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Super Singh

2026-05-05T09:40:11Z

Digitalcreator: made some bio needs work

{{short description|2017 film directed by Anurag Singh}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}

{{Infobox film
| name = Super Singh
| image = Super Singh - Poster.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Anurag Singh (director)|Anurag Singh]]
| producer = {{Plainlist|
*[[Shobha Kapoor]]
*[[Ekta Kapoor]]
*Anurag Singh
*[[Pawan Gill]]
*[[Aman Gill]]}}
| writer = Anurag Singh
| screenplay = [[Dheeraj Rattan]] Anurag Singh
| story =
| based_on =
| starring = [[Diljit Dosanjh]] [[Sonam Bajwa]] [[Pavan Malhotra]]
| narrator =
| music = [[Jatinder Shah]]
| cinematography = Anshul Chobey
| editing = Manish More
| studio = [[Balaji Motion Pictures]] Brat Films
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2017|06|16|df=y}}
| runtime = 155 minutes<ref>{{cite web |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/hyderabad/movies/super-singh/ET00052362 |title=Super Singh |publisher=Book My Show |access-date=4 September 2017 |archive-date=4 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904110839/https://in.bookmyshow.com/hyderabad/movies/super-singh/ET00052362 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| country =
| language = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi/Hindi]]
| budget =  
| gross = 
}}

'''''Super Singh''''' is a 2017 Indian [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]-language [[Superhero film|superhero]] [[action comedy film]] written and directed by [[Anurag Singh (director)|Anurag Singh]]. It has main starrings of actors [[Diljit Dosanjh]], [[Sonam Bajwa]] and Alexandra Bandean. The film is a mix of comedy and action. It was filmed in [[Montreal]], Canada, and in India. Super Singh was released worldwide on 16 June 2017. It marked the fifth collaboration between Diljit Dosanjh and director Anurag Singh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/super-singh-review-round-up-diljit-dosanjh-manages-to-tickle-funny-bone-with-superhero-act-3706947.html |title=Super Singh review round up: Diljit Dosanjh manages to tickle funny bone with superhero act |work=First Post |date=17 June 2017 |access-date=4 September 2017 |archive-date=4 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904151145/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/super-singh-review-round-up-diljit-dosanjh-manages-to-tickle-funny-bone-with-superhero-act-3706947.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Plot==

''Super Singh'' is the story of Sajjan Singh ([[Diljit Dosanjh]]), a Punjabi man who resides in Canada with his mother. Circumstances bring him back to his hometown in Punjab, where he accidentally attains superpowers and sets off on a path of self realisation.

Initially, in Canada, Sajjan is a spoilt guy who only wanted to seek pleasure and wants to impress his love (a girl from Canada) but is secretly loved by his childhood friend. When her mother comes to Canada accidentally exchanges the turban with a guy trying to escape death...when Sajjan, who renamed himself Sam just to mix with foreigners, tries to impress Cathy through a game of rugby but is feared that he will be beaten up by her boyfriend in the game. Sajjan, not realizing first, strangely beats them and finds that he has got some super powers.

After days of trying to find out the cause of his power, it finally came that lasted only one day when he was going to cut his hair for Cathy and realises with the help of his friend happy that a turban was the cause of his power. He then decided to stop thinking of Cathy as she finds his culture inferior and helps others to realise all who Singh's are and thus becomes Super Singh.
After many incidents and struggles, he defeats a fake guru, the Dass and saves Shree Darbar Sahib from a missile fired by Dass. Then after saving the day, he meets a fake looking web slinger and gossips with him a lot and finds out that it was an actor (played by [[Sharry Mann]] himself) who was just acting out for some reasons.

==Cast==

* [[Diljit Dosanjh]] as Sajjan Singh/ Sam/ Super Singh
* [[Sonam Bajwa]] as Twinkle
* [[Pavan Malhotra]] as Saint
* [[Rana Ranbir]]
* Alexandra Bandean as Cathy
* Meherban Singh
* Navnindra Behl
* Alexandre Brassard
* Survinder Vicky
* [[Sharry Mann]], guest appearance as [[Spider-Man]]

==Development==

According to [[Diljit Dosanjh]], the idea to make a Punjabi superhero film came to him after the release of ''[[Jatt and Juliet]]'' in the year 2012 when he saw an image of himself superimposed on the body of Superman by someone on the internet.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/super-singh-actor-diljit-dosanjh-desi-is-wannabe-pendu-is-the-real-swag-4708760/ |title=Super Singh actor Diljit Dosanjh: Desi is wannabe, Pendu is the real swag |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=18 June 2017 |access-date=4 September 2017 |archive-date=4 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904110853/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/super-singh-actor-diljit-dosanjh-desi-is-wannabe-pendu-is-the-real-swag-4708760/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Due to the expensive budget of the film, it took Diljit and [[Anurag Singh (director)|Anurag Singh]], the director of the film, nearly two years to find a Producer for the movie. It was only after [[Ekta Kapoor]]'s [[Balaji Motion Pictures]] came on board as a Producer was this project given the green light.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/why-diljit-dosanjh-is-crediting-a-troll-for-the-idea-of-his-film-super-singh-1709944 |title=Why Diljit Dosanjh Is Crediting A Troll for the Idea of His Film Super Singh |publisher=[[NDTV]] |access-date=4 September 2017 |archive-date=4 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904111124/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/why-diljit-dosanjh-is-crediting-a-troll-for-the-idea-of-his-film-super-singh-1709944 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Super Singh'' marks the fifth collaboration of actor Diljit Dosanjh and director Anurag Singh after ''[[Jatt & Juliet]]'', ''[[Jatt & Juliet 2]]'', ''[[Punjab 1984]]'' and ''[[Disco Singh]]'', and is the maiden Punjabi production of [[Ekta Kapoor]]. The first look of the film was unveiled by [[Balaji Motion Pictures]] on 17 January 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/diljit-dosanjh-to-star-in-ekta-kapoor-s-punjabi-superhero-film/story-nUy3nZ4FWE8PEsOiKpYggO.html |title=Diljit Dosanjh to star in Ekta Kapoor's Punjabi superhero film |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=17 January 2017 |access-date=4 September 2017 |archive-date=4 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904112525/http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/diljit-dosanjh-to-star-in-ekta-kapoor-s-punjabi-superhero-film/story-nUy3nZ4FWE8PEsOiKpYggO.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==

{{Infobox album
| name = Super Singh
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Jatinder Shah]]
| cover =
| caption =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2017|6|5}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/super-singh-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/id1244653067 |title=Super Singh (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |publisher=[[iTunes Store]] |access-date=4 September 2017 |archive-date=25 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171125155112/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/super-singh-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/id1244653067 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 14:50
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

The soundtrack of ''Super Singh'' was composed by [[Jatinder Shah]]. The lyrics were written by Ranbir Singh & [[Veet Baljit]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Km_xTS6QMmE |title=Super Singh – Full Movie Audio Jukebox |date=5 June 2017 |publisher=YouTube |access-date=4 September 2017 |archive-date=28 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128120321/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Km_xTS6QMmE |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = {{Duration|m=14|s=50}}
| title1 = Hawa Vich
| extra1 = [[Diljit Dosanjh]] & [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]
| lyrics1 = Ranbir Singh
| length1 = 03:50
| music1 = [[Jatinder Shah]]
| title2 = Kalliyan Kulliyan
| extra2 = Diljit Dosanjh
| lyrics2 = [[Veet Baljit]]
| length2 = 03:24
| music2 = [[Jatinder Shah]]
| title3 = Ho Gaya Talli
| extra3 = Diljit Dosanjh
| lyrics3 = Veet Baljit
| length3 = 02:11
| music3 = [[Jatinder Shah]]
| title4 = Glorious Gallan
| extra4 = Diljit Dosanjh
| lyrics4 = Ranbir Singh
| length4 = 03:03
| music4 = [[Jatinder Shah]]
| title5 = Super Singh Ji Aaye Aa
| extra5 = Traditional Singers
| lyrics5 = Ranbir Singh
| length5 = 02:26
| music5 = [[Jatinder Shah]]
}}

==Reception==

===Box office===

The film opened at around 1100 screens worldwide. Widest for a Punjabi film. It was released alongside ''[[Cars 3]]'' (in India) and ''[[Bank Chor]]''.<ref name="forbes1">[https://www.forbes.com/sites/dongroves/2017/06/18/indian-b-o-slow-start-for-cars-3-while-punjab-comedy-super-singh-beats-bank-chor/?c=0&s=trending#1cb6a3761365 Indian B.O.: Slow Start For 'Cars 3' While Punjab Comedy 'Super Singh' Beats 'Bank-Chor'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007122515/https://www.forbes.com/sites/dongroves/2017/06/18/indian-b-o-slow-start-for-cars-3-while-punjab-comedy-super-singh-beats-bank-chor/?c=0&s=trending#1cb6a3761365 |date=7 October 2017 }}. Forbes.com. Retrieved on 1 November 2017.</ref>

===Critical reception===

Divya Pal of [[News18]] praised the performance of [[Diljit Dosanjh]], giving it a rating of 2.5 stars out of 5 and saying, "Director Singh deserves credit for thinking different, aiming high to surprise viewers, but this time out, it doesn't quite come together. The reason? There is no freshness in the script. All in all, predictable plot and safe script, dilutes the impact of the film."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.news18.com/news/movies/super-singh-movie-review-it-is-watchable-because-of-diljit-dosanjhs-performance-1436369.html |title=Super Singh Movie Review: It is Watchable Because of Diljit Dosanjh's Performance |date=21 June 2017 |publisher=[[News18]] |access-date=4 September 2017 |archive-date=4 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904110214/http://www.news18.com/news/movies/super-singh-movie-review-it-is-watchable-because-of-diljit-dosanjhs-performance-1436369.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Manjusha Radhakrishnan of [[Gulf News]] gave the film a rating of 2 stars out of 5, and said, "While it's sweet at first, it gets cloyingly virtuous toward the second half. A predictable story line and stereotypical villains make it a tedious watch."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gulfnews.com/tabloid/film/super-singh-film-review-1.2044173 |title=Super Singh film review |work=[[Gulf News]] |date=15 June 2017 |access-date=4 September 2017 |archive-date=4 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904110552/http://gulfnews.com/tabloid/film/super-singh-film-review-1.2044173 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[The Hindustan Times]] gave the film a rating of 2 stars out of 5, saying, "Diljit comes across as somewhat anxious in his efforts to woo audiences in his new avatar. The performance lacks the effortlessness of Udta Punjab. The special effects are cringe-worthy, and when Diljit flies, he looks like Ashok Kumar marching across the army base in a comatose condition in Manoj Kumar's Clerk."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/super-singh-movie-review-diljit-dosanjh-s-superhero-is-no-king/story-q4ZJzf4kKW731h8IU9uMYM.html |title=Super Singh movie review: Diljit Dosanjh's superhero is no king |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=18 June 2017 |access-date=4 September 2017 |archive-date=4 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904105505/http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/super-singh-movie-review-diljit-dosanjh-s-superhero-is-no-king/story-q4ZJzf4kKW731h8IU9uMYM.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Jyoti Sharma Bawa of [[The Indian Express]] praised the humour of the film saying, "Diljit Dosanjh film is a goofball comedy and a superhero caper all rolled into one. What it lacks in script and CGI, it more than makes up in jokes and Diljit's easy charm." and gave the film a rating of 3 stars out of 5.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/super-singh-movie-review-diljit-dosanjh-star-rating-4707117/ |title=Super Singh movie review: Diljit Dosanjh superhero is powered by jokes |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=16 June 2017 |access-date=16 June 2017 |archive-date=16 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616104649/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/super-singh-movie-review-diljit-dosanjh-star-rating-4707117/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|5891348|Super Singh}}

{{Anurag Singh (director)}}

[[Category:Punjabi-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2010s superhero films]]
[[Category:2017 Punjabi-language films]]
[[Category:Films about Indian Canadians]]
[[Category:Films scored by Jatinder Shah]]
[[Category:Films set in Canada]]
[[Category:Films set in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:2017 Indian films]]
[[Category:2010s superhero films]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy films]]
[[Category:Balaji Motion Pictures films]]
[[Category:Films about Sikhism]]
[[Category:Films directed by Anurag Singh]]
[[Category:2017 action comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian superhero films]]

Alathur Assembly constituency

2026-05-04T09:59:02Z

Digitalcreator: Started

{{Short description|Constituency of the Kerala legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Alathur
| type = SLA
| loksabha_cons = [[Alathur Lok Sabha constituency|Alathur]]
| state = Kerala
| constituency_no = 60
| map_image = NH 544, Alathur.jpg
| map_caption = [[National Highway 544 (India)|NH 544]] at [[Alathur]] town.
| established = 1957
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:165294}} (2016)
| mla = T. M. Sasi
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| alliance = {{legend2|#ED1C24|'''[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]'''|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| latest_election_year = [[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| district = [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]]
}}
'''Alathur State assembly constituency''' is one of the 140 [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies in [[Kerala]] in southern [[India]]. It is also one of the seven [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies included in [[Alathur Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/pdf/03-DELIMITATION/03-DELIMITED-LAC.pdf
|website = ceo.kerala.gov.in
|title = State Assembly Constituencies in Kerala
|access-date = 11 October 2019
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191012075808/http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/pdf/03-DELIMITATION/03-DELIMITED-LAC.pdf
|archive-date = 12 October 2019
|url-status = dead
}}</ref> As of the [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021 Assembly elections]], the current MLA is [[K. D. Prasenan]] of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]].

==Local self-governed segments==
Alathur Assembly constituency is composed of the following local self-governed segments:<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/palakkad.html
|website = ceo.kerala.gov.in
|title = Local Self Governments in Assembly Constituencies of Palakkad District
|access-date = 11 October 2019
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190903213246/http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/palakkad.html
|archive-date = 3 September 2019
|url-status = dead
}}</ref>
{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
! width="100px" | Name
! width="130px" | Status ([[Gram panchayat|grama panchayat]]/[[municipality]])
! width="100px" | [[Tehsil|Taluk]]
|-
| [[Alathur]]
| Grama panchayat
| [[Alathur#Panchayats in Alathur Taluk|Alathur]]
|-
| [[Erimayur]]
| Grama panchayat
| [[Alathur#Panchayats in Alathur Taluk|Alathur]]
|-
| [[Kizhakkancherry|Kizhakkanchery]]
| Grama Panchayat
| [[Alathur#Panchayats in Alathur Taluk|Alathur]]
|-
| [[Kuzhalmannam (gram panchayat)|Kuzhalmannam]]
| Grama panchayat
| [[Alathur#Panchayats in Alathur Taluk|Alathur]]
|-
| [[Melarcode]]
| Grama panchayat
| [[Alathur#Panchayats in Alathur Taluk|Alathur]]
|-
| [[Thenkurissi (gram panchayat)|Thenkurissi]]
| Grama panchayat
| [[Alathur#Panchayats in Alathur Taluk|Alathur]]
|-
| [[Vandazhy (gram panchayat)|Vandazhi]]
| Grama panchayat
| [[Alathur#Panchayats in Alathur Taluk|Alathur]]
|}

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
The following list contains all members of [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] who have represented Alathur Niyamasabha Constituency during the period of various assemblies:<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/assemblypolls/kerala/alathur-assembly-constituency-map.html
|website = mapsofindia.com
|title = Members of Kerala Legislative Assembly: Alathur
}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Niyama Sabha
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
!Tenure
!Majority
|-
| [[1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| 1st
| rowspan="4" |R. Krishnan
| {{Party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}
| 1957–1960
|5,886
|-
| [[1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1960]]
| 2nd
| 1960–1965
|9,224
|-
| [[1967 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| 3rd
| {{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=6}}
| 1967–1970
|12,407
|-
| [[1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1970]]
| 4th
| 1970–1977
|16,458
|-
| [[1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| 5th
| [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]]
| 1977–1980
|1,999
|-
| [[1980 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| 6th
| rowspan="2" |C. T. Krishnan
| 1980–1982
|5,982
|-
| [[1982 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
| 7th
| 1982–1987
|11,314
|-
| [[1987 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
| 8th
| C. K. Rajendran
| 1987–1991
|1,211
|-
| [[1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| 9th
| A. V. Gopinathan
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| 1991–1996
|338
|-
| [[1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| 10th
| C. K. Rajendran
| {{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=7}}
| 1996–2001
|12,166
|-
| [[2001 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| 11th
| [[V. Chenthamarakshan]]
| 2001–2006
|12,505
|-
| [[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| 12th
| rowspan="2" |[[M. Chandran (politician)|M. Chandran]]
| 2006–2011
|47,671
|-
| [[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| 13th
| 2011–2016
|24,741
|-
| [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| 14th
| rowspan="2" | [[K. D. Prasenan]]
| 2016–2021
|36,060
|-
|2021
|15th
|2021-2026
|34,118
|-
|2026
|16th
|[[T. M. Sasi]]
|[[Incumbent]]
|
|}

==Election results==
Percentage change (±%) denotes the change in the number of votes from the immediate previous election.

===2026===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Alathur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = CPI(M)
|candidate = [[T. M. Sasi]]
|votes = 61,564
|percentage = 45.86
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=K. M. Febin|votes=53,011|percentage=39.49|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=BJP|candidate=K. V. Prasanna Master|votes=17,347|percentage=12.92|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=1,071|percentage=0.8|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 8,553
|percentage = 6.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=134,229|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|Kerala Legislative Assembly election, 2021]]: [[Alathur]]}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[K. D. Prasenan]]|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|votes=74,653|percentage=55.15|change={{decrease}}.4%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Palayam Pradeep|party=Indian National Congress|votes=40,535|percentage=29.94|change={{increase}}2.6%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Prasanth Sivan|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=18,115|percentage=13.56|change={{decrease}}1.68%}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Chandran|votes=699|percentage=0.52|change={{decrease}}0.27%}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Rajesh.M|votes=347|percentage=0.26|change=-}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=783|percentage=0.58|change={{decrease}}0.26%}}
{{Election box majority||votes=34,118|percentage=25.2|change={{decrease}}2.82%}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,35,366|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
There were {{formatnum:165294}} registered voters in Alathur Constituency for the 2016 election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2016, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2016|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>

{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Alathur]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=[[K. D. Prasenan]]|votes=71,206|percentage=55.35%|change={{decrease}}2.37%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Kerala Congress (Mani)|candidate=K. Kusalakumar|votes=35,146|percentage=27.32%|change={{decrease}}9.08%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=M. P. Sreekumar|votes=19,610|percentage=15.24%|change={{increase}}10.53%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=1,076|percentage=0.84%|change=-}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Krishnankutty K.|votes=1,010|percentage=0.79%|change={{decrease}}0.39%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Krishnankutty Kunissery|votes=326|percentage=0.25%|change=-}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=M. Rajesh|votes=265|percentage=0.21%|change=-}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 36,060
|percentage = 28.03%
|change ={{increase}}6.71
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,28,639|percentage=77.82%|change={{increase}}1.89}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|loser = Kerala Congress (Mani)
|swing ={{decrease}}2.37
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2011 ===
There were {{formatnum:152827}} registered voters in the constituency for the 2011 election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2011, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3763-kerala-2011|access-date=11 March 2020|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>

{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Alathur]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=M. Chandran|votes=66,977|percentage=57.72%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Kerala Congress (Mani)|candidate=K. Kusalakumar|votes=42,236|percentage=36.40%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=K .A. Sulaiman|votes=5,460|percentage=4.71%|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=P .D. Paulose|votes=1,372|percentage=1.18%|change=}}

{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 24,741
|percentage = 21.32%
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,16,045|percentage=75.93%|change=}}{{Election box new seat win|winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}

{{Election box end}}

=== 2006 ===
There were 157,841 registered voters in the constituency for the 2006 election.

{{Election box begin | title=[[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Alathur]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=M. Chandran|votes=73,231|percentage=65.61%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Democratic Indira Congress (Karunakaran)|candidate=A. Raghavan|votes=25,560|percentage=22.90%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=G. Salprakash|votes=6,885|percentage=6.17%|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=M. T. Chandran|votes=1,869|percentage=1.67%|change=}}

{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 47,671
|percentage = 42.70%
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,11,629|percentage=70.72%|change=}}
{{Election box|winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}

{{Election box end}}

=== 2001 ===
There were 154,832 registered voters in the constituency for the 2001 election.

{{Election box begin | title=[[2001 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Alathur]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Chenthamarakshan|votes=59,485|percentage=52.92%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=R. Chellama|votes=46,980|percentage=41.80%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Harigovidan|votes=5,937|percentage=5.28%|change=}}

{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 12,505
|percentage = 11.12%
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,12,447|percentage=72.83%|change=}}{{Election box|winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}

{{Election box end}}

=== 1996 ===
There were 146,774 registered voters in the constituency for the 1996 election.
{{Election box begin | title=[[1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Alathur]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=C. K. Rajendran|votes=53,763|percentage=53.25%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=R. Chellama|votes=41,597|percentage=41.20%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=P. Krishankutty|votes=3,313|percentage=3.28%|change=}}

{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 12,166
|percentage = 12.05%
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,02,725|percentage=69.98%|change=}}{{Election box|winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}

{{Election box end}}

=== 1991 ===
There were 136,727 registered voters in the constituency for the 1991 election.{{Election box begin | title=[[1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Alathur]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=A. V. Gopinathan|votes=49,512|percentage=48.87%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=V Sukumaran Master|votes=49,174|percentage=48.53%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=N Bhagyalakshmi|votes=2,009|percentage=1.98%|change=}}

{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 338
|percentage = 0.34%
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,01,324|percentage=74.92%|change=}}{{Election box|winner=Indian National Congress}}

{{Election box end}}

=== 1987 ===
There were 116,246 registered voters in the constituency for the 1987 election.
{{Election box begin | title=[[1987 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Alathur]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=C. K. Rajendran|votes=44,381|percentage=49.77%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=C. S. Ramachandran Master|votes=43,170|percentage=48.41%|change=}}

{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 1,211
|percentage = 1.36%
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=89,176|percentage=77.77%|change=}}{{Election box|winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}

{{Election box end}}

=== 1982 ===
There were 95,522 registered voters in the constituency for the 1982 election.
{{Election box begin | title=[[1982 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Alathur]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=C T Krishnan|votes=39,982|percentage=56.96%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=C K Balakrishnan|votes=28,668|percentage=40.84%|change=}}

{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 11,314
|percentage = 16.12%
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=70,192|percentage=74.28%|change=}}{{Election box|winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}

{{Election box end}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!''Year''
! ''Winner''
!''Party''
!''Votes''
! ''Runner up''
!''Party''
!''Votes''
!''Margin''
|-
|''1980''
|'''C. T. Krishnan'''
|CPM
|36,244
|K. P. Kaladharan
|IND
|30,262
|5,982
|-
|1977
|'''[[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]]'''
|CPM
|31,424
|V. S. Vijayaraghavan
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|29,425
|1,999
|-
|1970
|'''R. Krishnan'''
|CPM
|34,193
|P. M. Adulrahiman
|IND
|17,735
|16,458
|-
|1967
|'''R.Krishnan'''
|CPM
|25,467
|Sarada
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|
|
|-
|1965
|'''R.Krishnan'''
|CPM
|26,328
|A. Narayanan
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|12,472
|13,856
|-
|1960
|'''R. Krishnan'''
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|31,159
|A. Sunna Sahib
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|21,935
|9,224
|-
|1957
|'''Krishnan R.'''
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|19,203
|Vaitheeswara Iyer P. S.
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|13,317
|5,886
|}

=== 1952 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Alathur]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Krishnan |party=Communist Party of India |votes=37,042 |percentage=30.51% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=O. Koran |party=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes=23,181 |percentage=19.09% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Y. R. Ramanatha Iyer |party=Independent politician |votes=15,994 |percentage=13.17% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=E. Eacharan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,033 |percentage=11.56% |change=11.56% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. C. Pazhanimala |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,706 |percentage=11.29% |change=11.29% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=C. H. Koruman |party=Independent politician |votes=5,024 |percentage=4.14% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Chathan |party=Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes=4,671 |percentage=3.85% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. C. Sukumaran |party=Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes=4,394 |percentage=3.62% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Sankunny Nair |party=Independent politician |votes=3,372 |percentage=2.78% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,861 |percentage=11.42% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,21,417 |percentage=94.38% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,28,651 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Communist Party of India |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Alathur]]
* [[Palakkad district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
* [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Kerala Assembly Constituencies}}
{{coord|10.65|76.55|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Kerala]]
[[Category:State assembly constituencies in Palakkad district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Kerala]]

Ninnindale

2026-05-01T03:59:49Z

Digitalcreator: Starting A Pg

{{short description|2014 Indian Kannada romantic comedy-drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ninnindale
| image = Ninnindale.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Jayanth C. Paranjee]]
| writer = M S Ramesh [dialogue]
| screenplay = E Gowri Shankar Jayanth C. Paranjee
| story = Bhupathi Raja Jayanth C Paranjee
| producer = [[Vijay Kiragandur]]
| editing = [[Marthand K. Venkatesh]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2014|1|16}}
| runtime = 140 minutes
| cinematography = [[P. G. Vinda]]
| language = Kannada
| studio = [[Hombale Films]]
| music = [[Mani Sharma]]
| country = India
| starring = [[Puneeth Rajkumar]] [[Erica Fernandes]]
}}
'''''Ninnindale''''' ({{Translation|Because of you}}) is a 2014 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romance film|romantic]] [[comedy drama film]] directed by [[Jayanth C. Paranjee]], in his directorial debut in [[Kannada cinema]], and produced by Vijay Kirgandur under [[Hombale Films]]. The film's title is inspired by the track called ''Ninnindale'' from Puneeth Rajkumar's earlier film ''[[Milana (film)|Milana]]''.<ref name="Puneeth's Ninnindale launched">Muthanna, Anjali (14 August 2013) [https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213347/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-14/news-interviews/41408639_1_puneeth-rajkumar-ninnindale-next-film Puneeth's Ninnindale launched]. Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved on 19 February 2014.</ref> It stars [[Puneeth Rajkumar]] and [[Erica Fernandes]], alongside [[Vinayak Joshi]], [[Sonia Deepti]], [[All Ok]], [[Sadhu Kokila]], Avinash Sringeri, [[Thilak Shekar]], [[Bramhanandam]] and [[Shankar Melkote]]. The music was composed by [[Mani Sharma]], while cinematography and editing were handled by [[P. G. Vinda]] and [[Marthand K. Venkatesh]].

''Ninnindale'' was released on 16 January 2014 to mixed reviews from critics.

==Plot==
Vicky Venkatesh is from a rich Indian family based in [[New York City|New York]]. He is an adventurous person and is having fun with his friends like a perfect youth would do. Pramila is new to New York, where she gets humiliated at an interview being an Indian. She gets cheered up by Vicky and his friends and also becomes their squad member. Pramila and Vicky go [[Backpacking (hiking)|trekking]] and [[Parachuting|sky diving]] together. When their adventure ends, Vicky embraces Pramila and the photos are published in [[magazines|local magazines]]. Pramila feels a strange bond towards Vicky.

One night when Vicky and Pramila are attacked by some goons, she confesses her love to Vicky, but Vicky refuses her proposal and promises to find her a suitable groom. A [[roller coaster]] ride of meeting and refusing grooms ensues, where one of them named Sachin, a police officer, embarrasses Pramila by their photograph in magazines. Pramila becomes sure that Vicky would eventually accept her. Pramila's old friend Ashok arrives in NY where he starts to woo Pramila. It is revealed that Vicky had learnt about Ashok and called him to NY to woo Pramila. Pramila learns about this, which breaks all her hope. She feels devastated and starts to ignore Vicky.

Vicky feels the void left by Pramila and feels lonely. His friend Nandu tells him that he understood the love of Pramila and wants him to accept her proposal. Vicky meets Pramila, but she gets hit by a car when she crosses the road. At the hospital, Vicky and Pramila confess their love. After their marriage Vicky comments that he would never kiss her again as his first kiss punished him with marriage. Vicky starts to work in his family business.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Puneeth Rajkumar]] as Vicky Venkatesh
* [[Erica Fernandes]] as Pramila
* [[Sadhu Kokila]] as Lucky
* Avinash Sringeri as Ashok
* [[Vinayak Joshi]] as Vicky's friend
* [[Sonia Deepti]] as Vicky's friend
* [[All Ok]] as Papu
* Shivarudra Naik
* [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] as Venkatesh
* Prathap
* [[Srinivas Prabhu]]
* [[Sihi Kahi Chandru]] as Pramila's father
* Nirmal G Khona
* [[Tulasi (actress)|Tulasi]] as Lakshmi Venkatesh
* [[Achyuth Kumar]] as Santhosh Anand
* [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]] as Mallika
* [[Thilak Shekar]] as Sachin from New York Police Department
* [[Bramhanandam]] as Sachin from New York Plumbing Department
* [[Shankar Melkote]] as Kumaraswamy
{{colend}}

==Production==
[[Jayanth C. Paranjee]] initially unsuccessfully attempted to cast Malvika Raaj as the lead actress.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/in-her-happy-space/article19140275.ece|title=In her happy space|work=[[The Hindu]]|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250817085834/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/in-her-happy-space/article19140275.ece|archive-date=17 August 2025|access-date=30 April 2026}}</ref> The film script being a new generation romantic story was shot in [[New York City]] thus marking Puneeth's first long time schedule shot at a foreign locale.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-12-13 |title=Exotic locations and fancy cars in Ninnindale |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/exotic-locations-and-fancy-cars-in-ninnindale/articleshow/27240909.cms |access-date=2023-07-21 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The launch of the film was held on 12 August 2013.<ref name="Puneeth's Ninnindale launched"/> The movie was shot in United States for a 35-day period.<ref>https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/interviews/from-kgf-to-kantara-how-hombale-films-took-kannada-cinema-global</ref>

Telugu actors [[Brahmanandam]] and [[Sonia Deepti]] played key roles. [[Thilak Shekar]] played a cop from the New York Police Department (NYPD).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140115185040/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-11-08/news-interviews/43821785_1_ninnindale-puneeth-rajkumar-erica-fernandes Tilak to play a cop in Ninnindale]. Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com (8 November 2013). Retrieved on 19 February 2014.</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Ninnindale
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = [[Mani Sharma]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 31 December 2013
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =

| length = 29:20
| label = [[Anand Audio]]
| producer = Vijay Kiragandur
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|_7JdJ3tSFok|Official Audio Jukebox}}
}}

}}

Audio was launched on 31 December 2013 in presence of his brother [[Shivrajkumar]]. Initially it was learnt that [[Mahesh Babu]] is going to launching the audio of Ninnindale. Later he didn't attend the function for unknown reasons. But Mahesh Babu wished the Ninnindale team and spoke about his relation with Rajkumar's family through. The film marks the debut of Telugu director [[Jayanth C. Paranjee]] into [[Kannada]].<ref>[http://andhrawire.com/2013/12/06/mahesh-babu-as-chief-guest-for-power-star-audio/ Mahesh Babu as chief guest for Power star Audio!!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216044900/http://andhrawire.com/2013/12/06/mahesh-babu-as-chief-guest-for-power-star-audio/ |date=16 December 2013 }}. Andhrawire.com. Retrieved on 19 February 2014.</ref><ref>[http://article.wn.com/view/2013/12/05/Mahesh_Babu_to_release_Puneeth_Rajkumar_8217s_Ninnindale_aud/#/related_news Mahesh Babu to release Puneeth Rajkumar's Ninnindale audio?]. Article.wn.com. Retrieved on 19 February 2014.</ref> Producer Vijay Kumar is happy with the first rush of the film and wants the audio release to make a grand statement.<ref>Features, Express. (27 November 2013) [https://web.archive.org/web/20131209084429/http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/Ninnindale-goes-globe-trotting/2013/11/27/article1912808.ece Ninnindale goes globe-trotting]. Newindianexpress.com. Retrieved on 19 February 2014.</ref>

The music is composed by [[Mani Sharma]].<ref>[http://www.raaga.com/channels/kannada/moviedetail.asp?mid=K0002022 Sound Track List]. Raaga.com. Retrieved on 19 February 2014.</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Bolo Bham Bham
| extra1 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Sravana Bhargavi]]
| lyrics1 = [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| length1 = 5:06
| title2 = Don't Care
| extra2 = [[Vishal Dadlani]]
| lyrics2 = [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| length2 = 4:40
| title3 = Haaru Haaru
| extra3 = Sweekar, [[Chaitra H. G.]]
| lyrics3 = Kaviraj
| length3 = 4:10
| title4 = Mouna Thalithe
| extra4 = [[Arijit Singh]]
| lyrics4 = [[Jayanth Kaikini]]
| length4 = 5:10
| title5 = Ninthe Ninthe
| extra5 = [[Vijay Prakash]], [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]], Sudhamayi
| lyrics5= Kaviraj
| length5 = 4:55
| title6 = Neenu Iruvaga
| extra6 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Anuradha Bhat]]
| lyrics6= [[K. Kalyan]]
| length6 = 4:44
}}

== Reception ==
=== Critical response ===

Shyam Prasad S of ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' scored the film at 2.5 out of 5 stars and says "The audience will also miss Harikrishna and Arjun Janya. Except for the lead actors, the rest of them are wasted. Sadhu Kokila does not evoke a single laughter while Brahmanandam’s debut in Kannada is forgettable. If it was not for the presence of Puneeth and his huge fan base, Ninnindale would’ve been a disaster."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/ninnindale-movie-fil-review-kannada-puneeth/articleshow/28964238.cms|title=Movie review: Ninnindale|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|access-date=17 January 2014}}</ref> Shyam Prasad S of ''[[The Times of India]]'' scored the film at 3 out of 5 stars and says "Puneeth Rajkumar’s fans may not want to miss him in an adventurous avatar. Erica Fernandes is impressive as the girl next door. But PG Vinda’s outstanding cinematography is the high point of the film. Mani Sharma’s music will leave you humming."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/ninnindale/movie-review/29018759.cms|title=NINNINDALE MOVIE REVIEW|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=14 May 2016}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' wrote "Camera work by P.G.Vindha is brilliant and shows the beauty of New York in a very standard mode. Sky diving and breathtaking aerial stunts form the highlight of the movie. The expected movie has lived up to its expectations and has been welcomed grandly by the audience."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/ninnindale-review-kannada-pcmbijgcabihf.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411221428/http://www.sify.com/movies/ninnindale-review-kannada-pcmbijgcabihf.html|archive-date=11 April 2017|title=Ninnindale|work=[[Sify]]|access-date=17 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|3686226}}
{{Jayanth C. Paranjee}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ninnindale}}
[[Category:2014 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2014 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films set in insular areas of the United States]]
[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Mani Sharma]]
[[Category:Films shot in New York City]]
[[Category:Films shot in New Jersey]]
[[Category:2010s sports comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2010s masala films]]
[[Category:2014 romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian films set in New York City]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bangkok]]
[[Category:Indian sports comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Jayanth C. Paranjee]]

Rama Shanker Dubey

2026-04-28T11:03:42Z

Digitalcreator: Starting New Post

{{Short description|Indian biochemist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Rama Shanker Dubey
| image = Rama Shanker Dubey.jpg
| caption =
| office = Chancellor of [[ National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration (NIEPA)]]
| term_start = 21 April 2026
| term_end = till date
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1955|12|23|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Sanisonakara, [[Bihar]], India
| alma_mater = [[Banaras Hindu University]]
| occupation = [[Biochemist]]
| awards =
| office1 = Vice chancellor of [[Central University of Gujarat]]
| term_start1 = 22 November 2019
| term_end1 = 22 November 2025
| predecessor = Syed Abdul Bari
| office2 = Vice Chancellor of [[Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University]]
| term_start2 = 2014
| term_end2 = 2017
| predecessor2 = Dr. N. K. Verma
| successor2 = Nalini Kant Jha <ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/mu-lnmu-and-tmbu-get-new-vcs/articleshow/57740385.cms |title=MU, LNMU and TMBU get new VCs |website=The Times of India |date=17 March 2017}}</ref>
| honorific_prefix =
}}
'''Rama Shanker Dubey''' (born 23 December 1955) is a [[biochemist]] and [[academician]], former [[vice chancellor]] of [[Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University]] and [[Central University of Gujarat]], Kundhela, Vadodara.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Central University of Gujarat (CUG) |url=https://www.cug.ac.in/vice_chancellor.php |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=www.cug.ac.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-09-07 |title=Detailed Bio-Data |url=https://rsdubey.wordpress.com/detailed-bio-data/ |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=R S Dubey's Blog |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Rama Shanker Dubey was born on 23 December 1955 in Sanisonakara, Raghunathpur, [[Siwan district]], Bihar.

He received his [[Master of Science]] degree in biochemistry in 1976 and his [[Doctor of Philosophy]] in biochemistry in 1980 from [[Banaras Hindu University]].<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
He started his career as a [[scientist]] at [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]] in 1978 and served there till 1983. After this, he was appointed as a lecturer at the [[Academic department|Department]] of [[Biochemistry]], [[Banaras Hindu University]] in year 1983 and served the same post till 1991. Thereafter, he became a [[Reader (academic rank)|reader]] (1991-1999), and a [[professor]] from 1999 to 2020. Subsequently, he served as the [[vice chancellor]] of [[Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University]] from 2014 to 2017. He was appointed as vice chancellor of the [[Central University of Gujarat]] on 22 November 2019 and served there till 22 November 2025.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-20 |title=BHU professor appointed Central University of Gujarat vice-chancellor |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/bhu-professor-appointed-cug-vice-chancellor-6127737/ |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Research interests ==

His most cited article, "Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Damage, and Antioxidative Defense Mechanism in Plants under Stressful Conditions",<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sharma |first1=Pallavi |last2=Jha |first2=Ambuj Bhushan |last3=Dubey |first3=Rama Shanker |last4=Pessarakli |first4=Mohammad |date=2012-04-24 |title=Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Damage, and Antioxidative Defense Mechanism in Plants under Stressful Conditions |journal=Journal of Botany |language=en |volume=2012 |article-number=e217037 |doi=10.1155/2012/217037 |issn=2090-0120 |doi-access=free }}</ref> explores the role of [[reactive oxygen species]] and antioxidative defense mechanisms in plants under stressful conditions, contributing to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying stress responses in plants.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reactive oxygen species, oxidative damage, and antioxidative defense mechanism in plants under stressful conditions. Author(s): Pallavi Sharma; Jha, A. B.; Dubey, R. S.; Pessarakli, M. |url=https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/mobile/abstract/20133230531 |access-date=2023-05-08 |website=www.cabdirect.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Damage, and Antioxidative DefenseMechanism in Plants under Stressful Conditions |url=https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=S76rQVEAAAAJ&citation_for_view=S76rQVEAAAAJ:KxtntwgDAa4C |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=scholar.google.co.in}}</ref>

"Lead Toxicity in Plants" is a review article that discusses the effects of [[lead contamination]] on plants. Lead, a potential soil pollutant, is readily absorbed by plants and can cause a number of toxicity symptoms, such as [[stunted growth]], [[chlorosis]], and root system blackening.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sharma |first1=Pallavi |last2=Dubey |first2=Rama Shanker |date=2005-06-03 |title=Lead toxicity in plants |journal=Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology |language=en |volume=17 |pages=35–52 |doi=10.1590/S1677-04202005000100004 |issn=1677-9452|doi-access=free }}</ref> The article explores the various morphological, physiological, and biochemical effects of lead toxicity and the mechanisms adopted by plants for lead detoxification and developing tolerance to it. Some of these mechanisms include sequestration of lead in the vacuole, phytochelatin synthesis, and binding to glutathione and amino acids. The article also highlights the potential of using [[phytoremediation]] and [[rhizofiltration]] technologies for cleaning lead-contaminated soils.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lead Toxicity in Plants |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250024207 |access-date=May 7, 2023 |website=Research Gate}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Google Scholar ID|S76rQVEAAAAJ}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dubey, Rama}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University]]
[[Category:Central University of Gujarat people]]
[[Category:People from Siwan district]]
[[Category:Banaras Hindu University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian biochemists]]

Aruna Suresh

2026-04-24T19:56:08Z

Digitalcreator: Info

{{short description|Indian judge}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Aruna Suresh
| office = [[Judge]] of the [[Orissa High Court]]
| term_start = 28 October 2010
| nominator = [[S. H. Kapadia]]
| appointer = [[Pratibha Patil]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1950|02|19|df=y}}
| alma_mater = [[University of Delhi]]
| honorific_prefix = Hon'ble Ms. Justice (Retd.)
| office2 = [[Judge]] of the [[Delhi High Court]]
| appointer2 = [[A.P.J. Abdul Kalam]]
| nominator2 = [[Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal]]
| term_end2 = 27 October 2010
| term_start2 = 4 July 2006
| term_end = 17 February 2012
}}
'''Aruna Suresh''' (born 19 February 1950) is a former judge of the [[Orissa High Court]] in India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Former Judge {{!}} Justice Ms. Aruna Suresh|url=https://orissahighcourt.nic.in/judges/former-judge/hon-ble-mr-justice-aruna-suresh/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-11-16|website=Orissa High Court, Cuttack}}</ref> She also served on the [[Delhi High Court]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Former Judges: Justice Aruna Suresh|url=http://delhihighcourt.nic.in/formerjudges.asp?currentPage=6|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=[[Delhi High Court]]}}</ref> She gained public attention after an association of lawyers boycotted her courtroom in Odisha, following her request to a senior counsel to refrain from intervening in a case where he was not representing any of the parties involved.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Boycotted for asking lawyer to sit down, HC judge goes on leave - Indian Express|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/boycotted-for-asking-lawyer-to-sit-down-hc-judge-goes-on-leave/726322/|access-date=2020-11-16|website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref>

== Career ==
Suresh qualified into the Delhi Judicial Service in 1973, and initially served in the lower judiciary in Delhi in several capacities, including subordinate civil judge, metropolitan magistrate, insolvency judge, judge of the small causes court, and rent controller. Between 1987 and 1991, she was also the secretary for legal aid services in the district courts in Delhi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

In 1991, Suresh joined the Delhi Higher Judicial Service. She worked as a district and sessions judge, and also served as a special judge for cases prosecuted under the [[Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985|Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act]], for cases investigated by the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]], and a sessions judge in the Mahila Adalat (Women's Court). In addition to hearing criminal cases, Suresh worked as an additional district judge, hearing civil cases. In 2006, she was appointed the chief district and sessions judge for Delhi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

=== Delhi High Court ===
Suresh was appointed to the Delhi High Court on 4 July 2006 as an additional judge, and was confirmed as a permanent judge on 11 February 2008.<ref name=":1" /> In 2009, Suresh, along with another judge, [[Pradeep Nandrajog]], acquitted an army officer who had been accused of murdering a businessman by mailing him a parcel bomb in 1982. They held that the evidence against the 71 year old officer was "weak" and released him after 27 years of imprisonment. The case was widely reported.<ref>{{Cite web|title=HC acquits ex-army officer in parcel bomb case - Indian Express|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/hc-acquits-exarmy-officer-in-parcel-bomb-case/460100/|access-date=2020-11-16|website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref>

In 2010, Suresh was one of the judges who heard a case between the University of Delhi and their teachers' union, which had refused to teach classes after the university switched from an annual examination system to a system of examinations conducted every semester. The case was filed by the Delhi University Teachers' Union, and ultimately decided in favour of the University, allowing the semester system to be implemented.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Don't play with students' lives, HC warns DU, DUTA - Indian Express|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/don-t-play-with-students--lives-hc-warns-du-duta/652585/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-11-16|website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref>

=== Odisha High Court ===
Suresh was transferred from the Delhi High Court to the Odisha High Court, taking up her appointment on 28 October 2010.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=28 October 2010|first=Rajaram|last=Satapathy|title=Justice Harjinder Singh Bhalla and Justice Aruna Suresh were sworn in as two new judges of Orissa high court on Thursday. With this the strength of judges in the high court reached 16 as against the sanctioned strength of 22. - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Justice-Harjinder-Singh-Bhalla-and-Justice-Aruna-Suresh-were-sworn-in-as-two-new-judges-of-Orissa-high-court-on-Thursday-With-this-the-strength-of-judges-in-the-high-court-reached-16-as-against-the-sanctioned-strength-of-22-/articleshow/6831572.cms|access-date=2020-11-16|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> The move was ordered by President Pratibha Patil, who transferred 11 judges on recommendations from the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] .<ref>{{Cite news|last=Venkatesan|first=J.|date=2010-10-15|title=11 High Court judges shifted in 'public interest'|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/11-High-Court-judges-shifted-in-lsquopublic-interest/article15780175.ece|access-date=2020-11-16|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In December 2010, Suresh asked a senior advocate in the High Court to take his seat, after he intervened in a case that he was not involved in, to argue a point for a counsel in that matter. In response to her request, the Odisha High Court Bar Association boycotted her court, with the secretary of the association describing the request as "hurtful". Suresh went on leave following the boycott.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=HC lawyers to boycott Justice Aruna's court|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2010/dec/15/hc-lawyers-to-boycott-justice-arunas-court-211195.html|access-date=2020-11-16|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

She retired on 17 February 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Justice Aruna Suresh Retires {{!}} Odisha 360 - News, Events and Complete Information About the State|url=https://www.odisha360.com/2012/02/18/justice-aruna-suresh-retires/|access-date=2020-11-16|language=en-US}}</ref> She is currently on the panel of arbitrators listed with the Indian Council of Arbitration.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=24 March 2018|title=Panel of Arbitrators (Judges)|url=http://www.icaindia.co.in/may01-2018/Judges.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124030823/https://www.icaindia.co.in/may01-2018/Judges.pdf|archive-date=24 January 2022|access-date=|website=Indian Council of Arbitration}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Suresh was educated in Delhi, graduating from Inderprastha College, [[University of Delhi]] in 1969. She studied law at the [[Faculty of Law, University of Delhi]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Suresh, Aruna}}
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Judges of the Delhi High Court]]
[[Category:Judges of the Orissa High Court]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women judges]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women judges]]

Makdone

2026-04-22T06:48:01Z

Digitalcreator: Post.

{{Short description|Town in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mekdone
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[City]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.60|N|76.07|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ujjain district|Ujjain]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 11,678
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 456668
| registration_plate = MP 13
| website =
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
}}
'''Mekdone''' is a town and [[Nagar Parishad]] in [[Ujjain District]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]] in [[India]]. It's a Tehsil Headquarter. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ujjain.nic.in/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2/|title=तहसील (11) | जिला उज्जैन, मध्य प्रदेश शासन | भारत}}</ref>

==Geography==
Makdone sits at an elevation of 485 metres (1591 feet).

Makdone is located in [[Malwa]] region. The region is predominantly [[Agrarian society|agrarian]].
Makdone is located on 60 km away from [[Ujjain]], it's pin code is 456668. Last Patel of Makdone in British Rule Shri Badri patel
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/pincode/madhya-pradesh/ujjain/makdone|title=Makdone Pin Code | Postal Code (Zip Code) of Makdone, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India|website=India TV News}}</ref>

==Demographics==
As per [[Census of India]] 2011Makdon Town has population of 11,678 of which 5,936 are males while 5,742 are females.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/802229-makdon-madhya-pradesh.html|title=Makdon Nagar Panchayat City Population Census 2011-2025 | Madhya Pradesh|website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>

===Languages===
Mainly [[Hindi]] and [[Malwi]] languages are spoken here.{{fact|date=May 2025}}

==Civil Administration==
Makdon town has total administration over 2,388 houses to which it supplies basic amenities like water and [[sewerage]]. It is also authorize to build roads within Nagar Panchayat limits and impose taxes on properties coming under its jurisdiction.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ujjain.nic.in/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF/|title=स्‍थानीय नगरीय नि‍काय | जिला उज्जैन, मध्य प्रदेश शासन | भारत}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ujjain Division}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Ujjain district]]
[[Category:Cities in Malwa]]
{{improve categories|date=May 2025}}

Walter Morgan (judge)

2026-04-18T18:12:47Z

Digitalcreator: made new entry first draft

{{short description|Welsh barrister and judge active in India (1821–1903)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Walter Morgan
| honorific_prefix = [[Sir]]
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| office1 = [[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Madras High Court|2nd]] [[Chief Justice]] of [[Madras High Court]]
| term_start1 = 22 November 1871
| term_end1 = 7 February 1879
| appointer1 = [[Queen Victoria]]
| predecessor1 = {{ubl|[[Colley Harman Scotland]]|[[Adam Bittleston]] ''(acting)''}}
| successor1 = [[Charles Arthur Turner]]
| office2 = [[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Allahabad High Court|1st]] [[Chief Justice]] of [[Allahabad High Court]]
| term_start2 = 17 March 1866
| term_end2 = 21 November 1871
| appointer2 = [[Queen Victoria]]
| predecessor2 = ''Position established''
| successor2 = Robert Stuart
| office3 = [[Judge]] of [[Calcutta High Court]]
| term_start3 = 1 July 1862
| term_end3 = 16 March 1866
| appointer3 = [[Queen Victoria]]
| birth_date = 1821
| birth_place = [[Llantrisant]], [[Glamorgan]], Wales
| death_date = 28 October 1906
| death_place =
| children =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = [[lawyer]], [[judge]]
| profession = [[Chief Justice]]
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Sir Walter Morgan''' (1821–28 October 1906)<ref>{{cite book | last = Riddick | first = John | title = Who was who in British India | publisher = Greenwood Press | location = Westport, Conn | year = 1998 | isbn = 9780313292323 | page = 261 }}</ref> was a Welsh judge who is the first [[Chief Justice]] of the [[Allahabad High Court]]<nowiki/>in [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]]. He also became the Chief justice of [[Madras High Court]] from 1871 to 1879.

==Life==
Morgan was born in [[Llantrisant]], [[Glamorgan]], Wales,<ref>''1881 England Census''</ref> the son of Walter Morgan,<ref>{{cite book |title=Dod's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage, of Great Britain and Ireland |date=1906 |publisher=S. Low, Marston & Company |page=681 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUQcAmFa2mUC&q=Sir+Walter+Morgan&pg=PA681 |access-date=16 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref> and educated at [[King's College London]].<ref name="calcutta">''Calcutta Review'', vol. 118-119, University of Calcutta, 1904, pg 294</ref> He entered the [[Middle Temple]], and was [[call to the Bar|called to the Bar]] 22 November 1844. His early years in the profession were uninspiring, and his progress slow, leading him to consider other employment, until he conceived of going to India.<ref name="calcutta"/>

Morgan served as a puisne judge at Calcutta (where, with his mastery of equity law, he was considered 'one of the most well-informed legal men' there) before being promoted to Chief Justice at [[Allahabad]], where he served from 1866 to 1871, having also been [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]]. While [[Swami Vivekananda]]'s father [[Vishwanath Datta]] applied to be enrolled as an attorney-at-law, Morgan approved the prayer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.swamivivekanandaquotes.org/2014/05/biography-of-vishwanath-datta.html|title=Biography of Vishwanath Datta – Vivekananda's Father|date=4 May 2004|access-date=12 February 2018}}</ref>

His reputation continued to increase during this period, which stood him in good stead to take the position of Chief Justice at Calcutta, Bombay or Madras.<ref name="lawyer">''The Lawyer'', vol. 2, 1970, p. 90</ref> With no opening at Calcutta or Bombay, Morgan was appointed Chief Justice of the Madras High Court,<ref name="allahabadhighcourt_TheCourtisLaunchedAHBraund">{{Cite web |last=Sir Archibald Henry Braund |title=The Court is Launched |url=http://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/event/TheCourtisLaunchedAHBraund.html |access-date=27 March 2018 |website=allahabadhighcourt.in}}</ref> where he remained until 7 February 1879. Although Morgan was respected during his time at Madras, he was not a loved figure to either the Bar or the public; some were critical of him, and he was perceived as 'chill' and 'colourless'.<ref name="lawyer"/>

Morgan died in 1903, having lived at [[Eastbourne]].

==Family==
Morgan's eldest son, Walter, married Caroline, daughter of John Hunter-Blair of the Madras Civil Service, and granddaughter of [[Sir David Hunter-Blair, 3rd Baronet]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Foster |first1=Joseph |title=The baronetage and knightage |date=1881 |publisher=Nichols and Sons |pages=333–334 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uFE4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA333 |language=en}}</ref> Fifth<ref>''The Law Journal'', vol. 49, 1914, pg 345</ref> son Harington Morgan (d. 1914), a barrister of the [[Middle Temple]]<ref>{{alox2|title=Morgan, Harington}}</ref> and judge in the Civil Courts of Justice in Sudan, married Lilian Elizabeth Lutley (daughter of [[Philip Lutley Sclater]] and Jane Anne Eliza, daughter of Sir David Hunter-Blair, 3rd Baronet); Lilian was therefore a first cousin of Caroline Hunter-Blair, mentioned above.<ref>''Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage'' 2003, volume 2, page 2000</ref><ref>''Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage'' 1999, volume 1, pg 209</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Morgan, Walter}}
[[Category:1821 births]]
[[Category:1903 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Welsh lawyers]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Chief justices of the Madras High Court]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:British India judges]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:Alumni of King's College London]]

Srimadhopur Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:35:48Z

Digitalcreator: made a stub w/ sources

{{Short description|Constituency of the Rajasthan legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sri Madhopur
| map_image = Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan-39-Sri Madhopur.svg
| mla = [[Jhabar Singh Kharra]]
| party = [[Bhartiya Janta Party|BJP]]
| latest_election_year = 2023
| established = 1951
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| district = [[Sikar District]]
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 39
}}

'''Sri Madhopur Assembly constituency''' is one of [[List of constituencies of Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha|constituencies]] of [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] in the [[Sikar Lok Sabha constituency]].

