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Shark Tank India season 1

2026-05-07T09:27:51Z

DigitalKush: put up some article w/ infobox

{{Short description|Indian startup business reality television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox television season
| bg_color = #2FCE1F
| season_name = Shark Tank India
| season_number = 1
| image =
| first_aired = {{Start date|2021|12|20|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2022|02|11|df=y}}
| num_episodes = 36
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* Ashneer Grover
* [[Aman Gupta]]
* [[Anupam Mittal]]
* Ghazal Alagh
* [[Namita Thapar]]
* [[Peyush Bansal]]
* [[Vineeta Singh]]
* [[Rannvijay Singha|Rannvijay Singh]] (host)
}}
}}
The first season of [[Shark Tank India (TV Series)|Shark Tank India]] premiered on 20 December 2021 and concluded on 11 February 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Shark Tank India; here's what investors learnt|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/story/shark-tank-indias-finale-episode-to-air-today-heres-what-investors-learnt-321437-2022-02-04|access-date=2022-06-27|website=Business Today|language=en|first=Mehak|last=Agarwal|date=11 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Shark Tank India to End The Season on a High Note|url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/shark-tank-india-to-end-the-season-on-a-high-note-all-you-need-to-know-about-finale-week-5218065/|access-date=2022-02-19|website=www.india.com|language=en}}</ref>

==Format==
The first season received 62,000 aspirants from India, out of which 198 businesses were selected to pitch their ideas to the "sharks".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Ritwik |title='Shark Tank India': Pitch perfect reality comes to Indian TV |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/shark-tank-india-pitch-perfect-reality-comes-to-indian-tv-121122001422_1.html |access-date=23 December 2021 |work=Business Standard India |date=20 December 2021}}</ref> Out of 198 investment pitches at the reality TV show, 67 businesses got deals this season.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Anupam Mittal committed Rs 5.4 cr to 24 businesses on 'Shark Tank India', says companies led by women, families impressed him|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/anupam-mittal-committed-rs-5-4-cr-to-24-businesses-on-shark-tank-india-says-companies-led-by-women-families-impressed-him/articleshow/89326607.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2022-02-04}}</ref>

==Sharks ==
Any five of the following seven sharks are present in each episode except episodes 34–35.<ref name="indiadotcom">{{cite news |last1=Vaid |first1=Kritika |title=Shark Tank India: Why India First Edition Of Business Reality Show is a Must Watch |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/shark-tank-india-why-indias-first-edition-of-business-reality-show-is-a-must-watch-5147460/ |access-date=23 December 2021 |work=www.india.com |date=20 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;
!style="background: #2FCE1F;color:black" |Shark
!style="background: #2FCE1F;color:black" | Company
|-
|Ashneer Grover
|ex-Managing Director and co-founder of [[BharatPe]]
|-
|[[Aman Gupta]]
|Co-founder and Chief Marketing Officer of boAt Lifestyle
|-
|[[Anupam Mittal]]
|Founder and CEO of [[Shaadi.com]] and People Group
|-
|Ghazal Alagh
|Co-founder and CEO of [[Mamaearth]]
|-
|[[Namita Thapar]]
|Executive Director of [[Emcure Pharmaceuticals]]
|-
|[[Peyush Bansal]]
|Co-founder and CEO of [[Lenskart]]
|-
|[[Vineeta Singh]]
|CEO and co-founder of Sugar Cosmetics
|}

==Pitches and investments by sharks==
{{sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible sortable sticky-header-multi" style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:17px; width:auto;"
!colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Ep. No.
! rowspan="2" |Pitch No.l
!rowspan="2" |Brand
!rowspan="2" |Idea
! rowspan="2" |City
! rowspan="2" |Original ask
!rowspan="2" |Deal
! colspan="7" |Invested by
|-
! width="60" align="center" | '''[[Anupam Mittal]]'''
! width="60" align="center" | '''[[Aman Gupta]]'''
! width="60" align="center" | '''Ashneer Grover'''
! width="60" align="center" | '''[[Namita Thapar]]'''
! width="60" align="center" | '''[[Peyush Bansal]]'''
! width="60" align="center" | '''[[Vineeta Singh]]'''
! width="60" align="center" | '''Ghazal Alagh'''
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |1
|1
|BluePine Industries
|Frozen Momos
|Faridabad
|₹50 lakhs for 5% equity
|₹75 lakhs for 16% equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor="lightgrey" align="center" rowspan="21" '''{{n/a}}'''
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|bgcolor="lightgrey" align="center" rowspan="75" '''{{n/a}}'''
|-
|2
|Booz scooters
|Renting e-bike for mobility in private spaces
|Ahmedabad
|₹40 lakhs for 15% equity
|₹40 lakhs for 50% equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
|3
|Heart up my Sleeves
|Detachable Sleeves
|New Delhi
|₹25 lakhs for 10% equity
|₹25 lakhs for 30% equity
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |2
|4
|Tagz Foods
|Healthy Potato Chips
|Bengaluru
|₹70 lakhs for 1% equity
|₹70 lakhs for 2.75% equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|5
|Head and Heart
|Brain Development Course
|
|₹50 lakhs for 5% equity
| rowspan="3" |No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|6
|Agri Tourism
|Rural Tourism
|
|₹50 lakhs for 5% equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |3
|7
|qZense Labs
|Food Freshness Detector
|Bengaluru
|₹1 crore for 0.25% equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|8
|Peeschute
|Disposable Urine Bag
|Jalna
|₹75 lakhs for 4% equity
|₹75 lakhs for 6% equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|9
|NOCD
|Energy Drink
|Bengaluru
|₹50 lakhs for 2% equity
|₹20 lakhs for 15% equity and ₹30 lakhs debt
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor = "#9DE093" | {{Yeac}}
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |4
|10
|CosIQ
| Intelligent Skincare
|Delhi
|₹50 lakhs for 7% equity
|₹50 lakhs for 25% equity
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
|11
|JhaJi Achaar
|Pickle
|Darbhanga
|₹50 lakhs for 10% equity
|No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|12
|Bummer
|Underwear
|Ahmedabad
|₹75 lakhs for 4% equity
|₹75 lakhs for 7.5% equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |5
|13
|Revamp Moto
|E-Bike
|Nashik
|₹1 crore for 1% equity
|₹1 crore for 1.5% equity
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|14
|Hungry Heads
|Restaurant serving 80 types of Maggi
|Mumbai
|₹50 lakhs for 5% equity
|rowspan="2" |No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|15
|Shrawani Engineers
|Belly Button Shaper
|Nagpur
|₹10 lakhs for 20% equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |6
|16
|Skippi Pops
|Ice-Pops
|Hyderabad
|₹45 lakhs for 5% equity
|₹1 crore for 15% equity
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
|17
|Menstrupedia
|Menstrual Awareness Comic
|Ahmedabad
|₹50 lakhs for 10% equity
|₹50 lakhs for 20% equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|18
|Hecolll
|Pollution Resistant Fabric
|Hyderabad
|₹1 crore for 1% equity
|No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |7
|19
|Raising Superstars
|Child Development App
|Mumbai
|₹1 crore for 2% equity
|₹1 crore for 4% equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|20
|Torchit
|Products for visually impaired people
|Ahmedabad
|₹75 lakhs for 1% equity
| rowspan="2" |No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|21
|La Kheer Deli
|Kheer in variety of flavors
|Pune
|₹50 lakhs for 7.5% equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |8
|22
|Beyond Snack
|Kerala Banana Chips
|Mavelikara
|₹50 lakhs for 2.5% equity
|₹50 lakhs for 2.5% equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" |{{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" |{{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" align="center" rowspan="43" '''{{n/a}}'''
|-
|23
|Vivalyf Innovations- Easy Life
|Prickless Diabetes Testing Machine
|
|₹56 lakhs for 7.5% equity
|₹56 lakhs for 33.33% equity
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" |{{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" |{{Yeac}}
|-
|24
|Motion Breeze
|Smart Electric Motorcycle
|Vadodara
|₹30 lakhs for 3% equity
|₹30 lakhs for 6% equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" |{{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |9
|25
|Altor
|Smart Helmets
|
|₹50 lakhs for 5% equity
|₹50 lakhs for 7% equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|26
|Ariro
|Wooden Toys
|
|₹50 lakhs for 2.5% equity
|₹50 lakhs for 10% equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
|27
|Kabira Handmade
|Healthy Oils
|
|₹1 crore for 5% equity
|No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |10
|28
|Nuutjob
|Male Intimate Hygiene
|
|₹25 lakhs for 5% equity
|₹25 lakhs for 20% equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
|29
|Meatyour
|Eggs
|
|₹30 lakhs for 5% equity
|₹30 lakhs for 20% equity
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
|30
|EventBeep
|Student Community App
|
|₹30 lakhs for 2% equity
|₹30 lakhs for 3% equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" |{{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |11
|31
|Gopal's 56
|Fiber Ice Cream
|
|₹300 crores for 25% equity
|No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|32
|ARRCOAT Surface Textures
|Wall Building
|
|₹50 lakhs for 5% equity
|₹50 lakhs for 15% equity
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|33
|Farda
|Customised Streetwear
|
|₹30 lakhs for 10% equity
|₹30 lakhs for 20% equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |12
|34
|Auli Lifestyle
|Cosmetics
|
|₹75 lakhs for 4% equity
|₹75 lakhs for 15% equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|35
|SweeDesi
|Indian Sweets
|
|₹40 lakhs for 3% equity
|No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|36
|LOKA
|Metaverse App
|
|₹40 lakhs for 5% equity
|₹40 lakhs for 24% equity
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |13
|37
|Annie
|Braille Literary Device
|
|₹30 lakhs for 0.5% equity
|₹1.05 crore at 3% equity
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
|38
|Caragreen
|Eco-Friendly boxes
|
|₹50 lakhs for 10% equity
|₹50 lakhs for 20% equity
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
|39
|The Yarn Bazaar
|Yarn-Trading App
|
|₹50 lakhs for 2% equity
|₹1 crore for 10% equity
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |14
|40
|The Renal Project
|Home Dialysis Treatment
|
|₹1 crore for 3% equity
|₹1 crore at 6% equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|41
|Morikko Pure Foods
|Healthy Food Snacks
|
|₹1 crore for 3% equity
| rowspan="2" |No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|42
|Good Good Piggy Bank
|EdFinTech Company
|
|₹45 lakhs for 5% equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |15
|43
|Hammer Lifestyle
|Smart Audio Products
|
|₹30 lakhs for 3% equity
|₹1 crore for 40% equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|44
|PNT Robotics
|Robotics and Automation Solutions
|
|₹50 lakhs for 4% equity
|₹25 lakhs for 25% equity and ₹25 lakhs debt
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
|45
|Cocofit
|Coconut based beverage franchise
|
|₹5
for 5% equity
|₹5 for 5% equity
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="4" |16
|46
|Bamboo India
|Bamboo Products
|
|₹80 lakhs for 4% equity
|₹50 lakhs at 3.5% Equity and ₹30 lakhs Debt
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|47
|Flying Furr
|Dog Hygiene
|
|₹75 lakhs for 7% equity
|No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|48
|Beyond Water
|Liquid Water Enhancer
|
|₹75 lakhs for 4% equity
|₹75 lakhs for 15% Equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|49
|Let's Try
|Healthy Snacks
|
|₹45 lakhs for 2% equity
|₹45 lakhs for 12% Equity
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="4" |17
|50
|Find Your Kicks India
|Sneaker Resale
|
|₹50 lakhs for 10% equity
|₹50 lakhs for 25% equity
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
|51
|Aas Vidyalaya
|EdTech App
|
|₹1.5 crore for 3% equity
|₹1.5 Crore for 15% Equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
|52
|Outbox
|Premium Surprise-Planning
|
|₹50 lakhs for 5% equity
|No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|53
|RoadBounce
|Pothole Detection Software and Data
|
|₹80 lakhs for 10% equity
|₹80 Lakhs for 20% Equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="4" |18
|54
|Mommy's Kitchen
|Thin Crust Pizza
|
|₹90 lakhs for 3% equity
| rowspan="2" |No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|55
|India Hemp and Co
|Hemp Food Products
|
|₹50 lakhs for 4% equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|56
|Dandera Technologies
|Electric Auto Vehicle
|
|₹1 crore for 1% equity
| {{nowrap|₹1 lakh for 1%}} equity and ₹99 lakhs Debt
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|57
|Anthyesti
|Funeral Service
|
|₹50 lakhs for 2% equity
| rowspan="2" |No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="4" |19
|58
|Ethik
|Leather-free Shoes
|
|₹15 lakhs for 5% equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|59
|WeSTOCK
|Livestock health monitoring AI
|
|₹50 lakhs for 5% equity
|₹60 lakhs for 10% equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
|60
|KetoIndia
|Customised Keto Diets for various medical issues
|
|₹1.5 crore for 1.25% equity
| rowspan="2" | No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|61
|Magic Lock
|LPG Cylinder lock
|
|₹1.2 crore for 8% Equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |20
|62
|The State Plate
|Delicacies
|
|₹65 lakhs
2% Equity
|₹40 Lakhs for 3%equity and ₹25 Lakhs Debt
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" |{{Yeac}}
|-
|63
|Bakarmax
|Comics & Animation
|
|₹35 lakhs
5% Equity
|No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|64
|IN A CAN
|Can Cocktails
|
|₹50 lakhs
2% Equity
|₹1 Crore for 10% equity
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |21
|65
|Get a Whey
|Sugar-Free Icecream
|
|₹1 crore
8% Equity
|₹1 Crore for 15% equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" align="center" rowspan="11" '''{{n/a}}'''
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
|66
|Sid07 Designs
|Inventions
|
|₹47 lakhs
10% Equity
|₹25 Lakhs for 75% equity & 22 lakhs Debt
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
|-
|67
|The Quirky Naari
|Customised Apparels
|
|₹35 lakhs
5% Equity
|₹35 lakhs for 24% equity
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="4" |22
|68
|Hair Originals
|Natural Hair Extensions
|
|₹60 lakhs
2% Equity
|₹60 Lakhs for 4% equity
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
|-
|69
|Poo de Cologne
|Toilet Spray with Essential Oils
|
|₹75 lakhs
5% Equity
| rowspan="3" |No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
|-
|70
|Moonshine Meads
|Meads
|
|₹80 lakhs
0.5% Equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
|-
|71
|Falhari
|Fresh Fruits
|
|₹50 lakhs
2% Equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="4" | 23
|72
|Namhya Foods
|Ayurvedic Enriched Food
|
|₹1 crore
5% Equity
|₹50 lakhs for 10% Equity & ₹50 lakhs Debt
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
|-
|73
|Urban Monkey
|Streetwear
|
|₹1 crore
1% Equity
| rowspan="3" | No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
|-
|74
|Guardian Gears
|Motorcycle Luggage
|
|₹30 lakhs
5% Equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
|-
|75
|Modern Myth
|Bags
|
|₹75 lakhs
5% Equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" | 24
|76
|The Sass Bar
|Gifts
|
|₹40 lakhs
8% Equity
|₹50 lakhs for 35% Equity
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|bgcolor="lightgrey" align="center" rowspan="19" '''{{n/a}}'''
| bgcolor="lightgrey" align="center" rowspan="19" '''{{n/a}}'''
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
|bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
|77
|KG Agrotech
|Agricultural Innovations
|
|₹30 lakhs
10% Equity
|₹10 lakhs for 40% Equity & ₹20 lakhs Debt
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|78
|Nuskha Kitchen
|Homemade Foods
|
|₹20 lakhs
10% Equity
|No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" | 25
|79
|PawsIndia
|Dog Products
|
|₹50 lakhs
4% Equity
|₹50 lakhs for 15% Equity
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|80
|Sunfox Technologies
|Portable ECG Device
|
|₹1 crore
2% Equity
|₹1 crore for 6% Equity
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
|81
|Alpino
|Roasted Peanut Products
|
|₹1.5 crore
2% Equity
|No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" | 26
|82
|Isak Fragrances
|Perfumes
|
|₹50 lakhs
8% Equity
|₹50 lakhs for 50% Equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|83
|Julaa Automation
|Automatic Cradle
|
|₹50 lakhs
10% Equity
|No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|84
|Rare Planet
|Handicrafts
|
|₹65 lakhs
1% Equity
|₹65 lakhs for 3% Equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="4" | 27
|85
|Theka Coffee
|Coffee Products
|
|₹50 lakhs
10% Equity
|No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|86
|Watt Technovations
|Ventilated PPE Kits
|
|₹101
2% Equity
|₹101 for 4% Equity
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
|87
|Aliste Technologies
|Automation Solutions
|
|₹60 lakhs
5% Equity
|No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|88
|Insurance Samadhan
|Insurance Solutions
|
|₹1 crore
1% Equity
|₹1 Crore for 4% Equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |28
|89
|Humpy A2
|Organic Milk Products
|
|₹75 lakhs
4% Equity
|₹1 Crore for 15% Equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
|90
|Kunafa World
|Kunafa
|
|₹90 lakhs
5% Equity
|No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|91
|Gold Safe Solutions Ind.
|Anti-Suicidal Fan Rod
|
|₹50 lakhs
5% Equity
|₹50 lakhs for 30% Equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |29
|92
|Wakao Foods
|Jackfruit Products
|
|₹75 lakhs
5% Equity
|₹75 lakhs for 21% Equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
|93
|PDD Falcon
|Stainless Steel Items
|
|₹75 lakhs for 3% Equity
| rowspan="3" |No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|94
|PlayBox TV
|Streaming Platform
|
|₹1 Crore for 3.5% Equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="4" |30
|95
|Sippline Drinking Shields
|Portable Glass Attachment
|
|₹75 lakhs for 15% Equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor="lightgrey" align="center" rowspan="8" '''{{n/a}}'''
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
|bgcolor="lightgrey" align="center" rowspan="16" '''{{n/a}}'''
|-
|96
|Kabaddi Adda
|All-Kabaddi App
|
|₹80 lakhs for 1% Equity
|₹80 lakhs for 6% Equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
|97
|Shades of Spring
|Flowers
|
|₹3 crores for 1% equity
| rowspan="4" |No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|98
|Scholify
|Scholarship Platform
|
|₹50 lakhs for 7.5% equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
| rowspan="20" style="background:gold;" |
'''''F I N A L E'''''

'''''W E E K'''''
|rowspan="4" |31
|99
|Scrapshala
|Handmade Reusable Scrap Materials
|
|₹50 lakhs for 10% equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|100
|Sabjikothi
|Vegetables Storage
|
|₹60 lakhs for 2.5% equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|101
|AyuRythm
|Ayurvedic Wellness App
|
|₹75 lakhs for 2% Equity
|₹75 lakhs for 2.68% Equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|102
|Astrix
|Smart Locks
|
|₹75 lakhs for 3% Equity
| rowspan="3" |No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|rowspan="4" |32
|103
|Thea and Sid
|Proposal Solutions
|
|₹80 lakhs for 7% Equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor="lightgrey" align="center" rowspan="8" '''{{n/a}}'''
|-
|104
|Experential Etc
|Technology layered Advertisement Services
|
|₹2 crores for 4% Equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|105
|Grow fitter
|Rewards App
|
|₹50 lakhs for 1% Equity
|₹50 lakhs for 2% Equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|106
|Med Tech
|Portable ophthalmic devices
|
|₹35 lakhs for 6% Equity
|No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
| rowspan="4" |33
|107
|Colour Me Mad
|Insoles
|
|₹40 lakhs for 10% Equity
|₹40 lakhs for 25% Equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|108
|Mavi's
|Vegan Fermented Food
|
|₹40 lakhs for 5% Equity
|No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|109
|Tweek Labs
|Sportswear
|
|₹40 lakhs for 2% Equity
|₹60 lakhs for 10% Equity
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
|110
|Proxgy
|VR
|
|₹35 lakhs for 1% Equity
|₹1 crore for 10% Equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |34
|111
|Nomad Food Project
|Bacon Jams
|
|₹40 lakhs for 10% Equity
|₹40 lakhs for 20% Equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|bgcolor = "#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|-
|112
|Twee in One
|Reversible and convertible clothing
|
|₹30 lakhs for 7.5% Equity
|rowspan="3" |No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|113
|Green Protein
|Plant-Based Protein
|
|₹60 lakhs for 2% Equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|114
|On2Cook
|Fastest Cooking Device
|
|₹1 crore for 1% Equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
| rowspan="4" |35
|115
|Jain Shikanji
|Lemonade
|
|₹40 lakhs for 8% Equity
|40 lakhs For 30% Equity
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|116
|Woloo
|Washroom Finder
|
|₹50 lakhs for 4% Equity
|No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|117
|Elcare India
|Carenting for Elders
|
|₹1 crore for 2.5% Equity
|No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor = "lightgrey"|'' ''
|-
|118
|[[Lenskart]]
|Eyeware
|
| colspan="9" bgcolor="#FF9966" |'''IN POPULAR CULTURE'''
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="4" |36
|118
|Sneakare
|
|
|₹20 lakhs for 5% Equity
|21 lakhs for 12% Equity
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
|bgcolor="lightgrey" align="center" rowspan="4" '''{{n/a}}'''
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}'' ''
|bgcolor="lightgrey" align="center" rowspan="4" '''{{n/a}}'''
|-
|119
|French Crown
|
|
|₹1.5 crore for 0.33% Equity
|No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|-
|120
|Store My Goods
|
|
|₹1 crore for 1.75% Equity
|50 lakhs for 4% Equity & 50 lakhs Debt @12% interest
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}'' ''
| bgcolor="#9DE093" align="center" | {{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|-
|121
|Devnagri
|
|
|₹1 crore for 1% Equity
|No Deal
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |'' ''
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
|-
| colspan="8" bgcolor="#EAECF0" |'''Investment'''
| align="center" |'''₹5.338Cr'''
| align="center" |'''₹9.358Cr'''
| align="center" |'''₹5.383Cr'''
| align="center" |'''₹6.383Cr'''
| align="center" |'''₹8.297Cr'''
| align="center" |'''₹3.042Cr'''
| align="center" |'''₹1.2Cr'''
|-
! colspan="8" |'''Number of Deals Made'''
|24
|28
|21
|22
|27
|15
|7
|}
'''Notes'''

* In Shark Tank India Season 1, approximately Rs. 42 crores was invested in 67 startups by the sharks.<ref>{{Cite web |title=62,000 applications, 67 successful pitches: How startups bag funding on 'Shark Tank India' |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-62000-applications-67-successful-pitches-how-startups-bag-funding-on-shark-tank-india-2932650 |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>
* Later, in season 2, it was seen that JhaJi Achaar got a deal of ₹85 lakhs for 8.45% equity from [[Namita Thapar]], [[Vineeta Singh]] and Jharkhand's Angels Network.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Tina |date=2023-01-11 |title=Winning cheques at Shark Tank India is not the happy ending. Real work starts much later |url=https://theprint.in/features/winning-cheques-at-shark-tank-india-is-not-the-happy-ending-real-work-starts-much-later/1308646/ |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>
*
;Unseen Pitches

These pitches didn't air on TV and ended up without bagging a deal. All the companies are named in alphabetical order.

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible sortable" style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:17px; width:auto;"
!rowspan="2" |Brand
! rowspan="2" |Original ask
|-

|-
|Ashwa Pro
|50 lakhs for 10% equity
|-
|Canebot
|1 crore for 2.5% equity
|-
|Clensta
|1 crore for 1% equity
|-
|Deciwood
|50 lakhs for 3.5% equity
|-
|Eume
|1.5 crore for 2% equity
|-
|Gizmoswala
|75 lakhs for 5% equity
|-
|Glii
|40 lakhs for 4% equity
|-
|Happy Bar
|60 lakhs for 2% equity
|-
|Inali Assistive Tech
|50 lakhs for 5% equity
|-
|Infiniti Insects
|25 lakhs for 10% equity
|-
|Kineer
|1 crore for 10% equity
|-
|Mine 4 Nine
|75 lakhs for 4% equity
|-
|My Wealth Protector
|50 lakhs for 2.5% equity
|-
|Oye Delhi Oye
|35 lakhs for 10% equity
|-
|PiChem
|40 lakhs for 5% equity
|-
|PicSniff
|55 lakhs for 1% equity
|-
|Powertree
|1.5 crore for 2.5% equity
|-
|Sattuz
|25 lakhs for 5% equity
|-
|Scintiglo
|75 lakhs for 1% equity
|-
|Space Kidz
| 1 crore for 2% equity
|-
|Stanlee India
|60 lakhs for 3% equity
|-
|Studio Beej
|75 lakhs for 7.5% equity
|-
|Tatasthulive
|50 lakhs for 10% equity
|-
|The Iris
|10 lakhs for 15% equity
|-
|Urban Naps
|50 lakhs for 4% equity
|-
|Zypp Electric
|2.2 crore for 1% equity
|}

==In popular culture==
The sharks made a guest appearance in the thirteenth season of ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]]'',<ref>{{Citation |title=Meet The Sharks From Shark Tank India {{!}} Kaun Banega Crorepati Season 13 {{!}} Mon-Fri At 9 PM |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JP64-qe0MeQ |language=en |access-date=2023-01-20}}</ref> and in ''[[The Kapil Sharma Show]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-11 |title='I felt Kapil Sharma is not funny anymore but…': Shark Tank India's Peyush Bansal admits he had pre-conceived notions about comedian |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/kapil-sharma-is-not-funny-anymore-shark-tank-india-peyush-bansal-7767352/ |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-04|title=Ashneer Grover trolls Peyush Bansal for pitching Lenskart on Shark Tank, Anupam Mittal asks 'tum ho kaun?' Watch|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/ashneer-grover-trolls-peyush-bansal-for-pitching-lenskart-on-shark-tank-anupam-mittal-asks-tum-ho-kaun-watch-101643987683092.html|access-date=2022-02-05|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

Shark [[Peyush Bansal]] pitched his company [[Lenskart]] on Shark Tank India to his co-sharks in the context of 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-01 |title=Shark Tank India's Peyush Bansal recreates Lenskart pitch from 2010, Namita Thapar goes 'woah' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/shark-tank-india-peyush-bansal-recreates-lenskart-pitch-namita-thapar-7750965/ |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Shark Tank India': When Peyush Bansal pitched Lenskart to Ashneer Grover, Namita Thapar, other judges |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-shark-tank-india-when-peyush-bansal-pitched-lenskart-to-ashneer-grover-namita-thapar-anupam-mittal-others-2932674 |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>

==Gateway to Shark Tank India==
A special episode of Shark Tank India named ''Gateway to Shark Tank India'' streamed on 11 February 2022 on [[SonyLIV]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|date=2022-02-09|title=Shark Tank special episode: Pitchers get another chance to pitch ideas|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/shark-tank-special-episode-pitchers-get-another-chance-to-pitch-ideas-check-dates-other-details-11644418529667.html|access-date=2022-02-19|website=mint|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb episodes|16385150}}
* [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/shark-tank-india-1700000741 Shark Tank India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112192251/https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/shark-tank-india-1700000741 |date=12 January 2022 }} on [[SonyLIV]]
* [https://www.setindia.com/ae-en/shows/shark-tank-india/87 Shark Tank India] on [[Sony Entertainment Television]]
* [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/thirumani/shark-tank-india Shark Tank India Dataset] on [[Kaggle]]

{{Sony Entertainment Television India Shows|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:2021 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Sony Entertainment Television original programming]]
[[Category:Shark Tank India seasons]]

IndiGo fleet

2026-05-01T18:09:55Z

DigitalKush: created a pg nd citations

{{Short description|List of aircraft operated by IndiGo}}
{{pp-protected|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}

'''[[IndiGo]]''' is the [[List of airlines of India|largest airline of India]] since its establishment in 2006. It is also the [[List of largest airlines in Asia|second largest Asian airline]] and the [[Largest airlines in the world#Aircraft operated|world's ninth largest airline]].

{{As of|2025|9}}, the airline operates a fleet of [[narrow-body aircraft]] consisting of [[Airbus A320 family|Airbus A320-200]], [[Airbus A320neo family|A320neo]], [[Airbus A321neo|A321neo]] and [[ATR 72-600]] aircraft for passenger operations, and [[Airbus A320 family#Freighter|Airbus A321-200/P2F]] aircraft for cargo operations, making for a total of 397 aircraft.

Over 80% of the airline's aircraft are narrow-bodies. It is the [[List of Airbus A320 family operators#Airline operators|largest Airbus A320neo operator]] as well as the [[List of Airbus A320 family operators#Airline operators|largest Airbus A320neo family operator]] in the world. To cater to the rapidly growing future traffic and demands, the airline also has the world's largest aircraft order, with a total of nearly a thousand aircraft on order since June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2023 |title=Press Release |url=https://www.goindigo.in/press-releases/indigo-orders-500-airbus-a320-family-aircraft.html |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[IndiGo]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 April 2024 |title=Press Release |url=https://www.goindigo.in/press-releases/indigo-enters-the-wide-body-space-with-an-order-for-30-firm-airbus-a350-900-aircraft.html |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[IndiGo]]}}</ref>

== Current fleet ==
<onlyinclude>{{As of|2025|9}}, IndiGo operates the following aircraft:<ref>{{cite web|title=Seat map and Aircraft information|url=https://www.goindigo.in/aircraft-and-fleet.html|publisher=IndiGo|access-date=25 November 2025|archive-date=2 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002011009/https://www.goindigo.in/aircraft-and-fleet.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Airbus">{{Cite web |date= |title=Airbus Orders and Deliveries |url=https://www.airbus.com/en/products-services/commercial-aircraft/orders-and-deliveries |access-date=25 November 2025 |website=www.airbus.com |language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|+ IndiGo fleet
|-
! rowspan="2" |Aircraft
! rowspan="2" |In service
! rowspan="2" |Orders
! colspan="3" |Passengers
! rowspan="2" |Notes
|-
!<abbr title="IndiGo Stretch">W</abbr>
!<abbr title="Economy">Y</abbr>
!Total
|-
|[[Airbus A320-200]]
|26
|—
|—
|180
|180
|To be retired.<ref>{{cite news|title=IndiGo to phase out 120 A320 ceos in 2 years; working with partners for better prices|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/indigo-to-experiment-with-new-revenue-model-eyes-additional-liquidity-worth-up-to-rs-4000-cr/articleshow/76159130.cms|date=2 June 2020|access-date=5 June 2020|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|archive-date=16 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716125716/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/indigo-to-experiment-with-new-revenue-model-eyes-additional-liquidity-worth-up-to-rs-4000-cr/articleshow/76159130.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Airbus A320neo]]
|23
| rowspan="2" |235
| rowspan="2" |—
|180
|180
| rowspan="2" |Largest operator.<ref name="Fleet">{{cite report |url=https://www.airbus.com/sites/g/files/jlcbta136/files/2024-12/ods-december-2024-airbus-commercial-aircraft-pe231.xlsx |title=Airbus Orders & Deliveries till December 2024 |date= |publisher=[[Airbus]] |access-date=11 December 2024 }}</ref>
|-
|156
|186
|186
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Airbus A321neo]]
|39<ref>{{cite web|access-date=5 August 2024|title=IndiGo Stretch: New IndiGo Business Class|url=https://aviationa2z.com/index.php/2024/11/14/indigo-flight-with-business-class-stretch-takes-off/|website=Aviation A2Z|archive-date=26 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526011117/https://onemileatatime.com/news/indigo-business-class/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" |558
|12
|208
|220
| rowspan="3" |Second largest operator.<ref name="Fleet" />
|-
|9
| rowspan="2" |—
|222
|222
|-
|105
|232
|232
|-
|[[Airbus A321XLR]]<ref>{{cite news|date=6 September 2023|title=India's IndiGo orders an additional ten A320Ns|url=https://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/news/131511-indias-indigo-orders-an-additional-ten-a320ns|access-date=20 September 2023|publisher=ch-aviation|archive-date=20 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920123912/https://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/news/131511-indias-indigo-orders-an-additional-ten-a320ns|url-status=live}}</ref>
|1
|68
|12
|183
|195<ref>{{cite news|title=IndiGo confirms A321XLR will have business class|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/airlines/indigo-confirms-a321xlr-will-have-business-class-seats/162284.article|date=20 March 2025|access-date=25 November 2025|publisher=Flightglobal}}</ref>
|Largest order.<ref>{{cite news|date=11 May 2022|title=Airbus defers A321neo(XLR) service entry to 2024|url=https://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/news/115368-airbus-defers-a321neoxlr-service-entry-to-2024|access-date=19 November 2022|publisher=Ch-aviation|language=en-US|archive-date=29 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129072442/https://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/news/115368-airbus-defers-a321neoxlr-service-entry-to-2024|url-status=live}}</ref> Deliveries from 2025.<ref>{{cite news|title=India's IndiGo eyes Amsterdam with A321neo(XLR)s|url=https://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/news/131685-indias-indigo-eyes-amsterdam-with-a321neoxlrs|date=8 September 2023|access-date=20 September 2023|publisher=Ch-aviation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-01-07 |title=IndiGo shares glimpses of India’s first A321 XLR aircraft arrival in Delhi; here's all you need to know |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/indigo-shares-glimpses-of-indias-first-a321-xlr-aircraft-heres-all-you-need-to-know/articleshow/126386983.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2026-01-07 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
|-
|[[Airbus A350-900]]
|—
|60
| colspan="3" |<abbr title="To Be Announced">TBA</abbr>
|Order with 40 options.<ref name="IndiGo A350">{{cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/indigo-enters-wide-body-space-by-placing-order-for-30-airbus-a350-900-aircraft-12708198.html|title=IndiGo enters wide-body space by placing order for 30 Airbus A350-900 aircraft|work=Moneycontrol|accessdate=25 April 2024|archive-date=25 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425115429/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/indigo-enters-wide-body-space-by-placing-order-for-30-airbus-a350-900-aircraft-12708198.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Deliveries from 2027.<ref name="IndiGo A350" />
|-
|[[ATR 72-600]]
|47
|—
|—
|78
|78
|

|-
! colspan="7" |{{anchor|Cargo_fleet}}IndiGo CarGo fleet
|-
|[[Airbus A320 family#Passenger-to-freighter (P2F)|Airbus A321-200/P2F]]
|3
|1
| colspan="3" |<abbr title="Cargo">Cargo</abbr>
|<ref>{{cite press release|title=IndiGo cargo inducts the first A321 P2F freighter|url=https://www.goindigo.in/press-releases/indigo-cargo-live-inducts-the-first-a321-p2f-freighter.html|publisher=IndiGo|date=4 October 2023|access-date=31 October 2023|archive-date=17 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217104139/https://www.goindigo.in/press-releases/indigo-cargo-live-inducts-the-first-a321-p2f-freighter.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!Total
!409
!922
! colspan="4" |
|}
</onlyinclude>

=== Gallery ===
<gallery class="center" mode="packed-hover" heights="125" caption="Hover over each photo to view label detail">
File:DSC_3886-VT-IFE_(10386595974).jpg|[[Airbus A320-200]]
File:IndiGo_Airbus_A320neo_F-WWDG_(to_VT-ITI)_(28915135713).jpg|[[Airbus A320neo family|Airbus A320neo]]
File:VT-IUA INDIGO AIRBUS A321-271NX (51189999334).jpg|[[Airbus A321neo]]
File:F-WWED - ATR 72-600 - IndiGo (test in flight) (48929182202).jpg|[[ATR 72-600]]
</gallery>

== Former fleet ==

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|+Former fleet
|-
!Aircraft
!Total<ref name="Airbus" />
!Introduced
!Retired
!Replacement
!Notes
|-
|[[Airbus A320-200]]
|74
|2006
|2025
|[[Airbus A320neo]]
|
|-
|[[Airbus A320neo]]
|31
|2016
|2025
|None
|
|}

== Fleet history ==

* On 16 June 2005, IndiGo placed an order for 100 Airbus A320-200 aircraft worth US$6 billion during the [[Paris Air Show]] with plans to commence operations in mid 2006.<ref name="order2">{{cite news |date=22 June 2005 |title=IndiGo Airlines to fly soon |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2005-06-22/news/27477022_1_lease-planes-aircraft-airbus-industrie |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120726091711/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2005-06-22/news/27477022_1_lease-planes-aircraft-airbus-industrie |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 July 2012 |access-date=16 March 2016 |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=16 June 2005 |title=Airbus wins $6bn order from India |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4098906.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128051127/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4098906.stm |archive-date=28 November 2011 |access-date=30 August 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Airbus Orders and Deliveries |url=http://www.airbus.com/en/corporate/orders_and_deliveries |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110113132719/http://www.airbus.com/company/history/ |archive-date=13 January 2011 |access-date=30 August 2010 |publisher=Airbus}}</ref>

* On 28 July 2006, the airline received its first A320-200. The airline planned to induct 100 aircraft by 2015–2016.<ref>{{cite press release |title=IndiGo celebrates delivery of first Airbus A320 |date=28 July 2006 |url=http://www.airbus.com/newsevents/news-events-single/detail/indigo-celebrates-delivery-of-first-airbus-a320/ |access-date=19 March 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065007/http://www.airbus.com/newsevents/news-events-single/detail/indigo-celebrates-delivery-of-first-airbus-a320/ |archive-date=4 March 2016 |work=Airbus}}</ref>

* On 12 January 2011, IndiGo signed a [[memorandum of understanding]] for an additional 180 [[Airbus A320 family]] aircraft, including 150 with the New Engine Option (neo), worth US$15 billion.

* On 12 February 2012, the airline took delivery of its 50th aircraft,<ref name="50th2">{{cite news |date=10 February 2012 |title=IndiGo gets delivery of its 50th Airbus A320 aircraft |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-02-10/news/31046344_1_indigo-president-aditya-ghosh-new-flights-airbus-aircraft |access-date=16 March 2016 |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] |archive-date=28 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328185653/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-02-10/news/31046344_1_indigo-president-aditya-ghosh-new-flights-airbus-aircraft |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the 100th aircraft was delivered on 4 November 2014, completing its initial order ahead of schedule.<ref>{{cite news |date=4 November 2014 |title=IndiGo gets 100th aircraft completing its first order of many Airbus A-320 |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/indigo-gets-100th-aircraft-completing-its-first-order-of-many-airbus-a-32/articleshow/45037857.cms |access-date=4 November 2014 |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] |archive-date=19 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819234434/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/indigo-gets-100th-aircraft-completing-its-first-order-of-many-airbus-a-32/articleshow/45037857.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

* The [[Airbus A320neo family]] aircraft ordered in 2011 were to be delivered starting 2015.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sinha |first=Saurabh |date=13 January 2011 |title=Aircraft order is just a drop in ocean: IndiGo |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Aircraft-order-is-just-a-drop-in-ocean-IndiGo/articleshow/7273266.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110117014257/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Aircraft-order-is-just-a-drop-in-ocean-IndiGo/articleshow/7273266.cms |archive-date=17 January 2011 |access-date=13 January 2011 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> However, due to a delay in the production and delivery of these aircraft, IndiGo [[Dry lease|dry-leased]] a total of 22 used aircraft to cope with the demand.<ref name="Delay2">{{cite news |date=21 December 2016 |title=Airbus delays A320neo delivery for Indian airline IndiGo |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/airbus-group-interglobe-idUKL8N14A1YE20151221 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326020539/http://uk.reuters.com/article/airbus-group-interglobe-idUKL8N14A1YE20151221 |archive-date=26 March 2016 |access-date=19 March 2016 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>

* On 15 October 2014, IndiGo expressed its intention to order a further 250 A320neo aircraft worth US$25.7 billion at list prices.<ref>{{cite news |date=16 October 2014 |title=40 billion jet spending spree |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/40-billion-jet-buying-spree-101537875.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305202802/http://finance.yahoo.com/news/40-billion-jet-buying-spree-101537875.html |archive-date=5 March 2016 |access-date=19 March 2016 |publisher=[[Yahoo]]}}</ref>

* On 15 August 2015, IndiGo confirmed the order for 250 A320neo aircraft for $26.5 billion. The order also provided IndiGo an option to convert some A320neos to A321LRs that can seat more passengers and fly on longer routes.<ref>{{cite news |date=27 August 2015 |title=Would be foolish to not focus on India, says IndiGo airlines president Aditya Ghosh |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/opinion/interviews/would-be-foolish-to-not-focus-on-india-says-indigo-airlines-president-aditya-ghosh/articleshow/48689889.cms |access-date=19 March 2016 |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] |archive-date=17 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517161043/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/opinion/interviews/would-be-foolish-to-not-focus-on-india-says-indigo-airlines-president-aditya-ghosh/articleshow/48689889.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The order for 250 jets was Airbus' single largest order by number of aircraft.<ref>{{cite press release |title=IndiGo signs MoU for 250 A320neo aircraft |date=15 October 2014 |url=http://www.airbus.com/newsevents/news-events-single/detail/indigo-signs-mou-for-250-a320neo-aircraft/ |access-date=19 March 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235908/http://www.airbus.com/newsevents/news-events-single/detail/indigo-signs-mou-for-250-a320neo-aircraft/ |archive-date=3 March 2016 |work=Airbus}}</ref>

* On 11 March 2016, IndiGo received its first A320neo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-28 |title=India's IndiGo takes delivery of its first A320neo {{!}} Airbus |url=https://www.airbus.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2016-03-indias-indigo-takes-delivery-of-its-first-a320neo |access-date=2025-10-23 |website=www.airbus.com |language=en}}</ref>

* On 9 May 2017, IndiGo tentatively signed for 50 [[ATR 72-600]] [[turboprop]] aircraft for the [[UDAN]] regional connectivity scheme, to be delivered from the year end for up to 20 by the end of 2018.<ref>{{cite news |author=David Kaminski-Morrow |date=9 May 2017 |title=IndiGo tentatively signs for 50 ATRs |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/indigo-tentatively-signs-for-50-atrs-437012/ |work=Flight Global |access-date=11 September 2024 |archive-date=30 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730224552/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/indigo-tentatively-signs-for-50-atrs-437012/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

* On 17 November 2017, IndiGo took delivery of its first ATR 72-600.<ref>{{cite news |author=Niall O'Keeffe |date=17 November 2017 |title=IndiGo takes delivery of first ATR |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/picture-indigo-takes-delivery-of-first-atr-443417/ |access-date=19 November 2017 |work=Flight Global |archive-date=31 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180531235414/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/picture-indigo-takes-delivery-of-first-atr-443417/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 10 October 2019, Airbus delivered its 1000th A320neo aircraft to IndiGo.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 October 2019 |title=Airbus marks its 1,000th A320neo Family aircraft delivery |url=https://www.airbus.com/newsroom/press-releases/en/2019/10/airbus-marks-its-1000th-a320neo-family-aircraft-delivery.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126062259/https://www.airbus.com/newsroom/press-releases/en/2019/10/airbus-marks-its-1000th-a320neo-family-aircraft-delivery.html |archive-date=26 January 2021 |access-date=11 September 2024 |work=Airbus.com}}</ref>

* On 29 October 2019, IndiGo placed a firm order for 300 A320neo family aircraft comprising a mix of 87 A320neo, 144 A321neo and 69 A321XLR, taking IndiGo's total number of A320neo family aircraft orders to 730.<ref>{{cite press release |title=IndiGo signs for 300 A320neo Family aircraft |date=28 October 2021 |publisher=Airbus |url=https://www.airbus.com/newsroom/press-releases/en/2019/10/indigo-signs-for-300-a320neo-family-aircraft.html |access-date=1 December 2023 |archive-date=29 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029142409/https://www.airbus.com/newsroom/press-releases/en/2019/10/indigo-signs-for-300-a320neo-family-aircraft.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

* On 28 May 2023, IndiGo inducted its first [[wide-body aircraft]], a [[Boeing 777|Boeing 777-300ER]] [[wet leased]] from [[Turkish Airlines]].<ref>{{cite news |date=28 May 2023 |title=IndiGo's reveals new livery on Boeing 777 aircraft |url=https://www.timesaerospace.aero/news/air-transport/indigos-reveals-new-livery-on-boeing-777-aircraft |access-date=25 June 2023 |publisher=Times Aerospace |archive-date=22 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922135736/https://www.timesaerospace.aero/news/air-transport/indigos-reveals-new-livery-on-boeing-777-aircraft |url-status=live }}</ref>

* On 19 June 2023, the airline placed an order for 500 Airbus A320neo family aircraft worth $55 billion excluding potential bulk-order concessions.<ref>{{cite news |date=19 June 2023 |title=Record aircraft purchase announced at Paris Airshow |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65952879 |access-date=19 June 2023 |publisher=BBC News |archive-date=22 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922135849/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65952879 |url-status=live }}</ref> It is the largest single aircraft order in commercial aviation history with deliveries between 2030 and 2035.<ref name="Largest Order2">{{cite news |date=19 June 2023 |title=Largest Aircraft Order: IndiGo Places Order For 500 Airbus Neo Family Planes |url=https://www.news18.com/business/largest-aircraft-order-indigo-places-order-for-500-airbus-neo-family-planes-8118565.html |access-date=19 June 2023 |newspaper=News18 |archive-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619141747/https://www.news18.com/business/largest-aircraft-order-indigo-places-order-for-500-airbus-neo-family-planes-8118565.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

* On 25 April 2024, IndiGo signed a deal with Airbus for 30 [[Airbus A350-900|A350-900]] aircraft with 70 options at a cost of US$5 billion, thereby taking the total number to a hundred [[wide-body aircraft]]. This order marked the airline's entry to consist of and operate wide-body aircraft for the first time in its history in a full-fledged way as part of its long-term future plans. The deliveries of these aircraft will begin from 2027.<ref>{{cite press release |title=IndiGo enters the wide-body space with an order for 30 Firm Airbus A350-900 aircraft |date=25 April 2024 |publisher=IndiGo |url=https://www.goindigo.in/content/dam/goindigo/investor-relations/press-releases/2024/240425 |access-date=25 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Patel |first=Deepak |date=25 April 2024 |title=IndiGo places $5 billion order for 30 A350-900 widebody aircraft |url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/indigo-places-5-billion-order-for-30-airbus-a350-900-widebody-planes-124042501164_1.html |access-date=24 April 2024 |website=Business Standard |language=en |archive-date=25 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425175126/https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/indigo-places-5-billion-order-for-30-airbus-a350-900-widebody-planes-124042501164_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

* Since May 2024, IndiGo is also planning to place an order of at least a hundred smaller, regional aircraft such as the ATR 72, the [[Airbus A220]] or the [[Embraer E-Jet E2 family|Embraer E175]], to further give impetus on regional expansion and connectivity.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiGo in talks for 100 smaller planes as part of plan to widen regional network - The Economic Times |url=https://m.economictimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/indigo-in-talks-for-100-smaller-planes-as-part-of-plan-to-widen-regional-network/articleshow/110094088.cms |access-date=14 May 2024 |website=m.economictimes.com |date=14 May 2024 |archive-date=14 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514010019/https://m.economictimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/indigo-in-talks-for-100-smaller-planes-as-part-of-plan-to-widen-regional-network/amp_articleshow/110094088.cms |url-status=live |last1=Majumder |first1=Arindam }}</ref>
* On 14 November 2024, the airline's first A321neo with IndiGo's brand new business class product, namely IndiGo Stretch, entered service.<ref>{{cite web |title=IndiGo Stretch: New IndiGo Business Class |url=https://aviationa2z.com/index.php/2024/11/14/indigo-flight-with-business-class-stretch-takes-off/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526011117/https://onemileatatime.com/news/indigo-business-class/ |archive-date=26 May 2024 |access-date=5 August 2024 |website=Aviation A2Z}}</ref>
* On 1 March 2025, IndiGo started operating a damp-leased [[Boeing 787 Dreamliner|Boeing 787-9]] from [[Norse Atlantic Airways]] to augment its long-haul fleet.<ref>{{Cite news |title=IndiGo expands wide-body fleet with 2 more Boeing 787-9 aircraft from Norse Atlantic Airways |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/business-news/indigo-expands-wide-body-fleet-with-2-more-boeing-787-9-aircraft-from-norse-atlantic-airways/122904}}</ref>
* On 17 October 2025, IndiGo placed a firm order for 30 [[Airbus A350|Airbus A350-900]] aircraft, bringing the total order to 60.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2025-10-17 |title=IndiGo orders 30 more A350-900s {{!}} Airbus |url=https://www.airbus.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2025-10-indigo-places-firm-order-for-30-additional-a350-900-airbus |access-date=2025-10-23 |website=www.airbus.com |language=en}}</ref>
* On 7 January 2026, the airline received its first A321XLR<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-01-07 |title=IndiGo shares glimpses of India’s first A321 XLR aircraft arrival in Delhi; here's all you need to know |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/indigo-shares-glimpses-of-indias-first-a321-xlr-aircraft-heres-all-you-need-to-know/articleshow/126386983.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2026-01-07 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

=== Engine type ===
Since 2020, all aircraft that are being delivered to IndiGo are fitted with [[CFM LEAP|CFM LEAP-1A]] engines leaving GTF.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Haris |first=Lex |date=9 November 2023 |title=IndiGo Deals With Grounding More Planes Over Engine Issues |url=https://skift.com/2023/11/09/indigo-deals-with-grounding-more-planes-over-engine-issues/#:~:text=IndiGo%20gave%20up%20on%20GTF,been%20CFM%20LEAP-1A%20engines. |access-date=13 September 2024 |website=Skift |language=en-US |archive-date=13 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913044044/https://skift.com/2023/11/09/indigo-deals-with-grounding-more-planes-over-engine-issues/#:~:text=IndiGo%20gave%20up%20on%20GTF,been%20CFM%20LEAP-1A%20engines. |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Livery ==
[[File:Airbus A320-232, IndiGo Airlines JP7457952.jpg|thumb|[[Indigo]] and sky blue livery]]The airline uses a two tone blue livery on a white background with the belly of the aircraft painted in indigo with the logo in white.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 February 2011 |title=The man behind IndiGo's amazing success |url=http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-man-behind-indigos-amazing-success/20110208.htm |access-date=19 March 2016 |work=[[Rediff]] |archive-date=30 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330195830/http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-man-behind-indigos-amazing-success/20110208.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Grounded fleet ==
By September 2023, it was revealed by [[Pratt & Whitney]] that its [[Pratt & Whitney PW1000G|PW1000G]] [[geared turbofan]] engines needs to be removed or replaced from the A320neo aircraft across the globe for inspection due to discovery of use of [[Pratt & Whitney PW1000G#Metal contamination recall|contaminated powdered metal]] being used in production of some engine parts leading to cracks in the engines. Such problems with the engines were first announced in July 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pfeifer |first1=Sylvia |last2=Claire |first2=Bushey |last3=Georgiadis |first3=Philip |date=14 August 2023 |title=Airlines rush to avoid cancellations after engine recall |url=https://www.ft.com/content/293fa80a-61a8-499b-bddd-c8c27accdf5d |access-date=14 August 2023 |work=Financial Times |archive-date=14 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814053111/https://www.ft.com/content/293fa80a-61a8-499b-bddd-c8c27accdf5d |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Writer |first=Stephen SingerStaff |date=12 September 2023 |title=Pratt & Whitney engines suffer production troubles, but not in Maine |url=https://www.pressherald.com/2023/09/12/pratt-whitney-engines-suffer-production-troubles-but-not-in-maine/ |access-date=17 October 2023 |website=Press Herald |archive-date=12 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212142234/https://www.pressherald.com/2023/09/12/pratt-whitney-engines-suffer-production-troubles-but-not-in-maine/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In November 2023, several reports revealed that 45-50 aircraft were already grounded due to the engine issue and the numbers would reach 70-80 by January-March 2024. However, this did not affect the operations of the airline as they retained 14 older aircraft, extended leases on 36 aircraft, and will lease 11 aircraft in November and 12 aircraft in January. Of the 23 A320s being leased, 11 will be on short term wet-lease, while the rest will be on dry-lease.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2023 |title=How IndiGo is flying smooth despite the grounding of planes - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/aviation/how-indigo-is-flying-smooth-despite-the-grounding-of-planes-18281181.htm |access-date=19 September 2024 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en |archive-date=22 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922135735/https://www.cnbctv18.com/aviation/how-indigo-is-flying-smooth-despite-the-grounding-of-planes-18281181.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Majumder |first=Arindam |date=8 November 2023 |title=80 IndiGo aircraft will be grounded between January-March |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/80-indigo-aircraft-will-be-grounded-between-january-march/articleshow/105048080.cms?from=mdr |access-date=19 September 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=19 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919095019/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/80-indigo-aircraft-will-be-grounded-between-january-march/articleshow/105048080.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> Later, the airline also leased 9 [[Boeing 737 MAX|Boeing 737 MAX 8]] aircraft from [[Qatar Airways]] for operations on the India-[[Doha]] route.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2024 |title=IndiGo secures Boeing 737 MAX aircraft from Qatar Airways amidst operational challenges |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/airlines-aviation-indigo-secures-boeing-737-max-aircraft-from-qatar-airways-amidst-operational-challenges-3566251/ |access-date=19 September 2024 |website=Financialexpress |language=en |archive-date=12 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912062716/https://www.financialexpress.com/business/airlines-aviation-indigo-secures-boeing-737-max-aircraft-from-qatar-airways-amidst-operational-challenges-3566251/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 July 2024 |title=IndiGo to lease 6 Boeing 737 MAX planes from Qatar Airways to operate Doha flights |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/aviation/indigo-boeing-737-max-planes-qatar-airways-doha-flights-9477774/ |access-date=19 September 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=22 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922135736/https://indianexpress.com/article/business/aviation/indigo-boeing-737-max-planes-qatar-airways-doha-flights-9477774/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

By February 2024, the number of grounded aircraft reached the mid 70s as per schedule. The reasons for grounding aircraft included both supply chain issues and PW1000G engine inspection. Grounding of more than 40 aircraft was due to PW's engine problem, while an additional 60 aircraft utilised the same engine and were to be grounded afterwards.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2024 |title=IndiGo has more than 70 aircraft grounded at the moment |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/indigo-has-more-than-70-aircraft-grounded-at-the-moment-12182781.html |access-date=19 September 2024 |website=Financial Express |archive-date=19 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919084523/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/indigo-has-more-than-70-aircraft-grounded-at-the-moment-12182781.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

As of September 2024, the number of aircraft on ground for Pratt and Whitney engine issues is stable at 70 aircraft. In fact, the number is expected to drop in the near future.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=IndiGo's Pratt & Whitney related Aircraft on Ground situation sees stabilisation |url=https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/amp/news/aviation/indigos-pratt-whitney-related-aircraft-on-ground-situation-sees-stabilisation/113462995 |access-date=19 September 2024 |website=ETInfra |language=en |archive-date=19 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919084524/https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/amp/news/aviation/indigos-pratt-whitney-related-aircraft-on-ground-situation-sees-stabilisation/113462995 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Airbus]]
* [[Air India fleet]]
* [[Turkish Airlines fleet]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Lists of aircraft by operator]]
[[Category:IndiGo]]

Kailash Jatav

2026-04-30T02:22:44Z

DigitalKush: created first info needs work

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Dr. Kailash Jatav
| office = Member of the [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Gotegaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gotegaon]]
| term_start = 2013
| term_end = 2018
| predecessor = Narmada Prasad Prajapati
| successor = Narmada Prasad Prajapati
| office2 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party – Madhya Pradesh|President of BJP SC Morcha, Madhya Pradesh]]
| term_start2 = 2020
| term_end2 = 5 Dec 2025
| appointer2 = [[Lal Singh Arya]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| profession = Politician
| successor2 = Bhagwan Singh Parmar
}}

'''Kailash Jatav''' is an Indian politician and a senior leader of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) from [[Madhya Pradesh]]. He is serving as the State President of the BJP Scheduled Caste (SC) Morcha in Madhya Pradesh and was a Member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly from [[Gotegaon Assembly constituency|Gotegaon (SC)]].

