [[Ramgarh Cantonment]], [[Jharkhand]] (To be denotified)<ref name="ten-cantonments"/>
# [[Ranikhet|Ranikhet Cantonment]], Uttarakhand
# [[Roorkee Cantonment]], Uttarakhand
# Shahajahanpur Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh (To be denotified)<ref name="ten-cantonments"/>
# [[Varanasi Cantonment]], Uttar Pradesh
* [[Southern Command (India)|Southern Command]]
# [[Ahmedabad Cantonment]], [[Gujarat]]
# Ahmednagar Cantonment, [[Maharashtra]]
# Ajmer Cantonment, [[Rajasthan]] (To be denotified)<ref name="ten-cantonments"/>
# [[Aurangabad Cantonment]], Maharashtra
# Babina Cantonment, Jhansi, [[Uttar Pradesh]] (To be denotified)<ref name="ten-cantonments"/>
# [[Belgaum Cantonment]], [[Karnataka]]
# [[Bellary Cantonment]], Karnataka (Inactive, De-notified)<ref>{{Cite web|last=Malagi|first=Shivakumar G.|date=16 August 2017|title=Ballari's jail walls have many a story to tell|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/160817/ballaris-jail-walls-have-many-a-story-to-tell.html|access-date=15 August 2020|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref>
# [[Dehu Road|Dehu Road Cantonment]], Maharashtra
# [[Deolali|Deolali Cantonment]], Maharashtra (To be denotified)<ref name="ten-cantonments"/>
# [[Jhansi Cantonment]], Uttar Pradesh
# Kamptee Cantonment, Maharashtra
# [[Kannur Cantonment]], [[Kerala]]
# [[Kirkee|Kirkee Cantonment]], Maharashtra
# [[Morar Cantonment]], [[Gwalior]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
# Nasirabad Cantonment, Rajasthan (To be denotified)<ref name="ten-cantonments"/>
# [[Pune Cantonment]], Maharashtra
# [[Sagar Cantonment]], Madhya Pradesh
# [[Secunderabad]] Cantonment, [[Telangana]]
# St. Thomas Mount Cantonment, Chennai, [[Tamil Nadu]]
# [[Wellington Cantonment]], Tamil Nadu
* [[Western Command (India)|Western Command]]
# [[Ambala Cantonment]], [[Haryana]]
# [[Amritsar Cantonment]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
# [[Bakloh|Bakloh Cantonment]], [[Chamba District]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]
# [[Dagshai|Dagshai Cantonment]], Himachal Pradesh
# [[Dalhousie Cantonment]], Himachal Pradesh
# [[Delhi Cantonment]], Delhi
# [[Ferozepur Cantonment]], Punjab
# [[Jalandhar Cantonment]], Punjab
# [[Jammu Cantonment]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
# [[Jutogh|Jutogh Cantonment]], Shimla, Himachal Pradesh
# [[Kasauli|Kasauli Cantonment]], Himachal Pradesh
# [[Sabathu|Subathu Cantonment]], Shimla Hills, Himachal Pradesh
# [[Yol, Himachal Pradesh|KhasYol Cantonment]], [[Dharamshala]], Himachal Pradesh (de-notified on 2023)<ref name="KhasYol"/>
* [[Eastern Command (India)|Eastern Command]]
# [[Barrackpore]], [[West Bengal]]
# [[Dum Dum Cantonment]], West Bengal (Inactive, De-notified)
# [[Jalapahar]], [[Darjeeling]], West Bengal
# [[Lebong Valley|Lebong]], Darjeeling, West Bengal
# [[Shillong]] Cantonment, [[Meghalaya]]
* [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command]]
# [[Badami Bagh|Badamibagh Cantonment]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]

== Unlisted military cantonments ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=May 2014}}

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
# Abohar Cantonment (Abohar, Punjab)
# Akhnoor Cantonment (Akhnoor, Jammu and Kashmir)
# Baddowal Cantonment (Ludhiana, Punjab)
# [[Bangalore Cantonment]] (Bangalore, Karnataka)
# Bikaner Cantonment (Bikaner, Rajasthan)
# Bharatpur Cantonment (Rajasthan)
# Bhatinda Cantonment (Bhatinda, Punjab)
# Binnaguri Cantonment (West Bengal)
# Bhuj Cantonment (Bhuj, Gujarat)
# Bhopal Cantonment (Madhya Pradesh)
# Beas Military Station (Punjab)
# [[Chandimandir Cantonment]] (Chandigarh)
# Dipatoli Cantonment (Ranchi, Jharkhand)
# Faridkot Cantonment (Faridkot, Punjab)
# Fazilka Cantonment (Fazilka, Punjab)
# Gandhinagar Cantonment (Gandhinagar, Gujarat)
# Gopalpur Cantonment (Brahmapur, Orissa)
# Hisar Cantonment (Hisar, Haryana)
# Itarana Cantonment (Alwar, Rajasthan)
# Jaipur Cantonment (Jaipur, Rajasthan)
# Jaisalmer Cantonment (Jaisalmer, Rajasthan)
# Jodhpur Cantonment (Rajasthan)
# [[Joshimath|Joshimath Cantonment]] (Joshimath, Uttarakhand)
# Kapurthala Cantonment (Kapurthala, Punjab)
# Khasa Cantonment (Amritsar, Punjab)
# [[Kollam Cantonment]] (Kollam, India)
# Ludhiana Cantonment (Punjab)
# Mamun Cantonment (Pathankot, Punjab)
# Missamari Cantonment (Missamari, Assam)
# Nagrota Cantonment (Nagrota, Jammu & Kashmir)
# Narengi Cantonment (Guwahati, Assam)
# Pathankot Cantonment (Pathankot, Punjab)
# Patiala Cantonment (Punjab)
# [[Pithoragarh|Pithoragarh Cantonment]] (Pithoragarh , Uttarakhand)
# Shahjahanpur Cantonment (Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh)
# Solmara Cantonment (Tezpur, Assam)
# Sri Ganganagar Cantonment (Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan)
# Suratgarh Cantonment (Suratgarh, Rajasthan)
# Thiruvananthapuram Cantonment (Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala)
# Tibri Cantonment (Gurdaspur, Punjab)
# Udhampur Cantonment (Udhampur, Jammu & Kashmir)
# Udaipur Cantonment (Rajasthan)
# Vadodara Cantonment (Vadodara, Gujarat)
# [[Varanasi Cantonment]], Uttar Pradesh, Central Command
# Siliguri Cantonment(West Bengal)
# [[Shillong Cantonment]](Meghalaya)
{{Div col end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Cantonments of India]]

Manoj Kumar (Jharkhand politician)

2026-04-20T01:59:07Z

DinahFlo5043561: Added The Biography V1

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Manoj Kumar
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1964|6|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Palamau]], [[Jharkhand]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Member of parliament|MP]]
| constituency = [[Palamau (Lok Sabha constituency)|Palamau]]
| party = [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]]
| spouse = [[Pushpa Devi]]
| children = 3 sons and 2 daughters
| date = 25 September
| year = 2006
| source = http://164.100.24.208/ls/lsmember/biodata.asp?mpsno=4162
}}

'''Manoj Kumar''' (born 15 June 1964) was a member of the [[14th Lok Sabha]] of India. He represented the [[Palamau]] constituency of [[Jharkhand]] and is a member of the [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] (RJD) political party.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131210/news-current-affairs/gallery/meet-aam-aadmi-party-aap-winners-politicians-difference|title=Meet Aam Aadmi Party winners: Politicians with a difference|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=10 December 2013|accessdate=1 August 2019}}</ref>

He was expelled from the Lok Sabha in December 2005, following allegations of improper conduct. An investigation showed that Kumar and 10 other Members of Parliament had accepted money in exchange for raising certain questions in parliament, and [[14th Lok Sabha#Expulsion of members for contempt of the House|all eleven MPs were expelled]].<ref>{{cite news |title=11 MPs caught taking bribes in sting operation |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-11-mps-caught-taking-bribes-in-sting-operation-1001787 |work=DNA India |agency=PTI |date=12 December 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=2005 cash-for-query scam: What was the scandal for which 11 former MPs face trial? |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/2005-cash-for-query-scam-what-was-the-scandal-for-which-11-former-mps-face-trial/story-7cFLXU7SffoQhsxKnS2ACM.html |access-date=27 June 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=7 December 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060203135000/http://164.100.24.208/ls/lsmember/homepage.asp?mpsno=4162 Home Page on the Parliament of India's Website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Manoj}}
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Palamu district]]
[[Category:India MPs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Jharkhand]]
[[Category:People expelled from public office]]

{{Bihar-RJD-politician-stub}}

Semariya Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:34:48Z

DinahFlo5043561: added entry

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}

{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Semariya
| constituency_no = 69
| type = SLA
| map_image = 69-Semariya.svg
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Rewa district|Rewa]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Rewa Lok Sabha constituency|Rewa]]
| established = 2008
| reservation = None
| mla = [[Abhay Mishra]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[K. P. Tripathi]]
| electors = {{formatnum:226107}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2023 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=26 January 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2029|1}}
}}
'''Semariya''' is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]].<ref name="election2013">{{cite web|title=Madhya Pradesh 2013|url=http://www.myneta.info/mp2013/index.php?action=show_candidates&constituency_id=175|website=myneta.info|publisher=National Election Watch|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="election2018">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies|url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/se98/background/S12/ListACs-MP.html|website=eci.nic.in|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="election2018-1">{{cite web|title=Vidhansabha Seats|url=http://www.electionsinindia.com/madhyapradesh/statepc.aspx|website=electionsininda.com|publisher=Election In India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref>

It is part of [[Rewa district]].

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
Before 2008, this area came under [[Rewa Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=सेमरिया विधानसभा का परिचय और इतिहास |url=https://meribaate.in/rewa-ke-semariya-vidhansabha-ka-parichay/ |website=Meri Baate}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name="election2008">{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3739-madhya-pradesh-2008/ |url-access=limited |access-date=22 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
|[[Abhay Mishra]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<ref name="election2013-1">{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3740-madhya-pradesh-2013/ |url-access=limited |access-date=22 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
|Neelam Abhay Mishra
|-
|[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name="election2018-2">{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |accessdate=30 September 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
|[[K. P. Tripathi]]
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<ref name="election2023-1">{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2023 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |url-access=limited |access-date=26 January 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| [[Abhay Mishra]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Semariya<ref name="election2023"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Abhay Mishra]]
|votes = {{formatnum:56024}}
|percentage = 34.92
|change = +5.52
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[K. P. Tripathi]]
|votes = {{formatnum:55387}}
|percentage = 34.53
|change = -0.57
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Pankaj Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:44158}}
|percentage = 27.53
|change = -0.67
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1069}}
|percentage = 0.67
|change = +0.34
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:637}}
|percentage = 0.39
|change = -5.31
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:160418}}
|percentage = 70.95
|change = +1.96
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Semariya<ref name=election2018 name="election2018-3">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="election2018"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[K. P. Tripathi]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:47889}}
|percentage = 35.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Triyugi Narayan Shukla
|votes = {{formatnum:40113}}
|percentage = 29.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Pankaj Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:38477}}
|percentage = 28.2
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Apna Dal
|candidate = Ramrati Kewat
|votes = {{formatnum:1485}}
|percentage = 1.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:452}}
|percentage = 0.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:7776}}
|percentage = 5.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:136434}}
|percentage = 68.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Semaria|Semariya]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coords|24.79|81.15|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rewa district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

{{Madhya Pradesh-stub}}

Deccani literature

2026-04-17T06:59:00Z

DinahFlo5043561: Adding A Data

{{Short description|Literature produced in Deccani Urdu}}
'''Deccani literature''' ({{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|ادبیات دكهنى}}}}, {{Transliteration|ur|ALA-LC|''“Adbiyāt-i-Dakhni Urdū”''}}) is the literature produced in the [[Deccani language|Deccani language]].<ref name="Digby">{{Cite journal|last=Digby|first=Simon|title=Before Timur Came: Provincialization of the Delhi Sultanate through the Fourteenth Century|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25165052|journal=Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient|year=2004|volume=47|issue=3|pages=333–335|doi=10.1163/1568520041974657|jstor=25165052|url-access=subscription}}</ref> The earliest forms of Deccani literature are in the form of Sufi and Bhakti texts with poetic genres.<ref name="Digby"/> The timeline of Deccani literature is divided into two periods: medieval (1300–1800) and modern (after 1800). Though Medieval Deccani literature consists of ''[[Mathnawi]]'' it also has various genres, including works of "Fakhruddin Nizami" ''[[Kadam Rao Padam Rao]]'' (1434 AD), Deccani Masnavi originated during the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] of the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] in the early 14th and 15th century; they are written in [[rhyming couplet]]s in [[Deccan Urdu|Deccani]], the use of [[grammar]] and [[Meter (poetry)|meter]] similar with ''[[Masnavi (poetic form)|Masnavi]]'' of [[Urdu language]].<ref name="Digby"/><ref name="Brill">Bruijn, J.T.P. de; Flemming, B.; Rahman, Munibur. "Mat̲h̲nawī." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2010. Brill Online. Augustana. 18 October 2011 http://www.brillonline.nl/subscriber/entry?entry=islam_COM-0709 {{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} pp. 9</ref>

In the late 15th and early 16th century, after the Bahmani Sultanate disintegrated into the [[Deccan sultanates|Deccan Sultanates]], the Deccani literary tradition was largely developed and became concentrated at [[Golconda Sultanate|Golconda]] and [[Bijapur Sultanate|Bijapur]].{{Sfn|Shaheen|Shahid|2018|p=100}} Numerous Deccani poets were patronized during this time. According to Shaheen and Shahid, Golconda was the literary home of Asadullah Wajhi (author of ''Sab Ras''), ibn-e-Nishati (''Phulban''), and Ghwasi (''Tutinama''). Bijapur played host to Hashmi Bijapuri, San‘ati, and Mohammed Nusrati over the years.{{Sfn|Shaheen|Shahid|2018|p=124}} The rulers themselves participated in these cultural developments. [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]] of the [[Golconda Sultanate]] wrote poetry in Deccani, which was compiled into a ''[[Kulliyat]].'' It is widely considered to be the earliest Deccani Urdu poetry of a secular nature.{{Sfn|Rahman|2011|p=27}}<ref name="Masud">{{cite book |title=Mohammad Quli Qutb Shah |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |pages=50–77 |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-260-0233-7 |last=Hussain Khan |first=Masud}}</ref> and ''[[Lazzat Un Nisa]]'', a book compiled in the 16th century at Qutb Shahi courts contains secret medicines and stimulants in the eastern form of ancient sexual arts.<ref name="Lizzat-un-nisa">{{cite book |title=Scent in the Islamic Garden: A Study of Deccani Urdu Literary Sources |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=40 |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-579334-5 |first=Ali Alber |last=Husain}}</ref> [[Ibrahim Adil Shah II]] of the [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Bijapur Sultanate]] produced ''Kitab-e-Navras'' (Book of the Nine [[Rasa (aesthetics)|Rasas]]), a work of musical poetry written entirely in Deccani.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Matthews|first=David J.|title=Eighty Years of Dakani Scholarship|url=https://minds.wisconsin.edu/handle/1793/11813|journal=The Annual of Urdu Studies|year=1993|volume=9|pages=92–93}}</ref> In 18the century a collection of Urdu ''[[Ghazal]]'' poetry, named ''Gulzar-e-Mahlaqa'', authored by [[Mah Laqa Bai]]—the first female Urdu poet to produce a Diwan—was published in Hyderabad.<ref name="Mah laqa bai">{{cite book |title=Women writing in India volume 1, 600 BC to the early twentieth century |publisher=[[The Feminist Press]] |pages=[https://archive.org/details/womenwritinginin00thar/page/120 120]–122 |year=1991 |isbn=978-1-55861-027-9 |first1=Susie J. |last1=Tharu |first2=K. |last2=Lalita |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/womenwritinginin00thar}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{citation |first=Hans R. |last=Dua |chapter=Hindi-Urdu as a pluricentric language |editor=Michael Clyne |title=Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ieMgAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA383 |year=2012 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-088814-0}}
* {{citation |title=From Hindi to Urdu: A Social and Political History |last=Rahman |first=Tariq |author-link=Tariq Rahman |year=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-906313-0 |url=http://www.tariqrahman.net/content/hindiurdu1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010094507/http://www.tariqrahman.net/content/hindiurdu1.pdf |archive-date=10 October 2014}}
*{{Citation|last=Mustafa|first=K.S|title=Dakkhni|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9WroLC__7EUC|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of the Linguistic Sciences: Issues and Theories|pages=185–186|year=2008|editor-last=Prakāśaṃ|editor-first=Vennelakaṇṭi|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=978-1139465502}}
*{{Citation|last1=Shaheen|first1=Shagufta|title=The Unique Literary Traditions of Dakhnī|work=Languages and Literary Cultures in Hyderabad|year=2018|editor-last=Azam|editor-first=Kousar J|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781351393997|last2=Shahid|first2=Sajjad}}
*{{Cite thesis|last=Matthews|first=David J.|title=Dakani Language and Literature|date=1976|publisher=SOAS University of London|url=https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.465269|url-access=registration}}

[[Category:Urdu-language literature]]
[[Category:Early modern literature]]
[[Category:Languages of India]]

Dadenggre Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:33:08Z

DinahFlo5043561: Adding Article

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Meghalaya State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Dadenggre
| state = [[Meghalaya]]
| type= SLA
| map_image = Dadenggre Assembly constituency map.svg
| constituency_no = 49
| district = [[West Garo Hills district|West Garo Hills]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Tura Lok Sabha constituency|Tura]]
| established = 1972
| reservation = ST
| mla = [[Rupa M. Marak]]
| party = [[All India Trinamool Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| electors = {{formatnum:36136}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14873-meghalayaexcluding-ac-23/ |title=Meghalaya General Legislative Election 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in|access-date=11 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|05}}
}}
'''Dadenggre''' is a town in the [[West Garo Hills district]] and one of the 60 [[Meghalaya Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Meghalaya]] state in [[India]].<ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceomeghalaya.nic.in/gis-map/00-pc-map-meghalaya.pdf |title=Map of Meghalaya Parliamentary Constituencies |website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |accessdate= 30 January 2021}}</ref> It is part of [[West Garo Hills district|West Garo Hills]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]]. It falls under [[Tura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tura Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="election">{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/meghalaya/polling-stations/dadenggre.html|title= Dadenggre (Meghalaya) Assembly Constituency Elections |work=elections.in |accessdate=23 June 2019}}</ref> Current MLA from this constituency is [[James Sangma]] of [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/meghalaya/assembly-constituencies/2018-election-results.html |title=Meghalaya Assembly Election 2018 Result |work=elections.in |accessdate=23 June 2019}}</ref><ref name="theshillongtimes">{{cite web|url=http://www.theshillongtimes.com/2017/06/10/another-bureaucrat-resigns-to-join-politics/|title=Another bureaucrat resigns to join politics|website=The Shillong Times|date=10 June 2017|accessdate=12 September 2019|archive-date=21 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921022845/http://theshillongtimes.com/2017/06/10/another-bureaucrat-resigns-to-join-politics/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="news18">{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/as-flood-situation-in-meghalaya-worsens-cm-sangma-seeks-central-help-2235271.html|title=As Flood Situation in Meghalaya Worsens, CM Sangma Seeks Central Help|website=News18|date=17 July 2019 |accessdate=12 September 2019}}</ref>

==Member of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|-
| [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Reidson Momin || {{Full party name with color|All Party Hill Leaders Conference|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Bronson W. Momin
|-
| [[1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || Norwin Sangma || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1988]] || Norwin B. Sangma
|-
| [[1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1993]] || rowspan=2 | Augustine D.Marak || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
| [[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2003]] || Edmund K Sangma || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || Augustine D.Marak || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || rowspan=2 | [[James Sangma|James Pangsang Kongkal Sangma]] || {{Full party name with color|National People's Party (India)|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
| [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[Rupa M. Marak]] || {{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2023===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Dadenggre<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]] |title=General Election to Vidhna Sabha Trends & Result MArch - 2023 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/ConstituencywiseS157.htm?ac=7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302144159/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/ConstituencywiseS157.htm?ac=7 |archive-date=2 March 2023 |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rupa M. Marak]] |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=15,702 |percentage=48.18% |change={{increase}}42.73 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[James Sangma|James Pangsang Kongkal Sangma]] |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=15,684 |percentage=48.12% |change={{increase}}22.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Braining R. Marak |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=481 |percentage=1.48% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chesterfield Sangma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=367 |percentage=1.13% |change={{decrease}}13.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Witjeng N. Sangma |party=Republican Party of India (Athawale) |votes=359 |percentage=1.10% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=326 |percentage=1.00% |change={{decrease}}0.68 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=18 |percentage=0.06% |change= {{decrease}}9.98 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=32,593 |percentage=90.20% |change= {{decrease}}1.79 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 36,136 |ref = |change= {{increase}}19.81 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Trinamool Congress |loser=National People's Party (India) |swing= {{increase}}22.09 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2018===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Dadenggre<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]] |title=Form 20 - Polling Station Wise Result Sheet of General Election 2018 to the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2018/form20.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208162439/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2018/form20.html |archive-date=8 February 2024 |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[James Sangma|James Pangsang Kongkal Sangma]] |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=7,239 |percentage=26.09% |change={{decrease}}3.83 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rupa M. Marak]] |party=Independent politician |votes=4,454 |percentage=16.05% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=June Eliana R. Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=4,242 |percentage=15.29% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ismail R. Marak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,953 |percentage=14.25% |change={{decrease}}8.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Levastone T. Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=3,576 |percentage=12.89% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bredar Bolwari Marak |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=1,510 |percentage=5.44% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Labenn Ch. Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=1,436 |percentage=5.18% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=465 |percentage=1.68% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,785 |percentage=10.04% |change= {{increase}}6.33 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=27,746 |percentage=91.99% |change= {{increase}}0.69 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 30,162 |ref = |change= {{increase}}22.52 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=National People's Party (India) |loser=National People's Party (India) |swing= {{decrease}}3.83 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2013===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Dadenggre<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=Election Commission of India- State Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2013/10-Reports/10-detailed-results.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104021738/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2013/10-Reports/10-detailed-results.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[James Sangma|James Pangsang Kongkal Sangma]] |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=6,725 |percentage=29.92% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ismail R. Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=5,892 |percentage=26.21% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Purno K. Sangma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,180 |percentage=23.05% |change={{decrease}}16.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sengman R. Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=3,023 |percentage=13.45% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Somip R. Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=1,367 |percentage=6.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rohidas Marak |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=290 |percentage=1.29% |change={{decrease}}32.29 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=833 |percentage=3.71% |change= {{decrease}}2.03 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=22,477 |percentage=91.30% |change= {{decrease}}0.61 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 24,618 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.90 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=National People's Party (India) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}9.40 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2008===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Dadenggre<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=General Election to Legislative Assembly, Mar 2008 - Valid Votes Secured |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2008-la.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104021122/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2008-la.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Augustine D.Marak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,401 |percentage=39.32% |change={{decrease}}2.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Edmund K.Sangma |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=7,176 |percentage=33.58% |change={{decrease}}9.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pejush R. Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=1,878 |percentage=8.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=David Ch.Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=1,610 |percentage=7.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Josasburdin A.Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=745 |percentage=3.49% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hapine M.Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=676 |percentage=3.16% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sengban R. Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=444 |percentage=2.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,225 |percentage=5.73% |change= {{increase}}3.97 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,367 |percentage=91.91% |change= {{increase}}14.08 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 23,247 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}1.51 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Nationalist Congress Party |swing= {{decrease}}3.95 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2003===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Dadenggre<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=General Election to Legislative Assembly, Mar 2003 - Valid Votes Secured |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2003-la.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104020753/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2003-la.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Edmund K Sangma |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=7,948 |percentage=43.26% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Augustine D.Marak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,625 |percentage=41.51% |change={{decrease}}1.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sengban R. Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=1,290 |percentage=7.02% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hemrith Marak |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=913 |percentage=4.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jova Marak |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=345 |percentage=1.88% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Witherson Marak |party=Communist Party of India |votes=250 |percentage=1.36% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=323 |percentage=1.76% |change= {{decrease}}4.73 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=18,371 |percentage=77.83% |change= {{increase}}3.50 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 23,603 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.29 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nationalist Congress Party |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}5.77 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1998===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Dadenggre<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144917/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Augustine D.Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=7,871 |percentage=49.03% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Edmund K. Sangma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,830 |percentage=42.55% |change={{increase}}13.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Norwin Sangma |party=Garo National Council |votes=1,351 |percentage=8.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,041 |percentage=6.49% |change= {{increase}}6.18 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=16,052 |percentage=77.41% |change= {{decrease}}2.92 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 21,596 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.05 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Independent politician |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1993===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Dadenggre<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatReport_MG_93.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144200/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatReport_MG_93.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Augustine D.Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=4,399 |percentage=29.81% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Norwin B. Sangma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,354 |percentage=29.51% |change={{decrease}}5.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ranald Momin |party=Hill People's Union |votes=3,158 |percentage=21.40% |change={{increase}}0.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Denison Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=2,845 |percentage=19.28% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=45 |percentage=0.30% |change= {{decrease}}13.60 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,756 |percentage=79.55% |change= {{increase}}12.52 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 19,103 |ref = |change= {{increase}}19.78 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}4.93 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1988===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Dadenggre<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1988 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%201988%20Meghlaya.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144042/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%201988%20Meghlaya.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Norwin B. Sangma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,586 |percentage=34.74% |change={{decrease}}9.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Denison Sangma |party=Hill People's Union |votes=2,151 |percentage=20.84% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ronald Momin |party=Independent politician |votes=1,908 |percentage=18.48% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Levison Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=1,610 |percentage=15.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,435 |percentage=13.90% |change= {{decrease}}0.38 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,323 |percentage=67.82% |change= {{increase}}2.97 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 15,949 |ref = |change= {{increase}}25.74 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}9.08 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1983===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Dadenggre<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20ReportMeghalaya1983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025204117/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20ReportMeghalaya1983.pdf |archive-date=25 October 2017|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Norwin Sangma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,432 |percentage=43.81% |change={{increase}}5.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Denison M. Sangma |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=2,313 |percentage=29.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bronson W. Momin |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=2,088 |percentage=26.66% |change={{decrease}}35.16 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,119 |percentage=14.29% |change= {{decrease}}9.35 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,833 |percentage=65.54% |change= {{increase}}17.26 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 12,684 |ref = |change= {{increase}}22.37 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Dadenggre<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Meghalaya78%20.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143720/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Meghalaya78%20.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Bronson W. Momin |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=2,851 |percentage=61.82% |change={{decrease}}3.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Norwin Sangma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,761 |percentage=38.18% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,090 |percentage=23.63% |change= {{decrease}}7.53 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,612 |percentage=47.85% |change= {{increase}}20.79 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,365 |ref = |change= {{increase}}73.65 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |loser=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |swing= {{decrease}}3.77 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Dadenggre<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143519/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Reidson Momin |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=928 |percentage=65.58% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bronson W. Momin |party=Independent politician |votes=487 |percentage=34.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=441 |percentage=31.17% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,415 |percentage=26.55% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 5,969 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[List of constituencies of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Tura (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
*[[West Garo Hills district]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya}}

{{coord|25.72|90.19|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:West Garo Hills district]]
[[Category:Politics of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Meghalaya]]

Koppal Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:28:06Z

DinahFlo5043561: Put Up New Post

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Karnataka State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Koppal
| type = SLA
| map_image = 64-Koppal constituency.svg
| constituency_no = 64
| mla = [[K. Raghavendra Hitnal]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| preceded_by = [[Karadi Sanganna Amarappa]]
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Koppal district|Koppal]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Koppal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Koppal]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:254021}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/15163-karnataka-2023/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=24 July 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2028|7}}
}}

'''Koppal Assembly constituency''' is one of the 224 [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Karnataka]] in [[India]].<ref name=electors2019>{{cite web |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PCELE2019/GE2019_VOTERS_COUNT.pdf |title=Karnataka Loksabha Elections - 2019 - Voters Count |website=ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in |accessdate= 10 February 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Koppal district]].

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#BB8ED0" | [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Mahadevamma Basan Gowda || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Mallikarjun Patil || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Malikarjungouda Sanganagouda
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || Virupaxgouda
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || M. Virupakshappa Shivappa
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Veeranna Pampanna Mudgal || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || Diwatar Mallikarajun Basappa || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || Agadi Virupakshappa Sanganna || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || Diwatar Mallikarajun Basappa || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || rowspan="2" | [[Karadi Sanganna Amarappa]]
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || Basavaraj Bhimappa Hitnal. K || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || rowspan="2" | [[Karadi Sanganna Amarappa]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|-
| [[2011 elections in India#Karnataka|2011 By-election]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || rowspan="3" | [[K. Raghavendra Hitnal]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
| [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Koppal <ref name=election2023/><ref name="Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Koppal">{{cite news |title=Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Koppal |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS1064.htm?ac=64 |access-date=11 April 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of Indiaka |date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250411165416/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS1064.htm?ac=64 |archive-date=11 April 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[K. Raghavendra Hitnal]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 90,430 |percentage = 46.43% |change = {{decrease}}8.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Karadi Manjula |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 54,170 |percentage = 27.82% |change = {{decrease}}12.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = C. V. Chandrashekar |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 45,369 |percentage = 23.30% |change = {{increase}}20.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,317 |percentage = 0.68% |change = {{decrease}}0.12 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 36,260 |percentage = 18.62% |change = {{increase}}4.04 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 195,047 |percentage = 76.78% |change = {{increase}}1.73 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 194,749}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 254,021 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.39 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}8.21 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Koppal <ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/6933-karnataka-2018/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |accessdate= 4 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2018/karnataka/koppal-election-result/|title = Koppal Election Result 2018 Live: Koppal Assembly Elections Results (Vidhan Sabha Polls Result)}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[K. Raghavendra Hitnal]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 98,783 |percentage = 54.64% |change = {{decrease}}7.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Amaresh Sanganna Karadi |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 72,432 |percentage = 40.07% |change = {{decrease}}1.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. M. Syed |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 4,185 |percentage = 2.31% |change = {{decrease}}2.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,454 |percentage = 0.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 26,351 |percentage = 14.58% |change = {{decrease}}5.83 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 180,901 |percentage = 75.05% |change = {{increase}}0.67 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 180,782}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 241,032 |ref = |change = {{increase}}17.43 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}7.13 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2013 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Koppal <ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 : To the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2014-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220034253/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[K. Raghavendra Hitnal]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 81,062 |percentage = 61.77% |change = {{increase}}26.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Karadi Sanganna Amarappa]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 54,274 |percentage = 41.36% |change = {{decrease}}3.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pradeep Virupakshagouda |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 6,811 |percentage = 5.19% |change = {{decrease}}10.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. M. Syed |party = Karnataka Janata Paksha |votes = 4,118 |percentage = 3.14% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nekkanti Nagaraj |party = Badavara Shramikara Raitara Congress |votes = 2,609 |percentage = 1.99% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivakumar Vaderahalli |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 1,333 |percentage = 1.02% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 26,788 |percentage = 20.41% |change = {{increase}}11.13 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 152,663 |percentage = 74.38% |change = {{increase}}2.84 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 131,227}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 205,255 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.06 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}16.90 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly By-election 2011 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2011 elections in India#Karnataka|2011 Karnataka Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Koppal <ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/statistical-report/detailed-bye-election-results/ |title=Bye-Election Results - Election Commission of India |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=old.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Karadi Sanganna Amarappa]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 60,405 |percentage = 44.87% |change = {{increase}}25.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. B. B. Hitanal |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 47,917 |percentage = 35.59% |change = {{increase}}3.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. V. M. Kavaloorgoodra |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 20,719 |percentage = 15.39% |change = {{decrease}}25.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. S. S. Rayya |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,252 |percentage = 0.93% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. N. Patil |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 822 |percentage = 0.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,488 |percentage = 9.28% |change = {{increase}}0.60 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 134,639 |percentage = 71.54% |change = {{increase}}6.14 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 134,620}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 188,209 |ref = |change = {{increase}}3.21 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Janata Dal (Secular) |swing = {{increase}}4.30 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Koppal <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election Karnataka Legislative Assembly 2008 Election Statistics |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |publisher=Government of Karnataka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201232433/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Karadi Sanganna Amarappa]] |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 48,372 |percentage = 40.57% |change = {{increase}}35.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Basavaraj Bheemappa Hitnal |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 38,027 |percentage = 31.89% |change = {{decrease}}10.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Andanappa Agadi |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 22,851 |percentage = 19.16% |change = {{decrease}}18.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kariyanna H. Sangati |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,571 |percentage = 2.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mallikarjun Nijagunappa Hadapad |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,331 |percentage = 1.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sangappa Kalakappa Vakkalad |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,062 |percentage = 1.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = J. M. Veerasangayya |party = Sarvodaya Karnataka Paksha |votes = 1,210 |percentage = 1.01% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. B. Gonal |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,005 |percentage = 0.84% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Abdul Gafar Bepari |party = Independent politician |votes = 814 |percentage = 0.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,345 |percentage = 8.68% |change = {{increase}}3.83 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 119,249 |percentage = 65.40% |change = {{decrease}}0.95 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 119,243}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 182,348 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.69 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal (Secular) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}2.26 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Koppal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Basavaraj Bhimappa Hitnal. K |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 47,228 |percentage = 42.83% |change = {{increase}}18.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Karadi Sanganna Amarappa]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 41,880 |percentage = 37.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kodihalli Chandrashekher |party = Independent politician |votes = 8,666 |percentage = 7.86% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mahantayyanamath Ms |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 5,053 |percentage = 4.58% |change = {{decrease}}22.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Alawandi Gurumurthyswamy |party = Kannada Nadu Party |votes = 2,449 |percentage = 2.22% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chandrashekaragouda Patil |party = Janata Party |votes = 2,257 |percentage = 2.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mallikarjun Adapad |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,567 |percentage = 1.42% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kademani. G. S |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,176 |percentage = 1.07% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,348 |percentage = 4.85% |change = {{decrease}}16.66 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 110,302 |percentage = 66.35% |change = {{decrease}}2.11 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 110,276}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 166,237 |ref = |change = {{increase}}13.39 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Dal (United) |swing = {{decrease}}5.60 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Koppal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Karadi Sanganna Amarappa]] |party = Janata Dal (United) |votes = 46,441 |percentage = 48.43% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Basavaraj Hitnal |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 25,812 |percentage = 26.92% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Andanappa Agadi |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 23,637 |percentage = 24.65% |change = {{increase}}10.37 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 20,629 |percentage = 21.51% |change = {{increase}}13.06 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 100,363 |percentage = 68.46% |change = {{increase}}0.14 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 95,890}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 4,450 |percentage = 4.43% |change = {{increase}}1.59 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 146,605 |ref = |change = {{increase}}13.37 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal (United) |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}25.30 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Koppal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Karadi Sanganna Amarappa]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 19,850 |percentage = 23.13% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Angadi Hanumanthappa |party = Janata Dal |votes = 12,596 |percentage = 14.68% |change = {{decrease}}4.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Agadi Andanappa Gurushanthappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 12,544 |percentage = 14.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Diwatar Mallikarajun Basappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 12,260 |percentage = 14.28% |change = {{decrease}}18.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Basavaraja. K. Bithal |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 10,411 |percentage = 12.13% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kashamma Shanara Gouda Singatalur |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 7,279 |percentage = 8.48% |change = {{increase}}6.24 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. N. Quadri |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,913 |percentage = 8.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shankrappa Durgappa Kandani |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,983 |percentage = 2.31% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Devappa Channappa Jeenina |party = Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha |votes = 1,381 |percentage = 1.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,254 |percentage = 8.45% |change = {{decrease}}2.13 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 88,351 |percentage = 68.32% |change = {{increase}}1.57 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 85,829}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,510 |percentage = 2.84% |change = {{decrease}}4.84 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 129,312 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.66 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Independent politician |swing = {{decrease}}20.32 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Koppal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Diwatar Mallikarajun Basappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 32,163 |percentage = 43.45% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shantanna Pampanna Mudgal |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 24,334 |percentage = 32.87% |change = {{decrease}}11.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Agadi Virupakshappa Sanganna |party = Janata Dal |votes = 14,431 |percentage = 19.50% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. V. Virupakshappa |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 1,661 |percentage = 2.24% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Somappa Dambal |party = Janata Party |votes = 661 |percentage = 0.89% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,829 |percentage = 10.58% |change = {{increase}}2.49 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 80,179 |percentage = 66.75% |change = {{decrease}}0.08 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 74,020}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 6,159 |percentage = 7.68% |change = {{increase}}5.24 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 120,116 |ref = |change = {{increase}}28.88 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Independent politician |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}9.43 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Koppal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Agadi Virupakshappa Sanganna |party = Janata Party |votes = 32,131 |percentage = 52.88% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shantanna Pampanna Mudgal |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 27,218 |percentage = 44.79% |change = {{decrease}}13.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sanna Nimbappa Gorwar |party = Independent politician |votes = 991 |percentage = 1.63% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. Siddappa Hiresindhogi |party = Independent politician |votes = 422 |percentage = 0.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,913 |percentage = 8.09% |change = {{decrease}}8.98 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 62,282 |percentage = 66.83% |change = {{increase}}5.38 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 60,762}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,520 |percentage = 2.44% |change = {{decrease}}2.59 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 93,198 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.54 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}5.65 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Koppal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Diwatar Mallikarajun Basappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 28,542 |percentage = 58.53% |change = {{increase}}47.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shankargouda Singatalur |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 20,219 |percentage = 41.47% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,323 |percentage = 17.07% |change = {{decrease}}17.53 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 51,346 |percentage = 61.45% |change = {{decrease}}5.32 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 48,761}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,585 |percentage = 5.03% |change = {{increase}}0.73 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 83,559 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.37 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{decrease}}3.17 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Koppal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Veeranna Pampanna Mudgal |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 30,402 |percentage = 61.70% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shankragouda Lingagouda Singataloor |party = Janata Party |votes = 13,353 |percentage = 27.10% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivamurthyswamy Siddappayyaswamy Inamdar |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 5,517 |percentage = 11.20% |change = {{decrease}}65.29 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 17,049 |percentage = 34.60% |change = {{decrease}}21.99 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 51,488 |percentage = 66.77% |change = {{increase}}10.65 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 49,272}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,216 |percentage = 4.30% |change = {{increase}}4.30 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 77,107 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}1.04 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}14.79 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Koppal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = M. Virupakshappa Shivappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 32,218 |percentage = 76.49% |change = {{increase}}25.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Mudieppa Ballolli |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 8,379 |percentage = 19.89% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. G. Lingangouda |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 1,526 |percentage = 3.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 23,839 |percentage = 56.59% |change = {{increase}}54.49 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 43,730 |percentage = 56.12% |change = {{decrease}}4.02 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 42,123}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 77,918 |ref = |change = {{increase}}18.57 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}25.44 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Koppal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Virupaxgouda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 18,770 |percentage = 51.05% |change = {{increase}}0.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shankragoudaru |party = Independent politician |votes = 17,998 |percentage = 48.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 772 |percentage = 2.10% |change = {{increase}}0.46 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 39,522 |percentage = 60.14% |change = {{increase}}7.96 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 36,768}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 65,715 |ref = |change = {{increase}}47.83 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}0.23 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Koppal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Malikarjungouda Sanganagouda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 10,701 |percentage = 50.82% |change = {{increase}}2.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patreppa Kenchappa Madnur |party = Lok Sewak Sangh |votes = 10,355 |percentage = 49.18% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 346 |percentage = 1.64% |change = {{decrease}}12.91 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 23,196 |percentage = 52.18% |change = {{decrease}}1.45 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 21,056}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 44,452 |ref = |change = {{increase}}13.28 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}2.25 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Koppal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111195053/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Mallikarjun Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 10,222 |percentage = 48.57% |change = {{increase}}2.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Huchappayyanmathad Pattadayya |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,161 |percentage = 34.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Virupaxappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,783 |percentage = 13.22% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kabbinad Gaviappa |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 878 |percentage = 4.17% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,061 |percentage = 14.55% |change = {{increase}}13.86 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 21,044 |percentage = 53.63% |change = {{increase}}5.61 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 21,044}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 39,242 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}20.16 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}1.50 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election]] : Koppal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Hyderabad |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606161433/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Mahadevamma Basan Gowda |party = Independent politician |votes = 11,110 |percentage = 47.07% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Irapanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 10,946 |percentage = 46.38% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Madalalji |party = Socialist Party (India) |votes = 1,546 |percentage = 6.55% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 164 |percentage = 0.69% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 23,602 |percentage = 48.02% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 23,602}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 49,149 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Independent politician |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Koppal district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Karnataka}}

[[Category:Koppal district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Mysore State]]
{{coord|15.35|76.15|display=title}}

Udgir

2026-04-09T03:25:44Z

DinahFlo5043561: added pg

{{short description|City in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Update|date=January 2026}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2026}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Udgir
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Maharashtra
| image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-align=center|plain=y|type=shape-inverse|id=Q1191|frame-width=370|frame-height=300|stroke-width=3|frame-lat=18.92|frame-long=76.68|zoom=6|type2=point|coord2={{coord|18|23|46|N|77|07|03|E}}|marker-size2=medium}}
| map_alt =
| map_caption =Udgir in Maharashtra
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|18|23|46|N|77|07|03|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = Maharashtra
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluka]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Latur district|Latur]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Udgir Taluka|Udgir]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder = unknown
| named_for = Udaygiri Baba
| government_type = [[Municipal Council]]
| governing_body = Udgir city Municipal Council, Udgir
| leader_title =
| leader_name = ''currently vacant''
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 66.800
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 632
| population_total = 435063
| population_as_of = 2011 census
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web| url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title=Cities having population 1 lakh and above, Census 2011 | access-date=2024-02-04 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111180618/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | archive-date=2018-11-11}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = 8007
| population_rank =
| population_demonym = Udgirkar
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 413517
| area_code = 02385
| registration_plate = MH-55
| area_code_type = Telephone code|
| blank_name = {{nowrap|[[Official language]]}}
| blank_info = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]<ref name="NCLMreport">[http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf National Commissioner Linguistic Minorities 50th report, page 131] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |date= 8 July 2016 }}. Government of India. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</ref>
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Latur Lok Sabha constituency|Latur]]
| website = {{URL|udgirmahaulb.maharashtra.gov.in/en}}
| footnotes =
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Udgir (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Udgir]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Assembly Constituencies-Post delimitation: Maharashtra: Latur District|publisher=National Informatics Centre, Government of India|url=http://gisserver1.nic.in/ecimaps/ECIPDF/Mah_Maps/Latur.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429055319/http://gisserver1.nic.in/ecimaps/ECIPDF/Mah_Maps/Latur.pdf|archive-date=29 April 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| unemployment_rate =
| official_name = Udayagiri
}}

'''Udgir''' is a city and Municipal Council in [[ District]] in the state of Maharashtra, India. It is also the headquarters for [[Udgir Taluka]], one of the ten talukas in Udgir, and one of the largest cities in [[Aurangabad division]] of the Indian state of [[Maharashtra]]. It is located in the [[Marathwada]] division of the state (one of the divisions of Maharashtra based on geographical conditions).<ref>{{GEOnet2|32FA8822A02A3774E0440003BA962ED3|Udgīr (Approved)}}, [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency|United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]</ref> The city is located very close to the borders of [[Karnataka]] and [[Telangana]] states. Udgir is home to the historical [[Udgir Fort]]. The town and nearby villages rely mainly on [[agriculture]], which serves as a major source of income for the population. Before independence, Udgir, Ahmadpur and Nilanga were part of Bidar District Hyderabad kingdom under the rule of Nizam Asifjah VI, After integration of Hyderabad kingdom into India it became part of Osmanabad district.

==Demographics==
Udgir is a [[Taluka]] located in the Latur [[district]] of Maharashtra. It is one of the 10 Talukas of Latur District. There are 98 [[villages]] and 2 towns in Udgir Taluka.

As per the population [[census]] of 2011,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/maharashtra/latur/udgir-population.html|title=Udgir Taluka Population - Latur, Maharashtra|date=2011|website=CENSUS India|access-date=21 January 2020|archive-date=16 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716105755/https://www.censusindia2011.com/maharashtra/latur/udgir-population.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Udgir Taluka has 56,806 households, and a population of 311,066 of which 161,568 are males and 149,498 are females. The population of children between the ages of 0-6 is 41,456 which is 13.33% of the total population.

The sex-ratio of Udgir Taluka is around 925 compared to 929 which is around the average of Maharashtra. The [[literacy rate]] of Udgir Taluka is 68.71% out of which 74.37% males and 62.6% females are literate. The total area of Udgir is 736.26 km2 with a population density of 422 per km2.

Out of its total population, 64.06% of the population lives in an [[urban area]] and 35.94% lives in a [[rural area]]. Marathi is the official language. [[Hindi]] & [[Urdu language|Urdu]] are also spoken.

The main source of income in Udgir Taluka comes from agriculture, shops and small scale industries. The town is popular for its inventory in [[food grains]] which is the result of high grain crop production in nearby villages.

==History==
[[File:The surrender of the Fort at Udgir to Khan Dawran (October 1636).jpg|thumb|The [[Mughal Army]] of [[Shah Jahan]] capture Udgir.]]

There are some old and popular places of worship located in the town and nearby which includes Shri Udalik Baba Temple, Shri Bodhan Aai Temple, Shri Somnathpur Temple, Shri Hawagi Swami Temple and Hazrath Khaja Sadharudeen Basha Dargha Sherif, which is about 400 years old. The town gets its name from the Saint Udalik or Udalik Baba who took Samadhi in the city's fort.

==Climate==
{{Weather box
| width = auto
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| location = Udgir (1991–2020)
| Jan record high C = 33.5
| Feb record high C = 36.8
| Mar record high C = 40.2
| Apr record high C = 42.3
| May record high C = 43.4
| Jun record high C = 46.2
| Jul record high C = 36.6
| Aug record high C = 35.0
| Sep record high C = 34.0
| Oct record high C = 39.0
| Nov record high C = 33.0
| Dec record high C = 33.3
| year record high C =
| Jan high C = 29.7
| Feb high C = 32.2
| Mar high C = 35.3
| Apr high C = 38.4
| May high C = 39.6
| Jun high C = 34.4
| Jul high C = 29.9
| Aug high C = 29.1
| Sep high C = 29.6
| Oct high C = 30.7
| Nov high C = 29.6
| Dec high C = 29.1
| year high C = 32.3
| Jan low C = 14.2
| Feb low C = 16.3
| Mar low C = 19.8
| Apr low C = 23.0
| May low C = 25.1
| Jun low C = 21.9
| Jul low C = 20.2
| Aug low C = 19.6
| Sep low C = 19.6
| Oct low C = 18.2
| Nov low C = 16.0
| Dec low C = 13.7
| year low C = 19.0
| Jan record low C = 7.1
| Feb record low C = 8.7
| Mar record low C = 13.7
| Apr record low C = 16.0
| May record low C = 16.6
| Jun record low C = 15.0
| Jul record low C = 16.3
| Aug record low C = 14.2
| Sep record low C = 15.2
| Oct record low C = 12.0
| Nov record low C = 9.0
| Dec record low C = 7.8
| year record low C =
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 6.8
| Feb rain mm = 11.0
| Mar rain mm = 32.4
| Apr rain mm = 20.7
| May rain mm = 20.2
| Jun rain mm = 107.9
| Jul rain mm = 206.2
| Aug rain mm = 221.5
| Sep rain mm = 227.5
| Oct rain mm = 85.4
| Nov rain mm = 13.5
| Dec rain mm = 1.1
| year rain mm = 954.1
| Jan rain days = 0.6
| Feb rain days = 1.4
| Mar rain days = 2.9
| Apr rain days = 2.1
| May rain days = 1.5
| Jun rain days = 8.2
| Jul rain days = 10.6
| Aug rain days = 11.1
| Sep rain days = 9.9
| Oct rain days = 3.9
| Nov rain days = 0.6
| Dec rain days = 0.1
| year rain days = 53.0
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|Jan humidity=41
|Feb humidity=34
|Mar humidity=32
|Apr humidity=25
|May humidity=27
|Jun humidity=52
|Jul humidity=70
|Aug humidity=72
|Sep humidity=72
|Oct humidity=55
|Nov humidity=51
|Dec humidity=45
|year humidity=48
| source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = April 8, 2024
}}</ref>}}

==Transport==

===Railway===
Udgir's railway station is connected by trains available from and to [[Hyderabad]], [[Bidar]], [[Latur]], [[Purna]], [[Parli Vaijnath]], [[Nanded]], [[Aurangabad]], [[Pune]], [[Mumbai]], [[Shirdi]], [[Bengaluru|Bangaluru]], [[Kazipet]], [[Guntur]], [[Vijayawada]] [[Kakinada]], [[Machilipatnam]] and [[Tirupati]]. Udgir comes under the [[South Central Railways]] zone of the [[Indian Railways]]; it is part of the [[Secunderabad railway division|Secunderabad Division]].

'''Upcoming Railway projects:''' 
The Udgir Bodhan railwayline was proposed in 1938 to connect Udgir with [[Nizamabad, Telangana|Nizamabad city]]. The 20 km railwayline was completed between Bodhan and Nizamabad and now the remaining 92 km railwayline will be planned{{citation needed|date=March 2026}}. During the Government of [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] the Udgir Bodhan railwayline was surveyed and became sanctioned. 
Another railwayline between Nanded and Udgir is also planned because Nanded and Bidar have Sikh holy cities and the government wants to connect them{{citation needed|date=March 2026}}. The 102 km Nanded Udgir railwayline is also planned{{citation needed|date=March 2026}}.

[[File:Udgir Railway Map.png|thumb|center|400px|Map showing the railway line connecting Nanded and Nizamabad (via Bodhan) to Udgir.]]

===Roads===
Udgir is connected by roads with all major villages and cities in Maharashtra and nearby states. Maharashtra's bus services, commonly known as ST or [[Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation]], operate day and night buses in and out of the town, providing overnight transportation. Interstate government transport buses are also available from and to [[Bidar]] and [[Hyderabad]].
Private buses also run daily from and to major cities like [[Mumbai]], [[Pune]] & [[Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar]].

Two [[National highways of India|National Highways]] pass through Udgir: [[NH 50]] passes through Udgir and connects to [[NH 65]] for [[Hyderabad]], and [[National Highway 63 (India)|NH 63]] starts from
[[Barshi]], [[Latur]], [[Renapur]], and [[Degloor]], and continues towards [[Nizamabad, Telangana|Nizamabad]].

===Air===
The nearest domestic airport is [[Shri Guru Gobind Singh Ji Airport]], [[Nanded]], [[Maharashtra]] which is 100 km away.
The nearest international airport, which is at 225 km from Udgir, is [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]] State, India.
Raja krishnadevray Domestic Airport, UDGIR is proposed for Udgir city but not mentioned in recent maharashtra budget or officially government of Maharashtra not declared.

==Agriculture==
The main occupation of the people of Udgir is agriculture. Udgir has farmers that make up the rural setting in most of the surrounding areas. The soil as a part of the Deccan plateau is black basalt soil, rich in hummus. The main crops cultivated here are whole grains, including jawar, bajra, and wheat. Crops like [[sorghum]], [[Mung bean|mung]], [[Pigeon pea|toor dal]], [[Black lentil|urad gram]], [[soybean]], [[sugarcane]], [[onion]]s, and other [[Green, leafy vegetables|green leafy vegetables]] are also cultivated.

A dairy was established in the early 1980s{{citation needed|date=March 2026}}. It emerged as a major employment resource for rural Udgirkars{{citation needed|date=March 2026}}. Due to gradually-lowered production, the dairy is at a standstill. It came under the state government-run project called Aarey which was institutionalized during the [[Operation Flood]]{{citation needed|date=March 2026}}.

Agriculture-based businesses like pulses (dal) industry, warehouses, cold storage, [[Sugarcane mill|sugarcane factories]] also run in Udgir. Udgir has around 80 dal (mills) processing units{{citation_needed|date=March 2026}}.

==Government Milk Scheme==
Udgir has a skimmed milk powder plant established in 1978 and has capacity processing 1 [[lakh]] [[litre]]s of dairy milk per day. Its conversion capacity is 10 M.T. S.M.P. per day.{{Technical inline|date=January 2020}}

==Places of interest==

===Udgir Fort===
[[Udgir Fort]] is a fort built in the pre-[[Bahmani Kingdom|Bahamani]] age which dates from the twelfth century CE. It is also famous for its historic battle in which [[the Marathas]], led by [[Sadashivrao Bhau]], defeated the [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]], and after which the treaty of Udgir was signed{{citation needed|date=March 2026}}. The fort is bounded by a 40-foot-deep trench, as the fort is built at ground level. In the fort are several palaces, [[Durbar (court)|Durbar halls]] and the grave of Udaygiri Maharaj which is 60 feet below ground level. It is rumoured{{by whom?|date=March 2026}} that the Udgir fort has a direct subway deep underground connecting with Bhalki and the [[Bidar Fort|Bidar]] forts.
{{wide image|Udgir Fort.jpg|800px|'''Udgir Fort'''|center}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.mahapwd.com/gismaps/latur/udgirtaluka.htm Udgir Taluka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716102837/http://www.mahapwd.com/gismaps/latur/udgirtaluka.htm |date=16 July 2011 }}
*[http://latur.gov.in/public-utility/उदगीर-413517/ Latur District]

{{Latur district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Latur district]]
[[Category:Hyderabad State]]
[[Category:Talukas in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Cities in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Villages in Udgir taluka]]

MasterChef India – Telugu season 1

2026-04-05T22:48:12Z

DinahFlo5043561: Added Basic Page And Citations

{{short description|Season of television series}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox television season
| season_number = 1
| bgcolour =
| image =MasterChef India - Telugu (season 1) Poster.jpg
| caption =
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = {{Plainlist|
* [[Tamannaah Bhatia]]
* (Episode 1–16)
* [[Anasuya Bharadwaj]]
* (Episode 17–24)
}}
| judges = {{Plainlist|
* Chalapathi Rao
* [[Sanjay Thumma]]
* Mahesh Padala
}}
| num_contestants = 14
| winner = K. Krishna Tejasvi
| runner_up = Kamal Jakkilink
}}
| num_episodes = 28
| network = {{Plainlist|
* [[Gemini TV]]
* [[Sun NXT]]
}}
| first_aired = {{Start date|2021|08|27|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2021|11|27|df=yes}}
| prev_series =
| next_series =
}}

'''Season 1''' of the Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language competitive [[reality television|reality TV]] series ''[[MasterChef India – Telugu]]'' aired from 27 August 2021 to 27 November 2021 on [[Gemini TV]]. [[Tamannaah Bhatia]] hosted the first 16 episodes, while [[Anasuya Bharadwaj]] took over episodes 17–24. No host was present for the remaining episodes. Professional chefs Chalapathi Rao, [[Sanjay Thumma]] and Mahesh Padala served as the judges. The winner of the competition was K. Krishna Tejasvi, a home baker from Hyderabad, with G. D. Anusha as the runner-up.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MasterChef Telugu season 1 to conclude without interim host Anasuya Bharadwaj - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/masterchef-telugu-season-1-to-conclude-without-interim-host-anasuya-bharadwaj/articleshow/87895129.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127124216/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/masterchef-telugu-season-1-to-conclude-without-interim-host-anasuya-bharadwaj/articleshow/87895129.cms |archive-date=27 November 2021 |access-date=28 November 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2021 |title=Krishna Tejasvi announced as the winner of MasterChef Telugu Season 1 |url=https://www.yovizag.com/krishna-tejasvi-announced-as-the-winner-of-masterchef-telugu-season-1/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128115400/https://www.yovizag.com/krishna-tejasvi-announced-as-the-winner-of-masterchef-telugu-season-1/ |archive-date=28 November 2021 |access-date=28 November 2021 |website=Vizag |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Format==
Out of approximately 5000 applicants, 800 were chosen for virtual auditions. From these, one hundred winners advanced to a live audition at Innovative Film City, Bengaluru. The top 20 home cooks from this round competed in the MasterChef apron challenge, with the winners securing a spot in the Top 14.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Murthy |first=Neeraja |date=16 August 2021 |title=Sanjeev Kumar on directing the 'MasterChef' in four South Indian regional languages |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/sanjeev-k-kumar-director-interview-masterchef-telugu-kannada-tamil-malayalam/article35934754.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818054001/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/sanjeev-k-kumar-director-interview-masterchef-telugu-kannada-tamil-malayalam/article35934754.ece |archive-date=18 August 2021 |access-date=30 September 2021 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 September 2021 |title=MasterChef Telugu of Innovative Film Academy unveils top 14 contestants |url=https://deccan.news/masterchef-telugu-of-innovative-film-academy-unveils-top-14-contestants/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002013700/https://deccan.news/masterchef-telugu-of-innovative-film-academy-unveils-top-14-contestants/ |archive-date=2 October 2021 |access-date=2 October 2021 |website=Deccan News |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Top 14 ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"
|-
! No
! style="width:45%;" |Contestant
! style="width:10%;" |Age
! style="width:10%;" |Hometown
! style="width:35%;" |Occupation
! Status
|-
|1
|K. Krishna Tejasvi
|32
|[[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]]
|home baker
|{{won|{{nowrap|Winner; 27 November}}}}
|-
|2
|G. D. Anusha
|22
|[[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]]
|house surgeon
|{{runner-up|{{nowrap|Runner-up; 27 November}}}}
|-
|3
|Kamal Jakkilinki
|32
|[[Visakhapatnam|Vizag]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
|fashion designer
|style="background:tan" |{{nowrap|Third; 27 November}}
|-
|4
|K. Parvathi Anupama
|48
|[[Secunderabad]], Telangana
|housewife
|rowspan=2 style="background:crimson;color:white" |{{nowrap|Eliminated; 26 November}}
|-
|5
|Mohammad Abdul Khader
|30
|Hyderabad, Telangana
|CEO
|-
|6
|Rachakonda Sai Sri
|19
|[[Mancherial]], Telangana
|engineering student
|style="background:crimson;color:white" |{{nowrap|Eliminated; 20 November}}
|-
|7
|Nazimunisha Mohammad
|27
|Hyderabad, Telangana
|student
|style="background:crimson;color:white" |{{nowrap|Eliminated; 6 November}}
|-
|8
|Thakur Jaideep Singh
|52
|Hyderabad, Telangana
|retired corporate secretary
|style="background:crimson;color:white" |{{nowrap|Eliminated; 30 October}}
|-
|9
|Sourabh Aravind
|37
|Hyderabad, Telangana
|architect
|style="background:crimson;color:white" |{{nowrap|Eliminated; 24 October}}
|-
|10
|Manisha Panda
|24
|Vizag, Andhra Pradesh
|safety officer
|style="background:crimson;color:white" |{{nowrap|Re-eliminated; 16 October}} {{nowrap|Eliminated; 4 September}}
|-
|11
|O. P. Manoj Kumar
|23
|Hyderabad, Telangana
|MNC employee
|style="background:crimson;color:white" |{{nowrap|Eliminated; 9 October}}
|-
|12
|Massirala Sarat Kumar
|31
|Vizag, Andhra Pradesh
|digital marketing
|style="background:crimson;color:white" |{{nowrap|Eliminated; 2 October}}
|-
|13
|Madhavi Mohan
|42
|Hyderabad, Telangana
|housewife
|style="background:crimson;color:white" |{{nowrap|Re-eliminated; 24 September}} {{nowrap|Eliminated; 18 September}}
|-
|14
|Priyadarshi Sahgal
|57
|Hyderabad, Telangana
|brand consultant
|style="background:crimson;color:white" |{{nowrap|Re-eliminated; 24 September}} {{nowrap|Eliminated; 11 September}}
|-
|}

==Elimination Table==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size: 8pt; line-height:25px;"
|-
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" |Contestant
! colspan="36" |Episode
|-
!1
!colspan="3" |2
!3
!colspan="2" |4
!5
!colspan="2" |6
!7
!colspan="2" |8
!9
!10
!11
!colspan="2" |12
!13
!14
!15
!colspan="2" |16
!17
!colspan="2" |18
!19
!20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!25
!26
!27
!28
|-
|1
!style="background:pink;" |Tejasvi
|style="background:lightgrey;" |DNP
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="2"|SAFE
|style="background:deepskyblue;" |TOP
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|style="background:deepskyblue;" |TOP
|style="background:royalblue;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|style="background:cornsilk;" |IN
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow; |SAFE
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|IN
|style="background:cornsilk;" |IN
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|IN
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|IN
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|IN
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|IN
|style="background:lightgrey;" |DNP
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:yellow;"|WON
|style="background:deepskyblue;" |TOP
|{{won|WINNER}}
|-
|2
!style="background:pink;" |Anusha
|style="background:indianred;" |PELM
|style="background:lightgrey;" |DNP
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|IN
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="2"|SAFE
|style="background:royalblue;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="2"|SAFE
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|style="background:lightgrey;" |DNP
|style="background:royalblue;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="2"|SAFE
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="2"|SAFE
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="2"|SAFE
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|style="background:deepskyblue;" |TOP
|style="background:yellow;"|WON
|colspan=2 style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|style="background:deepskyblue;" |TOP
|{{runner-up|{{nowrap|RUNNER-UP}}}}
|-
|3
!style="background:lightblue;" |Kamal
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="3"|SAFE
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="2"|SAFE
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="2"|SAFE
|style="background:royalblue;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="2"|SAFE
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|IN
|style="background:royalblue;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="2"|SAFE
|style="background:lightgrey;" colspan="2" |DNP
|style="background:deepskyblue;" |TOP
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="2"|SAFE
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|IN
|style="background:lightgrey;" |DNP
|style="background:yellow;"|WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|style="background:deepskyblue;" |TOP
|style="background:tan"|THIRD
|-
|4
!style="background:pink;" |Anupama
|style="background:lightgrey;" |DNP
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="2"|SAFE
|IN
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|IN
|style="background:orchid;" |BTM
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|style="background:cornsilk;" |IN
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"|SAFE
|style="background:greenyellow;"|SAFE
|IN
|style="background:royalblue;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="2"|SAFE
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="2"|SAFE
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="2"|SAFE
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|IN
|style="background:lightgrey;" |DNP
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:yellow;"|WON
|style="background:crimson"|ELIM
|style="background:darkgray;"|
|-
|5
!style="background:lightblue;" |Abdul
|style="background:lightgrey;" |DNP
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="2"|SAFE
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="2"|SAFE
|IN
|style="background:royalblue;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|style="background:royalblue;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="2"|SAFE
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|IN
|style="background:cornsilk;" |IN
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|IN
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|IN
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|IN
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|style="background:deepskyblue;" |TOP
|IN
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:yellow;"|WON
|style="background:crimson"|ELIM
|style="background:darkgray;"|
|-
|6
!style="background:pink;" |Sai Sri
|style="background:indianred;" |PELM
|style="background:lightgrey;" |DNP
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|IN
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|IN
|style="background:royalblue;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|style="background:royalblue;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="2"|SAFE
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|IN
|style="background:cornsilk;" |IN
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="2"|SAFE
|IN
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|IN
|style="background:lightgrey;" |DNP
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:crimson"|ELIM
|style="background:darkgray;" colspan="2"|
|-
|7
!style="background:pink;" |Nazimunisha
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="3"|SAFE
|IN
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="2"|SAFE
|style="background:royalblue;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="2"|SAFE
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|IN
|style="background:royalblue;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="2"|SAFE
|IN
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|IN
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|IN
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:crimson;" |ELIM
|style="background:darkgray;" colspan="6"|
|-
|8
!style="background:lightblue;" |Jaideep
|style="background:lightgrey;" |DNP
|style="background:indianred;" |PELM
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|IN
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|style="background:deepskyblue;" |TOP
|style="background:orchid;" |BTM
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|style="background:cornsilk;" |IN
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow; |SAFE
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|IN
|style="background:cornsilk;" |IN
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|IN
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|IN
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:crimson;" |ELIM
|style="background:darkgray;" colspan="8"|
|-
|9
!style="background:lightblue;" |Sourabh
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="3"|SAFE
|IN
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|IN
|style="background:royalblue;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|style="background:cornsilk;" |IN
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|style="background:yellow;" |IMN
|style="background:cornsilk;" |IN
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|IN
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|IN
|style="background:yellow;" |IMN
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|IN
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:crimson;" |ELIM
|style="background:darkgray;" colspan="10"|
|-
|10
!style="background:pink;" |Manisha
|style="background:lightgrey;" |DNP
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="2"|SAFE
|IN
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:indianred;" | PELM
|style="background:lightgray;" colspan="6"|DNP
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|IN
|style="background:cornsilk;" |IN
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|IN
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:crimson;" |ELIM
|style="background:darkgray;" colspan="13"|
|-
|11
!style="background:lightblue;" |Manoj
|style="background:indianred;" |PELM
|style="background:lightgrey;" |DNP
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:deepskyblue;" |TOP
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|IN
|style="background:royalblue;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|style="background:cornsilk;" |IN
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|IN
|style="background:cornsilk;" |IN
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|IN
|style="background:crimson;" |ELIM
|style="background:darkgray;" colspan="16"|
|-
|12
!style="background:lightblue;" |Sarat
|style="background:lightgrey;" |DNP
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="2"|SAFE
|IN
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|IN
|style="background:royalblue;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|style="background:royalblue;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="2"|SAFE
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|IN
|style="background:cornsilk;" |IN
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:crimson;" |ELIM
|style="background:darkgray;" colspan="18"|
|-
|13
!style="background:pink;" |Madhavi
|style="background:lightgrey;" |DNP
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="2"|SAFE
|IN
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="2"|SAFE
|style="background:cornsilk;" |IN
|style="background:orange;" |BTM
|style="background:indianred;" |PELM
|style="background:crimson;" |ELIM
|style="background:darkgray;" colspan="22"|
|-
|14
!style="background:lightblue;" |Priyadarshi
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;"colspan="3"|SAFE
|IN
|style="background:limegreen;" |WON
|style="background:greenyellow;" |SAFE
|IN
|style="background:orchid;" |BTM
|style="background:indianred;" |PELM
|style="background:lightgray;" colspan="3"|DNP
|style="background:crimson;" |ELIM
|style="background:darkgray;" colspan="22"|
|-
| rowspan="6" |15
!style="background:lightblue;" |Rajesh
|style="background:indianred;" |PELM
|style="background:lightgrey;" |DNP
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|style="background:crimson;" "colspan="2"| ELIM
|style="background:darkgray;"rowspan="2" colspan="32"|
|-
!style="background:lightblue;" |Ram
|style="background:lightgrey;" |DNP
|style="background:indianred;" |PELM
|style="background:mistyrose;" |PT
|style="background:crimson;" "colspan="2"| ELIM
|-
!style="background:pink;" |Anitha
|style="background:lightgrey;" |DNP
|style="background:indianred;" |PELM
|style="background:crimson;" "colspan="2"| ELIM
| colspan="33" rowspan="4" style="background:darkgrey;" |
|-
!style="background:pink;" |Lakshmi
|style="background:indianred;" |PELM
|style="background:lightgrey;" |DNP
|style="background:crimson;" "colspan="2"| ELIM
|-
!style="background:pink;" |Nikhila
|style="background:indianred;" |PELM
|style="background:lightgrey;" |DNP
|style="background:crimson;" "colspan="2"| ELIM
|-
!style="background:pink;" |Sridevi
|style="background:indianred;" |PELM
|style="background:lightgrey;" |DNP
|style="background:crimson;" "colspan="2"| ELIM
|}
:{{color box|border=silver|limegreen}} (WON) The cook won the '''individual/pair challenge''' and was safe for the next challenge(s).
:{{color box|border=silver|royalblue}} (WON) The cook won the '''team challenge''' and was safe for the next challenge(s).
:{{color box|border=silver|yellow}} (IMN) The cook won/used an '''Immunity Pin''' in the challenge.
:{{color box|border=silver|yellow}} (WON) The cook won the '''individual challenge''' and was promoted as a finalist.
:{{color box|border=silver|greenyellow}} (SAFE) The cook did not participate in the challenge as he/she already advanced to the next round.
:{{color box|border=silver|deepskyblue}} (TOP) The cook was one of the top entries in the '''individual/pair challenge''' but failed.
:{{color box|border=silver|white}} (IN) The cook was not chosen as a top or bottom entry in the '''individual/pair challenge'''.
:{{color box|border=silver|cornsilk}} (IN) The cook was not chosen as a top or bottom entry in the '''team challenge'''.
:{{color box|border=silver|lightgrey}} (WAIT) The cook was waiting for the result.
:{{color box|border=silver|lightgrey}} (DNP) The cook did not participate in the challenge(s) due to the result of the previous challenge or personal problems.
:{{color box|border=silver|orange}} (BTM) The cook was one of the bottom entries in the '''individual challenge''' and had to compete in the next elimination challenge.
:{{color box|border=silver|orchid}} (BTM) The cook was one of the bottom entries in the '''team challenge''' and had to compete in the next elimination challenge.
:{{color box|border=silver|mistyrose}} (PT) The cook competed in the '''elimination challenge''' and advanced.
:{{color box|border=silver|indianred}} (PELM) The cook was eliminated but later given a second chance to participate in an upcoming challenge.
:{{color box|border=silver|crimson}} (ELIM) The cook was eliminated from MasterChef.

== Guest appearances ==
* [[Allu Sirish]]
* Chef Rajesh Kadakanthala
* V. M. L. Karthikeyan

==Episodes==
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center;
|-
! style="width:5%;"| Episode
! style="width:70%;"| Event
! style="width:25%;"| Original air date
!{{Refh}}
|-
| 1
| style = text-align:left;| '''{{nowrap|Series Premiere:}} Apron Challenge Part 1'''
Tamannaah randomly selected ten cooks from the Top 20. They were required to prepare their signature dish within an hour to earn MasterChef aprons. Priyadarshi, Sourabh, and Nazimunisha successfully earned their aprons, securing places in the Top 14. The others were eliminated, with Kamal remaining to await the results.
| 27 August 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=MasterChef Telugu premiere: Six contestants get evicted; host Tamannaah cheers up contestant Rajesh who was denied business due to his 'dark skin' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/masterchef-telugu-premiere-six-contestants-get-evicted-host-tamannaah-cheers-up-contestant-rajesh-who-was-denied-business-due-to-his-dark-skin/articleshow/85709072.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828115139/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/masterchef-telugu-premiere-six-contestants-get-evicted-host-tamannaah-cheers-up-contestant-rajesh-who-was-denied-business-due-to-his-dark-skin/articleshow/85709072.cms |archive-date=28 August 2021 |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> 
|-
| 2
| style = text-align:left;| '''Apron Challenge Part 2'''
Kamal performed well and earned a spot in the Top 14. The remaining ten cooks from the Top 20 were given the opportunity to prepare their signature dish within an hour to win MasterChef aprons. Six cooks succeeded, earning their places in the Top 14, while the others were eliminated. All eliminated contestants were granted a second chance to earn an apron by passing a skill test followed by a food test. Three cooks successfully completed the challenges and secured spots in the Top 14. Manoj's placement in the Top 14 was conditional, as he had to face an elimination challenge to secure his position, while the others were eliminated.
| 28 August 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 September 2021 |title=Innovative Film Academy's MasterChef Telugu unveils top 14 contestants |url=https://telanganatoday.com/innovative-film-academys-masterchef-telugu-unveils-top-14-contestants |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903134909/https://telanganatoday.com/innovative-film-academys-masterchef-telugu-unveils-top-14-contestants |archive-date=3 September 2021 |access-date=4 September 2021 |website=Telangana Today |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| 3
| style = text-align:left;| '''Top 14 Mystery Box Challenge'''
Tamannaah revealed the mystery box, and the Top 14 home cooks had to create a dish using at least four ingredients from it. They had one hour to compete for a spot on the balcony. Kamal won the best dish of the day, securing a place on the balcony alongside Abdul. Both are safe for the week, while the others will face more challenges in the next episode.
| 3 September 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 September 2021 |title=MasterChef - Telugu Sep 3rd, 2021 |url=https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122968 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904005808/https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122968 |archive-date=4 September 2021 |access-date=3 September 2021 |website=sunnxt.com}}</ref>
|-
| 4
| style = text-align:left;| '''Skill and Pressure Elimination Challenges'''
The judges introduced a "mise en place" skill test for the home cooks, requiring them to complete it within 15 minutes. Madavi, Manisha and Tejasvi did not finish in time and received black aprons, leading them to the elimination round. Although Manoj won the challenge, he still faced elimination due to previous conditions. The others secured spots on the balcony. In the pressure test, the four cooks had to recreate Chef Chalapathi's signature dish, "Jugalbandi". Manisha was eliminated, while the others passed the test. Manoj finally earned his named apron.
| 4 September 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2021 |title=MasterChef - Telugu Sep 4th, 2021 |url=https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122969 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904164954/https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122969 |archive-date=4 September 2021 |access-date=4 September 2021 |website=sunnxt.com}}</ref>
|-
| 5
| style = text-align:left;| '''Innovation Challenge'''
The judges presented several ingredients to the home cooks and asked them to select only three items each. Initially, the challenge was to create a sweet dish using those ingredients, but Tamannaah intervened and changed it to a beverage challenge. Previous week's winners, Kamal and Abdul, had the first choice of ingredients and determined the order in which the others would select theirs. The home cooks had half an hour to complete the challenge. Kamal won the best drink of the day and secured a spot on the balcony, along with Nazimunisha, Anusha and Madhavi in the winning order. The others will face more challenges in the next episode.
| 10 September 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2021 |title=MasterChef - Telugu Sep 10th, 2021 |url=https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122970 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910161557/https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122970 |archive-date=10 September 2021 |access-date=10 September 2021 |website=sunnxt.com}}</ref>
|-
| 6
| style = text-align:left;| '''Team equipment and Recreation Challenges'''
In the team challenge, the judges divided the remaining home cooks into three teams: Red (Abdul, Manoj and Sai Sri), Blue (Sarat, Sourabh and Sai Sree), and Green (Anupama, Jaideep and Priyadarshi). Each team had to make a savory dish and a sweet dish within an hour using the given equipment. Tamannaah revealed the three pieces of equipment, and the judges allowed Kamal to assign the equipment to each team. The Red and Blue teams won the challenge and moved to the balcony. The Green team lost the challenge and had to face an elimination test. Chef Mahesh asked them to recreate his signature dish in an hour. Anupama and Jaideep passed the challenge, but Priyadarshi was eliminated from the show.
| 11 September 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2021 |title=MasterChef - Telugu Sep 11th, 2021 |url=https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122971 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911171024/https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122971 |archive-date=11 September 2021 |access-date=11 September 2021 |website=sunnxt.com}}</ref>
|-
| 7
| style = text-align:left;| '''Thaali Challenge'''
In the Thaali Challenge, Tamannaah asked the home cooks to prepare a minimum six-course meal for herself and the judges. The cooks were divided into two teams: Red (Abdul, Anusha, Kamal, Nazimunisha, Sai Sri and Sarat) and Blue (Anupama, Jaideep, Madhavi, Manoj, Sourabh and Tejasvi). Each team had two hours to complete the challenge. The Red team won and moved to the balcony, with Kamal winning the best dish of the day. The Blue team lost and will face more challenges in the next episode.
| 17 September 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 September 2021 |title=MasterChef - Telugu Sep 17th, 2021 |url=https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122972 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917161218/https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122972 |archive-date=17 September 2021 |access-date=17 September 2021 |website=sunnxt.com}}</ref>
|-
| 8
| style = text-align:left;| '''Taste Test and Elimination Challenge'''
In the taste test, the judges asked the home cooks to identify the dominant flavor from a set of six food items that were handed out one by one. Anupama, Jaideep and Tejasvi emerged as the winners of the challenge. Impressed by Anupama's tasting skills, the judges awarded her a prize. The remaining contestants had to face the elimination challenge. Given an ingredient they couldn't identify, they were tasked with creating dishes using it within an hour. While Manoj and Sourabh passed the challenge, unfortunately, Madhavi was eliminated from the show.
| 18 September 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 September 2021 |title=MasterChef - Telugu Sep 18th, 2021 |url=https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122973 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918161753/https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122973 |archive-date=18 September 2021 |access-date=18 September 2021 |website=sunnxt.com}}</ref>
|-
| 9
| style = text-align:left;| '''Double Elimination Challenge'''
The episode kicked off with a light-hearted chat between Tamannaah and the home cooks, where Abdul was recognized as the Most Positive Home Cook. Following this, the judges announced that everyone was safe for the day and granted a second chance to previously eliminated cooks (Madhavi, Manisha, and Priyadarshi). They were tasked with preparing their favorite dish within an hour. Just as the cooks were about to begin, the judges swapped their cooking stations, adding an extra challenge. Ultimately, Manisha emerged as the winner of the challenge, while the others were permanently eliminated from the show.
| 24 September 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2021 |title=MasterChef - Telugu Sep 24th, 2021 |url=https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122974 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924160754/https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122974 |archive-date=24 September 2021 |access-date=24 September 2021 |website=sunnxt.com}}</ref>
|-
| 10
| style = text-align:left;| '''Immunity Pin Challenge'''
Allu Sirish made a special appearance on the show as a guest. After a brief and fun chat, he challenged Tamannaah to a Dosa flip and emerged victorious. He also unveiled the MasterChef Immunity pin to everyone. The judges then introduced a three-round Immunity pin challenge for the cooks. Each cook was provided with eight eggs for the entire challenge. In the first round, the cooks had to make meringue, and the top six contestants advanced to the next round. In the second round, they were tasked with making poached eggs, and the top three contestants progressed to the final round. In the last round, the cooks had to prepare a special dish within an hour using the remaining eggs. Sourabh emerged as the winner of the immunity pin.
| 25 September 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2021 |title=MasterChef - Telugu Sep 25th, 2021 |url=https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122975 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925161810/https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122975 |archive-date=25 September 2021 |access-date=25 September 2021 |website=sunnxt.com}}</ref>
|-
| 11
| style = text-align:left;| '''Relay Team Challenge'''
The judges presented twelve ingredients to the home cooks, explaining each item. They allowed the cooks to pick one ingredient, with Tamannaah selecting Immunity challenge winner Sourabh as the first to choose. Those who chose their ingredient were then asked to select the next person in the queue. The cooks who received fruit were appointed as team captains and were guided by the judges in choosing their team members. Each team had to prepare a dish within an hour using the ingredients they obtained. Following a relay-style format, each team member had only a quarter of the total cooking time. Team Blue (Kamal, Anupama, Anusha and Nazimunisha) emerged victorious and earned a spot on the balcony. The remaining cooks faced additional challenges in the next episode.
| 1 October 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2021 |title=MasterChef - Telugu Oct 1st, 2021 |url=https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122976 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001161552/https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122976 |archive-date=1 October 2021 |access-date=1 October 2021 |website=sunnxt.com}}</ref>
|-
| 12
| style = text-align:left;| '''Taste Test and Replication Challenge'''
During the taste test, the judges presented a dish made from 43 ingredients to the home cooks and tasked them with identifying the components. Abdul, Manisha, Manoj, Sai Sri and Sourabh emerged victorious in the challenge. The remaining contestants were then required to face the elimination challenge. Chef Mahesh revealed that the dish they just tasted was his signature dish called "Sapta Sammohanam", and instructed the cooks to replicate it within an hour and a half. While Jaideep and Tejasvi successfully completed the challenge, Sarat was eliminated from the show.
| 2 October 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2021 |title=MasterChef - Telugu Oct 2nd, 2021 |url=https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122977 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002161051/https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122977 |archive-date=2 October 2021 |access-date=2 October 2021 |website=sunnxt.com}}</ref>
|-
| 13
| style = text-align:left;| '''One Pan Wonder Challenge'''
The judges placed mystery boxes at each cook's countertop, and Tamannaah summoned them onstage. Inside, they discovered a pan in their mystery box. Chef Sanjay demonstrated how to cook with just one pan, effortlessly preparing four dishes. The cooks were then tasked with making any dish within an hour using the same method. Jaideep's dish stood out as the best of the day, earning him a spot on the balcony alongside Anusha, Anupama, Manisha and Sai Sri. The remaining contestants were left to confront more challenges in the next episode.
| 8 October 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 October 2021 |title=MasterChef - Telugu Oct 8th, 2021 |url=https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122978 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008160828/https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122978 |archive-date=8 October 2021 |access-date=8 October 2021 |website=sunnxt.com}}</ref>
|-
| 14
| style = text-align:left;| '''Elimination Challenge'''
The remaining five home cooks were surprised by the judges with an elimination challenge. Tamannaah brought out a spinning wheel from the pantry that displayed various ingredients. Each cook would obtain their core ingredient based on the spinning wheel's result. Following this, Jaideep had the privilege of choosing the equipment for the cooks. They had one hour to complete the challenge. While Abdul, Nazimunisha, Sourabh and Tejasvi passed the challenge, unfortunately, Manoj was eliminated from the show.
| 9 October 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2021 |title=MasterChef - Telugu Oct 9th, 2021 |url=https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122979 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009165701/https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122979 |archive-date=9 October 2021 |access-date=9 October 2021 |website=sunnxt.com}}</ref>
|-
| 15
| style = text-align:left;| '''Pair Challenge'''
The show commenced with Tamannaah extending warm Dussehra wishes to everyone and serving sweets. The judges then instructed the cooks to open the cloches placed in front of them. Half of them discovered a place's name, while the rest found a dish inside their cloches. Those who received matching pairs of place and dish were grouped together. Each pair was tasked with recreating the dish they received. The judges allotted them 60 minutes to complete the challenge. The Anupama-Anusha pair impressed the judges and secured the title of the best dish of the day, earning them a place on the balcony. Similarly, the Kamal-Sai Sri pair emerged victorious, but only Sai Sri earned a spot on the balcony. Kamal was disqualified due to his absence last week, so he had to face the remaining challenges this week along with the others.
| 15 October 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2021 |title=MasterChef - Telugu Oct 15th, 2021 |url=https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122980 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029174644/https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122980 |archive-date=29 October 2021 |access-date=15 October 2021 |website=sunnxt.com}}</ref>
|-
| 16
| style = text-align:left;| '''Skill test and Elimination Challenge'''
In the skill test round, the judges instructed the cooks to decorate a cake within 30 minutes. Abdul, Nazimunisha and Tejwasi excelled in the challenge and emerged as winners. Sourabh avoided the next elimination challenge by surrendering his Immunity pin to Tamannaah. The judges then welcomed Chef Rajesh Kadakantala to the show, who presented his signature dish, "Golden-hued Irani chai cheesecake on Osmania cookie crust", and tasked the cooks with replicating it. They were given two hours for the challenge. While Kamal and Jaideep successfully completed the task, unfortunately, Manisha was eliminated from the show.
| 16 October 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2021 |title=MasterChef - Telugu Oct 16th, 2021 |url=https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122981 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016161106/https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122981 |archive-date=16 October 2021 |access-date=16 October 2021 |website=sunnxt.com}}</ref>
|-
| 17
| style = text-align:left;| '''Box in box Challenge'''
The show started with Anasuya, who introduced herself as the new host. In the Box in box challenge, cooks had to make a dish within 30, 45 or 60 minutes depending on how many boxes they opened. Anupama won the best dish of the day and got into the balcony with Anusha and Kamal. Rest had to face more challenges in the next episode.
| 22 October 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2021 |title=MasterChef - Telugu Oct 22th, 2021 |url=https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122982 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023022218/https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122982 |archive-date=23 October 2021 |access-date=22 October 2021 |website=sunnxt.com}}</ref>
|-
| 18
| style = text-align:left;| '''Skill test and Elimination Challenge'''
Judges thrown "mise en plan" as skill test for the cooks. They should finish it in 30 minutes. Abdul, Jaideep and Sai Sri won the challenge. Rest faced the elimination round in which they had to cook a dish with in an hour. Also, the main ingredient in their dish should be the waste of the previous challenge. Sourabh was eliminated from the show and the rest passed the challenge.
| 23 October 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2021 |title=MasterChef - Telugu Oct 23th, 2021 |url=https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122983 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024123128/https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122983 |archive-date=24 October 2021 |access-date=23 October 2021 |website=sunnxt.com}}</ref>
|-
| 19
| style = text-align:left;| '''Six Tastes Challenge'''
Judges gave six base ingredients of six tastes to each cook. The cooks had to make a dish within 60 minutes on condition that the dish expresses all six flavors. Abdul won the best dish of the day and got into the balcony with Kamal, Nazimunisha and Sai Sri. Rest had to face the elimination challenge.
| 29 October 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2021 |title=MasterChef - Telugu Oct 29th, 2021 |url=https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122984 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030092356/https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122984 |archive-date=30 October 2021 |access-date=29 October 2021 |website=sunnxt.com}}</ref>
|-
| 20
| style = text-align:left;| '''Liquid to solid Elimination Challenge'''
The judges gave each cook different liquid dishes and challenged them to re-create it in solid form. They should finish it in 60 minutes. Jaideep was eliminated from the show and the rest passed the challenge.
| 30 October 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2021 |title=MasterChef - Telugu Oct 30th, 2021 |url=https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122985 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031091323/https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122985 |archive-date=31 October 2021 |access-date=30 October 2021 |website=sunnxt.com}}</ref>
|-
| 21
| style = text-align:left;| '''Firecracker Challenge'''
On the auspicious occasion of Deepavali, the judges asked the cooks to make a dish inspired by firecrackers. The cooks had to complete the challenge within an hour. Anusha won the best dish of the day and went into balcony. The rest remained onstage to tackle the next challenge.
| 5 November 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2021 |title=MasterChef - Telugu Nov 5th, 2021 |url=https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122986 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106101457/https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122986 |archive-date=6 November 2021 |access-date=5 November 2021 |website=sunnxt.com}}</ref>
|-
| 22
| style = text-align:left;| '''Barter Elimination Challenge'''
The judges gave each cook a core ingredient and asked them to barter with each other to obtain at least three ingredients. The cooks had to complete the challenge within an hour. Nazimunisha was eliminated from the show.
| 6 November 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 November 2021 |title=MasterChef - Telugu Nov 6th, 2021 |url=https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122987 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107090726/https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122987 |archive-date=7 November 2021 |access-date=6 November 2021 |website=sunnxt.com}}</ref>
|-
| 23
| style = text-align:left;| '''Ticket to finale Challenge Part 1'''
To determine the first finalist of the season, the judges threw the ''Ticket to the final Challenge'' to the cooks. This was a two-phase challenge. In the first challenge, judges asked the cooks to make the best memorable dish of their lives within an hour. Abdul and Anusha qualified and stayed onstage to take on the second challenge. The rest were sent to the balcony.
| 12 November 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2021 |title=MasterChef - Telugu Nov 12th, 2021 |url=https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122988 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113104013/https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122988 |archive-date=13 November 2021 |access-date=12 November 2021 |website=sunnxt.com}}</ref>
|-
| 24
| style = text-align:left;| '''Ticket to finale Challenge Part 2'''
In the second challenge, Abdul and Anusha had to cook along with chef Chalapathi and replicate his dish "Alanati Kodi Kura Vaibhavam". Anusha won the challenge and was chosen as the first finalist.
| 13 November 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 2021 |title=MasterChef - Telugu Nov 13th, 2021 |url=https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122989 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114094812/https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122989 |archive-date=14 November 2021 |access-date=13 November 2021 |website=sunnxt.com}}</ref>
|-
| 25
| style = text-align:left;| '''Semi Finals Part 1'''
In the "Flavours of the world challenge", the judges presented ten foreign ingredients to the home cooks and explained each item. They let the cooks to pick at least four ingredients. They had to make a dish within an hour and a half. Kamal won the best dish of the day and was promoted as the finalist. The rest remained onstage to tackle the next challenge.
| 19 November 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2021 |title=MasterChef - Telugu Nov 19th, 2021 |url=https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122990 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120083807/https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122990 |archive-date=20 November 2021 |access-date=19 November 2021 |website=sunnxt.com}}</ref>
|-
| 26
| style = text-align:left;| '''Semi Finals Part 2'''
In the "Auction challenge", the judges gave the cooks two hours to make their dishes. But the cooks had to obtain the ingredients through an auction and the base value for the items was 5 minutes. Tejasvi, Anupama and Abdul won the challenge and were selected as finalists. Sai Sri was eliminated from the show.
| 20 November 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 November 2021 |title=MasterChef - Telugu Nov 20th, 2021 |url=https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122991 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121034631/https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122991 |archive-date=21 November 2021 |access-date=20 November 2021 |website=sunnxt.com}}</ref>
|-
| 27
| style = text-align:left;| '''Grand Finale Part 1'''
ln the "Pressure test challenge", the judges presented their signature dish "Trayam Pakam" and asked the cooks to replicate it. The cooks had two hours for the challenge. Kamal, Anusha and Tejasvi passed the challenge. Abdul and Anupama were eliminated from the show.
| 26 November 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2021 |title=MasterChef - Telugu Nov 26th, 2021 |url=https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122992 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126164203/https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122992 |archive-date=26 November 2021 |access-date=26 November 2021 |website=sunnxt.com}}</ref>
|-
| 28
| style = text-align:left;| '''Grand Finale Part 2'''
In the final challenge, the judges tasked the cooks with creating their desired dish within a two-hour time frame. Prior to the announcement, Butterfly Director Karthikeyan was welcomed on stage by the judges. Tejasvi emerged victorious in the challenge, securing the title. Anusha claimed the runner-up position, while Kamal was eliminated from the show. The judges and Karthikeyan then distributed the awards among the finalists.
| 27 November 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2021 |title=MasterChef - Telugu Nov 27th, 2021 |url=https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122993 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127174259/https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122993 |archive-date=27 November 2021 |access-date=27 November 2021 |website=sunnxt.com}}</ref>
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb episodes|15079698}}
* [https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/122854/ MasterChef India – Telugu (season 1)] at [[Sun NXT]]

[[Category:MasterChef India]]
[[Category:2021 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:Sun Gemini original programming]]

Akbar Ebrahim

2026-04-02T04:16:29Z

DinahFlo5043561: started entry

{{Short description|Indian racing driver}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Akbar Ebrahim
| native_name =
| image =
| caption =
| office = President of [[Federation of Motor Sports Clubs of India]]
| term_start = 2020
| term_end = 2024
| succeeding =
| predecessor =
| successor = Arindam Ghosh
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| other_names =
| known_for =
| occupation =
| education =
| honours =
| spouse =
| children =
| parents =
| website =
}}

'''Akbar Ebrahim''' (born on 14 December 1963) is an Indian motorsports driver.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akbar Ebrahim {{!}} Racing career profile {{!}} Driver Database |url=https://legacy.driverdb.com/drivers/akbar-ebrahim/ |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=legacy.driverdb.com}}</ref> He was the first Indian to contest [[Formula Two]] and compete abroad. He is currently the President of the [[Federation of Motor Sports Clubs of India]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-09-29 |title=Akbar Ebrahim re-elected FMSCI president |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/motorsport/akbar-ebrahim-re-elected-fmsci-president/article65951236.ece |access-date=2023-07-19 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> from September 2020. He is also the head of the International Karting Commission,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-10 |title=Akbar Ebrahim - President of the CIK-FIA {{!}} Kart News |url=https://www.vroomkart.com/news/40739/akbar-ebrahim-president-of-the-cik-fia |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=www.vroomkart.com |language=en}}</ref> the [[CIK-FIA Karting European Championship|CIK]] of [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile|FIA]].