==Extent==
Sri Madhopur constituency covers all voters from parts of [[Sri Madhopur|Sri Madhopur tehsil]], which include [[Mau, Sikar|ILRC Mau]], [[Ajitgarh, Sikar|ILRC Ajitgarh]], [[Sri Madhopur Municipal Board]], Sri Madhopur Rural, [[Hanspur]], [[Kotri Shimarla]] and [[Jorawar Nagar]] of [[Sri Madhopur|ILRC Sri Madhopur]]; and part of [[Neem-Ka-Thana|Neem Ka Thana tehsil]], which includes [[Sanwalpura Tanwaran|ILRC Sanwalpura Tanwaran]].<ref name="election2008">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order 2008]</ref>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year!!Name !!colspan=2|Party
|-
|1. 1952 || [[Roop narayan Lata]] || {{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}<ref name="election1957">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Rajasthan_1957.pdf 1957 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 1. 1957 || [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}<ref name="election1957-1">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Rajasthan_1957.pdf 1957 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 2. 1962 ||[[Ram Chandra Sunda]]|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<ref name="election1962">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Rajasthan_1962.pdf 1962 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 3. 1967 || [[Hanut Singh (politician)|Hanut Singh]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}<ref name="election1967">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Rajasthan%201967.pdf 1967 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 4. 1972 || [[Sanwar Mal]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<ref name="election1972">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_RJ_72.pdf 1972 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 5. 1977 || [[Harlal Singh Kharra]]|| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<ref name="election1977">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Rajasthan.pdf 1977 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 6. 1980 || [[Deependra Singh Shekhawat]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}<ref name="election1980">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Rajasthan.pdf 1980 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 7. 1985 || [[Harlal Singh Kharra]]<ref name="election1985">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%201985%20Rajasthan.pdf 1985 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref> || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| 8. 1990 || [[Harlal Singh Kharra]]<ref name="election1990">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_RJ_90.pdf 1990 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 9. 1993 || [[Deependra Singh Shekhawat]]<ref name="election1993">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatRep_RJ_93.pdf 1993 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref> || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| 10. 1998 || [[Deependra Singh Shekhawat]]<ref name="election1998">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-RAJ98.pdf 1998 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 11. 2003 || [[Harlal Singh Kharra]]|| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<ref name="election2003">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_NOV_2003/StatisticalReports_RAJ_Nov2003.pdf 2003 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 12. 2008 || [[Deependra Singh Shekhawat]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<ref name="election2008-1">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2008/Stats_report_RJ2008.pdf 2008 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 13. 2013 || [[Jhabar Singh Kharra]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|14. 2018
|[[Deependra Singh Shekhawat]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 15. 2023 || [[Jhabar Singh Kharra]]<ref name="election2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/story/srimadhopur-rajasthan-assembly-election-results-2023-live-1830415-2023-12-03|title=Srimadhopur, Rajasthan Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: BJP candidate Jhabar Singh Kharra wins on Srimadhopur seat.|publisher=[[Aaj Tak]]}}</ref> || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]<ref name="election2018"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Jhabar Singh Kharra
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:81080}}
|percentage = 41.28
|change = -1.33
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Deependra Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:66621}}
|percentage = 33.92
|change = -15.05
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Balram
|votes = {{formatnum:41588}}
|percentage = 21.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2676}}
|percentage = 1.36
|change = +0.39
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:14459}}
|percentage = 7.36
|change = +1.0
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:196432}}
|percentage = 70.22
|change = -2.37
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = BJP
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Srimadhopur<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2018/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA 2018 |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 12 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Deependra Singh Sekhawat]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:90941}}
|percentage = 48.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Jhabar Singh Kharra
|votes = {{formatnum:79131}}
|percentage = 42.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Narendra Maharoli
|votes = {{formatnum:6285}}
|percentage = 3.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Durga Prasad Kharra
|votes = {{formatnum:3092}}
|percentage = 1.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Ram Kishor
|votes = {{formatnum:1736}}
|percentage = 0.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1796}}
|percentage = 0.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:11810}}
|percentage = 6.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:185707}}
|percentage = 72.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== See also ==
* [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)]]

{{Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan}}

{{coord|27.47|75.60|display=title}}

[[Category:Sikar district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Politics of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Rajasthan]]

V. Vaseef

2026-04-13T00:33:34Z

Digitalcreator: made new details w/ sources

{{Short description|Indian Politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = V. Vaseef
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Kozhikode]], Kerala, India
| office = President of the [[Democratic Youth Federation of India]] [[Kerala]] State
| term_start = 30 April 2022–present
| term_end =
| constituency =
| alma_mater = {{hlist|[[SNG College Chelannur]] ([[Master of Education|MEd]])| [[Mukkam Muslim Orphanage|MAMO College Manassery]] | [[Farook College]]}}
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| other_names =
| occupation = {{hlist|Teacher|Politician}}
| spouse = Arshitha
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}

'''Valappil Vaseef''' better known as '''V. Vaseef''' is an Indian politician and state president of [[Democratic Youth Federation of India|DYFI]] Kerala. He is a Commerce teacher of Fathimabi Memorial HSS Koombara, [[Kozhikode]], Kerala.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Service |first1=Express News |title=V Vaseef elected DYFI president in Kerala, transgender finds place in steering committee |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2022/Apr/30/v-vaseef-elected-dyfi-president-in-kerala-transgender-finds-place-in-steering-committee-2448297.html |access-date=10 March 2024 |work=The New Indian Express |date=30 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=മലപ്പുറം പഴയ മലപ്പുറമല്ല, വി.പി. സാനു നടത്തിയ മുന്നേറ്റം വിജയത്തിലെത്തിക്കുകയാണ് ലക്ഷ്യം- വസീഫ് |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/election/lok-sabha-2024/kerala-20-20/malappuram/v-vaseef-first-comment-after-candidate-announcement-1.9363300 |work=Mathrubhumi |date=28 February 2024 |language=en}}</ref> He was elected DYFI Kerala State President in April 2022.<ref>{{cite news | title=V. Vaseef appointed Kerala DYFI president |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/v-vaseef-appointed-kerala-dyfi-president/article65370106.ece |access-date=10 March 2024 |work=The Hindu |date=30 April 2022 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=V Vaseef elected as DYFI state president, VK Sanoj to continue as state secretary |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/v-vaseef-elected-as-dyfi-state-president-vk-sanoj-to-continue-as-state-secretary-1.7477135 |access-date=10 March 2024 |work=English.Mathrubhumi |date=30 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life==
He is born to Valappil Veeran Kutty and Vaheeda and married to Arshitha.<ref>{{cite news |title=ബാലസംഘത്തിലൂടെ പൊതുപ്രവർത്തനത്തിലേക്ക്; അധ്യാപകനായ വസീഫ് DYFI അധ്യക്ഷൻ |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/v-vaseef-is-new-state-president-of-dyfi-1.7477222 |access-date=10 March 2024 |work=Mathrubhumi |date=30 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Jayanth |first1=A. S. |title=Interchange of Lok Sabha seats by IUML akin to cheating voters, says CPI(M) candidate for Malappuram |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/interchange-of-lok-sabha-seats-by-iuml-akin-to-cheating-voters-says-cpim-candidate-for-malappuram/article67913735.ece |access-date=10 March 2024 |work=The Hindu |date=4 March 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Communist Party of India (Marxist), Kerala]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:V Vaseef}}
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayali politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kozhikode]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Intelligence Bureau (India)

2026-03-29T04:36:58Z

Digitalcreator: updated page

{{short description|India's domestic intelligence agency}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Intelligence Bureau
| native_name =
| logo =
| motto = {{transliteration|sa|ISO|Jāgṛtaṃ Aharniśaṃ}} ([[Sanskrit]]) {{Translation|"Always Alert"}}
| seal = Intelligence Bureau.svg
| seal_size =
| seal_width =
| seal_caption = Insignia of Intelligence Bureau
| formed = {{start date and age|df=yes|1887|12|23}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Formation date 23 December 1887 |url=http://www.allgov.com/india/departments/ministry-of-home-affairs/intelligence-bureau?agencyid=7590 |website=Allgov.com}}</ref>
| headquarters = [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]], [[India]]
| budget = {{INRConvert|6782.43|c}} {{small|(2026–27)}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 Feb 2026 |title=DEMAND NO. 51, Demands for Grants, 2026-2027, MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS |url=https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/doc/eb/sbe51.pdf |access-date=1 Feb 2026 |website=IndiaBudget.gov.in}}</ref>
| minister1_name = [[Amit Shah]]
| minister1_pfo = [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]
| chief1_name = [[Tapan Deka]], [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| chief1_position = [[Director of the Intelligence Bureau|Director]]
| chief2_name =
| chief2_position =
| chief3_name =
| chief3_position =
| parent_agency = [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]
| jurisdiction = [[India]]
| website =
| parent_department =
}}
[[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 477802 - Intelligence Bureau.jpeg|thumb|125th Anniversary Postage Stamp (2013)|197x197px]]

The '''Intelligence Bureau''' ('''IB''') is India's [[internal security]] and [[counterintelligence]] agency under the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]. It was founded in 1887 as the '''Central Special Branch'''. The IB is often regarded as the oldest extant intelligence organisation in the world.<ref name="fas.org"/><ref name="epw">{{Cite journal |last=Subramanian |first=K S |date=2015-06-05 |title="National Security" for whom? How the Intelligence Bureau functions. |url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2014/25/web-exclusives/national-security-whom.html |journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]] |language=en |volume=49 |issue=25 |pages=7–8 |url-access=limited}}</ref>

Until 1968, it handled both domestic and foreign intelligence after which the [[Research and Analysis Wing]] was formed specifically for foreign intelligence; following that, the IB was primarily assigned the role of domestic intelligence and internal security.<ref name="epw"/> [[Tapan Deka]] is the current [[Director of the Intelligence Bureau|director of the IB]], since June 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Shishir |date=2022-06-24 |title=Tapan Deka is new IB chief, RAW secretary Samant Goel gets 1-yr extension |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tapan-deka-is-new-ib-chief-raw-secretary-samant-goel-gets-1-yr-extension-101656065794057.html |access-date=2022-06-24 |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

==History==

The Intelligence Bureau traces its origin to the Central Special Branch, established on 23 December 1887 by the [[British Raj|British government in India]] to gather intelligence on political unrest, particularly after the formation of the [[Indian National Congress]] in 1885. Its creation followed Secret Dispatch No. 11, dated 25 March 1887, in which [[R. A. Cross]], the [[Secretary of State for India]], sanctioned the proposal by [[Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava|Marquess of Dufferin]], the [[Viceroy of India]], to create a system for the "collection of secret and political intelligence in India".<ref name="Journal">{{cite journal|last1=Reshi|first1=Shabir Ahmad|last2=Dwivedi|first2=Seema|title=Growth & Development of Intelligence Apparatus during British Colonial Era in India|journal=International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention|date=April 2015|volume=4|issue=4|pages=13–19|url=https://www.ijhssi.org/papers/v4(4)/Version-2/C0442012019.pdf|access-date=19 November 2024}}</ref>

Dufferin proposed utilizing the [[Indian Imperial Police]] and [[Indian Political Department|political officers]] in [[princely state]]s for the "collection of intelligence on political, social and religious movements". He recommended the establishment of "special agencies" at both [[Government of India|central]] and [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|provincial]] headquarters, assigning local governments the responsibility of intelligence collection and obliging them to report relevant findings to the central government. The Provincial Special Branches, under local government control, were tasked with sharing intelligence with the Central Special Branch.<ref name="Journal"/>

Dufferin modelled the agency after the [[Third Section]] of [[Imperial Russia]]. To reduce expenses, the agency shared the manpower and facilities of the existing [[Thuggee and Dacoity Department]], headquartered at [[Shimla]]. The General Superintendent of the Department was entrusted with the supervision of the Central Special Branch. His proposed annual budget was ₹46,800. Donald McCracken, a police officer from the [[Punjab]] cadre, was appointed as its first head.<ref name="Basu">{{cite book|last1=Basu|first1=Saumitra|title=The History of Forensic Science in India|date=24 August 2021|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-000-41119-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A7k6EAAAQBAJ|access-date=19 November 2024}}</ref> McCracken was the assistant to the General Superintendent, Colonel [[Philip Durham Henderson|P. D. Henderson]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Griffiths|first1=Sir Percival Joseph|author1-link=Percival Griffiths|title=To Guard My People: The History of the Indian Police|date=1971|publisher=[[Ernest Benn Limited]]|isbn=978-0-510-26942-5|page=345|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=URUFAQAAIAAJ|access-date=19 November 2024}}</ref> The Provincial Special Branches were attached to the offices of either the [[Inspector General of Police]] or the [[chief secretary (India)|chief secretary]] of the respective provinces.<ref name="Basu"/>

In 1904, based on the recommendations of the Indian Police Commission (1902 – 1903) chaired by [[Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser|Andrew Fraser]], the [[Central Criminal Intelligence Department]]—also known as the Department of Criminal Intelligence (DCI)—was established.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Popplewell|first1=Richard James|title=Intelligence and Imperial Defence: British Intelligence and the Defence of the Indian Empire 1904-1924|date=1995|publisher=[[Frank Cass]]|location=London|isbn=978-1-135-23933-6|pages=42–52|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XHh0DwAAQBAJ|access-date=19 November 2024}}</ref> This reorganization led to the abolition of the Thuggee and Dacoity Department and the merger of the Central Special Branch into the DCI. Additionally, [[Criminal Investigation Department (India)|Criminal Investigation Departments]] (CID) were created in the provinces. Initially, Provincial Special Branches were incorporated into the CIDs, headed by a [[Deputy inspector general of police|Deputy Inspector General]] (DIG), but they were later separated as their functions evolved.<ref name="Journal"/>

Section 40(2) of the [[Government of India Act 1919]] stated that "the Intelligence Bureau should keep the Government posted with matters relating to the security of the Indian Empire." Reflecting this directive, the DCI was renamed the Intelligence Bureau in 1920, a year before the Act formally came into force in 1921.<ref name="Basu"/> In the 1920s, the IB's role was reduced to primarily relaying intelligence to the [[Indian Political Intelligence]] (IPI) office in London, which was responsible for analyzing intelligence,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Chaya|first1=Dheeraj|title=India's Intelligence Culture and Strategic Surprises: Spying for South Block|date=29 September 2022|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-1-000-72866-8|page=71|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kKN-EAAAQBAJ|access-date=19 November 2024}}</ref> and acted as a liaison between the IPI and the Government of India.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Farrington|first1=Anthony J.|title=Indian Political Intelligence (IPI) Files, 1912–1950|url=https://brill.com/display/package/9789004196858?language=en|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|access-date=19 November 2024 |date=September 2000}}</ref> Following the implementation of provincial autonomy under the [[Government of India Act 1935]], the IB began assigning officers designated as Central Intelligence Officers to the provinces starting in 1937.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Silvestri|first1=Michael|title=Policing 'Bengali Terrorism' in India and the World: Imperial Intelligence and Revolutionary Nationalism, 1905-1939|date=8 July 2019|publisher=[[Springer Publishing]]|isbn=978-3-030-18042-3|page=7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zm2hDwAAQBAJ|access-date=19 November 2024}}</ref>

The IB, initially also referred to as the Delhi Intelligence Bureau (DIB), was placed under the Home Department and reported directly to the [[Governor-General of India]]. After India [[Indian Independence Act 1947|gained independence]] in 1947, the IB came under the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]], with T. G. Sanjeevi Pillai becoming its first Indian [[Director of the Intelligence Bureau|director]].<ref name="Dover&Goodman">{{cite book|last1=Dover|first1=Robert|last2=Goodman|first2=Michael S.|last3=Hillebrand|first3=Claudia|title=Routledge Companion to Intelligence Studies|date=5 September 2013|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-134-48029-6|page=183|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sTCwAAAAQBAJ|access-date=19 November 2024}}</ref> Until 1968, the IB was responsible for both internal and external intelligence. However, shortcomings in its external intelligence, particularly in foreseeing Chinese movements before the [[Indo-China War]] of 1962 led to the creation of the [[Research and Analysis Wing]] (R&AW) in 1968, dedicated to external intelligence.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bajoria|first1=Jayshree|title=RAW: India's External Intelligence Agency|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/raw-indias-external-intelligence-agency|publisher=[[Council on Foreign Relations]]|access-date=19 November 2024|date=7 November 2008}}</ref>

==Organisation==
The IB is a constitutional body under the [[Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India|Schedule VII]] of the [[Constitution of India]].<ref name="Journal"/> The [[Union List]] within Schedule VII includes "Central Bureau of Intelligence".<ref>{{cite web |title=Seventh Schedule |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/images/pdf1/S7.pdf |publisher=[[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]] |access-date=19 November 2024}}</ref> IB is also listed in the Schedule of the Intelligence Organisations (Restriction of Rights) Act, 1985, which recognizes organisations "established by the central government for purposes of intelligence or counter-intelligence".<ref>{{cite web|title=Intelligence Organisations (Restriction of Rights) Act, 1985|url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/1811/4/A1985-58.pdf|publisher=Indiacode.nic.in|access-date=19 November 2024|date=6 September 1985}}</ref> The IB functions under the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] and is headed by a [[Director of the Intelligence Bureau]].<ref name="Dover&Goodman"/> According to the Government of India, IB is a civilian organization without police powers.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Explain-Intelligence-Bureaus-legality-HC-tells-Centre/articleshow/12408605.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510183119/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-26/india/31239443_1_ib-r-n-kulkarni-intelligence-bureau | url-status=live | archive-date=10 May 2013 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Explain Intelligence Bureau's legality, HC tells Centre | date=26 March 2012}}</ref>

Though IB operates under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), in practice, the director of the IB is a member of the [[Joint Intelligence Committee (India)|Joint Intelligence Committee]] (JIC) and the Steering Committee. The director has the authority to brief the [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] when necessary. The organization operates at both state and national levels. Most of the intelligence collection is handled by Group C officers, including Security Assistants and Junior Intelligence Officers and Group B officers, such as Assistant Central Intelligence Officers. Higher-level coordination and management are carried out by Group A gazetted officers, such as Deputy Central Intelligence Officers, Assistant Director, Deputy Director, Joint Director, Additional Director, Special Director and the Director. At the state level, IB officers are part of the State Special Bureau and report to a Central Intelligence Officer, who acts as the intelligence advisor to the [[Governor (India)|Governor]]. The IB maintains field units and headquarters, usually under the control of Joint or Deputy Directors.<ref name="fas.org">{{cite web |date=30 May 2008 |title=Intelligence Bureau (IB) |url=https://fas.org/irp/world/india/ib/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126051106/http://www.fas.org/irp/world/india/ib/index.html |archive-date=26 November 2012 |access-date=9 December 2012 |website=fas.org |publisher=[[Federation of American Scientists]]}}</ref>

===Rank structure===
{|class="wikitable"
! Insignia !! Position in Intelligence Bureau<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.cgspublicationindia.com/Pdf/Pay%20Commissions/Third%20Pay%20Commission/3rd%20CPC%20(Report,%20Vol%20II,%20Part-1).pdf | title=Report of the third central pay commission 1973 | website=www.cgspublicationindia.com}}</ref> !! Position in Police Service !! Grade/level on pay matrix !! Basic Pay
|-
|[[File:IPS 4 star.png|30px]] || [[Director of Intelligence Bureau]] || ''No equivalent position'' || Apex scale (Pay level 17) || {{INRConvert|225|k|lk=on}}
|-
| rowspan=2| [[File:IPS_DG+ADG.png|30px]] || Special Director || [[Director general of police]] || HAG+ Scale (pay level 16) || {{INRConvert|205.4|k|lk=on}}—{{INRConvert|224.4|k|lk=on}}
|-
| Additional Director || [[Additional director general of police]] || HAG scale (pay level 15) || {{INRConvert|182.2|k|lk=on}}—{{INRConvert|224.1|k|lk=on}}
|-
| [[File:IPS_IG.png|30px]] || Joint Director || [[Inspector general of police]] || Senior administrative grade (pay level 14) || {{INRConvert|144.2|k|lk=on}}—{{INRConvert|218.2|k|lk=on}}
|-
| [[File:IPS_DIG.png|30px]] || Deputy Director || [[Deputy inspector general of police]] || Super time scale (pay level 13A) || {{INRConvert|131.1|k|lk=on}}—{{INRConvert|216.6|k|lk=on}}
|-
| | [[File:IPS_DIG.png|30px]] || Joint Deputy Director || Deputy inspector general of police{{efn|Joint- Deputy inspector general of police as it is above AD and due to the word Deputy Director in it. The Supreme Court has ruled that a "conscious decision" by a competent authority to equate posts sets their true rank regardless of later pay scale mergers.}} || Selection grade (pay level 13) || {{INRConvert|123.1|k|lk=on}}—{{INRConvert|215.9|k|lk=on}}
|-
| [[File:IPS_SP_(SG).png|30px]] || Assistant Director || [[Superintendent of police (India)|Senior Superintendent of Police]]{{efn|Additional - Deputy Inspector General of Police Designation Equivalence: The 3rd Pay Commission (Vol. II, p. 157) explicitly positioned the Assistant Director (IB) above the AIG/SP/Commandant, defining it as an Additional DIG functional tier; Legal Baseline: In State of UP v. Virendra Bahadur Katheria (2024), the Supreme Court ruled that a "conscious decision" by a competent authority to equate posts establishes their true rank regardless of later pay mergers. Uniform Protocol: Following IPS rules, an Senior Scale i.e. AD with 15+ years of service in group A wears the State Emblem and two stars, the definitive insignia of an SSP.}}|| pay level 11/12/13 || {{INRConvert|78.8|k|lk=on}}—{{INRConvert|208.7|k|lk=on}}
|-
| [[File:AddlSP.svg|30px]] || Deputy Central Intelligence Officer || [[Additional superintendent of police]] || Senior time scale (pay level 11) || {{INRConvert|67.7|k|lk=on}}—{{INRConvert|208.7|k|lk=on}}
|-
| [[File:Assistant_Superintendent_of_Police.svg|30px]] || Assistant Central Intelligence Officer I || [[Deputy superintendent of police]] ||
Junior time scale (pay level 10)
|| {{INRConvert|56.1|k|lk=on}}—{{INRConvert|132|k|lk=on}}
|-
| [[File:Inspector.svg|30px]] || Assistant Central Intelligence Officer II || [[Inspector|Inspector of Police]] || Group 'B' Non-gazetted (pay level 7) || {{INRConvert|44.9|k|lk=on}}—{{INRConvert|142.4|k|lk=on}}
|-
| [[File:Sub-Inspector.svg|30px]] || Junior Intelligence Officer I || [[Sub-inspector of police]] || Group 'B' Non-gazetted (pay level 6) || {{INRConvert|35.4|k|lk=on}}—{{INRConvert|112.4|k|lk=on}}
|-
| [[File:Assistant_Sub-Inspector.svg|30px]] || Junior Intelligence Officer II || [[Assistant sub-inspector of police]] || Group 'C' Non-gazetted (pay level 5) || {{INRConvert|29.2|k|lk=on}}—{{INRConvert|92.3|k|lk=on}}
|-
| [[File:Police_Head_Constable.png|30px]] || Senior Security Assistant || [[Head constable]] || Group 'C' Non-gazetted (pay level 4) || {{INRConvert|25.5|k|lk=on}}—{{INRConvert|81.1|k|lk=on}}
|-
| || Security Assistant || [[Constable]] || Group 'C' Non-gazetted (pay level 3) || {{INRConvert|21.7|k|lk=on}}—{{INRConvert|69.1|k|lk=on}}
|}

==Responsibilities==
Shrouded in secrecy, the IB is used to garner intelligence from within India and also execute counter-intelligence and counter-terrorism tasks. The Bureau comprises employees from law enforcement agencies, mostly from the [[Indian Police Service]] (IPS) or the [[Indian Revenue Service]] (IRS) and the [[Indian Armed Forces]]. However, the [[Director of Intelligence Bureau (India)|Director of Intelligence Bureau]] (DIB) has always been an IPS officer. In addition to domestic intelligence responsibilities, the IB is particularly tasked with intelligence collection in border areas, following the 1951 recommendations of the Himmat Singh Ji Committee (also known as the North and North-East Border Committee), a task entrusted to the military intelligence organisations before independence in 1947.

All spheres of human activity within India and in the neighbourhood are allocated to the charter of duties of the Intelligence Bureau. The IB was also tasked with other external intelligence responsibilities from 1951 until 1968 when the [[Research and Analysis Wing]] was formed.<ref name="Nehchal Sandhu new IB director">{{cite news | url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/nehchal-sandhu-new-ib-director/716221/ | title=Nehchal Sandhu new IB director | work=The Indian Express| date=26 November 2010 | access-date=27 March 2012}}</ref>

==Activities and operations==

Understanding of the shadowy workings of the IB is largely speculative. Many times even bureau members and their family members are unaware of their whereabouts.

One known task of the IB is to clear [[licences]] to [[amateur radio]] enthusiasts.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amateur Station Operator Certificate (ASOC) |url=https://eservices.dot.gov.in/amateur-station-operator-certificate-asoc |date=28 May 2025|publisher=Department of Telecommunications Government of India.}}</ref>

The IB also passes intelligence between other Indian intelligence agencies and the police. The bureau also grants the necessary security clearances to Indian diplomats and judges before they take the oath. On rare occasions, IB officers interact with the media during a crisis. The IB is also rumoured to intercept and open around 6,000 letters daily. It also has an email spying system similar to the [[FBI]]'s [[Carnivore (software)|Carnivore]] system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.privacyinternational.org/survey/phr2003/countries/india.htm|title=Republic of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203034615/http://www.privacyinternational.org/survey/phr2003/countries/india.htm|archive-date=3 December 2010}}</ref> The bureau is authorised to conduct wiretapping without a [[Warrant (law)|warrant]].<ref name="The secret world of phone tapping">{{cite news | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20101220-the-secret-world-of-phone-tapping-745072-2010-12-08 | title=The secret world of phone tapping | work=India Today | date=9 December 2010 | access-date=27 March 2012}}</ref>

The IB was initially India's internal and external intelligence agency. Due to lapses on the part of the Intelligence Bureau to predict the [[Sino-Indian War]] of 1962, and later on, intelligence failure in the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965]], it was bifurcated in 1968 and entrusted with the task of internal intelligence only. The external intelligence branch was handed to the newly created the [[Research and Analysis Wing]].<ref name="ijic">{{Cite journal|title=Unraveling India's Foreign Intelligence: The Origins and Evolution of the Research and Analysis Wing |last= Shaffer |first=Ryan |year=2015 |volume= 28 |issue=2 |journal= International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence |doi= 10.1080/08850607.2015.992754 |pages=252–289|s2cid= 154372472 }}</ref>

The IB operated a [[counterintelligence]] programme to prevent the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] from gathering information about the preparations and activities related to the Indian nuclear weapons project, before the [[Pokhran-II]] nuclear tests.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Spying on the Bomb: American Nuclear Intelligence from Nazi Germany to Iran and North Korea|last=Richelson|first=Jeffrey|publisher=[[W. W. Norton & Company]]|year=2007|isbn=9780393329827|chapter=Pokhran Surprise|quote=India's success in preventing U.S. spy satellites from seeing signs of the planned tests days to weeks in advance was matched by its success in preventing acquisition of other types of intelligence. India's Intelligence Bureau ran an aggressive counterintelligence program, and the CIA, despite a large station in New Delhi, was unable to recruit a single Indian with information about the Vajpayee government's nuclear plans.}}</ref>

The IB had mixed success in counterterrorism. It was reported in 2008 that the IB had been successful in busting terror modules. It alerted the police before the [[25 August 2007 Hyderabad bombings|Hyderabad blasts]] and gave repeated warnings of a possible attack on Mumbai through the sea before the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]]. On the whole, however, the IB came in for some sharp criticism by the media after the relentless wave of terror attacks in 2008. The government came close to sacking top intelligence officials soon after the 26/11 attacks, because of serious lapses that led to the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/IB-R-amp-AW-brass-almost-got-the-sack-after-26-11/Article1-890202.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717110748/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/IB-R-amp-AW-brass-almost-got-the-sack-after-26-11/Article1-890202.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 July 2012|title=IB, R&AW brass almost got the sack after 26/11}}</ref> Heavy politics, under-funding and a shortage of field agents were the chief problems facing the agency. The overall strength of the agency is believed to be around 25,000, with 3500-odd field agents operating in the entire country. Of these, many were engaged in ''political intelligence''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/new-ib-chief-has-his-task-cut-out_100128955.html |title=New IB chief has his task cut out - Thaindian News |publisher=Thaindian.com |date=9 December 2008 |access-date=10 August 2012 |archive-date=15 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100315213648/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/new-ib-chief-has-his-task-cut-out_100128955.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dayafterindia.com/jan109/national5.html|title=Security cracks and the remedy|archive-date=6 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106032546/http://www.dayafterindia.com/jan109/national5.html|author=Sudha Ramachandran}}</ref>

Since 2014, the IB has undergone many reforms and changes. One of the biggest reforms was the cessation of internal political espionage. The agency has also boosted its infrastructure and recruited more agents.<ref>{{cite news |date=18 December 2018 |title=1,800 Sashastra Seema Bal personnel to move to Intelligence Bureau |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/1800-sashastra-seema-bal-personnel-to-move-to-intelligence-bureau/articleshow/67147881.cms |access-date=18 December 2018 |publisher=Economic Times |agency=PTI}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=13 July 2018 |title=Immigration rush: Intelligence Bureau to hire 550 ex-CAPF personnel at airports |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/immigration-rush-intelligence-bureau-to-hire-550-ex-capf-personnel-at-airports/articleshow/61753993.cms |access-date=13 July 2018 |publisher=EconomicTimes |agency=PTI}}</ref> It has been successful in stopping the earlier pattern of frequent terror attacks in India.<ref>{{cite news |last=Nanjappa |first=Vicky |date=29 May 2020 |title=40 kilograms of explosives: Thwarting a nightmare at Pulwama |url=https://www.oneindia.com/amphtml/india/40-kilograms-of-explosives-thwarting-a-nightmare-at-pulwama-3096180.html |access-date=29 May 2020 |work=OneIndia}}</ref> The agency has also been successful in counterintelligence.

==In Popular Culture==

The Intelligence Bureau has been depicted in films such as ''[[Bad Aur Badnam]]'' ([[Hindi]], 1984), ''[[Mukhbiir]]'' ([[Hindi]], 2008), ''[[Vandae Maatharam]]'' ([[Tamil language|Tamil]], 2010), ''[[Kahaani]]'' ([[Hindi]], 2012), ''[[Jism 2]]'' ([[Hindi]], 2012), ''[[Iru Mugan]]'' ([[Tamil language|Tamil]], 2016), ''[[Spyder (film)|Spyder]]'' ([[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], 2017), ''[[India's Most Wanted (film)|India's Most Wanted]]'' ([[Hindi]], 2019), ''[[IB71]]'', ''[[Dhurandhar]]'' and it's sequel ''[[Dhurandhar: The Revenge]]'' ([[Hindi]], 2026).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/dhurandhar-2-exploring-the-true-stories-behind-the-characters-in-the-hit-film/20260325.htm |title=Dhurandhar 2: Exploring the true stories behind the characters in the hit film |website=Rediff.com |date=25 March 2026 |access-date=28 March 2026}}</ref>

IB also featured in the Sony TV Series ''[[Yudh (TV series)|Yudh]]'', starring [[Amitabh Bachchan]].

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[List of Indian intelligence agencies]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==Footnotes==
* {{cite web|url = http://www.persmin.nic.in/EmployeesCorner/Acts_Rules/AISRule/IPSRules/IPS(Uniform)Rules(Revised).htm|title = THE INDIAN POLICE SERVICE (UNIFORM) RULES|year = 1954|access-date = 13 September 2010|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090416223152/http://persmin.nic.in/EmployeesCorner/Acts_Rules/AISRule/IPSRules/IPS(Uniform)Rules(Revised).htm|archive-date = 16 April 2009|url-status = dead}}
* {{cite web|url = https://fas.org/irp/world/india/ib/|title = World Intelligence and Security Agencies|date = December 2006|access-date = 15 November 2015|archive-date = 5 June 2014|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140605051948/http://www.fas.org/irp/world/india/ib/|url-status = dead}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* MacGregor, Lady (Ed.). ''The Life and Opinions of Major-General Sir Charles MacGregor''. 2 vols. 1888, Edinburgh
* MacGregor, General Sir Charles. ''The Defence of India''. Shimla: Government of India Press. 1884.
* Kulkarni. ''Sin of National Conscience''. 2005.

==External links==
* [https://sansad.in/getFile/BillsTexts/LSBillTexts/Asintroduced/249%20of%202019%20as.pdf?source=legislation Intelligence services powers and regulations]
*[https://vajiramandravi.com/current-affairs/ib/ Intelligence Bureau]

{{Home Ministry (India)}}
{{India topics}}
{{Indian intelligence agencies}}
{{Domestic national intelligence agencies}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Intelligence Bureau (India)| ]]
[[Category:Indian intelligence agencies]]
[[Category:1887 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1887]]
[[Category:Domestic intelligence agencies]]

Sona Mohapatra

2026-03-28T06:07:05Z

Digitalcreator: refine intro based on references and fixed typos

{{short description|Indian singer}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sona Mohapatra
| image = Sona Mohapatra snapped at a store launch in Khar (cropped).jpg
| caption = Mohapatra in 2023
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| spouse = {{marriage |[[Ram Sampath]]|2005}}
| occupation = Singer, [[composer|Music Composer]], Songwriter, Producer
}}

'''Sona Mohapatra''' is an [[India]]n singer, music composer and lyricist.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.indianexpress.com/news/on-a-different-note/608132/ | title = On a different note | date = 19 April 2010 | accessdate = 19 July 2010 | work = [[The Indian Express|The Indian Express Group]]}}</ref> In addition to her own material, Mohapatra has recorded remixes of songs by [[David Bowie]], with "[[Let's Dance (David Bowie song)|Let's Dance]]", and [[INXS]], with "[[Afterglow (INXS song)|Afterglow]]", with the latter proving particularly successful.<ref name=American>{{cite web | url = http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/american-twang/350924/ | title = American Twang | last = Jassi | first = Pallavi | date = 20 August 2008 | access-date = 19 July 2010 | publisher = The Indian Express Group | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121006002659/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/american-twang/350924/ | archive-date = 6 October 2012 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>

==Background==

Sona is from West Bengal. She did BTech engineering graduate from the [[College of Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar]] in Mechanical Engineering. She also obtained an MBA degree from [[Symbiosis International University|Symbiosis Centre for Management & HRD]], Pune in marketing and Systems.<ref name=eco/>

==Career==
Her first ventures in the music industry started with advertising. One of her most famous jingles was for Tata Salt, "Kal Ka Bharat Hai" and the campaign for [[Unilever]]'s Close Up has a section of her song "Paas Aao Na," which has been recorded in several languages and aired across 13 countries for four consecutive years.{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}} In 2007, she released her debut album, ''Sona'', on [[Sony Records]], which sought to explore the diverse styles of rock, [[rhythm and blues]], [[Flamenco]], [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani]], [[Baul]] and [[Romani music]].<ref name=First>{{cite web | url = http://www.desihits.com/news/view/first-look-at-sonas-video-diljale-20090824 | title = First Look at Sona's Video 'Diljale' | last = Rashid | first = Zayna | publisher = [[DesiHits]] | date = 24 August 2009 | accessdate = 19 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.indiantelevision.com/radio_music/y2k6/sep/15sep/sona.htm | title = Sony BMG launches a new album 'Sona' | date = 13 September 2006 | accessdate = 19 July 2010 | author = Radio & Music Reporter | publisher = [[IndianTelevision.com]]}}</ref> In 2009, she released the single Diljale & Paas Aao Na in the same year. She sang the song "Bedardi Raja" in the movie [[Delhi Belly (film)|''Delhi Belly'']] for Aamir Khan Productions<ref>{{cite web | url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-29/music-reviews/29596442_1_song-delhi-belly-saigal | title = Delhi Belly | accessdate = 16 July 2011 | date = 29 May 2011 | work = [[The Times of India]]}}{{dead link|date=October 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> and did a cameo in it. She has also sung the theme songs "Mujhe Kya Bechega Rupaiya" and "Ghar Yaad Aata Hai Mujhe" for the TV show [[Satyamev Jayate (TV series)|''Satyamev Jayate'']].{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}[[File:Sona Mohapatra at the Women's Empowerment's concert in New Delhi.jpg|thumbnail|left|Sona Mohapatra at the Women's Empowerment's concert in New Delhi, August 2012]]

Sona Mohapatra came to mainstream prominence with the talk show ''Satyamev Jayate'' with [[Aamir Khan]], in which she frequently appeared as a lead singer and performer. She was also the executive producer of the musical project on the same show. Her cameo performances recorded more than 9 million views across sites as per the latest digital count. She confessed in a 2012 interview that the project was all consuming in terms of the emotional and physical energies invested. It involved multiple lyricists, unconventional subjects, and lots of brainstorming on the songs, lyrics, shoots and recordings. To top it all, all songs were translated and recorded in multiple languages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/sona-mohapatra-hands-full-with-satyamev-jayate/264941-44-124.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120611052643/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/sona-mohapatra-hands-full-with-satyamev-jayate/264941-44-124.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-06-11|title=News18.com: CNN News18 Latest News, Breaking News India, Current News Headlines|website=News18}}</ref> According to Sona, "Oriya influences in Bollywood are rare as yet – unlike an overdose of Punjabi, Rajasthani, Bengali and even Southern music". The song "Mujhe Kya Bechega Rupaiya," sung by Mohapatra, was composed by [[Ram Sampath]] and was aired on the third episode of ''Satyamev Jayate'', based on celebrating women's freedom. The song has received over 26 million hits on [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]' YouTube channel.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.samaylive.com/entertainment-news/676504732/satyamev-jayate-sona-mohapatra-s-rupaiya-song.html |title=Satyamev Jayate: Sona Mohapatra's Rupaiya Song |access-date=2012-07-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629062559/http://english.samaylive.com/entertainment-news/676504732/satyamev-jayate-sona-mohapatra-s-rupaiya-song.html |archive-date=29 June 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Personal life==

Mohapatra is married to [[Ram Sampath]], a song composer and music director in [[Bollywood]]. She first met him in 2002, while she was still working as a brand manager with [[Marico]]. They were introduced by director [[Ram Madhvani]], with whom Sampath was working for ''[[Let's Talk (2002 film)|Let's Talk]]'' (2002); they married in 2005.<ref name=eco>{{cite web| title = Music's in the air: The Inside Story of Ram Sampath and Sona Mohapatra|publisher= Economy Decoded| url = http://economydecoded.com/2013/06/musics-in-air-inside-story-of-ram.html| accessdate = 12 September 2013}}</ref><ref name="rediff11"/> Ram later became a household name for his innovative score of the film ''[[Delhi Belly (film)|Delhi Belly]]'' (2011), followed by ''[[Satyamev Jayate (TV series)|Satyamev Jayate]]'' (2012) and ''[[Talaash (2012 film)|Talaash]]'' (2012).<ref name="rediff11">{{Cite web | title = Ram Sampath: Delhi Belly is behind me | url = http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-interview-with-ram-sampath-and-sona-mohapatra/20110728.htm | publisher = Rediff.com Movies |page=6| date = 28 July 2011 | accessdate = 3 July 2013 }}</ref> She is partners with Sampath in their music production house OmGrown Music and reside in [[Mumbai]],<ref>{{cite web | title = Sona Mohapatra|url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120630/jsp/entertainment/story_15673045.jsp#.UjGP-dI3A4o |archive-url = https://archive.today/20130912100934/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120630/jsp/entertainment/story_15673045.jsp%23.UjGP-dI3A4o |url-status = dead |archive-date = 12 September 2013 |work=The Telegraph|date= 30 June 2012| accessdate = 12 September 2013}}</ref> where they also have their own studios.
{{clear left}}

==Controversies==
In October 2018, she accused [[Kailash Kher]] and [[Anu Malik]] of sexual misconduct.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian #MeToo Row: Sona Mohapatra Accuses Kailash Kher of Sexual Misconduct - HeadLines Today |url=https://headlinestoday.org/entertainment/3639/indian-metoo-row-sona-mohapatra-accuses-kailash-kher-of-sexual-misconduct/ |website=headlinestoday.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sona Mohapatra: Kailash Kher put a hand on my thigh, invited me to his room |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/sona-mohapatra-kailash-kher-put-a-hand-on-my-thigh-invited-me-to-his-room-1360192-2018-10-10 |accessdate=11 October 2018 |work=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
In 2019, Mohapatra received a death threat after she lashed out at [[Salman Khan]] for constantly taking digs at [[Priyanka Chopra Jonas|Priyanka Chopra]] for leaving [[Bharat (film)|''Bharat'']].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sona-mohapatra-responds-to-the-death-threats-from-a-salman-khan-fan-by-sharing-screenshots-on-social-media/articleshow/69553990.cms|title=Sona Mohapatra responds to death threats from a Salman Khan fan by sharing screenshots on social media - Times of India ►|website=The Times of India|date=29 May 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/sona-mohapatra-gets-abusive-death-threat-from-salman-khan-fan-after-blasting-actor-shares-screenshot-1537208-2019-05-29|title=Sona Mohapatra gets abusive death threat from troll after blasting Salman Khan, shares screenshot|date=29 May 2019|website=India Today}}</ref>

==Documentary==
Mohapatra released a [[documentary film]] based on her life called ''[[Shut Up Sona]]'' which won multiple awards at different film festivals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/singer-sona-mohapatra-open-up-about-her-recent-struggle-and-no-work-days-31621861632532.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524153417/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/singer-sona-mohapatra-open-up-about-her-recent-struggle-and-no-work-days-31621861632532.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 May 2021|title = হাতে কাজ নেই, সব সঞ্চয় ছবি বানাতে খরচ করেছেন, মুখ খুললেন সোনা মহাপাত্র|date = 24 May 2021}}</ref>

==Discography==

===Bollywood===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%" textcolor:#000;"
! scope="col" width=20%|Film
! scope="col" width=5%|Year
! scope="col" width=22%|Song
! scope="col" width=19%|Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16%|Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=17%|Co-singer(s)
! scope="col" width=1%|Ref.
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Family (2006 film)|Family]]''
| 2006
| "Lori"
| rowspan=4| [[Ram Sampath]]
| [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]]
|
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Lori song details |url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/lori/id514549335?i=514549343|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206190432/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/lori/id514549335?i=514549343|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 December 2014|publisher=[[iTunes]]|accessdate=27 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=2| ''[[Jumbo (2008 film)|Jumbo]]''
| rowspan=2| 2008
| "Chayee Madhoshiyan"
| rowspan=2| Israr Ansari
| rowspan=2| [[Sonu Nigam]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Chayee Madhoshiyan song details |url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/chayee-madhoshiyan-dil-dhadkane/id510334657?i=510334720|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206190351/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/chayee-madhoshiyan-dil-dhadkane/id510334657?i=510334720|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 December 2014|publisher=[[iTunes]]|accessdate=27 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
| "Chayee Madhoshiyan" {{small|(Remix Version)}}
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Chayee Madhoshiyan (Remix) song details |url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/chayee-madhoshiyan-dil-dhadkane/id510334657?i=510334730|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206190416/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/chayee-madhoshiyan-dil-dhadkane/id510334657?i=510334730|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 December 2014|publisher=[[iTunes]]|accessdate=27 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Aagey Se Right]]''
| 2009
| "Daav Laga"
| [[Munna Dhiman]]
|
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Daav Laga song details | date=13 August 2009 |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/daav-laga/327458083?i=327458128|publisher=[[iTunes]]|access-date=27 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[I Hate Luv Storys]]''
| 2010
| "Bahara"
| [[Vishal–Shekhar]]
| [[Kumaar]]
| [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Bahara song details | date=24 May 2010 |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/bahara/372906465?i=372906483|publisher=[[iTunes]]|access-date=4 October 2014}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=3| ''[[Delhi Belly (film)|Delhi Belly]]''
| rowspan=3| 2011
| "Bedardi Raja"
| rowspan=3| Ram Sampath
| rowspan=3| Akshat Verma
| rowspan=2|
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Bedardi Raja song details |url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/bedardi-raja/id508299036?i=508299044|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206190425/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/bedardi-raja/id508299036?i=508299044|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 December 2014|publisher=[[iTunes]]|accessdate=4 October 2014}}</ref>
|-
| "Bedardi Raja" {{small|(Grind Mix Version)}}
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Bedardi Raja (Grind Mix) song details |url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/bedardi-raja-grind-mix/id508299036?i=508299045|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206190418/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/bedardi-raja-grind-mix/id508299036?i=508299045|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 December 2014|publisher=[[iTunes]]|accessdate=4 October 2014}}</ref>
|-
| "I Hate You (Like I Love You)"
| [[Keerthi Sagathia]], Shazneen Arethna
| <ref>{{cite web |title=I Hate You (Like I Love You) song details |url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/bedardi-raja-grind-mix/id508299036?i=508299045|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206190418/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/bedardi-raja-grind-mix/id508299036?i=508299045|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 December 2014|publisher=[[iTunes]]|accessdate=4 October 2014}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Talaash: The Answer Lies Within]]''
| 2012
| "Jiya Laage Na"
| Ram Sampath
| [[Javed Akhtar]]
| Ravindra Upadhyay
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Jiya Laage Na song details |url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/jiya-lage-na/id571848384?i=571848417|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140916082819/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/jiya-lage-na/id571848384?i=571848417|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 September 2014|publisher=[[iTunes]]|accessdate=4 October 2014}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Fukrey]]''
| rowspan=2| 2013
| "Ambarsariya"
| Ram Sampath
| Munna Dhiman
| rowspan=3|
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Ambarsariya song details |url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/ambarsariya/id648034200?i=648034635|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817201333/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/ambarsariya/id648034200?i=648034635|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 August 2014|publisher=[[iTunes]]|accessdate=4 October 2014}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Bajatey Raho]]''
| "Khurafati Akhiyan"
| [[Jaidev Kumar]]
| Kumaar
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Khurafati Akhiyan song details |url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/khurafati-akhiyan/id671779641?i=671779645|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206190410/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/khurafati-akhiyan/id671779641?i=671779645|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 December 2014|publisher=[[iTunes]]|accessdate=4 October 2014}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Purani Jeans]]''
| rowspan=3| 2014
| "Dil Aaj Kal" {{small|(Acoustic Version)}}
| Ram Sampath
| Prashant Ingole
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Dil Aaj Kal (Unplugged) song details |url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/dil-aaj-kal-acoustic-version/id857915172?i=857915433|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206190342/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/dil-aaj-kal-acoustic-version/id857915172?i=857915433|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 December 2014|publisher=[[iTunes]]|accessdate=4 October 2014}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Khoobsurat (2014 film)|Khoobsurat]]''
| "Naina"
| Amal Malik
| Kumaar
| [[Armaan Malik]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Naina song details |url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/naina/id916733550?i=916733567|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141201221441/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/naina/id916733550?i=916733567|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 December 2014|publisher=[[iTunes]]|accessdate=4 October 2014}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Ekkees Toppon Ki Salaami]]''
| "Ghoor Ghoor Ke"
| Ram Sampath
| Sandeep Nath
|
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Ghoor Ghoor Ke song details |url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/ghoor-ghoor-ke/id920390480?i=920390490|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206190438/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/ghoor-ghoor-ke/id920390480?i=920390490|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 December 2014|publisher=[[iTunes]]|accessdate=4 October 2014}}
</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Hunterrr]]''
| 2015
| "Chori Chori"
| Khamosh Nath
|
| [[Arijit Singh]]
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Raman Raghav 2.0]]''
|rowspan="2"|2016
|"Qatle-E-Aam"
|[[Ram Sampath]]
|Varun Grover
|Yash Divecha
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Global Baba]]''
|"Holi Me Ude"
|Angel Roman
&
Faizan Hussain
|Shurya Upadhyay
|[[Khesari Lal Yadav]]
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Saand Ki Aankh]]''
|2019
| "Baby Gold"
|[[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]
|[[Raj Shekhar]]
|[[Jyotica Tangri]]
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Taish]]''
|2020
|"Re Bawree (Jahan Lost in Love)"
| Govind Vasantha
| Hussain Haidry
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Laapataa Ladies]]''
|2024
|"Beda Paar"
|[[Ram Sampath]]
|Prashant Pandey
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Laapataa Ladies {{!}} Song - Beda Paar (Lyrical) {{!}} Hindi Video Songs - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/laapataa-ladies-song-beda-paar-lyrical/videoshow/108682191.cms |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|}

===TV===
* [[Satyamev Jayate (TV series)|''Satyamev Jayate'']] – Mujhe Kya Bechega Rupaiya, Ghar Yaad Aata Hai Mujhe, Chanda Pe Dance, and Bekhauff

===Studio album===
* ''Sona'' (Songs – Bolo Na, Aja Ve, Tere Ishq Nachaya, Abhi Nahin Ana)

===Compilation===
* ''Love is'' (2007) – [[Afterglow (INXS song)|Afterglow]]
* ''Teri Deewani'' – Ishq Nachaya
* ''Aao Ji'' – Aja Ve
* ''Soulful Sufi'' (2009) – Abhi Nahin Anaa<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newodisha.in/sona-mohapatra-odia-singer-profile-biography/|title=Sona Mohapatra Odia Singer Profile, Career & Biography|date=6 August 2013}}</ref>

===Video===
*[[Dekh Le]] (2013)

=== Covers ===

* "Zalima" (from ''Raees)''

=== Non-film songs ===

* "Mon Ke Bojhai" with Sahil Solanki
* "Ghane Badra"
* "Aigiri Nandini"
* "Piya Se Naina"
* "Anhad Naad"
* "Piya Se Naina" on Coke Studio Season 3
* "[[Rangabati]]" on [[Coke Studio (India)#Episode 4 .2805 July 2015.29|Coke Studio]] (India), 2015<ref>{{YouTube|LY_rMXXuJp8|Rangabati - Ram Sampath, Sona Mohapatra & Rituraj Mohanty - Coke Studio@MTV Season 4}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Will never apologise for my rendition of 'Rangabati': Sona|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/will-never-apologise-for-my-rendition-of-rangabati-sona-115070900788_1.html|work=[[Business Standard]]|date=9 July 2015}}</ref>

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
! width=5%|Year
! width=25%|Category
! width=25%|Nominated Song
! width=29%|Film
! width=15%|Result
! width=1%|Ref
|-
| colspan=6 style="text-align: center; background:#ddd; "| '''[[Screen Awards]]'''
|-
| 2014
| [[Screen Award for Best Female Playback|Best Female Playback Singer]]
| "Ambarsariya"
| ''[[Fukrey]]''
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{cite news|title=Screen Awards 2014: Complete list of Nominees|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/20th-annual-screen-awards-2014-the-complete-list-of-nominees/444093-8-66.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108104623/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/20th-annual-screen-awards-2014-the-complete-list-of-nominees/444093-8-66.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 January 2014|publisher=[[CNN-IBN]]|accessdate=4 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
| colspan=6 style="text-align: center; background:#ddd; "| '''[[Star Guild Awards]]'''
|-
| 2014
| [[Star Guild Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]
| "Ambarsariya"
| ''Fukrey''
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{cite news|title=Guild Awards 2014 Nominations|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/9th-edition-renault-star-guild-awards-deepika-padukone-amitabh-bachchan-shah-rukh-khan-bollywood-177126-2014-01-15|publisher=indiatoday|access-date=4 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
| colspan=6 style="text-align: center; background:#ddd; "| '''[[BIG Star Entertainment Awards]]'''
|-
| 2013
| Most Entertaining Female Singer
| "Ambarsariya"
| ''Fukrey''
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{cite news|title=Nominations for 4th Big Star Entertainment Awards|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/5890/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216182337/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/5890|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 December 2013|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|accessdate=4 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
| colspan=6 style="text-align: center; background:#ddd; "| '''[[Mirchi Music Awards]]'''
|-
| 2014
| Female Vocalist of the Year
| "Ambarsariya"
| ''Fukrey''
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{cite news|title=Mirchi Music Awards 2014 Nominees|url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/bollywood/nomination.php|publisher=Mirchi Music Awards|access-date=4 September 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140823045621/http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/bollywood/nomination.php|archive-date=23 August 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=June 2018}}
|-
| [[10th Mirchi Music Awards|2017]]
| Indie Pop Song of the Year
| "Ankahee"
| -
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2017/nominations/|title=Nominations - Mirchi Music Awards 2017|website=MMAMirchiMusicAwards|access-date=2018-03-13}}</ref>
|-
| colspan=6 style="text-align: center; background:#ddd; "| '''Global Indian Musical Awards (GiMA Awards) '''
|-
| 2013
| Best Female Playback Singer
| "Jiya Laage Na"
| ''[[Talaash: The Answer Lies Within]]''
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{cite news|title=GiMA Awards 2014 Nominees|url=http://www.gima.co.in/2013_film_nominees.php|publisher=gima.co.in|access-date=4 September 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012074848/http://www.gima.co.in/2013_film_nominees.php|archive-date=12 October 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* {{official website|http://www.sonamohapatra.com}}
* [http://www.newodisha.in/sona-mohapatra-odia-singer-profile-biography/ Sona Mohapatra Biography]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohapatra, Sona}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian women singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Odia-language playback singers]]
[[Category:College of Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar alumni]]
[[Category:Singers from Odisha]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Sajini Shinde Ka Viral Video

2026-03-22T21:48:27Z

Digitalcreator: made first article more to come

{{short description|2023 black comedy mystery film by Mikhil Musale}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sajini Shinde Ka Viral Video
| image = Sajini Shinde Ka Viral Video film poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Mikhil Musale]]
| producer = [[Dinesh Vijan]]
| writer = {{unbulleted list | Mikhil Musale | Parinda Joshi | Anu Singh Choudhary | [[Kshitij Patwardhan]]}}
| starring = {{unbulleted list | [[Radhika Madan]] | [[Nimrat Kaur]] | [[Bhagyashree]] | [[Subodh Bhave]] | [[Chinmay Mandlekar]]}}
| music = '''Score:''' [[Hitesh Sonik]] '''Songs:''' [[Tanishk Bagchi]] Swager Boy Shruti Dhasmana Aatman Nepali Mellow D SlowCheeta Shwetang Shankar Pratiksha Kale
| cinematography = Tribhuvan Babu Sadineni
| editing = Devang Desai
| studio = [[Maddock Films]]
| distributor = [[Pen Studios|Pen Marudhar Entertainment]]
| runtime = 114 minutes<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/sajini-shinde-ka-viral-video-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmde3mtyy |title=''Sajini Shinde Ka Viral Video'' (15) |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |date=26 October 2023 |access-date=26 October 2023 |archive-date=26 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026193815/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/sajini-shinde-ka-viral-video-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmde3mtyy |url-status=live}}</ref>
| released = {{film date|2023|10|27|df=yes}}
| country = India
| budget = 
| gross = 
| language = Hindi
}}
'''''Sajini Shinde Ka Viral Video''''' ({{Translation|Sajini Shinde's Viral Video}}) is a 2023 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[mystery film]] directed by [[Mikhil Musale]] and produced by [[Dinesh Vijan]] via his company [[Maddock Films]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/sajni-shinde-ka-viral-video-trailer-nimrat-kaur-investigates-radhika-madan-mysterious-death-watch-101697107753497.html |title=Sajni Shinde Ka Viral Video trailer: Nimrat Kaur investigates Radhika Madan's mysterious death |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=12 October 2023 |access-date=17 October 2023 |archive-date=16 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016191945/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/sajni-shinde-ka-viral-video-trailer-nimrat-kaur-investigates-radhika-madan-mysterious-death-watch-101697107753497.html |url-status=live}}</ref> It stars [[Nimrat Kaur]], [[Radhika Madan]], [[Bhagyashree]] and [[Subodh Bhave]] as leads.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/sajini-shinde-ka-viral-video-trailer-out-nimrat-kaur-radhika-madan-promise-edge-of-seat-suspense-2448072-2023-10-12 |title=Sajini Shinde Ka...' trailer out: Nimrat, Radhika promise edge-of-seat suspense |work=India Today |date=12 October 2023 |access-date=17 October 2023 |archive-date=18 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018115557/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/sajini-shinde-ka-viral-video-trailer-out-nimrat-kaur-radhika-madan-promise-edge-of-seat-suspense-2448072-2023-10-12 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The film was released on 27 October 2023.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/sajini-shinde-ka-viral-video-trailer-nimrat-kaur-radhika-madan-bhagyashree-promise-a-compelling-thriller-8614231.html |title=Sajini Shinde Ka Viral Video Trailer: Nimrat Kaur, Radhika Madan, Bhagyashree Promise A Compelling Thriller |work=News18 |date=12 October 2023 |access-date=17 October 2023 |archive-date=18 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018004559/https://www.news18.com/movies/sajini-shinde-ka-viral-video-trailer-nimrat-kaur-radhika-madan-bhagyashree-promise-a-compelling-thriller-8614231.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Sajini Shinde is a physics teacher in a reputed school in [[Pune]]. The film starts with a party scene in [[Singapore]] where Sajini, her friend Shraddha and others are celebrating Sajini's birthday. Sajini is apprehensive about partying at a nightclub, but her fiancé, Siddhant Kadam, urges her to do so. Sajini decides to let go of her inhibitions and enjoy the night. After having a few drinks, Sajini dances. Sharaddha accidentally posts the video of Sajini dancing on the school's Whatsapp group. The video goes viral and evokes an adverse public response in her city, in her school and in her hometown, [[Ahmednagar]]. As a young school teacher from a small town stuck between traditional values and modern ambitions, Sajini finds herself in a nightmarish situation. After she returns to India, she is promptly sacked by the school principal under pressure from outraged parents and committee members. She requests the principal to reinstate her, but she refuses.

Sajini's father is a reputed theatre actor. He is autocratic by nature and her family is conservative. She realises that she has nowhere to go. Sajini disappears after leaving a suicide note on her social media account blaming her family and fiancé for her suicide. Shraddha causes the Pune polices to take action. This incident turns into a major public uproar and the police are pressured into investigating Sajini's disappearance. Inspector Barot and Inspector Ram are deputed to solve the case.

== Cast ==
{{Castlist|

* [[Radhika Madan]] as Sajini Suryakant Shinde
* [[Nimrat Kaur]] as Inspector Bela Barot
* [[Bhagyashree]] as the school principal, Kalyani Pandit
* [[Subodh Bhave]] as Suryakant Shinde, Sajini's father
* Soham Majumdar as Siddhant Kadam, Sajini's fiancée
* [[Chinmay Mandlekar]] as Inspector Ram Pawar
* Shruti Vyas as Shraddha Oswal, Sajini's friend
* [[Sumeet Vyas]] as Lalit Gandhi, Siddhant's lawyer
* Sneha Raikar as Urmila Shinde, Sajini's mother
* Ashutosh Gaikwad as Aakash Shinde, Sajini's younger brother
* Rashmi Agdekar as Chhavi Joshi, Sajini's roommate and friend
* [[Kiran Karmarkar]] as Yashwant Desai, Suryakant's lawyer
* Kavi Shastri as Jayant
* Devarshi Shah as Dhruv
* Akshay Tanksale as Milind Sabne
* Gurinder Pawar as Manav Rathi
* Pallavi Jadhao as Jyoti
* Disha Danade as Ranjana
* [[Priyanshu Chatterjee]]}}

== Production ==
=== Development ===
The film was initially titled ''Happy Teacher's Day'', which was later changed to ''Sajini Shinde Ka Viral Video''.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/nimrat-kaur-radhika-madan-to-star-in-happy-teachers-day-8131807/ |title=Nimrat Kaur, Radhika Madan to star in Happy Teachers' Day |work=The Indian Express |date=5 September 2022 |access-date=17 October 2023 |archive-date=30 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030211028/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/nimrat-kaur-radhika-madan-to-star-in-happy-teachers-day-8131807/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/happy-teachers-day-nimrat-kaur-radhika-madan-to-share-screen-in-mikhil-musale-film-watch-announcement-video-5891239.html |title=Happy Teacher's Day: Nimrat Kaur-Radhika Madan to Share Screen in Mikhil Musale Film, Watch Announcement Video |work=News18 |date=5 September 2022 |access-date=17 October 2023 |archive-date=23 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023141205/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/happy-teachers-day-nimrat-kaur-radhika-madan-to-share-screen-in-mikhil-musale-film-watch-announcement-video-5891239.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
[[Principal photography]] commenced in September 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 September 2022 |title=Nimrat Kaur and Radhika Madan starrer 'Happy Teachers Day' begins shooting in Pune |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/nimrat-kaur-radhika-madan-starrer-happy-teachers-day-begins-shooting-pune/ |access-date=17 October 2023 |work=Bollywood Hunagama |archive-date=30 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030195235/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/nimrat-kaur-radhika-madan-starrer-happy-teachers-day-begins-shooting-pune/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Production [[wrap (filming)|wrapped]] first schedule in November 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 November 2022 |title=Nimrat Kaur wraps up first schedule of social-thriller 'Happy Teachers' Day' in Pune |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/nimrat-kaur-wraps-up-first-schedule-of-social-thriller-happy-teachers-day-in-pune/articleshow/95332301.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=17 October 2023 |archive-date=23 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223052046/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/nimrat-kaur-wraps-up-first-schedule-of-social-thriller-happy-teachers-day-in-pune/articleshow/95332301.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Music==
{{Infobox album
| name = Sajini Shinde Ka Viral Video
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Tanishk Bagchi]], Swager Boy, Shruti Dhasmana, Aatman Nepali, Mellow D, SlowCheeta, Shwetang Shankar and Pratiksha Kale
| released = 3 November 2023<ref name="jiosaavn">{{cite web |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/sajini-shinde-ka-viral-video/qPRXw96cw,A_ |title=Sajini Shinde Ka Viral Video – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack |date=3 November 2023 |publisher=Jiosaavn |access-date=3 November 2023 |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103141946/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/sajini-shinde-ka-viral-video/qPRXw96cw,A_ |url-status=live}}</ref>
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| recorded = 2022
| length = 12:17
| language = Hindi
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]
| producer =
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio|{{YouTube|84Idflx6_NQ|Sajini Shinde Ka Viral Video - Full Album}}
}}
}}

The music of the film is composed by
[[Tanishk Bagchi]], Swager Boy, Shruti Dhasmana, Aatman Nepali, Mellow D, SlowCheeta, Shwetang Shankar and Pratiksha Kale while lyrics written by Swager Boy, Shloke Lal, Rimi Dhar, Mellow D, SlowCheeta, Shwetang Shankar and Pratiksha Kale.<ref name="jiosaavn"/>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| total_length = 12:17
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Nana Chi Taang
| extra1 = Swager Boy, Shreya Jain
| lyrics1 = Swager Boy, Shloke Lal
| music1 = [[Tanishk Bagchi]], Swager Boy
| length1 = 3:06
| title2 = Dil Mera
| extra2 = Shruti Dhasmana
| lyrics2 = Rimi Dhar
| music2 = Shruti Dhasmana, Aatman Nepali
| length2 = 3:43
| title3 = Girls Night Out
| extra3 = [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]], Sharvi Yadav
| lyrics3 = Mellow D
| music3 = Mellow D
| length3 = 2:47
| title4 = Gheun Taak
| extra4 = SlowCheeta, Shwetang Shankar, Pratiksha Kale
| lyrics4 = SlowCheeta
| music4 = SlowCheeta, Shwetang Shankar, Pratiksha Kale
| length4 = 2:41
}}
== Critical reception ==
{{Rotten Tomatoes prose|40|5|5|consensus=}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sajini Shinde Ka Viral Video {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/sajini_shinde_ka_viral_video |access-date=3 February 2025 |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|23846874}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|sajini-shinde-ka-viral-video}}

{{Portal bar|India|Film|Bollywood}}

[[Category:Indian mystery thriller films]]
[[Category:2023 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2023 thriller films]]
[[Category:Films set in Pune]]
[[Category:Maddock Films films]]

Sack of Magadha

2026-03-15T14:50:54Z

Digitalcreator: made the article initial version

{{Short description|Part of Ghurid campaigns in India}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Ghurid raids of Magadha
| place = [[Bihar]]
| date = 1199—1200 or 1202–1203 (disputed)
| territory = Parts of Bihar annexed by the [[Ghurid dynasty|Ghurid Empire]]
| result = [[Ghurid dynasty|Ghurid]] victory
| combatant1 = [[Ghurid Dynasty]]
| combatant2 = Local chieftains
| commander1 = [[Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji|Bakhtiyar Khalji]]
| commander2 = Unknown
| strength1 = 200
| strength2 = Unknown
| casualties1 = Unknown
| casualties2 = Heavy
| partof = [[Ghurid campaigns in India]]
}}

The Khalji Raids into Magadha,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Scharfe |first=Hartmut |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7s19sZFRxCUC&q=Bakhtiyar+Khalji%27s+Conquest+of+Bihar |title=Handbook of Oriental Studies |date=2002 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-12556-8 |pages=150 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ray |first=Aniruddha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4TslDwAAQBAJ&q=Conquest+ |title=Towns and Cities of Medieval India: A Brief Survey |date=2016-09-13 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-351-99731-7 |pages=161 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Choubey |first=Asha Shukla |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zbBHEAAAQBAJ&q=Bakhtiyar+Khalji%27s+Conquest+of+Bihar |title=Crafts and Craftsmen in Pre-colonial Eastern India: Technology and Culture |date=2021-11-29 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-47769-6 |language=en}}</ref> were military campaigns of the [[Ghurid Empire]] led by the Ghurid commander [[Bakhtiyar Khalji]] in the early 13th century.<ref>The dates of the expedition are disputed.
*'''1199—1200''': "The fortified monastery which Bakhtyār captured probably in 1199 A.D. was known as Audand-Bihar or [[Odantapuri|Odandapura-vihāra]]. According to all Muslim historians, Muhammad Bakhtyär led his army a second time in the direction of Bihar in the year following the sack of the fortified monastery of that name. This year, i.e. 1200 A.D., he was busy consolidating his hold over that province, …" ({{Harvard citation no brackets|Sarkar|1943|p=3}})
*'''1202–1203''': "It is probable that they were destroyed. Ikhtiyar-ud-din followed up his success by capturing [[Vikramashila|Vikramasila]] and [[Nalanda mahavihara|Nalanda]], two other university towns, and by building a fortress at [[Odantapuri|Uddandapur]]. This took place in 1202-3 A.D." ({{Harvard citation no brackets|Srivastava|1971|p=42}})
*'''1203–1205''' "Hoping to extend his dominion further, sometime between 1203 and 1205 he marched towards the east and annexed the province of Bihar (which was then known as [[Magadha]]) and added this territory to his expanding state." ({{Harvard citation no brackets|Khan|2013|loc=MUHAMMAD BAKHTIYAR KHALJI}})</ref> Bakhtiyar successfully captured [[Bihar]], incorporating it into the [[Ghurid Empire]], before proceeding with his [[Ghurid conquest of Bengal|invasion of Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OUQwAAAAYAAJ |title=Islam in India |date=1989 |publisher=Vikas Publishing House |pages=269 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Qasem |first=M. A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=obs9AAAAMAAJ |title=Muslim Rule in India: From the Invasion of Muhammad-bin-Qasim to the Battle of Plassey, 712-1757 A.D. |date=1958 |publisher=Z.A. Qasem |pages=67 |language=en}}</ref>

==The conquest==
Muhammad [[Bakhtiyar Khalji]] advanced towards [[Bihar]] with a mere 200 soldiers, yet he accomplished the relatively easy capture of one of its most heavily fortified forts, [[Odantapuri|Udantapuri]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Siddiqi |first=Iqtidar Husain |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DJbmTL8svpwC&q=Bakhtiyar%27s+Conquest+of+Bihar |title=Indo-Persian Historiography Up to the Thirteenth Century |date=2010 |publisher=Primus Books |isbn=978-81-908918-0-6 |pages=134 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Khan|2013|p=15}}</ref> While local inhabitants did resist the [[Bakhtiyar Khalji|Ghurid]] general and his forces, resulting in significant casualties on both sides. Despite emerging from his fort to engage in battle with great courage, the ruler was ultimately defeated and killed in the ensuing confrontation with the Khalji commander.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Samaddar |first=Jogindra Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ENxHAAAAMAAJ |title=The Glories of Magadha |date=1990 |publisher=K.P. Jayaswal Research Institute |pages=XXXIII-XXXVI |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=O'malley |first=L. S. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ONw8apR5mVYC&q=Bakhtiyar%27s+Conquest+of+Bihar |title=Bihar And Orissa District Gazetteers : Monghyr |date=2007 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7268-135-7 |pages=33 |language=en}}</ref>
===Destruction of Nalanda and Vikramshila===
It is highly likely that during this particular conquest, as recorded by the Tibetan chronicler Taranath in the 15th century, [[Bakhtiyar Khalji|Bakhtiyar]] also seized the monastic cities of [[Vikramsila]] and [[Nalanda]], and proceeded to raze them to the ground. He mercilessly slaughtered all the residents and plundered a great amount of riches, which he then delivered to Sultan of Delhi, [[Qutubuddin Aibak]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Srivastava |first=Ashok Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZK45AQAAIAAJ |title=The Life and Times of Kutb-ud-din Aibak |date=1972 |publisher=Govind Satish Prakashan |pages=145–150 |language=en}}</ref>

Muhammad [[Bakhtiyar Khalji]] demolished ancient centers of learning at Nalanda and Vikramshila before orchestrating a widespread massacre upon entering the fort, historical evidence suggests otherwise. The prevailing consensus among historians refutes the portrayal of [[Bakhtiyar Khalji]] as a merciless and bloodthirsty military leader. Instead, a more nuanced understanding reveals that [[Bakhtiyar Khalji]]'s actions were not marked by cruelty or ruthlessness, challenging the traditional narrative that has painted him in an unfavorable light.<ref name=":0" />

The three kings of the [[Later Guptas|Guptas of Jayapura]] dynasty who likely lived in the first half of the 12th century. They were vassals of the Palas, as Monghyr was part of the [[Pala Empire|Pala kingdom]] until the mid-12th century. After the decline of the Palas, Rajadityagupta declared independence. His son, Krishnagupta, passed away before him. Rajadityagupta was succeeded by his grandson, Sangramagupta. It is believed that Sarhgramagupta, another ruler of the Guptas, was a contemporary of Lakshmanasena. The Guptas' power was likely ended by Muhammad Bakhtyär Khalji in the early 13th century during the reign of Sangramagupta.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ramakrishnan|2001|p=49}}</ref>

== Aftermath ==
{{Main|Ghurid conquest of Bengal}}
After consolidating control over Bihar and nearby areas by establishing military garrisons ([[Thana|thanas]]), he prepared to invade [[Bengal]], then ruled by [[Lakshmana Sena]] of the [[Sena dynasty]]. Bakhtiyar Khalji advanced rapidly and reached the gates of the Sena ruler’s palace in Nadia with almost no resistance. According to [[Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani|Minhaj al-Siraj]], he rode so fast that only 18 horsemen could keep up with him. The Sena king fled through a back door of the palace, escaping with his family and close aides toward a refuge near modern [[Dhaka]]. Bakhtiyar Khalji did not chase him. His swift capture of Nadia prior to 1204 marked the end of the Sena dynasty.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Khan|2013|pp=16–17}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |author-link=Jadunath Sarkar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DiUKAQAAIAAJ |title=The History of Bengal |publisher=University of Dacca |year=1943 |volume=II |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ramakrishnan |first=S. |url=https://archive.org/details/struggleforempir05bhar |title=History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 05, The Struggle For Empire |date=2001 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |others=Public Resource}}
* {{Cite book |last=Srivastava |first=A. L. |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.scoerat.1789historyofindia1000adto1707ad |title=History of India 1000 A D to 1707 A D |date=1971 |publisher=Shiva Lal Agarwala & Company |edition=3rd |location=Agra}}
* {{Cite book |last=Khan |first=Muhammad Mojlum |author-link=Muhammad Mojlum Khan |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Muslim_Heritage_of_Bengal.html?id=pp7ikgEACAAJ |title=The Muslim Heritage of Bengal: The Lives, Thoughts and Achievements of Great Muslim Scholars, Writers and Reformers of Bangladesh and West Bengal |date=2013 |publisher=Kube Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-84774-052-6 |language=en}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:1200s conflicts]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1999]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Ghurid dynasty]]
[[Category:Ghurid dynasty]]
[[Category:Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent]]

Vera Collum

2026-03-15T08:45:30Z

Digitalcreator: made a details w/ infobox

{{short description|Journalist, anthropologist, photographer, radiographer and writer.}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Vera Collum
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Vera Christina Chute Collum died 1957.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_name = Vera Christina Chute Collum
| birth_date = 4 April 1883
| birth_place = Umballa, India
| death_date = {{death date and age|1957|02|25|1883|04|04|df=y}}
| death_place = Guildford, Surrey, England
| education =
| alma_mater =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}

'''Vera Christina Chute Collum''' (4 April 1883<ref>1939 England and Wales Register for Vera C C Collum</ref> – 25 February 1957), was a British journalist, suffragist, anthropologist, photographer, radiographer and writer.