== Political career ==
Dr. Jatav contested the 2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from the Gotegaon (SC) constituency on a Bharatiya Janata Party ticket and won, defeating the sitting legislator Narmada Prasad Prajapati.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dr Kailash Jatav – MP Assembly Election 2013 affidavit |url=https://www.myneta.info/mp2013/candidate.php?candidate_id=783 |accessdate=2 December 2025 |publisher=MyNeta}}</ref>

He contested the same constituency in the 2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election as a BJP candidate but was defeated, and the seat was again won by Narmada Prasad Prajapati.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dr Kailash Jatav – MP Assembly Election 2018 affidavit |url=https://www.myneta.info/madhyapradesh2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=3583 |accessdate=2 December 2025 |publisher=MyNeta}}</ref>

== Party positions ==
Dr. Kailash Jatav has held the position of State President of the BJP Scheduled Caste (SC) Morcha in Madhya Pradesh. In this role, he has worked to strengthen the party's organisational presence among Scheduled Caste communities across the state.<ref>{{cite web |title=BJP Madhya Pradesh – State Morchas Presidents |url=https://mp.bjp.org/state-morchas-president |accessdate=2 December 2025 |publisher=Bharatiya Janata Party, Madhya Pradesh}}</ref>

== Electoral history ==

* '''2013''' – Elected as MLA from Gotegaon, succeeding Narmada Prasad Prajapati.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gotegaon Assembly Election Results 2013 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/madhya-pradesh/constituency-show/gotegaon |accessdate=2 December 2025 |publisher=The Times of India}}</ref>
* '''2018''' – Contested from Gotegaon as a BJP candidate; defeated by Narmada Prasad Prajapati.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dr Kailash Jatav – 2018 election details |url=https://www.myneta.info/madhyapradesh2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=3583 |accessdate=2 December 2025 |publisher=MyNeta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jatav, Kailash}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:People from Narsinghpur district]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

2017–18 Aizawl FC season

2026-04-27T13:57:11Z

DigitalKush: made first data basic info

{{Short description|Indian football club season}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2017}}
{{Infobox football club season
| club = [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
| season = [[2017–18 in Indian football|2017–18]]
| manager = [[Paulo Menezes (football coach)|Paulo Menezes]] (until 12 February) [[Santosh Kashyap]] (from 13 February)
| chairman = [[Robert Romawia Royte]]
| stadium = [[Rajiv Gandhi Stadium, Aizawl|Rajiv Gandhi Stadium]]
| league = [[I-League]]
| league result = '''5th'''
| cup1 = [[AFC Champions League]]
| cup1 result = '''Play-off round'''
| cup2 = [[AFC Cup]]
| cup2 result = '''Group stage'''
| cup3 = [[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]
| cup3 result = '''Quarter finals'''
| league2 = [[Mizoram Premier League]]
| league2 result = '''Runners-up'''
| league topscorer = [[Yugo Kobayashi]] (4 goals) [[Léonce Dodoz Zikahi]] (4 goals)
| season topscorer = [[Andrei Ionescu]] (12 goals)
| highest attendance = 7,280 vs [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] (16 January 2018)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/2220_Match_Summary_V1_1516107862.pdf|title=Aizawl vs East Bengal Match Report|date=16 January 2018|website=i-league.org|language=en|access-date=10 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311083024/https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/2220_Match_Summary_V1_1516107862.pdf|archive-date=11 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
| lowest attendance = 2,800 vs [[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]] (2 March 2018)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/2247_Match_Summary_V2_1520010177.pdf|title=Aizawl vs Gokulam Kerala Match Report|date=2 March 2018|website=i-league.org|language=en|access-date=10 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311082448/https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/2247_Match_Summary_V2_1520010177.pdf|archive-date=11 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
| average attendance = 4,255
| pattern_la1 =
| pattern_b1 =
| pattern_ra1 =
| pattern_sh1 =_white stripes
| pattern_so1 =_2 white stripes
| leftarm1 = FF0000
| body1 = FF0000
| rightarm1 = FF0000
| shorts1 = FF0000
| socks1 = FF0000
| pattern_la2 =
| pattern_b2 =
| pattern_ra2 =
| pattern_sh2 =_red stripes
| pattern_so2 =_2 red stripes
| leftarm2 = FFFFFF
| body2 = FFFFFF
| rightarm2 = FFFFFF
| shorts2 = FFFFFF
| socks2 = FFFFFF
| prevseason = [[2016–17 Aizawl F.C. season|2016–17]]
| nextseason = [[2018–19 Aizawl F.C. season|2018–19]]
}}
[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl Football Club]] held its thirty-fourth season from 1 June 2017 to 31 May 2018, entering the [[2017–18 I-League|2017–18]] [[I-League]] season as the defending champions finishing fifth. They reached the final of the [[2017–18 Mizoram Premier League|Mizoram Premier League]], losing to [[Chhinga Veng F.C.|Chhinga Veng FC]].<ref name="MPLFinal" /> The club started in the [[2018 AFC Champions League]] but lost to [[Zob Ahan Esfahan F.C.|Zob Ahan]] in the playoff round.<ref name="AFCCL" /> This meant that they qualified for the [[2018 AFC Cup]] where they finished bottom of the group.<ref name="afcm6" /> In the [[2018 Indian Super Cup|Super Cup]], they were eliminated in the quarter-finals by [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]].

==Season overview==

===Pre-season===
After winning the previous season, [[Khalid Jamil]] joined [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]. He was joined by fellow team members [[Mahmoud Amnah]], [[Lalramchullova]]<ref name=523tr /> and [[Brandon Vanlalremdika]].<ref name=523tr1 /><ref>{{cite web|title=East Bengal's dismantling of Aizawl FC continues, new man signs record deal|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/east-bengal-dismantling-of-aizawl-fc-continues-new-man-to-seal-the-deal-today-khalid-jamil|accessdate=2 December 2017|publisher=sportskeeda.com|date=20 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203083009/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/east-bengal-dismantling-of-aizawl-fc-continues-new-man-to-seal-the-deal-today-khalid-jamil|archive-date=3 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The loans of [[Albino Gomes]], [[Ashutosh Mehta]] and [[Jayesh Rane]] ended without extensions, so these players returned to their respective clubs before the start of the 2017–18 season.<ref name = squadanalysis /> Fellow [[Mizoram|Mizo]] outfit [[Chhinga Veng F.C.|Chinnga Veng F.C.]] signed Aizawl's goal-keeper, [[Zothanmawia]] ahead of this season's [[2017–18 Mizoram Premier League|Mizoram Premier League]].

In June 2017, Aizawl signed a former defender and [[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]] captain, Lalchhuanawma Varte as their first signing of the season.<ref name=tr620 /> Later in June, [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]] announced the signing of Aizawl's defender [[Kingsley Obumneme]];<ref name=624tr /> Mohun Bagan announced the signing of Aizawl's defender, [[Kamo Stephane Bayi]].<ref name=626tr />

A new coach, [[Paulo Menezes (football coach)|Paulo Menezes]], was signed on 28 July.<ref name=newcoach />

===July===
[[Image:Omolajanurain.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Photograph of Kareem Onolaja looking to his left| [[Kareem Omolaja]] signed by Aizawl FC from [[Minerva Punjab F.C.]]]]
In July, Aizawl signed former midfielder, [[David Lalrinmuana]], from East Bengal. He had played for Aizawl in the 2012 [[I-League 2|I-League 2nd Division]].<ref name=tr73 /> Aizawl also signed [[Nigerian]] defender [[Kareem Omolaja]] from [[Minerva Punjab F.C.|Minerva Punjab]], former Indian defender [[Shylo Malsawmtluanga]] from [[Bhawanipore F.C.]]<ref name="tr726" />

East Bengal signed Aizawl's winger, [[Laldanmawia Ralte]] for the 2017–18 season on 9 July.<ref name=79tr />

On 23 July, in the [[2017–18 ISL Players Draft|ISL Draft]], [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]] picked [[Lalthakima]] and [[Lalruatthara]]<ref name=ISLdraft /> and [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]] picked [[Zohmingliana Ralte]].<ref name=723tr />

===August===
Aizawl announced the signing of former defender and local native [[Lalrozama Fanai]] from [[Fateh Hyderabad F.C.]] on 9 August.<ref name=tr89 />

On 18 August, Aizawl signed Japanese forward, [[Yugo Kobayashi]] from [[Songkhla United F.C.]] and a custodian, [[Avilash Paul]] from [[Pune F.C.]]<ref name=tr818 />

Aizawl also signed Ivorian striker [[Léonce Dodoz Zikahi]] on 20 August. He had played for [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]] in I-League 2nd Division in the 2016–2017 season.<ref name=tr820 /> On 24 August, Aizawl signed Afghan defender, [[Masih Saighani]], from the German club Türk Gücü Friedberg.<ref name=tr824 /> The team signed Romanian striker [[Andrei Ionescu]] from [[FC Voluntari]] on 26 August.<ref name=tr826 /> On 28 August, Aizawl announced their squad for the Mizoram Premier League.<ref name=MPLsquad />

On 31 August, Aizawl started their 2017–18 season with an away match against Ramhlun North in the 2017–18 Mizoram Premier League. Aizawl gave away an early lead to the home team, with Lalliansanga scoring for Ramhlun North in the 12th minute. They tied the score in the 35th minute with a strike from Jonathan Lalrawngbawla (Jojo). Neither team scored a goal in the second half resulting in a tie score for the match.

===September===
On 1 September, Aizawl signed Liandala Fanai from [[Chennai City F.C.|Chennai City F.C]].<ref name=tr91/>

Aizawl drew their second match on 8 September against [[Chanmari F.C.|Chanmari]] with a goal scored by both teams. Lalmuanawma scored for Chanmari in the 26th minute and David Lalrinmuana scored in the injury time of first half.<ref>{{cite web|title=MPLR2|url=https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/photos/a.798244256893163.1073741866.406517749399151/1624243367626577/?type=3|accessdate=5 December 2017|publisher=Mizoram Premier League<Facebook>|date=8 September 2017}}</ref>

On 15 September, Aizawl played their first home match against Chhinga Veng that ended in a draw. [[Lalthathanga Khawlhring]] scored for Aizawl in the 19th minute but [[Malsawmfela]] scored for Chhinga Veng three minutes later. Khawlhring scored an own-goal in the 36th minute, giving the advantage to Chhinga Veng by half-time. Jojo scored for Aizawl in the 47th minute.<ref>{{cite web|title=MPLR3|url=https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/photos/a.798244256893163.1073741866.406517749399151/1630301983687382/?type=3|accessdate=5 December 2017|publisher=Mizoram Premier League<Facebook>|date=15 September 2017}}</ref> Aizawl lost their first match in the tournament to Chanmari West 0–1 in an away match on 18 September. Lalremruata scored the only goal of the match for Chanmari West in the 74th minute. This loss placed Aizawl in seventh position with just three points in four matches.<ref>{{cite web|title=MPLR4|url=https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/photos/a.798244256893163.1073741866.406517749399151/1632740076776906/?type=3|accessdate=5 December 2017|publisher=Mizoram Premier League<Facebook>|date=18 September 2017}}</ref>

Aizawl secured their first win of the tournament by defeating the Mizoram Police FC by 6–1 on 21 September. Rochharzela scored the first [[hat-trick]] for Aizawl in the tournament with Hmingthanmawia, [[Alfred Jaryan]] and Jojo each scoring a goal. Kareem Omolaja scored the lone goal for the Mizoram Police.<ref name=MPLR5>{{cite web|title=MPLR5|url=https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/photos/pcb.1635689839815263/1635688816482032/?type=3|accessdate=5 December 2017|publisher=Mizoram Premier League<Facebook>|date=21 September 2017}}</ref> On 28 September, Aizawl secured their second consecutive win in the tournament defeating Dinthar. Omolaja and Jojo each scored for Aizawl in the first half within two minutes of each other. Lalmuankima scored the third goal for Aizawl. The two wins placed Aizawl in third position at the end of September.<ref>{{cite web|title=MPLR6|url=https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/photos/a.798244256893163.1073741866.406517749399151/1641935012524079/?type=3|accessdate=5 December 2017|publisher=Mizoram Premier League<Facebook>|date=28 September 2017}}</ref>

===October===
On 3 October, Aizawl played Bethlehem who scored first with a goal by Dawngzela in the 36th minute, and again just before half-time with a goal by Samson Ramengmawia. They maintained their lead in the second-half winning the match by 2–0.<ref>{{cite web|title=MPLR7|url=https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/photos/a.798244256893163.1073741866.406517749399151/1646598942057686/?type=3|accessdate=5 December 2017|publisher=Mizoram Premier League<Facebook>|date=3 October 2017}}</ref>

After a defeat in their first tournament meeting, Mizoram Police came back strongly on 13 October to tie the match 2–2 with Aizawl. With the loss and draw Aizawl dropped to fourth position with six games remaining in this League Stage. Aizawl beat Chanmari by 3–1 on 19 October. [[Malsawmzuala]] scored the first goal for Chanmari in the 20th minute. Aizawl responded with [[William Lalnunfela]] and Ionescu each scoring in the space of four minutes. Lalnunfela scored his second match goal in the second half.<ref>{{cite web|title=MPLR9|url=https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/photos/a.406519956065597.106374.406517749399151/1661112273939686/?type=3|accessdate=5 December 2017|publisher=Mizoram Premier League<Facebook>|date=19 October 2017}}</ref>

On 24 October, Aizawl defeated Bethlehem with a 5–1 win. Lalmuankima scored first for Aizawl in the 17th minute, but Lalnuntluanga equalized for Bethlehem three minutes later. Lalrinmuana scored a second Aizawl goal in the 25th minute and doubled their lead in the first half with a goal from their international defender, Saighani. In the second half Aizawl scored two goals, one each from Lalrinmuana and Rochharzela.<ref>{{cite web|title=MPLR10|url=https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/photos/a.798244256893163.1073741866.406517749399151/1665886106795636/?type=3|accessdate=5 December 2017|publisher=Mizoram Premier League<Facebook>|date=24 October 2017}}</ref> Aizawl defeated the in-form Chhinga Veng with a 2–0 win on 26 October. Lalmuankima scored the first goal of the match for Aizawl in the 16th minute. Chhinga Veng was never able to break the Aizawl defense. Aizawl doubled their lead in the final minutes with a goal from Jojo.<ref>{{cite web|title=MPLR11|url=https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/photos/a.406519956065597.106374.406517749399151/1667863909931189/?type=3|accessdate=5 December 2017|publisher=Mizoram Premier League<Facebook>|date=26 October 2017}}</ref>

===November===
On 1 November, Aizawl completed their first double of the tournament over Dinthar with a 4–0 victory. Lalrinmuana scored for Aizawl in the ninth minute. Later, Lalmuankima and Ionescu scored a goal each. Aizawl ended the first half with a three-goal lead. Lalnunfela scored in the second half for Aizawl, securing their place in the semifinals.<ref>{{cite web|title=MPLR12|url=https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/photos/a.798244256893163.1073741866.406517749399151/1674010999316480/?type=3|accessdate=5 December 2017|publisher=Mizoram Premier League<Facebook>|date=1 November 2017}}</ref>

On 6 November, the AFC License was awarded to Aizawl FC, allowing the team to play in AFC Club competitions for the 2017–18 season.<ref>{{cite web|title=AFC Club Licensing 2017–18 Results Declared|url=http://i-league.org/football/afc-club-licensing-2017-18-results-declared/|accessdate=6 December 2017|publisher=i-league.org|date=6 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207015110/http://i-league.org/football/afc-club-licensing-2017-18-results-declared/|archive-date=7 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> With the rise in club-rankings as current I-League champions, Aizawl FC became first Indian club to play in AFC Play-off round.<ref name=AFCPL /> Aizawl signed former East Bengal F.C. and [[NEROCA F.C.]] custodian [[Arup Debnath]] as a backup to their first choice player between the sticks on 7 November.<ref name=tr117 />

On 10 November, Aizawl won 2–0 over Chanmari West scoring a goal in both halves. Saighani scored first for Aizawl in the 25th minute. Later, Lalnunfela scored the late goal in the 88th minute, securing the team's position in the top two in League Stage.<ref>{{cite web|title=MPLR13|url=https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/photos/a.798244256893163.1073741866.406517749399151/1683480548369525/?type=3|accessdate=5 December 2017|publisher=Mizoram Premier League<Facebook>|date=10 November 2017}}</ref> Aizawl lost their last game in the League Stage of the tournament against Ramhlun North on 17 November. Lalremruata scored for Ramhlun North in the final minutes to keep their hopes of advancing to semifinals alive.<ref>{{cite web|title=MPLR14|url=https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/photos/pcb.1690460081004905/1690459481004965/?type=3|accessdate=5 December 2017|publisher=Mizoram Premier League<Facebook>|date=17 November 2017}}</ref>

On 23 November in the MPL Semifinal first leg, [[F Lalrinpuia|Lalrinpuia]] of the Mizoram Police scored the first goal in the seventh minute. Aizawl responded when Afghan defender Saighani scored for Aizawl in the 22nd minute. Later, Lalhriatrenga put the I-League champion club ahead in the 85th minute. A last-minute goal scored by Police striker [[Joseph Lalfakzuala]] tied the score.<ref>{{cite web|title=MPL 2017 Semifinal Leg-1|url=https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/photos/a.798244256893163.1073741866.406517749399151/1695722117145368/?type=3|accessdate=18 March 2018|publisher=Mizoram Premier League<Facebook>|date=23 November 2017}}</ref> Aizawl announced the arrival of [[V Laltanpuia]] and Lalthathanga Khawlhring on loan from Mizoram Police FC and [[NorthEast United FC]] respectively for 2017–18 season.

Aizawl started the [[2017–18 I-League|I-League]] with a 2–2 draw against East Bengal on 28 November in an away encounter. The Kolkata Giants scored first when [[Katsumi Yusa]]'s corner was deflected by Brandon and [[Eduardo Ferreira]] headed in at the far post. Later, Katsumi doubled East Bengal's lead when Avilash was left wrong-footed from the initial shot taken by [[Mohammed Rafique (footballer)|Mohammed Rafique]] which took a deflection off Katsumi and beat the goalkeeper. Aizawl scored within two minutes when David curled a free kick inside the box which was headed in by Lalnunfela. Aizawl tied in the final minutes of the match when William scored his second from a Khawlhring corner.<ref>{{Cite news|title=William helps Aizawl make a point... and secure another|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/report?gameId=498895|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=28 November 2017|accessdate=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205042154/http://www.espn.co.uk/football/report?gameId=498895|archive-date=5 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=I-LEAGUE 2017: EAST BENGAL 2–2 AIZAWL – DEFENDING CHAMPIONS' LATE COMEBACK THWARTS KHALID JAMIL'S MEN|url=http://www.goal.com/en-in/match/east-bengal-v-aizawl/bjpyklpvomdleb7aqsvqwkv3e|publisher=goal.com|date=28 November 2017|accessdate=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204061244/http://www.goal.com/en-in/match/east-bengal-v-aizawl/bjpyklpvomdleb7aqsvqwkv3e|archive-date=4 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

'''I-League Position at the end of November'''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! scope=col width=28|<abbr title="Position">Pos</abbr>
! scope=col width=190|Team
! scope=col width=28|<abbr title="Played">Pld</abbr>
! scope=col width=28|<abbr title="Won">W</abbr>
! scope=col width=28|<abbr title="Drawn">D</abbr>
! scope=col width=28|<abbr title="Lost">L</abbr>
! scope=col width=28|<abbr title="Goals for">GF</abbr>
! scope=col width=28|<abbr title="Goals against">GA</abbr>
! scope=col width=28|<abbr title="Goal difference">GD</abbr>
! scope=col width=28|<abbr title="Points">Pts</abbr>
|-
! scope=row style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;"| 4
| style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;"| [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
| style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |1
| style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |0
| style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |1
| style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |0
| style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |2
| style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |2
| style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |0
| style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent;" | 1
|}
Source: {{Citation needed|date=June 2019|reason=No source parameter defined}}

===December===
On 4 December in the MPL Semifinal second leg, Aizawl took the lead in the 14th minute with a strike from Lalmuankima. Mizoram Police FC tied three minutes later when [[Lalbiakhlua]] scored from a Valpuia delivery. In a penalty shootout, Aizawl scored to give the two-time MPL champions a 5–3 shootout victory.<ref>{{cite web|title=MPL 2017 Semifinal Leg-2|url=https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/posts/1707303082653938|accessdate=4 December 2017|publisher=Mizoram Premier League Facebook Page|date=4 December 2017}}</ref> On 8 December in the MPL Final, Chhinga Veng's [[Laldampuia]] scored in the fifth minute. Aizawl skipper Lalrinmuana almost struck an equalizer with a free-kick at the other end while Saighani also came close. The I-League champions did improve in the second half but missed a great chance to equalize late on as Saighani was gifted a great opportunity only for him to drill his effort right in front of Chhinga Veng FC's custodian Zothanmawia. This made Aizawl settle as runners-up.<ref name=MPLFinal>{{cite web|title=Chhinga Veng FC lift Mizoram Premier League – Season 6 trophy to complete treble!|url=http://www.arunfoot.com/chhinga-veng-fc-lift-mizoram-premier-league-season-6-trophy-complete-treble/|accessdate=8 December 2017|publisher=arunfoot.com|date=8 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209152210/http://www.arunfoot.com/chhinga-veng-fc-lift-mizoram-premier-league-season-6-trophy-complete-treble/|archive-date=9 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=MPL Final|url=https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/photos/a.798244256893163.1073741866.406517749399151/1711294462254800/?type=3|accessdate=8 December 2017|publisher=Mizoram Premier League(Facebook)|date=8 December 2017}}</ref> Rochharzela was awarded the Best Young Player and H. Lalmuankima was awarded Best Forward of the Tournament for Mizoram Premier League.<ref name=MPLawards1 /><ref name=MPLawards2 />

On 13 December, Aizawl clinched their first victory of the season scoring a late winner against [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]] at Aizawl. They missed the services of their top-scorer Lalnunfela for the match due to an ankle injury. The hosts were in complete control of the game and enjoyed the lion's share of possession right from the start but lack of finishing haunted them. They also had to replace Lalrinmuana early in the match because of a hamstring niggle.<ref>{{Cite news|title=I-LEAGUE 2017: PAULO MENESES – WE DESERVED THE THREE POINTS AS WE CONTROLLED THE GAME|url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/i-league-2017-aizawl-fc-churchill-brothers/1cfnu6jiwu2f51va88we69x5ul|publisher=goal.com|date=13 December 2017|accessdate=13 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214072428/http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/i-league-2017-aizawl-fc-churchill-brothers/1cfnu6jiwu2f51va88we69x5ul|archive-date=14 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> It was only in the 88th minute that Aizawl could finally register a winning goal when Dodoz assisted Kobayashi, whose left-footed shot sailed past Churchill Brothers' custodian.<ref>{{Cite news|title=I-LEAGUE 2017: AIZAWL 1–0 CHURCHILL BROTHERS- YUGO'S LATE WINNER SEALS THE VICTORY FOR THE DEFENDING CHAMPS|url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/aizawl-v-churchill-brothers/report/bluw2e09vkdy28qf4k6fjj5nu|publisher=goal.com|date=13 December 2017|accessdate=13 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214014348/http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/aizawl-v-churchill-brothers/report/bluw2e09vkdy28qf4k6fjj5nu|archive-date=14 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Aizawl FC beat Churchill 1–0 at home|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/aizawl-fc-beat-churchill-1-0-at-home/articleshow/62054718.cms|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=13 December 2017|accessdate=13 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214014530/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/aizawl-fc-beat-churchill-1-0-at-home/articleshow/62054718.cms|archive-date=14 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 18 December, Aizawl's 616-day unbeaten run at home in the [[I-League]] ended after losing their first home match since April 2016 to [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]. After an array of chances, the score stood at 0–0 at the end of the first half. But Reds outclassed the home side in the second half. [[Aiman Al-Hagri]]'s shot inside the box was blocked by the Aizawl's boys, but the ball fell to Lajong's winger [[Redeem Tlang|Tlang]] who calmly curled the ball towards the far side of the net and scored the winning goal of the match.<ref>{{Cite news|title=I-League: Aizawl FC's 616-day unbeaten run at home ends, lose Northeast Derby to Shillong Lajong|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/aizawl-fc-shillong-lajong-northeast-derby-i-league-1109000-2017-12-18|publisher=indiatoday.intoday.in|date=18 December 2017|access-date=18 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219132138/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/aizawl-fc-shillong-lajong-northeast-derby-i-league/1/1113088.html|archive-date=19 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=I-LEAGUE 2017: AIZAWL FC 0–1 SHILLONG LAJONG- REDEEM TLANG' STRIKE SINKS DEFENDING CHAMPIONS IN DERBY|url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/aizawl-v-shillong-lajong/report/bmlgk752pnpvr3jt3wdti9my2|publisher=goal.com|date=18 December 2017|accessdate=18 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228171814/http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/aizawl-v-shillong-lajong/report/bmlgk752pnpvr3jt3wdti9my2|archive-date=28 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 27 December, Aizawl ended Minerva Punjab's unbeaten run with a 2–1 crucial victory in [[Aizawl]]. The ball from Lalrinmuana's corner was guided to the far post of Minerva's goal by defender Omolaja to leave goalkeeper [[Rakshit Dagar]] completely stranded. Dodoz danced past Minerva's defender and slid the ball to Romanian midfielder Ionescu, who made no mistake as he slotted home his first goal of the season. Minerva pulled one back in the added time as [[Girik Khosla]] made the best out of the defensive lapses.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Aizawl FC halt Minerva Punjab FC's unbeaten run in I-League|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/football/aizawl-fc-halt-minerva-punjab-fc-s-unbeaten-run-in-i-league/story-Rkd4yjMp1io9QE0Fv2omuJ.html|publisher=hindustantimes.com|date=27 December 2017|accessdate=27 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228000629/http://www.hindustantimes.com/football/aizawl-fc-halt-minerva-punjab-fc-s-unbeaten-run-in-i-league/story-Rkd4yjMp1io9QE0Fv2omuJ.html|archive-date=28 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=I-LEAGUE 2017: AIZAWL 2 -1 MINERVA PUNJAB – DEFENDING CHAMPIONS EDGE OUT LEAGUE LEADERS|url=http://www.goal.com/en-om/match/aizawl-v-minerva-punjab/report/bosi6g39r6c8mchqke2ogn6ui|publisher=goal.com|date=27 December 2017|accessdate=27 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228000205/http://www.goal.com/en-om/match/aizawl-v-minerva-punjab/report/bosi6g39r6c8mchqke2ogn6ui|archive-date=28 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 31 December, Aizawl beat debutants [[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]] 0–2 in an away encounter. A low cross from left-flank by Hmunmawia took a deflection off Gokulam's [[Daniel Ashley Addo]] to Kobayashi, whose shot put the ball into the net in the 45th minute. After the changeover, Aizawl took only seven minutes to double the lead courtesy of Ionescu's efforts.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Clinical Aizawl FC beat Gokulam Kerala FC in I-League|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/football/clinical-aizawl-fc-beat-gokulam-kerala-fc-in-i-league/story-bB2lOPYFb2w4tWCyggcmfN.html|publisher=hindustantimes.com|date=31 December 2017|accessdate=31 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101005914/http://www.hindustantimes.com/football/clinical-aizawl-fc-beat-gokulam-kerala-fc-in-i-league/story-bB2lOPYFb2w4tWCyggcmfN.html|archive-date=1 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

'''I-League Position at the end of December'''
{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|res_col_header=QR

|team1 = AIZ | pos_AIZ = 5 | name_AIZ = [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]

|win_AIZ = 3 |draw_AIZ = 1 |loss_AIZ = 1 |gf_AIZ = 7 |ga_AIZ = 4
|update=complete|source=
}}

===January===
On 1 January, Aizawl announced the signing of Mizo forward, [[Lalkhawpuimawia]] from Chhinga Veng.<ref name=tr11 />

The [[Indian Super League]] side [[FC Goa]] signed Lalmuankima in a free transfer on 6 January.<ref name=16tr /><ref>{{cite web|title=ISL 2017–18: FC GOA ROPE IN H LALMUANKIMA FROM AIZAWL FC|url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/isl-2017-18-fc-goa-h-lalmuankima-aizawl-fc/u5lx84jo3xdk1tuh8vrbas6y2|accessdate=11 January 2018|publisher=goal.com|date=6 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112163120/http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/isl-2017-18-fc-goa-h-lalmuankima-aizawl-fc/u5lx84jo3xdk1tuh8vrbas6y2|archive-date=12 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> On 7 January, Aizawl went down 2–0 to Mohun Bagan in an away encounter, the first match in 2018. The first goal came dramatically when Saighani outstretched his leg to deny [[Aser Pierrick Dipanda]] a finish on the cross but ended up tapping the ball into his own goal. Dicka doubled the lead for the Mariners, making the best use of a long ball as he dribbled past an advancing Avilash on the left before slotting it home with his left foot.<ref>{{Cite news|title=I-League: Mohun Bagan return to winning ways under new coach|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/i-league-mohun-bagan-return-to-winning-ways-under-new-coach-5015249/|work=Indian Express|date=7 January 2018|accessdate=10 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111165300/http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/i-league-mohun-bagan-return-to-winning-ways-under-new-coach-5015249/|archive-date=11 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 13 January, Aizawl returned to their winning ways by outclassing Chennai City 2–0 in a home encounter. Kobayashi opened the scoring when he converted a penalty after Chennai City's [[Venyamin Shumeyko]] handled the ball while trying to stop Lalrinmuana inside the box. In the 33rd minute, Lalrinmuana latched on to a square pass from Ionescu and fired a left-footer which took a slight deflection off [[Dharmaraj Ravanan]] before rolling home to double the lead to Aizawl.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Aizawl returns to winning ways|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/aizawl-returns-to-winning-ways/article22437487.ece|work=The Hindu| date=13 January 2018 |accessdate=14 January 2018}}</ref> Aizawl played out a goalless draw against East Bengal in a home encounter on 16 January. Aizawl missed chances in the first half as Jaryan's shot flew just wide of the post and Lalnunfela failed to connect [[Albert Zohmingmawia]]'s pass from six yards. In the second half, Vanlalremdika's curled effort from outside of the box was palmed away by Aizawl's custodian Avilash. Aizawl substitute Lalkhawpuimawia could not get his head to [[Laldinliana Renthlei]]'s cross in the final ten minutes to seal the match.<ref>{{Cite news|title=I-League: Aizawl FC play out goalless draw against East Bengal|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/football/i-league-aizawl-fc-play-out-goalless-draw-against-east-bengal/story-LYT3aUZImwBLI2iHBIaPGI.html|publisher=hindustantimes.com|date=16 January 2018|accessdate=16 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116235818/http://www.hindustantimes.com/football/i-league-aizawl-fc-play-out-goalless-draw-against-east-bengal/story-LYT3aUZImwBLI2iHBIaPGI.html|archive-date=16 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=I-LEAGUE 2017–18: AIZAWL FC 0–0 EAST BENGAL – KHALID JAMIL'S MEN KEPT QUIET BY SOLID DEFENCE|url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/aizawl-v-east-bengal/report/bv5e53trr1dir7r5g1bkmffje|publisher=goal.com|date=16 January 2018|accessdate=16 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117012114/http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/aizawl-v-east-bengal/report/bv5e53trr1dir7r5g1bkmffje|archive-date=17 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 20 January, Aizawl lost their way as away side NEROCA came from behind in the second half to win the game 1–2. Nigerian defender Omolaja leaped above NEROCA's defenders to score for the home side with a cross from Ionescu after Zohmingmawia's corner was cleared from initial danger by [[Varney Kallon]]. [[Felix Chidi Odili]] scored the equalizer in the 65th minute after a team game broke the Aizawl defense. Turkovic stunned Aizawl in the dying embers of the game when he perfectly converted Biakzara's cross from the left wing.<ref>{{Cite news|title=I-League: NEROCA FC ride on Nedo Turkovic's heroics to defeat Aizawl FC|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/football/i-league-neroca-fc-ride-on-nedo-turkovic-s-heroics-to-defeat-aizawl-fc/story-PIICOTTFHFMWcmBBjJHyaI.html|publisher=hindustantimes.com|date=20 January 2018|accessdate=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121031411/http://www.hindustantimes.com/football/i-league-neroca-fc-ride-on-nedo-turkovic-s-heroics-to-defeat-aizawl-fc/story-PIICOTTFHFMWcmBBjJHyaI.html|archive-date=21 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> On 25 January, Aizawl dropped points to Mohun Bagan in a home tie as the match was drawn at 1–1 with Aizawl dominating the match from start to finish. Aizawl's forward Kobayashi was booked for a challenge on Obumneme in the first minute. Jaryan chased down every ball in the middle and Dodoz tormented Bagan's backline. All the significant action on the field took place in the final 20 minutes as Khawlhring had put the home side ahead in the 73rd minute before Bagan's substitute [[Manandeep Singh]] restored parity from the penalty spot just five minutes later. In the dying minutes of the match, while Aizawl was searching for a winner, Jaryan was shown a straight red by the referee for a stomp on defender [[Rana Gharami]] as the match ended in a stalemate.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Aizawl FC drop points to Mohun Bagan in I-League tie at home|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/aizawl-fc-lose-points-to-mohun-bagan-in-i-league-tie-at-home/story-bZnoIu8eu6pPKc8z8Nvx1I.html|publisher=hindustantimes.com|date=25 January 2018|accessdate=25 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126051417/https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/aizawl-fc-lose-points-to-mohun-bagan-in-i-league-tie-at-home/story-bZnoIu8eu6pPKc8z8Nvx1I.html|archive-date=26 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 30 January, Aizawl failed to qualify for the [[2018 AFC Champions League|AFC Champions League]] after losing 3–1 to [[Iran]]'s [[Zob Ahan Esfahan F.C.|Zob Ahan]] in an away encounter in the [[2018 AFC Champions League qualifying play-offs|play-off round]] from West Region. Zob Ahan struck in the third minute through a spot-kick by [[Mehdi Rajabzadeh]] when Lalrosanga fouled [[Morteza Tabrizi]] inside the penalty box. Aizawl gradually started to make inroads when Ionescu connected a cross delivered by Laldinliana from the center of the box to beat Zob Ahan's custodian [[Mohammad Rashid Mazaheri]]. In the 83rd minute, Tabrizi's header put Zob Ahan ahead. Meneses' men were put under more misery when Tabrizi scored for the second time heading in from close range to the bottom left corner after latching onto a cross from [[Mohammad Reza Hosseini]]. With this loss, Aizawl was knocked out of the AFC Champions League but gained direct entry into [[2018 AFC Cup group stage|Group E]] of the [[2018 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]].<ref name=AFCCL>{{Cite news|title=Aizawl FC go down to Iran's Zob Ahan, out of AFC Champions League|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/aizawl-fc-go-down-to-iran-s-zob-ahan-out-of-afc-champions-league/story-8brS1rIjj2ASZOgGqqfPDO.html|publisher=hindustantimes.com|date=30 January 2018|accessdate=30 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130191143/https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/aizawl-fc-go-down-to-iran-s-zob-ahan-out-of-afc-champions-league/story-8brS1rIjj2ASZOgGqqfPDO.html|archive-date=30 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=AFC CHAMPIONS LEAGUE 2018: ZOB AHAN 3–1 AIZAWL FC: LATE GOALS FROM TABRIZI BEAT INDIAN CHALLENGE IN IRAN|url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/zob-ahan-v-aizawl/report/982mn3t626mj92hn4fya3k8dm|publisher=goal.com|date=30 January 2018|accessdate=30 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131080952/http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/zob-ahan-v-aizawl/report/982mn3t626mj92hn4fya3k8dm|archive-date=31 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

'''I-League Position at the end of January'''
{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|res_col_header=QR

|team1 = AIZ | pos_AIZ = 6 | name_AIZ = [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]

|win_AIZ = 4 |draw_AIZ = 3 |loss_AIZ = 3 |gf_AIZ = 11|ga_AIZ = 9
|update=complete|source=
}}

===February===

On 3 February, Aizawl drew with Chennai City 1–1 in an away encounter. Ionescu got past his marker on the right before getting into the box and playing a cross to Kobayashi, who tucked a neat finish into the net giving Aizawl the lead in the third minute. They lost many chances to extend their lead as both Ionescu and Lalrinmuana hit the post. However, Chennai City restored parity in the 73rd minute when Beauty curled the ball into the top right corner.<ref>{{cite web|title=I-League: Aizawl draw leaves Chennai City in drop zone|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/i-league-aizawl-draw-leaves-chennai-city-in-drop-zone/articleshow/62770062.cms|accessdate=5 February 2018|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=3 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208002609/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/i-league-aizawl-draw-leaves-chennai-city-in-drop-zone/articleshow/62770062.cms|archive-date=8 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> 10-man Aizawl lost 0–1 to Churchill Brothers in an away encounter on 6 February as they scored a single goal through [[Mechac Koffi]] in the 22nd minute. [[Nicholas Fernandes]], on receiving a long ball, deceived defender Laldinliana and crossed the ball for Koffi to send into the net. Aizawl came back strongly in the last quarter, but their search for an equalizer ended when they were reduced to 10 men in the last ten minutes as Lalrosanga was shown a red card for a deliberate foul on [[Dawda Ceesay]] who was about to score.<ref>{{cite web|title=I-League: Churchill Brothers beat 10-man Aizawl FC in I-League clash|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/churchill-brothers-beat-10-man-aizawl-fc-in-i-league-clash/story-6XXr6nCpiQxVIGBqHAnqSJ.html|accessdate=10 February 2018|publisher=hindustantimes.com|date=6 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209002859/https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/churchill-brothers-beat-10-man-aizawl-fc-in-i-league-clash/story-6XXr6nCpiQxVIGBqHAnqSJ.html|archive-date=9 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

Aizawl held NEROCA to a goalless draw on 10 February in a closely contested and tactical away match where both sides failed to score even though there were many clear chances. NEROCA had two clear chances, one at the stroke of half time, which Turković muffed, and another deep into the match that was wasted by Chidi. Aizawl striker Zikahi had a chance to hand his side a full three points in the second minute of the stoppage time, but he shot wide.<ref>{{cite web|title=Neroca FC held goal-less by Aizawl FC, suffer jolt to I-League title hopes|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/neroca-fc-held-goal-less-by-aizawl-fc-suffer-jolt-to-i-league-title-hopes/story-kgnQP95gv08zQZgkuFNF0I.html|accessdate=10 February 2018|publisher=hindustantimes.com|date=10 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210202126/https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/neroca-fc-held-goal-less-by-aizawl-fc-suffer-jolt-to-i-league-title-hopes/story-kgnQP95gv08zQZgkuFNF0I.html|archive-date=10 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> On 12 February, Aizawl announced that they parted ways with their head coach, Paulo Menezes, after seven consecutive winless streak in their on-going I-League campaign.<ref name=menezes_sacked>{{cite web|title=Aizawl FC parted their ways with head coach Paulo Menezes |url=https://www.facebook.com/aizawl.fc/photos/a.529274597138062.1073741827.521405447924977/1771849292880580/?type=3|accessdate=12 February 2018|publisher=AizawlFC Facebook Page|date=12 February 2018}}</ref><ref name=menezes_sacked2>{{cite web|title=I-League 2017–18: Aizawl FC sack Paulo Meneses|url=http://www.goal.com/en-in/news/i-league-2017-18-aizawl-fc-sack-paulo-meneses/t936f1ov1f09149p20v694d5i|accessdate=12 February 2018|publisher=goal.com|date=12 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213195209/http://www.goal.com/en-in/news/i-league-2017-18-aizawl-fc-sack-paulo-meneses/t936f1ov1f09149p20v694d5i|archive-date=13 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> They announced [[Santosh Kashyap]] as their incoming coach.<ref name=kashyap_coach>{{cite web|title=AIZAWL FC APPOINTED SANTOSH KASHYAP AS THE NEW HEAD COACH |url=https://www.facebook.com/aizawl.fc/photos/a.529274597138062.1073741827.521405447924977/1772629016135941/?type=3|accessdate=12 February 2018|publisher=AizawlFC Facebook Page|date=12 February 2018}}</ref> Aizawl welcomed back [[Lalchhawnkima]] who joined on loan from [[Mumbai City FC]] on 15 February.<ref name=loan215/>

On 16 February, Aizawl drew 2–2 against a resilient [[Indian Arrows]] in an away match. Ionescu delivered the ball to Saighani who slotted it past a [[Prabhsukhan Singh Gill]] in the 40th minute. Indian Arrows was quick to find the equalizer on the 48th minute as [[Ashish Rai]] found [[Edmund Lalrindika]] with a delivery. He foxed his marker to trigger a shot at the bottom right corner which beat a diving Avilash. Aizawl continued to pile on the pressure and in the 54th minute Dodoz pierced the net after latching on to a pass from inside the box by Zohmingmawia. The Blue Colts finally equalized the game in the dying minutes when skipper [[Amarjit Singh Kiyam]] converted a penalty after Lalrosanga brought down [[Rahul Praveen]] inside the box.<ref>{{cite web|title=I-League 2017–18: Late penalty strike by Amarjit rescues a point for Indian Arrows at home|url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/i-league-2017-18-late-penalty-strike-by-amarjit-rescues-a/y614qq0rv6uu1qidqva156k64|accessdate=16 February 2018|publisher=goal.com|date=16 February 2018}}</ref> Ahead of match against Shillong Lajong, on 18 February, Aizawl coach Santosh Kashyap announced their foreign recruits, Kobayashi and Omolaja, had been ruled out for the rest of the season due to injuries.<ref>{{cite web|title=I-League: Aizawl FC coach Santosh Kashyap – Shillong Lajong is a great team|url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/i-league-aizawl-fc-coach-santosh-kashyap-shillong-lajong/t7q75sr1slci15qeulxm1s6mr|accessdate=12 March 2018|publisher=goal.com|date=18 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313032957/http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/i-league-aizawl-fc-coach-santosh-kashyap-shillong-lajong/t7q75sr1slci15qeulxm1s6mr|archive-date=13 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 19 February, Aizawl lost 2–1 to Shillong Lajong at [[Shillong]] in an away North-East derby. In the 42nd minute, Shillong took the lead when Tlang connected with [[Novin Gurung]]'s cross from the left. Shillong doubled the lead in the 73rd minute when [[Saihou Jagne]] got the better of Jaryan and made his way into the box before poking the ball into the net. In the dying moments of the match, [[Nidhin Lal]] failed to collect Ionescu's shot which allowed Léonce Dodoz Zikahi to shoot the ball into the net from the loose clearance.<ref name=ILR15>{{cite web|title=I-League 2017–18: Shillong Lajong down defending champions to do the double in Northeast derby|url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/i-league-2017-18-shillong-lajong-v-aizawl-fc-match-report/qonjtruvfkm41pi21m8qdbwgl|accessdate=19 February 2018|publisher=goal.com|date=19 February 2018}}</ref>