In 1988, [[Sundaram Karivaradhan|Karivardhan]], considered as one of the stalwarts of Indian Motorsports, built the first Indian Formula car, with a Maruti 800cc engine and the inaugural race was won by Akbar Ebrahim. Later, the championship was named as [[Formula Maruti|FISSME]], Formula India Single Seater Maruti Engine. The first FISSME race was held at [[Cholavaram|Sholavaram]] and the next year in 1989, [[Jackie Stewart]] laid the foundation for the racing track at Irungattukottai, which is presently known as [[Madras International Circuit]].

Ebrahim also claims to have mentored the first [[Formula One drivers from India|Formula One driver from India]], [[Narain Karthikeyan]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ebrahim |first=Akbar |date=2005-03-12 |title=Drive devil |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050312/saturday/main1.htm |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref>

==Career==
After his schooling in Don Bosco Matriculation in Chennai, Ebrahim finished his Commerce graduation from the [[Loyola College, Chennai]]. He is a professional cricket player and represented Tamil Nadu in the [[Ranji Trophy]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Radhakrishnan |first=Bhanu Pande & Sruthi |date=2011-10-22 |title=Akbar Ebrahim: The Indian Formula One trainer |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/akbar-ebrahim-the-indian-formula-one-trainer/articleshow/10447617.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-07-19 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> He is also a car racer who took part in [[Open-wheel car|open-wheel]] Formula racing.

Ebrahim was the first Indian to take part in the [[British Formula 3000|British F2]]<ref name=":0" /> races. He took part in the [[1994 British Formula Two Championship]] and also participated in the [[1996 British Formula Three Championship]].<ref name=":0" /> In a [[Dallara F398]]-[[Mugen Motorsports|Mugen Honda]] he took part in the MRF Madras Formula 3 Grand Prix and got a podium. He went on to drive a SMR AF2000-[[Ford Zetec engine|Ford Zetec]] shod on [[Michelin]] tyres in the [[Formula Asia|Formula 2000 Asia Championship]] in 2000 for the [[Formula Racing Development|FRD]] team. In the 2004 [[Formula LGB Swift|Formula LGB Swift Championship]] he took part as a part of the Super Speeds team, the famous outfit of Karivardhan, in a [[Suzuki Cultus|Maruti Esteem]]. He was also a popular rally driver and made a comeback taking part in the 2018 [[Indian National Rally Championship]] at [[Coimbatore]] after 25 years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akbar Ebrahim to make comeback after 25 years at Coimbatore rally this weekend {{!}} Covaipost |url=https://www.covaipost.com/coimbatore/akbar-ebrahim-to-make-comeback-after-25-years-at-coimbatore-rally-this-weekend/ |access-date=2023-07-20 |language=en}}</ref>

Akbar Ebrahim was first elected as the President of the [[Federation of Motor Sports Clubs of India|FMSCI]] in 2016. Ebrahim was elected as the President at the 43rd Annual General Meeting of the club, when he replaced Zayn Khan, who has been leading FMSCI since September 2015, after the death of Bharat Raj, the then president.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spears |first=Sharon |date=13 December 2016 |title=AKBAR EBRAHIM ELECTED PRESIDENT FMSCI 2017-18 |url=https://www.fmsci.co.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Election-AE.pdf |access-date=20 July 2023 |website=fmsci.co.in}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ebrahim, Akbar}}
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian rally drivers]]
[[Category:Loyola College, Chennai alumni]]
[[Category:Indian racing drivers]]
[[Category:British Formula 3000 Championship drivers]]
[[Category:British Formula Three Championship drivers]]
[[Category:Alan Docking Racing drivers]]

Parineeti Chopra

2026-03-25T17:38:00Z

DinahFlo5043561: refine details

{{short description|Indian actress (born 1988)}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Parineeti Chopra
| image = Parineeti Chopra snapped at the launch of ORIGEM’s flagship store in Bandra.jpg
| caption = Chopra in 2025
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1988|10|22}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Happy Birthday Parineeti Chopra: Take a look at some of the lesser-known facts about the Bollywood diva! |work=Zee News |url=https://zeenews.india.com/people/on-parineeti-chopras-birthday-take-a-look-at-some-lesser-known-facts-about-the-bollywood-diva-2319290.html/amp |access-date=22 October 2021}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Ambala]], [[Haryana]], India
| alma_mater = [[University of Manchester]]
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2011–present
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Raghav Chadha]]|24 September 2023}}
| children = 1
| works = [[Parineeti Chopra filmography|Full list]]
| relatives = [[List of Hindi film families#Chopra family (of Priyanka Chopra)|Chopra family]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-hissing-cousins-parineeti-chopra-vs-meera-chopra-1971612 |title=Hissing cousins: Parineeti Chopra vs Meera Chopra |last=Coutinho, Natasha |date=2 September 2013 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324083517/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-hissing-cousins-parineeti-chopra-vs-meera-chopra-1971612 |archive-date=24 March 2014 |access-date=14 September 2013 }}</ref>
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Parineeti Chopra|Full list]]
}}

'''Parineeti Chopra''' ({{IPA|hns|pəriːniːt̪iː ˈtʃoːpɽaː|pron}}; born 22 October 1988) is an [[India]]n actress who primarily works in [[Hindi cinema|Hindi films]]. Chopra is a recipient of [[List of awards and nominations received by Parineeti Chopra|several accolades]], including a [[Filmfare Awards|Filmfare]] and a [[National Film Awards|National Film Award]]. Chopra has appeared in ''[[Forbes India]]''{{'s}} [[Forbes Celebrity 100|Celebrity 100]] list since 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parineeti Chopra grateful on completing 10 years in Bollywood: I feel I have just started my journey |work=Pinkvilla |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/parineeti-chopra-grateful-completing-10-years-bollywood-i-feel-i-have-just-started-my-journey-962522?amp |date=9 December 2021 |access-date=2 May 2022 |archive-date=1 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001131241/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/parineeti-chopra-grateful-completing-10-years-bollywood-i-feel-i-have-just-started-my-journey-962522?amp |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Parineeti Chopra: From 'Ishaqzaade' to 'Uunchai', know all about the incredible journey of the star! |work=Zee News |url=https://zeenews.india.com/people/happy-birthday-parineeti-chopra-ishaqzaade-to-uunchai-know-all-about-her-incredible-journey-2525257.html/amp |access-date=22 October 2022}}</ref>

After obtaining a triple [[honours degree]] in business, finance and economics from [[Manchester Business School]], Chopra made her acting debut with the 2011 romantic comedy ''[[Ladies vs Ricky Bahl]]'', winning the [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut]]. She followed it by garnering acclaim for her starring roles in the box-office hits ''[[Ishaqzaade]]'' (2012), ''[[Shuddh Desi Romance]]'' (2013) and ''[[Hasee Toh Phasee]]'' (2014). The first of these won her the [[National Film Award – Special Mention (feature film)|National Film Award – Special Mention]]. This success was followed by a three-year hiatus and several poorly received films, with the exception of the horror-comedy ''[[Golmaal Again]]'' (2017) and the war drama [[Kesari (2019 film)|''Kesari'']] (2019), in which she had a brief role. Chopra has since earned praise for her roles in the black comedy ''[[Sandeep Aur Pinky Faraar]]'' (2021) and the biographical drama [[Amar Singh Chamkila (film)|''Amar Singh Chamkila'']] (2024), and had a supporting role in the ensemble film ''[[Uunchai]]'' (2022).

In addition to her acting career, Chopra is a prominent celebrity endorser for brands and products. She has sung some of her film songs, including "[[Maana Ke Hum Yaar Nahin]]"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/music/maana-ke-hum-yaar-nahin-parineeti-chopras-debut-song-crosses-4-million-views-in-a-day-1675109 |title=Maana Ke Hum Yaar Nahin: Parineeti Chopra's Debut Song Crosses 4 Million Views In A Day |date=29 March 2017 |publisher=NDTV Movies}}</ref> and "[[Teri Mitti]]". In 2022, Chopra ventured into television by judging the reality show ''[[Hunarbaaz: Desh Ki Shaan]]'' on [[Colors TV]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Hunarbaaz winner Akash Singh on his bond with Parineeti Chopra: She told me I made her proud |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/hunarbaaz-winner-akash-singhs-bond-with-parineeti-chopra-she-told-me-i-made-her-proud/videoshow/90913812.cms |date=18 April 2022 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Chopra is married to politician [[Raghav Chadha]] with whom she has a son.

== Early life and work ==
Chopra was born on 22 October 1988 in [[Ambala]], [[Haryana]], into a [[Punjabi Hindus|Punjabi Hindu]] family.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/birthday/parineeti-chopra/42/latest/1/ |title=Birthday Bells |website=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004230800/http://daily.bhaskar.com/birthday/parineeti-chopra/42/latest/1/ |archive-date=4 October 2013 |access-date=19 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="real">{{Cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/metroplus/article3558731.ece/ |title=Films for real! |last=Bhattacharya, Budhaditya |date=22 June 2012 |website=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240526141622/https://www.webcitation.org/6FXJTGE73?url=http://m.thehindu.com/life-and-style/metroplus/article3558731.ece/ |archive-date=26 May 2024 |access-date=31 March 2013}}</ref><ref name="who">{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/story/parineeti-chopra-who-is-she-98699-2012-04-10 |title=Parineeti Chopra: Who is she? |date=11 April 2012 |website=India Today |access-date=9 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Spotlight Special |title=Happy Birthday Parineeti Chopra: A look into her life |work=The Economic Times |date=22 October 2022 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/happy-birthday-parineeti-chopra-a-look-into-her-life/articleshow/95033127.cms |access-date=22 October 2022}}</ref>

Her father, Pawan Chopra, is a businessman and supplier to the [[Indian Army]] at [[Ambala Cantonment]], and her mother is Reena Chopra. She has two brothers, Shivang and Sahaj. Actresses [[Priyanka Chopra]], [[Meera Chopra]] and [[Mannara Chopra]] are her cousins.<ref name="who" /><ref name="follows">{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Parineeti-Chopra-blindly-follows-Priyanka/articleshow/11834109.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213085051/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-10/news-interviews/31045482_1_priyanka-chopra-ricky-bahl-ishaqzaade |archive-date=13 February 2012 |title=Parineeti Chopra blindly follows Priyanka |last=Sharma, Amrapali |date=10 February 2012 |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=1 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20001202/main3.htm#2 |title=Priyanka's family thrilled |date=1 December 2000 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131121110907/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20001202/main3.htm |archive-date=21 November 2013 |access-date=2 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/priyanka-chopra-another-cousin-on-the-block-104527-2012-06-04 |title=Here's Priyanka Chopra's another cousin on the block! |date=5 June 2012 |work=[[India Today]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129011600/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/priyanka-chopra-another-cousin-on-the-block/1/199130.html |archive-date=29 November 2014 |access-date=25 June 2013}}</ref>

Chopra was educated at [[Convent of Jesus and Mary, Ambala]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20130311-stars-in-making-parineeti-chopra-sidharth-malhotra-esha-gupta-ayushmann-khurrana-alia-bhatt-arjun-kapoor-762269-2013-02-28 |title=6 Stars in the Making |last=Singh, Suhani |date=1 March 2013 |website=India Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130410030731/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/stars-in-making-parineeti-chopra-sidharth-malhotra-esha-gupta-ayushmann-khurrana-alia-bhatt-arjun-kapoor/1/252216.html |archive-date=10 April 2013 |access-date=9 April 2013}}</ref> She later moved to [[England]] at the age of 17 and obtained a triple honours degree in business, finance and economics from [[Alliance Manchester Business School]].<ref name="real" /><ref name="express">{{Cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/%22rising-star%22/945764/ |title=Rising star |last=Kulkarni, Onkar |date=5 May 2012 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=2 February 2013}}</ref>

During her studies, she worked part-time for [[Manchester United F.C.]] as a team leader in the catering department.<ref name="mufc">{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Parineeti-Chopra-25-is-often-compared-to-Kajol-possibly-due-to-her-friendly-enthusiastic-persona-and-her-uninhibited-style-of-acting/articleshow/27476308.cms |title=Maneesh Sharma is the angel in my life: Parineeti Chopra |last=Gupta, Priya |date=17 December 2013 |website=The Times of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306190237/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Parineeti-Chopra-25-is-often-compared-to-Kajol-possibly-due-to-her-friendly-enthusiastic-persona-and-her-uninhibited-style-of-acting/articleshow/27476308.cms |archive-date=6 March 2016 |access-date=15 September 2015}}</ref> She is also a trained [[Hindustani classical]] singer and holds a degree in music.

In 2009, Chopra returned to India during the [[Great Recession]] and moved to [[Mumbai]]. She joined [[Yash Raj Films]] as an intern in the marketing department and later worked as a public relations consultant.<ref name="real" /><ref name="express" /><ref name="ndtv">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/people/who-is-parineeti-chopra-233814 |title=Who is Parineeti Chopra? |last=Sharma, Sarika |date=20 June 2012 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017124956/http://www.ndtv.com/article/people/who-is-parineeti-chopra-233814 |archive-date=17 October 2012 |access-date=2 February 2013}}</ref>

While working on promotions for ''[[Band Baaja Baaraat]]'' (2010), she decided to pursue acting. After a screen test, she was signed by producer [[Aditya Chopra]] to a three-film contract with Yash Raj Films.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-16/news-interviews/28551694_1_ranveer-singh-aditya-chopra-maneesh-sharma |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527105040/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-16/news-interviews/28551694_1_ranveer-singh-aditya-chopra-maneesh-sharma |archive-date=27 May 2013 |title=Parineeti Chopra is B-town's new entrant |date=16 February 2011 |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=1 February 2013}}</ref>

== Acting career ==
{{See also|Parineeti Chopra filmography}}

=== Debut, breakthrough and success (2011–2014) ===
[[File:Parineeti walks for Maheka Mirpuri's Khwaab collections.jpg|thumb|upright|Chopra in 2012]]
In 2011, Chopra made her screen debut in a supporting role in debutant [[Maneesh Sharma]]'s romantic comedy ''[[Ladies vs Ricky Bahl]]'' starring [[Ranveer Singh]] and [[Anushka Sharma]] in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-01-28 |title=Parineeti Chopra made her TV debut 13 years ago! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/parineeti-chopra-made-her-tv-debut-13-years-ago/articleshow/50754085.cms |access-date=2025-08-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The film describes how three girls who are tricked by a con artist take revenge on him by plotting the same trick for him. Chopra played the Delhi-based "rich and spoiled brat" Dimple Chadda, who is betrayed by the film's central character. The film emerged as a moderate commercial success at the box-office, and received mixed reviews from critics; however, Chopra's performance received high praise.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3811&nCat= |title=New Releases Poor Opening Ladies V Ricky Bahl Decent First Week |date=17 December 2011 |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425231815/http://boxofficeindia.com/boxdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3811&nCat= |archive-date=25 April 2012 |access-date=21 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ladies vs Ricky Bahl - Movie - Box Office India |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=55 |access-date=2 February 2024 |publisher=Box Office India}}</ref> [[Komal Nahta]] said, "Of the three other girls, Chopra is undoubtedly the best. She has the best role, the best lines and hers is the best performance among the three." Priyanka Roy of ''[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]'' described Chopra as "natural" and wrote "Among the ladies, debutante Chopra almost steals the show from Sharma."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111210/jsp/entertainment/story_14862291.jsp |title=Rom con |last=Roy, Priyanka |date=10 December 2011 |website=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223051505/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111210/jsp/entertainment/story_14862291.jsp |archive-date=23 February 2014 |access-date=8 April 2013}}</ref> It earned her several Best Debut awards at various award ceremonies including [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut|Filmfare]], [[Screen Award for Best Female Debut|Screen]], [[IIFA Award for Star Debut of the Year – Female|IIFA]] [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Female Debut|Producers Guild Film Awards]]. Chopra also received Best Supporting Actress nominations at several ceremonies, including [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Filmfare]], and won the [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role|Producers Guild]] and [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress|IIFA]] Awards in the same category.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/542222 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107175611/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/542222 |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 January 2012 |title=Ladies VS Ricky Bahl (2011) | Hindi Movie Critic Review By Taran Adarsh |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=9 December 2011 |access-date=16 December 2011}}</ref><ref name="apsara">{{Cite web |url=http://apsaraawards.org/7th_apsara_awards_winners.html |title=7th Apsara Awards Winners |publisher=[[Apsara Awards]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111005819/http://apsaraawards.org/7th_apsara_awards_winners.html |archive-date=11 November 2012 |access-date=16 December 2012}}</ref>

Chopra's second release was [[Habib Faisal]]'s action romantic drama ''[[Ishaqzaade]]'' in which she played a leading role opposite debutant [[Arjun Kapoor]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-05-11 |title=Ishaqzaade gets thumbs up from critics |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/ishaqzaade-gets-thumbs-up-from-critics/story-yGs66paDTkEUOmy52S1KZK.html |access-date=2025-08-10 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> The film revolves around two political families, whose rivalry (and mutual hatred) go back generations. Chopra played the boisterous and feisty tomboy Zoya, a [[Muslim]] girl who marries a [[Hindu]] boy and gives birth to new rivalry in both families. The film emerged as a commercial success at the box-office, and received positive reviews from critics, with Chopra's performance receiving widespread critical acclaim.<ref name="ishaqzaade">{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Ishaqzaade-gets-thumbs-up-from-critics/Article1-854256.aspx |title=Ishaqzaade gets thumbs up from critics |date=11 May 2012 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018054350/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Ishaqzaade-gets-thumbs-up-from-critics/Article1-854256.aspx |archive-date=18 October 2012 |access-date=1 February 2013}}</ref> [[Taran Adarsh]] observed, "Chopra is simply fantastic [...] Playing the part of a spirited gun-toting girl, she is not the regular timid, decorous, withdrawn Hindi film heroine. She portrays the violent behavior coupled with the audacious and brash attitude with aplomb",<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/548051 |title=Ishaqzaade Review |last=Adarsh, Taran |date=11 May 2012 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121223053412/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/548051 |archive-date=23 December 2012 |access-date=1 February 2013}}</ref> and [[Rajeev Masand]] labelled her the "biggest strength of the film".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-ishaqzaade-is-far-from-perfect/256992-47-84.html |title=Masand: 'Ishaqzaade' is far from perfect |last=Masand, Rajeev |date=25 May 2012 |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120706134346/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-ishaqzaade-is-far-from-perfect/256992-47-84.html |archive-date=6 July 2012 |access-date=30 June 2012}}</ref> The film grossed over {{INRConvert|46|c}} at the domestic box-office, and was termed a super hit by ''[[Box Office India]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4497&nCat= |title=Rowdy Rathore Bumper Opening In Single Screens Good At Multiplexes |date=26 May 2012 |publisher=Box Office India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105220225/http://boxofficeindia.com/boxdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4497&nCat= |archive-date=5 November 2013 |access-date=1 February 2013}}</ref> Chopra's performance earned her the [[National Film Award – Special Mention (feature film)|National Film Award – Special Mention]] at the [[60th National Film Awards]], and her first nominations for the Producers Guild, Screen and [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress]].<ref name="awards">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/awards/id/85811 |title=Parineeti Chopra: Awards & nominations |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329050821/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/awards/id/85811 |archive-date=29 March 2013 |access-date=1 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="national">{{cite web |title=60th National Film Awards – 2012 |url=http://dff.nic.in/FeaturedFilm_60th_NATIONAL_FILM_AWARDS_2012_Announced.pdf |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]] |access-date=18 March 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418030545/http://dff.nic.in/FeaturedFilm_60th_NATIONAL_FILM_AWARDS_2012_Announced.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2013}}</ref><ref name="apsara2">{{Cite web |url=http://apsaraawards.org/8th_apsara_awards_nominees.html |title=8th Apsara Awards Nominations |publisher=Apsara Awards |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015516/http://apsaraawards.org/8th_apsara_awards_nominees.html |archive-date=5 March 2016 |access-date=8 February 2013}}</ref>

Chopra next starred alongside [[Sushant Singh Rajput]] and [[Vaani Kapoor]] in the romantic comedy-drama ''[[Shuddh Desi Romance]]'' (2013), her second collaboration with Maneesh Sharma.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/weekend-pick-zanjeer-or-shuddh-desi-romance-209858-2013-09-03 |title=The Chopra weekend is here: Priyanka's Zanjeer or Parineeti's Shuddh Desi Romance? : Bollywood, News - India Today |date=4 September 2013 |work=India Today |access-date=9 September 2013}}</ref> Set in [[Jaipur]], the film explored the views of the younger generation on [[Fear of commitment|commitment]], [[Cohabitation in India|live-in relationships]] and [[Arranged marriage in the Indian subcontinent|arranged marriages]] as compared to love marriages in small town India. It received positive reviews from critics, with Chopra's portrayal of Gayatri, an outspoken and rebellious girl, received high critical acclaim. ''[[CNN-IBN]]'' noted that the film belonged to Chopra, who "turns Gayatri into the most real woman one have encountered on screen",<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ibnlive.com/news/shuddh-desi-romance-review-its-a-nonformulaic-charming-little-film/420141-47-84.html |title='Shuddh Desi Romance' review: It's a non-formulaic, charming little film |last=Masand, Rajeev |date=7 September 2013 |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=9 September 2013}}</ref> and the critic [[Mayank Shekhar]] added "Chopra's act in the film's first half is nothing short of [[National Film Awards|National Film Award]]-winning material." ''Shuddh Desi Romance'' emerged as a commercial success at the box-office, grossing {{INRConvert|46|c}} domestically.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=6105&nCat= |title=Warning Dull Phat Poster Nikhla Hero Low First Week |date=28 September 2013 |publisher=Box Office India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006072417/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=6105&nCat= |archive-date=6 October 2013 |access-date=2 October 2013}}</ref> Chopra garnered several Best Actress nominations, including a second consecutive nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress.<ref name="filmfare2014">{{Cite news |url=http://www.filmfare.com/news/59th-idea-filmfare-awards-nominations-5138.html |title=59th Idea Filmfare Awards Nominations |date=13 January 2013 |work=Filmfare |access-date=14 January 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115044052/http://www.filmfare.com/news/59th-idea-filmfare-awards-nominations-5138.html |archive-date=15 January 2014}}</ref>

Chopra's first of three releases of 2014 was [[Dharma Productions]]' romantic comedy-drama ''[[Hasee Toh Phasee]]'', her first role outside the Yash Raj Films banner. She portrayed Dr. Meeta Solanki, a [[mad scientist]] on the run, opposite [[Sidharth Malhotra]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Sidharth and Parineeti in their new film 'Hasee Toh Phasee' |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/news/type/view/id/1793977 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111132714/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/news/type/view/id/1793977 |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 November 2013 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=22 April 2013}}</ref> Directed by [[Vinil Mathew]] and jointly produced by [[Anurag Kashyap]] and [[Karan Johar]], the film emerged as a commercial success at the box-office, and received positive reviews from critics, with Chopra's performance receiving widespread critical acclaim.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Star_Cast/actor_detail/parineeti_chopra |title=Parineeti Chopra Filmography |publisher=Box Office India |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329103717/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Star_Cast/actor_detail/parineeti_chopra |archive-date=29 March 2014 |access-date=27 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="htp">{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/reviews/movie-review-hasee-toh-phasee-is-an-experimental-rom-com/article1-1181343.aspx |title=Movie review: Parineeti Chopra re-defines Bollywood heroine in Hasee Toh Phasee |last=Kaushal, Sweta |date=7 February 2014 |website=Hindustan Times |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140207035359/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/reviews/movie-review-hasee-toh-phasee-is-an-experimental-rom-com/article1-1181343.aspx |archive-date=7 February 2014 |access-date=7 February 2014}}</ref> [[Saibal Chatterjee]] of ''[[NDTV]]'' wrote that Chopra was "pitch-perfect with her goofball act" and ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' published that she re-defined the concept of a Bollywood heroine with the film.<ref name="htp" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/hasee-toh-phasee-movie-review-922 |title=Hasee Toh Phasee |last=Chatterjee |first=Saibal |date=7 February 2014 |publisher=NDTV |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523005321/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/hasee-toh-phasee-movie-review-922 |archive-date=23 May 2014 |access-date=27 May 2014}}</ref> For her performance in the film, she won the [[BIG Star Entertainment Awards|BIG Star Entertainment Award for Most Entertaining Actor in a Comedy Film]] and received Best Actress nomination at [[Screen Awards|Screen]] and [[Stardust Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.927bigfm.com/bsea2014/nomination_list.php |title=Big Star Entertainment Award's Nomination |publisher=[[Reliance Broadcast Network]] |access-date=18 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151216084934/http://www.927bigfm.com/bsea2014/nomination_list.php |archive-date=16 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=21st Annual Life OK Screen Awards nominations |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/in-the-reckoning-3/ |access-date=8 January 2015 |work=The Indian Express |date=8 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108161059/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/in-the-reckoning-3/ |archive-date= 8 January 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7612/ |title=Nominations for Stardust Awards 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=8 December 2014 |access-date=14 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107084431/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7612/ |archive-date= 7 January 2015 }}</ref>

Habib Faisal's [[dowry]]-based social comedy film ''[[Daawat-e-Ishq]]'' marked Chopra's second collaboration with Faisal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=2014-09-20 |title='Daawat-e-Ishq': Habib Faisal Misses the Plot |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2014/Sep/20/daawat-e-ishq-habib-faisal-misses-the-plot-662948.html |access-date=2025-08-10 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> She was cast as Gulrez "Gullu" Qadir, a middle-class salesgirl from [[Hyderabad]] alongside [[Aditya Roy Kapur]] and [[Anupam Kher]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/daawat-e-ishq-review-aditya-roy-kapur-parineeti-chopra-fail-to-make-a-delicious-film-1720237.html |title=Daawat-e-Ishq review: Aditya Roy Kapur, Parineeti Chopra fail to make a delicious film |date=19 September 2014 |publisher=Firstpost |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140922001319/http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/daawat-e-ishq-review-aditya-roy-kapur-parineeti-chopra-fail-to-make-a-delicious-film-1720237.html |archive-date=22 September 2014 |access-date=26 September 2014}}</ref> The film received mixed reviews from critics upon release, though Chopra's performance received praise. Film critic Sarita A. Tanwar from ''Daily News Analysis'' found Chopra to be "the best thing about the film" and added, "Chopra shines in every scene. She does what she does every single time — rises head and shoulders above the film and her costars."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-film-review-parineeti-chopra-shines-but-daawat-e-ishq-drags-on-without-clarity-2019912 |title=Film review: Parineeti Chopra shines but 'Daawat-e-Ishq' drags on without clarity |last=Tanwar, Sarita A |date=19 September 2014 |work=Business Standard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927145847/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-film-review-parineeti-chopra-shines-but-daawat-e-ishq-drags-on-without-clarity-2019912 |archive-date=27 September 2014 |access-date=26 September 2014}}</ref> Chopra next played her first "glamorous role" in [[Shaad Ali]]'s crime film ''[[Kill Dil]]'', co-starring [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]], Singh and [[Ali Zafar]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Parineeti-Chopra-set-to-defy-her-tomboyish-image-in-Shaad-Ali-s-Kill-Dil/Article1-987228.aspx |title=Parineeti Chopra set to defy her tomboyish-image in Shaad Ali's Kill Dil |date=9 January 2013 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=1 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111143646/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Parineeti-Chopra-set-to-defy-her-tomboyish-image-in-Shaad-Ali-s-Kill-Dil/Article1-987228.aspx |archive-date=11 January 2013}}</ref> [[Sukanya Verma]] of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' found the film to be a "disaster" and wrote that "Chopra is terribly miscast and wears clothes that should have never left the wardrobe".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-kill-dil-is-a-disaster/20141114.htm |title=Review: Kill Dil is a disaster! |date=14 November 2014 |publisher=Rediff.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220194856/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-kill-dil-is-a-disaster/20141114.htm |archive-date=20 December 2014 |access-date=20 December 2014}}</ref> Both ''Daawat-e-Ishq'' and ''Kill Dil'' were unsuccessful at the box office. The same year, she also appeared in the short film, ''Dor'' as Ria.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/after-two-flops-in-2014-parineeti-chopra-hopes-2015-is-better/ |title=After two flops in 2014, Parineeti Chopra hopes 2015 is 'better' |date=8 December 2014 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=20 December 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220133730/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/after-two-flops-in-2014-parineeti-chopra-hopes-2015-is-better/ |archive-date=20 December 2014}}</ref>

=== Hiatus and career fluctuations (2015–2020) ===

Post the release of ''Kill Dil'', Chopra took a 3-year sabbatical from full-time acting, during which she briefly portrayed guest character Muskaan Raza Qureshi in ''[[Dishoom]]'' (2016), appearing in the song "Jaaneman Aah" alongside [[Varun Dhawan]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/videos/parineeti-chopra-and-varun-dhawan-steam-it-up-with-their-chemistry-in-jaaneman-aah-from-dishoom-14473.amp |title=Parineeti Chopra and Varun Dhawan steam it up with their chemistry in Jaaneman Aah from Dishoom |access-date=21 August 2019 |website=Filmfare |date=12 July 2016}}</ref> She returned to the screen in 2017 with Yash Raj Films' romantic drama ''[[Meri Pyaari Bindu]]'' opposite [[Ayushmann Khurrana]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities/3-years-of-meri-pyari-bindu-ayushmann-khurrana-parineeti-chopra-become-nostalgic-616584 |title=3 Years of Meri Pyaari Bindu: Ayushmann Khurrana, Parineeti Chopra become nostalgic |access-date=12 May 2020 |website=India TV News |date=12 May 2020}}</ref> The film tells the story of Abhimanyu, a writer who uses his heartbreak as fuel for his next book; she played the titular character, Bindu Shankarnarayanan, an aspiring singer, whose story is told from Abhimanyu's perspective.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/meri_pyaari_bindu |title=Ayushmann Khurrana and Parineeti Chopra's Meri Pyaari Bindu (2017) |work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=19 March 2018}}</ref> Anisha Jhaveri of ''[[IndieWire]]'' praised Chopra for "grounding Bindu with flickers of genuine sensitivity and vulnerability [...] hinting that there's more to the character behind that flighty surface."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2017/05/meri-pyaari-bindu-review-akshay-roy-romantic-comedy-1201817224/ |title='Meri Pyaari Bindu' Review: Akshay Roy's Romantic Comedy Debut Falls Flat Even With Major Star Power |last=Jhaveri |first=Anisha |website=[[IndieWire]] |date=15 May 2017 |access-date=25 March 2021}}</ref> [[Rajeev Masand]] called her performance as "sincere", but felt that the actress was given very less to work thanks to the "flighty and fickle" nature of her character.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/meri-pyaari-bindu-review-an-overlong-film-that-never-finds-its-groove-1399903.html |title=Meri Pyaari Bindu Review: An Overlong Film That Never Finds Its Groove |last=Masand |first=Rajeev |website=News18 |date=13 May 2017 |access-date=25 March 2021}}</ref> She next starred opposite [[Ajay Devgn]] in [[Rohit Shetty]]'s horror-comedy ''[[Golmaal Again]]'', the fourth installment in the ''[[Golmaal (film series)|Golmaal]]'' film series.<ref>{{cite news |author=A. Kameshwari |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ajay-devgn-parineeti-chopra-golmaal-4373174 |title=Ajay Devgn welcomes Parineeti Chopra to Golmaal's 'crazy family' |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=13 November 2016 |access-date=9 March 2017}}</ref> ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' noted, "Chopra has a crucial character and from the first sequence itself, there's an element of mystery surrounding her character that adds to the fun. She looks beautiful and does a good job."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/golmaal-again/critic-review/golmaal-again-movie-review/ |title=Golmaal Again Movie Review: Golmaal Again is an ideal fun ride which delivers ample entertainment quotient without any logic |access-date=20 October 2019 |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=20 October 2017}}</ref> The film broke several box-office records and was eventually declared a [[Blockbuster (entertainment)|blockbuster]], thus becoming her highest-grossing film to date.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3372 |title=Golmaal Again Emerges First BLOCKBUSTER of 2017 |date=28 October 2017 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=28 October 2017}}</ref> It grossed over {{INRConvert|311|c}} at the box-office, thus becoming one of the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest-grossing Indian films]] of all time.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3630 |title=Golmaal Again |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=11 May 2018}}</ref>

[[File:Parineeti Chopra at a promotional event for Golmaal Again (2).jpg|upright|thumbnail|Chopra promoting ''[[Golmaal Again]]'' in 2017]]
Chopra's only release of 2018 was a reunion with Arjun Kapoor after ''Ishaqzaade'' on [[Vipul Amrutlal Shah]]'s romantic comedy ''[[Namaste England]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-22 |title=Arjun Kapoor writes a heartfelt note after wrapping up Namaste England |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/namaste-england-arjun-kapoor-parineeti-chopra-5228974/ |access-date=2025-08-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> a sequel to Shah's ''[[Namastey London]]'' (2007) which starred [[Akshay Kumar]] and [[Katrina Kaif]]. The film emerged as a critical and commercial disaster at the box-office.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/namaste_england |title=Namaste England (2018) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=25 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3968 |title=Namaste England |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=25 March 2021}}</ref> Shilpa Jamkhandikar of ''[[Reuters]]'' felt she was "sleepwalking through a role that didn't have too much meat in the first place" and Nandini Ramnath of [[Scroll.in|''Scroll'']] noted that her usual spikiness was missing.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/movie-review-namaste-england/movie-review-namaste-england-idUSKCN1MS1J9 |title=Movie Review: Namaste England |last=Jamkhandikar |first=Shilpa |agency=[[Reuters]] |date=18 October 2018 |access-date=25 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://scroll.in/reel/898548/namaste-england-film-review-a-tedious-affair-from-start-to-finish |title='Namaste England' film review: A tedious affair from start to finish |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |website=[[Scroll.in|Scroll]] |date=18 October 2018 |access-date=25 March 2021}}</ref>

Chopra's first film appearance of in 2019 was in a brief role opposite Kumar in the historical war drama ''[[Kesari (2019 film)|Kesari]]'' directed by [[Anurag Singh (director)|Anurag Singh]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/parineeti-chopra-on-kesari-we-joke-that-i-did-the-film-just-for-the-romantic-song-with-akshay-kumar/story-LcTLsZIDsTVD0GocALztaK.html |title=Parineeti Chopra on Kesari: We joke that I did the film just for the romantic song with Akshay Kumar |access-date=14 March 2019 |website=Hindustan Times |date=14 March 2019}}</ref> It told the story of the events leading up to the [[Battle of Saragarhi]], a battle between 21 soldiers of the 36th Sikhs of the [[British Indian Army]] and 10,000 [[Afridi]] and [[Orakzai]] Pashtun tribesmen in 1897. Chopra played the role of Jeevani Kaur, the wife of Ishar Singh, the leader of the Sikh soldiers, appearing in his imaginary conversations before and after the battle. [[Sukanya Verma]] of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' felt that she had "precious little to do" in the film.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-akshay-and-action-are-kesaris-strengths/20190321.htm |title=Review: Akshay and Action are Kesari's strengths |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |publisher=[[Rediff.com]] |date=21 March 2019 |access-date=25 March 2021}}</ref> However, Rachit Gupta of ''[[The Times of India]]'' noted her "small, but impactful role", writing "it's her character's fun banter with Kumar that puts a smile on your face and her tears break your heart."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/kesari/movie-review/68495644.cms |title=Kesari Review (4/5): An emotional war drama with solid action sequences |last=Gupta |first=Rachit |website=The Times of India |date=20 March 2019 |access-date=25 March 2021}}</ref> The film emerged as a major commercial success at the box-office, grossing over {{INRConvert|201|c}} worldwide.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=5617 |title=Keari |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=25 March 2021}}</ref> Her second release of the year was the action romantic comedy ''[[Jabariya Jodi]]'', which was based upon the tradition of [[groom kidnapping]], prevalent in [[Bihar]]. The film marked Chopra's second collaboration with Malhotra after ''Hasee Toh Phasee'', and film received unanimously negative reviews and emerged as a commercial failure at the box-office.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/jabariya_jodi |title=Jabariya Jodi (2019) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=25 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=5701 |title=Jabariya Jodi |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=25 March 2021}}</ref> Writing for ''[[NDTV]]'', film critic [[Saibal Chatterjee]] felt that Chopra "punctuates her perky, no-nonsense girl persona with moments of demure docility" but "all the effort that she makes to traverse the gamut quickly ceases to convey any meaning in the absence of cohesion and clarity in the character's motives." Shubhra Gupta of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote that "Chopra, togged out in the most outlandish clothes [[Patna]] may have been witness too, seems to have gotten stuck in a rut of familiarity."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/jabariya-jodi-movie-review-each-minute-of-parineeti-chopra-sidharth-malhotras-film-feels-like-a-life-2082566 |title=Jabariya Jodi Movie Review: Each Minute Of Parineeti Chopra, Sidharth Malhotra's Film Feels Like A Lifetime |last=Chatterjee |first=Saibal |publisher=NDTV |date=9 August 2019 |access-date=25 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/jabariya-jodi-movie-review-rating-5890880/ |title=Jabariya Jodi review: A confused, long-drawn mess |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |website=The Indian Express |date=10 August 2019 |access-date=25 March 2021}}</ref>

=== Commercial setbacks and renewed critical recognition (2021–present) ===
Chopra's first on-screen appearance of 2021 was in ''[[The Girl on the Train (2021 film)|The Girl on the Train]]'', a Hindi adaptation of the [[The Girl on the Train (novel)|novel of the same name]] by [[Paula Hawkins (author)|Paula Hawkins]]; it was released on [[Netflix]].<ref name="release date">{{Cite web |date=13 January 2021 |title=Parineeti Chopra's The Girl on The Train to release on Netflix on Feb 26 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/parineeti-chopra-s-the-girl-on-the-train-to-release-on-netflix-on-feb-26-1758571-2021-01-13 |access-date=13 January 2021 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/the-girl-on-the-train-parineeti-chopra-shares-gripping-teaser-as-film-gears-up-for-february-26-release/articleshow/80251653.cms |title='The Girl On The Train': Parineeti Chopra shares gripping teaser as film gears up for digital release |newspaper=The Times of India |date=13 January 2021 |access-date=13 January 2021}}</ref> The film was directed by [[Ribhu Dasgupta]] featuring Chopra as an [[Alcoholism|alcoholic]] and troubled [[divorcee]] who gets embroiled in a murder investigation. A negative review in ''[[Firstpost]]'' criticised the film for "lacklustre writing" but praised her performance as "sincere", adding, "She manages to embed herself in Mira's tortured mind, giving this film its one selling point."<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2021 |title=The Girl on the Train movie review: Parineeti Chopra's sincere performance is derailed by lackluster storytelling |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/the-girl-on-the-train-movie-review-parineeti-chopras-sincere-performance-is-derailed-by-lacklustre-storytelling-9352161.html}}</ref> Chopra next starred opposite [[Arjun Kapoor]] in [[Dibakar Banerjee]]'s black comedy ''[[Sandeep Aur Pinky Faraar]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://m.indiatoday.in/story/sandeep-aur-pinky-faraar-arjun-kapoor-parineeti-chopra-dibakar-banerjee/1/992816.html |title=Sandeep Aur Pinky Faraar: Arjun Kapoor-Parineeti Chopra reunite for Dibakar Banerjee's next |website=India Today |access-date=4 November 2012}}</ref> ''[[Filmfare Magazine|Filmfare]]'' felt that the film belonged to Chopra, writing "She's the epicenter of the drama and has a multi-layered character that she plays around with. She swiftly moves from a strong unbreakable woman to a broken and vulnerable victim."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/movie-review-sandeep-aur-pinky-faraar-47174.html |title=Movie Review: Sandeep Aur Pinky Faraar; Parineeti Chopra is the epicentre of the drama |website=[[Filmfare Magazine]] |access-date=20 March 2021}}</ref> Her performance in the film earned her a third nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-67the-filmfare-awards-2022/ |title=Nominations for the 67th Filmfare Awards 2022 |date=18 August 2022 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=20 August 2022}}</ref> The biographical sports drama ''[[Saina (film)|Saina]]'' was Chopra's final film of the year.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/parineeti-chopra-starts-day-5-prep-role-saina-nehwal/ |title=Parineeti Chopra starts her day at 5 am to prep for her role as Saina Nehwal! |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=3 April 2019}}</ref> Directed by [[Amol Gupte]], the film saw her portraying the badminton player [[Saina Nehwal]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/parineeti-chopra-gets-trolled-by-her-team-as-she-trains-in-badminton-saina-nehwal-has-epic-response-1556427-2019-06-26 |title=Parineeti Chopra gets trolled by her team as she trains in badminton. Saina Nehwal has epic response |website=India Today |date=25 June 2019 |access-date=26 June 2019}}</ref> Shubhra Gupta of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' noted that she serves drops and smashes as the badminton champ", writing Chopra gives us a good, solid Saina Nehwal. When she raises her racket after a hard-fought win, you cheer."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/saina-movie-review-parineeti-chopra-7246603/ |title=Saina movie review: Parineeti Chopra serves, drops and smashes as badminton champ |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |website=The Indian Express |date=26 March 2021 |access-date=26 March 2021}}</ref> Both ''Sandeep Aur Pinky Faraar'' and ''Saina'' were [[box-office bomb]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desai |first=Rahul |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/parineeti-chopra-movies-list-2021-march-the-curious-case-of-parineeti-saina-the-girl-on-the-train-sandeep-aur-pinky-faraar-bollywood-movies |title=The Curious Case of Parineeti Chopra |website=Film Companion |date=29 March 2023 |access-date=16 November 2023}}</ref>

[[File:Parineeti Chopra snapped promoting Code Name Tiranga at Sun n Sand (6) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|upright|Chopra promoting ''[[Code Name: Tiranga]]'' in 2022]]

Chopra's first film of 2022 was Dasgupta's espionage thriller ''[[Code Name: Tiranga]]'', her second collaboration with the director.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/parineeti-chopra-to-play-covert-agent-in-ribhu-daspgupta-s-next-action-thriller-1753571-2020-12-27/ |title=Parineeti Chopra to play undercover agent in Ribhu Dasgupta's next action thriller |website=India Today |access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Parineeti Chopra on Code Name Tiranga: 'Have pushed my body for this physically challenging film' |access-date=23 September 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=23 September 2022 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/parineeti-chopra-on-code-name-tiranga-have-pushed-my-body-for-this-intensely-physically-challenging-film-8169162/lite/}}</ref> For her role, she learnt [[Krav Maga]], an Israeli martial art developed for the [[Israel Defense Forces]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/parineeti-chopra-learnt-krav-maga-for-three-months-for-code-name-tiranga--news-226775/amp |title=Exclusive - Parineeti Chopra Learnt Krav Maga For Three Months For 'Code Name Tiranga' |work=Outlook India |date=29 September 2022 |language=en |access-date=30 September 2022}}</ref> It received negative reviews and emerged as a commercial failure at the box-office.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/code-name-tiranga-box-office-collection-day-5-parineeti-chopras-film-is-a-huge-disaster-2287072-2022-10-19 |title=Code Name Tiranga box office collection Day 5: Parineeti Chopra's film is a huge disaster |website=India Today |access-date=29 October 2022}}</ref> Deepa Gahlot of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote that Chopra "gets her fair share of the footage, but seems to equate scowling and squinting with seriousness of purpose."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/code-name-tiranga-review/20221014.htm |title=Code Name: Tiranga Review: Too Dull |publisher=Rediff.com |access-date=29 October 2022}}</ref> Chopra next featured as Shraddha Gupta, a tour guide, in the ensemble film ''[[Uunchai]]'', directed by [[Sooraj Barjatya]] under [[Rajshri Productions]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/parineeti-chopra-sooraj-barjatya-uunchai-boman-irani-neena-gupta-7565259/ |title=Parineeti Chopra joins Sooraj Barjatya's Uunchai: Excited to be working with Anupam Kher, Boman Irani, Neena Gupta |website=The Indian Express |access-date=11 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/parineeti-chopra-plays-role-tourist-guide-nepal-sooraj-barjatyas-uunchai-film-shot-worlds-dangerous-airport/ |title=Parineeti Chopra plays the role of a tourist guide in Nepal in Sooraj Barjatya's Uunchai; film shot at world's most DANGEROUS airport |date=9 October 2021 |work=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=9 October 2021}}</ref> Anuj Kumar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' opined that she "gets a half-baked character, and yet, she makes the most of it".<ref>{{Cite news |first1=Anuj |last1=Kumar |title='Uunchai' Movie Review: Amitabh Bachchan's Everest climb is a familiar, yet enriching experience |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/uunchai-movie-review-amitabh-bachchans-everest-climb-is-a-familiar-yet-enriching-experience/article66124625.ece/ |access-date=11 November 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=11 November 2022}}</ref> The following year, Chopra reunited with Akshay Kumar in the disaster film ''[[Mission Raniganj]]'',<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kesari-stars-akshay-kumar-parineeti-chopra-reunite-capsule-gill-based-raniganj-coalfield-rescue-mission/ |title=Kesari stars Akshay Kumar and Parineeti Chopra to reunite in Capsule Gill based on Raniganj Coalfield rescue mission |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=28 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/akshay-kumar-parineeti-chopra-groove-punjabi-beats-upcoming-film-great-indian-rescue-watch-video/ |title=Akshay Kumar and Parineeti Chopra groove to Punjabi beats in upcoming film The Great Indian Rescue; watch video |access-date=29 August 2023 |date=19 August 2023 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> based on the [[Raniganj Coalfields]] collapse of 1989.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/mission-raniganj-trailer-akshay-kumar-promises-authentic-portrayal-of-indias-most-remarkable-daring-rescue-watch-8955295/lite/ |title=Mission Raniganj trailer: Akshay Kumar promises authentic portrayal of India's most remarkable, daring rescue. Watch |website=The Indian Express |date=25 September 2023 |accessdate=25 September 2023}}</ref> Dismissing her role in it, Nandini Ramnath opined that she "contributes little beyond the support expected of the spouse".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1056996/mission-raniganj-review-hysteria-above-and-below-the-ground |title='Mission Raniganj' review: Hysteria above and below the ground |website=Scroll.in |date=6 October 2023 |accessdate=6 October 2023}}</ref> It emerged as a commercial failure at the box-office.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-admits-mission-raniganj-hasnt-done-well-at-the-box-office-i-own-up-but-it-is-one-of-my-best-films-8977452/# |title=Akshay Kumar admits Mission Raniganj 'hasn't done well' at the box office: 'I own up, but it is one of my best films' |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=11 October 2023 |access-date=11 October 2023}}</ref>

In 2024, Chopra portrayed [[Amarjot Kaur (singer)|Amarjot Kaur]], wife of [[Amar Singh Chamkila]], opposite [[Diljit Dosanjh]] in the [[Imtiaz Ali (director)|Imtiaz Ali]] directorial ''[[Amar Singh Chamkila (film)|Amar Singh Chamkila]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/diljit-dosanjh-parineeti-chopra-kick-off-imtiaz-alis-chamkila-december-11/ |title=Diljit Dosanjh and Parineeti Chopra to kick off Imtiaz Ali's Chamkila on December 11 |access-date=2 January 2023 |date=10 December 2022 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2024 |title=Parineeti Chopra reveals she will be singing 15 songs in Diljit Dosanjh starrer Chamkila |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/parineeti-chopra-reveals-will-singing-15-songs-diljit-dosanjh-starrer-chamkila-says-co-star-diljit-heard-sing-told-pursue/ |access-date=21 February 2024 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref> Chopra left [[Sandeep Reddy Vanga]]'s ''[[Animal (2023 Indian film)|Animal]]'', to be a part of the project, due to schedule conflicts. Chopra stated, "It's one of the most exciting films that I've ever worked on."<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 March 2022 |title=Rashmika Mandanna comes on board for Ranbir Kapoor's 'Animal' after Parineeti Chopra backs out |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/rashmika-mandanna-comes-on-board-for-ranbir-kapoors-animal-after-parineeti-chopra-backs-out-report/articleshow/90514169.cms?from=mdr |access-date=12 December 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=10 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710112058/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/rashmika-mandanna-comes-on-board-for-ranbir-kapoors-animal-after-parineeti-chopra-backs-out-report/articleshow/90514169.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2023 |title=Parineeti Chopra talks about slain musicians biopic Chamkila |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/news/parineeti-chopra-chamkila-capsule-gill-1235514178/ |access-date=22 September 2023 |website=Variety |language=en |archive-date=15 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240415195211/https://variety.com/2023/film/asia/parineeti-chopra-chamkila-capsule-gill-1235514178/amp/ |url-status=live}}</ref> For her role in the film, Chopra gained 15 kilos.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2023 |title=Parineeti Chopra reveals she had to gain 15 kgs for Imtiaz Ali's Chamkila |url=https://m.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/parineeti-chopra-reveals-she-had-to-gain-15-kgs-for-imtiaz-alis-chamkila-62936.amp |access-date=10 December 2023 |website=Filmfare |language=en |archive-date=15 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240415195157/https://m.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/parineeti-chopra-reveals-she-had-to-gain-15-kgs-for-imtiaz-alis-chamkila-62936.amp |url-status=live}}</ref> The film was released digitally on [[Netflix]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diljit Dosanjh, Parineeti Chopra and Imtiaz Ali set to bring Amar Singh Chamkila on Netflix on April 12, see first poster |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/diljit-dosanjh-parineeti-chopra-imtiaz-ali-set-bring-amar-singh-chamkila-netflix-april-12-see-first-poster/ |date=26 February 2024 |work=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=26 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Parineeti Chopra expresses gratitude on being praised for Amar Singh Chamkila: 'Something I've waited for years' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/parineeti-chopra-expresses-gratitude-on-being-praised-for-amar-singh-chamkila-something-i-ve-waited-for-years-101713019981237-amp.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=14 April 2024 |date=13 April 2024}}</ref> In her review for ''[[WION]]'', Shomini Sen found Chopra to be "beautifully restrained" as Amarjot and was appreciative of her chemistry with Dosanjh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amar Singh Chamkila Review: Imtiaz Ali's best work to date has Diljit Dosanjh and Parineeti Chopra in top form |url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-amar-singh-chamkila-review-imtiaz-alis-best-work-to-date-has-diljit-dosanjh-and-parineeti-chopra-in-top-form-710433 |author=Shomini Sen |work=The Week |date=12 April 2024 |access-date=12 April 2024}}</ref> The film eventually emerged as the most-watched Hindi streaming film of the year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amar Singh Chamkila emerges as most-watched Hindi streaming film of 2024, Murder Mubarak close second |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/amar-singh-chamkila-emerges-as-most-watched-hindi-streaming-film-of-2024-murder-mubarak-close-second-9472255/lite/ |work=The Indian Express |date=24 July 2024 |access-date=21 September 2024}}</ref> Her performance earned her several awards and nominations including [[2024 Filmfare OTT Awards|Filmfare OTT Award for Best Actor in a Web Original Film – Female]] nomination.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners of the Danube Properties Filmfare OTT Awards 2024: Full List Out |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/winners-of-the-danube-properties-filmfare-ott-awards-2024-full-list-out-69977.html |date=1 December 2024 |access-date=2 December 2024 |website=Filmfare}}</ref>

Chopra will next appear in an yet untitled film and will also mark her web debut with Netflix's next thriller series.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parineeti Chopra's 'almost wrap' update about her next film is filled with bitter sweet moments |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/parineeti-chopras-almost-wrap-update-about-her-next-film-is-filled-with-bitter-sweet-moments-aa-9214525.html |work=News18 |date=4 February 2025 |access-date=22 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Parineeti Chopra gears up for her first Netflix yet-to-be-titled thriller series |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/parineeti-chopra-gears-up-for-her-first-netflix-yet-to-be-titled-thriller-series-2685151-2025-02-25 |work=India Today |date=25 February 2025 |access-date=28 February 2025}}</ref>

== Other ventures ==
=== Television ===
In 2014, Chopra made her first appearance on television in [[Zee TV]]'s ''[[India's Best Cinestars Ki Khoj]]'' as a mentor. In 2015, she first did a cameo role of a doctor in the mini web-series ''Man's World''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parineeti, Kalki, Richa Show it is So Not a Man's World in the Trailer |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/parineeti-kalki-richa-show-it-is-so-not-a-mans-world-in-trailer-1223420 |access-date=28 September 2015 |publisher=NDTV}}</ref> She then appeared as Mariama in the documentary ''Girl Rising India – Woh Padhegi, Woh Udegi'', that premiered on [[Star Plus]] on the occasion of [[Raksha Bandhan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Girl Rising India – Woh Padhegi, Woh Udegi |url=https://www.girlrising.in/about-us/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418030545/https://www.girlrising.in/about-us/ |archive-date=18 April 2013 |access-date=30 August 2015 |work=Girlrising}}</ref> In addition to this, she has hosted the 3rd ''[[Stardust Awards]]'' with [[Ayushmann Khurana]] in 2013, the 11th ''[[Producers Guild Film Awards|Star Guild Awards]]'' with [[Kapil Sharma]] in 2015 and the second ''[[Times of India Film Awards]]'' with [[Riteish Deshmukh]] in 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |title=TOIFA full winner list, a starry night hosted by Riteish and Parineeti |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/bollywood-stars-make-toifa-2016-a-night-to-remember/articleshow/51471577.cms |work=The Times of India |date=28 January 2017}}</ref> She next appeared as a contestant on [[Star Plus]]'s ''[[Lip Sing Battle]]'' along with [[Karan Johar]] in 2017. In 2018, she hosted the [[63rd Filmfare Awards]] with [[Shah Rukh Khan]], Johar and Khurana. Chopra made her television debut as a judge alongside [[Mithun Chakraborty]] and Johar on the reality show titled ''[[Hunarbaaz: Desh Ki Shaan]]'', which premiered on [[Colors TV]] in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2021 |title=Parineeti Chopra announces TV debut as judge of Hunarbaz Desh Ki Shaan: 'TV always felt like a natural fit' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/parineeti-chopra-tv-debut-with-hunarbaz-desh-ki-shaan-karan-johar-mithun-chakraborty-7670080/ |access-date=5 February 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=When Parineeti Chopra had 'pinch me' moment after performing with Kumar Sanu |work=Mid Day |access-date=29 March 2022 |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/when-parineeti-chopra-had-pinch-me-moment-after-performing-with-kumar-sanu-23220497}}</ref> She also appeared as a guest and contestant on ''[[Khatra Khatra Khatra]]'', the same year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parineeti Chopra as a guest on Harsh and Bharti's The Khatra Khatra Show |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/parineeti-chopra-appear-premiere-bharti-singh-and-haarsh-s-khatra-khatra-khatra-show-1043015%3famp |access-date=11 March 2022 |work=Pinkvilla |archive-date=10 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510172120/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/parineeti-chopra-appear-premiere-bharti-singh-and-haarsh-s-khatra-khatra-khatra-show-1043015?amp |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Music and stage performances ===
Chopra made her [[Playback singer|playback singing]] debut in 2017 with the song "[[Maana Ke Hum Yaar Nahin]]" and received praise for her vocal performance and singing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maana Ke Hum Yaar Nahin: Parineeti impresses with her singing debut, receive praises |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/magazine/instep-today/195247-Parineeti-Chopra-impresses-with-her-singing-debut |work=The New |date=29 March 2017 |access-date=23 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/meri-pyaari-bindu/songs/music-critic-review/ |title=Meri Pyaari Bindu Music Review |last=Tuteja |first=Joginder |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=23 April 2017 |access-date=25 March 2021}}</ref> ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' praised Chopra and wrote, "One has to admit that she does a really good job in rendering this one. The kind of ''thehrav'' that she brings with her singing is truly remarkable."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/meri-pyaari-bindu/songs/music-critic-review/ |title=Meri Pyaari Bindu Music Review - Bollywood Hungama |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=12 May 2017 |access-date=20 July 2018}}</ref> The song earned her nominations for the [[Screen Award for Best Female Playback|Screen Award for Best Female Playback Singer]] and the [[Mirchi Music Award for Upcoming Female Vocalist of The Year]].<ref>{{cite episode |title=Screen Awards 2017 |series=Screen Awards |network=SET Max |date=31 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2017/nominations/ |title=Nominations – Mirchi Music Awards 2017 |website=Mirchi Music Awards |access-date=25 September 2019}}</ref> In 2019, Chopra recorded the female version of the song "[[Teri Mitti]]" for the film, ''[[Kesari (2019 film)|Kesari]]'', when the film entered "Rs 150 cr club".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/people/article/heard-teri-mitti-from-kesari-now-listen-to-it-in-parineeti-chopras-mellifluous-voice/400986 |title=Heard Teri Mitti from Kesari? Now, listen to it in Parineeti Chopra's mellifluous voice |last=Dixit |first=Shivani |website=[[Times Now]] |date=16 April 2019 |access-date=25 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities-parineeti-chopra-shares-her-version-of-akshay-kumar-starrer-kesari-song-teri-mitti-watch-video-514779 |title=Parineeti Chopra shares her version of Kesari song 'Teri Mitti', calls singing her 'first love' |last=Taneja |first=Parina |publisher=India TV |date=16 April 2019 |language=en |access-date=24 April 2020}}</ref> She sang the unplugged version of the song "Matlabi Yariyan" for the film ''[[The Girl on the Train (2021 film)|The Girl on the Train]]'' in 2021.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/parineeti-chopra-on-singing-matlabi-yariyan-in-the-girl-on-the-train-i-hope-third-time-s-lucky-for-me-101613208878033.html |title=Parineeti Chopra on singing Matlabi Yariyan in The Girl on the Train: 'I hope third time's lucky for me' |access-date=13 February 2021}}</ref>

She has performed on stage at the [[Filmfare Awards|Filmfare]], [[International Indian Film Academy Awards|IIFA]] and [[Stardust Awards|Stardust]] award ceremonies.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parineeti Chopra gives a power-packed performance at the Filmfare Awards |url=https://www.filmfare.com/photos/parineeti-chopra-gives-a-power-packed-performance-at-the-63rd-jio-filmfare-awards-26201.html |work=Filmfare |date=20 January 2018 |access-date=24 February 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811235434/https://www.filmfare.com/photos/parineeti-chopra-gives-a-power-packed-performance-at-the-63rd-jio-filmfare-awards-26201.html |archive-date=11 August 2020}}</ref> In August 2016, Chopra performed in various cities in the [[United States]] for the "Dream Team 2016" tour, alongside Johar, [[Varun Dhawan]], [[Sidharth Malhotra]], [[Aditya Roy Kapur]], [[Katrina Kaif]], [[Alia Bhatt]] and [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Bollywood Dream Team 2016: Katrina, Alia, Parineeti, Sidharth, Varun, Aditya Roy Kapur and Badshah US tour in August |url=http://www.indianewsbulletin.com/bollywood-dream-team-us-tour-august-2016-to-feature-alia-bhatt-katrina-kaif-parineeti-chopra-varun-dhawan |work=India Bulletin |date=10 August 2016 |access-date=24 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160926235434/http://www.indianewsbulletin.com/bollywood-dream-team-us-tour-august-2016-to-feature-alia-bhatt-katrina-kaif-parineeti-chopra-varun-dhawan |archive-date=26 September 2016}}</ref> According to Chopra, she felt "rejuvenated" post the Dream Team tour.<ref>{{Cite news |author=TOI Entertainment |title=Parineeti Chopra rejuvenated after Dream Team tour |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=28 January 2017 |access-date=31 August 2017 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/parineeti-chopra-rejuvenated-after-dream-team-tour/articleshow/53944831.cms}}</ref>

=== Philanthropy ===
[[File:Parineeti Chopra attends the second edition of Behtar India (6).jpg|left|upright=0.9|thumb|Chopra in 2018]]

In addition to acting in films, Chopra is active in charity work and supports a number of causes. She walked the ramp at the [[Wills Lifestyle India Fashion Week]] to support the [[Shabana Azmi]] Mijwan Welfare Society, a NGO dedicated to empowering girls.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2012/oct/081012-Parineeti-Chopra-graceful-walk-gets-thumbs-up-at-WIFW.htm |title=Parineeti Chopra's graceful walk gets thumbs-up at WIFW |date=8 October 2012 |website=[[Mid-Day]] |access-date=2 February 2013}}</ref> She also appeared on NDTV's Greenathon, an initiative to support eco-friendliness and investigate poor electricity supplies in rural villages, to lend her support.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/slideshow/index/type/view/id/1114/Check+Out%3A+B-Town+stars+at+NDTV+Greenathon |title=Check Out: B-Town stars at NDTV Greenathon |date=22 May 2012 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323230820/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/slideshow/index/type/view/id/1114/Check%2BOut%3A%2BB-Town%2Bstars%2Bat%2BNDTV%2BGreenathon |archive-date=23 March 2014 |access-date=2 February 2013}}</ref> In 2013, she along with [[Urmila Matondkar]], walked for [[Manish Malhotra]] in [[London]], to support the Angeli Foundation – a charity that works to empower the Girl child in India.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/lifestyle/fashion/parineeti-chopra-urmila-matondkar-walk-the-ramp/videoshow/18732567.cms |title=Parineeti Chopra, Urmila Matondkar walk the ramp |work=The Times of India |date=28 February 2013 |access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref> Chopra was appointed as the brand ambassador for the 'Beti Bachao-Beti Padhao' campaign to promote the cause of girl child by the Haryana government in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/advertising/haryana-govt-names-parineeti-chopra-brand-ambassador-for-beti-bachao/48108380 |title=Haryana govt names Parineeti Chopra brand ambassador for 'Beti Bachao' |access-date=17 July 2015 |work=Economics Times}}</ref> In 2016, she was seen on the TV show ''[[Mission Sapne]]'', where she helped 13-year-old Bhavna Suthalya secure a better future.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mission Sapne 2: Parineeti Chopra to sell books and stationery on the TV show |access-date=20 February 2016 |work=India Today |date=17 February 2016 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/mission-sapne-2-parineeti-chopra-to-sell-books-and-stationary-on-the-show-309242-2016-02-17}}</ref>

In 2017, Chopra became an ambassador for Tourism Australia in 'Friends of Australia' advocacy panel by Tourism Australia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/travel/travel-buzz/story/parineeti-chopra-bollywood-ambassador-tourism-australia-travel-lifetr-1038205-2017-09-05 |title=Parineeti Chopra becomes the first Indian woman ambassador for Tourism Australia |date=5 September 2017 |access-date=5 September 2017}}</ref> According to the India Entertainment Marketing Report 2019, Indian visitors to Australia have grown at an average of 21 percent since the appointment of Chopra in comparison to 15 percent growth experienced during the prior six months.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.asianage.com/entertainment/bollywood/240619/parineeti-chopra-propels-australias-tourism.html |title=Parineeti Chopra propels Australia's tourism |date=24 June 2019 |access-date=24 June 2019}}</ref> In 2020, Chopra did a virtual coffee date with people to raise funds that will feed 4,000 family members of 1,000 daily wage earners.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Tribune Entertainment |title=Parineeti Chopra: Coffee for a cause |work=The Tribune |access-date=17 August 2020 |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/reviews/story/parineeti-chopra-coffee-for-a-cause-81049}}</ref> Chopra is an aquaphile and was chosen as [[Professional Association of Diving Instructors|PADI]]'s AmbassaDiver in May 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parineeti Chopra turns an 'AmbassaDiver' to save the ocean: 'We are all equal underwater |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/bollywood/parineeti-chopra-turns-an-ambassadiver-to-save-the-ocean-we-are-all-equal-underwater |date=17 May 2022 |work=Free Press Journal |access-date=22 May 2022}}</ref> She has taken active part in cleaning the ocean during her [[scuba diving]] sessions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parineeti Chopra collects plastic waste from ocean while scuba diving; fans say, 'very proud of you'. Watch |access-date=20 June 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=18 June 2022 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/parineeti-chopra-collects-plastic-waste-from-ocean-while-scuba-diving-watch-101655540037047-amp.html}}</ref> Chopra also cleaned [[Mumbai]]'s beach post Ganpati ''visarjan'' in September 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive! Parineeti Chopra to help clean up Mumbai beaches after Ganpati visarjan |access-date=7 September 2022 |work=The Tribune |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/parineeti-chopra-to-help-clean-up-mumbai-beaches-after-ganpati-visarjan-428751}}</ref> She has also ramp walked in the [[Lakme Fashion Week]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parineeti Chopra adds grace to Masaba Gupta's Benarasi collection at Lakme Fashion Week Summer-Resort 2013 |work=India Today |date=22 March 2013 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/lakme-fashion-week-2013/photo/shriya-saran-walks-the-ramp-for-asmita-marwa-369384-2013-03-22/3 |access-date=22 April 2013}}</ref> and has been the [[cover model]] for several magazines.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parineeti Chopra dresses up as a bride for Khush Wedding Magazine's cover; see pics |work=The Indian Express |date=14 April 2020 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/parineeti-chopra-magazine-cover-fashion-photos-6361878/lite/ |access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Parineeti Chopra on Filmfare's cover: Gets candid about work, trolling, depression, success and more |work=Filmfare |url=https://m.filmfare.com/interviews/coverstory-parineeti-chopra-gets-candid-about-work-trolling-depression-and-more-51931.amp |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref> Chopra was conferred with "Master Scuba Diver" title in 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Parineeti Chopra becomes 'Master Scuba Diver' after 9 years, pens a heartfelt note |work=The Economics Times |date=21 January 2023 |access-date=22 January 2023 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/parineeti-chopra-becomes-master-scuba-diver-pens-a-heartfelt-note/articleshow/97198952.cms}}</ref>

=== Entrepreneurship ===
In July 2023, Chopra turned entrepreneur, and became an investor and partner in the beauty and cosmetic brand "Clensta".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Parineeti Chopra turns entrepreneur with strategic investment in Clensta |access-date=10 July 2023 |work=The Economic Times |date=10 July 2023 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/sme-sector/parineeti-chopra-turns-entrepreneur-with-strategic-investment-in-clensta/articleshow/101630146.cms}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Parineeti Chopra turns entrepreneur with Clensta, calls it a four year long dream |access-date=10 July 2023 |work=The Indian Express |date=10 July 2023 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/parineeti-chopra-turns-entrepreneur-calls-it-a-four-year-long-dream-8823502/lite/}}</ref> Expanding her entrepreneurial journey, in September that year, Chopra invested in "Tritiyaa Fine Jewellery", a venture founded by entrepreneur Kanthi Dutt.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actor Parineeti Chopra invest in Tritiyaa Fine Jewellery |access-date=14 September 2023 |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=7 September 2023 |url=https://startup.outlookindia.com/sector/e-commerce/actor-parineeti-chopra-invests-in-tritiyaa-fine-jewellery-news-9348}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Parineeti Chopra becomes an investor in Tritiyaa Fine Jewellery |access-date=16 September 2023 |work=The Indian Express |date=12 September 2023 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/parineeti-chopra-becomes-investor-tritiyaa-fine-jewellery/}}</ref>

== Artistry and reception ==
[[File:Parineeti Chopra snapped in Delhi (2) (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Chopra in 2022]]

Following her debut, Chopra was regarded as one of the most promising actresses in Hindi cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120908/jsp/entertainment/story_15950498.jsp |title=NEWBILE SIX! |date=8 September 2012 |website=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328045443/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120908/jsp/entertainment/story_15950498.jsp |archive-date=28 March 2013 |access-date=27 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Star Power Actress: Parineeti Chopra |work=Bollywood Hungama |archive-date=3 June 2014 |access-date=20 July 2022 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-star-power-female/filterby/IND/2021/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140603151522/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-star-power-female/filterby/IND/2021}}</ref> For her portrayal of brash, loud mouthed Dimple Chaddha in ''[[Ladies vs Ricky Bahl]]'' (2011), [[Rajeev Masand]] said that "she steals the film from under the nose of its leads". She was termed as Bollywood's "[[girl next door]]".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Happy Birthday Parineeti Chopra: 5 times Pari played girl next door onscreen which we could relate to |work=Pinkvilla |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/happy-birthday-parineeti-chopra-5-times-pari-played-girl-next-door-onscreen-which-we-could-relate-569823?amp |access-date=23 October 2020 |archive-date=1 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201121900/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/happy-birthday-parineeti-chopra-5-times-pari-played-girl-next-door-onscreen-which-we-could-relate-569823?amp |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-ladies-vs-ricky-bahl-is-watchable/210395-47-84.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107195053/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-ladies-vs-ricky-bahl-is-watchable/210395-47-84.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 January 2012 |title=Ladies vs Ricky Bahl is watchable – Reviews – Masand's Verdict |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=16 December 2011}}</ref> She is noted for her acting versatility and range.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Check Out Four Parineeti Chopra's Performances We Can Watch Over and Over! |work=The Quint |date=10 December 2018 |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/7-years-of-parineeti-chopra-her-four-best-performances |access-date=25 October 2020}}</ref>

The actress' roles and performances have been studied by critics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Star Power Actress: Parineeti Chopra |work=Bollywood Hungama |archive-date=3 June 2014 |access-date=15 July 2021 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-star-power-female/filterby/IND/2017/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140603151522/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-star-power-female/filterby/IND/2017/}}</ref> ''[[NDTV]]'' noted, "[Chopra]....is as far removed from the standard Bollywood bombshell as it is possible for a lead actress to be. She's more girl next door than glamour doll, with no obvious oomph in evidence, and freely confesses to a battle with the weighing scale".<ref name="ndtv" /> ''[[The Indian Express]]'' labelled her the "most brightest and talented" newcomer of this generation, noting "her infectious amount of energy".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/i-hope-i-am-accepted-as-zoya-in-ishaqzaade-parineeti-chopra/943997/ |title=I hope I am accepted as Zoya in 'Ishaqzaade': Parineeti Chopra |last=Ramsubramaniam, Nikhil |date=1 May 2012 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=2 February 2013}}</ref> While discussing her career in a 2013 article, ''[[CNN-IBN]]'' noted, "[she]....is one of the few actresses in the current lot who has a strong screen presence which demands absolute attention from the viewer. When she is on screen, one can't notice other actors—Parineeti engages you in such a way".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/parineeti-chopra-watch-her-closely-shell-surprise-you/379786-8-66.html |title=Parineeti Chopra: Watch her closely, she'll surprise you! |date=19 March 2013 |work=CNN-IBN |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130322025615/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/parineeti-chopra-watch-her-closely-shell-surprise-you/379786-8-66.html |archive-date=22 March 2013 |access-date=20 March 2013}}</ref> ''[[Filmfare]]'' noted, "She's not only an actress with great screen presence, but also a loveable personality off screen....quite the complete package".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/5-reasons-to-love-parineeti-chopra-10933.html |title=5 reasons to love Parineeti Chopra! |work=Filmfare |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130322025615/https://www.filmfare.com/features/5-reasons-to-love-parineeti-chopra-10933.html |archive-date=22 March 2013 |access-date=20 December 2017}}</ref>