==Biography==

Vera Christina Chute Collum was born in [[Ambala|Umballa]], India in 1883 to Betty Chute Ellis and Lucius Joseph Collum. She came to England as a child after her father died. Her mother remarried but Collum never got on with her step-father, John Prosser Adams. Her grandfather was the South Australian [[John Ellis (pastoralist)|John Ellis]]<ref name="Thomas Duck 2019"/>

==World War I==
[[File:Vera Chute Collum.jpg|thumb|upright|Unknown date and photographer]]
Collum ran the press office of the [[National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies]] in London in 1914. There she was strongly involved in the suffrage movement. When [[World War I]] started she volunteered to help with the [[Scottish Women's Hospitals]], serving from February 1915 to November 1917.<ref name=Medal/> Her initial deployment was to [[Scottish Women's Hospital at Royaumont|Royaumont Abbey]], the military hospital also called Hôpital Auxiliare which was set up to treat wounded French soldiers. She worked with [[Ruth Nicholson]] there. Collum started as an orderly but was then trained as a radiographer in the new department. She became extremely experienced and developed the skill. However, in March 1916 she was sent home for rest and recuperation. But on her return journey on 24 March from [[Folkestone]] to [[Dieppe]], her ferry the [[SS Sussex|SS ''Sussex'']], was torpedoed. Collum was badly injured.<ref>[[Lyn MacDonald]], ''The Roses of No Man's Land''. London, Macmillan, 1980. pp. 139-143.</ref> Between 50 and 100 people were killed. Collum was sent back to England for treatment and returned to her post before July 1916. The French Government awarded Collum the [[Military Health Service honour medal]] in 1915 and the [[Croix de Guerre]] in 1918 for her work. She was awarded the [[British War Medal]] and [[Victory Medal (United Kingdom)|Victory Medal]] by the British Government.<ref name=Medal>Vera C C Collum in the UK, WWI Service Medal and Award Rolls, 1914-1920</ref> During her time at the hospital she wrote about her experiences for ''[[Blackwood's Magazine]]'' under the name ''Skia''. Her detailed descriptions of the staff, equipment and situations in the hospital give an invaluable insight into the hospitals of the war especially during the July 1916 offensive.<ref name="Thomas Duck 2019">{{cite book | last1=Thomas | first1=A. | last2=Duck | first2=F. | title=Edith and Florence Stoney, Sisters in Radiology | publisher=Springer International Publishing | series=Springer Biographies | year=2019 | isbn=978-3-030-16561-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MRegDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA266 | access-date=2019-10-20 | page=266}}</ref><ref name="Virtual War Memorial 1917">{{cite web | title=John Chute (Jock) ELLIS | website=Virtual War Memorial | date=1917-06-06 | url=https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/378761 | access-date=2019-10-20}}</ref><ref name="Inspirational Women Of World War One: Vera C.C. Collum 2014">{{cite web | title=Vera C.C. Collum - Royaumont Abbey, France - Hôpital Auxiliare 301 (HA 301) | website=Inspirational Women Of World War One: Vera C.C. Collum | date=2014-08-20 | url=http://inspirationalwomenofww1.blogspot.com/2014/08/vcc-collum-scottish-womens-hospitals.html | access-date=2019-10-20}}</ref><ref name="Lives of the First World War 1957">{{cite web | title=Life story: Vera Christina Chute Collum | website=Lives of the First World War | date=1957-02-25 | url=https://livesofthefirstworldwar.iwm.org.uk/lifestory/4947150 | access-date=2019-10-20}}</ref><ref name="Brock 2017">{{cite book | last=Brock | first=C. | title=British Women Surgeons and their Patients, 1860-1918 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=2017 | isbn=978-1-107-18693-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zzUEDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA188 | access-date=2019-10-20 | page=188}}</ref><ref name="Crofton 2013">{{cite book | last=Crofton | first=E. | title=Angels of Mercy: A Women's Hospital on the Western Front 1914-1918 | publisher=Birlinn | series=EBL ebooks online | year=2013 | isbn=978-0-85790-616-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kKy8BQAAQBAJ&pg=PP219 | access-date=2019-10-20 | page=219}}</ref><ref name="Brock 1915">{{cite book | last=Brock | first=Claire | title=Inside the Theatre of War (Chapter 4) | chapter=Inside the Theatre of War | website=Cambridge Core | date=1915-12-24 | doi=10.1017/9781316911921.005 | url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/british-women-surgeons-and-their-patients-18601918/inside-the-theatre-of-war/8F3326DFD4BF47D0161B9E95273E69E0/core-reader | access-date=2019-10-20 | pages=181–233| publisher=Cambridge University Press | isbn=9781316911921 }}</ref>

==After the war==
After the war Collum was advised to stay away from radiation work after the results of her blood tests came back. She had experienced radiation burns on her hands and neck. Collum then worked as an anthropologist and archaeologist. She wrote extensively. Collum was elected to the [[Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland|Royal Anthropological Institution]] in London in May 1924 and was a member of the [[Society of Antiquaries of Scotland]]. She had no formal education and declared herself a student of the world. She traveled in Japan and the Far East. In 1931 Collum excavated a megalithic tomb at [[Tressé]] in Brittany. She worked with [[Mary Eily de Putron]] on the [[Déhus Dolmen|le Déhus dolmen]] and the Delancey Park excavations. Collum moved to Guildford in Surrey where she was living on 25 February 1957 when she died at [[St Luke's Hospital, Guildford|St Luke's Hospital]] in the town.<ref name="Lives of the First World War 1957"/><ref name="Crofton 2013"/><ref name="Trove 1912">{{cite web | title=THE WOMEN OF JAPAN - HOW THEY WORK. AND HOW THEY ARE EDUCATED. - The Daily News (Perth, WA : 1882 - 1950) - 26 Dec 1912 | website=Trove | date=1912-12-26 | url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article79869605 | access-date=2019-10-20}}</ref><ref name="Trove 1913">{{cite web | title=WOMEN'S NOTES. - WOMEN OF JAPAN. - Darling Downs Gazette (Qld. : 1881 - 1922) - 5 Sep 1913 | newspaper=Darling Downs Gazette (QLD. : 1881 - 1922) | date=1913-09-05 | page=6 | url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article189196052 | access-date=2019-10-20}}</ref><ref name=Probate/><ref name="Saunders 2019">{{cite book | last=Saunders | first=M. | title=Imagined Futures: Writing, Science, and Modernity in the To-Day and To-Morrow Book Series, 1923-31 | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2019 | isbn=978-0-19-882945-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PSe3DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA186 | access-date=2019-10-20 | page=186}}</ref><ref name="Catalogue">{{cite web | title=Collum, Vera Christina Chute, b. 1883 | website=Catalogue | url=http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=Collum%2C+Vera+Christina+Chute%2C+b.+1883&type=AuthorBrowse&sort=year&view=list | access-date=2019-10-20}}</ref><ref name="Adam 2016">{{cite book | last=Adam | first=T. | title=Transnational Philanthropy: The Mond Family's Support for Public Institutions in Western Europe from 1890 to 1938 | publisher=Springer International Publishing | series=Palgrave Macmillan Transnational History Series | year=2016 | isbn=978-3-319-29127-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N0y_DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA245 | access-date=2019-10-20 | page=245}}</ref><ref name="Bradley 2015">{{cite journal | last=Bradley | first=Richard | title=Vera Collum and the excavation of a 'Roman' megalithic tomb - Antiquity | journal=Antiquity | volume=74 | issue=283 | date=2015-01-02 | issn=0003-598X | doi=10.1017/S0003598X00066114 | pages=39–43 | s2cid=162147520 | url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/vera-collum-and-the-excavation-of-a-roman-megalithic-tomb/2CCBEFD1807361E98106CA12E79AE8E1 | access-date=2019-10-20| url-access=subscription }}</ref> In her will she left £15,590 16s 2d.<ref name=Probate>Vera Christina Chute Collum in the England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858-1995</ref>

==Bibliography==
* Manifold Unity,1940
* The Tressé iron-age megalithic monument (Sir Robert Mond's excavation) : its quadruple sculptured breasts and their relation to the mother-goddess cosmic cult, 1935
* Art in Greece, 1927
* The dance of Civa; life's unity and rhythm, 1927
* Race and history : an ethnological introduction to history, 1926.
* The earth before history : man's origin and the origin of life, 1925
* Prehistoric man : a general outline of prehistory, 1924.

==References and sources==

{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Collum, Vera Christina Chute}}
[[Category:1883 births]]
[[Category:1957 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century British women writers]]
[[Category:British women journalists]]
[[Category:British radiologists]]
[[Category:Women radiologists]]
[[Category:British suffragists]]
[[Category:British women in World War I]]
[[Category:20th-century British archaeologists]]
[[Category:British women civil rights activists]]

Priyanka Bassi

2026-03-15T03:55:33Z

Digitalcreator: Starting A Post

{{short description|Indian television actress|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Priyanka Bassi
| image = Priyanka Bassi.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_place = [[New Delhi, India|Delhi]], [[India]]
| occupation = [[Actress]], [[Model (people)|Model]]
| years_active = 2005–present
}}

'''Priyanka Bassi''' is an Indian television actress popularly known for her famous role as Cadet Naina Singh Ahluwalia in the popular soap ''[[Left Right Left (TV series)|Left Right Left]]''. She is originally from [[Delhi]] and has also attended Barry John's Theatre Group.

==Television career==
Priyanka made her debut with India's second English-language soap opera ''Bombay Talking'' in 2005<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.televisionpoint.com/news/newsfullstory.php?id=1131537586 |title=Zee Café ready with 'Bombay Talking' | Televisionpoint.com News |publisher=Televisionpoint.com |date=9 November 2005 |access-date=26 December 2010}}</ref><ref name="tellychakkar1">{{cite web |url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/y2k5/nov/17nov/interview_priyanka.php |title=Interview >"I always knew I could make it big in the industry" |publisher=Tellychakkar.com |date=17 November 2005 |access-date=26 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322130936/http://www.tellychakkar.com/y2k5/nov/17nov/interview_priyanka.php |archive-date=22 March 2012 }}</ref> She played Sheena Malik, an aspiring actress in Bollywood. Her performance was well-received, and she was nominated for the Indian Telly Awards 2006.<ref name="tellychakkar1"/>

Beginning in 2006, she played the character Naina Singh Ahluwalia in the show ''[[Left Right Left (TV series)|Left Right Left]]''. She was nominated for several awards for the role, including the 2007 Ita Best Actress award. She won the Idea Glamour star of the year award in 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/35211.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211210109/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/35211.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 December 2007 |title=ITA Awards Winners List – Bollywood Movie News |website=IndiaGlitz |date= |access-date=26 December 2010}}</ref>

In 2008, she participated in [[Mr. & Ms. TV]] on Sony, where she reached the semi-finals.

In December 2010, she returned to TV screen with [[Rang Badalti Odhni]] on [[STAR One|Star One]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/news/priyanka-bassi-make-her-comeback |title=Priyanka Bassi to make her comeback |publisher=Tellychakkar.com |date=18 November 2010 |access-date=26 December 2010}}</ref>

In April 2011 starred as Kaya Sehgal in [[Surya The Super Cop]] on Sony Entertainment Television.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indya.com/gallery/indyagallery.aspx?p=Priyanka-Bassi-is-a-tough-cookie&aid=2788 |title=Priyanka Bassi tough Cookie |date= |access-date=26 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430200532/http://www.indya.com/gallery/indyagallery.aspx?p=Priyanka-Bassi-is-a-tough-cookie&aid=2788 |archive-date=30 April 2011 }}</ref>

In 2012, she participated in [[Star Plus]]'s Indian version of the reality show ''[[Survivor (TV series)|Survivor]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Survivor-goes-on-floors/Article1-710839.aspx |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120904184349/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Survivor-goes-on-floors/Article1-710839.aspx |archive-date=4 September 2012 |title=Survivor goes on floor |date= |access-date=11 June 2011}}</ref> She was voted out in the fifth episode.

In 2012, she acted in one episode of [[Fear Files]] as Laila, which aired on Zee TV.

In 2013, "Priyanka Bassi" ventured into film and television production and set up her production companies, collaborating as a partner with "[[Zeishan Quadri]]" Friday to Friday Entertainers & Media Pvt. Ltd. and Magical Sevenus Pvt. Ltd.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/actor-priyanka-bassi-and-writer-zeishan-quadri-team-producers-150227 |title=Actor Priyanka Bassi and Writer Zeishan Quadri team up as Producers |date=27 February 2015 |website=Tellychakkar}}</ref>

In 201,5 her 1st production "[[Meeruthiya Gangster]]" as a producer, is due to release on 18 September.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/anurag-kashyap-is-all-for-zeishan-quadris-meeruthiya-gangsters-hindi-news-138832.html |title=urag Kashyap is all for Zeishan Quadri's 'Meeruthiya Gangsters' |website=IndiaGlitz |date=30 July 2015}}</ref>

In 2019, she produced the [[List of ZEE5 original web series|ZEE5 original web series]] ''Bhoot Purva'' under Friday to Friday Entertainers & Media Pvt. Ltd. and the web series was directed by Zeishan Quadri.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Paharia|first=Rashmi|date=2019-05-11|title=Review of Zee5's Bhoot Purva- A horrendously bad horror comedy|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/digital/editorial-digital/review-zee5s-bhoot-purva-horrendously-bad-horror-comedy/2019/05/11|access-date=2021-06-09|website=IWMBuzz|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Reality shows==
* 2012 [[Survivor India (season 1)|Survivor India]] as a contestant

==Modelling==
Apart from acting, Priyanka has also done modelling for several brands, including Santoor and Bsl Suitings. She has appeared in many music videos, including the popular 'Para Hoja Soniye' sung by [[Channi Singh]].

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Serial
! Outcome
|-
| 2015
| [[Indian Telly Awards]]
| Fresh New Face (Female)
| ''Bombay Talking''
| {{nom}}
|}

==References==

{{Reflist|2}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bassi, Priyanka}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Female models from Delhi]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah

2026-03-10T15:50:29Z

Digitalcreator: adjust intro after review and added references

{{short description|Sultan of Bengal from 1352 to 1358}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah
| title = {{noitalic|Shāh-i-Bangāliyān ([[Shah]] of [[Bengal]]) [[Sultan]] of [[Bengalis]]{{Sfn|Eaton|1993|p=41}} The Second [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]] Shams ad-Dunyā wa ad-Dīn Abu al-Muẓaffar Ilyās Shāh<ref name=dani>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.126929/page/n17/mode/2up|title=Asiatic Society Of Pakistan Vol-ii|author=Ahmad Hasan Dani|author-link=Ahmad Hasan Dani|chapter=Analysis of the Inscriptions|year=1957|pages=10}}</ref>}}
| succession1 = Ruler of [[Saptagram|Satgaon]]
| reign1 = 1342–1352
| predecessor1 = [[Izzuddin Yahya]]
| successor1 = ''Position abolished'' (himself as Sultan of Bengal)
| succession = 1st [[Sultan of Bengal]]
| reign = 1352–1358
| successor = [[Sikandar Shah]]
| predecessor = Satgaon: ''himself'' Lakhnauti: [[Alauddin Ali Shah]] Sonargaon: [[Ikhtiyaruddin Ghazi Shah]]
| issue = [[Sikandar Shah|Shahzada Sikandar]]
| house = [[Ilyas Shahi dynasty]]
| spouse = Phulmati Begum
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
| birth_place = [[Sistan]]
| burial_place = [[Hajipur]], Bihar
}}
{{Bengal Sultanate}}
'''Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah''' ({{langx|fa|{{nq|شمس الدین الیاس شاه}}}}, {{langx|bn|শামসুদ্দীন ইলিয়াস শাহ
}}) was the founder of the [[Sultanate of Bengal]] and its inaugural [[Ilyas Shahi dynasty]]. The Ilyas Shahi Dynasty ruled Bengal for 145 years (1342–1487), except for a 21-year [[interregnum]] (1415–1436) by the [[House of Ganesha|descendants of Raja Ganesha]]. Ilyas Shah was instrumental in unifying the principalities of Bengal into a single state.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/history-of-Bangladesh |title=History of Bangladesh | Events, People, Dates, & Facts | Britannica |date=7 August 2024}}</ref> [[R. C. Majumdar]] and [[Jadunath Sarkar]], among other historians, have argued that Ilyas Shah was not merely a conquering sultan; he was also an architect of political unity. Under his leadership, the term “Bengali” began to transcend geographical boundaries and emerge as a political identity. For this reason, he is often regarded as a foundational figure in the formation of the modern Bengali sense of collective identity.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iliyas Shah - Banglapedia |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Iliyas_Shah |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=en.banglapedia.org}}</ref>

Born in [[Sistan]], and a follower of [[Sunni Islam]], Ilyas Shah rose through the ranks of the [[Delhi Sultanate]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Lewis |first=David |author-link=David Lewis (academic) |date=2011 |title=Bangladesh: Politics, Economy and Civil Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5lH40gT7xvYC&pg=PA44 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=44 |isbn=978-1-139-50257-3}}</ref> In the early 14th-century, the Delhi Sultanate divided Bengal into three provinces based in the towns of [[Satgaon]] in South Bengal, [[Sonargaon]] in East Bengal, and [[Gauḍa (city)|Lakhnauti]] in North Bengal. The purpose was to improve administration as Delhi's sway over Bengal weakened. Ilyas Shah was appointed Governor of Satgaon. In the middle of the 14th-century, the governors of the three city-states declared independence. The three city-states began warring against one another. Ilyas Shah eventually defeated the ruler of Lakhnauti, [[Alauddin Ali Shah]], and the ruler of Sonargaon, [[Ikhtiyaruddin Ghazi Shah]]. He unified Bengal into an independent sultanate, establishing his capital in [[Pandua, Malda|Pandua]].

As Sultan, Ilyas Shah waged a war against the Delhi Sultanate to secure recognition of Bengal's independence. He raided cities across northern and eastern subcontinent, becoming the first Muslim ruler to raid the [[Kathmandu Valley]] however, the sultanate’s armies returned before the Nepalese forces could consolidate and issue a counter attack. Under Ilyas Shah, the territory of the Bengal Sultanate expanded to include parts of north India and northeast India, with raids conducted into Nepal and Orissa.

==Personal life and family==
There are conflicting views on whether Ilyas was born in [[Sistan]] or not, although it is agreed that his origins definitely lay in the Sistan region of what is today eastern [[Iran]] and southern [[Afghanistan]].<ref name=kinglists>{{cite web|url=https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaBengal.htm|title=Iliyas Shahi Dynasty|access-date=13 January 2022}}</ref> According to Syed A M R Haque, it was his predecessors who had first arrived to [[the subcontinent]], as Muslim missionaries, and the family were granted [[jagir]]s by the [[Delhi Sultanate]] in Bengal in 1227. Ilyas was a [[Sunni Muslim]] by faith.

According to a narrative by Durgachandra Sanyal, Ilyas was on his way to [[Sonargaon]] when he married a [[Bengali Brahmins|Bengali Brahmin]] widow from [[Bikrampur|Bajrayogini, Bikrampur]] that had embraced Islam and taken the name Phulmati Begum,<ref>{{cite book|title=Arab Relations with Bangladesh: From the Earliest Period Down 656 AH, 1258 AC|publisher=[[Islamic Foundation Bangladesh]]|page=187|author=[[Muhammad Nurul Haque]]}}</ref> and they later had two sons and several daughters including [[Sikandar Shah|Prince Sikandar]]. Sanyal adds that the marriage was initially protested by upper-class [[Brahmins]] due to the fact that widow remarriage was impermissible in Hinduism.<ref name="Bowker (1994)">Bowker J. H and Holm J. "Women in religion." Continuum, London 1994 p79 {{ISBN|0-8264-5304-X}}.</ref><ref name=fuller23>Fuller C. J. "The camphor flame: popular Hinduism and society in India." Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey 2004 p.23 {{ISBN|0-691-12048-X}}</ref> Nevertheless, Ilyas proceeded with the [[nikah]] as he could not allow the girl to live as an outcast in her society or fall into harlotry.<ref>{{Citation|last=Sen|first=Dinesh Chandra|authorlink=Dinesh Chandra Sen|title=Br̥haṯ baṅga: Dbitīẏa khaṇḍa|year=1928|publisher=[[University of Calcutta]]|location=[[Calcutta]]|language=bn|url=https://bn.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8E_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97_(%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1)_-_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8.pdf/%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%AB|page=653}}</ref> This narrative is supported by [[Dinesh Chandra Sen]]. Citing [[Nalini Kanta Bhattasali]], [[Abdul Karim (historian)|Abdul Karim]] also mentions that Ilyas married a Hindu woman according to tradition, without mentioning her name as Fulmati.<ref name="social">{{cite book|author=[[Abdul Karim (historian)|Abdul Karim]]|url=https://archive.org/details/SocialHistoryOfTheMuslimsInBengalDownToA.D.1538-AbdulKarim/page/n157/mode/2up|title=Social History of the Muslims in Bengal (Down to A.D. 1538)|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Pakistan]]|year=1959|pages=145–146}}</ref>

==Unification of Bengal==
[[File:Qutub Shahi Mosque in Pandua at Malda district 26.jpg|thumb|left|A former mosque in Pandua, where Ilyas Shah established the capital of Bengal]]
Ilyas worked under the service of the [[Delhi Sultanate]], though it is not confirmed if he was positioned in Bengal from the start. Some have claimed that Ilyas was originally based in Delhi and moved to Bengal after problems arose, while others claim that his family had migrated to Bengal long before.<ref name=kinglists/> According to [[Banglapedia]], Ilyas was initially working under [[Jalal-ud-din Khalji|Malik Firuz]] in Delhi. Nevertheless, Ilyas eventually served under [[Izzuddin Yahya]], the imperial provincial governor of [[Satgaon]] in present-day [[South Bengal]].

Following Yahya's death in 1338, Ilyas declared himself as the independent [[Sultan]] of Satgaon, with the title of ''Shams ad-Din''. He then waged a long war from 1339 to 1352 against Sultan [[Alauddin Ali Shah]] of [[Gauda (city)|Lakhnauti]] ([[North Bengal]]) and Sultan [[Ikhtiyaruddin Ghazi Shah]] of [[Sonargaon]] ([[East Bengal]]).<ref name="Tabori1957">{{cite journal |last=Tabori |first=Paul |date=1957 |title=Bridge, Bastion, or Gate |journal=Bengali Literary Review |volume=3–5|pages=9–20}}</ref> Ilyas Shah emerged victorious after conquering Lakhnauti and Sonargaon in 1342 and 1352 respectively. He then proclaimed the establishment of the [[Sultanate of Bengal]] in 1352 through the unification of these regions, moving his capital to [[Pandua, Malda|Pandua]], not far from Lakhnauti in northern Bengal. The area was the former capital of the [[Gauda Kingdom|Gaur kings]] and [[Pala Empire|Pala emperors]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760|url=https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft067n99v9&chunk.id=d0e768&toc.id=d0e768&brand=ucpress|access-date=2020-09-28|website=publishing.cdlib.org}}</ref> This territory which was known as "Vanga" was renamed as "''Bangālah''" or ''"Mulk-i-Bangālah"''.{{Citation needed|date=June 2025}} He was known as ''Shāh-i-Bangāliyān''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Siddiq |first=Mohammad Yusuf |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4wQBCwAAQBAJ |title=Epigraphy and Islamic Culture: Inscriptions of the Early Muslim Rulers of Bengal (1205-1494) |date=2015-11-19 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-58745-3 |pages=29 |language=en}}</ref> ''and "Shāh-i-Bangālah"'' during his tenure.{{Citation needed|date=June 2025}} Shams-i Siraj 'Afif author of Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi referred to Shams al-Din Ilyas Shah as the "sultan of the Bengalis" and the "king of Bengal.{{Sfn|Eaton|1993|p=41}}

Coins bearing attributes were inscribed by the Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah and Sikander Shah: <blockquote>The just sultan, Shams al-dunya va al-din, Abu'I Muzaffar, Ilyas Shah, the Sultan.

The second Alexander, the right hand of the caliphate, the defender (or helper) of the Commander of the Faithful.{{Sfn|Eaton|1993|p=41}}</blockquote>

==Government==
Ilyas Shah displayed an [[Egalitarianism|egalitarian]] attitude towards his subjects; his administration was known for its [[equal opportunity|equality]] and acceptance of members from different religious, caste, social, and ethnic communities. He standardised the people of Bengal under the banner of one politico-social and linguistic platform, including the [[Bengali language]].<ref name=bpedia>{{cite Banglapedia|author=Ahmed, ABM Shamsuddin|article=Iliyas Shah}}</ref> The region received immigrants from across the [[Muslim world]], including [[North India]]ns, [[Turkic peoples|Turks]], [[Habshis|Abyssinians]], [[Arabs]] and [[Persians]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}}

He maintained good relations with [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq|Firuz Shah Tughluq]] ({{Reign|1351|1388}}), towards the end of his reign. He sent elephants to the Delhi court and received Turkish and [[Arabian horse|Arabian horses]] in return.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bhattacharya|2020|p=40}}</ref>

==Military campaigns==
{{See also|Ekdala Wars}}
Ilyas Shah maintained an army of 90,000 cavalry and many elephants.<ref name=":0">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bhattacharya|2020|p=40}} "He maintained a force of 90,000 [[cavalry]] and many elephants. In 1346, he made a raid to Nepal, and Kathmandu was burned down"</ref> In 1346, As the ruler of [[Satgaon]], Ilyas Shah led the very first [[Muslim]] army into [[Nepal]].<ref name=bpedia/><ref name=":0" /> He first occupied the [[Tirhut]] region, which he divided into two parts. The part north of the [[Budhi Gandaki River]] were restored to Raja Kameshwar Thakur of the [[Oiniwar Dynasty|Oiniwar dynasty]], while Ilyas kept the southern part for himself, stretching from [[Begusarai district|Begusarai]] to [[Inner Terai Valleys of Nepal|Nepal Terai]]. Its headquarters was situated in the village of [[Hajipur|Ukkacala]] (later known as Hajipur in his honour),<ref>{{cite book|title=Prajñā-bhāratī|publisher=K.P. Jayaswal Research Institute|pages=175–178|volume=6|year=1992}}</ref> where Ilyas had constructed a large fort and urbanised the area.<ref>{{cite book|title=Numismatic Digest|pages=63–64|volume=21-22|author=Hussain, Syed Ejaz|year=2000|publisher=Numismatic Society of Bombay}}</ref> Ilyas then thrust through the [[Terai]] plains with his army, into the [[Kathmandu Valley]] ruled by [[Malla dynasty (Nepal)|Jayaraja Deva]]. His army sacked the temple of [[Swayambhunath]] and looted [[Kathmandu]] city for three days, returning to [[Bengal]] with plentiful spoils. None of the existing buildings in Kathmandu valley predates the raid. <ref>Savada, Andrea M., ed. (1991). ''[https://countrystudies.us/nepal/7.html Nepal: A Country Study]''. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress.</ref> However, the temple of Changu Narayan was never sacked as the Islamic forces could never locate the temple.{{citation needed|date=November 2025}}

Ilyas Shah then invaded [[Odisha#History|Orissa]], which was ruled by Bhanudeva II of the [[Eastern Ganga dynasty]]. He further sacked [[Jajpur]], [[Cuttack]] and reached as far as the [[Chilika Lake]]. The [[Jagannath Temple]] was also desecrated during the invasion. He also led a successful campaign against the [[Kamarupa]] kingdom in present-day [[Assam]], being the first Muslim king to capture [[Guwahati]]. Ilyas Shah also founded the city of [[Hajipur]] and first settled in 1350 AD.

In November 1353, the Delhi Sultan [[Firuz Shah Tughluq]] launched an invasion of Bengal. His army occupied Pandua. Ilyas Shah and his forces retreated to the fortress of Ekdala. The Delhi Sultan laid siege to the fortress for two months. The Delhi Sultanate's forces then began withdrawing. Ilyas Shah began to pursue the Delhi army and reached as far as [[Varanasi]]. The Delhi army formidably fought back. Firuz Shah returned to Delhi in 1355. Ilyas Shah regained control of Bengal and his realm extended up to the [[Koshi River]].<ref name="Tabori1957"/>

The extent of Ilyas Shah's campaigns, including his conquest of major Indian cultural centers, was considered "world-conquering" in the context of medieval India.<ref name="Eaton1996">{{cite book |last=Eaton |first=Richard Maxwell |url=https://archive.org/details/riseofislambenga00eato |title=The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760 |date=1996 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-20507-9 |pages=42 |url-access=registration}}</ref> This led to him being styled as "the second [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]]" in the same manner as [[Alauddin Khalji]].<ref name="Eaton1996" />

==Death==
Ilyas Shah died on January 1358, and was buried in [[Hajipur]]. In honour of his efforts in fortifying and urbanising Ukkacala,<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780191882913.001.0001/acref-9780191882913-e-9952|title=The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names|edition=5|author=Everett-Heath, John|year=2019|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=9780191882913|chapter=Hajipur, Bihăr/India (Ukkacala)}}</ref> the city was renamed to ''Hajipur'' (city of the [[Haji]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/019wdz000003656u00000000.html|title='Entrance to the Mosque at Hadjipore. Novbr. 1831'|website=[[British Library]]|access-date=13 January 2022|archive-date=13 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113125600/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/019wdz000003656u00000000.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> During the reign of [[Mughal emperor]] [[Akbar]], the Governor of Bihar Said Khan's brother Makhsus Shah constructed a [[congregational mosque]] within Ilyas Shah's fort in 1587.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://yourheritage.in/index.php/page/jami-mosque-hajipur|title=Jami Mosque, Hajipur|website=Your Heritage|access-date=13 January 2022|archive-date=13 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113125602/https://yourheritage.in/index.php/page/jami-mosque-hajipur|url-status=dead}}</ref> Presently, a [[mazar (mausoleum)]] on SDO Road is attributed to the former Sultan, and lies adjacent to the Haji Ilyaas Park (also named after him). The tomb is respected by both Muslims and Hindus, who hold a [[mela]] every year during his [[urs]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=On some names of places in Bihar: their origin and history|year=1891|publisher=[[University of Calcutta]]|volume=92-93|author=Christian, John|page=39|journal=Calcutta Review}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[History of Bengal]]
* [[List of rulers of Bengal]]
* [[Mubarak Shahi Dynasty]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibli ography ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Eaton |first=Richard M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O6QwDwAAQBAJ |title=The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760 |year=1993 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-20507-9 |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bhattacharya |first=Sabyasachi |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/A_Comprehensive_History_of_Modern_Bengal.html?id=Z3GxzQEACAAJ&source=kp_book_description |title=A Comprehensive History of Modern Bengal, 1700-1950 |date=2020 |publisher=Asiatic Society |isbn=978-93-89901-95-5 |language=en}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links}}{{Ilyas}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ilyas, Shamsuddin}}
[[Category:1358 deaths]]
[[Category:Sultans of Bengal]]
[[Category:14th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:14th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Ilyas Shahi dynasty]]
[[Category:Hajipur]]
[[Category:Turkic people]]

Belli Naaga

2026-03-03T22:12:39Z

Digitalcreator: enhanced intro after review

{{short description|1986 film directed by N. S. Dhananjaya}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Belli Naaga
| image =
| caption =
| director = N. S. Dhananjaya (Datthu)
| producer = A. R. Raju
| writer = A. R. Raju
| screenplay = H. V. Subba Rao
| starring = [[Tiger Prabhakar]] [[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]] Dinesh [[R. N. Sudarshan|Sudarshan]]
| music = [[Satyam (composer)|Satyam]]
| cinematography = V. Lakshman
| editing = P. Venkateshwara Rao
| studio = Ajantha Combines
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1986|08|30|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}

'''''Belli Naaga''''' ({{audio|Kn-ಬೆಳ್ಳಿನಾಗ.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a [[Kannada films of 1986|1986]] Indian [[Kannada]] film, directed by N. S. Dhananjaya (Datthu) and produced by A. R. Raju. The film stars [[Tiger Prabhakar]], [[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]], Dinesh and [[R. N. Sudarshan|Sudarshan]] in the lead roles. The film has musical score by [[Satyam (composer)|Satyam]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bharatmovies.rave-staging.com/kannada/info/belli-naaga.htm|title=Belli Naga|accessdate=2014-12-22|publisher=bharatmovies.rave-staging.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222183656/http://www.bharatmovies.rave-staging.com/kannada/info/belli-naaga.htm|archive-date=22 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nthwall.com/ka/movie/Belli-Naaga-1986/9219800700|title=Belli Naga|accessdate=2014-12-22|publisher=nthwall.com|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222175612/http://www.nthwall.com/ka/movie/Belli-Naaga-1986/9219800700|archivedate=22 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.in.com/tv/movies/udaya-134/belli-naga-9495.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222194142/http://www.in.com/tv/movies/udaya-134/belli-naga-9495.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-12-22|title=Belli Naga|accessdate=2014-12-22|publisher=in.com}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*[[Tiger Prabhakar]]
*[[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]]
*[[Dinesh (Kannada actor)|Dinesh]]
*[[R. N. Sudarshan|Sudarshan]]
*[[Rajanand]]
*Master Rohith
*Master Vasanth
*Master Rajesh
*Aruru Sathyabhama
*K. N. Bharathi
*Shanthamma
*[[Archana (actress)|Archana]]
*Lalithamma
*[[Mysore Lokesh]]
*Shankar Rao
*Gangadhar Swamy
*[[Srinivasa Murthy]]
*Thyagaraj Urs
*B. K. Shankar
*Jaggu
*Surendra
*Aravind
*Dayanand Sagar
*Prakash
*Stanly
*[[Sampath (Kannada actor)|Sampath Kumar]]
*Baby Geetha
*[[Shakti Prasad]] in Guest Appearance
*[[Kunigal Nagabhushan]] in Guest Appearance
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{YouTube|id=3eNe1ivEu8U|title=Belli Naga}}

[[Category:1986 films]]
[[Category:1986 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1986 Indian films]]
{{1980s-Kannada-film-stub}}

Oorukichina Maata

2026-03-03T20:14:45Z

Digitalcreator: Starting New Post

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Oorukichchina Maata
| image = Ooriki Ichina Maata.JPG
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name = 
| director = M. Balayya
| producer = {{unbulleted list|Suryanarayana Alaparthi|Venkat Rao Mannava}}
| writer = [[D.V. Narasa Raju]] (Dialogues)
| screenplay = M. Balaiah
| story =
| based_on = 
| starring = {{unbulleted list|[[Chiranjeevi]]|[[Sudhakar (actor)|Sudhakar]]|[[Madhavi (actress)|Madhavi]]|[[Kavitha (actress)|Kavitha]]}}
| narrator =
| music = {{unbulleted list|[[M. S. Viswanathan]]|'''Lyricists-'''|[[C. Narayana Reddy]]|Jhaladhi}}
| cinematography = S.S. Lal
| editing =
| studio = Amrutha Films
| distributor = Amrutha Films
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1981|6|21|India}}
| runtime = 139 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross = 
}}

'''''Oorukichina Maata''''' ({{translation|Promise made to the village}}) is a 1981 [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[drama film]] written and directed by M. Balayya starring [[Chiranjeevi]], [[Sudhakar (actor)|Sudhakar]], [[Madhavi (actress)|Madhavi]], and [[Kavitha (actress)|Kavitha]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/starhomes/chiranjeevi/filmography.html|title=Chiranjeevi movie list - Telugu Cinema hero}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chiranjeeviblog.com/filmography/chiranjeevi-filmography.html|title = Chiranjeevi Filmography|date = 5 July 2010}}</ref><ref name=Filmibeat>{{cite web|last1=staff|title=Ooriki Ichina Maata (U)|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/movies/ooriki-ichina-maata/cast-crew.html|publisher=[[Filmibeat]]|accessdate=16 June 2015}}</ref> The film was remade in Tamil as ''[[Oorum Uravum]]'' (1982) starring Sivaji Ganesan. The film won two [[Nandi Awards]].

==Cast==
* [[Chiranjeevi]] as Ramudu
* [[Sudhakar (actor)|Sudhakar]] as Koti Nagulu
* [[Madhavi (actress)|Madhavi]] as Roopa
* [[Kavitha (actress)|Kavitha]] as Sita
* [[G. V. Narayana Rao|Narayana Rao]] as Gireesham
* [[Kanta Rao]] as Pratapa Rao
* [[Giribabu]] as Forest Guard
* [[Sri Lakshmi (actress)|Srilakshmi]] as Roopa's friend
* [[Raavi Kondala Rao]] as priest
* [[Mada Venkateswara Rao]] as Daivadheenam
* Vankayala Satyanarayana as Raghavulu
* Jhansi as Chukkamma

==Soundtrack==
# "Aadindhi Ooru", singers [[S.P. Balu]], [[P.Susheela]], lyricist [[C. Narayana Reddy]]<ref name=Cineradham/>
# "Choopullo Chuttesi", singers: S.P. Balu, P. Susheela. lyricist C. Narayana Reddy<ref name=Cineradham/>
# "Horugalilo", lyricist C. Narayana Reddy<ref name=Cineradham/>
# "Kodi Koose Podde Poddu", lyricist C. Narayana Reddy<ref name=Cineradham/>
# "Pairagali Paita Laguthunte", singers S.P. Balu, P. Susheela, lyricist Jaladi Rajarao
# "Vachi Poraa Rangaa", lyricist C. Narayana Reddy<ref name=Cineradham>{{cite web|last1=staff|title=music: Ooriki Ichina Maata(1981)|url=http://www.cineradham.com/newsongs/song.php?movieid=2962|publisher=Cineradham|accessdate=14 June 2015}}</ref>

==Awards==
;[[Nandi Awards]] - 1981<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=21 August 2020}}(in [[Telugu language|Telugu]])</ref>
*[[Nandi Award for Best Feature Film|Third Best Feature Film - Bronze]] - [[Mannava Balayya|M. Balayya]]
*[[Nandi Award for Best Story Writer|Second Best Story Writer]] - [[Mannava Balayya|M. Balayya]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0246130}}

[[Category:1981 films]]
[[Category:1981 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]

{{1980s-Telugu-film-stub}}

Isabella Thoburn

2026-03-03T19:04:27Z

Digitalcreator: basic reworked article to improve readability and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|American missionary (1840–1901)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Isabella Thoburn
| image = IsabellaThoburn1901.png
| alt = A white woman missionary with her dark hair center-parted and swept up in back; she is wearing a uniform-like plain dark jacket with buttons down the front, and a high collar
| caption = Isabella Thoburn, missionary and educator, from a 1901 publication
| birth_date = March 29, 1840
| birth_place = Ohio, US
| death_date = September 1, 1901
| death_place = Lucknow, India
| occupation = Missionary educator, college administrato
}}

'''Isabella Thoburn''' (March 29, 1840 – Sept. 1, 1901) was an American [[Christians|Christian]] [[missionary]] of the [[Methodist Episcopal Church]] best known for her establishment of educational institutions and [[Mission (Christian)|missionary work]] in [[North India]], subsequent to the [[East India Company]]'s relinquishment of power to the British government in India.

==Biography==
Isabella Thoburn was born in 1840 near [[St. Clairsville, Ohio]]. She attended local schools and the [[Wheeling Female Seminary]] in [[Wheeling Creek (West Virginia)|Wheeling]], Virginia (now in West Virginia).

Thoburn was invited to [[Cincinnati]] to train [[Christian mission]]aries and [[deaconess]]es to serve, resulting in the formation of [[The Christ Hospital]].<ref name="Oldham1902">{{cite book |last1=Oldham |first1=William Fitzjames |title=Isabella Thoburn |date=1902 |publisher=Jennings & Pye |page=34 |language=en}}</ref>

In 1866, after she had taught for several years, Isabella was invited by her brother [[James Mills Thoburn]], a Methodist Episcopal missionary in India, to assist him in his educational and missionary work in India. She delayed her departure until 1869 when the formation of the [[Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church|Women's Foreign Missionary Society]] of the [[Methodist Episcopal Church]] enabled her to undertake missionary work under denominational affiliation and auspices.<ref name=thoburn418-420>[[#thoburn1903|Thoburn, 1903]], pp. 418-420</ref>

In India, Thoburn's work culminated in the founding of an important woman's college, [[Isabella Thoburn College]] in [[Lucknow]] (1870), as well as a [[Methodist High School, Kanpur|Methodist High School]] in [[Kanpur]]. These two educational establishments were among the first in [[colonial India]], catering to the educational and religious needs of an emergent [[Anglo Indian]] population in [[Awadh]].<ref name=thoburn418-420/>

Thoburn returned to the United States for a period to study at [[Lucy Rider Meyer]]'s [[Chicago Training School for Home and Foreign Missions|Chicago Training School for City, Home, and Foreign Missions]] in Illinois. In 1887, Meyer appointed her as the first house mother and superintendent of the school's new Methodist Deaconess Home for training female deacons.<ref name=keller>Keller, Rosemary Skinner, Rosemary Radford Ruether, and Marie Cantlon. ''Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America: Women and religion: methods of study and reflection''. Vol. 1. Indiana University Press, 2006, pp. 824-38.</ref>

She died in 1901 in Lucknow, [[India]], at the age of 61.

==See also==
*[[List of bishops of the United Methodist Church]]

==Citations==
{{reflist}}

===Sources===
* {{cite book |last=Buck |first=Oscar MacMillan |editor=[[Dumas Malone|Malone, Dumas]] |title=Dictionary of American biography: Thoburn |volume=XVIII |publisher=New York: Charles Scribner's Sons |author-mask= |year=1936 |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofamer18amer/page/n5/mode/2up |pages=418–420 |ref=malone18}}
*Methodism: Ohio Area (1812–1962), edited by John M. Versteeg, Litt.D., D.D. (Ohio Area Sesquicentennial Committee, 1962).
*{{cite book |title=Life of Isabella Thoburn |last=Thoburn |first=J. M. |author-link=James Mills Thoburn |year=1903 |publisher=Jenkins and Graham |location=Cincinnati, OH
|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeisabellatho00thobgoog |ref=thoburn1903 }}

==External links==
{{Library resources box|by=yes|viaf=72927039}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Isabella Thoburn}}
* [http://www.itcollege.ac.in/ Isabella Thoburn College (website)]
* [http://www.bu.edu/missiology/missionary-biography/t-u-v/thoburn-isabella-1840-1901/ Isabella Thoburn's biography at the Boston University School of Theology website]
* {{Cite Americana|wstitle=Thoburn, Isabella|short=x}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thoburn, Isabella}}
[[Category:Methodists from Ohio]]
[[Category:People from St. Clairsville, Ohio]]
[[Category:1840 births]]
[[Category:1901 deaths]]
[[Category:Methodist missionaries in India]]
[[Category:American biographers]]
[[Category:American missionary educators]]
[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]
[[Category:Female Christian missionaries]]
[[Category:19th-century American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church]]
[[Category:19th-century American women philanthropists]]
[[Category:American missionaries in India]]

List of Rajputs

2026-02-25T12:31:17Z

Digitalcreator: added info

{{short description|Notable members of the Rajput community}}
{{pp|reason=Same issues with anons, as well as BLP concerns|small=yes}}
{{dynamic list}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}

This is a list of notable members of the [[Rajput]] community.

==Saints==
[[File:Meerabai (crop).jpg|256x256px|thumb|Painting of Saint [[Mirabai]]]]
* [[Mirabai]], a princess and celebrated saint of the [[Bhakti movement]] and a devotee of [[Krishna|Lord Krishna]]<ref name="Frazier2014">{{cite book |author1=Jessica Frazier |date=16 January 2014 |title=The Bloomsbury Companion to Hindu Studies |publisher=A&C Black |pages=258– |isbn=978-1-4725-6716-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AdZBAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA258}}</ref>
* [[Guru Jambheshwar]], aka '''Jambhoji [[Parmar (clan)|Panwar]]''', the founder of [[Bishnoi]] panth which emphasises on protecting plants and animals.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&q=encyclopedia+of+indian+literature |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature, Vol. 2, Devraj to Jyoti |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |year=1988 |isbn=978-8126030804 |editor-last=Datta |editor-first=Amaresh |pages=1794}}</ref>
* [[Ramdev Pir|Baba Ramdev]] or '''Ramdeo Pir''', a 14th-century [[Tomar (Rajput clan)|Tanwar (Tomar)]] ruler and [[Hindu deities|Hindu deity]] of Gujarat and Rajasthan who worked for the upliftment of poor and downtrodden; also worshiped by Muslims.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZbIOD34a06kC |title=Pilgrims, Patrons, and Place: Localizing Sanctity in Asian Religions |publisher=UBC Press |year=2003 |isbn=9780774810395 |editor-last=Shinohara |editor-first=Koichi |edition=illustrated, revised |pages=268 |editor-last2=Granoff |editor-first2=Phyllis}}</ref>
* [[Vachharadada]], aka '''Vachhraj Dada [[Solanki (clan)|Solanki]]''', [[Hindu deities|Hindu deity]] from Gujarat who died protecting cows.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qbRhAAAAIAAJ&q=Vachhara+dada |title=Gujarat State Gazetteers: Junagadh |publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State |year=1971 |pages=133}}</ref>
* [[Pabuji]], a [[Hindus|Hindu]] folk-diety of [[Rajasthan]], [[India]] who belonged to the [[Rathore dynasty|Rathore]] clan<ref>{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=John D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rildi28IPF4C&q=pabuji+rathore |title=The Epic of Pabuji |date=2005 |publisher=Katha |isbn=978-81-87649-83-0 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Gogaji]], also known as '''Jaharveer [[Chauhan dynasty|Chauhan]]''', an Indian warrior-hero, venerated as a saint and protector specifically against snake bites<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jośī |first=Nemanārāyaṇa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GXpKwpJHxX0C&dq=gogaji&pg=PA19 |title=Reminiscences: Rajasthani Memoirs |date=2004 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-260-1840-6 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Bhagat Pipa|Pipaji]], renounced his throne to become a disciple of the saint [[Ramananda]] and is revered as one of the fifteen [[Bhagat#Sikhism|Bhagats]] whose hymns are included in the [[Guru Granth Sahib]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cunningham |first=Alexander |author-link=Alexander Cunningham |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6jegEAAAQBAJ |title=Archeological Survey of India: Vol. II |year=1972 |pages=296 |publisher=Bod Third Party Titles |isbn=978-3-368-13569-0 |language=en |quote=Pipa, the Rajput, is called the Raja of Gangaraon }}</ref>

==Historical figures==
List of notable [[Rajput]]s during the pre-British era, ordered chronologically by reign.