Aizawl finally ended an eight-match winless streak with a 3–0 win over Indian Arrows. Aizawl needed only seven minutes to score the first goal of the match when Lalkhawpuimawia skipped past [[Sanjeev Stalin]] and shot towards goal. Arrows' custodian Prabhsukhan failed to grab as it found its way to Ionescu who easily found the back of the net three yards out. In the 16th minute, Lalkhawpuimawia slipped from the guard of the Arrows defenders, his first shot hit both the woodwork, but he scored on the rebound to double the lead. To confirm three points for Aizawl, Lalkhawpuimawia scored his second in the 87th minute when he tucked the ball in the back of the net after Dodoz provided him with a pass from the back.<ref>{{cite web|title=I-League: Defending champions Aizawl FC end winless run against Indian Arrows|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/i-league-defending-champions-aizawl-fc-end-winless-run-against-indian-arrows/story-yEINSmdGzYBmu9MRGSloHP.html|accessdate=23 February 2018|publisher=hindustantimes.com|date=23 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224042020/https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/i-league-defending-champions-aizawl-fc-end-winless-run-against-indian-arrows/story-yEINSmdGzYBmu9MRGSloHP.html|archive-date=24 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 26 February, Aizawl lost 2–0 to table-toppers Minerva Punjab in an away game where Minerva enjoyed the lion's share of possession with Aizawl's attack coming from Ionescu. Akash broke the deadlock for Minerva in the 50th minute on the rebound after [[Chencho Gyeltshen]]'s shot after receiving a pass from [[William Opoku]] that was stopped by Avilash. Minerva sealed the game with a strike late into the second half injury time when Opoku's header off a [[Kamalpreet Singh]] free-kick landed on Armand's path.<ref>{{cite web|title=I-League: Minerva Punjab regain top spot with 2–0 defeat of Aizawl|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/i-league-minerva-punjab-regain-top-spot-with-2-0-defeat-of-aizawl/articleshow/63081629.cms|accessdate=26 February 2018|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=27 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226234227/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/i-league-minerva-punjab-regain-top-spot-with-2-0-defeat-of-aizawl/articleshow/63081629.cms|archive-date=26 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

'''I-League Position at the end of February'''
{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|res_col_header=QR

|team1 = AIZ | pos_AIZ = 6 | name_AIZ = [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]

|win_AIZ = 5 |draw_AIZ = 6 |loss_AIZ = 6 |gf_AIZ = 18|ga_AIZ = 17
|update=complete|source=
}}

===March===
The month of March saw Aizawl play their final match of the I-League campaign against Gokulam Kerala. After conceding a 25th-minute penalty which was scored by [[Mahmood Al-Ajmi|Al-Ajmi]] in the first half, Léonce Dodoz Zikahi scored the reply on the hour stroke after [[Bilal Khan (footballer)|Bilal Khan]] dropped the ball which would fall onto Dodoz' foot to level the match. Dodoz scored a second to give Aizawl the lead before Lalkhawpuimawia scored the match winner only four minutes later with the shot being hammered past the defenders.<ref>{{cite web|title=Aizawl end I-League campaign with win over Gokulam Kerala|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/aizawl-end-i-league-campaign-with-win-over-gokulam-kerala/articleshow/63138705.cms|accessdate=2 March 2018|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=2 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807000044/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/aizawl-end-i-league-campaign-with-win-over-gokulam-kerala/articleshow/63138705.cms|archive-date=7 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=I-League 2017–18: Aizawl FC 3–1 Gokulam Kerala FC – Late surge from the Reds downs the Malabarians|url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/aizawl-v-gokulam/report/c0dhvtubnmk77kvheijgcidt6|accessdate=2 March 2018|publisher=goal.com|date=2 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303050433/http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/aizawl-v-gokulam/report/c0dhvtubnmk77kvheijgcidt6|archive-date=3 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

By virtue of finishing inside the top six in the I-League, they had a first-round bye in the [[2018 Indian Super Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Inaugural Super Cup's final round from Mar 31 – Apr 22: AIFF|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/inaugural-super-cups-final-round-from-mar-31-apr-22-aiff/articleshow/62985550.cms|accessdate=5 March 2018|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=19 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220143616/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/inaugural-super-cups-final-round-from-mar-31-apr-22-aiff/articleshow/62985550.cms|archive-date=20 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> After the qualifying round was completed, they were drawn to take on ISL's [[Chennaiyin F.C.|Chennaiyin]] away from home. In the match, which was held at the end of the month, Aizawl opened the scoring from Andrei Ionescu as his shot deflected past [[Karanjit Singh]] to find the back of the net. An 89th-minute equalizer from [[Maílson Alves]] saw the game go into extra time. Andrei Ionescu got Aizawl the lead again in the first minute of extra time when he latched onto a low cross and curled his shot past the keeper. In the second half of extra time, the Aizawl defense made a critical mistake which gifted the equalizer when [[Dhanachandra Singh]]'s low effort from a distance went past the crowded defense to the back of the net. The penalty shoot-out would see Aizawl qualify through to the quarterfinals as a miss from [[Mohammed Rafi (footballer)|Mohammed Rafi]] was the difference in the shoot-out.<ref>{{cite web|title=Super Cup: Aizawl FC knock out Chennaiyin in pre-quarters|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/super-cup-aizawl-fc-knock-out-chennaiyin-in-pre-quarters/articleshow/63561388.cms|accessdate=31 March 2018|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=31 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141406/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/super-cup-aizawl-fc-knock-out-chennaiyin-in-pre-quarters/articleshow/63561388.cms|archive-date=12 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Aizawl defeat Chennaiyin 5–3 on penalties to secure quarter-final berth|url=http://www.supercup.in/news/aizawl-defeat-chennaiyin-5-3-on-penalties-to-secure-quarter-final-berth|accessdate=31 March 2018|publisher=supercup.in|date=31 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401144330/http://www.supercup.in/news/aizawl-defeat-chennaiyin-5-3-on-penalties-to-secure-quarter-final-berth|archive-date=1 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=HIGHLIGHTS Chennaiyin FC vs Aizawl FC, Indian Super Cup 2018: As it happened...|url=http://www.timesnownews.com/sports/football/article/chennaiyin-fc-vs-aizawl-fc-indian-super-cup-2018-live-score-live-stream-football-updates/212748|accessdate=31 March 2018|publisher=timesnownews.com|date=31 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401075145/http://www.timesnownews.com/sports/football/article/chennaiyin-fc-vs-aizawl-fc-indian-super-cup-2018-live-score-live-stream-football-updates/212748|archive-date=1 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

Between the I-League and the Indian Super Cup, Aizawl had their first match of the 2018 AFC Cup to play. After announcing their 26-man squad on 11 March,<ref name=AFCsquad>{{cite web|title=AFC Cup 2018: Aizawl FC announce 26-man squad for group stage|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/aizawl-fc-announce-26-man-squad-for-the-afc-cup-group-stage|accessdate=12 March 2018|publisher=sportskeeda.com|date=11 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313031846/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/aizawl-fc-announce-26-man-squad-for-the-afc-cup-group-stage|archive-date=13 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=AFCsquad1>{{cite web|title=AFC Cup 2018 Group stage: Aizawl FC Squad|url=https://www.facebook.com/aizawl.fc/photos/a.529274597138062.1073741827.521405447924977/1802943429771166/?type=3|accessdate=12 March 2018|publisher=facebook.com(Aizawl FC Official page)|date=11 March 2018}}</ref> they traveled to meet Maldive champions [[New Radiant S.C.|New Radiant]] in the opening game. Aizawl drew first blood when Lalram Hmunmawia scored into the top left corner of the net in the 33rd minute. Seven minutes later, [[Ali Ashfaq]] slotted in the equalizer from an [[Ahmed Abdulla]] cross to level the scores at the half. Ashfawq scored two more goals in the second half with one in the 77th and 85th minute to seal the match for the Maldive champions. Aizawl had to play the final sixteen minutes with only ten men when Hmunmawia was sent off for bringing down substitute [[Guillem Martí Misut]]. He was suspended for the following match against [[Abahani Limited Dhaka|Dhaka Abahani]].<ref>{{cite web|title=AFC Cup: Aizwal FC lose 1–3 to New Radiant|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/afc-cup-aizwal-fc-lose-1-3-to-new-radiant/articleshow/63304611.cms|accessdate=14 March 2018|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=14 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315030234/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/afc-cup-aizwal-fc-lose-1-3-to-new-radiant/articleshow/63304611.cms|archive-date=15 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

===April===
The opening match in April was a continental match against [[Bengaluru F.C.|Bengaluru]] at home. After getting an early breakthrough in the fifth minute through Léonce Dodoz Zikahi, they conceded at the stroke of half-time with [[Daniel Lucas Segovia]] slotting home a penalty that was awarded after Dodoz handled the ball in the box. The second half saw [[Rahul Bheke]] give Bengaluru the lead in the 63rd minute as he headed it from [[Alwyn George]]. Another goal from substitute [[Daniel Lalhlimpuia|Lalhlimpuia]] would seal the 3–1 for the away team as he sent a low strike past Avilash.<ref>{{cite web|title=Group E: Aizawl FC 1–3 JSW Bengaluru FC|url=http://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-cup/latest/news/matchday-one-group-e-aizawl-fc-1-3-jsw-bengaluru-fc|accessdate=5 April 2018|publisher=afc.com|date=5 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405221154/http://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-cup/latest/news/matchday-one-group-e-aizawl-fc-1-3-jsw-bengaluru-fc|archive-date=5 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the quarter-final of the Super Cup against East Bengal, Aizawl was forced into a defense play because of constant threats from East Bengal. After a chance from Andrei Ionescu, the first half ended scoreless. The robust defense of East Benegal meant that Aizawl had to settle for shots from a distance. With the match entering injury-time, East Bengal was awarded a penalty when [[Ansumana Kromah]] was brought down by Lalawmpuia inside the box. Laldanmawia Ralte's penalty would be the only goal of the game and knocked Aizawl out of the tournament.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ralte's injury-time penalty takes East Bengal to the semi-finals|url=http://www.supercup.in/news/raltes-injury-time-penalty-takes-east-bengal-to-the-semi-finals|accessdate=8 April 2018|publisher=supercup.in|date=8 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408210328/http://www.supercup.in/news/raltes-injury-time-penalty-takes-east-bengal-to-the-semi-finals|archive-date=8 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

The two matches against Dhaka Abahani saw the team only scoring a point in the two games to be eliminated from contention. In the home match, Dhaka took just two minutes to open the scoring as [[Rubel Miya]]'s effort deflected off Lalrosanga and looped into the net. Dhaka extended their lead in the 17th minute when [[Ndukaku Alison]] converted a scrappy effort from close-range after a corner was not cleared before [[Seiya Kojima]] made it 3–0 to end the match before half time.<ref>{{cite web|title=Matchday Three – Group E: Aizawl FC 0–3 Abahani Limited Dhaka|url=http://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-cup/latest/news/matchday-three-group-e-aizawl-fc-0-3-abahani-limited-dhaka|accessdate=11 April 2018|publisher=afc.com|date=11 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412082754/http://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-cup/latest/news/matchday-three-group-e-aizawl-fc-0-3-abahani-limited-dhaka|archive-date=12 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The reverse match saw Aizawl nearly get a goal in the 16th minute. Dhaka managed to take the lead in the 31st minute with Emeka Onuoha converting from the penalty spot. Aizawl got one back after the break with Andrei Ionescu scoring from a close-range finish in the 65th minute to give Aizawl a draw and their first continental point in the club's history.<ref>{{cite web|title=Matchday Four – Group E: Abahani Limited Dhaka 1–1 Aizawl FC|url=http://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-cup/latest/news/matchday-four-group-e-abahani-limited-dhaka-1-1-aizawl-fc|accessdate=27 April 2018|publisher=afc.com|date=25 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426144809/http://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-cup/latest/news/matchday-four-group-e-abahani-limited-dhaka-1-1-aizawl-fc|archive-date=26 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

===May===
On 2 May, Aizawl lost 0–5 to Bengaluru in an away encounter. Bottom-placed Aizawl began the match brightly, but Bengaluru soon wrestled control of the match with two quick-fire goals after the first quarter of an hour. [[Sunil Chhetri]] won and converted a penalty in the 16th minute before Segovia finished off [[Erik Paartalu]]'s pass just moments later to make it 2–0. At the half-hour mark, visitors pulled away further with a third goal netted by [[Udanta Singh]]. In the 62nd minute, Segovia got his second goal of the evening with an improvised header to meet [[Subhasish Bose]]'s cross. Substitute Lalhlimpuia completed the rout in the 89th minute, after flicking Chhetri's cut-back past the Aizawl keeper Lalawmpuia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Matchday Five – Group E: Bengaluru FC 1–1 Aizawl FC|url=http://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-cup/latest/news/matchday-five-group-e-jsw-bengaluru-fc-5-0-aizawl-fc|accessdate=4 May 2018|publisher=afc.com|date=2 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503180111/http://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-cup/latest/news/matchday-five-group-e-jsw-bengaluru-fc-5-0-aizawl-fc|archive-date=3 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 16 May, Aizawl earned a 2–1 win over New Radiant in a home encounter to knock the visitors out of the AFC Cup. This marked their first continental match win in this season. After a goalless first half, the home side had to wait until the 61st minute to break the deadlock when [[Leonce Dodoz Zikahi]] fired one home after Ionescu was tripped inside the box. Ionescu doubled Aizawl's lead eight minutes from time after he latched onto Laldinliana's long pass and outpaced his marker before beating the goalkeeper on the second attempt for a simple finish into the empty net. Hassan pulled one back for Maldivians, getting on the end of [[Jorge Gotor|Gotor]]'s nodded pass to finish past Avilash.<ref name="afcm6">{{cite web|title=Matchday Six – Group E: Aizawl FC 2–1 New Radiant SC|url=http://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-cup/latest/news/matchday-six-group-e-aizawl-fc-1-2-new-radiant-sc|accessdate=16 May 2018|publisher=afc.com|date=16 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516230932/http://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-cup/latest/news/matchday-six-group-e-aizawl-fc-1-2-new-radiant-sc|archive-date=16 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Kit==
'''Supplier:''' Vamos / '''Sponsor:''' NE Consultancy Services{{Citation needed|reason=This information is copied from 2017–18 I-League wiki page and needs a reliable source|date=March 2018}}

{| border-"0" style="margin:1em auto"
|{{Football kit
| pattern_la =
| pattern_b =
| pattern_ra =
| pattern_sh =_white stripes
| pattern_so =_2 white stripes
| leftarm = FF0000
| body = FF0000
| rightarm = FF0000
| shorts = FF0000
| socks = FF0000
|title=Home
}}
|
|{{Football kit
| pattern_la =
| pattern_b =
| pattern_ra =
| pattern_sh =_red stripes
| pattern_so =_2 red stripes
| leftarm = FFFFFF
| body = FFFFFF
| rightarm = FFFFFF
| shorts = FFFFFF
| socks = FFFFFF
|title=Away
}}
|
|{{Football kit
| pattern_la =
| pattern_b =
| pattern_ra =
| pattern_sh = _black stripes
| pattern_so = _2 black stripes
| leftarm = FFF006
| body = FFF006
| rightarm = FFF006
| shorts = FFF006
| socks = FFF006
|title = Goalkeeper
}}
|}

==Coaching staff==
Aizawl announced on 28 July 2017 that Paulo Menezes would be taking over as head coach.<ref>{{cite web|title=I-League champions Aizawl FC sign Portugal's Paulo Menezes as new head coach|url=http://www.firstpost.com/sports/i-league-champions-aizawl-fc-sign-portugals-paulo-menezes-as-new-head-coach-3873877.html|accessdate=6 December 2017|publisher=firstpost|date=16 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211054523/http://www.firstpost.com/sports/i-league-champions-aizawl-fc-sign-portugals-paulo-menezes-as-new-head-coach-3873877.html|archive-date=11 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Menezes said:<ref name=newcoach>{{cite web|title=I-LEAGUE 2017–18: DEFENDING CHAMPIONS AIZAWL FC APPOINT PORTUGUESE PAULO MENEZES AS HEAD COACH|url=http://www.goal.com/en-in/news/i-league-2017-18-defending-champions-aizawl-fc-appoint/8swxjwcuiums12lg8cewcpv7c|accessdate=2 December 2017|publisher=Goal.com|date=28 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204061213/http://www.goal.com/en-in/news/i-league-2017-18-defending-champions-aizawl-fc-appoint/8swxjwcuiums12lg8cewcpv7c|archive-date=4 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{cquote|I had learned about Indian football 4 years ago, and I have spoken to many people about it and how much it has grown over the years. I want to be part of this, and Aizawl FC is right at the heartbeat of this crescendo of development. I will like my players to play the offensive game with a high level of ball possession so that they can create many scoring chances. Depending on the game situation, we will vary the tempo of our attack, but the main focus is on the ball [retention].
I will like to help the players improve their skills – be it technically or tactically, so they can become more competitive and maintain a strong mentality before and during the game. I believe I can contribute to Indian football by getting as many of the local players into the National Team as possible.}}
Izan Martin Andres has been hired as assistant coach for this season.<ref>{{cite web|title=I-league 2017: Izan Martín Andrés is Aizawl FC's new assistant coach|url=https://thefangarage.com/articles/11926-i-league-2017-izan-martn-andrs-is-aizawl-fcs-new-assistant-coach|accessdate=2 December 2017|publisher=fangarage.com|date=16 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203082855/https://thefangarage.com/articles/11926-i-league-2017-izan-martn-andrs-is-aizawl-fcs-new-assistant-coach|archive-date=3 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
On 12 February, Aizawl announced that they parted ways with their head coach, Paulo Menezes after seven consecutive winless streaks in their on-going I-League campaign and announced Santosh Kashyap as their replacement.<ref name=menezes_sacked /><ref name=menezes_sacked2 /><ref name=kashyap_coach />
[[Image:Santosh_kashyap.JPG|thumb|right|alt=Photograph of Santosh Kashyap looking straight on at a press conference.| [[Santosh Kashyap]] appointed as head coach in February following the sacking of [[Paulo Menezes (football coach)|Paulo Menezes]]]]

===Management===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Position
! Name
|-
| Head coach
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Santosh Kashyap]]
|-
| Team manager
| {{flagicon|IND}} Hmingthan Sanga
|-
| Assistant coach
| {{flagicon|IND}} B Malsawmzuala
|-
| Assistant manager
| {{flagicon|IND}} Jonathan Lalbiakkima
|-
| Physio
| {{flagicon|IND}} RK.Zothanpuia
|-
| Youth coach
| {{flagicon|IND}} William Koso
|-
! colspan="11" style="text-align:right;"| Source:<ref>{{cite web|title=Aizawl Coaching Staff|url=https://www.facebook.com/aizawl.fc/photos/a.529274597138062.1073741827.521405447924977/1802943429771166/?type=3|accessdate=11 March 2018|publisher=Aizawl FC (Facebook)|date=11 March 2018}}</ref><ref name=kashyap_coach />
|}

==Transfers==

===In===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; text-align:left"
!No.
!scope=col|Position
!scope=col|Player
!scope=col|Previous club
!scope=col|Date
!scope=col|Ref
|-
|19
|{{sort|?|DF}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|IND}} Lalchhuanawma Varte 
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[ONGC F.C.]]
|20 June 2017
|<ref name=tr620>{{cite web|title=I-league champs Aizawl FC sign their former defender Chhuantea|url=https://thefangarage.com/articles/11177-i-league-champs-aizawl-fc-sign-their-former-defender-chhuantea|accessdate=7 December 2017|publisher=fangarage.com|date=20 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208071157/https://thefangarage.com/articles/11177-i-league-champs-aizawl-fc-sign-their-former-defender-chhuantea|archive-date=8 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|17
|{{sort|?|MF}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|IND}} [[David Lalrinmuana]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|3 July 2017
|<ref name=tr73>{{cite web|title=David Lalrinmuana pens a new contract with I-League winners Aizawl FC|url=https://thefangarage.com/articles/11343-david-lalrinmuana-pens-a-new-contract-with-i-league-winners-aizawl-fc|accessdate=2 December 2017|publisher=fangarage.com|date=3 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203082925/https://thefangarage.com/articles/11343-david-lalrinmuana-pens-a-new-contract-with-i-league-winners-aizawl-fc|archive-date=3 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|16
|{{sort|?|DF}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|NGR}} [[Kareem Omolaja]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Minerva Punjab F.C.|Minerva Punjab]]
|14 July 2017
|<ref name = tr826 /><ref name=tr714>{{cite web|title=Aizawl FC welcomes Nigerian & former Minerva Punjab player Kareem Nurain|url=https://thefangarage.com/articles/11497-aizawl-fc-welcomes-nigerian-and-former-minerva-punjab-player-kareem-nurain|accessdate=2 December 2017|publisher=fangarage.com|date=14 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203082934/https://thefangarage.com/articles/11497-aizawl-fc-welcomes-nigerian-and-former-minerva-punjab-player-kareem-nurain|archive-date=3 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|28
|{{sort|?|MF}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shylo Malsawmtluanga]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhawanipore F.C.]]
|26 July 2017
|<ref name=tr726>{{cite web|title=I-LEAGUE: AIZAWL FC CLOSE IN ON PORTUGUESE COACH PAULO MENESES, SIGN SHYLO MALSAWMTLUANGA|url=http://www.goal.com/en-za/news/i-league-aizawl-fc-close-in-on-portuguese-coach-paulo/5jtc3psj268e1w866628ta6t2|accessdate=2 December 2017|publisher=goal.com|date=26 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204061222/http://www.goal.com/en-za/news/i-league-aizawl-fc-close-in-on-portuguese-coach-paulo/5jtc3psj268e1w866628ta6t2|archive-date=4 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Shylo 'Mama' Malsawmtluanga joins hometown club Aizawl FC|url=https://thefangarage.com/articles/11688-shylo-mama-malsawmtluanga-joins-hometown-club-aizawl-fc|accessdate=2 December 2017|publisher=fangarage.com|date=28 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203083042/https://thefangarage.com/articles/11688-shylo-mama-malsawmtluanga-joins-hometown-club-aizawl-fc|archive-date=3 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|3
|{{sort|?|DF}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalrozama Fanai]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Fateh Hyderabad A.F.C.|Fateh Hyderabad]]
|9 August 2017
|<ref name=tr89>{{cite web|title=I-LEAGUE: DEFENDING CHAMPIONS AIZAWL FC SIGN DEFENDER LALROZAMA FANAI|url=http://www.goal.com/en-in/news/i-league-aizawl-fc-sign-defender-former-bengaluru-fc/13w1rz6tefq9e166a1y1f5eejb|accessdate=2 December 2017|publisher=Goal.com|date=9 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204061217/http://www.goal.com/en-in/news/i-league-aizawl-fc-sign-defender-former-bengaluru-fc/13w1rz6tefq9e166a1y1f5eejb|archive-date=4 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|12
|{{sort|?|GK}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Avilash Paul]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pune F.C.]]
|18 August 2017
|<ref name = tr818 />
|-
|14
|{{sort|?|FW}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yugo Kobayashi]]
|{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Songkhla United F.C.]]
|18 August 2017
|<ref name=tr818>{{cite web|title=I-LEAGUE: DEFENDING CHAMPIONS AIZAWL FC SIGN JAPANESE FORWARD YUGO KOBAYASHI|url=http://www.goal.com/en-in/news/i-league-defending-champions-aizawl-fc-sign-japanese-forward/13zctelucsbrrzshrq2niazt6|accessdate=2 December 2017|publisher=Goal.com|date=18 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929092832/http://www.goal.com/en-in/news/i-league-defending-champions-aizawl-fc-sign-japanese-forward/13zctelucsbrrzshrq2niazt6|archive-date=29 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|10
|{{sort|?|FW}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|Ivory Coast}} [[Léonce Dodoz Zikahi]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]]
|20 August 2017
|<ref name=tr820>{{cite web|title=I-LEAGUE: AIZAWL FC SIGN LEONCE DODOZ, SET EYES ON MIZORAM PREMIER LEAGUE|url=http://www.goal.com/en-in/news/i-league-aizawl-fc-sign-leonce-dodoz/1m9cx3oueb8pm1obluoy1rkjas|accessdate=2 December 2017|publisher=Goal.com|date=20 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830072530/http://www.goal.com/en-in/news/i-league-aizawl-fc-sign-leonce-dodoz/1m9cx3oueb8pm1obluoy1rkjas|archive-date=30 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|5
|{{sort|?|DF}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|AFG|2013}} [[Masih Saighani]]
|{{flagicon|GER}} Türk Gücü Friedberg
|24 August 2017
|<ref name = tr826 /><ref name=tr824>{{cite web|title=I-League 2017: Afghan defender Masi Saighani joins champions Aizawl FC|url=https://thefangarage.com/articles/12045-i-league-2017-afghan-defender-masi-saighani-joins-champions-aizawl-fc|accessdate=2 December 2017|publisher=fangarage.com|date=24 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203083054/https://thefangarage.com/articles/12045-i-league-2017-afghan-defender-masi-saighani-joins-champions-aizawl-fc|archive-date=3 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|22
|{{sort|?|MF}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Andrei Ionescu]]
|{{flagicon|ROM}} [[FC Voluntari]]
|26 August 2017
|<ref name = tr826>{{cite web|title=I-LEAGUE: DEFENDING CHAMPIONS AIZAWL FC SIGN DEFENDER LALROZAMA FANAI|url=http://www.goal.com/en-in/news/i-league-aizawl-fc-sign-striker-andrei-ionescu/1vgdjatn5s6pa14gnv5he1fezu|accessdate=2 December 2017|publisher=Goal.com|date=26 August 2017}}</ref>
|-
|18
|{{sort|?|MF}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|IND}} Liandala Fanai
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennai City F.C.]]
|1 September 2017
|<ref name=tr91>{{cite web|title=I-League 2017: Aizawl FC sign Liandala Fanai (Sena)|url=https://thefangarage.com/articles/12149-i-league-2017-aizawl-fc-sign-liandala-fanai-sena|accessdate=2 December 2017|publisher=fangarage.com|date=1 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203083126/https://thefangarage.com/articles/12149-i-league-2017-aizawl-fc-sign-liandala-fanai-sena|archive-date=3 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|23
|{{sort|?|GK}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arup Debnath]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]
|7 November 2017
|<ref name=tr117>{{cite web|title=I-League 2017–18: Aizawl FC sign former East Bengal and Neroca FC goalkeeper Arup Debnath|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/i-league-2017-18-aizwal-fc-sign-former-neroca-fc-goalkeeper-arup-debnath|accessdate=2 December 2017|publisher=sportskeeda.com|date=7 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203083007/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/i-league-2017-18-aizwal-fc-sign-former-neroca-fc-goalkeeper-arup-debnath|archive-date=3 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=I-League 2017 – Aizawl FC sign former East Bengal goalkeeper Arup Debnath|url=https://thefangarage.com/articles/12899-i-league-2017--aizawl-fc-sign-former-east-bengal-goalkeeper-arup-debnath|accessdate=2 December 2017|publisher=fangarage.com|date=7 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203082915/https://thefangarage.com/articles/12899-i-league-2017--aizawl-fc-sign-former-east-bengal-goalkeeper-arup-debnath|archive-date=3 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|9
|{{sort|?|FW}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalkhawpuimawia]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chhinga Veng F.C.|Chhinga Veng]]
|1 January 2018
|<ref name=tr11>{{cite web|title=New Signing Lalkhawpuimawia|url=https://www.facebook.com/aizawl.fc/photos/a.529274597138062.1073741827.521405447924977/1723750161023827/?type=3|accessdate=1 January 2018|publisher=Aizawl FC (Facebook page)|date=1 January 2018}}</ref>
|-
|21
|{{sort|?|MF}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|IND}} H. Lalmuankima
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[FC Goa]]
|5 March 2018
|<ref name=tr35>{{cite web|title=Welcome back MKa |url=https://www.facebook.com/aizawl.fc/photos/a.529274597138062.1073741827.521405447924977/1796499380415571/?type=3 |accessdate=31 March 2018 |publisher=Aizawl FC (Facebook page) |date=5 March 2018}}</ref>
|}

===Out===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; text-align:left"
!No.
!scope=col|Position
!scope=col|Player
!scope=col|New club
!scope=col|Date
!scope=col|Ref
|-
|1
|{{sort|?|GK}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Albino Gomes]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai City FC]]
|1 June 2017
|End of Loan<ref name=squadanalysis>{{cite web|title=I-LEAGUE 2017: AIZAWL FC SQUAD ANALYSIS- DEFENDING CHAMPIONS WON'T FIND IT EASY WITH A DISMANTLED SQUAD|url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/i-league-2017-aizawl-fc-squad-analysis/1082hw6pd804n1wns24e9mk6x0|accessdate=3 December 2017|publisher=Goal.com|date=23 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204222929/http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/i-league-2017-aizawl-fc-squad-analysis/1082hw6pd804n1wns24e9mk6x0|archive-date=4 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|3
|{{sort|?|DF}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|NGR}} [[Kingsley Obumneme]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]
|1 June 2017
|<ref name = 624tr>{{cite web|title=I-LEAGUE: MOHUN BAGAN SIGN AIZAWL FC'S EZE KINGSLEY, EYE VETERAN RANTI MARTINS|url=http://www.goal.com/en-in/news/i-league-mohun-bagan-sign-aizawl-fcs/12azq8gric6gk1qed0uufsi3go|accessdate=7 December 2017|publisher=Goal.com|date=24 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208231350/http://www.goal.com/en-in/news/i-league-mohun-bagan-sign-aizawl-fcs/12azq8gric6gk1qed0uufsi3go|archive-date=8 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|5
|{{sort|?|DF}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Zohmingliana Ralte]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bengaluru FC]]
|1 June 2017
|<ref name=723tr>{{cite web|title=Ready to fight for my place at BFC, says Zohmingliana Ralte|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/football/210817/ready-to-fight-for-my-place-at-bfc-says-zohmingliana-ralte.html|access-date=7 December 2017|work=deccanchronicle|date=21 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208072602/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/football/210817/ready-to-fight-for-my-place-at-bfc-says-zohmingliana-ralte.html|archive-date=8 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=BLUES RETAIN FIVE, SIGN EIGHT NEW PLAYERS AT ISL DRAFT|url=http://www.bengalurufc.com/blues-retain-five-sign-eight-new-players-isl-draft/|accessdate=7 December 2017|work=Bengalurufc.com|date=23 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017145553/http://www.bengalurufc.com/blues-retain-five-sign-eight-new-players-isl-draft/|archive-date=17 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|24
|{{sort|?|DF}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalthakima]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kerala Blasters FC]]
|1 June 2017
|<ref name=ISLdraft />
|-
|27
|{{sort|?|DF}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalramchullova]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|1 June 2017
|<ref name=523tr>{{cite web|title=I-LEAGUE: EAST BENGAL SIGN AIZAWL FC DUO MAHMOUD AL AMNA AND LALRAMCHULLOVA|url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/i-league-east-bengal-sign-aizawl-fc-duo-lalramchullova-and/1jgaaj8i34bew1dktod8xsoeu8|accessdate=7 December 2017|publisher=goal.com|date=23 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208231417/http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/i-league-east-bengal-sign-aizawl-fc-duo-lalramchullova-and/1jgaaj8i34bew1dktod8xsoeu8|archive-date=8 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|36
|{{sort|?|DF}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashutosh Mehta]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai City FC]]
|1 June 2017
|End of Loan<ref name=squadanalysis />
|-
|39
|{{sort|?|DF}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalruatthara]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kerala Blasters FC]]
|1 June 2017
|<ref name=ISLdraft>{{cite news|title=ISL 2017 player draft, as it happened: ATK, Jamshedpur FC and Pune strike big|url=https://thefield.scroll.in/844751/isl-2017-player-draft-live-updates-eugenson-lyngdoh-anas-edathodika-touted-as-top-draws|accessdate=7 December 2017|work=The Field|date=23 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=ISL: Ruatthara shining brightly in Kerala Blasters yellow|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/football/indian-super-league/2017/nov/30/isl-ruatthara-shining-brightly-in-kerala-blasters-yellow-1714705.html|access-date=7 December 2017|publisher=newindianexpress.com|date=30 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208070731/http://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/football/indian-super-league/2017/nov/30/isl-ruatthara-shining-brightly-in-kerala-blasters-yellow-1714705.html|archive-date=8 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|6
|{{sort|?|MF}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|SYR}} [[Mahmoud Amnah]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|1 June 2017
|<ref name=523tr />
|-
|16
|{{sort|?|MF}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jayesh Rane]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennaiyin FC]]
|1 June 2017
|End of Loan<ref name=squadanalysis />
|-
|17
|{{sort|?|MF}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Laldanmawia Ralte]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|1 June 2017
|<ref name=79tr>{{cite web|title=East Bengal Sign Aizawl FC Winger Laldanmawia Ralte|url=http://www.feverpitch.in/articles/news/east-bengal-sign-aizawl-fc-winger-laldanmawia-ralte|accessdate=7 December 2017|publisher=feverpitch.com|date=9 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814232939/http://feverpitch.in/articles/news/east-bengal-sign-aizawl-fc-winger-laldanmawia-ralte|archive-date=14 August 2017|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
|30
|{{sort|?|MF}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Brandon Vanlalremdika]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|1 June 2017
|<ref name = 523tr1>{{cite web|title=EAST BENGAL SIGN BRANDON VANLALREMDIKA, SURABUDDIN MULLICK AND RICHARD COSTA; PROMOTE YOUTH TEAM PLAYERS|url=http://www.goal.com/en-in/news/east-bengal-sign-brandon-vanlalremdika-surabuddin-mullick/1uj9dxm6dxum013ti19laqy1dy|accessdate=7 December 2017|publisher=goal.com|date=23 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208231348/http://www.goal.com/en-in/news/east-bengal-sign-brandon-vanlalremdika-surabuddin-mullick/1uj9dxm6dxum013ti19laqy1dy|archive-date=8 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|32
|{{sort|?|FW}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|Ivory Coast}} [[Kamo Stephane Bayi]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]
|1 June 2017
|<ref name = 626tr>{{cite web|title=I-League: Mohun Bagan sign Ansumana Kromah and Kamo Bayi|url=http://www.goal.com/en-om/news/i-league-mohun-bagan-sign-ansumana-kromah-and-kamo-bayi/16sb7mhkt4clu1opf4wyxlhp47|accessdate=31 January 2018|publisher=goal.com|date=26 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201075719/http://www.goal.com/en-om/news/i-league-mohun-bagan-sign-ansumana-kromah-and-kamo-bayi/16sb7mhkt4clu1opf4wyxlhp47|archive-date=1 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|20
|{{sort|?|GK}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Zothanmawia]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chhinga Veng F.C.|Chhinga Veng]]
|1 June 2017
|
|-
|21
|{{sort|?|MF}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|IND}} H. Lalmuankima
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[FC Goa]]
|6 January 2018
|<ref name = 16tr>{{cite web|title=ISL 2017–18: FC Goa sign Aizawl FC star Lalmuankima|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/isl-2017-18-fc-goa-sign-aizawl-fc-star-lalmuankima-756359|accessdate=11 January 2018|publisher=ibitimes.com|date=6 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111014329/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/isl-2017-18-fc-goa-sign-aizawl-fc-star-lalmuankima-756359|archive-date=11 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

===Loan-in===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; text-align:left"
!No.
!scope=col|Position
!scope=col|Player
!scope=col|Club
!scope=col|Date
!scope=col|Ref
|-
|
|{{sort|?|MF}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|IND}} [[V Laltanpuia]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} Mizoram Police FC
|November 2017
|
|-
|24
|{{sort|?|MF}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalthathanga Khawlhring]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[NorthEast United FC]]
|November 2017
|
|-
|41
|{{sort|?|DF}}
!scope=row| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalchhawnkima]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai City FC]]
|February 2018
|<ref name=loan215>{{cite web|title=LALCHHAWNKIMA (Kimkima) IS BACK!!|url=https://www.facebook.com/aizawl.fc/photos/a.529274597138062.1073741827.521405447924977/1775119682553541/?type=3|accessdate=15 February 2018|publisher=Aizawl FC Official Facebook Page|date=15 February 2018}}</ref>
|}

==Pre-season friendlies==
AIzawl played a pre-season friendly match against ISL outfit, [[Chennaiyin FC]] behind closed doors. Chennaiyin FC defeated Aizawl by 1–0 with Mohammed Rafi scoring the lone goal of the match for the Chennai-based ISL team.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chennaiyin frontline impresses Aizawl coach|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/chennaiyin-frontline-impresses-aizawl-coach/articleshow/61525468.cms|accessdate=2 December 2017|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=6 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207141725/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/chennaiyin-frontline-impresses-aizawl-coach/articleshow/61525468.cms|archive-date=7 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> They did not play any other pre-season friendly as they were playing in this season's Mizoram Premier League.<ref name=mpl2017>{{cite web|title=2017 MIZORAM PREMIER LEAGUE: SEASON PREVIEW – SIXTH EDITION DAWNS ON NORTHEAST'S FOOTBALLING HOTBED|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/2017-mizoram-premier-league-season-6-preview-northeast/9ephr8e2umch1edy5efbpkxux|accessdate=7 December 2017|publisher=goal.com|date=30 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208231410/http://www.goal.com/en/news/2017-mizoram-premier-league-season-6-preview-northeast/9ephr8e2umch1edy5efbpkxux|archive-date=8 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2017|11|06|df=y}}
|time = 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round =
|team1 = [[Chennaiyin FC]]
|score = 1–0
|report = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/chennaiyin-frontline-impresses-aizawl-coach/articleshow/61525468.cms
|team2 = Aizawl
|goals1 = [[Mohammed Rafi (footballer)|Mohammed Rafi]] {{goal}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|location = [[Chennai]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = L
}}

==Competitions==

===Overview===
{{Fb overview2
|c=5
|c1=[[2017–18 Mizoram Premier League|Mizoram Premier League]] |fm1= 31 August 2017 |lm1= 8 December 2017 |sr1=Matchday 1 |fp1=Runners-up
|w1=8 |d1=5 |l1=4 |f1=39 |a1=20

|c2=[[2017–18 I-League|I-League]] |fm2= 28 November 2017 |lm2= 2 March 2018 |sr2=Matchday 1 |fp2=5th
|w2=6 |d2=6 |l2=6 |f2=21 |a2=18

|c3=[[2018 Indian Super Cup|Super Cup]] |fm3=31 March 2018 |lm3=8 April 2018 |sr3=[[2018 Indian Super Cup#Round of 16|Round of 16]] |fp3=[[2018 Indian Super Cup#Quarter-finals|Quarter-finals]]
|w3=1 |d3=0 |l3=1 |f3=7 |a3=6

|c4=[[2018 AFC Champions League|AFC Champions League]] |fm4=30 January 2018 |lm4=30 January 2018 |sr4=[[2018 AFC Champions League qualifying play-offs#Play-off round|Play-off Round]] |fp4=[[2018 AFC Champions League qualifying play-offs#Play-off round|Play-off Round]]
|w4=0 |d4=0 |l4=1 |f4=1 |a4=3

|c5=[[2018 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]] |fm5=14 March 2018 |lm5=16 May 2018 |sr5=[[2018 AFC Cup group stage#Group E|Group stage]] |fp5=[[2018 AFC Cup group stage#Group E|Group stage]]
|w5=1 |d5=1 |l5=4 |f5=5 |a5=16

|u={{Start date|2018|05|16|df=y}}.
}}

===Mizoram Premier League===
{{main|2017–18 Mizoram Premier League}}
Aizawl FC announced their squad for Mizoram Premier League on 28 August.<ref name=MPLsquad>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/aizawl.fc/photos/a.571134719618716.1073741830.521405447924977/1583537341711777/?type=3|title=Squad List for MPL-6|date=28 August 2017|work=facebook.com(Aizawl FC Official page)|accessdate=12 March 2018}}</ref> They played their first match on 30 August against Ramhlun North.<ref name=mpl2017 /> They finished the league as runners-up.

====League table====
{{:2017–18 Mizoram Premier League|showteam=AFC}}

====Result summary====
{{Fb_rs |hw=5 |hd=1 |hl=1 |hgf=21 |hga=6 |aw=2 |ad=3 |al=2 |agf=10 |aga=7}}

==== Results by match ====
{{#invoke:sports rbr table|table|legendpos=b
|title=
|header=Round
|label1= Ground
| res1= A/ A /H/ A/ H/ H/ A/ A/ H/ H/ A/ A/ H/ H
|label2= Result
| res2= D/ D/ D/ L/ W/ W/ L/ D/ W/ W/ W/ W/ W/ L
|label3= Position
| pos3= 4/ 5/ 5/ 7/ 5/ 3/ 4/ 4/ 2/ 2/ 2/ 2/ 2/ 2

| color_W = green2|text_W=Win
| color_D = yellow2|text_D=Draw
| color_L = red2|text_L=Loss
| text_H = Home|text_A = Away
| color_1-4=green1| color_7=red1| color_8=red2
| source =
}}

====Matches====
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2017|8|31|df=y}}
|time = 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 1
|team1 = Ramhlun North
|score = 1–1
|report =
|team2 = Aizawl
|goals1 = Lalliansanga {{goal|12}}
|goals2 = Jojo {{goal|35}}
|stadium = [[Lammual]]
|location = [[Aizawl]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2017|9|8|df=y}}
|time = 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 2
|team1 = [[Chanmari F.C.|Chanmari]]
|score = 1–1
|report = https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/photos/a.798244256893163.1073741866.406517749399151/1624243367626577/?type=3
|team2 = Aizawl
|goals1 = Lalmuanawma {{goal|26}}
|goals2 = [[David Lalrinmuana]] {{goal|45+2}}
|stadium = [[Lammual]]
|location = [[Aizawl]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2017|9|15|df=y}}
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 3
|team1 = Aizawl
|score = 2–2
|report = https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/photos/a.798244256893163.1073741866.406517749399151/1630301983687382/?type=3
|team2 = [[Chhinga Veng F.C.|Chhinga Veng]]
|goals1 = [[Lalthathanga Khawlhring]] {{goal|19}} Jojo {{goal|47}}
|goals2 = [[Malsawmfela]] {{goal|22}} Lalhriatrenga {{goal|36|o.g.}}
|stadium = [[Lammual]]
|location = [[Aizawl]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2017|9|18|df=y}}
|time = 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 4
|team1 = Chanmari West
|score = 1–0
|report = https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/photos/a.798244256893163.1073741866.406517749399151/1632740076776906/?type=3
|team2 = Aizawl
|goals1 = Lalremruata {{goal|74}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Lammual]]
|location = [[Aizawl]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2017|9|21|df=y}}
|time = 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 5
|team1 = Aizawl
|score = 6–1
|report = https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/photos/pcb.1635689839815263/1635688816482032/?type=3
|team2 = Mizoram Police FC
|goals1 = Rochharzela {{goal|9||36||63}} Hmingthanmawia {{goal|35}} [[Alfred Jaryan]] {{goal|80}} Jojo {{goal|88}}
|goals2 = Kareem {{goal|78}}
|stadium = [[Lammual]]
|location = [[Aizawl]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2017|9|28|df=y}}
|time = 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 6
|team1 = Aizawl
|score = 3–0
|report = https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/photos/a.798244256893163.1073741866.406517749399151/1641935012524079/?type=3
|team2 = Dinthar
|goals1 = [[Kareem Omolaja]] {{goal|38}} Jojo {{goal|39}} H. Lalmuankima {{goal|88}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Lammual]]
|location = [[Aizawl]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2016|10|3|df=y}}
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 7
|team1 = Bethlehem
|score = 2–0
|report =https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/photos/a.798244256893163.1073741866.406517749399151/1646598942057686/?type=3
|team2 = Aizawl
|goals1 = Dawngzela {{goal|36}} Samson Ramengmawia {{goal|45+2}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Lammual]]
|location = [[Aizawl]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2017|10|13|df=y}}
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 8
|team1 = Mizoram Police FC
|score = 2–2
|report =
|team2 = Aizawl
|goals1 =
|goals2 = [[William Lalnunfela]] {{goal|42}} [[Andrei Ionescu]] {{goal|57}}
|stadium = [[Lammual]]
|location = [[Aizawl]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2017|10|19|df=y}}
|time = 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 9
|team1 = Aizawl
|score = 3–1
|report = https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/photos/a.406519956065597.106374.406517749399151/1661112273939686/?type=3
|team2 = [[Chanmari F.C.|Chanmari]]
|goals1 = [[William Lalnunfela]] {{goal|33||65}} [[Andrei Ionescu]] {{goal|37}}
|goals2 = [[Malsawmzuala]] {{goal|20}}
|stadium = [[Lammual]]
|location = [[Aizawl]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2017|10|24|df=y}}
|time = 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 10
|team1 = Aizawl
|score = 5–1
|report = https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/photos/a.798244256893163.1073741866.406517749399151/1665886106795636/?type=3
|team2 = Bethlehem
|goals1 = H. Lalmuankima {{goal|17}} [[David Lalrinmuana]] {{goal|25||88}} [[Masih Saighani]] {{goal|35}} Rochharzela {{goal|72}}
|goals2 = Lalnuntluanga {{goal|20}}
|stadium = [[Lammual]]
|location = [[Aizawl]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2017|10|26|df=y}}
|time = 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 11
|team1 = [[Chhinga Veng F.C.|Chhinga Veng]]
|score = 0–2
|report =https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/photos/a.406519956065597.106374.406517749399151/1667863909931189/?type=3
|team2 = Aizawl
|goals1 =
|goals2 = H. Lalmuankima {{goal|16}} Jojo {{goal|90+4}}
|stadium = [[Lammual]]
|location = [[Aizawl]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2016|11|1|df=y}}
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 12
|team1 = Dinthar
|score = 0–4
|report =https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/photos/a.798244256893163.1073741866.406517749399151/1674010999316480/?type=3
|team2 = Aizawl
|goals1 =
|goals2 = [[David Lalrinmuana]] {{goal|9}} H. Lalmuankima {{goal|21}} [[Andrei Ionescu]] {{goal|26}} [[William Lalnunfela]] {{goal|80}}
|stadium = [[Lammual]]
|location = [[Aizawl]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2016|11|10|df=y}}
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 13
|team1 = Aizawl
|score = 2–0
|report = https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/photos/a.798244256893163.1073741866.406517749399151/1683480548369525/?type=3
|team2 = Chanmari West
|goals1 = [[Masih Saighani]] {{goal|25}} [[William Lalnunfela]] {{goal|88}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Lammual]]
|location = [[Aizawl]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2016|11|17|df=y}}
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 14
|team1 = Aizawl
|score = 0–1
|report = https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/photos/pcb.1690460081004905/1690459481004965/?type=3
|team2 = Ramhlun North
|goals1 =
|goals2 = Lalremruata {{goal|90+3}}
|stadium = [[Lammual]]
|location = [[Aizawl]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = L
}}

;Semi-finals
{{football box collapsible |id="Aizawl v Mizoram Police FC"
|date = 23 November 2017
|time = 19:30 IST
|team1 = Aizawl
|score = 2–2
|report = [https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/photos/a.798244256893163.1073741866.406517749399151/1695722117145368/?type=3 Report]
|team2 = Mizoram Police FC
|goals1 = [[Masih Saighani]] {{goal|22}} Lalhriatrenga {{goal|85}}
|goals2 = [[F Lalrinpuia|Lalrinpuia]] {{goal|7}} [[Joseph Lalfakzuala|Lalfakzuala]] {{goal|90+4}}
|location = [[Aizawl]]
|stadium = [[Lammual]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = D
|motm = [[David Lalrinmuana]] (Aizawl)
}}
{{football box collapsible |id="Mizoram Police FC v Aizawl"
|date = 4 December 2017
|time = 19:30 IST
|team1 = Mizoram Police FC
|score = 1–1
|aggregatescore=3–3
|report = https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/photos/a.798244256893163.1073741866.406517749399151/1707261579324755/?type=3
|team2 = Aizawl
|goals1 = Lalbhiaklua {{goal|17}}
|goals2 = H. Lalmuankima {{goal|14}}
|location = [[Aizawl]]
|stadium = [[Lammual]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
|motm = H. Lalmuankima (Aizawl FC)
|penalties2 =
* {{pengoal}} [[David Lalrinmuana]]
* {{pengoal}} [[William Lalnunfela]]
* {{pengoal}} [[Lalrinzuala Khiangte]]
* {{pengoal}} [[Masih Saighani]]
* {{pengoal}} H. Lalmuankima
|penaltyscore = 3–5
|penalties1 =
* {{penmiss}} Zomuanpuia
* {{pengoal}} Valpuia
* {{pengoal}} [[Lalrinchhana Tochhawng|Lalrinchhana]]
* {{pengoal}} Lalbhiaklua
}}

;Final
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2017|12|08|df=y}}
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Chhinga Veng F.C.|Chhinga Veng]]
|score = 1–0
|report = http://www.arunfoot.com/chhinga-veng-fc-lift-mizoram-premier-league-season-6-trophy-complete-treble/
|team2 = [[Aizawl F.C.]]
|goals1 = [[R Malsawmtluanga]] {{goal|5}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Aizawl]]
|stadium = [[Lammual]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = L
|motm = [[R Malsawmtluanga]] (Chhinga Veng)
}}
Rochharzela was awarded the '''Best Young Player of the Tournament''' while H. Lalmuankima was awarded '''Best Forward of the Tournament'''.<ref name=MPLawards1>{{cite news|title=MPL 6 Individual Award winners|url=https://www.facebook.com/MizoramPremierLeague/posts/1711306502253596|accessdate=8 December 2017|work=Mizoram Premier League(Facebook)|date=8 December 2017}}</ref><ref name=MPLawards2>{{cite news|title=MPL 6 Individual Award winners|url=https://www.facebook.com/aizawl.fc/photos/pcb.1705065389558971/1705062082892635/?type=3|accessdate=14 December 2017|work=Aizawl FC(Facebook)|date=14 December 2017}}</ref>

===I-League===
{{main|2017–18 I-League}}

The fixtures for the [[2017–18 I-League|2017–18]] season were announced on 13 November 2017. Aizawl FC began their title defence against East Bengal on 28 November at [[Salt Lake Stadium]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=I-League fixtures announced: Aizawl began title defence at East Bengal|url=http://www.espn.com/soccer/indian-i-league/story/3269197/i-league-fixtures-announced-aizawl-begin-title-defence-at-east-bengal?src=com|work=espn.com|date=13 November 2017|accessdate=30 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204222840/http://www.espn.com/soccer/indian-i-league/story/3269197/i-league-fixtures-announced-aizawl-begin-title-defence-at-east-bengal?src=com|archive-date=4 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=I-LEAGUE 2017 FIXTURES RELEASED: MINERVA TO HOST MOHUN BAGAN IN OPENER|url=http://www.goal.com/en-in/news/i-league-2017-fixtures-released-minerva-to-host-mohun-bagan/60bqbxsidjh41my2jh8h17wc3|publisher=goal.com|date=14 November 2017|accessdate=30 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204222835/http://www.goal.com/en-in/news/i-league-2017-fixtures-released-minerva-to-host-mohun-bagan/60bqbxsidjh41my2jh8h17wc3|archive-date=4 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> They ended the league finishing fifth.