Writer Suhani Singh find Chopra to be animated, charming and fun woman who dreads the word "workout". She says Chopra has an "attractive and vivacious personality".<ref name="BSPC">{{Cite web |author=Suhani Singh |title=I never think, speak or act diplomatically, says Parineeti Chopra |work=India Today |date=30 November 1999 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/supplement/story/20140120-i-never-think-speak-or-act-diplomatically-says-parineeti-chopra-798354-1999-11-29 |access-date=12 September 2017}}</ref> ''[[Verve (Indian magazine)|Verve]]''{{'}}s Sitanshi Talati-Parikh termed her "gritty and hard-working to the extent of being tenacious" about her roles, her characters, her life.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Sitanshi Talati-Parikh |title=Parineeti Chopra: Girl On The Wire |work=Verve |date=21 September 2013 |url=https://www.vervemagazine.in/people/parineeti-chopra |access-date=22 September 2014}}</ref> For her performance in ''[[Ishaqzaade]]'' (2012), film critic Rajeev Masand described her as "the biggest strength of the film". But with her earlier repetitive roles, he thought her "sheen was wearing off".<ref>{{Cite web |author=Gautaman Bhaskaran |title=Parineeti Chopra's sheen is wearing off |work=Hindustan Times |date=20 September 2014 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/parineeti-chopra-s-sheen-is-wearing-off/story-ukQoq61H4saEy782J55FEL_amp.html |access-date=15 May 2015}}</ref> Amit Tyagi of ''[[India Today]]'' feels Chopra has been "working towards changing woman characters' portrayal in Bollywood" one film at a time.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parineeti Chopra never wants to play the quintessential Bollywood heroine. Here's why |work=India Today |date=13 April 2021 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/parineeti-chopra-never-wants-to-play-the-quintessential-bollywood-heroine-here-s-why-1790442-2021-04-13 |access-date=15 November 2021}}</ref> While writing for ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'', Anil Thakraney termed Chopra's "punctuality and respect for another person's time" as a rarity in the film world.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Anil Thakraney |title=Gifted, gorgeous and unguarded Parineeti Chopra |work=Vogue |date=30 January 2014 |url=https://www.vogue.in/content/cover-story-gifted-gorgeous-and-unguarded-parineeti-chopra/amp |access-date=31 January 2014}}</ref> Shrishti Negi of ''[[News 18]]'' finds her to be the performer who has "always been good, always been multifaceted".<ref>{{Cite web |author=Shrishti Negi |title=Is 2021 Going to be the Year of the Intense Parineeti Chopra? |work=News18 |date=29 March 2021 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/is-2021-going-to-be-the-year-of-the-intense-parineeti-chopra-3581402.html |access-date=31 May 2021}}</ref>

Her directors believe Chopra gets into the skin of her characters. [[Vinil Mathew]] had said, "Chopra is a clown and I wanted a character like her in my film. She is an extremely quirky actress". He further added that Chopra was always on his "wish list".<ref>{{Cite web |author=Rediff Movies |title=Parineeti Chopra is a big drama queen |publisher=Rediff.com |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-parineeti-chopra-is-a-big-drama-queen/20140206.htm |access-date=12 February 2015}}</ref> [[Dibakar Banerjee]] found Chopra to be a "very strong-willed and combative individual who needs her own answers". He further said, "She taught me a lesson about ‘gameface' I'll never forget it and I used it in the film."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Parineeti is a strong-willed individual who needs her own answers: Dibakar Banerjee |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=April 2021 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/parineeti-is-a-strong-willed-individual-who-needs-her-own-answers-dibakar-banerjee/articleshow/81793359.cms |access-date=25 April 2021}}</ref>

Chopra says, "I never think, speak or act diplomatically." She further says she stays "focused on her character or a scene and enjoy being this new person".<ref name="BSPC" /> In an interview with ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', Chopra revealed that she intends to do films where she has lot to perform, and not the films which has high production value. She said,
{{Blockquote|"I have been offered so many films and they might be great for an actor commercially, but my personal belief is to invest my time in projects that I will be proud of. I don't want to do a film that will get me money and has a huge star cast and a big director. I want to do films where I have a lot to do. I don't want to do a film in which I only get to dance or do a couple of songs. I really want meaty roles."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/I-am-not-a-showpiece-Parineeti-Chopra/Article1-1003349.aspx |title=I am not a showpiece: Parineeti Chopra |last=Singh, Prashant |date=29 January 2013 |website=Hindustan Times |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131174256/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/I-am-not-a-showpiece-Parineeti-Chopra/Article1-1003349.aspx |archive-date=31 January 2013 |access-date=2 February 2013}}</ref>}}

== Personal life ==
Chopra maintains a close relationship with her family. Despite being known for her media-friendly attitude, Chopra has been guarded about discussing her relationships.
In 2019, Chopra spoke about her personal experience of battling depression.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Parineeti Chopra talks about battling depression, "I used to cry ten times a day! It was the darkest phase of my life" |access-date=7 August 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=6 August 2019 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/de-stress/parineeti-chopra-talks-about-battling-depression-i-used-to-cry-ten-times-a-day/articleshow/70554303.cms}}</ref> Chopra has been outspoken on issues such as weight gain and body-shaming. She said, "Body-shaming is the most ridiculous thing on earth. It is something natural and what you are born with. But every human being should strive to be their fittest. They shouldn't strive to be the skinniest. You can be fit at your body type." On being criticised for her weight, she said, "I agreed with them that I wasn't looking my best. I wasn't doing my best for my fitness. I think I would have gotten hurt if I was doing everything that I could and I was really my fittest, and then people didn't like the way I looked. I think that would have affected me. But I agreed with them because I knew I wasn't doing my best."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parineeti Chopra says criticism about her weight did not bother her: 'I agreed with them'; also opens up on body shaming |access-date=26 March 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=26 March 2021 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/parineeti-chopra-says-criticism-about-her-weight-did-not-bother-her-i-agreed-with-them-101616761182833-amp.html}}</ref> Chopra also spoke on the pay gap in [[Bollywood]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parineeti Chopra doesn't talk about pay parity because 'girls make up for it with endorsements', Twitter users call her shallow |access-date=7 August 2019 |work=Hindustan Times |date=6 August 2019 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/parineeti-chopra-doesn-t-talk-about-pay-parity-because-girls-make-up-for-it-with-endorsements-twitter-users-calls-her-shallow/story-LnVT77tjxHeHg9EtuxQyuM_amp.html}}</ref> She said, "I always felt like I deserved a little bit more but I only got this much. But then girls do a lot of endorsements so we kind of make it up. So that is why I never talk about it (pay parity) because the boys don't do as many endorsements as girls. I hope I'm right. We do so many beauty commercials and hair commercials like so many brands and I think we kind of cover it up." Her statement was met by several criticism.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parineeti Chopra Draws Flak For Saying Beauty, Hair Commercials Compensate For Unequal Pay |access-date=8 August 2019 |work=News 18 |date=7 August 2019 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/parineeti-chopra-draws-flack-for-saying-beauty-hair-commercials-compensate-for-gender-pay-gap-2260995.html}}</ref>

During her career's early stage, she was linked to director [[Maneesh Sharma]], something which was later denied by the actress.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/gossip/story/parineeti-chopra-dating-director-maneesh-sharma-link-up-rumour-335670-2016-08-17 |title=Parineeti Chopra on dating director Maneesh Sharma: I don't have a romantic life |work=India Today |access-date=18 November 2016}}</ref> Despite persistent rumours of dating politician and [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|MP]] [[Raghav Chadha]] since March 2023, Chopra did not publicly speak about the relationship.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/parineeti-chopra-and-raghav-chadha-a-timeline-of-their-shuddh-desi-romance-4029227 |title=Parineeti Chopra And Raghav Chadha: A Timeline Of Their 'Shuddh Desi Romance' |work=NDTV India |access-date=13 May 2023}}</ref> They got engaged on 13 May 2023 at [[Kapurthala House]] in [[New Delhi]].<ref name="PCRC">{{Cite web |title=Parineeti Chopra gets engaged to Raghav Chadha, shares first pics: 'Everything I prayed for' |work=The Indian Express |date=13 May 2023 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/parineeti-chopra-raghav-chadha-engagement-photos-videos-8605619/lite/ |access-date=13 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FIRST PHOTOS! Parineeti Chopra and Raghav Chadha look resplendent in white as they get engaged in Delhi |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=13 May 2023 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/first-photos-parineeti-chopra-raghav-chadha-look-resplendent-white-get-engaged-delhi/ |access-date=13 May 2023}}</ref> Chopra married Chadha on 24 September 2023 at [[The Leela|The Leela Palace]], [[Udaipur]], [[Rajasthan]] in a traditional [[Hindu marriage|Hindu wedding]] ceremony.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parineeti Chopra and Raghav Chadha wedding live updates: RaagNeeti done with pheras, are now married |work=Hindustan Times |date=24 September 2023 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/parineeti-chopra-raghav-chadha-wedding-live-updates-udaipur-pictures-videos-guests-101695526408661-amp.html |access-date=24 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Parineeti Chopra-Raghav Chadha share first wedding photos, Priyanka Chopra shares a loving note |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/parineeti-chopra-raghav-chadha-share-first-wedding-photos-priyanka-chopra-shares-a-loving-note-8954742/lite/ |access-date=24 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Parineeti Chopra's modern bridal look in ivory Manish Malhotra lehenga: Decoded |work=India Today |date=25 September 2023 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/fashion/story/parineeti-chopra-modern-bridal-lehenga-in-ivory-manish-malhotra-lehenga-decoded-raghav-chadha-wedding-pics-2439871-2023-09-25 |access-date=25 September 2023}}</ref>
On 19 October 2025, she gave birth to their son, Neer.<ref name="It's a boy! Parineeti Chopra and Raghav Chadha welcome their first child together">{{cite news |date=19 October 2025 |title=It's a boy! Parineeti Chopra and Raghav Chadha welcome their first child together |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/parineeti-chopra-and-raghav-chadha-welcome-their-first-child-together/articleshow/124684148.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251019163017/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/parineeti-chopra-and-raghav-chadha-welcome-their-first-child-together/articleshow/124684148.cms |archive-date=19 October 2025 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Parineeti Chopra and Raghav Chadha reveal the name of their baby boy, share first pics |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/parineeti-chopra-and-raghav-chadha-reveal-the-name-of-their-baby-boy-share-first-pictures-of-baby-boy-neer-101763532750075.html |access-date=21 November 2025 |work=Hindustan Times |date=19 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251119142312/https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/parineeti-chopra-and-raghav-chadha-reveal-the-name-of-their-baby-boy-share-first-pictures-of-baby-boy-neer-101763532750075.html |archive-date=19 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

== In the media ==
Chopra has appeared in ''[[Forbes India]]''{{'s}} [[Forbes Celebrity 100|Celebrity 100]] list since 2013.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2013-celebrity-100/1439/1 |title=2013 Celebrity 100 |work=Forbes India |access-date=20 December 2013 |archive-date=19 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219063445/http://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2013-celebrity-100/1439/1 |url-status=live}}</ref> She debuted at 77th position with an estimated annual income of {{INRConvert|53.6|m}}. In 2019, with an estimated annual income of {{INRConvert|125|m}}, she peaked at the 41st position.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2019-celebrity-100/1819/all |title=2019 Celebrity 100 |work=Forbes India |access-date=20 December 2018 |archive-date=19 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219063445/http://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2019-celebrity-100/1819/all |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Parineeti Chopra |work=Forbes India |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/celebprofile2019/parineeti-chopra/1819/81 |archive-date=19 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219063445/http://www.forbesindia.com/celebprofile2019/parineeti-chopra/1819/81 |access-date=22 August 2022}}</ref> Chopra also has a large social media footprint, with over 44.1 million [[Instagram]] and 14.6 million [[Twitter]] followers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cosmopolitan.in/celebrity/features/photo/these-are-18-most-followed-indians-instagram-666375-2020-12-11 |title=Exclusive! These Are The 18 Most-Followed Indians Celebrities On Instagram! |access-date=30 September 2021 |work=Cosmopolitan}}</ref>

The actress appeared on ''[[Verve (Indian magazine)|Verve]]''{{'}}s list of most powerful women in 2011.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Uttamchandani, Dishina |date=June 2012 |title=Power Moment |url=http://www.verveonline.com/109/people/power-moment.shtml |url-status=live |journal=Verve |volume=20 |issue=6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404101530/http://verveonline.com/109/people/power-moment.shtml |archive-date=4 April 2013 |access-date=2 February 2013}}</ref> She was placed 2nd in ''[[Times of India]]''{{'}}s Most Promising Newcomer of 2011.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/the-most-promising-newcomer-of-2011-female/articleshow/12402589.cms |title=Parineeti Chopra at 2 in Most Promising Newcomer List 2011 |access-date=27 March 2012 |work=The Times of India |date=27 March 2012}}</ref> In its 50 Most Desirable Women List, she debuted at 44th place in 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/queens-of-desire/articleshow/35726757.cms#:~:text=India%20has%20voted%20and%20chosen,Deepika%20Padukone%20tops%20the%20list. |title=Parineeti Chopra debuts at 44th rank in Times Most Desirable List 2013 |access-date=30 May 2014 |work=The Times of India |date=30 May 2014}}</ref> In 2012, 2014 and 2024, ''[[Rediff.com]]'' placed Chopra in their listing of the "Top Bollywood Actresses".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-yearend-special-bollywood-s-top-ten-actresses-of-2012/20121221.htm#5 |title=Bollywood's 10 Best Actresses Of 2012 |date=21 December 2012 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127161020/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-yearend-special-bollywood-s-top-ten-actresses-of-2012/20121221.htm |archive-date=27 January 2013 |access-date=2 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Top 10 Bollywood actresses of the year so far |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-top-10-bollywood-actresses-of-the-year-so-far/20140703.htm#3 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=3 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910184831/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-top-10-bollywood-actresses-of-the-year-so-far/20140703.htm#3 |archive-date=10 September 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Women We Loved In 2024 |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/special/the-women-we-loved-in-2024/20241203.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=10 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241216184831/https://m.rediff.com/movies/special/the-women-we-loved-in-2024/20241203.htm |archive-date=16 December 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> She was placed in ''[[The Indian Express]]''{{'}}s Top 10 Bollywood Actresses of 2013 list.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 10 Bollywood Actresses of 2013 |url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/top-10-bollywood-actresses-of-2013/lite/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510223605/http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/top-10-bollywood-actresses-of-2013/lite/ |archive-date=10 May 2013 |access-date=10 May 2014 |work=The Indian Express |date=16 December 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Chopra also appeared on the most searched celebrities list of 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sunny Leone, Shweta Basu Prasad, Aishwarya Rai, Parineeti Chopra: The most searched celebrities of 2014 |url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/sunny-leone-anushka-sharma-aishwarya-rai-bachchan-the-most-searched-celebrities-of-2014/lite/ |access-date=10 December 2015 |work=The Indian Express |date=9 December 2014}}</ref> In ''[[Eastern Eye]]''{{'}}s 50 Sexiest Asian Women List, she was placed 14th in 2013 and 33rd in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katrina Kaif named Eastern Eye's world's sexiest Asian woman for the fourth time |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/katrina-kaif-named-worlds-sexiest-asian-woman-for-the-fourth-time-219742-2013-12-04 |access-date=6 December 2014 |work=India Today |date=5 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet the Sexiest Asian Women of 2015 |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/meet-the-sexiest-asian-women/20151210.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510223605/https://m.rediff.com/amp/movies/report/meet-the-sexiest-asian-women/20151210.htm |archive-date=10 May 2013 |access-date=15 May 2016 |work=Rediff |url-status=live}}</ref>

Apart from charity work, she serves as an ambassador for a number of brands. Chopra endorses brands such as [[Kurkure]], [[Nivea]], [[Maaza]] and Spinz, [[WeChat]], [[Pantene]], Vadilal and [[Mahindra & Mahindra Limited|Mahindra]] scooty.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Tabloid/Gen-next-Bollywood-actors-the-hottest-new-players-in-ad-world/Article1-1038359.aspx |title=Gen-next Bollywood actors: the hottest new players in ad world |last=Awaasthi, Kavita |date=6 April 2013 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=6 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510223605/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Tabloid/Gen-next-Bollywood-actors-the-hottest-new-players-in-ad-world/Article1-1038359.aspx |archive-date=10 May 2013}}</ref> She became the first Bollywood star to endorse products from both [[The Coca-Cola Company|Coke]] (Maaza) and [[PepsiCo]] (Kurkure) at the same time.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://wap.business-standard.com/article/companies/in-2013-a-new-crop-of-actors-hits-the-jackpot-113120501191_1.html |title=In 2013, a new crop of actors hits the jackpot |last1=Gupta, Surajeet Das |date=5 December 2013 |work=[[Business Standard]] |access-date=24 March 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323231039/http://wap.business-standard.com/article/companies/in-2013-a-new-crop-of-actors-hits-the-jackpot-113120501191_1.html |archive-date=23 March 2014 |last2=Malvania, Urvi |name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Chopra is also the brand ambassador of ADEX India and Jovees Herbal.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/parineeti-chopra-roped-brand-ambassador-adex-india/ |title=Parineeti Chopra roped in as brand ambassador for ADEX India |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=4 October 2019 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Varuni Khosla |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/jovees-herbal-signs-parineeti-chopra-as-brand-ambassador-11662626329789.html |title=Jovees Herbal signs Parineeti Chopra as brand ambassador |work=Mint |date=8 September 2022 |language=en |access-date=10 September 2022}}</ref> Chopra received the award for Outstanding Achiever in "Arts, Entertainment, Culture" category at the India UK Achievers Honours in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/parineeti-chopra-receives-india-uk-achievers-honours-as-outstanding-achiever-in-arts-entertainment-culture-category-12051622.html/amp |title=Parineeti Chopra receives India UK Achievers Honours as Outstanding Achiever in 'Arts, Entertainment, Culture' category |work=Firstpost |date=26 January 2023 |language=en |access-date=28 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/parineeti-named-young-achiever-in-uk-honoured-as-university-of-manchester-alumna-101675595750044.html |title=Parineeti Chopra named among India's top 75 young achievers in UK, honoured as University of Manchester alumna |work=Hindustan Times |date=5 February 2023 |language=en |access-date=5 February 2023}}</ref> Over the years, Chopra has impressed fashion critics with her impeccable sense of style.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Vogue Fashion |title=Parineeti Chopra's complete style evolution |work=Vogue |date=8 March 2020 |url=https://www.vogue.in/fashion/content/parineeti-chopra-complete-style-evolution/amp |access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Celeb fashion: A look at Parineeti Chopra's impeccable sense of style |work=The Indian Express |date=25 April 2022 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/parineeti-chopras-chic-sense-of-style-fashion-new-photos-pics-7833032/lite/ |access-date=30 September 2022}}</ref> Chopra is among the highest-grossing actresses in Indian cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Highest Cumulative Box Office Collection by Actress |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/highest-cumulative-box-office-collection-actress/filterby/IND/page/2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402183144/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/highest-cumulative-box-office-collection-actress/filterby/IND/page/2/ |archive-date=2 April 2024 |access-date=2 April 2024 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Parineeti Chopra}}
Chopra is a recipient of the [[National Film Award – Special Mention (feature film)|National Film Award – Special Mention]] for ''Ishaqzaade'' (2012) and the [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut]] for ''Ladies vs Ricky Bahl'' (2011). Additionally, she has been nominated for four more [[Filmfare Awards]]: [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] for ''Ladies vs Ricky Bahl'' (2011) and [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] for ''Ishaqzaade'' (2012), ''Shuddh Desi Romance'' (2013), and ''Sandeep Aur Pinky Faraar'' (2021).<ref>{{cite news |title=Parineeti Chopra: Awards & nominations |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Parineeti-Chopra/awards |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=1 February 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516150942/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Parineeti-Chopra/awards |archive-date=16 May 2023}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==


* {{IMDb name|4495174}}
* {{Instagram|parineetichopra}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|parineeti-chopra}}

{{Navboxes
|title = Awards for Parineeti Chopra
|list=
{{National Film Award Special Mention feature film}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestFemaleDebut}}
{{IIFAAwardBestSupportingActress}}
{{IIFAAwardBestFemaleDebut}}
{{ScreenAwardBestFemaleDebut}}
{{ProducersGuildFilmAwardBestSupportingActress}}
{{Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut}}
}}

{{Subject bar
|commons = yes
|commons-search = Category:Parineeti Chopra
|d = yes
|d-search = Q2995813
|portal1 = Biography
|portal2 = India
|portal3 = Films
|portal4 = Bollywood
|portal5 = Television
}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chopra, Parineeti}}
[[Category:Punjabi Hindus]]
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Manchester]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Ambala]]
[[Category:Actresses from Haryana]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Manchester Business School]]
[[Category:Special Mention (feature film) National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Screen Awards winners]]
[[Category:Zee Cine Awards winners]]
[[Category:International Indian Film Academy Awards winners]]

Maisuma

2026-03-25T15:34:49Z

DinahFlo5043561: Added Some Details Basic Info

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Maisuma
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Neighbourhood
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jammu and Kashmir, India
| coordinates = {{coord|34.07|N|74.80|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|Union territory]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Srinagar district|Srinagar]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]], [[Dogri language|Dogri]], [[English language|English]]<ref name="OfficialLang">{{cite web |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222037.pdf |title=The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020 |publisher=The Gazette of India|date=27 September 2020 |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020 | work=Rising Kashmir | date=23 September 2020 | url=http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | access-date=23 September 2020 | archive-date=24 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924141909/http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Local
| demographics1_info2 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 190001
| registration_plate = JK01
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Maisuma''' ({{IPA|ur|mɑːiːsʊmɑː}} ; {{IPA|ks|maːjsum}}) is a densely populated neighborhood of [[Srinagar]] in the [[India]]n union territory of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] which is bordered on the north by Gawkadal bridge and on the South by [[Lal Chowk]]. [[Jhelum River|River Jhelum]] forms it western border.

==Origin of name==
The name Maisuma comes for its [[Sanskrit]] name Makshika Swamin.

==History==
Historically, Maisuma actually is the name of the entire area that is more or less an island that forms the center of present-day city of [[Srinagar]]. In other words, historical Maisuma includes Srinagar Golf Course, Polo Ground, S.P and Women's college, Bar Bar Shah, entire neighborhood of Amira Kadal including old Court Complexes, [[Tyndale Biscoe School]], Abi Guzar and entire Residency Road all the way up to [[DD Kashir|Door Darshan centre]]. It is actually an island that is enclosed by [[Jhelum River]] and [[Tsoont Kol]] (Kashmiri apple orchard canal) river. Tsoont Kol normally drains excess flow from [[Dal Lake]] near Dalgate and it carries that water into Jhelum near [[Zero Bridge]] in South but it also goes north and then bends west around the Srinagar Golf Course and empties into Jhelum near Gaw Kadal opposite the [[Sher Garhi Palace]]. Tsoont Kol's old name is Mahasarit and at the confluence of this river and [[River Jhelum|Wyeth]] near Gaw Kadal bridge.<ref>M.A. Stein. Kalhana's Rajtarangini A chronicle Of The Kings Of Kas`mir (Reprint 1979), Motilal Banarsidass 41-U.A, Bungalow Road, Delhi 110 007</ref><ref>Kashur Encyclopedia (کٲشُر انسیکلوپیڈیا) Volume One (Pages 330-333) Jammu And Kashmir Academy Of Art Culture And Languages, Srinagar 1986</ref><ref>W.R. Lawrence The Valley Of Kashmir Kesar Publishers, Srinagar, Kashmir 1967</ref> 
According to Stein there was an important Tirath in ancient times. [[Kalhana]] mentions a cremation ground (Shamshan Bhomi) in this area where Uccala was cremated in 1111 AD after he had been assassinated. According to M.A Stein, this cremation ground was still functional up until Dogra times.<ref>M.A. Stein. Kalhana's Rajtarangini A chronicle Of The Kings Of Kas`mir (Reprint 1979), Motilal Banarsidass 41-U.A, Bungalow Road, Delhi 110 007</ref>
Prior and during the Dogra rule Maisuma was a designated prostitution area where licensed prostitutes were allowed to work and was a known area for prostitution and popular among visitors

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Jammu and Kashmir}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Srinagar]]

Sridevi

2026-03-24T04:17:12Z

DinahFlo5043561: Updated formatting and improved readability

{{Short description|Indian actress (1963–2018)}}
{{About|the actress||Shridevi (disambiguation){{!}}Shridevi}}
{{pp-pc}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sridevi
| image = Sridevi.jpg
| caption = Sridevi in 2013
| birth_name = Shree Amma Yanger Ayyapan
| birth_date = {{birth date|1963|8|13|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Meenampatti]], [[Madras State|Madras]], India
| death_date = {{death date and age|2018|2|24|1963|8|13|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Dubai, United Arab Emirates|Dubai]], United Arab Emirates<ref name="Hotel" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Pathak |first=Ankur |date=25 February 2018 |title=Breaking: Sridevi Dies At 54 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/amp/2018/02/24/breaking-sridevi-dies-at-55_a_23370162/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224230837/http://www.huffingtonpost.in/amp/2018/02/24/breaking-sridevi-dies-at-55_a_23370162/ |archive-date=24 February 2018 |access-date=25 February 2018 |website=Huffington Post India}}</ref>
| nationality = 
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress}}
| years_active = 1967–2018
| works = [[Sridevi filmography|Full list]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Boney Kapoor]]|1996}}<ref name="Guardian" />
| children = {{hlist|[[Janhvi Kapoor]]|[[Khushi Kapoor]]}}
| family = [[List of Hindi film families#Kapoor family (of Surinder Kapoor)|Surinder Kapoor family]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Sridevi Shares Million-Dollar Pic Of Raj Kapoor And Her Husband Boney |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/sridevi-shares-million-dollar-pic-of-raj-kapoor-and-her-husband-boney-1787843 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713023723/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/sridevi-shares-million-dollar-pic-of-raj-kapoor-and-her-husband-boney-1787843 |archive-date=13 July 2020 |access-date=19 May 2020 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
| honours = [[Padma Shri]] (2013)<ref name="Sridevi receives Padma Shri award" />
| signature =
}}

'''Sridevi Kapoor''' ([[née]] '''Shree Amma Yanger Ayyapan'''; 13 August 1963 – 24 February 2018), known mononymously as '''Sridevi''', was an Indian actress who worked in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Hindi]], [[Malayalam]], and [[Kannada]] language films.<ref name=":22">{{cite web|last=Vetticad|first=Anna MM|title=Sridevi: a true pan-Indian superstar from Kollywood to Bollywood|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/sridevi-true-pan-indian-superstar-kollywood-bollywood-180226110630494.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180531134910/https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/sridevi-true-pan-indian-superstar-kollywood-bollywood-180226110630494.html|archive-date=31 May 2018|access-date=18 May 2019|website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref><ref name="Saxena">{{cite web|last=Saxena|first=Poonam|date=26 February 2018|title=Sridevi: the rough diamond who transformed into India's first female superstar|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1391756|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180427104428/https://www.dawn.com/news/1391756|archive-date=27 April 2018|access-date=27 April 2018|website=DAWN.COM|language=en-PK}}</ref> Cited as the "first female superstar" of [[Indian cinema]],<ref name=":22"/><ref name="Saxena"/> she was the recipient of [[#Awards and honours|various accolades]], including a [[National Film Award]], Seven [[Filmfare Awards]] (a [[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award]], Three [[Filmfare Awards]], Three [[Filmfare Awards South]]), [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]], a [[Kerala State Film Award]], and a [[Nandi Award]].<ref name="first female superstar">{{Cite news |date=28 February 2018 |title=Thousands gather to mourn Bollywood's 'first female superstar' |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |agency=[[Telegraph Media Group]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/02/28/sridevi-funeral-thousands-gather-mourn-bollywoods-first-female/ |url-status=live |access-date=28 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227110357/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/02/28/sridevi-funeral-thousands-gather-mourn-bollywoods-first-female/ |archive-date=27 February 2021}}</ref> Sridevi's career spanned over 50 years in a wide range of genres. She was known for her reticent and introverted off-screen personality, but headstrong and outspoken on-screen persona, often playing strong-willed women.<ref name="firstsuperstar">{{Cite news |date=26 February 2018 |title=India's first female superstar: The incredible journey of Sridevi |work=[[The Economic Times]] |agency=[[The Times Group]] |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/sridevi-chandni-who-gave-us-many-lamhe-of-cinematic-brilliance/articleshow/63065586.cms |url-status=live |access-date=28 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301054636/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/sridevi-chandni-who-gave-us-many-lamhe-of-cinematic-brilliance/articleshow/63065586.cms |archive-date=1 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="SrideviKapoor">{{Cite news |date=25 February 2018 |title=Sridevi Kapoor, Bollywood's First Female Superstar, Dies at 54 |work=[[The New York Times]] |agency=[[The New York Times Company]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/25/obituaries/sridevi-dead.html |url-status=live |access-date=28 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711165701/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/25/obituaries/sridevi-dead.html |archive-date=11 July 2021}}</ref> In 2013, Sridevi was honoured with the [[Padma Shri]], the country's fourth highest civilian honour.<ref name="Sridevi receives Padma Shri award">{{Cite news|date=6 April 2013|title=President presents Padma awards|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/president-presents-padma-awards/article4585623.ece|url-status=live|access-date=9 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706174644/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/president-presents-padma-awards/article4585623.ece|archive-date=6 July 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Sridevi made her debut as a child in the 1967 Tamil film ''[[Kandhan Karunai]]'' at the age of four,<ref>{{cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=From child artiste to superstar, how Sridevi ruled hearts for five decades |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/child-artist-superstar-how-sridevi-ruled-hearts-five-decades-76987 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225065928/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/child-artist-superstar-how-sridevi-ruled-hearts-five-decades-76987 |archive-date=25 February 2018 |access-date=27 February 2018}}</ref> and began playing lead roles as a child in [[M. A. Thirumugam]]'s 1969 mythological Tamil film ''[[Thunaivan]]''. Her first role as an on-screen adult came in 1976 at age 13, in the Tamil film ''[[Moondru Mudichu]]''. She soon established herself as a leading female star of [[South Indian Cinema]], with roles in such films as ''[[16 Vayathinile]]'' (1977), ''[[Sigappu Rojakkal]]'' (1978), ''[[Padaharella Vayasu]]'' (1978), ''[[Varumayin Niram Sivappu]]'' (1980), ''[[Meendum Kokila]]'' (1981), ''[[Premabhishekam (1981 film)|Premabhishekam]]'' (1981), ''[[Vazhvey Maayam]]'' (1982), ''[[Moondram Pirai]]'' (1982), ''[[Aakhari Poratam]]'' (1988), ''[[Jagadeka Veerudu Athiloka Sundari]]'' (1990) and ''[[Kshana Kshanam]]'' (1991).

Sridevi's first starring role in [[Hindi cinema]] came with the drama film ''[[Solva Sawan]]'' (1979), and she received wider recognition for the action film ''[[Himmatwala (1983 film)|Himmatwala]]'' (1983). She emerged a leading Hindi film star with several successes, including ''[[Mawaali]]'' (1983), ''[[Justice Chaudhury]]'' (1983), ''[[Tohfa]]'' (1984), ''[[Maqsad]]'' (1984), ''[[Masterji]]'' (1985), ''[[Karma (1986 film)|Karma]]'' (1986), ''[[Mr. India (1987 film)|Mr. India]]'' (1987), ''[[Waqt Ki Awaz]]'' (1988) and ''[[Chandni (1989 film)|Chandni]]'' (1989). She received praise for her performances in ''[[Sadma]]'' (1983), ''[[Nagina (1986 film)|Nagina]]'' (1986), ''[[ChaalBaaz]]'' (1989), ''[[Lamhe]]'' (1991), ''[[Khuda Gawah]]'' (1992), ''[[Gumrah (1993 film)|Gumrah]]'' (1993), ''[[Laadla (1994 film)|Laadla]]'' (1994), and ''[[Judaai (1997 film)|Judaai]]'' (1997). Following a hiatus, she played the title role in the television sitcom ''[[Malini Iyer]]'' (2004–2005). Sridevi returned to film acting with the comedy-drama ''[[English Vinglish]]'' (2012) and had her 300th and final film role in the crime thriller ''[[Mom (film)|Mom]]'' (2017). She earned acclaim for both performances, and for the latter was posthumously awarded the [[National Film Award for Best Actress]].

On 24 February 2018, she was found dead in her guest room at the [[Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel]] in [[Dubai]], [[United Arab Emirates]], with the cause cited as accidental drowning.<ref name="Al Jazeera">{{Cite news |title=Reports: Bollywood icon Sridevi dies aged 54 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/02/reports-bollywood-icon-sridevi-dies-aged-54-180224222210077.html |url-status=live |access-date=24 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406193149/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/02/reports-bollywood-icon-sridevi-dies-aged-54-180224222210077.html |archive-date=6 April 2019}}</ref> News of her death featured prominently in Indian and international media. She was married to film producer [[Boney Kapoor]], with whom she had two daughters, actresses [[Janhvi Kapoor|Janhvi]] and [[Khushi Kapoor]].

== Life and career ==

=== 1963–1975: Early years and work ===
Sridevi was born as Shree Amma Yanger Ayyapan<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 February 2018 |title=Bollywood legend Sridevi dies at 54 |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/sridevi-death/bollywood-legend-sridevi-dies-at-54-idUSKCN1G9031 |url-status=live |access-date=27 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227213822/https://www.reuters.com/article/sridevi-death/bollywood-legend-sridevi-dies-at-54-idUSKCN1G9031 |archive-date=27 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="Sridevi">{{cite web |title=12 Bollywood Celebrities Who Avoid Using Their Surnames In Public |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/celebs/12-bollywood-celebrities-who-avoid-using-their-surnames-in-public-281223.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331192806/https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/celebs/12-bollywood-celebrities-who-avoid-using-their-surnames-in-public-281223.html |archive-date=31 March 2019 |website=[[Times Internet]] |date=1 June 2016 |access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref> on 13 August 1963 in [[Meenampatti]] village<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=25 February 2018 |title=ஸ்ரீதேவி: மீனம்பட்டியில் இருந்து மும்பை வரை |language=ta |work=BBC News தமிழ் |url=https://www.bbc.com/tamil/india-43187436 |url-status=live |access-date=11 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301103142/http://www.bbc.com/tamil/india-43187436 |archive-date=1 March 2018}}</ref> near [[Sivakasi]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India<ref name="auto">{{cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Meenampatti residents mourn Sridevi's death |website=[[DT Next]] |url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/TamilNadu/2018/02/25212614/1063130/Meenampatti-residents-mourn-Sri-Devis-death.vpf |access-date=26 February 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226214909/https://www.dtnext.in/News/TamilNadu/2018/02/25212614/1063130/Meenampatti-residents-mourn-Sri-Devis-death.vpf}}</ref> to Ayyapan and Rajeswari.<ref name="hindu">{{Cite news |date=26 April 2000 |title=Talk of the Town |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.hindu.com/2000/04/26/stories/0426223j.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110054752/http://www.hindu.com/2000/04/26/stories/0426223j.htm |archive-date=10 November 2012}}</ref><ref name="week">{{cite web |last=Brahmbhatt |first=Preetee |title=This week in entertainment history |url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/aug/14slide1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506092325/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/aug/14slide1.htm |archive-date=6 May 2009 |access-date=6 June 2009 |url-status=live |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref><ref name="india">{{cite web |title=Sridevi Bio – Sridevi News, Wallpapers, Gossip, Movies, Pics |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity-profile/Sridevi-.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905112940/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity-profile/Sridevi-.htm |archive-date=5 September 2013}}</ref> Her father was a lawyer from Sivakasi while her mother was from [[Tirupati]], [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Did you know? Sridevi had her roots in Temple Town of Tirupati |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-did-you-know-sridevi-had-her-roots-in-temple-town-of-tirupati-2589134 |access-date=12 July 2021 |website=DNA |archive-date=12 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712060659/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-did-you-know-sridevi-had-her-roots-in-temple-town-of-tirupati-2589134 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=28 February 2018 |title=Sridevi's Mother Tongue Was Telugu |url=https://english.sakshi.com/sridevis-mother-tongue-was-telugu |access-date=12 July 2021 |work=[[Sakshi Post]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712053647/https://english.sakshi.com/sridevis-mother-tongue-was-telugu|archive-date=12 July 2021}}</ref> Sridevi's mother tongue was [[Telugu language|Telugu]], and she was fluent in [[Tamil Language|Tamil]].<ref name="Interview">{{cite AV media|title=Virtuosity:The Legendary Sridevi in Her Own Words |people=Sridevi, [[Vir Sanghvi]] |url=https://www.news18.com/videos/india/virtuositythe-legendary-sridevi-in-her-own-words-1671745.html |publisher=[[News18]] |date=25 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227135800/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L8GY3erMNFc&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=27 February 2018 |quote=My mother tongue is Telugu |time=1m28s}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Singh |first1=Aastha |title=Remembering Sridevi, the outsider who ruled Bollywood |url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/remembering-sridevi-the-outsider-who-ruled-bollywood/197006/ |website=[[The Print]] |date=24 February 2019 |quote=Sridevi was fluent in not just her mother tongue Telugu but also Tamil. |access-date=5 April 2022 |archive-date=5 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405182553/https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/remembering-sridevi-the-outsider-who-ruled-bollywood/197006/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She has a sister and two step-brothers.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 August 2008 |title=Know all about Sridevi |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/know-all-about-sridevi_7924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723191656/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/know-all-about-sridevi_7924.htm |archive-date=23 July 2013 |website=Zee News}}</ref>

{{blockquote|"I lost out on going to school and college life, but I got into the film industry and worked without a gap – from child actor, I went straight to heroine. There was no time to think and I was grateful for it. | Sridevi | ''[[The New Indian Express]]'', 2013<ref>{{cite web |date=26 February 2018 |title=I lost out on going to school, and college life: Sridevi |url=http://m.khaleejtimes.com/citytimes/bollywood/i-lost-out-on-going-to-school-and-college-life-sridevi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711165650/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/citytimes/bollywood/i-lost-out-on-going-to-school-and-college-life-sridevi |archive-date=11 July 2021 |access-date=27 February 2018}}</ref>|source=}}

Sridevi started her career as a child actor at the age of four in the Tamil movie ''[[Kandhan Karunai]]'' in 1967.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 August 2013 |title=Sridevi: Child star to Queen Bee – NDTV Movies |work=NDTVMovies.com |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/sridevi-child-star-to-queen-bee-613363 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708172040/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/sridevi-child-star-to-queen-bee-613363 |archive-date=8 July 2017 |access-date=27 February 2018}}</ref> Subsequently, she played the role of young [[Muruga]] in ''[[Thunaivan]]'', which was her first breakthrough as child artist.<ref name="outlookindia.com">{{cite web |title=Before All The Galata | Naman Ramachandran |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?282743 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123034524/http://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/before-all-the-galata/282743 |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=8 January 2013 |publisher=Outlookindia.com}}</ref> Actress [[Sowcar Janaki]] opined that her "sharp features, sparkling eyes and innocent smile would be more than a handful for the role."<ref name="ottplay.com">{{cite web |title=Remembering Sridevi: Looking back at the star's early years in filmdom and a lost childhood|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/remembering-sridevi-looking-back-at-the-stars-early-years-in-filmdom-and-a-lost-childhood/d700a85131709|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026084644/https://www.ottplay.com/news/remembering-sridevi-looking-back-at-the-stars-early-years-in-filmdom-and-a-lost-childhood/d700a85131709|archive-date=26 October 2021|access-date=27 March 2025|publisher=OTTplay.com}}</ref> Sridevi made her debut in [[Telugu cinema]] as a child artist with the 1970 film ''Maa Nanna Nirdoshi''.{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}} Baby Sridevi's performance in [[Poompatta (film)|''Poompatta'']] (1971) in Malayalam won her the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Child Artist]].<ref name="news15">{{Cite news |date=25 February 2018 |title=Charming child, stunning teen |work=[[The News Minute]] |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/baby-sridevi-pictures-charming-child-stunning-teen-76990 |url-status=live |access-date=25 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127200423/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/baby-sridevi-pictures-charming-child-stunning-teen-76990 |archive-date=27 January 2019}}</ref> ''[[Kandhan Karunai]]'' (1967), [[Nam Naadu (1969 film)|''Nam Naadu'']] (1969), ''Prarthanai'' (1970), [[Babu (1971 film)|''Babu'']] (1971), ''[[Badi Panthulu]]'' (1972), ''[[Bala Bharatam]]'' (1972), [[Vasantha Maligai|''Vasantha Maaligai'']] (1972) and ''[[Bhakta Kumbara]]'' (1974) are the most notable films of her career as a child artist.<ref name="news15" /> In 1972, Sridevi debuted as a child artist in [[Bollywood]] with ''[[Rani Mera Naam]]'' directed by [[K. S. R. Das]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jha |first=Pavan |date=20 June 2017 |title=Trivia Talk: The Sridevi you may not have known |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/trivia-talk-the-sridevi-you-may-not-have-known/article22851856.ece |url-status=live |access-date=26 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226214909/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/trivia-talk-the-sridevi-you-may-not-have-known/article22851856.ece |archive-date=26 February 2018}}</ref> She also appeared in the film ''[[Julie (1975 film)|Julie]]'', where she played the younger sister to the protagonist [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]].<ref name="news15" /> She acted with [[Jayalalithaa]] in [[Thirumangalyam]], [[Kandan Karunai]] and [[Aathi Parasakthi]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Murali |first=Poornima |date=26 February 2018 |editor-last=Kirti |editor-first=Sumedha |title=When 'Baby' Sridevi Shared Screen Space with Jayalalithaa |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/when-baby-sridevi-shared-screen-space-with-jayalalithaa-1671827.html |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=[[News18]] |archive-date=5 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605235831/https://www.news18.com/news/india/when-baby-sridevi-shared-screen-space-with-jayalalithaa-1671827.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 1976–1982: Success in South India ===
Sridevi's lead roles in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] include ''[[Padaharella Vayasu]]'', ''[[Kondaveeti Simham|Konda Veeti Simham]]'', ''[[Vetagaadu]]'', ''[[Sardar Papa Rayudu|Sardar Paparayudu]]'' and ''[[Bobbili Puli]]''.<ref name="telugu" /> With [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]], she appeared in movies such as ''[[Premabhishekam (1981 film)|Premabhishekham]]'', ''[[Bangaru Kanuka]]'' and ''[[Prema Kanuka]]'' as well as with [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]] in ''[[Kalavari Samsaram]]'', ''[[Adavi Simhalu]]'', ''[[Gharana Donga]]'', ''[[Kirayi Kotigadu]]'', ''[[Pachani Kapuram]]'', and ''[[Ram Robert Rahim]]''.<ref name="telugu" /> She acted with [[Chiranjeevi]] in ''[[Jagadeka Veerudu Athiloka Sundari]]'', ''[[S. P. Parasuram]]''.<ref name="telugu" /> She acted with [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] in ''[[Aakhari Poratam]]'' (1988), and ''[[Govinda Govinda (1994 film)|Govinda Govinda]]'' (1993). Her performance in the 1992 [[Ram Gopal Varma]] directed ''[[Kshana Kshanam]]'' won her the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu]] and the [[Nandi Award for Best Actress]].<ref name=":1">{{cite web |last=Hooli |first=Shekhar H |date=26 February 2018 |title=Tributes to Sridevi: Hit Telugu songs featuring her with Chiranjeevi, Krishna, NTR and ANR [Videos] |website=[[International Business Times]] |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/tributes-sridevi-hit-telugu-songs-featuring-her-chiranjeevi-krishna-ntr-anr-videos-761916 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228041424/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/tributes-sridevi-hit-telugu-songs-featuring-her-chiranjeevi-krishna-ntr-anr-videos-761916 |archive-date=28 February 2018 |access-date=27 February 2018}}</ref> Sridevi has acted in a total of 95 Telugu language films.

In 1976, Sridevi landed her first leading role in the Tamil film ''[[Moondru Mudichu]]'' directed by [[K. Balachander]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nyren |first=Erin |date=24 February 2018 |title=Legendary Bollywood Actress Sridevi Dies at 54 |work=Variety |url=https://variety.com/2018/film/global/sridevi-bollywood-actress-dead-dies-1202709919/ |url-status=live |access-date=25 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225003800/http://variety.com/2018/film/global/sridevi-bollywood-actress-dead-dies-1202709919/ |archive-date=25 February 2018}}</ref> She followed it with a number of films with [[Kamal Haasan]] and [[Rajinikanth]]. Sridevi's first release of 1977 was ''[[Gaayathri]]'', followed by ''[[Kavikkuyil]]'' and ''[[16 Vayathinile]]'', where she played the role of a young girl who is caught between her 2 lovers.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Why Sridevi's non-Bollywood work, especially in Tamil cinema, was ground-breaking |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/sridevi-south-indian-films-5077002/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227063834/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/sridevi-south-indian-films-5077002/ |archive-date=27 February 2018 |access-date=27 February 2018}}</ref> She also starred in the film's Telugu remake ''[[Padaharella Vayasu]]'' in 1978.<ref name="telugu">{{cite web |date=26 February 2018 |title=From ANR to NTR: Tracing Sridevi's career in the Telugu film industry |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/anr-ntr-tracing-sridevis-career-telugu-film-industry-77052 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116024744/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/anr-ntr-tracing-sridevis-career-telugu-film-industry-77052 |archive-date=16 November 2018 |access-date=27 February 2018}}</ref> Her subsequent notable films included [[Bharathi Raja]]'s ''[[Sigappu Rojakkal]]'', [[S. P. Muthuraman]]'s ''[[Priya (1978 film)|Priya]]'', ''[[Karthika Deepam (film)|Karthika Deepam]]'', ''[[Johnny (1980 film)|Johnny]]'', ''[[Varumayin Niram Sivappu]]'' and ''[[Aakali Rajyam]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sridevi: Queen of hearts |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2018/feb/26/sridevi-queen-of-hearts-1778923.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227165449/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2018/feb/26/sridevi-queen-of-hearts-1778923.html |archive-date=27 February 2018 |access-date=27 February 2018}}</ref> She acted with [[N. T. Rama Rao]] in ''[[Vetagaadu]]'', ''[[Sardar Papa Rayudu]]'', ''[[Bobbili Puli]]'', ''[[Justice Chowdhary]]'' and ''[[Aatagadu]]''.<ref name="telugu" /> She acted alongside [[Sivaji Ganesan]] in ''[[Sandhippu]]'', ''[[Kavari Maan]]'' and the [[Sri Lanka]]-filmed coproduction ''[[Pilot Premnath]]''.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 February 2018 |title=Sivaji Ganesan | Number of times Sridevi acted with top Superstars |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/slideshow/number-of-times-sridevi-acted-with-top-superstars/sivaji-ganesan.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228161854/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/slideshow/number-of-times-sridevi-acted-with-top-superstars/sivaji-ganesan.html |archive-date=28 February 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Behindwoods.com}}</ref>

Sridevi debuted as child artist in [[Kannada]] with ''[[Bhakta Kumbara]]'' (1974) directed by [[Hunsur Krishnamurthy]].<ref name="kannada">{{Cite news |date=25 February 2018 |title=Kannada film industry mourns death of iconic actor Sridevi |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kannada-film-industry-mourns-death-of-iconic-actor-sridevi/article22852120.ece |url-status=live |access-date=27 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803214311/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kannada-film-industry-mourns-death-of-iconic-actor-sridevi/article22852120.ece |archive-date=3 August 2018}}</ref> Her other films as a child artist in Kannada included ''[[Bala Bharatam]]'' and ''[[Yashoda Krishna]]''.<ref name="kannada" /> She was also a part of ''Hennu Samsarada Kannu'' (1975), directed by [[A. V. Seshagiri Rao]]. Sridevi also acted as lead opposite [[Ambareesh]] in [[Priya (1978 film)|''Priya'']] (1978), produced by [[S. P. Muthuraman]].<ref name="kannada" /> She entered [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam films]] as a child actor with ''[[Kumara Sambhavam]]'' in 1969,<ref>{{cite web |work=India-West |last=Vijayakar |first=R. M. |title=Sridevi Passes Away at 54: 54 Steps to Knowing the Bollywood Icon |url=http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/sridevi-passes-away-at-steps-to-knowing-the-bollywood-icon/article_d99f2bbc-1b2b-11e8-9753-33a98734bf5a.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228041219/http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/sridevi-passes-away-at-steps-to-knowing-the-bollywood-icon/article_d99f2bbc-1b2b-11e8-9753-33a98734bf5a.html |archive-date=28 February 2018 |access-date=27 February 2018}}</ref> followed by [[I. V. Sasi]]'s ''[[Abhinandanam]]''. Her notable Malayalam films as the lead heroine were ''[[Thulavarsham]]'', directed by [[N. Sankaran Nair]] in 1976, and M. Masthan's ''[[Kuttavum Shikshayum (1976 film)|Kuttavum Shikshayum]]'', a remake of the Tamil film ''Pennai Nambungal'' with [[Kamal Haasan]] starring opposite her.<ref name="malayalam">{{Cite news |last=Praveen |first=S. R. |date=25 February 2018 |title=Sridevi and the Malayalam film industry: nurturing young talent |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sridevi-and-the-malayalam-film-industry-nurturing-young-talent/article22849045.ece |url-status=live |access-date=27 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225050844/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sridevi-and-the-malayalam-film-industry-nurturing-young-talent/article22849045.ece |archive-date=25 February 2018}}</ref>

She next appeared in the Malayalam releases like ''[[Aa Nimisham]]'', ''[[Angeekaaram]]'' and ''[[Satyavan Savithri]]'' directed by [[P.G. Viswambharan]].<ref name="malayalam" /> In 1981, she starred in the Tamil film ''[[Meendum Kokila]]'' which won her the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Five Filmfare award-winning performances of Late superstar Sridevi |work=The New Indian Express |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/feb/25/five-filmfare-award-winning-performances-of-late-superstar-sridevi-1778826.html |url-status=dead |access-date=12 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401171744/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/feb/25/five-filmfare-award-winning-performances-of-late-superstar-sridevi-1778826.html |archive-date=1 April 2018}}</ref> In 1982, Sridevi starred in ''[[Moondram Pirai]]'' playing a woman suffering from [[retrograde amnesia]] and went on to win the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress]].<ref>{{cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Highest salary, films with Kamal-Rajinikanth, Sridevi was star in her own right |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/260218/sridevi-was-a-star-in-her-own-right.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303103715/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/260218/sridevi-was-a-star-in-her-own-right.html |archive-date=3 March 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |publisher=Deccanchronicle.com}}</ref> She was paired with [[Kamal Haasan]] in 27 films across languages.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 February 2018 |title=Here's why Sridevi and Kamal Haasan pairing is irreplaceable |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/here-why-sridevi-and-kamal-haasan-jodi-is-irreplaceable-5078700/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227234405/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/here-why-sridevi-and-kamal-haasan-jodi-is-irreplaceable-5078700/ |archive-date=27 February 2018 |access-date=27 February 2018}}</ref>

=== 1983–1986: Hindi film debut and success ===
Sridevi made her debut as a heroine in Hindi films in ''[[Solva Sawan]]'' in 1979.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 February 2018 |title=Bollywood superstar Sridevi dies at 54 |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-43186118 |url-status=live |access-date=24 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224231230/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-43186118 |archive-date=24 February 2018 |quote=She debuted as a lead actress in a Bollywood film in 1978, soon becoming one of India's biggest film stars.}}</ref> 4 years later, she was signed to star opposite [[Jeetendra]] in ''[[Himmatwala (1983 film)|Himmatwala]]'' (remake of Telugu film ''[[Ooruki Monagadu]]'' (1981)). The film released in 1983, and was one of the highest-grossing Hindi films of the year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Box Office 1983 |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=189&catName=MTk4Mw== |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012172124/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=189&catName=MTk4Mw== |archive-date=12 October 2012 |website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref> It established Sridevi in Bollywood.{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}} Her dance number "Nainon Mein Sapna" became a rage with ''[[Rediff]]'' stating that "the water pots may have dominated most frames in 'Nainon Mein Sapna', but it was Sridevi's bejewelled outfits and headgears that stole the show".<ref name="rediff.com">{{cite web |work=Rediff |title=Your Favourite Sridevi Avatar Onscreen? |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-your-favourite-sridevi-avatar-onscreen-vote/20120824.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151215150227/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-your-favourite-sridevi-avatar-onscreen-vote/20120824.htm |archive-date=15 December 2015}}</ref> She followed with ''[[Tohfa]]'', which was the highest-grossing Hindi film of 1984.<ref>{{cite web |work=Box Office India |title=Box Office 1984 |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=190&catName=MTk4NA== |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918080028/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=190&catName=MTk4NA== |archive-date=18 September 2010}}</ref> The film established Sridevi as one of the leading actresses of Bollywood,<ref name="Boxofficeindia.com">{{cite web |work=Box Office India |title=Top Actress |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actress |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227120846/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actress |archive-date=27 December 2012}}</ref> with ''[[Filmfare]]'' magazine declaring her "Unquestionably #1" on their cover.{{cn|date=October 2025}}

The pair of Jeetendra-Sridevi did 16 films together of which ''[[Himmatwala (1983 film)|Himmatwala]]'' (1983), ''[[Jaani Dost]]'' (1983), ''[[Justice Chaudhury|Justice Chaudhry]]'' (1983), ''[[Mawaali]]'' (1983), ''Akalmand'' (1984), ''[[Tohfa]]'' (1984), ''[[Balidaan (1985 film)|Balidaan]]'' (1985), ''[[Aulad (1987 film)|Aulad]]'' (1987), ''[[Suhaagan]]'' (1986), ''[[Ghar Sansar]]'' (1986), ''[[Dharm Adhikari]]'' (1986), ''[[Sone Pe Suhaaga]]'' (1988) were successful, and ''[[Aag Aur Shola]]'' (1986), ''[[Himmat Aur Mehanat]]'' (1987), ''[[Sarfarosh (1985 film)|Sarfarosh]]'' (1985) were flops.<ref>{{cite web |website=Indiaglitz.com |title=On-Screen Lovers Whom We Love |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/90955.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217090059/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/90955.html |archive-date=17 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |work=The Sunday Tribune |title=Jodis that made it in Bollywood |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070225/spectrum/main4.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001602/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070225/spectrum/main4.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>

However, it was ''[[Sadma]]'' (1983) which brought Sridevi widespread critical acclaim.{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}} A remake of her Tamil film ''[[Moondram Pirai]]'', ''Sadma'' is included in ''iDiva''{{'}}s list of '10 Must Watch Movies That Weren't Blockbusters'.<ref name="idiva.com">{{cite web |website=idiva.com |date=28 July 2011 |title=10 Must Watch Movies That Weren't Blockbusters |url=http://idiva.com/photogallery-entertainment/10-mustwatch-movies-that-werent-blockbusters/6659 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023154640/http://idiva.com/photogallery-entertainment/10-mustwatch-movies-that-werent-blockbusters/6659 |archive-date=23 October 2012}}</ref> Sridevi's performance as a child-woman suffering from amnesia was called by ''[[Indian Express]]'' "a milestone in her illustrious career".<ref>{{cite web |work=The Indian Express |title=The Forbidden Love |date=15 June 2012 |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/the-forbidden-love/961045 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711165743/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/the-forbidden-love/ |archive-date=11 July 2021 |access-date=5 March 2013}}</ref> Sridevi also featured in the ''[[Mid-Day]]''{{'}}s list of 'Challenging Roles played by Bollywood Actors' describing her act in the film as "her best performance ever".<ref>{{cite web |work=Mid-Day |title=Challenging Roles played by Bollywood actors |url=http://www.mid-day.com/photos/b-town-specials/challenging-roles-played-by-bollywood-actors/}}</ref> In 2012, [[Adil Hussain]], Sridevi's co-star in ''[[English Vinglish]]'' revealed that he became a fan of the actress after watching her in ''Sadma''.<ref>{{cite web |website=Bollywoodtrade.com |title=Adil Hussain: I became Sridevi's fan after watching SADMA |url=http://www.bollywoodtrade.com/trade-news/adil-hussain-i-became-sridevis-fan-after-watching-sadma-/index.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309095647/http://www.bollywoodtrade.com/trade-news/adil-hussain-i-became-sridevis-fan-after-watching-sadma-/index.htm |archive-date=9 March 2014}}</ref> The Sridevi-Kamal Hassan pair also appeared on the ''[[CNN-IBN]]'' 2012 list of 'Greatest Romantic Couples on Celluloid'.<ref>{{cite web |title=100 Years of Indian Cinema: The greatest romantic couples on celluloid |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/12608.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130220095407/http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/12608.html |archive-date=20 February 2013 |publisher=CNN-IBN}}</ref> The film earned Sridevi her first [[Filmfare]] nomination for [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]].

Sridevi had successful pairing with [[Rajesh Khanna]] in films such as ''[[Naya Kadam]]'' (1984), ''[[Maqsad]]'' (1984), ''[[Masterji]]'' (1985) and ''[[Nazrana (1987 film)|Nazrana]]'' (1987). In 1986, came the snake fantasy ''[[Nagina (1986 film)|Nagina]]'' which saw Sridevi play a [[Shapeshifting|shape-shifting]] woman. The film turned out to be the second highest-grossing film of the year,<ref>{{cite web |work=Box Office India |title=Box Office 1986 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=192&catName=MTk4Ng== |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012172139/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=192&catName=MTk4Ng== |archive-date=12 October 2012}}</ref> with ''[[Box Office India]]'' stating that Sridevi remained "the undisputed #1".<ref name="Boxofficeindia.com" /> It was also named one of the best snake fantasy films by ''[[Yahoo]]''.<ref>{{cite web |work=Rediff |title=Meet Bollywood's celebrity snakes |url=http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/oct/18/slide-show-1-snake-movies-in-bollywood.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420000046/http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/oct/18/slide-show-1-snake-movies-in-bollywood.htm |archive-date=20 April 2013}}</ref> ''[[Times of India]]'' ranked ''[[Nagina (1986 film)|Nagina]]'' as one of the 'Top 10 Snake Films of Hindi Cinema'.<ref>{{cite web |title=Top Ten snake films |website=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videols/9481862.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505110605/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videols/9481862.cms |archive-date=5 May 2013}}</ref> Sridevi's climax dance number "Main Teri Dushman" also remains one of the best snake dances in Bollywood,<ref>{{cite web |work=Mid-Day |title=The best of Sridevi |url=http://www.mid-day.com/photos/b-town-specials/the-best-of-sridevi/}}</ref> with ''Desi Hits'' calling it "one of Sridevi's most iconic dance numbers... that still gives fans goose bumps"<ref>{{cite web |work=Desihits |title=Top 5 Bollywood Dancing Queens |url=http://www.desihits.com/news/view/top-5-bollywood-dancing-queens-20100310 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201232433/http://www.desihits.com/news/view/top-5-bollywood-dancing-queens-20100310 |archive-date=1 February 2014}}</ref> and ''iDiva'' describing it as "the stuff of movie legends".<ref name="iDiva">{{cite web |work=iDiva |date=13 October 2011 |title=Sridevi – The Dancing Queen |url=http://idiva.com/photogallery-entertainment/sridevi-the-dancing-queen/8403 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224051712/http://idiva.com/photogallery-entertainment/sridevi-the-dancing-queen/8403 |archive-date=24 February 2013}}</ref> Nagina is credited as being the film which established Sridevi's position as the biggest female star of the 1980s, rivalling male stars like [[Amitabh Bachchan]] and [[Dharmendra]]. Besides ''[[Nagina (1986 film)|Nagina]]'', 1986 also saw Sridevi giving box-office hits in [[Subhash Ghai]]'s multi-starrer ''[[Karma (1986 film)|Karma]]'' and [[Feroz Khan (actor)|Feroz Khan]]'s ''[[Janbaaz]]''. According to ''[[CNN-IBN]]''{{'}}s Bollywood Blockbusters, "Sridevi's popularity grew so much that despite having a guest appearance in ''[[Janbaaz]]'', she completely overshadowed the film's lead heroine [[Dimple Kapadia]]."<ref>{{cite web |title=Bollywood Blockbusters:Scintillating Sridevi |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/shows/Bollywood+Blockbusters/145042.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309123315/http://ibnlive.in.com/shows/Bollywood+Blockbusters/145042.html |archive-date=9 March 2014 |publisher=CNN-IBN}}</ref>

=== 1987–1991: Stardom ===
Sridevi followed the success of ''[[Nagina]]'' by playing a goofy crime journalist in the science fiction film ''[[Mr. India (1987 film)|Mr. India]]'' (1987) opposite [[Anil Kapoor]], which was described by ''[[Rediff]]'' as "one of the most iconic films of its time".<ref name="http">{{cite web |work=Rediff |title=PIX: The Changing Faces of Sridevi |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-pix-the-changing-faces-of-sridevi/20121009.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115061354/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-pix-the-changing-faces-of-sridevi/20121009.htm |archive-date=15 January 2013}}</ref> Directed by [[Shekhar Kapur]], it became one of the highest grossing hits of the year and also found a place in ''[[Hindustan Times]]''{{'}} list of 'Top 10 Patriotic Films of Hindi Cinema'.<ref>{{cite web |work=Box Office India |title=Box Office 1987 |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=193&catName=MTk4Nw== |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012172152/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=193&catName=MTk4Nw== |archive-date=12 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |work=Hindustan Times |title=Top 10 Patriotic Films |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/photos-news/Photos-Entertainment/toptenpatrioticmovies/Article4.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809064003/http://www.hindustantimes.com/photos-news/Photos-Entertainment/toptenpatrioticmovies/Article4.aspx |archive-date=9 August 2013}}</ref> While the trade famously joked that the film should have been named ''Ms. India'',{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}} ''[[Rediff]]'' also stated that "Sridevi was a complete show-stealer in the film".<ref name="http" /> Sridevi's imitation of [[Charlie Chaplin]] in the film was described by [[Times of India|''The Times of India'']] as "the most hilarious act she has ever done".<ref>{{cite web |title=Top 10 Sridevi's avatar |website=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articlelist/entertainment/Top-10-Sridevi's-avatar/videols/16991142.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111104732/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articlelist/entertainment/Top-10-Sridevi's-avatar/videols/16991142.cms |archive-date=11 January 2016}}</ref> ''Rediff'' also featured Sridevi in its list of 'Super 6 Comic Heroines' stating that "her mobile face expressions could give Jim Carrey sleepless nights" and that "her biggest plus point is her ability to be completely uninhibited in front of the camera".<ref name="rediff2004">{{cite web |work=Rediff |title=What do Sridevi, Kajol and Preity have in common? |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/dec/02corner.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517173328/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/dec/02corner.htm |archive-date=17 May 2013}}</ref>

The dance number "Hawaa Hawaai", cited by ''The'' ''Times of India'' as "one of the unforgettable numbers of Sridevi",<ref>{{cite news |title=Magic of 'Mr India' is still on |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Magic-of-Mr-India-is-still-on/articleshow/3005057.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130426181924/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-05-03/news-interviews/27750294_1_movies-cinema-halls-anil-kapoor |archive-date=26 April 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=3 May 2008 }}</ref> also became a popular nickname for the actress.<ref>{{cite web |work=The Sunday Tribune |title=Hit Shakers |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110313/spectrum/main10.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610224251/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110313/spectrum/main10.htm |archive-date=10 June 2015}}</ref> Besides comedy, Sridevi featured in the video for the song "Kaate Nahin Kat Te"; ''[[Filmfare]]'' described Sridevi as "truly a goddess in a blue sari".<ref>{{cite web |work=Filmfare |title=Rain over me! |url=http://www.filmfare.com/features/rain-over-me-628.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031041244/http://www.filmfare.com/features/rain-over-me-628.html |archive-date=31 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Top Hot'n'Sexy Songs |website=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videols/6664850.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622105603/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videols/6664850.cms |archive-date=22 June 2013}}</ref> ''Rediff'' also featured the song in its list of 'Top 25 Sari Moments' praising Sridevi's "ability to look erotic even when she's covered from head-to-toe".<ref>{{cite web |work=Rediff |title=Top 25 Sari Moments |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-pix-bollywood-s-25-hottest-sari-sequences/20120503.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307201320/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-pix-bollywood-s-25-hottest-sari-sequences/20120503.htm |archive-date=7 March 2013}}</ref> For ''Mr. India'', Sridevi commanded ₹1.1 million, making her the highest paid Indian actress. ''[[Box Office India]]'' states that with the success of ''Mr. India'', Sridevi "continued her domination" over her contemporaries [[Jaya Prada]] and [[Meenakshi Sheshadri]].<ref name="Boxofficeindia.com" />

1989 saw the release of the [[Yash Chopra]]'s romantic musical saga ''[[Chandni (1989 film)|Chandni]]'', with Sridevi playing the title role. The film emerged as one of the biggest blockbusters of 1989.<ref>{{cite web|work=Box Office India|title=Worth Their Weight In Gold! (80s)|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.co.in/worth-their-weight-in-gold-80s/|access-date=16 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111104732/http://www.boxofficeindia.co.in/worth-their-weight-in-gold-80s/|archive-date=11 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Cited by ''The Times of India'' as "one of the most watched films of Indian cinema",<ref>{{cite web|title=Top 10 Yash Chopra Films|website=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment/Top-10-Yash-Chopra-films/videols/16911320.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121223032032/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment/Top-10-Yash-Chopra-films/videols/16911320.cms|archive-date=23 December 2012}}</ref> the film also reaffirmed Sridevi's position as the top female star of the 1980s.<ref>{{cite web|work=Hindustan Times|title=Yash Chopra's greatest hits|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Yash-Chopra-s-greatest-hits/Article1-948908.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126002510/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Yash-Chopra-s-greatest-hits/Article1-948908.aspx|archive-date=26 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=Indiatimes|date=23 October 2012|title=Most Iconic Names in Yash Chopra Films!|url=http://www.indiatimes.com/bollywood/most-iconic-names-in-yash-chopra-films-44670.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115041848/http://www.indiatimes.com/bollywood/most-iconic-names-in-yash-chopra-films-44670.html|archive-date=15 November 2012}}</ref> She was also paid ₹1.5 million for the lead role.<ref name="indianexpress.com">{{Cite web |date=23 November 2022 |title=How Boney Kapoor helped Sridevi in escalating her fee from Rs 10 lakh to Rs 25 lakh: 'I put one condition…' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/how-boney-kapoor-helped-sridevi-in-escalating-her-fee-from-rs-10-lakh-to-rs-25-lakh-8284940/ |access-date=24 June 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=24 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624194236/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/how-boney-kapoor-helped-sridevi-in-escalating-her-fee-from-rs-10-lakh-to-rs-25-lakh-8284940/ |url-status=live }}</ref> While she topped the ''[[Hindustan Times]]''{{'}} list of Yash Chopra's 'Top 5 Heroines',<ref name="Hindustan Times">{{cite web|work=Hindustan Times|title=Top 50: Glorious moments from Yash Chopra's oeuvre|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Top-50-Glorious-moments-from-Lt-Yash-Chopra-s-oeuvre/Article1-948539.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121124115913/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Top-50-Glorious-moments-from-Lt-Yash-Chopra-s-oeuvre/Article1-948539.aspx|archive-date=24 November 2012}}</ref> ''[[CNN-IBN]]'' also ranked her first on a similar list, saying "Yash Chopra immortalized Sridevi as the perfect Chandni".<ref>{{cite web|title=Yash Chopra's 10 Most Sensuous Heroines|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/7690-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222174728/http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/7690-1.html|archive-date=22 February 2014|publisher=CNN-IBN}}</ref> ''[[India Today]]'' and ''[[NDTV]]'' also included her in such lists, stating that the film established Sridevi "as the nation's sweetheart".<ref>{{cite web|work=India Today|title=Yash Chopra's iconic characters|date=22 October 2012 |url=http://m.indiatoday.in/story/yash-chopras-iconic-characters/1/225736.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111104732/http://m.indiatoday.in/story/yash-chopras-iconic-characters/1/225736.html|archive-date=11 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|work=NDTV|title=Vijay, Chandni: Yash Chopra's greatest creations|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/vijay-chandni-yash-chopra-s-greatest-creations-282649|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522033045/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/vijay-chandni-yash-chopra-s-greatest-creations-282649|archive-date=22 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=Rediff|title=Yash Chopra's visions in white|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-yash-chopras-visions-in-white/20121112.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202084237/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-yash-chopras-visions-in-white/20121112.htm|archive-date=2 February 2013}}</ref> ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'' wrote: "Leena Daru scored a winner again when she created the 'Chandni Look' for Sridevi. Every street corner sold the salwar-kameez and dupatta that gave the heroine a refreshingly understated look, rarely seen on the Indian screen",<ref>{{cite web|work=The Tribune|title=Sunday Reading|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98dec06/sunday/head5.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063252/http://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98dec06/sunday/head5.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Sridevi's dance number "Mere Haathon Mein Nau Nau Choodiyaan" proved also popular with audiences,<ref>{{cite web|work=Rediff|title=Bollywood's Top 25 Wedding Songs|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-25-wedding-songs-for-the-season/20120510.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160103045243/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-25-wedding-songs-for-the-season/20120510.htm|archive-date=3 January 2016}}</ref> and she also lent her voice to the film's popular title-track.<ref>{{cite web|title=Anybody Can Sing! |url=http://businessofcinema.com/news/any-body-can-sing-bollywood-comes-a-full-circle/63140|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222000813/http://businessofcinema.com/news/any-body-can-sing-bollywood-comes-a-full-circle/63140|archive-date=22 February 2014|work=Business of Cinema|date=25 February 2013|access-date=25 July 2022}}</ref>

The same year, Sridevi also starred in the [[Slapstick film|slapstick comedy]] ''[[ChaalBaaz]]'', which had her play a double role of twin sisters separated at birth. ''Filmfare'' ranked her performance #4 in its list of '80 Iconic Performances of Hindi Cinema', stating that "Sridevi's penchant for giggles and her ability to look distinctly tearful when required polishes these performances to perfection. Hell, she made Sunny Deol and Rajinikanth look like sidekicks in the film".<ref>{{cite web |work=Ohnotheydidnt |title=80 Iconic Performances from Filmfare Magazine |date=13 June 2010 |url=http://ohnotheydidnt.livejournal.com/47844479.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707093356/http://ohnotheydidnt.livejournal.com/47844479.html |archive-date=7 July 2013}}</ref> ''The'' ''Times of India'' article 'Bollywood's Hit Double Roles' wrote, "Sridevi's performance had rocked the box office".<ref>{{cite news |title=Bollywood's Hit Double Roles |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Bollywoods-hit-double-roles/articleshow/13742308.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411044408/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-02/news-interviews/31983193_1_dev-anand-dilip-kumar-hum-dono |archive-date=11 April 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 June 2012 }}</ref> ''Rediff'' featured the film in its countdown of "25 Best Double Roles in Bollywood" saying "What you don't realise until you have seen ''Chaalbaaz'' is just how incredible Sridevi is at depicting both ends of the spectrum",<ref>{{cite web |work=Rediff |title=The 25 Best Double Roles in Bollywood |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-best-double-roles-in-bollywood/20120531.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120602071115/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-best-double-roles-in-bollywood/20120531.htm |archive-date=2 June 2012}}</ref> and that the film "cemented her position as an actress with a killer comic timing".<ref name="http" /> Speaking to [[Indian Express|''The Indian Express'']] about Sridevi's act in ''ChaalBaaz'', the director [[Pankaj Parashar]] said "She proved her range with the movie and after that she got lots of offers which saw her in a double role".<ref>{{cite web |work=The Indian Express |title=Double roles are still fun as ever |date=12 June 2009 |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/double-roles-are-still-fun-as-ever/475215 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090616134812/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/double-roles-are-still-fun-as-ever/475215/ |archive-date=16 June 2009}}</ref> Her slapstick rain dance "Na Jaane Kahaan Se Aayi Hai" became successful with ''The Times of India'' describing it as "a Sridevi classic where she simply looked wow with her chirpy expressions and rain drops kissing her cheeks."<ref>{{cite news |title=Bollywood's high on recreating retros |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/Bollywoods-high-on-recreating-retros/articleshow/18290893.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411035358/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-02/news-and-interviews/36685335_1_himmatwala-dance-moves-chaalbaaz |archive-date=11 April 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 February 2013 }}</ref> Sridevi garnered [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] nominations at Filmfare for both ''Chandni'' and ''ChaalBaaz'' in 1989, winning for the latter.

[[File:Madhuri & Sridevi.jpg|thumb|left|Sridevi (right) with actress [[Madhuri Dixit]] on season 5 of ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 5|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]'' (2012)]]
Chopra then cast Sridevi in his 1991 intergenerational musical romantic drama ''[[Lamhe]]''. ''The Times of India'' included it in its list of 'Top 10 Films of Yash Chopra' describing it as a tale of "love transcending the boundaries of time and space"<ref>{{cite web |work=The Times of India |title=Top 10 Films of Yash Chopra |url=http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/celebs/celeb-themes/top-10-films-of-yash-chopra/articleshow/16911367.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704052357/http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/celebs/celeb-themes/top-10-films-of-yash-chopra/articleshow/16911367.cms |archive-date=4 July 2013}}</ref> while ''[[Rediff]]'' called it "Quite easily one of his most definitive films, Chopra surpassed his own findings of romance with the insightful, lovely ''Lamhe.''"<ref name="rediff2">{{cite web |work=Rediff |title=The Very Best of Yash Chopra |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-very-best-films-of-yash-chopra/20121022.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223224806/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-very-best-films-of-yash-chopra/20121022.htm |archive-date=23 February 2015}}</ref> Sridevi played both the roles of mother and daughter in what ''iDiva'' described as "another double role but it was unlike any played before."<ref name="iDiva" /> Hailed by ''[[Rediff]]'' as "one of the most remarkable films of her career... often considered a film way ahead of its time",<ref name="http" /><ref>{{cite web |work=Yash Raj Films |via=YouTube |title=Yash Chopra in Conversation with Karan Johar – Lamhe |url=https://www.youtube.com/user/yrf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125141923/https://www.youtube.com/user/yrf |archive-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> Sridevi's folk dance number 'Morni Baga Ma' also became a rage and was placed among the 'Top 5 Songs' of Yash Chopra by ''[[Hindustan Times]]''.<ref name="Hindustan Times" /> ''Lamhe'' was an underwhelming success at the box-office, but received widespread critical acclaim and has become a cult classic over the years.<ref name="idiva.com" /><ref>{{cite web |work=NDTV |title=The Magical Years of Yash Chopra |url=http://goodtimes.ndtv.com/PhotoDetail.aspx?Page=1&ID=14019&AlbumType=PG#talk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121226052724/http://goodtimes.ndtv.com/PhotoDetail.aspx?Page=1&ID=14019&AlbumType=PG#talk |archive-date=26 December 2012}}</ref> Talking about the film, critic Rachel Dwyer wrote in her biography of the film-maker "Chopra's own favourite film, ''Lamhe'' (''Moments'' (1991)), divided the audience on a class basis: it was hugely popular with metropolitan elites and the overseas market, which allowed it to break even, but it had a poor box-office response (largely lower-class, especially the repeat audience) because of its supposed incest theme".<ref>{{cite web |work=Yash Raj Films |title=Yash Chopra – Biography |url=http://www.yashrajfilms.com/AboutUs/YRFTeam.aspx?SectionCode=PRO003BIO1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127051151/http://www.yashrajfilms.com/AboutUs/YRFTeam.aspx?SectionCode=PRO003BIO1 |archive-date=27 January 2013}}</ref> ''[[The Hindu]]'' reported that "With shades of incest, ''Lamhe'' caused more than a flutter and remained the talk of the town",<ref>{{cite news |title=From Partition angst to romantic confection, his films had it all |website=[[The Hindu]] |date=21 October 2012 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/from-partition-angst-to-romantic-confection-his-films-had-it-all/article4019419.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618023208/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/from-partition-angst-to-romantic-confection-his-films-had-it-all/article4019419.ece |archive-date=18 June 2013}}</ref> while Sridevi herself admitted in an interview with [[Rajeev Masand]] that she found the subject "too bold".<ref>{{cite web |title=Now Showing: Masand reviews 'Ek Tha Tiger', interviews Sridevi |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/videos/282674/now-showing-masand-reviews-ek-tha-tiger-interviews-sridevi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021150334/http://ibnlive.in.com/videos/282674/now-showing-masand-reviews-ek-tha-tiger-interviews-sridevi.html |archive-date=21 October 2012 |url-status=dead |publisher=CNN-IBN}}</ref> Though the film flopped at the box-office, with ''[[Rediff]]'' describing its failure as "one of those bizarre, unexplained moments of cinema",<ref name="rediff2" /> ''Lamhe'' picked up 5 Filmfare trophies including [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]] and a second [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] trophy for Sridevi. Her popular Rajasthani costumes in the film also won designer [[Neeta Lulla]] her first [[National Film Award for Best Costume Design]].<ref>{{cite web |work=DNA |title=Neeta Lulla reveals why her National Award trophy is extra special to her |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report_neeta-lulla-reveals-why-her-national-award-trophy-is-extra-special-to-her_1660885 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625200524/http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report_neeta-lulla-reveals-why-her-national-award-trophy-is-extra-special-to-her_1660885 |archive-date=25 June 2012}}</ref>

=== 1992–1997: Continued success ===
In 1992, Sridevi starred in the epic drama ''[[Khuda Gawah]]'' opposite [[Amitabh Bachchan]]. The actress played a double role again as an [[Afghans|Afghan]] warrior Benazir and her daughter Mehndi. Shot mostly in [[Mazar-i-Sharif]], Afghanistan,<ref name="ndtv.com">{{cite web |date=27 August 2013 |title=Amitabh Bachchan on shooting Khuda Gawah in Afghanistan – NDTV Movies |website=ndtv.com |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-on-shooting-khuda-gawah-in-afghanistan-613598 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301044413/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-on-shooting-khuda-gawah-in-afghanistan-613598 |archive-date=1 March 2018 |access-date=28 February 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> it did good business with ''[[BBC]]'' reporting that "it ran to packed houses for 10 weeks in [[Kabul]]". ''Khuda Gawah'' still remains popular in Afghanistan and ''[[Rediff]]'' reported that the film is "in great demand after the reopening of cinema halls in the country" in 2001.<ref>{{cite web |work=Rediff |title=Exit Taliban. Enter Bollywood |url=http://www.rediff.in/entertai/2001/nov/26afghan.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 April 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130412230047/http://www.rediff.in/entertai/2001/nov/26afghan.htm}}</ref> For Khuda Gawah, Sridevi earned ₹2.5 million for the role.<ref name="indianexpress.com"/> At Filmfare, the film picked up the [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]] trophy, while Sridevi earned a nomination for Best Actress. During the production of [[Jurassic Park (film)|''Jurassic Park'']] in 1992–93, acclaimed Hollywood director and producer [[Steven Spielberg]] approached Sridevi for a small role in the film. However, Sridevi, after evaluating the stature of the role, refused the offer.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 February 2018 |title=When Sridevi said no to Steven Spielberg's Jurassic Park |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/when-sridevi-said-no-to-steven-spielberg-5077070/#:~:text=Sridevi%20was%20approached%20by%20Steven,didn't%20meet%20her%20stature.&text=Sridevi%20was%20called%20the%20female,Bollywood%2C%20and%20not%20for%20nothing |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925113515/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/when-sridevi-said-no-to-steven-spielberg-5077070/#:~:text=Sridevi%20was%20approached%20by%20Steven,didn't%20meet%20her%20stature.&text=Sridevi%20was%20called%20the%20female,Bollywood%2C%20and%20not%20for%20nothing |archive-date=25 September 2020}}</ref>

Sridevi's big-budget 1993 release ''[[Roop Ki Rani Choron Ka Raja]]'' was one of India's most expensive films ever made.<ref>{{cite web |work=Rediff |title='I will direct a film soon'-Boney Kapoor |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2000/jan/28boney.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125052/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2000/jan/28boney.htm |archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref> Though the film failed at the box office, Sridevi was appreciated with ''[[Times of India]]'' calling her disguise in a comedy scene "the best ever South Indian role played by any actress".<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{cite web |title=Top 10 Sridevi's avatar |website=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Entertainment/Top-Lists/articlelist/entertainment/Top-10-Sridevi's-avatar/videols/16991142.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111104732/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Entertainment/Top-Lists/articlelist/entertainment/Top-10-Sridevi's-avatar/videols/16991142.cms |archive-date=11 January 2016}}</ref> She next starred in the 1993 thriller ''[[Gumrah (1993 film)|Gumrah]]'', opposite [[Sanjay Dutt]]. Directed by [[Mahesh Bhatt]], the actress played a singer falsely accused of drugs smuggling in [[Hong Kong]]. ''Bollyspice'' stated in its 'Sridevi Retrospective' that "Despite great performances from the rest of the cast, ''Gumrah'' was really Sridevi's film. She managed to exemplify female emotion and robustness to a great degree that you remember the film largely for her significant contribution towards it,"<ref name="bollyspice">{{cite web |work=Bollyspice |title=Sridevi: A Brief Retrospective |date=5 October 2012 |url=http://bollyspice.com/49527/sridevi-a-brief-retrospective |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130314201050/http://bollyspice.com/49527/sridevi-a-brief-retrospective |archive-date=14 March 2013}}</ref> Her performance earned her another nomination for Best Actress at Filmfare.