===Hindu Rajputs===
[[File:Prithvi Raj Chauhan (Edited).jpg|thumb|180px|[[Prithviraj Chauhan]], King of Ajmer]]
[[File:Depiction of king Rana Sanga.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Rana Sanga]], king of Mewar]]
[[File:RajaRaviVarma MaharanaPratap.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Maharana Pratap]] of Mewar, by [[Raja Ravi Varma]]]]
* [[Porus|King Porus]], an ancient king whose territory spanned between the [[Jhelum River]] and [[Chenab River]] in the [[Punjab region]] of [[Punjab, India|India]] and [[Punjab, Pakistan|Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jhelum, the Hydaspes of the Greeks-and probably not far from the spot where Alexander routed the Rajput army of Porus. |first=James Wheeler |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0AMkEAAAQBAJ&dq=porus+rajput&pg=PT184 |title=India Under British Rule |date=16 March 2021 |publisher=Litres |isbn=978-5-04-120501-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=MacMunn |first=George Fletcher |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uiQKAQAAIAAJ&dq=porus+rajput&pg=PA28 |title=The Martial Races of India |date=1979 |publisher=Mittal Publications |language=en }}</ref>
* [[Rao Bhati]], ancestor of the royal families of the [[Phulkian dynasty]]: [[Patiala State|Patiala]], [[Nabha State|Nabha]], [[Jind State|Jind]], and [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kirpal Singh |url=http://archive.org/details/BabaAlaSingh |title=Baba Ala Singh |date=2005}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Solomon |first1=R. V. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=47sfj8DUwNgC |title=Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey |last2=Bond |first2=J. W. |date=2006 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-1965-4 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Nagabhata I]], founder of the [[Pratihara dynasty]]<ref>{{Cite book |last1=In a series of battles with the Arabs in 738 A.D., Nagabhatta led a confederacy of Rajput clans to defeat the Arabs. The stopping of the Islamic wave of conquests that had crushed the lands from Europe to the borders of India ranks as one of the many great achievements of the Rajputs. With the successive victories of the joint forces of several Rajput clans began the reign of the imperial Pratiharas and the Rajput period of Indian history. |first1=Kapur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ic4BjWFmNIC&dq=nagabhata+I+rajput&pg=PA362 |title=History Of Ancient India (portraits Of A Nation), 1/e |last2=Kamlesh |date=2010 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |isbn=978-81-207-4910-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=The rise of the first important Rajput ruling dynasty, i.e. the Gurjara-Pratiharas, practically coincided with the consolidation of Arab rule in Sind. |first=Anil Chandra Banerjee |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FV49AAAAMAAJ&q=nagabhata+I+rajput |title=Lectures on Rajput History |date=1962 |publisher=Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=The Gurjara Pratiharas were the earliest of the Rajput rulers. According to their epigraphical records, the Pratiharas claim descent from the Kshatriya Lakshmana |first=Mr Rohit Manglik |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i8EzEQAAQBAJ&dq=nagabhata+I+rajput&pg=PT141 |title=Outlines of Indian History: [9789368756897] |date=23 July 2023 |publisher=EduGorilla Publication |isbn=978-93-6875-689-7 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Bappa Rawal]], one of the first major rulers of the [[Kingdom of Mewar]], credited for rebelling the [[Umayyad campaigns in India|Arab invasion of India]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DP_gUfMYBSIC&pg=PA9 | isbn=9781449700614 | title=Rajput | date=23 March 2010 | publisher=WestBow Press |page=9}}</ref>
* [[Mularaja]], founder of the [[Chaulukya dynasty|Chaulukya (Solanki) dynasty]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cort |first=John E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yoHfm7BgqTgC |title=Open Boundaries: Jain Communities and Cultures in Indian History |date=1 January 1998 |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=978-0-7914-9985-6 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Jayapala]], a ruler of the [[Hindu Shahi|Hindu Shahi Dynasty]] from 964 to 1001<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Jaipal I (died 1001) (or Jayapala I) Rajput king of Und (or Waihind), the Punjab, and eastern Afghanistan. He was the first Hindu ruler to cross swords with the Muslim rulers of Ghazni (central Afghanistan), and lost eastern Afghanistan to them. After being captured by Mahmud of Ghazni, he was ransomed by his son but committed suicide. |first1=Peter Connolly |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1LUoDAAAQBAJ&dq=jayapala+rajput&pg=PA164 |title=The Hutchinson Dictionary of Ancient and Medieval Warfare |last2=Gillingham |first2=John |last3=Lazenby |first3=John |date=13 May 2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-93681-5 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Khan |first=Dr Hussain |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kSNKDwAAQBAJ&dq=jayapala+hindu+shahi+rajput&pg=PA5 |title=Chronicles of Early Janjuas |date=12 June 2003 |publisher=iUniverse |isbn=978-1-4620-8864-5 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Vidyadhara (Chandela ruler)|Vidyadhara]], a [[Chandela]] king who ruled the Jejakabhukti region ([[Bundelkhand]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]) and fought against the [[Ghaznavids]]<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ring |first1=Trudy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=voerPYsAB5wC&dq=vidhyadhara+chandela&pg=PA947 |title=Asia and Oceania: International Dictionary of Historic Places |last2=Watson |first2=Noelle |last3=Schellinger |first3=Paul |date=12 November 2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-63979-1 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Bhima I]], was a [[Chaulukya]] king who ruled parts of present-day [[Gujarat]], India<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=Asoke Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ffAdAAAAMAAJ |title=Chaulukyas of Gujarat: A Survey of the History and Culture of Gujarat from the Middle of the Tenth to the End of the Thirteenth Century |date=1956 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |language=en}}</ref>{{pn|date=August 2023}}
* [[Suhaldev|Suhaldev Bais]], ruler who defeated and killed the [[Ghaznavid]] general [[Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud]]<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Gallagher |first1=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x104AAAAIAAJ&dq=bais+rajput&pg=PA81 |title=Locality, Province and Nation: Essays on Indian Politics 1870 to 1940 |last2=Johnson |first2=Gordon |last3=Seal |first3=Anil |date=26 July 1973 |publisher=CUP Archive |isbn=978-0-521-09811-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=The second type of followers separated from Suheldev Ji and were known as Bais Rajputs. |first=Alok Barman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wmEsEQAAQBAJ&dq=king+suheldev+bais&pg=PT154 |title=The Rational View |date=26 October 2024 |publisher=Alok Barman |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Jayasimha Siddharaja]], Indian king who ruled western parts of India<ref name=":1" />
* [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Kumarapala]], was an Indian king from the [[Chaulukya]] (Solanki) dynasty of [[Gujarat]]<ref name=":1" />
* [[Ajayapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Ajayapala]], was an Indian king from the [[Chaulukya]] (Solanki) dynasty of [[Gujarat]]<ref name=":1" />
* [[Mularaja II]], Ruler of the [[Chaulukya dynasty|Solanki dynasty]] of Gujarat, who defeated the [[Ghurid]] forces.{{sfn|Majumdar|1956|p=136}}
* [[Prithviraj Chauhan]], King from the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Chahamana]] dynasty who ruled Sapadalaksha (present-day north-western India)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chandra |first=Satish |author-link=Satish Chandra (historian) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XAkVclcWWeUC |title=Historiography, religion, and state in medieval India |date=1996 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-0035-6 |oclc=506132072}}</ref>{{pn|date=August 2023}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Upinder |author-link=Upinder Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZjFuAAAAMAAJ&q=Rajput |title=Ancient Delhi |date=1999 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-564919-2 |oclc=607469894}}</ref>{{pn|date=August 2023}}
* [[Jayachandra|Jaichand]], last powerful king of the [[Gahadavala dynasty]], was killed in the [[Battle of Chandawar]] by Ghurid forces.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cWmsQQ2smXIC&dq=jaichand+rajput&pg=PA197 |title=History of Ancient India: Earliest Times to 1000 A. D. |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist |year=2002 |isbn=9788126900275}}</ref>{{pn|date=August 2023}}
* [[Bhima II]], Indian king who ruled parts of present-day [[Gujarat]]<ref name=":1" />
* [[Karna (Vaghela dynasty)|Karna]], last ruler of the [[Vaghela dynasty]] of Gujarat as he was defeated by the forces of [[Allauddin Khilji]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4vydCAAAQBAJ&q=Karna+(Vaghela+dynasty) |title=Karan Ghelo: Gujarat's Last Rajput King |date=18 April 2016 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=9789352140114}}</ref>{{pn|date=August 2023}}
* [[Hammiradeva]], last ruler of the [[Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura|Ranthambore branch of the Chauhans (Chahamanas)]], was killed in the [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Ranthambore|Siege of Ranthambore]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wyluDwAAQBAJ&dq=Hammiradeva+rajput&pg=PA81 |title=In Praise of Kings: Rajputs, Sultans and Poets in Fifteenth-century Gujarat |date=16 May 2018 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781108226066}}</ref>
* [[Rawal Ratan Singh]], King of [[Mewar]] who fought against [[Allauddin Khilji]] in the siege of [[Chittorgarh]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sharma |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f2cYHUID6SkC&pg=PA35 |title=Meera: The Divine Incarnation |publisher=Sarup & Sons |year=2002 |isbn=9788176253192 |page=35}}</ref>
* [[Hammir Singh|Maharana Hammir Singh]], defeated the [[Tughlaq dynasty]], and re-captured present-day [[Rajasthan]] from Muslim forces of Delhi and became the first of his dynasty to use the royal title 'Rana'<ref>{{Cite book |last=Manglik |first=Mr Rohit |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1CZKEQAAQBAJ&dq=maharana+hammir&pg=PA143 |title=History of India from c. 300 to 1206 |date=23 October 2023 |publisher=EduGorilla Publication |isbn=978-93-6689-290-0 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Maharaja Kam Dev Misir]], a [[Sikarwar]] [[Rajput]] and a ruler of the [[Pahargarh Estate]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last1=Ansari |first1=Saiyad Hasan |year=1986 |title=Evolution and spatial organization of clan settlement in middle ganga valley. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dxDWbsztdVQC&q=Kamsar |access-date= |website=}}</ref>
* [[Rana Kumbha|Maharana Kumbha]], a [[Sisodia dynasty|Sisodia]] ruler of the [[Kingdom of Mewar]], who is said to have fought total 56 battles and never lost in any battle<ref>{{Cite book |last=Masters |first=Brian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NIwwLgEACAAJ |title=Maharana: The Story of the Rulers of Udaipur |date=2012 |publisher=Mapin Pub. |isbn=978-81-89995-70-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kanwar |first=Dharmendar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qKWktgAACAAJ |title=Chittorgarh: The Braveheart of Rajputana |date=2012 |publisher=Niyogi Books |isbn=978-93-81523-02-5 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Rao Shekha|Maharao Shekhaji]], a 15th century [[Shekhawat]] ruler who rules the [[Shekhawati]] region, comprising the districts of [[Sikar district|Sikar]], [[Churu district|Churu]] and [[Jhunjhunu district|Jhunjhunu]], [[Rajasthan]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Sandeep |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ffR1CwAAQBAJ&dq=maharao+shekha&pg=PT23 |title=Headmasterji: The Man with Literacy Mission |date=20 January 2016 |publisher=Partridge Publishing |isbn=978-1-4828-5763-4 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Man Singh Tomar]], King of [[Tomaras of Gwalior|Gwalior]], who defended his kingdom for nearly two decades against relentless attacks from the [[Lodi dynasty]]<ref>{{cite book |author=Kishori Saran Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E8QeAAAAMAAJ |title=Twilight of the Sultanate |publisher=Asia Publishing House |year=1963 |pages=155–184 |oclc=500687579}}</ref>
* [[Rana Sanga]], King of [[Mewar]] and head of Rajput confederacy in Rajputana during the early 16th century<ref name="EB1">{{cite web |title=Rajput |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/490157/Rajput |access-date=1 November 2014 |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica}}</ref>
* [[Maldev Rathore]], King of [[Marwar]] was an insurgent ruler against both the [[Sur Empire]] and the [[Mughals]]<ref name="Bose 2015 150">{{cite book |last=Bose |first=Melia Belli |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6dR0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA150 |title=Royal Umbrellas of Stone: Memory, Politics, and Public Identity in Rajput Funerary Art |publisher=BRILL |year=2015 |isbn=978-9-00430-056-9 |page=150}}</ref>
* [[Chandrasen Rathore]], King of [[Marwar]] who defended his kingdom for nearly two decades against relentless attacks from the [[Mughals]]<ref name="Bose 2015 150" />
* [[Maharana Pratap]], king of [[Mewar]] who was a successful insurgent ruler against the [[Mughals]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rana Pratap Singh | Indian ruler | Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rana-Pratap-Singh |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref>
* [[Ramshah Tomar|Ramshah Tanwar]], a [[Tomar (Rajput clan)|Tomar]] ruler who fought as an ally of [[Maharana Pratap]] along with his three sons, grandson and 300 soldiers against [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] ruler [[Akbar]] in the [[Battle of Haldighati]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7X23AAAAIAAJ&q=ramshah+tomar |title=Mahārāṇā Pratāpa ke pramukha sahayogī |date=1997 |publisher=Rājasthānī Granthāgāra |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Goswami |first=Modhumita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ONh9EAAAQBAJ&dq=ramshah+tanwar&pg=PA88 |title=An Army Wife on a Trapeze: Travel, Tales and more |date=27 July 2022 |publisher=Blue Hill Publications |isbn=978-93-92929-52-6 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Amar Singh I|Maharana Amar Singh I]], King of [[Mewar]], he was the eldest son of [[Maharana Pratap]] who continued his father's struggle against the [[Mughals]] and defeated the [[Mughal army]] sent by [[Jahangir]] in the [[Battle of Dewar]]<ref name="Bhawan Singh Rana p.81">Maharana Pratap by Bhawan Singh Rana. p.81 {{ISBN|978-8128808258}}</ref><ref name="Rajsamand 2001">{{citation |last=Rajsamand |title=District Gazetteers |date=2001 |page=35 |location=[[Rajasthan]] |quote=The battle of Dewar was fought in a valley of Arvali about 40 km north -east of Kumbhalgarh. ... Prince Amar Singh fought valiantly and pierced through Sultan Khan and the horse he was riding.}}</ref>
* [[Raja Jagat Singh]], King and soldier of the [[Nurpur kingdom]] of [[Nurpur, Himachal Pradesh|Nurpur]], in Himachal Pradesh.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l2oZiyOqReoC&dq=Raja+Jagat+Singh+nurpur&pg=PA39 |title=Forts and Palaces of the Western Himalaya |publisher=Indus |year=2000 |isbn=9788173871047}}</ref>
* [[Jai Singh I]], King of Amber, a state later known as Jaipur, and a senior general ("[[Mirza (noble)|Mirza]] [[Raja]]") of the [[Mughal Empire]]<ref name="DV">{{cite book |last1=Sarkar |first1=Jadunath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WYFrgILWbIgC&q=jadunath+sarkar+jai+singh+shivaji&pg=PA80 |title=Shivaji and His Times |publisher=Orient Longman |year=1992 |isbn=978-81-250-1347-1 |page=80 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sarkar |first1=Jadunath |title=History of Jaipur: C. 1503-1938 |pages=123–126}}</ref>
* [[Amar Singh Rathore]], ruler who killed the [[Vizier|Wazir]] of [[Mughal dynasty|Mughal]] [[Emperor]] [[Shah Jahan]], Salabat Khan<ref>{{Cite book |last=PANDEY |first=KAMLESH |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xXVYDgAAQBAJ&q=amar+singh+rathore |title=Amar singh rathor |date=1 April 1971 |publisher=Amar Chitra Katha Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-81-8482-185-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dubey |first=Nimish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qFnuDwAAQBAJ&dq=amar+singh+rathore&pg=PT50 |title=Indian Tales of Valour |date=1 October 2018 |publisher=Ponytale Books |isbn=978-93-80637-78-5 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Rani Karnavati of Garhwal]], the Parmar Rajput Queen of [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]], credited for defending the kingdom against the Mughal emperor [[Shah Jahan]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TAFuAAAAMAAJ&q=Rani+Karnavati+of+Garhwal+shah+jahan |title=Prācī-jyoti: Digest of Indological Studies |publisher=Kurukshetra University |year=2003}}</ref>
* [[Ratan Singh Rathore]], founder of [[Ratlam State|Ratlam kingdom]].<ref>Madhya Pradesh: Ratlam, Pg41, government central press 1994. —"Kasim Khan remained inactive throughout the battle and Jaswant Singh, before leaving for Marwar, handed over the command of the army to Ratan Singh Rathor."</ref>
* [[Rao Raja Chattar Sal]], King of [[Bundi State|Bundi]], he served [[Shah Jahan]] as head of his [[Hada Chauhan|Hada]] Rajput troops, he was trusted by [[Dara Shikoh]] with governorship of Delhi,<ref>{{cite book |author=Kobita Sarker |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R20MAQAAMAAJ |title=Shah Jahan and his paradise on earth: the story of Shah Jahan's creations in Agra and Shahjahanabad in the golden days of the Mughals |publisher=K.P. Bagchi & Co. |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-7074-300-2 |page=191}}</ref> for whom he died fighting in the War of Succession against [[Aurangzeb]]<ref>{{cite book |author1=Crump, Vivien |title=Rajasthan |author2=Toh, Irene |publisher=Everyman Guides |year=1996 |isbn=1-85715-887-3 |location=London |page=291}}</ref> in 1658<ref>{{cite book |author=Sodhi, Jiwan |title=A Study of Bundi School of Painting |publisher=Abhinav Publications |year=1999 |isbn=81-7017-347-7 |location=India |page=29}}</ref>
* [[Maharaja Jaswant Singh]], King of [[Marwar]], he was a trusted general of the Mughal emperor [[Shah Jahan]]<ref>John F. Richards. ''[[The New Cambridge History of India]]: The Mughal Empire'' (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993) p. 180-184</ref>
* [[Bhim Chand (Kahlur)|Bhim Chand]] was the Rajput King of [[Bilaspur State (princely state)|Bilaspur state]] (reigned 1665 – 1692)<ref>{{cite book |title=The encyclopaedia of Sikhism |date=1992–1998 |publisher=Punjabi University |others=Harbans Singh |isbn=0-8364-2883-8 |volume=1 |location=Patiala |pages=358 |oclc=29703420}}</ref>
* [[Maharaja Chhatrasal]], King of [[Bundelkhand]], who led a successful rebellion against the [[Mughals]] and established his own independent kingdom<ref name="sen2p187-8">{{cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=187–188}}</ref>
* [[Babu Himmat Sah]], the founder and the first [[Bandhalgoti]] ruler of [[Kohra (estate)]] of [[Oudh]], [[British India]] (now in [[Amethi district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Crooke |first=William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6OAJGO_-QYEC&q=himmat+bandhalgoti |title=The Tribes and Castes of the North-western Provinces and Oudh |date=1896 |publisher=Government printing |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Sawai Pratap Singh Naruka|Raja Sawai Pratap Singh]], founder king of [[Alwar#Colonial era|Alwar State]]. He belonged to the [[Naruka]] clan<ref>{{Cite book |last=Banerjee |first=Anil Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w60NAAAAIAAJ&q=raja+sawai+pratap+singh+naruka |title=The Rajput States and the East India Company |date=1951 |publisher=A. Mukherjee |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Sansar Chand]], a Katoch King of [[Kangra State|Kangra]], patron of [[Kangra painting]]s<ref>{{cite book |last1=Douglas |first1=Ed |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oqnBDwAAQBAJ&dq=Sansar+Chand+rajput&pg=PT124 |title=Himalaya: A Human History |date=27 August 2020 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-1-4735-4614-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Na08AAAAMAAJ&q=Sansar+Chand+rajput |title=Pathway |date=1953 |publisher=Marg Publications |page=24,36 |language=en}}</ref>

==== City founders ====
* [[Bhoja|Bhoja Parmar]], ruler of the [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara Dynasty]] of Malwa, established [[Bhopal|Bhojpal (Bhopal)]] and constructed the [[Bhojtal|Bhojtal lake]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Historically, there was a Parmar Rajput king called Bhoja who ruled over Dhar in the 11th century, with or without any connection with this historical or mythical king. |first=Jyotindra Jain |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MDDaAAAAMAAJ&q=bhoj+parmar+rajput |title=Painted Myths of Creation: Art and Ritual of an Indian Tribe |date=1984 |publisher=Lalit Kala Akademi |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=These included the Pratiharas of Gujarat, the Paramaras of Malwa, the Chauhanas of Ajmer and Delhi-all Rajput clans. With the collapse of the Rashtrakuta empire in 973, Malwa became independent and the Paramaras rose to prominence. At its apex, under Bhoja (c. 1018-60), the Paramara kingdom comprised considerable territories in central India, but after Bhoja's death, it declined to a mere local power and finally succumbed to outside invasions at the beginning of the thirteenth century. |first=Karl J. Schmidt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BqdzCQAAQBAJ&dq=paramara+rajput&pg=PA34 |title=An Atlas and Survey of South Asian History |date=20 May 2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-47681-8 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Karna (Chaulukya dynasty)|Karna]], King from the [[Chaulukya]] dynasty of [[Gujarat]] and founder of Karnavati ([[Ahmedabad]])<ref name=":1" />
* [[Anangpal Tomar]], ruler of the [[Tomaras of Delhi|Tomar dynasty of Delhi]], founder [[History of Delhi|Dhillikapuri]] ([[Delhi]]) and built the first fortress, [[Qila Rai Pithora|Lal Kot]].<ref>{{cite book |author=[[K. A. Nizami]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LOrkDwAAQBAJ |title=Delhi in Historical Perspectives |date=22 February 2020 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-099190-6 |page=22 |language=en |quote=According to these inscription, Anangpal of the Tomar Rajputs founded Delhi between 1053 and 1109 AD. It refers to Delhi as Dehlu, a name that has endured and resurfaced at various points of time during its long history}}</ref>
* [[Ajayaraja II]], founded [[Ajmer]] and built the strategic [[Taragarh Fort, Ajmer|Taragarh Fort]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Banerjee |first=Anil Chandra |title=Aspects of Rajput State and Society |publisher=Rajesh Publications |year=1983 |pages=64}}</ref>
* [[Rawal Jaisal]], founder and first ruler of the [[Kingdom of Jaisalmer]] ([[Jaisalmer]]), built the [[Jaisalmer Fort]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singha |first=H. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqIbJz7vMn0C |title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 Entries) |date=2000 |publisher=Hemkunt Press |isbn=978-81-7010-301-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Goswami |first=Adrita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=596-EAAAQBAJ&dq=rawal+jaisal+rajput&pg=PA17 |title=Tia and the Terracotta Horse |date=15 May 2023 |publisher=Ukiyoto Publishing |isbn=978-93-5787-925-5 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Rao Jodha]], King of [[Kingdom of Marwar|Marwar]] and founder of its capital city [[Jodhpur]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rani |first1=Kayita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lELRo9xARHEC&pg=PA17 |title=Royal Rajasthan |publisher=New Holland Publishers |year=2007 |isbn=9781847730916 |page=17}}</ref>
* [[Rao Bika]], founder and king of [[Bikaner State]] ([[Bikaner]]), son of [[Rao Jodha]] who left Marwar to create his own kingdom<ref>Crump and Toh. Page 192.</ref>
* [[Rudra Pratap Singh]], first ruler and founder of [[Orchha State|Orchha kingdom]] ([[Orchha]]).<ref name="sen2p187">{{cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=187}}</ref>
* [[Jam Rawal]], King of [[Cutch State]] and founder of [[Nawanagar State]] ([[Jamnagar]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jamnagar |url=https://jamnagar.nic.in/ |access-date=18 June 2020 |website=Jamnagar}}</ref>
* [[Rana Udai Singh II]], King of [[Mewar]] and founder of its capital city [[Udaipur]]<ref>{{cite book |author=Ranawat, P. S. |title=Wah!Udaipur Wah!! |date=2016 |isbn=978-81-929881-1-5}}</ref>
* [[Kishan Singh of Kishangarh|Kishan Singh]], founded the independent [[Kishangarh State|state of Kishangarh]] ([[Kishangarh]]), later famous for its [[Indian miniature paintings|miniature paintings]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chaitanya |first=Krishna |title=History of Indian Painting: Rajasthani Traditions |publisher=Abhinav Publications |year=1992 |isbn=9788170171546 |pages=120 |language=en |orig-year=1976}}</ref>
* [[Vir Singh Deo]], King of [[Orchha State|Orchha]] and founder of [[Datia]]<ref name="mehta">{{cite book |last=Mehta |first=Jaswant Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813 |publisher=Sterling Publishers |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-93270-554-6 |page=105}}</ref>
* [[Raj Singh I|Maharana Raj Singh I]], King of [[Mewar]], founded [[Rajsamand]] and its [[Rajsamand Lake|lake]] as a famine relief project<ref>John F. Richards. ''[[The New Cambridge History of India]]: The Mughal Empire'' (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993) p. 181-184</ref><ref name="sen2p190">{{cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-93-80607-34-4 |pages=190}}</ref>
* [[Dowlat Singh]], founded [[Sikar]] in 1687, establishing it as a major hub of the [[Shekhawati region]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kling |first=Doris Marion |title=The Emergence of Jaipur State, Rajput Response to Mughal Rule, 1562-1743 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania |year=1993 |pages=237 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Jai Singh II]], King of [[Amber (state)|Amber]] and founder of its capital city [[Jaipur]], first planned city designed on [[Vastu shastra|Vastu Shastra principles]]<ref name="Jaipur">{{cite book |last1=Sarkar |first1=Jadunath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O0oPIo9TXKcC |title=A History of Jaipur: C. 1503-1938 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |year=1994 |isbn=9788125003335}}</ref>

==== Legendary warriors ====
[[File:Veer Durgadas Rathore.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Durgadas Rathore]], by [[Har Bilas Sarda]]]]

* [[Dhir Singh Pundir]], a [[Commander-in-chief|Commander in chief]] of [[Chauhan dynasty|Chahamana]] Emperor [[Prithviraj Chauhan]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hāṇḍā |first=Omacanda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7_Ct9gzvkDQC&dq=pundir+rajput&pg=PA142 |title=History of Uttaranchal |date=2002 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-134-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=MEHLA |first=ISHWAR SINGH |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rkPGEAAAQBAJ&dq=pundir+rajput&pg=PT34 |title=An Anthology On The Ror Caste |date=22 June 2023 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=979-8-88975-967-6 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Alha]] and [[Udal of Mahoba|Udal]], the [[Banaphar|Banaphar Rajput]] generals of Chandela king Parmardi-deva or Parmal of [[Mahoba]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=The Alha-khand refers to a collection of epic ballads recounting the exploits of two Rajput warriors, Alha and Udal, sung by oral bards in North India. |first=Sneharika Roy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ee1GDwAAQBAJ&dq=alha+udal+rajput&pg=PT144 |title=The Postcolonial Epic: From Melville to Walcott and Ghosh |date=12 January 2018 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-351-20157-5 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hiltebeitel |first=Alf |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MMFdosx0PokC&dq=alha+udal+rajput&pg=PA128 |title=Rethinking India's Oral and Classical Epics: Draupadi among Rajputs, Muslims, and Dalits |date=15 February 2009 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-34055-5 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Gora Badal|Gora Singh and Badal Singh]], two warriors from Mewar, a famous folk tale of them is about Gora Singh who is said to have fought even after his head was severed, a testament to the legendary Rajput valour<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=S. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HPvqDwAAQBAJ&dq=gora+badal&pg=PA21 |title=Without Hesitation |publisher=Blue Rose Publishers |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Behari |first=Mridula |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rrU8DwAAQBAJ&dq=gora+badal&pg=PT98 |title=Padmini: The Spirited Queen of Chittor |date=23 November 2017 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-87326-36-1 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Gajpati Ujjainia]], commander in the army of the [[Sur Empire]] and chieftain in the [[Bhojpuri region]] of [[Bihar]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ansari |first1=Tahir Hussain |date=2014 |title=A Political Biography of an Ujjainia Chief of Bhojpur: Raja Gajpati |url=http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/3840 |journal=Karatoya |volume=7 |pages=40–48}}</ref>
* [[Jaimal Rathore]] and [[Patta Sisodia]], two 16th-century Rajput warriors who defended the Chittorgarh Fort against the Mughal emperor Akbar's forces.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Harlan |first=Lindsey |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4B-j8Sp2jegC&dq=jaimal+patta&pg=PA49 |title=The Goddesses' Henchmen: Gender in Indian Hero Worship |date=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-515426-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Adhikari |first=Subhrashis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iz4UDAAAQBAJ&dq=jaimal+patta&pg=PT85 |title=The Journey of Survivors: 70,000-Year History of Indian Sub-Continent |date=20 April 2016 |publisher=Partridge Publishing |isbn=978-1-4828-7334-4 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Jhala (clan)|Jhala Maan Singh]], a military general of Maharana Pratap, fought in the [[Battle of Haldighati]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=It was Jhala Manna, not Rana Pratap, who was now surrounded by Man Singh and his men. 'Surrender!' shouted a Mughal soldier. 'Tell us where Pratap is and we will let you and your men live. The reply was another peal of laughter from Jhala Manna, who then he led his men in one final assault on the Mughals. Death was certain, but Manna didn't seem to care. He slew several more enemies before finally being cut down himself, signalling the end of the battle of Haldighati. Man Singh had won. But, thanks to Jhala Manna, Rana Pratap had lived to fight another day. While Man Singh is credited with having won the battle of Haldighati, there are many who believe that the true victor that day was Jhala Manna. By sacrificing his life, he ensured the survival of one the most famous Rajput kings in Indian history. |first=Nimish Dubey |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qFnuDwAAQBAJ&dq=jhala+man+singh&pg=PT30 |title=Indian Tales of Valour |date=1 October 2018 |publisher=Ponytale Books |isbn=978-93-80637-78-5 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Durgadas Rathore]], was a minister of [[Marwar]] who was successful in preserving Marwar against Mughal rule<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rap;son |first1=Edward James |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yoI8AAAAIAAJ |title=The Cambridge History of India |last2=Haig |first2=Sir Wolseley |last3=Burn |first3=Sir Richard |year=1962 |page=247}}</ref>
* [[Mian Dido Jamwal]], a [[Dogra Rajput]] warrior from the [[Jamwal]] clan who rebelled against the overlords of [[Jammu]] during the [[Sikh Empire]] of [[Ranjit Singh]].<ref name="m2">{{cite book |last1=Jeratha |first1=Aśoka |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ToONShWeEB0C&dq=Mian+Dido&pg=PA188 |title=Dogra Legends of Art & Culture |date=1998 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-082-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="the">{{cite web |last1=Mohammed |first1=Prof Jigar |title=Mian Dido: The man Jammu must know |url=https://www.thedispatch.in/mian-dido-man-jammu-must-know/ |website=The Dispatch}}</ref>
* [[Zorawar Singh Kahluria]], Kalhuria Rajput who conquered [[Ladakh]], [[Baltistan]], [[Gilgit]] and Western Tibet<ref>{{cite book |author=Sukh Dev Singh Charak |url=https://archive.org/details/generalzorawarsi00char |title=General Zorawar Singh |publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India |year=1983 |page=[https://archive.org/details/generalzorawarsi00char/page/14 14]}}</ref>

=== Sikh Rajputs ===
*[[Alam Singh Nachna]], a warrior in [[Guru Gobind Singh]]’s army and was a Rajput turned Sikh<ref>{{Cite book |last=ALAM SINGH NACHNÃ (d. 1705), a warrior in the retinue of Guru Gobind Singh, was the son of Bhai Durgu, a Sikh Rajput |first=Harbans Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=khDYAAAAMAAJ&q=alam+singh+nachna |title=The Encyclopaedia of Sikhism: A-D |date=1995 |publisher=Punjabi University |isbn=978-81-7380-100-6 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Bhai Mani Singh]], a [[Sikh]] scholar and martyr<ref>{{Cite book |last=Naik Mani Ram, a Puar Rajput of Alipur, near Multan, whose five sons, Bachitra Singh, Ude Singh, Anik Singh, Ajaib Singh and Ajab Singh were among Guru Gobind Singh's foremost warriors |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uQlDAAAAYAAJ&q=alam+singh+nachna+rajput |title=Proceedings |date=1989 |publisher=Department of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University. |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_nwEAAAQBAJ&dq=bhai+mani+singh&pg=PA198 |title=Virasat-e-Punjab Punjab History and Culture (A Complete Book for all Competitive Exams of Punjab) |publisher=Insta Publishing |isbn=978-93-95037-86-0 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Bhai Bachittar Singh]], a Sikh general, known with the title of [[Shahid|Shaheed]] (martyr) <ref>{{Cite book |last=Next morning Kesri Singh, with the mad elephant in front of him, advanced with his army against the Guru. When the elephant came near enough Bachittar Singh Rajput rode towards him, thrust his spear into the animal's mailed forehead and pierced it through. |first=Bhagat Lakshman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XOY3V9pxcMMC&q=baba+bachittar+singh+rajput&pg=PA96 |title=Short Sketch of the Life and Works of Guru Gobind Singh |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-0576-3 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Uday Singh (Sikh warrior)|Bhai Uda Singh]], a Sikh warrior during the period of [[Guru Gobind Singh]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lal Chand, Sahib Chand, Ganga Ram and Daya Ram Prohit engaged with the Pathans and were about to put them to flight when Raja Ghazi Chand of Chanderi attacked the Sikhs from behind ; and so ably did he fight that he Sikh would have been compelled to retire had not Udai Singh, Bachittar Singh, and other Rajput refugees come to their help and turned the tide of war And though Rajas Hari Chand and Gopal Chand, aided by Raja Kesri Singh, fought bravely the confederate army fell back. |first=Bhagat Lakshman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XOY3V9pxcMMC&dq=udai+singh+sikh+rajput&pg=PA76 |title=Short Sketch of the Life and Works of Guru Gobind Singh |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-0576-3 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Bhagwant Singh Bangeshwar]], engaged in a battle with a [[Mughal Army|Mughal]] commander named Kamal Khan of [[Attock Fort]]. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Dilagīra |first=Harajindara Siṅgha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lKjXAAAAMAAJ&dq=Guru+De+Sher&pg=PA1 |title=Gurū de shera: gurū kāla de 200 toṃ waddha shahīdāṃ dīāṃ jīwanīāṃ |date=2001 |publisher=Bhā. Catara Siṅgha Jīwana Siṅgha |isbn=978-81-7601-437-3 |language=pa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gandhi |first=Surjit Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZFBp89UInUC&pg=PA588 |title=History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606-1708 C.E |date=2007 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist |isbn=978-81-269-0858-5 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Banda Singh Bahadur]],<ref>{{cite book |author=Rajmohan Gandhi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OVqP54UEe4QC&pg=PA117 |title=Revenge and Reconciliation |publisher=Penguin Books India |year=1999 |isbn=9780140290455 |pages=117–18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Banda Singh Bahadur |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/51460/Banda-Singh-Bahadur |access-date=15 May 2013 |publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref> was a [[Sikh]] military commander of [[Khalsa]] army who assembled a fighting force and led the rebellion against the [[Mughals]] to establish Khalsa rule in [[Punjab (region)|Punjab]]<ref>{{cite book |author=Harbans Kaur Sagoo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XnPiAAAAMAAJ |title=Banda Singh Bahadur and Sikh sovereignty |publisher=Deep & Deep |year=2001 |isbn=9788176293006 |page=112 |quote=His father, Ram Dev, was an ordinary ploughman, Rajput of the Bharadwaj clan}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Vidya Dhar Mahajan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sLo9AAAAMAAJ |title=Muslim Rule in India |publisher=S. Chand |year=1965 |page=231 |quote=Banda Bahadur was a Dogra Rajput}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=H. S. Singha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fa6B20l9AeQC&pg=PA8 |title=Sikh Studies |publisher=Hemkunt Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-7010-258-8 |page=8 |quote=Banda Singh Bahadur was born in 1670 AD at Rajouri in Jammu and Kashmir of Dogra Rajput parents.}}</ref>
*[[Baj Singh|Baba Baj Singh]], Sikh general, scholar and martyr <ref>{{Cite web |last=Born in a Rajput family at Mirpur Patti, a village in the Amritsar district. He was the cousin of Shaheed Bhai Mani Singh ji and a close companion of Guru Gobind Singh Ji. History states that he was blessed with Amrit from the hands of Guru Gobind Singh Ji Maharaj themselves, he was always well respected as one of the advisors to the Khalsa Panth. |date=10 October 2020 |title=Baba Baaj Singh – The Great Soorma |url=https://scottishsikh.wordpress.com/2020/10/10/baba-baaj-singh-the-great-soorma/ |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=The Scottish Sikh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2024 |title=The Legacy of Bhai Baz Singh as a Warrior in Sikh History - SikhHeros : Chronicles of Culture, News, and Tradition |url=https://www.sikhheros.com/history-and-culture/the-legacy-of-bhai-baz-singh-as-a-warrior-in-sikh-history/ |access-date=29 July 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Muslim Rajputs ===
* [[Rai Bhoe Bhatti]], Founder of [[Nankana Sahib]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070526/saturday/main1.htm|title=Guru Nanak's estate flourishes in Pakistan|work=The Tribune|date=26 May 2007|accessdate=23 September 2014}}</ref>
* [[Rai Bular Bhatti]], a [[Muslim Rajput]] who donated 18,750 acres of land to [[Guru Nanak]]<ref name="raifamily">{{cite news |date=26 May 2007 |title=Guru Nanak's estate flourishes in Pakistan |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070526/saturday/main1.htm |access-date=23 September 2014 |work=The Tribune}}</ref>
* [[Hasan Khan Mewati]], Ruler of [[Mewat]], he allied with [[Rana Sanga]] in the [[Battle of Khanwa]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Joglekar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4_SB95ZA-_cC&pg=PA60 |title=Decisive Battles India Lost (326 B. C. to 1803 A. D.) |publisher=Lulu.com |year=2006 |isbn=9781847283023 |page=60}}</ref>
* [[Dulla Bhatti]], a [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] [[folk hero]] of [[Bhatti]] clan who led revolt against [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[Akbar|Emperor Akbar]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rai Abdullah Khan Bhatti Rajput, popularly known as Dulla Bhatti was a famous legendary hero of the Punjab, who led a rebellion against the emperor the Great. Such was the level of resistance put up by Rai Abdullah Khan that Akbar had to shift his capital from Delhi to Lahore for nearly 20 years, making the Lahore Fort his headquarters |first=S. S. Bhatti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PJZWQQUyr1EC&dq=dulla+bhatti+rajput&pg=PR9 |title=Golden Temple: Marvel of Sikh Architecture |date=2013 |publisher=Dorrance Publishing |isbn=978-1-4349-8964-2 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Isa Khan]], a [[Muslim Rajput]] chieftain who led the [[Bhuyan chieftains|Baro Bhuiyans]] (twelve landlords) in 16th-century [[Bengal]], throughout his reign he resisted the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] attacks<ref>{{cite web |author=AA Sheikh Md Asrarul Hoque Chisti |title=Isa Khan |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Isa_Khan |access-date=5 May 2015 |publisher=[[Banglapedia]]: The National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh, [[Asiatic Society]] of Bangladesh, [[Dhaka]]}}</ref>
* [[Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana]], a Punjabi [[Muslim Rajput]] landowner and politician during the Sikh Empire.<ref>Rishi Singh, State Formation and the Establishment of Non-Muslim Hegemony: Post-Mughal 19th-century Punjab, SAGE Publications India, 23 April 2015</ref>{{pn|date=August 2023}}

==Anti-colonialists==
===Company rule===
* [[Raja Narain Singh]], Zamindar of the Seris and Kutumba estate. Participated in the [[1781 revolt in Bihar]]<ref name=Maharatna2012>{{cite journal |title=The Zamindars of Bihar: Their Resistance to Colonial Rule Between 1765-1781 |author=Paramita Maharatna |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=73 |year=2012 |pages=1435 |jstor=44156363}}</ref>
===Mutineers and rebels, Indian rebellion of 1857===
[[File:Kunvar singh.jpg|thumb|180px|An illustration of [[Veer Kunwar Singh]] in ''The History of the Indian Empire'', {{circa|1858}}]]
* [[Kunwar Singh]], ruler of [[Jagdishpur estate]], rebel leader in the [[Indian rebellion of 1857]] against British rule<ref name="auto2">{{cite book |last1=Paul |first1=E. Jaiwant |title=The Greased Cartridge: The Heroes and Villains of 1857-58 |date=1 August 2011 |publisher=Roli Books Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5194-010-4 |page=93 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=65vrBAAAQBAJ&dq=Kunwar+Singh+rajput&pg=PT93 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Babu Amar Singh]], brother of Kunwar Singh, the ruler of [[Jagdishpur estate]], rebel leader in the [[Indian rebellion of 1857]] against British rule<ref name="auto2" />
* [[Hare Krishna Singh]], commander and chief of Kunwar Singh, the rebel leader in the [[Indian rebellion of 1857]] against British rule<ref name="auto2"/>
* [[Meghar Singh Sakarwar]], Zamindar of [[Gahmar]]. He participated in the rebellion of 1857 against [[East India Company]] supporting the rebel soldiers under [[Babu Amar Singh]].<ref name="Downs2002">{{cite journal |title=Rural Insurgency During the Indian Revolt of 1857-59: Meghar Singh and the Uprising of the Sakarwars |author1=Troy Downs |journal=South Asia Research |volume=22 |issue=2 |year=2002 |pages=123–143 |doi=10.1177/026272800202200202 |s2cid=145242596| issn = 0262-7280}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Guha|first=Ranajit |title=Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency in Colonial India|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|year=1999|pages= 118, 238, 323–326|isbn=0822323486 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y5SrnXC-HNcC&q=ranajit+guha+elementary+aspects+of+peasant+insurgency |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Mukherjee|first=Rudrangshu|title= Awadh in Revolt, 1857-1858: A Study of Popular Resistance |pages=xiv |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TiWNAvhoLkkC&dq=meghar+singh+1857&pg=PR14 |publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]]|year=2002|isbn=9788178240275 |language=English}}</ref>
* [[Ram Baksh Singh]], Zamindar of [[Daundia Khera]] estate. Participated in the [[Indian rebellion of 1857]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Archaeological Survey of India springs into action after sant dreams of treasure|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-archaeological-survey-of-india-springs-into-action-after-sant-dreams-of-treasure-1904193|access-date=26 October 2013|newspaper=DNA India|date=19 October 2013}}</ref>
* [[Bandhu Singh]], rebel leader of Dumari estate. Participated in the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]<ref name=Amin1995>{{cite book |last1=Amin |first1=Shahid |title=Event, Metaphor, Memory: Chauri Chaura, 1922-1992 |date=1995 |publisher=University of California Press |pages=137–140 |isbn=9780520087804 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbYwDwAAQBAJ&q=bandhu+singh+1857}}</ref>
* [[Rana Ratan Singh]], was a rebel against British rule who was affiliated to Sodhas of [[Umerkot]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1176551 |title=Umerkot: Lost in history |work=Dawn.Com |access-date=1 September 2016}}</ref>
* [[Kushal Singh of Auwa|Kushal Singh]], the rebel thakur of [[Auwa]] who defeated British Army under General Lawrence during [[Indian rebellion of 1857]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Hooja|first=Rima|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ|title=A History of Rajasthan|date=2006|publisher=Rupa & Company|isbn=978-81-291-0890-6|pages=836|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Lal Pratap Singh]], Rajkumar of [[Kalakankar]] estate and was prominent leader in the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] against British rule<ref name="Lal Pratap Singh">{{cite web|title=Lal Pratap Singh|url=http://stampsathi.in/stamppages/2560-lal-pratap-singh.php|publisher=Stamp Sathi|access-date=15 February 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130412230214/http://stampsathi.in/stamppages/2560-lal-pratap-singh.php|archive-date=12 April 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Babu Bhoop Singh]], ruler of [[Kohra (estate)|Kohra]] estate and was prominent leader in the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] against the British<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Rudrangshu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TiWNAvhoLkkC&q=Bhup+Singh+Bandhalgoti |title=Awadh in Revolt, 1857-1858: A Study of Popular Resistance |date=2002 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-7824-027-5 |pages=179–195 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amar Ujala epaper Amethi |url=http://epaper.amarujala.com/amethi/my-city/20220814/01.html |access-date=11 December 2022 |website=epaper.amarujala.com |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Rana Beni Madho]], ruler of Shankarpur estate and was one of the important rebel leaders in Oudh in the revolt of 1857.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chanana|first=Priyanka|date=2012|title="Colonial Remodeling of Land Rights After the Uprising of 1857: Conferment and Resumptions in Baiswara Region"|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44156269|journal=[[Proceedings of the Indian History Congress]]|publisher=[[Indian History Congress]]|volume=73|pages=740|jstor=44156269}}</ref>

===British Raj===
* [[S. R. Rana|Sardarsinhji Ravaji Rana]], was an Indian independence activist, founding member of the [[Paris Indian Society]] and the vice-president of the [[Indian Home Rule Society]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bhushan |first1=Bharat |last2=Bandhu |first2=Vishav |last3=Saraf |first3=Nandini |title=Revolutionaries of India Part-II (The Life and Times of Chandrashekhar Azad/ The Life and Times of Madan Lal Dhingra/ The Life and Times of Deshbandhu Chittranjan Das) (Set of 3 Books): Bestseller Book by Bharat Bhushan; Vishav Bandhu; Nandini Saraf: Revolutionaries of India Part-II (The Life and Times of Chandrashekhar Azad/ The Life and Times of Madan Lal Dhingra/ The Life and Times of Deshbandhu Chittranjan Das) (Set of 3 Books) |date=8 August 2022 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |page=193 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8TKAEAAAQBAJ&dq=S.+R.+Rana+rajput+Limbdi+State&pg=PP193 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Rao Gopal Singh Kharwa]], erstwhile ruler of [[Kharwa, Rajasthan|Kharwa]] state, was jailed for organising revolt against the British<ref name=jpr>{{cite book|title=Jaipur: Gem of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5tCeDAAAQBAJ&q=jaipur+gem+of+india+page+420&pg=PT3|first=D.K.|last=Taknet|author-link=D. K. Taknet|publisher=Integral IDMS|pages=420–421|date=2016|isbn=9781942322054}}</ref>
* [[Thakur Roshan Singh]], was an Indian revolutionary and a member of [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]]<ref name=quarterly>{{cite book|title=The Quarterly Review of Historical Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iu0Y1rM1n84C|year=1994|publisher=Institute of Historical Studies|page=75}}</ref>
* [[Ram Prasad Bismil]], was an Indian poet, writer, and revolutionary who fought against [[British Raj]], participating in the Mainpuri Conspiracy of 1918, and the [[Kakori Conspiracy]] of 1925.<ref>{{cite book|title=Great Indian Freedom Fighter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VVukEAAAQBAJ&dq=ram+prasad+tomar&pg=PA74|year=|author= Manoj Dole|page=74}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/voices/remembering-shaheed-ram-prasad-bismil-tomar/|title=Remembering Shaheed Ram Prasad 'Bismil' Tomar|date = 12 June 2023 | publisher = [[Times of India]] |last= Rana|first= Pushpendra}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-history/a-ram-prasad-bismil-revolutionary-poet-8656213/|title= A revolutionary and a poet: Who was Ram Prasad Bismil? |date = 12 June 2023 | publisher = [[The Indian Express]] |last= Sengupta|first= Arjun}}</ref>
* [[Mahavir Singh (revolutionary)|Mahavir Singh Rathore]], revolutionary freedom fighter; member of [[Naujawan Bharat Sabha]] who helped Bhagat Singh escape from the British.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20051031/jal.htm|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - JALANDHAR PLUS}}</ref>
* [[Ram Singh Pathania]], freedom fighter against the British rule from Himachal Pradesh. Widely regarded as one of the greatest freedom fighters of Himachal Pradesh<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tG0fnF0VRk0C&dq=wazir+ram+singh+pathania+rajput&pg=PA43 | isbn=9788173870897 | title=Social, Cultural, and Economic History of Himachal Pradesh | year=1998 | publisher=Indus }}</ref>
* [[Anugrah Narayan Sinha]], known as ''[[Honorary titles of Indian leaders|Bihar Vibhuti]]'', was an Indian nationalist [[:wikt:statesman|statesman]], participant in [[Champaran Satyagraha]], [[Gandhian]] & one<ref>{{cite news |last=Diwakar |first=DM |date=7 November 2011|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1111107/jsp/bihar/story_14718073.jsp |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171019213900/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1111107/jsp/bihar/story_14718073.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 October 2017 |title=Aim to develop institute into university |work=The Telegraph |access-date=24 October 2023}}</ref> of the architects of modern Bihar, who also served as the first Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gould |first1=Harold A. |title=India Votes: Alliance Politics And Minority Governments In The Ninth And Tenth General Elections |date=20 May 2019 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-72277-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gbuZDwAAQBAJ&dq=Son+of+the+great+Rajput+leader+Anugrah+Narayan+Sinha&pg=PT65 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Habib ur Rahman (Indian National Army officer)|Habib-ur-Rahman]], officer of the [[Indian National Army|Azad Hind Fauj]] patriots army in the Second War of Independence during [[World War II]] against the [[British Raj|British Raj Empire]]{{efn|''He was of [[Chibhal]] Royalty''}}

==Rulers of princely states==
List of notable [[Rajput]]s during the British era who hailed from royal families that ruled [[princely states]], Thikanas, and [[Zamindar]]s.
[[File:Hari Singh 1931.jpg|thumb|261x261px|Maharaja [[Hari Singh]], the last Maharaja of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], hailed from the [[Dogra Dynasty]] of Rajputs]]
* [[Maharaja Ganga Singh]] of [[Bikaner State|Bikaner]], a modern reformist visionary.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RL8qWNmpkc0C&dq=Ganga+Singh+rajput&pg=PT112|title=Animal Kingdoms: Hunting, the Environment, and Power in the Indian Princely States|first=Julie E.|last=Hughes|date=25 March 2013|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=9780674074804 |via=Google Books}}</ref> He was also the only non-White member of the British [[Imperial War Cabinet]] during [[World War I]].
* [[Pratap Singh of Jammu and Kashmir]], Maharaja of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<ref name="auto4">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ubx7_Y677oUC&pg=PA137|title=Jewish Portraits, Indian Frames: Women's Narratives from a Diaspora of Hope|first=Jael|last=Silliman|date=9 May 2003|publisher=UPNE|isbn=9781584653059 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="auto9">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nyk6oA2nOlgC&pg=PA207|title=Aspects of India's International Relations, 1700 to 2000: South Asia and the World|first=Jayanta Kumar|last=Ray|date=9 May 2007|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=9788131708347 |via=Google Books}}</ref>
* [[Maharaja Hari Singh]], the last ruler of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<ref name="auto4"/><ref name="auto9"/>
* [[Khengarji III]], Maharaja of [[Cutch State|Kutch]].<ref name="auto">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BSNtEAAAQBAJ&dq=Khengarji+III+rajput&pg=PA138 | isbn=9788186982051 | title=Lives of the Indian Princes | date=June 1998 | publisher=BPI }}</ref>
* [[Takht Singh]], Maharaja of [[Jodhpur State|Jodhpur]].<ref name="auto3">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6dR0CgAAQBAJ&dq=Jaswant+Singh+II+++rajput&pg=PR20 | isbn=9789004300569 | title=Royal Umbrellas of Stone: Memory, Politics, and Public Identity in Rajput Funerary Art | date=25 August 2015 | publisher=BRILL }}</ref>
* [[Jaswant Singh II]], Maharaja of [[Jodhpur State|Jodhpur]].<ref name="auto3"/>
* [[Sardar Singh of Jodhpur]], Maharaja of [[Jodhpur State|Jodhpur]].<ref name="auto3"/>
* [[Fateh Singh of Udaipur and Mewar]], Maharaja of [[Kingdom of Mewar|Udaipur]].<ref name="auto3"/>
* [[Bhupal Singh]], Maharaja of [[Kingdom of Mewar|Udaipur]].<ref name="auto3"/>
* [[Madho Singh II]], Maharaja of [[Jaipur State|Jaipur]].<ref name="auto3"/>
* [[Man Singh II]], Maharaja of [[Jaipur State|Jaipur]].<ref name="auto3"/>
* [[Pragmalji II]], Maharaja of [[Cutch State|Kutch]].<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Umaid Singh]], Maharaja of [[Jodhpur State|Jodhpur]].<ref name="auto3"/>
* [[Hanwant Singh]], last Maharaja of [[Jodhpur State|Jodhpur]].<ref name="auto3"/>
* [[Jai Singh Prabhakar]], Maharaja of [[Alwar State|Alwar]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eAOrCQAAQBAJ&dq=Jai+Singh+Prabhakar+rajput+++rajput&pg=PA37 | isbn=9780313365492 | title=The Life and Fate of the Indian Tiger | date=23 July 2009 | publisher=Abc-Clio }}</ref>
* [[Amarsinhji Banesinhji]], last Maharaja of [[Wankaner State|Wankaner]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey By Somerset Playne, R. V. Solomon, J. W. Bond|date=1922|pages=752–53|isbn=9788120619654|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=47sfj8DUwNgC&q=amarsinhji+wankaner&pg=PA752|accessdate=6 October 2016|last1=Solomon|first1=R. V.|last2=Bond|first2=J. W.|publisher=Asian Educational Services }}</ref>
* [[Umed Singh II]], Maharaja of [[Kota State|Kota]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aMg3AQAAIAAJ&q=Umed+Singh+II+kota+rajput | title=Four Centuries of Rajput Painting: Mewar, Marwar and Dhundhar Indian Miniatures from the Collection of Isabella and Vicky Ducrot | isbn=9788857200187 | last1=Ducrot | first1=Vicky | date=10 August 2023 | publisher=Skira }}</ref>
* [[Bhim Singh II]], Maharaja of [[Kota State|Kota]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aMg3AQAAIAAJ&q=Umed+Singh+II+kota+rajput | title=Four Centuries of Rajput Painting: Mewar, Marwar and Dhundhar Indian Miniatures from the Collection of Isabella and Vicky Ducrot | isbn=9788857200187 | last1=Ducrot | first1=Vicky | date=10 August 2023 | publisher=Skira }}</ref>
* [[Raja Rajendra Singh]], Raja of [[Baghal State|Baghal]] from 1946 until 1971.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brentnall |first=Mark |title=The Princely and Noble Families of the Former Indian Empire |publisher=Indus Publishing Company |year=2004 |isbn=9788173871634 |volume=1 |location=New Delhi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ayYbAvECXQwC}}</ref>
* [[Sita Devi (Maharani of Kapurthala)]], born to the royal family of [[Kashipur, Uttarakhand|Kashipur]]<ref name=Poddar2015.47>{{cite book |last1=Poddar |first1=Abhishek |last2=Gaskell |first2=Nathaniel |last3=Pramod Kumar |first3=K. G |last4=Museum of Art & Photography (Bangalore |first4=India) |title=Maharanis: women of royal India |date=2015 |publisher=Mapin Publishing|location=Ahmedabad |isbn=978-93-85360-06-0 |chapter=Kapurthala|pages=47–48 |oclc=932267190 |language=English}}</ref>

==British Indian military people==
* [[Sajjan Singh of Ratlam|Major General Sajjan Singh of Ratlam]], British Indian officer who served in [[World War I]], [[Third Afghan War]]. He was the Maharaja of [[Ratlam State|Ratlam]].<ref>{{cite book |last=McClenaghan |first=Tony |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YQdZlHJ2WTAC&q=Sajjan+singh+rajput |title=Indian Princely Medals: A Record of the Orders, Decorations, and Medals of the Indian Princely States |date=1996 |publisher=Lancer Publishers |isbn=9781897829196 |page=241 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Thakur Mahadeo Singh|Major General Thakur Mahadeo Singh]], British Indian officer who served in [[World War II]].<ref name="road_glory">{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Pradeep |date=10 November 2022 |title=Gen Mahadeo Singh & the Road of Glory |url=https://garhwalpost.in/gen-mahadeo-singh-the-road-of-glory/ |access-date=8 January 2023 |work=Garhwal Post |location=}}</ref><ref name="1/2_Punjab">{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Aditya |date=1 May 2020 |title=1/2 Punjab in World War II |url=https://salute.co.in/1-2-punjab-in-world-war-2/ |access-date=8 January 2023 |work=Salute |location=}}</ref>
* [[Hanut Singh|Brigadier Hanut Singh]], British Indian officer, son of [[Pratap Singh of Idar]], served in [[World War I]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Jaisal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ZF5EIfX9VwC&q=rao+raja+hanut+singh+jodhpur+state+forces&pg=PA35 |title=Polo in India |publisher=New Holland |year=2007 |isbn=9781845379131}}</ref>
* [[Thakur Hari Singh Shekhawat|Col Thakur Hari Singh Shekhawat]], British Indian officer who served in [[Second Afghan War]], [[Tirah campaign]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barkawi |first=Tarak |date=2006 |title=Between Two Worlds: A Rajput Officer in the Indian Army, 1905-21: Based on the Diary of Amar Singh of Jaipur (review) |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jmh.2006.0151 |journal=The Journal of Military History |volume=70 |issue=3 |pages=851–853 |doi=10.1353/jmh.2006.0151 |issn=1543-7795 |s2cid=161675293 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
* [[Pratap Singh of Idar|Col Pratap Singh of Idar]], was a decorated [[British Indian Army]] officer who served in [[Second Afghan War]], [[Tirah campaign]], [[Boxer Rebellion]], [[First World War]]. He was the Maharaja of [[Idar (princely state)|Idar]] and administrator and Regent of [[Jodhpur State|Jodhpur]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ellinwood |first1=DeWitt C. |title=Between Two Worlds: A Rajput Officer in the Indian Army, 1905-21 : Based on the Diary of Amar Singh of Jaipur |date=2005 |publisher=University Press of America |isbn=978-0-7618-3113-6 |page=250 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m9L-jRCQZnYC&dq=Pratap+Singh+of+Idar+rajput&pg=PA250 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Raghbir Singh Pathania|Lt Col Raghbir Singh Pathania]], British Indian officer who served and was killed in [[World War I]]<ref name="pathania_clan" />
* [[Dalpat Singh (soldier)|Major Dalpat Singh]], son of [[Thakur Hari Singh Shekhawat]], was a British Indian officer, known as the "Hero of Haifa" for his actions in the [[Battle of Haifa (1918)|Battle of Haifa]] during [[World War I]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/haifa-day-104-years-ago-gallant-indian-cavalrymen-liberated-this-city-in-israel-from-ottoman-rule |title=Haifa Day: 104 years ago, gallant Indian cavalrymen liberated this city in Israel from Ottoman rule |date=22 September 2022 |publisher= [[The Free Press Journal]]}}</ref>
* [[Gobind Singh (VC)|Jemadar Gobind Singh]], awarded [[Victoria Cross]] for the [[Battle of Cambrai (1917)|Battle of Cambrai]]<ref>{{cite web |date=20 June 2016 |title=WW1 Indian VC recipient Gobind Singh - Case study - GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/case-studies/ww1-indian-vc-recipient-gobind-singh |access-date=26 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[Abdul Hafiz (VC)|Jemadar Rao Abdul Hafiz]], awarded [[Victoria Cross]] for the [[Battle of Imphal]]<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2PhvnYSgIMwC&q=Abdul+Hafiz+(VC)+Rajput |title=The Pakistan Review |date=1953 |publisher=University of Minnesota |page=27 |language=en}}</ref>

==Politicians of post colonial India==
[[File:V. P. Singh (cropped).jpg|thumb|180px|[[V.P. Singh]], former Indian Prime Minister]]
[[File:BS Shekhawat.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]], former vice-president of India]]
[[File:Jaswant Singh.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Jaswant Singh]]]]
[[File: Digvijaya Singh (cropped).jpg|thumb|180px|[[Digvijaya Singh]], veteran politician of the [[Indian National Congress|Congress party]]]]

=== Vice-presidents ===
* [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]], 11th [[Vice-President of India]], former [[Chief Minister of Rajasthan|Chief minister of Rajasthan]]<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=23 October 2017 |title=राजपूतों को आईना दिखाने वाले भैरों सिंह शेखावत |url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/india-41715698 |access-date=6 April 2022 |work=BBC |language=hi}}</ref>

=== Prime ministers ===
* [[V. P. Singh]], former Prime Minister of India (1989–1990) and former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="Kumar2008">{{cite book |last1=Kumar |first1=Ashwani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=num2I4NFGqIC&pg=PA76 |title=Community Warriors: State, Peasants and Caste Armies in Bihar |date=2008 |publisher=Anthem Press |isbn=978-1-84331-709-8 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Chandra Shekhar]], former Prime Minister of India (1990–1991)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chand |first1=Attar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YY4I36ZbJ7gC&pg=PA59 |title=The Long March: Profile of Prime Minister Chandra Shekhar |date=1991 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-272-1 |pages=59 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Cabinet ministers ===
* [[Jaswant Singh]], former [[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]] and [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]]<ref>{{cite news|title=In Rajasthan, Jaswant Singh's Son Banks On Rajput Anger, Father's Legacy|last=IANS|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/in-rajasthan-jaswant-singhs-son-banks-on-rajput-anger-fathers-legacy-1954657|date=28 November 2018|access-date=23 September 2020|website=NDTV}}</ref>
* [[Dinesh Singh (politician, born 1925)|Dinesh Singh]], former Minister of External Affairs<ref>{{cite news |title=Obituary: Dinesh Singh |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-dinesh-singh-1523677.html |work=[[The Independent]] |date= 2 December 1995}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8v7Vr2iQUHkC&q=dinesh+singh+minister+Rajput&pg=PA300|title=India Since Independence: Making Sense Of Indian Politics|page=300|isbn=9788131734650|last1=Krishna|first1=Ananth V.|date=September 2011|publisher=Pearson Education India }}</ref>
* [[Dilip Singh Judeo]], former [[Minister of Environment and Forests]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Sejuti Das |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mQiKDwAAQBAJ&dq=Dilip+Singh+Judeo+Rajput&pg=PA100 |title=Class, Politics, and Agricultural Policies in Post-liberalisation India |date=9 May 2019 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781108416283 |via=Google Books}}</ref>
* [[Rajiv Pratap Rudy]], former [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Minister of Civil Aviation]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Subhash |date=17 October 2025 |title='मुझे राजपूत होने का गर्व है...', चुनाव मंच पर बोले भाजपा सांसद राजीव प्रताप रूडी |url=https://www.indiatv.in/bihar/india-tv-chunav-manch-bjp-mp-rajiv-pratap-rudy-statement-bihar-assembly-election-2025-2025-10-17-1169975 |work=India TV Hindi |language=hi |access-date=12 November 2025}}</ref>
* [[R. K. Singh]], former [[Ministry of Power (India)|Minister of Power]]<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Joshi |first1=Poornima |last2=Kala |first2=Rishi Ranjan |date=11 April 2024 |title=The problem with Bihar is its politicians and bureaucrats, says RK Singh |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/elections/the-problem-with-bihar-is-its-politicians-and-bureaucrats-says-rk-singh/article68054801.ece |work=BusinessLine |access-date=15 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419153839/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/elections/the-problem-with-bihar-is-its-politicians-and-bureaucrats-says-rk-singh/article68054801.ece |archive-date=19 April 2024 |quote=I decided that since I am a Rajput, I would send a clear message that caste is not a criteria or the basis of any bias.}}</ref>
* [[Narendra Singh Tomar]], former [[Minister of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare]]<ref>{{cite magazine |date=28 November 2018 |title=Bharat Bandh shooter admits to firing at Dalits, says union minister Narendra Singh Tomar protected him |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/caste/raja-chauhan-shooter-dalit-protest-narendra-singh-tomar |access-date=2 March 2022 |magazine=The Caravan |language=en}}</ref>{{qn|date=August 2023}}
* [[Jitendra Singh Rana]], Minister of State (I/C) [[Ministry of Science and Technology (India)|Science and Technology]]<ref name="firstpost.com">{{cite web |date=16 April 2019 |title=Lok Sabha polls: Battle royale between Rajputs in Jammu's Udhampur as Vikramaditya Singh takes on Jitendra Singh |work=Firstpost |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/lok-sabha-polls-battle-royale-between-rajputs-in-jammus-udhampur-as-vikramaditya-singh-takes-on-jitendra-singh-6459461.html |agency=First Post}}</ref>

=== State politicians ===
* [[Yashwant Singh Parmar]], former [[Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh|Chief Minister]] and widely considered the maker of modern [[Himachal Pradesh]]<ref>{{cite news |date=9 November 2017 |title=Rajputs' run to power continues unhindered |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/rajputs-run-to-power-continues-unhindered/articleshow/61568535.cms |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
* [[Chandrashekhar Singh]], former [[Chief Minister of Bihar|Chief minister of Bihar]]<ref name="Zarhani">{{cite news |last1=Zarhani |first1=Seyed Hossein |date=3 September 2018 |title=Governance and Development in India: A Comparative Study on Andhra Pradesh and Bihar after Liberalization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_3tqDwAAQBAJ&dq=Chandrashekhar+Singh+bihar+chief+minister+rajput&pg=PT184 |publisher=Routledge |language=en |isbn=9781351255189}}</ref>
* [[Satyendra Narayan Sinha]], former Chief minister of Bihar<ref name="Kumar2008" />
* [[Harihar Singh]], former Chief minister of Bihar<ref name="Kumar2008" /><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Narain |first1=Jai Prakash |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mfIdAAAAMAAJ |title=A Revolutionary's Quest: Selected Writings of Jayaprakash Narayan |last2=Narayan |first2=Jayaprakash |date=1980 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-561204-2 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Deep Narayan Singh]], former Chief minister of Bihar<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mishra |first1=Girish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e41uAAAAMAAJ&q=Deep+Narayan+Singh+bihar+rajput |title=Sociology and Economics of Casteism in India: A Study of Bihar |last2=Pandey |first2=Braj Kumar |date=1996 |publisher=Pragati Publications |isbn=978-81-7307-036-5 |page=323 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Atishi Marlena]], former [[Chief Minister of Delhi|Chief minister of Delhi]]<ref name=":name">{{cite news |date=28 August 2018 |title=Atishi drops her name Marlena |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/atishi-drops-second-name-marlena-denies-caste-angle/story-kb7ecS6K5pPPGTMT3XaSOM.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911002458/https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/atishi-drops-second-name-marlena-denies-caste-angle/story-kb7ecS6K5pPPGTMT3XaSOM.html |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=10 September 2018 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
* [[Thakur Ram Lal]], former Chief minister of Himachal Pradesh<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grover |first1=Verinder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aPVtAAAAMAAJ&q=Thakur+Ram+Lal+rajput |title=Encyclopaedia of India and Her States: Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and Punjab |last2=Arora |first2=Ranjana |date=1996 |publisher=Deep & Deep |isbn=978-81-7100-730-1 |page=42 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Virbhadra Singh]], former Chief minister of Himachal Pradesh<ref>{{Cite web |title=It's Rajput versus Rajput in Himachal polls |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/its-rajput-versus-rajput-in-himachal-polls.html |website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]}}</ref>
* [[Dharam Singh]], former [[Chief Minister of Karnataka|Chief minister of Karnataka]]<ref>{{cite news |date=28 July 2017 |title=N Dharam Singh: 'A simple politician with no enemies' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/n-dharam-singh-a-simple-politician-with-no-enemies-ajatshatru-4770673/ |access-date=6 April 2022 |work=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Arjun Singh (politician, born 1930)|Arjun Singh]], former [[Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh|Chief minister of Madhya Pradesh]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tillin |first1=Louise |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abENAQAAQBAJ&dq=arjun+Singh+chief+minister+madhya+pradesh+rajput&pg=PA153 |title=Remapping India: New States and their Political Origins |date=1 October 2013 |publisher=Hurst Publishers |isbn=978-1-84904-229-1 |page=153 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Digvijaya Singh]], former Chief minister of Madhya Pradesh<ref name="auto8">{{cite news |date=8 August 2017 |title=Gujarat RS poll: 'You are a Rajput', says Digvijaya Singh to Shankersinh Vaghela |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/you-are-a-rajput-says-digvijaya-singh-to-shankersinh-vaghela/articleshow/59966177.cms |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
* [[Govind Narayan Singh]], former Chief minister of Madhya Pradesh, former [[List of governors of Bihar|governor of Bihar]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tomar |first=Shruti |date=3 November 2023 |title=Madhya Pradesh polls: Why is Congress again banking on OBC politics for power |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/bhopal-news/madhya-pradesh-polls-why-is-congress-again-banking-on-obc-politics-for-power-101698997334620.html |quote=In 1956, Vindhya Pradesh merged into Madhya Bharat (present-day Madhya Pradesh minus Chhattisgarh) and since then the region has given two Rajput chief ministers to the state --- Govind Narayan Singh and Arjun Singh.}}</ref>
* [[Rajendra Narayan Singh Deo]], former [[Chief Minister of Odisha|Chief minister of Odisha]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=P |first=Kabad Waman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QIkyQEfSH70C |title=Indian Who's who |publisher=Yeshanand & Company |location=Nanded |pages=272 |language=en |quote=Rajendra Narayan Singh Deo, Chauhan Rajput}}</ref>
* [[Harish Rawat]], former [[Chief Minister of Uttarakhand|Chief minister of Uttarakhand]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 2019 |title=Not Just BJP, Congress' Harish Rawat Faces Ire of Party Workers Too as he Contests From Nainital : "I am Rana Sanga-Rajput King of 16 Century." |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/not-just-bjp-congress-harish-rawat-faces-ire-of-party-workers-as-he-contests-from-nainital-2076157.html |access-date=27 July 2020 |website=News18}}</ref>
* [[Yogi Adityanath]], current [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh|Chief minister of Uttar Pradesh]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Aron |first1=Sunita |date=28 January 2022 |title=Yogi Adityanath interview: 'I do politics of development... how can that be divisive' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/uttar-pradesh-assembly-election/yogi-adityanath-interview-i-do-politics-of-development-how-can-that-be-divisive-101643309039129.html |access-date=6 April 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Vir Bahadur Singh]], former Chief minister of Uttar Pradesh<ref name="Print2020">{{cite news |date=9 October 2020 |title=Who are Thakurs of UP and why are they powerful? Answers are key to understanding Hathras |url=https://theprint.in/india/who-are-thakurs-of-up-and-why-are-they-powerful-answers-are-key-to-understanding-hathras/519418/ |access-date=6 April 2022 |work=ThePrint}}</ref>
* [[Tribhuvan Narain Singh]], former Chief minister of Uttar Pradesh <ref name="Print2020" />
* [[Manish Sisodia]], former [[Deputy Chief Minister of Delhi]]<ref>{{cite news |date=26 January 2018 |title=Manish Sisodia will watch film with Rajputs |url=https://www.asianage.com/india/all-india/260118/manish-sisodia-will-watch-film-with-rajputs.html |access-date=22 September 2020 |work=The Asian Age}}</ref>
* [[Karan Singh]], former [[List of governors of Jammu and Kashmir|governor of Jammu and Kashmir]]<ref name="PTI">{{cite news |date=24 November 2017 |title=Reverence doesn't mean you issue threats: Karan Singh on |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/reverence-doesn-t-mean-you-issue-threats-karan-singh-on-117112401175_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171124180130/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/reverence-doesn-t-mean-you-issue-threats-karan-singh-on-117112401175_1.html |archive-date=24 November 2017 |work=[[Business Standard]] |quote=" ... I am a Rajput, ..." |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref>