====League table====
{{:2017–18 I-League|showteam=AIZ}}

====Result summary====
{{Fb_rs |hw=5 |hd=2 |hl=2 |hgf=13 |hga=6 |aw=1 |ad=4 |al=4 |agf=8 |aga=12}}
{{Fb rs footer|s=[http://i-league.org/ i-league.org]|u=2 March 2018|date=November 2017}}

==== Results by match ====
{{#invoke:sports rbr table|table|legendpos=b
|header=Round
|label1= Ground
| res1= [[Salt Lake Stadium|A]]/ [[Rajiv Gandhi Stadium (Aizawl)|H]]/ H/ H/ [[EMS Stadium|A]]/ [[Salt Lake Stadium|A]]/ H/ H/ H/ H/ [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Coimbatore)|A]]/ [[Fatorda Stadium|A]]/ [[Khuman Lampak Main Stadium|A]]/ [[Tilak Maidan Stadium|A]]/ [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Shillong)|A]]/ H/ [[Guru Nanak Stadium|A]]/ H
|label2= Result
| res2= D/ W/ L/ W/ W/ L/ W/ D/ L/ D/ D/ L/ D/ D/ L/ W/ L/ W
|label3= Position
| pos3= 4/ 5/ 6/ 6/ 5/ 6/ 6/ 4/ 4/ 6/ 6/ 6/ 5/ 5/ 6/ 6/ 6/ 5

| color_W = green2|text_W=Win
| color_D = yellow2|text_D=Draw
| color_L = red2|text_L=Loss
| text_H = Home|text_A = Away
| color_1=gold| color_2=silver| color_10=red1
| source = [http://i-league.org/ i-league.org]
}}

====Matches====
{{football box collapsible
|round = 1
|date = 28 November 2017
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score = 2–2
|report = http://www.espn.co.uk/football/report?gameId=498895
|team2 = [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
|goals1 = [[Eduardo Ferreira]]{{goal|66}} [[Katsumi Yusa]]{{goal|72}} [[Brandon Vanlalremdika]] {{yel|78}}
|goals2 = [[Alfred Jaryan]] {{yel|19}} [[Lalrinzuala Khiangte]] {{yel|43}} [[Masih Saighani]] {{yel|45+1}} [[William Lalnunfela]]{{goal|74||90+4}} H. Lalmuankima {{yel|78}} [[Kareem Omolaja]] {{yel|80}}
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 16611
|referee = [[Santosh Kumar (referee)|Santosh Kumar]]
|result = D
|motm = [[Katsumi Yusa]] (East Bengal FC)
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 2
|date = 13 December 2017
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = Aizawl
|score = 1–0
|report = http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/aizawl-v-churchill-brothers/report/bluw2e09vkdy28qf4k6fjj5nu
|team2 = [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|goals1 = [[Lalrinzuala Khiangte]] {{yel|59}} H. Lalmuankima {{yel|87}} [[Yugo Kobayashi]] {{goal|88}} {{yel|89}}
|goals2 = Monday Osagie {{yel|90+5}}
|stadium = [[Rajiv Gandhi Stadium (Aizawl)|Rajiv Gandhi Stadium]]
|location = [[Aizawl]]
|attendance = 2,875
|referee = Pratik Mondal
|result = W
|motm = [[Masih Saighani]] (Aizawl FC)
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 3
|date = 18 December 2017
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = Aizawl
|score = 0–1
|report = http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/aizawl-v-shillong-lajong/report/bmlgk752pnpvr3jt3wdti9my2
|team2 = [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
|goals1 = [[Lalrinzuala Khiangte]] {{yel|31}} [[Masih Saighani]] {{yel|90+1}}
|goals2 = [[Redeem Tlang]] {{goal|60}} [[Novin Gurung]] {{yel|74}} [[Phurba Lachenpa]] {{yel|90+1}}
|stadium = [[Rajiv Gandhi Stadium (Aizawl)]]
|location = [[Aizawl]]
|attendance = 3,800
|referee = Om Prakash Thakur
|result = L
|motm = [[Redeem Tlang]] (Shillong Lajong FC)
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 4
|date = 27 December 2017
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = Aizawl
|score = 2–1
|report = http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/aizawl-v-minerva-punjab/report/bosi6g39r6c8mchqke2ogn6ui
|team2 = [[Minerva Punjab FC|Minerva Punjab]]
|goals1 = [[Kareem Omolaja]] {{goal|72}} [[Masih Saighani]] {{yel|75}} [[Andrei Ionescu]] {{goal|86}}
|goals2 = [[Chencho Gyeltshen]] {{yel|61}} Amandeep Singh {{yel|78}} [[Girik Khosla]] {{goal|90+4}}
|stadium = [[Rajiv Gandhi Stadium (Aizawl)]]
|location = [[Aizawl]]
|attendance = 4,200
|referee = Raktim Saha
|result = W
|motm = [[Léonce Dodoz Zikahi]] (Aizawl FC)
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 5
|date = 31 December 2017
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]
|score = 0–2
|report = http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/gokulam-v-aizawl/report/bpt4wbx0jylb148j9w5ffqzqi
|team2 = Aizawl
|goals1 = [[Mohammed Irshad]] {{yel|45+2}} Santu Singh {{yel|68}}
|goals2 = [[Yugo Kobayashi]] {{goal|45}} [[Andrei Ionescu]] {{goal|52}} [[Laldinliana Renthlei]] {{yel|90+2}}
|stadium = [[EMS Stadium]]
|location = [[Kozhikode]]
|attendance = 3,720
|referee = Priyobatra Singh Langpoklakpam
|result = W
|motm = [[Andrei Ionescu]] (Aizawl FC)
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 6
|date = 7 January 2018
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 2–0
|report = http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/mohun-bagan-v-aizawl/bqyn64s2ktjlta82jwg2poodm
|team2 = Aizawl
|goals1 = [[Ricky Lallawmawma]] {{yel|19}} [[Masih Saighani]] {{goal|54|o.g.}} [[Aser Pierrick Dipanda]] {{goal|75}} [[Kingsley Obumneme]] {{yel|81}} [[Raynier Fernandes]] {{yel|81}}
|goals2 = [[William Lalnunfela]] {{yel|40}} [[Kareem Omolaja]] {{yel|49}} [[Lalthathanga Khawlhring]] {{yel|88}} Lalram Hmunmawia {{yel|90+1}}
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 5,785
|referee = Ajitkumar Meitei Lairenlakpam
|result = L
|motm = [[Aser Pierrick Dipanda]] (Mohun Bagan AC)
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 7
|date = 13 January 2018
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = Aizawl
|score = 2–0
|report = http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/aizawl-v-chennai-city/report/brr210rac2onlfa03vnoswvai
|team2 = [[Chennai City F.C.|Chennai City]]
|goals1 = [[Yugo Kobayashi]] {{goal|26|pen.}} [[David Lalrinmuana]] {{goal|33}}
|goals2 = Tarif Akhand {{yel|81}}
|stadium = [[Rajiv Gandhi Stadium (Aizawl)]]
|location = [[Aizawl]]
|attendance = 3,620
|referee = Om Prakash Thakur
|result = W
|motm = [[David Lalrinmuana]] (Aizawl FC)
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 8
|date = 16 January 2018
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = Aizawl
|score = 0–0
|report = http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/aizawl-v-east-bengal/report/bv5e53trr1dir7r5g1bkmffje
|team2 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1 = [[Masih Saighani]] {{yel|60}} [[Alfred Jaryan]] {{yel|63}}
|goals2 = [[Laldanmawia Ralte]] {{yel|10}} [[Lalramchullova]] {{yel|54}} [[Katsumi Yusa]] {{yel|60}}
|stadium = [[Rajiv Gandhi Stadium (Aizawl)]]
|location = [[Aizawl]]
|attendance = 7,280
|referee = Rosario Fernandes
|result = D
|motm = [[Avilash Paul]] (Aizawl FC)
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 9
|date = 20 January 2018
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = Aizawl
|score = 1–2
|report = http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/aizawl-v-neroca/bt40vg4wh9jrt1dt2i8kwrkve
|team2 = [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]
|goals1 = [[Kareem Omolaja]] {{goal|39}} [[Alfred Jaryan]] {{yel|72}} C Lalrosanga {{yel|78}}
|goals2 = Ashok Singh {{yel|30}} [[Felix Chidi Odili]] {{goal|64}} Nedo Turković {{goal|86}} David Lalbiakzara {{yel|87}}
|stadium = [[Rajiv Gandhi Stadium (Aizawl)]]
|location = [[Aizawl]]
|attendance = 7,250
|referee = Raktim Saha
|result = L
|motm = [[Felix Chidi Odili]] (NEROCA FC)
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 10
|date = 25 January 2018
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = Aizawl
|score = 1–1
|report = http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/aizawl-v-mohun-bagan/buivle5na6zhctwqdj4mgaezu
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1 = [[Yugo Kobayashi]] {{yel|1}} [[Lalthathanga Khawlhring]] {{goal|73}} C Lalrosanga {{yel|85}} [[Alfred Jaryan]] {{sent off|0|89}}
|goals2 = [[Manandeep Singh]] {{yel|56}}{{goal|77|pen.}} [[Raynier Fernandes]] {{yel|85}}
|stadium = [[Rajiv Gandhi Stadium (Aizawl)]]
|location = [[Aizawl]]
|attendance = 3,272
|referee = Senthil Nathan
|result = D
|motm = [[Léonce Dodoz Zikahi]] (Aizawl FC)
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 11
|date = 3 February 2018
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Chennai City F.C.|Chennai City]]
|score = 1–1
|report = http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/chennai-city-v-aizawl/report/bvjtqz1npiecv0e9zic9pku3u
|team2 = Aizawl
|goals1 = Antony Beautin {{goal|73}}
|goals2 = [[Yugo Kobayashi]] {{goal|3}} Lalhriatrenga {{yel|55}} [[Masih Saighani]] {{yel|88}}
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Coimbatore)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|location = [[Coimbatore]]
|attendance = 4,082
|referee = Parmanand Jaganath Mandrekar
|result = D
|motm = [[Michael Soosairaj]] (Chennai City FC)
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 12
|date = 6 February 2018
|time = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|score = 1–0
|report = http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/churchill-brothers-v-aizawl/report/bwkwt0sm3g7j788rkxrknhcve
|team2 = Aizawl
|goals1 = [[Mechac Koffi]] {{goal|21}} Hussein Eldor {{yel|43}} [[Wayne Vaz]] {{yel|74}}
|goals2 = [[Andrei Ionescu]] {{yel|45}} [[Léonce Dodoz Zikahi]] {{yel|54}} C Lalrosanga {{sent off|0|80}}
|stadium = [[Tilak Maidan Stadium]]
|location = [[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco da Gama]]
|attendance = 3,116
|referee = Pratik Mondal
|result = L
|motm = [[Monday Osagie]] (Churchill Brothers SC)
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 13
|date = 10 February 2018
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]
|score = 0–0
|report = http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/neroca-v-aizawl/bx2gxwwqry7v9k1tx8olffpm2
|team2 = Aizawl
|goals1 = [[Thangjam Singh]] {{yel|68}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Khuman Lampak Main Stadium]]
|location = [[Imphal]]
|attendance = 20,345
|referee = Tanmoy Dhar
|result = D
|motm = Lalram Hmunmawia (Aizawl FC)
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 14
|date = 16 February 2018
|time = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Indian Arrows]]
|score = 2–2
|report = http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/i-league-2017-18-late-penalty-strike-by-amarjit-rescues-a/y614qq0rv6uu1qidqva156k64
|team2 = Aizawl
|goals1 = [[Edmund Lalrindika]] {{goal|48}} [[Amarjit Singh Kiyam]] {{goal|89|pen.}}
|goals2 = [[Masih Saighani]] {{goal|40}} [[Léonce Dodoz Zikahi]] {{goal|54}} C Lalrosanga {{sent off|2|56|88}}
|stadium = [[Tilak Maidan Stadium]]
|location = [[Vasco da Gama]]
|attendance = 3,175
|referee = [[C. R. Srikrishna]]
|result = D
|motm = [[Edmund Lalrindika]] (Indian Arrows)
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 15
|date = 19 February 2018
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
|score = 2–1
|report = http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/i-league-2017-18-shillong-lajong-v-aizawl-fc-match-report/qonjtruvfkm41pi21m8qdbwgl
|team2 = Aizawl
|goals1 = [[Redeem Tlang]] {{yel|41}} [[Abdoulaye Koffi]] {{goal|58}} [[Saihou Jagne]] {{goal|73}}
|goals2 = [[Laldinliana Renthlei]] {{yel|31}} [[Léonce Dodoz Zikahi]] {{goal|90+5}}
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Shillong)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|location = [[Shillong]]
|attendance = 6,300
|referee = Pratik Mondal
|result = L
|motm = [[Saihou Jagne]] (Shillong Lajong FC)
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 16
|date = 23 February 2018
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = Aizawl
|score = 3–0
|report = http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/aizawl-v-indian-arrows/bzaa26ngpkjiab0y3swp07syy
|team2 = [[Indian Arrows]]
|goals1 = [[Andrei Ionescu]] {{goal|7}} [[Lalkhawpuimawia]] {{goal|16||87}}{{yel|59}} Rochharzela {{yel|67}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Rajiv Gandhi Stadium (Aizawl)]]
|location = [[Aizawl]]
|attendance = 3,200
|referee = Rosario Fernandes
|result = W
|motm = [[Lalkhawpuimawia]] (Aizawl FC)
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 17
|date = 26 February 2018
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Minerva Punjab FC|Minerva Punjab]]
|score = 2–0
|report = http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/minerva-punjab-v-aizawl/report/bzwsx65eylvprkf9gqsee4zfu
|team2 = Aizawl
|goals1 = Akash Sangwan {{goal|50}} Akashdeep Singh {{yel|59}} Armand Bazie {{goal|90+5}}
|goals2 = [[David Lalrinmuana]] {{yel|90+5}}
|stadium = [[Tau Devi Lal Stadium]]
|location = [[Panchkula]]
|attendance = 4428
|referee = Khamruddin Mohammed Avez
|result = L
|motm = [[Guy Eric Dano]] (Minerva Punjab FC)
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 18
|date = 2 March 2018
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = Aizawl
|score = 3–1
|report = http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/aizawl-v-gokulam/report/c0dhvtubnmk77kvheijgcidt6
|team2 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]
|goals1 = [[Masih Saighani]] {{yel|43}} [[Léonce Dodoz Zikahi]] {{yel|57}}{{goal|59||74}} [[Lalkhawpuimawia]] {{goal|78}}
|goals2 = [[Mahmood Al-Ajmi]] {{goal|25|pen.}}{{yel|55}} [[Emmanuel Chigozie]] {{yel|83}}
|stadium = [[Rajiv Gandhi Stadium (Aizawl)]]
|location = [[Aizawl]]
|attendance = 2,800
|referee = Crystal John
|result = W
|motm = [[Léonce Dodoz Zikahi]] (Aizawl FC)
}}

===Super Cup===
{{main|2018 Indian Super Cup}}
As they were one of the top six teams of the previous season, Aizawl FC qualified for the main round in the 2018 Indian Super Cup. They met [[2017–18 Indian Super League|ISL Champions]], Chennaiyin in the Round of 16.<ref name=ISCR16>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/super-cup-2018-round-of-16-fixtures-isl-ileague/1vrt68z9011hq1l0jaxhlw6xw8|title=Super Cup 2018: Jamshedpur FC face I-League champions Minerva Punjab and the Round of 16 fixtures|date=12 March 2018|work=goal.com|accessdate=12 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313032959/http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/super-cup-2018-round-of-16-fixtures-isl-ileague/1vrt68z9011hq1l0jaxhlw6xw8|archive-date=13 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> After they won their opening match on penalties after going behind by a single goal,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.supercup.in/news/aizawl-defeat-chennaiyin-5-3-on-penalties-to-secure-quarter-final-berth|title=Aizawl defeat Chennaiyin 5–3 on penalties to secure quarter-final berth|date=31 March 2018|accessdate=31 March 2019|work=supercup.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331042743/http://www.supercup.in/news/aizawl-defeat-chennaiyin-5-3-on-penalties-to-secure-quarter-final-berth|archive-date=31 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> they would be knocked out in the quarter-final stage by East Bengal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.supercup.in/news/raltes-injury-time-penalty-takes-east-bengal-to-the-semi-finals|title=Ralte's injury-time penalty takes East Bengal to the semi-finals|date=8 April 2018|accessdate=31 March 2019|work=supercup.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331042759/http://www.supercup.in/news/raltes-injury-time-penalty-takes-east-bengal-to-the-semi-finals|archive-date=31 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Football box collapsible
|round = Round of 16
|date = {{Start date|2018|3|31|df=y}}
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|score = 2–2
|team2 = Aizawl
|goals1 = [[Dhanpal Ganesh|Ganesh]] {{yel|34}} [[Bikramjit Singh|B Singh]] {{yel|52}} [[Maílson Alves|Alves]] {{goal|89}} {{yel|94}} [[Dhanachandra Singh|D Singh]] {{goal|114}}
|goals2 = [[Andrei Ionescu|Ionescu]] {{goal|22||91}} {{yel|64}} [[Alfred Jaryan|Jaryan]] {{yel|71}}
|aet = yes
|penaltyscore=3–5
| penalties1 =
* {{pengoal}}[[Bikramjit Singh|B Singh]]
* {{penmiss}}[[Mohammed Rafi (footballer)|Rafi]]
* {{pengoal}}[[Dhanachandra Singh|D Singh]]
* {{pengoal}}[[Dhanpal Ganesh|Ganesh]]
| penalties2 =
* {{pengoal}}[[Andrei Ionescu|Ionescu]]
* {{pengoal}}[[Léonce Dodoz Zikahi|Zikahi]]
* {{pengoal}}[[Masih Saighani|Saighani]]
* {{pengoal}}[[Lalchhawnkima]]
* {{pengoal}}Lalmuankima
|result = W
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]]
|location = [[Bhubaneshwar]]
|attendance = 5,000
|referee = [[Pranjal Banerjee]]
|report = http://www.supercup.in/news/aizawl-defeat-chennaiyin-5-3-on-penalties-to-secure-quarter-final-berth
|motm = [[Andrei Ionescu]] (Aizawl FC)
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round = Quarter-final
|date = {{Start date|2018|4|08|df=y}}
|time = 16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = Aizawl
|score = 0–1
|team2 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1 = Hmingthanmawia {{yel|33}} C Lalrosanga {{yel|77}} [[Masih Saighani|Saighani]] {{yel|81}}
|goals2 = [[Khalid Aucho|Aucho]] {{yel|62}} [[Laldanmawia Ralte|Ralte]] {{goal|90+6|pen.}}
|result = L
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]]
|location = [[Bhubaneshwar]]
|attendance = 3,286
|referee = [[C. R. Srikrishna]]
|report = http://www.supercup.in/news/raltes-injury-time-penalty-takes-east-bengal-to-the-semi-finals
|motm = [[Laldanmawia Ralte]] (East Bengal FC)
}}

===AFC Champions League===
{{main|2018 AFC Champions League}}
As they were champions in the [[2016–17 I-League|previous season]], Aizawl FC competed in the play-off round for a spot in the group stage. On 6 November, they were too drawn to meet Iranian champions Zob Ahan at home.<ref name=AFCPL>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/after-rise-in-club-rankings-aizawl-fc-to-be-first-indian-side-in-afc-champions-league-playoffs|title=After rise in club rankings, Aizawl FC to be first Indian side in AFC Champions League playoffs|date=30 November 2017|work=sportskeeda.com|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204223233/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/after-rise-in-club-rankings-aizawl-fc-to-be-first-indian-side-in-afc-champions-league-playoffs|archive-date=4 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Aizawl FC lost 3–1 with Andrei Ionescu being the only goalscorer for Aizawl as they were knocked out of the 2018 AFC Champions League and relegated to the [[AFC Cup]].<ref name=AFCCL />

{{Football box collapsible
|round = [[2018 AFC Champions League qualifying play-offs#Play-off round|PL]]
|id = Zob Ahan v Aizawl FC
|date = {{Start date|2018|1|30|df=y}}
|time = 17:00 ([[Iran Standard Time|IRST]])
|team1 = [[Zob Ahan Esfahan F.C.|Zob Ahan]] {{flagicon|IRN}}
|score = 3–1
|team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} Aizawl FC
|goals1 = [[Mehdi Rajabzadeh]] {{goal|3|pen.}} [[Morteza Tabrizi]] {{goal|83||90+3}}
|goals2 = [[Andrei Ionescu]] {{goal|21}} C Lalrosanga {{yel|90}}
|stadium = [[Foolad Shahr Stadium]]
|location = [[Isfahan]]
|attendance = 3,000
|referee = Nivon Robesh Gamini ([[Sri Lanka]])
|report = http://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-champions-league-qualifying/matches/2018/963974
|result = L
|stack =
|mvp =
}}

===AFC Cup===
{{main|2018 AFC Cup}}
Aizawl FC competed in Group E alongside [[2017 Dhivehi Premier League|Maldives]] champion New Radiant, the [[2017–18 Bangladesh Football Premier League|Bangladeshi]] champion in Dhaka Abahani and winner of the South Asia play-off, Bengaluru. They were knocked out of the tournament after finishing last in Group E.<ref name="afcm6" />

====Group stage====
{{main|2018 AFC Cup group stage#Group E}}

;Group E
{{2018 AFC Cup group tables|Group E|show_matches=yes|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules|teamwidth=240|showteam=AIZ}}

;Matches
{{football box collapsible
|id = E2 v E1
|date = {{Start date|2018|3|14|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|16:00|5}}
|team1 = [[New Radiant S.C.|New Radiant]] {{flagicon|MDV}}
|score = 3–1
|team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} Aizawl FC
|goals1 = [[Ali Ashfaq]] {{goal|40||77||85}}
|goals2 = Lalchhuanawma Varte {{yel|24}} Lalram Hmunmawia {{goal|33}} {{yel|70}} {{sent off|0|74}} [[Masih Saighani]] {{yel|45}} [[Albert Zohmingmawia]] {{yel|45+2}}
|stadium = [[National Football Stadium (Maldives)|Rasmee Dhandu Stadium]]
|location = [[Malé]]
|attendance = 1,893
|referee = Ahmad A'Qashah ([[Football Association of Singapore|Singapore]])
|report = http://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-cup/latest/news/matchday-two-group-e-new-radiant-3-1-aizawl-fc
|result = L
|motm =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id = E1 v E4
|date = {{Start date|2018|4|5|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|18:30|5:30}}
|team1 = Aizawl FC {{flagicon|IND}}
|score = 1–3
|team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Bengaluru FC]]
|goals1 = [[Léonce Dodoz Zikahi]] {{goal|5}}
|goals2 = [[Daniel Lucas Segovia]] {{goal|45+1|pen.}} [[Rahul Bheke]] {{goal|63}} [[Daniel Lalhlimpuia]] {{goal|77}}
|stadium = [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]
|location = [[Guwahati]]
|attendance = 879
|referee = Ahmad Ibrahim ([[Jordan Football Association|Jordan]])
|report = http://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-cup/latest/news/matchday-one-group-e-aizawl-fc-1-3-jsw-bengaluru-fc
|result = L
|motm =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id = E1 v E3
|date = {{Start date|2018|4|11|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|18:30|5:30}}
|team1 = Aizawl FC {{flagicon|IND}}
|score = 0–3
|team2 = {{flagicon|BAN}} [[Abahani Limited Dhaka|Dhaka Abahani]]
|goals1 = Hmingthanmawia {{yel|72}}
|goals2 = [[Rubel Miya]] {{goal|2}} [[Ndukaku Alison]] {{goal|17}} [[Seiya Kojima]] {{goal|37}} [[Sunday Chizoba]] {{yel|41}}
|stadium = [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]
|location = [[Guwahati]]
|attendance = 435
|referee = [[Dmitry Mashentsev]] ([[Football Federation of the Kyrgyz Republic|Kyrgyzstan]])
|report = http://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-cup/latest/news/matchday-three-group-e-aizawl-fc-0-3-abahani-limited-dhaka
|result = L
|motm =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id = E3 v E1
|date = {{Start date|2018|4|25|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|18:00|6}}
|team1 = [[Abahani Limited Dhaka|Dhaka Abahani]] {{flagicon|BAN}}
|score = 1–1
|team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} Aizawl FC
|goals1 = Emeka Onuoha {{goal|31|pen.}} [[Waly Faisal]] {{yel|39}} Mohammad Fahad {{yel|85}}
|goals2 = [[Andrei Ionescu]] {{goal|65}} Hmingthanmawia {{yel|85}}
|stadium = [[Bangabandhu National Stadium]]
|location = [[Dhaka]]
|attendance = 800
|referee = [[Baraa Aisha]] ([[Palestinian Football Association|Palestine]])
|report = http://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-cup/latest/news/matchday-four-group-e-abahani-limited-dhaka-1-1-aizawl-fc
|result = D
|motm =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id = E4 v E1
|date = {{Start date|2018|5|2|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|20:00|5:30}}
|team1 = [[Bengaluru FC]] {{flagicon|IND}}
|score = 5–0
|team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} Aizawl FC
|goals1 = [[Sunil Chhetri]] {{goal|16|pen.}} [[Daniel Lucas Segovia]] {{goal|17||62}} [[Udanta Singh]] {{goal|30}} [[Víctor Pérez Alonso]] {{yel|82}} [[Daniel Lalhlimpuia]] {{goal|89}}
|goals2 = C Lalrosanga {{yel|71}}
|stadium = [[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]
|location = [[Bengaluru]]
|attendance = 1,570
|referee = [[Zaid Thamer Mohammed]] ([[Iraq Football Association|Iraq]])
|report = http://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-cup/latest/news/matchday-five-group-e-jsw-bengaluru-fc-5-0-aizawl-fc
|result = L
|motm =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id = E1 v E2
|date = {{Start date|2018|5|16|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|18:45|5:30}}
|team1 = Aizawl FC {{flagicon|IND}}
|score = 2–1
|team2 = {{flagicon|MDV}} [[New Radiant S.C.|New Radiant]]
|goals1 = [[Masih Saighani]] {{yel|26}} [[Alfred Jaryan]] {{yel|36}} [[Léonce Dodoz Zikahi]] {{goal|61|pen.}}{{yel|77}} [[Laldinliana Renthlei]] {{yel|68}} [[Avilash Paul]] {{yel|72}} [[Andrei Ionescu]] {{goal|82}}
|goals2 = [[Hamza Mohamed]] {{yel|14}} [[Ibrahim Atheeg Hassan]] {{goal|85}} [[Rilwan Waheed]] {{yel|90+4}}
|stadium = [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]
|location = [[Guwahati]]
|attendance = 238
|referee = [[Sultan Al-Marzooqi]] ([[United Arab Emirates Football Association|United Arab Emirates]])
|report = http://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-cup/latest/news/matchday-six-group-e-aizawl-fc-1-2-new-radiant-sc
|result = W
|motm =
}}

==Statistics==

===Appearances and goals===
{{Efs start|[[2017–18 Mizoram Premier League|MPL]]|[[2017–18 I-League|I-League]]|[[2018 AFC Champions League|AFC CL]]|[[2018 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]]|[[2018 Indian Super Cup|Super Cup]]}}
|-
! colspan=20 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Goalkeepers
{{Efs player|no=1|name=Lalremruata|pos=GK|nat=IND|2|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=12|name=[[Avilash Paul]]|pos=GK|nat=IND|12|0|17|0|1|0|3|0|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=23|name=[[Arup Debnath]]|pos=GK|nat=IND|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=44|name=Lalawmpuia|pos=GK|nat=IND|3|0|1|0|0|0|3|0|1|0}}
|-
! colspan=20 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Defenders
|-
{{Efs player|no=2|name=Ramdinsanga|pos=DF|nat=IND|1|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=3|name=[[Lalrozama Fanai]]|pos=DF|nat=IND|6|0|3|0|0|0|0+1|0|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=4|name=[[Lalrinzuala Khiangte]]|pos=DF|nat=IND|16|1|3|0|0|0|0|0|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=5|name=[[Masih Saighani]]|pos=DF|nat=AFG|natvar=2013|9|4|14|1|1|0|6|0|2|1}}
{{Efs player|no=16|name=[[Kareem Omolaja]]|pos=DF|nat=NGR|6|1|9|2|0|0|0|0|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=19 |name=Lalchhuanawma Varte|pos=DF|nat=IND|0|0|0+1|0|0|0|3|0|0+1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=25|name=Lalram Hmunmawia|pos=DF|nat=IND|9|0|13+1|0|1|0|5|1|2|0}}
{{Efs player|no=26|name=[[Laldinliana Renthlei]]|pos=DF|nat=IND|0|0|15|0|1|0|6|0|2|0}}
{{Efs player|no=27 |name=Lalhriatrenga|pos=DF|nat=IND|16|1|2|0|0|0|0|0|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=29 |name=C Lalrosanga|pos=DF|nat=IND|0|0|7+1|0|1|0|5|0|2|0}}
{{Efs player|no=30|name=Jonathan Lalhriatkima|pos=DF|nat=IND|1|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=31 |name=Hmingthanmawia|pos=DF|nat=IND|3|1|6+4|0|0|0|5|0|2|0}}
{{Efs player|no=41 |name=[[Lalchhawnkima]]|pos=DF|nat=IND|0|0|4|0|0|0|0|0|2|1}}

|-
! colspan=20 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Midfielders
|-

{{Efs player|no=7 |name=Rochharzela|pos=MF|nat=IND|9|4|0+7|0|0+1|0|0|0|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=8|name=[[H. Lalbiakthanga]]|pos=MF|nat=IND|7|0|1+1|0|0|0|0|0|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=11|name=[[Albert Zohmingmawia]]|pos=MF|nat=IND|8|0|8+2|0|1|0|3|0|0|0}}

{{Efs player|no=17 |name=[[David Lalrinmuana]]|pos=MF|nat=IND|16|5|10+3|1|1|0|1+3|0|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=18 |name=Liandala Fanai|pos=MF|nat=IND|4|0|2+1|0|0|0|0+3|0|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=20|name=[[Alfred Jaryan]] ([[Captain (association football)|captain]])|pos=MF|nat=LBR|7|1|16+1|0|1|0|6|0|2|0}}
{{Efs player|no=21 |name=H. Lalmuankima|pos=MF|nat=IND|11|6|5|0|0|0|0|0|1+1|1}}
{{Efs player|no=22 |name=[[Andrei Ionescu]]|pos=MF|nat=ROM|7|3|15+1|3|1|1|5+1|2|2|3}}
{{Efs player|no=24 |name=[[Lalthathanga Khawlhring]]|pos=MF|nat=IND|12|1|10+6|1|1|0|4+2|0|0+1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=28 |name=[[Shylo Malsawmtluanga]]|pos=MF|nat=IND|6|0|4+3|0|1|0|1|0|0|0}}




|-
! colspan=20 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Forwards
|-
{{Efs player|no=9 |name=[[Lalkhawpuimawia]]|pos=FW|nat=IND|0|0|3+5|3|0+1|0|4+1|0|1+1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=10|name=[[Léonce Dodoz Zikahi]]|pos=FW|nat=NGR|0|0|17+1|4|0|0|6|2|2|1}}
{{Efs player|no=13|name=Jonathan Lalrawngbawla|pos=FW|nat=IND|7|5|0+2|0|0|0|0+4|0|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=14|name=[[Yugo Kobayashi]]|pos=FW|nat=JPN|0|0|9+3|4|0|0|0|0|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=32|name=Lalruatfela Zote|pos=FW|nat=IND|0|0|0+2|0|0|0|0|0|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=49|name=[[William Lalnunfela]]|pos=FW|nat=IND|10|6|4+2|2|0+1|0|0+1|0|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=|name=F.Lalremsanga|pos=FW|nat=IND|2|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0}}


|-
{{Efs end|s=[https://us.soccerway.com/teams/india/aizawl-fc/20937/squad/ soccerway]|date=March 2018}}
Updated: 16 May 2018

===Top scorers===
''The list is sorted by shirt number when total goals are equal.''
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center"
|-
!width=10|{{Abbr| Rnk | Ranking }}
!width=10|{{Abbr| Pos | Position }}
!width=10|{{Abbr| No. | Squad Number }}
!width=200|Player
!width=60|[[2017–18 Mizoram Premier League|MPL]]
!width=60|[[2017–18 I-League|I-League]]
!width=60|[[2018 AFC Champions League|AFC CL]]
!width=60|[[2018 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]]
!width=60|[[2018 Indian Super Cup|Super Cup]]
!width=60|Total
|-
|1
|[[Midfielder|MF]]
|22
|align=left|{{flagicon|ROM}} [[Andrei Ionescu]]
|3||3||1||2||3
|'''12'''
|-
|2
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|49
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[William Lalnunfela]]
|6||2||0||0||0
|'''8'''
|-
|rowspan="2"|3
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|10
|align=left|{{flagicon|NGR}} [[Léonce Dodoz Zikahi]]
|0||4||0||2||1
|rowspan="2"|'''7'''
|-
|[[Midfielder|MF]]
|21
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} H. Lalmuankima
|6||0||0||0||1
|-
|rowspan="2"|4
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|5
|align=left|{{flagicon|AFG|2013}} [[Masih Saighani]]
|4||1||0||0||1
|rowspan="2"|'''6'''
|-
|[[Midfielder|MF]]
|17
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[David Lalrinmuana]]
|5||1||0||0||0
|-
|7
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|13
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} Jonathan Lalrawngbawla
|5||0||0||0||0
|'''5'''
|-
|rowspan="2"|8
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|7
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} Rochharzela
|4||0||0||0||0
|rowspan="2"|'''4'''
|-
|-
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|14
|align=left|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yugo Kobayashi]]
|0||4||0||0||0
|-
|rowspan="2"|10
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|9
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalkhawpuimawia]]
|0||3||0||0||0
|rowspan="2"|'''3'''
|-
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|16
|align=left|{{flagicon|NGR}} [[Kareem Omolaja]]
|1||2||0||0||0
|-
|12
|[[Midfielder|MF]]
|24
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalthathanga Khawlhring]]
|1||1||0||0||0
|'''2'''
|-
|rowspan="6"|13
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|4
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalrinzuala Khiangte]]
|1||0||0||0||0
|rowspan="6"|'''1'''
|-
|[[Midfielder|MF]]
|20
|align=left|{{flagicon|LBR}} [[Alfred Jaryan]]
|1||0||0||0||0
|-
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|25
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} Lalram Hmunmawia
|0||0||0||1||0
|-
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|27
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} Lalhriatrenga
|1||0||0||0||0
|-
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|31
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} Hmingthanmawia
|1||0||0||0||0
|-
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|41
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalchhawnkima]]
|0||0||0||0||1
|-
|#
|colspan="3"|Own Goals
|0||0||0||0||0
|'''0'''
|-
|colspan="4"|'''Total'''
|'''39'''||'''21'''||'''1'''||'''5'''||'''7'''
|'''73'''
|}
{{Fb rs footer|u=16 May 2018|s=[https://us.soccerway.com/teams/india/aizawl-fc/20937/squad/ soccerway]|date=November 2017}}

====Hat-tricks====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center"
|-
! Player !! Against !! Result !! Date !! Competition
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} Rochharzela
|Mizoram Police
|6–1 (H)
|21 September 2017
|align=center|[[2017–18 Mizoram Premier League|Mizoram Premier League]]<ref name=MPLR5 />
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|ROM}} [[Andrei Ionescu]]
|[[Chennaiyin FC]]
|7–5 (N)
|31 March 2018
|align=center|[[2018 Indian Super Cup|Super Cup]]<ref name=supercupRof16>{{cite web|title=AIZAWL FC END CHENNAIYIN FC'S HERO SUPER CUP CAMPAIGN IN A NAIL BITING FINISH|url=https://the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=8871|accessdate=31 March 2018|publisher=the-aiff.com|date=31 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401080120/https://the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=8871|archive-date=1 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

===Clean sheets===
''The list is sorted by shirt number when total clean sheets are equal.''
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center"
|-
!width=10|{{Abbr| Rnk | Ranking}}
!width=10|{{Abbr| No. | Squad Number}}
!width=200|Player
!width=60|[[2017–18 Mizoram Premier League|MPL]]
!width=60|[[2017–18 I-League|I-League]]
!width=60|[[2018 AFC Champions League|AFC CL]]
!width=60|[[2018 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]]
!width=60|[[2018 Indian Super Cup|Super Cup]]
!width=60|Total
|-
|1
|12
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Avilash Paul]]
|2||6||0||0||0||'''8'''
|-
|rowspan="2"|2
|1
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} Lalremruata
|1||0||0||0||0
|rowspan="2"|'''1'''
|-
|44
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} Lalawmpuia
|1||0||0||0||0
|}
{{Fb rs footer|u=16 May 2018|s=[http://www.espnfc.com/club/aizawl-fc/18895/squad ESPN]|date=November 2017}}

===Disciplinary record===
Includes all competitive matches. Players listed below made at least one appearance for Aizawl FC during the season.
{{fb disc header 3 |c1=[[2017–18 I-League|I-League]]|c2=[[2018 AFC Champions League|AFC CL]]|c3=[[2018 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]]|c4=[[2018 Indian Super Cup|Super Cup]]}}
{{fb disc player 3 |n=4 |bg= |pos=DF |nb=IND |p= [[Lalrinzuala Khiangte]] |yc1=3 |syc1=0 |rc1=0 |yc2=0 |syc2=0 |rc2=0 |yc3=0 |syc3=0 |rc3=0 |yc4=0 |syc4=0 |rc4=0 |nt= }}
{{fb disc player 3 |n=5 |bg= |pos=DF |nb=AFG |var=2013 |p= [[Masih Saighani]] |yc1=6 |syc1=0 |rc1=0 |yc2=0 |syc2=0 |rc2=0 |yc3=2 |syc3=0 |rc3=0 |yc4=1 |syc4=0 |rc4=0 |nt= Missed a game, against [[NEROCA F.C.]] (4 yellow cards) (20 January 2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/aizawl-v-neroca/preview/bt40vg4wh9jrt1dt2i8kwrkve|title=I-LEAGUE 2017–18: AIZAWL FC VS NEROCA – TV CHANNEL, STREAM, KICK-OFF TIME & MATCH PREVIEW|date=19 January 2018|accessdate=19 January 2018|work=goal.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119235212/http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/aizawl-v-neroca/preview/bt40vg4wh9jrt1dt2i8kwrkve|archive-date=19 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
{{fb disc player 3 |n=7 |bg= |pos=MF |nb=IND |p= Rochharzela |yc1=1 |syc1=0 |rc1=0 |yc2=0 |syc2=0 |rc2=0 |yc3=0 |syc3=0 |rc3=0 |yc4=0 |syc4=0 |rc4=0 |nt= }}
{{fb disc player 3 |n=9 |bg= |pos=FW |nb=IND |p= [[Lalkhawpuimawia]] |yc1=1 |syc1=0 |rc1=0 |yc2=0 |syc2=0 |rc2=0 |yc3=0 |syc3=0 |rc3=0 |yc4=0 |syc4=0 |rc4=0 |nt= }}
{{fb disc player 3 |n=10 |bg= |pos=FW |nb=NGR |p= [[Léonce Dodoz Zikahi]] |yc1=2 |syc1=0 |rc1=0 |yc2=0 |syc2=0 |rc2=0 |yc3=1 |syc3=0 |rc3=0 |yc4=0 |syc4=0 |rc4=0 |nt= }}
{{fb disc player 3 |n=11 |bg= |pos=MF |nb=IND |p= [[Albert Zohmingmawia]] |yc1=0 |syc1=0 |rc1=0 |yc2=0 |syc2=0 |rc2=0 |yc3=1 |syc3=0 |rc3=0 |yc4=0 |syc4=0 |rc4=0 |nt= }}
{{fb disc player 3 |n=12 |bg= |pos=GK |nb=IND |p= [[Avilash Paul]] |yc1=0 |syc1=0 |rc1=0 |yc2=0 |syc2=0 |rc2=0 |yc3=1 |syc3=0 |rc3=0 |yc4=0 |syc4=0 |rc4=0 |nt= }}
{{fb disc player 3 |n=14 |bg= |pos=FW |nb=JPN |p= [[Yugo Kobayashi]] |yc1=2 |syc1=0 |rc1=0 |yc2=0 |syc2=0 |rc2=0 |yc3=0 |syc3=0 |rc3=0 |yc4=0 |syc4=0 |rc4=0 |nt= }}
{{fb disc player 3 |n=16 |bg= |pos=DF |nb=NGR |p= [[Kareem Omolaja]] |yc1=2 |syc1=0 |rc1=0 |yc2=0 |syc2=0 |rc2=0 |yc3=0 |syc3=0 |rc3=0 |yc4=0 |syc4=0 |rc4=0 |nt= }}
{{fb disc player 3 |n=17 |bg= |pos=FW |nb=IND |p= [[David Lalrinmuana]] |yc1=1 |syc1=0 |rc1=0 |yc2=0 |syc2=0 |rc2=0 |yc3=0 |syc3=0 |rc3=0 |yc4=0 |syc4=0 |rc4=0 |nt= }}
{{fb disc player 3 |n=19 |bg= |pos=DF |nb=IND |p= Lalchhuanawma Varte |yc1=0 |syc1=0 |rc1=0 |yc2=0 |syc2=0 |rc2=0 |yc3=1 |syc3=0 |rc3=0 |yc4=0 |syc4=0 |rc4=0 |nt= }}
{{fb disc player 3 |n=20 |bg= |pos=MF |nb=LBR |p= [[Alfred Jaryan]] |yc1=3 |syc1=0 |rc1=1 |yc2=0 |syc2=0 |rc2=0 |yc3=1 |syc3=0 |rc3=0 |yc4=1 |syc4=0 |rc4=0 |nt= Missed a game, against [[Chennai City F.C.]] (red card) (3 February 2018)}}
{{fb disc player 3 |n=21 |bg= |pos=MF |nb=IND |p= H. Lalmuankima |yc1=2 |syc1=0 |rc1=0 |yc2=0 |syc2=0 |rc2=0 |yc3=0 |syc3=0 |rc3=0 |yc4=0 |syc4=0 |rc4=0 |nt= }}
{{fb disc player 3 |n=22 |bg= |pos=MF |nb=ROM |p= [[Andrei Ionescu]] |yc1=1 |syc1=0 |rc1=0 |yc2=0 |syc2=0 |rc2=0 |yc3=0 |syc3=0 |rc3=0 |yc4=1 |syc4=0 |rc4=0 |nt= }}
{{fb disc player 3 |n=24 |bg= |pos=MF |nb=IND |p= [[Lalthathanga Khawlhring]] |yc1=1 |syc1=0 |rc1=0 |yc2=0 |syc2=0 |rc2=0 |yc3=0 |syc3=0 |rc3=0 |yc4=0 |syc4=0 |rc4=0 |nt= }}
{{fb disc player 3 |n=25 |bg= |pos=DF |nb=IND |p= Lalram Hmunmawia |yc1=1 |syc1=0 |rc1=0 |yc2=0 |syc2=0 |rc2=0 |yc3=1 |syc3=0 |rc3=1 |yc4=0 |syc4=0 |rc4=0 |nt= Missed a game, against [[Bengaluru F.C.]] in [[2018 AFC Cup]] (red card) (5 April 2018)}}
{{fb disc player 3 |n=26 |bg= |pos=DF |nb=IND |p= [[Laldinliana Renthlei]] |yc1=2 |syc1=0 |rc1=0 |yc2=0 |syc2=0 |rc2=0 |yc3=1 |syc3=0 |rc3=0 |yc4=0 |syc4=0 |rc4=0 |nt= }}
{{fb disc player 3 |n=27 |bg= |pos=DF |nb=IND |p= Lalhriatrenga |yc1=1 |syc1=0 |rc1=0 |yc2=0 |syc2=0 |rc2=0 |yc3=0 |syc3=0 |rc3=0 |yc4=0 |syc4=0 |rc4=0 |nt= }}
{{fb disc player 3 |n=29 |bg= |pos=DF |nb=IND |p= C Lalrosanga |yc1=2 |syc1=1 |rc1=1 |yc2=1 |syc2=0 |rc2=0 |yc3=1 |syc3=0 |rc3=0 |yc4=1 |syc4=0 |rc4=0 |nt= Missed a game, against [[NEROCA F.C.]] (red card) (10 February 2018) Missed a game, against [[Shillong Lajong F.C.]] (red card) (19 February 2018)}}
{{fb disc player 3 |n=31 |bg= |pos=DF |nb=IND |p= Hmingthanmawia |yc1=0 |syc1=0 |rc1=0 |yc2=0 |syc2=0 |rc2=0 |yc3=2 |syc3=0 |rc3=0 |yc4=1 |syc4=0 |rc4=0 |nt= }}
{{fb disc player 3 |n=49 |bg= |pos=FW |nb=IND |p= [[William Lalnunfela]] |yc1=1 |syc1=0 |rc1=0 |yc2=0 |syc2=0 |rc2=0 |yc3=0 |syc3=0 |rc3=0 |yc4=0 |syc4=0 |rc4=0 |nt= }}
{{Fb disc footer |u=16 May 2018|s=[https://us.soccerway.com/teams/india/aizawl-fc/20937/squad/ soccerway]|date=November 2017}}

==Awards==

===Player===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left; font-size:95%"
|-
! {{Abbr| No. | Squad Number }}
! Player
! Award
! Tournament
! Source
|-
|align=center|7
|{{flagicon|IND}} Rochharzela
|align=center|Best Young Player of the Tournament
|rowspan=2|{{center|[[2017–18 Mizoram Premier League|Mizoram Premier League]]}}
|rowspan=2|<ref name=MPLawards1 /><ref name=MPLawards2 />
|-
|align=center|21
|{{flagicon|IND}} H. Lalmuankima
|align=center|Best Forward of the Tournament
|}

==See also==
* [[2017–18 I-League]]

==References==
{{reflist|25em}}

{{2017–18 in Indian football}}
{{I-League}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2017-18 Aizawl F.C. season}}
[[Category:2017–18 I-League by team]]
[[Category:Aizawl FC seasons]]

Thesni Khan

2026-04-24T06:28:28Z

DigitalKush: put up a info added tags

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Thesni Khan
| image = Thesni Khan BNC.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_place =
| birth_date =
| alma mater = [[Kalabhavan|Cochin Kalabhavan]]
| parents = {{Plainlist|
* Ali Khan
* Rukhiya
}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|dancer|Television presenter}}
| years_active = 1988–present
}}

'''Thesni Khan''' is an Indian actress who appears in [[Malayalam]] films, television, and stage. She made her acting debut through ''[[Daisy (1988 film)|Daisy]]'' in 1988. She is widely known for the portrayal of character roles.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shotcuts – Malayalam cinema |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/shotcuts-malayalam-cinema/article3898989.ece |work=The Hindu |date=15 September 2012 |access-date=24 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131021/entertainment-mollywood/article/%E2%80%98funny-acts-not-design%E2%80%99 |title=Funny acts not by design |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |access-date=6 June 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131021185410/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131021/entertainment-mollywood/article/%E2%80%98funny-acts-not-design%E2%80%99 |archive-date=21 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2020, she contested in the [[Bigg Boss (Malayalam TV series) season 2|second season]] of Malayalam [[reality TV]] series [[Bigg Boss (Malayalam TV series)|''Bigg Boss'']]. Thesni is currently an active [[celebrity]] [[vlog]]ger in [[YouTube]] channel "'''Thezbeen's'''".

==Personal life==
Her father, Ali Khan, was a magician. In her early days, Thesni used to assist her father during magic shows conducted on various stages.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Jijin |title=അച്ഛന്‍ എന്നും എനിക്ക് മാജിക്‌! |url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=17851935&tabId=3&BV_ID=@@@ |publisher=manoramaonline.come |access-date=31 October 2014}}</ref> She later studied at [[Kalabhavan|Cochin Kalabhavan]].