In 1994, Sridevi teamed up with [[Anil Kapoor]] again in ''[[Laadla (1994 film)|Laadla]]'' playing business tycoon Sheetal Jaitley. The character, described by ''[[Times of India]]'' as "rude, dominant and very competitive"<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com" /> brought her yet another Best Actress nomination at Filmfare. She acted in her comeback film in Malayalam in 1996 – [[Bharathan]]'s ''[[Devaraagam]]'', a love story in which she starred opposite [[Aravind Swamy]].

The last major film Sridevi starred in before she took a break from the industry was the romantic drama ''[[Judaai (1997 film)|Judaai]]'', released in 1997. Along with [[Anil Kapoor]] and [[Urmila Matondkar]], the actress played a greedy housewife going to extreme lengths for money. Talking about her swan-song, critic Subhash K. Jha wrote that Sridevi "left us with the most stunning hurrah in ''Judaai''. A terrible film that I've watched countless times to see her play the money-minded harridan who 'sells' her husband to Urmila Matondkar. Who but Sridevi could carry of such an outrageous role with such enthusiastic élan?!"<ref>{{cite news |title=Let the Divas Come Back! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Let-the-divas-come-back/articleshow/2604786.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130616001849/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-12-08/news-interviews/27963720_1_madhuri-dixit-chandramukhi-aishwarya-rai |archive-date=16 June 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=8 December 2007 }}</ref> while ''Bollyspice'' stated that "She used her polished acting skills to illustrate her character's greed and individualism at such a grotesque level."<ref name="http" /> ''Judaai'' earned Sridevi her eighth Best Actress nomination at Filmfare. In 1996, Sridevi married Boney Kapoor of the famed Bollywood royalty, the Kapoor family. During the years 1996–97, her mother was suffering from brain cancer-induced complications. After her mother's death in 1997, Sridevi went on a hiatus from the film industry.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/manish-malhotra-remembers-sridevi-recalls-moment-she-took-15-year-hiatus-4085900.html|title=Manish Malhotra Remembers Sridevi, Recalls Moment She Took 15-year Hiatus|work=News18|date=5 December 2021|access-date=16 March 2024|archive-date=17 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317002425/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/manish-malhotra-remembers-sridevi-recalls-moment-she-took-15-year-hiatus-4085900.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 2004–2018: Comeback, television debut and final roles ===
[[File:English Vinglish shooting 03.jpg|thumb|Sridevi with [[Ajith Kumar]] on the sets of film ''[[English Vinglish]]'' in 2012]]
After a 6-year hiatus, Sridevi briefly returned to the small screen in the Sahara sitcom ''[[Malini Iyer]]'' (2004–2005). She also appeared on ''[[Jeena Isi Ka Naam Hai]]'' (2004) and as a judge in the TV show ''Kaboom'' (2005).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/sridevi-on-tv-show-kaboom-news-bollywood-kkfvxmajiigsi.html|title=Sridevi on TV show Kaboom|website=[[Sify]] |date=15 December 2005|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217142318/http://www.sify.com/movies/sridevi-on-tv-show-kaboom-news-bollywood-kkfvxmajiigsi.html|archive-date=17 February 2019}}</ref> She performed a medley of some of her musical numbers at the [[52nd Filmfare Awards]] in 2007. She was also a member of the board of directors at the Asian Academy of Film & Television.<ref>{{cite web |title=Board of Directors |url=http://www.aaft.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=87&Itemid=117 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823091326/http://www.aaft.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=87&Itemid=117 |archive-date=23 August 2011 |access-date=1 June 2011 |publisher=Aaft.com}}</ref>

On 19 September 2009, Sridevi appeared on the [[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony TV]] show ''[[10 Ka Dum]]''. On 13 May 2012, Sridevi appeared on the [[StarPlus|Star Plus]] talk-show ''[[Satyamev Jayate (talk show)|Satyamev Jayate]]''.

Sridevi had also developed a passion for painting. In March 2010, her paintings were sold by an international art auction house with the money raised being donated.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jha |first=Subhash K |date=10 March 2010 |title=Sridevi's painting to be auctioned |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Sridevis-painting-to-be-auctioned/articleshow/5666382.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811054752/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-10/news-interviews/28123205_1_painting-sridevi-boney-kapoor |archive-date=11 August 2011}}</ref>
[[File:Sridevi07.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Sridevi at the premiere of ''English Vinglish'' in 2012]]
After a 15-year absence from film, Sridevi starred in ''[[English Vinglish]]'' (2012), a comedy-drama helmed by debutante director [[Gauri Shinde]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sridevi to make a comeback in Gauri Shinde's film |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/sridevi-to-make-a-comeback-in-gauri-shindes-film/758286/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110415061957/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/sridevi-to-make-a-comeback-in-gauri-shindes-film/758286 |archive-date=15 April 2011 }}</ref> In the film, she played Shashi Godbole, a housewife who enrolls in an English-speaking course after her husband and daughter's mocking of her English skills. The film and Sridevi's performance received widespread critical acclaim. ''[[The Times of India]]'' called it "easily one of the best films of 2012!" and Sridevi's performance "a masterclass for actors."<ref>{{cite news |title=English Vinglish |website=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/English-Vinglish/movie-review/16665894.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011093531/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/English-Vinglish/movie-review/16665894.cms |archive-date=11 October 2012}}</ref> Raja Sen of ''[[Rediff]]'' found the film "a winner all the way [...] Sridevi excels in fleshing out her character",<ref name="rediff">{{cite web |work=Rediff |title=English Vinglish is a winner all the way |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-english-vinglish-is-a-winner-all-the-way/20121005.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121117001400/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-english-vinglish-is-a-winner-all-the-way/20121005.htm |archive-date=17 November 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> and critic Subhash K. Jha said Sridevi "makes the contemporary actresses, even the coolest ones, look like jokes... If you watch only 2 films every year make sure you see ''English Vinglish'' twice!"<ref>{{cite web |work=Yahoo |title=English Vinglish |url=http://in.omg.yahoo.com/news/sridevi-gauri-women-power-rocks-english-vinglish-ians-065938000.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329060747/https://in.style.yahoo.com/news/sridevi-gauri-women-power-rocks-english-vinglish-ians-065938000.html |archive-date=29 March 2020 |access-date=15 November 2012}}</ref> [[Rajeev Masand]] of ''[[CNN-IBN]]'' wrote Sridevi delivers "a performance that is nothing short of perfect [...] It's warm and fuzzy, and leaves you with a big smile on your face."<ref>{{cite web |title=English Vinglish Review |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/english-vinglish-review-the-film-leaves-you-with-a-big-smile-on-your-face/298289-47-84.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104123813/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/english-vinglish-review-the-film-leaves-you-with-a-big-smile-on-your-face/298289-47-84.html |archive-date=4 November 2012 |publisher=CNN-IBN}}</ref> "Sridevi doesn't miss a beat. Her performance is a triumph!", added the critic [[Anupama Chopra]].<ref>{{cite web |work=Hindustan Times |title=English Vinglish |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Reviews/Anupama-Chopra-s-review-English-Vinglish/Article1-940446.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707151702/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Reviews/Anupama-Chopra-s-review-English-Vinglish/Article1-940446.aspx |archive-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> [[Komal Nahta]] said she "makes the best comeback in Bollywood history and delivers a landmark performance."<ref>{{cite web |work=ETC |title=English Vinglish |url=http://www.etc.in/reviews/read.html?id=4934 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222220504/http://www.etc.in/reviews/read.html?id=4934 |archive-date=22 February 2014}}</ref>

With the high critical acclaim and massive commercial success of ''English Vinglish'', Sridevi became the only actress in Bollywood to make a successful comeback as a leading lady after marriage and a long hiatus.<ref name="Indiawest">{{cite web |work=Indiawest |title=Sridevi is grateful for English Vinglish triumph |url=http://indiawest.com/news/7298-sridevi-is-grateful-for-english-vinglish-triumph.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410065524/http://www.indiawest.com/news/7298-sridevi-is-grateful-for-english-vinglish-triumph.html |archive-date=10 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Boney guiding Sridevi in her career |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Boney-guiding-Sridevi-in-her-career/articleshow/17002623.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126073202/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-30/news-interviews/34799696_1_sridevi-english-vinglish-gauri-shinde |archive-date=26 January 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=30 October 2012 }}</ref> Gauri Shinde featured her in the ''Financial Times'' 2012 list of '25 Indians To Watch'.<ref>{{Cite news |title=25 Indians to Watch |newspaper=Financial Times |date=16 November 2012 |url=https://www.ft.com/content/e158c112-2eb7-11e2-9b98-00144feabdc0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119042615/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/e158c112-2eb7-11e2-9b98-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2COt4hOic |archive-date=19 November 2012}}</ref> She topped ''Rediff.com''{{'}}s annual listing of the "Bollywood's Best Actresses" in 2012; the website wrote ''English Vinglish'' "is a simple film where things are credible, never melodramatic" and Sridevi "always judges the tone right. It's the sort of performance younger actresses should learn from."<ref>{{cite web |date=21 December 2012 |title=Bollywood's 10 Best Actresses Of 2012 |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-yearend-special-bollywood-s-top-ten-actresses-of-2012/20121221.htm#9 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127161020/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-yearend-special-bollywood-s-top-ten-actresses-of-2012/20121221.htm#9 |archive-date=27 January 2013 |access-date=8 January 2013 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref> Sridevi was declared the most-admired Bollywood actress of 2012 in a mobile survey conducted by ''Vuclip'', the world's largest mobile research company.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 December 2012 |title=Amitabh Bachchan, Sridevi voted most-admired Bollywood actors |work=[[The Times of India]] |agency=Press Trust of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Amitabh-Bachchan-Sridevi-voted-most-admired-Bollywood-actors/articleshow/17707923.cms |url-status=live |access-date=8 January 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126182736/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-22/news-interviews/35953867_1_playback-singer-english-vinglish-sridevi |archive-date=26 January 2013}}</ref> She was nominated for several awards, including her ninth nomination for Best Actress at Filmfare.<ref name="Filmfare nom EV">{{cite web |date=30 March 2013 |title=58th Idea Filmfare Awards nominations are here! |url=http://www.filmfare.com/news/58th-idea-filmfare-awards-nominations-are-here-2123.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227075057/http://www.filmfare.com/news/58th-idea-filmfare-awards-nominations-are-here-2123.html |archive-date=27 December 2014}}</ref> Following an appearance during the song "Apna Bombay Talkies" in the film ''[[Bombay Talkies (film)|Bombay Talkies]]'' (2013),<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2013 |title=Watch: Shah Rukh, Aamir, Sridevi, Kareena, Priyanka Share Screen for Special Song in 'Bombay Talkies' [VIDEO] |work=International Business Times |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/watch-shah-rukh-aamir-sridevi-kareena-priyanka-share-screen-for-special-song-in-039bombay-talkies039-video-461752 |url-status=live |access-date=26 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116113917/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/watch-shah-rukh-aamir-sridevi-kareena-priyanka-share-screen-for-special-song-in-039bombay-talkies039-video-461752 |archive-date=16 November 2018}}</ref> Sridevi starred in the Tamil fantasy action adventure film ''[[Puli (2015 film)|Puli]]'' (2015),<ref>{{cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Latha |date=25 August 2015 |title=Vijay's Puli to release on October 1! |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-vijay-s-puli-to-release-on-october-1-2118154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150827085834/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-vijay-s-puli-to-release-on-october-1-2118154 |archive-date=27 August 2015 |website=Daily News and Analysis}}</ref> which became her last Tamil film before her death in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |work=India Today |title=What happened on the sets of Sridevi's last Tamil film Puli? |date=25 February 2018 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/sridevi-died-puli-vijay-film-controversy-1177307-2018-02-25 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921000119/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/sridevi-died-puli-vijay-film-controversy-1177307-2018-02-25 |archive-date=21 September 2018 |access-date=20 September 2018}}</ref>

[[File:Sridevi January 2018.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Sridevi at the HT Style Awards in January 2018]]
Sridevi was next seen in her home production titled ''[[Mom (film)|Mom]]'' (2017), which marked her 300th film.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Mohar |last=Basu |date=10 May 2017 |title=This fact of Sridevi's 'Mom' will blow your mind |work=[[Mid-Day]] |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/sridevi-mom-film-debut-boney-kapoor-nawazuddin-siddiqui-bollywood-news/18236194 |url-status=live |access-date=26 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118201953/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/sridevi-mom-film-debut-boney-kapoor-nawazuddin-siddiqui-bollywood-news/18236194 |archive-date=18 November 2018}}</ref> In the psychological thriller film, she played a mother who sets out to avenge the rape of her daughter. Sridevi said that as a mother and an artiste, she empathised with her character's rage, and found it hard to be in a normal state during the filming.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2017 |title=300 films but Sridevi doesn't remember giving more than one take for a shot |work=Deccan Chronicle |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/151117/300-films-but-sridevi-doesnt-remember-giving-more-than-one-take-for-a-shot.html |access-date=26 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115111226/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/151117/300-films-but-sridevi-doesnt-remember-giving-more-than-one-take-for-a-shot.html |archive-date=15 November 2017}}</ref> ''Mom'' was released on 7 July 2017 to highly positive reviews, with critics widely appreciating Sridevi's performance.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mom Review {4/5}: Mothers are a symbol of strength; this movie further reinforces that |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/mom/movie-review/59458260.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717160527/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/mom/movie-review/59458260.cms |archive-date=17 July 2017 |access-date=23 July 2017 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> ''The Times of India'' and ''The Indian Express'' added Sridevi "demonstrates why she is the high-priestess of Indian cinema" and that she "needs only a twitch or a glance to prove that she is a powerhouse and there are several scenes she lifts by just being there."<ref>{{cite web |date=10 July 2017 |title=Mom Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/mom/movie-review/59458260.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621230650/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/mom/movie-review/59458260.cms |archive-date=21 June 2018 |access-date=26 February 2018 |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name="Shubhra Gupta">{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |date=7 July 2017 |title=Mom movie review: Sridevi tries hard to carry the film, but a weak plot fails her |work=The Indian Express |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/mom-movie-review-sridevi-nawazuddin-siddiqui-akshaye-khanna-star-rating-4738669/ |url-status=live |access-date=26 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509072656/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/mom-movie-review-sridevi-nawazuddin-siddiqui-akshaye-khanna-star-rating-4738669/ |archive-date=9 May 2019}}</ref> For her performance, Sridevi received the [[National Film Award for Best Actress]] and earned nominations for [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] and [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress|Best Actress (Critics)]] at Filmfare and the [[Screen Award for Best Actress]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 January 2018 |title=63rd Jio Filmfare Awards 2018: Official list of nominations |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/heres-the-official-list-of-nominations-for-63rd-jio-filmfare-awards-2018/articleshow/62554021.cms |url-status=live |access-date=26 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224231040/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/heres-the-official-list-of-nominations-for-63rd-jio-filmfare-awards-2018/articleshow/62554021.cms |archive-date=24 December 2018}}</ref> At the time of her death, Sridevi was not shooting for any upcoming films and her last on-screen appearance was in [[Aanand L. Rai]]'s film ''[[Zero (2018 film)|Zero]]'' (2018) in a cameo.<ref>{{cite news |date=25 February 2018 |title=Sridevi will be seen one last time in Shah Rukh Khan's Zero. See pics |newspaper=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sridevi-will-be-seen-one-last-time-in-shah-rukh-khan-s-zero-see-pics/story-5al2RcNiSyv6WM05DxVbXP.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725110623/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sridevi-will-be-seen-one-last-time-in-shah-rukh-khan-s-zero-see-pics/story-5al2RcNiSyv6WM05DxVbXP.html |archive-date=25 July 2018 |access-date=25 February 2018}}</ref> Sridevi had signed the 2019 period romantic drama ''[[Kalank]]'', produced by [[Karan Johar]]; however, due to her demise she was replaced by [[Madhuri Dixit]].<ref>{{cite web |date=19 April 2018 |title=Kalank, The Film That Was To Star Sridevi, Begins. See Pics Of Sonakshi Sinha, Aditya Roy Kapur |work=NDTV |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kalank-the-film-that-was-to-star-sridevi-begins-see-pics-of-sonakshi-sinha-aditya-roy-kapur-1839616 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428181518/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kalank-the-film-that-was-to-star-sridevi-begins-see-pics-of-sonakshi-sinha-aditya-roy-kapur-1839616 |archive-date=28 April 2018 |access-date=28 April 2018}}</ref> Another film she had signed, was to play a cameo role in the [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] film ''Sree Sree Devaraagam'', a sequel to Sridevi's own 1996 film ''[[Devaraagam]]'', was subsequently shelved after her death in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/gossip/sridevi-in-malayalam-movie-sree-sree-devaragam-by-md-rajendran.html |title=After 'Puli', Sridevi heads to Mollywood? | Sridevi | Mollywood | Malayalam movie | Sree Sree Devaragam | MD Rajendran | Puli | Vijay | Gossips |publisher=Onmanorama.com |date= |accessdate=18 August 2022 |archive-date=17 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817210747/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/gossip/sridevi-in-malayalam-movie-sree-sree-devaragam-by-md-rajendran.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Sridevi was always accompanied by her mother Rajeswari or by her sister Srilatha to the film sets during shooting of her films between 1972 and 1994.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 April 2013 |title=Sridevi and sister Srilatha make up after years & Updates at Daily News & Analysis |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-sridevi-and-sister-srilatha-make-up-after-years-1826399 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227034159/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-sridevi-and-sister-srilatha-make-up-after-years-1826399 |archive-date=27 February 2018 |access-date=27 February 2018}}</ref> The politician [[Sanjay Ramasamy]] has been married to her sister Srilatha since 1989.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=Death of Sridevi: MIC's Vell Paari to attend Mumbai funeral |url=https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/groove/2018/02/338758/death-sridevi-mics-vell-paari-attend-mumbai-funeral |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226071705/https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/groove/2018/02/338758/death-sridevi-mics-vell-paari-attend-mumbai-funeral |archive-date=26 February 2018 |access-date=27 February 2018}}</ref>

Sridevi campaigned for her father when he contested the [[Sivakasi (state assembly constituency)|Sivakasi constituency]] in [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989 assembly elections]], but eventually lost in the elections.<ref name=":3" /> Her father died in 1990 of heart attack, while she was shooting for ''Lamhe''.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Throwback: Yash Chopra recounts the time when Sridevi's father passed away during the shoot of Lamhe |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/yash-chopra-sridevi-lamhe-watch-video-5077544/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226214909/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/yash-chopra-sridevi-lamhe-watch-video-5077544/ |archive-date=26 February 2018 |access-date=26 February 2018 |website=The Indian Express|date=25 February 2018 }}</ref> Her mother died in 1996,<ref name=":3" /> as a result of the complications suffered from an operation that she underwent in 1995 on a brain tumour at [[Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center]] in New York. The neurosurgeon operated on the wrong side of her brain destroying her vital tissues of vision and recent memory. This was widely reported in US media at that time which then led to a successful court battle and prompted then President [[Bill Clinton]]'s proposal of a program for hospitals to disclose their medical errors.<ref>{{cite web |last=Nicholson |first=Joe |date=19 November 1995 |title=A Patient'S Nightmare Unkindest Cuts Of All: Indian Film Star'S Mom 'Vegetable' |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/patient-nightmare-unkindest-cuts-indian-film-star-mom-vegetable-article-1.703075 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226201601/http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/patient-nightmare-unkindest-cuts-indian-film-star-mom-vegetable-article-1.703075 |archive-date=26 February 2018 |access-date=26 February 2018 |website=Daily News |location=New York}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=16 November 1995 |title=Son of Cancer Patient Says Family Sought the Best Care |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/16/nyregion/son-of-cancer-patient-says-family-sought-the-best-care.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123003617/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/16/nyregion/son-of-cancer-patient-says-family-sought-the-best-care.html |archive-date=23 November 2018 |access-date=26 February 2018 |website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=25 June 1995 |title=Surgery Is Done On Wrong Side Of a Brain |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/25/nyregion/surgery-is-done-on-wrong-side-of-a-brain.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122144843/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/25/nyregion/surgery-is-done-on-wrong-side-of-a-brain.html |archive-date=22 November 2018 |access-date=26 February 2018 |website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rediff.com/us/2000/feb/24us2.htm|title=Death of Sridevi's mother is recalled, as America gets tough on medical errors|work=Rediff|first=J. M.|last=Shenoy|date=24 February 2000|access-date=16 March 2024|archive-date=16 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316234632/https://www.rediff.com/us/2000/feb/24us2.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Sridevi, Boney Kapoor at Esha Deol's wedding reception 02.jpg|thumb|upright|Sridevi with her husband Boney Kapoor at [[Esha Deol]]'s wedding reception in 2011]]
Sridevi was extremely discreet about her privacy and rarely gave interviews or discussed her private life in them.<ref name="Guardian">{{cite web |last=Habib |first=Shanhaz |date=27 February 2018 |title=Sridevi obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/feb/27/sridevi-obituary-star-indian-cinema |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228214706/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/feb/27/sridevi-obituary-star-indian-cinema |archive-date=28 February 2018 |access-date=1 March 2018 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> In 1996, she married producer [[Boney Kapoor]]. Their children are [[Janhvi Kapoor|Janhvi]] (born 1997), and [[Khushi Kapoor|Khushi]] (born 2000), both film actresses.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 February 2018 |title=Sridevi and Boney Kapoor's controversial love story – The Express Tribune |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1645041/4-sridevi-boney-kapoors-controversial-love-/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227160741/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1645041/4-sridevi-boney-kapoors-controversial-love-/ |archive-date=27 February 2018 |access-date=27 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=RIP Sridevi: Remembering her love story with Boney Kapoor |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/sridevi-death-boney-kapoor-love-story-1177186-2018-02-25 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181213022859/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/sridevi-death-boney-kapoor-love-story-1177186-2018-02-25 |archive-date=13 December 2018 |access-date=27 February 2018 |website=India Today}}</ref>

Despite being known for her portrayals of a strong, vivacious and exuberant woman on-screen, Sridevi was an extremely introverted and reserved person off-screen. ''[[CNN-IBN]]'' correspondent [[Rajeev Masand]] says; "I have never known anyone who was so painfully shy, so quiet off-screen, who just transformed into a force of nature when the cameras came on. She was an interviewer's nightmare, but the movie-buff's dream".<ref name="Twitter">{{cite web |last=Masand |first=Rajeev |date=25 February 2018 |title=Rajeev Masand on twitter |url=http://mobile.twitter.com/rajeevmasand/status/967523696611966976?lang=ena |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711165633/https://mobile.twitter.com/rajeevmasand/status/967523696611966976?lang=ena |archive-date=11 July 2021 |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=[[twitter.com]]}}</ref> Commenting on her reserved nature, ''[[Firstpost]]'' says; "Behind the glamorous heroine with twinkling, magical eyes and a stunning face, was an inherently shy woman, often mistaken as arrogant. The truth is she was shy. Having begun to act when she was just 4, she did not complete formal education or get much of a chance to interact with kids of her own age. Consequently, she developed a strong dislike for crowds and noise."<ref name="Firstpost">{{cite web |last=Kashyap |first=Archita |date=3 March 2018 |title=Decoding Sridevi's aloofness: Why the effervescent actress was so reserved off camera |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/decoding-sridevis-aloofness-why-the-effervescent-actress-was-so-reserved-off-camera-4373481.html/amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303200215/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/decoding-sridevis-aloofness-why-the-effervescent-actress-was-so-reserved-off-camera-4373481.html/amp |archive-date=3 March 2018 |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Firstpost}}</ref>

Boney Kapoor shared that Sridevi didn't speak to him for six months after he proposed, as he was married with two kids at the time. Despite the initial rejection, he eventually convinced her, and they married soon after.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=31 December 2024 |title=Sridevi didn't speak to Boney Kapoor for six months after he proposed: 'You're married with two kids, how can you talk to me like this?' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sridevi-didnt-speak-to-boney-kapoor-for-six-months-after-he-proposed-9743419/ |access-date=19 January 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Death and funeral ==
On 20 February 2018, Sridevi and her younger daughter Khushi had flown to [[Al Jazirah Al Hamra]] in [[Ras Al Khaimah]], [[United Arab Emirates]], to attend the wedding of her husband's nephew Mohit Marwah. She decided to spend a couple of days in [[Dubai]] to shop for her elder daughter Janhvi's 21st birthday, after the wedding.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Boney Kapoor talks about Sridevi's final moments |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/boney-kapoor-talks-about-sridevis-final-moments/articleshow/63155194.cms |url-status=live |access-date=4 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304075953/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/boney-kapoor-talks-about-sridevis-final-moments/articleshow/63155194.cms |archive-date=4 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Bollywood bathtub death: Star's final moments |work=NewsComAu |url=http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/husband-of-bollywood-actress-reveals-what-happened-on-the-night-she-died/news-story/69548b0ce425e7ccb0d7df4f9e9d43ad |url-status=live |access-date=4 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304205342/http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/husband-of-bollywood-actress-reveals-what-happened-on-the-night-she-died/news-story/69548b0ce425e7ccb0d7df4f9e9d43ad |archive-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> Her husband Boney Kapoor was not present with them on the wedding day, as he had to attend a meeting in [[Lucknow]] on 22 February. However, he had already planned a surprise visit to his wife, with whom he spoke on the morning of 24 February, when she told him that "Papa (that's how Sridevi addressed Boney), I'm missing you."<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 March 2018 |title=Boney Kapoor opens up on his last moments with Sridevi and the exact happenings |language=en |work=Deccan Chronicle |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/040318/boney-kapoor-opens-up-last-moments-sridevi-exact-happenings.html |url-status=live |access-date=4 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304184201/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/040318/boney-kapoor-opens-up-last-moments-sridevi-exact-happenings.html |archive-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> According to Boney, he took a 15:30 flight to Dubai and reached [[Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel]] around 18:20 in Room 2201 where Sridevi was staying. She and Boney briefly met, chatted for 30 minutes or so and decided to have dinner.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Saunders |first=Emmeline |date=4 March 2018 |title=Sridevi's shocking last minutes revealed by heartbroken husband Boney Kapoor |work=mirror |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/sridevis-last-minutes-revealed-heartbroken-12123371 |url-status=live |access-date=4 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304154007/https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/sridevis-last-minutes-revealed-heartbroken-12123371 |archive-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> Sridevi went to bathe and to get dressed for dinner, while Boney waited in the living room. After 15–20 minutes, around 19:00, he called out to her as they were getting late but was unable to get a response.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 March 2018 |title=Sridevi's devastated husband reveals what happened the night she died |language=en-GB |work=Metro |url=http://metro.co.uk/2018/03/04/devastated-boney-kapoor-reveals-wife-sridevis-final-moments-opens-night-died-7359091/ |url-status=live |access-date=4 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304141026/http://metro.co.uk/2018/03/04/devastated-boney-kapoor-reveals-wife-sridevis-final-moments-opens-night-died-7359091/ |archive-date=4 March 2018}}</ref>

Sridevi was pronounced dead on 24 February 2018 at 19:00 [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] in her hotel room where her husband had found her.<ref name="Hotel">{{Cite news |date=27 February 2018 |title=Sridevi death: Cops question Boney Kapoor, hotel staff, family; check call logs |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/sridevi-death-cops-question-boney-kapoor-hotel-staff-family-check-call-logs/articleshow/63088887.cms |url-status=live |access-date=2 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228223323/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/sridevi-death-cops-question-boney-kapoor-hotel-staff-family-check-call-logs/articleshow/63088887.cms |archive-date=28 February 2018}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=26 February 2018 |title=India mourns Bollywood superstar Sridevi |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-43191417 |url-status=live |access-date=26 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709083857/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-43191417 |archive-date=9 July 2019}}</ref> At first, it was announced by her brother in-law [[Sanjay Kapoor]] to the Indian media that the cause of death was a [[cardiac arrest]], but the investigation to her death began early Sunday morning around 2:30, and the case was transferred to Dubai Public Prosecution by [[Dubai Police Force|Dubai Police]], where General Department of Forensic Evidence, Dubai revealed that the cause of death was "accidental [[drowning]]".<ref>{{cite web |date=26 February 2018 |title=Forensic Tests Say Cause Of Sridevi's Death "Accidental Drowning": Report |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sridevis-funeral-likely-today-grieving-bollywood-gathers-at-family-home-1817219 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727131850/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sridevis-funeral-likely-today-grieving-bollywood-gathers-at-family-home-1817219 |archive-date=27 July 2018 |access-date=26 February 2018 |publisher=NDTV}}</ref> The [[toxicology]] report later also revealed that traces of alcohol were found in her body, and water was found in her lungs.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 February 2018 |title=Traces of alcohol found in Bollywood actress Sridevi's body, died of accidental drowning |work=[[Gulf News]] |url=http://gulfnews.com/life-style/celebrity/desi-news/bollywood/traces-of-alcohol-found-in-bollywood-actress-sridevi-s-body-died-of-accidental-drowning-1.2178719 |url-status=live |access-date=26 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226140250/http://gulfnews.com/life-style/celebrity/desi-news/bollywood/traces-of-alcohol-found-in-bollywood-actress-sridevi-s-body-died-of-accidental-drowning-1.2178719 |archive-date=26 February 2018}}</ref>

After rumours that news of her death was an [[Internet hoax]], her brother-in-law, Sanjay Kapoor, confirmed that she really had died.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 February 2018 |title=Bollywood legend Sridevi passes away in Dubai after cardiac arrest |work=Dawn |location=Pakistan |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1391531/bollywood-legend-sridevi-passes-away-in-dubai-after-cardiac-arrest |url-status=live |access-date=24 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224230833/https://www.dawn.com/news/1391531/bollywood-legend-sridevi-passes-away-in-dubai-after-cardiac-arrest |archive-date=24 February 2018}}</ref> Her fans, co-stars and other Bollywood stars posted condolences on [[Twitter]] to mourn the death.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Sridevi passes away at 54 in Dubai due to cardiac arrest; Bollywood in mourning |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/lifestyle/off-track/sridevi-passes-away-at-54-in-dubai-due-to-cardiac-arrest-bollywood-in-mourning/story/271420.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116194236/https://www.businesstoday.in/lifestyle/off-track/sridevi-passes-away-at-54-in-dubai-due-to-cardiac-arrest-bollywood-in-mourning/story/271420.html |archive-date=16 November 2018 |access-date=25 February 2018 |website=businesstoday.in|date=25 February 2018 }}</ref> After a few days of police investigation, on 27 February, Sridevi's case was closed, and on the night of that day, her body was flown back to [[Mumbai]], India. Ashraf Thamarassery, helped bring back her body to India<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 February 2018 |title=Meet the Indian expat who prepared Sridevi for her final journey home from the UAE |language=en |work=The National |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/meet-the-indian-expat-who-prepared-sridevi-for-her-final-journey-home-from-the-uae-1.708712 |url-status=live |access-date=1 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613203921/https://www.thenational.ae/uae/meet-the-indian-expat-who-prepared-sridevi-for-her-final-journey-home-from-the-uae-1.708712 |archive-date=13 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mishra |first=Gourav |date=28 February 2018 |title=Who is Ashraf Thamarassery? Kerala man running a mechanics shop in UAE helped bring Sridevi's body back home |language=en |work=International Business Times, India Edition |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/who-ashraf-thamarassery-kerala-man-running-mechanics-shop-uae-helped-bring-sridevis-body-back-762240 |url-status=live |access-date=1 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613203919/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/who-ashraf-thamarassery-kerala-man-running-mechanics-shop-uae-helped-bring-sridevis-body-back-762240 |archive-date=13 June 2020}}</ref> by her husband and her stepson, [[Arjun Kapoor]], on a private jet belonging to [[Anil Ambani]].<ref>{{cite web |date=27 February 2018 |title=Sridevi returns home for the last time |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/private-jet-carrying-sridevis-body-lands-at-mumbai/articleshow/63100049.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703180308/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/private-jet-carrying-sridevis-body-lands-at-mumbai/articleshow/63100049.cms |archive-date=3 July 2018 |access-date=27 February 2018 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Her funeral took place on 28 February, at the [[Vile Parle]] Seva Samaj [[Crematorium]] in Mumbai. The final rites were performed by her husband Boney Kapoor.<ref name="Cremation">{{Cite news |title=Sridevi state funeral news updates: Actor cremated in Mumbai's Vile Parle, husband Boney Kapoor performed last rites |work=Firstpost |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/sridevi-funeral-news-updates-live-fans-bollywood-celebrities-pay-last-respects-to-actor-at-celebration-sports-club-4370133.html |url-status=live |access-date=28 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525002422/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/sridevi-funeral-news-updates-live-fans-bollywood-celebrities-pay-last-respects-to-actor-at-celebration-sports-club-4370133.html |archive-date=25 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=27 February 2018 |title=Sridevi's Funeral In Mumbai Tomorrow, Family Says In Statement |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sridevis-funeral-in-mumbai-tomorrow-family-says-in-statement-1817846 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617142228/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sridevis-funeral-in-mumbai-tomorrow-family-says-in-statement-1817846 |archive-date=17 June 2018 |access-date=27 February 2018 |publisher=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> Sridevi was cremated with state honours and also received a gun salute at her funeral.<ref>{{Cite news |title=State honours at Sridevi's funeral, thousands mourn her |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sridevi-funeral-veteran-actress-given-state-honours/articleshow/63109807.cms |url-status=live |access-date=28 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715094852/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sridevi-funeral-veteran-actress-given-state-honours/articleshow/63109807.cms |archive-date=15 July 2018}}</ref> Her pyre was lit by her husband.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 February 2018 |title=Sridevi's mortal remains consgined to flames, husband Boney Kapoor lit the pyre |language=en-US |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood-sridevi-funeral-hundreds-of-fans-gather-around-her-lokhandwala-house-to-pay-last-respect-430225 |url-status=live |access-date=28 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116194037/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood-sridevi-funeral-hundreds-of-fans-gather-around-her-lokhandwala-house-to-pay-last-respect-430225 |archive-date=16 November 2018}}</ref> On 3 March, Sridevi's ashes were flown into [[Tamil Nadu]] via [[Chennai]] by her husband and her two daughters Janhvi Kapoor and Khushi Kapoor and later taken to and immersed in the sea off the coast of [[Rameswaram]].<ref name="Ashes Burial">{{Cite news |date=4 March 2018 |title=Boney Kapoor, daughters Jahnvi and Khushi immerse Sridevi's ashes in Rameswaram. See pic |work=hindustantimes.com |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/boney-kapoor-daughters-jahnvi-and-khushi-immerse-sridevi-s-ashes-in-rameswaram-see-pic/story-w5ogpPmFU9vqlB9cg9I25O.html |url-status=live |access-date=4 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101161827/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/boney-kapoor-daughters-jahnvi-and-khushi-immerse-sridevi-s-ashes-in-rameswaram-see-pic/story-w5ogpPmFU9vqlB9cg9I25O.html |archive-date=1 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Sridevi's Ashes To Be Immersed In Rameswaram Tomorrow |work=NDTV.com |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sridevis-ashes-to-be-immersed-in-rameswaram-tomorrow-1818997 |url-status=live |access-date=4 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303133712/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sridevis-ashes-to-be-immersed-in-rameswaram-tomorrow-1818997 |archive-date=3 March 2018}}</ref>

=== Tributes and reactions ===
The film industry, friends, and fans responded to her death through social and other media outlets. Her husband, Boney Kapoor, wrote: "To the world, she was their ''Chandni'', the actor par excellence, their Sridevi, but to me, she was my love, my friend, mother to our girls, my partner. To our daughters, she was their everything, their life. She was the axis around which our family ran."<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 March 2018 |title=Boney Kapoor: To the world, Sridevi was their Chandni, to me, she was my love, my friend |language=en-US |work=The Indian Express |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sridevi-boney-kapoor-letter-5082494/ |url-status=live |access-date=1 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731154337/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sridevi-boney-kapoor-letter-5082494/ |archive-date=31 July 2018}}</ref> The Prime Minister of India, [[Narendra Modi]] lamented the death of Sridevi. On social media, he stated: "Saddened by the untimely demise of noted actor Sridevi. She was a veteran of the film industry, whose long career included diverse roles and memorable performances. My thoughts are with her family and admirers in this hour of grief. May her soul rest in peace."<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 February 2018 |title=President Ram Nath Kovind, PM Narendra Modi mourn Sridevi's death |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/president-ram-nath-kovind-pm-narendra-modi-mourn-sridevis-death/articleshow/63064675.cms |url-status=live |access-date=28 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618053832/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/president-ram-nath-kovind-pm-narendra-modi-mourn-sridevis-death/articleshow/63064675.cms |archive-date=18 June 2018}}</ref> President [[Ram Nath Kovind]] wrote: "Shocked to hear of passing of movie star Sridevi. She has left millions of fans heartbroken. Her performances in films such as ''Moondram Pirai'', ''Lamhe'' and ''English Vinglish'' remain an inspiration for other actors. My condolences to her family and close associates."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ram Nath Kovind, Narendra Modi mourn Sridevi's death |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ram-nath-kovind-narendra-modi-mourn-sridevis-death/articleshow/63064422.cms |url-status=live |access-date=28 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828133931/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ram-nath-kovind-narendra-modi-mourn-sridevis-death/articleshow/63064422.cms |archive-date=28 August 2018}}</ref>

Many from the film community and Sridevi's close relatives paid homage to her at Celebration Sports Club in [[Lokhandwala Complex|Lokhandwala]] and at her funeral.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 February 2018 |title=Sridevi funeral updates: Bollywood legends, fans in grief as India's first female superstar actress bids adieu |language=en-US |work=The Financial Express |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/entertainment/sridevi-funeral-live-updates-time-venue-video-photos-mumbai-boney-kapoor-arjun-jhanvi-family/1082371/ |url-status=live |access-date=28 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116053359/https://www.financialexpress.com/entertainment/sridevi-funeral-live-updates-time-venue-video-photos-mumbai-boney-kapoor-arjun-jhanvi-family/1082371/ |archive-date=16 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=28 February 2018 |title=Sridevi's last rites: Actress' mortal remains consigned to flames at Mumbai's Vile Parle Crematorium |language=en-US |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india-rip-sridevi-last-rites-prayer-meet-cremation-last-journey-boney-kapoor-fans-celebrities-live-updates-430221 |url-status=live |access-date=28 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618052942/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india-rip-sridevi-last-rites-prayer-meet-cremation-last-journey-boney-kapoor-fans-celebrities-live-updates-430221 |archive-date=18 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Sridevi state funeral news updates: Actor cremated in Mumbai's Vile Parle, Boney Kapoor performed last rites |language=en-US |work=Firstpost |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/sridevi-funeral-news-updates-live-fans-bollywood-celebrities-pay-last-respects-to-actor-at-celebration-sports-club-4370133.html |url-status=live |access-date=28 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525002422/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/sridevi-funeral-news-updates-live-fans-bollywood-celebrities-pay-last-respects-to-actor-at-celebration-sports-club-4370133.html |archive-date=25 May 2019}}</ref> Thousands of fans took to streets to pay their respects. Police had to resort to lathi-charge to control the fans who gathered for the procession from Celebration Sports Complex to the crematorium. The crowd was said to number more than 7,000.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 February 2018 |title=Sridevi's funeral: Police baffled as fans throng in large numbers |language=en |work=www.hindustantimes.com |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/sridevi-s-funeral-police-baffled-as-fans-throng-in-large-numbers/story-Gc42ufbwgZzoKuNb4fk4eP.html |url-status=live |access-date=28 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116055628/https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/sridevi-s-funeral-police-baffled-as-fans-throng-in-large-numbers/story-Gc42ufbwgZzoKuNb4fk4eP.html |archive-date=16 November 2018}}</ref>

Sridevi's funeral is estimated to have attracted the fourth-highest number of mourners, ranking below the three previous biggest funeral processions of non-political film personalities [[Kishore Kumar]], [[Mohammed Rafi]] and [[Rajesh Khanna]] in India from the Hindi film industry.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 March 2018 |title=With lakhs of followers, Sridevi's funeral procession was one of the largest Mumbai had ever witnessed |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/with-lakhs-of-followers-sridevi-s-funeral-procession-was-one-of-the-largest-mumbai-had-ever-witnessed/story-cXcU8w2IhhWKzXXutwQHEJ.html |url-status=live |access-date=6 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306202350/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/with-lakhs-of-followers-sridevi-s-funeral-procession-was-one-of-the-largest-mumbai-had-ever-witnessed/story-cXcU8w2IhhWKzXXutwQHEJ.html |archive-date=6 March 2018}}</ref>

== Legacy and influence ==
Sridevi is highly regarded for her range as an actor, critics have commended, particularly her comedic abilities<ref name="rediff2004" /> and her skills as a dancer.<ref>{{cite web |last=Fernandes |first=Bradley |date=10 March 2015 |title=The Dancing Queens |url=http://www.filmfare.com/features/the-dancing-queens-8595-7.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150421045320/http://www.filmfare.com/features/the-dancing-queens-8595-7.html |archive-date=21 April 2015 |website=Filmfare}}</ref> During the 1980s, Sridevi was the highest-earning woman in the Indian entertainment industry.<ref name="Boxofficeindia.com" /> For her role in ''[[Mr. India (1987 film)|Mr. India]]'' (1987), she was paid a then-unprecedented ₹11 lakhs (equivalent to ₹{{Inflation|index=IN|value=11|start_year=1987}} lakhs in {{Inflation/year|IN}}; ~US${{Inflation|US|1651465|2022|r=-4|fmt=c}} in {{Inflation/year|US}}), making her the highest-paid Indian actress ever when adjusted for inflation.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nahta |first=Komal |date=7 April 2012 |title=The Shocking Truth About Star Prices! |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch-stories/the-shocking-truth-about-star-prices/article1-836965.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121041208/http://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch-stories/the-shocking-truth-about-star-prices/article1-836965.aspx |archive-date=21 January 2015}}</ref> In a 2013 national poll conducted by ''[[CNN-IBN]]'' on the occasion of the centenary of Indian cinema, Sridevi was voted "India's Greatest Actress in 100 Years",<ref>{{cite web |date=14 March 2017 |title=IBN Poll: Sridevi voted greatest Indian actress in 100 years |url=http://www.news18.com/news/india/ibnlive-poll-sridevi-voted-the-greatest-indian-actress-in-100-years-595098.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401055913/http://www.news18.com/news/india/ibnlive-poll-sridevi-voted-the-greatest-indian-actress-in-100-years-595098.html |archive-date=1 April 2017 |access-date=7 March 2013 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=26 February 2018 |title=Bollywood star 'drowned in hotel bath' |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-43196902 |url-status=live |access-date=26 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229174709/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-43196902 |archive-date=29 December 2018}}</ref> and she placed #10 in a UK poll, "100 Greatest Bollywood Stars", in the same year.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 July 2013 |title=Amitabh Bachchan crowned greatest Bollywood star in UK poll |language=en |work=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/amitabh-bachchan-crowned-greatest-bollywood-star-in-uk-poll-171783-2013-07-27 |url-status=live |access-date=25 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818133557/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/amitabh-bachchan-crowned-greatest-bollywood-star-in-uk-poll-171783-2013-07-27 |archive-date=18 August 2019}}</ref> In 2012, Sridevi was placed at No. 2 by ''NDTV'' in the listing of "The most popular Bollywood actresses of all time".<ref>{{cite web |title=Most popular actresses of all time-As Indian cinema completes 100 glorious years, here is a look at the most popular Bollywood actresses of all time based on a poll conducted by NDTV. |url=http://in.movies.yahoo.com/photos/most-popular-actresses-of-all-time-slideshow/most-popular-actresses-of-all-time-photo-1339488686.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616023801/http://in.movies.yahoo.com/photos/most-popular-actresses-of-all-time-slideshow/most-popular-actresses-of-all-time-photo-1339488686.html |archive-date=16 June 2012 |access-date=24 April 2020 |publisher=Yahoo! India Movies}}</ref> Sridevi featured in Box Office India's ''Top Actresses'' list from 1983 to 1993 and topped of the list five times (1987 to 1991).<ref>{{cite web |title=Top Actresses |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actress |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104144753/http://boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actress |archive-date=4 January 2012 |access-date=24 April 2020 |publisher=BoxOfficeIndia}}</ref>

An epitaph in ''[[Firstpost]]'' pointed out that Sridevi had been sufficiently important as an actor to be able to refuse parts in movies,<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 February 2018 |title=Sridevi is Bollywood's irreplaceable superstar: Why there can never be anyone like the talented actor' |work=First Post |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/sridevi-is-bollywoods-irreplaceable-superstar-why-there-can-never-be-anyone-like-the-talented-actor-4366115.html |url-status=live |access-date=25 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225150016/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/sridevi-is-bollywoods-irreplaceable-superstar-why-there-can-never-be-anyone-like-the-talented-actor-4366115.html |archive-date=25 February 2018}}</ref> and ''[[The News Minute]]'' called her "a pathbreaker in many ways".<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 February 2018 |title=Rise of the female superstar: How Sridevi delivered early blows to the glass ceiling |work=The News Minute |url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/rise-female-superstar-how-sridevi-delivered-early-blows-glass-ceiling-77009 |url-status=live |access-date=25 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116025341/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/rise-female-superstar-how-sridevi-delivered-early-blows-glass-ceiling-77009 |archive-date=16 November 2018}}</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'' called her "the undisputed queen of Indian Cinema".<ref name="Guardian" />

{{quote box|width=25em|align=right|quote="If Sridevi had no other identity beyond the films that she did, the audiences probably have no concept of films in India without her.
Irrespective of the era you were born in or the actors you liked, the cosmos of Hindi film fans is divided into two distinctive groups of those like Sridevi and the others. Unlike most other iconic stars that, in a way, took over from their predecessors, Sridevi never really replaced anyone and perhaps it is this aspect that makes her unique and peerless."|source=–''[[Firstpost]]'' on the influence of Sridevi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 February 2018 |title=Sridevi is Bollywood's irreplaceable superstar: Why there can never be anyone like the talented actor |work=First Post |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/sridevi-is-bollywoods-irreplaceable-superstar-why-there-can-never-be-anyone-like-the-talented-actor-4366115.html |url-status=live |access-date=25 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225150016/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/sridevi-is-bollywoods-irreplaceable-superstar-why-there-can-never-be-anyone-like-the-talented-actor-4366115.html |archive-date=25 February 2018}}</ref>
{{sfn|Longworth|2013|p=7}}}}
Film critic [[Sukanya Verma]] described Sridevi as "one-of-a-kind". She wrote, "Sridevi's biggest plus point is her ability to be completely uninhibited in front of the camera."<ref>{{cite web |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |date=2 December 2004 |title=What do Sridevi, Kajol and Preity have in common? |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/dec/02corner.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517173328/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/dec/02corner.htm |archive-date=17 May 2013 |access-date=24 April 2020 |publisher=Rediff}}</ref> Sridevi is cited by media publications as a fashion icon. Her taste in clothes was varied and ranged from stylish casual to opulently majestic. She made her debut as a [[fashion model]] in 2008. The actress modelled clothes for designers Priya and Chintan at the [[Lakme Fashion Week]].<ref>{{cite web|work=Hindustan Times|title=Sridevi oozes oomph|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/photos-news/Photos-Entertainment/sridevi/Article4-302135.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061601/http://www.hindustantimes.com/photos-news/Photos-Entertainment/sridevi/Article4-302135.aspx|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref> The next year, she displayed the work of jewellery designer Queenie Dhodhy at the HDIL India Couture Week.<ref>{{cite web|work=Rediff|title=Couture Week: Sridevi dazzles at Queenie's show|url=http://getahead.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/oct/13/slide-show-1-glamour-hdil-sridevi-showstops-for-queenie-dhody.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061117/http://getahead.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/oct/13/slide-show-1-glamour-hdil-sridevi-showstops-for-queenie-dhody.htm|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref> She worked at Lakme Fashion Week again in 2010,{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}} and at Delhi Couture Week 2012, showing clothes designed by [[Sabyasachi Mukherjee]].<ref>{{cite web|work=NDTV|title=Sridevi walks the ramp for Sabyasachi|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/sridevi-walks-the-ramp-for-sabyasachi-254138|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061445/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/sridevi-walks-the-ramp-for-sabyasachi-254138|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref>

She has also appeared on the cover of several fashion magazines. In 2007, she was featured on the cover of ''Hi Blitz'' with the tagline "The Goddess Returns".<ref>{{cite web|work=Social Dabba|title=Sridevi on the cover of Hi Blitz Magazine|url=http://socialdhabba.com/photos/Cover-Queen-Sridevi-Recent-magazine-covers-of-Sridevi/Sridevi-on-the-cover-of-Hi-Blitz-Magazine|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221174617/http://socialdhabba.com/photos/Cover-Queen-Sridevi-Recent-magazine-covers-of-Sridevi/Sridevi-on-the-cover-of-Hi-Blitz-Magazine|archive-date=21 February 2014}}</ref> In 2011, she featured on the cover of ''[[Marie Claire]]'',{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}} and in 2012, she was on the cover of ''[[L'Officiel]]''.<ref>{{cite web|website=MissMalini.com|title=Get This Look: Sridevi in Burberry on the Cover of L'Officiel|date=2 January 2013 |url=http://www.missmalini.com/2013/01/02/get-this-look-sridevi-in-burberry-on-the-cover-of-lofficiel/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060842/http://www.missmalini.com/2013/01/02/get-this-look-sridevi-in-burberry-on-the-cover-of-lofficiel/|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref> In 2013, Sridevi appeared on the cover of ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'', which was mentioned in ''[[Hindustan Times]]'',<ref>{{cite web|work=Hindustan Times|title=Sridevi sizzles for Vogue India|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/photos-news/photos-entertainment/sridevi-vogueindia/Article4.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130912034946/http://www.hindustantimes.com/photos-news/Photos-Entertainment/sridevi-vogueindia/Article4.aspx|archive-date=12 September 2013}}</ref> ''[[The Times of India]]'',<ref>{{cite web|title=Sridevi turns it on at 50|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Sridevi-turns-it-on-at-50/articleshow/21573276.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807035838/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-03/news-interviews/41032586_1_actress-sridevi-kamal-haasan-rajinikanth|archive-date=7 August 2013|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> and ''[[India Today]]''.<ref>{{cite web|work=India Today|title=Is she really 49? Sridevi looks drop dead gorgeous in a magazine's photoshoot|date=7 August 2013 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/photo/sridevi-vogue-photoshoot-370383-2013-08-07|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921105450/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/gallery/sridevi-vogue-photoshoot/1/9920.html|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref>

Sridevi received the 'Ultimate Diva' award at the Ciroc Filmfare Glamour & Style Awards in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Filmfare Glamour & Style Awards|url=http://awards.filmfare.com/glamourandstyle/?page_id=4|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415083244/http://awards.filmfare.com/glamourandstyle/?page_id=4|archive-date=15 April 2015|publisher=awards.filmfare.com}}</ref>

Sridevi's performances, acting style and technique have been influential and have inspired numerous actresses including [[Divya Bharti]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title="She is better than me", said Divya Bharti when compared to Sridevi - watch video - Bollywood News & Gossip, Movie Reviews, Trailers & Videos at Bollywoodlife.com |url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/sridevi-death-when-divya-bharti-was-asked-how-does-it-feel-to-be-compared-to-sridevi-watch-video-1166513/ |access-date=20 January 2025 |website=Bollywood Life |language=en}}</ref> [[Juhi Chawla]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/juhi-chawla-it-will-be-a-lifetime-when-an-artist-like-sri-devi-comes-again-she-was-just-something-else/articleshow/81191503.cms|title=Juhi Chawla: It will be a lifetime when an artist like Sri Devi comes again; She was just something else|work=The Times of India|date=24 February 2021|access-date=16 March 2024|archive-date=17 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317051332/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/juhi-chawla-it-will-be-a-lifetime-when-an-artist-like-sri-devi-comes-again-she-was-just-something-else/articleshow/81191503.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Karisma Kapoor]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/karisma-kapoor-gets-emotional-as-she-remembers-sridevi-on-zeros-release-31813.html|title=Karisma Kapoor gets emotional as she remembers Sridevi on Zero's release|work=Filmfare|date=21 December 2018|access-date=16 March 2024|archive-date=17 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317051332/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/karisma-kapoor-gets-emotional-as-she-remembers-sridevi-on-zeros-release-31813.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Kajol]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/kajol-writes-foreword-of-sridevi-the-eternal-screen-goddess/story-RhAwG8JO9GZWSbb01U0OxI.html|title=Kajol writes foreword of Sridevi: The Eternal Screen Goddess|work=Hindustan Times|date=27 September 2019|access-date=16 March 2024|archive-date=19 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319211728/https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/kajol-writes-foreword-of-sridevi-the-eternal-screen-goddess/story-RhAwG8JO9GZWSbb01U0OxI.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Rani Mukerji]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/rani-mukerji-gets-emotional-about-sridevi-she-used-to-be-like-a-queen-i-deeply-miss-her/story-MSOagZ9aOVMs7GUy93vNdL.html|title=Rani Mukerji gets emotional about Sridevi: She used to be like a queen, I deeply miss her|work=Hindustan Times|date=13 September 2018|access-date=16 March 2024|archive-date=17 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317051333/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/rani-mukerji-gets-emotional-about-sridevi-she-used-to-be-like-a-queen-i-deeply-miss-her/story-MSOagZ9aOVMs7GUy93vNdL.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Preity Zinta]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/preity-zinta-s-heartbroken-she-couldn-t-say-goodbye-to-sridevi-right-now-a-part-of-my-childhood-burns-into-ashes/story-qujK5Mt0E4KLniNzLDVzdI.html|title=Preity Zinta's heartbroken she couldn't say goodbye to Sridevi: Right now a part of my childhood burns into ashes|work=Hindustan Times|date=28 February 2018|access-date=16 March 2024|archive-date=17 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317051332/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/preity-zinta-s-heartbroken-she-couldn-t-say-goodbye-to-sridevi-right-now-a-part-of-my-childhood-burns-into-ashes/story-qujK5Mt0E4KLniNzLDVzdI.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Kareena Kapoor Khan]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/kareena-kapoor-says-she-watched-sridevi-s-chaalbaaz-at-least-35-times-is-dying-to-do-a-double-role-see-pics/story-0rtiGEpF9OvlGrqHwEiIRO.html|title=Kareena Kapoor says she watched Sridevi's Chaalbaaz 'at least 35 times', is dying to do a double role. See pics|work=Hindustan Times|date=31 July 2019|access-date=17 March 2024|archive-date=17 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317051332/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/kareena-kapoor-says-she-watched-sridevi-s-chaalbaaz-at-least-35-times-is-dying-to-do-a-double-role-see-pics/story-0rtiGEpF9OvlGrqHwEiIRO.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Priyanka Chopra Jonas]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/priyanka-chopra-jonas-opens-up-about-her-love-for-sridevi-47509.html|title=Priyanka Chopra Jonas opens up about her love for Sridevi|work=Filmfare|date=9 April 2021|access-date=17 March 2024|archive-date=17 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317051332/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/priyanka-chopra-jonas-opens-up-about-her-love-for-sridevi-47509.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Katrina Kaif]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/katrina-kaif-reflects-on-sridevis-dancing-skills/articleshow/61663557.cms|title=Katrina Kaif reflects on Sridevi's dancing skills|work=Mumbai Mirror|date=16 November 2017|access-date=17 March 2024|archive-date=17 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317051332/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/katrina-kaif-reflects-on-sridevis-dancing-skills/articleshow/61663557.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Vidya Balan]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/sridevis-funeral-aishwarya-rai-bachchan-sushmita-sen-tabu-arrive-to-pay-their-last-respects-1674613.html|title=Sridevi's Funeral: Aishwarya Rai Bachchan, Deepika Padukone & Shahid-Mira Pay Their Last Respects|work=News18|date=1 March 2018|access-date=17 March 2024|archive-date=17 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317051332/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/sridevis-funeral-aishwarya-rai-bachchan-sushmita-sen-tabu-arrive-to-pay-their-last-respects-1674613.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Anushka Shetty]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.sakshipost.com/when-anushka-shetty-met-sridevi|title=When Anushka Shetty met Sridevi|work=Sakshi Post|date=26 February 2018|access-date=26 March 2025|archive-date=26 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250326033145/https://www.sakshipost.com/when-anushka-shetty-met-sridevi|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deepika Padukone]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-we-connected-so-well-deepika-padukone-reveals-her-last-conversation-with-sridevi-2804391|title='We connected so well': Deepika Padukone reveals her last conversation with Sridevi|work=DNA India|date=4 December 2019|access-date=17 March 2024|archive-date=17 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317051332/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-we-connected-so-well-deepika-padukone-reveals-her-last-conversation-with-sridevi-2804391|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Alia Bhatt]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/alia-bhatt-sridevi-death-was-devastating-for-me-i-could-not-stop-crying-1328430-2018-08-31|title=Alia Bhatt: Sridevi's death was devastating. I could not stop crying|work=India Today|date=31 August 2018|access-date=17 March 2024|archive-date=17 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317051332/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/alia-bhatt-sridevi-death-was-devastating-for-me-i-could-not-stop-crying-1328430-2018-08-31|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Soumitrisha Kundu]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Kanji |first=Subhasmita |date=24 September 2023 |title=Soumitrisha Kundu: 'She is my idol', who did Soumitrisha Kundu talk about while dancing on hills like Bollywood heroines? |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/soumitrisha-kundu-says-sreedevi-is-her-idol-31695561403174.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=24 September 2023 |language=bn |archive-date=7 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107212150/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/soumitrisha-kundu-says-sreedevi-is-her-idol-31695561403174.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> who have cited her as an inspiration. In a piece for ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]] magazine'', Priyanka Chopra wrote, "Everyone wanted her and wanted to be like her. She could be childlike, grown-up, funny, serious, beguiling, sexy—she was the ultimate actor. [...] She was my childhood, and one of the big reasons I became an actor."<ref name="Time">{{Cite magazine |last=Chopra |first=Priyanka |date=4 January 2012 |title=How Priyanka Chopra Remembers Bollywood Icon Sridevi Kapoor |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/priyanka-chopra-remembers-bollywood-icon-141525596.html?guccounter=1 |url-status=live |magazine=Time |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218142459/https://www.yahoo.com/news/priyanka-chopra-remembers-bollywood-icon-141525596.html?guccounter=1 |archive-date=18 February 2019 |access-date=6 July 2016}}</ref>

Sridevi is one of the very few actors who was praised by her veterans, peers and the next generation actors alike. Senior actress [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] called Sridevi "an icon of South Indian film industry".<ref>{{cite web |title=Sridevi dies at 54: Rajinikanth, Kamal Haasan, K Raghavendra Rao and other Tollywood celebs mourn death|date=25 February 2018|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/regional-cinema-sridevi-dies-at-54-rajinikanth-kamal-haasan-k-raghavendra-rao-tollywood-celebs-mourn-death-429835|url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180225111624/https://www.indiatvnews.com/amp/entertainment/regional-cinema-sridevi-dies-at-54-rajinikanth-kamal-haasan-k-raghavendra-rao-tollywood-celebs-mourn-death-429835|archive-date=25 Feb 2018 |access-date=27 March 2025}}</ref> Actor [[Salman Khan]] mentioned that the actress was "bigger than Khans, Kapoors and Kumars".<ref>{{cite web |title=Salman says Sridevi is much bigger than Khans, Kapoors and Kumars |date=14 March 2017|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood-salman-says-sridevi-is-much-bigger-than-khans-kapoors-and-kumars-372433 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427223154/http://m.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood-salman-says-sridevi-is-much-bigger-than-khans-kapoors-and-kumars-372433 |archive-date=27 April 2017 |access-date=27 March 2025}}</ref> Commenting on her acting style, actor [[Shah Rukh Khan]] noted that she was a "complete artiste", and that "he had learnt a lot from her". "You know she has this whole process of being able to see herself while she is performing", he said.<ref>{{cite web |title=When Shah Rukh Khan said that Sridevi 'could see herself while performing': 'She is a complete artiste'|date=28 September 2022|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/when-shah-rukh-khan-said-that-sridevi-could-see-herself-while-performing-8179000/lite/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928161758/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/when-shah-rukh-khan-said-that-sridevi-could-see-herself-while-performing-8179000/ |archive-date=28 September 2022|access-date=27 March 2025}}</ref>

In the Telugu biopic ''[[NTR: Kathanayakudu]]'', Sridevi was portrayed by [[Rakul Preet Singh]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Presenting Rakul Preet Singh As Sridevi In NTR Biopic |date=10 October 2018 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/presenting-rakul-preet-singh-as-sridevi-in-ntr-biopic-1929840 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010144505/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/presenting-rakul-preet-singh-as-sridevi-in-ntr-biopic-1929840 |archive-date=10 October 2018 |access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref>

In a highly exceptional move, the actress became one of the few people from the [[Entertainment industry in India|Indian entertainment industry]] to be accorded with full [[State funeral#India|state honours]] usually reserved only for current and former prime ministers, union and state ministers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sridevi funeral LIVE updates: Actor cremated with state honours, husband Boney Kapoor performs last rites |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/entertainment/bollywood/sridevi-funeral-live-updates-actor-begins-her-last-journey-draped-in-tricolour/ar-BBJGggH?li=AAggbRN |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116073506/https://www.msn.com/en-in/entertainment/bollywood/sridevi-funeral-live-updates-actor-begins-her-last-journey-draped-in-tricolour/ar-BBJGggH?li=AAggbRN |archive-date=16 November 2018 |access-date=4 March 2018 |website=www.msn.com |language=en-IN}}</ref> Sridevi was included in 2018 ''In Memoriam'' section during the [[90th Academy Awards]] ceremony.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |title=The Oscars in Memoriam 2018 |url=http://oscar.go.com/photos/2018/oscars-in-memoriam-2018-photos/a8ed9da01570da88cc2374da86383cfce5175dfa11bcc4577de8d7e1b9b880d9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305202710/http://oscar.go.com/photos/2018/oscars-in-memoriam-2018-photos/a8ed9da01570da88cc2374da86383cfce5175dfa11bcc4577de8d7e1b9b880d9 |archive-date=5 March 2018 |publisher=oscar.go.com}}</ref> On the occasion of Sridevi's birthday on 13 August 2019, Madame Tussauds Singapore has announced that a wax statue would soon be dedicated to her.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sridevi's first wax statue in Singapore Madame Tussauds, unveiled by Boney Kapoor with daughters Janhvi and Khushi. |work=Celebskart |url=https://www.celebskart.com/sridevis-first-wax-statue-in-singapore-madame-tussauds-unveiled-by-boney-kapoor-with-daughters-janhvi-and-khushi/ |url-status=live |access-date=4 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904110341/https://www.celebskart.com/sridevis-first-wax-statue-in-singapore-madame-tussauds-unveiled-by-boney-kapoor-with-daughters-janhvi-and-khushi/ |archive-date=4 September 2019}}</ref> The statue is a replica of Sridevi's look in the iconic song, "Hawaa Hawaai" from ''Mr. India''. Her daughters, Janhvi Kapoor and Khushi Kapoor were present at the ceremony accompanied by her husband, producer Boney Kapoor.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 September 2019 |title=Boney Kapoor breaks down at Sridevi's wax statue unveiling at Madame Tussauds Singapore with Janhvi Kapoor, Khushi |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/boney-kapoor-breaks-down-at-sridevi-s-wax-statue-unveiling-at-madame-tussauds-singapore-with-janhvi-kapoor-khushi/story-3QwN4nM01Q4dmFenw4r64M.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224204825/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/boney-kapoor-breaks-down-at-sridevi-s-wax-statue-unveiling-at-madame-tussauds-singapore-with-janhvi-kapoor-khushi/story-3QwN4nM01Q4dmFenw4r64M.html |archive-date=24 December 2019 |access-date=21 December 2019 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

In 2018, author and journalist [[Lalita Iyer]] wrote a biography on her.<ref name="hindustantimes">{{cite news |last1=Hasan |first1=Lamat R |title=A fan's tribute to the superstar who went away too soon |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/review-sridevi-queen-of-hearts-by-lalita-iyer/story-eGDIJDgaG1VDoJCvMjo9gP.html |access-date=27 July 2023 |work=Hindustan Times |date=8 March 2019 |language=en |archive-date=16 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016225941/https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/review-sridevi-queen-of-hearts-by-lalita-iyer/story-eGDIJDgaG1VDoJCvMjo9gP.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2019, author and screenwriter [[Satyarth Nayak]] wrote a biography of Sridevi.<ref name="timesnow">{{cite web |work=TimesNow |title=Satyarth Nayak to write a book on legendary actor Sridevi |date=13 August 2019 |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/people/article/satyarth-nayak-to-write-a-book-on-legendary-actor-sridevi-will-title-it-sridevi-girl-woman-superstar/468120 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427092951/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/people/article/satyarth-nayak-to-write-a-book-on-legendary-actor-sridevi-will-title-it-sridevi-girl-woman-superstar/468120 |archive-date=27 April 2021 |access-date=8 July 2020}}</ref> The book, ''[[Sridevi: The Eternal Screen Goddess]]'', was published by [[Penguin Random House]]. It received positive reviews in ''[[The Times of India]]''<ref name="TimesOfIndia">{{cite news |title=Micro review: 'Sridevi: The Eternal Screen Goddess' by Satyarth Nayak |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=4 January 2020 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/reviews/micro-review-sridevi-the-eternal-screen-goddess-by-satyarth-nayak/articleshow/73081611.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406170017/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/reviews/micro-review-sridevi-the-eternal-screen-goddess-by-satyarth-nayak/articleshow/73081611.cms |archive-date=6 April 2020 |access-date=8 July 2020}}</ref> and ''[[The Hindu]]'',<ref name="TheHindu">{{Cite news |last=Krishnan |first=Ramya |date=14 March 2020 |title='Sridevi, The Eternal Screen Goddess' review: Chronicle of a distant life |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/sridevi-the-eternal-screen-goddess-review-chronicle-of-a-distant-life/article31050159.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623082739/https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/sridevi-the-eternal-screen-goddess-review-chronicle-of-a-distant-life/article31050159.ece |archive-date=23 June 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=8 July 2020}}</ref> and was also reviewed in ''[[India Today]]'',<ref name="IndiaToday">{{Cite magazine |last=Singh |first=Jai Arjun |date=6 June 2020 |title=Requiem for Her Dream |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/leisure/story/20200615-requiem-for-her-dream-1685862-2020-06-06 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711180945/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/leisure/story/20200615-requiem-for-her-dream-1685862-2020-06-06 |archive-date=11 July 2020 |magazine=India Today |access-date=8 July 2020}}</ref> ''[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]'',<ref name="theweek">{{cite web |work=The Week |title=Decoding an enigma |url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/leisure/2020/06/12/decoding-an-enigma.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712085529/https://www.theweek.in/theweek/leisure/2020/06/12/decoding-an-enigma.html |archive-date=12 July 2020 |access-date=8 July 2020}}</ref> ''[[Mid-Day]]'',<ref name="MidDay">{{Cite news |last=Shekhar |first=Mayank |date= 26 February 2020 |title=Mystique That Lives On Still |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/mystique-that-lives-on-still/22641273 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226184624/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/mystique-that-lives-on-still/22641273 |archive-date=26 February 2020 |work=[[Mid-Day]] |access-date=8 July 2020}}</ref> ''[[Vogue India]]'',<ref name="VogueIndia">{{Cite magazine |last=Agarwal |first=Mihika |date=23 February 2020 |title=Sridevi's biography shares a rare insight into the late Bollywood actor's life |url=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/sridevi-biography-special-excerpt-bollywood-celebrities |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704133627/https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/sridevi-biography-special-excerpt-bollywood-celebrities |archive-date=4 July 2020 |magazine=Vogue India |access-date=8 July 2020}}</ref> and ''[[Firstpost]]''.<ref name="firstpost">{{Cite news |last=Chintamani |first=Gautam |date=7 February 2020 |title=Adulatory but insightful, Satyarth Nayak's biography of Sridevi goes deep into the world of the late superstar |url=https://www.firstpost.com/living/adulatory-but-insightful-satyarth-nayaks-biography-of-sridevi-goes-deep-into-the-world-of-the-late-superstar-8007961.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427092907/https://www.firstpost.com/living/adulatory-but-insightful-satyarth-nayaks-biography-of-sridevi-goes-deep-into-the-world-of-the-late-superstar-8007961.html |archive-date=27 April 2021 |work=Firstpost |access-date=8 July 2020}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{Main|Sridevi filmography}}

== Awards and honours ==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|-
!Year
!Notable work
!Award
!Category
!Result
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="1" |1971
|''[[Poompatta (film)|Poombatta]]''
|[[Kerala State Film Awards]]
|[[Kerala State Film Award for Best Child Artist|Best Child Artist]]
|{{Won}}
|<ref name="news15" />
|-
|1976
|''[[Moondru Mudichu]]''
| rowspan="7" |[[Filmfare Awards South]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Best Actress – Tamil]]
|{{Nom}}
|<ref name="books.google.com">{{cite web |date=21 May 1980 |title=The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's who |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W4XiAAAAMAAJ&q=Sridevi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711165637/https://books.google.com/books?id=W4XiAAAAMAAJ&q=Sridevi |archive-date=11 July 2021 |access-date=21 November 2020 |via=Google Books}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |1977
| rowspan="2" |''[[16 Vayathinile]]''
|{{Nom}}
|<ref name="books.google.com" />
|-
|[[Filmfare Special Award – South|Special Award]]
|{{Won}}
|<ref name="books.google.com" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |1978
|''[[Sigappu Rojakkal]]''
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Best Actress – Tamil]]
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|''[[Padaharella Vayasu]]''
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|1979
|[[Karthika Deepam (film)|''Karthika Deepam'']]
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|1980
|''[[Varumayin Niram Sivappu]]''
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Best Actress – Tamil]]
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1981
|''[[Moondram Pirai]]''
|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]
|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|{{Won}}
| rowspan="7" |<ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=24 April 2014 |title=Sridevi's Awards |url=https://www.angelfire.com/sk/Sridevi1/awards.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424005742/http://www.angelfire.com/sk/Sridevi1/awards.html |archive-date=24 April 2014 |access-date=13 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
|[[Premabhishekam (1981 film)|Premabhishekam]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
|{{Nom}}
|-
|1982
|''[[Meendum Kokila]]''
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Best Actress – Tamil]]
|{{Won}}
|-
|1983
|''[[Moondram Pirai]]''
|{{Nom}}
|-
|1984
|''[[Sadma]]''
|rowspan="3" |[[Filmfare Awards]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|{{Nom}}
|-
|1986
|[[Nagina (1986 film)|''Nagina'']]
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Special Award|Special Award]]
| {{Won}}
|-
|1987
|[[Mr. India (1987 film)|''Mr. India'']]
| {{Won}}
|-
|1988
|''[[Aakhari Poratam]]''
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
|{{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |1990
|''[[ChaalBaaz]]''
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Awards]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|{{Won}}
|-
|''[[Chandni (1989 film)|Chandni]]''
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|[[Jagadeka Veerudu Athiloka Sundari]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Awards South]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1991
| rowspan="2" |''[[Kshana Kshanam]]''
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 February 2017 |title=39th Annual Filmfare Telugu Best Music Film Actress Winners : santosh… |work=archive.is |url=https://archive.org/details/39thAnnualFilmfareTeluguBestMusicFilmActressWinners |url-status=dead |access-date=13 April 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170207134537/https://archive.org/details/39thAnnualFilmfareTeluguBestMusicFilmActressWinners |archive-date=7 February 2017}}</ref>
|-
|[[Nandi Awards]]
|[[Nandi Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|{{Won}}
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|1992
|''[[Lamhe]]''
|rowspan=5|[[Filmfare Awards]]
|rowspan=5|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|{{Won}}
| rowspan="4" |<ref name=":0" />
|-
|1993
|''[[Khuda Gawah]]''
|{{Nom}}
|-
|1994
|''[[Gumrah (1993 film)|Gumrah]]''
|{{Nom}}
|-
|1995
|''[[Laadla (1994 film)|Laadla]]''
|{{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |1998
| rowspan="2" |''[[Judaai (1997 film)|Judaai]]''
|{{Nom}}
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Screen Awards]]
|[[Screen Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan="12" | 2013
| rowspan="12" |''[[English Vinglish]]''
| [[Filmfare Awards]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|{{Nom}}
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|Screen Awards
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|[[Zee Cine Awards]]
|[[Zee Cine Critics Award for Best Actor – Female|Best Actress (Jury's Choice)]]
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Apsara Awards|Star Guild Awards]]
|[[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|Best Actress]]
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|President Honor
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Star Guild Awards |website=[[YouTube]] |date=12 September 2013 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8TWCBmhdHGs |access-date=10 November 2022 |archive-date=10 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110184259/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8TWCBmhdHGs |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
|[[IIFA Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|[[BIG Star Entertainment Awards]]
|Most Entertaining Actress in a Social – Drama Film
|{{Won}}
|{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}
|-
|[[Stardust Awards]]
|[[Stardust Award for Best Actress in a Drama|Best Actress – Drama]]
|{{Won}}
|{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}
|-
|Hello Magazine Hall of Fame Awards
|Outstanding Performance of the Year
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Hello Hall of fame awards |website=[[YouTube]] |date=26 December 2012 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OWpeUGsHswU |access-date=26 December 2012 |archive-date=27 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227131245/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OWpeUGsHswU&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[NDTV Indian of the Year]]
|Entertainer of the Year
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |title=NDTV Indian of the year Award |date=18 December 2012 |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/ndtv-indian-of-the-year-kareena-sridevi-hailed-for-entert-7308.html?page=1 |access-date=16 April 2013 |archive-date=12 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112193946/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/ndtv-indian-of-the-year-kareena-sridevi-hailed-for-entert-7308.html?page=1 |url-status=live |last1=News |first1=India TV }}</ref>
|-
|IRDS
|Best Performance
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |date=2 November 2013 |title=Indiantelevision.com > All About Cinema... > OMG, Paan Singh Tomar receive awards for spreading social messages |url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/aac/y2k13/aac44.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102222315/http://www.indiantelevision.com/aac/y2k13/aac44.php |archive-date=2 November 2013 |access-date=13 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
|Jagran Film Festival
|Best Actress
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2015 |title=Jagran Film Festival 2013: Manoj Kumar Receives Lifetime Achievement Award [Winners List+PHOTOS] |website=[[International Business Times]] |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/jagran-film-festival-2013-manoj-kumar-receives-lifetime-achievement-award-winners-listphotos-510204 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924120731/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/jagran-film-festival-2013-manoj-kumar-receives-lifetime-achievement-award-winners-listphotos-510204 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=13 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="12" |2018
| rowspan="11" |''[[Mom (film)|Mom]]''
| rowspan="2" |[[Zee Cine Awards]]
|[[Zee Cine Critics Award for Best Actor – Female|Best Actress (Jury's Choice)]]
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 December 2017 |title=Zee Cine Awards 2018 complete winners list: Secret Superstar, Golmaal Again and Toilet Ek Prem Katha win big |language=en-US |work=The Indian Express |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/zee-cine-awards-2018-winners-list-alia-bhatt-varun-dhawan-akshay-kumar-4990849/ |url-status=live |access-date=13 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226130700/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/zee-cine-awards-2018-winners-list-alia-bhatt-varun-dhawan-akshay-kumar-4990849/ |archive-date=26 December 2017}}</ref>
|-
|Best Actress (Viewer's Choice)
|{{Nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web |title=2018 Archives – Zee Cine Awards |url=http://www.zeecineawards.com/timeline/2018/winners/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231212032/http://www.zeecineawards.com/timeline/2018/winners/ |archive-date=31 December 2017 |access-date=14 April 2018 |website=Zee Cine Awards |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[Screen Awards]]
|Best Actress
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|GQ Awards India
|Excellence in Acting
|{{Won}}
|{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
|-
|Lux Golden Rose Awards
|Power Packed of the Year
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Lux Power Packed of the year |work=The Indian Express |date=11 December 2017 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/lux-golden-rose-awards-2017-winners-list-deepika-padukone-alia-bhatt-kareena-kapoor-khan-photos-video-srk-4977417/ |access-date=11 December 2017 |archive-date=12 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212031548/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/lux-golden-rose-awards-2017-winners-list-deepika-padukone-alia-bhatt-kareena-kapoor-khan-photos-video-srk-4977417/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|Masala! Awards Dubai
|Outstanding Performance
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Masala! Awards 2017 |newspaper=Masala.com |date=14 December 2017 |url=https://www.masala.com/gallery/masala-awards-2017-winners-on-stage-255011 |access-date=14 December 2017 |archive-date=10 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110184300/https://www.masala.com/gallery/masala-awards-2017-winners-on-stage-255011 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Awards]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|{{Nom}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Filmfare Awards 2018 Nominations {{!}} 63rd Filmfare Awards 2018 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2018/nominations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715124831/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2018/nominations?year=2017 |archive-date=15 July 2019 |access-date=14 April 2018 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress|Best Actress (Critics)]]
|{{Nom}}
|-
|Bollywood Film Journalists Awards
|Best Actress
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Final vote count |url=http://www.powerbrands360.com/images/bollywoodawards/FinalVoteCount.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711165636/https://www.powerbrands360.com/images/bollywoodawards/FinalVoteCount.pdf |archive-date=11 July 2021 |access-date=21 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
|[[National Film Awards]]
|[[National Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=National Film Awards 2018 complete winners list: Sridevi named Best Actress; Newton is Best Hindi Film |language=en-US |work=Firstpost |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/national-film-awards-2018-complete-winners-list-sridevi-named-best-actress-newton-is-best-hindi-film-4429915.html |url-status=live |access-date=13 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413192729/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/national-film-awards-2018-complete-winners-list-sridevi-named-best-actress-newton-is-best-hindi-film-4429915.html |archive-date=13 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|[[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
|[[IIFA Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |last=Shiksha |first=Shruti |date=25 June 2018 |title=IIFA Awards 2018: Tumhari Sulu, Sridevi And Irrfan Khan – Complete List Of Winners |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/iifa-awards-2018-tumhari-sulu-sridevi-and-irrfan-khan-complete-list-of-winners-1872575 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625075418/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/iifa-awards-2018-tumhari-sulu-sridevi-and-irrfan-khan-complete-list-of-winners-1872575 |archive-date=25 June 2018 |access-date=26 July 2018 |website=NDTV}}</ref>
|-
|{{N/A}}
|Honorary Award
|{{Won|Honoured}}
|
|-
|2019
|{{N/A}}
|[[Filmfare Awards]]
|[[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award|Lifetime Achievement Award]]
|{{Won|Honoured}}
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/filmfare-awards-2019-best-moments-sridevi-feted-with-lifetime-achievement-award-alia-declares-love-for-ranbir-6316561.html|title=Filmfare Awards 2019 best moments: Sridevi feted with Lifetime Achievement award; Alia declares love for Ranbir|work=Firstpost|date=24 March 2019|access-date=16 March 2024|archive-date=17 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317001405/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/filmfare-awards-2019-best-moments-sridevi-feted-with-lifetime-achievement-award-alia-declares-love-for-ranbir-6316561.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|—
|[[Filmfare Awards]]
|[[Cine Icon Awards (1980s)]]
|{{Won|honored}}
|[https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/amp-stories/cine-icons-honoured-at-70th-hyundai-filmfare-awards-2025-with-gujarat-tourism-78412.amp]
|}

=== Civilian awards ===
[[File:The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Padma Shree Award to Smt. Sridevi Kapoor, at an Investiture Ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on April 05, 2013.jpg|thumb|President [[Pranab Mukherjee]] presenting the [[Padma Shri]] award to Sridevi, at an investiture ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on 5 April 2013]]
* 1991 – "Order of [[Republic of Afghanistan (1978-1992)|Afghanistan]]" for ''[[Khuda Gawah]]''<ref>{{cite news |last=Roy |first=Gitanjali |date=27 August 2013 |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-on-shooting-khuda-gawah-in-afghanistan-613598 |title=Amitabh Bachchan on shooting Khuda Gawah in Afghanistan |work=NDTV |access-date=19 June 2022 |archive-date=1 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301044413/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-on-shooting-khuda-gawah-in-afghanistan-613598 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 2013 – [[Padma Shri]] – India's fourth-highest civilian award from the [[Government of India]]<ref name="Sridevi receives Padma Shri award" />

=== Special honours ===
* 1990 – Smita Patil Memorial Award for her contribution to Indian Cinema<ref>{{cite web |date=12 September 2012 |title=Photo Gallery |url=http://www.priyadarshniacademy.com/smita-patil-memorial-awards/smita-patil-award2.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912033149/http://www.priyadarshniacademy.com/smita-patil-memorial-awards/smita-patil-award2.html |archive-date=12 September 2012 |access-date=13 April 2018}}</ref>
* 1997 – Kalasaraswathi Award by the [[government of Andhra Pradesh]]<ref>{{cite web |date=12 August 2010 |title=AP honours Sridevi, Madhuri |url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/19971124/32850403.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100812025818/http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/19971124/32850403.html |archive-date=12 August 2010 |access-date=13 April 2018}}</ref>
* 2003 – Lachchu Maharaj Award<ref>{{cite web |date=13 February 2016 |title=Straight Answers |website=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/lucknow-times/straight-answers/articleshow/164401.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213100934/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/lucknow-times/straight-answers/articleshow/164401.cms |archive-date=13 February 2016 |access-date=13 April 2018}}</ref>
* 2003 – Vamsee International Award for her contribution in Indian Cinema<ref>{{cite web |date=22 January 2013 |title=Sridevi – Indian Actress Sridevi Biography – Sridevi Life History – Works of Sridevi |url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/sridevi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122190752/http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/sridevi.html |archive-date=22 January 2013 |access-date=13 April 2018}}</ref>
* 2003 – MAMI Award in Contribution to Indian Cinema<ref>{{Cite news |title=MAMI awards: Raghu Romeo is best film |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/MAMI-awards-Raghu-Romeo-is-best-film/articleshow/326705.cms |url-status=live |access-date=13 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527142246/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-11-28/mumbai/27202273_1_asian-films-mumbai-academy-international-film-festival |archive-date=27 May 2012}}</ref>
* 2008 – FICCI "Living Legend in Entertainment Award"<ref>{{cite web |date=8 September 2008 |title=FICCI Frames 2008 to honor Rishi Kapoor and Sridevi |url=http://www.indiafm.com/news/2008/03/03/10982/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908013435/http://www.indiafm.com/news/2008/03/03/10982/index.html |archive-date=8 September 2008 |access-date=13 April 2018}}</ref>
* 2009 – Special Honour at 33rd Cairo International Film Festival for Contribution to Hindi Cinema<ref>{{cite web |date=26 January 2010 |title=Cairo ke hero |url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2009/nov/191109-informer-4.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100126045919/http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2009/nov/191109-informer-4.htm |archive-date=26 January 2010 |access-date=13 April 2018}}</ref>
* 2013 – Honoured by the [[government of Kerala]] for her contribution to Cinema<ref>{{cite web |date=11 January 2016 |title=Onam festivities get off to a starry start – KERALA – The Hindu |website=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/onam-*festivities-get-off-to-a-starry-start/article5131057.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111104732/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/onam-*festivities-get-off-to-a-starry-start/article5131057.ece |archive-date=11 January 2016 |access-date=13 April 2018}}</ref>
* 2013 – Ranked #4 among Bollywood's female actresses and was placed #10 in the overall list in a UK poll celebrating 100 years of Indian cinema '100 Greatest Bollywood Stars' published by British Asian weekly newspaper 'Eastern Eye'<ref>{{cite web |date=27 July 2013 |title=Amitabh Bachchan crowned greatest Bollywood star |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1032317/amitabh-bachchan-crowned-greatest-bollywood-star |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819095832/https://www.dawn.com/news/1032317/amitabh-bachchan-crowned-greatest-bollywood-star |archive-date=19 August 2019 |access-date=23 August 2019 |website=Dawn}}</ref>
* 2013 – Voted 'India's Greatest Actress of All Time' in ''CNN-IBN'' Poll<ref>{{cite web |date=13 March 2013 |title=IBNLive Poll: Sridevi voted the greatest Indian actress in 100 years – Bollywood- Movies News-IBNLive |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ibnlive-poll-sridevi-voted-the-greatest-indian-actress-in-100-years/377240-8-66.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313091736/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ibnlive-poll-sridevi-voted-the-greatest-indian-actress-in-100-years/377240-8-66.html |archive-date=13 March 2013 |access-date=13 April 2018}}</ref>
* 2013 – President of India 'Medallion of Honour' for contribution to 100 Years of Indian Cinema{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}
* 2014 – Inspiring Icon Award from [[Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology|Sathyabama University]], [[Chennai]]
* 2018 – Asian Award for Contribution to Cinema<ref>{{cite web |date=6 May 2018 |title=Sridevi, Jahangir Khan, Anita Rani winners at Asian Awards |url=https://asianlite.com/news/uk-news/sridevi-jahangir-khan-anita-rani-among-winners-at-asian-awards/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811123743/https://asianlite.com/news/uk-news/sridevi-jahangir-khan-anita-rani-among-winners-at-asian-awards/ |archive-date=11 August 2020 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Asianlite International}}</ref>
* 2018 – 71st Cannes International Film Festival Titan Reginald F. Lewis Icon Award<ref>{{cite web |date=18 May 2018 |title=Sridevi honoured at Cannes, Subhash Ghai accepts honour on her family's behalf |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sridevi-honoured-at-cannes-subhash-ghai-accepts-honour-on-her-family-s-behalf/story-IxbKE1lKxCLM6Y0pOM4aIL.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180522041711/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sridevi-honoured-at-cannes-subhash-ghai-accepts-honour-on-her-family-s-behalf/story-IxbKE1lKxCLM6Y0pOM4aIL.html |archive-date=22 May 2018 |access-date=24 May 2018}}</ref>
* 2018 – Outstanding Achievement in Cinema at [[The Asian Awards]]<ref>{{cite web |date=29 April 2018 |title=Asian Awards 2018: Recognition with Lots of Glitz and Glamour |url=https://www.desiblitz.com/content/asian-awards-2018-recognition-glamour |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322142724/https://www.desiblitz.com/content/asian-awards-2018-recognition-glamour |archive-date=22 March 2019 |access-date=28 August 2018 |publisher=Desiblitz}}</ref>
* 2019 – [[ANR National Award]] for 2018<ref>{{Cite news|last=Deshpande|first=Abhinay|date=17 November 2019|title=Boney Kapoor gets emotional while accepting ANR Award for Sridevi|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/boney-kapoor-gets-emotional-while-accepting-anr-award-for-sridevi/article30000985.ece|url-status=live|access-date=9 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009112106/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/boney-kapoor-gets-emotional-while-accepting-anr-award-for-sridevi/article30000985.ece|archive-date=9 October 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* 2023 – [[Google Doodle]] released for her 60th birth anniversary<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sridevi's 60th Birthday |url=https://doodles.google/doodle/sridevis-60th-birthday/ |access-date=12 August 2023 |website=www.google.com |language=en |archive-date=12 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812134241/https://www.google.com/doodles/sridevis-60th-birthday |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite book |last=Nayak |first=Satyarth |title=[[Sridevi: The Eternal Screen Goddess]] |publisher=[[Random House]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-93-53056-78-0 |author-link=Satyarth Nayak}}

== External links ==
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* {{IMDb name|0004437}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|sridevi}}

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Nathu La and Cho La clashes

2026-03-20T23:03:57Z

DinahFlo5043561: basic enhance layout for consistency and improved wording

{{Short description|Border clashes between China and India in 1967}}{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Coord missing|Sikkim}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}

{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Nathu La and Cho La clashes
| partof =
| image = 100 mm gun at Watershed Martyr's Memorial premises at Sherathang near Nathu La in East Sikkim 01.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Indian 100 mm gun used in the following border skirmishes.
| date = 11–14 September 1967 (Nathu La) ({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=9|day1=11|year1=1967|month2=9|day2=14|year2=1967}}) 1 October 1967 (Cho La)
| place = [[Nathu La]] and [[Cho La (Sikkim and Tibet)|Cho La]], on the border between [[China]] and the [[Kingdom of Sikkim]]
| result = Indian victory<ref name="Chellaney" /><ref name="Praagh" /><ref name="Hoontrakul" />
| territory = * Chinese initiative retreat from Nathu La and Cho La
* Incorporation of [[Kingdom of Sikkim]] into the [[Republic of India]]
| combatant1 = {{flag|India}}
{{flag|Kingdom of Sikkim|name=Sikkim}}
| combatant2 = {{flag|China}}
| commander1 = [[Sagat Singh]]<ref name="Thapliyal" /> [[Rai Singh Yadav]]
| commander2 = [[Zhou Enlai]]
| units1 = {{army|India}}
| units2 = {{army|CHN}}
| strength1 = Part of the 112th Infantry Brigade
| strength2 = 31st Infantry Regiment
*4th Rifle Company
*6th Rifle Company
*2nd Machine Company
*2nd Artillery Company
75th Artillery Battalion
308th Artillery Brigade<ref>{{citation|title=中国人民解放军步兵第十一师军战史 |trans-title=Battle Records of the 11th Division of the People's Liberation Army, Part II |pages=337–338 }} {{citation |url=https://ishare.iask.sina.com.cn/f/19300608.html |title=Extract on a personal web page at ishare.iask.sina.com.cn}}</ref>
*3rd Artillery Regiment
| casualties1 = '''Indian claims''': 88 killed 163 wounded<ref name="People 1967 51">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y2jVAAAAMAAJ |title=Lok Sabha Debates |last1=People |first1=India Parliament House of the |last2=Sabha |first2=India Parliament Lok |date=1967 |publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat. |pages=51– |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Mishra JNU"/> '''Chinese claims''': 101 killed (65 Nathu La, 36 Cho La)<ref name="Fravel" />
| casualties2 = '''Indian claims''': 340 killed 450 wounded<ref name="Mishra JNU"/> '''Chinese claims''': 32 killed (Nathu La), unknown (Cho La)<ref name="Fravel" />
| casualties3 =
| notes =
| campaignbox =
}}

The '''Nathu La and Cho La clashes''', sometimes referred to as '''Indo-China War of 1967''', '''Sino-Indian War of 1967''',<ref>{{Cite news|last=Prashar|first=Sakshi|date=June 2020|title=A history of Sino-Indian feuds: Times when China had to back down|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/a-history-of-sino-indian-feuds-times-when-china-had-to-back-down/articleshow/76357150.cms|access-date=2021-02-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Mitter|first=Rana|date=September 2020|title=The old scars remain: Sino-Indian war of 1967|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/books/review-watershed-1967-indias-forgotten-victory-over-china-by-probal-dasgupta/cid/1790853|access-date=10 February 2021}}</ref> were a series of clashes between [[China]] and [[India]] alongside the border of the Himalayan [[Kingdom of Sikkim]], then an Indian [[protectorate]].