=== Members of parliament ===

==== Lok Sabha ====
* [[Lovely Anand]], [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha MP]] from [[Sheohar Lok Sabha constituency|Sheohar]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tewary |first=Amarnath |date=20 April 2024 |title=As Rajput candidate, will get support in Sheohar naturally: Lovely Anand |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/lok-sabha-2024-my-husband-is-not-bahubali-but-kalambali-claims-lovely-anand/article68087552.ece |access-date=25 June 2025 |work=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* [[Nawab Singh Chauhan]], former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha MP]] from [[Aligarh Lok Sabha constituency|Aligarh]]<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Brass |first=Paul R. |date=1981 |title=Congress, the Lok Dal, and the Middle-Peasant Castes: An Analysis of the 1977 and 1980 Parliamentary Elections in Uttar Pradesh |url=https://charansingh.org/sites/default/files/Brass%2C%201981.%20Congress%2C%20Lok%20Dal%2C%20Middle%20Caste%201977-1980%20Parl%20Elections%20UP_1.pdf |journal=Pacific Affairs, University of British Columbia |volume=54 |issue=1 |pages=18}}</ref>
* [[Indra Kumari]], former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha MP]] from [[Aligarh Lok Sabha constituency|Aligarh]]<ref name=":4" />
* [[Mohar Singh Rathore]], former [[Lok Sabha MP]] from [[Churu Lok Sabha constituency|Churu]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=MLA Mohar Singh Rathore (MLA) |url=https://rajasthanlink.com/VanuDetails/churu/assembly-2/57070/mohar-singh-rathore-mla |access-date=12 March 2025 |website=Rajasthan Link |language=English}}</ref>
* [[Anand Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Anand Singh]], former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha MP]] from [[Gonda Lok Sabha constituency|Gonda]]<ref name=":4" />
* [[Bhim Singh (politician)|Bhim Singh]], former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha MP]] from [[Udhampur Lok Sabha constituency|Udhampur]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Prof. Bhim Singh Official Website |url=http://www.profbhimsingh.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=38 |access-date=1 September 2016 |publisher=Profbhimsingh.com}}</ref>
* [[Raghuvansh Prasad Singh]], former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha MP]] from [[Vaishali Lok Sabha constituency|Vaishali]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2020 |title=Brain Behind the Biggest Anti-poverty Scheme, How RJD Sidelined Raghuvansh Prasad |work=News18 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/face-behind-biggest-anti-poverty-scheme-how-rjd-sidelined-raghuvansh-prasad-amid-family-poll-game-2684857.html}}</ref>
* [[Satya Deo Singh]], former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha MP]] from [[Balrampur Lok Sabha constituency|Balrampur]] and [[Gonda Lok Sabha constituency|Gonda]]<ref name=":4" />
* [[Shiv Kumar Shastri]], former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha MP]] from [[Aligarh Lok Sabha constituency|Aligarh]]<ref name=":4" />
* [[Tan Singh]], former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha MP]] from [[Barmer Lok Sabha constituency|Barmer]]; founder of Shri Kshatriya Yuvak Sangh<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2021 |title=75 साल पहले बाड़मेर के तनसिंह ने बनाया श्री क्षत्रिय युवक संघ |url=https://www.patrika.com/barmer-news/75-years-ago-tansingh-of-barmer-formed-shri-kshatriya-yuvak-sangh-7234647/ |access-date=2 April 2022 |website=Patrika.com |language=hindi}}</ref>
* [[Ugrasen Singh]], former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha MP]] from [[Deoria Lok Sabha constituency|Deoria]]<ref name=":4" />
* [[Uma Shankar Singh (Bihar politician)|Uma Shankar Singh]], former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha MP]] from [[Maharajganj, Bihar Lok Sabha constituency|Maharajganj (Bihar)]]<ref name=":4" />

==== Rajya Sabha ====
* [[Amar Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Amar Singh]], former [[Rajya Sabha MP]] from Uttar Pradesh<ref>{{cite book |author=Chande, B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fEhXiAnWXA4C&pg=PA337 |title=Betrayal of Indian Democracy |date=1999 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers and Distributors |isbn=9788171567928 |page=337 |access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref>
* [[Gaj Singh]], former [[Rajya Sabha MP]] from Rajasthan; titular Maharaja of Jodhpur<ref>{{cite web |title=AP |url=https://newsroom.ap.org/editorial-photos-videos/detail?itemid=aa5520fc035cff7bb0f216408e0fab50&mediatype=video&source=youtube}}</ref>{{qn|date=August 2023}}

=== Others ===
* [[Devisingh Ransingh Shekhawat]], former First Gentleman of India<ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=25 July 2007 |title=Patil's husband to be occasional Rashtrapati Bhavan guest |url=https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/india/patils-husband--to-be-occasional-rashtrapati-bhavan-guest-1.191059 |access-date=19 September 2025 |website=Gulf News: Latest UAE news, Dubai news, Business, travel news, Dubai Gold rate, prayer time, cinema |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ravindra Singh Bhati]], [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]] [[Sheo Assembly constituency|Sheo]], Rajasthan<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Rai |first1=Avinash |last2=Hindi |first2=India TV |date=12 April 2024 |title='किसी पद या पार्टी के गुलाम नहीं', कौन हैं रविंद्र सिंह भाटी, जिनका नाम भर ही काफी है |url=https://www.indiatv.in/explainers/loksabha-election-2024-story-of-ravindra-singh-bhati-independent-candidate-from-barmer-jaisalmer-2024-04-12-1037933 |access-date=3 December 2025 |website=India TV Hindi |language=hi}}</ref>
* [[Rivaba Jadeja]], MLA [[Jamnagar North Assembly constituency|Jamnagar North]], minister in Gujarat<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kateshiya |first=Gopal B |date=11 March 2019 |title=Karni Sena is supportive. Your community remains your backbone: Rivaba Solanki, BJP |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/karni-sena-is-supportive-your-community-remains-your-backbone-rivaba-solanki-bjp-5619706/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622205436/https://indianexpress.com/elections/karni-sena-is-supportive-your-community-remains-your-backbone-rivaba-solanki-bjp-5619706/ |archive-date=22 June 2021 |access-date=15 September 2025 |work=The Indian Express |quote=I am a Rajput and I have faith in the sanskar and beliefs of that community.}}</ref>
* [[Pratap Singh Khachariyawas]], former MLA [[Civil Lines Assembly constituency|Civil Lines]] and minister in Rajasthan<ref>{{cite news |date=28 July 2021 |title=हटाए जाने की चर्चाओं पर परिवहन मंत्री तल्ख:खाचरियावास ने कहा- प्यार से कोई मेरी गर्दन भी ले सकता है, जबरन कुछ नहीं; रोड पर रहा हूं, रोड का आदमी हूं |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/jaipur/news/rajasthan-transport-minister-pratap-singh-khachariyawas-political-statement-128750489.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412014220/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/jaipur/news/rajasthan-transport-minister-pratap-singh-khachariyawas-political-statement-128750489.html |archive-date=12 April 2023 |access-date=13 August 2023 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |quote=खाचरियावास ने कहा, 'मुझे इस बात का गर्व है कि मैं राजपूत हूं.. |trans-quote=Khachariyawas said, "I am a Rajput"}}</ref>
* [[Sher Singh Rana]], founder of Rashtravadi Janlok Party<ref>{{cite web |date=11 June 2018 |title=Sher Singh Rana Rajput Gaurav Interview |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=brdQ65Rczvs |access-date=14 August 2023 |publisher=Rajasthan TV |via=www.youtube.com |quote=See 1:55 to 2:15}}</ref>

==Indian armed forces==
[[File:Admiral Madhvendra Singh.jpg|thumb|280x280px|[[Madhvendra Singh]], former Chief of Indian Navy]]
[[File:Bipin Rawat VCOAS.jpg|thumb|197x197px|[[Bipin Rawat]], former Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army]]
* [[Anil Chauhan|General Anil Chauhan]], current and 2nd [[Chief of Defence Staff (India)|Chief of Defence Staff]] (CDS) of the [[Indian Armed Forces]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/who-is-lt-gen-anil-chauhan-heres-everything-about-the-indias-new-chief-of-defence-staff|title=Who is Lt Gen Anil Chauhan: Here's everything about India's new Chief of Defence Staff|website=www.freepressjournal.in|date=28 September 2022}}</ref>
* [[Bipin Rawat|General Bipin Rawat]], first Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) of India and former [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|chief of Indian Army]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/top-positions-in-countrys-security-establishments-helmed-by-men-from-ukhand/articleshow/56056880.cms|title=Top positions in country's security establishments helmed by men from Uttarakhand - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=19 December 2016 |access-date=1 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221184712/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/top-positions-in-countrys-security-establishments-helmed-by-men-from-ukhand/articleshow/56056880.cms|archive-date=21 December 2016}}</ref>
* [[Rajendrasinhji Jadeja|General Rajendrasinhji Jadeja]], first [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|chief of the Indian Army]]<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sBgPAQAAIAAJ&q=General+Maharaj+Rajendrasinhji+Nawanagar |title=Gazette of India |year=1953 |page=1475 |quote=Major General M. S. Pratapsinhji; 2. Major General M. S. Himatsinhji; 3. Maharaj Shri Duleepsinhji; and 4. Lieutenant General M. S. Rajendrasinhji; members of the family of the Ruler of Nawanagar for the purposes...}}</ref>
* [[V. K. Singh|General V.K. Singh]], Indian politician and former chief of the Indian Army<ref>{{cite news|last=Kumar|first=Anuj|date=29 March 2019|title=General V.K. Singh fights a divided Opposition in U.P.'s Ghaziabad|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/general-vk-singh-fights-a-divided-opposition-in-ups-ghaziabad/article26680967.ece|access-date=29 August 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* [[Madhvendra Singh|Admiral Madhvendra Singh]], former [[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|chief of the Indian Navy]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taking navy from seas to the highest peak |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/taking-navy-from-seas-to-the-highest-peak/cid/722333 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>
* [[Hanut Singh (soldier)|Lt Gen Hanut Singh Rathore]], awarded the [[Maha Vir Chakra]] for the [[Battle of Basantar]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ansari |first=Zoyena Shams |date=15 August 2018 |title=Dehradun: 1971 Indo-Pak hero Hanut Singh's memorial sealed, triggers protest |url=https://www.theindianfeed.in/dehradun-hanut-singh-1971-indo-pak-heros-memorial-sealed-triggers-protest/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Service |first1=Tribune News |title=Lt-Gen Hanut Singh Rathore dies while in meditation : The Tribune India |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/uttarakhand/lt-gen-hanut-singh-rathore-dies-while-in-meditation/66101.html |work=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref>
* [[Nathu Singh Rathore|Lt Gen Nathu Singh Rathore]], served the Indian Army from 1947 to 1954, was offered Commander-in-Chief of army post but he declined, stating that General K. M. Cariappa was senior to him and more eligible for the post.<ref>{{cite book |last=Singh |first=V.K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cJDsk_g6tXUC&q=nathu+singh+rathore+rajput&pg=PA54 |title=Leadership in the Indian Army |date=2005 |publisher=Sage publications |isbn=9780761933229 |page=54}}</ref>
* [[Lakshman Singh Rawat|Lt Gen Lakshman Singh Rawat]], former [[Deputy Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Deputy Chief of the Army]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 December 2016 |title=General Rawat 2.0: India's New Army Chief Ready To Follow On Dad's Footsteps |url=https://www.huffpost.com/archive/in/entry/indias-new-army-chief-walks-in-the-footsteps-of-his-father-who_in_5c11f82de4b003d830eb3336 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202024954/https://www.huffpost.com/archive/in/entry/indias-new-army-chief-walks-in-the-footsteps-of-his-father-who_in_5c11f82de4b003d830eb3336 |archive-date=2 December 2024 |access-date=22 November 2025 |work=HuffPost |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Kashmir Singh Katoch|Lt Gen Kashmir Singh Katoch]], Indian general during the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948|1947 war]]<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=toheLRVgjLsC&dq=Kashmir+Singh+Katoch+rajput&pg=PA110 |title=Behind the Scene: An Analysis of India's Military Operations, 1947-1971 |publisher=Lancer Publishers |year=1993 |isbn=9781897829202}}</ref>
* [[Bikram Singh (general, born 1911)|Lt Gen Bikram Singh]], [[General officer commanding|GOC]] [[XV Corps (India)|Chinar Corps]]<ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/vayu-aerospace-and-defence/20250801/283261693950275?srsltid=AfmBOopYEkPzFJApQ_xVTJHDEV68z381fx1oJbGHg2CsHMBQf0vvMrMj |access-date=27 August 2025 |via=PressReader}}</ref>
* [[Kanwar Bahadur Singh|Lt Gen Kanwar Bahadur Singh]], served the Indian Army from 1931 to 1959<ref name=jpr />
* [[Sagat Singh|Lt Gen Sagat Singh]], awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thedailyguardian.com/the-forgotten-general-who-never-lost-a-war/|title=The forgotten general who never lost a war : ''The Daily Guardian''}}</ref>
* [[Anant Singh Pathania|Maj Gen Anant Singh Pathania]], a recipient of Maha Vir Chakra and the first Indian to receive [[Military Cross]] in the [[World War II|Second World War]].<ref name="pathania_clan">{{cite book |editor1-last=Brentnall |editor1-first=Mark |title=The Princely and Noble Families of the Former Indian Empire (Volume I: Himachal Pradesh) |year=2004 |publication-date=2004 |page=360 |publisher=Indus |isbn=81-7387-163-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefridaytimes.com/from-a-family-of-warriors-i/|title = From a Family of Warriors – I| work=The Friday Times - Naya Daur |date = April 2021}}</ref>
* [[Kanwar Zorawar Singh|Maj Gen Kanwar Zorawar Singh]], awarded the Military Cross<ref name=jpr />
* [[Chandan Singh (Air Vice Marshal)|Air Vice Marshal Chandan Singh Rathore]], awarded the Maha Vir Chakra<ref>{{cite news |date=9 May 2021 |title=Brilliant, unconventional, fearless, Group Captain Chandan Singh, seniormost IAF officer to be awarded MVC |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/features/brilliant-unconventional-fearless-250238/ |access-date=17 October 2025 |work=The Tribune}}</ref>
* [[Rajinder Singh (brigadier)|Brigadier Rajinder Singh]], popularly known as "Saviour of Kashmir" and India's first recipient of the Maha Vir Chakra.<ref>{{cite news |title=Brig Rajinder Singh among greatest Dogra warriors: MLC |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/j-k/brig-rajinder-singh-among-greatest-dogra-warriors-mlc-422351 |work=The Tribune |date=15 June 2017 |access-date=18 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=First war hero of Independent India: Brig Rajinder Singh|url=https://news.statetimes.in/first-war-hero-of-independent-india-brig-rajinder-singh/|access-date=18 September 2020|website=State Times|date=28 October 2019 |language=en-GB |last1=Times |first1=State }}</ref>
* [[Sawai Bhawani Singh|Brigadier Sawai Bhawani Singh]], awarded the Maha Vir Chakra<ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Maharaja-of-Jaipur-Bhawani-Singh-passes-away/articleshow/8005091.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606143649/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-17/jaipur/29427553_1_maharaja-city-palace-diya-kumari | url-status=live | archive-date=6 June 2012 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Maharaja of Jaipur Bhawani Singh passes away}}</ref>
* [[Brigadier Manjit Singh]], awarded Maha Vir Chakra<ref>{{cite news |date=12 January 2020 |title=Brigadier decorated for Lanka ops dies |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/brigadier-decorated-for-lanka-ops-dies-24898 |newspaper=The Tribune}}</ref>
* [[Saurabh Singh Shekhawat|Brigadier Saurabh Singh Shekhawat]], awarded the [[Kirti Chakra]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/viral-videos-trending/colonel-saurabh-singh-shekhawat-viral-video-on-religion-padmaavat-controversy-rajput-5055863/|title=VIDEO: This army officer's take on religion has gone viral for all the right reasons|date=8 February 2018}}</ref>
* [[Brijpal Singh|Col Brijpal Singh]], awarded [[Vir Chakra]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Gallantry Awards {{!}} Ministry of Defence, Government of India |url=https://www.gallantryawards.gov.in/awardee/1536 |access-date=24 October 2021 |website=www.gallantryawards.gov.in}}</ref>
* [[Govind Singh (colonel)|Col Thakur Govind Singh]], first Indian commandant of the [[President's Bodyguard (India)|President’s Bodyguard]]<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last1=Chhina |first1=Rana |url=http://archive.org/details/rightoflinepresi0000unse |title=Right of the Line : The President's Bodyguard |last2=Dinesh Khanna (photographer) |date=2015 |publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India |others=Public Resource |isbn=978-81-230-2003-7}}</ref>
* [[Karni Singh Rathore|Col Karni Singh Rathore]], awarded the Kirti Chakra<ref>{{Cite web |title=Col Karni Singh Rathore |url=https://www.gallantryawards.gov.in/awardee/3216 |website=Gallery Awards}}</ref>
* [[Megh Singh|Lt Col Megh Singh]], known for creating the [[special forces of India]], awarded Vir Chakra<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2025 |title=Colonel Megh Singh Rathore: The Father of Indian Special Forces - historified |url=https://historified.in/2025/06/03/colonel-megh-singh-rathore-the-father-of-indian-special-forces/ |access-date=30 September 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Shaitan Singh|Major Shaitan Singh]], awarded the [[Param Vir Chakra]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/know-more-about-india-s-rajput-community-18695.html|title=Know more about India's Rajput community |page=9 |date=20 November 2012|website=www.indiatvnews.com}}</ref>
* [[Gurbachan Singh Salaria|Capt Gurbachan Singh Salaria]], awarded the Param Vir Chakra<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/165526/indian-army-param-vir-chakra-soldier-congo-news/|title=#ForgottenHeroes: An Ode To The Only UN Peacekeeper Awarded The Param Vir Chakra!|first=Lekshmi Priya|last=S|date=29 November 2018|website=The Better India}}</ref>
* [[Ummed Singh Mahra|Capt Ummed Singh Mahra]], awarded the Ashok Chakra<ref>{{cite web |title=Ummed Singh Mahra |url=http://indian-martyr.in/index.php/list-post-independence/7-ummed-singh-mahra |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802133744/http://indian-martyr.in/index.php/list-post-independence/7-ummed-singh-mahra |archive-date=2 August 2016 |access-date=20 September 2015 |website=indian-martyr.in}}</ref>
* [[Kiran Shekhawat|Lt Kiran Shekhawat]], she was the first [[Indian Navy]] woman officer to be killed in the line of duty during a flight as an observer with the [[Indian Navy]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hindi.oneindia.com/news/jaipur/indian-female-officers-from-rajput-community-490773.html|title=जब राजस्थान की इन राजपूत अफसर बेटियों ने रचा इतिहास तो पूरे देश का सीना गर्व से हो गया चौड़ा|first=Vishwanath|last=Saini|date=28 January 2019|website=hindi.oneindia.com}}</ref>
* [[Piru Singh Shekhawat|Company Havildar Major Piru Singh Shekhawat]], awarded the Param Vir Chakra<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mynation.com/india-news/havaldar-piru-singh-died-bayoneting-enemy-troops-while-fatally-injured-in-indo-pakistan-war-prt10r|title=Havaldar Piru Singh: Died bayoneting enemy troops while fatally injured in Indo-Pakistan war|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd}}</ref>
* [[Jadu Nath Singh|Naik Jadu Nath Singh Rathore]], awarded the Param Vir Chakra<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NXZgxn_wORwC&q=naik+jadu+nath+singh+rajput|title=Traditions of the Indian army |last1=Pal |first1=Dharm |year=1978}} Cite: ''Naik Jadunath Singh, a Rathor Rajput, serving in 1/7 Rajput Regiment (now the 4th Battalion of the Brigade of Guards) won the Param Vir Chakra posthumously in the Jammu and Kashmir operations in 1948.''</ref>
== Politicians and lawyers of Pakistan ==
[[File:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.jpg|thumb|217x217px|[[Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto]], former President and Prime Minister of Pakistan]]
* [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]], [[List of Presidents of Pakistan|4th President]] and the [[List of Prime Ministers of Pakistan|9th Prime Minister]] of Pakistan<ref name="ancestry">{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/64265/Zulfikar-Ali-Bhutto|title=Zulfikar Ali Bhutto|date=31 March 2024 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=May 2023}}
* [[Benazir Bhutto]], elected twice as Prime Minister of Pakistan.<ref name="EB">{{cite news|title=Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9079077/Zulfikar-Ali-Bhutto|access-date=7 November 2006}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=May 2023}}
* [[Allah Bux Soomro]], former chief minister of [[Sindh]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Dictionary of National Biography|page=435|publisher=Research Wing, Indian Bibliographic Centre|year=2000|isbn=978-81-85131-15-3}}</ref>
* [[Shah Nawaz Bhutto|Sir Shah Nawaz Bhutto]], Prime Minister of the princely state [[Junagadh State|Junagarh]]<ref name="ancestry" />{{Better source needed|date=May 2023}}
* [[Rana Chander Singh]], former Federal Minister of Pakistan<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/article198019.ece|title=Umerkot's former Rajput ruler is dead|publisher=The Hindu News|access-date=14 November 2014|newspaper=The Hindu|date=6 August 2009}}</ref>
* [[Rana Hamir Singh]], former Member of Provincial Assembly of Sindh, 26th and current Rana of [[Umerkot]], [[Sindh, Pakistan]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Pakistan's Royal Rajputs, the Hindu rulers of Amarkot Estate |url=https://www.rabwah.net/pakistans-royal-rajputs-the-hindu-rulers-of-umerkot-estate/ |access-date=28 July 2022 |work=Rabwah Times |date=4 July 2018}}</ref>
* [[Rana Bhagwandas]], former [[Chief Justice of Pakistan]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/842772/rana-bhagwandas-passes-away-in-karachi/ |title=Former SC judge Rana Bhagwandas passes away in Karachi |work=The Tribune |access-date=1 September 2016}}</ref>
* [[Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas]], former Head of the [[Azad Kashmir]] government<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Surinder Kumar |last2=ul Hassan |first2=Yaqoob |last3=Behuria |first3=Ashok |title=Pakistan Occupied Kashmir - Politics, Parties and Personalities |date=2019 |publisher=Pentagon Press LLP |page=217 |url=https://idsa.in/system/files/book/pok_book-2019.pdf}}</ref>
* [[Rana Sanaullah]], former home minister of Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rana Sanaullah |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/687812/rana-sanaullah |work=Dawn |date=13 January 2012 |access-date=21 July 2024}}</ref>
* [[Humza Yousaf]], former [[First Minister of Scotland]].<ref>{{cite tweet |number=257127074630864896 |user=HumzaYousaf |title=@Suhail_Ahmad well it origin is India! I too am a Pakistani Rajput but historically your family will have been Rajput pre-partition? |date=13 October 2012 |access-date=15 August 2023}}</ref>
[[File:Humza Yousaf SNP Conference.jpg|thumb|240x240px|[[Humza Yousaf]], head of the [[Scottish government]]]]
== Pakistani armed forces ==
* Major [[Rana Shabbir Sharif]], awarded the [[Nishan-e-Haider]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.urdubiography.com/national-heroes/major-shabbir-sharif-shaheed.html|title=Major Shabbir Sharif belonged to a Rajput family|language=ur |publisher=urdubiography.com|access-date=18 September 2014}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=May 2023}}
* Pilot [[Rashid Minhas]], awarded the Nishan-e-Haider<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.samaa.tv/pakistan/20-Aug-2013/1971-war-hero-rashid-minhas-shaheed-remembered|title=1971 war hero Rashid Minhas|publisher=Samaa tv|access-date=18 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031112758/http://www.samaa.tv/pakistan/20-Aug-2013/1971-war-hero-rashid-minhas-shaheed-remembered|archive-date=31 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Major [[Raja Aziz Bhatti]], awarded the Nishan-e-Haider<ref>{{cite web|url=http://topics.onepakistan.com.pk/raja-aziz-bhatti/|title=Raja Aziz Bhatti|publisher=OnePakistan|access-date=23 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031104411/http://topics.onepakistan.com.pk/raja-aziz-bhatti/|archive-date=31 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Captain [[Raja Muhammad Sarwar]], awarded the Nishan-e-Haider<ref>{{cite news |last1=Agha |first1=Saira |date=4 September 2015 |title=legends : Captain Muhammad Sarwar |url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/98739/legends-captain-muhammad-sarwar |work=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]] |access-date=10 February 2025}}</ref>
* [[Tikka Khan|General Tikka Khan]], former Chief of the Pakistan Army<ref name="Springer, Burki">{{cite book |last1=Burki |first1=Shahid Javed |author-link=Shahid Javed Burki |title=Pakistan Under Bhutto, 1971–1977 |date=November 1988 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LX6xCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA207 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-349-19529-9 |access-date=19 August 2016}}</ref>
* [[Raja Sakhi Daler Khan]], fought for Pakistan in the 1947 Indo-Pakistan war.<ref>[https://www.morebooks.de/store/fr/book/raja-sakhi-daler-khan/isbn/978-613-3-09487-1 Raja Sakhi Daler Khan]</ref>

==Film, television and entertainment==
[[File:Sushant Singh Rajput snapped at the promotions of 'M.S. Dhoni - The Untold Story' (cropped).jpg|thumb|211x211px|[[Sushant Singh Rajput]]]]
[[File:Preity Zinta at an event for ISHKQ IN PARIS.jpg|thumb|247x247px|[[Preity Zinta]]]]
[[File:Vidhyut & Arhaan at the launch of 'Big RTL Thrill' channel.jpg|thumb|271x271px|[[Vidyut Jammwal]]]]
* [[Sonarika Bhadoria]], Indian TV actress<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wadhwa |first1=Akash |title=I am the only Parvati for Mahadev: Sonarika - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/I-am-the-only-Parvati-for-Mahadev-Sonarika/articleshow/20872169.cms |access-date=9 June 2019 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=2 July 2013 }}</ref>
* [[Jaspal Bhatti]], Indian film and TV actor<ref>{{cite news |title=Jaspal Singh Bhatti Death Anniversary: Lesser-known and interesting facts about the King of Comedy |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/bollywood/jaspal-singh-bhatti-death-anniversary-lesser-known-and-interesting-facts-about-the-king-of-comedy |access-date=28 July 2022 |work=Free Press Journal |date=24 October 2021}}</ref>
* [[Sonal Chauhan]], Indian film actress and model<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 August 2014 |title=When Sonal Chauhan felt like Rajput princess |url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/glamtalk/when-sonal-chauhan-felt-like-rajput-princess_160480.html |access-date=3 August 2020 |work=Zee News |archive-date=28 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228180242/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/glamtalk/when-sonal-chauhan-felt-like-rajput-princess_160480.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Vidyut Jammwal]], Indian actor<ref name="Vidyut">{{cite news |title=At 11, I had done martial art shows in 30 countries: Vidyut |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/at-11-i-had-done-martial-art-shows-in-30-countries-vidyut/articleshow/19030832.cms |work=The Times of India |date=15 January 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221119172858/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/at-11-i-had-done-martial-art-shows-in-30-countries-vidyut/articleshow/19030832.cms |archive-date=19 November 2022 |quote=I am a Rajput but my dad was in the army and was born in Kanpur.}}</ref>
* [[Anurag Kashyap]], Indian filmmaker<ref name="Talwar">{{cite news |last=Talwar |first=Puja |title='Draft' History Like Constitution: Anurag Kashyap's Dig On Padmavat Row |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/draft-history-like-constitution-anurag-kashyaps-dig-on-padmavati-row-1798489 |work=[[NDTV]] |date=10 January 2018 |access-date=4 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109023124/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/draft-history-like-constitution-anurag-kashyaps-dig-on-padmavati-row-1798489 |archive-date=9 November 2020 |url-status=live |quote="I am a Rajput. ... ," he said today.}}</ref>
* [[Sara Loren]], Pakistani actress<ref>{{Cite web |title=I am a 'Rajput', I go to temple too: Sara Loren |url=https://santabanta.com/bollywood/65064/i-am-a-rajput-i-go-to-temple-too-sara-loren/ |website=santabanta.com |date=19 March 2013 |access-date=25 June 2025 }}</ref>
* [[Nakuul Mehta]], Indian TV actor<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sinha |first=Seema |date=2013-05-31 |title=It's genetic for me to not be flashy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/home-garden/its-genetic-for-me-to-not-be-flashy/articleshow/20362198.cms |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |access-date=2025-12-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KIzqpJ7E3sM |title=Nakul Mehta's Royal Look |work=Saas Bahu Aur Betiyaan |date=2017-03-12 |access-date=2025-12-24 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
* [[Kashmira Pardeshi]], Indian actress<ref>{{Cite web |title=I have a performance-centric role in Vinaro Bhagyamu Vishnu Katha: Kashmira Pardeshi |url=https://www.ragalahari.com/celebrity-interview/2058/i-have-a-performance-centric-role-in-vinaro-bhagyamu-vishnu-katha-kashmira-pardeshi |access-date=30 October 2025 |website=www.ragalahari.com |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Navni Parihar]], Indian TV actress<ref>{{cite news |last=Yadav |first=Ekta |date=20 June 2013 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/things-have-changed-drastically-in-tv-industry-navni-parihar/articleshow/20665454.cms |title=Things have changed drastically in TV industry: Navni Parihar |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=4 August 2023}}</ref>
* [[Disha Patani]], Indian actress<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Madhureeta |title=Disha Patani: The only time I'm not shy is when I'm facing the camera |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Disha-Patani-The-only-time-Im-not-shy-is-when-Im-facing-the-camera/articleshow/53569765.cms |access-date=19 January 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=23 January 2017}}</ref>
* [[Sushant Singh Rajput]], former Indian TV and film actor<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ramashankar |title=Caste factor turns Sushant Singh Rajput death into emotive issue ahead of Bihar assembly polls |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/caste-factor-turns-sushant-death-into-emotive-issue-ahead-of-assembly-polls/articleshow/77357958.cms |access-date=22 September 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=5 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Kangana Ranaut]], Indian film actress<ref>{{cite news |last1=Goyal |first1=Divya |title=Kangana Ranaut To Karni Sena On Manikarnika Row: I'm Rajput, Will Destroy You |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kangana-ranaut-to-karni-sena-on-manikarnika-row-im-rajput-will-destroy-you-1979536 |access-date=9 June 2019 |work=NDTV.com |date=18 January 2019}}</ref>
* [[Roopkumar Rathod]], Indian playback singer<ref>{{Cite news |last=Patel |first=Ano |date=26 November 2014 |title=Roopkumar Rathod: Honey Singh's kind of music has a short shelf life |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/roopkumar-rathod-honey-singhs-kind-of-music-has-a-short-shelf-life/articleshow/45280522.cms |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |access-date=25 June 2025}}</ref>
* [[Urvashi Rautela]], Indian film actress<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bollywoodtoday.in/manushi-chillar-and-urvashi-rautela-reacts-to-swara-bhaskars-open-letter/ |title=Manushi Chillar And Urvashi Rautela Reacts To Swara Bhaskar's Open Letter |work=Bollywoodtoday |date=29 January 2018 |access-date=4 August 2023 |quote=I am a Rajput myself, I respect Rani Padmini and I really don't want to comment much on the film as I haven't seen it. But all I can say that trolling is such a common thing, it happens to everyone. During Filmfare it happened with me |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525032345/https://bollywoodtoday.in/manushi-chillar-and-urvashi-rautela-reacts-to-swara-bhaskars-open-letter/ |archive-date=25 May 2019}}</ref>
* [[Kratika Sengar]], Indian TV actress<ref>{{Cite news |title=Blazing blade, flashing eyes |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/blazing-blade-flashing-eyes/cid/402658 |work=The Telegraph |date=18 April 2011 |access-date=15 September 2025 |quote=I am a Rajput. Valour is in my blood.}}</ref>
* [[Abhimanyu Singh]], Indian actor<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3kn-DV6cAHc&t=180s |title=Anurag Kashyap ने Gulaal में रणसा बने Abhimanyu Singh से बात करना क्यों बंद कर दिया था? |date=19 May 2023 |last=Lallantop Cinema |access-date=22 September 2025 |quote="ऑब्वियस्ली मैं राजपूत हूं, बिहार का" |trans-quote="Obviously I am a Rajput, from Bihar" |via=YouTube}}</ref>
* [[Chaya Singh]], Indian actress<ref>{{cite news |last1=Prabhakaran |first1=Mahalakshmi |title=A new year by any other name |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-a-new-year-by-any-other-name-1666512 |access-date=29 March 2020 |work=DNA India |date=23 March 2012 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Mohena Singh]], Indian TV actress and member of [[Rewa State|Rewa]] royal family<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jain |first1=Sanya |title=Actress Mohena Kumari Singh Shuts Down Troll Who Questioned Her Veil In Wedding Pic |url=https://www.ndtv.com/offbeat/actress-mohena-kumari-singh-shuts-down-troll-who-questioned-her-veil-in-wedding-pic-2158074 |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=NDTV |date=3 January 2020}}</ref>
* [[Rituraj Singh (actor)|Rituraj Singh]], Indian TV actor<ref>{{cite web |title=What's in a name? |url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/gossip/whats-name |access-date=4 August 2023 |work=Tellychakkar.com |date=4 October 2006 |quote=My original full name is Kunwar Rituraj Singh Chandrawat Sisodia and I am a Rajput }}</ref>
* [[D. Shankar Singh]], Indian filmmaker<ref>{{Cite web |last=G |first=Mahalakshmi |title=Warriors from Rajputana came, saw and stayed on |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report-warriors-from-rajputana-came-saw-and-stayed-on-1381257 |access-date=3 December 2025 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Thakur Anoop Singh]], Indian film and TV actor<ref>{{cite news|title=Thakur Anoop Singh talks about his association with Sunil Kumar Desai|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/a-hero-can-land-a-loaded-punch/articleshow/68415745.cms|work=Bangalore Mirror|date=15 March 2019|access-date=22 September 2020}}</ref>
* [[Vishakha Singh]], Indian film actress<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://planetbollywood.com/displayArticle.php?id=s061008051523|title=Â´I Am A MaverickÂ´ - Vishakha Singh - Planet Bollywood Features|website=planetbollywood.com|access-date=4 August 2023}}</ref>
* [[Sakshi Tanwar]], Indian actress<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hrs-_lJBlpY |title=Sakshi Tanwar: I am a Rajput, have faith in institution of marriage, nothing like two people in love |date=12 November 2022 |last=WildFilmsIndia |access-date=18 September 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
* [[Preity Zinta]], Indian film actress<ref>{{cite news |title=Preity Zinta rubbishes claims of her 'British ancestry'! |url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/preity-zinta-rubbishes-claims-of-her-british-ancestry_22242.html |access-date=9 June 2019 |work=Zee News |date=2 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211123543/https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/preity-zinta-rubbishes-claims-of-her-british-ancestry_22242.html |archive-date=11 December 2014}}</ref>

== Arts, literature, and poetry ==

* [[Anuja Chauhan]], author and screenwriter.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gautam |first1=Nishtha |date=2 February 2018 |title=It's a Typical Rajput Situation, Says Anuja Chauhan on 'Padmaavat' |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/indian-cinema/anuja-chauhan-on-padmaavat |access-date=3 August 2023 |work=TheQuint |language=en |quote=At 3:08 - 'I am a Rajput woman, I have a sister called Padmini'}}</ref>
* [[Subhadra Kumari Chauhan]], poet, famous for [[Jhansi Ki Rani (poem)|''Jhansi Ki Rani'']]<ref>{{Cite web |title=सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान: कौन हैं भारत की पहली महिला सत्याग्रही, जिनके लिए गूगल ने समर्पित किया डूडल |url=https://www.amarujala.com/education/who-is-subhadra-kumari-chauhan-why-google-released-a-doodle-to-honour-her-life |access-date=16 December 2023 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>
* [[Lakshmi Kumari Chundawat]], [[Rajasthani literature]] author<ref>{{Cite web |title=From Purdah To The People- Memoirs Of Padma Shri Rani Laxmi Kumari Chundawat {{!}} Exotic India Art |url=https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/from-purdah-to-people-memoirs-of-padma-shri-rani-laxmi-kumari-chundawat-ncz144/ |access-date=2026-02-22 |website=www.exoticindiaart.com |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Govardhan Kumari]], dancer, popularised [[Ghoomar]] and [[Chari Dance]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us – Gangaur Ghoomar Dance Academy |url=https://gangaurghoomar.org/about-us/ |access-date=6 December 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Kripal Singh Shekhawat]], [[Master craftsman|craftsman]] and [[ceramist]], famous for [[Blue Pottery of Jaipur]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kripal: The Art of Kripal Singh Shekhawat |url=https://dagworld.com/kripal-the-art-of-kripal-singh-shekhawat.html |access-date=6 December 2025 |website=dagworld.com |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Jaideva Singh]], musicologist and scholar of [[Kashmir Saivism]], awarded Padma Bhushan<ref>{{Cite web |title=Siva Sutras |url=https://www.bhagavadgitausa.com/The_Siva_Sutras.htm |access-date=6 December 2025 |website=www.bhagavadgitausa.com |quote="Jaideva being a meat eater as normal for his Rajput caste, became a vegetarian"}}</ref>
* [[Kedarnath Singh]], poet, [[Jnanpith Award]] and [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] awardee<ref>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Kedarnath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fnKPon0goOUC&dq=%22%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%22&pg=PA163 |title=Mera Sakshatkar |date=June 2003 |publisher=Kitabghar Prakashan |isbn=9788170165361 |ref=9788170165361, 8170165369 |access-date=18 May 2023}}</ref>

==Academics and scientists==
* [[Hari Singh Gour]], educationist, first [[List of vice-chancellors of the University of Delhi|vice-chancellor of the University of Delhi]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Buckland |first=Charles Edward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ukkDAAAAYAAJ&dq=Hari+Singh+Gour+rajput&pg=PA173 |title=Dictionary of Indian Biography |date=1906 |publisher=Sonnenschein |isbn=978-0-7222-2504-2 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Fateh Singh of Alirajpur|Fateh Singh]], fellow of the [[Royal Geographical Society]].<ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last=Not Available |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35875/ |title=Leading Famlies And Officials In The States Of Central India |year=1935 |pages=162}}</ref>
* [[Rajendra Singh (RSS)|Rajendra Singh Tomar]], author, physics professor at the [[University of Allahabad]], later on became a grand member of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|RSS]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 July 2003|title=Rajendra Singh|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/rajendra-singh-36818.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611161928/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/rajendra-singh-36818.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 June 2021|access-date=7 August 2020|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref>

== Judges, lawyers, and civil servants ==
* [[Nana Chudasama]], Indian jurist, mayor, and sheriff of [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khullar |first=Darshan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3QmqCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA106 |title=Pakistan Our Difficult Neighbour and India's Islamic Dimensions |date=30 September 2014 |publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-93-82652-82-3 |location= |pages= |language=en |quote=Former Sheriff of Mumbai, Nana Chudasama, a Hindu Gujarati Rajput married Muraina Jasdanvala.}}</ref>
* [[Fateh Singh Rathore]], [[Indian Forest Service]] officer known for [[Tiger conservation]] and [[Ranthambore National Park]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=WWF Lifetime Conservation Award to Shri Fateh Singh Rathore |url=https://www.wwfindia.org/?5560/WWF-Lifetime-Conservation-Award-to-Shri-Fateh-Singh-Rathore |access-date=30 September 2025 |website=www.wwfindia.org |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Kamal Narain Singh]], 22nd [[Chief Justice of India]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Biography of a Legend |url=https://www.boloji.com/articles/53592/a-biography-of-a-legend |access-date=22 November 2025 |website=www.boloji.com}}</ref>
* [[Nagendra Singh]], 14th [[President of the International Court of Justice]], 4th [[Chief Election Commissioner of India]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Legends of Rajathan |url=https://foundation.rajasthan.gov.in/LegendsOfRajathan.aspx |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>
* [[Inder Singh (politician)|Inder Singh]], [[Indian Police Service]] officer, former [[Inspector-general of police#India|Inspector-general]] in Himachal Pradesh<ref name=":32">{{Cite book |last=Brentnall |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ayYbAvECXQwC&dq=jaswan+inder+singh&pg=PA34 |title=The Princely and Noble Families of the Former Indian Empire: Himachal Pradesh |date=2004 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-163-4 |pages=34 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha]], 6th Chief Justice of India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Reminiscences and Reflections of a Chief Justice |url=https://files.catbox.moe/46816w.pdf#page=2}}</ref>

== Activists and social workers ==
* [[Kailash Sankhala]], [[Natural history|biologist]] and [[Tiger conservation|tiger conservationist]], known as 'Tiger Man of India'<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Singh |first=Tejbir |date=2013-01-03 |title='Once the lords of the forest, tigers are now prey to poachers' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19920815-once-the-lords-of-the-forest-tigers-are-now-prey-to-poachers-766735-2013-01-03 |magazine=India Today |access-date=2025-12-24}}</ref>
* [[Kamalendumati Shah]], women's rights social worker, awarded Padma Bhushan<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=25 March 2019 |title=A royal family's political hold on Tehri Lok Sabha seat |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/state/uttarakhand/a-royal-familys-political-hold-on-tehri-lok-sabha-seat-1/na20190325165807611 |access-date=6 December 2025 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Abha Singh]], [[Bombay High Court]] lawyer, women's rights and [[gender equality]] activist<ref>{{Cite news |title=Padmaavat: To understand Rajput pride and valour, one must watch the film, says senior lawyer Abha Singh |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/padmaavat-to-understand-rajput-pride-and-valour-one-must-watch-the-film-says-senior-lawyer-abha-singh-4313729.html |work=Firstposts |date=22 January 2018 |access-date=15 September 2025 |quote=I am a lawyer and former bureaucrat and I am a Rajput by birth.}}</ref>
* [[Martand Singh]], [[white tiger]] conservationist and creator of the [[Bandhavgarh National Park]]<ref name="Last Maharaja of Rewa">{{cite web |date=2016 |title=Last Maharaja of Rewa |url=http://www.rewacity.in/2010/09/last-maharaja-of-rewa-maharajadhiraja.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616214042/http://www.rewacity.in/2010/09/last-maharaja-of-rewa-maharajadhiraja.html |archive-date=16 June 2016 |access-date=9 May 2016 |publisher=The Rewa City Info}}</ref>

== Business ==
* [[Arvind Singh Mewar]], former chairman and managing director of [[HRH Group of Hotels]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Maharana Pratap's Descendant, Royal Family Member Arvind Singh Mewar Dies |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/maharana-prataps-descendant-royal-family-member-arvind-singh-mewar-dies-7934593 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250428143745/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/maharana-prataps-descendant-royal-family-member-arvind-singh-mewar-dies-7934593 |archive-date=28 April 2025 |work=NDTV |agency=PTI |date=16 March 2025 |access-date=12 November 2025}}</ref>

==Sports==
{{gallery|mode=nolines
|File:MS Dhoni 2.jpg|Former Indian cricketer [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]]
|File:Ranjitsinhji c1905.jpg|[[Ranjitsinhji]], the Maharaja of [[Nawanagar State|Nawanagar]], known as the "Father of Indian Cricket"
|File:Dhyan Chand with the ball vs. France in the 1936 Olympic semi-finals.jpg|[[Dhyan Chand]], widely regarded as the greatest field hockey player in history
}}

===Athletics===
* [[Milkha Singh]], former Indian [[Sprint (running)|sprinter]], former [[400 metres|400m]] NR holder<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sify.com/sports/exclusive-interview-milkha-singh--the-making-of-a-legend-imagegallery-others-nhmmDTdfeaa.html |title=Milkha Singh - The making of a legend |website=[[Sify]] |date=12 July 2013 |access-date=18 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113110248/http://www.sify.com/sports/exclusive-interview-milkha-singh--the-making-of-a-legend-imagegallery-others-nhmmDTdfeaa.html |archive-date=13 January 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Hari Chand]], former Indian [[Long-distance running|long-distance runner]], former [[10,000 metres|10,000m]] NR holder<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sethi |first=H. S. |date=30 June 1975 |title=The Crapler |url=https://crpf.gov.in/writereaddata/images/pdf/521062020.pdf |journal=The Central Reserve Police News Letter & Magazine |volume=4}}</ref>
* [[Paan Singh Tomar]], former [[Steeplechase (athletics)|steeplechase]] runner, former NR holder, soldier and outlaw<ref>{{cite news |last1=Imtiaz |first1=Md |title=Irrfan Khan, the man who reminded us of Paan Singh Tomar's glory |url=https://thebridge.in/athletics/irrfan-khan-man-who-reminded-us-paan-singh-tomar-glory/?infinitescroll=1 |access-date=28 July 2022 |work=The Bridge |date=29 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

===Cricket===
* [[Kumar Shri Ranjitsinhji]], former Indian test cricketer and Maharaja of [[Nawanagar State|Nawanagar]]. The [[Ranji Trophy]] is named after him.<ref>{{cite book |last = Wilde |first = Simon |title = Ranji. The Strange Genius of Ranjitsinhji |publisher = Aurum Press |year = 1999 |location= London |pages=194–195 |isbn = 1-84513-069-3}}</ref>
* [[Duleepsinhji]], former Indian test cricketer. The [[Duleep Trophy]] is named after him.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Haggis |first1=Jane |last2=Midgley |first2=Clare |last3=Allen |first3=Margaret |last4=Paisley |first4=Fiona |title=Cosmopolitan Lives on the Cusp of Empire: Interfaith, Cross-Cultural and Transnational Networks, 1860-1950 |date=23 May 2017 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-52748-2 |page=81 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DiclDwAAQBAJ&dq=Kumar+Shri+Duleepsinhji+rajput&pg=PA81 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Raj Singh Dungarpur]], former Indian cricketer and administrator<ref>{{Cite news |last=Massey |first=Reginald |date=21 September 2009 |title=Raj Singh Dungarpur obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2009/sep/21/raj-singh-dungarput-obituary |work=The Guardian |issn=0261-3077 |access-date=13 June 2025}}</ref>
* [[Hanumant Singh]], former Indian cricketer<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mukherji |first1=Raju |date=11 December 2006 |title=Cricket's Charming Prince |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/opinion/cricket-s-charming-prince/cid/1024356 |work=The Telegraph |access-date=14 June 2025}}</ref>
* [[Chetan Chauhan]], former Indian cricketer<ref>{{cite news|last=Lokapally|first=Vijay|title=Chetan Chauhan, the batsman who knew no fear|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/chetan-chauhan-tribute-india-madan-lal-sunil-gavaskar-kapil-dev-bishan-bedi-north-zone-delhi-1981-melbourne/article32369227.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823033916/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/chetan-chauhan-tribute-india-madan-lal-sunil-gavaskar-kapil-dev-bishan-bedi-north-zone-delhi-1981-melbourne/article32369227.ece|archive-date=23 August 2020|access-date=23 September 2020|work=Sportstar|language=en|date=16 August 2020}}</ref>
* [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]], former Indian cricketer and captain of India across all formats<ref>{{cite news |title=Interview - M. S. Dhoni |first=S. |last=Dinakar |url=http://www.tssonnet.com/tss2849/stories/20051203001202300.htm |work=Sportstar |publisher=The Hindu |volume=28 |issue=49 |date=9 December 2005 |access-date=30 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220163914/http://www.tssonnet.com/tss2849/stories/20051203001202300.htm |archive-date=20 February 2012 |url-status=usurped }}</ref>
* [[Ravindra Jadeja]], Indian cricketer<ref>{{cite news |last1=Goyal |first1=Samarth |last2=Magoo |first2=Sahil |title=Too mooch this Movember |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/too-mooch-this-movember/story-eMi9WkMpvuE69ENUB1WBBO.html |access-date=19 January 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=15 November 2013 |language=en}}</ref>

===Hockey===
* [[Dhyan Chand]], former Indian [[field hockey]] captain<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fq1wdzqhu6kC&pg=PA245 |page=245 |title=Indian Champions: Profiles Of Famous Indian Sportspersons |isbn=978-8170288527 |last1=Garg |first1=Chitra |year=2010|publisher=Rajpal & Sons }}</ref>
* [[Roop Singh]], former Indian [[field hockey]] player<ref>{{cite web |url=https://olympics.com/en/athletes/roop-singh-bais |title=Roop Singh Bais}}</ref>

=== Polo and equestrian ===

* [[Vijayasinhji Chhatrasinhji]], winner of the first [[Indian Derby|Indian derby]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=BOMBAY PRINCE, 61, IS DEAD IN ENGLAND; Maharajah of Rajpipla, Ruler of 206,000, Owned Windsor Lad, 1934 Derby Winner Was Noted Polo Player Visited U.S. in 1926 |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1951/04/30/87044856.html |access-date=5 December 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
* [[Kishen Singh]], awarded [[Arjuna Award]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Golden Age |url=https://www.jodhpurpolo.com/jodhpur-polo-golden-age |access-date=5 December 2025 |website=Jodhpur Polo |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Maharaj Prem Singh|Prem Singh]], first polo player to be awarded [[Arjuna Award]]<ref name=":03">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PwiDAAAAMAAJ |title=Polo in India: A Tribute to Maharaj Prem Singh |date=2000 |publisher=Lustre Press |isbn=978-81-7436-093-9 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[V. P. Singh (brigadier)|Brigadier V. P. Singh]], highest Indian handicap of +7 goals<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Thelen |first=Elizabeth |title=Riding Through Change, History, Horses, and the Restructuring of Tradition in Rajasthan |date=June 2006 |publisher=University of Washington |url=https://digital.lib.washington.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/fbb5dbfd-df6d-42a7-a703-f8761856318e/content}}</ref>

===Shooting and hunting===
[[File:Maharajah Ramanuj Pratap Singh Deo with cheetah kill 1948 BNHS.jpg|thumb|The last documented Asiatic cheetahs in India, three males from the same litter, were shot in 1948—while they were sitting together at night—by Maharajah Ramanuj Pratap Singh Deo of [[Surguja State]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], who poses behind them with his rifle. His private secretary submitted this photo to the [[Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society]].|250x250px]]
* [[Karni Singh]], former Indian shooter, last Maharaja of [[Bikaner State|Bikaner]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=siooAAAAMAAJ&q=contested+against+as+formidable+a+Rajput+candidate+as+the+Maharaja+of+Bikaner,+Karni+Singh. Economic and Political Weekly - Volume 6, Part 3 - Page 1318] Quote: "The former represented an instrument for the restoration of not merely Rajput domination but also Jat pride while the latter contested against as formidable a Rajput candidate as the Maharaja of Bikaner, Karni Singh."</ref>
* [[Ramanuj Pratap Singh Deo]], former hunter and last ruler of [[Korea State|Korea state]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Will the Kuno Cheetah can die like Gujarat?|url=https://allgujaratnews.in/en/will-the-kuno-cheetah-can-die-like-gujarat/|date=20 September 2022|website=All Gujarat News|author=Dilip Patel}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Report on the Administration of the Feudatory States of the Central Provinces|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oIo-AQAAMAAJ&q=Ramanuj+Pratap+Singh+Deo+rajput|year=1922 | last1=(India) | first1=Central Provinces }}</ref>

===Boxing===
* [[Amir Khan (boxer)|Amir Khan]], former World Champion<ref>Davies, Gareth A (2 December 2011) [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/boxing/8928423/Im-never-scared-its-in-the-blood-Amir-Khan-interview.html "'I'm never scared, it's in the blood': Amir Khan interview"]. ''Telegraph.co.uk''.</ref>

===Wrestling===
* [[Dalip Singh Rana]] (popularly known as [[The Great Khali]]), WWE wrestler<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hpaxh3bStSQ|title=Khali says i am rajput 🔥|date=9 March 2019 |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref>

==Criminals==
* [[Man Singh (dacoit)|Man Singh]], the leader of Indian dacoits and a Robin Hood figure from [[Chambal division|Chambal]] region of India.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hansen |first1=Kathryn |title=Grounds for Play: The Nautanki Theatre of North India |date=13 December 1991 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-91088-1 |pages=140–141 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=INEnJvlv6JsC&dq=daku+man+singh+rajput&pg=PA140 |language=en}}</ref> Between 1939 and 1955, he is credited with 1,112 robberies and 185 murders, including the killing of 32 police officers.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/dec/23/a-village-which-revers-daku-man-singh-as-god-in-a-temple-1915216.html| title = A village which revers Daku Man Singh as God in a temple- The New Indian Express| date = 23 December 2018}}</ref>
* [[Anandpal Singh]], a most-wanted gangster with a reward of ₹10 lakh on his head, accused of multiple murders as well as extortion.<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 July 2017|title=Who is Anandpal Singh and why Rajputs in Rajasthan erupted in anger at his killing?|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/who-is-anandpal-singh-and-why-rajputs-in-rajasthan-erupted-in-anger-at-his-killing/story-YPpyFhIUSPzE3XEtMBsYGJ.html|access-date=6 October 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{notelist}}
{{reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajputs}}
[[Category:Lists of Indian people by community|Rajput]]
[[Category:Lists of Pakistani people]]
[[Category:Rajputs|*]]

Gella-Chutt

2026-02-14T23:33:34Z

Digitalcreator:

{{distinguish|Gollachut}}
'''Gella-Chutt''' (transl. "the king ran away") is a [[Traditional games of India|traditional Indian game]] from [[Tripura]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The lesser known Indian sports |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/sports/sport-index/the-lesser-known-indian-sports/ar-BBvBqcw |access-date=2023-10-18 |website=MSN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Britannica |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-xzljvnQ1vAC&pg=PA109 |title=Student Britannica India 7 Vols |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-0-85229-762-9 |language=en}}</ref> In the game, one team has a king stationed in a "prison", which is at a distance from the "home" area. The goal of the king is to reach home with the help of his teammates ("guards") without being tagged by the opponents.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Satyam |first1=Amitabh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AflmEAAAQBAJ |title=The Games India Plays: Indian Sports Simplified |last2=Goswami |first2=Sangeeta |date=2022-04-18 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-93-5435-256-0 |language=en}}</ref>

== Variants ==
A similar [[Bengalis|Bengali]] game exists known as "[[Bouchi]]", in which the king and guards are instead referred to as the "bride" and "bride-snatchers". The bride-snatchers are allowed to tag and eliminate the opponents before the bride starts running towards the home, provided that they hold their breaths once they leave the home; a bride-snatcher who fails to hold their breath can themselves be tagged out by an opponent.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nasim |first=Md Abu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HHspEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT41 |title=Stadiums in Calcutta: A New Genre of Sports Culture |date=2021-04-17 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-63806-579-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Traditional Games of Bangladesh |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000373435/PDF/373435eng.pdf.multi |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=unesdoc.unesco.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Long lost childhood games in Bangaldesh |url=https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/public/views/long-lost-childhood-games-in-bangaldesh-1620989257 |access-date=2022-11-16 |work=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref>

In Hindi, a similar game is known as ''[[budhiya kabaddi]]'', with the king considered to be an old lady.<ref name=":19">{{Cite book |last=Murari |first=Dr Mayank |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IRiKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT21 |title=Jharkhand Ke Anjane Khel: Bestseller Book by Dr. Mayank Murari: Jharkhand Ke Anjane Khel |date=2021-01-01 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |isbn=978-93-86870-65-0 |language=hi}}</ref> Another name for the game is ''Sita Udhar'', which references the scene from the [[Ramayana]] where Sita is saved from the demons of Lanka.<ref name=":0" />

The Western equivalent to Gella-Chutt is [[Darebase|prisoner's base]].<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Traditional sports of India]]

Agaramthen

2026-02-09T16:44:17Z

Digitalcreator: Done

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Agaramthen
| native_name =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kancheepuram district|Kancheepuram]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 3.8219
| population_total = 4172
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 600073
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
}}

'''Agaramthen''' is a village located in the [[Tambaram]], [[Chennai]] taluka of [[Kancheepuram district]] in the Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. This village is under the administrative control of the Thiruvencheri gram panchayat.<ref name="vill">{{cite web|url=https://vill.co.in/tamil-nadu/kancheepuram/tambaram-604057030/agaramthen-057036293660/|title= Agaramthen Village|access-date=June 18, 2023}}</ref><ref name="census">{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/629366-agaramthen-tamil-nadu.html|title=Agaramthen Population - Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu|publisher=Census 2011|access-date=June 18, 2023}}</ref>

== Demographics ==

In 2011, Agaramthen had a population of 4,172, being 2,064 males and 2,108 females. The literacy rate was 74.23%, with 77.66% of males and 70.87% of females being literate. The village comprised approximately 1,059 households.<ref name="vill"/><ref name="census"/>

== Economy ==

The village's primary economic activities are closely tied to the nearest town, [[Chennai]] [[Tambaram]], which is approximately nine kilometers away.<ref name="vill"/><ref name="census"/>

== Land disputes ==

In recent years, Agaramthen has been at the center of a controversy related to land grabbing. Land that was part of a lake in Agaramthen was allotted to two people in the 1990s. This issue came to light when the owner of one of these properties had a boundary dispute, leading revenue officials to scrutinize the land records. They found out that the land was assigned by the government in 1991 and 1997, and belonged to the Periya Eri Lake in Agaramthen. After a probe, the officials cancelled the pattas (land ownership documents) for both land parcels, and the landowners are set to lose their properties. As a result, steps have been initiated to recover the land.<ref name="newindianexpress">{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2021/oct/19/unnoticed-for-30-years-grabbing-of-agaramthen-lake-land-comes-to-light-2372978.html|title=Unnoticed for 30 years, grabbing of Agaramthen lake land comes to light
|publisher=The New Indian Express
|access-date=June 18, 2023}}</ref>

== References ==

<references />

[[Category:Villages in Kanchipuram district]]

Smt. Vinatadevi Tope Social Service League

2026-01-31T04:21:58Z

Digitalcreator: made new bio v1

{{refimprove|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox organization
|logo = SSL Logo.png
|logo_size = 200px
|name = Smt. Vinatadevi Tope Social Service League
|established = 1966
|founder = Dr. [[Trimbak Krishna Tope]]
|type = [[Student organization]] at [[Government Law College, Mumbai]]
|website = http://sslglc.com
}}

'''Smt. Vinatadevi Tope Social Service League''' (also known as '''SSL''' or '''the League''') is one of the oldest and most prestigious student committees of [[Government Law College, Mumbai]]. The league was established in 1966 by then Principal Dr. [[Trimbak Krishna Tope]] in the fond memory of his late wife, '''Smt. Vinatieri Tope'''. The league celebrated its semicentennial anniversary in the academic year 2015-16.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mu.ac.in/law/cenetary.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-01-02 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224154651/http://www.mu.ac.in/law/cenetary.pdf |archivedate=2015-02-24 }}</ref>

The league undertakes various projects for the welfare of society as a whole. This is achieved by tie-ups with the government as well as non-profit organizations. Some of the major events organized by SSL include: '''Udaan''' - An Inter NGO Competition for Children; '''Shikhar''' - An Exhibition cum Charity Sale; and '''Vivechan''' - A Socio-Legal Essay Writing Competition.<ref>[http://www.lawctopus.com/2nd-national-socio-legal-essay-competition-vivechan-2015-submit-sep-24 "UPDATED RESULTS: GLC Mumbai’s 2nd National Socio-Legal Essay Competition ‘Vivechan 2015‘: Submit by Sep 24"]
''Lawctopus''.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.zomato.com/events/mumbai/shikhar-exhibition-cum-sale-100010671 |title=Shikhar - Exhibition cum Sale at Government Law College, Mumbai | Zomato Events |accessdate=2015-02-24 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301222944/http://www.zomato.com/events/mumbai/shikhar-exhibition-cum-sale-100010671 |archivedate=2012-03-01 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.glcmag.com/UploadFiles/Event//22/MeLAWnge%202013-14.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702182220/http://www.glcmag.com/UploadFiles/Event//22/MeLAWnge%202013-14.pdf |archive-date=2015-07-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.lawentrance.com/glc.htm "GLC (Government Law College), Mumbai"] LawEntrance.com.</ref><ref>[https://www.lawctopus.com/call-submissions-vivechan-glc-mumbais-socio-legal-essay-writing-competition/ "Call for Submissions: Vivechan- GLC Mumbai’s Socio-Legal Essay Writing Competition; Submit by Jan 31"] ''Lawctopus''.</ref><ref>https://www.facebook.com/events/157288134458857/ {{User-generated source|certain=yes|date=March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://glcmumbai.com/glc-students-section/government-law-college-student-section.aspx |title=Government Law College - Bachelors Law Degree Courses in Mumbai |accessdate=2014-11-27 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204210955/http://glcmumbai.com/glc-students-section/government-law-college-student-section.aspx |archivedate=2014-12-04 }}</ref>

==Origins and Founding==
[[File:Dr. Trimbak Krishna Tope.PNG|thumb|Principal '''Dr. Trimbak Krishna Tope''' was the founder and first President of Smt. Vinatadevi Tope Social Service League of Government Law College.]]
Principal Dr. Trimbak Krishna Tope was a distinguished jurist, former two-time Vice Chancellor of the [[University of Mumbai]], former [[Sheriff of Mumbai]], and the longest serving Principal of Government Law College, Mumbai. He was a firm believer in social service. He wanted to sensitize the law students about the real picture of the society, so that they work towards its betterment, selflessly, as law is an instrument of social change.