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
|rowspan="4"| 1988 || ''[[Daisy (1988 film)|Daisy]]'' ||Daisy's classmate ||
|-
|''[[Aparan (film)|Aparan]]''|| Job seeker||
|-
| ''[[Vaishali (film)|Vaishali]]'' || Thozhy ||
|-
| ''[[Moonnam Pakkam]]'' ||Vani ||
|-
|rowspan="1"| 1989 || ''[[Dasharatham]]'' ||Nurse ||
|-
|rowspan="8"| 1990 || ''[[In Harihar Nagar]]'' ||Mahadevan's lover || Cameo
|-
| ''[[Shubhayathra]]'' ||Arundhathi's sister ||
|-
| ''[[Kalikkalam]]'' || Suhra||
|-
| ''[[Gajakesariyogam]]'' ||Karthika's friend ||
|-
| ''[[Sasneham]]'' ||Nurse ||
|-
| ''[[Ee Thanutha Veluppan Kalathu]]'' ||Vasudev's daughter ||
|-
| ''[[Mukham]]'' ||Shop keeper ||
|-
| ''[[Vembanad (film)|Vembanad]]'' ||Elder daughter ||
|-
|rowspan="7"| 1991 || ''[[Godfather (1991 film)|Godfather]]'' || Mercy ||
|-
| ''[[Kilukkampetti]]'' || -||Special Appearance in the Song
|-
| ''[[Njan Gandharvan]]'' || Bhama's friend ||
|-
| ''[[Ennum Nanmakal]]'' ||Saradha ||
|-
| ''[[Kanalkkattu]]'' ||Ruby ||
|-
| ''[[Mimics Parade]]''||Dance teacher||
|-
| ''[[Kakkathollayiram]]'' || Suhara||
|-
|rowspan="8"| 1992 || ''[[Ayalathe Adheham]]'' || Premachandran's neighbor ||
|-
| ''[[Kallan Kappalil Thanne]]'' || Rajani ||
|-
| ''[[Ennodu Ishtam Koodamo]]'' ||Arathy's friend ||
|-
| ''[[My Dear Muthachan]]'' ||Meera's friend ||
|-
| ''[[Neelakurukkan]]'' ||Anitha's friend ||
|-
| ''[[Congratulations Miss Anitha Menon]]'' ||Meera ||
|-
| ''[[Ente Ponnu Thampuran]]''||Seetha ||
|-
| ''[[Thiruthalvaadi]]''||Sudha ||
|-
|rowspan="4"| 1993 || ''[[Uppukandam Brothers]]'' || Chacko's daughter ||
|-
| ''[[Journalist (1993 film)|Journalist]]'' ||Soman's wife ||
|-
| ''[[Aagneyam]]'' ||Krishnadas's wife ||
|-
| ''[[Bhagyavan]]'' ||Thankamani ||
|-
|rowspan="3"|1994 || '' Kadal''||Annamma ||
|-
| ''[[Napoleon (1994 film)|Napoleon]]'' || Laila||
|-
| ''[[Kambolam]]'' || Market vendor||
|-
|rowspan="4"| 1995 || ''[[Kusruthikaatu]]'' ||Riya ||
|-
| ''[[Minnaminuginum Minnukettu]]'' || Nancy ||
|-
| ''[[Karma (1995 film)|Karma]]'' ||Mary ||
|-
| ''[[King Soloman]]'' ||Sainabha||
|-
|1996|| ''Kireedamillatha Rajakkanmar'' || Reksi ||
|-
|1996|| ''[[Ishtamanu Nooru Vattam]]'' || Guest appearance ||
|-
|rowspan ="1" |1997|| ''[[Oru Mutham Manimutham]]'' ||Ammootty ||
|-
|rowspan ="1" |1998|| ''[[Meenathil Thalikettu]]'' || Nancy ||
|-
|rowspan="1"| 1999 || ''[[Veendum Chila Veettukaryangal]]'' ||Leelamma ||
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2000 || ''[[Kochu Kochu Santhoshangal]]'' || Herself ||Cameo
|-
| ''[[Sahayathrikakku Snehapoorvam]]'' || Hostel Warden||
|-
| ''[[Aanamuttathe Aangalamar]]'' || Jayabharathi ||
|-
|rowspan="1"| 2001 || ''[[Sundara Purushan (2001 film)|Sundara Purushan]]'' ||Tuition teacher ||
|-
|rowspan="1"| 2002 || ''Kanneer Pookkal'' ||- ||Telefilm for Kairali
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2004 || ''[[Njan Salperu Ramankutty]]'' || Ramankutty's sister ||
|-
| ''[[Masanagudi Mannadiyar Speaking]]'' || Deepa ||
|-
| ''[[Priyam Priyamkaram]]'' ||Janaki||
|-
|2006|| ''Orikkal Koodi''|| -||Short film
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2008 || ''[[Gopalapuranam]]'' ||Sandra ||
|-
| ''[[Innathe Chintha Vishayam]]'' || Immanuel's wife ||
|-
| ''[[Bullet (2008 film)|Bullet]]'' ||- ||
|-
|rowspan="1"| 2009 || ''[[Kappal Muthalaali]]'' || Cicily||
|-
|rowspan="11"| 2010 || ''[[Pokkiri Raja (2010 film)|Pokkiri Raja]]'' || Manoharan's wife ||
|-
| ''[[Thaskara Lahala]]'' ||PC Jameela ||
|-
| ''[[Chaverpada]]'' ||Cleopatra ||
|-
| ''[[Kaaryasthan]]'' || Devika ||
|-
| ''[[Again Kasargod Khader Bhai]]'' ||Shittymol ||
|-
| ''[[Paappi Appacha]]'' || Shailaja||
|-
| ''[[Tournament (film)|Tournament]]'' ||Daughter in law ||
|-
| ''[[Fiddle (film)|Fiddle]]'' ||Leelamani ||
|-
| ''[[Swantham Bharya Zindabad]] '' ||Ambujam ||
|-
| ''Chatmates'' ||Haseena||Home cinema
|-
| ''Kunjikka Pidicha Pulivalu'' ||Ayisha||Home cinema
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2011 || ''[[Seniors (film)|Seniors]]'' || Call girl with Alaudeen Rauthar ||Extended Cameo
|-
| ''[[Beautiful (2011 film)|Beautiful]]'' || Kanyaka ||
|-
| ''[[Sarkar Colony]]'' || Mariyama David ||
|-
|rowspan="9"| 2012|| ''[[Kunjaliyan]]'' || Prameela, Vishwan's wife ||
|-
| ''[[Diamond Necklace (film)|Diamond Necklace]]'' ||Santhamma||
|-
| ''[[Mr. Marumakan]]'' || Indu ||
|-
| ''[[Bachelor Party (2012 film)|Bachelor Party]]'' || Nurse ||
|-
| ''[[Trivandrum Lodge]]'' || Kanyaka Menon || Pending—SIIMA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role(Nominated)
|-
| ''[[Thappana]]''||Kochappi's wife ||
|-
| ''[[Ardhanaari]]'' || Vinayan's sister ||
|-
| ''[[Da Thadiya]]'' || Rani Thadikaran ||
|-
| ''Theruvunakshathrangal'' || Vilasini||
|-
|rowspan="14"| 2013 || ''[[Kammath & Kammath]]'' || Kammath's servant || <ref>{{cite AV media |date=1 February 2013 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJNGAOk0E2Q |title=Interview: Actress Tesni Khan |publisher=asianetnews |via=[[YouTube]] |access-date=8 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603112316/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJNGAOk0E2Q |archive-date=3 June 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Breaking News Live]]'' ||Suhara ||
|-
| ''[[Radio (2013 film)|Radio]]'' ||Dhamayanthi ||
|-
| ''[[Hotel California (2013 film)|Hotel California]]'' ||Shirly||
|-
| ''[[Tourist Home (film)|Tourist Home]]'' ||Reality show aspirant's mom ||
|-
| ''[[Kadal Kadannoru Mathukkutty]]'' || A woman in Mathukkutty's village ||
|-
| ''[[Pullipulikalum Aattinkuttiyum]]'' ||Jalaja ||
|-
| ''[[Kunjananthante Kada]]'' || Shyamala||
|-
| ''[[Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus]]'' ||Kumbalangi Maria ||
|-
| ''[[Ginger (2013 film)|Ginger]]'' || Sathi||
|-
| ''Bundy Chor'' || -||
|-
|''Kochin Mimi''||Thesni||Short film
|-
| ''For Sale'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Punyalan Agarbattis]]'' ||Gracy ||
|-
|rowspan="9"| 2014 || ''[[Polytechnic (film)|Polytechnic]]'' ||Ponnamma ||
|-
| ''[[Law Point]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[How Old Are You? (film)|How Old Are You]]'' || Rani||
|-
| ''Call me @'' || Mercy||
|-
| ''[[Avatharam (2014 Malayalam film)|Avatharam]]'' ||Priya||
|-
| ''[[Bhaiyya Bhaiyya]]'' ||Vasanthi ||
|-
| ''[[Mathai Kuzhappakkaranalla]]'' ||Omana ||
|-
| ''[[The Dolphins (film)|The Dolphins]]'' ||Mehajubeen ||
|-
|''Venalodungathe'' ||- ||
|-
|rowspan="6"| 2015 || ''Six'' ||Sundari ||
|-
| ''[[Love 24x7]]'' || Wife at cafe||Cameo
|-
|''[[Loham]]'' || Nurse||
|-
| ''Thilothama'' ||Saritha ||
|-
|''[[Amar Akbar Anthony (2015 film)|Amar Akbar Anthony]]'' ||Nurse||
|-
|''[[Urumbukal Urangarilla]]''||Rosely||
|-
|rowspan="7"| 2016||''[[Moonam Naal Njyayarazhcha]]'' || Rosakutty||
|-
| ''[[Darvinte Parinamam]] ''||Parthan's wife ||
|-
| ''[[Happy Wedding (2016 film)|Happy Wedding]]'' ||Bus Conductress ||
|-
| ''Angane Thanne Netave Anchettanam Pinnale''|| Padmajam ||
|-
| ''[[Welcome to Central Jail]]'' || Bhavani||
|-
| ''[[Thoppil Joppan]]'' ||Alice ||
|-
| ''[[Swarna Kaduva]]'' ||N/A ||Lovely's voice (Ineya)
|-
|rowspan="13"|2017||''[[Fukri]]'' || Nabisa ||
|-
| ''[[Achayans]]'' || Valsa||
|-
| ''Ayal Jeevichirippundu'' || Radhika Gopal||
|-
|''Prethamundu Sookshikkuka'' || CPO Doramol ||
|-
|''[[Sunday Holiday]]''||Shilpa||
|-
|''[[Pullikkaran Staraa]]'' || Mridula||
|-
|''[[Lava Kusha (2017 film)|Lava Kusha]] (2017)''|| Saritha||
|-
|''[[Paippin Chuvattile Pranayam]]'' || Philomina||
|-
| ''[[Aana Alaralodalaral]]'' ||Hajara Beevi ||
|-
|''[[Masterpiece (2017 film)|Masterpiece]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Vimaanam]]'' ||Jaya ||
|-
|''Kalyanarathri'' ||Kanakan's wife||Short film
|-
|''Controversy'' ||||Short film
|-
|rowspan="6"|2018||''[[Kayamkulam Kochunni (2018 film)|Kayamkulam Kochunni]]'' ||Aatta ||
|-
| ''[[Oru Kuttanadan Blog]]'' || Panchayat Member||
|-
| ''Kaithola Chathan'' ||Nairachan's wife ||
|-
|''Ner Varennu Mmini Cherinju Ttaa''|| -||
|-
|''Ippozhum Eppozhum Sthuthiyayirikkatte'' || Daisy||
|-
|''Oru Aadhar Love'' || Lover||Album
|-
|rowspan="10"|2019|| ''[[Kodathi Samaksham Balan Vakeel]]'' || Anuradha's stepmother||
|-
|''Ottam''||Rejina ||
|-
|''[[Madhura Raja]]''|| Mrs. Manoharan||
|-
|''[[Subharathri]]''||Sainabha ||
|-
|''[[Fancy Dress (2019 film)|Fancy Dress]]''|| Parvathy||
|-
|''[[Pattabhiraman (film)|Pattabhiraman]]''||Rani ||
|-
|''Makkanna''|| Rukhiya||
|-
|''Thelivu''||Saramma ||
|-
|''[[Aakasha Ganga 2]]''||Sundari ||
|-
|''[[Ulta (2019 film)|Ulta]]''||SI Meenakshi ||
|-
|rowspan="2"|2021|| ''[[Vaanku (film)|Vaanku]]'' || Zulfi||
|-
|''[[Black Coffee (2021 film)|Black Coffee]]''||Tamannaah ||
|-
|rowspan="2"|2022||''Chekkan''|| Asiya||
|-
|''[[Gold (2022 Indian film)|Gold]]''||News Reporter ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-reviews/2022/12/01/gold-movie-review.html|title=പുതുമയില്ലാത്ത ഒരു പൂർണ അൽഫോൻസ് ചിത്രം: റിവ്യൂ Gold|website=Manorama Online}}</ref>
|-
| 2023 || ''Oru Sadhachara Premakatha'' || ||{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}
|-
|2024||''[[Little Hearts (2024 film)|Little Hearts]]''|| ||<ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/inside-little-hearts-actors-shane-nigam-and-mahima-nambiars-birthday-bash/articleshow/106211788.cms</ref>
|-
|2025||''Once Upon A Time There Was A Kallan'' || Daisy||
|-
|2026||''[[Chatha Pacha]]''||Suprajamma||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/chatha-pacha-twitter-review-arjun-ashokan-and-roshan-mathew-shine-netizens-call-it-twice-the-dose-of-this-madness/articleshow/127107865.cms|title='Chatha Pacha' Twitter review: Arjun Ashokan and Roshan Mathew shine; Netizens call it 'Twice the dose of this madness'|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="8"|TBA|| ''Don't Worry Be Happy'' || || Filming
|-
| ''Arabian Safari'' || ||Filming
|--
|''Aanenkilum Allenkilum''|| ||Filming
|-
|''Ashtamudi Couples''|| ||Filming
|-
|''Uppu Puli Karam''|| ||Filming
|-
|''Chocolate Retold''|| ||Filming
|-
|''Makan''|| ||Filming
|-
|}

==Television serials==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year(s)!!Show!!Channel
|-
|1993–2013||''[[Cinemala]]''||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]
|-
|1995||''Pennurimai''||
|-
| rowspan="3" |1996||''Tharavadu''||[[DD Malayalam]]
|-
|''Melappadam''||[[Doordarshan]]
|-
|''Olakkuda''|| rowspan="3" |DD Malayalam
|-
| rowspan="2" |1997||''Alathachakram''
|-
|''Paying Guest''
|-
|1998||''Gokulam''||Asianet
|-
|1999||''Pakida Pakida Pambaram''||DD Malayalam
|-
| rowspan="5" |2000||''Comicola''||Asianet
|-
| ''Jagapoga''||[[Kairali TV]]
|-
|''Snehaseema''||Doordarshan
|-
|''Kudumbarahasyam''||
|-
|''Ambalakkara UP School''||DD Malayalam
|-
|2001||''Swararagam''||Asianet
|-
| rowspan="2" |2004||''Ladies Corner''||
|-
|''Chitta''||[[Surya TV]]
|-
| rowspan="4" |2005||''Ayyadi Maname''||Kairali TV
|-
|''Sindooracheppu''||[[Amrita TV]]
|-
|''Sundari Sundari''||Surya TV
|-
|''Sandhanagopalam''||Asianet
|-
|2006||''Priyam''||Kairali TV

|-
|2007–2008||''8 Sundharikallum Njanum''||Surya TV
|-
|2007||''[[Ente Manasaputhri]]''|| rowspan="3" |Asianet
|-
| rowspan="4" |2009||''Ente Alphonsama''
|-
|''Akkare Ikkare''
|-
|''Velankanni Mathavu''||Surya TV
|-
|''[[Autograph (TV series)|Autograph]]''||Asianet
|-
| rowspan="3" |2011||''Kadamattathachan''|| rowspan="2" |Surya TV
|-
|''Chakyarum Kappyarum Pinne Moyillyarum''
|-
|''Manassariyathe''||Kairali TV
|-
| rowspan="2" |2013||''Abhinethri''||Surya TV
|-
|''Kuttikurumban''|| rowspan="2" |Kairali TV
|-
|2014||''Kusruthikuttan''
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018||''Love Jihad''||
|-
|''Adutha Bellodu Koodi Nadakam Aarambikkam''||[[Zee Keralam]]
|-
|2020||''John Jaffer Janardhanan''||Surya TV
|-
|2024–present||''Super Kanmani''||[[Mazhavil Manorama]]
|}

==Dramas==
* Atham Pathinu Ponnonam

; Other Works
She has judged popular [[reality show]] Comedy Stars on [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]], Five Minutes Fun Star on Kaumudi TV and Jagapoga on Kairali TV..She has attended popular [[talk shows]] such as Nammal Thammil, and Sreekandannair Show. She has acted in some tele-films also. She has participated in popular [[game shows]] such as 1.1.3 on Mazhavil Manorama and Sarigama on Asianet. She has supported [[Beena Antony]] and Manoj Kumar in reality show Sundari Neeyum Sundaran Njaanum on [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]. She has performed in various [[Stage (theatre)|stages]]
as a [[dancer]], comedy artist, supporting artist, etc. She is very knowledgeable about [[Magic (illusion)|magic]]. She has acted in some [[advertisements]] also. She also contested in the reality show [[Bigg Boss (Malayalam TV series) season 2|''Bigg Boss'' (Malayalam season 2)]] on [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]], hosted by actor [[Mohanlal]]. She entered the house on 5 January 2020 on day-1 as one among the 17 housemates and was evicted on day-27.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rdduentertainment.com/bigg-boss-malayalam-2-contestants-list/ |title=Bigg Boss Malayalam 2 Contestants List |date=5 January 2020 |website=RDDU ENTERTAINMENT |language=en |access-date=6 January 2020}}</ref>

== Other shows ==
{{colbegin}}
* 2020: [[Bigg Boss (Malayalam TV series) season 2|''Bigg Boss'' (Malayalam season 2)]]
* Onavillu Bigg Boss Mamangam
* Asianet BB Dhamaka
* Amma Mazhavillu
* Vanitha Magazine
* Ladies Corner
* Star Jam (Kappa TV)
* Ningalkkariyamo?(Surya TV)
* Ruchiyude Onam
* Comedy Time (Surya TV)
* Star Ragging (Kairali TV)
* Thesni Magic Show
* Snehitha Arangu Segment (Amrita TV)
* Valkkanadi (Asianet)
* Shubharahtri (Jeevan TV)
* Art Cafe (Kairali People TV)
* CCL
* I Personally
* Ente Katha
* Gulumal
* Taste Time (Asianet)
* Ividinganannu Bhai (Mazhavil Manorama)
* [[Badai Bungalow]] Asianet)
* Chat Room (Jaihind TV)
* Cinema Chirimaa (Mazhavil Manorama)
* Nammal Thammil (Asianet)
* Kerala Cafe (Kairali TV)
* Cinema Company (Kaumudi TV)
* Students Only (Kairali TV)
* E Buz (Mathrubhumi News)
* Students Only (Kairali TV)
* Don't DO Don't do (Asianet Plus)
* Meet The Editors (Reporter TV)
* Chirikkum Pattanam (Kairali TV)
* Smart Show (Flowers TV)
* Home Minister (Amrita TV)
* Annachi Paattu
* La Jihad
* I Me Myself
* Run Kerala Run
* Spotligt
* Aakruti
*Komady Circus (Mazhavil Manorama)
*Comedy Awards (Flowers TV)
*[[Ningalkkum Aakaam Kodeeshwaran]]
*Anand Film Awards
*Grand Magical Circus
*Day with a star
*Urvashi Theatres
*Adar Onam
*Onnanu Nammal
*De Maveli Kombath
*Nakshathrathilakkam
* Comedy Sthreekal
* JB Junction
* Vanitha
* Indiaglitz
* Start Music Aaradhyam Padum
* Start Music Season 3
* Comedy Utsavam
* Meet My Guest
* Panajri Pradhaman
* Make Over
* Icebreak with Veena
* Kalabhavan Ormakalum Pinne Njangalum
* Kutty Chef
* Valentines Corner
* Let's Rock N Roll
* Parayam Nedam
* Red Carpet
* Funs Upon A Time
* Comedy Masters
* Flowers Oru Kodi
* Panam Tharum Padam
{{colend}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|1722996}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Thesni}}
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian stage actresses]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kochi]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam theatre]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam television]]
[[Category:Indian voice actresses]]
[[Category:Bigg Boss (Malayalam TV series) contestants]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Valangiman Assembly constituency

2026-04-21T10:28:20Z

DigitalKush:

{{short description|Legislative assembly constituency}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
'''Valangaiman''' was a [[Legislature of Tamil Nadu|state assembly]] [[constituency]] in [[Thiruvarur district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm |title= Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Constituency Map |website= Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly |access-date= 22 January 2017}}</ref> It was a Scheduled Caste reserved constituency. It was one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India. Elections and winners in the constituency are listed below.


{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Valangiman
| type = SLA
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Thanjavur District|Thanjavur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Thanjavur Lok Sabha constituency|Thanjavur]]
| established = 1967
| abolished = 2008
| electors = 139,552
}}

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name
!colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
| N. Somasundaram
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| A. Chellappa
|-
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|rowspan=2| [[Gomathi Srinivasan]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| Yasodha Chellappa
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| K. Panchavarnam
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| Gomathi Srinivasan
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| Boopathi Mariappan
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| [[Ilamathi Subramanian]]
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#2006|2006]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|47.23}}
{{bar percent|[[#2001|2001]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|57.93}}
{{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|50.78}}
{{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|64.59}}
{{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|40.98}}
{{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|55.78}}
{{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|56.11}}
{{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|36.01}}
{{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|58.11}}
{{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|53.10}}
}}

===2006===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Valangiman<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 2006 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | access-date = 12 May 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Ilamathi Subramanian]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=51,939 |percentage=47.23% |change=-10.70% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Senthamil Chelvan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=50,306 |percentage=45.75% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Sooriyamurthi |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=4,554 |percentage=4.14% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Anbalagan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,265 |percentage=1.15% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Senthilkumar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=665 |percentage=0.60% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Palaniappan @ Puratchikavidhasan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=658 |percentage=0.60% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Arjunan Malai |party=Independent politician |votes=573 |percentage=0.52% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,633 |percentage=1.49% |change=-23.39% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=109,960 |percentage=78.80% |change= 12.39% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 139,552 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -10.70% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2001===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Valangiman<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India |title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001 |url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Boopathi Mariappan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=54,677 |percentage=57.93% |change=28.84% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Nadaiyazhagan |party=Puthiya Tamilagam |votes=31,200 |percentage=33.06% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Thiagarajan |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=3,298 |percentage=3.49% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Gomathi Srinivasan]] |party=Independent politician |votes=1,813 |percentage=1.92% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Marimuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=1,412 |percentage=1.50% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Prabakaran |party=Independent politician |votes=1,060 |percentage=1.12% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Kasthuri |party=Independent politician |votes=925 |percentage=0.98% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=23,477 |percentage=24.87% |change=3.18% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=94,385 |percentage=66.40% |change= -7.47% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 142,156 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 7.15% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1996===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Valangiman<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1996 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Gomathi Srinivasan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=48,019 |percentage=50.78% |change=16.76% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Vivekanandan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=27,508 |percentage=29.09% |change=-35.50% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[B. John Pandian]] |party=Independent politician |votes=11,984 |percentage=12.67% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Malathi |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=4,567 |percentage=4.83% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Vasu |party=Independent politician |votes=950 |percentage=1.00% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Pandiyan |party=Independent politician |votes=473 |percentage=0.50% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Boobalasubramanian |party=Janata Party |votes=433 |percentage=0.46% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Kaliyamurthy |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=337 |percentage=0.36% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Gowthaman |party=Independent politician |votes=195 |percentage=0.21% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=O. Mahalingam |party=Independent politician |votes=89 |percentage=0.09% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=20,511 |percentage=21.69% |change=-8.88% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=94,555 |percentage=73.87% |change= 1.70% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 137,058 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -13.80% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1991===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Valangiman<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=K. Panchavarnam |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=58,504 |percentage=64.59% |change=34.14% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Senthamil Chelvan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=30,816 |percentage=34.02% |change=-6.96% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Kaliamoorthy |party=Ambedkar Makkal Iyakkam |votes=646 |percentage=0.71% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Kalimurthy |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=613 |percentage=0.68% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=27,688 |percentage=30.57% |change=20.04% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=90,579 |percentage=72.17% |change= -27.83% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 129,813 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 23.61% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1989===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Valangiman<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Yasotha Chellappa |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=38,522 |percentage=40.98% |change=-0.12% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Vivekananda |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=28,624 |percentage=30.45% |change=-25.33% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. R. Gopal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,731 |percentage=18.86% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=E. Thilagavathi |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=6,381 |percentage=6.79% |change=-48.99% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Mahalingam |party=Independent politician |votes=1,710 |percentage=1.82% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Thirumavalavan |party=Independent politician |votes=530 |percentage=0.56% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Malarkodi Gunasekaran |party=Lokdal |votes=257 |percentage=0.27% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Mahalingam |party=Independent politician |votes=253 |percentage=0.27% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,898 |percentage=10.53% |change=-4.15% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=94,008 |percentage=100.00% |change= 18.82% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 96,050 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -14.80% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1984===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Valangiman<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | archive-date = 17 January 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Gomathi Srinivasan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=46,618 |percentage=55.78% |change=-0.33% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Somasundaram Sithmalli |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=34,347 |percentage=41.10% |change=0.39% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Nageswari |party=Indian National Congress (Jagjivan) |votes=1,751 |percentage=2.10% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. K. Swaminathan |party=Independent politician |votes=861 |percentage=1.03% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,271 |percentage=14.68% |change=-0.72% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=83,577 |percentage=81.18% |change= 8.39% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 107,560 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -0.33% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Valangiman<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Gomathi Srinivasan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=40,667 |percentage=56.11% |change=25.11% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Chellappa |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=29,502 |percentage=40.70% |change=4.70% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Srinivasan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,967 |percentage=2.71% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. K. Kannusamy |party=Janata Party |votes=343 |percentage=0.47% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,165 |percentage=15.40% |change=10.40% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=72,479 |percentage=72.78% |change= 2.03% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 100,415 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 20.10% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1977===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Valangiman<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=A. Chellappa |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=24,270 |percentage=36.01% |change=-22.10% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Srinivasan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=20,897 |percentage=31.00% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Srinivasan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,172 |percentage=28.44% |change=-8.29% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Pichaiyan |party=Janata Party |votes=3,065 |percentage=4.55% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,373 |percentage=5.00% |change=-16.37% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=67,404 |percentage=70.76% |change= -8.12% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 96,692 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -22.10% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1971===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Valangiman<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=N. Somasundaram |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=38,519 |percentage=58.11% |change=5.01% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Thangavelu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,351 |percentage=36.73% |change=-10.17% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Nedunchezian |party=Independent politician |votes=2,683 |percentage=4.05% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Pichaiyan |party=Independent politician |votes=525 |percentage=0.79% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Palanisamy |party=Independent politician |votes=213 |percentage=0.32% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=14,168 |percentage=21.37% |change=15.18% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=66,291 |percentage=78.87% |change= -2.24% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 87,481 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 5.01% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1967===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Valangiman<ref>{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2012 |access-date= 19 April 2009}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=N. Somasundaram |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=34,436 |percentage=53.10% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Subramaniam |party=Indian National Congress |votes=30,418 |percentage=46.90% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,018 |percentage=6.20% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=64,854 |percentage=81.12% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 82,620 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of assembly elections |access-date=8 July 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=5 October 2010 }}

{{Defunct assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}
{{coord|10.89|79.39|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Thanjavur district]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Madras State]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]

Nilamadhab Hikaka

2026-04-20T06:14:29Z

DigitalKush: adding the data from scratch - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Nilamadhab Hikaka
| birth_name =
| caption =
| image =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = Member of the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Bissam Cuttack Assembly constituency|Bissam Cuttack]]
| term_start = 4 June 2024
| predecessor = [[Jagannath Saraka]]
| constituency1 =
| term1 =
| term_end1 =
| successor1 =
| office2 =
| constituency2 =
| term_start2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| other_party =
| website =
| alma_mater =
| profession = Politician
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}

'''Nilamadhab Hikaka''' is an Indian politician who was elected to the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]], representing [[Bissam Cuttack Assembly constituency|Bissam Cuttack]] as a member of the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Nilamadhab Hikaka Election Affidavit |url=https://www.myneta.info/Odisha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=44 |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bissam Cuttack Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Nilamadhab Hikaka of INC Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/bissam-cuttack-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8917290.html |website=News18 |publisher=Election Results Hub |access-date=2 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Odisha: Congress mission 'nine to 90' fails but party saves face |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2024/Jun/05/odisha-congress-mission-nine-to-90-fails-but-party-saves-face |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=2 October 2024}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hikaka, Nilamadhab}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Odisha-INC-politician-stub}}

Abul Hasan Quraishi

2026-04-17T20:11:18Z

DigitalKush:

{{Short description|Indian civil servant}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Abul Hasan Quraishi
| honorific_suffix = [[Civil Service]] Government of India, Government of Pakistan
| office =
| term_start =
| term_end =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1908|07|01}}
| birth_place = [[Ballia, Uttar Pradesh]], [[British India]]
| death_date = unknown (after 14 August 1947)
| death_place = [[Karachi]], Pakistan
| profession = civil servant
| party =
| alma_mater =
| spouse =
| children =
}}

'''Abul Hasan Quraishi''' (born 1 July 1908, date of death unknown) was a member of the [[Indian Civil Service|ICS]] (Bengal cadre). He had a long and distinct career in the [[Civil Service]] by serving the governments in [[India]] and the newly born [[Pakistan]] government after the partition of India.

==Early life==
Abul Hasan Quraishi was born on 1 July 1908 at Rasra [[Ballia district|Ballia]].<ref name="our publication1">Abul Hasan Quraishi, B.A.{{cite book|title=India Office List for 1935|publisher= Harrison|access-date= 2015-10-04|page=818|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.533074/page/n855/mode/2up}}</ref> He was born to parents ( father Abdul Hameed Rasra, [[Ballia]] Uttar Pradesh India ) who belonged to the historic local Muslim community [[Iraqi Biradari]].<ref>{{cite book| last=Alhaj|first=Mohammad Hanif|title=Mardam Shumari.pdf|url=https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1Dl5q9nluGUWuc8BVjZY1BvljlYN2j2lZ|access-date=3 July 2022|page=42}}</ref>
He received early education at Government High School Ballia, Queen's Intermediate College, Benaras, and completed B.A. degree from [[Allahabad University]] (1927). Early in 1933, he went to [[London]] to research administrative skills at the [[School of Oriental Studies]] (now the [[School of Oriental and African Studies]]).<ref name="our publication1"/>

==Career==
In January 1933 Quraishi passed the [[Indian Civil Service|ICS]] examination. After a probation period in [[London]], as mentioned above, he joined the Indian civil service on 5th Oct 1933 and arrived in India on Nov. 1933. He was appointed at [[Murshidabad]] in [[Bengal]], [[India]] as Assistant Magistrate and Collector.<ref name="our publication1"/><ref>{{cite web|title=History of Services of Gazetted and Other Officers| date=26 December 2023 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LGsAAAAMAAJ&dq=indian+civil+service+1933+and+abul+hasan+quraishi&pg=PA115|page=115|access-date=20 Dec 2023}}</ref>
He was promoted as joint magistrate and sub-divisional officer, in July 1935. He became a special officer, in the finance department in Nov 1937. In Jan 1942 he became district magistrate and collector, Jan. 1942. Afterward, in Oct 1944, he was sent to the [[Government of India]] with a secretary position under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry/ or department under the aforementioned ministry, holding the office until 1946.<ref>Abul Quraishi ICS, chapter-record of Services {{cite book|title=The India Office And Burma Office List 1945|publisher=London His Majesty’s Stationery Office|access-date=2015-08-04|page=306|url=https://www.archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282202/page/n313/mode/2up}}</ref>{{rp|306}} By the end of 1946, 90-odd [[Indian Civil Service|ICS]] officers from the Muslim community inclined to have gone on to serve independent Pakistan except for a few with their names as reported.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Indian Muslim Society and Economy|author=OMAR KHALIDI|pages=177–202|journal=Oriente Moderno |date=26 January 2024 |volume=23 (84) |issue=1 |publisher= Istituto per l'Oriente C. A. Nallino|jstor=25817924 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25817924}}</ref>
Many of them were from northern India or the Bengal cadre of the ICS (including the aforementioned Quraishi) and formed the core of a new central service called the [[Pakistan Administrative Service]] (PAS).<ref>{{cite news |title=Hall of fame: The ICS served Pakistan well |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/656476/hall-of-fame-the-ics-served-pakistan-well
|access-date= 4 September 2011}} retrieved 20 Dec 2023</ref>

==Death==
Quraishi died in [[Karachi]], Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web|title=iraqibiradripakistan|url=http://iraqibiradripakistan.info/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110102329/http://iraqibiradripakistan.info/ |archive-date=10 November 2018 }} Directory, Federal Area, retrieved 20 Oct 2023</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Quraishi, Abul Hasan}}
[[Category:1908 births]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]
[[Category:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers]]
[[Category:Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:Muhajir people]]
[[Category:20th-century Pakistani civil servants]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Pakistan]]

Village Reconstruction Organization

2026-04-17T04:50:56Z

DigitalKush: put up some place w/ infobox

{{multiple issues|{{third-party|date=March 2018}}
{{tone|date=March 2018}}
{{notability|date=June 2025}}
{{unfocused|date=March 2018}}}}
{{Infobox organization
| logo = VROIndia.png
| formation = 
| extinction = 
| type =
| purpose =
| headquarters = Pass Road, [[Pedakakani]] [[Guntur]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| coordinates = {{Coord|16|19|49.02|N|80|29|11.28|E|display=inline,title}}
| services =
| language =
| leader_title = President
| leader_name = Cletus Daisy
| leader_title2 = Director
| leader_name2 = Peter Daniel
| leader_name3 =
| leader_title3 =
| board_of_directors =
| key_people =
| main_organ =
| parent_organization =
| subsidiaries =
| affiliations =
| budget =
| remarks =
| name = Village Reconstruction Organization
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| abbreviation = VRO
| founder = Michael Windey
| founding_location =
| location =
| region_served =
| established = {{Start date and age|1969}}
| website = {{URL|vroindia.org}}
}}
'''Village Reconstruction Organization''' is a [[non-governmental organization]] in [[Guntur]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India. The organization was founded by [[Belgium|Belgian]] [[Jesuit]] Michael A. Windey and is supported largely by [[Europe]]an organizations and donor cities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vroindia.org/|title=VRO – Village Reconstruction Organisation – India|website=vroindia.org|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-02-24}}</ref>

VRO primarily supports impoverished, structurally weak, and unregistered villages in the coastal regions of Southeast [[India]]. Since 1969, it has helped rebuild 505 of these villages,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vro-dorfbau.de/anlagen/VRO_dorfliste2.pdf|title=Built VRO villages since 1969 in Orissa, Andhra N+S, Wardha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu N+S|access-date=23 February 2016}}</ref> many of which have been destroyed by natural catastrophes. The organization assists with the construction of villages, and facilities within the villages: homes, schools, childcare and community centres, especially among the [[dalits]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zum-tod-lachen.at/index.php/das-projekt|title=Das Projekt|website=www.zum-tod-lachen.at|language=de-de|access-date=2017-02-24}}</ref>

As well as providing villagers with advice, VRO supplies funding towards the creation of training and health centers, along with programs for the support of women.

[[File:Pater Michael Windey SJ, Gründer der VRO.jpg|thumb|Michael A. Windey]]
== Bibliography ==
* Josef Hainz. (Hrsg.): ''Feuer muß brennen. Dörfer für Indien.''. For Michael A. Windey, SJ, on the occasion of his 75th birthday on 28 April 1996, by his friends in Europe. Hardcover, Kelkheim-Eppenhain, self publisher, 2nd ed. (1996).
* ''Sustainable Development. Theoretische Konzeption und Fallbeispiel.''. Seminar work by Tobias Schmitt, University of Tübingen, geographical institute (SS 1997), available via VRO Deutschland eV.
* Felix Duffner: ''Nutzung der Wasserkraft durch Wasserräder.'' Institute for Fluid Dynamics and Flow Machines at the University of Fridericana, Karlsruhe (TH), August 1993, available through VRO Deutschland eV.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://vroindia.org/}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Development charities based in India]]
[[Category:Community-building organizations]]
[[Category:Homelessness charities]]
[[Category:Jesuit development centres]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1971]]
[[Category:1971 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]

Missing Link Trust

2026-04-16T04:43:22Z

DigitalKush: adding initial post basic info

{{Short description|Indian public awareness campaign}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox organization
| logo = Missinggirlslogo.jpg
| type = 12A, 80G
| name = Missing Link Trust
| founded = 2014
| founder = Leena Kejriwal
| location = 73 Bentinck Street, [[Kolkata]]-700001, India
| region_served = India
| focus = Raising awareness on sex trafficking
| website = [https://www.savemissinggirls.com/ Official website]
}}

'''Missing Link Trust''' is a nonprofit organization that uses art and educational campaigns to raise awareness and prevent child [[sex trafficking]]. Their work includes public sculpture installations, stencil campaigns, the interactive video game ''Missing: Game for a Cause'', and the interactive online comic ''Web of Deceit - A missing and trafficking casefile''. The organization was awarded the 2021 Stop Slavery Campaigns Award from the [[Thomson Reuters Foundation]].

==Objective==
[[File:Missing girl stencil and rural awareness.jpg|thumb|NGO's collaborating with MISSING for the stencil project]]
The mission of the organization is "to combine art and technology in creating mass awareness amongst the public,
through innovative ways, leading to prevention of sex trafficking."<ref name="Official website">{{cite web |title=MISSING |url=https://www.savemissinggirls.com/ |website=Missing Link Trust |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref>

Missing is a four-part public awareness campaign. It tackles the first P of the [[United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking]] four P strategy on anti-trafficking, prevention through advocacy and awareness.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.w4.org/en/wowwire/missing-indian-girls-lost-to-prostitution/|title=Missing: The Shadows of India's Girls & Women Lost to Prostitution|date=11 January 2016|website=W4.org|accessdate=13 March 2019}}</ref>

==Operations==

Missing has operations in 6 countries Including India, United States, UK, Germany, Sudan, Tanzania. Missing has worked with [[NGOs]] and organizations including the Rotary Teach Programme, Yes Foundation, Rotaractors, iPartner India, Women and [[Child Development]] Ministry, iVolunteer, Association for the Promotion of Social Change (APSA), Jamghat, Nedan Foundation, Paint Our World, Pardada Pardadi Educational Society (PPES), Prerana, RAHAT, STOP, Udayan Care, and Vatsalya.

==History==
As a photographer, Leena Kejriwal became motivated to raise awareness about the prevalence of [[sex trafficking]] in India.<ref name="Ramani 2018" /> When she first started working with [[NGOs]] like Hamari Muskan and New Light as an artist, she created complicated [[installation art|installations]] within [[Art museum|gallery]] spaces on the subject. Kejriwal began working in [[Kalighat]] with [[Rotary International]] as a volunteer in 2007 and wrote the book ''Kolkata Repossessing the City'', which later developed into art exhibitions.<ref name="Maddox 2015">{{cite news |last1=Maddox |first1=Georgina |title=Girl, cut out |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/watch/girl-cut-out/article7460275.ece |access-date=8 March 2022 |work=[[Business Line|The Hindu Business Line]] |date=24 July 2015}}</ref> After gallery exhibitions did not reach a wide audience, Kejriwal decided to develop public art installations to raise awareness.<ref name="Salian 2015">{{cite news |last1=Salian |first1=Priti |title=India's 'dark holes' where millions of girls disappear |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2015/12/17/indias-dark-holes-where-millions-of-girls-disappear/ |access-date=8 March 2022 |work=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |date=17 December 2015}}</ref><ref name="Ramani 2018" /> Kejriwal founded the Missing Link organization in 2014.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hewlett Packard Enterprise takes top prize at Stop Slavery Award |url=https://news.trust.org/item/20210225135819-yt4qr |access-date=14 March 2022 |work=[[Thomson Reuters Foundation]] |date=February 25, 2021}}</ref>

==Public art installations==
[[File:Missing Silhouettes on the urban skyline- june 2017.jpg|thumb|left|Black silhouettes of young girls placed against the urban skyline]]
In January 2014, the installation M.I.S.S.I.N.G. was shown outdoors at the [[India Art Fair]], consisting of three female figures cut from steel and painted black to reflect the [[Gender inequality in India|gender gap in India]], described by Kejriwal as "like sharp, black holes cut out of the sky. Holes into which millions of girls disappear from the face of this earth."<ref name="AFP 01-31-2014">{{cite news |title=India's 'missing' women cast shadow over national art fair |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/feb/01/india-art-fair-2014-missing-women |access-date=8 March 2022 |work=[[The Guardian]] |agency=[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]] |date=31 January 2014}}</ref>
[[File:Stencil project by Missing girls -2017.jpg|thumb|right|The Missing Stencil]]
In 2015, the M.I.S.S.I.N.G. project expanded into a nationwide public art installation, with stencils used to spraypaint black silhouettes of girls in cities including [[Bangalore]], [[Delhi]] and [[Chennai]] to raise awareness about the estimated tens of thousands of girls that disappear each year and over a million children working in the sex industry in India.<ref name="Bachman 2015">{{cite news |last1=Bachman |first1=Jessica |title=India's Missing art project offers stark reminder of girls taken into sexual slavery – in pictures |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/gallery/2015/aug/01/missing-india-art-project-girls-disappearing-sexual-slavery-prostitution-in-pictures |access-date=8 March 2022 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=1 August 2015}}</ref> Kejriwal used [[crowdfunding]] to help raise money to expand the project.<ref name="Salian 2015" /><ref name="Langa 2017">{{cite news |last1=Langa |first1=Prerana |title=Approaches for NGO Funding |url=https://thecsrjournal.in/approaches-for-ngo-funding/ |access-date=8 March 2022 |work=The CSR Journal |date=21 January 2017}}</ref> The NGOs Apne Aap and Hamari Muskan collaborated in the stencil campaign in [[West Bengal]].<ref name="Ghose 2015">{{cite news |last1=Ghose |first1=Chandreyee |title=Girls paint town black with a cause |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/girls-paint-town-black-with-a-cause/cid/1491250 |access-date=8 March 2022 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |date=10 May 2015}}</ref>

The organization launched a website, Savemissinggirls.com, with downloadable stencil kits featuring silhouettes of girls and an emergency government helpline number (1098) for children.<ref name="Ramani 2018">{{cite news |last1=Ramani |first1=Priya |title=The row, row, row theory of life |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/iVQwtSHpGWulZLQdfz2MMM/The-row-row-row-theory-of-life.html |access-date=8 March 2022 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |date=22 June 2018}}</ref>

The sculpture project expanded with support from [[Sangita Jindal]] and the JSW Foundation, and a smartphone app was created to provide viewers with more information and links to NGOs working to prevent child trafficking.<ref name="Ghosh">{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Durba |title=Girls without a face |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/girls-without-a-face/articleshow/50673693.cms |access-date=8 March 2022 |work=[[Bangalore Mirror]] |date=22 January 2016}}</ref> In 2018, the project included sculptures throughout [[Kolkata]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcthree/clip/35585e3b-8985-4aa1-bf6d-beff20d53d98|title=#ThoseMissingGirls|date=23 January 2018|website=BBC Three|accessdate=13 March 2019}}</ref>

There are more than 5000 project stencils across villages and cities in India.<ref name="Purchese 2022" /> Missing's stencil projects are in 17 cities, including [[Anupshahr]], [[Bengaluru]], Berlin, [[Chennai]], [[Delhi]], [[Dodoma]], Goa, [[Jaipur]], [[Kishanganj]], [[Khartoum]], Kokrajjar, [[Kolkata]], Los Angeles, London, [[Mumbai]], [[Pune]] and [[Salt Lake City]].

In 2021, filmmaker [[Miriam Chandy Menacherry]] released a documentary titled ''From the Shadows'' that features survivors of child trafficking.<ref name="Shyam 2021">{{cite news |last1=Shyam |first1=Radhika D |title=Scream from the shadows |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sunday-herald/sh-top-stories/scream-from-the-shadows-1003631.html |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=July 4, 2021}}</ref> Menacherry began work on the film five years prior, after seeing the #missing stencil art and finding Kejriwal.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Edex Live |title=From the Shadows: Miriam Chandy's docu on trafficking victims and their pursuit for justice is compelling |url=https://www.edexlive.com/news/2021/may/26/from-the-shadows-miriam-chandys-docu-on-trafficking-victims-and-their-pursuit-for-justice-is-compe-21106.html |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=May 26, 2021}}</ref>

==''Missing: Game for a Cause''==
[[File:Missing game for a cause screenshot - June 2017.png|thumb|left|A screenshot of the Missing Game]]
In 2016, ''Missing: Game for a Cause'' was distributed as a free [[interactive game]] for mobile and PC to raise awareness about the experiences of child victims of sex trafficking.<ref name="Ramani 2018" /><ref name="Takahashi 2017">{{cite news |last1=Takahashi |first1=Dean |title=Missing: The Complete Saga puts spotlight on child sex trafficking |url=https://venturebeat.com/2017/08/25/missing-the-complete-saga-puts-spotlight-on-child-sex-trafficking/ |access-date=8 March 2022 |work=[[VentureBeat]] |date=25 August 2017}}</ref> Kejriwal developed the game with Flying Robot Studios in [[Kolkata]], India.<ref name="Takahashi 2017"/> By 2017, the team was developing a [[role-playing game]] version, ''Missing: The Complete Saga'', and raising money on [[Kickstarter]] to expand the development team.<ref name="Takahashi 2017"/> The team raised $50,795 on Kickstarter to develop the game.<ref name="Ramani 2018" />

The game is intended for a mature audience, and aims to expose the player to the dark world of human trafficking and raise awareness about it. The [[Video game developer|game developer]] Satyajit Chakraborty travelled with Kejriwal to different [[red light districts]] in [[Kolkata]] and to rural Bengal to better understand the issue.<ref name="Purchese 2022" />

By 2021, ''MISSING: Game for a Cause'' had over a million downloads between 70 countries.<ref name="TRF 2021" />

==''Web of Deceit - A missing and trafficking casefile''==
Missing Link Trust worked jointly with [[International Justice Mission]] to develop a [[mobile app]] for [[Android (operating system)|Android]] devices titled "Web of Deceit - A missing and trafficking casefile" that was released in 2021.<ref name="Ghosh 01-30-2021">{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Dwaipayan |title=Now, superhero comics inspire people to fight human trafficking |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/now-superhero-comics-inspire-people-to-fight-human-trafficking/articleshow/80591589.cms |access-date=14 March 2022 |work=[[Times of India]] |date=January 30, 2021}}</ref> The app is an interactive comic designed to educate people about human trafficking and resources to get help.<ref name="Ghosh 01-30-2021"/> The comic features a young woman as the main character and includes information about legal rights.<ref name="Chaudhuri 01-22-2021">{{cite news |last1=Chaudhuri |first1=Monalisa |title=Trafficking story in comic strip to spread awareness |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/calcutta/trafficking-story-in-comic-strip-to-spread-awareness/cid/1804457 |access-date=14 March 2022 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |date=January 22, 2021}}</ref>

==Educational campaigns==
[[File:Rural awaraness campaign organized by missing - June 2018.jpg|thumb|left| Educating the students about Human trafficking]]
[[File:Leena kejriwal with the students at Kutoli.jpg|thumb|right|Leena Kejriwal with the students at a school during the rural awareness campaign]]
The organization also conducts educational campaigns across India that include programs for schools.<ref name="Kirpal 2020">{{cite news |last1=Kirpal |first1=Neha |title=She's Out to Save India's Missing Girls Using Art and a Digital Game |url=https://eshe.in/2020/03/17/leena-kejriwal/ |access-date=8 March 2022 |work=eShe |date=17 March 2020}}</ref> In 2017, the organization conducted the "MISSING on a Journey" campaign, which included presentations at schools, street theatre, and public stencils in Ranchi, Lucknow, Agra, Jaipur, and New Delhi.<ref name="Khandelwal 2017">{{cite news |last1=Khandelwal |first1=Tara |title=Artist Leena Kejriwal On 'Missing': Video Game For A Cause |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/news/artist-leena-kejriwal-video-game-missing-game-cause/ |access-date=8 March 2022 |work=[[SheThePeople]] |date=14 November 2017}}</ref>

The organization has also worked with experts to develop the Missing Awareness and Safety School program (MASSp), for children ages 13 to 17.<ref>{{cite web |title=Missing Awareness and Safety School program (MASSp) |date=4 November 2019 |url=https://www.savemissinggirls.com/educate/#missing-awareness-and-safety-school-program |publisher=Missing Link Trust |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref>

==Livelihood Project==
[[File:Nayantara a survivor on whom part of the missing story is based.jpg|thumb|right|A survivor working with MISSING on the livelihood project]]
By 2018, the work of the organization expanded to include mentoring of young girls in [[West Bengal]],<ref name="Ramani 2018" /> as well as financial support for the development of new skills.<ref name="Ghosh"/> The organization began a livelihood programme in rural Bengal for survivors of trafficking and vulnerable girls in high-trafficking areas, with mentoring for [[tailoring]], [[computer programming]], [[videography]] and in poultry farming.