The Nathu La clashes started on 11 September 1967, when China's [[People's Liberation Army]] (PLA) launched an attack on Indian posts at [[Nathu La]], and lasted till 15 September 1967. In October 1967, another military duel took place at [[Cho La (Sikkim and Tibet)|Cho La]] and ended on the same day.

According to independent sources, India achieved "decisive tactical advantage" and managed to hold its own against and push back Chinese forces.<ref name="Chellaney"/><ref name="Praagh">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TbpU0HngYhoC&pg=PA301 |title=Greater Game: India's Race with Destiny and China |last=Van Praagh |first=David |date=2003 |publisher=McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP |isbn=9780773525887 |pages=301 |language=en |quote=(Indian) ''jawans'' trained and equipped for high-altitude combat used US provided artillery, deployed on higher ground than that of their adversaries, to decisive tactical advantage at Nathu La and Cho La near the Sikkim-Tibet border.}}</ref><ref name="Hoontrakul">{{citation |first=Ponesak |last=Hoontrakul |chapter=Asia's Evolving Economic Dynamism and Political Pressures |editor1=P. Hoontrakul |editor2=C. Balding |editor3=R. Marwah |title=The Global Rise of Asian Transformation: Trends and Developments in Economic Growth Dynamics |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RrKYBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA37 |year=2014 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US |isbn=978-1-137-41236-2 |page=37 |quote=Cho La incident (1967) - Victorious: India / Defeated : China}}</ref> Many PLA fortifications at Nathu La were destroyed,<ref name="Fravel">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=02Hjr6RUckwC&pg=PA197 |title=Strong Borders, Secure Nation: Cooperation and Conflict in China's Territorial Disputes |last=Fravel |first=M. Taylor |date=2008 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1400828876 |pages=197–199 |language=en}}</ref> where the Indian troops drove back the attacking Chinese forces.<ref name="Chellaney">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCmFAAAAMAAJ |title=Asian Juggernaut: The Rise of China, India, and Japan |last=Brahma Chellaney |author-link=Brahma Chellaney |date=2006 |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |isbn=9788172236502 |pages=195 |language=en |quote=Indeed, Beijing's acknowledgement of Indian control over Sikkim seems limited to the purpose of facilitating trade through the vertiginous Nathu-la Pass, the scene of bloody artillery duels in September 1967 when Indian troops beat back attacking Chinese forces.}}</ref> The competition to control the disputed borderland in [[Chumbi Valley]] is seen as a major cause for heightening the tensions in these incidents. Observers have commented that these clashes indicated the decline of 'claim strength' in China's decision to initiate the use of force against India, and stated that India was greatly pleased with the combat performance of its forces in the Nathu La clashes, seeing it as a sign of striking improvement since its defeat in the [[Sino-Indian War|1962 Sino-Indian War]].

== Background ==
[[File:1923 SoI map of lower Chumbi Valley.jpg|thumb|right|305px|Cho La and Nathu La passes marked on a [[Survey of India]] map of 1923]]
Following the 1962 [[Sino-Indian War]], tensions continued to run high along the Himalayan border shared by India and China. Influenced by its previous defeat, the Indian Army raised a number of new units, nearly doubling their deployed forces along the disputed region. As a part of this military expansion, seven mountain divisions were raised to defend India's northern borders against any Chinese attack. Most of these divisions were not based near the border, save for the [[Chumbi Valley]], where both Indian and Chinese troops were stationed on both sides at close range. Particularly at the [[Nathu La]] pass in the valley, alongside the [[Kingdom of Sikkim|Sikkim]]-[[Tibet]] border, the deployed Chinese and Indian forces are stationed about 20–30 meters apart, which is the closest of anywhere on the 4000 km [[Line of Actual Control|Sino-Indian border]]. The border here is said to have remained "un-demarcated". The Chinese held the northern shoulder of the pass, while the Indian Army held the southern shoulder. Additionally, major parts of the pass, south and north of Nathu La, namely ''Sebu La'' and ''Camel’s back,'' were held by the Indians. From 1963, small-scale clashes in the region were frequently reported in the press.<ref name="Thapliyal">{{cite web |url=http://www.claws.in/595/the-nathu-la-skirmish-when-chinese-were-given-a-bloody-nose-sheru-thapliyal.html |title=The Nathu La skirmish: when Chinese were given a bloody nose |last=Sheru Thapliyal (Retired Major General of the Indian Army, who commanded the Nathu La Brigade.) |website=www.claws.in |year=2009 |orig-year=first published in the FORCE Magazine, 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923204622/https://www.claws.in/595/the-nathu-la-skirmish-when-chinese-were-given-a-bloody-nose-sheru-thapliyal.html |archive-date=23 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="Fravel" /><ref name="Bajpai p.184" /> On 16 September 1965, during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]], China issued an ultimatum to India to vacate the Nathu La pass. However, GOC 17 mountain division's Major General, [[Sagat Singh]], refused to do so, arguing that Nathu La was on the watershed which comprised the natural boundary.<ref name="Eekelen235">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G3nsCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA235 |title=Indian Foreign Policy and the Border Dispute with China: A New Look at Asian Relationships |last=van Eekelen |first=Willem |date=2015 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004304314 |pages=235–236 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=Singh308>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cJDsk_g6tXUC&pg=PA308 |title=Leadership in the Indian Army: Biographies of Twelve Soldiers |last=Singh |first=V. K. |date=2005 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=9780761933229 |pages=308, 309 |language=en}}</ref>

== Prelude ==
Starting from 13 August 1967, Chinese troops started digging trenches in Nathu La on the Sikkimese side. Indian troops observed that some of the trenches were "clearly" to the Sikkemese side of the border, and pointed it out to the local Chinese commander [[Zhang Guohua (politician, born 1914)|Zhang Guohua]], who was asked to withdraw from there. Yet, in one instance, the Chinese filled the trenches again and left after adding 8 more loudspeakers to the existing 21. Indian troops decided to stretch a [[barbed wire]] along the ridges of Nathu La in order to indicate the boundary.<ref name="Thapliyal" /><ref name="Bajpai p.184">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EB2l6dr_JlwC&pg=PA184 |title=China's Shadow Over Sikkim: The Politics of Intimidation |last=Bajpai |first=G. S. |date=1999 |publisher=Lancer Publishers |isbn=9781897829523 |pages=184–186 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="van Eekelen p.239">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G3nsCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA239 |title=Indian Foreign Policy and the Border Dispute with China: A New Look at Asian Relationships |last=van Eekelen |first=Willem |date=2015 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004304314 |location=The Netherlands |pages=239– |language=en}}</ref>

Accordingly, from 18 August, wires were stretched along the border, which was resented by the Chinese troops. After two days, armed with weaponry, Chinese troops took positions against the Indian soldiers who were engaged in laying the wire but made no firing.<ref name="Thapliyal" /><ref name="Fravel" /><ref name="Bajpai p.184" />

Again on 7 September, when the Indian troops started stretching another barbed wire along the southern side of Nathu La, the local Chinese commanders along with the troops rushed to the spot and issued a "serious warning" to an Indian Lt. Col. [[Rai Singh Yadav]] to stop the work, after which a scuffle took place in which some soldiers from both sides were injured. Chinese troops were agitated by the injuries to their two soldiers.<ref name="Thapliyal" /><ref name="Fravel" /><ref name="Bajpai p.184" />

In order to settle the situation, the Indian military hierarchy decided to lay another wire in the centre of the pass from Nathu La to Sebu La to indicate their perceived border, on 11 September 1967.<ref name="Thapliyal" />

== Clashes at Nathu La ==
Accordingly, in the morning of 11 September 1967, the engineers and ''jawans'' (soldiers) of Indian Army started laying the stretch of fencing from Nathu La to Sebu La along the perceived border. According to an Indian account, immediately a Chinese Political [[Commissar]] [[Ren Rong]], with a section of Infantry, came to the centre of the pass where the Indian Lt. Col. Rai Singh Yadav was standing with his commando platoon. Rong asked Yadav to stop laying the wire. Indian soldiers refused to halt, saying they were given orders. An argument started which soon turned into a scuffle. After that, the Chinese went back to their bunkers and the Indians resumed laying the wire.<ref name="Thapliyal" /><ref name="Fravel" /><ref name="van Eekelen p.239" />

Within a few minutes of this, a whistle was blown from the Chinese side followed by medium machine gun firing against Indian troops from north shoulder. Due to the lack of cover in the pass, the Indian troops initially suffered heavy casualties. Shortly thereafter, the Chinese also opened artillery against the Indians. A little later, Indian troops opened artillery from their side. The clashes lasted through the day and night, for the next three days, with use of artillery, mortars and machine guns, during which the Indian troops "beat back" the Chinese forces. Five days after the clashes had started, an "uneasy" ceasefire was arranged. Due to the advantageous position Indian troops had because of their occupation of high grounds at the pass in Sebu La and Camel's back, they were able to destroy many Chinese bunkers at Nathu La.<ref name="Chellaney"/><ref name="Thapliyal" /><ref name="Fravel" /><ref name="van Eekelen p.239" /><ref name="Bajpai p.186" />

The corpses of fallen soldiers were exchanged on 15 and 16 September.<ref name="Thapliyal" /><ref name="Bajpai p.186">{{Cite book|last=Bajpai|first=G. S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EB2l6dr_JlwC&pg=PA186|title=China's Shadow Over Sikkim: The Politics of Intimidation|date=1999|publisher=Lancer Publishers|isbn=9781897829523|pages=186–191|language=en}}</ref>

The Indian and Western perspectives attributed the initiation of these clashes to the Chinese side.<ref name="Garver" /> The Chinese, however, blamed the Indian troops for provoking the clashes, alleging that the firing had started from the Indian side.<ref name="Bajpai p.186" />

== Clashes at Cho La ==
On 1 October 1967, another clash between India and China took place at [[Cho La, Sikkim|Cho La]], a border pass a few kilometers north of Nathu La.<ref name="Thapliyal" /><ref name="Fravel" />

Scholar van Eekelen states that the duel was initiated by the Chinese troops after a scuffle between the two, when the Chinese troops infiltrated into the Sikkim-side of the border, claimed the pass and questioned the Indian occupation of it.<ref name="van Eekelen p.239" /><ref name="Bajpai p.193" />

China, however, asserted that the provocation had come from the Indian side. According to the Chinese version, Indian troops had infiltrated into the Chinese territory across the pass, made provocations against the troops stationed there, and opened fire on them.<ref name="Bajpai p.193">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EB2l6dr_JlwC&pg=PA193 |title=China's Shadow Over Sikkim: The Politics of Intimidation |last=Bajpai |first=G. S. |date=1999 |publisher=Lancer Publishers |isbn=9781897829523 |pages=193, 194 |language=en}}</ref>

The military duel lasted one day,<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CnDlcP6L8iEC&pg=PA317 |title=Beijing's Power and China's Borders: Twenty Neighbors in Asia |last1=Elleman |first1=Bruce |last2=Kotkin |first2=Stephen |last3=Schofield |first3=Clive |date=2015 |publisher=M.E. Sharpe |isbn=9780765627667 |pages=317 |language=en}}</ref> during which the Chinese were driven away, and it boosted Indian morale.<ref name="van Eekelen p.239" /> According to Indian Maj. Gen. Sheru Thapliyal, the Chinese were forced to withdraw nearly three kilometers in Cho La during the clash.<ref name="Thapliyal" />

== Casualties ==
The [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Defence Ministry of India ]] reported: 88 killed and 163 wounded on the Indian side, while 340 killed and 450 wounded on the Chinese side, during the two incidents.<ref name="People 1967 51">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y2jVAAAAMAAJ |title=Lok Sabha Debates |last1=People |first1=India Parliament House of the |last2=Sabha |first2=India Parliament Lok |date=1967 |publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat. |pages=51– |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Mishra JNU">{{citation |chapter=The period of stalemate (1963–1975) |title=Changing contours of India–China relationship, 1963–1991: A study in bilateral, regional and international perspectives |last=Mishra |first=Keshav |publisher=Jawaharlal Nehru University/Shodhganga |year=2001 |hdl=10603/30868 |url=http://hdl.handle.net/10603/30868 |chapter-url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/30868/6/06_chapter%202.pdf |at=55}}</ref>

According to Chinese claims, the number of soldiers killed was 32 on the Chinese side and 65 on the Indian side in Nathu La incident; and 36 Indian soldiers and an 'unknown' number of Chinese were killed in the Cho La incident.<ref name="Fravel" />

== Analysis ==
According to scholar [[Taylor Fravel]], the competition to control the disputed land in Chumbi valley had played a key role in escalating tensions in these events. Fravel has argued that these incidents demonstrate the effects of China's "regime insecurity" on the use of force. He states that three factors in these clashes emphasized the role of "declining claim strength in China's decision to initiate the use of force" against India. The first was the Indian Army's expansion in size after the 1962 war, leading to the strengthening of its borders with China. The second was the apparent Indian aggression in asserting its claims near the border. The third was the Chinese perceptions of Indian actions, for which Fravel says that the most unstable period of [[Cultural Revolution]] in China, which coincided with these incidents, was a possible contributing factor. Fravel remarks that the Chinese leaders possibly magnified the potential threat from India due to the border tensions and the perceived pressure from India to strengthen its claims across the border, and decided that a severe attack was needed.<ref name="Fravel" />

Fravel has stated that the initial Chinese attack was perhaps not authorized by the [[Central Military Commission (China)]]. He also noted that after the attack was launched at Nathu La by the Chinese, the then [[Premier of the People's Republic of China|Chinese Premier]], [[Zhou Enlai]], instructed Chinese forces to return fire only when fired upon.<ref name="Fravel" />

Scholar John Garver states that, due to the Nathu La incident, Indian concerns were roused about China's intentions regarding Sikkim. Garver also remarks that India was "quite pleased with the combat performance of its forces in the Nathu La clashes, seeing it as signalling dramatic improvement since 1962 war."<ref name="Garver">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TOVaMckcO0MC&pg=PA171 |title=Protracted Contest: Sino-Indian Rivalry in the Twentieth Century |last=Garver |first=John W. |date=2011 |publisher=University of Washington Press |isbn=9780295801209 |pages=171 |language=en}}</ref>

== Aftermath ==
The Sino-Indian border remained peaceful after these incidents till [[2020 China–India skirmishes]].<ref name="Thapliyal" />

[[Sikkim]] became an Indian state in 1975, after a referendum which resulted in overwhelming support for the removal of monarchy and a full merger with India.<ref name="David Scott">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xvCrAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA80 |title=Handbook of India's International Relations |last=Scott |first=David |date=2011 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781136811319 |pages=80 |language=en}}</ref> The [[1975 Sikkimese monarchy referendum|Indian annexation of Sikkim]] was not recognised by China during the time.<ref name="David Scott" /><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vqvHBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT433 |title=A Handbook of China's International Relations |last=Breslin |first=Shaun |date=2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781136938450 |pages=433 |language=en}}</ref> In 2003, China indirectly recognised Sikkim as an Indian state, on agreement that India accept that the [[Tibet Autonomous Region]] as a part of China, though India had already done so back in 1953.<ref name="David Scott" /><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nyk6oA2nOlgC&q=india+recognized+tibet+1953&pg=PA87 |publisher= Pearson |title=Aspects of India's International Relations, 1700 to 2000: South Asia and the World |year= 2007 |page=87|isbn= 9788131708347 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G3nsCgAAQBAJ |title=Indian Foreign Policy and the Border Dispute with China: A New Look at Asian Relationships |last=van Eekelen |first=Willem |date=2015 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004304314 |location=The Netherlands |pages=36– |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4HICit08CEkC&pg=PA243 |title=Between Two Fires: Towards an Understanding of Jawaharlal Nehru's Foreign Policy |last=Singh |first=Iqbal |date=1998 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=9788125015857 |pages=243– |language=en}}</ref> This mutual agreement led to a thaw in [[China–India relations|Sino-Indian relations]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3015840.stm |title=India and China agree over Tibet |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="Map">{{cite news |first=Amit |last=Baruah |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/04/12/stories/2005041210160100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050414013354/http://www.hindu.com/2005/04/12/stories/2005041210160100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 April 2005 |title=China backs India's bid for U.N. Council seat |date=12 April 2005 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=17 March 2009}}</ref>

Chinese Premier [[Wen Jiabao]] said in 2005 that "Sikkim is no longer the problem between China and India."<ref name="David Scott" />

==Military Awards==
===Maha Vir Chakra===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name !! Unit !! Place of action!! Citation
|-
| Brigadier [[Rai Singh Yadav]] || [[The Grenadiers|2nd Grenadiers]] || [[Nathu La]], [[Sikkim]], [[India]]|| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/rai-singh|title=Lt Col Rai Singh – Maha Vir Chakra|publisher=Gallantry Awards, Ministry of Defence, Govt of India website}}</ref>
|-
| Lieutenant Colonel [[Mahatam Singh]]|| [[Jammu and Kashmir Rifles|10 JAK Rifles]] || [[Cho La (Sikkim and Tibet)|Cho La]], [[Sikkim]], [[India]]|| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/mahatam-singh|title=Lt Col Mahatam Singh – Maha Vir Chakra|publisher=Gallantry Awards, Ministry of Defence, Govt of India website}}</ref>
|-
| Major Harbhajan Singh (P) || [[Rajput Regiment|18 Rajput]]|| [[Nathu La]], [[Sikkim]], [[India]]|| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.honourpoint.in/profile/major-harbhajan-singh-mvc-2/|title=Major Harbhajan Singh MVC|publisher=HonourPoint|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-date=25 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625084006/https://www.honourpoint.in/profile/major-harbhajan-singh-mvc-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}

===Vir Chakra===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name !! Unit !! Place of action!! Citation
|-
| Captain Prithvi Singh Dagar (P) || [[The Grenadiers|2nd Grenadiers]] || [[Nathu La]], [[Sikkim]], [[India]]|| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/prithi-singh-dagar|title=Captain Prithi Singh Dagar – Maha Vir Chakra|publisher=Gallantry Awards, Ministry of Defence, Govt of India website}}</ref>
|-
| Havaldar Lakhsmi Chand (P) || [[The Grenadiers|2nd Grenadiers]] || [[Nathu La]], [[Sikkim]], [[India]]|| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/lakhmi-chand|title=Havaldar Lakhmi Chand – Maha Vir Chakra|publisher=Gallantry Awards, Ministry of Defence, Govt of India website}}</ref>
|-
| Sepoy Gokal Singh || [[Rajput Regiment|18 Rajput]]|| [[Nathu La]], [[Sikkim]], [[India]]|| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/gokal-singh|title=Sepoy Gokal Singh MVC|publisher=Gallantry Awards, Ministry of Defence, Govt of India website}}</ref>
|}

==In popular culture==
The Nathu La clashes between the Indian Army and Chinese Army are depicted in the 2018 Indian Hindi-language film [[Paltan (film)]], starring [[Jackie Shroff]] as Maj. General [[Sagat Singh]], [[Arjun Rampal]] as Lt. Col. [[Rai Singh Yadav]], [[Harshvardhan Rane]] as Maj. Harbhajan Singh, [[Gurmeet Choudhary]] as Capt. Prithvi Singh Dagar and [[Abhilash Chaudhary]] as Hav. Lakshmi Chand.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7162758/|title=Paltan|publisher=IMDB}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Dogra–Tibetan War|1841–1842 Dogra–Tibetan War]]
*[[Sino-Indian War|1962 Sino-Indian War]]
*[[Sumdorong Chu standoff|1987 Sumdorong Chu standoff]]
*[[2017 China–India border standoff]]
*[[2020–2021 China–India skirmishes]]

== References ==
{{reflist |30em}}

== Further reading ==
* [http://www.claudearpi.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/WhitePaper14NEW.pdf Notes, memoranda and letters exchanged between the Governments of India and China <nowiki>[February 1967 – April 1968]</nowiki>]; Ministry of External Affairs (India).
* Probal DasGupta (17 February 2020). ''[[Watershed 1967: India’s Forgotten Victory over China]]''. Juggernaut.

== External links ==
* [http://veekay-militaryhistory.blogspot.com/2013/04/nathula-1967-real-story.html Nathu La; 1967 - The Real Story]; Veekay (Indian Army Corps), using the diary of Second Lieutenant N.C Gupta; ''cited by Willem van Eekelen in his book, Indian Foreign Policy and the Border Dispute with China: A New Look at Asian Relationships (p 238)''. [https://books.google.com/books?id=G3nsCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA238]

{{China–India relations}}
{{Military of India}}
{{PRC conflicts}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chola Incident}}

[[Category:Conflicts in 1967]]
[[Category:Wars involving the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Wars involving India]]
[[Category:History of the Republic of India]]
[[Category:Kingdom of Sikkim]]
[[Category:1967 in China]]
[[Category:1967 in India]]
[[Category:1960s in Sikkim]]
[[Category:Sino-Indian border dispute]]
[[Category:September 1967 in Asia]]
[[Category:October 1967 in Asia]]

Bana kingdom

2026-03-13T20:41:26Z

DinahFlo5043561: started new page

{{Short description|South Indian dynasty}}
{{more footnotes|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}

The '''Bana''' or '''Vana''' was a dynasty based in South India, who claimed descent from king [[Mahabali]]. The dynasty takes its name from Bana, the son of Mahabali. The Banas faced opposition from several neighbouring dynasties and served some major dynasties such as the [[Chalukya dynasty|Chalukyas]],[[Chola]]s and [[Pandya]]s as feudatories, sometimes after they were subjugated by them. They also served as [[Samanta]]s to some dynasties. The Banas had their capital at various places at different times, including [[Kolar, Karnataka|Kolar]] and [[Gudimallam]].<ref>The history of Andhra country, 1000 C.E.-1500 C.E, By Yashoda Devi, p.384</ref> The Banas were a native [[Kannada]] ruling dynasty.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yhXRDSgBuL0C&q=nolamba|title=History of Kannada Language|last=R|first=Narasimhacharya|publisher=Asian Educational Services|year=1942|isbn=9788120605596|location=|pages=49|via=}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Mahabali Banarasa Kannada inscription 300AD.jpg|thumb|Mahabali Banarasa Old kannada inscription dated 300 AD or much earlier at Gulgan Pode, Palar valley]]
The earliest mention of the Banas in authentic historical records is in the middle of the fourth century AD, and as the feudatories of the [[Satavahana]] and early [[Pallava]]s.<ref>Karnataka through the ages: from prehistoric times to the day of the independence of India, Ranganath Ramachandra Diwakar, Literary and Cultural Development Department, Government of Mysore, p.129-130.</ref>

But from the actual literature history (Mysore State Gazetteer 1968), The Mahavalis or Brihadbanas who ruled the present Kolar and [[Chikkaballapur]] districts of [[Karnataka]] are the descendants of King Banasura or King Bana, son of King Mahabali. King Brihadbana was the grandson of Mahabali. Last known ruling king of this generation was King Sambayya. They were in constant conflicts with [[Nolamba|Nolambas]] and Western Gangas of the Kolar region. They had Vaidumbas as their allies. They had the present day Avani region (a village in Kolar District) as their capital.

The Bana dynasty had a distinctive emblem, featuring a black flag and a bull crest. An inscription discovered in Mulbagal Taluk dating back to the year 339 AD, written in Sanskrit, begins by praising Shiva, whose throne is said to be on the mountain peak called Nandi. This peak is believed to be the present-day Nandidurga, which is considered to personify Nandi, the bull of Shiva. The inscription documents the grant of the village of Mudiyanur (also known as Chudagrama, a Sanskritized form of Mudiyanur) to 25 Brahmins by Vadhuvallabha-Malladeva-Nandivarma, the son of Vijayaditya Deva and grandson of Nandivarma, a notable figure from Mahabali's dynasty. The king, who was in the town of Avanya (Avani), is credited with bringing prosperity to the Bana dynasty and has been compared to Bodhisattva.

The Banas seem to have been a strong power almost until the decline at the end of the 9th century. In the battle of Soremati about 874, Banas they, together with the Vaidumbas, are said to have defeated the [[Western Ganga dynasty|Gangas]] and the [[Nolamba|Nolambas]]. Further, their inscriptions of 898, 905 and 909 A.D. mention no overlord. But all the same, the Banas had adversaries on all sides, and their power was continually being undermined since the close of the 9th century. They ultimately appear to have lost their independence by the first half of the 1Oth century at the latest. If the [[Nolamba]] king Mahendra (c. 870-897) is described as the cunning king who has ended the Mahabali family, the [[Chola]] king [[Parantaka I|Viranarayana or Parantaka]] claims in 921 to have uprooted by force two Bana kings and conferred the title of Banadhiraja on the [[Western Ganga dynasty|Ganga]] prince Prithvipathi II, who helped him in this task. In 961, which is the date of the latest Bana inscription in this district, we find one King Sambayya ruling a small district under the Pallava king Iriva or Dilipa. But the Banas did not disappear altogether from the political history, as is evident from the references to them in some later literary works and inscriptions. Stray Bana records have been found outside this district, particularly in the south, as late as the first quarter of the 16th century AD. The history of the Banas, who, during a period of more than a thousand years, moved from district to district, from the Andhra-desha in the north to the Pandya country in the far south where they were governors of Madurai under the [[Pandya]] kings, is particularly interesting in that it illustrates the long survival of a dynasty by migrations.

==Boundaries==
The Bana kingdom was made up of various regions at different points in time and was known by the following names:

* [[Perumbanappadi]] (the great Bana country), of the Sangam period. It is the Tamil equivalent of the 'Country of Brihad-Bana' or 'country of the Brihad (great) Bana'. Perumbanappadi was a large tract of land which lay to the west of Andhrapatha. It had Punganur, Kolar and Srisailam in the west, Kalahasti and Sholingur in the east, while the river Palar formed its Southern boundary.<ref>{{cite book | author = Sailendra Nath Sen. | year = 1988 | title = Ancient Indian History and Civilization | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&q=Bana+Kingdom&pg=PA470 | pages = 469–476 |publisher = New Age International Publishers| isbn = 9788122411980 }}</ref><ref>Feudatories of South India, 800-1070 A.D, p.35-36</ref><ref>The Tirumala Temple, by N Ramesan, p.17-18</ref> Its capital was Thiruvallam also known as Vanapuram.<ref>The early Chōḷas history, art, and culture, by S.Swaminathan, p.46</ref> Perumbanappadi formed a part of the province of Jayakonda [[Chola|Sola]] Mandalam <ref>South Indian Inscriptions: Miscellaneous inscriptions in Tamil, by Eugen Hultzsch, Hosakote Krishna Sastri, Archaeological Survey of India, p. 89 and p.113</ref> and also represented the north-western portions of [[Tondai Nadu|Thondai-Mandalam]].<ref>Trade, ideology, and urbanization: South India 300 BC to AD 1300, by Radha Champakalakshmi, p.374</ref>
* [[Balikula Nadu]] (kingdom of the Banas). It was made up of parts of modern Chittor, Ananthapur and Cuddapah districts. A portion of Balikula Nadu later included parts of Nellore. The Banas were located in the said regions as early as the 7th century AD and were affiliated with the Tamil Cholas.<ref>Buddhist remains in Āndhra and the history of Āndhra between 224 & 610 A.D, by KR Subramanian, p.148</ref>
* [[Andhrapatha]] (aka Andhra-desa or Province of the Andhras) traditionally between the [[Godavari]] and Krishna rivers.<ref>Foundations of Indian culture, By Govind Chandra Pande, p. 30</ref> This Bana kingdom, known as Andhrapatha, originally extended as far as Kalahasti in the west and covered the whole of present-day North Arcot district.<ref>The history of Andhra country, 1000 A.D.-1500 A.D, By Yashoda Devi, p.384</ref> It also included present day Guntur and flourished under the [[Satavahana]]s. Andhrapatha was known to the Tamils as Vadugavalli, Vadugavalli Merku or Vadugavalli 12,000. Andhrapatha was developed into Andhramandala by a grant given by the Bana king, Vadhuvallaba Malladeva Nandivarman in AD 338.<ref>Journal of Indian history, Volume 45, By University of Kerala, p.481-482</ref> Andhrapatha was ruled by [[Ikshvaku dynasty|Ikshvaku]] kings, such as Virapurshadatta.<ref>Malwa through the ages, from the earliest times to 1305 A.D, by Kailash Chand Jain, p.177</ref>

==In Medieval South India==
The [[Western Ganga dynasty]] king, Prithivipati II was conferred the title "lord of the Banas" by [[Parantaka I]] [[Chola]] after he defeated the Banas. After the Chola King, Parantaka I deprived the Banas of their Andhrapatha kingdom between 909 and 916 AD, the Banas were subsequently found ruling various parts, such as Nellore, Guntur and Anantapur, as chieftains in medieval Andhra.

===In Nellore===
An inscription discovered in Sannamur revealed the existence of a Bana dynasty that ruled the northern part of Nellore district in the 11th century AD. The Bana king at that time was named Aggaparaju (also known as Aggraparaju alias Aggappa), who claimed his descent from Mahabali and asserted lordship over Paravipura and Nandagiri. While nothing is known about his predecessors, it is believed that Aggappa may have ruled as a vassal of the Chalukya prince, Vimaladitya.<ref>The history of Andhra country, 1000 A.D.-1500 A.D., by Yashoda Devi, p.385</ref>

===In Konidena===
Churrabali I or Churaballiraja I of the Banas was ruling in Konidena in the 12th century AD. Churaballi II alias Churabbiraju II, served as a Mahamandaleshwara and bore a long prasasti and titles similar to that of Aggapparaju. Hence it is suggested that he was a descendant of Aggappa Raju. Churabbiraju's only record from Konidena dated 1151 AD mentions him as "Mahamandalesvara Berbaha Churraballi Raju". His epithets mention he belonged to Vashista gotra. He claimed lordship over Paravipura and Nandagiri and ruled in a part of [[Kammanadu]].<ref>The history of Andhra country, 1000 A.D.-1500 A.D, by Yashoda Devi, p.385-386</ref>

===Other Banas===
* Chittarasa, figuring in a record of 1122 AD record of [[Anantapur]], was perhaps of Bana lineage.
* In the time of Prataparudra of the [[Kakatiya]] Dynasty, some Banas are heard of in the Telugu country. They have been mentioned in the work 'Prataparudra Yashobhushana' written by Vidyanatha.
* Trivikramadeva claimed a Bana descent and flourished in the 15th century. He wrote Trivikrama Vritti, a work on Prakrit grammar.
* The last date for the Vijayanagar Viceroys (Nayaks) of [[Madurai Nayak Dynasty|Madurai]] claiming a Bana descent is 1546 AD.{{cn|date=November 2020}}
<ref>The history of Andhra country, 1000 AD-1500 AD, by Yashoda Devi, p.384-387</ref>

==Brihatphala==
Based on the copper plates of Jayavarman Brihat-Phalayana, it has been suggested that Brihat-Phala means the same as Brihad-Bana, where 'phala' and 'bana' both have the same meaning as 'arrowhead'.<ref>The Journal of the Bihar Research Society, Volume 19, p.179</ref> The Brihat-phalayanas ruled in regions around Masulipatnam around the 3rd century AD.<ref>Ancient India, By Ramesh Chandra Majumdar, p.385</ref> Additionally, the Saka Mahakshatrapas of Ujjain claimed Brihatphala (Bahaphala) gotra and were linked with the Ikshvakus.<ref>Department of Archeology Annual Report on Indian Epigraphy for 1961-58, p.4</ref> A record of the [[Andhra Ikshvaku|Ikshvakus]] of the Guntur-Krishna region mentions that a queen named Varma Bhatarika, the wife of Maharaja Ehuvula Chantamula, and daughter-in-law of Maharaja Chantamula, is said to have belonged to Bahapala (that is, Brihat-phala or Brihatphalayana) gotra and is said to have been the daughter of a Mahakshatrapa.<ref>[[Epigraphia Indica]], Volume 34, by Devadutt Bhandarkar, p.21</ref><ref>Rural studies in early Andhra, by PVP Shastry, p.198</ref> It may therefore be surmised that Brihatphala was possibly used as a gotra name to indicate descent from Brihad-Bana.

==Bana kings==
Some Bana kings mentioned in various historical sources are:
* Jayanandivarman
* Vijayaditya I, son of Jayanandivarman
* Malladeva, son of Vijayaditya I
* Bana Vidhyadhara, son of Malladeva (Married a granddaughter of the [[Western Ganga dynasty|Ganga]] King Siva Maharaja, who reigned between 1000 and 1016 AD)
* Prabhumerudeva, son of Banavidhyadhara
* Vikramaditya I, son of Prabhumerudeva
* Vikramaditya II or Pugalvippavar-Ganda, son of Vikramaditya I
* Vijayabahu Vikramaditya II, son of Vikramaditya II
*[[Aragalur Udaiya Ponparappinan Rajarajadevan alias Magadesan]] ([[Magadai]] Mandalam chief) of [[Aragalur]]
*[[Vallavaraiyan Vandiyadevan]]

==In Sangam literature==
An ancient Tamil poem of the [[Sangam period]], describes a scene in front of a Vanar Palace thus:

Poets are leaving the palace with plenty of gifts from the King, while the arrested rulers of smaller regions of the kingdom, who have failed to pay tribute to the King and waiting for the King's pardon happen to see the poets leaving with expensive gifts which are actually things seized by the King from them. One of them, seeing the gifts, says that it is his horse that one the poet takes away, while another one points out to his elephant, similarly and so on goes the poem, capturing the might of ancient Vanars. This poem explains the wealth and power of Southern Vanars. [[Kalki]], in his [[historical fiction|historic novel]] [[Ponniyin Selvan]], describes a scene in which the protagonist, [[Vallavaraiyan Vandiyadevan]], who he claims to be of Vanar descent, broods over the fall of his clan, singing this poem.

==Titles==
The Bana Chieftains held various titles in different regions and at different times, including Vanar, Vanara, Vanavarayar, Vanakovarayar, Ponparappinan, and some claimed titles such as "Vaana-Kulothoman," "Ganga-kula-uthaman," and "Kaangeyar," among others.

==See also==
* [[Perumpāṇāṟṟuppaṭai]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Dynasties of India]]
[[Category:Medieval Tamil Nadu]]

Maravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I

2026-03-13T07:52:22Z

DinahFlo5043561: reworked page for accuracy and added references based on references

{{Short description|Pandyan emperor from 1268 to 1308}}
{{use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox royalty
| dynasty = [[Pandyan]]
| predecessor = [[Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan]]
| successor = Vira Pandyan
| issue = * Sundara Pandyan
* Vira Pandyan
| father = [[Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan]]
| title = [[Kollam]]konda [[Pandya]], Konerinmaikondaan, [[Shri|Sri]] Ko Maravarman Thiribhuvana [[Chakravarti (Sanskrit term)|Chakravarthi]] Sri Kulasekaran
| image =
| caption =
| succession = [[Pandyan Dynasty|Pandyan Emperor]]
| reign = June 1268–1308{{efn|Between 10 and 20 June 1268<ref name="p264">{{cite web | publisher=Kitabistam,Allahabad| title=Full text of "Historical Inscriptions Of Southern India" | website=Internet Archive | date=23 October 2016 | url=https://archive.org/stream/historicalinscri035270mbp/historicalinscri035270mbp_djvu.txt | access-date=27 February 2025}}</ref>}}
}}
[[File:Pandya_Kingdom_(south_India).png | thumb | right | Pandya Kingdom at its greatest extent]]
'''Maravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I''' ({{langx|ta|முதலாம் மாறவர்மன் குலசேகர பாண்டியன்}}) was a [[Pandyan]] emperor who ruled regions of [[South India]] between 1268–1308 CE,<ref>Sethuraman, p124</ref> though history professor Sailendra Sen states he ruled until 1310.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=45–46}}</ref> In 1279 CE, Maravarman Kulasekara Pandyan ended the rule of [[Chola dynasty]] by defeating [[Rajendra III]] of Cholas and Ramanatha of [[Hoysala Empire|Hoysalas.]] His death lead to the [[Pandyan Civil war of 1308-1323|Pandyan Civil War]] in 1308–1323.

==Accession and shared rule==
Kulasekara Pandyan I acceded to the Pandyan throne in the year 1268 CE after his father [[Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan I]]. During the middle part of the 13th century, the kingdom was ruled by many princes of the royal line. This practice of shared rule with one prince asserting primacy was common in the Pandyan Kingdom.<ref>KA Nilakanta Sastri, p196</ref> The other princes of the royal family with whom he shared his rule were Jatavarman Vira Pandyan I (1253-1275 CE), his brother Maravarman Vikkiraman III (acceded 1283 CE) and Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan II (acceded 1277 CE).<ref>Narasayya, p41</ref> [[Marco Polo]] refers to him as the "eldest of five brother kings".<ref>Aiyangar, P.65</ref>

==Military conquests==

===Wars against Cholas and Hoysalas===
Kulasekara Pandyan presided over the second Pandyan empire at its height of power and extension. He warred against the [[Hoysala]]s under Ramanatha and the [[Chola]]s under [[Rajendra Chola III]]. He defeated them both in 1279 CE and ended the three century long [[Chola]] rule. The defeat of Ramanatha ended the Hoysala control of Tamil Nadu. He also fought a war in the kingdom of [[Venad]] in southernmost [[Kerala]], and captured [[Kollam]].<ref>KA Nilakanta Sastri, p197</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sastri |first=K. A. Nilakanta |url=http://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.16035 |title=History of South India |date=1958 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nilakanta Sastri |first=K. A. |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.csl.5955 |title=The Pandyan kingdom : from the earliest to the sixteenth century |date=1929 |publisher=Luzac,London}}</ref>

===Invasion of Sri Lanka===
Kulasekara Pandyan sent an expedition to [[Sri Lanka]] under his minister [[Kulasekara Cinkaiariyan]] [[Aryacakravarti]] in the late 1270s, defeating [[Savakanmaindan]], a tributary to the Pandyans on the [[Jaffna kingdom]]. This expedition plundered the fortress of Subhagiri ([[Yapahuwa]]) and returned with the [[Relic of the tooth of the Buddha]].<ref>Kunarasa, p.66</ref> This expedition took place near the end of the Sri Lankan king [[Bhuvanaikabahu I of Dambadeniya|Bhuvanaikabâhu I]]'s reign (1272-1285 CE). Bhuvanaika Bahu's successor [[Parakramabahu III of Dambadeniya|Parâkkamabâhu III]] went on a personal embassy to Kulasekaran's court and persuaded him to return the relic. [[Kingdom of Jaffna|Jaffna kingdom]] was under Pandyan [[suzerainty]] for the next twenty years and only regained its independence during the Pandyan Civil war of 1308-1323 that followed Kulasekaran's death.<ref>KA Nilakanta Sastri, p197</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sastri |first=K. A. Nilakanta |url=http://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.16035 |title=History of South India |date=1958 |language=English}}</ref>

==Rule, titles and patronage==

Kulasekaran's long rule of about four decades was one of peace and prosperity according to the foreign travelers who visited the Pandyan country during his reign. The Persian historian [[Wassaf|Abdulla Wassaf]] of [[Shiraz]] describes the country under Kulasekaran as the most agreeable abode on earth and the most pleasant quarter of the world. He also claims that an Arab Muslim named Takiuddin Abdur Rahman, son of Muhammadut Tibi, was appointed by Kulasekara Pandyan as the prime minister and adviser. He was also bestowed with the coastal cities of [[Kulasekharapatnam]], [[Kayalpattinam]], Fitan and Mali Fitan for his services to the crown.<ref>Prashant More, p.9</ref>

He gifted a piece of land from his leisure park (Vasantha mandapam) to Kazi Syed Tajuddeen who came from Oman and settled in [[Madurai]]. Kazi Syed Tajuddeen constructed a mosque named [[Kazimar Big Mosque]] which is still in existence and has been managed by his male descendants continuously for 7 centuries.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}

Wassaf's accounts which refer to Kulasekaran as ''Kales Dewar'' say he ruled for "forty and odd" years, "during which time neither any foreign enemy entered his country, nor any severe malady confined him to bed" and that the treasury of the city of Mardi (Madurai) had "1,200 crores of gold not counting the accumulation of precious stones such as pearls, rubies, turquoises, and emeralds."<ref>Aiyangar, P.96</ref> The term "crore" here means a "hundred thousand" as per the now-defunct Persian number system.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Annamalai |first=S. |date=24 October 2012 |title=When coffers were replete with wealth |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-editorialfeatures/when-coffers-were-replete-with-wealth/article4027024.ece |access-date=9 October 2021 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> It must be mentioned that Wassaf himself never visited any part of India and is generally considered an unreliable source by scholars.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Pickthall |first1=M.W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wYUSAAAAIAAJ |title=Islamic Culture |last2=Asad |first2=M. |journal=Islamic Culture: An English Quarterly |publisher=Islamic Culture Board |year=1928 |pages=531 |issn=0021-1834 |access-date=9 October 2021 |issue=v. 2}}</ref> The [[Mahavamsa]], while describing the Pandyan plunder of the tooth relic, describes Kulasekaran as "like a sun expanding the lotus-like race of the great Pandyan kings."<ref>Aiyangar, P.58</ref>

[[Marco Polo]] visited the Pandyan country during his reign and wrote about the wealth and social customs of Pandyan people. His accounts refer to Kulasekaran as ''Asciar'' or ''Ashcar''. Marco Polo describes the Pandyan port city of Kulasekharapatnam as "it is at this city that all the ships touch that come from the west, as from Hormos and from Kis and from Aden, and all Arabia, laden with horses and with other things for sale." Lighthouses can still be seen along the shore which were used to direct ships. In Kulsekarapatnam, small ships known as ''dhoni'' operated until 1965. Kulasekharapatnam still has a light house near [[Manapad]], leading to the conclusion that the place Marco Polo mentioned is Kulasekharapatnam''.<ref>Aiyangar, P.55</ref> ''He also wrote about the pearl fisheries, horse trade, [[Sati (practice)|sati]] and [[devadasi]]s. Also in Kulasekharapatnam now even called [[Rowther]] Palayam that a part of it, [[Rowther]]s a section of Muslim called like that their cavalry and trade with horses.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iWEwAQAAIAAJ&q=+Rowthers |title=Tamil Nadu State: Thoothukudi District |date=2007 |publisher=Director of Stationery and Print |language=en}}</ref>

Kulasekaran built the Manivanneswaram aka [[Masilamaninathar temple, Tharangambadi|Masilamaninathar]] temple in [[Tharangambadi]].{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} He also built the outer wall of the [[Thirunelveli]] Nellaiappar temple. He was given the titles of {{Lang|ta-Latn|Kollamkondan}} ({{langx|ta|கொல்லம் கொண்டான்}})<ref>Narasayya, p44</ref> meaning "Conqueror of [[Kollam]]" and {{Lang|ta-Latn|Konerinmaikondan}} ({{langx|ta|கோ நேர் இன்மை கொண்டான்}}) meaning "King without equal".<ref>Aiyangar P.56</ref> Except for the Alwar Thirunagari inscription, all of Kulasekaran's inscriptions do not contain any [[Meikeerthi]]. The Alwar Thirunagari inscription from his fourth year of reign (1272 CE) praises him as {{Lang|ta-Latn|Sri Ko Maravanman Thiribhuvana Chakravarthi Sri Kulasekaran}} ({{langx|ta| ஸ்ரீ கோ மாறவன்மரான திரிபுவன சக்கரவர்த்திகள் ஸ்ரீ குலசேகரன்}}).<ref>Aiyangar, P.222-223</ref>

==Death and civil war==
The death of Kulasekara Pandyan I occurred in 1308 CE, a conflict stemming from succession disputes amongst his sons, Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan III, the legitimate and younger son and Jatavarman Veera Pandyan II, the illegitimate older son who was favoured by the king. Accounts from Muslim historians Wassaf and [[Amir Khusrow]] say he was killed by Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan III in 1310 CE.<ref>Aiyangar, p.97</ref> This led to the protracted Pandyan Civil War of 1308–1323.<ref>{{Cite web |last=tvaraj |date=2018-03-24 |title=The Paravars: Chapter 6 – The Muhammadan Invasion of the Pandya Kingdom |url=https://tvaraj.com/2018/03/24/the-paravars-chapter-6-the-muhammadan-invasion-of-the-pandya-kingdom/ |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=Impressions |language=en}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Pandya]]|before=[[Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan I]]|after=Pandyan Civil war of 1308-1323 |years=1268–1308}}
{{s-end}}

[[Category:Pandyan kings]]
[[Category:1308 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:13th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:14th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:13th-century Hindus]]
[[Category:14th-century Hindus]]
[[Category:Tamil Muslims]]

Manilkara zapota

2026-03-12T23:43:55Z

DinahFlo5043561: general cleaned up intro for clarity and updated info

{{Short description|Species of tropical evergreen tree}}
{{for|other plants called "sapote"|Sapote}}
{{stack|
{{speciesbox
|name =
|image = സപ്പോട്ട.jpg
|status = LC
|status_system = IUCN3.1
|status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn | author1 = Martínez Salas, E. | author2 = Samain, M. | author3 = Oldfield, S. | name-list-style = amp | title = ''Manilkara zapota'' | article-number = e.T61964429A61964470 | year = 2021 | access-date = 23 June 2022}}</ref>
|genus = Manilkara
|species = zapota
|authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) P.Royen
|synonyms = [[#Synonyms|See text]]
}}
{{nutritional value
| name=Sapodilla, raw
| image=Sapodilla Malay with seeds.jpg
| caption=Fruit, cross-section
| kJ=347
| protein=0.44 g
| fat=1.1 g
| carbs=19.96 g
| fiber=5.3 g
| calcium_mg=21
| iron_mg=0.8
| magnesium_mg=12
| phosphorus_mg=12
| potassium_mg=193
| sodium_mg=12
| zinc_mg=0.1
| vitC_mg=14.7
| riboflavin_mg=0.02
| niacin_mg=0.2
| pantothenic_mg=0.252
| vitB6_mg=0.037
| folate_ug=14
| source_usda = 1
| note=[https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/167759/nutrients Link to USDA Database entry]
}}
}}

'''''Manilkara zapota''''', commonly known as '''sapodilla''' ({{IPAc-es|lang|ˌ|s|a|p|o|ˈ|d|i|y|a}}),<ref name=PLANTS>{{PLANTS | symbol = MAZA | taxon = Manilkara zapota | access-date = 23 June 2022}}</ref> '''sapote''', '''chicozapote''', '''chico''', '''chicoo''', '''chicle''', '''naseberry''', '''nispero''', or '''soapapple''', among other names,<ref name="GRIN">{{GRIN | access-date = 23 June 2022}}</ref><ref name="Small">{{cite book |last1=Small |first1=Ernest |year=2011 |title=Top 100 Exotic Food Plants |location=Boca Raton, Louisiana, USA |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-4398-5688-8 |pages=515–524}}</ref>{{rp|515}} is an [[evergreen]] tree native to southern Mexico and Central America. An example natural occurrence is in coastal [[Yucatán Peninsula|Yucatán]], in the [[Petenes mangroves]] ecoregion, where it is a subdominant plant species.<ref>World Wildlife Fund. eds. Mark McGinley, C.Michael Hogan & C. Cleveland. 2010. [http://www.eoearth.org/article/Petenes_mangroves?topic=49597 ''Petenes mangroves''. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015030054/http://www.eoearth.org/article/Petenes_mangroves?topic=49597 |date=2011-10-15 }}</ref> It was introduced to the Philippines during Spanish colonization.<ref>{{cite book |last=Fernandez |first=Doreen G. |year=1997 |title=Fruits of the Philippines |location=Makati City, Luzon, Philippines |publisher=Bookmark Inc |page=22 |isbn=971-569-261-3}}</ref> It is grown in large quantities in Mexico and in tropical Asia, including India, Pakistan, Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Bangladesh, as well as in the Caribbean.

== Common names ==
Most of the common names of ''Manilkara zapota'' like "sapodilla", "chiku", and "chicozapote" come from [[Spanish language|Spanish]] meaning "little [[sapote]]".<ref name="Small"/>{{rp|515}} Other common names in English include '''bully tree''', '''soapapple tree''', '''sawo''', '''marmalade plum'''<ref name=EPPO>{{cite web | title = ''Manilkara zapota'' | url = https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/MNKZA | publisher = [[European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization]] (EPPO) | access-date = 23 June 2022}}</ref> and '''dilly tree'''.<ref name=DILLY>{{cite journal | title = ''Manilkara zapota (Naseberry): Medicinal Properties and Food Applications'' | date = 2020 | journal = [[International Journal of Fruit Science]] | doi = 10.1080/15538362.2019.1687071 | last1 = Tulloch | first1 = Adrian | last2 = Goldson-Barnaby | first2 = Andrea | last3 = Bailey | first3 = Dennis | last4 = Gupte | first4 = Sonal | volume = 20 | pages = S1–S7 | bibcode = 2020IJFS...20S...1T }}</ref>

The [[Specific epithet (botany)|specific epithet]] ''zapota'' is from the Spanish {{lang|es|zapote}} {{IPA|es|saˈpote|}}, which ultimately derives from the [[Nahuatl]] word {{lang|nah|[[sapote|tzapotl]]}} used for other similar-looking fruits.<ref name="Small"/>{{rp|519, 521}}

== Description ==
[[image:Sapodilla tree.jpg|thumb|left|Sapodilla tree]]

A sapodilla tree can live up to one hundred years.<ref>[https://indiaagronet.com/horticulture/CONTENTS/sapota.htm#:~:text=It%20is%20evergreen%2C%20tropical%20fruit,is%20eaten%20as%20dessert%20fruit. Horticulture: Crop Plantation Guidence <nowiki>[sic]</nowiki> - The Sapota (Chickoo)]. ''India Agro''. Retrieved 8 August, 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.agrifarming.in/sapota-grafting-methodschikoo-pruning-training#introduction-to-sapota Introduction to Sapota]. ''Agri Farming''. Retrieved 14 August, 2023.</ref> It can grow to more than {{convert|30|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} tall with a trunk diameter of up to {{convert|1.5|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}; but the average height of cultivated specimens is usually between {{convert|9|and|15|m|ft|abbr=on}} with a trunk diameter not exceeding {{convert|50|cm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref>[http://www.worldagroforestry.org/treedb2/AFTPDFS/Manilkara_zapota.pdf ''Manilkara zapota'' Sapotaceae (L.) van Royen], Orwa C, Mutua A, Kindt R, Jamnadass R, Simons A. 2009. Agroforestree Database:a tree reference and selection guide version 4.0 (http://www.worldagroforestry.org/af/treedb/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023084159/http://www.worldagroforestry.org/af/treedb/ |date=2017-10-23 }})</ref> It is wind-resistant and the bark is rich in a white, gummy [[latex]] called [[chicle]]. Its leaves are elliptic to ovate {{convert|6–15|cm|0|abbr=on}} long with entire margins on {{convert|1–3|cm|0|abbr=on}} long petioles; they are medium green and glossy with brown and slightly furry midribs. They are arranged alternately.<ref name="FoNA">{{cite book |chapter=Manilkara zapota |chapter-url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200017540 |title=Flora of North America |year=2009 |location=New York and Oxford |publisher=Flora of North America Association |volume=8 |pages=232, 234–235 |via=eFloras}}</ref>

The trees can survive only in warm, typically tropical environments (although it has low tolerance to drought and heat in its early years),<ref>[https://gardenoracle.com/images/manilkara-zapota.html#:~:text=Heat%20tolerant%3A%20These%20trees%20have,part%20shade%20in%20hot%20climates. Growing Sapodilla: Manilkara zapota]. ''Garden Oracle''. Retrieved 8 August, 2023. "Heat tolerant: These trees have difficulty when young, over 90°F, and when mature, over 105°F. They will need afternoon shade and extra water in these temperatures. Drought tolerant: Yes, after three years."</ref> dying easily if the temperature drops below freezing. From germination, the sapodilla tree will usually take anywhere from five to eight years to bear fruit. The sapodilla trees yield fruit twice a year, though flowering may continue year round.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kute |first1=L.S. |last2=Shete |first2=M.B. |title=Handbook of Fruit Science and Technology |chapter=Sapota (Sapodilla) |date=1995 |publisher=CRC Press |pages=475–476 |doi=10.1201/9781482273458-31 |isbn=978-0-429-15273-3 }}</ref>

The white flowers are inconspicuous and bell-like, with a six-lobed corolla.

=== Fruit ===
[[File:Sapodilla in Guntur .jpg|thumb|right|Sapodilla fruits being sold on a street in [[Guntur]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India]]

The fruit is a large berry, {{convert|4–8|cm|0|abbr=on}} in diameter.<ref name="FoNA"/><ref name="Harris2009">{{cite book|last1=Harris|first1=Kate|title=Trees of Belize|date=2009|publisher=Bay Cedar Publishing|location=Belize|isbn=978-0-9927582-0-2|pages=94–95}}</ref> An unripe fruit has a firm outer skin and when picked, releases white latex (chicle) from its stem. A fully ripened fruit has saggy skin and does not release chicle when picked. Inside, its flesh ranges from a pale yellow to an earthy brown color with a grainy texture akin to that of a well-ripened pear. Each fruit contains one to six seeds.<ref name="Harris2009"/> The seeds are hard, glossy, and black, resembling beans, with a hook at one end that can catch in the throat if swallowed.


The ripe fruit has an exceptionally sweet, malty flavor. The unripe fruit is hard to the touch and contains high amounts of [[saponin]], which has [[astringent]] properties similar to [[tannin]], drying out the mouth.{{citation needed|date= May 2024}}

{{clear left}}

== Biological studies ==
Compounds extracted from the leaves showed [[anti-diabetic]], [[antioxidant]] and [[Cholesterol-lowering drug|hypocholesterolemic]] ([[cholesterol]]-lowering) effects in rats.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Fayek NM, Monem AR, Mossa MY, Meselhy MR, Shazly AH | title = Chemical and biological study of ''Manilkara zapota'' (L.) Van Royen leaves (Sapotaceae) cultivated in Egypt. | journal = Pharmacognosy Research | volume = 4 | issue = 2 | pages = 85–91 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22518080 | doi = 10.4103/0974-8490.94723 | pmc=3326762 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

Acetone extracts of the seeds exhibited ''[[in vitro]]'' antibacterial effects against strains of ''[[Pseudomonas oleovorans]]'' and ''[[Vibrio cholerae]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kothari V, Seshadri S | title = In vitro antibacterial activity in seed extracts of ''Manilkara zapota'', ''Anona squamosa'', and ''Tamarindus indica''. | journal = Biol. Res. | volume = 43 | issue = 2 | pages = 165–8 | year = 2010 | pmid = 21031260 | doi = 10.4067/S0716-97602010000200003| doi-access = free }}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Manilkara-zapota-yucatan.jpg
File:Chikoo seeds.jpg
File:Manilkara zapota.jpg
File:Manilkara zapota - Nispero fruit and leaves 01.jpg
File:Manilkara zapota - Nispero fruit and leaves 04.jpg
File:Chikoo.JPG
File:Sapodilla fruit from Bangladesh.jpg
File:Sapodilla plant in Bangladesh.jpg
</gallery>

==Synonyms==
[[Synonym (taxonomy)|Synonyms]] of this species include:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:152641-2#synonyms |title=''Calotropis gigantea'' (L.) P. Royen |date=2024 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=4 May 2024}}</ref>

{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
*''Achradelpha mammosa'' (L.) O.F.Cook
*''Achras breviloba'' (Gilly) Lundell
*''Achras calderonii'' (Gilly) Lundell
*''Achras conzattii'' (Gilly) Lundell
*''Achras coriacea'' Lundell
*''Achras dactylina'' Lundell
*''Achras gaumeri'' (Gilly) Lundell
*''Achras latiloba'' Lundell
*''Achras lobulata'' (Lundell) Lundell
*''Achras lucuma'' Blanco
*''Achras mammosa'' L. nom. illeg.
*''Achras meridionalis'' (Gilly) Lundell
*''Achras occidentalis'' Cels ex Ten.
*''Achras paludosa'' Lundell
*''Achras petenensis'' (Lundell) Lundell
*''Achras rojasii'' (Gilly) Lundell
*''Achras sapatilla'' J.Paul & W.Arnold
*''Achras sapota'' L. [Spelling variant]
*''Achras striata'' (Gilly) Lundell
*''Achras tabogaensis'' (Gilly) Lundell
*''Achras tainteriana'' Lundell
*''Achras tchicoomame'' Perr.
*''Achras verrucosa'' Stokes
*''Achras zapota'' L.
*''Achras zapotilla'' (Jacq.) Nutt.
*''Calocarpum mammosum'' (L.) Pierre
*''Calospermum mammosum'' (L.) Pierre
*''Gambeya mammosa'' (L.) Pierre
*''Lucuma mammosa'' (L.) C.F.Gaertn.
*''Lucuma zapota'' (L.) Urb.
*''Manilkara achras'' (Mill.) Fosberg
*''Manilkara breviloba'' Gilly
*''Manilkara calderonii'' Gilly
*''Manilkara conzattii'' Gilly
*''Manilkara gaumeri'' Gilly
*''Manilkara grisebachii'' (Pierre) Dubard
*''Manilkara meridionalis'' Gilly
*''Manilkara rojasii'' Gilly
*''Manilkara striata'' Gilly
*''Manilkara tabogaensis'' Gilly
*''Manilkara zapotilla'' (Jacq.) Gilly
*''Manilkariopsis lobulata'' Lundell
*''Manilkariopsis meridionalis'' (Gilly) Lundell
*''Manilkariopsis petenensis'' Lundell
*''Manilkariopsis rojasii'' (Gilly) Lundell
*''Manilkariopsis striata'' (Gilly) Lundell
*''Manilkariopsis tabogaensis'' (Gilly) Lundell
*''Mimusops grisebachii'' Pierre
*''Nispero achras'' (Mill.) Aubrév.
*''Pouteria mammosa'' (L.) Cronquist
*''Sapota achras'' Mill.
*''Sapota zapotilla'' (Jacq.) Coville ex Safford
*''Vitellaria mammosa'' (L.) Radlk.
}}

==Uses==
The fruit is edible and a favorite in the tropical Americas.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hargreaves|first1=Dorothy|last2=Hargreaves|first2=Bob|title=Tropical Trees of Hawaii|year=1964|publisher=Hargreaves|location=Kailua, Hawaii|page=14}}</ref> [[Chicle]] from the bark is used to make chewing gum.

==See also==
* [[Sapote]]

==References==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikispecies}}
{{Reflist|32em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/sapodilla.html CRFG Publications: Sapodilla] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206195216/http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/sapodilla.html |date=2008-12-06 }}
* [https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/sapodilla.html Sapodilla – Fruits of Warm Climates – Julia F. Morton]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q14959}}

[[Category:Manilkara|zapota]]
[[Category:Flora of Mexico]]
[[Category:Flora of Belize]]
[[Category:Flora of Guatemala]]
[[Category:Crops originating from indigenous Americans]]
[[Category:Tropical fruit]]
[[Category:Saponaceous plants]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
[[Category:Botanical taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]

Sonal Madhushankar

2026-03-10T20:16:02Z

DinahFlo5043561: added entry

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Sonal Madhushankar at Mami 2025.jpg
| caption = Sonal Madhushankar at Mumbai Mami 2025
| other_names = Sonal Sogare
| alma_mater = Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering, Research and Technology, Chandrapur
| occupation = actress
}}
'''Sonal Madhushankar''' (also credited as '''Sonal Sagore''') is an Indian actress known for her work in films, web series, and theatre. She gained recognition for her roles in ''[[Gangubai Kathiawadi]]'' (2022) and the festival-acclaimed film ''[[Humans in the Loop (film)|Humans in the Loop]]'' (2024).

== Early life and education ==
Sonal hails from [[Chandrapur|Chandrapur, Maharashtra]]. She pursued a Bachelor of Engineering in electronics from RCERT, Chandrapur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering, Research & Technology, Chandrapur |url=https://www.rcert.ac.in/ |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=www.rcert.ac.in}}</ref> Her passion for the performing arts led her to obtain a postgraduate degree in acting from the Drama School of Mumbai (DSM).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Drama School Mumbai {{!}} Premier Theatre Acting Courses in India |url=https://dramaschoolmumbai.in/ |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Drama School Mumbai |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Career ==

=== Film and television ===
Sonal made her feature film debut in 2022 with [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali|Sanjay Leela Bhansali's]] ''[[Gangubai Kathiawadi]]'', portraying the character "Banno."<ref>Gangubai Kathiawadi</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mathur |first=Surabhi |date=2023-10-15 |title=Sonal Sagore of Gangubai Kathiawadi fame, revvs up for her new play — The Last Audience |url=https://medium.com/thefilmprofileblog/sonal-sagore-of-gangubai-kathiawadi-fame-revvs-up-for-her-new-play-the-last-audience-a6efcb85e30b |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=TheFilmProfileBlog |language=en}}</ref>

In 2024, she starred as "Nehma" in the [[Hindi]]-[[Kurukh language|Kurukh]] film ''[[Humans in the Loop (film)|Humans in the Loop]]'', directed by Aranya Sahay. The film follows an [[Adivasi]] woman from [[Jharkhand]] who unexpectedly finds herself interacting with [[artificial intelligence]], unraveling its hidden biases and ethical dilemmas.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Oommen |first=Nainu |date=2024-12-20 |title=IFFK 2024: 'Humans in the Loop' cautions against Artificial Intelligence driven by dominant narratives |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/iffk-2024-humans-in-the-loop-movie-about-artificial-intelligence-biases/article69007960.ece |access-date=2025-04-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Humans in the Loop |url=https://indianfilmfestival.org/films/humans-in-the-loop/ |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=IFFLA |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kodur |first=Swaroop |date=2025-03-06 |title=Humans in the Loop review: A lyrical take on AI and humanity |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/humans-in-the-loop-review-a-lyrical-take-on-ai-and-humanity |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Humans in the Loop' Movie Review: A Profound Take on Artificial Intelligence and Natural Order |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/theatrical/humans-in-the-loop-movie-review-a-profound-take-on-artificial-intelligence-and-natural-order |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=The Hollywood Reporter India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title={{!}} MAMI Mumbai Film Festival |url=https://mami.mumbaifilmfestival.com/media/becoming-our-beliefs-a-contemplation/ |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=mami.mumbaifilmfestival.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Humans in the Loop {{!}} Film Critics Guild |url=https://filmcriticsguild.com/mreviews/humans-in-the-loop/ |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=filmcriticsguild.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-08 |title=Becoming Our Beliefs: A Contemplation On Humans In The Loop |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/becoming-our-beliefs-a-contemplation-on-humans-in-the-loop |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Outlook India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sarkar |first=Dipankar |date=2025-03-15 |title='Humans in the Loop' Review: AI, Identity, and the Burden of Bias |url=https://talkingfilms.net/humans-in-the-loop-review-ai-identity-and-the-burden-of-bias/ |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Talking Films |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Joshi |first=Namrata |date=2025-03-01 |title=AI in cinema: Balancing innovation, authenticity at Academy Awards |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/2025/Mar/01/ai-in-cinema-balancing-innovation-authenticity-at-academy-awards |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-01-02 |title=Film on AI and Adivasi culture screened at IIM-Calcutta and Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/film-on-ai-and-adivasi-culture-screened-at-iim-calcutta-and-satyajit-ray-film-and-television-institute/articleshow/116882255.cms |access-date=2025-04-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BIFFes |url=https://biffes.org/filmdetails/537 |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=biffes.org}}</ref>{{Excessive citations inline|date=April 2025}}

Her web series credits include roles such as Rosy Telkar in ''[[Duranga]]'' (2023), Rashmi in ''[[Delhi Crime]]'' Season 2 (2022), Akka in ''Die Trying'' (2018), and Ragini in ''Kalamanch'' (2023).

=== Theatre ===
Sonal has an extensive background in theatre with more than 10 years of experience, having performed with various groups across [[India]]. She played the lead role of "Seema" in the Hindi play ''The Last Audience'',<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sinha |first=Deepak |date=2024-07-24 |title=RAD PREVIEW: The Last Audience play from Mumbai depicts kindness and cruelty for children amidst four walls of home! |url=https://www.rasaaurdrama.com/post/rad-preview-the-last-audience-play-from-mumbai-reverberates-safety-and-kindness-for-children-amids |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=RAD TIMES MEDIA |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=editorial |first=M. T. G. |date=2023-10-06 |title=THE LAST AUDIENCE Hindi Play/Drama directed by Rahul Patil starring Sidhanta Nayak, Sonal Sagore, Nilesh Mamgain, Vidhi Dubey, Shibani Phulewale written by Rahul Patil. |url=https://www.mumbaitheatreguide.com/dramas/hindi/the-last-audience-hindi-play-preview.asp# |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=MumbaiTheatreGuide.com |language=en}}</ref> and has also acted in other plays such as ''The Last Laugh'', ''[[:hi:ध्रुवस्वामिनी (नाटक)|Dhruvswamini]]'', ''[[Badal Sircar|Baaki Itihas]]'', ''Ande Ke Chilke'', ''Aaina'', and ''Andhon Ka Hathi''.

=== Other work ===
Outside of acting, Sonal is trained in [[Chhau dance]], [[clowning]], and [[pistol shooting]]. She also served as the casting lead at [[Yash Raj Films]] for two years, contributing to films like ''[[Mardaani 2]]'' and ''[[Bunty Aur Babli 2]]''.