As a result, Dr. Tope laid the foundation stone of Smt. Vinatadevi Tope Social Service League in the year 1966, also serving as its first and longest serving President, from 1966 to 1975.

SSL is one of the four oldest student committees of Government Law College, Mumbai (the other three being the Moot Court Association, the Magazine Committee and the Sports Committee). It is also the only committee whose President was also the Principal of Government Law College.<ref>[http://www.indicareer.com/entrance-exams/GLC-extra-curricular-activities.html "GLC - Extra-Curricular Activities"] ''IndiCareer''.</ref>

==Activities and Events==
[[File:Medha Patkar at Shikhar 2015.jpg|thumb|Renown social activist '''Smt. Medha Patkar''' addressing the audience at the Opening Ceremony of Shikhar 2015.]]
Every year, SSL undertakes various projects, benefiting students, [[Non-governmental organization|NGOs]], and the community at large. Some of the major projects are as follows:-
*'''Shikhar''' - An Exhibition cum Charity Sale
*'''Udaan''' - Inter NGO Fest for Underprivileged Children
*'''Vivechan''' - National Socio-Legal Essay Competition
*Blood Donation Drive
*Beach Cleanliness Drive
*Youth for Healthy Mumbai Awareness Drive
*NGO Visits
*'''Drishti''' - A cell to help and support the visually challenged students of the college
*'''Sheshpath''' - National Scribes & Readers Project in collaboration with Retina India
*'''Principal Dr. Trimbak Krishna Tope Memorial Lecture'''

==SSL Core for 2016-17==
{{trivia|section|date=January 2026}}
The following is SSL Core for 2016-17:
*'''Chairperson:''' Prof. Dr. Rachita Ratho
*'''General Secretary:''' Shamal Kamble
*'''Additional General Secretary:''' Dipti Karadkar
*'''Treasurer:''' Kanika Tyagi
*'''Additional Treasurer:''' Ayushi Tambi
*'''Creative Head:''' Kirti Bhardwaj
*'''Drishti Head:''' Kashish Garg
*'''Fundraising Head:''' Chitrakshi Dubey
*'''NGO Head:''' Rashmika Singh Tanwar
*'''Public Relations Head:''' Abeera Dubey
*'''Student Coordinator:''' Prarthna Nanda

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1966 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1966]]
[[Category:Student organisations in India]]

Chhanbey Assembly constituency

2026-01-30T23:32:32Z

Digitalcreator:

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Chhanbey
| map_image = 395-Chhanbey.svg
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Mirzapur district|Mirzapur]]
| reservation = SC
| constituency_no = 395
| loksabha_cons = [[Mirzapur Lok Sabha constituency|Mirzapur]]
| type = SLA
| mla = [[Rinki Kol]]
| party = {{Party index link|Apna Dal (Sonelal)}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = 2023
| electors = 3,74,291
}}
'''Chhanbey''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of Chhanbey in the [[Mirzapur district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India.<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>

Chhanbey is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Mirzapur Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 395 amongst 403 constituencies.

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web |title=Chhanbey Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/chhanbey.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Brahmanand Shastri
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|-
|[[1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|Sriniwas Prasad Singh
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
| rowspan="3" |Purushottam Das
|-
|[[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|-
|[[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Bhagwati Prasad
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|Kalicharan
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|[[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|Dulare Lal
|-
|[[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|Sriram Pasi
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
|[[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|Bhai Lal Kol
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|[[Pakaudi Lal Kol]]
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
|2004^
|Sriram Bharti
|-
|[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|Suryabhan
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|Bhai Lal Kol
|style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Rahul Prakash]]
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Apna Dal (Soneylal)}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Apna Dal (Soneylal)]]
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|-
|2023^
|[[Rinki Kol]]
|}

==Election results==

===2023 bypoll===
Rinki Kol of the Apna Dal(Sonelal) party emerged as the winner with a margin of over 9,587 votes against her closest rival, Keerti Kol of the [[Samajwadi Party]].<ref name="Chhanbey Bypoll Result 2023: Apna Dal's Rinki Kol Wins By 9,587 Votes">{{cite news |last1=TimesNow |title=Chhanbey Bypoll Result 2023: Apna Dal's Rinki Kol Wins By 9,587 Votes |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/live-chhanbey-bypoll-result-2023-live-aap-bjp-congress-article-100189132 |access-date=14 May 2023 |date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514182855/https://www.timesnownews.com/india/live-chhanbey-bypoll-result-2023-live-aap-bjp-congress-article-100189132 |archive-date=14 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
{{Election box begin|title=[[2023 elections in India|2023 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Chhanbey<ref name="Chhanbey Bypoll Result 2023: Apna Dal's Rinki Kol Wins By 9,587 Votes"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Apna Dal (Sonelal)
|candidate = [[Rinki Kol]]
|votes = 76203
|percentage = 46.70
|change = -0.59
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Kirti Kol
|votes = 66616
|percentage = 40.82
|change = +11.11
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
|candidate = Shiv Pujan
|votes = 3192
|percentage = 1.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Ajay Kumar
|votes = 2541
|percentage = 1.56
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = Bheemrav
|votes = 4637
|percentage = 2.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = Arjun
|votes = 4012
|percentage = 2.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 2459
|percentage = 1.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 9,587
|percentage = 5.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 163193
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Apna Dal (Sonelal)
|loser = Samajwadi Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chhanbey<ref name="results2022">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2022 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=4 March 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Apna Dal (Sonelal)
|candidate = [[Rahul Prakash|Rahul Prakash Kol]]
|votes = {{formatnum:102502}}
|percentage = 47.29
|change = -2.3
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Kirti Kol
|votes = {{formatnum:64389}}
|percentage = 29.71
|change = +12.51
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Dhaneshwar
|votes = {{formatnum:32145}}
|percentage = 14.83
|change = -5.35
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Bhagwati Prasad Chaudhary
|votes = {{formatnum:3935}}
|percentage = 1.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
|candidate = Shiv Pujan
|votes = {{formatnum:3230}}
|percentage = 1.49
|change = +0.53
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Mukti Party
|candidate = Saroj Sargam
|votes = {{formatnum:3035}}
|percentage = 1.4
|change = +0.67
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Adhikar Party
|candidate = Sarvesh Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:2591}}
|percentage = 1.2
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3224}}
|percentage = 1.49
|change = -0.59
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:38113}}
|percentage = 17.58
|change = -11.83
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:216739}}
|percentage = 57.91
|change = -2.5
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Apna Dal (Sonelal)
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
[[Apna Dal (Sonelal)]] candidate ''Rahul Prakash'' won in [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] defeating [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] candidate ''Dhaneswar'' by a margin of 63,468 votes.<ref name="election2017">{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/chhanbey.html|title=Assembly result 2017|website=Elections.in|access-date=2017-08-25}}</ref>
{{Election box begin|title = [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Chhanbe<ref name="election2017"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Apna Dal (Sonelal)
|candidate = Rahul Prakash
|votes = {{formatnum:107007}}
|percentage = 49.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Dhaneshwar
|votes = {{formatnum:43539}}
|percentage = 20.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Bhai Lal
|votes = {{formatnum:37108}}
|percentage = 17.2
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = NISHAD Party
|candidate = Saroj Sargam
|votes = {{formatnum:15095}}
|percentage = 6.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
|candidate = Sushil Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:2064}}
|percentage = 0.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:4397}}
|percentage = 2.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:63468}}
|percentage = 29.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:215798}}
|percentage = 60.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}

{{coord|25.15|82.39|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Mirzapur district]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]

Bhairabkunda

2026-01-19T00:43:22Z

Digitalcreator: small fixed references per sources and added references

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2012}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bhairabkunda
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = city
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Assam#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Assam, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.8900|N|92.1150|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Udalguri district|Udalguri]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 703
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Assamese language|Bodo]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] / [[Bhutan Standard Time|BST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = AS
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-AS]]
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Bhairabkunda'''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Devi "Ecotourism in assam: A promising opportunity for development." South Asian Journal of Tourism and Heritage 5.1 (2012): 179-192.|first=Meena Kumari|date=January 2012|title=Ecotourism in assam: A promising opportunity for development.|url=https://www.sajth.com/old/2012/Microsoft%20Word%20-%20015Meena%20Kumari%20Devi.pdf|journal=South Asian Journal of Tourism and Heritage (2012)|volume=5|issue=1 |pages=188|via=Scholar}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Tourist Places {{!}} Udalguri District {{!}} Government of Assam, India|url=https://udalguri.assam.gov.in/portlets/tourist-places|access-date=2020-09-20|website=udalguri.assam.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tourism heaven along the Himalayan foothills|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/tourism-heaven-along-the-himalayan-foothills/cid/1735505|access-date=2020-09-20|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> is a popular picnic spot in '''[[Udalguri district]]'''<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Welcome to Udalguri District|url=http://udalguri.gov.in/|access-date=2020-09-20|website=udalguri.gov.in}}</ref> in the State of [[Assam]], [[India]]. It is situated on the border of Bhutan.

The Jampani River, originating in [[Bhutan]], and [[Bhairabi River]] merge here to form [[Dhanshiri River]]. Dhanshiri river is a major tributary of [[Brahmaputra]] river. An [[irrigation]] project was constructed on Dhanshiri river at Bhairabkunda. A guide [[dam]] was constructed inside Bhutan for this project. The Project is situated in [[Udalguri District]]<ref name=":1" /> within jurisdiction of [[Bodoland Territorial Region]] (B.T.R.)<ref>{{Cite web|last=Talukdar|first=Sushanto|title=The third Bodo accord: A new deal|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article30800941.ece|access-date=2020-09-20|website=Frontline|language=en}}</ref> aimed to provide assured irrigation to an area of {{convert|41.683|ha}} in five development blocks viz. Udalguri, [[Rowta]], [[Kalaigaon]], Mazbat and Bechimari under Udalguri Civil Sub-Division.

Along with the irrigation project, a hydro-electric project was also planned to generate 20 MW of electricity out of 5 No. falls per {{convert|9|m}} drop, but it did not materialise.

== Geography ==
Bhairabkunda<ref name=":1" /> has an average elevation of 703 metres. It stands as one of the famous picnic spots in Assam.{{fact|date=October 2021}} Both locals and tourists are drawn towards this place because of its location and features.{{fact|date=October 2021}} One attraction of the place is that it shares border with Bhutan and stands as a suitable entrypoint to the country. People can also cross the international border on foot from here and visit the adjacent Daifam town. There is also a suspension bridge made with steel cables that connects Bhairabkunda with Daifam, which is a tourist destination, and a spot for photography.{{fact|date=October 2021}}

== Tourist Places ==
#'''[http://udalguri.gov.in/bhairabkunda.htm Bhairabkunda Picnic Spot]'''<ref name=":0" />'''-''' Thousands of picnickers visit this place through November to early February.
#[[Bhairabkunda Shiva Mandir]]<ref name=":0" />- Geographically located in Bhutan, but near Bhairabkunda town. Significant Number of devotees visit this place throughout the year. The number, however, increases during special occasions.
#'''[[Gethsemane Man-made Forest]]'''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-12-25|title=Afforestation changes life and landscape: How a district in Assam lost a forest, gained a future|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/afforestation-changes-life-and-landscape-how-a-district-in-assam-lost-a-forest-gained-a-future-4997615/|access-date=2020-09-20|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-28|title=Once fighting for Bodoland, 35 men divert their efforts to grow a forest|url=https://india.mongabay.com/2020/01/once-fighting-for-bodoland-35-men-divert-their-efforts-to-grow-a-forest/|access-date=2020-09-20|website=Mongabay-India|language=en-US}}</ref>'''-''' A forest grown entirely by local [[Joint Forest Management|JFMC]] of 35 members with the help of Forest department of Assam. Spread across more than 6 km2. With more than 14 lakh plus trees of over 35 varieties. A number of animals, birds and reptiles can also be seen here. Visitors can also stay the night in their Guest house.

== Bhairabkunda Tourism Festival ==
Bhairabkunda Tourism Festival<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Assam: Bhairabkunda Festival to be held from Jan 16|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/assam-bhairabkunda-festival-to-be-held-from-jan-16/as73249876.cms|access-date=2020-09-20|website=Times of India Travel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-14|title=Bhairabkunda festival to start from Jan 16|url=https://www.pratidintime.com/bhairabkunda-festival-to-start-from-jan-16/|access-date=2020-09-20|website=Pratidin Time|language=en-US}}</ref> is organised during the month of January every year. The event is organised in the bank of river Dhansiri and Bhairabkunda Tourism Complex. The main objective of this event is to promote tourism in the locality and to expose the vibrant local culture. The main attractions of this events are folk dance and music, traditional cuisines and traditional dresses shows from across the Northeast region as well as from Bhutan. Other activities in the event include elephant and Jeep safari as well.

<gallery widths="200" heights="200" perrow="3">
File:Bhairabkunda.jpg|Dhansiri river in Bhairabkunda
File:Bhairabkunda gate.jpg|Gate at India-Bhutan international border in Bhairabkunda
File:Bhairabkuna picnic.jpg|Bhairabkunda picnic spot
File:Road to gethsemane.jpg|Gethsemane Man-made Forest
File:Ariel View of Gethsemanene Man-made forest.jpg|Aerial View of Gethsemane Man-made Forest
File:Gethsemane forest Road.jpg|Gethsemane Man-made Forest
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}[http://udalguri.gov.in/bhairabkunda.htm Bhairabkunda Picnic Place]

[https://indianexpress.com/article/india/afforestation-changes-life-and-landscape-how-a-district-in-assam-lost-a-forest-gained-a-future-4997615/ Gethsemane Man-made Forest JFMC] [https://gethsemaneforest.org 1]{{clear-left}}

==Further reading==
*[https://www.sentinelassam.com/news/army-celebrates-international-day-of-forests-at-6-sq-km-manmade-forest-near-bhairabkunda/ Army celebrates International Day of Forests at 6 sq km manmade forest near Bhairabkunda]. ''The Sentinel. 23 March 2019.''
*{{cite news |title=Barren forest land regenerated at Bhairabkunda |url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=dec2511/at092 |newspaper=The Assam Tribune |date=25 December 2011}}
* {{cite news |title=New tourist guest house at Bhairabkunda |url=https://www.assamtimes.org/node/12351 |newspaper=Assam Times |date=17 November 2014}}
* {{cite news |title=4th Bhairabkunda festival underway at Udalguri |url=http://eastern-today.com/entries/blog/4th-bhairabkunda-festival-underway-at-udalguri |newspaper=The Eastern Today |date=4 January 2016}}
* {{cite news |title=Govt urged to provide funds for man-made forest |url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=jul2016/state050 |newspaper=The Assam Tribune |date=20 July 2016}}
* {{cite news |title=Bhairabkunda calling you |url=https://www.assamtimes.org/node/18077 |newspaper=Assam Times |date=2 December 2016}}
* {{cite news |title=Community conservation initiative at Bhairabkunda |url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=dec1916/at056 |newspaper=The Assam Tribune |date=19 December 2016}}
* [https://getsemaniforest.wordpress.com/2018/11/22/flying-snakes-of-gethsemane-forest/ "Flying Snakes of Gethsemane Forest]. ''Gethsemane Man-made Forest.'' 26 May 2019.
* [https://getsemaniforest.wordpress.com/2019/05/26/exploring-bhairabkunda-8-things-to-see-assam-northeast-india/ "Explore Bhairabkunda: 8 Things to See"]{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}. ''Gethsemane Man-made Forest.'' 22 November 2018.

[[Category:Villages in Udalguri district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Assam]]
[[Category:Bhutan–India border]]

Enippadikal (novel)

2026-01-15T05:25:28Z

Digitalcreator: new a stub.

{{Short description|Novel by Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai (1964)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox book
| name = Enippadikal
| title_orig = ഏണിപ്പടികൾ
| translator =
| image = File:Enippadikal_(novel).png
| caption =
| author = [[Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai]]
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| genre =
| publisher = [[Sahithya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society]]
| release_date = 1964
| english_release_date =
| media_type =
| pages =
| isbn =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
}}

'''''Enippadikal''''' ({{langx|ml|ഏണിപ്പടികൾ}}, {{langx|en|Rungs of the Ladder}}) is a [[Malayalam]] [[novel]] written by [[Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai]] and published by [[Sahithya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society]] in 1964. The central character of the novel is Kesava Pillai, who joins the state government service as a clerk and goes up the ladder in government service through treacherous means.<ref>{{cite book |author1=[[K. M. George (writer)|K. M. George]] |title=The Best of Thakazhi S. Pillai |date=2012 |publisher=Roli Books |isbn=9788174369413 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=laohEAAAQBAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=A. P. P. Namboodiri |title=Malayalam |journal=[[Indian Literature (journal)|Indian Literature]] |date=1965 |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=78–86 |jstor=23329142 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/23329142.pdf |access-date=18 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=C. Paul Varghese |title= Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai — An Assessment |journal=[[Indian Literature (journal)|Indian Literature]] |date=1970 |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=119–124 |jstor= 23329754 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/23329754.pdf |access-date=18 February 2023}}</ref> The novel won the [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Novel]] in 1965.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/ksa/Awards/novel.htm |title=Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Novel |date=2019-03-10 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi |access-date=18 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109145935/http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/ksa/Awards/novel.htm |archive-date=9 November 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The novel was adapted into films twice: first as "[[Enippadikal (film)|Enippadikal]]" in 1973, and later as "[[Vaasthavam|Vasthavam]]" in 2006, starring Prithviraj.

==Plot summary==
The protagonist, Kesava Pillai, starts as a clerk in government service and gradually progresses by using unethical means to reach the top. He falls in love with his colleague, Thankamma, but due to family pressure, he marries someone else. Despite this, he maintains a relationship with Thankamma, who happens to be the niece of the Chief Secretary to the Government. Kesava Pillai manipulates this connection to climb up the ladder and eventually becomes the Chief Secretary himself. Meanwhile, Thankamma transforms into a ''sannyasini'', and Kesava continues his relationship with her. The story concludes with Kesava Pillai being forced into premature retirement by a new ministry that exposes his treachery.

==References==
<references />

{{Novels by Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai}}
{{Malayalam Literature |state=collapsed}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Indian novels adapted into films]]
[[Category:Malayalam novels]]
[[Category:Novels set in Kerala]]
[[Category:Novels by Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai]]
[[Category:Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award–winning works]]
[[Category:1964 Indian novels]]

K.B Sarani (Mall Road)

2026-01-12T16:50:35Z

Digitalcreator: new redirect

#REDIRECT [[North Dum Dum]]
{{R with history|North Dum Dum}}

Banaras Hindu University Kulgeet

2026-01-12T07:08:01Z

Digitalcreator: minor enhanced citations as per guidelines also

{{Short description|Poem by Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}

{{Infobox anthem
| transcription = Madhur Manohar Ateev Sundar
| title =
| english_title = So Sweet Serene, Infinitely Beautiful
| image = BHU Logo with Tagline.png
| image_size = 180
| caption = Tagline "capital of knowledge" borrowed from the Kulgeet
| country = [[Banaras Hindu University]]
| prefix = University
| type = anthem
| author = [[Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar]]
| composer = [[Omkarnath Thakur|Pt. Omkarnath Thakur]]
| sound = Madhur_Manohar_Ateev_Sundar_Banaras_Hindu_University_Kulgeet.mp3
| sound_title = Excerpt of the Kulgeet being sung
}}

The '''Banaras Hindu University Kulgeet (BHU Kulgeet)''' , ''i.e.'', '''{{Lang|hi|Madhur Manohar Ateev Sundar|italic=yes}}''' ({{Translation|sweet serene, infinitely beautiful}}) is a poem written by [[Indian people|Indian]] chemist [[Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar]] while serving as professor at BHU.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Death Anniversary : बीएचयू ने देश को दिया था रिसर्च लैबोरेटरी का जनक|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/varanasi-city-dr-shanti-swarup-bhatnagar-death-anniversary-bhu-gave-country-father-of-research-laboratory-jagran-special-21223957.html|access-date=2021-12-31|website=Dainik Jagran|language=hi|archive-date=31 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231130553/https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/varanasi-city-dr-shanti-swarup-bhatnagar-death-anniversary-bhu-gave-country-father-of-research-laboratory-jagran-special-21223957.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-01|title=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar, a petroleum luminary who fired up India's science & tech pursuit|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/shanti-swarup-bhatnagar-a-petroleum-luminary-who-fired-up-indias-science-tech-pursuit/171129/|access-date=2021-12-31|website=ThePrint|language=en-US|archive-date=31 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231130552/https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/shanti-swarup-bhatnagar-a-petroleum-luminary-who-fired-up-indias-science-tech-pursuit/171129/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=काशी हिंदू विश्वविद्यालय का कुलगीत – डॉ. शांति स्वरूप भटनागर – नवनीत हिंदी|url=https://www.navneethindi.com/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF/|access-date=2022-01-17|website=www.navneethindi.com|archive-date=25 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125021627/http://www.navneethindi.com/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF/|url-status=live}}</ref> It has been composed by another professor at BHU, [[Omkarnath Thakur|Pt. Omkar Nath Thakur]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=June–August 2006 |title=Kulgeet on CD |pages=2 |work=BHU News |url=https://www.bhu.ac.in/NEWSPAPER/BHUNEWSJunAug20062.pdf |access-date=24 March 2022 |archive-date=3 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003204437/https://www.bhu.ac.in/NEWSPAPER/BHUNEWSJunAug20062.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The poem has been popularised and adopted in original as the official university anthem of [[Banaras Hindu University]] and is called ''Kulgeet''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 6, 2016|title=BHU celebrates Teacher's Day by remembering Malviya|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/varanasi/bhu-celebrates-teachers-day-by-remembering-malviya/articleshow/54024065.cms|access-date=2021-12-31|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=31 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231130552/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/varanasi/bhu-celebrates-teachers-day-by-remembering-malviya/articleshow/54024065.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi|url=https://www.bhu.ac.in/aboutus/kulgeet.php|access-date=2021-12-31|website=www.bhu.ac.in|archive-date=8 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108010158/https://www.bhu.ac.in/aboutus/kulgeet.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is customary in the university for this anthem to be sung in chorus before any official event or festival of the university is started.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BHU में पाकिस्तान समर्थक अल्लामा की तस्वीर पर हंगामा:उर्दू विभाग ने इनविटेशन कार्ड से मदन मोहन मालवीय की फोटो हटा दी, भड़के छात्र|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/news/students-furious-over-the-photo-of-allama-a-supporter-of-two-nation-in-place-of-malviya-ji-in-the-urdu-department-in-varanasi-professors-dont-even-sing-kulgeet-129101498.html?ref=inbound_More_News|url-status=live|website=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111024030/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/news/students-furious-over-the-photo-of-allama-a-supporter-of-two-nation-in-place-of-malviya-ji-in-the-urdu-department-in-varanasi-professors-dont-even-sing-kulgeet-129101498.html?ref=inbound_More_News |archive-date=2021-11-11 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-15|title=राजस्थान के राजभवन में गूंजा BHU का कुलगीत: वाराणसी के दीन दयाल पीठ की 17 किताबों का राज्यपाल कलराज मिश्र ने किया लोकार्पण|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/news/governor-kalraj-mishra-inaugurated-17-books-of-deen-dayal-peeth-of-varanasi-129120198.html?ref=inbound_More_News|access-date=2021-12-31|website=Dainik Bhaskar|language=hi|archive-date=31 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231130552/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/news/governor-kalraj-mishra-inaugurated-17-books-of-deen-dayal-peeth-of-varanasi-129120198.html?ref=inbound_More_News|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-09|title=Row erupts over photo of 'Sare Jahan Se Accha' writer in BHU|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/row-erupts-over-photo-of-sare-jahan-se-accha-writer-in-bhu-101636482550507.html|access-date=2022-01-04|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=4 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104063215/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/row-erupts-over-photo-of-sare-jahan-se-accha-writer-in-bhu-101636482550507.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=BHU: कला संकाय के युवा महोत्सव में दिखी विभिन्न राज्यों की संस्कृति, VIDEO|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/story-bhu-culture-of-various-states-seen-in-youth-festival-of-faculty-of-arts-video-3003785.html|access-date=2022-02-11|website=Hindustan|language=hindi|archive-date=19 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419033442/https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/story-bhu-culture-of-various-states-seen-in-youth-festival-of-faculty-of-arts-video-3003785.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The last stanza of the poem is dedicated to [[Malviya]] ji, founder of the university. The university tagline in Hindi {{Lang|hi|Sarv-vidya ki Rajdhani|italic=yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Microsoft Word - Executive Summary|url=https://www.bhu.ac.in/RAR/ExecutiveSummary.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326094912/http://bhu.ac.in/RAR/ExecutiveSummary.pdf |archive-date=2014-03-26 }}</ref>'','' is borrowed directly from the last line of the poem, while the English tagline ''capital of knowledge'' is a translation of the same.<ref>{{Citation|title=Graphic Identity of Brand BHU|url=https://intranet.bhu.ac.in/BHU%20LOGO%20March%2014Com%20Center/GAD%20Not.pdf|pages=13|publication-date=13 November 2013|type=BHU Act & Statues|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112125507/http://intranet.bhu.ac.in/BHU%20LOGO%20March%2014Com%20Center/GAD%20Not.pdf|archive-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>

The Kulgeet has often earned accolades throughout history.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BHU Alumni Meet कैबिनेट मंत्री महेंद्र नाथ पांडेय बोले, बीएचयू को समझने के लिए कुलगीत ही काफी |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/story-bhu-alumni-meet-cabinet-minister-mahendra-nath-pandey-said-kulgeet-is-enough-to-understand-bhu-2968801.html |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=Hindustan |language=hindi |archive-date=12 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512002137/https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/story-bhu-alumni-meet-cabinet-minister-mahendra-nath-pandey-said-kulgeet-is-enough-to-understand-bhu-2968801.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-02-03 |title=How BHU Changed My Life |url=https://openthemagazine.com/voices/how-bhu-changed-my-life/ |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=Open The Magazine |language=en-GB |archive-date=12 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512002139/https://openthemagazine.com/voices/how-bhu-changed-my-life/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The Kulgeet has been presented in art, and popular media as well.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-26 |title=चित्रों में प्रस्तुत किया बीएचयू का कुलगीत - Nishpaksh Lokvani |url=https://livelokvani.com/bhus-kulgeet-presented-in-pictures/ |access-date=2023-05-12 |language=en-US |archive-date=12 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512002141/https://livelokvani.com/bhus-kulgeet-presented-in-pictures/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=दिल्ली |first=निशांत चतुर्वेदी |date=2023-10-19 |title=KBC में पूछा गया बीएचयू के कुलगीत से जुड़ा सवाल, छात्र दिखे उत्साहित, क्या आपको पता है जवाब |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/up-uk/uttar-pradesh-bhu-question-related-to-kulgeet-of-kashi-hindu-university-asked-in-kbc-ann-2517835 |access-date=2023-10-27 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi |archive-date=27 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027122748/https://www.abplive.com/states/up-uk/uttar-pradesh-bhu-question-related-to-kulgeet-of-kashi-hindu-university-asked-in-kbc-ann-2517835 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=KBC में बीएचयू के कुलगीत पर पूछा गया प्रश्न:सोशल मीडिया पर हो रहा वायरल, छात्रों ने कहा- कुलगीत आत्मविश्वास के साथ निरंतर आगे बढ़ने की प्रेरणा |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/news/question-asked-on-bhus-kul-geet-in-kbc-132017035.html |access-date=24 November 2023 |archive-date=27 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027122803/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/news/question-asked-on-bhus-kul-geet-in-kbc-132017035.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Lyrics ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Hindi Lyrics
!Hindi romanisation
!Official English translation<ref>{{Cite web|title=Banaras Hindu University, [BHU], Varanasi-221005, U.P., India. - Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.|url=https://new.bhu.ac.in/Site/Page/1_2_32_68_Main-Site-BHU-Kulgeet|access-date=2021-12-31|website=new.bhu.ac.in|archive-date=31 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231130556/https://new.bhu.ac.in/Site/Page/1_2_32_68_Main-Site-BHU-Kulgeet|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|मधुर मनोहर अतीव सुन्दर, यह सर्वविद्या की राजधानी।
यह तीन लोकों से न्यारी काशी।

सुज्ञान धर्म और सत्यराशी॥

बसी है गंगा के रम्य तट पर, यह सर्वविद्या की राजधानी।

मधुर मनोहर अतीव सुन्दर, यह सर्वविद्या की राजधानी॥

नये नहीं हैं ये ईंट पत्थर।

है विश्वकर्मा का कार्य सुन्दर॥

रचे हैं विद्या के भव्य मन्दिर, यह सर्वसृष्टि की राजधानी।

मधुर मनोहर अतीव सुन्दर, यह सर्वविद्या की राजधानी॥

यहाँ की है यह पवित्र शिक्षा।

कि सत्य पहले फिर आत्म-रक्षा॥

बिके हरिश्चन्द्र थे यहीं पर, यह सत्यशिक्षा की राजधानी।

मधुर मनोहर अतीव सुन्दर, यह सर्वविद्या की राजधानी॥

वह वेद ईश्वर की सत्यवाणी।

बनें जिन्हें पढ़ के ब्रह्मज्ञानी॥

थे व्यास जी ने रचे यहीं पर, यह ब्रह्म-विद्या की राजधानी।

मधुर मनोहर अतीव सुन्दर, यह सर्वविद्या की राजधानी॥

वह मुक्तिपद को दिलाने वाले।

सुधर्म पथ पर चलाने वाले॥

यहीं फले-फूले बुद्ध, शंकर, यह राज-ऋषियों की राजधानी।

मधुर मनोहर अतीव सुन्दर, यह सर्वविद्या की राजधानी॥

सुरम्य धाराएँ वरूणा अस्सी।

नहाये जिनमें कबीर तुलसी॥

भला हो कविता का क्यों न आकर, यह वाग्विद्या की राजधानी।

मधुर मनोहर अतीव सुन्दर, यह सर्वविद्या की राजधानी॥

विविध कला अर्थशास्त्र गायन।

गणित खनिज औषधि रसायन॥

प्रतीचि-प्राची का मेल सुन्दर, यह विश्वविद्या की राजधानी।

मधुर मनोहर अतीव सुन्दर, यह सर्वविद्या की राजधानी॥

यह मालवीय जी की देशभक्ति।

यह उनका साहस यह उनकी शक्ति॥

प्रगट हुई है नवीन होकर, यह कर्मवीरों की राजधानी।

मधुर मनोहर अतीव सुन्दर, यह सर्वविद्या की राजधानी॥
|madhur manohar ateev sundar, yeh sarvidya ki rajdhani,
yeh teen lokon se nyari kashi,

sugyan dharm aur satyarashi.

basi hai ganga ke ramya tat pr, yeh sarvvidya ki rajdhani

madhur manohar ateev sundar, yeh sarvvidya ki rajdhani.

naye nahi hain ye eent pathar,

hai vishwakarma ka karya sundar.

rachein hain vidya ke bhavya mandir, yeh sarvsrishti ki rajdhani,

madhur manohar ateev sundar, yeh sarvvidya ki rajdhani.

yahan ki hai yeh pavitra siksha,

ki satya pahle phir aatm-raksha.

bike harischandra yahin par, yeh satyasiksha ki rajdhani,

madhur manohar ateev sundar, yeh sarvvidya ki rajdhani.

weh ved ishwar ki satyavani,

bane jinhe padh ke brahmgyani.

they vyas ji ne rache yahin par, yeh brahm-vidya ki rajdhani,

madhur manohar ateev sundar, yeh sarvvidya ki rajdhani.

weh muktipad ko dilane wale,

sudharm path par chalane waale.

yahi phale phule buddh shankar, yeh raaj-rishiyon ki rajdhani,

madhur manohar ateev sundar, yeh sarvvidya ki rajdhani.

suramya dharayain varuna assi,

nahaye jinme kabir tulsi.

bhala ho kavita ka kyo na aakar, yeh vaagvidya ki rajdhani,

madhur manohar ateev sundar, yeh sarvvidya ki rajdhani.

vividh kala arthsahstra gayan,

ganit khanij ausadhi rasayan.

pratichi-prachi ka mel sundar, yeh vishwavidya ki rajdhani,

madhur manohar ateev sundar, yeh sarvvidya ki rajdhani.

yeh malviya ji ki deshbhakti,

yeh unka saahas, ye unki shakti.

pragat hui hai naveen hokar, yeh karmveero ki rajdhani,

madhur manohar ateev sundar, yeh sarvvidya ki rajdhani.
|So sweet serene, infinitely beautiful
This is the presiding center of all learning

Radiant Kashi, wonder of the three worlds

Treasure-Chest of Jnana, Dharma and Satya

Nesting on Ganga's bank, center of all disciplines.

(So sweet, serene, infinitely beautiful)

No Recent work of brick and stone

Primordial design of divinity alone

Mansions of Vidya, center of all creation.

(So sweet, serene, infinitely beautiful)

Clear here is the doctrine pure

Truth first, then only one' self

Home of Harishchandra, Truth's testing ground.

(So sweet, serene, infinitely beautiful)

The voice of God in Vedic record

Constant Inspiration for soul-accord

Work-shop of Veda Vyasa, center freedom for Bhrahma Vidya

(So sweet, serene, infinitely beautiful)

Find here the steps of freedom

Tread here the path of Dharma

Flaming trail Budha's and Shankara's center for philosopher-kings.

(So sweet, serene, infinitely beautiful)

Life-Giving waters of Varuna and Assi

Sustenance of Kabir and Tulsi

Fountainhead of eloquent speech and poetry.

(So sweet, serene, infinitely beautiful)

Music, Economics, other arts so many

Maths, Mining, Medicine and Chemistry

Fraternal forum of East and West, university in trust sense.

(So sweet, serene, infinitely beautiful)

Patriotism of Malviyaji

His intrepidity and energy

All in youthful manifestation, centre for men of action

(So sweet, serene, infinitely beautiful)
|}

== Code of conduct ==
The ''Kulgeet'' is sung in the university in chorus, and rarely alone. As a mark of respect, clapping after ''Kulgeet'' is prohibited.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gsw0rYke3dM |title=PM Modi at Centenary Year Convocation of the Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi |date=22 Feb 2016 |last=Modi |first=Narendra |type=Videotape |language=Sanskrit, Hindi |access-date=14 May 2022 |archive-date=14 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514185333/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gsw0rYke3dM |url-status=live }}</ref> The composition by Omkarnath Thakur is the official composition.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BHU Kulgeet |url=https://www.bhu.ac.in/kulgeet.htm#:~:text=Anthem%20Madhur%20Monohar%20............-,DOWNLOAD%20MUSIC,-NOTICE |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=www.bhu.ac.in |archive-date=3 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003213407/https://www.bhu.ac.in/kulgeet.htm#:~:text=Anthem%20Madhur%20Monohar%20............-,DOWNLOAD%20MUSIC,-NOTICE |url-status=dead }}</ref> There is no official length prescribed, but the official composition usually takes around four minutes and thirty seconds.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=02YIezQM210 |title=KULGEET OF BHU |last=Tiwari |first=Vaibhav |type=Videotape |language=hi |access-date=14 May 2022 |archive-date=14 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514185326/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=02YIezQM210&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a1N6emAyc44 |title=BHU Kul geet 2019 |date=9 Dec 2019 |last=Shukla |first=Anurag |type=Videotape |language=hi |access-date=14 May 2022 |archive-date=14 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514185326/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a1N6emAyc44&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref><gallery mode="packed" caption="Contributors to the Kulgeet">
File:Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar 1994 stamp of India.jpg|[[Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar]], who wrote the Kulgeet
File:Omkarnath Thakur 1997 stamp of India.jpg|[[Omkarnath Thakur]], who provided music for the Kulgeet
</gallery>

== See also ==

* [[Banaras Hindu University]]
* [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=25IkkBJu3qY BHU Kulgeet (on YouTube)]
{{Banaras Hindu University}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hindi poetry]]
[[Category:Indian poetry collections]]
[[Category:Banaras Hindu University]]

List of Odia films of 2001

2026-01-07T04:08:00Z

Digitalcreator: Starting.

{{Short description|None}}
{{Ollywood films}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
This is a list of films produced by the [[Ollywood]] film industry based in [[Bhubaneshwar]] and [[Cuttack]] in 2001:

==A-Z==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Genre !! Notes
|-
| {{Year header}} | '''[[2001 in film|2001]]'''
|-
| ''[[Baaja]](Hindi)''<ref>{{Citation|title=Baaja|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0405722/|access-date=2019-02-07}} {{unreliable?|date=September 2022}}</ref>|| [[A. K. Bir]] ||Ram Awana, [[Saroj Bhagwar]], [[Chitra Pandey]] || || A.K. Bir got best Children Film award in National Film Award 2003
|-
|''[[Baazi (2001 Oriya film)|Baaji]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Baazi|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1431215/|access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref>||[[Ashok Pati]] ||[[Siddhanta Mahapatra]], [[Anu Chowdhury]] || ||
|-
|''[[Call Waiting (film)|Call Waiting]]''|| ||[[Abhaya Kumar]], [[Leslie Tripathy]] || ||
|-
|''[[Dharma Debata]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Dharma Debata|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1435487/|access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref>|| [[Bijay Bhaskar]] ||[[Siddhanta Mahapatra]], [[Bijay Mohanty]], [[Mihir Das]] || ||
|-
|''[[Katha Rahithiba Kal Kalku]]''||[[Asit Pati]]||[[Siddhanta Mahapatra]] || ||
|-
|''[[Magunira Sagada]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Magunira Shagada|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1399046/|access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref>||[[Prafulla Mohanty]] ||[[Ashru Mochan Mohanty]], [[Jaya Seal]] ||Social||National Award for Best Oriya Film (2002)
|-
|''[[Mo Kola To Jhulana]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Mo Kola To Jhulana|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1435544/|access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref>|| [[Himansu Parijaa]]||[[Siddhanta Mahapatra]], [[Rachana Banerjee]], [[Bijay Mohanty]], [[Hara Patnaik]] || ||
|-
|''[[Pari Mahal (film)|Pari Mahal]]''||[[Bikash Das]] ||[[Siddhanta Mahapatra]], [[Maiphus]] Aparajita Mohanty || ||
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian film list}}
{{2001 films}}

[[Category:Lists of Odia films by year|2001]]
[[Category:Lists of 2001 films by language|Ollywood]]
[[Category:2000s in Orissa]]
[[Category:2001 in Indian cinema]]

Mreenal Deshraj

2025-12-28T16:10:08Z

Digitalcreator:

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mreenal Deshraj
| image = Mreenal_during_a_event.jpg
| caption = Mreenal during an event
| birth_date = 2 August 1978<ref>{{cite news |title=Is Mreenal Deshraj single? |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/is-mreenal-deshraj-single-2555307 |work=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Nagpur]], [[Maharashtra]]
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Actress
| yearsactive = 2000-2019
| spouse = {{marriage|Ashim Matthan|2022}}
| children =
| module2 =
| known_for =
| partner =
| relatives =
}}

'''Mreenal Deshraj''' (born 2 August 1978) is an Indian actress who works primarily in Hindi films and television.<ref>{{cite news |title=TV actor warned over onscreen sins! |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/tv-actor-warned-over-onscreen-sins/story-A77CYzbI35D4NlNhFRWPlK.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=15 September 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mreenal Deshraj, who has been a part of prominent shows, including Kahin Toh Hoga, Choti Si Zindagi, Ishqbaaaz and Naagin 3, shares excerpts from her journey|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/mreenal-deshraj-who-has-been-a-part-of-prominent-shows-including-kahin-toh-hoga-choti-si-zindagi-ishqbaaaz-and-naagin-3-shares-excerpts-from-her-journey-405430 |work=Tribune India}}</ref> She is known for the serials ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin]]'' and ''[[Ishqbaaaz]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tanvi |first1=Trivedi |title=Mreenal Deshraj: The demands of the industry make me feel that I am living on the edge |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mreenal-deshraj-the-demands-of-the-industry-make-me-feel-that-i-am-living-on-the-edge/articleshow/74563048.cms |work=The Times of India |date=12 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mreenal likes her role |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/mreenal-likes-her-role-268182 |work=Tribune India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pillay |first1=Neolin |title=Mreenal Deshraj on the change happening in Bollywood |url=https://urbanasian.com/entertainment/indian-tv-news/2022/08/mreenal-deshraj-on-the-change-happening-in-bollywood/ |work=Urban Asian |date=4 August 2022}}</ref>

==Early life==
Mreenal graduated in Fashion Designing from [[National Institute of Fashion Technology]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - NCR stories |url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020412/ncr2.htm |work=m.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> Mreenal married Ashim Matthan on 5 July 2022.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Mreenal Deshraj talks about life after marriage |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/happy-times-417406 |work=Tribuneindia |date=31 July 2022}}</ref>

==Career==
Mreenal started her career as an actor with TV Serial ''[[Kahin To Hoga]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shruti |first1=Jambhekar |title=Mreenal Deshraj's tough time |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mreenal-deshrajamp39s-tough-time/articleshow/11167620.cms |work=The Times of India |date=19 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sanaya |first1=Chavda |title=Action stunts are interesting: Mreenal Deshraj |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/action-stunts-are-interesting-mreenal-deshraj/articleshow/5409935.cms |work=The Times of India |date=5 January 2010}}</ref> In which she played the role of Shipra Arora. After that she appeared in ''[[Kabhi Aaye Na Judaai]]'', ''[[Ek Ladki Anjaani Si (TV series)]]'' and ''[[Raat Hone Ko Hai]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Team |title=After bidding goodbye to 'Ishqbaaaz', Mreenal Deshraj to enter 'Naagin 3' as new 'naagin'! |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/naagin-3-after-exiting-ishqbaaaz-actress-mreenal-deshraj-to-enter-as-new-naaginin-surbhi-jyoti-pearl-v-puri-starrer-colors-show-890424 |work=news.abplive.com |date=6 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref> In 2006, she started her film career with ''[[Tathastu]]'' and played a supporting role in the film ''[[Vivah]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Somya |first1=Abrol |title=In search of elation |url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/2014/20141006/ttlife1.htm |work=m.tribuneindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pillay |first1=Neolin |title=Mreenal Deshraj talks about supporting causes to make a change! |url=https://urbanasian.com/entertainment/indian-tv-news/2022/07/mreenal-deshraj-talks-about-supporting-causes-to-make-a-change/ |work=Urban Asian |date=22 July 2022}}</ref>

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Serial
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2003
| [[Kahiin to Hoga]]
| Shipra Arora
| Lead Role<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shaheen |first1=Parkar |title=Mreenal Deshraj: I don't connect to middle-class characters |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/mreenal-deshraj-i-don-t-connect-to-middle-class-characters-21729182 |work=Mid-day |date=14 September 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2003
| [[Kabhi Aaye Na Judaai]]
|
| Supporting Cast<ref>{{cite news |title=Mreenal Deshraj pulls the brakes! |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-mreenal-deshraj-pulls-the-brakes-1103598 |work=DNA India}}</ref>
|-
| 2004
| [[Pancham (TV series)]]
| Lekha
| Lead Role<ref>{{cite news |title=Telly actress Mrinal Deshraj is back on the scene |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/telly-actress-mrinal-deshraj-is-back-on-the-scene-16693193 |work=Mid-day |date=19 November 2015 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2005
| [[Ek Ladki Anjaani Si (TV series)]]
|
| Supporting Cast<ref>{{cite news |title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum |url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/2005/20051211/spectrum/tv.htm |work=m.tribuneindia.com}}</ref>
|-
| 2008
| [[Sujata (TV series)]]
| Sejal
| Lead Role<ref>{{cite news |last1=Glacxy |first1=Ferrao |title=Mreenal enjoys negative roles |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mreenal-enjoys-negative-roles/articleshow/3517994.cms |work=The Times of India |date=24 September 2008}}</ref>
|-
| 2007-2009
| [[Doli Saja Ke]]
| Padmini
| Lead Antagonist<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sapana Patil |first1=Poojary |title='Female figures inspire me to paint' |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-female-figures-inspire-me-to-paint-1116166 |work=DNA India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Neha |first1=Maheshwari |title=Mreenal Deshraj: I have always chosen the wrong men in my life |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mreenal-deshraj-i-have-always-chosen-the-wrong-men-in-my-life/articleshow/71335402.cms |work=The Times of India |date=28 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2009
| [[Ssshhhh...Koi Hai]]
| Kajri Varun Pratap Singh
| Episodic Role<ref>{{cite news |last1=Glacxy |first1=Ferrao |title=Real ghost scares reel ghost |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/real-ghost-scares-reel-ghost/articleshow/3964046.cms |work=The Times of India |date=12 January 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mreenal Deshraj seen romancing in Shh.. Koi Hai |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2008/mreenal-deshraj-shh-koi-hai-310508.html |work=Filmibeat |issue=31 May 2008}}</ref>
|-
| 2011
| [[Ek Nayi Chhoti Si Zindagi]]
| Revati
| Lead Antagonist<ref>{{cite news |last1=Collin |first1=Rodrigues |title=Vidya Balan's sari fetches princely sum |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/vidya-balan-s-sari-fetches-princely-sum/story-SeEII7riBNj1Z3ekT2qgOJ.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=15 December 2011 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2013
| [[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]
| Rani Uma
| Lead Antagonist<ref>{{cite news |title=Mreenal Deshraj back on small screen |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/mreenal-deshraj-back-on-small-screen-15392150 |work=Mid-day |date=20 June 2014 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2013-2014
| [[Adaalat (TV series)|Adaalat]]
| Raksha and Mishka
| Episodic Role<ref>{{cite news |title=Mreenal Deshraj shows positivity even in a negative situation |url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/mreenal-deshraj-shows-positivity-even-negative-situation-191205 |work=Tellychakkar.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Vijaya |first1=Tiwari |title=Rucha Gujarati & Mreenal Deshraj in Adaalat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rucha-gujarati-mreenal-deshraj-in-adaalat/articleshow/18632393.cms |work=The Times of India |date=22 February 2013}}</ref>
|-
| 2016-2017
| [[Ishqbaaaz]]
| Jahnvi Malhotra
| Supporting Lead<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sameena |first1=Razzaq |title=Mreenal Deshraj's alcoholic act inspired by Meena Kumari |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/television/070916/mreenal-deshrajs-alcoholic-act-inspired-by-meena-kumari.html |work=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ishqbaaaz's Mreenal Deshraj says her in-laws didn't agree to her relationship with hubby: 'I am 10 years older...' |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/telly-talk/ishqbaaazs-mreenal-deshraj-says-her-in-laws-didnt-agree-to-her-relationship-with-hubby-i-am-10-years-older-article-93579447 |work=Zoom TV |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
| [[Dil Boley Oberoi]]
| Jhanvi
| Supporting Lead<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bureau |first1=ABP News |title=ISHQBAAZ: OMG! You won't see this actress in the show |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/ishqbaaz-omg-you-wont-see-this-actress-in-the-show-488262 |work=news.abplive.com |date=2 February 2017 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2019
| [[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin]]
| Rohini
| Lead Antagonist<ref>{{cite news |title=अब 'Naagin 3' में होगी ग्लैमरस नागिन की एंट्री, इस बार दिखेंगी नई शक्तियां... |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/tv-tv-actress-mreenal-deshraj-to-join-the-cast-of-naagin-3-prm-1648154.html |work=News18 Hindi |date=10 January 2019 |language=hi}}</ref>
|}

== Films ==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"

|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Title
! scope="col"| Role
!Notes
!Ref.
|-
| 2006
| ''[[Tathastu]]''
|
| Supporting Role
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Amrita |title=I am focussed and confident: Mreenal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-am-focussed-and-confident-mreenal/articleshow/3018573.cms |work=The Times of India |date=8 May 2008}}</ref>
|-
| 2006
| ''[[Vivah]]''
| Staff Member
| Supporting Role
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hungama |first1=Bollywood |title=Mrinal Deshraj Movies List {{!}} Mrinal Deshraj Upcoming Movies {{!}} Films: Latest Movies - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrity/mrinal-deshraj/filmography/ |date=3 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2009
| ''[[Runway (2009 film)]]''
|
| Supporting Role
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Runway |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2009/jul/02/runway-64467.html |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|1799507}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deshraj, Mreenal}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{India-screen-actor-stub}}

Chirixalus cherrapunjiae

2025-12-18T04:11:46Z

Digitalcreator: new pg

{{short description|Species of frog}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{speciesbox
| image =
| status = DD
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 17 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Saibal Sengupta, Sabitry Bordoloi |date=2004 |title=''Chirixalus cherrapunjiae'' |volume=2004 |article-number=e.T58786A11828457 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T58786A11828457.en |access-date=17 November 2021}}</ref>
| taxon = Chirixalus cherrapunjiae
| authority = ([[Mithan Lal Roonwal|Roonwal]] & Kripalani, 1966)
| synonyms =
* ''Philautus cherrapunjiae'' [http://faunaofindia.nic.in/PDFVolumes/records/059/04/0325-0333.pdf Roonwal and Kripalani, 1966]
* ''Chiromantis cherrapunjiae'' (Roonwal & Kripalani, 1966)
}}

'''''Chirixalus cherrapunjiae''''', with the common names '''Cherrapunji bubble-nest frog''' or '''Cherrapunji bush frog''', is a species of [[frog]] in the family [[Rhacophoridae]]. It is [[endemic]] to north-eastern India.

==Taxonomy and systematics==
This species was originally placed in the genus ''[[Philautus]]'' and later moved to ''[[Chirixalus]]'' because it was described as having free-living [[tadpole]]s. For a time, ''Chirixalus'' was recognized as synonymous with ''[[Chiromantis]]'' but is now recognized as a separate genus.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chirixalus cherrapunjiae (Roonwal and Kripalani, 1966) {{!}} Amphibian Species of the World|url=https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Rhacophoridae/Rhacophorinae/Chirixalus/Chirixalus-cherrapunjiae|website=amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org|access-date=2020-05-14}}</ref>

==Distribution and habitat==
It is [[endemic]] to [[Meghalaya]] and [[Arunachal Pradesh]] states of north-eastern India. There is little information on habitat and ecological requirements of this species.<ref name="iucn status 17 November 2021" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from1=Q27915521|from2=Q2700835}}

[[Category:Frogs of India]]
[[Category:Endemic amphibians of India]]
[[Category:Environment of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Environment of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]
[[Category:Amphibians described in 1966]]

{{Rhacophoridae-stub}}

Cedī (tribe)

2025-12-16T06:02:16Z

Digitalcreator: new entry.

{{short description|Ancient people in the central South Asia}}
{{for|the kingdom in the Ramayana and Mahabharata|Chedi Kingdom}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{one source|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox country
| native_name =
| conventional_long_name = Cedī
| common_name = Cedī
| today = India
| era = Iron Age India
| status =
| status_text =
| empire =
| government_type = [[Monarchy]]
| event_start =
| date_start =
| year_start = {{c.|1200 BCE}}
| event_end =
| date_end =
| year_end = {{c.|300 BCE}}
| image_map = Mahajanapadas (c. 500 BCE).png
| image_map_alt =
| image_map_caption = The Cedī kingdom and other Mahajanapadas in the Post Vedic
| capital = [[Suktimati|Śuktimatī]] or [[Suktimati|Sotthivatī]]
| common_languages = [[Prakrit]]s
| religion = [[Historical Vedic religion]] [[Jainism]] [[Buddhism]]
| currency =
| leader1 =
| year_leader1 =
| title_leader =
}}
'''Cedī''' ([[Sanskrit]]: {{Transliteration|sa|Cedī}}) was an ancient [[Indo-Aryan peoples|Indo-Aryan]] [[tribe]] of central [[Iron Age India|India]] whose existence is attested during the [[Iron Age in India|Iron Age]]. The members of the Cedī tribe were named the '''Caidyas''', and were organised into a kingdom, itself also called '''Cedī'''.{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1953|p=128-130}}

==Location==
{{multiple image
| align = left
| direction =vertical
| total_width=250
| image1 = Early Vedic Culture (1700-1100 BCE).png
| caption1 = {{center|Location of Cedi among the Vedic tribes}}
| image2 = Late Vedic Culture (1100-500 BCE).png
| caption2 = {{center|Location of Cedi during the late Vedic period}}
| image3 = Mahajanapadas (c. 500 BCE).png
| caption3 = {{center|Location of Cedi during the post-Vedic period}}
| footer=
}}
{{HistoryOfSouthAsia}}
The territory of Cedī was located near the [[Yamuna|Yamunā]] river, and its neighbours were [[Matsya Kingdom|Matsya]] in the west across the [[Chambal River|Chambal]] river, [[Kingdom of Kashi|Kāsī]] in the north-east on the Ganges, the Kāruṣas in east in the valley of the [[Son River|Son]] river, and the [[Daśārṇa]]s on the banks of the [[Dhasan River|Dhasan]] river. The area of Cedī thus corresponded to the eastern part of the modern-day [[Bundelkhand|Bundelkhaṇḍ]] along with nearby tracts.{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1953|p=128-130}}

The capital of Cedī was named [[Suktimati|Sotthivatī]] in [[Pali|Pāli]] and [[Suktimati|Śuktimatī]] in Sanskrit, and was located by a river of the same name.{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1953|p=128-130}} The location of the capital Suktimati has not been established with certainty. Historian [[Hem Chandra Raychaudhuri]] and [[F. E. Pargiter]] believed that it was in the vicinity of [[Banda, Uttar Pradesh]].{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1953|p=128-130}} Archaeologist [[Dilip Kumar Chakrabarti]] has proposed that Suktimati can be identified as the ruins of a large [[Northern Black Polished Ware|early historical]] city, at a place with the modern-day name Itaha, on the outskirts of [[Rewa, Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{Citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8qvY8pxVxcwC|last=Chakrabarti|first=Dilip Kumar|chapter=Mahajanapada States of Early Historic India|title=A Comparative Study of Thirty City-state Cultures: An Investigation|year=2000|editor-last=Hansen|editor-first=Mogens Herman|page=387|publisher=Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab |isbn=9788778761774 }}</ref>

==History==
The Cedī tribe was mentioned in the [[Rigveda|{{Transliteration|sa|Ṛgveda}}]], where their king Caidya is praised in a {{Transliteration|sa|Dānastuti}} ("praise of gift") at the end of a hymn.{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1953|p=128-130}}

By the 6th to 5th centuries BCE, Cedī had become one of the more important states in Iron Age India, due to which the [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] text, the [[Aṅguttara Nikāya|{{Transliteration|pi|Aṅguttara Nikāya}}]], listed it as one of the {{Transliteration|pi|solasa}} [[Mahajanapadas|{{Transliteration|pi|Mahājanapada}}]]s ("sixteen great states").{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1953|p=128-130}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |last=Raychaudhuri |first=Hemchandra |author-link=Hem Chandra Raychaudhuri |date=1953 |title=Political History of Ancient India: From the Accession of Parikshit to the Extinction of Gupta Dynasty |url= |location= |publisher=[[University of Calcutta]] |isbn=}}
{{refend}}

{{Mahajanapada |state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cedi (tribe)}}
[[Category:Mahajanapadas]]
[[Category:Ancient Indo-Aryan tribes]]
[[Category:Yadavas]]

Uday Kaul

2025-11-17T16:47:42Z

Digitalcreator: updated content further and improved wording

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1987)}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Uday Kaul
| image =
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1987|12|2|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Kangra]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], India
| nickname =
| batting = Left-handed
| bowling =
| role = [[Wicket-keeper]]
| family = [[Siddarth Kaul]] (brother)
| country = India
| club1 = [[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]]
| year1 = 2005–2019
| clubnumber1 =
| club2 = [[Kings XI Punjab]]
| year2 = 2008–2009
| clubnumber2 =
| club3 = [[Chandigarh cricket team|Chandigarh]]
| year3 = 2019–present
| clubnumber3 =
| columns = 3
| column1 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| column2 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| column3 = [[Twenty20|T20]]
| matches1 = 107
| matches2 = 74
| matches3 = 16
| runs1 = 7,024
| runs2 = 2,597
| runs3 = 169
| bat avg1 = 49.11
| bat avg2 = 45.56
| bat avg3 = 28.16
| 100s/50s1 = 19/35
| 100s/50s2 = 7/16
| 100s/50s3 = 0/1
| top score1 = 212[[not out|*]]
| top score2 = 137
| top score3 = 69
| hidedeliveries = true
| catches/stumpings1 = 201/17
| catches/stumpings2 = 68/12
| catches/stumpings3 = 6/3
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/30235.html ESPNcricinfo
| date = 30 April
| year = 2024
}}

'''Uday Kaul''' (born 2 December 1987)<ref name=ciprofile>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/30235.html Uday Kaul], ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 2012-06-12.</ref> is an Indian [[cricket]]er. He is a wicketkeeper-batsman who played for Punjab, [[Chandigarh cricket team|Chandigarh]] and Mizoram in the domestic cricket.<ref>
[http://www.espncricinfo.com/vijay-hazare-trophy-2011/content/squad/554183.html Punjab Squad, Vijay Hazare Trophy 2011/12] ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 2012-06-12.</ref> He was a part of [[Kings XI Punjab]] IPL team in 2008 and 2009.<ref>
{{Cite web|title=Kings XI Punjab Squad|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2009-374163/kings-xi-punjab-squad-394486/match-squads|access-date=11 August 2021|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He has also played for [[India Under-19 cricket team]] in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 July 2006|title=1st Youth ODI (D/N), Derby, Jul 18 2006, India Under-19s tour of England|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-under-19s-tour-of-england-2006-238313/england-under-19s-vs-india-under-19s-1st-youth-odi-239924/full-scorecard|access-date=11 August 2021|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Kaul and Sharma guide India Under-19s to victory|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/kaul-and-sharma-guide-india-under-19s-to-victory-260031|access-date=11 August 2021}}</ref> His brother [[Siddarth Kaul]] also played for Punjab.<ref>{{Cite web|title=North Zone, Dharamsala, Feb 17 2009, Vijay Hazare Trophy|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2008-09-369026/delhi-vs-punjab-north-zone-370328/full-scorecard|access-date=11 August 2021|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> His father, Tej Kaul, played across three seasons in the 1970s for [[Jammu and Kashmir cricket team|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tej Kaul Profile - Cricket Player India {{!}} Stats, Records, Video |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/tej-kaul-30546 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119041945/https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/tej-kaul-30546 |archive-date=19 January 2024 |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref>

Kaul made his first-class debut for Punjab at the age of 18 against [[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]] in 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mohali, Dec 9 – 12 2005, Ranji Trophy|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ranji-trophy-2005-06-227050/punjab-vs-hyderabad-india-265168/full-scorecard|access-date=11 August 2021|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He has been their first-choice wicket-keeper ever since in the longer versions of the game. He bats in the higher middle-order for Punjab and has been a prolific run-getter over the years. He leads Punjab in the absence of their skipper [[Harbhajan Singh]]. Kaul has been a regular feature in the [[North Zone cricket team|North Zone]] squad in Duleep Trophy.