==Awards==
*''Missing: Game for a Cause'' won the [[NASSCOM]] Indie Game of the Year award in 2016<ref name="Purchese 2022">{{cite news |last1=Purchese |first1=Robert |title=Missing: The story behind the Indian game tackling sex trafficking |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2022-01-21-missing-the-story-behind-the-indian-game-tackling-sex-trafficking |access-date=8 March 2022 |work=[[Eurogamer]] |date=24 January 2022}}</ref>
* 2018 Digital Empowerment Foundation social entrepreneurship for change award for the #Missing stencil project<ref name="Ramani 2018" />
* 2021 Stop Slavery Campaigns Award from the [[Thomson Reuters Foundation]]<ref name="TRF 2021">{{cite news |title=Hewlett Packard Enterprise, ARMEDANGELS and Missing Link Trust amongst winners of the Stop Slavery Award |url=https://www.trust.org/i/?id=6032654d-b1ee-42a5-a063-b3cc737281b6 |access-date=8 March 2022 |work=[[Thomson Reuters Foundation]] |date=25 February 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Organisations based in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Non-profit organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 2014]]
[[Category:Human trafficking in India]]
[[Category:2014 establishments in West Bengal]]

Dumraon Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:21:53Z

DigitalKush: put up first bio added tags

{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Dumraon Assembly constituency
| type = SLA
| map_image = 201-Dumraon constituency.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Rahul Kumar Singh]]
| party = {{party index link|Janata Dal (United)}}
| alliance = {{party index link|National Democratic Alliance|NDA}} 
| latest_election_year = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]] 
| preceded_by =
| region =
| state = [[Bihar]]
| district = [[Buxar district|Buxar]]
| division =
| loksabha_cons = [[Buxar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Buxar]]
| constituency_no = [[List of constituencies of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|201]]
| established = 1951
| electors = 324,739
| incumbent_image =
| abolished = 
}}
{{Short description|Constituency of the Bihar legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}

'''Dumraon Assembly constituency''' is one of 243 constituencies of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|legislative assembly of Bihar]]. It comes under [[Buxar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Buxar]] Lok Sabha constituency.<ref name="election2017">{{cite web | url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/parliamentary-constituencies/buxar.html | title=Buxar Parliamentary Constituencies | publisher=elections.in | access-date=30 December 2017}}</ref>

==Overview==
Dumraon comprises [[Community development block in India|Community Blocks]] of Chaugain, Kesath & Nawanagar; [[Gram Panchayat]]s of Chilhari, Kushalpur, Bhojpur Kadim, Bhojpur Jadid, Chhatanwar, Nuaon, Sowan, Ariaon, Nandan, Lakhan Dihra & Dumraon (M) of Dumraon CD Block.<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 2017-12-30 }}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member<ref name="election1951">{{cite web |title=MLAs of Brahampur Assembly Constituency of Year 1951, 1957, 1962 & 2010 |url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/barhampur.html}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|Harihar Prasad Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| rowspan="2" |Ganga Prasad Singh
|-
|[[1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="2" |Harihar Prasad Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
|[[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (O)}}
|-
|[[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Ramashray Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Raja Ram Arya
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|1981^
|V. N. Bharti
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| rowspan="3" |Basant Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
|[[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Dadan Singh Yadav]]
|{{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
|[[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|[[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|
|Akhil Jan Vikas Dal
|-
|[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]]
|Daud Ali
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)|dab=y|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
|[[Dadan Singh Yadav]]
|-
|[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
|[[Ajit Kushwaha]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}" |
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]]
|-
|[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]<ref name="2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results: Dumraon">{{cite news |title=2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results: Dumraon |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04201.htm |accessdate=6 December 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=14 November 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251206092256/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04201.htm |archivedate=6 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Dumraon Constituency Election Results 2015 - 20252">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/dumraon|title=Dumraon Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025|date=14 November 2025|accessdate=6 December 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251207174127/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/dumraon|archivedate=7 December 2025|publisher=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|[[Rahul Kumar Singh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|}

==Election results==
=== 2025 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Dumraon<ref name="2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results: Dumraon"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = Rahul Kumar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:79411}}
|percentage = 40.37
|change = +13.56
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
|candidate = Dr. Ajit Kumar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:77306}}
|percentage = 39.3
|change = -1.46
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Dadan Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:11127}}
|percentage = 5.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Suraaj Party
|candidate = Shivang Vijay Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:5273}}
|percentage = 2.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party
|candidate = Pradip Kumar Sharan
|votes = {{formatnum:4976}}
|percentage = 2.53
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Hemlata
|votes = {{formatnum:3994}}
|percentage = 2.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Bheem Kamkar
|votes = {{formatnum:2661}}
|percentage = 1.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party
|candidate = Mrityunjay Kumar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:1794}}
|percentage = 0.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3059}}
|percentage = 1.56
|change = +0.49
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:2105}}
|percentage = 1.07
|change = -12.88
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:196707}}
|percentage = 60.57
|change = +5.59
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Janata Dal (United)
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 ===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Dumraon<ref name="election2020">{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/dumraon-election-result-2020-live-updates-dumraon-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3061046.html|title=Dumraon Vidhan Sabha 2020|website=News18|access-date=2020-11-29}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Ajit Kushwaha
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
|votes = {{formatnum:71320}}
|percentage = 40.76
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Anjum Ara
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|votes = {{formatnum:46905}}
|percentage = 26.81
|change = {{decrease}}21.09
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Lok Samta Party
|candidate = Arvind Pratap Shahi @ Banti Shahi
|votes = {{formatnum:11517}}
|percentage = 6.58
|change = {{decrease}}23.4
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Shivang Vijay Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:9390}}
|percentage = 5.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Dadan Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:9166}}
|percentage = 5.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Lok Janshakti Party
|candidate = Akhilesh Kumar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:6474}}
|percentage = 3.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sunil Kumar @ Pappu Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:4265}}
|percentage = 2.44
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Mohammad Afzal Ansari
|votes = {{formatnum:2961}}
|percentage = 1.69
|change = {{increase}}1.26
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)
|candidate = Shree Kant Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:1858}}
|percentage = 1.06
|change = {{decrease}}1.43
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Santosh Kumar Choubey
|votes = {{formatnum:1763}}
|percentage = 1.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Jaihind Party
|candidate = Vikash Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:1628}}
|percentage = 0.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1877}}
|percentage = 1.07
|change = {{decrease}}1.12
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:24415}}
|percentage = 13.95
|change = {{decrease}}3.97
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:174976}}
|percentage = 54.98
|change = {{decrease}}2.3
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
|loser = Janata Dal (United)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2015 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Dumraon<ref name="Dumraon Constituency Election Results 2015 - 20252"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = Dadan Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:81081}}
|percentage = 47.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Lok Samta Party
|candidate = Ram Bihari Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:50742}}
|percentage = 29.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Srikant Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:14656}}
|percentage = 8.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)
|candidate = Daud Ali
|votes = {{formatnum:4216}}
|percentage = 2.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Pradeep Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:3033}}
|percentage = 1.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Rahul Pratap Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:1684}}
|percentage = 0.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3705}}
|percentage = 2.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:30339}}
|percentage = 17.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:169254}}
|percentage = 57.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Bihar Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/68-bihar/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Bihar}}

[[Category:Politics of Buxar district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Bihar]]

Daspur Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:21:21Z

DigitalKush: put up new data more to come

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Daspur
| type= SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Daspur.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Daspur Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Mamata Bhunia]]
| party = [[All India Trinamool Congress]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Paschim Medinipur district|Paschim Medinipur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Ghatal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ghatal]]
| constituency_no = 230
| established = 1951
| electors = 242,252
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}

'''Daspur Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in the [[Paschim Medinipur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As per the orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 230 Daspur Assembly constituency is composed of the following: [[Daspur II (community development block)|Daspur II]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]], and Basudevpur, Daspur I, Daspur II, Nandanpur I, Nandanpur II and Panchberia [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Daspur I (community development block)|Daspur I]] community development block.<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web|url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |title=Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 |access-date=2010-10-15 |publisher=Government of West Bengal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918130255/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |archive-date=2010-09-18 }}</ref>

Daspur Assembly constituency is part of No. 32 [[Ghatal (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=delimitation/> It was earlier a part of the [[Panskura (Lok Sabha constituency)]].
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|Mrigendra Bhattachariya
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Bhabani Ranjan Panja
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Mrigendra Bhattachariyya
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|B. C. Sasmal
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|rowspan="2"|Mrigendra Bhattacharjya
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=7|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|rowspan="2"|Prabhas Chandra Phodikar
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|rowspan="3"|Prabhas Poodikar
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|Mukhopadhaya Chitta Ranjan
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|Ajit Bhunia
|{{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|Sunil Adhikari
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|Ajit Bhunia
|{{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|2012^
|rowspan="3"|Mamata Bhunia
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|}

==Election results==

===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Daspur}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Asis Hudait|party=Trinamool Congress|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=|party=Left Front (West Bengal)|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=|party=Indian National Congress|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2021]]: Daspur}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Mamata Bhunia]]
|votes = 114,758
|percentage = 51.58
|change = -1.24
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Prasanta Bera
|votes = 87,911
|percentage = 39.52
|change = +33.65
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Dhruba Sekhar Mandal
|votes = 17,045
|percentage = 7.66
|change = -31.79
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Jagadish Mondal Adhikary
|votes = 1,387
|percentage = 0.62
|change = -0.26
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 1,368
|percentage = 0.61
|change = -0.37
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 222,464
|percentage = 76.91
|change = -1.49
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2016]]: Daspur}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Mamata Bhunia]]
|votes = 113,603
|percentage = 52.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Swapan Santra
|votes = 84,864
|percentage = 39.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Dipak Kumar Pramanik
|votes = 12,626
|percentage = 5.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 2,104
|percentage = 0.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Madhusudan Manna
|votes = 1,899
|percentage = 0.88
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 215,086
|percentage = 78.40
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== By-election 2012===
In 2012, a by-election was necessitated by the death of sitting Trinamool Congress MLA Ajit Bhunia. Mamata Bhunia of AITC defeated her nearest rival Samar Mukherjee of CPI(M) by 18,928 votes.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120616/jsp/bengal/story_15617781.jsp#.T9yfZZh-4vs| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120619061732/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120616/jsp/bengal/story_15617781.jsp#.T9yfZZh-4vs| url-status = dead| archive-date = 19 June 2012| title = Trinamul wins bypolls but edge thins
| publisher =The Telegraph, 16 June 2012 |access-date = 2012-06-16 }}</ref>

===2011===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Daspur<ref>{{cite web |url = http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25230.htm |title = Daspur |work = Assembly Elections May 2011 Results |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-20 |archive-date = 22 May 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160522171954/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25230.htm |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=230| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120526064330/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=230| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 26 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Daspur| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 2011-05-06 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_5th_phase.pdf |title=West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work=Daspur |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2011-05-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912030706/http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_5th_phase.pdf |archive-date=2011-09-12 }}</ref> }}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Ajit Bhunia
|votes = 109,048
|percentage = 54.76
|change = +4.08#
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Sunil Adhikari
|votes = 84,121
|percentage = 42.24
|change = -7.08
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Sujit Pain
|votes = 5,966
|percentage = 3.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 199,135
|percentage = 82.2
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing = 11.16#
}}
{{Election box end}}

.# Swing calculated on Congress+Trinamool Congress vote percentages taken together in 2006.

===1977-2006===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006 state assembly elections]], Sunil Adhikari of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] won the Daspur assembly seat, defeating his nearest rival, Ajit Bhunia of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]]. Ajit Bhunia of Trinamool Congress defeated Chaittaranajan Mukhopadhyay of CPI(M). in 2001. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Chittaranjan Mukhopadhyay of CPI(M) defeated Jagannanth Goswami of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1996. Prabhas Phadikar of CPI(M) defeated Asit Bandopadhyay of Congress in 1991, Paresh Mondal of Congress in 1987, Sudhir Bera of Congress in 1982, and Bankim Chandra Sasmal of [[Janata Party]] in 1977.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp198.htm |title = 198 - Daspur Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2010-12-20 }}</ref>

===1951-1972===
Sudhir Chandra Bera of Congress won both in 1972 and 1971. Mrigendra Bhattacharya of CPI(M) won in 1969. B.C.Sasmal of Congress won in 1967. Mrigendra Bhattacharya of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] won in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]]. Bhabani Ranjan Panja of Congress won in [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]]. In [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|independent India's first election in 1951]] the Daspur seat was won by Mrigendra Bhattacharya of CPI.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/electionstatistics.asp | title = Statistical Reports of Elections | access-date = 2010-12-20 | work = General Election Results and Statistics | publisher = Election Commission of India | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp | archive-date = 2010-10-05 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Paschim Medinipur topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Paschim Medinipur district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]

Amarpal Singh

2026-04-07T00:54:09Z

DigitalKush: made basic biography basic info...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = 
| image =
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| order =
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| term_start = [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| term_end = 
| constituency = [[Sri Hargobindpur Assembly constituency|Sri Hargobindpur]]
| majority =
| predecessor = Balwinder Singh Laddi
| successor =
| order2 = 
| office2 = 
| term_start2 = 
| term_end2 = 

| pronunciation =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| citizenship =
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| profession =
| known_for =
| salary =
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| awards = 
| blank1 =
| data1 =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| website =
| nickname =
}}
'''Amarpal Singh''' is the MLA from [[Sri Hargobindpur Assembly constituency]]. He is a member of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]].<ref name="List Financialexpress">{{cite news |title=Punjab election 2022, Punjab election results 2022, Punjab election winners list, Punjab election 2022 full list of winners, Punjab election winning candidates, Punjab election 2022 winners, Punjab election 2022 winning candidates constituency wise |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/punjab-assembly-election-results-2022-check-full-list-of-winners-constituency-wise-complete-list-of-punjab-results-2022-bjp-congress-akali-dal-aap/2456066/ |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref name="2022 Winner list">{{cite news |title=All Winners List of Punjab Assembly Election 2022 {{!}} Punjab Vidhan Sabha Elections |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2022/punjab/all-winners/ |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Punjab election 2022 result constituency-wise: Check full list of winners |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/punjab-assembly-election/punjab-election-result-2022-check-constituency-wise-leading-trailing-candidates-full-list-of-winners-aap-bhagwant-mann-congress-charanjit-singh-channi-bjp-akalis-election-news-today-101646877618898.html |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=10 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref> He is also an Advocate. He has completed his graduation from GkSM college Tanda Urmar in 2006.

==Member of Legislative Assembly==
He represents the [[Sri Hargobindpur Assembly constituency]] as MLA in Punjab Assembly. The Aam Aadmi Party gained a strong 79% majority in the [[sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly]] by winning 92 out of [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|117 seats]] in the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]. MP [[Bhagwant Mann]] was sworn in as [[List of chief ministers of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister]] on 16 March 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=16 March 2022 |title=AAP's Bhagwant Mann sworn in as Punjab Chief Minister |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/punjab-assembly/aaps-bhagwant-mann-sworn-in-as-punjab-cm/article65230309.ece |access-date=22 March 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

;[[Punjab Legislative Assembly#Committees|Committee assignments of Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
*Member (2022–23) [[Punjab Assembly Committee on Public Undertakings|Committee on Public Undertakings]]<ref name="Committee on Public Undertakings">{{cite web |title=vidhan Sabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=36&Itemid=119 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in}}</ref>
* Member (2022–23) [[Punjab Assembly Committee on Co-operation and its allied activities|Committee on Co-operation and its allied activities]]<ref name="Committee on Co-operation 2022">{{cite web |title=Vidhan Sabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=805&Itemid=119 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in}}</ref>

==Assets and liabilities declared during elections==
During the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]], he declared Rs. 23,69,000 as an overall financial asset and Rs. nil as financial liability.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amarpal Singh(AAP):Constituency- SRI HARGOBINDPUR (SC)(GURDASPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/punjab2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=499 |website=www.myneta.info |access-date=14 September 2025}}</ref>

==Electoral performance ==
{{transcluded section|source=Sri Hargobindpur Assembly constituency}}
{{#section:Sri Hargobindpur Assembly constituency|Assembly Election 2022}}
{{#section:Sri Hargobindpur Assembly constituency|Assembly Election 2017}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-la}}
{{IN MLA box
| state= Punjab
| constituency= Sri Hargobindpur
| before= -
| after=
| years= [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]] – }}
{{s-end}}
{{Aam Aadmi Party |state=expanded}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Amarpal}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party politicians from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Dhirajlal Desai

2026-04-04T20:25:27Z

DigitalKush: put up the data from scratch

{{Short description|Indian diplomat and independence activist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Dhirajlal Desai
|image =
|caption =
|office = 1st [[Ambassador of India to Switzerland]]
|prime_minister = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
|term_start = 17 December 1948
|term_end = 21 March 1951
|predecessor =
|successor = [[Asaf Ali]]
|order1 =
|office1 = 1st [[Holy See–India relations|Ambassadors to the Holy See]]
|prime_minister1 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
|term_start1 = 1949
|term_end1 = 1951
|predecessor1 =
|successor1 = Nedyan Raghaven
|office2 = [[List of presidents of the Indian National Congress|President of the Bombay Provincial Congress Committee]]
|term2 = 1941
|predecessor2 =
|successor2 =
|birth_name = Dhirajlal Bhulabhai Desai
|birth_date = 22 June 1908
|birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[British India]]
|spouse = Madhuriben Desai
|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1951|3|21|1908|6|22}}
|death_place =
|field =
|work_institution =
|alma_mater =
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
|occupation = Diplomat, Activist, Barrister
|prizes =
|footnotes =
}}
'''Dhirajlal B. Desai''' (22 June 1908 – 21 March 1951), popularly known as '''Dhirubhai''', was an Indian diplomat and independence activist. He served as India's first ambassador and plenipotentiary minister to [[Switzerland]]. He also served as the President of the [[Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee|Bombay Provincial Congress Committee]] (BPCC) in 1941.<ref name=Amritmahotsav>{{cite news |title=Dhirajlal Desai: Unsung Heroes of India's freedom struggle |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?3320 |access-date=17 January 2023 |publisher=[[Ministry of Culture (India)|Ministry of Culture]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Source Material for a History of the Freedom Movement in India: 1942-1946 |date=1977 |publisher=the [[Government Central Press, Chennai|Government Central Press]] |page=89}}</ref> He was born in [[Bombay]], [[British India]] and was the son of lawyer and leader, [[Bhulabhai Desai]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Bhulabhai Desai Memorial Institute |url=https://prinseps.com/research/weaving-the-soul-of-art-post-independence/ |publisher=Prinseps Fine Art |access-date=17 January 2023}}</ref><ref name="buch-pf8rV7tUCN8C-729">David H. Stam: [https://books.google.com/books?id=pf8rV7tUCN8C&dq=%22Desai%2C+Dhirajlal%22&pg=PA729 ''International Dictionary of Library Histories, Band 1.''] Taylor & Francis, 2001, ISBN 978-1-57958-244-9, S. 729 {{Google books|pf8rV7tUCN8C||page=729}}</ref>

== Life and work ==
He attended [[Elphinstone College]], Bharda New High School and [[Government Law College, Mumbai|Government Law College]] in Bombay. Desai was [[Barrister]] at the [[Supreme Court of India]] and Chairman of the [[Indian National Congress]] in the [[Bombay Presidency]]. He was a director of Ameer Trading Corporation, the Indian branch of [[American Cyanamid]]'s Calco Chemical Company.

Desai served as [[Ambassador of India to Switzerland|India's first Ambassador to Switzerland]] from 17 December 1948 to 21 March 1951.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Official List|first=Indian Ambassadors|title=Indian Ambassadors Official List|url=https://www.indembassybern.gov.in/page/previous/|access-date=25 March 2021|website=indembassybern.gov.in}}</ref> He was elected as the President of the [[Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee|Bombay Provincial Congress Committee]] (BPCC) in 1941.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya |author1-link=Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya |title=Sixty Years of Congress |date=1945 |publisher=[[Indian National Congress|Congress Publications Board]]}}</ref> He was known for his speeches and oratory skills, particularly during the [[Quit India Movement|Quit India movement]]. He was a strong advocate for freedom and self-reliance and often spoke out against the [[British Empire]]'s attitude towards the [[Indian National Congress|Congress party]] and its denial of the right to free speech.<ref name=Amritmahotsav/>

Desai delivered speeches at various venues in Bombay, including Dana Bunder and [[Ghodapdeo|Ghodapdev]], and often spoke to working-class audiences, encouraging them to spin [[Charkha (spinning wheel)|charkha]] for at least half an hour a day as a means of earning a small income and becoming self-reliant.<ref name=Amritmahotsav/>

From 17 December 1948, he was accredited as an envoy in [[Bern]] and also to the [[Holy See]] and to the [[Allied Commission for Austria]] in [[Vienna]].<ref name=Obituary>Obituary Dhirajlal Bhulabhai Desai On March 21, 1951, His Excellency Mr. Dhirajlal Bhulabhai Desai, Minister of the Republic of India to Switzerland, died in Bern of a heart attack, one of the outstanding political and diplomatic personalities of his country. Born in 1908, he studied law in Bombay and London and practiced as a lawyer at the Supreme Court of Bombay, while actively dealing with economic problems. Champion of national independence, — his father was an intimate of Gandhi, — he was active in the All-India Congress and was even imprisoned because of his opposition to the established regime: After the victory of his ideas, Desai became the first chief missionary accredited by the Indian Republic in Switzerland, and later still in Austria and the Vatican 63-65, 1950, S. 46, {{Cite web |url=http://apostolische-nachfolge.de/dipl__korps.htm |title=Archivierte Kopie |access-date=19 January 2023 |archive-date=26 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326014526/http://apostolische-nachfolge.de/dipl__korps.htm |url-status=bot: unknown }}, {{Dodis|P3178}}</ref>

Dhirajlal Desai died of [[heart attack]] on 21 March 1951 in [[Bern]]<ref name=Obituary/> at the age of 42.<ref name=Amritmahotsav/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box|title=[[List of ambassadors of India to Switzerland|Indian Ambassador to Switzerland]]|before=Position established |after=[[Asaf Ali]]|years=1948–1951}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Desai, Dhirajlal}}
[[Category:1908 births]]
[[Category:1951 deaths]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Switzerland]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to the Holy See]]

[[Category:Politicians from Bombay State]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Maharashtra]]

Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital

2026-03-25T19:07:17Z

DigitalKush: brief fixed references based on references and corrected details

{{Short description|Medical school and tertiary-care hospital in Kolkata, India}}
{{Multiple issues
|{{one source|date=January 2019}}
{{primary sources|date=June 2018}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College & Hospital
| image = Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital Logo.svg
| image_size = 200px
| image_upright = .6
| former_names = {{ulist|Sealdah Medical School (1873)|Campbell Medical School (1884)|Campbell Medical College (1894)|NRS Medical College (1948)}}
| motto = {{lang|sa|Viśva nī asvu bhaiṣajñana}}
| mottoeng =
| top_free_label = Recognition
| top_free = {{hlist| [[National Medical Commission|NMC]] | [[Indian Nursing Council|INC]]}}
| type = [[Public]] [[Medical College]] & [[Hospital]]
| established = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1873|12|1}}
| academic_affiliations = [[West Bengal University of Health Sciences]]
| budget = {{INRConvert|264.42|c}} {{small|([[Fiscal year|FY]]2023–24 est.)}}<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| principal = Dr. Indira Dey (Pal) ''(acting)''
| academic_staff = 242 ({{small|2025}})<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| students = 1,615 ({{small|2025}})<ref name=nirf_stud>{{cite web |title=NIRF 2025 |url=https://www.nrsmc.edu.in/assets/frontend/pdf/NIL_RATAN_SIRCAR_MEDICAL_COLLEGE_HOSPITAL_KOLKATTA20250214-.pdf|publisher=NRSMCH}}</ref>
| undergrad = 1,250 ({{small|2025}})<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| postgrad = 358 ({{small|2025}})<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| doctoral = 25 ({{small|2025}})<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| campus = [[Metropolis]]
| campus_size = {{convert|44|acre}}
| address = 138, AJC Bose Road, [[Sealdah]]
| city = [[Kolkata]]
| country = [[India]]
| coor = {{coord|22.5652|N|88.3691|E|format=dms|region:IN-WB_type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| logo = Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital Wardmark Logo.svg
| logo_upright = .8
| logo_size = 200px
| website = {{Official URL}}
}}

The '''Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital''', also known as '''NRS Medical College''' (formerly '''Campbell Medical College'''), is a public [[medical school]] and [[hospital]] in [[Kolkata]], [[India]]. It is located in [[Sealdah]], in the heart of Kolkata. The medical college was established on 1 December 1873 as '''Sealdah Medical School'''.

== History ==
In 1864, the British government was compelled to open a hospital due to the social and political pressures that arose from epidemics, class struggle, and the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Sepoy Mutiny]]. Considering this urgent need, the decision was made to convert the ''Sealdah Market Building'' at Central Hall into what was to be known as the ''Sealdah Municipal Hospital.''

On 1 December 1873, the ''Sealdah Medical School'' was established and underwent several name changes. In 1884, it was renamed the ''Campbell Medical School'' and in 1894 became the ''Campbell Medical College''. After gaining independence from British rule in 1947, the college was renamed for the last time in 1948, to ''Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College'' in honour of freedom fighter and one of the college's famous alumnus, physician Sir [[Nilratan Sircar]].

The institution is recognised under the [[National Medical Commission]], New Delhi, and is run by the [[Government of West Bengal]]. It is affiliated with [[West Bengal University of Health Sciences]] and offers both undergraduate and postgraduate studies in various departments.

== Contributions ==
Throughout its history, many discoveries and treatments were fostered at Sealdah:

# In 1912, [[Kedarnath Das]] innovated the ''Bengal Forceps'' which maintains a similar size to the pelvic curve of Asian and Bengali women and the size of the head of a baby.
# In 1922, [[Upendranath Brahmachari]] discovered Urea Stibamine for the treatment of [[Kala-azar]] which was considered as a landmark in the field of antibiotics.
# [[Cholera toxin]] was discovered by [[Sambhu Nath De]] in Nilratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital which was a milestone in the application of science in medical treatment.
# Late [[Ajit Kumar Basu|Dr. A. K. Basu]], a noted surgeon and head of the Department of Surgery (1950–1955) successfully performed the first cardiac surgery in India in this institution.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of NRS Medical College |url=https://nrsmc.tripod.com/his.htm |access-date=2025-04-04 |website=nrsmc.tripod.com}}</ref>
# [[Subhash Mukhopadhyay (physician)]] worked with the first "test-tube baby".
# Pradip Mukherjee separated four sets of conjoined twins. The first one done in the year 1999.
# The work on Natural Valve Replacement and Coronary Bypass by Saibal Gupta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275891757|title=Career Data of Dr. Saibal Gupta|website=Research Gate}}</ref>
# Elbow prosthesis by D.P. Bakshi.

[[File:Eagle_View_of_Academic_Building_NRS_Medical_College.jpg|thumb|Eagle View of Academic Building, NRS Medical College]]

== Central Library ==
The N.R.S. Medical College Library is situated on the entire third floor of the Academic Building. It occupies almost a 4,000 square meter area. The reading rooms and the seating capacity of the library have been increased per the guideline of the MCI for 250 undergraduate admissions annually. The reading area for students is separated into indoor and outdoor reading rooms, each with a 250 seating capacity. The reading areas for the faculty, PG, and PDT students (each with a seating capacity of 50) have been shifted to the southern side of the library. Most of the library is air-conditioned. The digital library has been revamped with the addition of new computers and other equipment. The N.R.S. Medical College Library is a part of the Institutional Member of British Council Library, Kolkata.

The Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), of India, under its NMEICT mission, has entrusted IIT Kharagpur to host, coordinate, and set-up the National Digital Library (NDL) of India.

A workshop was organised on "Institutional Digital Repository and Medical Metadata Engineering" at AIIMS, New Delhi, on 20–21 October 2016. Professor Prantar Chakraborty, HOD, Department of Hematology, Mr. Mani Mohan Ghosh, librarian, and Mr. Sayak Mukherjee, IT Support Personnel have attended the workshop and acquired the training to frame a repository to create the National Knowledge Asset – the key driving force for education, research, innovation, and knowledge in the medical field.

== Departments ==

{{Div col|rules=yes|gap=2em|small=|colwidth=25em}}
;A. Pre-clinical
# Anatomy
# Physiology
# Biochemistry

;B. Para-clinical
# Pathology
# Pharmacology
# Microbiology
# Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
# Community Medicine
# Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation

;C. Clinical
# General Medicine
# General Surgery
# Obstetrics & Gynecology
# Pediatric Medicine
# Ophthalmology
# E.N.T (Otorhinolaryngology)
# Anesthesiology
# Dermatology
# Radiology
# Psychiatry
# Orthopedics & PMR

;D. Subspecialty
# Cardiology
# Neurology
# Nephrology
# Endocrinology
# Cardio Thorasic Vascular Surgery (CTVS)
# Pediatric Surgery
# Neurosurgery
# Transfusion Medicine & Blood Bank
# Chest Medicine (Pulmonology)
# Oncology and Radiotherapy
# Plastic Surgery
# Urology
{{Div col end}}

==Notable alumni==

* [[Nilratan Sircar]], namesake of the institute and also an Indian doctor, educationist, philanthropist and swadeshi entrepreneur.
*[[Vece Paes]], former Indian hockey midfielder, and representing the Indian team in the [[1972 Munich Olympics]], that won the bronze medal.
* [[Hemchandra Kanungo]], freedom fighter, revolutionary, one of the first revolutionaries to go abroad to learn the techniques of [[bomb making]], founding member of [[Anushilan Samiti]], designer of the [[Calcutta flag|First flag of India]].
* [[Ram Chandra Dome]] an Indian politician and a leader of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]. A doctor by profession, he was a [[Member of Parliament|M.P.]] elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Birbhum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Birbhum]] in West Bengal state in 1989, 1991, 1996, 1998, 1999 and 2004. In 2009, he was elected to the Lok Sabha from [[Bolpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bolpur]].
* [[Haimabati Sen]] (class of 1894), physician and memoirist.
* [[Uma Saren]] was the [[Member of Parliament|M.P.]] from [[Jhargram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhargram]] (2014–19). She was the 1st [[Santal people|Santhali]] woman in the Parliament.
* [[Anil Kumar Mandal]], known for his research on [[glaucoma]]. Also an elected fellow of the [[National Academy of Medical Sciences]].
* [[Cyriac Abby Philips]], known for his research on [[liver]] diseases.
* [[Zikrul Haque]] (class of 1939), physician and politician
* [[Ratan Chandra Kar]] ([[Padma Shri]] awardee) known for helping the Jarawas (Andaman Islands) from disease outbreaks, such as measles in 1998.
*[[Subhash Mukhopadhyay (physician)]]

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:SUSHRATA_Central_O.T_Complex_NRS_Hospital.jpg|Central O.T Complex NRS Hospital
File:Fraser_Ward_NRS_Hospital.jpg|Fraser Ward NRS Hospital
File:Front_View_NRS.jpg|Front View NRS Hospital
File:Playground_NRS_Medical_College.jpg|Playground NRS Medical College
File:Boys_Hostel_NRS_Medical_College.jpg|Boys Hostel NRS Medical College
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://nrsmc.edu.in/ Official website]

{{Colleges affiliated to West Bengal University of Health Sciences}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Hospitals in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Medical colleges in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Affiliates of West Bengal University of Health Sciences]]
[[Category:Hospitals established in 1873]]
[[Category:1873 establishments in British India]]

Economy of Dhanbad

2026-03-23T01:05:09Z

DigitalKush:

{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=December 2020}}
{{Advert|date=December 2020}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
[[File:Coal_Mine.jpg|right|thumb|Open-cast mining in the outskirts of Dhanbad]]
Dhanbad is the [[List of cities in Jharkhand by population|second largest city]] in [[Jharkhand]], [[India]] both [[List of cities in Jharkhand by area|by area]] and [[List of cities in Jharkhand by population|by population]]. Dhanbad has the largest economy in Jharkhand. It is [[List of cities in India by population|33rd in India by population]]. The economy of [[Dhanbad]] is primarily known for mining, utilities, retail, IT and cement industries. It is called "the coal capital of India".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-24|title=There is a path to prosperity for India's coal-dependent towns, but it's tough|url=https://india.mongabay.com/2020/11/there-is-a-path-to-prosperity-for-indias-coal-dependent-towns-but-its-tough/|access-date=2020-12-07|website=Mongabay-India|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>https://www.businessinsider.in/slideshows/miscellaneous/a-photographer-spent-years-exploring-indias-apocalyptic-capital-of-coal-and-returned-with-unreal-photos/slidelist/66333719.cms#slideid=66333729</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=City - Dhanbad (Jharkhand, India) - |url=https://urbanemissions.info/india-apna/dhanbad-india/ |access-date=2023-05-14 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Mining ==
[[File:Dhanbad coalfield.jpg|thumb|[[Dhanbad]] Coalfield]]
Dhanbad is rich in coal,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhanbad, Coal capital of India, Dhanbad city, Dhanbad district, Dhanbad jharkhand, Dhanbad district map, Dhanbad tourism |url=https://www.traveljharkhand.com/jharkhand-tourism/jharkhand-districts/dhanbad.html |access-date=2023-05-14 |website=www.traveljharkhand.com}}</ref> which led to the foundation and opening of many coal companies in Dhanbad such as [[Central Coalfields]] and [[Bharat Coking Coal]]. Bharat Coking Coal's headquarters is in Dhanbad. In Dhanbad, there are 112 mines. All industry activity can be found all over the city of Dhanbad.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CCL pays tribute to Ambedkar|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2020/state-editions/ccl-pays-tribute-to-ambedkar.html|access-date=2020-12-07|website=The Pioneer|language=en}}</ref>

== Metals and cement ==
Hindusthan Malleables & Forgings Limited is a company in Dhanbad that manufactures graded, malleable, S.G. (ductile iron), manganese steel, and alloy steel castings. It is supported by a well-equipped pattern shop, fettling and grinding shop, heat treatment shop with bell and pit cycle annealing furnaces, machine shop, physical, chemical, and metallographic testing facilities, and a spectrometer for chemical analysis. The company has been awarded ISO 9001-2008 and ISO/TS 16949-2009. It has a branch in [[Bhuli, India|Bhuli]], Dhanbad.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiamart.com/hindusthan-malleables-forgings/aboutus.html|title=Hindusthan Malleables & Forgings Limited - Manufacturer from Bhuli, Dhanbad, India - About Us|access-date=2020-12-07|website=www.indiamart.com}}</ref>

== Projects ==
[[Projects and Development India Limited]], Hindustan Urvarak and Rasayan Ltd. Sindri and [[ACC (company)|ACC Ltd.]] at [[Sindri (Dhanbad)|Sindri]] have many projects in and across Dhanbad. [[Indian Railways]] is also a big employer in Dhanbad.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Eastern Railway to reopen non-suburban passenger train services from December 21|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/eastern-railway-to-reopen-non-suburban-passenger-train-services-from-december-21/story/423272.html|access-date=2020-12-07|website=www.businesstoday.in|date=28 November 2020 }}</ref>

== Information technology ==
[[Software Technology Parks of India]] set up an IT park branch at Dhanbad. This IT park branch will house several information technology and [[business process outsourcing]] companies. It is near [[Birsa Institute of Technology Sindri]]. It was inaugurated by chief minister [[Hemant Soren]]. It was built at a cost of Rs 18.67 crore, the third site for the company in Jharkhand, the other two being in [[Ranchi]] and [[Jamshedpur]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 December 2020|title=Software tech park inaugurated in Sindri, H'bag gets new collectorate building|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/software-tech-park-inaugurated-in-sindri-hbag-gets-new-collectorate-building/articleshow/80015371.cms|access-date=2021-01-03|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Economy of Bokaro]]
*[[Economy of Ranchi]]
* [[Economy of Deoghar]]
* [[Economy of Jamshedpur]]
* [[Economy of Giridih]]
* [[Economy of Jharkhand State]]
* [[Economy of India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Dhanbad]]
[[Category:Economy of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Economy of India by city|Dhanbad]]

Mastani

2026-03-20T00:35:48Z

DigitalKush: refined layout based on references

{{short description|Second wife of Bajirao I (1699-1740)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox royalty
| title = [[Maharani]] [[Princess]] of [[Bundelkhand]]
| name = Mastani
| image = Mastani 28tt13.jpg
| alt = An art impression of Mastani
| caption = A portrait of ''Mastani'' (dated 18th century)
| birth_date = 29 August 1699
| birth_place = Mausahaniya, [[Agra Subah]], [[Mughal Empire]] (modern-day [[Chhatarpur district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1740|5|28|1699|8|29}}
| death_place = [[Pabal]], [[Pune district|Pune]], [[Maratha Empire]] (modern-day [[Maharashtra]], [[India]])
| burial_place = [[Pabal]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| occupation =
| religion = [[Shia Islam]]
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Bajirao I]]|1729}}
| house = [[Bundela]] (by birth) [[Bhat family|Bhat]] (by marriage)
| father = [[Chhatrasal]]
| mother = [[Ruhani Bai Begum]]
| issue = [[Shamsher Bahadur I (Krishna Rao)|Shamsher Bahadur I]]
}}

'''Mastani''' (29 August 1699 – 28 April 1740) was the daughter of Maharaja [[Chhatrasal|Chhatrasal Bundela]] of Bundelkhand.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Chhabra |first=G. S. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.460890/page/n35/mode/2up |title=Advanced Study In The History Of Modern India Vol. 1 Ed. 2nd |page=28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Paul |first=Jaiwant E. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Baji_Rao_The_Warrior_Peshwa/5KohEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1 |title=Baji Rao: The Warrior Peshwa |date=2017-04-19 |publisher=Roli Books Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5194-120-0 |pages=1st & 2nd pg of the chapter "Mesmerized by Mastani" |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Srinivasan |first=C. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z0E_AAAAMAAJ |title=Baji Rao I, the Great Peshwa |date=1961 |publisher=Asia Publishing House |pages=79-80 |language=en}}</ref> She was the second wife of the Maratha [[Peshwa]] (Prime Minister) [[Baji Rao I]]. The marriage was arranged to promote diplomatic ties with the [[Maratha Empire]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Paul |first=Jaiwant E. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Baji_Rao_The_Warrior_Peshwa/5KohEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1 |title=Baji Rao: The Warrior Peshwa |date=2017-04-19 |publisher=Roli Books Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5194-120-0 |pages=2nd pg of the chapter "Mesmerized by Mastani" |language=en}}</ref> Her relationship within the Maratha Brahmin family has been subject of both admiration and controversy<ref name=Mehta05/><ref name="GSC_2005"/> and well adapted in Indian novels and cinema.<ref>{{citation |title=Peshwa Bajirao Review: Anuja Sathe shines as Radhabai in the period drama |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/television/story/peshwa-bajirao-review-anuja-sathe-shines-as-radha-bai-in-the-period-drama-lifetv-957061-2017-01-25 |work=[[India Today]] |date=25 January 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jha|first=Subhash K|title=Bajirao Mastani review: This gloriously epic Priyanka, Deepika and Ranveer-starrer is the best film of 2015|url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/bajirao-mastani-review-this-is-the-best-film-of-2015-2550464.html|publisher=[[Firstpost]]|date=19 October 2015|access-date=19 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xn43DQAAQBAJ|title=Rau – The Great Love Story of Bajirao Mastani|last=Inamdar|first=N. S.|date=20 October 2016|publisher=Pan Macmillan|isbn=978-1-5098-5227-7|language=en}}</ref><ref name="GB_Mastani_KusumChopra">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=47GeAwAAQBAJ|title=Mastani|last=Chopra|first=Kusum|publisher=Rupa Publications|isbn=9788129133304|language=en}}</ref><ref name="scroll">{{cite web|url=http://scroll.in/article/774506/how-bajirao-and-mastani-became-a-byword-for-doomed-romance|title=How Bajirao and Mastani became a byword for doomed romance|date=10 December 2015 }}</ref>

==Biography==
===Early life===
Mastani was born to [[Chhatrasal]], and his Persian concubine [[Ruhani Bai Begum|Ruhani Begum]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=|date=2015-11-20|title=How Bajirao's Mastani united Hindus and Muslims after her death|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/mastani-grave-pabel-village-visited-by-hindus-and-muslims-55996.html|access-date=2021-01-28|website=www.indiatvnews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Jaswant Lal Mehta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813|date=2005-01-01|page=108|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=978-1-932705-54-6|language=en|quote=Of his own sweet will The Rajput king bestowed a large number of Personal Jagir to Bajirao near Jhansi and further offer hand of her daughter Mastani born from his Muslim Concubine}}</ref> Her father was the founder of the [[Panna State]].<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=187–188}}</ref> She and her father were followers of the [[Pranami]] [[Sampradaya]], a Hindu sect based on the [[Bhakti movement|Bhakti worship]] of Sri Krishna, but as her mother was [[Sunni Islam| Sunni]], she was also a follower of Sunni Islam.<ref name="scroll" />

Accounts, however with regard to her origin vary. Some consider her the daughter of the [[Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I|Nizam]], while others refer to her as a courtesan of the court of some Muslim chief.<ref name=":0" /> The Nizam on suggestion of his wife married her to Bajirao to promote diplomatic relations with Marathas.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

=== Marriage with Bajirao I ===
[[File:Mastani-bai.jpg|thumb|right|"Mastani bai" as depicted in ''A history of the Maratha People'']]
{{Main|Bajirao I}}
[[File:Painting of Bajirao And Mastani.jpg|left|thumb|Painting of [[Bajirao I|Bajirao]] and Mastani ]]
In 1728, Nawab [[Muhammad Khan Bangash]] invaded Chhatrasal's kingdom, defeated him and besieged his capital. Chhatrasal secretly wrote to Bajirao requesting his help. But being occupied in a military campaign in Malwa Bajirao did not respond until 1729 when he marched on towards Bundelkhand. Ultimately Bajirao defeated Bangash after reaching [[Jaitpur, Kulpahar|Jaitpur]] near [[Kulpahar]] in present [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="GSC_2005">{{cite book |author=G.S.Chhabra |title=Advance Study in the History of Modern India (Volume-1: 1707-1803) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UkDi6rVbckoC&pg=PA19 |date=1 January 2005 |publisher=Lotus Press |isbn=978-81-89093-06-8 |pages=19–28 }}</ref>

In gratitude, Chhatrasal gave Bajirao the hand of his daughter Mastani, dominion over [[Jhansi]], [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]] and [[Kalpi]] - amounting to a third of his kingdom. After his marriage to Mastani, he also gifted Bajirao with 33 lakh gold coins and a gold mine.<ref name="GB_Mastani_KusumChopra" /><ref name="indiatvnews.com">{{Cite news|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/mastani-grave-pabel-village-visited-by-hindus-and-muslims-55996.html|title=How Bajirao's Mastani united Hindus and Muslims after her death|access-date=2017-12-01|language=en-US}}</ref> At the time, Bajirao was already married. He, however, accepted out of regard for Chhatrasal.<ref name=Mehta05>{{cite book|last1=Mehta|first1=J. L.|title=Advanced study in the history of modern India, 1707-1813|date=2005|publisher=New Dawn Press, Inc.|location=Slough|isbn=9781932705546|page=124}}</ref>

Back in Pune, the marriage was not generally accepted because of the tradition of monogamy. Mastani lived for some time with Bajirao at his palace of [[Shaniwar Wada]] in the city of [[Pune]]. The palace's north-east corner held Mastani Mahal and had its own external doorway called Mastani Darwaza. Bajirao later built a separate residence for Mastani at [[Kothrud]] in 1734,<ref name=muse>[http://www.rajakelkarmuseum.com/default/collection/c-mastani.htm Rajakelkar Museum] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050308070945/http://www.rajakelkarmuseum.com/default/collection/c-mastani.htm |date=8 March 2005 }} accessed 3 March 2008</ref> some distance away from Shaniwar Wada. The site still exists at the ''Mrutyunjay'' temple on Karve road. The palace at Kothrud was dismantled and parts of this are displayed at a special section of [[Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum]].<ref name=trib>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000220/spectrum/main3.htm Tribure India] accessed 3 March 2008</ref><ref name=muse/>

=== Shamsher Bahadur ===
Mastani bore a son who was named Krishna Rao at birth, within a few months of Bajirao's first wife Kashibai delivering a son. The boy was eventually named [[Shamsher Bahadur I]].

After the closely following deaths of Bajirao and Mastani in 1740, [[Kashibai]] took the 6 year-old Shamsher Bahadur under her care and raised him as one of her own. Shamsher was bestowed upon a portion of his father’s dominion of [[Banda, Uttar Pradesh|Banda]] and [[Kalpi]]. In 1761, he and his army contingent fought alongside the Peshwa in the [[Third Battle of Panipat]] between the Marathas and Afghans. He was wounded in that battle and died a few days later at Deeg.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yoI8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA407|title=The Cambridge History of India|last=Burn|first=Sir Richard|date=1964|publisher=CUP Archive|language=en}}</ref>

===Death===
Mastani died in 1740, shortly after Bajirao's death. Her cause of death is unknown. According to some, she died of a shock after perceiving her husband's death. But, many believe that she committed suicide after she heard of Bajirao's death by consuming poison. Mastani was buried in the village of [[Pabal]]. Her grave is called both ''Mastani's [[Samadhi (shrine)|samadhi]]'' and ''Mastani's [[Mazar (mausoleum)|mazar]]''.<ref name="indiatvnews.com"/><ref name="Garima Mishra">{{cite news|last1=Mishra|first1=Garima|title=Grave of Mastani: Hindus call it samadhi :), Muslims mazaar|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/grave-of-mastani-hindus-call-it-samadhi-muslims-mazaar/|access-date=15 January 2016|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=20 November 2015}}</ref>

==Descendants==
[[Shamsher Bahadur]]'s son [[Ali Bahadur I]] was given the Rajputana provinces that came in Mastani's dowry - [[Jhansi]], [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]] and [[Kalpi]]. During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] his son [[Ali Bahadur II|Nawab Ali Bahadur II]] responded to a [[Raksha Bandhan|rakhi]] from [[Rani of Jhansi|Rani Laxmibai]] of [[Jhansi]] and fought against the British.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/others/sunday-read/The-Mastani-Mystery/articleshow/48938551.cms|title=The Mastani Mystery - Ahmedabad Mirror|work=Ahmedabad Mirror|access-date=2017-12-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.amarujala.com/news/city/banda/banda-hindi-news/rani-of-jhansi-had-sought-help-from-the-nawab-of-banda-hindi-news/|title=नवाब बांदा को राखी भेजकर रानी लक्ष्मीबाई ने मांगी थी मदद- Amarujala|work=Amar Ujala|access-date=2017-12-01|language=en}}</ref> Ali Bahadur (Krishna Singh) established his authority over large parts of Bundelkhand and became the Nawab of Banda. The descendant of Shamsher Bahadur continued their allegiance to baihi bai fought the English in the Anglo-Maratha War of 1803. His descendants were known as Nawabs of Banda. But after the defeat of Ali Bahadur, the British abolished the Banda state.

==In popular culture==
{{multiple image
| align = right
| image1 = Mastani.jpg
| width1 = 135
| alt1 =
| caption1 = A painting depicting Mastani at display in [[Aina Mahal]] in [[Bhuj]].
| image2 =
| width2 = 180
| alt2 =
| caption2 =
| footer =
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=== Literature ===
* 1972 - ''[[Rau (novel)|Rau]]'', the [[Marathi language|Marathi]] [[novel]] by [[Nagnath S. Inamdar]] featuring a [[fiction]]alized love story between Baji Rao I and Mastani.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xn43DQAAQBAJ|title=Rau - The Great Love Story of Bajirao Mastani|last=Inamdar|first=N. S.|date=2016-10-20|publisher=Pan Macmillan|isbn=9781509852277|language=en}}</ref>

=== Films ===
* 1955 - ''Mastana'' directed by Dhirubhai Desai. It starred [[Nigar Sultana (actress)|Nigar Sultana]], Manher Desai, [[Shahu Modak]] and [[Agha (actor)|Agha]].<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q128789561|title=Mastani}}</ref>
* 2015 - ''[[Bajirao Mastani (film)|Bajirao Mastani]]'' directed by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]] based on the [[fictional]] Marathi novel ''[[Rau (novel)|Rau]]''. [[Deepika Padukone]] portrayed the character.

=== Television ===
* 1990 - ''Rau'' a [[Marathi language|Marathi]] TV series based on the [[fictional]] novel ''[[Rau (novel)|Rau]]''.{{citation needed|date=December 2017}}
* 2015 - ''Shrimant Peshwa Bajirao Mastani'', a Marathi TV serial broadcast on [[ETV Marathi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etv.co.in/e-tv-5/bajirao_mastani/index.html |title=ETV website |publisher=Etv.co.in |access-date=2013-12-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326200714/http://www.etv.co.in/e-tv-5/bajirao_mastani/index.html |archive-date=26 March 2015 }}</ref>
* 2017 - ''[[Peshwa Bajirao (TV series)|Peshwa Bajirao]]'', a Hindi TV series premiered and broadcast on [[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony TV India]]. Mastani was played by Megha Chakraborty.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{Commons category}}
* Anne Feldhaus. ''Images of Women in Maharashtrian Society''. Albany: SUNY Press (1998), [https://books.google.com/books?id=r_qf_OYAdqgC&pg=PA70 p. 70].
* Stewart Gordon. ''[[The New Cambridge History of India]]; vol. 2, part 4: The Marathas 1600-1818''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1993),[https://books.google.com/books?id=iHK-BhVXOU4C&pg=PA130 p. 130].