== Filmography ==

=== Films ===

* ''[[Gangubai Kathiawadi]]'' (2022) – as Banno
* ''[[Humans in the Loop (film)|Humans in the Loop]]'' (2024) – as Nehma
* ''Danga'' (2024) – as Shanti

=== Web Series ===

* ''[[Duranga]]'' (2023) – as Rosy Telkar
* ''[[Delhi Crime|Delhi Crime: Season 2]]'' (2022) – as Rashmi
* ''Die Trying'' (2018) – as Akka
* ''Kalamanch'' (2023) – as Ragini
* ''[[Black, White & Gray - Love Kills|Black White and Grey]]'' (2025)

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==

* {{IMDb name|9657096}}
* [https://www.instagram.com/sonal_madhushankar/ Instagram]
* [https://www.youtube.com/@gussailkhana YouTube]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Madhushankar, Sonal}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Critics of artificial intelligence]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]

Sarbananda Sonowal

2026-03-09T16:25:08Z

DinahFlo5043561: Page refined with updated information

{{short description|Union Cabinet Minister from Assam (born 1962)}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = Sonowal in 2026.jpg
| caption = Sonowal in 2026
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1962|10|31}}
| birth_place = [[Dibrugarh district|Mulukgaon]], [[Assam]], India
| office = [[Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways|Union Minister of Ports, Shipping and Waterways]]
| primeminister = [[Narendra Modi]]
| term_start = 7 July 2021
| term_end =
| office1 = [[Ministry of AYUSH|Union Minister of AYUSH]]
| primeminister1 = Narendra Modi
| term_start1 = 7 July 2021
| term_end1 = 10 June 2024
| predecessor1 = [[Shripad Naik]]
| successor1 = [[Prataprao Ganpatrao Jadhav]] (as MoS I/C)
| office2 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]]
| predecessor2 = [[Biswajit Daimary]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/sarbananda-sonowal-resgins-from-assam-assembly-rajya-sabha-1858241-2021-09-28 |title=Day after election to Rajya Sabha, Sarbananda Sonowal resigns from Assam Assembly |work=India Today |date=28 September 2021 |author=Hemanta Kumar Nath |language=en}}</ref>
| term_start2 = 1 October 2021
| term_end2 = 4 June 2024
| constituency2 = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Assam|Assam]]
| office3 = [[Cabinet Committee on Political Affairs|Member of the Cabinet Committee on Political Affairs]]
| term_start3 = 12 July 2021
| term_end3 =
| primeminister3 = Narendra Modi
| order4 = 14th
| office4 = Chief Minister of Assam
| governor4 = [[Padmanabha Acharya]] [[Banwarilal Purohit]] [[Jagdish Mukhi]]
| predecessor4 = [[Tarun Gogoi]]
| successor4 = [[Himanta Biswa Sarma]]
| term_start4 = 24 May 2016
| term_end4 = 10 May 2021
| office5 = [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports|Union Minister of State for Youth Affairs and Sports]]
| primeminister5 = Narendra Modi
| predecessor5 = [[Jitendra Singh (Congress politician)|Jitendra Singh]]
| successor5 = [[Jitendra Singh (BJP politician)|Jitendra Singh]]
| term_start5 = 26 May 2014
| term_end5 = 23 May 2016<ref>{{cite web | author=PTI | title=Sarbananda Sonowal resigns as Union Minister | website=The Financial Express | date=22 May 2016 | url=http://www.financialexpress.com/article/india-news/sarbananda-sonowal-resigns-as-union-minister/262771/ | access-date=24 May 2016}}</ref>
| office6 = [[Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship|Union Minister of State for Entrepreneurship and Skill Development]]
| primeminister6 = Narendra Modi
| term_start6 = 26 May 2014
| term_end6 = 9 November 2014
| predecessor6 = ''office established''
| successor6 = [[Rajiv Pratap Rudy]]
| office7 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| constituency7 = [[Dibrugarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dibrugarh, Assam]]
| term_start7 = 4 June 2024
| term_end7 =
| predecessor7 = [[Rameshwar Teli]]
| constituency8 = [[Lakhimpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lakhimpur, Assam]]
| term_start8 = 16 May 2014
| term_end8 = 23 May 2016
| predecessor8 = [[Ranee Narah]]
| successor8 = [[Pradan Baruah]]
| constituency9 = [[Dibrugarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dibrugarh, Assam]]
| term_start9 = 13 May 2004
| term_end9 = 15 May 2009
| predecessor9 = [[Paban Singh Ghatowar]]
| successor9 = Paban Singh Ghatowar
| office10 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Assam Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency10 = [[Majuli (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Majuli]]
| term_start10 = 19 May 2016
| term_end10 = 28 September 2021
| predecessor10 = [[Rajib Lochan Pegu]]
| successor10 = [[Bhuban Gam]]
| constituency11 = [[Moran Town|Moran]]
| term_start11 = 13 May 2001
| term_end11 = 16 May 2004
| predecessor11 = Joy Chandra Nagbanshi
| successor11 = Jibantara Ghatowar
| office12 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|President of Bharatiya Janata Party, Assam]]
| term_start12 = 2012
| term_end12 = 2014
| predecessor12 = [[Ranjit Dutta]]
| successor12 = [[Siddhartha Bhattacharya]]
| term_start13 = 2015
| term_end13 = 2016
| predecessor13 = [[Siddhartha Bhattacharya]]
| successor13 = [[Ranjeet Kumar Dass]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] {{small|(2011-present)}}
| otherparty = [[Asom Gana Parishad]] {{small|(2001-11)}}
| spouse =
| parents =
| alma_mater = *[[Dibrugarh Hanumanbax Surajmall Kanoi College|DHSK College]], [[Dibrugarh University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]])
*[[Gauhati University]] ([[Bachelor of Laws|LL.B]], [[Bachelor of Journalism|B.C.J]])
| profession = Lawyer
| nati§ve_name =
| residence = {{ubl|29, Pandit Ravi Shankar Shukla Lane, [[New Delhi]]}}
}}

'''Sarbananda Sonowal''' ({{IPA|as|xɔɹbanɔndɔ xʊnʊwal|lang|}}; born 31 October 1962) is an Indian politician who is serving as the 2nd [[Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways|Minister of Ports, Shipping and Waterways]] since 2021.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=http://assamassembly.gov.in/sarbananda-sonowal.html |title=Chief Minister of Assam |work=Assam Legislative Assembly |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/jatir-nayak-sarbananda-sonowal-ex-assam-cm-to-begin-new-innings-in-pm-modis-cabinet-3934322.html |title='Jatir Nayak' Sarbananda Sonowal: Ex-Assam CM Begins New Innings in Modi Cabinet as Shipping Minister |date=8 July 2021 |work=News18 |language=en}}</ref> He also has been a [[Government of India|Member of the Rajya Sabha representing Assam since 2021]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sarbananda-sonowal-l-murugan-take-oath-as-rajya-sabha-members-2560451 |title=Sarbananda Sonowal, L Murugan Take Oath As Rajya Sabha Members |date=1 October 2021 |work=NDTV |language=en}}</ref> and also a member of the [[Cabinet Committee on Political Affairs]] since 2021.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/irani-sonowal-named-for-cabinet-committee-on-political-affairs-in-rejig-121071300180_1.html |title=Irani, Sonowal named for Cabinet committee on political affairs in rejig |work=Business Standard |date=13 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref> He previously served as the 14th [[Chief Minister of Assam]] (2016–2021), as a member of [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] for Majuli (2016–2021) and for Moran (2001–2004). Sonowal earlier served as the Assam state unit President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) from 2012 to 2014 and again from 2015 to 2016.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Sarbananda-Sonowal-A-profile/article14336945.ece |title=Sarbananda Sonowal: A profile |work=The Hindu |date=3 April 2016 |language=en}}</ref> He also served as the Minister of Sports and Youth Affairs, Government of India, from 2014 to 2016 and the Minister of State for Entrepreneurship and Skill Development from 2014 to 2014 and the member of the Lok Sabha from Lakhimpur from 2014 to 2016 and from Dibrugarh from 2004 to 2009. He was also the member of the [[Asom Gana Parishad]] from 2001 to 2011.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/portfolios-of-the-union-council-of-ministers-2/ | title=Portfolios of the Union Council of Ministers | publisher=PM India | access-date=24 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/assam-kerala-elections-2016-ballotin-eye-on-dispur/|title=Ballotin: Eye on Dispur|date=2016-03-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|agency=ANI|date=Jul 7, 2021|title=Former Assam CM Sarbananda Sonowal takes oath as Union minister in PM Modi's Cabinet {{!}} India News-Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/former-assam-cm-sarbananda-sonowal-takes-oath-as-union-minister-in-pm-modis-cabinet/articleshow/84205581.cms|access-date=2021-07-07|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Sarbananda Sonowal was born on 31 October 1962 to a [[Sonowal Kachari people|Sonowal]] family in Muluk Gaon located in the [[Dibrugarh district]] of Assam to Jibeswar Sonowal ''(father)'' and Dineswari Sonowal ''(mother)''.

Sonowal did his schooling at Don Bosco High School, Dibrugarh.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.donboscoindia.com/english/bis/newscomments_default.php?newsid=7578 |title=Archived copy |access-date=23 December 2022 |archive-date=3 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203222034/https://www.donboscoindia.com/english/bis/newscomments_default.php?newsid=7578 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> He completed his [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.(Hons)]] in [[English language|English]] from [[Dibrugarh Hanumanbax Surajmall Kanoi College]] under [[Dibrugarh University]] and his [[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]] from [[Gauhati University]] and [[Bachelor of Journalism|B.C.J]] from [[Gauhati University]].<ref name=":0" />

==Political career==
[[File:Shri Sarbananda Sonowal assumed charge as the Union Minister for Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, in New Delhi on June 11, 2024 (1).jpg|thumb|Sonowal taking charge as Union Minister for Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, in New Delhi on June 11, 2024.]]
[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi at the Swearing-in Ceremony of the New Government of Assam, in Guwahati (2).jpg|thumb|Sonowal taking oath as [[Chief Minister of Assam]] on 24 May, 2016.]]
Sarbananda Sonowal was the President of Assam's oldest student body, the [[All Assam Students Union]] (AASU) from 1992 to 1999. After that, he became a member of the [[Asom Gana Parishad]] (AGP). In 2001, he was elected as the MLA from '''[[Moran (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Moran]]''' constituency of [[Assam]]. In 2004, he became a Lok Sabha member representing the '''[[Dibrugarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dibrugarh]]''' constituency.<ref name="Sonowal Reference1" /> He lost Lok Sabha election from Dibrugarh in 2009. He joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) in 2011.<ref name="Sonowal Reference1" />

He was appointed president of BJP's Assam Unit in 2012 and is also a member of the party's National Executive. In the 2014 general election for Lok Sabha he was appointed to head Assam State's Lok Sabha Elections by BJP, and in the same year he was also elected as [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]], 16th Lok Sabha, from '''[[Lakhimpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lakhimpur]]''' Constituency.<ref name=" Sonowal Reference1" /> He was then appointed as Union Minister of State-Independent Charge, of the Government of India under the Modi Government at the center.
[[File:The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee administering the oath as Minister of State (Independent Charge) to Shri Sarbananda Sonowal, at a Swearing-in Ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on May 26, 2014.jpg|thumb|250px| The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee administering the oath as Minister of State (Independent Charge) to Shri Sarbananda Sonowal, at a Swearing-in Ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on May 26, 2014]]
He was selected as the CM candidate of BJP for the [[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2016 Assam Assembly Election]]. On 19 May 2016, Sarbananda Sonowal won the Assembly Election from '''[[Majuli (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Majuli]]''' Constituency, and he became Chief Minister of Assam, the first CM of the state from [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. In 2021 he was re-elected to Assam Vidhan Sabha from Majuli. He resigned as Chief Minister and proposed Himanta Biswa Sarma's name as his successor. He became [[Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways|Minister of Ports, Shipping and Waterways]] and [[Ministry of AYUSH|Minister of AYUSH]] in [[Second Modi ministry]] when cabinet overhaul happened.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/modi-cabinet-rejig-full-list-of-new-ministers-1825111-2021-07-07|title=Modi cabinet rejig: Full list of new ministers|website=India Today|access-date=2021-07-07}}</ref>

==Joining BJP==

Sarbananda Sonowal resigned from all executive posts within AGP and left the party, due to dissatisfaction with and amongst the senior leadership of the party who were trying to forge an alliance with a party that was against the scrapping of the controversial IMDT Act.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/assam-influx-scrapping-of-imdt-act-brought-aiudfs-badruddin-ajmal-into-politics-as-saviour-of-minorities-4364695.html |title=Assam influx: Scrapping of IMDT Act brought AIUDF's Badruddin Ajmal into politics as saviour of minorities |work=Firstpost |date=24 February 2018 |author=Moushumi Saikia |language=en}}</ref> On 8 February 2011, Sonowal joined [[BJP]] in the presence of the then BJP National President [[Nitin Gadkari]] and senior leaders like [[Varun Gandhi]], [[Vijay Goel (politician)|Vijay Goel]], [[Bijoya Chakravarty]] and state BJP president [[Ranjit Dutta]]. He was immediately appointed as a member of the BJP National Executive and later on the State Spokesperson of the BJP unit, prior to his current assignment to head the state as the new president. On 28 January 2016, BJP Parliamentary Board announced Sarbananda Sonowal as BJP Chief Ministerial candidate of Assam.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bjp-departs-from-practice-names-sarbananda-sonowal-as-assam-cm-candidate/articleshow/50761663.cms|title=BJP departs from practice, names Sarbananda Sonowal as Assam CM candidate|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=2016-01-28}}</ref>

==Personal life==
He is not married.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/delhi/story/yogi-adityanath-indias-bachelor-chief-ministers-club-966425-2017-03-19 |title=Yogi Adityanath is new entrant to India's bachelor chief ministers' club |work=India Today |date=19 March 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

==Positions held==

*2001-2004: Elected as MLA, Assam Legislative Assembly from [[Moran (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Moran Constituency]]
*2004: Elected as Member of Parliament, 14th Lok Sabha from [[Dibrugarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dibrugarh Constituency]]
*2005: Appointed Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Home Affairs
*2006: Appointed Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Commerce & Industry
*2011: Appointed National Executive Member of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
*2011: Appointed State Spokesperson and General Secretary for [[Assam]] [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
*2012: Appointed State President for [[Assam]] [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<ref name="Sonowal Reference1">{{cite news |title=Sarbananda Sonowal |url=https://indianexpress.com/profile/columnist/sarbananda-sonowal/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=18 December 2014 |language=en}}</ref>
*2014: Appointed to head State's [[16th Lok Sabha]] Elections [[Assam]] [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
*2014: Elected as Member of Parliament, [[16th Lok Sabha]] from [[Lakhimpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lakhimpur Constituency]]
*2014: Appointed Union Minister of State-Independent Charge, [[Republic of India]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ndtv.com/people/minister-of-state-independent-charge-sarbananda-sonowal-564060 |title=Minister of State (Independent Charge): Sarbananda Sonowal |work=NDTV |date=27 May 2014 |language=en}}</ref>
*2016: Declared as BJP Chief minister candidate for 2016 Assam assembly elections.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/ahead-of-assam-elections-bjp-names-sarbananda-sonowal-as-cm-candidate-2602584.html|title=Ahead of Assam elections, BJP names Sarbananda Sonowal as CM candidate - Firstpost|date=28 January 2016}}</ref>
* 2016-2021: [[Assam Legislative Assembly|Member of Assam Legislative Assembly]] from [[Majuli (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Majuli Constituency]]
* 2016–2021: 14th [[Chief Minister of Assam]]
* 2021–present: [[Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways|Minister of Ports, Shipping and Waterways]] and [[Ministry of AYUSH|Minister of AYUSH]] in the [[Government of India]]
* 2021–present: Member of the [[Cabinet Committee on Political Affairs]] in the [[Government of India]]
* 2021–2024: Member of Parliament, [[Rajya Sabha]]
* 2024- Present: [[Member of Parliament]], [[Dibrugarh Lok Sabha constituency]]<ref name="Bullish Wins & Bearish Losses: Here are the key contests and results of 2024 Lok Sabha polls">{{cite news|last1=The Economic Times|title=Bullish Wins & Bearish Losses: Here are the key contests and results of 2024 Lok Sabha polls|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/bullish-wins-bearish-losses-here-are-the-key-contests-of-2024-lok-sabha-results/articleshow/110713130.cms?from=mdr|accessdate=27 July 2024|date=6 June 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727153249/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/bullish-wins-bearish-losses-here-are-the-key-contests-of-2024-lok-sabha-results/articleshow/110713130.cms?from=mdr|archivedate=27 July 2024}}</ref>

===Social and cultural activities===

* President - [[All Assam Students Union]], 1992–1999
* Chairman - North East Students Organisation, 1996–2000

==Arts & culture==
[[File:GIFF Sarbananda Sonowal Chief Minister of Assam.jpg|left|thumb|Sonowal delivering a speech]]
The annual [[Guwahati International Film Festival]] was started during his tenure. It is organised by the State Government-owned [[Jyoti Chitraban]] (Film Studio) Society in association with the [[Dr. Bhupen Hazarika Regional Government Film and Television Institute]]. The first edition was held in October 2018, the second in October-November 2019. The 3rd edition has been postponed owing to the present [[COVID-19 pandemic]] to early 2021.

==Role removing the IMDT Act==

Faced with the problem of massive migration from [[Bangladesh]] into [[Assam]], the government tried to put up legislation in place to detect and deport foreign nationals. Eventually, the [[Illegal Migrants (Determination by Tribunal) Act, 1983]] (IMDT Act) came into being following the [[Assam Accord]] signed between the [[Government of India]] and the [[All Assam Students Union]] (AASU) to end the decade-long anti-foreigner agitation.

The [[Illegal Migrants (Determination by Tribunal) Act, 1983|IMDT Act]] is an instrument passed by [[Indian Parliament]] to detect illegal immigrants (from Bangladesh) and expel them from Assam. While the IMDT Act operates only in Assam, the [[Foreigners Act (1946)]] applies to the rest of the country. It is applicable to those Bangladeshi nationals who settled in Assam on or after 25 March 1971. Under the Act, the onus of proving the citizenship of a suspected illegal alien rests on the complainant, often the police. On the other hand, according to the provisions of the Foreigners Act, the onus lies with the person suspected to be an alien.

Sonowal took the issue of Bangladeshi infiltration to the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]]. By its judgement dated 12 July 2005, the court struck down the [[Illegal Migrants (Determination by Tribunal) Act, 1983]], as unconstitutional and termed Bangladeshi infiltration an "external aggression" and directed that "the Bangladesh nationals who have illegally crossed the border and have trespassed into Assam or are living in other parts of the country have no legal right of any kind to remain in India and they are liable to be deported."<ref name="Promising Assam Leader Sarbananda Sonowal in Cabinet">{{cite news|title=Promising Assam Leader Sarbananda Sonowal in Cabinet|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Promising-Assam-Leader-Sarbananda-Sonowal-in-Cabinet/842026|access-date=6 June 2014}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Sonowal Kacharis]]
*[[All Assam Students Union]]
*[[Asom Gana Parishad]]
*[[Sonowal ministry|Sarbananda Sonowal ministry (2016–2021)]]
* [[Third Modi ministry]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://india.gov.in/my-government/indian-parliament/sarbananda-sonowal Home Page on the Parliament of India's Website]
* {{Twitter}}
* {{Facebook |SarbanandaSonowal}}

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Expatriate

2026-03-09T15:53:05Z

DinahFlo5043561: updated

{{Short description|Person living abroad}}
{{Redirect|Expat|other uses|Expat (disambiguation)|and|Expatriate (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}

[[File:Election presidentielle 2007 Lausanne MG 2757.jpg|thumb|Expatriate French voters queue in [[Lausanne]], [[Switzerland]], for the first round of the [[2007 French presidential election|presidential election of 2007]].]]

An '''expatriate''' (often shortened to '''expat''') is a person who [[domicile (law)|resides]] outside their native country.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/expatriate|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211075630/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/expatriate|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 February 2017|title=expatriate {{!}} Definition of expatriate in English by Oxford Dictionaries|website=Oxford Dictionaries {{!}} English|access-date=2018-02-04}}</ref>

The term often refers to a professional, skilled worker, or student from an affluent country.<ref>{{cite book|last=Castree|first=Noel|title=A Dictionary of Human Geography|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199599868|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eYWcAQAAQBAJ&q=expatriate| edition=1|author2=Rob Kitchen |author3=Alisdair Rogers |date=2013-04-25}}</ref> However, it may also refer to [[Pensioner|retirees]], [[artist]]s and other individuals who have chosen to live outside their native country.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

The [[International Organization for Migration]] of the [[United Nations]] defines the term as 'a person who voluntarily [[Loss of citizenship|renounces]] his or her [[nationality]]'.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2019-06-19 |title=International Migration Law No. 34 - Glossary on Migration |url=https://publications.iom.int/books/international-migration-law-ndeg34-glossary-migration |journal=[[International Organization for Migration]] |language=en |pages=67–68 |issn=1813-2278}}</ref> Historically, it also referred to [[exile]]s.<ref name="Oxford">{{cite web |author= |date=2017 |title=Definition of expatriate in English |url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/expatriate |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211075630/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/expatriate |archive-date=11 February 2017 |website=Oxford Dictionaries |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref>

The UAE is the [[List of sovereign states by immigrant population|country with the highest percentage of expatriates]] in the world after the Vatican City, with [[expatriates in the United Arab Emirates]] representing 88% of the population.<ref>{{cite web |last=Snoj |first=Jure |date=12 April 2015 |title=UAE´s population – by nationality |url=http://www.bq-magazine.com/economy/socioeconomics/2015/04/uae-population-by-nationality |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321184658/http://www.bq-magazine.com/economy/socioeconomics/2015/04/uae-population-by-nationality |archive-date=21 March 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017 |work=BQ Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=United Arab Emirates |date=2023-10-12 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-arab-emirates/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011161753/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-arab-emirates/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 October 2023 |work=The World Factbook |access-date=2023-10-23 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The word ''expatriate'' comes from the [[Latin]] words {{lang|la|[[wikt:ex#Latin|ex]]}} {{gloss|out of}} and {{lang|la|[[wikt:patria#Latin|patria]]}}, from {{lang|la|[[wikt:terra patria#Latin|terra patria]]}}, {{gloss|native country, fatherland}}.

==Semantics ==
Dictionary definitions for the current meaning of the word include:

:'''Expatriate''':
:* 'A person who lives outside their native country' (Oxford),<ref name="Oxford"/> or
:* 'living in a foreign land' (Webster's).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/expatriate |title=Definition of expatriate |author= |date=2017 |website=Merriam-Webster |access-date=10 February 2017}}</ref>

These definitions contrast with those of other words with the same meaning, such as:
:'''[[Migrant (disambiguation)|Migrant]]''':
:* 'A person who moves from one place to another in order to find work or better living conditions' (Oxford),<ref>{{cite web |url= https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/migrant |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160930034318/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/migrant |url-status= dead |archive-date= 30 September 2016 |title= Definition of migrant in English |author=  |date= 2017 |website= Oxford Dictionaries |publisher= [[Oxford University Press]] }}</ref> or
:* 'one that migrates: such as a person who moves regularly in order to find work especially in harvesting crops' (Webster's);<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/migrant |title= Definition of migrant |author=  |date= 2017 |website= Merriam-Webster |access-date= 10 February 2017}}</ref>
::::::'''or'''
:'''[[Immigrant]]'''
:* 'A person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country' (Oxford),<ref>{{cite web |url= https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/immigrant |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160927112912/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/immigrant |url-status= dead |archive-date= 27 September 2016 | title= Definition of immigrant in English |publisher= [[Oxford University Press]] |access-date= 10 February 2017}}</ref> or
:* 'one that immigrates: such as a person who comes to a country to take up permanent residence (Webster's).<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/immigrant |title= Definition of immigrant |date= 2017 |website= Merriam-Webster |access-date= 10 February 2017}}</ref>

The varying use of these terms for different groups of foreigners can be seen as implying nuances about wealth, intended length of stay, perceived motives for moving, nationality, and even race. This has caused controversy, with some commentators asserting that the traditional use of the word "expat" has had [[Racism|racist]] connotations.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2015/mar/13/white-people-expats-immigrants-migration | title= Why are white people expats when the rest of us are immigrants? |last= Koutonin |first= Mawuna Remarque |date= 13 March 2015 |website= The Guardian |access-date= 17 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://blogs.wsj.com/expat/2014/12/29/in-hong-kong-just-who-is-an-expat-anyway/ |url-access=subscription |title= In Hong Kong, Just Who Is an Expat, Anyway? |last= DeWolf |first= Christopher |date= 29 December 2014 |website= [[The Wall Street Journal]] |publisher= [[News Corp (2013–present)|News Corp]] |access-date= 10 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Croucher |first=Sheila |date=2012-03-05 |title=Privileged Mobility in an Age of Globality |journal=Societies |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=1–13 |doi=10.3390/soc2010001 |doi-access=free |issn=2075-4698}}</ref>

An older usage of the word ''expatriate'' referred to an [[exile]].<ref name="Oxford"/> Alternatively, when used as a verbal noun, ''expatriation'' can mean the act of someone [[Renunciation of citizenship|renouncing allegiance]] to their native country, as in the preamble to the United States [[Expatriation Act of 1868]] which states: 'the right of expatriation is a natural and inherent right of all people, indispensable to the enjoyment of the rights of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness'.<ref>[[United States Revised Statutes]], Sec. 1999.</ref>

Some [[neologism]]s have been coined, including:
* ''dispatriate'', an expatriate who intentionally distances themselves from their nation of origin;<ref name="arkintobit1">{{cite web|last1=Brock|first1=Geoffrey|date=July 9, 2020|title=Special Feature: Tributes to Frederika Randall (1948–2020)|url=https://www.arkint.org/frederika-randall-tribute|access-date=February 6, 2021|work=The Arkansas International}}</ref>
*''flexpatriate'', an employee who often travels internationally for [[business]] (see [[#Business expatriates|"Business expatriates" below]]);<ref>{{cite web |url= http://lexicon.ft.com/Term?term=flexpatriate |title= Definition of flexpatriate |author=  |website=Financial Times: lexicon |publisher= The Nikkei |access-date= 22 February 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170222200436/http://lexicon.ft.com/Term?term=flexpatriate |archive-date= 22 February 2017 |url-status= dead }}</ref>
* ''[[wikt:inpatriate|inpatriate]]'', an employee sent from a foreign subsidiary to work in the country where a company has its headquarters;<ref>{{cite web |url= https://blog.iese.edu/expatriatus/2014/01/22/inpatriates-on-the-term-and-academic-findings/ |title= Inpatriates: On the Term and Academic Findings |last= Reiche |first= Sebastian |date= 22 January 2014 |website= IESE Business School |publisher= [[University of Navarra]] |access-date= 21 February 2017}}</ref>
* ''rex-pat'', a repeat expatriate, often someone who has chosen to return to a foreign country after completing a work assignment;<ref>{{cite web |title= Rex-patriate games: Film takes humorous look at moving – and staying – abroad |last= Drew |first= Kevin |date= 5 October 2004 |website= CNN |publisher= [[Time Warner]] |url= https://edition.cnn.com/2004/SHOWBIZ/Movies/10/05/rexpatriates/ |access-date= 21 February 2017}}</ref>
* ''[[wikt:sexpat|sexpat]]'', an expatriate with the goal of short or long term sexual relationships (expatriate + [[sex tourist]]).<ref>{{cite news |url= https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6176647.stm |title= Hard lessons in expat paradise |last= McGeown |first= Kate |date= 14 December 2006 |website= BBC News |publisher= British Broadcasting Corporation |access-date= 22 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chiu |first=Joanna |title=Sexpat Journalists Are Ruining Asia Coverage |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/05/18/sexpat-journalists-are-ruining-asia-coverage/ |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=Foreign Policy |date=18 May 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Old Sexpats Club members and their young Thai women |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/expat/expatlife/9972174/The-Old-Sexpats-Club-members-and-their-young-Thai-women.html |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210602153443/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/expat/expatlife/9972174/The-Old-Sexpats-Club-members-and-their-young-Thai-women.html |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=www.telegraph.co.uk}}</ref>

The term "expatriate" is sometimes misspelled as "ex-patriot", which author [[Anu Garg]] has characterised as an example of an [[eggcorn]].<ref>
{{cite web
|url= https://wordsmith.org/words/eggcorn.html|author= Anu Garg|title= eggcorn|work= A Word A Day|date= 21 February 2013
}}
</ref>

In Canada someone who resides in a different province on a temporary basis while continuing to hold their home province's residency is colloquially called an "interprovincial expat" as opposed to an "interprovincial migrant" who changes their residency and usually is intending to move permanently. For example, British Columbia and Alberta allow each other's residents to attend post secondary in the other province while retaining their home province's residency.{{Original research inline|date=December 2023}}

==History==
===Types of expat community===

In the 19th century, travel became easier by way of [[steamship]] or [[Steam locomotive|train]]. People could more readily choose to live for several years in a foreign country, or be sent there by employers. The table below aims to show significant examples of expatriate communities which have developed since that time:

{{Incomplete list|date=February 2017}}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" |Group
! scope="col" |Period
! scope="col" |Country of origin
! scope="col" |Destination
! scope="col" |Host country
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Notes
|-
|[[Australians in the United Kingdom|Australians]] and [[New Zealanders in the United Kingdom|New Zealanders]] in London
|1960s-now
|Australia/New Zealand
|London
|United Kingdom
|
|-
|[[Beat Generation]]
|1950s
|United States
|[[Tangier#Culture|Tangier]]
|Morocco
|
|-
|[[Beat Generation]]
|1960s
|United States
|Paris
|France
|See [[Beat Hotel]].
|-
|British retirees
|1970s–present
|United Kingdom
|[[Costa del Crime|Costa del Sol]]
|Spain
|Arguably immigrants if permanent.
|-
|British retirees
|current
|United Kingdom
|[[Dordogne#Demographics|Dordogne]]
|France
|Arguably immigrants if permanent.
|-
|[[British Raj]]
|1721–1949
|United Kingdom
|
|India
|Often referred to as "[[Anglo-Indian people|Anglo-Indians]]".
|-
|Celebrities and artists
|1800s–present
|''various''
|[[Lake Geneva#Notable residents|Lake Geneva]]
|Switzerland
|
|-
|[[Digital nomads]]
|1990s–present
|''various''
|
|''various''
|
|-
|[[Filmmaking|Filmmakers]]
|1910s–present
|Europe
|Los Angeles
|United States
|[[Cinema of the United States|"Hollywood"]]
|-
|[[Jet set]]
|1950s–1970s
|''various''
|
|''various''
|
|-
|[[Lost Generation]]
|1920s–30s
|United States
|Paris
|France
|See [[A Moveable Feast]].
|-
|[[Modernism|Modernist artists & writers]]
|1870s–1930s
|''various''
|[[French Riviera]]
|France
|
|-
|[[Russian oligarch#Oligarchs in London|Oligarchs]]
|1990s–current
|Russia
|London<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2015/jan/06/rich-russian-living-london-tv-review |title=Rich, Russian and Living in London review: uber-richskis in diamond-encrusted cars |last=Wollaston |first=Sam |date=6 January 2015 |website=The Guardian |access-date=24 February 2017}}</ref>
|United Kingdom
|
|-
|[[Salarymen]]
|current
|Japan
|
|''various''
|See [[Japanese diaspora]]
|-
|[[Shanghai French Concession]]
|1849–1943
|France
|Shanghai
|China
|
|-
|[[Shanghai International Settlement]]
|1863–1945
|United Kingdom
|Shanghai
|China
|Preceded by [[British Concession (Shanghai)|British Concession]]
|-
|[[Shanghai International Settlement]]
|1863–1945
|United States
|Shanghai
|China
|Preceded by [[American Concession (Shanghai)|American Concession]]
|-
|[[Tax exile]]s
|1860s(?)–present
|''various''
|[[Monte Carlo]]
|Monaco
|
|-
|[[Third culture kids]]
|current
|''various''
|
|''various''
|Includes 'military brats' and 'diplobrats'.
|}

During the 1930s, [[Nazi Germany]] revoked the citizenship of many opponents, such as [[Albert Einstein]], [[Oskar Maria Graf]], [[Willy Brandt]] and [[Thomas Mann]], often expatriating entire families.<ref>{{cite book | first=Siegfried | last=Grundmann|title=The Einstein Dossiers: Science and Politics - Einstein's Berlin Period with an Appendix on Einstein's FBI File |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3D8fJeqIUjIC&pg=PA294 |year=2005 |publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg |isbn=978-3-540-25661-8 |page=294}}</ref><ref>[http://www.kritikatur.de/Autor/Oskar_Maria_Graf Oskar Maria Graf timeline: expatriated 1934] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501022504/http://www.kritikatur.de/Autor/Oskar_Maria_Graf |date=1 May 2013 }}, ''Kritikatur – Die Welt der Literatur''. Retrieved 4 December 2011.</ref>

Students who study in another country are not referred to as expatriates.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The overseas student: expatriate, sojourner or settler? |first=J. L.|last=Cox |date=17 July 1988 |journal=[[Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica]] | volume=344 |pages=179–184 |doi=10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb09019.x |pmid=3227984 |s2cid=25012215}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1132875.pdf | title=International Higher Education for Whom? Expatriate Students, Choice-making and International (Im)mobility in the Northern United Arab Emirates | first=Lee | last=Rensimer | via=[[Education Resources Information Center]] | year=2016}}</ref>

===Worldwide distribution of expats===
{{Further|List of sovereign states by immigrant and emigrant population}}

The number of expatriates in the world is difficult to determine, since there is no governmental census.<ref>{{Cite journal| last1=Dumont |first1=Jean-Christophe |last2=Lamaitre |first2=Georges |date=2005-11-02 |title=Counting Immigrants and Expatriates in OECD Countries |journal=OECD Economic Studies |volume=2005 |issue=1 |pages=49–83 |doi=10.1787/eco_studies-v2005-art3-en |issn=0255-0822}}</ref> Market research company Finaccord estimated the number to be 66.2 million in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Finaccord - Global Expatriates: Size, Segmentation and Forecast for the Worldwide Market |url=https://www.finaccord.com/Home/About-Us/Press-Releases/Global-Expatriates-Size,-Segmentation-and-Forecas |access-date= |website=www.finaccord.com}}</ref>

In 2013, the United Nations estimated that 232 million people, or 3.2% of the world population, lived outside their home country.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Number of international migrants rises above 232 million {{!}} UN DESA {{!}} United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/en/news/population/number-of-international-migrants-rises.html |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=www.un.org}}</ref>

As of 2019, according to the [[United Nations]], the number of international migrants globally reached an estimated 272 million, or 3.5% of the world population.<ref>{{cite web | title=International Migration 2020 Highlights |url=https://www.un.org/en/desa/international-migration-2020-highlights | publisher=[[United Nations]]}}</ref>

==Business expatriates==
[[Image:Publication 54 Tax Guide for US Citizens Living Abroad, 1965.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|right|Long among the complexities of living in foreign countries has been the management of finances, including the payment of taxes; here, a 32-page IRS publication from 1965 for Americans living abroad.]]

Some [[multinational corporations]] send employees to foreign countries to work in branch offices or subsidiaries. Expatriate employees allow a parent company to more closely control its foreign subsidiaries. They can also improve global coordination.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Research and Practice in Human Resource Management|last=Chew|first=J|year=2004|pages=1–30}}</ref>

A 2007 study found the key drivers for expatriates to pursue international [[career]]s were: breadth of responsibilities, nature of the international environment ([[risk]] and challenge), high levels of [[autonomy]] of international posts, and [[Culture|cultural]] differences (rethinking old ways).<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|last1=Vesa Suutari|last2=Kristiina Mäkelä|date=2007-09-25|title=The career capital of managers with global careers|journal=Journal of Managerial Psychology|volume=22|issue=7|pages=628–648|doi=10.1108/02683940710820073|issn=0268-3946}}</ref>

However, expatriate professionals and independent expatriate hires are often more expensive than local employees. Expatriate salaries are usually augmented with allowances to compensate for a higher [[cost of living]] or hardships associated with a foreign posting. Other expenses may need to be paid, such as health care, housing, or fees at an [[international school]]. There is also the cost of moving a family and their belongings. Another problem can be government restrictions in the foreign country.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Gomez-Mejia|first1=Luis| last2=Balkin|first2=David| last3=Cardy|first3=Robert|title=Managing Human Resources|year=2007|publisher=Pearson|location=Upper Saddle River, NJ|isbn=978-0-13-187067-3|pages=544–5}}
</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite journal |last=Kraimer |first=M |date=2016 |title=Themes in Expatriate and Repatriate Research over Four Decades: What Do We Know and What Do We Still Need to Learn? |journal=[[Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior]]|volume=3 |pages=83–109 |doi=10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-041015-062437 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Spouses may have trouble adjusting due to [[culture shock]], loss of their usual social network, interruptions to their own career, and helping children cope with a new school. These are chief reasons given for foreign assignments ending early.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Pilenzo |first=R |title=DOES CULTURE REALLY MAKE A DIFFERENCE IN EXPAT ASSIGNMENTS? |journal=Expatriates Magazine |date=September 2013 |issue=2 |page=4 |url=http://expatriatesmagazine.com/index.php/publication/issue-2/item/198-does-culture-really-make-a-difference-in-expat-assignments? |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005010521/http://expatriatesmagazine.com/index.php/publication/issue-2/item/198-does-culture-really-make-a-difference-in-expat-assignments |archive-date=5 October 2013}}</ref> However, a spouse can also act as a source of support for an expatriate professional.<ref>Lauring, J., & Selmer, J. 2010. The supportive expatriate spouse: An ethnographic study of spouse involvement in expatriate careers. International Business Review, 19(1): 59-69.</ref> Families with children help to bridge the language and culture aspect of the host and home country, while the spouse plays a critical role in balancing the families integration into the culture. Some corporations have begun to include spouses earlier when making decisions about a foreign posting, and offer [[coaching]] or adjustment training before a family departs.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Caligiuri|first1=PM|url=https://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781849809184/9781849809184.00022.xml|title= International Assignee Selection and Cross-Cultural Training and Development -in Handbook of Research in International Human Resource Management, Second Edition|last2=Tarique|first2=I|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|year=2012|isbn=978-1-84980-919-1|editor-last=Stahl|editor-first=Günter K|edition=2|location=Cheltenham, United Kingdom|language=en|chapter=16|doi=10.4337/9781849809191.00022|orig-year=2012|editor-last2=Björkman|editor-first2=Ingmar Björkman|editor-last3=Morris|editor-first3=Shad}}</ref> Research suggests that tailoring pre-departure cross-cultural training and its specific relevance positively influence the fulfilment of expectations in expatriates' adjustment.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Caligiuri|first1=Paula|last2=Phillips|first2=Jean|last3=Lazarova|first3=Mila|last4=Tarique|first4=Ibraiz|last5=Burgi|first5=Peter|date=2001-01-01|title=The theory of met expectations applied to expatriate adjustment: the role of crosscultural training|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09585190121711|journal=The International Journal of Human Resource Management|volume=12|issue=3|pages=357–372|doi=10.1080/09585190121711|s2cid=144201096|issn=0958-5192|url-access=subscription}}</ref> According to the 2012 Global Relocation Trends Survey Report, 88 per cent of spouses resist a proposed move. The most common reasons for refusing an assignment are family concerns and the spouse's career.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Essentials of International Human Resource Management|last=Thomas|first=David|publisher=SAGE|year=2014|isbn=978-1-4129-9591-7|location=London|pages=190–193}}</ref>

''Expatriate failure'' is a term which has been coined for an employee returning prematurely to their home country, or resigning. About 7% of expatriates return early, but this figure does not include those who perform poorly while on assignment or resign entirely from a company.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Global Relocation Trends 2010 |journal=Global Mobility Solutions |date=2010}}</ref> When asked the cost of a premature expatriate's return, a survey of 57 multinational companies reported an average cost of about US$225,000.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tungli |first1=Z |last2=Peiperl |first2=M |title=Expatriate practices in German, Japanese, U.K., and U.S. multinational companies: a comparative survey of changes. |journal=Human Resource Management |date=2009 |volume=48 |pages=153–171 |doi=10.1002/hrm.20271}}</ref>

=== Reasons and motivations for expatriation ===
People move abroad for many different reasons.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Andresen|first1=Maike|last2=Biemann|first2=Torsten|last3=Pattie|first3=Marshall Wilson|date=2015-04-12|title=What makes them move abroad? Reviewing and exploring differences between self-initiated and assigned expatriation|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2012.669780|journal=The International Journal of Human Resource Management|volume=26|issue=7|pages=932–947|doi=10.1080/09585192.2012.669780|s2cid=153656774|issn=0958-5192|url-access=subscription}}</ref> An understanding of what makes people move is the first step in the expatriation process. People could be ‘pushed’ away as a reaction to specific socio-economic or political conditions in the home country, or ‘pulled’ towards a destination country because of better work opportunities/conditions. The ‘pull’ can also include personal preferences, such as climate, a better quality of life, or the fact that family/friends are living there.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lee|first=Everett S.|date=1966-03-01|title=A theory of migration|journal=Demography|language=en|volume=3|issue=1|pages=47–57|doi=10.2307/2060063|jstor=2060063|issn=1533-7790|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Portes|first1=Alejandro|last2=Böröcz|first2=Jözsef|date=2018-06-20|title=Contemporary Immigration: Theoretical Perspectives on its Determinants and Modes of Incorporation1|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/019791838902300311|journal=International Migration Review|volume=23|issue=3|pages=606–630|language=en|doi=10.1177/019791838902300311|pmid=12282796 |s2cid=22512597|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

For some people, moving abroad is a conscious, thoroughly planned decision, while for others it could be a ‘spur of the moment’, spontaneous decision. This decision, of course, is influenced by the individual's geographic, [[socioeconomic]] and political environment; as well as their personal circumstances. The motivation for moving (or staying) abroad also gets adjusted with the different life changes the person experiences – for example, if they get married, have children, etc. Also, different personalities (or [[personality type]]s) have diverse reactions to the challenges of adjusting to a host-country culture; and these reactions affect their motivations to continue (or not) living abroad.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Andresen|first1=Maike|last2=Margenfeld|first2=Jil|date=2015-04-13|title=International relocation mobility readiness and its antecedents|url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JMP-11-2012-0362/full/html|journal=Journal of Managerial Psychology|language=en|volume=30|issue=3|pages=234–249|doi=10.1108/JMP-11-2012-0362|issn=0268-3946|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Farcas|first1=Diana|last2=Gonçalves|first2=Marta|date=August 2017|title=Motivations and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Self-Initiated Expatriates, Assigned Expatriates, and Immigrant Workers: The Case of Portuguese Migrant Workers in the United Kingdom|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022022117717031|journal=Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology|language=en|volume=48|issue=7|pages=1028–1051|doi=10.1177/0022022117717031|issn=0022-0221|hdl=10071/14796|s2cid=149405149|hdl-access=free|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lauring|first1=Jakob|last2=Selmer|first2=Jan|date=2018-10-01|title=Person-environment fit and emotional control: Assigned expatriates vs. self-initiated expatriates|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969593118301239|journal=International Business Review|language=en|volume=27|issue=5|pages=982–992|doi=10.1016/j.ibusrev.2018.02.010|s2cid=148742063|issn=0969-5931|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

In this era of international competition, it is important for companies, as well as for countries, to understand what is that motivates people to move to another country to work. Understanding expatriates' motivations for international mobility allows organisations to tailor work packages to match expatriates' expectations in order to attract and/or retain skilled workers from abroad.

===Recent trends===
Trends in recent years among business expatriates have included:
* Reluctance by employees to accept foreign assignments, due to spouses also having a career.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gerry |first1=Lee |title=Why Expats Should Prioritise Their Mental Health |url=https://www.expatriatehealthcare.com/why-expats-should-prioritise-their-mental-health/ |website=Expatriate Group |publisher=Expatriate Healthcare |access-date=9 September 2025}}</ref>
* Reluctance by multinational corporations to sponsor overseas assignments, due to increased sensitivity both to costs and to local cultures.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} It is common for an expat to cost at least three times more than a comparable local employee.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blog.executivesonline.co.uk/blog/the-traditional-expat-model-is-declining-and-3-ways-organisations-are-replacing-it|title=Is the Traditional Expat Model Declining? 3 Ways Organisations Are Replacing It|first=E. O.|last=Executives|website=blog.executivesonline.co.uk}}</ref>
* Short-term assignments becoming more common.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.jwb.2007.02.005| title = Changing patterns of global staffing in the multinational enterprise: Challenges to the conventional expatriate assignment and emerging alternatives| journal = Journal of World Business| volume = 42| issue = 2| page = 198| year = 2007| last1 = Collings | first1 = D. G. | last2 = Scullion | first2 = H. | last3 = Morley | first3 = M. J. | hdl = 10379/682| s2cid = 153511190| url = https://aran.library.nuigalway.ie/bitstream/10379/682/1/JWB_resubmission_final.pdf| hdl-access = free}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Essentials of International Human Resource Management|last=Thomas|first=David|publisher=SAGE|year=2014|isbn=978-1-4129-9591-7|location=London|pages=188–189}}</ref> These are assignments of several months to a year which rarely require the expatriate family to move. They can include specific projects, technology transfer, or problem-solving tasks.<ref name=":1" /> In 2008, nearly two-thirds of international assignments consisted of long-term assignments (greater than one year, typically three years). In 2014, that number fell to just over half.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gerry |first1=Lee |title=How are Global Mobility Trends Impacting Expats Working Overseas? |url=https://www.expatriatehealthcare.com/how-are-global-mobility-trends-impacting-expats-working-overseas/ |website=Expatriate Group |date=13 February 2025 |publisher=Expatriate Healthcare |access-date=21 February 2025}}</ref>
* ''Self-initiated expatriation'', where individuals themselves arrange a contract to work overseas, rather than being sent by a parent company to a subsidiary.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/S1090-9516(97)90017-1| title = Expatriate assignment versus overseas experience: Contrasting models of international human resource development| journal = Journal of World Business| volume = 32| issue = 4| page = 351| year = 1997| last1 = Inkson | first1 = K. | last2 = Arthur | first2 = M. B. | last3 = Pringle | first3 = J. | last4 = Barry | first4 = S. | doi-access =}}</ref><ref name="Self-initiated expatriates (SIEs)">{{cite web| url = https://feloresearch.wordpress.com/self-initiated-expatriates-sie/ | title = Self-initiated expatriates (SIEs) | year = 2013 | access-date = 9 October 2013 | publisher = FELOresearch}}</ref><ref>Andresen, M., Bergdolt, F., & Margenfeld, J. 2012. What distinguishes self-initiated expatriates from assigned expatriates and migrants? A literature-based definition and differentiation of terms. In M. Andresen, A. A. Ariss, M. Walther, & K. Wolff (Eds.), Self-initiated expatriation: Individual, organizational and national perspectives: Routledge.</ref><ref>Inkson, K., & Myers, B. A. 2003. "The big OE": self-directed travel and career development. Career Development International, 8(4): 170-181.</ref><ref>Selmer, J., & Lauring, J. 2010. Self-initiated academic expatriates: Inherent demographics and reasons to expatriate. [[European Management Review]], 7(3): 169-179.</ref> An 'SIE' typically does not require as big a compensation package as does a traditional business expatriate. Also, spouses of SIEs are less reluctant to interrupt their own careers, at a time when dual-career issues are arguably shrinking the pool of willing expatriates.<ref>Tharenou, P. 2013. Self-initiated expatriates: An alternative to company-assigned expatriates? Journal of Global Mobility, 1(3): 336-356.</ref>
* Local companies in [[emerging markets]] hiring Western managers directly.<ref>{{cite journal|last1 = Arp|first1 = Frithjof|last2 = Hutchings|first2 = Kate|last3 = Smith|first3 = Wendy A.|date = 2013|title = Foreign executives in local organisations: An exploration of differences to other types of expatriates|url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258951786|journal = Journal of Global Mobility|volume = 1|issue = 3|pages = 312–335|doi = 10.1108/JGM-01-2013-0006}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last = Arp|first = Frithjof|date = 2014|title = Emerging giants, aspiring multinationals and foreign executives: Leapfrogging, capability building, and competing with developed country multinationals|journal = Human Resource Management|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256012200|volume = 53|issue = 6|pages = 851–876|doi = 10.1002/hrm.21610}}</ref><ref name="Foreign Executives in Local Organisations">{{cite web| url = https://FELOresearch.wordpress.com | title = Foreign Executives in Local Organisations | year = 2012 | access-date = 13 July 2012 | publisher = FELOresearch}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Arp|first=Frithjof|date=2013|title=Typologies: What types of foreign executives are appointed by local organisations and what types of organisations appoint them?|journal=German Journal of Research in Human Resource Management / Zeitschrift für Personalforschung|volume=27|issue=3|pages=167–194|doi=10.1177/239700221302700302|s2cid=56210528|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256043899|hdl=10419/85280|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
* Commuter assignments which involve employees living in one country but travelling to another for work. This usually occurs on a weekly or biweekly rotation, with weekends spent at home.<ref name=":1" />
* ''Flexpatriates'', international business travellers who take a plethora of short trips to locations around the globe for negotiations, meetings, training and conferences. These assignments are usually of several weeks duration each. Their irregular nature can cause stress within a family.<ref name=":1" />
*Consulting firm [[Mercer (consulting firm)|Mercer]] reported in 2017 that women made up only 14 per cent of the expatriate workforce globally.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mobilityexchange.mercer.com/Insights/article/The-Path-to-Diversity-Women-on-Assignment |title=The Path to Diversity: Women on Assignment |last=Meier |first=Olivier |date=2017 |website=Mercer |access-date=10 September 2019}}</ref>

The Munich-based paid expatriate networking platform InterNations conducts a survey of expat opinions and trends on a regular basis.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Expat Insider 2022 |url=https://www.internations.org/expat-insider/ |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=www.internations.org |language=en}}</ref>

==Academic research==
There has been an increase in scholarly research into the field in recent years. For instance, [[Emerald Group Publishing]] in 2013 launched ''The Journal of Global Mobility: The home of expatriate management research''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.emeraldinsight.com/journal/jgm|title=Journal of Global Mobility: The Home of Expatriate Management Research|website=www.emeraldinsight.com}}</ref>

S.K Canhilal and R.G. Shemueli suggest that successful expatriation is driven by a combination of individual, organizational, and context-related factors.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284156813 |title=Antecedent factors for success in international assignments: the case of expatriates in Peru |access-date=2022-03-04}}</ref> Of these factors, the most significant have been outlined as: cross-cultural competences, spousal support, motivational questions, time of assignment, emotional competences, previous international experience, language fluency, social relational skills, cultural differences, and organizational recruitment and selection process.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ročkė |first=Dovilė |title=Expatriation: Challenges and Success Factors of an International Career |url=https://llufb.llu.lv/conference/REEP/2017/Latvia-Univ-Agricult-REEP-2017_proceedings-451-456.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822024958/https://llufb.llu.lv/conference/REEP/2017/Latvia-Univ-Agricult-REEP-2017_proceedings-451-456.pdf |archive-date=22 August 2017 |access-date=5 October 2023 |website=LBTUFB}}</ref>

[[Sebastian Reiche]], an expert in the global workplace with numerous academic publications, is the author of the blog Expatriatus (IESE Business School).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-25 |title=Expatriatus - ex-patriā-tus [lat.] from ex "out of" and patriā "fatherland" |url=https://blog.iese.edu/expatriatus/ |access-date=2026-03-09 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Another author with experience on the subject is [[Miguel Amor]], a Spanish-American geomatics engine, author of ''AmericanoSÍ: De España a EE. UU'' (2025).

==Literary and screen portrayals==

===Fiction===
Expatriate milieus have been the setting of many novels and short stories, often written by authors who spent years living abroad. The following is a list of notable works and authors, by approximate date of publication.

'''18th century''' : [[Persian Letters]] (French: Lettres persanes) is a literary work, published in 1721, by [[Montesquieu]], relating the experiences of two fictional Persian noblemen, Usbek and Rica, who spend several years in France under Louis XIV and the Regency and who correspond with their respective friends staying at home.

'''19th century''': American author [[Henry James]] moved to Europe as a young man and many of his novels, such as ''[[The Portrait of a Lady]]'' (1881), ''[[The Ambassadors (novel)|The Ambassadors]]'' (1903), and ''[[The Wings of the Dove]]'' (1902), dealt with relationships between the New World and the Old. From the 1890s to 1920s, Polish-born [[Joseph Conrad]] wrote a string of English-language novels drawing on his seagoing experiences in farflung colonies, including ''[[Heart of Darkness]]'' (1899), ''[[Lord Jim]]'' (1900) and ''[[Nostromo]]'' (1904).

'''1900s/1910s''': German-American writer [[Herman George Scheffauer]] was active from 1900 to 1925. English writer [[W. Somerset Maugham]], a former spy, set many short stories and novels overseas, such as ''[[The Moon and Sixpence]]'' (1919) in which an English stockbroker flees to Tahiti to become an artist, and ''[[The Razor's Edge]]'' (1944) in which a traumatised American pilot seeks meaning in France and India. [[Ford Madox Ford]] used spa towns in Europe as the setting for his novel ''[[The Good Soldier]]'' (1915) about an American couple, a British couple, and their infidelities.

'''1920s''': ''[[A Passage to India]]'' (1924), one of the best-known books by [[E.M. Forster]], is set against the backdrop of the independence movement in India. [[Ernest Hemingway]] portrayed American men in peril abroad, beginning with his [[debut novel]], ''[[The Sun Also Rises]]'' (1926).

'''1930s''': [[Graham Greene]] was a keen traveller and another former spy, and from the 1930s to 1980s many of his novels and short stories dealt with Englishmen struggling to cope in exotic foreign places. ''[[Tender is the Night]]'' (1934), the last complete novel by [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]], was about a glamorous American couple unravelling in the South of France. [[George Orwell]] drew heavily on his own experiences as a colonial policeman for his novel ''[[Burmese Days]]'' (1934). [[Evelyn Waugh]] satirised foreign correspondents in ''[[Scoop (novel)|Scoop]]'' (1938).

'''1940s''': From the mid-1940s to the 1990s, American-born [[Paul Bowles]] set many short stories and novels in his adopted home of Morocco, including ''[[The Sheltering Sky]]'' (1949).<ref name = "Autobiography">{{citation | title = Without Stopping: An Autobiography | first = Paul | last = Bowles | page = 275}}</ref> [[Malcolm Lowry]] in ''[[Under the Volcano]]'' (1947) told the tale of an alcoholic British consul in Mexico on the Day of the Dead.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/nov/02/under-the-volcano-modernist-masterpiece|title=Under the Volcano: a modernist masterpiece|last=Power|first=Chris|date=2011-11-02|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-08-30|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

'''1950s''': From the 1950s to the 1990s, American author [[Patricia Highsmith]] set many of her psychological thrillers abroad, including ''[[The Talented Mr. Ripley]]'' (1955). [[James Baldwin|James Baldwin's]] novel'' [[Giovanni's Room]]'' (1956) was about an American man having an affair in Paris with an Italian bartender. [[Anthony Burgess]] worked as a teacher in Malaya and made it the setting of ''[[The Malayan Trilogy]]'' (1956–1959). ''[[The Alexandria Quartet]]'' (1957–1960) was the best-known work of [[Lawrence Durrell]], who was born in India to British parents and lived overseas for most of his life.

'''1960s''': English writer [[Paul Scott (novelist)|Paul Scott]] is best known for ''[[The Raj Quartet]]'' (1965–1975) dealing with the final years of the British Empire in India. [[John le Carré]] made use of overseas settings for ''[[The Spy Who Came in from the Cold]]'' (1963) and many of his subsequent novels about British spies.

'''1970s''': In ''[[The Year of Living Dangerously (novel)|The Year of Living Dangerously]]'' (1978), [[Christopher Koch]] portrayed the lead-up to a 1965 coup in Indonesia through the eyes of an Australian journalist and a British diplomat. ''A Cry in the Jungle Bar'' (1979) by [[Robert Drewe]] portrayed an Australian out of his depth while working for the UN in South-East Asia.

'''1990s''': In both ''[[Cocaine Nights]]'' (1996) and ''[[Super-Cannes]]'' (2000), [[J. G. Ballard|J. G. Ballard's]] English protagonists uncover dark secrets in luxurious gated communities in the South of France.

'''2000s''': ''[[Platform (novel)|Platform]]'' (2001) was French author [[Michel Houellebecq|Michel Houellebecq's]] novel of European sex tourists in Thailand. ''[[Prague (novel)|Prague]]'' (2002) was a debut novel by [[Arthur Phillips]] which dealt with Americans and Canadians in Hungary towards the end of the Cold War. ''[[Shantaram (novel)|Shantaram]]'' (2003) was a bestselling novel by [[Gregory David Roberts]] about an Australian criminal who flees to India.

'''2010s''': American novelist [[Chris Pavone]] has set several thrillers overseas since his debut ''[[The Expats]]'' (2012). [[Janice Y. K. Lee]] in ''The Expatriates'' (2016) and [[Expats (miniseries)|the miniseries]] deals with Americans in Hong Kong. [[Tom Rachman]] in his debut novel ''The Imperfectionists'' (2010) wrote of journalists working for an English-language newspaper in Rome.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/apr/10/the-imperfectionists-tom-rachman-review |title=The Imperfectionists by Tom Rachman |last=Taylor |first=DJ |date=10 April 2010 |website=The Guardian |access-date=14 September 2019}}</ref>

===Memoirs===
{{Expand section|date=September 2019}}
Memoirs of expatriate life can be considered a form of [[travel literature]] with an extended stay in the host country. Some of the more notable examples are listed here in order of their publication date, and recount experiences of roughly the same decade unless noted otherwise.

'''Medieval''': In ''[[The Travels of Marco Polo]]'' ({{circa|1300}}), [[Rustichello da Pisa]] recounted the tales of Italian merchant [[Marco Polo]] about journeying the [[Silk Road]] to China.

'''1930s-1960s''': In the first half of ''[[Down and Out in Paris and London]]'' (1933), [[George Orwell]] described a life of low-paid squalor while working in the kitchens of Parisian restaurants. In ''The America That I Have Seen'' (1949), Egyptian Islamist [[Sayyid Qutb]] denounced the United States after studying there. In ''[[My Family and Other Animals]]'' (1956) and its sequels, [[Gerald Durrell]] described growing up as the budding naturalist in an eccentric English family on the Greek island of [[Corfu]] during the late 1930s. In ''[[As I Walked Out One Midsummer Morning]]'' (1969), [[Laurie Lee]] told of busking and tramping in his youth across 1930s Spain.

'''1970s-1990s''': In ''[[It's Me, Eddie]]'' (1979), [[Eduard Limonov]] discusses his time as a Soviet expatriate living in New York City in the 1970s, including his poor work experiences, political disillusionment, and sexual experiences. In ''Letters from Hollywood'' (1986), [[Michael Moorcock]] corresponded with a friend about the life of an English writer in Los Angeles. In ''[[A Year in Provence]]'' (1989), [[Peter Mayle]] and his English family adapt to life in Southern France while renovating an old farmhouse. In ''[[Notes from a Small Island]]'' (1995), American writer [[Bill Bryson]] described a farewell tour of Britain.

'''2000s''': In ''[[A Year in the Merde]]'' (2004) English bachelor [[Stephen Clarke (writer)|Stephen Clarke]] recounted comic escapades while working in Paris. In ''[[Eat Pray Love (book)|Eat, Pray, Love]]'' (2006), divorced American [[Elizabeth Gilbert]] searched for meaning in Italy, India and Indonesia. In the early chapters of ''[[Miracles of Life]]'' (2008), [[J. G. Ballard]] told of his childhood and early adolescence in Shanghai during the 1930s and 1940s.

===Film===

Films about expatriates often deal with issues of [[culture shock]]. They include dramas, comedies, thrillers, action/adventure films and romances. Examples, grouped by host country, include:

{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* Argentina: [[Happy Together (1997 film)|Happy Together]]
* Austria: ''[[Before Sunrise]], [[The Third Man]]''.
* Belize: ''[[The Mosquito Coast (film)|The Mosquito Coast]]''.
* Cambodia: ''[[City of Ghosts (2002 film)|City of Ghosts]]''.
* China: ''[[Iron and Silk (film)|Iron and Silk]]'', ''[[The Painted Veil (2006 film)|The Painted Veil]]'', ''[[Seven Years in Tibet (1997 film)|Seven Years in Tibet]]''.
* France: ''[[An American in Paris (film)|An American in Paris]], [[Charade (1963 film)|Charade]], [[Dirty Rotten Scoundrels (film)|Dirty Rotten Scoundrels]], [[A Good Year]], [[Killing Zoe]], [[Midnight in Paris]], [[The Moderns]], [[Ninotchka]], [[To Catch a Thief]], [[Breathless (1960 film)|Breathless]]''.
* Hong Kong: ''[[Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing (film)|Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing]]'', ''[[The World of Suzie Wong (film)|The World of Suzie Wong]]'', ''[[Already Tomorrow in Hong Kong]]''.
* India: ''[[Best Exotic Marigold Hotel]], [[Carry On Up the Khyber]], [[Outsourced (film)|Outsourced]], [[A Passage to India (film)|A Passage to India]]''.
* Indonesia: ''[[The Year of Living Dangerously (film)|The Year of Living Dangerously]]''.
* Italy: ''[[Three Coins in the Fountain (film)|Three Coins in the Fountain]]'', ''[[Under the Tuscan Sun (film)|Under the Tuscan Sun]]''.
* Japan: ''[[Lost in Translation (film)|Lost in Translation]], [[Mr. Baseball]]''.
* Kenya: ''[[Clarence, the Cross-Eyed Lion]]'', ''[[Born Free]]'',''[[Out of Africa (film)|Out of Africa]]''.
* Mexico: ''[[Treasure of the Sierra Madre]]''.
* Morocco: ''[[Casablanca (film)|Casablanca]], [[Naked Lunch (film)|Naked Lunch]], [[The Sheltering Sky (film)|The Sheltering Sky]]''.
* Peru: ''[[Secret of the Incas]]''.
* Saudi Arabia: ''[[A Hologram for the King (film)|A Hologram for the King]]''.
* Spain: ''[[Barcelona (film)|Barcelona]], [[Sexy Beast]], [[Vicky Cristina Barcelona]]''
* Taiwan: ''[[Lucy (2014 film)|Lucy]]''
* Thailand: ''[[The Beach (film)|The Beach]], [[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]''
* Uganda: ''[[The Last King of Scotland (film)|The Last King of Scotland]]''.
* United Kingdom: ''[[The Adventures of Barry McKenzie]], [[Straw Dogs (1971 film)|Straw Dogs]]''.
* United States: ''[[Borat]], [[Coming to America]], [[Crocodile Dundee]], [[How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (film)|How To Lose Friends And Alienate People]], [[Leningrad Cowboys Go America]]''.
* Vietnam: ''[[The Quiet American (1958 film)|The Quiet American]]'' (1958) and ([[The Quiet American (2002 film)|2002]]).
* '''Unnamed/various''': ''[[Eat Pray Love]]''; ''[[The Ugly American (film)|The Ugly American]]''; ''[[The Wages of Fear]]'', ''[[Lost Horizon (1937 film)|Lost Horizon]]'' (1937) and ([[Lost Horizon (1973 film)|1973]]).
}}

===Television===
{{Expand section|date=September 2019}}
Reality television has dealt with overseas real estate (''[[House Hunters|House Hunters International]]'' and ''[[A Place in the Sun (British TV series)|A Place in the Sun]]''), wealthy Russians in London (''[[Meet the Russians]]''), British expat couples (''[[No Going Back (TV series)|No Going Back]])'' and mismanaged restaurants (''[[Ramsay's Kitchen Nightmares#Costa del Nightmares|Ramsay's Costa del Nightmares]]'').

The final decades of the British Raj have been portrayed in dramas (''[[The Jewel in the Crown (TV series)|The Jewel in the Crown]]'' and ''[[Indian Summers]]''). Diplomats on a foreign posting have been the basis for drama (''[[Embassy (TV series)|Embassy]]''), documentary (''[[The Embassy (TV series)|The Embassy]]'') and comedy (''[[Ambassadors (TV series)|Ambassadors]]''). British writers in Hollywood have been the subject of comedy (''[[Episodes (TV series)|Episodes]]''). Other settings include British doctors in contemporary India (''[[The Good Karma Hospital]]'') and a series of British detectives posted to an idyllic Caribbean island (''[[Death in Paradise (TV series)|Death in Paradise]]'').

In 2024, the series ''[[Expats (miniseries)|Expats]]'' depicts the life of an American expatriate living in Hong Kong and confronted to a family tragedy.

==See also==
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
*[[Alien (law)]]
*[[Asylum seeker]]
*[[Clientitis]]
*[[Cosmopolitanism]]
*[[Diaspora]]
*[[Diaspora politics]]
*[[Non-resident citizen voting]]
*[[Domicile (law)]]
*[[Economic migrant]]
*[[Emigration]]
*[[Émigré]]
*[[Ethnic enclave]]
*[[Existential migration]]
*[[Foreign born]]
*[[Foreign worker]]
*[[Global mobility]]
*[[Human capital flight]]
*[[International student]]
*[[Migrant worker]]
*[[Permanent residency]]
*[[Refugee]]
*[[Settler]]
*[[Statelessness]]
*[[Sex tourism]]
}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{sister project links|d=Q476713|wikt=expatriate|c=Category:Expatriates|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=Retiring abroad|m=no|mw=no|species=no|q=no|s=1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Expatriation}}
{{Immigration}}

[[Category:Expatriates| ]]
[[Category:Nationality]]
[[Category:Residency]]
[[Category:Diaspora studies]]
[[Category:Employment of foreign-born people]]

Oye Kuch Kar Guzar

2026-03-08T03:20:13Z

DinahFlo5043561: adding a post.

{{Use Pakistani English|date=March 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Oye Kuch Kar Guzar
| image = Oye Kuch Kar Guzar Cover.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Film cover
| native_name =
| director = Harris Rasheed
| producer = Syed Zaheer Uddin Emad Ishaq Khan
| writer = Harris Rasheed
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Ali Safina]]
* [[Uzair Jaswal]]
* [[Ushna Shah]]
* Mahjabeen Habib
}}
| narrator = 
| music = Jamal Rahman
| cinematography =
| editing = Imran Mushtaq
| studio = [[djuice]]
| distributor = iD creations
| released = {{film date|df=yes|2016|12|03}}
| runtime =
| country = Pakistan
| language = Urdu
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Oye Kuch Kar Guzar''''' is a 2016 Pakistani online [[Comedy film|comedy]] film by [[djuice|djuice Pakistan]], directed and written by Harris Rasheed and produced by Syed Zaheer Uddin and Emad Ishaq Khan.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20161205124026/https://www.thenewstribe.com/2016/12/04/pakistani-first-online-film-oye-kuch-kar-guzar/ Pakistani first online film: Oye!! Kuch Kar Guzar]}} - .thenewstribe.com</ref> It is the first Pakistani online film.<ref>[http://www.zemtv.com/2016/12/03/oye-kuch-kar-guzar-pakistan-first-online-movie/ Kuch Kar Guzar Pakistan First Online Movie] - ZemTV</ref> The film was released on [[YouTube]] on 3 December 2016.<ref>[https://www.phoneworld.com.pk/online-film-on-youtube/ Pakistan First Ever Online Movie on Youtube] - Phoneworld</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Ali Safina]] as Shamsher Iqbaldin/Sherry
* [[Uzair Jaswal]] as Junaid Hafeez Sarhadi/Jango
* [[Ushna Shah]] as Zara Hayat Khan (Xara)
* Mahjabeen Habib as Shabnam Mushtaq Chaudary

==Episodes==
The films has 5 episodes. Each episode except the last one has 2 options to select online for the next episode on YouTube.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! # !! Episode Title !! Option 1 !! Option 2
|-
| 1 ||''Episode 1 - The Journey Begins''||Chain Khainchain||Chain Na Khainchain
|-
| 2 ||''Episode 2 - Na Durr''||Intezar Na Karain||Intezar Karain
|-
| 3 ||''Episode 3 - Bum Mein Dum''||Train Ka Intezar||Sangeen Ki Sawari
|-
| 4 ||''Episode 4 - Sangeen Twist''||Pakray Jayen||Bhag Jayen
|-
| 5 ||''Episode 5 - Daaku Roulette''||{{NA}}||{{NA}}
|}

==Shooting==
The film was shot in [[Kallar Kahar]] ([[Chakwal]]), Katas Fort, Haveli Sardar Jawala Singh Sandu Padhana ([[Lahore]]) and [[Lahore Railway Station]].

==Soundtrack==
* ''Chal Chal Chaltay Jana''
* ''Parindey''
* ''Anger Management''
* ''Too Young For Guns''

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL94JL2f8CrHkTlBpj05RuUd-8qp-AgGsM Oye Kuch Kar Guzar - Full Film] (YouTube)
* [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL94JL2f8CrHkndnvnUua4XVD6mQfYuVm1 Oye Kuch Kar Guzar - Alternate Ends] (YouTube)
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:2016 comedy films]]
[[Category:Pakistani comedy films]]
[[Category:2016 Urdu-language films]]
[[Category:2016 Pakistani films]]
[[Category:Interactive films]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Pakistani films]]
[[Category:Urdu-language comedy films]]

Keran, Jammu and Kashmir

2026-03-06T15:27:26Z

DinahFlo5043561: Enhanced article with new information

{{For|Keran village administered by Pakistan|Keran, Neelum Valley}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Keran
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Neelam Valley Top View.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Keran in Jammu and Kashmir, as seen from the opposite side of the LOC
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jammu and Kashmir, India
| coordinates = {{coord|34.6505|N|73.9507|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = {{nowrap|[[States and union territories of India|Union Territory]]}}
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Government of Jammu and Kashmir.svg}} [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jammu and Kashmir|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kupwara district|Kupwara]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Community development block in India|Block]]
| subdivision_name3 = Keran
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Kerani, Keranwala, Keraniya
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]], [[Dogri language|Dogri]], [[English language|English]]<ref name="OfficialLang">{{cite web |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222037.pdf |title=The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020 |publisher=The Gazette of India|date=27 September 2020 |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020 | work=Rising Kashmir | date=23 September 2020 | url=http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | access-date=30 May 2021 | archive-date=24 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924141909/http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 193224
| registration_plate =
| website = {{URL|kupwara.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Keran''' is a [[tehsil]] in [[Kupwara district]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tehsils {{!}} District Kupwara, Government of Jammu & Kashmir {{!}} India |url=https://kupwara.nic.in/tehsils/ |access-date=2024-02-03 |language=en-US |archive-date=4 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304011842/https://kupwara.nic.in/tehsils/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is on the bank of the [[Neelum River|Kishanganga River]]. The village lies on the [[Line of Control]]. The Keran [[community development block in India|block]] includes four panchayats: Keran, Mandian, Mandian-A, and Kundian Pathroo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Panchayat in District KUPWARA |url=https://jkpanchayat.jk.gov.in/reportpanchayat.php?district=KUPWARA |access-date=February 3, 2024 |website=Department of Rural Development and Panchayat Raj, Govt. of J&K}}</ref>

The settlement on the Pakistani side across the boundary is also called [[Keran, Neelum Valley|Keran]]. The Kishanganga river (known by the name Neelum on the other side), flowing through the village, acts as the natural border between the two habitations. Although both sides share the same predominant religion, social and cultural practices differ significantly. Movement and interaction between the people on both sides are restricted by Indian and Pakistani authorities. Keran village is surrounded by dense forests. Shalabhatu, located in the Keran sector, is divided between Indian-administered [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and Pakistan-administered Kashmir.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-10-20 |title=Army's claim over Keran operations under cloud |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/armys-claim-over-keran-operations-under-cloud/article5254206.ece |access-date=2024-02-03 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> During the early 1990s, it was one of the most infiltration routes used by militants. The village has three border posts: Khokhri, Kulari, and Mangerta.

Following the reaffirmation of the ceasefire agreement between India and Pakistan in 2021, the village opened to tourists for the first time, offering a unique view of Pakistan-administered Kashmir. Prior to this, access was limited to locals and military personnel.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Iqbal |first1=Naveed |title=Bunkers give way to homestays in this remote J&K village |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bunkers-give-way-to-homestays-in-this-remote-jk-village-8904221/ |access-date=23 August 2023 |work=[[Indian Express]] |date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823153720/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bunkers-give-way-to-homestays-in-this-remote-jk-village-8904221/ |archive-date=23 August 2023 |location=Keran}}</ref>

== History ==
The village is believed to have been established by [[Raja]] Karan in the 11th century.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://kupwara.gov.in/historic.htm |title=Villages of historical importance in Kupwara district |access-date=8 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530181001/http://kupwara.gov.in/historic.htm |archive-date=30 May 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1990, the [[Indian Army]] relocated the villagers due to frequent firing and shelling by the [[Pakistan Army]]. A flood in 1992 destroyed much of the cultivated land. Since the fresh cease-fire accords between the governments of both countries, the valley has experienced relative peace along the border. With the opening of the border tourism in 2012, Keran has become a favored offbeat destination for tourists. The year 2023 saw the highest number of tourists visiting the Keran Valley.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Geelani |first=Syed Rizwan |date=2024-01-19 |title=Tourist footfall in Kupwara skyrockets to 3 lakh in 2023 |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/gk-top-news/tourist-footfall-in-kupwara-skyrockets-to-3-lakh-in-2023/ |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=Greater Kashmir |language=en-US}}</ref> One of the reasons for this is the introduction of e-permissions for non-resident tourists.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-13 |title=Border Tourism: Kupwara Admin Starts E-permission for Tourists |url=https://kashmirobserver.net/2022/06/13/border-tourism-kupwara-admin-starts-e-permission-for-tourists/ |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=Kashmir Observer |language=en-US}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Gurez]]
*[[Gulmarg]]
*[[Sonamarg]]
* [[Teetwal]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{Villages in Kupwara district}}

[[Category:Villages in Kupwara district]]
[[Category:Tehsils of Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)]]

{{JammuandKashmir-geo-stub}}

Anubavi Raja Anubavi

2026-03-04T05:11:08Z

DinahFlo5043561: started stub

{{short description|1967 film by K. Balachander}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Anubavi Raja Anubavi poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[K. Balachander]]
| producer = V. R. Annamalai M. R. M. Arunachalam
| screenplay = K. Balachander
| story = Rama. Arangannal
| starring = [[Nagesh]] [[R. Muthuraman]] [[Rajasree]] [[Jayabharathi]]
| music = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| cinematography = [[Nemai Ghosh (director)|Nemai Ghosh]]
| editing = N. R. Kittu
| studio = Ayya Films
| released = {{film date|1967|7|21|df=y|ref1=}}
| runtime = 177 minutes<ref name="WorldFilmography">{{Cite book |last1=Elley |first1=Derek |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jp7ayTLX1D8C&q=Anubavi+Raja+Anubavi&pg=PA255 |title=World Filmography: 1967 |publisher=[[Fairleigh Dickinson University Press]] |year=1977 |isbn=978-0-498-01565-6 |pages=255}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Anubavi Raja Anubavi''''' ({{translation|Experience it boy, experience it}}) is a 1967 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[comedy film]] written and directed by [[K. Balachander]]. The film stars [[Nagesh]] along with [[R. Muthuraman]], [[Rajasree]] and [[Jayabharathi]]. It was released in July 1967.<ref name="IE review">{{Cite news |date=27 July 1967 |title='Anubavi Raja Anubavi' a senseless film |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=vzY-6mMDyDUC&dat=19670727&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=10 February 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The film was remade in [[Hindi]] as'' [[Do Phool]]'' (1974),<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narayan |first=Hari |date=15 November 2016 |title=KB's continuum |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/KB%E2%80%99s-continuum/article16448445.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123114238/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/KB%E2%80%99s-continuum/article16448445.ece |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=6 April 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> in [[Malayalam]] as ''[[Aanandham Paramaanandham]]'' (1977) and in [[Kannada]] as ''[[Kittu Puttu]]'' (1977).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sing |first=Bobby |date=15 December 2020 |title=CinemaScope: David Dhawan, Govinda and their world of remakes |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/cinemascope-david-dhawan-govinda-and-their-world-of-remakes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422164321/https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/cinemascope-david-dhawan-govinda-and-their-world-of-remakes |archive-date=22 April 2021 |access-date=22 April 2021 |website=[[The Free Press Journal]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Chidambaram is a rich businessman in Madurai. He has a biological son, Janakiraman, and an adopted son, Thangamuthu. The brothers are happy-go-lucky youngsters who just waste time on immature stuff. They are in love with Rajamani and Ramamani, daughters of lawyer/doctor Varadharajan. Their playful activities irritate Chidambaram so much that he disowns them and kicks them out of his house.

The brothers go to the family vacation home in Kodaikanal and hatch a plan to impress their father. Finally they decide that Thangamuthu should fake his own death and Janakiraman should be accused of murdering his (adopted) brother to preserve his legacy. That way, Chidambaram will be forced to publicly accept them as his sons. Jankiraman stages a murder scene and surrenders to police claiming he murdered his brother.. But a group of robbers mistake Thangamuthu for a policeman and decide to kill him.

Chidambaram is shocked and pleads to the police to not arrest his son. Janakiraman is happy his plan is a success and reveals to the police that the entire thing was staged. However, several circumstantial evidences are against him, and added by the fact that Thangamuthu is still missing, he ends up in jail. Chidambaram advertises in the newspaper promising a reward for anyone who finds Thangamuthu.

Scene shifts to Thoothukkudi where Manickam is an innocent port worker and is a look alike of Thangamuthu. We learn his brother has been missing for 18 years. Manickam falls asleep in a ship while loading, and the ship takes him to Madras. He is abducted by couple people who plan to take him to Chidambaram and present him as Thangamuthu for the reward.

It is revealed that Thangamuthu escaped from his abductors. But when he tries to return to Madurai, he gets swapped with Manickam and ends up with Muthamma, who thinks he is Manickam, while Manickam ends up at Chidambaram's house, where everyone thinks he is Thangamuthu.

Chidambaram and his lawyers present Manickam (posing as Thangamuthu) in court in an attempt to declare the case infructuous. But the opposition lawyer figures out the swap and the court is almost convinced Thangamuthu is dead and Janakiraman is the killer. But real Thangamuthu appears right in time to clear all confusion and everything ends well.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Nagesh]] as Thangamuthu and Manikkam
* [[R. Muthuraman]] as Janakiraman
* [[Rajasree]] as Rajamani
* Kovai Jayabharathi as Ramamani
* [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] as Muthamma
* [[Major Sundarrajan]] as Chidambaram
*[[Typist Gopu]] as the bandit leader
*[[O. A. K. Thevar]] as Public Prosecutor
* Hari Krishnan as Varadharajan
*[[T. P. Muthulakshmi]] as Maragadham
*[[S. N. Lakshmi]] as Manikkam mother
*[[S. N. Parvathy]] as Savior of thangamuthu
*[[Samikannu]] as Varadharajan's assistant
}}

== Production ==
''Anubavi Raja Anubavi'' was directed by [[K. Balachander]], who wrote the screenplay based on a story by Rama Arangannal.<ref name="BFTP">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=10 December 2016 |title=Anubavi Raja Anubavi |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Anubavi-Raja-Anubavi/article16789418.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161211151627/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Anubavi-Raja-Anubavi/article16789418.ece |archive-date=11 December 2016 |access-date=24 December 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref name="WorldFilmography" /> The film was produced by V. R. Annamalai and M. R. M. Arunachalam under Ayya Films. Cinematography was handled by [[Nemai Ghosh (director)|Nemai Ghosh]], and editing by N. R. Kittu.<ref name="WorldFilmography" /> The song "Madras Nalla Madras", picturised on Nagesh, was filmed on the roads of Madras (now [[Chennai]]) and Marina Beach.<ref name="BFTP" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=27 August 2019 |title=When Madras cast a spell on Tamil movies |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/270819/when-madras-cast-a-spell-on-tamil-movies.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917025407/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/270819/when-madras-cast-a-spell-on-tamil-movies.html |archive-date=17 September 2019 |access-date=1 October 2020 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref><ref name="kalki">{{Cite magazine |last=நாகேஷ் |author-link=Nagesh |date=23 May 2004 |title=பாட்டும் மெட்டும்! |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki2004-05-23/kalki2004-05-23.pdf |access-date=2 April 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=49–51 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=22 August 2025 |title=Marina beach in Chennai: silent witness to Tamil cinema’s many moods |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/silent-witness-to-tamil-cinemas-many-moods/article69952575.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250822113537/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/silent-witness-to-tamil-cinemas-many-moods/article69952575.ece/amp/ |archive-date=22 August 2025 |access-date=2 September 2025 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
Music was composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]], while the lyrics were written by [[Kannadasan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anubhavi Raja Anubhavi |url=http://gaana.com/album/anubhavi-raja-anubhavi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303112546/http://gaana.com/album/anubhavi-raja-anubhavi |archive-date=3 March 2015 |access-date=15 June 2015 |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]}}</ref> "Madras Nalla Madras" was one of the first songs that tried to provide a commentary on life in the city.<ref name="kalki" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Naig |first=Udhav |date=20 August 2014 |title=Madras by day, by night and by song |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/madras-375-madras-by-day-by-night-and-by-song/article6332571.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902094753/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/madras-375-madras-by-day-by-night-and-by-song/article6332571.ece |archive-date=2 September 2014 |access-date=15 June 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> References to how no one goes slow on the road or speaks good Tamil are made in the song.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 August 2011 |title=How Madras Tamil jazzed up movies |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/how-madras-tamil-jazzed-up-movies/article2410298.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014093524/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/how-madras-tamil-jazzed-up-movies/article2410298.ece |archive-date=14 October 2022 |access-date=14 October 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Like most songs in Balachander's films, the lyrics were satirical in nature.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raman |first=Sruthi Ganapathy |date=22 August 2017 |title=Madras Day: The film songs that best capture the city's diverse spirit |url=https://scroll.in/reel/848005/madras-day-the-film-songs-that-best-capture-the-citys-diverse-spirit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111235623/https://scroll.in/reel/848005/madras-day-the-film-songs-that-best-capture-the-citys-diverse-spirit |archive-date=11 November 2020 |access-date=11 April 2018 |website=[[Scroll.in]]}}</ref> "Muthukulikka Vaareergala" was sung in the [[Thoothukudi]] dialect.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pudipeddi |first=Haricharan |date=17 August 2011 |title=The city in celluloid |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/nxg/the-city-in-celluloid/article2365178.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001085827/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/nxg/the-city-in-celluloid/article2365178.ece |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=15 June 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=14 February 2020 |title=நெல்லைத் தமிழில் எழுதிய பாடல் |trans-title=The song written in Nellai Tamil |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/CinemaNews/2020/02/14172310/Song-written-by-Nellai-Tamil.vpf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201125052624/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/CinemaNews/2020/02/14172310/Song-written-by-Nellai-Tamil.vpf |archive-date=25 November 2020 |access-date=25 November 2020 |work=[[Dina Thanthi]] |language=ta}}</ref> "Muthukulikka" was later reused in the film's Hindi remake ''Do Phool''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=P. V. |date=15 May 2017 |title=FIlmy Ripples- Inspired plagiarism in early music |url=https://tcrcindia.com/2017/05/15/filmy-ripples-inspired-plagiarism-in-early-music/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003173832/https://tcrcindia.com/2017/05/15/filmy-ripples-inspired-plagiarism-in-early-music/ |archive-date=3 October 2017 |access-date=2 April 2024 |website=The Cinema Resource Centre}}</ref>

;Tamil track list
{| class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singers !! Length
|-
| "Muthukulikka Vaareergala" || [[L. R. Eswari]], [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|| 03:34
|-
| "Anubavi Raja Anubavi" || L. R. Eswari, [[P. Susheela]]
|| 03:28
|-
| "Madras Nalla Madras" || T. M. Soundararajan
|| 03:13
|-
| "Azhagirukkuthu" || [[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]], T. M. Soundararajan
|| 03:18
|-
| "Maanendru Pennukkoru" || P. Susheela
|| 4:47
|}

;Telugu track list

The Telugu language lyrics were written by Anisetty Subbarao.<ref>{{Cite web |title=అనుభవించు రాజా అనుభవించు – 1968 (డబ్బింగ్) |trans-title=Anubhavincu Raaja Anubhavincu – 1968 (Dubbing) |url=http://ghantasalagalamrutamu.blogspot.in/2009/04/1968_21.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307021302/http://ghantasalagalamrutamu.blogspot.in/2009/04/1968_21.html |archive-date=7 March 2016 |access-date=3 March 2016 |website=Ghantasala Galamrutamu |language=Telugu}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singers !! Length
|-
| "Malleteega Poosindiraa" || [[L. R. Eswari]], [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || 03:34
|-
| "Anubhavincu Raja Anubhavincu" || L. R. Eswari, [[P. Susheela]] || 03:28
|-
| "Madrasu Vinta Madrasu" || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]] || 03:13
|-
| "Andalucinde Jagatilo" || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], Pithapuram Nageswara Rao || 03:18
|-
| "Maatallo Mallelloni" || P. Susheela || 4:47
|}

== Reception ==
''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote, "The whole narration, a complete botch, is further burdened by unconvincing romantic complications. Besides under the curiously limp and unvaried direction of Balachander, the notable cast gives a somewhat dispirited performance."<ref name="IE review" /> ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' lauded Nagesh's performance but criticised the songs, calling the film a laugh riot worth watching.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=6 August 1967 |title=அனுபவி ராஜா அனுபவி |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1967-08-06/page/n34/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230202105734/https://archive.org/details/kalki1967-08-06/page/n34/mode/2up |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=2 February 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=33 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> The film was a box office hit.<ref name="BFTP" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
{{K. Balachander}}

[[Category:1967 Indian films]]
[[Category:1967 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1967 comedy films]]
[[Category:1967 films]]
[[Category:Films about twin brothers]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Balachander]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by K. Balachander]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Twins in Indian films]]

Shriman Satyawadi

2026-03-04T04:00:58Z

DinahFlo5043561: added a pg

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Shriman Satyawadi
| image = Shriman Satyawadi Film Poster.jpg
| alt = 
| caption = Poster
| director = [[S. M. Abbas]]
| producer = Mahipatray Shah
| writer = Manu Prasad
| screenplay = Adi Marzban
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Raj Kapoor]]
* Mehmood
* Nasir Hussain
* Radhakrishan
* [[Shakila (actress)|Shakila]]
}}
| music = [[Dattaram Wadkar]]
| cinematography = {{Plainlist|
*Jayendra Kapadia
*C.S. Puttu
}}
| editing = Ramchandra Mahadik
| studio =
| distributor = [[Ultra Distributors]]
| released = {{Film date|1960}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| runtime = 147 minutes
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''Shriman Satyawadi''' is a 1960 Hindi film, directed by [[S. M. Abbas]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/shriman-satyawadi-movie/3212 |title=Shriman Satyawadi (1960) - Movie Review, Story, Trailers, Videos, Photos, Wallpapers, Songs, Trivia, Movie Tickets |publisher=Gomolo.com |date= |accessdate=2013-01-11}}</ref> [[Raj Kapoor]], in the lead role is seen in this social drama as an honest man, who will experience only too well how difficult it is to compete in a dishonest world.