Kaul made his debut as a specialist batsman in December 2006 against Jammu & Kashmir, who also fielded a promising debutant Akshay Karawal whose career was cut short by a serious knee injury in the first innings. Batting at 7, he scored 32 as Punjab went on to win by an innings and 151 runs. In the 2007-08 Ranji season, Kaul made 503 runs from 10 innings at an average of 62.87 with two hundreds. In the 2008–09 season, he scored 547 runs from 10 innings at an average of 68.37 with two hundreds and three fifties. In the 2009-10 Ranji season, he scored 582 runs in 8 matches with five fifties and a hundred, averaging 45. In the quarterfinal against Karnataka, he scored 68 and 86. The match was drawn and Karnataka qualified for the semifinals by virtue of their first-innings lead. In the 2010–11 season, Kaul made 561 runs from 11 innings, averaging 56.10 with one century and four fifties. In 2011–12, he continued his consistent batting display by scoring 478 runs from 11 innings with two hundreds and two fifties. In [[2012–13 Ranji Trophy]], Kaul amassed 652 runs from 10 matches, averaging more than 65. He struck three centuries in that season including an unbeaten 113 against Jharkhand in the quarterfinal. His consistent form earned him a place in the [[India A]] squad in October 2013 against West Indies A. He made an unbeaten 63 in the first match.

In 2012, he also played for Prime Bank Cricket Club (Old DOHS) in the [[Dhaka Premier League]]. He scored 221 runs in three innings including a hundred and two fifties. He was the leading run-scorer for [[Shinepukur Cricket Club]] in the [[2017–18 Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League]], with 478 runs in 9 matches.<ref name="1718runs">{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=12250;team=6502;type=tournament |title=Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League, 2017/18: Shinepukur Cricket Club |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref>

After his playing career, he moved to coaching and worked with Punjab's men's domestic team.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{cricinfo|id=30235}}

{{Punjab cricket squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaul, Uday}}
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Kangra, Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:Punjab, India cricketers]]
[[Category:Punjab Kings cricketers]]
[[Category:North Zone cricketers]]
[[Category:India Green cricketers]]
[[Category:Abahani Limited cricketers]]
[[Category:Shinepukur Cricket Club cricketers]]
[[Category:Chandigarh cricketers]]
[[Category:Wicket-keepers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

Honar Soon Mi Hya Gharchi

2025-10-22T04:13:36Z

Digitalcreator:

{{Short description|Indian television soap opera}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Honar Suun Me Hya Gharchi titlecard.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| genre = [[Indian soap opera]]
| network = [[Zee Marathi]]
| screenplay = [[Madhugandha Kulkarni]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| writer = [[Madhugandha Kulkarni]]
| producer = Mandar Devsthali
| director = Mandar Devsthali
| creative_director =
| editor = Harishchandra Mistry
| cinematography =
| company = Teamwork Ultra Creations
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 808
| first_aired = {{start date|2013|7|15|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2016|1|24|df=y}}
| image_alt =
| creator =
| list_episodes =
| released =
| composer = [[Nilesh Moharir]]
| opentheme = [[Vaishali Made]] and Shruti Bhave
}}

'''''Honar Soon Mi Hya Gharchi''''' ({{translation|I'll be the daughter-in-law of this house}}) is an Indian [[Marathi language]] television series that aired on [[Zee Marathi]]. It starred [[Tejashri Pradhan]] and [[Shashank Ketkar]] in lead roles. It premiered from 15 July 2013 by replacing ''[[Unch Majha Zoka]]''. The story revolves around Shrirang (Shree) who stays with his grandmother and five mothers. When Shree marries Janhavi, then she has trouble dealing with six mothers-in-laws.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Celebration Time: 'होणार सून मी ह्या घरची'चे झाले ७०० भाग पूर्ण सेटवर झालं सेलिब्रेशन|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/BOL-MB-honar-sun-mi-hya-gharachi-completes-700-episodes-5123054-PHO.html|website=Divya Marathi|language=mr|access-date=2021-04-21}}</ref>

==Plot==
Shrirang lives with his grandmother and five more women whom he equally treats as his mother. He owns a business "Gokhale Gruha Udyog" which his grandmother had established. He falls in love with Janhavi, who lives a modest life with her father, brother and step-mother, and works in a bank. They meet on a bus-stop and develop a beautiful bond. Initially Shri does not let Janhavi know he belongs to a rich family to maintain the simplicity of their relationship. But as they both fall in love, he reveals it to her. Janhavi's stepmother creates several problems in the pair's wedding and extorts the Gokhale family on various occasions. She also arranges her alliance with an aged man called Anil Apte. Before marriage, Shri's grandmother misunderstands Janhavi, especially given her mother's greedy nature. After marriage, Janhavi wins everyone's hearts with her caring nature. She also encourages all women in their home to take up various activities and businesses. She also brings Shri's estranged uncle and father back home.

Janhavi meets a road accident and partially loses her memory, forgetting all about her marriage with Shri. But she still moves back to Shri's home upon knowing the fact. She falls for Shri all over again. Janhavi regains her memory after living with the Gokhale family for a while.

Janhavi's little brother - Rohan, who goes by Pintya - gets in a pandemonium from his boss Kishore. His boss threatens him to do as he says. If he doesn't listen, he would kill his father and Shri. To save his loved ones' lives, he makes Shri's image brutal on social media. Everyone blames Janhavi because of what Pintya did, claiming that she did not take responsibility and stop him. Janhavi, expecting a baby, sobs over and over again, as she is at risk of losing it. No one except Geeta and Janhavi's parents know she is pregnant. Shri is about to give Janhavi a divorce due to misunderstandings created by her stepmother. The women in the house worry about Shri and decide to do his second marriage and leave Janhavi, as they do not know that Janhavi has not done anything, nor that she is pregnant. They find a bride for Shri. Janhavi often tries to stop Shri to tell him the truth, but can't. After some more incidents, Shri's grandmother and uncle also learn of her pregnancy and finally it is revealed to Shri at a function at 'Narmada Yoga Centre', named after Shri's mother who possibly runs the business. Over there Shri and Janhavi reunite, but they have yet to solve Baby Aatya and the five other mothers' misconceptions about Janhavi. As a result, Shri stops talking with his six mothers and then Janhavi overcomes his mothers' misunderstanding by her tricks. Now she must address Pintya's wedding. His mother is trying to hook him up with a rich family, whereas he has fallen for a girl at his office. However, she lives in [[Dharavi]], the biggest slum in Asia. His mother demands him to chuck her out of his life. Shri advises him to run away and get married. On the other hand, Janhavi thinks she can try and explain the situation to her vicious stepmom. Pintya's father agrees with Shri's opinion. Pintya has a little chat with him and comes to a conclusion that he has to take responsibility for his own actions and should leave his pregnant big sister out of his problems.

Pintya marries Sunita against his mother's will. Initially, Kala and Sunita clash, but Sadashiv resolves it forcibly. Saru marries a middle aged man, Pradyumna. Pradyumna's friend is later revealed to be Devendra, Baby Aatya's estranged husband.

On their anniversary, Devendra tries to reconcile with his wife, but Baby insults him and tells him to leave. Devendra explains Baby left him because of an incident which did not happen. Baby apologizes and returns to her husband. The other family members return. With some help from Janhavi, Pintya buys a flat for his family. Janhavi gives birth to a baby girl while Shri adopts another child from an orphanage. The family is delighted by the arrival of two baby girls, as the adopted baby is also a female. The serial ends with the entire family naming the baby "Krushna".

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Tejashri Pradhan]] as Janhavi Shrirang Gokhale / Janhavi Sadashiv Sahastrabuddhe (Janu)
* [[Shashank Ketkar]] as Shrirang Ramakant Gokhale (Shree)

===Recurring===
;Shree's family
* [[Rohini Hattangadi]] as Bhagirathi Gokhale (Aai Aaji)
* [[Manoj Joshi (actor)|Manoj Joshi]] as Ramakant Gokhale (Baba)
* Suhita Thatte as Narmada Ramakant Gokhale (Aai)
* Pournima Talwalkar as Kaveri Gokhale (Baby Aatya)
* [[Supriya Pathare]] as Indrayani Umakant Gokhale (Mothi Aai)
* [[Prasad Oak]] as Laxmikant Gokhale (Kanta)
* [[Leena Bhagwat]] as Sharayu Laxmikant Gokhale (Chhoti Aai)
* Smita Saravade as Saraswati (Saru Mavshi)

;Janhavi's family
* Asha Shelar as Shashikala Sadashiv Sahastrabuddhe (Kala)
* [[Manoj Kolhatkar]] as Sadashiv Sahastrabuddhe (Baba)
* Rohan Gujar as Rohan Sadashiv Sahastrabuddhe (Pintya)

;Others
* [[Atul Parchure]] as Sadanand Borkar
* Satish Salagare as Anil Apte
* Vipul Salunkhe as Mahesh Anil Apte
* Smita Oak as Sandhya Shivade
* Radhika Deshpande as Geeta
* Sachin Deshpande as Manish
* Vinod Gaykar as Nandan
* Abhijeet Zunjarrao as Devendra
* [[Samir Choughule]] as Pradyumna (Pappu)
* Pournima Ahire as Pappu's mother

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Honar Sun Me Hya Gharchi
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Nilesh Moharir]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 15 July 2013
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Romance film|Romance]]
| length =
| language = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| label =
| producer =
}}

The songs were composed by [[Nilesh Moharir]]. The three song album featured vocals by [[Vaishali Made]], Shruti Bhave, Madhura Kumbhar, [[Savani Ravindra]], Mangesh Borgaonkar, with lyrics by Mandar Cholkar. It was released in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title=शतदा प्रेम करावे...|url=https://maharashtratimes.com/editorial/samwad/love-the-throne/articleshow/66001295.cms|access-date=2021-01-07|website=[[Maharashtra Times]]|language=mr}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Honar Sun Me Hya Gharchi
| length1 = 01:14
| lyrics1 = Mandar Cholkar
| extra1 = [[Vaishali Mhade]], Shruti Bhave
| title2 = Honar Sun Me Hya Gharchi
| length2 = 01:11
| lyrics2 = Mandar Cholkar
| extra2 = [[Vaishali Made]], Madhura Kumbhar
| title3 = Tujhe Majhe Ek Naav
| length3 = 04:33
| lyrics3 = Mandar Cholkar
| extra3 = [[Savani Ravindra]], Mangesh Borgaonkar
| title4 = Me Tula Tu Mala
| length4 = 03:54
| lyrics4 = Mandar Cholkar
| extra4 = [[Savani Ravindra]], Mangesh Borgaonkar
| title5 = Kaljat Khol Khol
| length5 = 03:02
| lyrics5 = Mandar Cholkar
| extra5 = Mangesh Borgaonkar
| total_length = 12:54
}}

==Production==
The lead actors Pradhan and Ketkar won best actress and best actor awards respectively at the [[Zee Marathi Utsav Natyancha Awards]] in 2013. The show won a total 11 awards in various categories at this award function.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://zeenews.india.com/marathi/news/serials/-honar-sun-me-hya-gharchi-wins-11-awards-in-zee-marathi-awards/164139 | title=झी मराठी अवॉर्ड्सवर 'होणार सून मी ह्या घरची'ची मोहोर! | publisher=[[Zee 24 Taas]] |language=mr | date=17 October 2013 | access-date=14 September 2014 }}</ref> The [[mangalsutra]] Pradhan wore in the show, with three lines, became a fashion and was also sold on ''[[EBay]]''.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.loksatta.com/manoranja-news/janvi-pattern-gold-plated-3-line-mangalsutra-available-on-ebay-368367/ | title=जान्हवीचे तीनपदरी मंगळसूत्र इबे डॉट इनवर! | publisher=[[Loksatta]] | date=10 February 2014 |language=mr | access-date=14 September 2014}}</ref> The actors Pradhan and Ketkar got married in real life on 8 February 2014 at Pune.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/tv/Honar-Sun-Mi-Ya-Gharchi-Tejashree-Pradhan-Shashank-Ketkar-Suhita-Thatte-Rohini-Hattangadi-Leena-Bhagwat-Supriya-Pathare-Purnima-Talwalkar-Smita-Sarawade/articleshow/30049272.cms | title=Shashank's 'mothers' attend his wedding | newspaper=[[The Times of India]] | date=8 February 2014 | access-date=14 September 2014 }}</ref> But, divorced later by 2016. The show completed more than 808 episodes<ref name="OffAir">{{cite web|url=http://abpmajha.abplive.in/tv_and_theatre/honar-soon-me-hya-gharchi-to-off-air-168026 |title='बंद होणार' सून मी ह्या घरची | work=[[ABP Majha]] |date=7 December 2015 |access-date=17 December 2015 |language=mr}}</ref> and concluded on 24 January 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan-news/honar-soon-me-hya-gharchi-going-to-close-1167656/ |title=आठच्या ठोक्याला न चुकता बघितली जाणारी लोकप्रिय मालिका 'होणार सून मी ह्या घरची' या मालिकेचा निरोप |work=[[Loksatta]] |date=7 December 2015 |access-date=17 December 2015 |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://prahaar.in/entertainment/372483 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222095140/http://prahaar.in/entertainment/372483 |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 December 2015 |title=होणार सून मी ह्या घरची मालिका बंद होणार |work=[[Prahaar (newspaper)|Prahaar]] |date=7 December 2015 |access-date=17 December 2015 |language=mr}}</ref>

===Seasons===
* 16 June 2014 (Janhavi's Accident)
* 24 November 2014 (Janhavi's Pregnancy)

===Special episode===
====2 hours====
* 20 October 2013 (Shree-Janhavi's Marriage)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.esselnewsletter.com/news/zee-marathi-achieves-1-year-of-consistent-leadership.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816073533/http://www.esselnewsletter.com/news/zee-marathi-achieves-1-year-of-consistent-leadership.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=16 August 2014 |title=Zee Marathi achieves 1 year of consistent leadership |work=Essel News Letter}}</ref>
* 24 January 2016 (Shree-Janhavi's Child)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lokmat.com/storypage.php?catid=247&newsid=10083617 |title='होणार सून मी ह्या घरची' करणार प्रेक्षकांना 'गुडबाय' |work=[[Lokmat]] |date=9 December 2015 |access-date=17 December 2015 |language=mr}}</ref>

==Adaptations==
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; margin-right: 0;"
! style="background:Orange; width:10%;"| Language
! style="background:Orange; width:25%;"| Title
! style="background:Orange; width:20%;"| Original release
! style="background:Orange; width:10%;"| Network(s)
! style="background:Orange; width:10%;"| Last aired
! style="background:Orange; width:10%;"| Notes
|-
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| ''Honar Soon Mi Hya Gharchi'' होणार सून मी ह्या घरची
| 15 July 2013
| [[Zee Marathi]]
| 24 January 2016
| Original
|-
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| ''Neneu Aayana Aruguru Athalalu'' నేనేయు ఆయన అరుగు అథళాలు
| 24 February 2014
| [[Zee Telugu]]
| 27 September 2014
| rowspan="3"| Remake
|-
| [[Kannada]]
| ''Shrirasthu Shubhamasthu'' ಶ್ರೀರಸ್ತು ಶುಭಮಸ್ತು
| 22 September 2014
| [[Zee Kannada]]
| 2 July 2016
|-
| [[Hindi]]
| ''[[Satrangi Sasural]]'' सतरंगी ससुराल
| 3 December 2014
| [[Zee TV]]
| 26 March 2016
|}

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ [[Zee Marathi Utsav Natyancha Awards]]
! Year
! Category
! Recipient
! Role
! Ref.
|-
| rowspan="11"| [[Zee Marathi Awards 2013|2013]]
| Best Series
| Mandar Devsthali
| Producer
| rowspan="11"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/bol-zee-marathi-awards-2013-4407426-pho.html|title=सर्वोत्कृष्ट जोडीचा मान जान्हवी-श्रीला, मंजिरी ठरली सर्वोत्कृष्ट सून|date=2013-10-28|website=Divya Marathi|language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| Best Family
| Gokhale Family
|
|-
| Best Actor
| [[Shashank Ketkar]]
| Shree
|-
| Best Actress
| [[Tejashri Pradhan]]
| Janhavi
|-
| Best Couple
| [[Tejashri Pradhan]]-[[Shashank Ketkar]]
| Janhavi-Shree
|-
| Best Negative Character
| Asha Shelar
| Shashikala
|-
| Best Father
| Manoj Kolhatkar
| Sadashiv
|-
| Best Mother
| Suhita Thatte
| Narmada
|-
| Best Supporting Male
| [[Atul Parchure]]
| Mr. Borkar
|-
| Best Comedy Female
| [[Leena Bhagwat]]
| Sharayu
|-
| Best Mother-in-law
|
| Janhavi's Mother-in-laws
|-
| rowspan="6"| [[Zee Marathi Awards 2014|2014]]
| Best Series
| Mandar Devsthali
| Producer
| rowspan="6"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan-news/zee-marathi-awards-2014-winners-list-1030095/|title='झी मराठी पुरस्कार २०१४'चे मानकरी|date=2014-10-10|website=[[Loksatta]]|language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| Best Actress
| [[Tejashri Pradhan]]
| Janhavi
|-
| Best Couple
| [[Tejashri Pradhan]]-[[Shashank Ketkar]]
| Janhavi-Shree
|-
| Best Negative Character
| Asha Shelar
| Shashikala
|-
| Best Daughter-in-law
| Janhavi
| [[Tejashri Pradhan]]
|-
| Best Supporting Male
| Laxmikant
| [[Prasad Oak]]
|-
| rowspan="3"| [[Zee Marathi Awards 2015|2015]]
| Best Mother-in-law
|
| Janhavi's Mother-in-laws
| rowspan="3"| <ref>{{Cite news|title=Ka Re Durava shines at Zee Marathi awards - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/Ka-Re-Durava-shines-at-Zee-Marathi-awards/articleshow/49453403.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=2015-10-19}}</ref>
|-
| Best Character Female
| [[Rohini Hattangadi]]
| Bhagirathi
|-
| Best Negative Character
| Asha Shelar
| Shashikala
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/honaar-soon-mee-hyaa-gharchi/0-6-57 ''Honar Sun Me Hya Gharchi''] at [[ZEE5]]
* {{IMDb title|tt10235794}}
* {{Cite web | url = http://zeemarathi.com/Zee_Serial.aspx?zsid=915 | title = Honar Sun Me Hya Gharchi | archive-date = 15 January 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100115032541/http://zeemarathi.com/Zee_Serial.aspx?zsid=915 | access-date = 10 February 2021 | url-status = live }}

[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:2013 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Zee Marathi original programming]]
[[Category:2016 Indian television series endings]]

Amit Saigal

2025-10-21T20:23:13Z

Digitalcreator: fixed layout to improve readability also and improved wording

{{Short description|Indian musician (1965–2012)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Amit Saigal
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1965|7|6}}<ref name="Amit Profile on RJS">{{cite news|title=Amit Profile on RJS|url=http://www.rsjonline.com/}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Allahabad]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|2012|1|5|1965|7|6}}<ref name="Amit death news">{{cite news|title=Amit Saigal passed away in Goa|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 January 2012|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/music/news-and-interviews/Amit-Saigal-passed-away-in-Goa/articleshow/11385934.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729043628/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-06/news-and-interviews/30596913_1_rock-street-journal-rsj-alternative-music|url-status=live|archive-date=29 July 2013}}</ref>
| death_place = [[Goa]], India
| alma_mater =
| occupation = [[Rock musician]] & Promoter of [[Rock music]] in [[India]]<ref name=" Amit death news " />
| years_active = 1993–2012<ref name=" Amit death news " />
| employer =
| organization = Entertainment Media Services Pvt. Ltd.
| agent =
| known_for = Founder of [[Rock Street Journal]]<ref name=" Amit death news " />
| notable_works = [[Rock Street Journal]]
| spouse = Shena<ref name="Amit news Daily pioneer">{{cite news|title=Amit news Daily pioneer|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/vivacity/32902-he-must-have-had-a-rocking-good-time.html}}</ref>
|children = [[Aditi Saigal|Aditi "Dot" Saigal]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/user/msknockknock99|title=DOT. YouTube Channel|last=Saigal|first=Aditi |date=Aug 29, 2010|website=[[YouTube]]|publisher=[[Google]]|access-date=Aug 29, 2010}}</ref>
| website = [http://rsjonline.com/ rsjonline.com]
}}

'''Amit Saigal''' (6 July 1965 – 5 January 2012) was an Indian [[rock musician]], promoter of Indian independent music, publisher and [[impresario]]. Saigal co-founded the music magazine ''[[Rock Street Journal]]'' with his wife Shena Gamat building a community of musicians, artists, new audiences and music business professionals that did not exist for independent music at the time in India. <ref name=" Amit Profile on RJS " /><ref name="Amit news Indian Express">{{cite news|title=Father of Indian rock' Amit Saigal dies at 47 |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/father-of-indian-rock-amit-saigal-dies-at-47/896410/ | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=6 January 2012 | first=Somya | last=Lakhani | access-date=27 August 2018 }}</ref>

==Career==
Amit Saigal performed in a band called IMPACT playing classic rock song covers. Playing english rock music was not very popular but he understood the potential of its niche demand. In 1993, Saigal teamed up with his wife Shena Gamat and created ''[[Rock Street Journal]]'' (RSJ). It became the first rock and independent music magazine of India featuring domestic musicians and bands. They printed 2,500 copies of RSJ from his hometown, Allahabad and set out to distribute in college campuses in urban cities. Quite swiftly, it caught the attention of the youth and opened up doors for an alternative community of musicians and audiences waiting to find a common ground. <ref name=" Amit news Indian Express " />

== Great Indian Rock Festival (aka GIR) 1995-2010 ==
Saigal used RSJ to promote independent music artists and founded GREAT INDIAN ROCK festival (GIR). The first edition happened in 1995 at a cultural centre in Calcutta called Nandan, drawing a crowd of approximately 5000 people. He also used the Satellite television boom to the festival's advantage and invited MTV VJ Danny McGill for coverage. Since 1995, GIR ran 15 editions of increasingly large sized capacity events until 2010. GIR's added opportunity of creating a compilation album with songs of selected artists via process of entry was a new format at the time and quickly became popular among the upcoming indie music scene across the nation. Artists/bands who made it to this compilation album were given a slot to perform at the festival, making it one of the most desired platforms for aspiring musicians. Each edition of GIR became an annual attraction for a growing new audience and gradually brands like Levi's, Pepsi, Royal Stag, TVS Apache and many more associated with the festival as it expanded to more cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Pune and Bangalore.
Saigal was also able to book international artists like metal giants Meshuggah (Sweden), Guitar virtuosos Shawn Lane (USA), Mattias Eklundh (Norway) who performed with the Indian percussionist [[V. Selvaganesh]] and an array of unique artists to headline at GIR as their debut performances in India.

== Pub Rock Fest and Global Groove 2002-2010 ==
Next, Saigal created PUB ROCK FEST promoting rock/indie music and GLOBAL GROOVE for electronica music introducing and launching new artists in various clubs & small sized venues across the country. This opened up more opportunities for artists and created a new generation of promoters with a growing audience that was hungry for more alternative music other than the usual mainstream Bollywood music events.

== India Music Week (aka IMW) 2011-2016 ==
In 2011, Saigal founded India's first global music conference & showcase music festival INDIA MUSIC WEEK (IMW) in collaboration with Rikskonsertene, Concerts Norway. Saigal introduced a unique format as the festival started with a two-days music conference inviting delegates from India, Norway, Sweden, UK & Germany starting in New Delhi while showcasing 50 domestic and international artists across New Delhi, Mumbai and Bangalore, the events taking places at multiple venues in each city, all simultaneously happening within one week. IMW became the first Indian music festival that encouraged Indian independent musicians to perform at international music festivals and vice versa through a unique exchange program that had never happened before for indie artists. RSJ's music exchange programs were able to export Indian bands like Bombay Black, Orange Street, Scribe, Demonic Resurrection, Undying Inc. and many more who got opportunities to perform at festivals in USA, Sweden, Estonia, UK and Norway.

Between the years 1995-2012, Saigal was able to make breakthroughs across multiple genres at a time when no promoters or agencies were ready to take risks with non-mainstream artists. RSJ started booking artists that had never been booked in India before like Modeselektor (electronica producers from Germany), Meshuggah (metal band from Sweden), Jaga Jazzist (experimental jazz band from Norway), Freak Kitchen (heavy metal band from Sweden), Lemaitre (electronica producers from Norway), Dub Inc. (reggae/dub band from France), Shawn Lane (guitar virtuoso from USA), John Myung from the legendary US [[progressive metal]] band Dream Theater and Tesseract (progressive metal band from UK). This new range of programming new artists debuting in India enabled Saigal and RSJ to become tastemakers while creating new audiences in the world of live music venues & festivals across the country. It was a game changing moment.

Amit Saigal and his brand RSJ gained national & international presence and with their experience in music business spanning over 25 years and created a thriving independent music community of musicians, artists and music business professionals. This also earned him a popular nickname being called as "Papa Rock". His contribution is unprecedented and considered as the reason for everything that music lovers know about Indian independent music today. RSJ's goodwill exists wide and the brand is especially known for their iconic music festivals like GIR, IMW and more importantly for being the first ever indie music magazine that a large generation accepted and subscribed until the digital world took over. RSJ has an active website promoting artists with Amit Saigal's vision even today.

<ref name=" Amit death news " />

==Death==
On 5 January 2012, while on vacation, Saigal and his friends had gone for a swim after anchoring his sailboat off Bogmalo beach in [[Goa]]. Saigal reportedly drowned for unknown reasons. By the time lifeguards could reach him, he was already dead.<ref name=" Amit death news " />

==See also==
*[[Rock music]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://rsjonline.com/ Rock Street Journal]

{{Portal bar|Rock music}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saigal, Amit}}
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:Deaths by drowning in India]]
[[Category:Indian magazine founders]]
[[Category:Indian rock musicians]]
[[Category:Musicians from Prayagraj]]
[[Category:Impresarios]]
[[Category:Indian publishers (people)]]
[[Category:Magazine publishers (people)]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian musicians]]

Kinnara School of Music

2025-10-20T02:31:44Z

Digitalcreator: put up the entry initial version

{{Short description|Music school in Maharastra}}
The '''Kinnara School of Music''' was a [[music school]] founded in [[Mumbai]], India, in 1962 by Indian classical musician [[Ravi Shankar]]. With his increased popularity and influence in the West, he opened a second branch of the school at 8718 West 3rd Street in Los Angeles in May 1967.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Diehl |first=Digby |date=May 21, 1962 |title=Raga is the Rage with Ravi |url=https://www-newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times/67565652/ |access-date=May 7, 2024 |work=The Los Angeles Times |pages=573}}</ref><ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/dec/12/ravi-shankar-classic-interview "Ravi Shankar: 'Our music is sacred' – a classic interview from the vaults"] (12 December 2012). [[The Guardian|theguardian.com]]. Retrieved 21 July 2017.</ref>{{sfn|Shankar|2007|pp=97–98}} Shankar's concept for Kinnara was to further the strict [[guru–shishya tradition]] of musical education that he had experienced under his teacher, [[Allauddin Khan]], in the 1940s. The Mumbai centre staged productions of orchestral works by Shankar, including ''Nava Rasa Ranga''.{{sfn|Shankar|1999|pp=171–72}}

Due to Shankar's busy international schedule of concerts and recording, everyday tuition at Kinnara was delegated to protégés such as [[Shambhu Das]] and Amiyo Das Gupta.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-sitar-legend-ustad-shamim-ahmed-khan-passes-away-1650175 |first=Yogesh|last=Pawar|title=Sitar legend Ustad Shamim Ahmed Khan passes away|newspaper=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=14 February 2012|access-date=21 July 2017}}</ref> Among the students at Kinnara was [[Beatles]] guitarist [[George Harrison]], who received [[sitar]] tuition from Shankar and Shambhu Das in Mumbai in late 1966.{{sfn|Shankar|1999|pp=192–93}}<ref>{{cite news|first=Geoffrey|last=Clarfield|title=Good enough to teach the Beatles, but not to record|url=https://nationalpost.com/full-comment/geoffrey-clarfield-good-enough-to-teach-the-beatles-but-not-to-record |newspaper=[[National Post]]|date=15 November 2010|access-date=31 May 2017}}</ref> During a visit to London that year, Shankar said that, given the widespread fascination for Indian music at the time, he was concerned that "people who don't really understand the sitar will cash in on the sudden interest" by offering newcomers lessons on the instrument. Shankar added that he would consider opening a school in the UK, where his most advanced students could teach, but only if he was sure that the interest there was genuine.<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Bob|last=Houston|title=''Melody Maker'', June 11|magazine=The History of Rock|date=2015|orig-year=11 June 1966|page=59}}</ref>

Harrison attracted publicity for the Los Angeles school when he and Shankar gave a press conference there in August 1967,<ref>{{cite news|last=Fong-Torres|first=Ben|title=George Harrison: Harrison in the Haight|newspaper=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|date=2 December 2001}} Available at [http://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/george-harrison-harrison-in-the-haight Rock's Backpages] (subscription required).</ref> which helped promote Shankar's upcoming concert at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Kubernik|2017|p=165}}<ref>{{cite magazine|author=KRLA Beat staff|title=Beatle Meets Stateside Press|magazine=[[KRLA Beat]]|date=9 September 1967|page=5|url=http://krlabeat.sakionline.net/issue/9sept67.pdf|access-date=22 July 2017}}</ref> Other students attending the Los Angeles centre included [[Robby Krieger]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/robby-krieger-mn0000275991/biography |first=Greg|last=Prato|title=Robby Krieger|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=21 July 2017}}</ref> and [[John Densmore]] of [[the Doors]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cavehollywood.com/ravi-shankar-a-life-in-music-exhibit-at-the-grammy-museum-may-2015-spring-2016/ |first=Harvey|last=Kubernik|title=Ravi Shankar: A Life In Music Exhibit at the Grammy Museum May 2015–Spring 2016|publisher=Cave Hollywood|date=16 June 2015|access-date=21 July 2017}}</ref> and American musicians [[Russ Titelman]]<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qQkEAAAAMBAJ&dq=Ravi+Shankar&pg=PA47 |first=Timothy|last=White|title='Please Don't Wake Me' – Russ Titelman 35th Anniversary Salute|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=22 June 1996|page=47|access-date=21 July 2017}}</ref> and [[Colin Walcott]].{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|pp=110, 425}}{{sfn|Shankar|1999|p=210}} Scenes filmed at both the Mumbai and Los Angeles schools over 1967–68 appeared in Howard Worth's 1971 documentary on Shankar, titled ''[[Raga (film)|Raga]]''.{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|p=184}}

[[File:Ustad Alauddin Khan.jpg|thumb|left|110px|Shankar's teacher, or [[guru]], [[Allauddin Khan]]]]
Shankar viewed the Los Angeles centre as a base from which he could also educate the American public about Indian music.{{sfn|Baugess|DeBolt|2012|p=595}} When opening the school there, he emphasised the need to recognise the sacred aspect of Indian classical music,<ref>{{cite magazine|author=KRLA Beat staff|title=My Music Not For Addicts' – Shankar|magazine=[[KRLA Beat]]|date=29 July 1967|page=10}} Available at [http://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/ravi-shankar-my-music-not-for-addicts Rock's Backpages] (subscription required).</ref> which was defined by Allauddin Khan's phrase "Nada Brahma" ("Sound is God").{{sfn|Shankar|2007|pp=65, 100, 102, 105}} He subsequently became disappointed with the impatience and lack of focus displayed by the majority of his Western students.{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|p=425}} He said that in many cases, as with his concert audiences in the United States,{{sfn|Baugess|DeBolt|2012|pp=595–96}} their motives were based on the misconception that Indian music was allied with the hippie movement's espousal of hallucinogenic drugs and free love.{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|p=425}}{{sfn|Shankar|2007|p=103}} Shankar identified Colin Walcott as an exception, calling him "really serious" and "my first American disciple".{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|p=425}} He also said of Harrison, despite the Beatle eventually relinquishing the sitar:{{sfn|Baugess|DeBolt|2012|pp=596}} "[Indian music] was not a fad for him, he loved it until the end and became very very dear to me."<ref name="Reflections">{{cite web|url=http://www.ravishankar.org/reflections.html |title=Reflections" > "Excerpts from a conversation between Raviji and Satish and Shashi Vyas, June 2007| publisher=The Ravi Shankar Foundation |date=7 December 2013 |access-date=21 July 2017}}</ref>

[[File:Partho Sarothy with Ravi Shankar.jpg|thumb|170px|right|Shankar with one of his students, [[sarod|sarodi]]ya Partho Sarothy, in January 1985]]
Along with his students and protégés from India,<ref name="Reflections" /> including Das Gupta, [[Shamim Ahmed Khan|Shamim Ahmed]] and Taranath Rao, Walcott was one of the musicians Shankar selected for his 1968 [[Ravi Shankar's Festival from India|Festival from India]] orchestra.{{sfn|Shankar|1999|pp=113, 203}} Walcott also contributed to Shankar's ''Raga'' film soundtrack;<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Jeff|last=Kaliss|url=http://eastmeetswestmusic.com/files/songlinesreview.jpg |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102084333/http://eastmeetswestmusic.com/files/songlinesreview.jpg |title=Ravi Shankar ''Raga: A Film Journey into the Soul of India''|magazine=[[Songlines (magazine)|Songlines]]|date=26 November 2010|archive-date=2 November 2014|access-date=21 July 2017|page=85}}</ref> titled "Frenzy and Distortion", his piece combined Western and Indian sounds, and evoked the clash of cultures and ideology that Shankar experienced during the height of his popularity in the West.{{sfn|Shankar|1999|pp=210–11}}{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|p=426}} Some of the musicians who participated in the Festival from India project stayed on to teach at Kinnara.{{sfn|Shankar|1999|p=204}}

By 1969, Shankar was disillusioned with the Los Angeles school and entrusted its running to Das Gupta.{{sfn|Lavezzoli|2006|p=425}} Shankar continued to tutor Western musicians, having previously held temporary positions at the [[City College of New York]] and the [[University of California, Los Angeles]], and having been a guest lecturer at other colleges and universities, including the [[Ali Akbar College of Music]].{{sfn|Ghosh|1983|pp=56–57}} In October 1970, Shankar became chair of the department of Indian music at the [[California Institute of the Arts]].{{sfn|Ghosh|1983|p=57}} Later, he focused on teaching sitar to his daughter [[Anoushka Shankar]], applying the traditional guru–shishya principles to her musical education.{{sfn|Shankar|1999|pp=281–83}} Among other educational projects, he founded the Ravi Shankar Institute of Music and the Performing Arts in New Delhi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thequietus.com/articles/10956-ravi-shankar-dies-aged-92 |first=Laurie|last=Tuffrie|title=Ravi Shankar Dies Aged 92|website=[[The Quietus]]|date=12 December 2012|access-date=21 July 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|20em}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|first1=James S.|last1=Baugess|first2=Abbe Allen (eds)|last2=DeBolt |title=Encyclopedia of the Sixties: A Decade of Culture and Counterculture|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Santa Barbara, CA|year=2012|isbn=978-0-313-32944-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Ghosh|first=Dibyendu|title=The Great Shankars|year=1983|publisher=Agee Prakashani|location=Kolkata| oclc=15483971}}
*{{cite book|first=Harvey|last=Kubernik|title=1967: A Complete Rock Music History of the Summer of Love|publisher=Sterling|location=New York, NY|year=2017|isbn=978-1-4549-2052-6}}
* {{cite book|last=Lavezzoli|first=Peter|title=The Dawn of Indian Music in the West|publisher=Continuum|location=New York, NY|year=2006|isbn=0-8264-2819-3}}
* {{cite book|author=Rough Guides| title=World Music: The Rough Guide (Volume 2: Latin and North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific) |year=2000 |location=London |publisher=Rough Guides/Penguin |isbn=1-85828-636-0}}
* {{cite book|first=Ravi |last=Shankar |title=My Music, My Life ''(updated edn)'' |publisher=Mandala Publishing |location=San Rafael, CA |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-60109-005-8}}
* {{cite book|first=Ravi|last=Shankar|title=Raga Mala: The Autobiography of Ravi Shankar|publisher=Welcome Rain|location=New York, NY|year=1999|isbn=1-56649-104-5|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/ragamalaautobiog00shan}}
{{refend}}

{{Ravi Shankar}}
{{Coord|34.0735|-118.3822|display=title}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Music schools in India]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1962]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in California]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Ravi Shankar]]

Lists of mosques

2025-10-11T06:11:06Z

Digitalcreator: started details.

{{Short description|None}}
'''Lists of mosques''' cover [[mosque]]s, places of worship for Muslims. These lists are primarily arranged by continent, with the exception of lists for the largest, tallest, and oldest mosques.

==Asia==
*[[List of mosques in Asia]]
** [[List of mosques in Afghanistan]]
** [[List of mosques in Armenia]]
** [[List of mosques in Azerbaijan]]
** [[List of mosques in Bahrain]]
** [[List of mosques in Bangladesh]]
** [[List of mosques in Brunei]]
** [[List of mosques in Cambodia]]
** [[List of mosques in China]]
*** [[List of mosques in Hong Kong]]
** [[List of mosques in Cyprus]]
** [[List of mosques in India]]
*** [[List of mosques in Kerala]]
*** [[List of mosques in Jammu and Kashmir]]
** [[List of mosques in Indonesia]]
** [[List of mosques in Iran]]
** [[List of mosques in Iraq]]
** [[List of mosques in Israel]]
** [[List of mosques in Japan]]
** [[List of mosques in Jordan]]
** [[List of mosques in Kazakhstan]]
** [[List of mosques in Kyrgyzstan]]
** [[List of mosques in Kuwait]]
** [[List of mosques in Laos]]
** [[List of mosques in Lebanon]]
** [[List of mosques in Malaysia]]
** [[List of mosques in the Maldives]]
** [[List of mosques in Nepal]]
** [[List of mosques in North Korea]]
** [[List of mosques in Oman]]
** [[List of mosques in Pakistan]]
** [[List of mosques in Palestine]]
** [[List of mosques in the Philippines]]
** [[List of mosques in Qatar]]
** [[List of mosques in Saudi Arabia]]
** [[List of mosques in Singapore]]
** [[List of mosques in South Korea]]
** [[List of mosques in Sri Lanka]]
** [[List of mosques in Syria]]
** [[List of mosques in Taiwan]]
** [[List of mosques in Tajikistan]]
** [[List of mosques in Thailand]]
** [[List of mosques in Turkey]]
** [[List of mosques in Turkmenistan]]
** [[List of mosques in the United Arab Emirates]]
** [[List of mosques in Uzbekistan]]
** [[List of mosques in Vietnam]]
** [[List of mosques in Yemen]]

==Africa==
*[[List of mosques in Africa]]
**[[List of mosques in Algeria]]
**[[List of mosques in Benin]]
**[[List of mosques in Cameroon]]
**[[List of mosques in Djibouti]]
**[[List of mosques in Egypt]]
**[[List of mosques in Ghana]]
**[[List of mosques in Guinea]]
**[[Sudanese style mosques in northern Côte d'Ivoire|List of mosques in Ivory Coast]]
**[[List of mosques in Kenya]]
**[[List of mosques in Libya]]
**[[List of mosques in Mali]]
**[[List of mosques in Mauritania]]
**[[List of mosques in Morocco]]
**[[List of mosques in Niger]]
**[[List of mosques in Nigeria]]
**[[List of mosques in Senegal]]
**[[List of mosques in Sierra Leone]]
**[[List of mosques in Somalia]]
**[[List of mosques in South Africa]]
**[[List of mosques in Tanzania]]
**[[List of mosques in Tunisia]]

== Americas ==
*[[Lists of mosques in North America]]
**[[List of mosques in Canada]]
***[[List of mosques in Ottawa–Gatineau]]
**[[List of mosques in Mexico]]
**[[List of mosques in Puerto Rico]]
**[[List of mosques in the United States]]
*[[List of mosques in South America]]
**[[List of mosques in Argentina]]
**[[List of mosques in Brazil]]
**[[List of mosques in Paraguay]]

==Europe==
*[[List of mosques in Europe]]
**[[List of mosques in Albania]]
**[[List of mosques in Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
**[[List of mosques in Bulgaria]]
**[[List of mosques in France]]
**[[List of mosques in Germany]]
**[[List of mosques in Georgia (country)|List of mosques in Georgia]]
**[[List of mosques in Greece]]
***[[List of former mosques in Greece]]
**[[List of mosques in Hungary]]
**[[List of mosques in Luxembourg]]
**[[List of mosques in the Netherlands]]
**[[List of mosques in Russia]]
**[[List of mosques in Scandinavia]] (Denmark, Sweden, and Norway)
**[[List of mosques in Spain]]
**[[List of mosques in Turkey]]
**[[List of mosques in the United Kingdom]]
***[[List of mosques in Scotland]]

== Oceania ==
*[[List of mosques in Oceania]]
**[[List of mosques in Australia]]

==Miscellaneous==
* [[List of largest mosques]]
* [[List of tallest mosques]]
* [[List of the oldest mosques]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
{{reflist|group=note}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== See also ==
* [[Holiest sites in Islam]]

{{Characters and names in the Quran}}
{{List of mosques}}
{{list of lists| religious building}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mosques}}
[[Category:Lists of mosques| ]]

Hemidactylus whitakeri

2025-09-28T07:43:13Z

Digitalcreator: put up first page needs work

{{short description|Species of house gecko}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =Whitaker’s Termite Hill Gecko imported from iNaturalist photo 140423827 on 5 June 2024.jpg
| image_caption = From [[Nandi Hills, India|Nandi Hills]], [[Karnataka]], India.
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hemidactylus whitakeri {{!}} IUCN RedList |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/149353398/149353423 |website=iucnredlist.org}}</ref>
| genus = Hemidactylus
| species = whitakeri
| authority = Mirza, Gowande, Patil, Ambekar, & Patel, 2018
}}

'''''Hemidactylus whitakeri''''', also known as '''Whitaker's termite hill gecko''', is a species of [[house gecko]] from [[India]].<ref name=RDB>{{NRDB species|genus=Hemidactylus |species=whitakeri|accessdate=15 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=ZA |first1=Mirzan |last2=GG |first2=Gowande |last3=R |first3=Patil |last4=M |first4=Ambekar |last5=H |first5=Patel |title=First appearance deceives many: disentangling the Hemidactylus triedrus species complex using an integrated approach. |journal= PeerJ|date=2018-08-02 |volume=6 |article-number=e5341 |doi=10.7717/peerj.5341 |pmid=30083464 |pmc=6076986 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q63951889}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hemidactylus whitakeri}}
[[Category:Hemidactylus]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 2018]]
[[Category:Reptiles of India]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of India]]

{{Hemidactylus-stub}}

James Turner Cummins

2025-09-16T01:18:05Z

Digitalcreator: basic updated information as per guidelines also and added references

{{short description|British army officer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2021}}
[[Major-general (United Kingdom)|Major-General]] '''James Turner Cummins''' [[Order of the Bath|CB]] [[Distinguished Service Order|DSO]] (12 October 1843 – 24 October 1912) was a British military officer who served in the [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]].

He was born in [[Cork (city)|Cork]], [[Ireland]], in 1842, the son of Nicholas Cummins. He was educated at [[Cheltenham College]] and at [[Addiscombe Military Seminary]]. On passing out at Addiscombe in 1861 he was commissioned into the [[Madras Army]]. He was promoted to captain in 1873. In 1875, Cummins transferred to the Madras Staff Corps and served in the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]] between 1878 and 1880.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/indianbiographic00raoc#page/108/mode/2up/search/cummins|title=James Turner Cummins|website=Archive.org|year=1915 }}</ref> He thereafter served in the [[Anglo-Egyptian War]] of 1882 and was made a major in 1883. In 1885, he took part in the [[Suakin Expedition]] and the [[Third Anglo-Burmese War]], where he was mentioned in dispatches twice. Following this he was appointed Assistant Adjutant-General to the Madras Force and became a lieutenant colonel in 1887 and colonel in 1894. Between 1895 and 1900 he was placed in command of a 2nd class district. During the [[Boxer Rebellion]] in [[China]] in 1900 he commanded the 4th Infantry Brigade, which was mentioned in dispatches.<ref>''The Sphere: An Illustrated Newspaper for the Home'', Volume 2, 1900, p.382</ref> He was made a [[Order of the Bath|Companion of the Bath]] in 1901 and in 1903 he retired from service and returned to England. The following year he was appointed the honorary position of colonel of the [[9th Deccan Horse|30th Lancers (Gordon's Horse)]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/indianbiographic00raoc#page/108/mode/2up/search/cummins|title=James Turner Cummins|website=Archive.org|year=1915 }}</ref> He lived his later years in London, where he died in 1912. He married Louisa Dunman in 1869 and had three sons.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cummins, James Turner}}
[[Category:British East India Company Army officers]]
[[Category:1843 births]]
[[Category:1912 deaths]]
[[Category:Graduates of Addiscombe Military Seminary]]
[[Category:British Indian Army generals]]
[[Category:People educated at Cheltenham College]]
[[Category:Military personnel from County Cork]]
[[Category:Madras Staff Corps officers]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Second Anglo-Afghan War]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Anglo-Egyptian War]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Third Anglo-Burmese War]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Mahdist War]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Boxer Rebellion]]
[[Category:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order]]

T. K. Raja

2025-09-13T22:19:56Z

Digitalcreator: correct information per standard format

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
'''T. K. Raja''' is an Indian politician and incumbent [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. He was elected to the [[Tamil Nadu legislative assembly]] from [[Tiruppattur (41) (State Assembly Constituency)|Tiruppattur constituency]] as a [[Pattali Makkal Katchi]] candidate in [[2001 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|2001]], and [[2006 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|2006 elections]]. He is the uncle of International Leader Mrs. Kavitha Dhandapani <ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf 2001 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf 2006 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India].Also he has been declared as candidate for 2021 Election from AIADMK Alliance.</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raja, T. K.}}
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2001–2006]]
[[Category:Politicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2006–2011]]

{{TamilNadu-politician-stub}}

Master Vithal

2025-08-27T23:08:09Z

Digitalcreator: Starting

{{Short description|Indian actor (1906–1969)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Master Vithal
| image = Master Vithal and Zubeida in Alam Ara, 1931.jpg
| imagesize = 200px
| caption = Master Vithal and [[Zubeida]] in ''[[Alam Ara]]'' (1931)
| birth_date ={{birth date text|1906}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|1969|1906|df=y}}
| death_place =
| birth_name =
| occupation = actor
| yearsactive =
| spouse =
| children =
| awards =
}}

[[File:AlamAraStill.jpg|thumb|right|235px|[[Alam Ara]] (1931)]]
'''Master Vithal''' or '''Vithal''' (1906–1969) was an actor in [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]], best known as the hero of India's first talkie ''[[Alam Ara]]'' (1931) and of [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and [[Hindi]] silent stunt films ([[silent film]]s had cue cards in a particular language), which gave him the epithet as the [[Douglas Fairbanks]] of India.

Vithal started his film career in Marathi films in 1924 and worked as a film technician and dancer. He was cast as the male lead in ''Ratan Manjari'' (1926) and followed with the swashbuckling roles of many silent stunt films and became a very popular actor. Though he was the male lead of ''Alam Ara'', he hardly had any dialogue due to poor Hindi diction. He returned to silent films and then to talkie Marathi films from 1932 till his last film in 1966. He also directed two films and gave music score to one film. He acted in more than 90 films during his career of 42 years from 1924 to 1966.<ref name=Data/>

==Pre 1930 career==
Master Vithal's début was on the stage as a child artist with ''Raja Pur Ka Natak Mandali''. He then started his career as a film editor with the film company in Maharashtra Films, [[Kolhapur]] which was owned by [[Baburao Painter]]. His first film role was as a female dancer in ''[[Kalyan Khajina]]'', the silent era film directed by Painter. He continued to work as film editor and a dancer and played minor roles in films. His first break as a male lead was in the film ''[[Ratan Manjari]]'' (1926) produced by Sharda Studios whom he had joined earlier in 1925. After that, he was a permanent fixture in the role of a hero and he was the star attraction of the Sharda Studios, owned by Nanubhai Desai, Anand Prasad Kapoor and Harshadrai Mehta. Nanubhai Desai was the studio founder and director of many stunt films produced by the company in which Vithal appeared in swashbuckling roles with [[Zubunissa (actress)|Zebunissa]] as his heroine. A professional wrestler,<ref name="KaurSinha2005">{{cite book|author1=Raminder Kaur|author2=Ajay J Sinha|title=Bollyworld: Popular Indian Cinema Through A Transnational Lens|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4bJz7s9h4WAC&pg=PA25|accessdate=7 April 2013|date=13 July 2005|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-0-7619-3320-5|pages=25}}</ref> he became a very popular fearless hero acting in films in historical themes related to [[Rajasthan]] and Maharashtra; thus giving him the title "the Indian [[Douglas Fairbanks]]", a title Vithal hated.<ref name="Ganti2012">{{cite book|author=Tejaswini Ganti|title=Producing Bollywood: Inside the Contemporary Hindi Film Industry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hb83FwNGuR4C&pg=PA14|accessdate=7 April 2013|date=7 March 2012|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-5213-6|pages=14}}</ref> Audience adored him in his stunt hero role, which became his "forte".<ref name=Debut>{{Cite web|url=http://indiaheritage.org/perform/cinema/person/silentstar.htm|title=Silent Screen Stars|work=Master Vithal (-1969)|accessdate=7 April 2013|publisher=A Living Portrait -India Heritage Organization}}</ref> By 1930, he was the highest paid male star in Indian cinema industry.<ref name="GulazāraNihalani2003"/>

==Post 1930 career==
In 1930, Vithal's popularity in Marathi films attracted [[Ardeshir Irani]] of Imperial Film Company to invite him to join his company to make India's first talkie, though [[Mehboob Khan]] was also vying for the role. Vithal, who was quite excited by Irani's offer, accepted and moved to Irani's newly formed film company Sagar Studios in Bombay, breaking his contract with Sharda Studios.<ref name=Cine/> Sharda Studios sued him and he was defended by the lawyer [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], who would later become the founder of [[Pakistan]]. Vithal won the case. The following year, Vithal played the hero in the first Indian talkie ''[[Alam Ara]]'' with [[Zubeida]] as the female lead.<ref name=Debut/><ref name=Cine/><ref name=Talk>{{cite journal|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?281007|title=The Ghost Who Talked|date=4 June 2012|accessdate=7 April 2013|publisher=Outlook Online.com}}</ref> ''Alam Ara'' was also the first film in which music was introduced, as many as ten music scores were part of the film. As his Hindi diction was poor, he could not deliver the dialogues properly; his acting quality in histrionic roles was also questioned. He was thus shown mostly in a state of trans or semi consciousness in the film and hardly had any dialogue.<ref name="IndiaDivision1998">{{cite book|author1=National Film Development Corporation of India|author2=India. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Publications Division|title=Indian cinema: a visual voyage|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9uJkAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=7 April 2013|year=1998|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India|isbn=978-81-230-0646-8|pages=40}}</ref> It is said that Vithal could not adopt himself to the new genre of talking-singing films in Hindi as he was "reduced to a hero who is ''(was)'' magically stuck dumb in ''Alam Ara''."<ref name="GulazāraNihalani2003">{{cite book|author1=Gulazāra|author2=Govind Nihalani|author3=Saibal Chatterjee|title=Encyclopaedia Of Hindi Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8vN9A14nkC&pg=PT661|accessdate=7 April 2013|year=2003|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7991-066-5|pages=43, 253, 637}}</ref> His talkie debut ended without any demand for his acting roles in Hindi films. In 1932, he switched back to silent films, which were no more in flavour.<ref name=Cine>{{Cite web|url=http://cineplot.com/master-vithal-d-1969/|title=Master Vithal (d. 1969)|accessdate=7 April 2013|publisher= Cineplot.com}}</ref> The talkies led to his decline in Hindi films; Vithal would never get a major role in Hindi films again.<ref name="GulazāraNihalani2003"/> From 1934 onward, he switched back to Marathi films realizing his limitations. From the 1940s onward, he regularly appeared in films by [[Bhalji Pendharkar]] and those featuring [[Lalita Pawar]] and [[Durga Khote]]. He also played in a side role in the 1944 blockbuster film ''[[Ramshastri (1944 film)|Ramshastri]]''.<ref name=Debut/> Towards the end, he played only minor roles in Marathi films; his last film appearance was in 1966.<ref name=Data/><ref name=Talk/>

In 1933, Master Vithal introduced the concept of double role in Hindi talkie cinema by his directorial début ''Raja'' (in Marathi) and ''[[Awara Shahzada]]'' (Hindi), in which the role of a prince and a pauper was played by [[Shahu Modak]], whereas Vithal played his first double role in the silent film ''Raj Tarang'' (1928).<ref name="GulazāraNihalani2003"/><ref name="NarwekarKul1995">{{cite book|author1=Sanjit Narwekar|author2=Raghuvir Kul|author3=D. B. Samant |title=Marathi Cinema: in retrospect|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nORkAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=7 April 2013|year=1995|publisher=Maharashtra Film, Stage & Cultural Development Corp.|pages=52}}</ref>

==Films==
Master Vithal acted in more than 90 films, directed two films (''[[Swarajyacha Shiledar]]'' and ''[[Awara Shahzada]]''), and composed music for only one film, (''Kashmir Ki Kali''). The list of his movies, in the descending order of their release, has the following names.<ref name=Data>{{Cite web|url=http://www.citwf.com/detailPerson.asp?personID=427993&sortOn=YEAR&sortBy=UP|title=Master Vithal (?–1969)|accessdate=7 April 2013|publisher=CITWF}}</ref>
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
* ''Sheras Savva Sher'' (1966)
* ''Shodha Mhanje Sapdel'' (1966)
* ''Sadhi Manse'' (1965)
* ''Vavtal'' (1965)
* ''Mohityanchi Manjula'' (1963)
* ''Vanakesari'' (1960)
* ''Akashganga'' (1959)
* ''Matevin Bal'' (1958)
* ''Naikinicha Sazza'' (1957)
* ''Pavankhind'' (1956)
* ''Tai Teleen'' (1953)
* ''Vaadal'' (1953)
* ''[[Chhatrapati Shivaji (1952 film)|Chhatrapati Shivaji]]'' (1952)
* ''Mard Maratha'' (1952)
* ''Mayecha Pazhar'' (1952)
* ''Narveer Tanaji'' (1952)
* ''Swarajyacha Shiledar'' (1951)
* ''Shilanganache Sone'' (1950)
* ''Vikram Shashikala'' (1949)
* ''Garibanche Rajya'' (1948)
* ''Jai Bhawani'' (1947)
* ''[[Jadugar]]'' (1946)
* ''Kashmir Ki Kali'' (1946)
* ''[[Rukmini Swayamvar]]'' (1946)
* ''Sasurvaas'' (1946)
* ''Nagma-E-Sahra'' (1945)
* ''Pannadai'' (1945)
* ''[[Ramshastri (1944 film)|Ramshastri]]'' (1944)
* ''Bahirji Naik'' (1943)
* ''Soonbai'' (1942)
* ''[[Amrit (1941 film)|Amrit]]'' (1941) as Vilas
* ''Jagat Mohini'' (1940)
* ''Mohini'' (1940)
* ''Netaji Palkar'' (1939)
* ''Asiai Sitara'' (1937)
* ''[[Hind Mahila]]'' (1936)
* ''Raj Tarang'' (1935)
* ''Rangila Nawab'' (1935)
* ''Bhedi Rajkumar'' (1934)
* ''[[Chhatrapati Sambhaji (1934 film)|Chhatrapati Sambhaji]]'' (1934)
* ''Burkhewala'' (1932)
* ''Kalo Bhoot'' (1932)
* ''Zalim Jawani'' (1932) as Pratap
* ''Alam Ara'' (1931) as Adil
* ''Anangsena'' (1931)
* ''Daulat Ka Nasha'' (1931)
* ''Dilawar'' (1931)
* ''Gulam'' (1931)
* ''Hoor-E-Misar'' (1931)
* ''Meri Jaan'' (1931)
* ''Arunodaya'' (1930)
* ''Dav Pech'' (1930)
* ''Josh-E-Jawani'' (1930)
* ''Veer Na Ver'' (1930)
* ''Bhedi Sawar'' (1929)
* ''Chirage Kohistan'' (1929)
* ''Mirza Sahiban'' (1929)
* ''Nishan Danka'' (1929)
* ''Ranghelo Rajput'' (1929)
* ''Rank Nu Ratan'' (1929)
* ''Gul Badan'' (1928)
* ''Heer Sundari'' (1928)
* ''Kanak Kanta'' (1928)
* ''Karuna Kumari'' (1928)
* ''Raj Tarang'' (1928)
* ''Sassi Punnu'' (1928)
* ''Saundarya Sura''(1928)
* ''Sohni Mahiwal'' (1927/II)
* ''Asuri Lalsa'' (1927)
* ''[[Balidan]]'' (1927)
* ''Bansari Bala'' (1927)
* ''Bhedi Trishul'' (1927)
* ''Jaan-e-alam Anjuman Ara'' (1927)
* ''Kala Pahad''
* ''Mahasati Ansuya''
* ''Shiraz-Ud-Dowla'' (1927)
* ''Swadesh Seva'' (1927)
* ''Vande Mataram Ashram'' (1927)
* ''Veer Garjana'' (1927)
* ''Gunial Gulab'' (1926)
* ''Madan Kala'' (1926)
* ''Ratan Manjari'' (1926)
* ''Suvarna Kamal'' (1926)
* ''Vasant Bala'' (1926)
* ''Bajirao Mastani'' (1925)
* ''[[Kalyan Khajina]]'' (1924) as a dancing girl
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|0900010}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vithal, Master}}
[[Category:Male actors in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male silent film actors]]
[[Category:1969 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male child actors]]
[[Category:1906 births]]

Pathala Ponniamman Temple

2025-08-15T04:04:02Z

Digitalcreator: Starting A Place

{{short description|Amman Temple in Chennai district, Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=October 2022}}
{{Notability|date=January 2024}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox temple
| name = Pathala Ponniamman Temple
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type =
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|13|04|52.4|N|80|14|56.1|E|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Chennai]]
| location = [[Kilpauk]]
| elevation_m = 33
| deity =
| architecture =
| website = hrce.tn.gov.in
}}

'''Pathala Ponniamman Temple''' is an [[Mariamman|Amman]] temple located in the neighbourhood of [[Kilpauk]] in [[Chennai district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]] in [[India]]. This temple is under the control of [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arulmigu Pathala Ponniamman Temple, Kilpauk, Chennai - 600010, Chennai District [TM000272]., Pathalaponniamman, Pathalaponniamman |url=https://hrce.tn.gov.in/hrcehome/index_temple.php?tid=272 |access-date=2022-10-18 |website=hrce.tn.gov.in}}</ref> Since the temple is located near the border of [[Purasawalkam]] and [[Kilpauk]], it is also called as 'Purasawalkam Pathala Ponniamman temple'. This temple's main deity goddess is the 'family deity' of about one lakh families of Chennai and its surrounding areas. Mostly women deities dominate worshipping this temple. 'Thirukkaappu pooja' is performed here at this temple daily in between 6:15 a.m. and 6:45 a.m.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arulmigu Pathala Ponniamman Temple, Kilpauk, Chennai - 600010, Chennai District [TM000272]., Pathalaponniamman, Pathalaponniamman |url=https://hrce.tn.gov.in/hrcehome/index_temple.php?tid=272&action=pooja_info |access-date=2022-10-18 |website=hrce.tn.gov.in}}</ref>

== Beneficial neighbourhoods ==
[[Kilpauk]], [[Purasawalkam]], [[Kellys]], [[Egmore]], [[Chetpet (Chennai)|Chetpet]], [[Ayanavaram]], [[Otteri]] are some of the neighbourhoods benefited by this temple.