{{MarathaEmpire}}

[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:1740 deaths]]
[[Category:Rajputs]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Women from the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian royalty]]
[[Category:1699 births]]
[[Category:Rajput princesses]]

Kaamnaa

2026-03-15T15:08:53Z

DigitalKush: created basic details needs work

{{Short description|Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Kaamnaa Poster.jpeg
| caption =
| genre = [[Drama]] [[Romance film|Romance]]
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| creator =
| based_on = [[Meray Paas Tum Ho]]
| writer = Vishal Watwani Renu Watwani Anand Vardhan
| story = Anand Vardhan
| screenplay = Vishal Watwani Renu Watwani
| list_episodes =
| theme_music_composer = Nishant Raja
| opentheme = Jab Koi Baat Bigad Jaye by Nishant Raja
| endtheme =
| composer = Nishant Raja
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 185
| director = Mahim Joshi
| creative_director = Pushpa Porwal
| executive_producer =
| cinematography =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 19-21 minutes
| company = Cockrow Entertainment Shaika Films
| network = [[Sony Entertainment Television]]
| producer = {{ubl|Rajesh Ram Singh|Pradeep Kumar|Pia Bajpai|Shaika Parween}}
| editor = Sagar Patil Manish Upadhyay
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2021|11|15}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2022|07|29}}
| narrated =
}}

'''Kaamnaa''' ({{Translation|''Desire''}}) is an Indian Hindi-language television series that premeried on 15 November 2021 on [[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony TV]]. Produced by Cockcrow and Shaika Entertainment, it starred [[Abhishek Rawat]], [[Manav Gohil]], Chandni Sharma and Ramnitu Chaudhary. The initial story of ''Kaamnaa'' was inspired by the hit [[Pakistani]] television series ''[[Meray Paas Tum Ho]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sarfraz |first=Mehmal |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-good-women-and-bad-women-of-serials/article30831052.ece |title=The 'good' and 'bad' women of serials: How a Pakistan show has triggered debates on depiction of women on television |date=15 February 2020 |work=The Hindu|access-date=10 April 2020 |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The series ended on 29 July 2022.

==Plot==
Manav, a hardworking and straightforward government officer, follows his principles with complete honesty. In contrast, his wife Akanksha desires to lead a luxurious life with everything she wants. Despite not getting everything, they wish for, the two are happy with their son, Yatharth. All goes well until a businessman, Vaibhav Kapoor, who believes anything can be bought by money, falls in love at first sight with Akanksha, his Kaamnaa (translation: wish or desire) as he likes to call her, without knowing her real identity.

Manav transfers from Bhopal to Indore and patches things up between Akanksha and her family. Akanksha shares her past with Manav and reveals that she was once Miss Indore, but only because her father bribed the judges. Vaibhav gets closer to Akanksha by buying her old bungalow and even offering her a job to model his company with extra perks. Still, Manav disapproves of this as he suspects Vaibhav's intentions. After some time, Akanksha falls in love with Vaibhav, leaving Manav shattered.

Akanksha's leave worsens Yatharth's mental health, where Sakshi, his school counselor, helps him. Sakshi's husband, Prateek, and son, Parth, died in a car accident and has affected her since. Sakshi sees Parth in Yatharth, forcing her to leave the school after interfering with Manav and Akanksha's sole guardianship of Yatharth. After losing everything, Manav feels guilty and lets Sakshi and her mother-in-law, Malti stay with them for the sake of Yatharth.

Manav wins legal guardianship of his son after Mr. Holkar shows sympathy for him and realizes his past mistakes. Akanksha gets paranoid when she can't find any way to get Yatharth to be with her, even after asking Vaibhav for help which he denies since he hates kids. Things get chaotic after she kidnaps Yatharth at school and eventually makes way to the court. Vaibhav hates Akanksha for ruining his image when he left for America while Akanksha pretends to still love Vaibhav but actually wants to get 50% of his property and wealth. They make a mutual agreement to stay together only for the sake of getting revenge on Manav. After facing many false accusations, with the help of a retired and blind lawyer, Mr. Shenoy, Manav wins the case.

Manav moves into a new house and becomes the [[Chief executive officer|Chief Executive Officer]] (CEO) of Holkar Industries to get revenge on Vaibhav for ruining Mr. Holkar and Ayesha's lives after Niharika's dismay. Manav finds out about Prateek and Parth from Malti aunty and tells him how they lost Prateek and Parth during a car accident. Manav is shocked to hear Sakshi went through so much. After a lot of convincing Sakshi moves in with Manav and Yatharth. All goes well until someone announces Sakshi as Manav's wife. Yatharth and Ayesha's plans on bringing them closer but all in vain. Manav and Sakshi find out about this, and they decide to part ways. Sakshi realizes she has feelings for Manav, but she doesn't say anything. Yatharth's mental health decreases drastically and stops attending school and breaks his friendship with Ayesha. Manav panics when he can't find a balance between work and his personal life and realizes how desperately he needs Sakshi.

Akanksha does whatever it takes to get Yatharth with her but fails desperately. Manav and Sakshi become friends after he warns her about her future groom, after having an awkward meeting with him. Things take a drastic turn when Yatharth has a bike accident and Vaibhav takes advantage and burns all of the files against him. At this point, Manav feels helpless, but a priest brings his hopes high after informing him that Niharika is alive. Manav and Mr. Holkar discovers that Vaibhav has hidden Niharika for seven years at an abandoned place for safekeeping. The day has come for Vaibhav and Akanksha's wedding where strange things occur, but this doesn't stop Akanksha from marrying Vaibhav. Everyone finally sees that Niharika is alive, and this was all part of Manav's plan. Vaibhav, having no choice, expels Akanksha from the house and office. Vaibhav is jailed and Akanksha visits him. At last, Vaibhav tells Akanksha his evil deeds to obtain her, but in reality, she is worthless. Despite everyone's warnings, Akanksha continues to interfere in Manav and Yatharth's lives as she has nowhere else to go. Manav and Sakshi realize their love for each other and gets engaged. Akanksha deliberately gets into a road car accident which Manav is blamed for and is arrested after Vaibhav informs the police about him trying to murder her. Akanksha gets Manav out of jail by giving a statement in his favor to gain entry into his life again. Vaibhav tries to strangle Niharika to death but she catches him doing so immediately. After Niharika explains to him about his obsession towards money and has left him with nothing, Vaibhav reforms himself and leaves to repent for his sins. Akanksha realizes her mistakes and leaves the house. Manav marries Sakshi.

==Cast==
=== Main ===
* [[Abhishek Rawat]] as Manav Bajpayee – Akanksha's ex-husband; Sakshi's second husband; Yatharth's father (2021–2022)
* Ramnitu Chaudhary as Sakshi Verma Bajpayee – Manav's second wife; Yatharth's teacher/adoptive mother (2022)
* Chandni Sharma as Akanksha "Akku" Awasthi/Kaamna – Manav's ex-wife; Yatharth's mother; Vaibhav's ex-fiancée (2021-2022)
* [[Manav Gohil]] as Vaibhav Kapoor – Akanksha's ex-fiancé; Niharika's ex-husband (2021–2022)
* Tanmay Rishi Shah as Yatharth "Yathu" Bajpayee – Akanksha and Manav's son; Sakshi's student/adopted son (2021–2022)

=== Recurring ===
* Tasneem Ali as Swati Awasthi – Akanksha, Kavita and Karan's mother; Yatharth's grandmother (2021–2022)
* Jitendra Bohara as Karan Awasthi – Akanksha's brother (2021–2022)
* [[Komal Sharma]] as Kavita Awasthi – Akanksha's elder sister (2021–2022)
* Nisha Gupta as Babli Awasthi – Karan's wife; Akanksha's sister-in-law (2021–2022)
* Ananya Dwivedi as Ayesha Holkar – Niharika's daughter; Vaibhav's step-daughter; Yatharth's friend (2021–2022)
* Shilpa Kadam / Gauri Tonk as Niharika Holkar – Mr. Holkar's elder daughter; Vaibhav's ex-wife; Ayesha's mother (2021–2022)
* Unknown as Malti Verma – Sakshi's mother-in-law; Prateek's mother; Yatharth's adoptive grandmother (2022)
* Unknown as Mr. Choksi – Kaushal and Amita's boss; Manav's previous boss (2021-2022)
* Ashwin Kaushal as Kaushal – Manav's neighbor and former coworker (2021–2022)
* Naina Birthare as Leena – Kaushal's wife (2021–2022)
* Khushboo Sawan as Ekta – Leena's friend (2021–2022)
* Anuja Walhe as Amita – Manav's friend and former co-worker; Vinay's mother (2021–2022)
* Aahil Sayyad as Vinay – Amita's son; Yatharth's friend (2021–2022)
* Nidhi Seth as Meera Singhania – Vaibhav and Akanksha's former lawyer; legal advisor to Holkar Industries (2022)
* Jitendra Trehan as Mr. Holkar – Niharika and Sangini's father; Ayesha's grandfather (2021–2022)
* [[Ansha Sayed]] as Sangini Holkar – Mr. Holkar's younger daughter; Niharika's sister (2021)
* Shivani Kothari as Maya Xaviers – Akanksha's mentor; Vaibhav and Akanksha's cupid (2021–2022)
* [[Vinod Kapoor]] as Rane – Vaibhav, Niharika and Mr. Holkar's personal assistant (2021–2022)
* Nidhi Bhavsar as Riya – Akanksha's friend; Ansh's wife (2021)
* Nitish Parashar as Ansh – Manav's friend; Riya's husband (2021)
* Muni Jha as Mr. Shenoy - Mr. Holkar's friend; Manav's mentor and lawyer (2022)
* Unknown as Prateek Verma – Malti's late son; Sakshi's late husband; Parth's father (2022) (Dead)
* Unknown as Parth Verma – Prateek and Sakshi's late son; Malti's late grandson (2022) (Dead)
* Priyanka Bedi as School Principal Ma'am – Yatharth's and Ayesha's school principal (2022)
* Kirti Sually as Yashoda Dadi – Yatharth's caretaker (2022)
* [[Mukund Kapahi]] as Anurag - Sakshi's obsessive lover (2022)
* Unknown as Dr. Kale – Vaibhav's crime partner; Niharika's kidnapper (2022)

==Production==
===Casting===
[[Abhishek Rawat]] was cast to portray the lead Manav.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/abhishek-rawat-to-play-an-ideal-husband-on-upcoming-show-kaamnaa-1868508-2021-10-23|title=Abhishek Rawat to play an ideal husband on upcoming show Kaamnaa|date=October 23, 2021 |magazine=India Today}}</ref>

Chandni Sharma was cast as the lead Akanksha, her character later turns negative.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chandni Sharma says she is thrilled to play a character that resonates with the younger generation in Kaamnaa|access-date=25 October 2021|work=Pinkvilla|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/chandni-sharma-says-she-thrilled-play-character-resonates-younger-generation-kaamnaa-925585?amp}}</ref> Ramnitu Chaudhary was then cast as the new lead Sakshi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Exclusive! Ramanitu Chaudhary throws light on her character in 'Kaamnaa'|access-date=15 February 2022|work=Times Of India|date=14 February 2022 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ramanitu-chaudhary-throws-light-on-her-character-in-kaamnaa/articleshow/89565456.cms}}</ref>

===Release===
''Kaamnaa'' premeried on 21 November 2021 on [[Sony Entertainment Television]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/kaamnaa-to-replace-kuch-rang-pyar-ke-aise-bhi-3-new-show-premieres-on-nov-15-1875263-2021-11-10|title=Kaamnaa to replace Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi 3. New show premieres on Nov 15|date=November 10, 2021 |magazine=India Today}}</ref> The promos of the show were directed by actor [[Gajraj Rao]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Did you know that Chandni Sharma and Abhishek Rawat starrer show Kaamna's new promos were directed by Badhaai Ho fame Gajraj Rao?|access-date=3 December 2021|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/did-you-know-that-chandni-sharma-and-abhishek-rawat-starrer-show-kaamnas-new-promos-were-directed-by-badhaai-ho-fame-gajraj-rao/articleshow/88055932.cms|work=Times Of India|date=2 December 2021 }}</ref>

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Recipient
! Result
! Ref.
|-
|rowspan="4"|2022
|[[Gold Awards]]
|[[Gold Award for Debut in a Lead Role (Female)|Debut in a Lead Role (Female)]]
|Chandni Sharma
|rowspan="4" {{Pending}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goldawards.in/|access-date=13 August 2022|work=Gold Awards|title=14th Boroplus Gold Awards, 2022: Check Out The List Of Nominees|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Indian Television Academy Awards|22nd Indian Television Academy Awards]]
|[[ITA Award for Best Actress Drama|Best Actress (Drama)]]
|Ramnitu Chaudhary
|rowspan="3"|<ref>{{Cite web|title=22nd Indian Television Academy Awards Nominations - Vote Now|access-date=9 September 2022|work=Indian Television Academy Awards|url=https://ita2022.indiantelevisionacademy.com/|archive-date=9 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909025008/https://ita2022.indiantelevisionacademy.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[ITA Award for Best Actor Drama|Best Actor (Drama)]]
|[[Abhishek Rawat]]
|-
|[[ITA Award for Best Serial – Drama|Best Serial (Drama)]]
|Kaamnaa
|}

==See also==
*[[List of programs broadcast by Sony Entertainment Television]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=16219460}}
* [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/kaamnaa-1700000819 ''Kaamnaa''] on [[SonyLIV]]
* [https://www.setindia.com/in-en/shows/kaamnaa/86 ''Kaamnaa''] on [[Sony Entertainment Television]]

{{Sony Entertainment Television India Shows|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:2021 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Sony Entertainment Television original programming]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Indian romance television series]]

8th Gorkha Rifles

2026-03-06T17:38:27Z

DigitalKush: Improved wording and formatting

{{Short description|Regiment of the Indian Army}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = 8th Gorkha Rifles
| image = 8th Gorkha rifles Insignia (India).svg
| image_size = 150px
| caption =
| dates = 1824 – Present
| country = {{flag|India}}
| allegiance =
| branch = {{army|India}}
| type = Rifles
| role =
| size = 6 Battalions
| command_structure =
| garrison = 58 Gorkha Training Centre, [[Shillong]], [[Meghalaya]]
| garrison_label = Regimental Centre
| nickname = ''The Shiny Eight''
| patron =
| motto = ''Kayar Hunu Bhanda Marnu Ramro'' (Better to die than live like a coward)
| colors = Green; faced black
| colors_label =
| march = War Cry: ''Jai Maa Kali, Ayo Gorkhali'' (Hail [[Kali|Mother Kali]], The Gorkhas are here)
| mascot =
| battles = [[First Anglo–Burmese War]] [[Duar War|Bhutan War]] [[World War I]] [[World War II]] [[Sino-Indian war]] [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] [[Kargil War]] [[Operation Khukri]]
| equipment =
| equipment_label =
| anniversaries =
| decorations = 4 [[Victoria Cross]]es 1 [[George Cross]] 1 [[Param Vir Chakra]] 4 [[Ashoka Chakra]]s 1 [[Padma Vibhushan]] 1 [[Padma Bhushan]] 4 Param Vishist Seva Medals 7 [[Maha Vir Chakra]]s 1 Uttam Yudh Seva Medal 2 [[Kirti Chakra]]s 8 Ati Vishist Seva Medals and 1 Bar 22 [[Vir Chakra]]s 13 Shaurya Chakras 1 Yudh Seva Medal 34 [[Sena Medal]]s 12 Vishist Seva Medals
| battle_honours = '''Post Independence''' Punch Chushul Sanjoi and Mirpur '''Theatre Honours''' [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947|Jammu & Kashmir 1948]] [[Sino-Indian War|Ladakh 1962]] [[1965 war|Jammu & Kashmir, 1965]]
| current_commander =
| current_commander_label =
| ceremonial_chief =
| ceremonial_chief_label =
| colonel_of_the_regiment = Brigadier C Kartik Seshadri, VSM<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.gazette.central.w.2025-12-27.268912/|title=Gazette of India, No 52|date=2025-12-27|access-date=2026-01-16}}</ref>
| colonel_of_the_regiment_label = Colonel of the Regiment
| notable_commanders = [[Sam Manekshaw|Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw]]
| identification_symbol = A pair of crossed [[Khukri]]s with the numeral 8 above
| identification_symbol_label = Regimental Insignia
| identification_symbol_2 = [http://i211.photobucket.com/albums/bb309/hammersfan_01/Tartans/Government.gif Government (pipe bags and ribbons)]
| identification_symbol_2_label = Tartan
}}
The '''8th Gorkha Rifles''' is a [[Gorkha regiments (India)|Gorkha regiment]] of the [[Indian Army]]. It was raised in 1824 as part of the [[British East India Company]] and later transferred to the [[British Indian Army]] after the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]. The regiment served in [[World War I]] and [[World War II]], before being one of the six (of ten) Gurkha regiments transferred to the [[Indian Army]] after independence in 1947. Since then it has served in a number of conflicts including the [[Sino-Indian War]] of 1962 and the Indo-Pakistan wars of 1965 and 1971. Today the 8th Gorkha Rifles is one of the most celebrated regiments of the Indian Army, having received numerous citations for bravery in the field of battle, and even producing one of the two field marshals of India, Field Marshal [[Sam Manekshaw]], of the Indian Army.

==History==
===Formation and early campaigns===
The [[16th Sylhet Local Battalion]], a unit of the British East India Company that was formed in 1824, can be traced as the regiment's ancestor.<ref name="iv.com"/> The first designation change came in 1826 when the unit was redesignated the 11th Sylhet Local Battalion. In 1861, it became part of the Bengal Native Infantry and was briefly designated the 48th (Sylhet) Light Infantry, before its numerical designation was changed to the 44th. A number of minor name changes occurred until 1886 when the Goorkha title was adopted and the regiment became the 44th Regiment of Goorkha (Light) Infantry. In 1891, the regiment's title was adjusted to 44th Gurkha (Rifle) Regiment of Bengal Infantry. The designation of the 8th Gurkha Rifles was adopted in 1903, but it remained a single battalion regiment until 1907, the regiment gained a second battalion, subsuming the 43rd Gurkhas, which had been briefly redesignated as the 7th Gurkha Rifles.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.regiments.org/regiments/southasia/gurkha/08GR.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060113052914/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/southasia/gurkha/08GR.htm |archive-date=13 January 2006 |access-date=14 November 2020|title=8th Gorkha Rifles |work=Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and the Commonwealth }}</ref><ref>Lunt 1994, p. 11</ref>

Military assignments commenced as soon after the raising of the regiment when the first battalion formed the spearhead for operations in the [[First Anglo–Burmese War]] of 1824–1825. The services of the regiment were to be requisitioned again when the British went to war with [[Duar War|Bhutan in 1864]]. Two battalion columns of the regiment sallied forth, shoulder to shoulder to crush the Bhutanese revolts and the stronghold of Devnageri.{{Cn|date=November 2020}} The first [[Victoria Cross]] (VC), awarded to [[Richard Kirby Ridgeway|Richard Ridgeway]], came to the regiment as a result of an action on 22 November 1879,<ref>Parker 2005, p. 392.</ref> in its first ever operational mission when its units were summoned to deal with [[Nagaland Rebels]]. This was the first time that a regular army unit was ever been employed in the Naga hills.{{Citation needed|date=May 2017}}

The regiment's second Victoria Cross was awarded to [[Charles James William Grant|Charles Grant]], for his actions on the during the [[Manipur Expedition]] on the [[North-East Frontier]] on 27 March 1891 whilst attached to the 2nd Battalion.<ref>Parker 2005, p. 392.</ref> Following the disaster at Manipur, Grant volunteered to attempt the relief of the British who were being held captive with a force of 80 Gurkhas. Inspiring his men with his example of personal daring and resource, the lieutenant captured Thobal, near Manipur, from a force of 800 Manipuris on 30 March 1891. For the next ten days Grant and his small force held Thobal, before on 9 April 1891, having run out of food and having almost no ammunition left, they were forced to abandon the position.<ref>Parker 2005, pp. 88–91.</ref> In his report following the incident, Lieutenant Grant recommended every member of his party be awarded the [[Indian Order of Merit]], which was at that time the highest award a native member of the British Indian Army could be awarded. This recommendation was later accepted and all of Grant's men were also rewarded with six months pay and allowances.<ref>Parker 2005, pp. 91–92.</ref>

The [[Francis Younghusband|Younghusband]] Expedition of 1904 was another operation that brought a VC to the regiment, awarded to [[John Duncan Grant]]—no relation to Charles Grant—for his actions during the [[British expedition to Tibet]]. Braving the high altitude climes of Tibet, the expeditionary force successfully stormed the Tibetan fortress of [[Gyantse]] at 18,000 feet.<ref>Parker 2005, pp. 92–93.</ref>

===World War I===
[[World War I]] (1914–1918) testified to the enigmatic valour and heroism of the regiment during the course of combat service in [[Italy]], [[France]], [[Mesopotamia]] (present-day Iraq) and [[Egypt]]. During the fighting in France, the 2nd/8th<ref>2nd Battalion of the 8th Gurkhas.</ref> distinguished itself by fighting virtually to the last man during the Battle of Loos on 25 September 1915, hurling themselves time after time against the weight of German defences. Having mustered almost eight hundred men to begin with, by the end of the day they had a strength of just one officer and forty-nine men.<ref>Parker 2005, p. 98.</ref>

The regiment won 14 battle honours during this period:
*La Bassee, Festubert, Givenchy, Neauve Chapelle, Aubers, France and Flanders 1914–15; Egypt, Megiddo, Sharon, Palestine, Tigris, Kut-at-Amara, Baghdad, Mesopotamia 1916–18.<ref name=Parker388>Parker 2005, p. 388.</ref>

Following the war, it also participated in the [[Third Afghan War]], earning the Afghanistan 1919 battle honour.<ref>Rodger 2003, p. 208.</ref>

===Inter war years===
During the years between the two World Wars, the 8th Goorkhas were based in India, where they undertook various garrison duties, in between service on the North West Frontier.{{Citation needed|date=February 2009}} It was whilst the 2/8th was based at [[Quetta]] in the mid-1930s that a member of the Regiment would display outstanding courage, this time not during war but during peace. In 1935 a series of powerful earthquakes rocked north-west India and thousands of people were killed. The men of the 2/8th worked tirelessly in their efforts to help free many of the civilians that were caught beneath the ruins. [[Nandlal Thapa]] received the [[Empire Gallantry Medal]] (EGM) for repeatedly risking his life entering buildings that were in danger of collapsing amidst the aftershocks in order to rescue injured survivors.<ref name=Parker152>Parker 2005, p. 152.</ref> [[Chitrabahadur Gurung]] received the same medal for retrieving a British couple from deep rubble. At the time the EGM was the highest award for gallantry for actions performed not in the face of the enemy, although later when the [[George Cross]] (GC) came into being in 1940, Nandlal Thapa received the GC to replace his EGM.<ref name=Parker152/> Gurung died in 1939, so he could not get his EGM exchanged for a GC.
[[File:Gurkha Rifles, war cemetery in Krakow.jpg|thumb|The grave of a soldier of the 8th Gurkha Rifle Regiment, fighting in Africa in Al-Alamajn, he died in camp [[Stalag VIII-B]]]]

===World War II===
The regiment's battalions also saw active overseas actions in Iraq, Egypt, [[Libya]], [[Tobruk]], [[Second Battle of El Alamein|El Alamein]] and Burma during World War II where the regiment earned twenty-two [[battle honours]]. In January 1943, the 2nd Battalion was attached to the [[3rd Indian Motor Brigade]] which had just returned from the Western Desert after having been almost destroyed at the [[Battle of Gazala]].{{Cn|date=November 2020}} At the end of the month the brigade was renamed as the [[43rd Indian Infantry Brigade|43rd Indian Infantry Brigade (Lorried)]]. The brigade and its Gurkha battalions were sent to [[Italy]] in mid-1944 as an independent brigade.{{Cn|date=November 2020}} On 12 May 1945, [[Lachhiman Gurung]] was awarded the regiment's fourth VC for his actions at [[Taungdaw]], Burma.<ref>Parker 2005, p. 393.</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=37195|supp=y|page=3861|date=24 July 1945}}</ref>

The regiment's World War II battle honours include:
*Iraq 1941, North Africa 1940–43, Gothic Line, Coriano, Sant' Angelo, Gaiana Crossing, Point 551, Italy 1942–44; Tamu Road, Bishenpur, Kanglato-ngbi, Mandalay, Myinmu Bridgehead, Singhu, Shan-datgyi, Sittang, Imphal, Tanbingon, and Burma 1942–45.<ref name=Parker388/>

===Post independence===
{{Expand section|date=February 2009}}
The 8th Gurkha Rifles, along with the 1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 9th Gurkha Rifles, was transferred to India on [[independence]] in 1947.<ref>Parker 2005, p. 224.</ref> The regiment became one of the [[Gorkha regiments (India)]] when the spelling was changed for all of the transferred regiments.{{Cn|date=November 2020}}

====Kashmir operations====
Soon after partition, the 2/8 Gorkha Rifles saw action in the Leh operations of 1948. The battalion made a forced march over inhospitable terrain and reached Leh. Major Hari Chand and his company were involved in a series of raids that demoralized the Pakistani forces, this included destruction of the Pakistani mountain guns at the village of Basgo which had been brought in to consolidate the raiders hold over Leh. In this action, Major Hari Chand and four other ranks were awarded the Maha Vir Chakra (MVC) and Vir Chakra (VRC) respectively.<ref>"Siachen Glacier: Battle of Roses", Kapadia, Harish, Chapter 7</ref>

====Sino-Indian war of 1962====
One [[Param Vir Chakra]] was awarded to [[Major Dhan Singh Thapa]], of the 1/8 Gorkha Rifles, during the Sino Indian War.<ref>Cardozo, Chapter II: The Sino-Indian War 1962.</ref> To date this is the only recipient of the Param Vir Chakra for the regiment.{{Citation needed|date=September 2018}}

====Later period====
The regiment was also involved in the [[1965 war|1965]] and [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|1971 Indo-Pakistan]] conflicts during which members of the regiment were awarded 4 Maha Vir Chakras. The regiment was also actively involved in the operations in [[IPKF|Sri Lanka]] where again members of the regiment were awarded for gallantry winning one [[Maha Vir Chakra]] and four Vir Chakras.{{Cn|date=November 2020}}

In 2000, the 5/8, while performing duty in [[Sierra Leone]] was involved in [[Operation Khukri]] and played a pivotal role.

When the 1/8 became a [[Mechanised Infantry Regiment]], a further battalion was raised on July 1, 1979, and named the 7/8 Gorkha Rifles.{{Cn|date=November 2020}}

==Battalions==
*1/8 Gorkha Rifles (later became the 3rd Battalion, [[Indian Army Mechanised Infantry Regiment|Mechanised Infantry Regiment]]) (PVC Paltan)
*2/8 Gorkha Rifles (George Cross Battalion)
*3/8 Gorkha Rifles
*4/8 Gorkha Rifles ( VC Paltan )
*5/8 Gorkha Rifles (formerly the 4th Battalion, [[2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles)]])
*6/8 Gorkha Rifles
*7/8 Gorkha Rifles<ref name="iv.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.indianveterans.com/default_content.php?ssid=56 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629171959/http://www.indianveterans.com/default_content.php?ssid=56 |archive-date=29 June 2012 |title=8 Gorkha Rifles |publisher=www.indianveterans.com |access-date=1 August 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Notable officers==
[[Frederick George Lister]] of the Sylhet Ligh Infantry is considered the father of the regiment by leading it from 1828-1854. He oversaw campaigns in the Khasi Hills, Lushai Hills and annexation of the Jaintia Kingdom.<ref>{{cite book |last=Chatterjee |first=Suhas |date=2009 |title=Frontier Officers in Colonial Northeast India |location=New Delhi |publisher=Akansha Publishing |isbn=978-81-8370-168-6}}</ref>

The regiment produced the first [[Field marshal (India)|Field Marshal]] and [[Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army|Chief of Army Staff]], [[Sam Manekshaw|Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw]] MC who is incidentally the most celebrated personality of the regiment. His contribution in the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War is a legend in the military history of India's Armed Forces. In addition to Manekshaw, the Regiment has produced a number of army commanders in independent India.{{Citation needed|date=May 2017}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==References==
*{{cite book|first1= Ian |last1=Cardozo|title=Param Vir: Our Heroes in Battle|year=2003|publisher=Roli Books|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-7436-262-9|language=en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D9ymBAAAQBAJ}}
* {{cite book |last=Lunt |first=James D. |year=1994 |title=Jai Sixth!: 6th Queen Elizabeth's Own Gurkha Rifles 1817-1994 |publisher=Leo Cooper |location=London |isbn=0-85052-423-7}}
* Parker, John. (2005). ''The Gurkhas: The Inside Story of the World's Most Feared Soldiers''. Headline Book Publishing. {{ISBN|978-0-7553-1415-7}}
* {{Cite book|last=Rodger|first=Alexander|title=Battle Honours of the British Empire and Commonwealth Land Forces 1662–1991|year=2003|publisher=The Crowood Press
|location=Marlborough, Wiltshire|isbn=1-86126-637-5}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070202202726/http://bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Army/Regiments/8Gorkha.html Bharat-Rakshak]

{{Indian Army Infantry Regiments}}

[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1824]]
[[Category:Infantry regiments of the Indian Army from 1947]]
[[Category:British Indian Army infantry regiments]]
[[Category:Rifle regiments]]
[[Category:Gurkhas]]
[[Category:Military units and formations in Burma in World War II|R]]

C. I. Issac

2026-03-04T15:55:55Z

DigitalKush: put up initial details first draft

{{Short description|Indian historian }}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = C. I. Issac
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Karukachal]], [[Kerala]], India.
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| known_for =
| occupation = Historian
| alma_mater =
}}

'''C. I. Issac''' is an academic historian and social activist from Kerala, India. In 2023, he was honored with the [[Padma Shri]].<ref>{{Cite web |title= Historian C.I. Issac wins Padma award| url=
https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/historian-ci-isaac-wins-padma-award/article66433763.ece |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title= Padma shri honour for four keralites| url=
https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2023/Jan/26/padma-shri-honour-for-four-keralites-2541438.html |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=New Indian Express}}</ref>

== Life and work ==

Issac was born at Karukachal in 1962. He studied at [[NSS Hindu College, Changanassery|NSS Hindu College]], Changanassery. While still a college student he was attracted to RSS and [[Jan Sangh]] and was influenced by the RSS leader of that time, Advocate MS Karunakaran, who later became a national leader of the [[Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title= Q&A: RSS-affiliated Christian Padma awardee CI Issac on India's 'Hindu soul', St Thomas, and more | url= https://thesouthfirst.com/kerala/ci-issac-interview-with-rss-affiliated-christian-padma-shri-awardee |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=The South First}}</ref>

He was the former head of the Department of History at [[CMS College Kottayam|CMS College, Kottayam]].<ref>{{Cite web |title= Dr. C. I. Issac, former Head of the Department of History, on being conferred with the prestigious Padma Shri.| url= https://cmscollege.ac.in/dr-c-i-issac-former-head-of-the-department-of-history-on-being-conferred-with-the-prestigious-padma-shri/ |access-date=2025-03-17 |website= CMS College}}</ref>

He has been associated with the [[Sangh Parivar]] [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS) for several decades. He serves as the vice-president of the right-wing think-tank Bharatheeya Vichara Kendram and has been the vocal advocate of right-wing groups' '[[Ghar Wapsi]]' programme.<ref>{{Cite web |title= RSS identified the talents of a Christian like me: Padamshri awardee and historian Prof C I Isaac | url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/97391002.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=Times of India}}</ref>

Appointed in 2015 under the Human Resources Development Ministry, he was the only Christian representative in the [[Indian Council of Historical Research]] (ICHR). His studies or research have re-examined, challenged the historical accounts of Kerala's nationalist movements, with a focus on the Malabar revolution, ([[Moplah Rebellion]] in British colonial records) led by Variamkunnath Kunhamed Haji. As part of an ICHR sub-committee, he also contributed to a recommendation to remove 382 [[Moplah]] participants in the 1921 rebellion from the list of freedom fighters in the Dictionary of Martyrs of India’s Freedom Struggle (1857-1947).<ref>{{Cite web |title= Malabar rebellion leaders' exclusion from ICHR book triggers controversy | url= https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2021/Aug/24/malabar-rebellion-leaders-exclusionfrom-ichr-book-triggers-controversy-2348842.html|access-date=2025-03-17 |website=New Indian Express}}</ref>

Under the leadership of Issac, the high-level committee for social sciences, formed by the [[National Council of Educational Research and Training]] (NCERT) recommended the integration of the Indian Knowledge System (IKS) into the syllabus for all subjects and the inclusion of ‘classical history’ instead of ‘ancient history’ in the curriculum.<ref>{{Cite web |title= NCERT panel approves proposal to replace India with Bharat in textbooks | url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ncert-panel-to-replace-india-with-bharat-in-books/articleshow/104693826.cms |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title= India is only a 150-year-old name| url= https://www.rediff.com/news/interview/c-i-issac-india-is-only-a-150-year-old-name/20231107.htm|access-date=2025-03-17 |website=Rediff}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title= NCERT committee recommends 'Bharat' over 'India' in school textbooks | url= https://www.financialexpress.com/jobs-career/education-ncert-committee-recommends-bharat-over-india-in-school-textbooks-3286255 |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=Financial Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title= NCERT books to have 'Bharat', instead of 'India', proposal accepted, says panel member| url= https://www.businesstoday.in/education/story/ncert-books-to-have-bharat-instead-of-india-proposal-accepted-says-panel-member-403205-2023-10-25 |access-date=2025-03-17 |website= Business Today}}</ref>

== Books ==

He has authored over 10 books. Some of his books include the following:

* The Evolution of Christian Church in India, ISBN 978 81 7255 056 1 2014, Soorygatha Publishers, PB No 3517, Kochi 682 035
* Indocentric vs. Eurocentric Approaches in Indian National History

== See also ==

* [[List of Padma Shri award recipients (2020–2029)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Issac, C I}}
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:People from Kerala]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature and education]]

Do Ankhen Barah Haath

2026-03-04T04:05:36Z

DigitalKush: put up a entry initial version

{{distinguish|text=the 1997 film [[Do Ankhen Barah Hath]]}}
{{short description|1957 film by V. Shantaram}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Do Ankhen Barah Haath
| image = Do Aankhen Barah Haath (1957).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[V. Shantaram]]
| producer = V. Shantaram
| writer = [[G. D. Madgulkar]]
| story = G. D. Madgulkar
| narrator =
| starring = V. Shantaram [[Sandhya Shantaram|Sandhya]]
| music = [[Vasant Desai]]
| cinematography = G. Balkrishna
| editing = Chintamani Borkar
| studio = [[Rajkamal Kalamandir]]
| distributor = Rajkamal Kalamandir
| released = {{Film date|1957|||df=yes}}
| runtime = 143 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
}}
'''''Do Ankhen Barah Haath''''' ({{translation|Two Eyes, Twelve Hands}}) is a 1957 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[drama]] film directed by [[V. Shantaram]], who also starred. It is considered to be one of the classics of Hindi cinema and is based on [[humanistic psychology]]. It won a Silver Bear at the [[8th Berlin International Film Festival]] and a [[16th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globe Award]] in the ''Samuel Goldwyn International Film Award for best film produced outside of the United States'' category.<ref name=Goldwyn>{{Cite news|url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article103094302|title=International Award For Indian Film|date=1959-03-14|work=Canberra Times (ACT : 1926–1995)|access-date=2018-08-07|pages=11}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.archive.org/stream/variety214-1959-03#page/n70/mode/1up|title=Foreign Press Assn. 'Globes'|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=March 8, 1959|page=7|access-date=June 22, 2019|via=[[Archive.org]]}}</ref> The film is also remembered for the song "Aye Maalik Tere Bande Hum", sung by [[Lata Mangeshkar]] and written by [[Bharat Vyas]].

The inspiration for this movie was a real experiment conducted by [[Maurice Frydman]], who refused to have his name credited at the end of the film. He went so far as to tell the movie maker, V Shantaram, that he would sue him in court if his name were to appear anywhere in the credits. This incident is related in an interview of David Godman, who talks about Maurice Frydman's extraordinary life and connection to India.<ref>{{cite web | title = Maurice Frydman's close encounter with Bollywood |website = [[YouTube]]| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uyC3yBRsBt8&t=1812s}}</ref>

The film was inspired by the story of an "[[open prison]]" experiment: [[Swatantrapur]] in the princely state of [[Aundh State|Aundh]] near [[Satara (city)|Satara]]. Now, Swatantrapur is part of [[Atpadi]] tehsil in [[Sangli]] district of Maharashtra. It was recounted by screenwriter [[Gajanan Digambar Madgulkar|G. D. Madgulkar]] to V. Shantaram.<ref>{{cite web | title = 50 years of a Shantaram classic | url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/50-years-of-a-Shantaram-classic/articleshow/2033356.cms |author=Ambarish Mishra|date=28 Sep 2006| access-date = 2014-09-22 | work = The Times of India}}</ref> In 2005, ''Indiatimes Movies'' ranked the movie amongst the ''Top 25 Must See Bollywood Films''.<ref>[http://movies.indiatimes.com/Special_Features/25_Must_See_Bollywood_Movies/articleshow/msid-1250837,curpg-22.cms 25 Must See Bollywood Films] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015034930/http://movies.indiatimes.com/Special_Features/25_Must_See_Bollywood_Movies/articleshow/msid-1250837,curpg-22.cms |date=15 October 2007 }} indiatimes.com.</ref> During filming, V. Shantaram fought with a bull and injured an eye, but his eyesight survived.<ref>[https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/sep/23dinesh.htm Classics Revisited – Do Aankhen Barah Haath] ''[[Rediff.com]]''.</ref> The film was later remade in 1975 as the [[Tamil language]] film ''[[Pallandu Vazhga]]'', in 1976 as the [[Telugu language]] film ''[[Maa Daivam]]'', and in 2023 as the [[Malayalam language]] film ''[[Jailer (2023 Malayalam film)|Jailer]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hans/2014-03-23/V-Shantsrsm-silver-screens-shining-focus/89926|title=V Shantaram: Silver screen's shining focus|date=23 March 2014}}</ref> The core plot line is thematically similar to the 1952 movie ''[[My Six Convicts]]''.

== Plot ==
The film portrays a young [[prison warden|jail warden]] Adinath, who rehabilitates six dangerous prisoners released on [[parole]] to persons of virtue.

He takes these notorious, often surly murderers and makes them work hard with him on a dilapidated country farm, rehabilitating them through hard work and kind guidance as they eventually produce a great harvest.

The film ends with the death of the warden at the hands of the oxen of a corrupt enemy who wants no competition in the profitable market he controls.

The film takes the viewers through several scenes that set a strong moral lesson that through hard work, dedication and concentration a person can accomplish anything. It also explains that if people focus their energy on a worthy cause, success is guaranteed. In the final scene, all six thieves became hardworking persons and decided to live at that hut where they learn all things because they think the two eyes of Adinath are observing them whether they are doing good things or bad and they raise their hands to salute the positive energy of Adinath and film ends with the song sung by Champa and one of the favourite songs of Adinath, "Aye Maalik Tere Bande Hum".

==Promotion==
Noted painter [[G. Kamble]] was hired by Shantaram to paint the movie posters. Kamble produced a 350-ft banner at Bombay's Opera House in 1957.<ref>{{cite news |title=Film Heritage Foundation Profile-A |url=https://www.facebook.com/filmheritagefoundation/posts/2766510253635894 |access-date=23 July 2020 |work=Film Heritage Foundation |date=May 12, 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Devraj |first1=Rajesh |last2=Bouman |first2=Edo |last3=Duncan |first3=Paul |title=The Art of Bollywood |date=2010 |publisher=Taschen |isbn=978-3-8228-3717-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u12cQQAACAAJ |access-date=23 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[V. Shantaram]] as Adinath
* [[Sandhya Shantaram|Sandhya]] as Champa
* [[Baburao Pendharkar]] as Superintendent
* [[Ulhas (actor)|Ulhas]] as Shanker Passi
* [[B. M. Vyas]] as Jalia Nai

== Soundtrack ==
{|class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer
![[Raga]]
|-
| "Ae Malik Tere Bande Hum"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|[[Bhairav (raga)]]
|-
| "Main Gaun, Tu Chup Ho Ja"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|
|-
| "Saiyan Jhuthon Ka Bada"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|
|-
| "Tak Tak Dhum Dhum"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|
|-
| "Umad Ghumadkar Aayi Re Ghata, Kare Kare Badra Ki Chhayi Re Ghata"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Manna Dey]]
|[[Megh Malhar]]
|-
|}

== Awards ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Category !! Cast/Crew member !! Status
|-
| colspan="4" |
* '''[[National Film Awards]]'''<ref name="5thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/5th_nff.pdf|title=5th National Film Awards|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|access-date=2 September 2011}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|[[5th National Film Awards|1957]] || [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film|Best Feature Film]] || V. Shantaram || {{won}}
|-
|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi|Best Feature Film in Hindi]] || V. Shantaram || {{won}}
|-
| colspan="4" |
* '''[[Berlin International Film Festival]]'''<ref name=IMDB-Award>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0050322/awards Awards] ''[[Internet Movie Database]]''.</ref>
|-
|[[8th Berlin International Film Festival|1958]] || [[Silver Bear]] Extraordinary Prize of the Jury<ref name="Madhura Pandit's biography focuses more on her father and filmmaker-actor V. Shantaram's work than his personal life">{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/books/story/20150921-its-strictly-professional-v-shantaram-820415-2015-09-09|title=Madhura Pandit's biography focuses more on her father and filmmaker-actor V. Shantaram's work than his personal life}}</ref> || V. Shantaram || {{won}}
|-
| colspan="4" |
* '''[[Golden Globe Awards]]'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goldenglobes.com/film/two-eyes-twelve-hands|title=Do Ankhen Barah Haath (Two Eyes, Twelve Hands)|access-date=19 March 2017|archive-date=20 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320051924/http://www.goldenglobes.com/film/two-eyes-twelve-hands|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[16th Golden Globe Awards|1959]]
|Samuel Goldwyn International Film Award<ref name=Goldwyn/>
|V. Shantaram
|{{won}}
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Indian winners and nominees of the Golden Globe Awards]]
* ''[[My Six Convicts]]'' (autobiographical story of Donald Powell Wilson)
* ''[[The Dirty Dozen]]''

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=0050322}}

{{NationalFilmAwardBestFeatureFilm}}
{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Hindi}}
{{V. Shantaram}}

[[Category:1957 films]]
[[Category:1957 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1957 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian epic films]]
[[Category:Indian prison films]]
[[Category:Films directed by V. Shantaram]]
[[Category:Best Feature Film National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vasant Desai]]
[[Category:Hindi films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:1957 drama films]]
[[Category:Golden Globe Award winners]]
[[Category:Best Hindi Feature Film National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]

Mrs. Sen

2026-03-04T00:25:38Z

DigitalKush: adding a pg from scratch

{{more citations needed|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mrs. Sen
| image = Mrs. Sen poster.jpg

| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name =
| director = [[Agnidev Chatterjee]]
| producer = Pankaj Agarwal
| writer =
| screenplay = Sudipa Mukherjee
| story = Agnidev Chatterjee
| based_on = 
| narrator =
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| music = [[Indraadip Dasgupta]]
| cinematography = [[Sirsha Ray]]
| editing = Santanu Mukherjee
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|6|7|Kolkata}}
| runtime =
| country = [[India]]
| language = Bengali
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Mrs. Sen''''' is a 2013 [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali film]] directed by [[Agnidev Chatterjee]] and produced by Pankaj Agarwal. It features actors [[Rituparna Sengupta]] and [[Rohit Roy]] in the lead roles. [[Indradeep Dasgupta]] composed the music for the film. The film was released on 6 June 2013.<ref name="main details">{{cite web|title=Mrs. Sen (2013)|url=http://www.gomolo.com/mrs.-sen-movie-cast-crew/45136|publisher=Gomolo|accessdate=3 September 2013}}</ref><ref name=cast>{{cite web|title=Mrs. Sen cast and crew|url=http://www.gomolo.com/mrs.-sen-movie-cast-crew/45136|publisher=Gomolo|accessdate=3 September 2013}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The film begins with the scenic beauty of the [[Himalayas]], and in the backdrop Anuradha ([[Rituparna Sengupta]]) was reading out letters to her never-to-be-born child. Then, a sudden telephone ring breaks the silence of an early December morning. Anuradha received the call and is stupefied upon hearing the voice from the other side of the telephone, which stated that her husband, Somnath ([[Rohit Roy]]) had been the victim of a deadly accident in [[Thailand]] and was currently in [[coma]] stage. Anuradha realised that she has to catch the very next flight as soon as possible and get to her husband, who was admitted to a hospital.

Anuradha and Somnath were married for seven years, and were leading a happy life without any problems. Anuradha, who was desiring to be a mother, was told by her husband that due to some problems, he could not impregnate her. Somnath was able to settle disputes with Anuradha after a long try. Anuradha, who passed from a Bengali Medium school, had never been abroad. She had just received a passport to go to [[Dubai]] with her husband, the next January.

As Anuradha reaches Thailand, she comes across the fact that her husband has a wife and a child there. In fact, Somnath's other wife, Sohini ([[Hrishita Bhatt]]), was also in the car during the accident. But even before she can think and determine anything, she was given the task of looking after Somnath's 8-year-old boy and Sohini's brother ([[Subhasish Mukhopadhyay]]). Anuradha is perplexed as she couldn't decide whether to love or hate the innocent child. Later, when Sohini becomes conscious again, she too comes across the fact behind Anuradha's existence. She didn't want to believe the fact at once, but later, she faces the truth. On the other hand, Anuradha gets into a dilemma about whom to hate- her husband, for cheating her, or Sohini. Sohini is soon released from the hospital, though she was not totally recovered. A peculiar situation prevailed over the Sen family, where Sohini and Anuradha tried their best to make their place in the family. After a few days, the news of Somnath's death in the hospital reaches the two women. The events which occur next after the only connection between the two women was gone, form the climax of the story.