==Plot==
Young Vijay Kumar lives with his sick and widowed father Mohanlal under poor conditions. As an honest shopkeeper, he deserves the wherewithal to provide for himself and his son. This doesn't suit the neighbour and competitor Lalachand at all. One day, he hides cocaine in Mohanlal's shop and alerts the police. After the police find it, they want to discipline Mohanlal, who is always honest. But the sick man could not cope with this and dies of a heart attack.

Sad about this death, Vijay never forgot the words of his father and grew up to be an honest doctor. After graduating from college, he finds a job in the advertising department of the rich Champalal and his daughter, Geeta, who is responsible for this Department. Also, he meets Kishore, Lalachand's son, who could not stand Vijay during school.

While Vijay and Kishore fight for Geeta's heart, Lalachand wants to increase his fortune. He makes the ignorant Champalal his investor and manufactures untested skin creams and fake painkillers.

Wanting to impress Geeta with fast success, Kishore releases the cream in market, without waiting for the test reports. However, already the first customers come with their complaints, while the editor of a local newspaper, Moni Chatterjee, is present and interviews Vijay. This confirms that the cream was already introduced on the market before waiting for the test report.

The article in the newspaper represents bad publicity for Champalal's company and Vijay is accused of telling the truth. Since this would otherwise breach his principles, Vijay quits his job, much to the annoyance of Geeta, who is already in love with the honest man.

Soon, Vijay finds a job with Moni Chatterjee, who was impressed by his honesty. Due to his sincere reports, Vijay is very popular, so a helpless blind man turns to him one day. He maintains that his child had died as a result of the painkiller. Vijay is on the trail. His path ultimately leads to Lalachand, who threatens him with death, if ever an article about the toxic pain killers should appear. But Vijay felt afraid of the truth and gets into some turbulence. Finally, the truth prevails and Lalachand is discharged while Champalal apologizes to Vijay. Also Geeta, practitioner of love finds a happy ending.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/shriman-satyawadi-movie-synopsis-plot-story/3212 |title=Shriman Satyawadi (1960) Movie Synopsis | Story Outline and Summary Of Shriman Satyawadi hindi Movie On |publisher=Gomolo.com |date=2008-04-05 |accessdate=2013-01-11}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Raj Kapoor]] as Vijay Kumar
*[[Shakila (actress)|Shakila]] as Geeta
*[[Mehmood (actor)|Mehmood]] as Kishore
*[[Nazir Hussain]] as Champalal
*Gopal Sehgal as costumer
*Radhakrishan as Lalchand
*Raja Nene as Mohanlal
*Moni Chatterjee as Editor

==Music==
The music for this movie was composed by Dattaram. Lyrics were written by [[Hasrat Jaipuri]], [[Gulshan Bawra]] and [[Gulzar]] under his Pen name "Gulzar Deenvi."

{|class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#d1e4fd;"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Haal-E-Dil Hamara Jane Na"
| [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]]
|-
| "Bheegi Hawaon Mein, Teri Adaon Mein"
| [[Manna Dey]], [[Suman Kalyanpur]]
|-
| "Rut Albeli Mast Sama"
| Mukesh
|-
| "Rang Rangeeli Botal Ka"
| [[Mohammed Rafi]]
|-
| "Kyun Uda Jata Hai Aanchal"
| Suman Kalyanpur
|-
| "Ek Baat Kahun Vallah, Yeh Husn Subhanallah, Jab Naam Liya, Dil Tham Liya"
| Mukesh, [[Mahendra Kapoor]], Suman Kalyanpur
|-
| "Ae Dil Dekhe Hai Humne"
| Mukesh
|-
|}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0054302|Shriman Satyawadi}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1960 films]]
[[Category:1960 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1960 Indian films]]

Ennennum Kannettante

2026-03-03T21:43:51Z

DinahFlo5043561: quick update

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ennennum Kannettante
| image = Ennennum Kannettante poster.jpg
| caption = ''Ennennum Kannettante'' poster
| alt =
| director = [[Fazil (director)|Fazil]]
| story = [[Madhu Muttam]]
| producer = Sajan
| screenplay = Fazil
| starring = {{Unbulleted_list|Sangeet Pillai|Sonia G. Nair}}
| music = [[Jerry Amaldev]]
| cinematography = [[Vipindas]]
| editing = T. R. Shekhar
| studio = Saj Productions
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1986|04|10|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Ennennum Kannettante''''' ({{translation|Kannettan's Forever}}) is a 1986 Indian [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]]-language [[romance film]], written and directed by [[Fazil (director)|Fazil]], starring newcomers Sangeet Pillai and Sonia G. Nair.<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Malayalam films released during the year 1986 |url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/1986.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119232635/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/1986.htm |archive-date=19 January 2011 |access-date=19 February 2011 |website=PRD, Government of Kerala}}</ref> The film won the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Film with Popular Appeal and Aesthetic Value]] for the year 1986.<ref name="awards">{{Cite web |title=State Film Awards: 1969–2008 |url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawards2.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091119014326/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawards2.htm |archive-date=19 November 2009 |access-date=19 February 2011 |publisher=Information and Public Relations Department of Kerala}}</ref> [[Srividya]] won the [[Kerala State Film Award for Second Best Actress]] also for this film.<ref name="awards" /> Despite all the critical acclaim, the film was a box office failure.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prema Manmadhan |date=23 December 2005 |title=His experiments with cinema |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2005/12/23/stories/2005122301990100.htm |url-status=usurped |access-date=19 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203235735/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2005/12/23/stories/2005122301990100.htm |archive-date=3 December 2008 |quote=My film Ennennum Kannettante was a failure at the box office, ironically it got the award for the best film with popular appeal.}}</ref> It was remade in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] by the same director as ''[[Varusham 16]]'' (1989) and also in Kannada as ''[[Halli Krishna Delhi Radha]]'' (1992).<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2021 |title=Anandham Vilayadum Veedu: Gautham Karthik-Cheran family entertainer to hit theatres in November |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/anandham-vilayadum-veedu-gautham-karthikcheran-family-entertainer-to-hit-theatres-in-november/fae61f3f5e861 |access-date=12 April 2022 |website=OTTPlay}}</ref>

== Plot ==
''Ennennum Kannettante'' is a teenage love story. It portrays the incomplete love story of 19-year-old Kannan and 16-year-old Radhika.

Kannan comes from [[Trivandrum]] to his Valiya Koikkal Tharavadu (ancestral house) with his mother to spend vacation and to attend the festival in their family temple, the Pookkulangara Devi temple. There are his relatives, like grandfather Parameswara Kurup, grandmother, head of the family and his aunt Vijayalakshmi and her children. Everybody likes Kannan very much, and he has a good time along with his friend Gopu.

But with the arrival of his uncle's daughter (''Murappennu'') Radhika from [[Bangalore]] after a gap of nine years to perform her dance debut (''Arangettam'') in the temple, everyone's attention turns to her. Kannan initially felt sad and angry but, once he sees Radhika, immediately falls in love with her. Kannan and Radhika were childhood friends and both have memories of their childhood. Radhika also likes Kannan, but was afraid to reveal it to Kannan. To know whether Radhika loves him, Kannan plans to ask her secretly and hides himself in the bathroom. Radhika sees him and cries aloud. The whole family learns of the incident, and Kannan was blamed by all, including his mother. She send a message to Kannan's father to take him back to Trivandrum for his exams. Meanwhile, Radhika reveal to Kannan that she loves him as much as he loves her. Soon, Kannan's father take him back to the city.

After finishing the exams, Kannan rushed back to the village to meet Radhika, but she had already gone to the railway station to return to Bangalore and then to the [[United States]] with her parents. Kannan rushed to the station. As he reached there, the train had already left and he couldn't meet Radhika one last time, even though he chased her train. Radhika had left a souvenir for him on the platform, but the heartbroken Kannan didn't see it.

== Cast ==
* Sangeet Pillai as Kannan
* Sonia G. Nair as Radhika<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anand |first=Shilpa Nair |date=21 February 2016 |title=Saying it through dance |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/saying-it-through-dance/article8261313.ece |url-status=live |access-date=29 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701021720/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/saying-it-through-dance/article8261313.ece |archive-date=1 July 2021}}</ref>
* [[Appa Haja]] as Gopu
* [[Nedumudi Venu]] as Tharavadu Karanavar
* [[Thilakan]] as Parameswara Kurup (Kannan's grandfather)
* [[K. P. Ummer]] as Kannan's father
* [[Srividya]] as Kannan's mother
* [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Padmanabha Pillai
* [[Jalaja]] as Vijayalakshmi (Viji)
* [[Sukumari]]
* [[Meena (Malayalam actress)|Meena]] as Maheswari
* [[Adoor Bhavani]]

== Soundtrack ==

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| all_lyrics = [[Kaithapram Damodaran]] except where noted
| all_music = [[Jerry Amaldev]]
| title1 = Bhaagavatham
| lyrics1 = [[Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan]]
| extra1 = [[M. G. Radhakrishnan]]
| title2 = Devadundhubhi
| extra2 = [[K. J. Yesudas]]
| title3 = Devadundhubhi
| extra3 = K. J. Yesudas, Satheesh Babu & Sunanda
| title4 = Kaakkem Keekkem
| lyrics4 = [[Madhu Muttam]]
| extra4 = Padma Subramaniam, Sunanda
| title5 = Nizhalaay Pozhiyum
| extra5 = K. J. Yesudas
| title6 = Onnaanam Kulakkadavil
| extra6 = [[Choir]]
| title7 = Poovattaka Thattichinni
| extra7 = K. J. Yesudas, [[K. S. Chithra]], Choir
| title8 = Thankathala Thaalam
| extra8 = K. J. Yesudas, Choir
}}

This was the first work of poet [[Kaithapram Damodaran]] as a lyricist.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2010 |title=Kaithapram in a new role |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2010/dec/17/kaithapram-in-a-new-role-211895.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204124601/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2010/dec/17/kaithapram-in-a-new-role-211895.html |archive-date=4 February 2022 |access-date=12 April 2022 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> Kaithapram used to write poems in [[Mathrubhumi]], and this brought him to the notice of playback singer [[K. J. Yesudas]], who asked him to write lyrics for his [[Tharangini Records]]. Fazil heard some of these, and asked Kaithapram to write the lyrics for the film.

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0214671}}
* [http://www.malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?4546 ''Ennennum Kannettante''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721222613/http://www.malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?4546 |date=21 July 2011 }} at the Malayalam Movie Database
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110714023555/http://malayalamcinema.com/php/filmDetails.php?filmid=2004&cur_page=1&pages=1&linkid=16&val=rev ''Ennennum Kannettante''] at [[Association of Malayalam Movie Artists|AMMA]] Official website

{{Fazil (director)}}

[[Category:1980s coming-of-age films]]
[[Category:1986 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:1986 romance films]]
[[Category:1980s teen romance films]]
[[Category:Coming-of-age romance films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Jerry Amaldev]]
[[Category:Indian coming-of-age films]]
[[Category:Malayalam films remade in other languages]]

Innale

2026-03-03T21:24:25Z

DinahFlo5043561: enhanced intro to improve readability and fixed typos

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Innale
| image = Innale.jpg
| caption = Promotional Poster
| story = Vasanthi
| writer = Padmarajan
| starring = [[Suresh Gopi]] [[Jayaram]] [[Shobhana]] [[Srividya]]
| director = [[Padmarajan]]
| producer = Ashraf Rasheed
| distributor = Chandrakanth Films
| cinematography = [[Venu (cinematographer)|Venu]]
| editing = [[B. Lenin]] [[V. T. Vijayan]] (assistant)
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1990|5|4|ref1=}}
| runtime = 137 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Perumbavoor G. Raveendranath]] '''Background Score:''' [[Mohan Sithara]]
}}

'''''Innale''''' ({{Translation|Yesterday}}) is a 1990 [[Malayalam]]-language [[psychological drama]] film written and directed by [[P. Padmarajan]]. The film was produced by Ashraf and Rasheed under the banner A. B. R. Productions. The film stars [[Suresh Gopi]], [[Jayaram]], [[Shobhana]] and [[Srividya]] in lead roles. The film features original songs composed by [[Perumbavoor G. Raveendranath]], while the [[film score]] was composed by [[Mohan Sithara]]. The cinematography was handled by [[Venu (cinematographer)|Venu]], editing by [[B. Lenin]], costumes by [[Indrans]] and [[Dubbing#ADR/post-sync|ADR]] by [[T. Krishnanunni]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Vineyards of passion and bloody beaches: 5 eternal Padmarajan films for movie buffs |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/galleries/entertainment/2020/jan/23/vineyards-of-passion-and-bloody-beaches-5-eternal-padmarajan-films-for-movie-buffs-102725.html |access-date=2021-07-06 |website=The New Indian Express|date=27 January 2020 }}</ref>

In the film, a girl ([[Shobana]]) is found as an injured victim of a bus accident. She has suffered complete memory loss and is unable to remember her past life or even her name. She falls in love with Sharath Menon ([[Jayaram|Jayram]]), who helps her cope with her new life. However, things get troublesome when people from her previous life come searching for her.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Innale Story, Innale Movie Story, Plot, Synopsis, Review, Preview |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/movies/innale/story.html |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=FilmiBeat |language=en}}</ref>

''Innale'' was released in theatres on 4 May 1990 to highly positive reviews. The film was a commercial success and went on to become one of the highest grossing Malayalam films of the year. The film won [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Music Director|The Kerala State Film Award for Best Music Director]] (Perumbavoor G. Raveendranath), [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Malayalam|The Filmfare award for the Best Actress]] (Shobana) and [[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards|The Film Critics Award for Best Script]] (P. Padmarajan). Noted director [[Ranjith (director)|Ranjith]] recognizes the film as one of his favorite films. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2020-11-29|title=Looking At Padmarajan's Innale, And His Remarkable Oeuvre|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/readers-articles/malayalam-movies-innale-hotstar-looking-at-padmarajan-s-remarkable-oeuvre-shobana-jayaram-suresh-gopi/|access-date=2021-07-06|website=Film Companion|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name='awards'>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-03 |title=Kerala State Film Awards |url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawards2.htm |access-date=2022-04-26 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234213/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawards2.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Plot ==
A girl, is found as an injured victim of a bus accident, during her travel to religious places throughout India. She is taken to a hospital in a hill station, where the doctor declares that she has amnesia due to the accident, and has forgotten herself and her past.

She forgets her larger past and starts to move with courage, towards her new-found self, after struggling within herself, asking questions. She also meets malicious people who claim to be her well-wishers, taking advantage of her [[vulnerability]]. She fights them with the help of the brave Mr. Sharath Menon, who protects her during the transition to become the new Maya (a new name christened by Sharath).

Dr. Sandhya who treated her, is also Sharath's mother. She too comforts her and allows her to become Maya. Though she does worry about what is to follow. Sandhya decides to meet anyone who claim to be Maya's family, so that she could help her out. Sharath brings actors to make Dr. Sandhya believe that Maya has parents, to get his mother's consent to marry Maya, with whom he has deeply fallen in love with. Sandhya has no other choice than to leave the young lovers to their own fate.

[[File:Innale Screen Shot.jpg|right|thumb|200x300px|A still from the film featuring [[Jayaram]] and [[Srividya]]]]

Meanwhile, Dr. Narendran, who is a scientist by profession working in the US, starts to search for his lost wife, Gauri. After much searching with all his friends and resources, he finally gets information about a girl who was an accident victim on a hill station. He calls Sandhya during her birthday party, where the doctor also announces the engagement of Maya with her son, Sharath. Sandhya is shocked and informs her son about Dr. Narendran's phone call. Narendran reminiscences memories of the beautiful days spent with his lovely wife Gauri.

The three main characters meet where Narendran becomes speechless after his wife talks to him like a complete stranger. He decides that she has indeed become a new person and it would be unfair to bring her more sorrow by revealing the truth that she is his wife.

Sharath happily asks whether she was the person he is looking for, to which Narendran answers no, by only shaking his head. He understands that Sharath and Maya are deeply in love with each other and leaves in haste, never showing Sarath his wedding photos with Gauri, that he was carrying with him. The last scene shows the bewildered Maya and Sharath staring at him, leaving so abruptly, without drinking the tea she made.

== Cast ==
* [[Suresh Gopi]] as Dr. Narendran
* [[Jayaram]] as Sarath Menon
* [[Shobhana]] as Maya / Gauri
* [[Srividya]] as Dr. Sandhya
* [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Azhagappan
* [[T. P. Madhavan]]
* [[Captain Raju]] as Circle Inspector Satheeshan
* [[Philomina]] as Rahelamma
* [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]] as Shankarapillai
* [[K. P. A. C. Lalitha]] as Soshamma
* [[Sreenath]] as Dr.Gafoor
* [[Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair]]
* [[K. P. A. C. Sunny]]
* [[Indrans]] as Sudheer, Hospital Attender

==Soundtrack==
The songs featured in the film were composed by [[Perumbavoor G. Raveendranath]]. The [[film score]] was composed by [[Mohan Sithara]]. The songs were released by [[Tharangini Records|Tharangini]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics
|-
| 1 || "Kannil Nin Meyyil" || [[K. S. Chithra]] || [[Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri]]
|-
| 2 || "Nee Vin Poo Pol" || [[K. J. Yesudas]], K. S. Chithra || Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri
|-
| 3 || "Kannil Nin Meyyil" || K. J. Yesudas || Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri
|}

==Reception==
===Critical reception===
In a retrospect review Praveen Palakkazh of ''[[Anupama Chopra|FilmCompanion]]'' states that "The character of the husband, Narendran, is played by a pre-superstar Suresh Gopi, and here he shows the genius restraint he has in his performances that do not play to his loud superstar aura. It is in fact this character who haunts me the most in this film." He further states that "''Innale'' is not even one of my favourite Padmarajan works, and yet the feeling and thoughtfulness that even a part of it evokes is a reflection of the work of a master. What would someone like Padmarajan have made of the current generation of brave and beautiful filmmaking that is happening in the Malayalam industry? Would he have gone on to make even better masterpieces than the ones we already savour? Would he have provided succour with his movies during the barren period of creativity in the late nineties and early noughties? Of course, we will never know. Meanwhile, let's keep enjoying the classics he did leave us with."<ref name=":1" />

=== Box office ===
The film was a commercial success and was one of the biggest hits in Padmaranjan's career. It was one of the highest grossers of the year.<ref name=":0" />

== Accolades ==
The film has won numerous accolades, namely:

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Award
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Category
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Nominee(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Result
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="1" | [[Kerala State Film Awards]]
| [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Music Director]]<ref name='awards' />
| [[Perumbavoor G. Raveendranath]]
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="1" | [[Filmfare awards]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Malayalam|Filmfare award for Best Actress]]
| [[Shobana]]
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="1" | [[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards|Film Critic Award]]
| [[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards|Film Critic Award for Best Script]]
| [[P. Padmarajan]]
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="1" | Film Chamber Award
| Film Chamber Award for Best Script
| [[P. Padmarajan]]
| {{won}}
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0248909|Innale}}

{{Padmarajan}}

[[Category:1990 films]]
[[Category:1990 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Perumbavoor G. Raveendranath]]
[[Category:Films about amnesia]]
[[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Padmarajan]]
[[Category:Films directed by Padmarajan]]

Bombay Priyudu

2026-03-03T18:20:28Z

DinahFlo5043561: improved article

{{Short description|1996 film K. Raghavendra Rao}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Bombay Priyudu.jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = [[K. Raghavendra Rao]]
| producer = K. Krishna Mohana Rao
| studio = RK Film Associates
| writer = Satyanand
| starring = [[J. D. Chakravarthy]] [[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]] [[Vanisri]] [[Sudhakar (actor)|Sudhakar]] [[Brahmanandam]] [[Tanikella Bharani]] [[Chitti Babu Punyamurthula]]
| music = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| cinematography = [[Chota K. Naidu]]
| editing = [[Marthand K. Venkatesh]]
| released = {{Film date|1996|09|05|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Bombay Priyudu''''' ({{translation|Lover from Bombay}}) is a 1996 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language romantic comedy drama film directed by [[K. Raghavendra Rao]]. The film stars [[J. D. Chakravarthy]] and [[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]], with music composed by [[M. M. Keeravani]]. The film was a commercial success, particularly noted for its soundtrack, which became highly popular.

==Plot==
Chitti Babu and Pyarelal are roommates in [[Bombay]]. With photography as occupation, Chitti Babu is forever prowling the streets with his camera. One day when he comes to the airport to take pictures of a man, he spots Raga Sudha and falls in love with her at first sight. Bombay, who steals a gold chain from a jeweller's, drops it in Raga Sudha's bag while being chased by the police. The bag goes to Chitti Babu's gypsy, who finds his dream girl's photograph in it.

Chitti Babu dons the guise of a rich man and makes her come to different places to collect her bag, but does not give it. Chitti Babu meets her and tells her that he will help her in getting her bag. She falls for Chitti Babu. Later, she finds that the bag is with Chitti Babu and accuses him of cheating her. In the process of appeasing his lady love, Chitti Babu meets with an accident and ends up in a hospital. This rekindles Raga Sudha's love for him.

Raga Sudha's mother, Dhana Lakshmi returns from abroad with a prospective groom for her daughter. Coming to know of her daughter's love affair, she takes her away to [[Hyderabad]] and sets up a date for her wedding because Dhana Lakshmi's love is an anathema. Chitti Babu saves Dhana Lakshmi from goons sent by her manager. He is introduced himself as J. D. to Dhana Lakshmi. She appoints him as the bodyguard of Raga Sudha. The manager kidnaps Raga Sudha while they are going to [[Srisailam]] for marriage by bus. Raga Sudha's maternal uncle Buchiki reveals that J. D. is none other than Chitti Babu. The manager wants to marry Raga Sudha and tries to rape her in the running bus. Chitti Babu fights Benarjee and marries Raga Sudha with the blessings of Dhana Lakshmi.

==Cast==
* [[J. D. Chakravarthy]] as Chitti Babu / J. D.
* [[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]] as Raga Sudha
* [[Vanisri]] as Dhana Lakshmi
* [[M. Balaiah]] as Dhana Lakshmi's father
* [[Sudhakar (actor)|Sudhakar]] as Pyarelal
* [[Brahmanandam]] as Bombay
* [[Tanikella Bharani]] as Kaima Patel
* [[Amanchi Venkata Subrahmanyam|A.V.S.]] as Buchiki
* [[Babu Mohan]] as P. K. Rao
* [[Sivaji Raja]] as P. K. Rao's son
* [[Chitti Babu Punyamurthula]] as singer
* [[Gundu Hanumantha Rao]] as Pandu
* [[Banerjee (actor)|Banerjee]] as Dhana Lakshmi's manager

== Soundtrack ==
{{Track listing
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 41:34
| all_music = [[M. M. Keeravaani]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/bombai-priyudu/xSH7VEGT-MM_ | website = [[JioSaavn]] | title = Bombai Priyudu | access-date = 8 December 2020}}</ref>
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| title1 = Rajkapooru Cinemaloni
| lyrics1 = [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| extra1 = [[M. M. Keeravaani]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length1 = 5:12
| title2 = Emhayigundiro
| lyrics2 = [[Veturi]]
| extra2 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[M. M. Srilekha]]
| length2 = 4:57
| title3 = Balamuralikrishna
| lyrics3 = Chandrabose
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra, M. M. Keeravaani
| length3 = 5:41
| title4 = Chethilona Cheyyesi
| lyrics4 = Veturi
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Prathima Rao
| length4 = 5:09
| title5 = Chandana Cheeranu
| lyrics5 = Chandrabose
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[Anuradha Sriram]]
| length5 = 4:57
| title6 = Aho Priya
| lyrics6 = [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| extra6 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra
| length6 = 4:29
| title7 = Guppedu Gundenu
| lyrics7 = Chandrabose
| extra7 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra
| length7 = 6:08
| title8 = Pranayama
| lyrics8 = Chandrabose
| extra8 = M. M. Keeravaani, K. S. Chithra
| length8 = 5:01
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''Andhra Today'' wrote, "After a superhit like '[[Pelli Sandadi|Pellisandadi]]' such a dull movie as this is not to the director's credit".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.andhratoday.com/movie/bpriyudu.htm |title=Reviews |website=www.andhratoday.com |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980213002305/http://www.andhratoday.com/movie/bpriyudu.htm |archive-date=13 February 1998 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1996/Sep/20-sep-1996.pdf|title=గెల్చే అవకాశమున్నా గెల్పించే వారులేరు !|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913122812/http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1996/Sep/20-sep-1996.pdf |archive-date=13 September 2016 }}</ref>

==Awards==
* [[Nandi Award for Best Female Playback Singer]] - [[K. S. Chitra]] - "Pranayama"<ref>{{Cite web |title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008) |trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008) |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf |access-date=21 August 2020 |publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]] |language=Telugu}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{K. Raghavendra Rao}}

[[Category:1996 Indian films]]
[[Category:1990s musical comedy films]]
[[Category:1990s romantic musical films]]
[[Category:1996 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1996 films]]
[[Category:1996 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films about singers]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Raghavendra Rao]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. M. Keeravani]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian musical comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic musical films]]

Dhund (2003 film)

2026-03-03T01:21:53Z

DinahFlo5043561: rework content also and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|2003 Indian Hindi-language film}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Dhund
| image = DhundUKPoster.jpg
| caption = International release poster
| director = [[Shyam Ramsay]]
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* Yashovardhan Tyagi
* Vinod Sharma
}}
| based_on = ''[[I Know What You Did Last Summer]]''
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Amar Upadhyay]]
* [[Aditi Govitrikar]]
* [[Apurva Agnihotri]]
* [[Divya Palat]]
* [[Irrfan Khan]]
}}
| music = [[Viju Shah]]
| cinematography = Gangu Ramsay
| editing = Mohammed Rafique
| studio = Sukrit Pictures
| screenplay = S. Khan
| writer = Sajeev Kapoor (dialogues)
| released = {{Film date|2003|02|21|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| runtime = 147 minutes<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/dhund-the-fog-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0znde4odk|title=Dhund - The Fog|website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]}}</ref>
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Dhund''''' (released internationally as '''''The Fog''''') is a 2003 Indian Hindi-language [[horror film]] directed by [[Shyam Ramsay]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=DHUND - THE FOG (2003)|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8ab48dcb|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410191852/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8ab48dcb|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 April 2021|access-date=2021-05-20|website=BFI}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Dhund: The Fog Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/dhund-the-fog/movieshow/61323731.cms|access-date=2021-05-20}}</ref> The film stars [[Amar Upadhyay]], [[Apurva Agnihotri]], [[Aditi Govitrikar]], and [[Irrfan Khan]] in lead roles. It was released on 21 February 2003<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dhund: The Fog (2003) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/dhund-the-fog-9478|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031132403/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/dhund-the-fog-9478|url-status=live|archive-date=31 October 2019|access-date=2021-05-20|website=Cinestaan}}</ref> and [[box-office bomb|bombed at the box office]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=560|title=Dhund - The Fog - Movie|website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref> The film is loosely inspired by the 1997 American [[slasher film]] ''[[I Know What You Did Last Summer]]''.<ref name=BH/>

==Plot==
Simran lives with her uncle, Rajendra, in a wealthy Malhotra family. She falls in love with Sameer, a photographer. While she participates in a beauty contest, her collegemate Taniya Khurana becomes frustrated. Taniya's brother Ajit threatens her regularly. But Simran's best friend Kajal and Kajal's boyfriend Kunal support Simran. They assure her. Simran takes part in the contest and wins. Disheartened, Ajit attacks Simran and Kajal, but they accidentally kill him after a short fight. When their respective boyfriends return, they decide not to tell anyone about the horrific incident. But Vikram, close to the Malhotra family, tries to blackmail those four friends that he knows everything about Ajit's death. Police inspector Ashutosh Khanna suspects the gang of four, but he has no evidence against them.

==Cast==
*[[Amar Upadhyay]] as Sameer
*[[Aditi Govitrikar]] as Simran Malhotra
*[[Apurva Agnihotri]] as Kunal
*[[Divya Palat]] as Kajal
*[[Irrfan Khan]] as Ajit Khurana
*[[Shweta Menon]] as Tanya Khurana
*[[Prem Chopra]] as Rajendra Malhotra
*[[Gulshan Grover]] as Inspector Ashutosh Khanna
*[[Mukesh Tiwari]] as Vikram
*[[Tom Alter]] as Uncle Tom
*[[Pappu Polyester]]

== Soundtrack ==
All tracks were composed by [[Viju Shah]] and lyrics penned by Ibrahim Ashq, Chandrashekhar Rajit and Rakesh Mishra.
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! # !! Title !! Singer(s) !! Length
|-
| 1
| "Dilbar Mera"
| [[Udit Narayan]], [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]
| 5:17
|-
| 2
| "Samjhona"
| [[Abhijeet Bhattacharya|Abhijeet]], [[Madhushree]]
| 5:32
|-
| 3
| "Aas Paas" (Female)
| Sunidhi Chauhan
| 7:39
|-
| 4
| "Kitna Intezar"
| [[Alka Yagnik]]
| 5:07
|-
| 5
| "Samjha Nahi"
| Poonam Bhatia
| 5:31
|-
| 6
| "Mehki Mehki"
| [[Sonu Nigam]], Alka Yagnik
| 6:23
|-
| 7
| "Main Albeli Main Matwali"
| Sunidhi Chauhan
| 5:17
|-
| 8
| "Aas Paas" (Male)
| [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]
| 7:39
|}

==Reception==
[[Taran Adarsh]] from ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' gave the film one star out of five, comparing it unfavorably to the previous Ramsay horror films, and criticizing the music as well as the editing.<ref name=BH>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/dhund-the-fog/critic-review/dhund-the-fog-movie-review/|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=21 February 2003 |title=Dhund – the Fog Review 1/5 | Dhund – the Fog Movie Review | Dhund – the Fog 2003 Public Review | Film Review |date=21 February 2003 }}</ref>

==See also==
*''[[Kucch To Hai]]'', another 2003 Indian Hindi-language film inspired by ''I Know What You Did Last Summer''.

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0353351}}

{{Shyam Ramsay}}

[[Category:2003 films]]
[[Category:2003 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Viju Shah]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian slasher films]]
[[Category:Indian horror thriller films]]
[[Category:2000s horror thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Shyam Ramsay]]

{{2000s-Hindi-film-stub}}
{{2000s-horror-film-stub}}

Miley Somehow

2026-03-02T10:01:49Z

DinahFlo5043561: Added Initial Article More To Come

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Miley Somehow
| image =
| director = [[Vikram Yoganand]]
| producer = {{ubl|Mehdi Ali Khan|Vikram Yoganand}}
| screenplay = {{ubl|Mehdi Ali Khan|Vikram Yoganand}}
| starring = {{ubl|Mehdi Ali Khan|Shakthi Kumar|Adam Aziz|Fatima Raj|Amisha Ambekar|Amrita Saha|Anandan Sundararajan|Arif}}
| music = Nobin Paul
| cinematography = Vikram Yoganand
| editing = Vikram Yoganand
| studio = Smart Screen Productions
| distributor = UTV Motion Pictures
| released = {{Film date|2013}}
| runtime = 120 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = Hindi
| budget = $110,000
}}

'''''Miley Somehow''''' is a 2013 independent [[Hindi language|Hindi]] [[romantic comedy]] film directed and co-written by [[Vikram Yoganand]] and shot in and around [[Bangalore]] by a crew of young Bangalorean filmmakers.<ref name="Daily News & Analysis 3 April 2013">{{cite news|last1=Mahalakshmi|first1=Prabhakaran|title=It's all about social networking|url=http://dnasyndication.com/showarticlerss.aspx?nid=kXtNRk8Yh3ChrXIukISxxToEKqntyX5SwkeO52DK8ts=|accessdate=9 May 2016|work=[[Daily News & Analysis]]|date=3 April 2013}}</ref><ref name="New Indian Express 19 March 2013"/><ref name="Online Cinema Talkies"/>

==Plot==
The story-line revolves around 6 youngsters in their early and mid 20s and address love, career, relationships, and marriage etc. The theme is very metro and treatment very Urban.<ref name="Online Cinema Talkies">{{cite news|last1=staff|title=Kehdo – 'Miley Somehow'|url=http://www.onlinecinematalkies.com/awards-reviews/music-albums/kehdo-miley-somehow.html|accessdate=9 May 2016|publisher=Online Cinema Talkies|year=2013}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* Mehdi Ali Khan
* Shakthi Kumar<ref name="Times of India 14 January 2014">{{cite news|last1=TNN staff|title=Shakthi Kumar signs his second Bollywood film|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Shakthi-Kumar-signs-his-second-Bollywood-film/articleshow/28783813.cms|agency=9 May 2016|publisher=[[Times of India]]|date=14 January 2014}}</ref>
* Adam Aziz
* Fatima Raj
* Amisha Ambekar
* Amrita Saha
* Anandan Sundararajan
* Arif
{{div col end}}

==Production==
The movie is directed by first timer Vikram Yoganand, who was also [[cinematographer]], [[screenwriter]] and [[film editor]].<ref name="New Indian Express 19 March 2013"/><ref name="Online Cinema Talkies"/> Produced by Smart Screen Productions. The film was shot on RED MX camera and was set for release in May 2013.

The production used six main actors plus about 25 to 30 people, with everyone is working because of their passion towards films and filmmaking. The whole crew viz., actors, technicians, musicians, etc., has the passion, zeal and love for films that has driven the team.

Toward the music of the film, "The song, Gumshuda for which music has been rendered by Nobin Paul and sung by Sinchan Dixit, has garnered rave reviews on the social media. We will soon come out with Kehdo, which is also composed by Nobin Paul with lyrics written by Prashanth Lalan and voice rendered by Abhilash Gupta and Sinchan Dixit. The song is a sure shot winner; some nice rhythm elements, fab groove, catchy hook line and it will make you want to shake a leg. A great boost for the entire campaign."<ref name="New Indian Express 19 March 2013"/>

Director Yoganand added, "The whole process of making the film was very gratifying and exciting. It’s something I would do for the rest of my life. We want to be successful in doing meaningful films and put our heart and soul into filmmaking."<ref name="New Indian Express 19 March 2013"/>

==Release==
The crew is now planning to release the film in a few theatres. "We also plan to release it online later and take part in few film festivals too," said director Yoganand, who added, "The whole process of making the film was very gratifying and exciting. It’s something I would do for the rest of my life. We want to be successful in doing meaningful films and put our heart and soul into Filmmaking."<ref name="New Indian Express 19 March 2013">{{cite news|last1=Sharadhaa|first1=A .|title='Miley Somehow' (Hindi)|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/article1506980.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328101314/http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/article1506980.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 March 2013|accessdate=9 May 2016|agency=[[New Indian Express]]|publisher=By Published: 19 March 2013|date=19 March 2013}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The song, ''Gumshuda'' for which music has been composed by Nobin Paul and sung by Sinchan Dixit, has garnered rave reviews on the social media.<ref name="New Indian Express 19 March 2013"/> The song ''Kehdo'', is also composed by Nobin Paul with lyrics written by Prashanth Lalan and voices rendered by Abhilash Gupta and Sinchan Dixit. The song is a considered sure shot winner, with some nice rhythm elements, a fab groove, a catchy hook line and it predicted to make viewers want to shake a leg. A great boost for the entire campaign.<ref name="New Indian Express 19 March 2013"/><ref name="Bangalore Mirror 22 March 2013">{{cite news|last1=staff|title=Chinwag With Abhilash Gupta|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/lounge/Chinwag-with-Abhilash-Gupta/articleshow/21215234.cms|accessdate=9 May 2016|publisher=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=22 March 2013}}</ref>

{{tracklist
| headline=
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| total_length = 6:00
| title1 = ''Kehdo''
| extra1 = Abhilash Gupta, Sinchan Dixit
| lyrics1 = Prashanth Lalan
| length1 = 2:53
| title2 = ''Gumshuda''
| extra2 = Sinchan Dixit, Prashanth Lalan
| lyrics2 = Prashanth Lalan
| length2 = 3:01
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:2013 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2013 Indian films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language romantic comedy films]]

Śaṅkaranandana

2026-03-01T23:43:27Z

DinahFlo5043561: added stub

{{Short description|9th/10th century Buddhist philosopher}}
'''Śaṅkaranandana''' (fl. c. 9th or 10th century), (Tibetan: ''Bde byed dga’ ba)'' was a [[Mahayana]] Buddhist philosopher,<ref>EAST | Epistemology and Argumentation in South Asia and Tibet, University of Heidelberg. https://east.ikga.oeaw.ac.at/buddh/ind/persons/</ref><ref name=":1" /> and a [[brahmin]] lay devotee ([[upāsaka]]) active in [[Kashmir]] in the [[Buddhist logico-epistemology|epistemological (''pramana'') tradition]] of [[Dignāga|Dignaga]] and [[Dharmakirti|Dharmakīrti]]. He was quite influential in both Kashmir and [[Tibet]], and became known as "the second Dharmakīrti," and “the Great Brahmin.”<ref name=":0">"Śaṅkaranandana" (Eltschinger) in Silk, Jonathan A (editor in chief). ''Brill’s Encyclopedia of Buddhism Volume II: Lives.''</ref>

Śaṅkaranandana is cited by both [[Kashmir Shaivism|Kashmiri Shaiva]] authors like [[Abhinavagupta]]<ref>Franco, Elo; Ratié, Isabelle (2016). ''Around Abhinavagupta: Aspects of the Intellectual History of Kashmir from the Ninth to the Eleventh Century,'' p. 282. LIT Verlag Münster</ref> and by Tibetan Buddhist authors and translators.<ref name=":0" /> Vincent Eltschinger states that he was "the main interlocutor of the [[Shaivism|Saiva]] [[Pratyabhijna|Pratyabhijña]] school and as one of the most influential thinkers among the early generations of Tibetan philosophers."<ref name=":1">Eltschinger, Vincent. ''Latest News from a Kashmirian “Second Dharmakīrti”'' In Patrick McAllister, Cristina Scherrer-Schaub, Helmut Krasser, ed., [https://www.oeaw.ac.at/en/ikga/publikationen/reihen/beitraege-zur-kultur-und-geistesgeschichte-asiens-bkga/cultural-flows-across-the-western-himalaya ''Cultural Flows across the Western Himalaya.'' (BKGA 83.) Wien: VÖAW, 2015.]</ref> His influence on Kashmir Shaiva thinkers was such that Abhinavagupta even calls Śaṅkaranandana his "[[guru]]" in ''Mālinīvijayavārttika'' and speaks of Śaṅkaranandana's enlightenment in another text (the interpretation of this is disputed however).<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> This led some modern scholars to speculate whether Śaṅkaranandana was a Shaiva at some point who later converted to Buddhism. This thesis has not been proven however. [[Taranatha|Tāranātha’s]] ''History'' does state that he was a non-Buddhist brahmin who converted after seeing [[Manjushri|Manjusri]] in a dream. Whatever the case, all of Śaṅkaranandana's extant works are of a Buddhist persuasion.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

Like other thinkers in his tradition, Śaṅkaranandana defended the idealistic [[Yogachara|Yogacara]] theory of "consciousness only" or ''Vijñānavāda'' through the logical refutation of any external objects of cognition.<ref name=":1" /> Thus, according to Eltschinger, for Śaṅkaranandana "[[Philosophical realism|realistic]] or [[Pluralism (philosophy)|pluralistic]] accounts of reality rely on latent tendencies and are ultimately erroneous". For Śaṅkaranandana, the ultimate view is the [[Nondualism|non-dual]] view (advaya-darsana) in which a Buddha perceives only non-dual consciousness free of subject-object distinctions and of all transformations of thought produced by latent tendencies.<ref>Eltschinger, Vincent. 2008. ''Śaṅkaranandana’s Sarvajñasiddhi: A Preliminary Report''. Mémoires de La Commission Orientaliste 1. Roma: Istituto Italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente.</ref>

== Work ==
Śaṅkaranandana wrote at least 17 works on logic and epistemology.<ref name=":0" /> Four of his works have survived in Tibetan translation, and others have survived in Sanskrit manuscripts, most incomplete or fragmentary.<ref>Eltschinger, V. 2008. “Śaṅkaranandana's ''Sarvajñasiddhi''. A preliminary report”, in Sferra, F. (ed.), Manuscripta Buddhica I: Sanskrit Texts from Giuseppe Tucci's Collection, part 1. (Serie Orientale Roma 104.) Rome: Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente, 115–56.</ref>

According to Eltschinger his magnum opus was most likely the ''Prajñālaṅkāra'' (“Ornament of Wisdom”), which was "a systematic exposition of the [[Yogachara|Yogācāra]] Buddhist doctrine of mind-only (''vijñaptimātratā'')."<ref name=":0" />

Among his other writings are four commentaries on Dharmakīrti's texts, including the ''Pramāṇavārttikaṭīkā'', which comments on Dharmakīrti's ''Pramāṇavārttikasvavṛtti''.<ref name=":0" />

One of his surviving texts, the ''Īśvarāpākaraṇa-saṅkṣepa (Summary of a refutation of [[Ishvara|Īśvarā]]),'' a refutation of the Hindu concept of a [[creator deity]], has been translated by into German in Helmut Krasser's [[Habilitation|habilitation study]].<ref>Krasser, Helmut (2002) ''Sankaranandanas Isvarapakaranasanksepa: Texte.'' Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften</ref><ref>[https://stb.univie.ac.at/en/research/research-projects/fp-detail-engl/news/sankaranandanas-isvarapakaranasanksepa-mit-einem-anonymen-kommentar-und-weiteren-materialien-zur/?tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=15add66a9b509fabb8047eb8b62f5285 Krasser (2002). Śaṅkaranandanas Īśvarāpākaraṇasaṅkṣepa mit einem anonymen Kommentar und weiteren Materialien zur buddhistischen Gottespolemik]</ref>

Other works include:<ref name=":0" /><ref>Eltschinger, Vincent. 2006. “Les Œuvres de Śaṅkaranandana: Nouvelles Ressources Manuscrites, Chronologie Relative et Identité Confessionnelle.” ''Annali Dell’Università Degli Studi Di Napoli “L’Orientale”'' 66 (1–4): 83–122.</ref>

* ''Sambandhaparīkṣānusāra'' (translated by Parahita-bhadra and Dga’ ba’i rdo rje into Tibetan)
* ''Apohasiddhi'' translated by Manoratha and Rngog Blo ldan shes rab
*''Vādanyāya'' (a commentary on a work by Dharmakīrti)
* ''Pratibandhasiddhikārikā'' translated by Bhavyarāja and Rngog Blo ldan shes rab
* ''Laghupratibandhasiddhikārikā'' (“Short Proof of the Connection”)
* ''Sūkṣmaprāmāṇya-, Madhyaprāmāṇya-'', and ''Bṛhatprāmāṇya'' kārikās (“Short/Middle/Extensive versions of "Examination of Valid Cognition")
* ''Anyāpohasiddhikārikā'' (“Proof of Other-Exclusion”)
* ''Dharmālaṅkāra'' (“Ornament of the Dharma”)
* ''Sarvajñasiddhikārikā'' (“Proof of all-knowledge”)
* ''Svalpasarvajñasiddhikārikā'' (also known as ''Sarvajñasiddhisaṅkṣepa'', “Summary of the Proof of all-knowledge”),
* ''Saṅkṣipteśvarāpākaraṇa'' (also known as ''Īśvarāpākaraṇasaṅkṣepa'', “Summary of the Refutation of [a Creator] God”)
* ''Āgamasiddhi'' (“Proof of [the Human Origin of Authoritative] Scripture”)

==See also==
* [[Pramana]]
* [[Epistemology]]
* [[Dharmakirti]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==

{{Buddhism topics}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:10th-century Indian philosophers]]
[[Category:10th-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:Atheist philosophers]]
[[Category:10th-century Buddhists]]
[[Category:Buddhist logic]]
[[Category:Mahayana Buddhist writers]]
[[Category:History of logic]]
[[Category:Indian Buddhists]]
[[Category:Indian scholars of Buddhism]]
[[Category:Indian logicians]]
[[Category:10th-century Indian Buddhists]]

Rashmi Urdhwareshe

2026-02-10T02:56:58Z

DinahFlo5043561: adding new article

{{Short description|Indian automotive engineer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rashmi Urdhwardeshe
| image = Rashmi Urdhwardeshe (cropped).jpg
| caption = in March 2020
| birth_name = Rashmi Ranade
| birth_date = 1959
| birth_place = [[Nagpur]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| other_names =
| known_for = awarded the [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]]
| education = [[Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur]]
| employer = [[Automotive Research Association of India]]
| occupation = Indian automotive engineer
| spouse =
| partner =
| children =
| parents =
| relatives =
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Rashmi Urdhwardeshe''' born '''Rashmi Ranade''' (born c.1959) is an Indian automotive engineer. She is the director of the [[Automotive Research Association of India]]. In March 2020 she received the [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]].<ref name=autoe/>

==Life==
Urdhwareshe was born in [[Nagpur]] in 1959.<ref name=autoe/> In 1977 she opted to study at [[Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology Nagpur|Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur]] [[Electrical Engineering]] and then completed her post graduation from [[COEP]] in [[Automotive Engineering]], which was then an unusual and challenging choice of career for a woman in India. There were few women (and not many toilets) at the engineering college and automotive was usually an all-male preserve.<ref name=iex>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/36-years-efforts-reached-its-zenith-today-nari-shakti-award-winner-rashmi-urdhwardeshe6305704/|title=36 years' efforts reached its zenith today: Nari Shakti award winner Rashmi Urdhwardeshe|date=2020-03-08|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-04}}</ref>
[[file:Shri Ram Nath Kovind presenting the Nari Shakti Puruskar for the year 2019 to Smt. Rashmi Urdhwardeshe.jpg|thumb|left|President [[Ram Nath Kovind]] presenting the Nari Shakti Puruskar to Rashmi Urdhwareshe watched by the Minister for Women [[Smriti Irani]]]]
She was trained in electronic engineering and helped to develop controls for the hydraulics of testing machines and then on emission control. She helped develop methods of measurement of emissions at what was the first Indian laboratory studying emissions. Her areas of expertise are [[automotive safety]], [[Exhaust gas|emissions]] and ambient air quality ([[Air quality management|AQM]]), [[E-mobility]], [[sustainable transport]], [[vehicle regulation]], [[homologation]], etc. She is an expert on [[total quality management]] and co-authored a book on the subject.<ref name=iex/>

She was keen on sport as a girl, learned to play the sitar and in time she was a champion at Bridge for her state.<ref name=wom>{{Cite web|title=Women of Mettle – Rashmi Urdhwareshe, Director, ARAI|url=http://motorindiaonline.in/women-of-mettle/women-of-mettle-rashmi-urdhwareshe-director-arai/|access-date=2020-07-13|website=motorindiaonline.in}}</ref>

She was chosen to be the next director of the [[Automotive Research Association of India]] in 2014.<ref name=iex/>

In March 2020, her work in 2019 was recognised with the highest award for women in India. The [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]] was given by the President of India [[Ram Nath Kovind]] recognising her work over 35 years work in automotive research and development. At the time she was based in [[Pune]] so she travelled to get the award in Delhi at the Rashtrapati Bhavan Cultural Center.<ref name=autoe>{{Cite web|url=https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/educating-girls-will-bring-significant-changes-in-society-rashmi-urdhwardeshe-arai-director/74545153|title=Educating girls will bring significant changes in society: Rashmi Urdhwardeshe, ARAI Director – ET Auto|last=www.ETAuto.com|website=ETAuto.com|language=en|access-date=2020-04-04}}</ref> The award is made to women who have worked exceptionally for [[women's empowerment]]. After the ceremony Urdhwardeshe complimented the Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] for his work in this area noting the largely untapped potential of under educated women in India.<ref name=bwd>{{Cite web|url=http://bweducation.businessworld.in/article/Educating-Girls-Will-Bring-Significant-Changes-In-Society-Rashmi-Urdhwardeshe-/09-03-2020-185801|title=Educating Girls Will Bring Significant Changes In Society: Rashmi Urdhwardeshe|website=BW Education|language=en|access-date=2020-04-04}}</ref>
Rashmi Urdhwareshe is the incoming President of [[SAE International|SAE]] India.

==Private life==
Her husband Hemant Urdhwareshe is also an engineer. He cared for their fourteen-month-old child, Sarang Urdhwareshe, while his wife was in Germany for six months.<ref name=wom/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Nari Shakti Puraskar}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Urdhwardeshe, Rashmi}}
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Nagpur]]
[[Category:Indian mechanical engineers]]
[[Category:Nari Shakti Puraskar winners]]
[[Category:Women automotive engineers]]
[[Category:Automotive engineers]]

ACA–VDCA Cricket Stadium

2026-01-28T17:54:28Z

DinahFlo5043561:

{{short description|Cricket stadium}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox cricket ground
| ground_name = ACA{{ndash}}VDCA Cricket Stadium
| image = Vizag2ndInnings-2016Nov21.jpg
| caption =
| country = India
| location = [[Pothinamallayya Palem]], [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| established = {{Start date and age|2003}}
| seating_capacity = 27,500<ref name="BCCI23cap">{{cite web |title=Cricket Venues and Grounds |url=https://www.bcci.tv/venues |publisher=[[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] |access-date=22 December 2023}}</ref>
| owner = Sports Authority of Andhra Pradesh
| operator = [[Andhra Cricket Association]]
| tenants = [[Indian cricket team]] [[India women's national cricket team]] [[Andhra cricket team]] [[Deccan Chargers]] [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] [[Mumbai Indians]] [[Rising Pune Supergiants]] [[Delhi Capitals]]
| end1 = Vizzy End
| end2 = DV Subba Rao End
| international = true
| firsttestdate = 17–21 November
| firsttestyear = 2016
| firsttesthome = India
| firsttestaway = England
| lasttestdate = 2–5 February
| lasttestyear = 2024
| lasttesthome = India
| lasttestaway = England
| firstodidate = 5 April
| firstodiyear = 2005
| firstodihome = India
| firstodiaway = Pakistan
| lastodidate = 06 December
| lastodiyear = 2025
| lastodihome = India
| lastodiaway = South Africa
| firstt20idate = 14 February
| firstt20iyear = 2016
| firstt20ihome = India
| firstt20iaway = Sri Lanka
| lastt20idate = 28 January
| lastt20iyear = 2026
| lastt20ihome = India
| lastt20iaway = New Zealand
| firstwodidate = 24 February
| firstwodiyear = 2010
| firstwodihome = India
| firstwodiaway = England
| lastwodidate = 26 October
| lastwodiyear = 2025
| lastwodihome = New Zealand
| lastwodiaway = England
| firstwt20idate = 18 March
| firstwt20iyear = 2012
| firstwt20ihome = India
| firstwt20iaway = Australia
| lastwt20idate = 23 December
| lastwt20iyear = 2025
| lastwt20ihome = India
| lastwt20iaway = Sri Lanka
| date = 30 December
| year = 2025
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/ground/58547.html ESPNcricinfo
}}

'''ACA{{ndash}}VDCA Cricket Stadium''' (stands for '''Andhra Cricket Association–Visakhapatnam District Cricket Association Cricket Stadium''') is a multi-purpose stadium in [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACA-VDCA Stadium |url=https://www.bcci.tv/venues/6/aca-vdca-stadium |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=[[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cricket Grounds and Academies - List Of ACA Stadiums |url=https://andhracricket.org/venues.php |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=[[Andhra Cricket Association]] |language=en}}</ref> It is primarily used for international [[cricket]] matches. The stadium has two-tiers and was designed to avoid any restricted views, eliminating pillars or columns which come in the field of view of spectators. The pitch is known to be batter-friendly.

==Ground profile==
The pitch assists spinners and the ball does not bounce much and hence, batting second is not always beneficial, though dew factor sometimes plays a significant role. The highest ODI Score here is 387 by [[India national cricket team|India]] against West Indies, 2019.

==History==
The stadium was established as ACA–VDCA Cricket Stadium in 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy ACA-VDCA Cricket Stadium, VDCA Cricket Stadium, Visakhapatnam, The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/venues/185/Dr.%20Y.S.%20Rajasekhara%20Reddy%20ACA-VDCA%20Cricket%20Stadium,%20Visakhapatnam |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> It hosted the first ODI match against Pakistan, in 2005. In September 2009, the name of the stadium was changed to Dr. Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy ACA–VDCA Cricket Stadium by the executive committee of the [[Andhra Cricket Association]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-09-14 |title=Vizag stadium to be named after YSR |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/Vizag-stadium-to-be-named-after-YSR/article16881345.ece |access-date=2025-03-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=srinivas |date=2025-03-20 |title=Ap: రాష్ట్రంలో సంచలనం పరిణామం.. ముదురుతున్న వివాదం |url=https://www.dishadaily.com/andhrapradesh/removing-ysr-name-of-the-visakhapatnam-international-cricket-stadium-has-led-to-a-political-fight-423252 |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=www.dishadaily.com |language=te}}</ref> After being given Test status in 2015,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-11-10 |title=Vizag cricket stadium gets test match status {{!}} Vizag cricket stadium gets test match status |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151110/sports-cricket/article/vizag-cricket-stadium-gets-test-match-status |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref> it hosted its first test match in November 2016, between India and England.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-11-16 |title=India v England, 2nd Test: Factfile - ACA-VDCA Cricket Stadium, Vizag |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/england-in-india/india-v-england-2nd-test-factfile-aca-vdca-cricket-stadium-vizag/articleshow/55448454.cms |access-date=2025-03-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=archive |first=From our online |date=2016-11-15 |title=Cricket teams arrive for second Test |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/cricket/2016/Nov/15/cricket-teams-arrive-for-second-test-1538745.html |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> India won the match by 246 runs. The stadium hosted its first T20I in February 2016 between India and Sri Lanka.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhattacharjee |first=Sumit |date=2017-08-02 |title=City to host India-Sri Lanka ODI |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/city-to-host-india-sri-lanka-odi/article19410891.ece |access-date=2025-03-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

The stadium also hosted few [[Indian Premier League]] matches and was the home ground of [[Deccan Chargers]] in 2012 and along with [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] in 2015 and also with [[Mumbai Indians]] and [[Rising Pune Supergiants]] together in 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-23 |title=IPL returns to Vizag after five years |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/ipl-returns-to-vizag-after-five-years/articleshow/107928542.cms |access-date=2025-03-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> [[2019 Indian Premier League]], it was selected to host the Eliminator and Qualifier 2 of the tournament.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hyderabad to host IPL final on May 12 |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/107669/ipl-2019-hyderabad-to-host-ipl-final-on-may-12 |access-date=24 April 2019 |work=Cricbuzz}}</ref>

Majority of the [[Andhra Premier League]] matches are held since 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2022-07-07 |title=Andhra Premier League gets underway at Visakhapatnam's ACA-VDCA Stadium |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/cricket/2022/Jul/07/andhra-premier-league-gets-underway-at-visakhapatnams-aca-vdca-stadium-2473822.html |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-30 |title=APL season three begins on a grand note at ACA-VDCA Stadium in Visakhapatnam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/apl-begins-on-a-grand-note-at-aca-vdca-stadium-in-visakhapatnam/article68352694.ece |access-date=2025-03-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> It is the home ground for the IPL team [[Delhi Capitals]] in 2024 and 2025 seasons.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rao |first=G. Janardhana |date=2024-03-29 |title=IPL makes a comeback in Vizag after 4 years |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2024/Mar/29/ipl-makes-a-comeback-in-vizag-after-4-years |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gilai |first=Harish |date=2025-02-14 |title=ACA-VDCA Stadium to host two IPL matches this season |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/aca-vdca-stadium-to-host-two-ipl-matches-this-season/article69219157.ece |access-date=2025-03-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> During the 2025 season, in March 2025, the name of the stadium is reverted back to its initial name ACA–VDCA Cricket Stadium.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-03-20 |title=No YSR name on renovated cricket stadium sparks controversy |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/no-ysr-name-on-renovated-cricket-stadium-sparks-controversy/article69349791.ece |access-date=2025-03-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Potnuru |first=Vasu |date=2025-03-20 |title=Cricket stadium renamed ahead of IPL matches |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/cricket-stadium-renamed-ahead-of-ipl-matches-955396 |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Stats & records==
;Matches hosted
*[[Test cricket|Test]] — 3<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/results_summary.html?class=1;id=1896;type=ground|title=Records in IND: Dr. Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy ACA-VDCA Cricket Stadium, Visakhapatnam in Test matches|work=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN|access-date=18 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[One Day International|ODI]] — 11<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=2;id=1896;type=ground|title= Dr. Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy ACA-VDCA Cricket Stadium, Visakhapatnam / Records / One-Day Internationals / Match results|work=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN|access-date=18 December 2019}}</ref>
* [[Twenty20 International|T20I]] — 5<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=3;id=1896;type=ground|title= Dr. Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy ACA-VDCA Cricket Stadium, Visakhapatnam / Records / Twenty20 Internationals / Match results|work=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN|access-date=25 February 2019}}</ref>
* [[Women's One Day International|WODI]] — 10<ref>{{Cite web |title=IND: Dr. Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy ACA-VDCA Cricket Stadium, Visakhapatnam Cricket Ground Women ODI match team match results {{!}} ESPNcricinfo |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/ground/team-match-results/ind-dr-y-s-rajasekhara-reddy-aca-vdca-cricket-stadium-visakhapatnam-1896/women-s-one-day-internationals-9 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20231001172951/https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/ground/team-match-results/ind-dr-y-s-rajasekhara-reddy-aca-vdca-cricket-stadium-visakhapatnam-1896/women-s-one-day-internationals-9 |archive-date=2023-10-01 |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Women's Twenty20 International|WT20I]] — 8<ref>{{Cite web |title=IND: Dr. Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy ACA-VDCA Cricket Stadium, Visakhapatnam Cricket Ground Women T20I match team match results {{!}} ESPNcricinfo |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/ground/team-match-results/ind-dr-y-s-rajasekhara-reddy-aca-vdca-cricket-stadium-visakhapatnam-1896/women-s-twenty20-internationals-10 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241130194205/https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/ground/team-match-results/ind-dr-y-s-rajasekhara-reddy-aca-vdca-cricket-stadium-visakhapatnam-1896/women-s-twenty20-internationals-10 |archive-date=2024-11-30 |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>
* (''as on 28 January 2026'')

;Facts
* [[MS Dhoni]] scored his maiden ODI hundred (148) at this ground when [[Pakistani cricket team in India in 2004–05|Pakistan toured India in 2005]].
* [[Rohit Sharma]] scored 159 off 138((17*4,5*6)) balls against [[West Indies]] on 18 December 2019, which is the highest individual ODI score for any batsmen on this ground.
* [[Rohit Sharma]] scored his first Test Hundred in his first innings as Test Opener on 3 October 2019, later in the same Test match, Rohit scored another 100 in the second innings. In the same test he smashed 13 sixes, that is the highest total for an individual in a test.
* [[Mayank Agarwal]] recorded his maiden Test Hundred and converted it into a double hundred (215) at this ground, which is the highest individual Test score for any batsmen on this ground.
* [[Adam Zampa]] recorded figures of 6 for 19 for [[Rising Pune Supergiant|Rising Pune SuperGiant]] in 2019, the best figures for a spinner in [[Indian Premier League|IPL]] history
* Highest [[One Day International|ODI]] score posted by a team was 387/5 by India, vs West Indies, 2019.
* [[Rohit Sharma]] and [[K. L. Rahul]] scored 100's each and recorded 227 runs for the first wicket for India, vs West Indies, 2019.
* First time in an ODI that both captains [[Virat Kohli]] and [[Kieron Pollard]] have been dismissed for a first ball duck, on 18 December 2019.
* [[Kuldeep Yadav]] picked up his second ODI hat trick at this ground, vs West Indies, 2019.
* [[Josh Inglis]] scored his maiden T20I century at this ground. He scored 110 off 50 balls and this is the highest individual T20I score for any batsmen on this ground when [[Australian cricket team in India in 2023-24|Australia toured India in 2023]]
* [[Yashasvi Jaiswal]] scored his maiden double century in Tests at this ground. He scored 209 off 290 balls when [[English cricket team in India in 2023–24|England toured India in 2024]].

==List of centuries==

===Key===
* '''*''' denotes that the batsman was [[not out]].
* '''Inns.''' denotes the number of the innings in the match.
* '''Balls''' denotes the number of [[Delivery (cricket)|balls]] faced in an innings.
* '''NR''' denotes that the number of balls was not recorded.
* Parentheses next to the player's score denotes his century number at Edgbaston.
* The column title '''Date''' refers to the date the match started.
* The column title '''Result''' refers to the player's team result

=== Tests ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
! No. !! Score !! Player !! Team !! Balls !! Inns. !! Opposing team !! Date !! Result
|-
| 1 || 119 || [[Cheteshwar Pujara]] || {{cr|IND}} || 204 || 1 || {{cr|ENG}} || 17 November 2016 || Won<ref name=test2235>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10732/scorecard/1034811/india-vs-england-2nd-test-england-tour-of-india-2016-17 |title=2nd Test, England tour of India at Visakhapatnam, Nov 17-21 2016|work=ESPNcricinfo| access-date=24 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2 || 167 || [[Virat Kohli]] || {{cr|IND}} || 267 || 1 || {{cr|ENG}} || 17 November 2016 || Won<ref name=test2235/>
|-
| 3 || 176 || [[Rohit Sharma]] || {{cr|IND}} || 244 || 1 || {{cr|RSA}} || 2 October 2019 || Won<ref name=test2363>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19430/game/1187007/india-vs-south-africa-1st-test-icc-world-test-championship-2019-2021 |title=1st Test, ICC World Test Championship at Visakhapatnam, Oct 2-6 2019|work=ESPNcricinfo| access-date=6 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 4 || 215 || [[Mayank Agarwal]] || {{cr|IND}} || 371 || 1 || {{cr|RSA}} || 2 October 2019 || Won<ref name=test2363/>
|-
| 5 || 160 || [[Dean Elgar]] || {{cr|RSA}} || 287 || 1 || {{cr|IND}} || 2 October 2019 || Lost<ref name=test2363/>
|-
| 6 || 111 || [[Quinton de Kock]] || {{cr|RSA}} || 111 || 1 || {{cr|IND}} || 2 October 2019 || Lost<ref name=test2363/>
|-
| 7 || 127 || [[Rohit Sharma]] || {{cr|IND}} || 149 || 2 || {{cr|RSA}} || 2 October 2019 || Won<ref name=test2363/>
|-
| 8 || 209 || [[Yashasvi Jaiswal]] || {{cr|IND}} || 290 || 1 || {{cr|ENG}} || 2 February 2024 || Won<ref name=test2526>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-in-india-2023-24-1389386/india-vs-england-2nd-test-1389400/full-scorecard |title=2nd Test, Visakhapatnam, February 02 - 05, 2024, England tour of India|work=ESPNcricinfo| access-date=5 February 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 9 || 104 || [[Shubman Gill]] || {{cr|IND}} || 147 || 2 || {{cr|ENG}} || 2 February 2024 || Won<ref name=test2526/>
|}

=== ODIs ===
{| style="font-size:95%" class="wikitable sortable"
!No. !!Score !!Player !!Team !!Balls !!Inns. !!Opposing team !!Date !!Result
|-
| 1 || 148 || [[MS Dhoni]] || {{cr|IND}} || 123 || 1 || {{cr|PAK}} || 5 April 2005 || Won<ref name=odi2236>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/14934/scorecard/64939/india-vs-pakistan-2nd-odi-pakistan-tour-of-india-2004-05 |title=2nd ODI, Pakistan tour of India at Visakhapatnam, Apr 5 2005|work=ESPNcricinfo| access-date=24 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2 || 107* || [[Chamara Silva]] || {{cr|SRI}} || 107 || 1 || {{cr|IND}} || 17 February 2007 || Lost<ref name=odi2525>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/14529/scorecard/267713/india-vs-sri-lanka-4th-odi-sri-lanka-tour-of-india-2006-07 |title=4th ODI, Sri Lanka tour of India at Visakhapatnam, Feb 17 2007|work=ESPNcricinfo| access-date=24 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 3 || 111* || [[Michael Clarke (cricketer)|Michael Clarke]] || {{cr|AUS}} || 139 || 1 || {{cr|IND}} || 10 October 2010 || Lost<ref name=odi3060>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/13112/scorecard/464529/india-vs-australia-2nd-odi-australia-tour-of-india-sep-oct-2010-2010-11 |title=2nd ODI (D/N), Australia tour of India [Sep-Oct 2010] at Visakhapatnam, Oct 20 2010|work=ESPNcricinfo| access-date=24 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 4 || 118 || [[Virat Kohli]] || {{cr|IND}} || 121 || 2 || {{cr|AUS}} || 10 October 2010 || Won<ref name=odi3060 />
|-
| 5 || 117 || [[Virat Kohli]] || {{cr|IND}} || 123 || 2 || {{cr|WIN}} || 2 December 2011 || Won<ref name=odi3219>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/12675/scorecard/536930/india-vs-west-indies-2nd-odi-west-indies-tour-of-india-2011-12 |title=2nd ODI (D/N), West Indies tour of India at Visakhapatnam, Dec 2 2011|work=ESPNcricinfo| access-date=24 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 6 || 100* || [[Shikhar Dhawan]] || {{cr|IND}} || 85 || 2 || {{cr|SRI}} || 17 December 2017 || Won<ref name=odi3942>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18074/scorecard/1122728/india-vs-sri-lanka-3rd-odi-sl-in-india-2017-18 |title=3rd ODI (D/N), Sri Lanka tour of India at Visakhapatnam, Dec 17 2017|work=ESPNcricinfo| access-date=24 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 7 || 157* || [[Virat Kohli]] || {{cr|IND}} || 129 || 1 || {{cr|WIN}} || 24 October 2018 || Tied<ref name=odi4059>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18902/scorecard/1157755/india-vs-west-indies-2nd-odi-west-indies-in-india-2018-19 |title=2nd ODI (D/N), West Indies tour of India at Visakhapatnam, Oct 24 2018|work=ESPNcricinfo| access-date=24 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 8 || 123* || [[Shai Hope]] || {{cr|WIN}} || 134 || 2 || {{cr|IND}} || 24 October 2018 || Tied<ref name=odi4059 />
|-
| 9 || 159 || [[Rohit Sharma]] || {{cr|IND}} ||138 || 1 || {{cr|WIN}} || 18 December 2019 || Won<ref name=odi4222>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19309/game/1187022/india-vs-west-indies-2nd-odi-west-indies-in-india-2019-20 |title=2nd ODI (D/N), West Indies tour of India at Visakhapatnam, Dec 18 2019| work=ESPNcricinfo| access-date=18 December 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 10 || 102 || [[K. L. Rahul]] || {{cr|IND}} || 104 || 1 || {{cr|WIN}} || 18 December 2019 || Won<ref name=odi4222 />
|-
|11
|106
|[[Quinton de Kock]]
|{{cr|RSA}}
|89
|1
|{{cr|IND}}
|25 December 2025
|Lost
|-
|12
|116*
|[[Yashasvi Jaiswal]]
|{{cr|IND}}
|121
|2
|{{cr|RSA}}
|25 December 2025
|Won
|}
===T20 Internationals===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! No. !! Score !! Player !! Team !! Balls !! Inns. !! Opposing Team !! Date !! Result
|-
| 1 || 110 || [[Josh Inglis]] || {{cr|AUS}} || 50 || 1 || {{cr|IND}} || 23 November 2023 || Lost<ref name=T20I2360/>
|}
===Women's One Day Internationals===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! No. !! Score !! Player !! Team !! Balls !! Inns. !! Opposing Team !! Date !! Result
|-
| 1 || 104* || [[Mithali Raj]] || {{cr|IND}} || 109 || 1 || {{cr|SL}} || 23 January 2014 || Won
|-
| 2 || 142 || [[Alyssa Healy]] || {{cr|AUS}} || 107 || 2 || {{cr|IND}} || 12 October 2025 || Won
|-
| 3 || 113* || [[Alyssa Healy]] || {{cr|AUS}} || 77 || 2 || {{cr|BAN}} || 16 October 2025 || Won
|}

==List of five wicket hauls==

===Key===
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
! Symbol
! Meaning
|-
|{{dagger}}
|The bowler was [[Man of the match#Cricket|man of the match]]
|-
|{{double-dagger}}
|10 or more wickets taken in the match
|-
|§
|One of two five-wicket hauls by the bowler in the match
|-
|'''Date'''
|Day the [[Test cricket|Test]] started or [[One Day International|ODI]] was held
|-
|'''Inn'''
|[[Innings#Cricket|Innings]] in which five-wicket haul was taken
|-
|'''Overs'''
|Number of [[Over (cricket)|overs]] bowled.
|-
|'''Runs'''
|Number of [[Run (cricket)|runs]] conceded
|-
|'''Wkts'''
|Number of [[Wicket#Dismissing a batsman|wickets]] taken
|-
|'''Econ'''
|[[Cricket statistics#Bowling statistics|Runs conceded per over]]
|-
|'''Batsmen'''
|[[Batting (cricket)|Batsmen]] whose wickets were taken
|-
|'''Drawn'''
|The match was [[Draw (cricket)|drawn]].
|}

===Tests===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 100%"
|- align=center
! scope="col" width="38"|No.
! scope="col" width="245"|Bowler
! scope="col" width="120"|Date
! scope="col" width="120"|Team
! scope="col" width="120"|Opposing team
! scope="col" width="60"|Inn
! scope="col" width="82"|Overs
! scope="col" width="70"|Runs
! scope="col" width="60"|Wkts
! scope="col" width="70"|Econ
! scope="col" width="200" class="unsortable" |Batsmen
! scope="col" width="70"|Result
|-
|scope="row"| 1 || [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] || {{dts|format=dmy|2016|11|17}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{cr|ENG}} || {{nts|2}} || {{nts|29.5}} || {{nts|67}} || {{nts|5}} || {{nts|2.24}} || align=left |
*[[Ben Duckett]]
*[[Joe Root]]
*[[Ben Stokes]]
*[[Stuart Broad]]
*[[James Anderson (cricketer)|James Anderson]]
|| Won <ref name=test2235/>
|-
|scope="row"| 2 || [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] || {{dts|format=dmy|2019|10|2}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{cr|RSA}} || {{nts|2}} || {{nts|46.2}} || {{nts|145}} || {{nts|7}} || {{nts|3.12}} || align=left |
*[[Aiden Markram]]
*[[Theunis de Bruyn]]
*[[Faf du Plessis]]
*[[Quinton de Kock]]
*[[Vernon Philander]]
*[[Keshav Maharaj]]
*[[Kagiso Rabada]]
|| Won<ref name=test2363/>
|-
|scope="row"| 3 || [[Mohammed Shami]] || {{dts|format=dmy|2019|10|2}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{cr|RSA}} || {{nts|4}} || {{nts|10.5}} || {{nts|35}} || {{nts|5}} || {{nts|3.23}} || align=left |
*[[Temba Bavuma]]
*[[Faf du Plessis]]
*[[Quinton de Kock]]
*[[Dane Piedt]]
*[[Kagiso Rabada]]
|| Won<ref name=test2363/>
|-
|scope="row"| 4 || [[Jasprit Bumrah]] || {{dts|format=dmy|2024|2|3}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{cr|ENG}} || {{nts|2}} || {{nts|15.5}} || {{nts|45}} || {{nts|6}} || {{nts|3.23}} || align=left |
*[[Ollie Pope]]
*[[Joe Root]]
*[[Jonny Bairstow]]
*[[Ben Stokes]]
*[[Tom Hartley (cricketer)|Tom Hartley]]
*[[James Anderson (cricketer)|James Anderson]]
|| Won
|}

===One Day Internationals===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 100%"
|- align=center
! scope="col" width="38"|No.
! scope="col" width="145"|Bowler
! scope="col" width="220"|Date
! scope="col" width="120"|Team
! scope="col" width="120"|Opposing team
! scope="col" width="60"|Inn
! scope="col" width="82"|Overs
! scope="col" width="70"|Runs
! scope="col" width="60"|Wkts
! scope="col" width="70"|Econ
! scope="col" width="160" class="unsortable" |Batsmen
! scope="col" width="70"|Result
|- align=center
|scope="row"| 1 || [[Amit Mishra]] || {{dts|format=dmy|2016|10|29}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{cr|NZL}} || {{nts|2}} || {{nts|6}} || {{nts|18}} || {{sort|5}} || {{nts|3.00}} || align=left |
*[[Ross Taylor]]
*[[BJ Watling]]
*[[James Neesham]]
*[[Tim Southee]]
*[[Ish Sodhi]]
|| Won<ref name=odi3800>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10716/scorecard/1030227/india-vs-new-zealand-5th-odi-nz-tour-of-india-2016-17 |title= 5th ODI, New Zealand tour of India at Vishakhapatnam, Oct 29 2016| work=ESPNcricinfo| access-date=24 August 2019}}</ref>
|}

==Notable events==
* Due to [[water scarcity]] in Maharashtra during the IPL 2016 season, [[Mumbai Indians]] and [[Rising Pune Supergiants]] played 3 games each at this stadium. Visakhapatnam served as a home venue for both the teams.
* [[Rising Pune Supergiants]] skipper [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]] [when CSK was facing eviction in 2016 & 2017] scored 22 runs off final over against [[Axar Patel]] of [[Kings XI Punjab]] on 21 May 2016 to secure one of the highest chases in T20s at this stadium.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/commentary/981005/rising-pune-supergiants-vs-kings-xi-punjab-53rd-match-indian-premier-league-2016|title=rising-pune-supergiants-vs-kings-xi-punjab-53rd-match-indian-premier-league-2016}}</ref>
* In 2016, Visakhapatnam hosted all 3 international formats in the same year in which India won the T20I, ODI and Test against Sri Lanka, New Zealand and England respectively.
* On 24 October 2018, [[Virat Kohli]] became the fastest player to score 10,000 ODI runs with 205 innings surpassing [[Sachin Tendulkar]]. He achieved this feat during the second ODI against [[West Indies]].
* In 2019, due to the General Elections in India, Visakhapatnam was named as Standby venue for [[2019 Indian Premier League|IPL 2019]]. Even though this stadium has not hosted any group stage matches, it was selected to host the playoffs stage of [[2019 Indian Premier League]] for the first time.
* In 2024, due to the [[Delhi District Cricket Association|DDCA]] expressing inability to host [[Delhi Capitals]] home matches at the [[Arun Jaitley Stadium]] during the initial stage of [[2024 Indian Premier League|IPL 2024]] season, Visakhapatnam was chosen to host DC's first 2 home matches.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Vizagacavdca.jpg|ACA{{Ndash}}VDCA Cricket Stadium
File:ACA-VDCA stadium at Madhurawada 01.jpg|ACA{{Ndash}}VDCA Cricket Stadium
File:ACA-VDCA stadium at Madhurawada 02.jpg|ACA{{Ndash}}VDCA Cricket Stadium
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58547.html ACA–VDCA Cricket Stadium] at [[ESPNcricinfo]]
* [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Grounds/14/1955.html ACA–VDCA Cricket Stadium] at CricketArchive

{{coord|17.797|N|83.352|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{Visakhapatnam}}
{{List of cricket grounds in India}}
{{Test cricket grounds in India}}{{Indian Premier League}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:ACA-VDCA Cricket Stadium}}
[[Category:Cricket grounds in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Multi-purpose stadiums in India]]
[[Category:Sports venues in Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Sports venues completed in 2003]]
[[Category:2003 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Test cricket grounds in India]]

Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangaluru

2026-01-27T14:53:47Z

DinahFlo5043561: Added Initial Post Initial Version

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}{{short description|Dental Science college in Karnataka, India}}
{{Primary sources|date=April 2011}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Manipal College of Dental Sciences
| image = Manipal College of Dental Sciences (MCODS) at Hampankatta in Mangalore.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| established = {{start date and age|1987}}
| type = [[Private school|Private]]
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| city = [[Mangaluru]]
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| country = [[India]]
| campus = [[urban area|Urban]]
| free_label = Dean
| free = Dr. Ashita Uppoor
| website = https://manipal.edu/mcods-mangalore.html Manipal College of Dental Sciences|
}}

'''Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangaluru'''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/mcods-mangaluru-gets-high-end-dental-surgical-microscope/articleshow/67654674.cms|title=MCODS, Mangaluru gets high-end dental surgical microscope|date=23 January 2019|accessdate=25 January 2020|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> was founded in 1987 and recognised by the [[Dental Council of India|Dental Council]] of [[India]] in 1992 and by the Malaysian Dental Council in 2003. It was certified for ISO9001:2000 in 2006 and was re-certified for ISO9001:2008 in 2009. The college is a part of [[Manipal Academy of Higher Education|Manipal University]]. The college offers undergraduate (BDS) and postgraduate (MDS) programme.

The [[National Institutional Ranking Framework]] (NIRF) ranked the institute 11th in its dental institutes ranking 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIRF Ranking 2024 |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/nirfpdfcdn/2024/pdf/Report/IR2024_Report.pdf}}</ref>

== Courses ==
Manipal College of Dental Sciences runs an undergraduate programme of four years followed by one year of internship which leads to a Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) degree and the postgraduate programme of three years leads to a Master of Dental Surgery (MDS) degree. MDS is offered in following specialties:
* Oral Medicine and Radiology
* Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics
* Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
* Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry
* Periodontics
* Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics
* Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology
* Public Health Dentistry
* Prosthodontics and Maxillofacial Prosthesis

Apart from these, the institute offers an M.Sc. (Master of Science) degree in Dental Materials.

== Infrastructure ==
The institution has 260 dental chairs. Facilities include a library, lecture halls with audio-visual aids, phantom head labs for pre-clinical training and seminar/CDE rooms. Hostel facilities are available for boys and girls. Transport is provided from the hostels to the institution.

The institute is divided into Light House Hill Road Campus and Attavar Campus.

The first-year BDS students undergo training at the Centre for Basic Sciences, Bejai with separate hostel facilities provided at the same campus. The undergraduate and postgraduate training for both pre-clinical and clinical aspects are imparted at the Light House Hill and Attavar campuses. Clinical facilities for training in medical subjects are available at the [[Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Attavar]] which is a 651-bed hospital.

== Teaching staff ==
The college undertakes dental camps in rural areas as a part of the training. Student evaluation of staff performance is also carried out regularly.