== Temple history ==
Chennappa Nayak belonging to [[Vijayanagara Empire]] ruled Madras (nowadays called as 'Chennai') 350 years ago. During his reign, the British, who had come here to do businesses, acquired land in the Purasawalkam area (nowadays 'Kilpauk area') on lease, for the purpose of agriculture. The area was filled with mango trees and flowering plants. For irrigation, needed plenty of water. So, the British officials ordered to dig a well as a source of water. During digging below a depth of about 30 feet, a big stone of obstacle was found. While removing it from the underground, it was found as a stone image of a deity goddess and also found along with it was an idol of deity goddess, made of 'Panchloha' (five metals). People surrounding that area worshipped the two, performed poojas, abhisheks, aradhanas, etc. Later, the stone image was established and consecrated as the main deity goddess with the name 'Pathala Ponniamman' and the Panchloha idol as the utsav deity goddess as 'Utsav Pathala Ponniamman'.<ref>{{Cite news |last=மலர் |first=மாலை |date=2021-11-29 |title=பாதாள பொன்னியம்மன் கோவில்- புரசைவாக்கம் |language=ta |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/devotional/temples/2021/11/29134709/3239931/Pathala-Ponniamman-Temple.vpf |access-date=2022-10-18}}</ref>

== Other deities ==
Maha Vishnu, Shiva, Parvathi, Natarajar, Dakshinamurthy, Vinayagar, Brahma, Durga, Narthaba Ganapathy, Murugan, Hanuman, Navagrahas, Kaala Bhairava, Naagars, Annanmaar and seven soldiers named as 'Parivaar deities' are the other important deities found in this temple.

== Religious tour ==
[[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] along with [[Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation]] arranged tours to visit Amman temples in Chennai and its surrounding areas, in the Tamil month of 'Aadi',<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dinakaran.com/news_detail.asp?Nid=784802 |title=ஆன்மிக பயணிகள் பயன்பெறும் வகையில் ஆடி அம்மன் தொகுப்பு சுற்றுலா: தமிழக அரசு ஏற்பாடு |website=www.dinakaran.com |language=ta |access-date=2022-10-18 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> in two packages, from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. Out of these two, one package includes a fee of ₹700, with a fast special darshan, Prashad and lunch.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.toptamilnews.com/thamizhagam/Aadi-Amman-Spiritual-Tourism-Package-Tamil-Nadu-Government/cid8086391.htm |title=ஆடி அம்மன் ஆன்மீக சுற்றுலா தொகுப்பு - தமிழக அரசு அறிவிப்பு.. |date=2022-07-21 |website=www.toptamilnews.com |language=ta |access-date=2022-10-18}}</ref> In this package, is planned to visit 10 temples including 'Pathala Ponniamman Temple' at Kilpauk.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/tamilnadu/829682-amman-temple-package-tour.html |title=ஆடி மாதத்தை முன்னிட்டு அம்மன் கோயில் ஒருநாள் தொகுப்பு சுற்றுலா: சென்னையில் சுற்றுலா வளர்ச்சிக் கழகம் ஏற்பாடு |website=Hindu Tamil Thisai |language=ta |access-date=2022-10-18}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Chennai]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Chennai district]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Tamil Nadu]]

Indu Malhotra

2025-08-06T16:18:57Z

Digitalcreator:

{{Short description|Indian judge (born 1956)}}
{{BLP sources|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Indu Malhotra
| image = File:Justice_Indu_Malhotra.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| office = Judge of the [[Supreme Court of India]]
| term_start = 27 April 2018<ref>{{Cite news|title=Indu Malhotra Takes Oath As Supreme Court Judge Amid Row Over Appointments |date=27 April 2018 |newspaper=NDTV |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/indu-malhotra-to-be-sworn-in-as-supreme-courts-seventh-woman-judge-since-independence-1843592 }}</ref>
| term_end = 13 March 2021
| nominator = [[Dipak Misra]]
| appointer = [[Ram Nath Kovind]]
| successor =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1956|3|14}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/meet-indu-malhotra-indias-first-woman-lawyer-to-be-directly-elevated-to-rank-of-supreme-court-judge/1146389/|title=Who is Indu Malhotra? First woman lawyer to be directly elevated as Supreme Court judge from Bar|date=26 April 2018|website=Financialexpress.com|access-date=16 September 2018}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Bangalore]], [[Mysore State]], India
| alma_mater = Campus Law Centre, [[Faculty of Law, University of Delhi]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}

'''Indu Malhotra''' is a former judge of the [[Supreme Court of India]].<ref name=":0">{{cite news |date=9 August 2007 |title=Lady lawyer pierces glass ceiling |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Lady-lawyer-pierces-glass-ceiling/articleshow/2267146.cms |access-date=7 April 2014 |newspaper=Times of India}}</ref> Post retirement, she is practicing as a full-time arbitrator in international and domestic arbitrations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indu Malhotra specialist in Arbitaration Law |url=https://www.scobserver.in/judges/indu-malhotra/}}</ref> Prior to her elevation, she was practicing as a Senior Counsel in the Supreme Court of India, and various High Courts. In 2007, she was the second woman to be designated as a Senior Counsel by the Supreme Court, after more than three decades. In 2018, she was the first woman to be elevated directly from the Bar as a Judge of the Supreme Court of India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-11 |title=Praise for justice Indu Malhotra days before her retirement |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/praise-for-justice-indu-malhotra-days-before-her-retirement-101615401804749.html |access-date=2021-09-04 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=11 January 2018 |title=Collegium recommends Indu Malhotra, KM Joseph J. for appointment to Supreme Court |url=https://barandbench.com/collegium-recommends-indu-malhotra-km-joseph-j-appointment-supreme-court/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240528081629/https://www.webcitation.org/6z2vUxepd?url=https://barandbench.com/collegium-recommends-indu-malhotra-km-joseph-j-appointment-supreme-court/ |archive-date=28 May 2024 |access-date=12 January 2018 |newspaper=Bench & Bar |location=Bangalore, India |df=dmy}}</ref> She demitted office in March 2021 on completion of her term.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajagopal |first=Krishnadas |date=11 January 2018 |title=In a first, Collegium recommends woman advocate for direct appointment as SC judge |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/collegium-recommends-two-for-sc-judge-including-woman-lawyer/article22420387.ece |access-date=16 September 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Dhananjay Mahapatra |date=Mar 13, 2021 |title=Choking with emotion, Justice Malhotra bids adieu to Supreme Court with tears {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/choked-with-emotion-justice-indu-malhotra-retires-from-sc/articleshow/81463483.cms |access-date=2021-03-13 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> She has contributed significantly to arbitration jurisprudence, both as a counsel and as a judge.<ref name=":0" />

She is currently a Member of the Court, Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), The Hague.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Permanent Court of Arbitration- Indu Malhotra bio |url=https://pca-cpa.org/en/about/structure/members-of-the-court/}}</ref>

She is also a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators, London.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Indu Malhota bio |url=https://skoch.in/justice-indu-malhotra/}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Indu Malhotra is the daughter of Late Sh. [[Om Prakash Malhotra (advocate)|Om Prakash Malhotra]], a senior advocate of the Supreme Court and author, and Satya Malhotra.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livelaw.in/columns/justice-indu-malhotra-lady-lawyer-pierces-glass-ceiling-171094|title=Justice Indu Malhotra: The Breaker Of Glass Ceilings|first=Menaka|last=Guruswamy|date=March 12, 2021|website=www.livelaw.in}}</ref>

She did her schooling from [[Carmel Convent School]], [[New Delhi]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/jan/12/pm-modis-security-breach-probe-all-you-need-to-know-about-ex-sc-judge-justice-indu-malhotra-2406033.html|title=PM Modi's security breach probe: All you need to know about ex-SC Judge Justice Indu Malhotra }}</ref> Thereafter, she did her Bachelors and Masters in Political Science from [[Lady Shri Ram College]], Delhi University. After obtaining her Masters Degree, she worked briefly as a lecturer in Political Science at [[Miranda House]] and [[Vivekananda College, Delhi|Vivekananda College]], Delhi University.<ref name=LiveLaw>{{Cite web|last=Roy|first=Radhika|date=2021-03-12|title=Important Judgments Of Justice Indu Malhotra|url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/important-judgments-of-justice-indu-malhotra-171108|access-date=2021-03-13|website=www.livelaw.in|language=en}}</ref>

In 1982, she completed her Law Degree (LL.B.) from the [[Faculty of Law, University of Delhi]] and enrolled with the Bar Council of Delhi and took to the practice of Law as her profession.<ref name=LiveLaw />

==Career==
She qualified as an advocate-on-record in the [[Supreme court|Supreme Court]], and topped the examination in 1988, and was awarded the Mukesh Goswami Award.<ref name=LiveLaw />

In 2017, Justice Malhotra was appointed as a member of a High-Level Committee constituted by The Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India to make recommendations for institutionalization of arbitration in India, and suggest further legislative amendments to the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. The 2019 Amendments to the Indian Arbitration & Conciliation Act, 1996 are based on the recommendations of this Committee.<ref>{{cite news |date=1 February 2014 |title=Looking into harassment complaints by lawyers: SC panel |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/looking-into-harassment-complaints-by-lawyers-sc-panel/ |access-date=18 June 2014 |website=Indianexpress.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sri Krishna Committee for amendments to Arbitration Act |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/bn-sri-krishna-j-kkv-indu-malhotra-ps-narasimha-committee-review-institutionalization-arbitration}}</ref>

She has been appointed as an arbitrator by various arbitral institutions including the [[International chamber of commerce|ICC]] [[International Court of Arbitration]], Mumbai Centre for International Arbitration (MCIA), [[Singapore International Arbitration Centre]] (SIAC), Indian Council of Arbitration (ICA), Delhi International Arbitration Centre (DIAC), and Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM).<ref name=":1" />

She is regularly invited to lecture on the law and practice of arbitration by institutions such as [[Delhi University]], [[National Law University, Delhi|National Law University]] in Delhi, National Academy of Legal Studies and Research (NALSAR) in Hyderabad, [[Gujarat National Law University]] in Ahmedabad, [[ILS Law College]] in Pune, [[Symbiosis Law School]], and Amity University in New Delhi.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Indu Malhotra Supreme Court bio |url=https://www.sci.gov.in/judge/justice-indu-malhotra/}}</ref>

Apart from her judicial career, she has been deeply engaged in academia. She has authored the 3rd and 4th edition of the well-known Commentary on the Arbitration Act, which has been cited by the Supreme Court and the High Courts in various judgments.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srivats |first=K. R. |date=7 April 2014 |title=Arbitrators need to play more active role, says CJI |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/policy/arbitrators-need-to-play-more-active-role-says-cji/article5883760.ece |access-date=18 June 2014 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] "Business Line"}}</ref>

In 2005, she was nominated in the category of ‘eminent person’ by the then Chief Justice of India to the General Council of Gujarat National Law University.<ref name=":3" />

In June 2023, Justice Malhotra was nominated by the [[Chief Justice of India]] as the Chairperson of the Advisory Board of the Consortium of National Law Universities in India.<ref name=":3" />

In 2024, Justice Malhotra has established a Chair to conduct the 1st Post Graduate Diploma Course on International Commercial Arbitration & Investment Treaty Arbitration in the [[National Law University, Delhi|National Law University]] of Delhi. The object of conducting this course is for capacity building in this specialized area of arbitration.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chair on International Commercial Arbitration at NLU Delhi- Indu Malhotra |url=https://nludelhi.ac.in/major-milestone-at-nlu-delhi-9th-september-2024/}}</ref>

She is also engaged in public service and is actively involved as a Trustee of the [[SaveLIFE Foundation|Save Life Foundation]] ('''“SLF”)''' which is a public charitable trust.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Save Life Foundation Indu Malhotra as a Trustee |url=https://savelifefoundation.org/stuff/people-indu-malhotra/}}</ref> SLF has pioneered various initiatives for improving road safety and emergency medical care to address the issue of the high number of fatalities caused by road crashes in India. SLF has also filed various PILs in the Supreme Court, including a PIL for the framing of guidelines for protection of Good Samaritans, which led to the insertion of Section 134-A in the Motor Vehicles Act to provide statutory protection to Good Samaritans from any civil or criminal proceedings. SLF has launched various initiatives such as the Zero Fatality Corridor on the Mumbai-Pune expressway. SLF has recently filed a PIL on the right to Trauma Care, being a constituent of the right to life under Article 21 of the Constitution, and a part of the “minimum core obligations of the State”.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India has the highest number of road accident fatalities – but one man’s determination has reduced that figure by 40% |url=https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/05/road-traffic-safety-programme-india/}}</ref>

==Membership of committees and nominations==

* Nominated by the Chief Justice of India as the Chairperson of the Advisory Board of the Consortium of National Law Universities in India in June 2023.<ref name=":3" />
* Member of the Central Council of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, a statutory body established under the Chartered Accountants Act, 1949 in 2016.<ref name=":2" />
* Member of the Indo-British Legal Forum held in January 2003 and March 2008.<ref name=":1" />
* Represented India at the Convention on the Rights of the Child, conducted by the Commonwealth Secretariat in May 1988 at Dhaka, Bangladesh.<ref name=":3" />

==Publications and academic pursuits==
Justice Malhotra has published the Third Edition ([[Thomson Reuters]], 2014)<ref>{{cite web |title=GAR Article: DELHI: White Industries in the spotlight |url=http://globalarbitrationreview.com/journal/article/32783/delhi-white-industries-spotlight |access-date=16 September 2018 |website=Globalarbitrationreview.com}}</ref> and Fourth Edition ([[Wolters Kluwer]], 2020)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Commentary on Law of Arbitration Fourth Edition by Indu Malhotra |url=https://www.ebcwebstore.com/product/commentary-on-the-law-of-arbitration-in-2-volumes?products_id=99104976&srsltid=AfmBOopshNwIgqfT70_mKhrWH75RCrVsHj4bH3PGqd96khHObjHKSsYM}}</ref> of the Commentary on the Law of Arbitration in India. The Commentary has been cited by the Supreme Court and High Courts in various landmark and seminal Judgments.<ref name=":3" />

==Bibliography==
* ''The Law and Practice of Arbitration and Conciliation: The Arbitration and Conciliation Act'' (1996)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=gzQuAAAACAAJ&q=The+Law+and+Practice+of+Arbitration+and+Conciliation Google Books: "The Law and Practice of Arbitration and Conciliation: The Arbitration and Conciliation Act"]. Retrieved 18 August 2014</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Malhotra, Indu}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women lawyers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women judges]]
[[Category:Faculty of Law, University of Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Indian Senior Counsel]]
[[Category:Justices of the Supreme Court of India]]
[[Category:Lady Shri Ram College alumni]]
[[Category:Scholars from Bengaluru]]

Raja (festival)

2025-07-29T04:59:12Z

Digitalcreator: minor edit

{{short description|Festival of Odisha}}
[[File:Raja Doli khela Odia festival.jpg|thumb|Girls swinging on Raja swing]]
'''Raja Parba''' ({{Langx|or|ରଜ ପର୍ବ}}, {{IPA|or|ɾɔdʒɔ pɔɾbɔ|pron}}), also known as ''Mithuna Sankranti'', is a three-day-long festival of womanhood celebrated in [[Odisha]], India. The second day of the festival signifies beginning of the solar month of Mithuna, from which the season of rains starts.<ref>{{cite news|title=Four-day Festival of Odisha 'Raja Parba' is all about celebrating Womanhood|url=http://www.newsgram.com/four-day-festival-of-Odisha-rajo-parba-is-all-about-wishing-a-happy-raja-festival-2018}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

== Mythology ==
[[File:Jagannatha naya.jpg|right|200px|thumb|''[[Murti]]''s of Bhudevi and Sridevi (Bhumi and Lakshmi) at [[Nayagarh]], below Jagannath (far right).]]
It is believed that the Hindu goddess [[Bhumi (goddess)|Bhumi]], the Mother Earth aspect of goddess [[Lakshmi|Mahakshmi]] and consort of the [[Vishnu]], experiences menstruation during the first three days of the festival. The fourth day is called ''Vasumati Snana'', or the ceremonial bath of Bhumi. The term Raja came from the Sanskrit word ''rajas,'' which means menstruation, and a menstruating woman is called ''rajasvala''. In the medieval period, the festival became more popular as an agricultural holiday marking the worship of Bhumi, who is venerated as the consort of [[Jagannath]], a regional form of Vishnu. A silver ''murti'' of Bhumi is present in the Puri Temple beside Jagannath.

==Rajaparba==
It falls in mid June,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sen|first1=Sushmita|title=Raja Parba 2016: This 4-day Odiya festival honours womanhood [PICTURE GREETINGS]|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/raja-parba-2016-this-4-day-odiya-festival-honours-womanhood-picture-greetings-682628|access-date=4 October 2016|language=en}}</ref> the first day is called '''Pahili Raja''',<ref>{{cite web |title=CHECK: RAJA Sankaranti festival 2021 date, Pahili Raja Quotes,Wishes,Shayari Images Online |url=https://www.pixnama.com/raja-sankranti/ |website=Pixnama.com |date=13 April 2021 |access-date=14 June 2021 |archive-date=21 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621042949/https://www.pixnama.com/raja-sankranti/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
second day is Mithuna Sankranti, third day is '''Bhudaaha''' or '''Basi Raja'''.
The final fourth day is called '''Basumati snana''',
in which the ladies bath the grinding stone as a symbol of [[Bhūmi|Bhumi]] with turmeric paste and adore with flower, sindoor etc. All type of seasonal fruits are offered to mother Bhumi.
The day before first day is called '''Sajabaja''' or preparatory day during which the house, kitchen including grinding stones are cleaned, spices are ground for three days. During these three days women and girls take rest from work and wear new [[Saree]], Alata, and ornaments. It is similar to [[Ambubachi Mela]].
The most popular among numerous festivals in Odisha, Raja<ref>{{cite news|title='Raja Utsav' to be celebrated tomorrow|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/raja-utsav-to-be-celebrated-tomorrow/article1856168.ece|access-date=29 September 2016|work=The Hindu|date=14 June 2007|language=en-IN}}</ref> is celebrated for three consecutive days. Just as the earth prepares itself to quench its thirst by the incoming rain the unmarried girls of the family are groomed for impending matrimony through this festival. They pass these three days in joyous festivity and observe customs like eating only uncooked and nourishing food especially ''[[Podo pitha|Podapitha]]'', do not take bath or take salt, do not walk barefoot and vow to give birth to healthy children in future. The most vivid and enjoyable memories one has of the Raja gaiety is the rope-swings on big banyan trees and the lyrical folk-songs that one listens from the nubile beauty enjoying the atmosphere.<ref>{{cite news|title=Raja Festival : Odisha's unique fest to raise toast to womanhood & Nature|url=https://odishatv.in/odisha/body-slider/raja-festival-odishas-unique-fest-to-raise-toast-to-womanhood-nature-221937|access-date= 15 June 2017|work= OdishaTv|language=en-IN}}</ref>

To celebrate the advent of monsoon, the joyous festival is arranged for five days by the villagers. Though celebrated all over the state it is more enthusiastically observed in all over Odisha but celebrated with much fervor across the coastal districts. The first day is called "saja baja", second day is called "''Pahili Raja''", third is "'''Raja Sankranti'''"<ref>{{cite web|title=CHECK: RAJA Sankranti Odisha 2021 date, Wishes, Images, Sms {{!}} Pahili Raja,Raja Sankaranti Images Online |url=https://www.odiasayari.com/raja-sankaranti-odisha/|website=Odiasayari.com |date=12 June 2021 |access-date=15 June 2021 }}</ref> and fourth is "''Bhumi Dahana'' or ''Basi Raja''". And fifth is Basumati snana

According to popular belief as women menstruate, which is a sign of fertility, so also Mother Earth menstruates. So, all three days of the festival are considered to be the menstruating period of Mother Earth. During the festival, all agricultural operations remain suspended. As a mark of respect towards the Earth during her menstruation days, all agricultural works comes to a standstill during these days. Significantly, it is a festival of the unmarried girls, the potential mothers. They all observe the restrictions prescribed for a menstruating woman. The very first day, they rise before dawn, do their hair, anoint their bodies with turmeric paste and oil and then take the purificatory bath in a river or tank. Peculiarly, bathing for the rest two days is prohibited. They don't walk bare-foot, do not scratch the earth, do not grind, do not tear anything apart, do not cut and do not cook. During all the three consecutive days, they are seen in the best of dresses and decorations, eating cakes and rich food at the houses of friends and relatives, spending long cheery hours, moving up and down on improvised swings, rending the village sky with their merry impromptu songs.

The swings are of different varieties, such as 'Ram Doli', 'Charki Doli', 'Pata Doli', 'Dandi Doli' etc. Songs specially meant for the festival speak of love, affection, respect, social behaviour and everything of social order that comes to the minds of the singers. Through anonymous and composed extempore, much of these songs, through sheer beauty of diction and sentiment, has earned permanence and has gone to make the very substratum of Odisha's folk-poetry. While girls thus scatter beauty, grace and music all around, moving up and down on the swings during the festival, young men give themselves to strenuous games and good food, on the eve of the onset of the monsoons, which will not give them even a minute's respite for practically four months making them one with mud, slush and relentless showers, their spirits keep high with only the hopes of a good harvest. As all agricultural activities remain suspended and a joyous atmosphere pervades, the young men of the village keep themselves busy in various types of country games, the most favourite being 'Kabadi'. Competitions are also held between different groups of villages. All nights 'Jatra' performances or '[[Gotipua]]' dances are arranged in prosperous villages where they can afford the professional groups. Enthusiastic amateurs also arrange plays and other kinds of entertainment.<ref>{{cite web|title=Know more about Festivities of Odisha during days of Raja Parba - Bhubaneswar Buzz|url=http://www.bhubaneswarbuzz.com/updates/festivals/know-festivities-odisha-days-raja-parba|website=Bhubaneswarbuzz|access-date=4 October 2016|date=14 June 2016}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Ambubachi Mela]]
* [[Jagannath]]
* [[Keddaso]]
* [[Odia language]]
* [[Odia literature]]
* [[Salepur]]
* [[Sisua village]]
* [[Teej]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{commonscatinline}}
{{Odia culture}}

[[Category:Festivals in Odisha]]
[[Category:June observances]]
[[Category:Hindu festivals]]
[[Category:Religious festivals in India]]

Indian Telly Award for Best Television Personality of the Year

2025-07-24T12:54:26Z

Digitalcreator:

{{Short description|Indian performing arts award}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox award
| name = [[Indian Telly Awards|Indian Telly Award]] for Best Television Personality of the Year
| image = Rupali Ganguly at the NBT Utsav Award 2024 (cropped).jpg
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| caption = The 2025 recipient: [[Rupali Ganguly]]
| awarded_for = Best contribution of an anchor/host/actor/presenter/professional to television
| presenter = [http://www.indiantelevision.com IndianTelevision.com]
| country = [[India]]
| year = 2001
| holder =
| website = [http://www.indiantellyawards.com Indian Telly Awards]
}}

'''Indian Telly Award for Best Television Personality of the Year''' is an [[award]] given by Indiantelevision.com <ref>{{cite web|title=Indiatelevision.com|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/|accessdate=8 January 2014}}</ref> as part of its annual [[Indian Telly Awards]] for TV serials, to recognize a television anchor/host/actor/presenter/professional who overshadowed all his peers either on the screen or off it leaving an indelible mark/stamp during the year and have consistently topped in terms of impact, visibility, acceptability. He/she could have remarkably improved the viewership of a channel or programme by his/her unique presence.

The award was first awarded in 2001 to Bollywood actor [[Amitabh Bachchan]] for hosting popular reality show ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]]''. Most of the time, the winner is announced out of nominations, but sometimes the award is given without nominations. In 2007, 2009 and 2010, the award was awarded with different titles. Only once, in 2012, the award was given separately to a male and female personality.

== List of winners ==

===2001-2009===
*'''2001''' '''[[Amitabh Bachchan]]''' <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2001 Popular Awards winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k1/winners.htm|access-date=9 December 2013|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051902/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k1/winners.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*'''2002''' '''[[Cezanne Khan]]''' <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2002 Popular Awards winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k2/winners.htm|access-date=2013-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025256/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k2/winners.htm|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2002 Popular Awards nominees|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k2/personality.htm|access-date=2013-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016115836/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k2/personality.htm|archive-date=2013-10-16|url-status=dead}}</ref>
** [[Prannoy Roy]]
** [[Harsha Bhogle]]
** [[Vir Sanghvi]]
** [[Rajdeep Sardesai]]
** [[Amitabh Bachchan]]
** [[Navjot Singh Sidhu]]
** [[Shekhar Suman]]
*'''2003''' '''[[Smriti Irani]]''' <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2003 Popular Awards winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k3/winners.htm|access-date=2013-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915081219/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k3/winners.htm|archive-date=2018-09-15|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2003 Popular Awards nominees|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k3/pop_nominee.htm|access-date=2013-12-09|archive-date=2013-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016115839/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k3/pop_nominee.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*'''2004''' '''[[Rajeev Khandelwal]]''' & '''[[Mona Singh]]''' <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2004 Popular Awards winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k4/winners_pop.htm|access-date=2013-12-09|archive-date=2018-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917175611/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k4/winners_pop.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2004 Popular Awards nominees|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k4/nominee.htm|access-date=2013-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016123453/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k4/nominee.htm|archive-date=2013-10-16|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**[[Hiten Tejwani]]
**[[Niki Aneja Walia]]
**[[Mandira Bedi]]
*'''2005''' '''[[Rajeev Khandelwal]]''' <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2005 Popular Awards winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k5/winners.htm|access-date=2013-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917175616/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k5/winners.htm|archive-date=2018-09-17|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2005 Popular Awards nominees|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k5/pop_nom.htm|access-date=2013-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025305/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k5/pop_nom.htm|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref>
** [[Ronit Roy]]
** [[Abhijeet Sawant]]
** [[Shekhar Suman]]
*'''2006''' '''[[Ronit Roy]]''' <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2006 Popular Awards winners|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k6/nov/nov296.htm|access-date=2013-12-09|archive-date=2006-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061205121438/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k6/nov/nov296.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2006 Popular Awards nominees|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k6/nominees.htm|access-date=2013-12-09|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213148/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k6/nominees.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
** [[Javed Jaffrey]]
** [[Rajdeep Sardesai]]
** [[Navjot Singh Sidhu]]
*'''2007''' '''[[Hussain Kuwajerwala]]''' ('''Style Icon of the Year''')<ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2007 Popular Awards winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k7/winners-list.htm|access-date=2013-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722173647/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k7/winners-list.htm|archive-date=2012-07-22|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2007 Popular Awards nominees|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k7/popular07.htm|access-date=2013-12-09|archive-date=2018-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911073650/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k7/popular07.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**[[Ronit Roy]]
**[[Rajeev Khandelwal]]
**[[Rajdeep Sardesai]]
*'''2008''' '''[[Akshay Kumar]]''' <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2008 Popular Awards winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k8/winners2008.htm|access-date=2013-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911083458/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k8/winners2008.htm|archive-date=2018-09-11|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2008 video|url=http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7w1ya_31-december-indian-telly-awards-200_shortfilms}}</ref>
**[[Salman Khan]]
**[[Shilpa Shetty]]
**[[Saroj Khan]]
**[[Parul Chauhan]]
**[[Sara Khan (actress, born 1989)|Sara Khan]]
**[[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]]
**[[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]
*'''2009''' '''[[Rani Mukerji]]''' ('''TV Ki Rani Award''')<ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2009 Popular Awards winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k9/winners/winners.htm|access-date=2013-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211052223/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k9/winners/winners.htm|archive-date=2012-02-11|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2009 Popular Awards nominees|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k9/nomination/nominee_list.htm|access-date=2013-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115061924/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k9/nomination/nominee_list.htm|archive-date=2016-01-15|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===2010-2019===
*'''2010''' '''[[Ronit Roy]]''' ('''10th Anniversary Special Award for TV Star of the Decade''')<ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2010 Popular Awards winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k10/winners.php|access-date=2013-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016040245/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k10/winners.php|archive-date=2013-10-16|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*'''2011''' '''No Award'''
*'''2012''' '''[[Ronit Roy]]''' (Male) and '''[[Ankita Lokhande]]''' (Female) <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2012 Popular Awards winners |url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k11/poll/winners.php |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702115232/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k11/poll/winners.php |archivedate=2 July 2012 }}</ref>
**[[Barun Sobti]]
**[[Pratyusha Banerjee]]
**[[Gia Manek]]
*'''2013''' '''[[Karan Singh Grover]]''' <ref>{{cite news |title=Karan Singh Grover on winning the Best TV Personality Award at Twelfth Indian Telly Awards |work=Tellychakkar |url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/karan-singh-grover-thanks-fans-winning-the-best-tv-personality-award-twelfth-indian-telly}}</ref>
*'''2014''' '''[[Rohit Shetty]]'''
*'''2015''' '''[[Divyanka Tripathi]]'''
*'''2016''' '''Not Awarded'''
*'''2017''' '''Not Awarded'''
*'''2018''' '''Not Awarded'''
*'''2019''' '''[[Divyanka Tripathi]]'''
===2020-present===
*'''2023''' '''[[Shaheer Sheikh]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Telly Awards 2023 Complete Winners List |url=https://www.indiantellyawards.com/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=www.indiantellyawards.com}}</ref>
*'''2025''' '''[[Rupali Ganguly]]'''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian Telly Award Best Television Personality}}
{{Indian Telly Awards}}

[[Category:Indian Telly Awards]]

{{tv-award-stub}}

Haryana Lok Adalat

2025-07-02T20:06:48Z

Digitalcreator: put up some details and citations

{{Short description|Dispute resolution mechanism in India}}
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'''Haryana Lok Adalat''' or Haryana State Legal Services Authority (People's Court) is an [[statutory]] and [[autonomous]] body and an [[alternative dispute resolution]] mechanism used in the state of [[Haryana]].The Haryana Lok Adalat Act is designed to provide [[constitution]]al protection guaranteed under Article 14 and 39-A of the [[Constitution of India]], of “ACCESS TO JUSTICE FOR ALL”. It is a legal system to resolve pending cases at Panchayat or rural places, those in a pre-litigation stage in courts are resolved amicably.<ref name="Mahar Adal Ref1">{{cite news |title=Lok Adalat |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hans-Classroom/2018-04-25/Lok-Adalat/376372?infinitescroll=1 |access-date=28 September 2021 |publisher=thehansindia.com |date=25 April 2018 |language=en}}</ref> It is recognised as statutory authority under the [[Legal Services Authorities Act 1987|Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987]] and the [[Lok Adalat]]s award or decision are deemed to be civil court case and final and enforceable on both parties.<ref name="Mahar Adal Ref1" /> Such an award is not appealable in any court of law in the absence of any provision. However, by approaching the court of appropriate jurisdiction, litigation can be initiated by any party in the suit if any of them are dissatisfied with the decision of the Lok Adalat (in the absence of any provision for appeal against such award).<ref name="Mahar Adal Ref1" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-26|title=Lok Adalat|url=https://nalsa.gov.in/lok-adalat|access-date=2021-07-16|website=nalsa.gov.in|language=en}}</ref>

"Section 22 B of The Legal Services Authorities Act 1987 provides for the establishment of Permanent Lok Adalats (PLA) for exercising jurisdiction in respect of one or more [[public utility]] services (PUS). Section 22 A of The Legal Services Authorities Act 1987 states what constitutes 'Public Utility Services' for the purpose of Permanent Lok Adalat".<ref>{{cite web|title=Permanent Lok Adalat|url=http://hslsa.gov.in/sites/default/files/documents/PLA.pdf|publisher=Haryana State Legal Services Authority|access-date=2021-12-25|archive-date=2021-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920113842/http://hslsa.gov.in/sites/default/files/documents/PLA.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== History and Administration ==
Haryana Lok Adalat formed under Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 and to implement the provisions of Constitution which had been drafted to help every citizen to get justice irrespective of their economic or other limitations.<ref name="la ref6">{{cite book |last1=Kumar |first1=Dr Ashok |title=Alternative Dispute Resolution System in India |date=9 September 2021 |publisher=K.K. Publications |isbn=978-93-82657-09-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyFCEAAAQBAJ&dq=punjab+lok+adalat&pg=PA189 |access-date=25 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref> The primary value laid down as per Indian Constitutional philosophy is individual dignity which forms the basis of human rights and demands on a holistic basis of civil, political, economical, social, and cultural rights.

Haryana Lok Adalat is formed with objective and purpose of ensuring and providing visible, practical and positive initiatives ensuring equality and non bias decisions as laid down in Constitution of India and assumes significance due to illiteracy and poverty prevalent in India.

Lok Adalats are constituted at below levels:<ref name="Lok Ref2">{{cite news |title=Lok Adalats unclog a choked justice delivery system |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/specials/insight/lok-adalats-unclog-a-choked-justice-delivery-system-1034264.html |access-date=28 September 2021 |publisher=Deccan Herald |date=26 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

*State Authorities.
*High Court.
*District and Taluk level.

1. Chairman.

2. Secretaries.

*Mandal Committees.
*Mediation Centres.

Types of Lok Adalat:

* Permanent Lok Adalat - Provides mechanism for adjudging cases referred under public utility services like transport, postal and telegraph.
* National Lok Adalat - Held from year 2015, every month on specific topic across India. These are held on a single day disposing off large number of pending cases.
* Mega Lok Adalat - Held across all courts in state in a single day.
* Mobile Lok Adalats - These types of Lok Adalats are organised occasionally which travel from one place to other across country occasionally and help resolving disputes.

Mr Justice Ravi Shanker Jha, Chief Justice, Punjab High Court, is current patron in Chief of Punjab Lok Adalat.

== Lok Adalat Committee and Complaint Procedures ==

Lok Adalat settles disputes which can be mutually resolved and mostly relating to [[Matrimonial law|matrimonial]], [[damages]] and partition suits.<ref name="rla ref2">{{cite news |title=National Lok Adalat to be held today {{!}} Jaipur News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/national-lok-adalat-to-be-held-today/articleshow/86101985.cms |access-date=25 December 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=11 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> The following are the requirements of the cases before Lok Adalat:<ref name="Lok Ref2" />

* Lok Adalat takes up cases which are civil in nature (including marriage, and family disputes) and compoundable criminal cases.<ref name="hl ref5">{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Jaskaran |title=Haryana: E-Lok Adalat to settle cases amid Covid-19 {{!}} Gurgaon News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/haryana-e-lok-adalat-to-settle-cases-amid-covid-19/articleshow/77592290.cms |access-date=25 December 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=17 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
* It accepts cases pending in regular court under their jurisdiction.
* The main condition of the Lok Adalat is that both parties in dispute agree for settlement.
* The court fee paid initially in the court for the complaints/petition is refunded to the parties, as no court fee is chargeable if a matter referred in the Lok Adalat and is resolved with parties agreeing to bind by it.
* Procedural laws and the [[Indian Evidence Act|Evidence Act]] are not strictly followed while assessing claims.
* Decisions are binding on the parties and its order is capable of execution through legal process.

The following types of cases can be admitted in Lok Adalat.

1. Any dispute or case pending in any court of law in India.

* Criminal offences which are compoundable.
* Cases under section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act.<ref name="hl ref6">{{cite news |title=First e-Lok Adalat of the district to be held on August 29 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurugram/first-e-lok-adalat-of-the-district-to-be-held-on-august-29/story-n1xITQZpX2K4fOE0QYg9aJ.html |access-date=25 December 2021 |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=17 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
* Issues relating to recovery of money.
* Issues under Indian Motor Vehicles Act,1988.
* Issues relating to labour disputes.
* Issues relating to public utility bills like electricity, water etc. excluding Non Compoundable offences.<ref name="hl ref9">{{cite news |title=Permanent Lok Adalat gets five chairpersons |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/permanent-lok-adalat-gets-five-chairpersons-266475 |access-date=25 December 2021 |publisher=Tribuneindia News Service |date=10 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* Issues relating to Matrimony.

2. Any dispute to be planned to filed in Court but did not come up for hearing in front of it. Following Pre-Litigation cases can also be filed in Lok-Adalat.

* Cases under section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act.
* Cases relating to recovery of money.
* Issues relating to labour disputes.
* Issues relating to public utility bills like electricity, water etc. excluding Non Compoundable offences.
* General Maintenance related disputes.
* Other Miscellaneous cases which are civil disputes, criminal compoundable cases and matrimonial disputes.

However, any legal issue which is not compoundable as per the Indian Legal Systems cannot be taken up in the Lok Adalat.

As the members are presiding Lok Adalat as statutory conciliators and not in judicial capacity they can only persuade the parties to come to a settlement. Sometimes counselling sessions are also held between opposing parties.
The main condition of the Lok Adalat is that both parties in dispute agree for settlement<ref name="hl ref7">{{cite news |title=national lok adalat to conduct e adalat in punjab |url=http://www.uniindia.com/national-lok-adalat-to-conduct-e-adalat-in-punjab/north/news/2255880.html |access-date=25 December 2021 |publisher=uniindia.com |date=6 December 2020}}</ref> and if they are unable to do so, it is referred to the Permanent Lok Adalat for deciding the case provided the case is not related to compoundable offence.

Haryana Lok Adalat, as per Supreme Court judgement, is formed to arrive at a compromise or solution between parties in dispute and hence does not have jurisdiction to go into merits of complaint.<ref name="and lok ref15">{{cite news |title=Lok Adalat can't decide cases on merits|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/lok-adalat-cant-decide-cases-on-merits-sc-1041603.html |access-date=25 October 2021 |publisher=deccanherald.com |date=18 October 2021}}</ref>

== Details of cases Resolved ==

* Haryana Lok Adalat organised National Lok Adalat in September 2021 across Haryana.<ref name="hl ref2">{{cite news |title=Haryana State Legal Services Authority Organizes National Lok Adalat |url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/haryana-state-legal-services-authority-organizes-national-lok-adalat-181448?infinitescroll=1 |access-date=25 December 2021 |publisher=livelaw.in |date=12 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* Haryana Lok Adalat organised E Lok Adalat in August 2020 across Haryana due to Covid pandemic lockdown.<ref name="hl ref3">{{cite news |title=Haryana to conducte-Lok Adalat on Aug. 29 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/haryana-to-conducte-lok-adalat-on-aug-29/article32379031.ece |access-date=25 December 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=17 August 2020 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008]]
* [[Legal Services Authorities Act 1987]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://pulsa.punjab.gov.in/?q=lok-adalat-scheme Official website]

{{Lok Adalat}}


[[Category:Dispute resolution]]
[[Category:Law of India]]
[[Category:Lok Adalat]]

Assam Lok Adalat

2025-07-02T20:06:38Z

Digitalcreator: Entry

{{Short description|Dispute resolution mechanism in India}}
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'''Assam Lok Adalat''' or Assam State Legal Services Authority (People's Court) is an [[statutory]] and [[autonomous]] body and an [[alternative dispute resolution]] mechanism used in the state of [[Assam]]. The Assam Lok Adalat Act is designed to provide [[constitution]]al protection guaranteed under Article 14 and 39-A of the [[Constitution of India]], of "ACCESS TO JUSTICE FOR ALL". It is a legal system to resolve pending cases at Panchayat or rural places, those in a pre-litigation stage in courts are resolved amicably.<ref name="Mahar Adal Ref1">{{cite news |title=Lok Adalat |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hans-Classroom/2018-04-25/Lok-Adalat/376372?infinitescroll=1 |access-date=28 September 2021 |publisher=thehansindia.com |date=25 April 2018 |language=en}}</ref> It is recognised as statutory authority under the [[Legal Services Authorities Act 1987|Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987]]<ref name="ass lok ref1">{{cite news |title='Lok Adalat' to be held in Assam on September 11 - Sentinelassam |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/guwahati-city/lok-adalat-to-be-held-in-assam-on-september-11-550500 |access-date=17 November 2021 |publisher=sentinelassam.com |date=14 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref> and the [[Lok Adalat]]s award or decision are deemed to be civil court case and final and enforceable on both parties.<ref name="Mahar Adal Ref1" /> Such an award is not appealable in any court of law in the absence of any provision. However, by approaching the court of appropriate jurisdiction, litigation can be initiated by any party in the suit if any of them are dissatisfied with the decision of the Lok Adalat (in the absence of any provision for appeal against such award).<ref name="Mahar Adal Ref1" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-26|title=Lok Adalat|url=https://nalsa.gov.in/lok-adalat|access-date=2021-07-16|website=nalsa.gov.in|language=en}}</ref>

"Section 22 B of The Legal Services Authorities Act 1987 provides for the establishment of Permanent Lok Adalats (PLA) for exercising jurisdiction in respect of one or more [[public utility]] services (PUS). Section 22 A of The Legal Services Authorities Act 1987 states what constitutes 'Public Utility Services' for the purpose of Permanent Lok Adalat".<ref>{{cite web|title=Permanent Lok Adalat|url=http://hslsa.gov.in/sites/default/files/documents/PLA.pdf|publisher=Haryana State Legal Services Authority|access-date=2021-11-17|archive-date=2021-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920113842/http://hslsa.gov.in/sites/default/files/documents/PLA.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== History and administration ==
Assam Lok Adalat formed under Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987<ref name="aru lokad ref1">{{cite news |title=Arunachal:First E Lok Adalat held in various districts of Arunachal Pradesh in various |url=https://arunachal24.in/arunachal-first-e-lok-adalat-held-in-various-districts-of-arunachal-pradesh/ |access-date=3 November 2021 |publisher=arunachal24.in |date=26 September 2020}}</ref> and to implement the provisions of Constitution which had been drafted to help every citizen to get justice irrespective of their economic or other limitations. The primary value laid down as per Indian Constitutional philosophy is individual dignity which forms the basis of human rights and demands on a holistic basis of civil, political, economical, social, and cultural rights.

Assam Lok Adalat is formed with objective and purpose of ensuring and providing visible, practical and positive initiatives ensuring equality and non bias decisions as laid down in the Constitution of India and assumes significance due to illiteracy and poverty prevalent in India.

Lok Adalats are constituted at below levels:<ref name="Lok Ref2">{{cite news |title=Lok Adalats unclog a choked justice delivery system |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/specials/insight/lok-adalats-unclog-a-choked-justice-delivery-system-1034264.html |access-date=28 September 2021 |publisher=Deccan Herald |date=26 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

*State Authorities.
*High Court.
*District and Taluk level.

1. Chairman.

2. Secretaries.

*Mandal Committees.
*Mediation Centres.

Types of Lok Adalat:

* Permanent Lok Adalat - Provides mechanism for adjudging cases referred under public utility services like transport, postal and telegraph.
* National Lok Adalat - Held from year 2015, every month on specific topic across India. These are held on a single day disposing off large number of pending cases.
* Mega Lok Adalat - Held across all courts in state in a single day.
* Mobile Lok Adalats - These types of Lok Adalats are organised occasionally which travel from one place to other across country occasionally and help resolving disputes.<ref name="aru lokad ref3">{{cite news |title=APSLSA introduced mobile Legal Services cum Lok Adalat Van |url=https://arunachal24.in/apslsa-introduced-mobile-legal-services-cum-lok-adalat-van/ |access-date=3 November 2021 |publisher=arunachal24.in |date=29 January 2020}}</ref>

Mr. Justice Vijay Bishnoi, Chief Justice, Gauhati High Court, Guwahati is current patron in Chief of Assam Lok Adalat.<ref name="asslo ref1" />

Guwahati Lok Adalat in year 2018 appointed first transgender judge of Assam, Swati Bidhan Baruah, who in the process became the first transgender judge in Assam judiciary.<ref name="ass lok ref5">{{cite news |title=Guwahati Lok Adalat gets Assam’s first transgender judge Swati |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/guwahati-lok-adalat-gets-assam-s-first-transgender-judge-swati-2124581.html |access-date=17 November 2021 |publisher=Zee News |date=14 July 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

== Lok Adalat committee and complaint procedures ==

Lok Adalat settles disputes which can be mutually resolved and mostly relating to [[Matrimonial law|matrimonial]], [[damages]]<ref name="aru lokad ref1" /> and partition suits. The following are the requirements of the cases before Lok Adalat:<ref name="Lok Ref2" />

* Lok Adalat takes up cases which are civil in nature (including marriage, and family disputes) and compoundable criminal cases.<ref name="aru lokad ref1" />
* It accepts cases pending in regular court under their jurisdiction.
* The main condition of the Lok Adalat is that both parties in dispute agree for settlement.
* The court fee paid initially in the court for the complaints/petition is refunded to the parties, as no court fee is chargeable if a matter referred in the Lok Adalat and is resolved with parties agreeing to bind by it.
* Procedural laws and the [[Indian Evidence Act|Evidence Act]] are not strictly followed while assessing claims.
* Decisions are binding on the parties and its order is capable of execution through legal process.

The following types of cases can be admitted in Lok Adalat.<ref name="Mahar Adal Ref1"/>

1. Any dispute or case pending in any court of law in India.

* Criminal offences which are compoundable.<ref name="aru lokad ref1" />
* Cases under section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act.
* Issues relating to recovery of money.
* Issues under Indian Motor Vehicles Act, 1988.<ref name="Assam Lok7">{{cite news |title=Assam State Legal Services Authority: Lok Adalat to ease load of courts {{!}} Guwahati News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/lok-adalat-to-ease-load-of-courts/articleshow/25905103.cms |access-date=17 November 2021 |publisher=The Times of India |date=17 November 2013 |language=en}}</ref>
* Issues relating to labour disputes.
* Issues relating to public utility bills like electricity, water etc excluding Non Compoundable offences.
* Issues relating to Matrimony.

2. Any dispute to be planned to filed in Court but did not come up for hearing in front of it. Following Pre-Litigation cases can also be filed in Lok-Adalat.

* Cases under section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act.
* Cases relating to recovery of money.
* Issues relating to labour disputes.
* Issues relating to public utility bills like electricity, water etc excluding Non Compoundable offences.
* General Maintenance related disputes.
* Other Miscellaneous cases which are civil disputes, criminal compoundable cases and matrimonial disputes.

However, any legal issue which is not compoundable as per the Indian Legal Systems cannot be taken up in the Lok Adalat.

As the members are presiding Lok Adalat as statutory conciliators and not in judicial capacity they can only persuade the parties to come to a settlement. Sometimes counselling sessions are also held between opposing parties.<ref name="Loka Ref3">{{cite news |title=Lok Adalat disposes of 8.5 lakh cases in a day across Maharashtra |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/lok-adalat-disposes-of-8-5-lakh-cases-in-a-day-across-maharashtra-101632673899685.html |access-date=29 September 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=26 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

The main condition of the Lok Adalat is that both parties in dispute agree for settlement and if they are unable to do so, it is referred to the Permanent Lok Adalat for deciding the case provided the case is not related to compoundable offence.

Assam Lok Adalat, as per Supreme Court judgement, is formed to arrive at a compromise or solution between parties in dispute and hence does not have jurisdiction to go into merits of complaint.<ref name="and lok ref15">{{cite news |title=Lok Adalat can't decide cases on merits|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/lok-adalat-cant-decide-cases-on-merits-sc-1041603.html |access-date=25 October 2021 |publisher=deccanherald.com |date=18 October 2021}}</ref>

== Details of cases resolved ==

1. Assam Lok Adalat or ASLSA (Assam State Legal Services Authority), with the support from NALSA (National Legal Services Authority), had joined other states of India, and conducted National Lok Adalat for one day on September 11, helping resolve many pending legal cases.<ref name="ass lok ref1" />

2. In July 2021, Assam Lok Adalat or ASLSA (Assam State Legal Services Authority), with the support from NALSA (National Legal Services Authority), conducted second National Lok Adalat through hybrid and virtual method.<ref name="ass lok ref6">{{cite news |title=In a first, Assam witnesses Virtual Lok Adalat - Sentinelassam |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/guwahati-city/in-a-first-assam-witnesses-virtual-lok-adalat-547087 |access-date=17 November 2021 |publisher=sentinelassam.com |date=18 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008]]
* [[Legal Services Authorities Act 1987]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://aslsa.assam.gov.in/information-services/lok-adalat Official website]

{{Lok Adalat}}


[[Category:Dispute resolution]]
[[Category:Lok Adalat]]

Kothukumukku railway bridge

2025-06-08T10:05:28Z

Digitalcreator: put up the entry w/ refs

{{Short description|Disused bridge in Kerala, India}}

'''Kothukumukku railway bridge''' is a disused bridge, formerly part of the defunct Karunagappaly - KMML Chavara railway line. The bridge, which has a single broad-gauge track, has now become a local tourist attraction. This bridge crosses [[Kannetty]] backwater.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-24 |title=Kothukumukku Bridge View Point - Tourist attraction in Kuttivattom, India |url=https://www.top-rated.online/cities/Kuttivattom/place/p/13687321/Kothukumukku+Bridge+View+Point |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=Top Rated Online |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=വിവാഹ ഫോട്ടോയെടുക്കാൻ ഇനി ഈ പാലത്തിൽ കയറരുത്; നിർബന്ധമാണെങ്കിൽ ലൈഫ് ജാക്കറ്റ് കൂടി കരുതിക്കോ... |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/district-news/kollam/2021/10/25/kollam-kothumukku-railway-bridge-in-danger.html |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=www.manoramaonline.com |language=ml}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|9.02746|76.53680|format=dms|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kollam district]]
[[Category:Former railway bridges in India]]
[[Category:Ruined bridges]]

{{India-struct-stub}}

Oni Panyang

2025-01-29T17:35:35Z

Digitalcreator: Starting Pg

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|Member]] of [[11th Arunachal Pradesh Assembly|Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 1 June 2024
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Mariyang-Geku Assembly constituency|Mariyang-Geku]]
| predecessor = [[Kanggong Taku]]
| party = [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]]
}}

'''Oni Panyang''' is an Indian politician from [[Arunachal Pradesh]] belonging to the [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]]. He is a member of the Legislative Assembly in the [[11th Arunachal Pradesh Assembly|11th Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-02 |title=Mariyang-Geku, Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024 Live Updates |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/mariyang-geku-arunachal-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-2546676-2024-06-02 |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-02 |title=Mariyang-Geku Assembly Election Results 2024: Mariyang-Geku Arunachal Pradesh Elections Poll Result Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/itanagar/mariyang-geku-assembly-election-results-2024-mariyang-geku-arunachal-pradesh-elections-poll-result-winner/articleshow/110634561.cms |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Education ==
He graduated from [[Jawaharlal Nehru College]] with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] in 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oni Panyang(National Peoples Party):Constituency- MARIYANG-GEKU (ST)(UPPER SIANG) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/ArunachalPradesh2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=142 |access-date=2024-06-03 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panyang, Oni}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:National People's Party (India) politicians]]
[[Category:Arunachal Pradesh MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{ArunachalPradesh-politician-stub}}

National Centre for Promotion of Employment for Disabled People

2025-01-02T11:43:29Z

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{{Infobox non-profit
| name = National Centre for Promotion of Employment for Disabled People
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| type = Non-Governmental Organization (NGO)
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| founder = [[Javed Abidi]]
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| location = [[New Delhi]]
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| key_people = Chairman- Pradeep Gupta Executive Director- [https://www.linkedin.com/in/arman-ali-b801699/ Arman Ali]
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| website = {{URL|http://ncpedp.org/}}
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'''National Centre for Promotion of Employment for Disabled People''' is a [[New Delhi]]-based [[Trust company|trust]] established in 1996. It was set up post enactment of [[Persons With Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995|1995 PWD Act]] to champion the cause of [[disability rights]]. <ref>{{cite news|title=Disability Rights Advocacy and Employment: An Indian Example|url= https://www.mcgill.ca/ihsp/files/ihsp/laura_benshoff_ihsp_presentation.pdf}}</ref> The organization's philosophy is that society needs to change traditionally held views of "charity and welfare to those of productivity and empowerment of disabled people". Its founder and first director was [[Javed Abidi]] and is currently headed by Arman Ali, who succeeded the founder in October 2018.<ref>{{cite news|title=National Centre for Promotion of Employment for Disabled People|url= https://www.tnpscthervupettagam.com/currentaffairs-detail/national-centre-for-promotion-of-employment-for-disabled-people-ncpedp}}</ref> It operates through a team of Program Managers and Program Officers who work on their specific areas. <ref>{{cite news|title=our-team|url= https://ncpedp.org/our-team/}}</ref>

National Centre for Promotion of Employment for Disabled People (NCPEDP) is [[India]]'s only cross-disability, non-profit organization, working as an interface between the government, industry, international agencies, and the voluntary sector towards empowerment of persons with disabilities. The [[Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016]] seeks to ensure rights of people with disabilities. The law came into force from 19 April 2017 onwards.<ref>{{cite news|title=National Centre for Promotion of Employment for Disabled People: Dignifying the Disabled|url= https://www.isdm.org.in/talent-management/knowmore-report/national-centre-for-promotion-of-employment-for-disabled-people-dignifying-the-disabled-1061l}}</ref>

NCPEDP works on 6 core principles, also called the six pillars of the organisation, namely: 
|| Accessibility 
|| Education 
|| Employment 
|| Law/Policy 
|| Awareness 
|| Youth. <ref>{{cite news|title=National Centre for Promotion of Employment for Disabled People|url= https://pulse4development.com/organisation/national-centre-for-promotion-of-employment-for-disabled-people/}}</ref> 
NCPEDP has a pan India presence through the National Disability Network (NDN). Formed in 1999, NDN has members from the majority of States and Union Territories of the country.

==Work==
[[File:The Union Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment, Shri Thaawar Chand Gehlot at the 9th World Assembly of Disabled Peoples International, in New Delhi on April 11, 2016.jpg|thumb|9th World Assembly of Disabled Peoples International, 2016]]

NCPEDP which regularly conducts [[workshop]] to champion disability rights, has also constituted the National Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (NCRPD) consisting of disability sector leaders and experts from across the country, that meet at regular intervals to discuss ongoing pertinent issues concerning people with disabilities and to plan a viable strategy to address their issues.

In 2021, NCPEDP announced the NCPEDP-Javed Abidi Fellowship, a three-year immersive grassroots [[fellowship]] programme for differently-abled youth who are interested in disability rights and inclusion and are seeking a [[career]] in the development sector. The fellowship was introduced in association with [[Azim Premji|Azim Premji Foundation]] as part of its 25th [[anniversary]].<ref>{{cite news|title=NCPEDP announces fellowship on disability issues|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ncpedp-announces-fellowship-on-disability-issues/article34795601.ece}}</ref>

For the last 25 years, NCPEDP has been advocating for viewing the issues of disabled people with a rights-based approach and equality and gender-based lens; subsequently moving away from traditionally held views of charity and welfare. Since 1996, NCPEDP has successfully advocated for several policies that have positively impacted the lives of thousands of people with disabilities.

NCPEDP also published a series of teaching-learning modules co-developed by [[UNESCO]] and P&G Whisper India aimed at integrating [[menstrual period]] and [[puberty]] education in school curricula.
<ref>{{cite news|title=Menstrual health and hygiene management: a module for persons with disabilities|url= https://healtheducationresources.unesco.org/organizations/national-centre-promotion-employment-disabled-people}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news|title=P&G Whisper & UNESCO Collaborates on Menstrual Health and Hygiene Campaign in Hyd|url= https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/health-and-wellbeing/190623/pg-whisper-unesco-collaborates-on-menstrual-health-and-hygiene-camp.html}}</ref> In 2023, NCPEDP in collaboration with the [[National Human Rights Commission]] and [[Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority]] (IRDA) held a stakeholders consultation with [[List_of_disability_organizations|disability advocacy organisations]] in [[Mumbai]] where both private and government [[List of insurance companies in India|insurance companies]] were present. Securing health insurance is a significant step towards [[healthcare]] affordability. As a result of this Arman Ali, finally managed to secure a [[health insurance]] after 7 year struggle. It may be noted that [[India]] uses a rating system to evaluate a person's degree of disability. As per the system, Ali's degree of disability is 80%. The higher the disability, more difficult it becomes to get insurance.<ref>{{cite news|title=For Disabled People in India, Securing Health Insurance Is Still a Difficult Task|url=https://thewire.in/rights/disabled-people-india-securing-health-insurance-difficult-task}}</ref> In 2023, NCPEDP in collaboration with [[Bajaj Finserv]] launched a [[Scholarship]] programme for students with disabilities. The scholarship was in line with National Education Policy 2022. It was first launched in [[Uttar Pradesh]], largest state by population in India. <ref>{{cite news|title=NCPEDP in Collaboration with Bajaj Finserv Launches a Scholarship Scheme for Students with Disabilities|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/business/ncpedp-in-collaboration-with-bajaj-finserv-launches-a-scholarship-scheme-for-students-with-disabilities20230123183027/}}</ref>

As [[2024 Indian general election|Loksabha Elections 2024]] approached NCPEDP prepared a 10-point [[manifesto]] that was circulated among 600 organisations working for PwDs, and 15,000 individuals. The manifesto, also shared with [[political parties]], called for bigger budgetary allocation for PwDs with a 5% [[Reservation in India|reservation]] in all levels of governance, and comprehensive health insurance. NCPEDP ED, Arman Ali also said as per [[Election Commission of India]], there were 1 crore PwD [[voter]] in India, adding it was time these votes mattered. He urged every single PwD to vote. “One crore votes can make a difference. The new [[slogan]] is ‘Nothing Without Us’. All of us pay taxes”. <ref>{{cite news|title=‘All persons with disabilities must vote’|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/all-persons-with-disabilities-must-vote/article68028844.ece}}</ref>

Recently, in 2024 NCPEDP and [[PVR INOX]] collaborated for the [[film]] [[Srikanth_(film)|Srikanth]], a [[biopic]] on noted visually impaired entrepreneur [[Srikanth Bolla]]. The collaboration is to ensure the film is more accessible to audiences with disabilities, by making the film available in specialized formats that cater to visually and hearing impaired. PVR INOX to ensure accessibility for the film, has earmarked 1600 wheelchair-friendly seats across various locations to accommodate patrons with disabilities.<ref>{{cite news|title='Srikanth': Rajkummar Rao Starrer Promotes Inclusivity In Cinema By Casting 70 Actors With Physical Disabilities|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/srikanth-rajkummar-rao-film-promote-inclusivity-in-cinema-with-ncpedp-and-pvr-inox-partnership-1686309}}</ref>

==NCPEDP-LTIMindtree Helen Keller Awards==

The NCPEDP-LTIMindtree Helen Keller Awards (previously NCPEDP-Mindtree Helen Keller Awards) named after [[Helen Keller]], were created in 1999 to honour people and organisations that create employment opportunities for persons with disabilities.<ref>{{cite news|title=NCPEDP-Mindtree Helen Keller Awards 2022: Nominations Invited|url=https://www.businesswireindia.com/ncpedp-mindtree-helen-keller-awards-2022-nominations-invited-81488.html}}</ref>

Arman Ali, Executive Director, NCPEDP said, “Over 70 percent of the disabled population are unemployed in the country, as per Equiv.in. The [[COVID-19]] [[pandemic]] has affected PwDs disproportionately. While thousands of people moved to [[Remote work|work remotely]] and had access to [[Alternative employment arrangements|alternative employment]] opportunities, PwDs were systematically ignored altogether yet again from all social safety nets, especially for income security." He further said "The need to create sustained opportunities in employment and entrepreneurship for persons with disabilities in both urban and rural areas is more critical than ever." He added, "By providing reasonable accommodation to persons with disabilities, organizations can create an inclusive workforce culture that does not discriminate based on disability. The NCPEDP-Mindtree Helen Keller Awards are one such effort to promote the idea of an inclusive and self-reliant India.”

Paneesh Rao, Advisor, Sustainability at LTI Mindtree said, “Building an equitable society for PwDs requires that we create and sustain opportunities for employment and entrepreneurship. We consider it an honor to be associated with NCPEDP in recognizing individuals and organizations for their pursuit and exemplary efforts and contributions toward delivering social equity and inclusion." He added, "The NCPEDP-Mindtree Helen Keller Awards promotes socio-economic inclusion and supports the empowerment of PWDs. These awards signify the positive impact of collective efforts and shared growth.”

The NCPEDP-Mindtree Helen Keller Awards are given out under the following categories:
* Category A: Role Model Persons with Disabilities
* Category B: Role Model Supporter of Increased Employment Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities
*Category C: Role Model Companies/NGOs/Institutions
*Category: Role Model Entrepreneurs with Disabilities

The latest edition (24th) of the awards were given out on 9th December 2023. The winners included [[Rajalakshmi_S._J.|Dr.Rajalakshmi S.J]], winner of Miss India Wheelchair 2014 and Miss Popularity at Miss World Wheelchair 2017; and Ummer Farook, founder and chairman of Lakshadweep Differently Abled Welfare Association (LDWA).
<ref>{{cite news|title=16 disability rights advocates honoured for fostering inclusive workforce|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/16-disability-rights-advocates-honoured-for-fostering-inclusive-workforce/article67624162.ece}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news|title=24th NCPEDP-LTIMindtree Helen Keller Awards 2023|url=https://ncpedp.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/NCPEDP-LTIMindtree-HKA-2023-Brochure_081223.pdf}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
[http://ncpedp.org/about.htm National Centre for Promotion of Employment for Disabled People website]

[[Category:Disability organisations based in India]]
[[Category:1996 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian awards]]
[[Category:Human rights organisations based in India]]