* Dean: Dr. Dilip G Nayak, MDS (Perio)<ref name="dean">{{cite news|title=Dr Dilip G Naik appointed dean of Manipal College of Dental Sciences|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-03/mangalore/32522692_1_manipal-college-mangalore-campus-dean|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131001031950/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-03/mangalore/32522692_1_manipal-college-mangalore-campus-dean|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 October 2013|accessdate=3 July 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|author=Jaideep Shenoy, TNN}}</ref>
* Associate dean: Dr. Junaid Ahmed, MDS (Oral Medicine and Radiology)
* Associate dean: ,Dr Premalatha K., MDS (Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)

Heads of departments are:
* Oral Medicine and Radiology: Dr. Ravi Kiran Ongole, MDS
* Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics: Dr Karthik shetty, MDS
* Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Dr Premalatha K., MDS
* Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry: Dr. Arathi Rao, MDS
* Periodontics: Dr Neetha J Shetty, MDS
* Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopaedics: Dr. Siddarth Shetty, MDS
* Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology: Dr. Srikant N, MDS
* Public Health Dentistry: Dr. Ashwini Rao, MDS
* Prosthodontics and Maxillofacial Prosthesis: Dr Shobha J. Rodrigues, MDS
* Dental Materials: Dr.Ravindra Kotian, M.Tech.

Former Dean, Dr. V. Surendra Shetty took over the charge of Pro Vice Chancellor Manipal University (Mangalore Campus) from July 2012.

== Admission ==
The institution enrols undergraduates and postgraduate students through an online entrance test, conducted in April–May. The test consists of multiple choice questions from Physics, Chemistry, Biology and English.

== See also ==
* [[Mangalore]]
* [[KMC Hospital, Mangalore]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{coord missing|Karnataka}}

[[Category:Universities and colleges in Mangalore]]
[[Category:Dental colleges in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Manipal Academy of Higher Education schools]]
[[Category:1987 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1987]]

Haridwar Lok Sabha constituency

2026-01-27T06:22:52Z

DinahFlo5043561: Put Up New Info

{{short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Uttarakhand}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Haridwar {{Small|UK-5}}
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Uttarakhand/Haridwar.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Haridwar Lok Sabha constituency
| established = 1977
| electors = 20,35,726<ref>{{Cite web| title=EC releases absolute number of voters for all completed phases | url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525141320/https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf | archive-date=2024-05-25}}</ref>
| mp = [[Trivendra Singh Rawat]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| state = [[Uttarakhand]]
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = The Chief Minister of Uttarakhand, Shri Trivendra Singh Rawat.jpg
| assembly_cons = 14: [[Dharampur (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Dharampur]], [[Doiwala (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Doiwala]], [[Rishikesh (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Rishikesh]], [[Haridwar (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Haridwar]], [[BHEL Ranipur (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|BHEL Ranipur]], [[Jwalapur (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Jwalapur]], [[Bhagwanpur (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Bhagwanpur]], [[Jhabrera (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Jhabrera]], [[Piran Kaliyar (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Piran Kaliyar]], [[Roorkee (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Roorkee]], [[Khanpur (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Khanpur]], [[Manglaur (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Manglaur]], [[Laksar (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Laksar]] and [[Haridwar Rural (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Haridwar Rural]]
}}

'''Haridwar Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the five [[Lok Sabha]] ([[Parliament of India|parliamentary]]) constituencies in [[Uttarakhand]]. It comprises two districts namely [[Dehradun district|Dehradun]] (part) and [[Haridwar district|Haridwar]]. This constituency came into existence in 1977, following the [[Delimitation Commission of India|delimitation]] of Lok Sabha constituencies. Between the period of 1977 and 2009, this constituency was reserved for the [[Scheduled Caste]] candidates.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121104072400/http://www.hindu.com/2009/03/25/stories/2009032554830500.htm With the addition of three Assembly segments–..] [[The Hindu]], 25 March 2009.</ref>

==Assembly segments==

'''After the [[Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000|formation of Uttarakhand]]'''

At present, Haridwar Lok Sabha constituency comprises the following fourteen [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] ([[State Legislative Assembly (India)|legislative assembly]]) segments:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! #
! Name
!District
! Member
! colspan="2" | Party
! colspan="2" | Leading
{{small|(in 2024)}}
|-
| align="center" | 18
| [[Dharampur, Uttarakhand Assembly constituency|Dharampur]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Dehradun district|Dehradun]]
| [[Vinod Chamoli]]
| {{full party name with color|BJP|rowspan=5}}
| {{full party name with color|BJP|rowspan=5}}
|-
| align="center" | 23
| [[Doiwala Assembly constituency|Doiwala]]
| [[Brij Bhushan Gairola]]
|-
| align="center" | 24
| [[Rishikesh Assembly constituency|Rishikesh]]
| [[Premchand Aggarwal]]
|-
| align="center" | 25
| [[Haridwar Assembly constituency|Haridwar]]
| rowspan="11" |[[Haridwar district|Haridwar]]
| [[Madan Kaushik]]
|-
| align="center" | 26
| [[BHEL Ranipur Assembly constituency|BHEL Ranipur]]
| [[Adesh Chauhan]]
|-
| align="center" | 27
| [[Jwalapur Assembly constituency|Jwalapur]] (SC)
| [[Ravi Bahadur]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
| align="center" | 28
| [[Bhagwanpur Assembly constituency|Bhagwanpur]] (SC)
| [[Mamta Rakesh]]
|-
| align="center" | 29
| [[Jhabrera Assembly constituency|Jhabrera]] (SC)
| [[Virendra Kumar (Uttarakhand politician)|Virendra Kumar]]
|-
| align="center" | 30
| [[Piran Kaliyar Assembly constituency|Piran Kaliyar]]
| [[Furqan Ahmad]]
|-
| align="center" | 31
| [[Roorkee (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Roorkee]]
| [[Pradip Batra]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| {{full party name with color|BJP|rowspan=2}}
|-
| align="center" | 32
| [[Khanpur, Uttarakhand Assembly constituency|Khanpur]]
| [[Umesh Kumar]]
|{{party name with color|Independent politician|shortname=IND}}
|-
| align="center" | 33
| [[Manglaur Assembly constituency|Manglaur]]
| [[Qazi Muhammad Nizamuddin]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| align="center" | 34
| [[Laksar Assembly constituency|Laksar]]
| [[Muhammad Shahzad (politician)|Muhammad Shahzad]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}"|
| [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]
|-
| align="center" | 35
| [[Haridwar Rural Assembly constituency|Haridwar Rural]]
| [[Anupama Rawat]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| {{party name with color|BJP}}
|}

'''Before the formation of Uttarakhand'''

Haridwar Lok Sabha constituency comprised the following five [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] ([[State Legislative Assembly (India)|legislative assembly]]) constituency segments of [[Uttar Pradesh]]:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="2" | [[List of districts of Uttarakhand|District]]
! colspan="3" | [[List of constituencies of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly|Assembly constituency segments]]
|-
! Name
! SC/ST
|-
| [[Dehradun district|Dehradun]]
| [[Dehradun (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Dehradun]]
| rowspan="5"|
|-
| rowspan="4"| [[Haridwar district|Haridwar]]
|-
| [[Haridwar Assembly constituency|Haridwar]]
|-
| [[Laksar Assembly constituency|Laksar]]
|-
| [[Roorkee Assembly constituency|Roorkee]]
|-
| [[Muzaffarnagar district|Muzaffarnagar]]
| [[Purqazi (Assembly constituency)|Purqazi]]
| align="center" | [[Scheduled Castes|SC]]
|}

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year!!Member!!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
| Bhagwan Das Rathod
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
| Jag Pal Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party (Secular)|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
| [[Sunder Lal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1984 Indian general election|1987]]^
| Ram Singh Mandebas
|-
| [[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
| Jag Pal Singh
|-
| [[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
| Ram Singh Mandebas
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|rowspan=3| [[Harpal Singh Sathi]]
|-
| [[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|-
| [[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
| [[Rajendra Kumar Badi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| [[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
| [[Harish Rawat]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|rowspan=2| [[Ramesh Pokhriyal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|-
| [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| [[Trivendra Singh Rawat]]
|}

==Election results==
===2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general elections]]: [[Haridwar]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Trivendra Singh Rawat]]
|votes = 6,53,808
|percentage = 50.19
|change = {{decrease}}2.18
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Virendra Rawat
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 4,89,752
|percentage = 37.60
|change = {{increase}}5.58
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = [[Umesh Kumar|Umesh Kumar Patrakar]]
|votes = 91,188
|percentage = 7.00
|change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Jamil Ahmad
|votes = 42,323
|percentage = 3.25
|change = {{decrease}}10.4
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Uttarakhand Kranti Dal
|candidate = Mohan Singh Aswal
|votes = 2,858
|percentage = 0.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 6,826
|percentage = 0.52
|change = {{increase}}0.03
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 1,66,056
|percentage = 12.59
|change ={{decrease}}7.76
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 13,04,517
|percentage = 63.90
|change = {{decrease}}5.35
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bhartiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Notelist}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Haridwar]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Ramesh Pokhriyal]]
|votes = 665,674
|percentage = 52.37
|change = {{increase}}1.99
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Ambrish Kumar]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 406,945
|percentage = 32.02
|change = {{decrease}}3.23
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Antriksh Saini
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 173,528
|percentage = 13.65
|change = {{increase}}3.98
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 6,281
|percentage = 0.49
|change = {{increase}}0.23
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 2,58,729
|percentage = 20.35
|change = {{increase}}5.22
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 12,71,030
|percentage = 69.25
|change = {{decrease}}2.31
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Haridwar|Hardwar]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Ramesh Pokhriyal]]
|votes = 5,92,320
|percentage = 50.38
|change = {{increase}}24.39
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Renuka Rawat
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 4,14,498
|percentage = 35.25
|change = {{decrease}}6.91
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Mohammad Islam
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 1,13,663
|percentage = 9.67
|change = {{decrease}}13.34
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Kanchan Chaudhary Bhattacharya]]
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|votes = 18,170
|percentage = 1.55
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Anita Saini
|votes = 5,765
|percentage = 0.49
|change = {{decrease}}4.18
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 3,049
|percentage = 0.26
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 1,77,822
|percentage = 15.13
|change = {{decrease}}1.04
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 11,75,692
|percentage = 71.56
|change = {{increase}}10.68
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing = {{increase}}8.22
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Haridwar|Hardwar]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Harish Rawat]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 3,32,235
|percentage = 42.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate =Yatindranand Giri
|votes =2,04,823
|percentage = 25.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate =Shahzad
|votes =1,81,296
|percentage = 23.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 1,27,412
|percentage = 16.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 7,88,121
|percentage = 60.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Samajwadi Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]
* [[List of parliamentary constituencies in Uttarakhand]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070403082846/http://www.eci.gov.in/election_maps/AC/S28/S28_AC.jpg Map of Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand] at ''[[Election Commission of India]]''
* [http://www.ceo.uk.gov.in/pages/display/136-2012-general-assembly-election CEO of Uttrakhand - Govt. Official website]
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/uttarakhand/hardwar/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_dates.html Hardwar lok sabha constituency election 2019 date and schedule]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Uttarakhand}}
{{coord|29.9|78.1|display=title}}

[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Uttarakhand]]

2022 Indian Super League final

2026-01-01T09:14:13Z

DinahFlo5043561: started new entry

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox football match
| image = Fatorda Stadium, Goa.jpg
| image_size = 260px
| caption = [[Fatorda Stadium]] in [[Margao, Goa]] hosted the match.
| event = [[2021–22 Indian Super League]]
| team1 = [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
| team1score = 1
| team2 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| team2score = 1
| details = Hyderabad won 3–1 on [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|penalties]]
| date = 20 March 2022
| stadium = [[Fatorda Stadium]]
| city = [[Margao, Goa]]
| man_of_the_match1a = [[Laxmikant Kattimani]]
| man_of_the_match1aname = [[2021–22 Indian Super League#Hero of the Match|Hero of the Match]]
| referee = Crystal John
| attendance = 11,500
| weather =
| previous = [[2021 ISL Cup final|2021]]
| next = [[2023 ISL Cup final|2023]]
}}

The '''2022 Indian Super League Cup final''' was the eighth [[List of Indian Super League seasons#ISL Finals|Indian Super League final]] match, played to determine the champions of the [[2021–22 Indian Super League]] season. It was played on 20 March 2022 between [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]] and [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]] at the [[Fatorda Stadium]] in [[Margao, Goa]]. The match had spectators attending for the first time after two years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/2021-2022/isl-set-to-allow-crowds-first-time-in-two-years/article38437376.ece|title=ISL set to allow crowds for the first time in two years|work=[[Sportstar]]|date=24 February 2022 |access-date=16 March 2022}}</ref>

The match ended 1–1 after extra time, with Hyderabad winning 3–1 on penalties to secure their first Indian Super League title.<ref>{{cite web |title=Laxmikanth Kattimani the hero as Hyderabad FC beat Kerala Blasters FC on penalties to win first Hero ISL title |date=20 March 2022 |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/laxmikanth-kattimani-the-hero-as-hyderabad-fc-beat-kerala-blasters-fc-on-penalties-to-win-first-hero-isl-title |publisher=Indian Super League |access-date=22 March 2022 |archive-date=22 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322104911/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/laxmikanth-kattimani-the-hero-as-hyderabad-fc-beat-kerala-blasters-fc-on-penalties-to-win-first-hero-isl-title |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Background ==
[[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]] finished second in the [[2021–22 Indian Super League#Regular season|regular season]] table and won 3–2 aggregate against [[ATK Mohun Bagan FC|ATK Mohun Bagan]] in the [[2022 Indian Super League playoffs#Semi-finals|playoff semi-final]] to qualify for the final for the first time in club history.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/atk-mohun-bagan-1-0-hyderabad-fc-agg-2-3-roy-krishnas-strike-in-vain-as-manuel-marquezs-side-reach-final|title=ATK Mohun Bagan 1-0 Hyderabad FC (agg: 2-3): Roy Krishna's strike in vain as Manuel Marquez's side reach final|date=16 March 2022 |access-date=20 March 2022|publisher=[[Indian Super League]]}}</ref>

[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]] finished fourth in the regular season table and won 2–1 aggregate against league premiers [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]] in the playoff semi-final to qualify for their third appearance in the final.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/kerala-blasters-fc-1-1-jamshedpur-fc-agg-2-1-ivan-vukomanovics-men-reach-final-after-hard-fought-draw|title=Kerala Blasters FC 1-1 Jamshedpur FC (agg: 2-1): Ivan Vukomanovic's men reach final after hard-fought draw|date=15 March 2022 |access-date=15 March 2022|publisher=[[Indian Super League]]}}</ref>

== Match ==
<onlyinclude>{{football box
| date = 20 March 2022
| time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
| score = 1–1
| penaltyscore = 3–1
| aet = yes
| report = https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/44486-hyderabad-fc-vs-kerala-blasters-fc
| team2 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| goals1 = [[Sahil Tavora|Tavora]] {{goal|88}}
| goals2 = [[Rahul Kannoly Praveen|Rahul KP]] {{Goal|68}}
|penalties1 =
*[[João Victor (footballer, born 1988)|João MJT]] {{pengoal}}
*[[Javier Siverio|Siverio]] {{penmiss}}
*[[Khassa Camara|K. Camara]] {{pengoal}}
*[[Halicharan Narzary|Hali]] {{pengoal}}
|penalties2 =
*[[Marko Lešković|Lešković]] {{penmiss}}
*[[Nishu Kumar|Nishu]] {{penmiss}}
*[[Ayush Adhikari|Ayush]] {{pengoal}}
*[[Jeakson Singh|Jeakson]] {{penmiss}}
| stadium = [[Fatorda Stadium]]
| location = [[Margao, Goa]]
| attendance = 11,500
| referee = Crystal John
}}</onlyinclude>

{| width=92%
|-
|{{Football kit
| pattern_la = _hyd2122h
| pattern_b = _hyd2122h
| pattern_ra = _hyd2122h
| pattern_sh = _hyd2122h
| pattern_so = _blackstripe
| leftarm = FFDF00
| body = FFDF01
| rightarm = FFDF01
| shorts = FFDF00
| socks = FFDF00
| title = Hyderabad
}}
|{{Football kit
| pattern_la = _keralablasters_away_2021_22
| pattern_b = _keralablasters_away_2021_22
| pattern_ra = _keralablasters_away_2021_22
| pattern_sh = _keralablasters_away_2021_22
| pattern_so = _sky_blue_on_top
| leftarm = 000000
| body = 000000
| rightarm = 000000
| shorts = 000000
| socks = 000000
| title = {{nowrap|Kerala Blasters}}
}}
|}

{| width="100%"
|valign="top" width="40%"|
{| style="font-size:90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
|-
!width=25| !!width=25|
|-
|colspan="4"|
|-
|GK ||'''25'''|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Laxmikant Kattimani]]
|-
|DF || '''44''' ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Asish Rai]]
|-
|DF || '''4''' ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chinglensana Singh (footballer)|Chinglensana Singh]]
|-
|DF || '''5''' ||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Juanan]]||||{{suboff|86}}
|-
|DF || '''31'''|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Akash Mishra]]
|-
|MF || '''8''' || {{flagicon|BRA}} [[João Victor (footballer, born 1988)|João Victor]]
|-
|MF || '''23''' || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Souvik Chakrabarti]] ||||{{suboff|71}}
|-
|MF || '''10''' || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammad Yasir|Yasir Mohammad]] ||||{{suboff|86}}
|-
|MF || '''9''' || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Aniket Jadhav]] ||||{{suboff|71}}
|-
|FW || '''7'''|| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Joel Chianese]]|| ||{{suboff|39}}
|-
|FW ||'''20''' || {{flagicon|NGR}} [[Bartholomew Ogbeche]]
|-
|colspan=3|'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|GK ||'''1''' ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gurmeet Singh (footballer)|Gurmeet Singh]]
|-
|DF ||'''29''' ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Nim Dorjee Tamang|Nim Dorjee]]
|-
|MF ||'''6'''||{{flagicon|Mauritania}} [[Khassa Camara]]||||{{subon|86}}
|-
|MF ||'''14''' ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sahil Tavora]] ||||{{subon|71}}
|-
|MF ||'''18'''||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Hitesh Sharma (footballer)|Hitesh Sharma]]
|-
|MF ||'''19'''||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Halicharan Narzary]]||||{{subon|71}}
|-
|MF ||'''88'''||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mark Zothanpuia]]
|-
|Fw ||'''12'''||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aaren D'Silva]]||||{{subon|86}}
|-
|MF ||'''99'''||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Javier Siverio]]||||{{subon|39}}
|-
|colspan=3|'''Head coach:'''
|-
|colspan=4| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Manolo Márquez]]
|}
|valign="top"|
|valign="top" width="50%"|
{| style="font-size:90%" margin:auto" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
|-
!width=25| !!width=25|
|-
|GK ||'''13'''|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Prabhsukhan Singh Gill|Prabhsukhan Gill]]
|-
|DF || '''4''' ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ruivah Hormipam]]
|-
|DF || '''55''' ||{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Marko Lešković]]
|-
|DF || '''3''' ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sandeep Singh]] || {{yel|5}}
|-
|MF || '''10'''|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Harmanjot Khabra]]
|-
|MF || '''25'''|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jeakson Singh]]
|-
|MF || '''20'''|| {{flagicon|URU}} [[Adrián Luna]]
|-
|MF || '''7'''|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalthathanga Khawlhring]]||||{{suboff|98}}
|-
|FW || '''17'''|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rahul Kannoly Praveen|Rahul KP]] ||||{{suboff|82}}
|-
|FW || '''99'''|| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Álvaro Vázquez]] ||||{{suboff|115}}
|-
|FW || '''30'''|| {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Jorge Pereyra Díaz]] || {{yel|81}} || {{suboff|92}}
|-
|colspan=3|'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|GK ||'''1''' ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Karanjit Singh]]
|-
|DF ||'''2''' ||{{flagicon|BIH}} [[Enes Sipović]]
|-
|DF ||'''5'''||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Nishu Kumar]]||||{{subon|82}}
|-
|MF ||'''34''' ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bijoy Varghese|Bijoy V]]
|-
|DF ||'''15'''||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanjeev Stalin]]
|-
|MF ||'''8'''||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ayush Adhikari]]||{{yel|113}}||{{subon|98}}
|-
|MF ||'''24'''||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Prasanth Karuthadathkuni]]
|-
|MF ||'''47'''||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vincy Barretto]]||||{{subon|115}}
|-
|FW ||'''77'''||{{flagicon|BHU}} [[Chencho Gyeltshen]]||||{{subon|92}}
|-
|colspan=3|'''Head coach:'''
|-
|colspan=4| {{flagicon|SER}} [[Ivan Vukomanovic]]
|}
|}

{| style="width:100%; font-size:90%;"
|-
| style="width:50%; vertical-align:top;"|
'''[[2021–22 Indian Super League#Hero of the Match|Hero of the Match]]'''
* [[Laxmikant Kattimani]] (Hyderabad)
| style="width:50%; vertical-align:top;"|
'''Match rules'''
*90 minutes.
*30 minutes of extra time if necessary.
*Penalty shoot-out if scores still level.
*Nine named substitutes.
*Maximum of five substitutions.
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.indiansuperleague.com/ Indian Super League Official Website].

{{Indian Super League}}
{{2021–22 in Indian football}}

[[Category:Indian Super League finals]]
[[Category:2021–22 Indian Super League season]]
[[Category:2021–22 in Indian football]]
[[Category:March 2022 sports events in India|Indian Super League Final]]
[[Category:Kerala Blasters FC matches]]

{{India-footy-competition-stub}}

Pundri

2025-12-30T08:13:00Z

DinahFlo5043561:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Pundri
| native_name =
| other_name = (Pundrik)
| native_name_lang = Hindi
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = Kaithal pundri karnal highway.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = kaithal pundri highway
| pushpin_map = India Haryana#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Haryana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|29.75|N|76.55|E|display=inline,title}}
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title2 = Member of Parliament
| leader_name2 = [[Naveen Jindal]]
| leader_title3 = Member of the Legislative Assembly
| leader_name3 = Satpal Jamba
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 240.06
| population_total = 33,484 (UA)
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="List_of_cities_in_Haryana_by_population">[[List of cities in Haryana by population]]</ref>{{Circular reference|date=May 2019}}
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_title2 = Spoken
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 136026
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 01746
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Kurukshetra
| registration_plate = HR 08
| website = {{URL|haryana.gov.in}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-HR]]
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info2 = [[Hindi]], [[Indian English|English]], [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]], [[Punjabi Language|Punjabi]]
}}

'''Pundri''' is a City and a [[municipal committee]] in [[Kaithal district]] of the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Haryana]]. Pundri along with Pundrak was named after the sage Pundarik, who is highly revered by all [[Hindu]]s. Pundri is the seat of a [[Tehsil]] and also a [[Haryana]] [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency currently represented by [[Satpal Jamba]].

Pundri is also known for its '''Firni''', a sweet which is so popular that nearly 100 quintals of it are sold in the month of August around the festival of [[Teej]].

Water Flour Mill few remaining in India now, but one of them is a mill which is 123 years old near pundri. This mill was built in 1890 and it is located at the ground floor. Pundri is also known as Fatehpur-Pundri for the village of [[Fatehpur, Kaithal|Fatehpur]] adjoining it.

== Geography ==
Pundri is located at {{Coord|29.75|N|76.55|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/10/Pundri.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Pundri, India|website=www.fallingrain.com}}</ref> It has an average elevation of 224 metres (734 feet).

== Demographics ==
As of the 2011 India census, Total population of Pundri is 33,484.[1] The sex ratio is 888 (F/M) and 12.02% of the population is under six years of age. The effective literacy rate is 67.8%; male literacy is 74.04% and female literacy is 60.75%. Punjabi, Haryanvi and Hindi are major languages.

== Religious places ==
* [[Pundrik tirth]]
{{Cleanup-list|section|date=March 2024}}
* [[Devi Mandir Fatehpur]]
* [[Guru Bharamanand Aashram]]
* [[Gurudwara Shri Pundri Sahib]]
* [[Gyarah Rudri Shiv Mandir]]

== Transport ==
Pundri, is well connected with road network as it many cities [[Kaithal]], [[Delhi]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Karnal]], [[Kurukshetra]].

== Educational institutes ==
{{Cleanup-list|section|date=March 2024}}
=== Government Schools ===
* [[Govt. Senior Secondary School, Pundri]]
* [[Govt. Girls Senior Secondary School, Pundri]]
* [[Govt. Senior Secondary School, Fatehpur]]

=== Private Schools ===
* [[DAV Public School, Pundri]]
* [[BPR Public School, Pundri]]
* [[RN Public School , Pundri]]
* [[Shweta Royal Public School]]
* [[Dhruv public school]]
* [[Anglo sanskrit senior secondary school]]

=== College ===

[[File:Pundri.jpg|thumb|DAV College Pundri]]
* [[DAV College, Pundri]]
* [[KMV College, Pundri]]
* [[Maharaja Aggarsain College of Education]]
* [[Dr Bhim Rao Ambedkar Institute of Technology]]
* [[Govt. ITI, Pundri]]

=== Gurukul ===

* [[Pundri Gurukul]]
* [[Gurukul Takshshila]] 5 milestone Pundri karnal highway

== Notable people ==


* [[Satpal Jamba]] is the current MLA.

* [[Randhir Singh Gollen]] was the MLA. He is also chairman of Haryana state tourism.
* [[Dinesh Kaushik (politician)]]
* [[Chaudhary Ishwar Singh|Ishwar Singh]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== See also ==
* [[Kaithal]]

{{Kaithal district topics}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Kaithal district]]
[[Category:48 kos parikrama of Kurukshetra]]

Chennai Spartans

2025-12-15T00:13:15Z

DinahFlo5043561: update layout and cleaned formatting

{{short description|Indian volleyball team}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{infobox volleyball club
|body1=f9f92f
|body2=
|capacity=5000
|chairman=
|clubname=Chennai Spartans
|current=
|founded=2018
|league=[[Pro Volleyball League]] (until 2021)
|position=
|website=http://chennaispartans.co.in/
|shorts1=f9f92f
|shorts2=
|rightarm1=f9f92f
|rightarm2=
|leftarm1=f9f92f
|leftarm2=
|pattern_b1=_bluecollar
|pattern_b2=
|owner=Chennai Spartans Private Limited
|ground=[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|Jawaharlal Nehru Indoor Stadium, Chennai]]
|image=
|titles=1 (2019)}}
'''Chennai Spartans''' was a men's [[volleyball]] team from [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]] playing in the [[Pro Volleyball League]] in India.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/pro-volleyball-league-with-no-bollywood-stars-and-actors-as-owners-league-to-let-sport-and-players-be-the-heroes-5622511.html | title=Pro Volleyball League: With no Bollywood stars and actors as owners, league to let sport and players be the 'heroes'|date=27 November 2018|publisher=Firstpost|first=Amit|last=Kamath|access-date=15 August 2020}}</ref>

Chennai Spartans made to final after beating [[Kochi Blue Spikers]] in semi-finals in [[2019 Pro Volleyball League|2019 season]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/volleyball/rupay-pro-volleyball-league-2019-semifinal-2-kochi-chennai|title=RuPay Pro Volleyball League 2019, Semifinal 2: Chennai Spartans script comeback to reach the final|date=2019-02-20|website=www.sportskeeda.com|language=en|access-date=2019-02-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/field/914023/pro-volleyball-league-chennai-spartans-beat-kochi-blue-spikers-to-enter-final|title=Pro Volleyball League: Chennai Spartans beat Kochi Blue Spikers to enter final|author=Scroll Staff|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-21}}</ref> In finals, they beat [[Calicut Heroes]] to win their maiden title.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/volleyball/pro-volleyball-league-pvl-final-live-chennai-spartans-vs-calicut-heroes-rudy-verhoeff-jerome-vinith-paul-lotman/article26342257.ece|title=PVL Final: Chennai Spartans hammers Calicut Heroes to claim title|last=Sportstar|first=Team|website=Sportstar|language=en|access-date=2019-02-22}}</ref>

==Team==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:100%; text-align:center;"
! colspan="4" | Team roster – Season 2019
|-
! colspan="4" | Chennai Spartans
|-
!No.
!style="width:16em"|Name
!style="width:9em"|Position
|-
| {{sort|02|2}} ||align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Naveen Raja Jacob]]||attacker
|-
| {{sort|13|13}} ||align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vibin M George]] ||attacker
|-
| {{sort|04|4}} ||align=left|{{flagicon|LVA}} [[Ruslans Sorokins]]||attacker
|-
| {{sort|12|12}} ||align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[R Piraisoodan ]]||attacker
|-
| {{sort|05|5}} ||align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Shelton Moses]](C) ||blocker
|-
| {{sort|07|7}} ||align=left|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Rudy Verhoeff]] ||blocker
|-
| {{sort|08|8}} ||align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[A. Bhagyaraj]] ||blocker
|-
| {{sort|09|9}} ||align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Akhin. G. S]] ||blocker
|-
| {{sort|12|12}} ||align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[K. J. Kapil Dev]] ||setter
|-
| {{sort|14|14}} ||align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} V. Hariharan ||setter
|-
| {{sort|11|11}} ||align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Prabhakaran Prabhakaran]] ||libero
|-
| {{sort|15|15}} ||align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwin Raj]] ||universal
|-
|colspan=4| Head coach: [[M. H. Kumara]]
|}
Source :<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.provolleyball.in/Team/chennai-spartans|title=Chennai Spartans{{!}}Pro Volleyball Team|website=www.provolleyball.in|access-date=2019-02-12}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Tamil Nadu Sports}}

[[Category:Volleyball clubs in India]]
[[Category:Men's volleyball teams]]
[[Category:Sports clubs and teams in Tamil Nadu]]

Bahujanratna Loknayak

2025-12-13T06:28:54Z

DinahFlo5043561: further fixed article per sources additionally and added references for accuracy

{{Short description|Marathi-language newspaper}}
{{COI|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox newspaper
| name = Bahujanratna Loknayak (newspaper)
| school =
| logo = Loknayak Newspaper.png
| logo_size = 220px
| logo_alt = Bahujanratna Loknayak
| image =
| image_size = 240px
| image_alt =
| caption =
| motto =
| type = [[Newspaper|Daily Newspaper]]
| format = [[Broadsheet]]
| owner = Shubham Kundan Gote
| founder =  Kundan Gote
| publisher =
| president =
| editor =
| chief_editor = Shubham Kundan Gote
| deputy_editor =
| associate_editor =
| managing_editor = Buddhabhushan Kundan Gote
| general_manager =
| news_editor =
| campus_editor =
| campus_chief =
| metro_editor =
| metro_chief =
| opinion_editor =
| photo_editor =
| staff_writers =
| founded = {{start date and age|2005|10|23}}
| political_position =
| language = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| ceased_publication =
| relaunched =
| headquarters = [[Thane]], Maharashtra
| publishing_city = Thane
| publishing_country = India
| circulation =
| circulation_date =
| circulation_ref =
| readership =
| sister_newspapers =
| ISSN =
| eISSN =
| oclc =
| RNI =
| website = {{url|http://bloknayak.com/}}
}}
'''''Bahujanratna Loknayak''''' is a Marathi daily broadsheet newspaper based in Thane, [[Maharashtra]].<ref>[[Registrar of Newspapers for India|RNI]] | Reg. No.2006/17652 | Name: BAHUJAN RATNA LOKNAYAK| Publication City: THANE| Link: http://rni.nic.in/registerdtitle_search/registeredtitle_ser.aspx </ref> It was founded by Kundan Gote on 23 October 2005 and is owned by his older son [[Shubham Kundan Gote]], who is editor-in-chief.<ref name="DailyHunt-20180715">{{cite web|url=https://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/marathi/lokmanthan-epaper-lokmanth/jyeshth+patrakar+kundan+gote+yanche+nidhan-newsid-89885778|title=ज्येष्ठ पत्रकार कुंदन गोटे यांचे निधन|date=2018-07-12|work=Daily News and Analysis|publisher=Daily Hunt.|location=Mumbai|accessdate=30 June 2018}}</ref><ref name="StarMaharashtra-20180715">{{cite web|url=http://www.starmaharashtra.com/jsp/single_page.jsp?id=2258|title=कुंदन गोटे यांच्या निधनाने आंबेडकरी चळवळीची झालेली हानी कधीही भरून येणार नाही : रामदास आठवले|date=2018-07-12|work=News|publisher=Star Maharashtra.|location=Mumbai|accessdate=17 June 2018}}</ref> The paper has eight editions from locations in [[Maharashtra]], [[Thane]], [[Mumbai]], [[Nashik]], [[Aurangabad]], [[Pune]], [[Raigad district|Raigad]], [[Jalna, Maharashtra|Jalna]] and [[Akola]].

== See also ==

* [[List of Marathi-language newspapers]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [http://www.bloknayak.com/ ''Loknayak'' website]
* [http://www.bloknayak.com/ ''Bahujanratna Loknayak''{{'}}s English website]
* [http://navayan.com/periodicals.php?lang=marathi&name=bahujanratna-loknayak ''Loknayak'' featured on Navayan]

[[Category:Marathi-language newspapers]]
[[Category:Newspapers published in Maharashtra]]
{{India-newspaper-stub}}

Krishnagiri

2025-11-27T19:10:22Z

DinahFlo5043561: Expanded content with additional details

{{Short description|City in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{AI-generated|date=October 2025}}
{{About|the city in Tamil Nadu, India|}}{{Infobox settlement
| name = Krishnagiri
| official_name =
| native_name = கிருஷ்ணகிரி
| native_name_lang = ta
| other_name = Eyil Nadu, Murasu Nadu, Kowoor Nadu, Karu Malai
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = Krishnagiri temple.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Remains of the ancient fort on the Krishnadevaraya Hill
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Krishnagiri (Tamil Nadu)
| coordinates = {{coord|12.5195868|N|78.2220300|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Region]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[File:TamilNadu Logo.svg|23x16px|border|link=|alt=|Tamil Nadu]] [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Krishnagiri District|Krishnagiri]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for = [[Krishnadevaraya]]
| government_type = Special Grade Municipality
| governing_body = Krishnagiri Municipality
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha)]]
| leader_name1 = [[A. Chellakumar]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 525
| population_total = 199,657
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 635001,635002,635115,635101,635120
| area_code = 4343
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = TN-24
| website = {{URL|www.krishnagiri.tn.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
| unemployment_rate =
| leader_title2 = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Member of Legislative Assembly]]
| leader_name2 = [[K. Ashok Kumar]]
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}

'''Krishnagiri''' ({{IPA|ta|kiɾɯʂɳaɡiɾi|IPA}}) is a city in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]], India, and it serves as the administrative headquarters of [[Krishnagiri District]] formed in 2004. It is located at the bottom of Krishnadevaraya Hills, and the town is fully surrounded by hill rocks. It is located 250 km from [[Chennai]], 45 km from [[Dharmapuri]], and 90 km from [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]]. Krishnagiri is known as "Mango Capital of India" as [[mango]]es are cultivated as the main crop, and the land here is extremely fertile with rich access to fresh water making it amenable to growing crops. Krishnagiri is the site of significant business and residential development. The Krishnagiri Dam was built in 1967.

==History==

===Prehistoric===
The Krishnagiri district has a prehistoric importance. Archeological sources<ref>{{Cite web |title=KRISHNAGIRI MUSEUM {{!}} Krishnagiri District, Government of Tamil Nadu {{!}} India |url=https://krishnagiri.nic.in/tourist-place/krishnagiri-museum/ |access-date=2024-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web| title=Archaeology of Krishnagiri District, Tamil Nadu | url=https://ijisrt.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/IJISRT19JA262.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405225956/https://ijisrt.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/IJISRT19JA262.pdf | archive-date=2024-04-05}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2022-05-10 |title=Krishnagiri site traces iron tools to 2172BCE |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/krishnagiri-site-traces-iron-tools-to-2172bce/articleshow/91457605.cms |access-date=2024-04-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> confirm human habitation during [[Paleolithic]], [[Neolithic]] and [[Mesolithic Age]]s. Various rock paintings and rock carvings of [[Indus Valley civilization]]<ref name=":1" /> and Iron Age seen in this district support the historical significance of this district.

=== Classical and modern history ===
Krishnagiri region is a part of the ancient [[Kongu Nadu]] and [[Chera Dynasty|Chera]] country. Historically it was ruled by Chera rulers. Later the region came under [[Chola Empire|Cholas]], [[Pallava dynasty|Pallavas]], Gangas, [[Nolamba dynasty|Nulambas]], [[Hoysala Kingdom|Hoysalas]], [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijaya Nagar]] and Bijapur emperors, [[Wadiyar dynasty|Wodeyars]] of Mysore and [[Madurai Nayak dynasty|Nayaks]] of Madurai. This region of Krishnagiri served as "Gateway of Tamil Nadu" and the protective barrier for the southern region defending onslaughts from invaders with motives of imperialism and exploitation. Krishnagiri Fort become the first and foremost defensive place. The majestic fortress, built on Krishnagiri hill by the Vijaya Nagar emperors, stands as testimony still now.

During [[Anglo-Mysore Wars|Mysore war I]], the British troops passed through Krishnagiri to attack [[Hyder Ali]]'s Forces at ''Kaveripattinam''. British army was defeated here. In Mysore war II after the "Treaty of Srirangapattinam" entire region of Salem and Barah Mahal were surrendered to the British. In 1792 CE, Captain Alexander Reed became the first District Collector of this region. Under the diplomacy of Robert Clive, the then Governor of Madras Presidency, Krishnagiri became the headquarters of Bara Mahal.

A mint was established at Krishnagiri in 1794 CE. Gold, silver and copper coins were forged here. Many soldiers from Krishnagiri region took part in the world war and were killed. The historical importance and potential growth in education, economy and tourism of present Krishnagiri made it necessary to create a separate district. Krishnagiri was formed as 30th district by the Government of Tamil Nadu. Krishnagiri district was carved out of Dharmapuri district on 9 February 2004 with five taluks and ten blocks.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.krishnagiri.tn.nic.in/rollofhonour.html | location=Krishnagiri, India | work=Krishnagiri Collectorate | title=Top at the Roll of Honour | date=9 February 2004 | access-date=4 April 2011 | archive-date=25 December 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101225053605/http://www.krishnagiri.tn.nic.in/rollofhonour.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Climate==
Krishnagiri experiences a borderline [[semi-arid climate#Hot semi-arid climates|hot semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''BSh'')/[[tropical savanna climate]] (''Aw''). The temperature here averages {{convert|26.5|°C|1|disp=or}} and annual rainfall averages {{convert|794|mm|inch|1|disp=or}}. There are three distinct seasons that can be seen in Krishnagiri. Monsoon season brings substantial amount of rainfall in short intervals to this region – Krishnagiri experiences a long though not intense monsoon. Winters are generally very warm but dry, although the morning temperature can fall to {{convert|13|°C|1|disp=or}}, and clearly the best time to visit. Summer is from the months of March to June. During this time temperatures are hot to sweltering and mercury rise up to around {{convert|38|°C|1|disp=or}} and dipping a minimum of {{convert|32|°C|1|disp=or}}. April and May are generally the hottest months of the year and the heat could be uncomfortable.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.krishnagiri.tn.nic.in/profile.html |title = Krishnagiri Profile |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110721175040/http://www.krishnagiri.tn.nic.in/profile.html |archive-date = 21 July 2011 }}</ref>
{{Weather box
|location = Krishnagiri
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|temperature colour = pastel
|width = auto
|Jan high C = 29.2
|Feb high C = 31.6
|Mar high C = 33.4
|Apr high C = 35.9
|May high C = 36.1
|Jun high C = 34.8
|Jul high C = 32.0
|Aug high C = 31.6
|Sep high C = 31.5
|Oct high C = 30.4
|Nov high C = 28.8
|Dec high C = 28.0
|Jan low C = 17.3
|Feb low C = 18.0
|Mar low C = 20.7
|Apr low C = 23.5
|May low C = 24.5
|Jun low C = 23.3
|Jul low C = 22.5
|Aug low C = 21.5
|Sep low C = 22.4
|Oct low C = 21.5
|Nov low C = 19.6
|Dec low C = 17.5
|rain colour=green
|Jan rain mm = 7
|Feb rain mm = 4
|Mar rain mm = 11
|Apr rain mm = 32
|May rain mm = 95
|Jun rain mm = 41
|Jul rain mm = 72
|Aug rain mm = 90
|Sep rain mm = 112
|Oct rain mm = 189
|Nov rain mm = 80
|Dec rain mm = 61
|source 1 = en.climate-data.org,<ref name= climate >{{cite web
| url = http://en.climate-data.org/location/53367/ | title = Climate:Krishnagiri | access-date = 4 January 2014 }}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations|type=
|align = left
|state=collapsed
|1941|15311
|1951|19774
| 1961| 23827
|1971 | 35263
|1981 | 48335
| 1991 | 60381
| 2001 | 109,461
|2011|199,657
|footnote=Sources:
}}
{{bar box|title=Religious census|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=right|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|Orange|71.37}}{{bar percent|[[Islam|Muslim]]|Green|24.7}}{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]]|Blue|3.77}}{{bar percent|[[Jainism|Jain]]|pink|0.07}}{{bar percent|[[Sikhism|Sikh]]|darkkhaki|0.05}}{{bar percent|Other|grey|0.04}} }}

According to [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Krishnagiri had a population of 199,657 with a sex-ratio of 1,015 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> A total of 7,748 were under the age of six, constituting 4,059 males and 3,689 females. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounted for 10.64% and .18% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 76.79%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<ref name="dashboard"/> The town had a total of 16386 households. There were a total of 24,559 workers, comprising 187 cultivators, 99 main agricultural labourers, 640 in house hold industries, 22,230 other workers, 1,403 marginal workers, 10 marginal cultivators, 42 marginal agricultural labourers, 207 marginal workers in household industries and 1,144 other marginal workers.<ref name=2011census>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals – Krishnagiri|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=705155|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref>

As per the religious census of 2011, Krishnagiri (M) had 71.37% [[Hindu]]s, 24.7% [[Muslims]], 3.77% [[Christians]], 0.05% [[Sikhs]], 0.07% [[Jainism|Jains]], 0.03% following other religions and 0.01% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.<ref name=religion2011>{{cite web|title=Population By Religious Community – Tamil Nadu|year=2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|format=XLS|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>

[[Tamil language|Tamil]] is the major language spoken in Krishnagiri. [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Kannada]] are also spoken here, due to the proximity towards [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Karnataka]] states.

==Economy==
The major crop of Krishnagiri district with 300.17 km2 area of cultivation is mango. The district produces 300,000 tones annually and in Tamil Nadu Krishnagiri District is the leading mango producer. Almost 20% of the mango varieties like 'Thothapuri' and 'Alphonso' that are produced in this district, are processed into pulp. In addition to mango pulp processing, tonnes of mangoes are processed into juice every year in this district. A large-scale mango export zone has been approved for the Krishnagiri district. This will allow growing as well as processing of mangoes thus yielding higher profits for the farmers.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/06/22/stories/2009062256490500.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107102840/http://www.hindu.com/2009/06/22/stories/2009062256490500.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=7 November 2012 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Mango export zone in Krishnagiri soon: Collector | date=22 June 2009}}</ref>

Approximately 25 industries located in this district process mangoes. Much of the population in this district is employed through mango cultivation directly and other labour class benefit through employment in mango processing units. There are about 150 mango nurseries which produce mango saplings in and around 'Santhur Village'. The district exports mango-based products worth over {{INR}} 8 billion. Under the horticulture development program, government owned horticulture farms are functioning here. Through these units, about 300,000 fruit saplings are produced and distributed under different schemes. Apart from production and export, Krishnagiri also hosts Mango exhibition every year which is the unique in its kind in line with the annual exhibition held at New Delhi.

[http://rsri.org.in REST Society for Research International] which conducts various conference and seminars is also registered in Krishnagiri.

Krishnagiri is an urbanized city well connected between AP, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu by NH7 (National Highway 7). Arcot Makkan Peda is a traditional sweet. There are shopping malls. There are a boat club and a park on the city's outskirts.

[[File:Krishnagiri Rountana.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Krishnagiri traffic circle]]

==Transport==
{{main|Transport in Krishnagiri}}

Krishnagiri is well connected to various parts of India through several [[National Highway (India)|National Highways]] that include Krishnagiri–[[Chennai]] [[National Highway 48 (India)|NH 48]], [[Tindivanam]]–Krishnagiri [[National Highway 77 (India)|NH 77]], Krishnagiri–[[Madanapalli]] [[National Highway 42 (India)|NH 42]] and [[Srinagar]]–[[Kanyakumari]] via Krishnagiri [[National Highway 44 (India)|NH 44]].

Krishnagiri connects 3 different states i.e. Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.

The National Highway from [[Hosur]] to Krishnagiri is currently undergoing expansion from four-lanes to six-lanes.<ref name="nhwide">{{cite news |url= http://www.hindu.com/2010/05/21/stories/2010052152280400.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100526035829/http://www.hindu.com/2010/05/21/stories/2010052152280400.htm |url-status= dead |archive-date= 26 May 2010 |title= Hosur-Krishnagiri road project goes to R-Infra |date= 21 May 2010 |work= [[The Hindu]] |location=New Delhi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Hosur to Krishnagiri 6 lane Road Project Value |url= http://www.informationkhazana.com/hosur-information/project-six-laning-59-87km-long-hosur-krishnagiri-tamilnadu-approved.html |access-date= 6 September 2017 |archive-date= 20 June 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170620070344/http://www.informationkhazana.com/hosur-information/project-six-laning-59-87km-long-hosur-krishnagiri-tamilnadu-approved.html |url-status= dead }}</ref>

The new bus stand on the outskirts of the town is well connected by government buses and private carriers to [[Chennai]], [[Bengaluru]], [[Coimbatore]] and other major cities and towns in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Puducherry.

The nearest railway stations are [[Dharmapuri railway station|Dharmapuri]] (45 km), [[Kuppam|Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh]] (35 km), [[Jolarpet]] (60 km), and Rayakotta (30 km). A proposal is before the central government -via [[Jolarpet]]-[[Hosur]] route to build a Railway station in Krishnagiri thus making it part of the Indian railway network. This is set to facilitate trade of textiles and fruits. As per new budget report, the proposed new line would take off from [[Jolarpet Junction]], [[Tirupattur district|Tirupattur]] and pass through Kandili, Bargur, Krishnagiri and Shoolagiri a length of 104 km to join at Rayakottai. Another survey was conducted for a new rail link between Krishnagiri and Dharmapuri in 2004–05.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/09/10/stories/2009091055080600.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912050151/http://www.hindu.com/2009/09/10/stories/2009091055080600.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=12 September 2009 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Rahul visit raises hopes on rail project | date=10 September 2009}}</ref>

The nearest commercial airport is [[Bengaluru International Airport]] (91 km) and [[Salem Airport (India)|Salem Airport]] (110 km).

==Tourism==
[[File:Krishangiri Dam Outside.jpg|thumb|Krishangiri Dam Outside]]
Most visitors come from Hosur, Bangalore, Dharmapuri, Vaniyambadi, Ambur and Chennai. The [[Krishnagiri Dam]] (Krishnagiri Reservoir Project Dam) was constructed in 1958 during the rule of the then Chief Minister [[Kamarajar]] and is near the town. Nearby, Krishnagiri hill has the fortress of the ruler, [[Krishnadevaraya|Krishnadevarayar]]. It is possible to treks to nearby hills and mountains as well as farm houses. The boat house is 8 km from the central bus stand, which also houses a children's park. There is a variety of ancient temples in the vicinity of Krishnagiri. Nearby Ramapuram is the site of a 500-year-old Rama Temple that draws many visitors.

[[File:Mallachandram-Krishnagiri-Tamilnadu-india-1.JPG|thumbnail|[[Megalith]] structure, Mallachandram village, near Krishnagiri]]
The museum in this District is known for traditional culture, art and architecture, heritage and historical background is a blessing in disguise, to spread the traditional and heritage, culture and art of Tamil Nadu and Krishnagiri District in particular. This museum has operated since 1993 AD, and is on Gandhi Salai in Krishnagiri. Historical monuments are preserved and exhibited here. It is not only a place of tourism but also a center of education. This museum collects the monuments, classifies and preserves them to conduct research on their historical worthiness. The Krishnagiri Mountain is famous for its well preserved fortress of Vijayanagar emperors, which later came under the rule of British empire.

==Politics==
In the [[Tamil Nadu Legislature]], [[Krishnagiri (state assembly constituency)|Krishnagiri state assembly constituency]] is a part of [[Krishnagiri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Krishnagiri Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf | title = List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies| access-date = 9 October 2008| work = Tamil Nadu| publisher = Election Commission of India |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060504185928/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf |archive-date = 4 May 2006}}</ref> In the [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]], the assembly seat was won by, K. Ashok Kumar of [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (ADMK).

In the [[Parliament of India]], the [[Krishnagiri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Krishnagiri Lok Sabha Constituency]] is held by politician [[A. Chellakumar]].<ref name="Rit">{{cite web|title=Seventeenth Loksabha, Member of the Parliament|publisher=Parliament of India|year=2019|access-date=28 September 2019|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/AlphabeticalList.aspx}}</ref>

In the Krishnagiri Assembly Constituency Municipal Chairman is represented by [[ Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] Paritha Navab, Krishnagiri District Secretary of Students Youth Wing.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://krishnagiri.nic.in/ Krishnagiri District Website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090202134148/http://www.krishnagiri.tn.nic.in/mango/index.html Krishnagiri Mango]










{{Krishnagiri district}}

{{Municipalities of Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Krishnagiri district]]
[[Category:Vijayanagara Empire]]

Saumya Kamble

2025-11-17T20:38:01Z

DinahFlo5043561: added post

{{short description|Indian dancer and choreographer}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Notability|1=Biographies|date=April 2022}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=December 2023}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
'''Saumya Kamble''' is a dancer and choreographer, known for her classical, hip hop, and contemporary dance styles. She came into the limelight after winning the Indian reality show [[India's Best Dancer (Hindi TV series) season 2|India's Best Dancer S02]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/saumya-kamble-wins-indias-best-dancer-season-2-7715016/|title=Saumya Kamble wins India's Best Dancer Season 2|date=9 January 2022|first=Sana|last=Farzeen|newspaper=The Indian Express|accessdate=18 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/indias-best-dancer-2-finale-saumya-kamble-lifts-trophy-gourav-sarwan-is-runnerup-101641746145977.html|title=India's Best Dancer 2 finale: Saumya Kamble lifts trophy, Gourav Sarwan is runner-up|date=9 January 2022|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/television/india-s-best-dancer-2-winner-saumya-kamble-from-pune-maharashtra-know-life-facts-about-saumya-kamble|title=India's Best Dancer 2: सौम्या कांबले के लिए आसान नहीं था बेस्ट डांसर बनने का सफर, पिता नहीं करते थे सपोर्ट|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/news/saumya-kamble-winner-indias-best-dancer-season-2/|title=Who Is Saumya Kamble ? Winner Of India's Best Dancer Season 2|date=10 January 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/choti-helen-saumya-kamble-from-pune-wins-the-title-of-sony-entertainment-television-s-india-s-best-dancer-season-2-1505425|title='Choti Helen' Saumya Kamble Wins Sony Entertainment Television's India's Best Dancer – Season 2|first=ABP News|last=Bureau|date=10 January 2022|website=news.abplive.com}}</ref>

==Career==
In 2021, Saumya Kamble won India's Best Dancer Season 2. Saumya Kamble also participated as a finalist in Dance Icon 2022. Additionally, Saumya was a guest performer on Super Mom's Season 3 in 2022, where Varsha Bumra was a contestant. Saumya also served as a choreographer on [[India's Best Dancer (Hindi TV series) season 3|India's Best Dancer 3]], where Boogie LLB participated as a contestant. In 2024 Saumya was guest performance with Anshika Dhara in Dance+ pro {{cn|date=December 2023}}.In August 2024, Saumya serves as a choreographer on [[India's Best Dancer (Hindi TV series) season 4|India's Best Dancer 4]], where Chitrakshi Batra participated as a contestant.{{cn|date=August 2024}}. Saumya is the Caption of Team India's Best Dancer in (Hindi TV series) Champions Ke Tashan Season 1,

==Personal life==
Saumya Kamble hails from the city of [[Pune]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pune girl Saumya Kamble wins India’s Best Dancer 2 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/pune-girl-saumya-kamble-wins-india-s-best-dancer-2-1897990-2022-01-09 |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kamble, Saumya}}
[[Category:Indian dancers]]
[[Category:People from Pune]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Bhapa

2025-10-26T00:21:01Z

DinahFlo5043561: started data

{{short description|Pejorative for Khatri Sikhs}}
{{Italic title}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}

'''Bhapa''' (also spelt as '''Bhappa''' or '''Bhaapa''')<ref name="Mirror 2016">{{cite news |title=The Sardar joke is on you |work=Mumbai Mirror | date=3 January 2016 | url=https://www.mumbaimirror.com/columns/columnists/by-invitation/The-Sardar-joke-is-on-you/articleshow/50422145.cms | access-date=17 May 2016}}</ref> is a term used in [[Punjab region|Punjab]] by the members of the [[Sikh]] community in a pejorative sense<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Pukhraj |title=Bluestar Baby Boomers |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2014/05/31/bluestar-baby-boomers |access-date=10 January 2020 |work=Newslaundry |date=31 May 2014 |language=en-UK}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The SAD's chances will depend on the polarisation of Hindu votes and the extent to which urban Sikhs (Bhapas) would support a Hindu nominee.|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/patiala/cong-royals-fighting-to-hold-bastion-against-sad-s-juneja/article1-1251933.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150425074356/http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/patiala/cong-royals-fighting-to-hold-bastion-against-sad-s-juneja/article1-1251933.aspx|archive-date=25 April 2015|access-date=6 February 2021|first=Vishal |last=Rambani |work=Hindustan Times |date=14 August 2014}}</ref> for Sikhs that migrated from Pakistan after the [[Partition of India]] in 1947. The term originally referred to Khatri Sikh migrant business-orientated families who originated from [[Rawalpindi]] but later evolved to encompass the entire Khatri Sikh community, both local and non-local.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Birinder Pal |title=The Sikh World |date=May 1, 2023 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9780429848384 |editor-last=Singh |editor-first=Pashaura |chapter=10. Sikhs in India: Caste in Sikhs |doi=10.4324/9780429455322-13 |quote= |editor-last2=Mandair |editor-first2=Arvind-Pal Singh}}</ref>

== Description ==
During the [[partition of Punjab]] in 1947, many [[Khatri|Khatri Sikh]] business families from [[West Punjab]] migrated to what is today India.<ref name=":0" /> The migrants were especially welcomed by the [[Maharaja of Patiala]], where they settled in [[Patiala]].<ref name=":0" /> The term derives from the local [[Dhanni dialect|Rawalpindi dialect]] of [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ballantyne |first=Tony |title=Textures of the Sikh past : new historical perspectives |date=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |others=Tony Ballantyne |isbn=978-0-19-568663-0 |location=New Delhi |pages=121 |chapter=(f) Jats and Bhapas |oclc=171617752 |quote=Bhapa is a word from the Pothohari dialect spoken around Rawalpindi ...}}</ref> The slur was adopted from the term ''bhapa'', which was used by the community to refer to both a father and elder brother.<ref name=":0" /> The term came to be used as a pejorative to refer to Khatri Sikhs, essentially to mark them as non-[[Jat Sikh|Jatts]].<ref name=":0" /> The Khatri Sikhs came into conflict with the [[Bania (caste)|Banias]], another trading caste, and the Jatt Sikhs, with there being a notable divide between Jatt and Khatri Sikhs.<ref name=":0" /> The Khatris and Jatts do not intermarry.<ref name=":0" /> Since the late 1960s, many Jatt Sikh youths in India started trimming their beards and wearing the turban with shorn/unshorn hair (Jatt Sikhs in foreign countries also began not wearing turbans), whereas Khatri Sikh youth rarely do this.<ref name=":0" />

According to H. S. Bhatti, it is a popular term used to refer to urbanized [[Khatri|Khatri Sikhs]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Bhatti |first=H. S. |title=Folk Religion: Change and Continuity |publisher=Rawat Publications |year=2000 |isbn=9788170336082 |pages=39}}</ref> Shiv Kumar Batalvi used the term "Bhaapawaad" to denote merchant class exploitation. He critiqued Balwant Gargi's poetry, and said Punjabi is language of common people, not of merchant class to benefit from it and exploit people.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/sirjana-april-june-1977/page/10/mode/2up | title=ਸਿਰਜਣਾ ਅਪ੍ਰੈਲ-ਜੂਨ 1977- Sirjana April-June 1977 | date=26 March 2023 }}</ref>

''Bhapa'' describes Sikhs who migrated to India, especially from the [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi area]], also known as the [[Khukhrain]]'s area, and its neighbouring regions. The Bhapa name at first was only associated with migrated Sikh traders/shopkeepers.<ref name="McLeod">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ |title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism |first=W. H. |last=McLeod |authorlink=W. H. McLeod |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2005|isbn=9781442236011 }}</ref>{{pn|date=January 2018}}

Bhapa is a term used in the [[Potohari]] dialect in the Rawalpindi area.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1WsMAQAAMAAJ&q=bhapa+sikh+khatri | title=Textures of the Sikh Past: New Historical Perspectives| isbn=9780195686630| last1=Ballantyne| first1=Tony| year=2007| publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> It was a common term for the elder brother or father and is still often used in that sense. It is somewhat equivalent to ''[[sir]]''. Derived from [[Sanskrit]] ''Bappa'' or ''Vapra'',<ref>Monier Williams' Sanskrit-English Dictionary</ref> it is a [[Cognate (etymology)|cognate]] to ''Bawa''.<ref>Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Printed at the Govt. Central Press, 1896</ref> The term has occasionally been used as a royal title in some regions of India. The best-known king with the title was [[Bappa Rawal]], the founder of the [[Guhilot]] dynasty.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Ethnic and religious slurs]]
[[Category:Sikh communities]]

Kajali, Palghar

2025-09-20T08:05:47Z

DinahFlo5043561: Put Up Bio

{{short description|Village in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kajali
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|20.2045362|N|72.8781322|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Palghar district|Palghar]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluka]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Talasari]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 72
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1019
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 551533
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kajali''' is a village in the [[Palghar district]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is located in the [[Talasari]] [[taluka]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |title=Maharashtra villages |publisher=Land Records Information Systems Division, NIC |accessdate=2015-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095320/http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Kajali has 196 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 57.86%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2721-F-Census.xlsx |title=District census data |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |accessdate=2015-08-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002001310/http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2721-F-Census.xlsx |archivedate=2015-10-02 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 1019 || 518 || 501
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 160 || 79 || 81
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 940 || 467 || 473
|-
| Literates || 497 || 322 || 175
|-
| Workers (all) || 326 || 274 || 52
|-
| Main workers (total) || 280 || 237 || 43
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 89 || 84 || 5
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 61 || 37 || 24
|-
| Main workers: Household industry workers || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Main workers: Other || 130 || 116 || 14
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 46 || 37 || 9
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 2 || 2 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 11 || 6 || 5
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers: Others || 33 || 29 || 4
|-
| Non-workers || 693 || 244 || 449
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Talasari taluka}}

[[Category:Villages in Talasari taluka]]

Shodha

2025-08-29T13:23:24Z

DinahFlo5043561: added a pg

{{Short description|2025 Kannada psychological crime thriller web series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Shodha web series.jpg
| genre = Suspense crime thriller, murder mystery.
| writer = Suhas Navarathna
| director = Sunil Mysuru
| starring = {{ubl|[[Pawan Kumar (director)|Pawan Kumar]]|[[Siri Ravikumar]]|Anusha Ranganath|[[Arun Sagar]]|Diya Hegde|[[Shweta Basu Prasad|Shwetha Prasad]]|Ravi Hunsur}}
| composer = Arjun Ramu
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| producer = Karthik Yogi G Raj
| cinematography = Rahul Roy
| editor = Anil Anirudh
| company = KRG Studios
| network = [[ZEE5]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2025|08|29|df=y}}
}}
'''Shodha''' is an Indian [[Kannada]]-language suspense crime thriller web series directed by Sunil Mysuru and written by Suhas Navarathna.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-08-07 |title='Shodha': Pawan Kumar to play the lead in ZEE5 original Kannada series |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/shodha-pawan-kumar-zee5-original-kannada-web-series-krg-studios/article69905572.ece |access-date=2025-08-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-09 |title=Shodha: Lucia-fame Pawan Kumar leads new 6-episode Kannada suspense thriller series |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/shodha-lucia-fame-pawan-kumar-leads-new-6-episode-kannada-suspense-thriller-series-ottplay-101754727969356.html |access-date=2025-08-28 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> [[Pawan Kumar (director)|Pawan Kumar]] stars as a rule-bending lawyer<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharadhaa |first=A. |date=2025-08-14 |title=Pawan Kumar plays a rule-bending lawyer in Shodha |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2025/Aug/14/kannadanews2025aug13pawan-kumar-plays-a-rule-bending-lawyer-in-shodha |access-date=2025-08-28 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> opposite [[Siri Ravikumar]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-08-20 |title="Shodha gave me the scope to go intense and truly perform," says, Pawan Kumar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/kannada/shodha-gave-me-the-scope-to-go-intense-and-truly-perform-says-pawan-kumar/articleshow/123404178.cms |access-date=2025-08-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Interview {{!}} Pawan Kumar on 'Shodha': 'It Gave Me A High I Hadn't Experienced In Two Years' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/interviews/pawan-kumar-on-shodha-it-gave-me-a-high-i-hadnt-experienced-in-two-years-zee5-kannada-series |access-date=2025-08-28 |website=The Hollywood Reporter India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=N |first=Vivek M. V. & Ravichandran |date=2025-08-19 |title=Pawan Kumar interview {{!}} On Kannada web series 'Shodha', 'Dhoomam' setback and returning to direction |url=https://www.thehindu.com/videos/pawan-kumar-interview-on-kannada-web-series-shodha-dhoomam-setback-and-returning-to-direction/article69952456.ece |access-date=2025-08-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharadhaa |first=A. |date=2025-08-07 |title=KRG Studios and Zee5 back Kannada web series Shodha, starring Pawan Kumar in the lead |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2025/Aug/07/kannadanews2025aug07krg-studios-and-zee5-back-kannada-web-series-shodha-starring-pawan-kumar-in-the-lead |access-date=2025-08-28 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Produced by [[KRG Studios]], the six-episode series premiered on [[ZEE5]] on 29 August 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shodha on OTT: Pawan Kumar-led Kannada suspense thriller gets new streaming date |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/shodha-on-ott-pawan-kumar-led-kannada-suspense-thriller-gets-new-streaming-date-ottplay-101755590495942.html |website=HindustanTimes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharadhaa |first=A. |date=2025-08-19 |title=ZEE5 Kannada to premiere Shodha, a psychological crime thriller, on Aug 29 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2025/Aug/19/zee5-kannada-to-premiere-shodha-a-psychological-crime-thriller-on-aug-29 |access-date=2025-08-28 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Premise ==
Rohit, a sharp but ethically flexible lawyer, files a missing person report for his wife while she stands beside him. The case spirals into questions of memory and identity as Rohit insists the woman is an impostor. Pre-release coverage notes references to Kodava folklore and a psychological tone.

== Cast ==

* [[Pawan Kumar (director)|Pawan Kumar]] as Rohith
* [[Siri Ravikumar]] as Meera
* Anusha Ranganath<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shodha actor Anusha Ranganath: It's rare to get a strong and meaningful character |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/shodha-actor-anusha-ranganath-its-rare-to-get-a-strong-and-meaningful-character/dde0178fb4725 |access-date=2025-08-28 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Arun Sagar]]
* Diya Hegde
* [[Shweta Basu Prasad|Shwetha Prasad]]
* Ravi Hunsur
* [[Sapthami Gowda]]
* Gagan Chinnappa

== Production and release ==
KRG Studios, headed by Karthik Gowda and Yogi G. Raj, produced the series for ZEE5 as part of its line-up of Kannada originals.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharadhaa |first=A. |date=2025-08-07 |title=KRG Studios and ZEE5 back Kannada web series ''Shodha'', starring Pawan Kumar in the lead |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2025/Aug/07/kannadanews2025aug07krg-studios-and-zee5-back-kannada-web-series-shodha-starring-pawan-kumar-in-the-lead |access-date=2025-08-27 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Shodha was initially slated to premiere on 22 August 2025,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-15 |title='Shodha' trailer: In Kannada thriller series, a man is unable to recognise his wife |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1085559/shodha-trailer-in-kannada-thriller-series-a-man-is-unable-to-recognise-his-wife |access-date=2025-08-28 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-13 |title='Shodha' OTT Release: Find out when and where to watch filmmaker Pawan Kumar's starrer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/shodha-ott-release-find-out-when-and-where-to-watch-filmmaker-pawan-kumar-starrer/articleshow/123270996.cms |access-date=2025-08-28 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> but the release was pushed to 29 August 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joy |first=Prathibha |date=2025-08-19 |title=Pawan Kumar on ''Shodha'': I was drawn to the mind-games and manipulations the character, Rohit, offered |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/pawan-kumar-on-shodha-i-was-drawn-to-the-mind-games-and-manipulations-the-character-rohit-offered/4c8da987c1218 |access-date=2025-08-28 |website=OTTplay |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharadhaa |first=A. |date=2025-08-19 |title=ZEE5 Kannada to premiere ''Shodha'', a psychological crime thriller, on Aug 29 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2025/Aug/19/zee5-kannada-to-premiere-shodha-a-psychological-crime-thriller-on-aug-29 |access-date=2025-08-28 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Episodes ==
{{Episode table |background=#9C958E |overall= |title= |director= |airdate= |directorR= |writerR= |airdateR= |episodes={{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Meera Missing
|DirectedBy = Sunil Mysuru
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|08|29|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = At his birthday gathering, Rohith finds Meera missing and senses something is wrong.
|LineColor = #9C958E
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Who is She?
|DirectedBy = Sunil Mysuru
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|08|29|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = Rohith tests the woman claiming to be Meera, alarming those around him as his search only deepens the uncertainty.
|LineColor = #9C958E
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Drama
|DirectedBy = Sunil Mysuru
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|08|29|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = As Tara prepares for a play, tensions at home escalate and Rohith’s plan is upended by a disturbing discovery.
|LineColor = #9C958E
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = The Mask Man
|DirectedBy = Sunil Mysuru
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|08|29|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = A family round of “two truths and a lie” turns deadly as buried secrets begin to unravel.
|LineColor = #9C958E
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = The Confession
|DirectedBy = Sunil Mysuru
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|08|29|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = With police closing in, a confession changes the case while Rohith and Bhairava play a costly game.
|LineColor = #9C958E
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Not The End
|DirectedBy = Sunil Mysuru
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|08|29|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = The truth behind Meera’s disappearance emerges; time brings some healing but leaves questions unresolved.
|LineColor = #9C958E
}}
}}

== Reception ==
Prathibha Joy of [[HT Media|OTT Play]] gave the series a rating of 3/5, noting that "Shodha takes inspiration from the 2024 Hindi series, but has been redone nicely by fixing the plot holes of the original."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shodha series review: Khoj remake is a superior thriller with engaging narrative |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/shodha-series-review-khoj-remake-is-a-far-superior-thriller-with-an-engaging-and-logical-narrative/3a60a8e914521 |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> Chaithra Chidananda M of [[The Times of India]] rated it 4/5, writing that "Shodha is not just another suspense thriller, it’s a cleverly adapted story brought alive with powerful performances, emotional depth, and a gripping screenplay. For those who enjoy edge-of-the-seat narratives laced with sentiment and surprise, this original Kannada web series is an absolute must-watch."<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-08-29 |title=Shodha Review: A perfect blend of suspense, sentiment, and cinematic flair |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/kannada/shodha-review-a-perfect-blend-of-suspense-sentiment-and-cinematic-flair/articleshow/123569314.cms |access-date=2025-08-29 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Nandini Ramnath of [[Scroll.in]] observed that "Shodha feels like a movie chopped up into instalments. This device strings out the suspense a bit longer and helps savour the twists that start piling up in later episodes. The biggest spoiler is that there isn’t a spoiler, except that the show’s makers do a decent job but could have tried harder."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |date=2025-08-29 |title=‘Shodha’ review: A predictable thriller about a lawyer who refuses to accept his wife |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1085560/shodha-review-a-predictable-thriller-about-a-lawyer-who-refuses-to-accept-his-wife |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.zee5.com/web-series/details/shodha/0-6-4z5801041 Shodha] on [[ZEE5]]
* {{IMDb title|tt37845088}}

[[Category:2025 web series debuts]]
[[Category:Kannada-language web series]]
[[Category:Indian thriller television series]]
[[Category:ZEE5 original programming]]

Ahmed Shah's Mosque

2025-08-15T16:46:01Z

DinahFlo5043561: brief add lead per standard format further and fixed typos

{{Short description|Mosque in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India}}
{{about|the mosque erected by Ahmad Shah|the tomb of Ahmad Shah I|Ahmed Shah's Tomb}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox religious building
| building_name = Ahmad Shah's Mosque
| infobox_width =
| image = Ahmad Shah Mosque-ahmedabad-Gujarat-DSC001.jpg
| image_upright = 1.4
| alt =
| caption = The mosque in 2010
| map_type = India Ahmedabad
| map_size = 250
| map_relief = 1
| map_caption = Location in [[Ahmedabad]]
| location = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|23.0226366|72.5791077|region:IN-GR|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Islam]]
| rite =
| consecration_year =
| organisational_status = [[Mosque]]
| functional_status = Open for worship
| leadership =
| website =
| architect =
| architecture_type = {{nowrap|[[Mosque architecture]]}}
| architecture_style = [[Indo-Islamic architecture|Indo-Islamic]]
| founded_by = [[Ahmad Shah I]]
| funded_by =
| general_contractor =
| facade_direction =
| groundbreaking =
| year_completed = {{AH|817|link=yes}}
| construction_cost =
| specifications =
| capacity =
| length =
| width =
| width_nave =
| height_max =
| dome_quantity = 13 {{small|(maybe more)}}
| dome_height_outer =
| dome_height_inner =
| dome_dia_outer =
| dome_dia_inner =
| minaret_quantity = Two {{small|(since damaged)}}
| minaret_height =
| spire_quantity =
| spire_height =
| materials =
| designated =
| module = {{Infobox historic site
| embed = yes
| designation1 = MANI | designation1_offname = Ahmad Shah's Mosque | designation1_type = | designation1_criteria = | designation1_date = | delisted1_date = | designation1_partof = | designation1_number = N-GJ-4 | designation1_free1name = | designation1_free1value = | designation1_free2name = | designation1_free2value = | designation1_free3name = | designation1_free3value = }}
}}

The '''Ahmad Shah's Mosque''', also known as '''Shahi Jam-e-Masjid''' or '''Juni Juma Masjid''', completed in 1414, is the oldest mosque of [[Ahmedabad]], in the state of [[Gujarat]], [[India]]. The structure is a [[Monuments of National Importance (India)|Monument of National Importance]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_gujarat.asp|title=List of Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains of Gujarat |work=[[Archaeological Survey of India]] |date= |access-date=2016-11-18}}</ref>

==History and architecture==
[[File:Ahmed Shah's Mosque Ahmedabad 1866.jpg|thumb|The mosque in {{circa|1860s}}]]
The mosque was erected by the founder of Ahmedabad, [[Ahmad Shah I]], in 1414. It said to have been used as the royal household's private mosque. According to the inscription at the upper part of the central [[mihrab]], the foundation date seems to be the 4th day of Shawwal month in {{AH|817|link=yes}}, which is 17 December. The pavement is of white marble, the canopy covered pulpit has a yellow marble balustrade carved in a leafy pattern, and white marble steps. In the courtyard is a mound called ''Ganj Shahid'' or the martyrs' mound, the tomb of warriors who perished in Sultan Ahmed's early fights.<ref name=jk>{{cite book|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Ahmedabad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EL4IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA275|publisher=Government Central Press|page=276|year=1879}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name=dna>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-ahmed-shah-mosque-to-get-rs22-lakh-facelift-1606391|title=Ahmed Shah mosque to get Rs22 lakh facelift|date=2 November 2011|accessdate =14 December 2014|publisher=DNA}}</ref>

The mosque covers area of {{convert|700|m2}} and have two rows of ten large domes surrounded by several smaller domes. The mosque is supported by 152 pillars and have four arched gateways. There are eight perforated stone windows and 25 fine carved pillars.<ref name=dna/> The pillars inside the mosque were taken from Hindu/[[Jain temple|Jain]] temples, and some still possess Hindu figures. One pillar retains an inscription in [[Old Gujarati]] dated from 1252 from the reign of [[Vaghela dynasty|Vīsaladeva Vāghelā]], identifying its origin from a temple to Uttareśvara in Mahiṁsaka (an unidentified locality in North Gujarat).<ref name="jk" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hope |first=Theodore C. |title=Architecture at Ahmadabad: The Capital of Goozerat |publisher=John Murray |year=1866 |pages=40 |chapter=Description of the Buildings at Ahmedabad}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Commissariat |first=M. S. |title=A History of Gujarat: Including a Survey of its Chief Architectural Monuments and Inscriptions |publisher=Longmans, Greene, and Co. Ltd. |year=1938 |volume=I |pages=106–107}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sankalia |first=Hasmukh D. |title=Studies in the Historical and Cultural Geography and Ethnography of Gujarat |publisher=Deccan College |year=1949 |pages=194}}</ref>

The mosque was restored in 2011 by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] at cost of {{INRconvert|22|l}}.<ref name=dna/>

==Gallery ==
<gallery>
AHMEDSHAH MOSQUE.jpg|The mosque and reservoir reflection, in 2018
Carved Piller at Ahmed Shah Mosque - Ahmedabad - Gujarat DSC001.jpg|Carved pillar
Jali Work at Ahmed Shah Mosque - Ahmedabad - Gujarat DSC004.jpg|Lattice work
Jali Work at Ahmed Shah Mosque - Ahmedabad - Gujarat DSC005.jpg|Inside lattice work
Outer View of Doms of Ahmed Shah Mosque - Ahmedabad - Gujarat DSC003.jpg|Outer view of the domes
Jali Work at Ahmed Shah Mosque - Ahmedabad - Gujarat DSC001.jpg|Lattice work in windows of tomb
Jali Work at Ahmed Shah Mosque - Ahmedabad - Gujarat DSC002.jpg|Lattice work
Jali Work at Ahmed Shah Mosque - Ahmedabad - Gujarat DSC003.jpg|Lattice work
Ahmed Shah Mosque (11071398385).jpg|Hindoo pillars
Ahmad Shah's Mosque pillar inscription.png|Pillar containing Vaghela-era inscription
Ahmad Shah's Mosque pillars.png|Pillars bearing figures and motifs
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{stack|{{portal|India|Islam}}}}
* [[Islam in India]]
* [[List of mosques in India]]
* [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Gujarat]]
* [[Oldest mosques|Oldest mosque in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category-inline}}

{{Mosques in India}}

[[Category:15th-century mosques in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1414]]
[[Category:Gujarat Sultanate mosques]]
[[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Mosque buildings with domes in India]]
[[Category:Mosque buildings with minarets in India]]
[[Category:Mosques completed in the 1410s]]
[[Category:Mosques in Ahmedabad]]

Thondaimandala Vellalar

2025-07-07T00:03:05Z

DinahFlo5043561: added new post

{{Short description| Subcate of Vellalar caste in Tamil Nadu, South India}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
'''Thondaimandala Vellalar''' is a high-ranking [[Caste system in India|subcaste]] of the [[Vellalar]] caste in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]], India who tend, to adopt the title of ''[[Mudaliar]]''{{sfnp|Gough|1982|p=19|ps=}} and they were traditional "landlords and officials of the state class" described by the anthropologist [[Kathleen Gough]].{{sfnp|Gough|1982|pp=vii, 358|ps=}} They are a closely knit community and follow the Vegetarian diet. Thondaimandalam Mudaliars / Vellalars are progressive and prosperous in the society and they are remarkably advanced in the matter of education<ref>{{Cite book |title=Census Book of India 1961 |publisher=The Director of stationery and Printing, Madras. |year=1961 |volume=9 North Arcot District |location=Madras |pages=31 |language=Tamil |chapter=3}}</ref>

==Background==

Susan Neild notes the [[Kondaikatti Vellalar]], Thondai Mandala Saiva Vellalar / Saiva Mudaliyar as being the "predominant" subcastes of the Thondamandala Vellala.{{sfnp|Neild|1979|ps=}}{{efn|[[Susan Bayly]] has noted of the Vellalar communities generally that "they were never a tighly-knit community ... In the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries Vellala affiliation was a vague and uncertain as that of most other south Indian caste groups. Vellala identity was certainly thought of as a source of prestige, but for that very reason there were any number of groups who sought to claim Vellala status for themselves".{{sfnp|Bayly|2004|p=411|ps=}}}}They practice [[endogamy]] and have a least two subgroups themselves, being the higher-status Melnadu and the lower-ranked Kilnadu.{{sfnp|Gough|1982|p=25|ps=}}

According to [[Burton Stein]], She noted a link between the Thondaimandala Vellalar and the [[Vokkaliga#Morasu Vokkaliga|Morasu Vokkaliga]]s of Bangalore and [[Kolar district|Kolar]] based on geographical proximity although two communities are distinct.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Peasant State and Society in Medieval South India|last=Stein|first=Burton|date=1980|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4SsKAQAAIAAJ&q=Gangadikara+peasantry+of+Gangavadi+|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=319|location=Delhi|isbn=978-0-19-563507-2}}:”The Gangadikara peasantry of Gangavadi appears to have been more significantly linked to the Kongu peasantry to the south than to peasant peoples in the central and northern parts of medieval Karnataka. Similarly, the Marasu Vokkaligas of eastern Bangalore and central and southern Kolar districts appear to have been linked to Tondaimandalam”</ref>

In her study concentrated on two villages in 1951-53, [[Kathleen Gough]] noted the Thondamandala Vellala subjects there to have been traditionally "landlords, warriors, and officials of the state class". She thought it likely that they had moved to their present area in [[Thanjavur]] around the 15th century when the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagaras]] were making incursions on their former heartland of [[Kanchipuram]] in the [[Pallava Empire|Pallava country]]. She noted those households studied as being the highest-ranked members of the village community after the [[Brahmin]]s, and possibly to have in some cases increased their wealth and land by being appointed as revenue collectors for the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] when it took over the area in the period after 1780.{{sfnp|Gough|1982|pp=vii, 358|ps=}}

== References ==
'''Notes'''
{{notelist}}
'''Citations'''
{{reflist}}

'''Bibliography'''
*{{cite book |title=Saints, Goddesses and Kings: Muslims and Christians in South Indian Society, 1700-1900 |first=Susan |last=Bayly |author-link=Susan Bayly |publisher=Cambridge University Press |orig-date=1989 |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-52189-103-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fxqtx8SflEsC}}
*{{cite book |last=Gough|first=Kathleen|author-link=Kathleen Gough|title=Rural Society in South East Asia|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1982|isbn=978-0-52104-019-8}}
*{{cite journal |last=Neild |first=Susan M. |title=Colonial Urbanism: The Development of Madras City in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=13 |issue=2 |year=1979 |pages=217–246 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X00008301 |jstor=312124}}
{{Portal|Tamils|India|Hinduism}}

[[Category:Social groups of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Vellalar clans]]

Devi Adi Parashakti

2025-05-29T04:01:43Z

DinahFlo5043561: added references

#REDIRECT [[Dangal (TV channel)]]

Parthasarathi Bhattacharya

2025-05-13T18:54:16Z

DinahFlo5043561: adding new stub

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1986)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2016}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Parthasarathi Bhattacharya
| image =
| country = India
| fullname = Parthasarathi Asutosh Bhattacharya
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1986|8|27|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]], Bengal
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nickname =
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm fast-medium
| role = Batter

| club1 = [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]
| year1 = {{nowrap|2011/12–2015/16}}
| date = 4 April 2016
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/433355.html Cricinfo
}}
'''Parthasarathi Asutosh Bhattacharya''' (born 27 August 1986) is an Indian [[cricket]]er who played for [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]] in five first-class matches between 2011/12 and 2015/16. Born in [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]], he batted right-handed and could bowl fast medium pace if needed.<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/12/12774/12774.html Parthasarathi Bhattacharya]</ref> His name is spelled Bhattacharya but one source has Bhattacharjee.<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/433355.html |title=Parthasarathi Bhattacharjee |accessdate=4 April 2016 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhattacharya, Parthasarathi}}
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Bengal cricketers]]
[[Category:People from Hooghly district]]
[[Category:Cricketers from West Bengal]]

{{India-cricket-bio-1986-stub}}