== Cast ==
* [[Rituparna Sengupta]] as Anuradha
* [[Rohit Roy]] as Somnath
* [[Hrishita Bhatt]] as Sohini
* [[Priyangshu Chowdhury]] as Rishabh
* [[Shankar Chakraborty]] as Anuradha's brother
* [[Biplab Chatterjee]] as Somnath's father
* [[Anusuya Majumdar]] as Somnath's mother
* [[Subhasish Mukhopadhyay]] as Sohini's brother
* Rupsa Guha as Indian Embassy Employee
* Pulokita Ghosh as Indian Embassy Employee
* [[Ushasie Chakraborty]] in a cameo appearance

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Mrs. Sen
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Indraadip Dasgupta]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2013
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=59|s=7}}
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Mistake (2013 film)|Mistake]]
| prev_year = 2013
| next_title = [[Proloy (film)|Proloy]]
| next_year = 2013
}}
Soundtrack of ''Mrs. Sen'' has been composed by [[Indraadip Dasgupta]]. Lyrics are penned by [[Indraadip Dasgupta]] and [[Srijato]]. The track-list includes three [[Rabindra Sangeet]]s.<ref name=music>{{cite web|title=Mrs. Sen songs|url=http://www.gomolo.com/mrs.-sen-movie-songs/45136|publisher=Gomolo|accessdate=3 September 2013}}</ref><ref name=saavn>{{cite web|title=Mrs. Sen Bengali Album|url=http://www.saavn.com/s/#!/s/album/bengali/Mrs._Sen-2013/taSsL0X-MEo_|publisher=[[Saavn]]|accessdate=3 September 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921175103/http://www.saavn.com/s/#!/s/album/bengali/Mrs._Sen-2013/taSsL0X-MEo_|archivedate=21 September 2013}}</ref>

=== Track listing ===
{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 59:07
| title1 = Chupi Chupi (Version 1)
| lyrics1 = Indraadip Dasgupta
| music1 = [[Indraadip Dasgupta]]
| extra1 = [[Arijit Singh]]
| length1 = 6:26
| title2 = Chupi Chupi (Version 2)
| lyrics2 = Indraadip Dasgupta
| music2 = Indraadip Dasgupta
| extra2 = [[Rupankar Bagchi]]
| length2 = 6:52
| title3 = Chupi Chupi (Version 3)
| lyrics3 = Indraadip Dasgupta
| music3 = Indraadip Dasgupta
| extra3 = [[Subhamita Banerjee]]
| length3 = 6:06
| title4 = Ghar Aaja (Part 1)
| lyrics4 = [[Srijato]]
| music4 = Indraadip Dasgupta
| extra4 = Arijit Singh
| length4 = 7:56
| title5 = Amar Khela Jakhon Chilo
| lyrics5 = [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
| music5 = Rabindranath Tagore
| extra5 = [[Srabani Sen]]
| length5 = 6:04
| title6 = Tumi Chere Chiley (Female Version)
| lyrics6 = Rabindranath Tagore
| music6 = Rabindranath Tagore
| extra6 = [[Jayati Chakraborty]]
| length6 = 5:57
| title7 = Tobu Mone Rekho
| lyrics7 = Rabindranath Tagore
| music7 = Rabindranath Tagore
| extra7 = Srabani Sen
| length7 = 5:52
| title8 = Tumi Chere Chiley (Male Version)
| lyrics8 = Rabindranath Tagore
| music8 = Rabindranath Tagore
| extra8 = Partho Banerjee
| length8 = 5:58
| title9 = Ghar Aaja (Part 2)
| lyrics9 = [[Srijato]]
| music9 = Indraadip Dasgupta
| extra9 = Arijit Singh
| length9 = 7:56
| all_writing =
| title10 =
| length10 =
}}

== See also ==
* ''[[Aparajita Tumi]]''
* ''[[Biwi No.1]]''

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|2761844}}

[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2013 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Agnidev Chatterjee]]
[[Category:Films scored by Indradeep Dasgupta]]

Jag Biti

2026-03-03T23:14:19Z

DigitalKush: quick expanded formatting per standard format

{{short description|1946 film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name =Jag Biti
| image =

| caption =
| director = M. Sadiq
| producer =
| writer =
| narrator =
| starring =
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1946}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}

'''''Jag Biti''''' is a [[Bollywood]] [[film]]. It was released in [[Bollywood films of 1946|1946]].<ref name=gomolo>{{cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/|publisher=Gomolo.com|access-date=1 February 2026|title=Jag Biti (1946 film)|archive-date=14 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814141558/http://www.gomolo.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen1999">{{cite book|last1=Rajadhyaksha|first1=Ashish|last2=Willemen|first2=Paul|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian cinema|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofi0000raja|url-access=registration|year=1999|publisher=British Film Institute|isbn=9780851706696}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id =0267611 |title =Jag Biti }}

[[Category:1946 films]]
[[Category:1946 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1946 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Films directed by M. Sadiq]]

{{1940s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Sakshal Sreeman Chathunni

2026-03-03T21:27:11Z

DigitalKush: minor edit

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sakshal Sreeman Chathunni
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[Anil–Babu]]
| producer = Koshi Palamuttam Majeed
| writer = [[Kaloor Dennis]]
| starring = {{ubl|[[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]]|[[Jagadish]]|[[Baiju Santhosh]]|[[Maathu]]|[[Jagathy Sreekumar]]}}
| music = Rajamani
| cinematography = Sanjeev Sankar
| editing = P. C. Mohanan
| studio = Universal Cinema
| distributor = United Movie Enterprises
| released = {{Film date|1993||}}
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''Sakshal Sreeman Chathunni''''' ({{Translation|The Real Mister Chathunni|lang=ml}}) is a 1993 Indian [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]]-language comedy fantasy drama film directed by [[Anil–Babu]] and written by Kaloor Dennis, starring [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]], [[Jagadish]] and [[Baiju Santhosh]].

==Plot==
{{More plot|date=August 2020}}
The plot follows two friends Unnikrishnan and Dasan accidentally meeting a genie named Chathunni and the adventures involving the trio and the problems occurring around them.

==Cast==
* [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]] as Chathunni / Chathunni Mash<ref name="toi">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/filmyfriday-sakshal-sreeman-chathunni-a-friend-extraordinaire/articleshow/88903421.cms|title=#FilmyFriday: Sakshal Sreeman Chathunni: A friend extraordinaire|website=[[The Times of India]]|last=Rajan|first=Silpa|date=14 January 2022|access-date=5 April 2022}}</ref>
* [[Jagadish]] as Unnikrishnan / Unni<ref name="toi"/>
* [[Baiju Santhosh]] as Dasan, Unni's Friend<ref name="toi"/>
* [[Maathu]] as Maya Rajagopal, Unni's Love Interest
* [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Pathalam Bhairavan, Unni and Dasan's Friend
* [[K. P. A. C. Lalitha]] as Pankajam, Unni's Aunt <ref name="toi"/>
* [[Sukumari]] as Bhavani, Unni's Mother<ref name="toi"/>
* [[Shammi Thilakan]] as Vikraman, Maya's Ex-Fiancé
* [[K. P. A. C. Sunny]] as Rajagopal, Maya's Father
* P. C. George as Keshava Panicker, Vikraman's Father
* [[Krishnankutty Nair]] as Karikkassery Sankunni Nair, Unni's Father<ref name="toi"/>
* [[Kundara Johny]] as Bhargavan, Pankajam's Younger Brother
* [[Zainuddin (actor)|Zainuddin]] as Gopalan, Pankajam's Youngest Brother
* [[M. S. Thripunithura]] as Parameswaran Nair<ref name="toi"/>
* [[Kalpana (Malayalam actress)|Kalpana]] as Reshmi Nair
* [[Harisree Ashokan]] as Bhaskaran
* [[Paravoor Bharathan]] as House Owner
* [[T. P. Madhavan]] as Blade Kaimal
* [[Kunchan (actor)|Kunchan]] as Ravuji
* [[N. Govindankutty]] as Aazhvancheri Illathu Theekran Namboothiri
* [[Narayanankutty]] as Thief
* [[Bobby Kottarakkara]] as Police Constable
* Rashid as Gabbar Singh
* Kavitha Thambi as Sreedevi, Unni's Sister
* [[Silk Smitha]] as Herself (Special appearance in song)
* Shilpa Punnoose

==Soundtrack==
The songs were penned by [[Bichu Thirumala]] and the music was composed by Rajamani.

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Jimba Jimba
| lyrics1 = Bichu Thirumala
| music1 = Rajamani
| extra1 = Minmini, C.O. Anto & Chorus
| title2 = Paattu Paadava
| lyrics2 = Bichu Thirumala
| music2 = Rajamani
| extra2 = Malgudi Subha & Chorus
| title_width = Jimba Jimba
| music_width = Rajamani
| lyrics_width = Bichu Thirumala
}}

==Reception==
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "The adventures of Unnikrishnan and Dasan along with their friend extraordinaire - Chathunni is amusing".<ref name="toi"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0354052}}

[[Category:1993 films]]
[[Category:1993 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy comedy films]]

{{1990s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Tagaru Palya

2026-03-03T12:11:17Z

DigitalKush: put up basic article needs work

{{Short description|2023 Kannada-language film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Tagaru Palya.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Umesh K. Krupa
| writer = Umesh K. Krupa
| producer = [[Dhananjaya (actor)|Dhananjaya]]
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*[[Nagabhushana]]
*Amrutha Prem
* [[Rangayana Raghu]]
}}
| cinematography = S. K. Rao
| editing = Madhu Thumbakere
| music = [[Vasuki Vaibhav]]
| studio = Daali Pictures
| distributor = [[KRG Studios]]
| released = {{Film date|2023|10|27|df=yes|ref1=<ref>{{cite news|date=21 October 2023|title='ಡಾಲಿ' ಧನಂಂಜಯ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ, ಉಮೇಶ್ ಕೆ ಕೃಪ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನದ 'ಟಗರು ಪಲ್ಯ' ಸಿನಿಮಾವು ಇದೇ ಅಕ್ಟೋಬರ್ 27ರಂದು ತೆರೆಗೆ ಬರುತ್ತಿದೆ|newspaper=Vijaya Karnataka|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/vk-gallery/cinema/daali-dhananjay-and-tara-anuradha-meet-cm-siddaramaiah-and-invite-to-tagaru-palya-movie-premiere-show/photoshow/104611130.cms|accessdate=21 October 2023}}</ref>}}
| language = Kannada
| runtime = 130 minutes
}}

'''''Tagaru Palya''''' is a 2023 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[comedy drama film]] directed by debutant Umesh K. Krupa and produced by [[Dhananjaya (actor)|Dhananjaya]]. The film stars [[Nagabhushana]], Debutant Amrutha Prem, [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]], [[Sharath Lohithaswa]] and [[Rangayana Raghu]]. The music is composed by [[Vasuki Vaibhav]] while the cinematography and editing are handled by S.K. Rao and Madhu Thumbakere.<ref>{{Cite web |title='7-Star Sultan has delivered a standout performance in Tagaru Palya’: Umesh K Krupa |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2023/oct/23/7-star-sultan-has-delivered-a-standout-performance-in-tagaru-palyaumesh-k-krupa-2626360.html |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=23 November 2022|title=ನಟ ಡಾಲಿ ಧನಂಜಯ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ 'ಟಗರು ಪಲ್ಯ' ಸಿನಿಮಾಗೆ ಇಕ್ಕಟ್ ಖ್ಯಾತಿಯ ನಾಗಭೂಷಣ್ ನಾಯಕ|newspaper=Kannada Prabha|url=https://www.kannadaprabha.com/cinema/news/2022/nov/23/nagabhushana-to-headline-dhananjays-upcoming-production-tagaru-palya-481318.html|accessdate=24 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=28 November 2022|title=ಸ್ಯಾಂಡಲ್ ವುಡ್ ಗೆ 'ನೆನಪಿರಲಿ' ಪ್ರೇಮ್ ಪುತ್ರಿ ಅಮೃತಾ ಎಂಟ್ರಿ; ಡಾಲಿ ಧನಂಜಯ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ 'ಟಗರು ಪಲ್ಯ' ಚಿತ್ರಕ್ಕೆ ನಾಯಕಿ!|newspaper=Kannada Prabha|url=https://www.kannadaprabha.com/cinema/news/2022/nov/28/prems-daughter-amrutha-to-debut-with-tagaru-palya-481633.html|accessdate=24 September 2023}}</ref>

''Tagaru Palya'' was released on 27 October 2023 to positive reviews from critics.

== Premise ==
Paandappa alias Paandu is a villager living in [[Mandya district|Mandya]] who finds a match for his daughter Jyothi and decides to sacrifice a male sheep to celebrate the development. Things turn chaotic when the sheep refuses to cooperate and a bunch of surprising events takes place which forms the crux of the story.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Nagabhushana]] as Chikka
* Amrutha Prem as Jyothi
* [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]] as Shantha
* [[Sharath Lohithaswa]] as Pandappa's brother
* [[Chandrakala Mohan]] as Pandappa's sister-in-law
* [[Rangayana Raghu]] as Pandappa aka Pandu
* [[Vasuki Vaibhav]] as Karthik, the groom
* [[Chitra Shenoy]] as Karthik's mother
* [[Vaijanath Biradar]] as Dhoddappa
* Ravi Hunsur as Tammadappa
* [[Poornachandra Mysore]] in a special appearance
* Yasha Shivkumar in a special appearance
}}

== Production ==
[[Principal photography]] took place in [[Mandya]] with Umesha K. Krupa and [[Dhananjaya (actor)|Dhananjaya]].<ref>{{cite news|date=30 November 2022|title=Tagaru Palya : ಸೆಟ್ಟೇರಿತು ಡಾಲಿ ಪಿಕ್ಚರ್ಸ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಮೂರನೇ ಸಿನಿಮಾ|url=https://zeenews.india.com/kannada/entertainment/tagaru-palya-shooting-has-starts-from-the-first-week-of-december-104841|accessdate=24 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2 June 2023|title=ಶೂಟಿಂಗ್ ಮುಗಿಸಿದ 'ಟಗರು ಪಲ್ಯ': ಪೋಸ್ಟ್ ಪ್ರೊಡಕ್ಷನ್ ನತ್ತ ಡಾಲಿ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಚಿತ್ರ|newspaper=Udayavani|url=https://m.udayavani.com/article/tagaru-palya-shooting-completes/1482775|accessdate=24 September 2023}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Vasuki Vaibhav]] and lyrics were written by [[Dhananjaya (actor)|Dhananjaya]].
{{Infobox album
| name = Tagaru Palya
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Vasuki Vaibhav]]
| alt =
| released = 2023
| recorded = 2023
| venue =
| studio = Daaali Pictures
| genre = Soundtrack
| length =
| label = Daali Pictures
| producer = [[Dhananjaya (actor)|Dhananjaya]]
| misc =
{{Singles
| name = Tagaru Palya
| type = soundtrack
| single1 = Tagaru Palya title track
| single1date = 17 August 2023
| single2 = Suryakanthi
| single2date = 14 September 2023
}}
}}

{{tracklist
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Tagaru Palya Title Track
| lyrics1 =
| extra1 = [[Vijay Prakash]], Jogila Siddaraju (Chorus: Kalyan Manjunath, Bharath Naik, Darshan Narayan,Vasuki Vaibhav, Gokul Abhishek)
| length1 = 3:23
| title2 = Suryakanthi
| lyrics2 =
| extra2 = Madhuri Seshadri
| length2 = 3:17
| title3 = Nondkobyaadve
| extra3 = Vasuki Vaubhav, [[Chaithra J Achar]]
| length3 = 3:32
}}

== Release ==
===Marketing===
The first look of the film was released on 07 August 2023. The title track was released coinciding actor [[Nagabhushana]]'s birthday on 17 August 2023, while the trailer was released by [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]] on 18 October 2023 in [[Bangalore]]. The film team also invited [[Chief minister (India)|CM]] [[Siddaramaiah]] for the film's premiere.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-05 |title=Kannada Actor Nagabhushana’s Tagaru Palya First Look To Be Out On August 7 |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/kannada-actor-nagabhushanas-tagaru-palya-first-look-to-be-out-on-august-7-8513071.html |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='ಟಗರು ಪಲ್ಯ ಸಿನಿಮಾ ವೀಕ್ಷಿಸಿ...' ಅಂತ ಸಿಎಂ ಸಿದ್ದರಾಮಯ್ಯಗೆ 'ಡಾಲಿ' ಧನಂಜಯ್ ಆಹ್ವಾನ |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/vk-gallery/cinema/daali-dhananjay-and-tara-anuradha-meet-cm-siddaramaiah-and-invite-to-tagaru-palya-movie-premiere-show/photoshow/104611130.cms |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=Vijay Karnataka |language=kn}}</ref>

=== Theatrical ===
Initially slated for release on 1 November 2023 coinciding [[Karnataka Rajyotsava]], the film was preponed to hit the theatres on 27 October 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-12 |title=Dhananjaya Announces Release Date Of His Third Production Tagaru Palya |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/dhananjaya-announces-release-date-of-his-third-production-tagaru-palya-8534079.html |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nagabhushana, Daali Dhananjaya's Tagaru Palya gets a new release date |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/nagabhushana-daali-dhananjayas-tagaru-palya-gets-a-new-release-date/600f99a96d115 |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
=== Critical response ===
''Tagaru Palya'' received positive reviews from critics with praise for its plot, cast performances, technical aspects and cinematography.

Pranati A S of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' gave 4/5 stars and wrote "The comedy is loud but keeps one enthralled throughout. Extra marks to Vasuki Vaibhav for playing a city IT boy — although exaggerated, it sends you on an unapologetic laughing riot."<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Pranati A. |title=Tagaru Palya movie review: Rip-roaring comedy from Dhananjaya's stable |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/rip-roaring-comedy-from-dhananjayas-stable-2745557 |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> Harish Basavarajaiah of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3.5/5 stars and wrote "Tagarupalya has all the right ingredients and can be savoured by the family audience too! What more? It also takes you on a nostalgic trip to your native village."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/tagaru-palya/movie-review/104742442.cms|title=Tagaru Palya Movie Review: Tagarupalya Review: A Good Blend Of Exotic Quirkiness And Rural Realism|website=The Times of India}}</ref> Y. Maheswara Reddy of ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' gave 3.5/5 stars, describe the film as "Family Drama" and praised the film for "featuring a diverse range of characters who provide ample comic relief."<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 28, 2023 |first=Y Maheswara |last=Reddy |title=Tagaru Palya Movie Review: Family drama |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/tagaru-palya-movie-review-family-drama/articleshow/104765257.cms |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=Bangalore Mirror |language=en}}</ref>

Shashiprasad S. M. of ''The South First'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "Tagaru Palya is fresh and unique for its content and can be happily watched with your family members, including children."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/tagaru-palya-movie-review/|title=Tagaru Palya review: Will make you ‘nod your head’ for its value-added humour|website=The South First}}</ref> Vivek. M. V. of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "Despite natural performances from Nagabhushana and Tara, ''Tagaru Palya'' is wrecked by a generic approach from director Umesh K Krupa."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tagaru-palya-movie-review-an-old-fashioned-village-drama-with-a-few-laughs/article67465505.ece|title=‘Tagaru Palya’ movie review: An old-fashioned village drama with a few laughs|website=The Hindu}}</ref> Subha. J. Rao of ''[[The News Minute]]'' termed it as "a delicious rural drama filled with realistic characters."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/tagaru-palya-review-a-delicious-rural-drama-filled-with-realistic-characters|title=Tagaru Palya review: A delicious rural drama filled with realistic characters|website=The News Minute}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2023 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]

Jagatsinhji

2026-03-01T20:25:48Z

DigitalKush: created some post w/ refs

{{short description|Maharana of Danta (1800–1823)}}
{{infobox royalty
| title = [[Maharana]]
| succession = [[Maharana]] of [[Danta State|Danta]]
| reign = {{circa|1800}} – {{circa|1823}}
| predecessor = [[Mansinhji]]
| successor = [[Naharsinhji]]
| death_date = {{circa|1860}}
| father = [[Abhaisinhji]]
| dynasty = [[Parmar (clan)|Parmar]]
}}
'''Jagatsinhji''' was the [[Maharana]] of [[Danta State|Danta]] from 1800 until 1823.

== Biography ==
Jagatsinhji was born to [[Abhaisinhji]], and upon the death of his brother [[Mansinhji]] in 1800, he succeeded him on the throne of [[Danta State|Danta]] as the [[Maharana]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Soszynski |first=Henry |title=DANTA |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/d/danta.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803184937/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/d/danta.html |archive-date=2017-08-03 |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=members.iinet.net.au}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Mehta |first=Manu Nandshankar |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.48807 |title=Hind Rajasthan |date=1896 |pages=93}}</ref> He was a strong ruler who dealt with [[Bhil]] cattle thieves and enforced his authority across several villages by exacting [[tribute]] from them.<ref name=":0" /> During his reign, he did not get along with his nobles.<ref name=":0" /> The [[Nawab]] of [[Palanpur State|Palanpur]] helped him to settle his dispute with his vassal Vakhtoji Jitoji quietly.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Later, in another dispute between him and one of his vassals, he granted a seven-sixteenths share of [[Danta State|Danta]] to the [[Nawab]] of [[Palanpur State|Palanpur]], on the condition that the latter ruler help him maintain order in [[Danta State|Danta]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> He also did not get along with his brother, [[Naharsinhji]], which led the nobles of the state to intervene between the two.<ref name=":0" /> The nobles managed to reconcile the two brothers by having them partake in the ceremony of Kasumba.<ref name=":0" /><ref group=Note name=Note01/> The friendly relationship between them did not last long, as his advisors turned him against his brother.<ref name=":0" /> He had no son to succeed him, so he asked his brother, [[Naharsinhji]], whether he might adopt one of his sons.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> [[Naharsinhji]] refused, saying that he would not do obeisance at his own son's feet.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Afterwards, suspecting that [[Naharsinhji]] might harm him, he fled his state and lived in self imposed exile at [[Nava Sudasana|Sudasana]] and [[Pethapur State|Pethapur]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Naharsinhji]] eventually managed to calm him and brought him back to Danta.<ref name=":0" />

He died in 1823 of [[fever]] and was succeeded by his brother [[Naharsinhji]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Campbell |first=James MacNabb |url=http://archive.org/details/cu31924070623537 |title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency |date=1883 |publisher=Bombay : Gov. Central Press |others=Cornell University Library |pages=416}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Master |first=Framroz Sorabji |url=http://archive.org/details/mahikanthadirect00mast |title=The Mahi Kantha directory |date=1922 |publisher=Rajkot : [s.n.] |others=University of California Libraries |pages=159–160}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=Note|refs=
<ref name=Note01>Kasumba, or opium drinking, was a ritual that was prevalent among [[Rajput]]s. On occasions when a quarrel between two parties was settled, they would drink opium-water to rejoice, and as a mark that the cause of the offence had been forgotten by the parties.</ref>
}}

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:1823 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:People from Bombay Presidency]]
[[Category:People from Gujarat]]

2005 Kashmir earthquake

2026-02-26T10:39:12Z

DigitalKush: improve details and corrected details for accuracy

{{Short description|Earthquake in South Asia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox earthquake
| name = 2005 Kashmir earthquake
| timestamp = 2005-10-08 03:50:40
| anss-url = usp000e12e
| isc-event = 7703077
| image = {{multiple image|border=infobox|perrow=2/2/2|total_width=250
| image1= Destroyed building in Muzaffarabad after the earthquake (2005).jpg
| alt1=
| image2= US Navy 051021-F-9085B-053 Pakistani soldiers unload disaster relief supplies from a U.S. Navy MH-53 Sea Dragon helicopter at Balakot, Pakistan.jpg
| alt2=
| image3= US Navy 051121-F-2729L-001 Pakistani children play with a toy helicopter at Jabba Farm Tent Village in Shinkiari, Pakistan.jpg
| alt3=
| image4= US Navy 051119-M-7747B-002 U.S. Navy Hospitalman Timothy P. Granger holds a three-year-old Pakistani boy during a medical evacuation.jpg
| alt4=
| image5= US Navy 051012-N-8796S-241 A U.S. Army aircrew member sits in the ramp of a CH-47 Chinook helicopter as a UH-60 Blackhawk helicopter takes off below after dropping off emergency aid to the remote Pakistani village of Rawalakot.jpg
| alt5=
| image6= ErdbebenPakistan2005.jpg
| alt6=}}'''Clockwise from top left:''' {{flatlist|
* Destroyed building, [[Muzaffarabad]]
* Pakistani soldiers unload relief supplies from a U.S. Navy helicopter, [[Balakot]]
* U.S. Navy Hospitalman holds an injured three-year-old boy, [[Shinkiari]]
* Destroyed building, Nardjan
* U.S. Army helicopter takes off after dropping off emergency aid at Rawalakot Airport, [[Rawalakot]]
* A tent village built to house displaced earthquake survivors, [[Shinkiari]]
}}
| map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| map2 = {{Location map+ | Pakistan
| places =
{{Location map~|Pakistan|lat=34.53|long=69.1|label_size=100|label=Kabul|position=left|mark=Green pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|Pakistan|lat=33.74|long=73.07|label_size=100|label=Islamabad|position=bottom|mark=Green pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|Pakistan|lat=28.61|long=77.20|label_size=100|label=Delhi|position=bottom|mark=Green pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|Pakistan|lat=31.55|long=74.34|label_size=100|label=Lahore|mark=Green pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|Pakistan|lat=34.45|long=73.65|mark=Bullseye1.png|marksize=40}}
| width = 250
| float = center
| caption =
| relief = yes }}
| local-date = 8 October 2005
| local-time = 08:50:39 [[Pakistan Standard Time|PKT]]
| duration = 60 seconds
| magnitude = 7.6 {{M|w|link=y}}<ref name=ISC-GEM/>
| depth = {{convert|15|km|abbr=on}}<ref name=ISC-GEM/>
| location = {{Coord|34.45|73.65|type:event_region:PK|display=inline,title}}<ref name=ISC-GEM/>
| type = [[Fault (geology)#Reverse faults|Reverse slip]]<ref>{{cite web |title=M 7.6 - 21 km NNE of Muzaffar?b?d, Pakistan |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp000e12e/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov |publisher=[[USGS]] |access-date=September 6, 2025}}</ref>
| affected = [[Pakistan]], [[India]], [[Afghanistan]]
| damages =
| intensity = {{MMI|XI}}<ref name="Ali et. al">{{cite journal|author1=Zahid Ali|author2=Muhammad Qaisar|author3=Tariq Mahmood|author4=Muhammad Ali Shah|author5=Talat Iqbal|author6=Leonello Serva|author7=Alessandro M. Michetti|author8=Paul W. Burton|title=The Muzaffarabad, Pakistan, earthquake of 8 October 2005: surface faulting, environmental effects and macroseismic intensity|journal=Special Publications|year=2009|volume=316|issue=1|pages=155–172|doi=10.1144/SP316.9|url=https://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/316/1/155?ck=nck|publisher=The Geological Society of London|bibcode=2009GSLSP.316..155A|s2cid=128469925|access-date=7 October 2021|archive-date=27 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627120757/https://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/316/1/155?ck=nck|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
| pga = 
| tsunami =
| landslide = Yes<ref name=Bulmer/>
| foreshocks =
| aftershocks = 5.9 {{M|w}} 8 Oct at 03:57<ref name=USGS1/> 5.8 {{M|w}} 8 Oct at 03:58<ref name=USGS2/> 6.4 {{M|w}} 8 Oct at 10:46<ref name=USGS3/>
| casualties = 74,640–88,714 dead 138,000 injured<ref name=":2"/> 2.8 million displaced<ref name=PAGER-CAT/>
}}

An earthquake occurred at {{tooltip|08:50:39 Pakistan Standard Time|03:50:39 GMT}} on 8 October 2005 in [[Azad Kashmir|Azad Jammu and Kashmir]], a territory under Pakistan. Its [[epicenter]] was 19 km northeast of the city of [[Muzaffarabad]], and 90 km north north-east of [[Islamabad]], the capital city of Pakistan, and also affected nearby [[Balakot]] in [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] and some areas of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]]. It registered a [[moment magnitude scale|moment magnitude]] of 7.6 on the [[Richter scale]] and had a maximum [[Modified Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of XI (''Extreme''). The earthquake was also felt in [[Afghanistan]], [[Tajikistan]], [[India]] and the [[Xinjiang]] region. The severity of the damage caused by the earthquake is attributed to severe upthrust. Although not the largest earthquake to hit this region in terms of magnitude it is considered the deadliest,<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=The HJ/62/5 The Great Himalayan Earthquakes|url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/62/5/the-great-himalayan-earthquakes/|access-date=2024-11-04|website=The HJ/62/5 The Great Himalayan Earthquakes}}</ref> surpassing the [[1935 Quetta earthquake]].<ref name="Dawn_Quetta_2005">{{cite web|date=25 October 2005|title=The great Quetta tragedy|url=http://www.dawn.com/2005/10/25/fea.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051027020142/http://www.dawn.com/2005/10/25/fea.htm|archive-date=27 October 2005|access-date=24 January 2022|newspaper=Dawn|location=Pakistan}}</ref> It was the 5th deadliest natural disaster of the decade.<ref>{{cite journal |date=January 2024 |first=D. |last=Tin |display-authors=etal |title=Natural disasters: a comprehensive study using EMDAT database 1995–2022 |pages=255–260 |doi=10.1016/j.puhe.2023.11.017 |journal=Public Health |eissn=1476-5616 |volume=226|doi-access=free }}</ref> Sources indicate that the official death toll in this quake in [[Pakistan]] was between 73,276<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Ali|first1=Imtiyaz|last2=Mir|first2=Abid Ali|last3=Jabeen|first3=Rohul|last4=Ahmad|first4=Muzafar|last5=Fazili|first5=Anjum|last6=Kaul|first6=Rauf-Ur Rashid|last7=Kumar|first7=Ratenesh|last8=Keshkar|first8=S.|date=January 2010|title=Morbidity pattern and impact of rehabilitative services in Earth quake victims of kashmir, India|journal=International Journal of Health Sciences|volume=4|issue=1|pages=59–67|issn=1658-7774|pmc=3068802|pmid=21475527}}</ref> and 87,350,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2006-02-28|title=The Kashmir earthquake of October 8, 2005: Impacts in Pakistan – Pakistan |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/kashmir-earthquake-october-8-2005-impacts-pakistan|access-date=2024-11-04|publisher=ReliefWeb}}</ref> with some estimates being as high as over 100,000 dead.<ref name=":0" /> In [[India]], 1,360 people were killed, while 6,266 people were injured,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-10-01|title=Kashmir earthquake of 2005|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Kashmir-earthquake-of-2005|access-date=2024-11-04|website=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> while four others died in Afghanistan.<ref name="AFGHAN"/> Nearly three and a half million people were left without shelter, and approximately 138,000 people were injured in the quake.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2005-12-13|title=Pakistan |website= Gift of the Givers Foundation|url=https://giftofthegivers.org/disaster-response/pakistan/779/|access-date=2024-11-04}}</ref>

==Earthquake==
[[File:earthquake Information for Pakistan.png|thumb|left|200px|Map depicting regional tectonic plates]]
The region where the earthquake occurred crosses the political borders of Pakistan and India. This area has been prone to earthquakes for centuries, with the earliest recorded quake occurring in 1255 in [[Kathmandu]].<ref name="auto"/> The Kashmir valley is completely surrounded by mountains, with the valley floor being 1850 meters above sea level, but the encircling mountains reach heights of 3000–4000 meters. Its unique geography makes it particularly prone to natural disasters including floods, windstorms, avalanches and landslides, fires and droughts. It is, however, particularly prone to earthquakes as it lies on top of active geological faults where two tectonic plates, the large [[Eurasian plate|Eurasian]] and small [[India Plate|Indian tectonic plates]] collide. This collision forces the Indian plate under the Eurasian plate, causing movement of the earth's crust.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2008-10-22|title=When the Earth Moved Kashmir|url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/KashmirEarthquake|access-date=2024-11-04|publisher=NASA Earth Observatory}}</ref>

The earthquake resulted in a {{cvt|75|km}} surface rupture.<ref name=":3" /> It triggered thousands of landslides, mainly rock falls, debris falls and a debris avalanche.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Owen |first1=Lewis A. |last2=Kamp |first2=Ulrich |last3=Khattak |first3=Ghazanfar A. |last4=Harp |first4=Edwin L. |last5=Keefer |first5=David K. |last6=Bauer |first6=Mark A. |date=February 2008 |title=Landslides triggered by the 8 October 2005 Kashmir earthquake |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169555X07001584 |journal=Geomorphology |language=en |volume=94 |issue=1–2 |pages=1–9 |doi=10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.04.007|bibcode=2008Geomo..94....1O |url-access=subscription }}</ref> There were two significant landslides, one in Chella Bandi, Muzaffarabad, and another in the [[Pir Panjal Range]]. The latter is considered the largest earthquake-triggered landslide and formed a new lake.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last1=Booth |first1=Edmund |last2=Wilkinson |first2=Sean |last3=Spence |first3=Robin |last4=Free |first4=Matthew |last5=Rossetto |first5=Tiziana |date=August 2011 |title=Eefit: the UK Earthquake Engineering Field Investigation Team |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/feng.2011.164.3.117 |journal=Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Forensic Engineering |volume=164 |issue=3 |pages=117–123 |doi=10.1680/feng.2011.164.3.117 |issn=2043-9903|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=2005 Kashmir earthquake |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.yb080690 |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=AccessScience|doi=10.1036/1097-8542.yb080690 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Over 140 [[aftershock]]s were recorded, many of at least 4.0 on the Richter scale, and 21 registering at over 5.0 on the Richter scale.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dworschak |first=Christoph |date=2021-01-05 |title=disastr.api: Wrapper for the UN OCHA ReliefWeb Disaster Events API |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.32614/cran.package.disastr.api |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=CRAN: Contributed Packages|doi=10.32614/cran.package.disastr.api |url-access=subscription }}</ref> The course of the [[Neelum River]] was altered by the landslides and the surface rupture. A new waterfall also formed at the edge of the [[Kunhar River]] valley. It was observed that new co-seismic [[escarpment]]s formed where sharp topographic changes existed.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chini |first1=M. |last2=Cinti |first2=F. R. |last3=Stramondo |first3=S. |date=2011-03-25 |title=Co-seismic surface effects from very high resolution panchromatic images: the case of the 2005 Kashmir (Pakistan) earthquake |journal=Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=931–943 |doi=10.5194/nhess-11-931-2011 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2011NHESS..11..931C |issn=1684-9981}}</ref> There are conflicting studies about the [[soil liquefaction]] aspects. This phenomenon and [[Sand boil|sand-blows]] were reported in the northwestern Kashmir Valley.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sana |first1=Hamid |last2=Nath |first2=Sankar Kumar |date=June 2016 |title=Liquefaction potential analysis of the Kashmir valley alluvium, NW Himalaya |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0267726116000634 |journal=Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering |language=en |volume=85 |pages=11–18 |doi=10.1016/j.soildyn.2016.03.009|bibcode=2016SDEE...85...11S |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sun |first1=Junqiang |last2=Wang |first2=Menghua |last3=Jiang |first3=Lide |last4=Xiong |first4=Xiaoxiong |date=2019-08-20 |title=NOAA-20 VIIRS polarization effect and its correction |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.58.006655 |journal=Applied Optics |volume=58 |issue=24 |pages=6655–6665 |doi=10.1364/ao.58.006655 |pmid=31503597 |bibcode=2019ApOpt..58.6655S |issn=1559-128X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> However, one study did not observe any liquefaction.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Naseer |first1=Amjad |last2=Khan |first2=Akhtar Naeem |last3=Hussain |first3=Zakir |last4=Ali |first4=Qaisar |date=May 2010 |title=Observed Seismic Behavior of Buildings in Northern Pakistan during the 2005 Kashmir Earthquake |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3383119 |journal=Earthquake Spectra |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=425–449 |doi=10.1193/1.3383119 |bibcode=2010EarSp..26..425N |issn=8755-2930|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The earthquake had a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of XI (''Extreme'') evaluated in an area around the epicentre,<ref name="Ali et. al" /> between the towns of Muzaffarabad and Balakot. It was also assigned XI on the [[Environmental Seismic Intensity scale]]. Field surveys of heavy damage to buildings and other structures in Balakot determined that the Modified Mercalli intensity exceeded X. At Muzaffarabad, the intensity peaked at VIII–IX (''Severe–Violent''). Intensity VII–VIII (''Very strong–Severe'') was determined in the areas south of Muzaffarabad.<ref name="EERI1stReport">{{Cite web|title=First Report on the Kashmir Earthquake of October 8, 2005|url=https://www.eeri.org/lfe/pdf/kashmir_eeri_1st_report.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060629222020/https://www.eeri.org/lfe/pdf/kashmir_eeri_1st_report.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2006|website=eeri.org}}</ref>

The maximum intensity in India was VIII (''Destructive'') on the [[Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale]] (MSK), and was felt at [[Uri, Jammu and Kashmir|Uri]]. MSK VII was felt in [[Kupwara]] and [[Baramulla]]. In [[Srinagar]], the earthquake was felt with an MSK intensity of V. At areas where the seismic intensity was lower, collapses were documented.<ref name="EERI1stReport" /> The earthquake was felt throughout central Asia, and as far away as [[Dushanbe]], [[Tajikistan]]. Minor shaking was felt in [[Almaty]], [[Kazakhstan]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/today/index.php?month=10&day=8&submit=View+Date | title=Today in Earthquake History | access-date=10 September 2023 | archive-date=6 September 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240906174725/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/today/index.php?month=10&day=8&submit=View+Date | url-status=live }}</ref>

Many strong aftershocks occurred near [[Muzaffarabad]].<ref>[http://archive.financialexpress.com/news/pak-in-panic-as-quake-rocks-kashmir/153050 "Pak in panic as quake rocks Kashmir"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208171252/http://archive.financialexpress.com/news/pak-in-panic-as-quake-rocks-kashmir/153050 |date=8 December 2015 }} Reuters, ''The Financial Express'', 19 October 2005. Retrieved 23 February 2006.</ref> As of 27 October 2005<ref name=":4">[http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/KKEE-6HWRYR?OpenDocument "Pakistan: A summary report on Muzaffarabad earthquake"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060209210139/http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/KKEE-6HWRYR?OpenDocument |date=9 February 2006 }} ''ReliefWeb'', 7 November 2005. Retrieved 23 February 2006.</ref> There had been more than 978 aftershocks with a magnitude of 4.0 and above that continued to occur daily. Since then, measurements from satellites have shown that mountain parts directly above the [[epicenter]] have risen by a few meters, giving ample proof that the Himalayas are still being formed and growing and that this earthquake was a consequence of that.<ref>BBC series: ''Earth: The Power of the Planet.'', part 1. ''Volcano''</ref> By the end of 2005, a total of 1,778 aftershocks were recorded.<ref>{{cite journal|pmc=4556441|year=2015|last1=Mahmood|first1=I.|last2=Qureshi|first2=S. N.|last3=Tariq|first3=S.|last4=Atique|first4=L.|last5=Iqbal|first5=M. F.|title=Analysis of Landslides Triggered by October 2005, Kashmir Earthquake|journal=PLOS Currents|volume=7|pages=ecurrents.dis.0bc3ebc5b8adf5c7fe9fd3d702d44a99|doi=10.1371/currents.dis.0bc3ebc5b8adf5c7fe9fd3d702d44a99|pmid=26366324|doi-access=free}}</ref>

==Damage and casualties==
[[File:Muzaffarabad - 2005 Kashmir earthquake.jpg|thumb|[[Muzaffarabad]] after the earthquake]]

The earthquake occurred during a school day in the region, most students were at school when the earthquake struck. In total, approximately 19,000 victims in Pakistan were students who died when their schools collapsed.<ref name=":2" /> Many were also trapped in their homes, and because the earthquake occurred during [[Ramadan]], most people were taking naps after their pre-dawn meal and had little time to escape. Women made up a larger portion of casualties as many were inside cleaning after the morning meal.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last1=Hamilton|first1=Jennifer Parker|last2=Halvorson|first2=Sarah J.|date=November 2007|title=The 2005 Kashmir Earthquake: A Perspective on Women's Experiences|url=http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1659/mrd.0945|journal=Mountain Research and Development|volume=27|issue=4|pages=296–301|doi=10.1659/mrd.0945|issn=0276-4741}}</ref>

Hospitals, schools, and rescue services, including police and armed forces, were paralysed. There was virtually no infrastructure, and communication was badly affected. Local building construction practices, poor workmanship, economic constraints and design flaws<ref>{{Cite web|title=IIT Kanpur|url=https://www.iitk.ac.in/new/index.php?option=com_googlesearchcse&n=30&cx=009455965416698152613:u4qiytmttne&cof=FORID:11&ie=ISO-8859-1&q=EERI+SPECIAL+EARTHQUAKE&sa=Search&hl=en&safe=active&cr=countryIN|access-date=2024-11-04|website=iitk.ac.in}}</ref> meant that almost 780,000 buildings were destroyed or damaged beyond repair.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} The Pakistani government's official death toll as of November 2005 stood at 87,350, although it is estimated that the death toll could have reached over 100,000. Approximately 138,000 people were injured, and over 3.5 million were rendered homeless. The earthquake affected more than 500,000 families, and cold weather increased the death toll for those who survived the earthquake, but were displaced and homeless.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=Cold kills survivors of Kashmir quake|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/11/29/cold-kills-survivors-of-kashmir-quake|access-date=2024-11-04|publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref>

At least 1,350 people were killed and 6,266 injured in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Kashmir-earthquake-of-2005|title=Kashmir earthquake of 2005|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica |date=October 2023|access-date=27 March 2021|archive-date=6 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240906174834/https://www.britannica.com/event/Kashmir-earthquake-of-2005|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/27/world/asia/twentytwo-tetanus-deaths-reported-in-pakistan-quake-zone.html|title=Twenty-two tetanus deaths reported in Pakistan quake zone|work=The New York Times|date=27 October 2005|access-date=27 March 2021|archive-date=1 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901013125/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/27/world/asia/twentytwo-tetanus-deaths-reported-in-pakistan-quake-zone.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/10/16/relief-helicopter-crashes-in-pakistan|title=pakistan toll at 38000 is expected to rise|access-date=27 March 2021|archive-date=6 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240906174725/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/10/16/relief-helicopter-crashes-in-pakistan|url-status=live}}</ref> In [[Uri, Jammu and Kashmir|Uri]] there were over 150 deaths.<ref name="REUTERS_1008">{{Cite web |date=8 October 2005 |title=Big quake hits subcontinent; thousands feared dead |url=http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/SP251100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051013063419/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/SP251100.htm |archive-date=13 October 2005 |access-date=28 February 2023 |agency=Reuters}}</ref> Four deaths were reported in [[Afghanistan]], including a young girl who died in [[Jalalabad]] after a wall collapsed on her. The quake was felt in [[Kabul]], but the effects were minimal there.<ref name="AFGHAN">{{cite news|title=Pakistan puts quake toll at 18,000|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/asiapcf/10/08/quake.pakistan/index.html|access-date=10 August 2024|publisher=CNN|date=9 October 2005|archive-date=10 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810035321/https://edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/asiapcf/10/08/quake.pakistan/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

More than 780,000 buildings were destroyed or damaged beyond repair.<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |date=2006-08-01 |title=ReliefWeb |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09504120610687209 |journal=Reference Reviews |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=28–29 |doi=10.1108/09504120610687209 |issn=0950-4125|url-access=subscription }}</ref> In [[Balakot]], about 90% of the buildings in the city were reduced to rubble, and in Muzaffarabad, almost every building was either destroyed or damaged.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Simons |first=Sandra Scott |date=July 2024 |title=EM's Broken Promises |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.eem.0001026360.36906.02 |journal=Emergency Medicine News |volume=46 |issue=7 |pages=10 |doi=10.1097/01.eem.0001026360.36906.02 |issn=1054-0725|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=2005-03-16 |title=Post-Tsunami Relief Efforts |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.11.1316-b |journal=JAMA |volume=293 |issue=11 |pages=1316 |doi=10.1001/jama.293.11.1316-b |issn=0098-7484|url-access=subscription }}</ref> In Uri, over 50% of the buildings were reportedly damaged after a short circuit resulted in a fire.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=von Schreeb |first1=Johan |last2=Legha |first2=Jaswinder K. |last3=Karlsson |first3=Niklas |last4=Garfield |first4=Richard |date=June 2013 |title=Information for Action? Analysis of 2005 South Asian Earthquake Reports Posted on Reliefweb |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2010.36 |journal=Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=251–256 |doi=10.1001/dmp.2010.36 |pmid=23103394 |issn=1935-7893|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Around 574 health facilities were reported to have been partially damaged or destroyed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Worldbank |date=8 November 2017 |title=Pakistan Development Update |url=http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/386771510146349984/pdf/121027-WP-P164910-PUBLIC-11-9-17-12am-PDU-Fall-2017-Online.pdf |access-date=28 November 2024 |website=openknowledge.worldbank.org}}</ref> In Pakistan, around 320 health institutions were destroyed and 44 were partially damaged.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=October 2006 |title=Health Aspects of Disaster Preparedness and Response: Report from a Regional Meeting of Countries of South East Asia Bangkok, Thailand, 21–23 November 2005 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00015958 |journal=Prehospital and Disaster Medicine |volume=21 |issue=S3 |pages=s62–s78 |doi=10.1017/s1049023x00015958 |issn=1049-023X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The resulting landslides from the earthquake affected transport, with closure of essential roads and highways.<ref name=":10" /> Sections of a road and pavement in a major route in Muzaffarabad collapsed.<ref name=":8" /> Many bridges were damaged, with the largest damaged bridge in Balakot. Several other bridges in the [[Jhelum Valley (Kashmir)|Jhelum Valley]] (Kashmir) were also damaged. The bridges in Muzaffarabad were not damaged except for a pedestrian suspension bridge north of the city which collapsed.<ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last1=Arashida |first1=Ryoko |last2=Ozawa |first2=Kazumasa |date=2019 |title=Modeling and Transactions in Non-Designated City Reconstruction Areas After the Great Hansin-Awaji Earthquake, and Its Applications for the Impending Tokyo Inland Earthquake |journal= Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. D3 (Infrastructure Planning and Management)|volume=75 |issue=4 |pages=250–261 |doi=10.2208/jscejipm.75.250 |bibcode=2019JSCIP..75..250A |issn=2185-6540|doi-access=free }}</ref> 3,994 water supply systems were destroyed.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ekoh |first1=Prince Chiagozie |last2=Walsh |first2=Christine A. |date=April 2024 |title=Valuable Beyond Vulnerable: A Scoping Review on the Contributions of Older Forced Migrants in Post-migration Recovery |journal=International Journal of Disaster Risk Science |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=186–197 |doi=10.1007/s13753-024-00549-7 |bibcode=2024IJDRS..15..186E |issn=2095-0055|doi-access=free }}</ref> In Muzaffarabad and Balakot, the electricity network was destroyed. In Balakot, some pylons were tilted.<ref name=":11" /> The [[GSM]] network withstood the impact of the earthquake better. In both towns, the [[Mobilink]] operator was functional, but was saturated and experienced intermittent signal, and was therefore unreliable. In contrast, landline telephone infrastructure was completely destroyed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kashmir Earthquake |url=https://www.tsfi.org/en/our-missions/disaster-response/kashmir-earthquake-pakistan |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Télécoms Sans Frontières |language=en}}</ref> It was estimated that about 40% of telecommunication exchanges, and 15% of telephone lines in Azad Jammu and Kashmir were disrupted. In the [[North-West Frontier Province]](presently known as [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], though excluding a few areas of present [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|KPK]]), it was estimated that 30% of exchanges and 8% of lines were disrupted.<ref name=":12" />

==Local response==
Immediately after the earthquake, local residents and organizations responded to emergency needs. The government and local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) coordinated relief efforts, distributing food, water and medical supplies.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|last=Raina|first=Sajid|title=Is Kashmir prepared for its next major quake?|url=https://www.fairplanet.org/story/kashmir-earthquake-building-code-hydropower/|access-date=2024-11-04|website=FairPlanet}}</ref> Many individuals and communities provided assistance spontaneously.<ref name=":6" /> People opened their homes to those displaced.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=August 2018 |title=Publisher Information |journal=Mountain Research and Development |language=en |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=190 |doi=10.1659/0276-4741-36.3.190 |issn=0276-4741|doi-access=free }}</ref> In the initial phases of response, the Pakistan Medical corps, Corps of Engineers, Army Aviation and many infantry units were heavily involved. Helicopters conducted aerial reconnaissance and delivered essential supplies to remote areas while infantry units engaged in search and rescue operations.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thomas |first=Jane Murphy |title=Making Things Happen: Community Participation and Disaster Reconstruction in Pakistan |date=2022 |publisher=Berghahn Books, Incorporated |isbn=978-1-80073-281-0 |edition=1st |series=Catastrophes in Context Series |location=New York, NY}}</ref>

The collective action of local residents, government agencies, and NGOs was instrumental in providing immediate relief and setting the stage for long-term recovery and reconstruction. Medical rehabilitation services swiftly intervened, providing assistive devices and customized prosthetics to facilitate the early recovery of injured individuals' functional abilities and psychological states.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|last1=Durrani|first1=Ahmad J.|last2=Elnashai|first2=Amr S.|last3=Hashash|first3=Youssef M. A.|last4=Kim|first4=Sung Jig|last5=Masud|first5=Arif|date=December 2005|title=The Kashmir Earthquake of October 8, 2005: A Quick Look Report|url=https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/items/8886|journal=MAE Center CD Release 05-04}}</ref> The MST Military Hospital, equipped with 12 beds and a team of experienced specialists, provided urgent medical and surgical care for post-disaster casualties. This rapid response accelerated the rehabilitation process, ensuring that victims received timely and professional medical support even under extreme conditions.<ref name=":9">{{Cite book |last=Thomas |first=Jane Murphy |title=Making things happen: community participation and disaster reconstruction in Pakistan |date=2022 |publisher= |isbn=978-1-80073-281-0 |location=New York}}</ref>

==International response==
Well over US$6.2 billion (400 billion [[Pakistani rupee]]s)<ref>{{cite web|title=The Pakistan Earthquake of October 2005: A Reminder of Human-Science Interaction in Natural Disasters Risk Management|author=Amr S. Elnashai|url=http://www.ips.uiuc.edu/ilint/mt/iir/online/2006/11/the_pakistan_earthquake_of_oct.html|work=The Illinois International Review|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071029170810/http://www.ips.uiuc.edu/ilint/mt/iir/online/2006/11/the_pakistan_earthquake_of_oct.html|archive-date=29 October 2007|url-status=dead|date=6 November 2006|access-date=16 March 2009}}</ref> in aid arrived from all around the world. US Marine and Army helicopters stationed in neighbouring [[Afghanistan]] quickly flew aid into the devastated region along with five [[CH-47 Chinook]] helicopters from the [[Royal Air Force]] that were deployed from the United Kingdom. Five crossing points were opened on the [[Line of Control]] (LOC), between India and Pakistan, to facilitate the flow of humanitarian and medical aid to the affected region, and aid teams from different parts of Pakistan and around the world came to the region to assist in relief efforts.<ref name=bloomberg1>[https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000087&sid=aH5Z2m5aPhRw&refer=top_world_news "Pakistan Asks Quake Survivors to Leave Mountains Before Winter"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240906174839/https://www.bloomberg.com/tosv2.html?vid=&uuid=3fbdc964-6c78-11ef-aa42-b679094a50c3&url=L2FwcHMvbmV3cz9waWQ9MTAwMDAwODcmc2lkPWFINVoybTVhUGhSdyZyZWZlcj10b3Bfd29ybGRfbmV3cw== |date=6 September 2024 }} (''[[Bloomberg News]]''), 26 October 2005. Retrieved 24 February 2006.</ref><ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna9626146 "New figures put quake toll at more than 79,000"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102165050/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna9626146 |date=2 November 2020 }} AP, NBC News, 19 October 2005. Retrieved 23 February 2006.</ref><ref>[http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/KHII-6J93HT?OpenDocument "South Asia Earthquake: Fact Sheet #25 (FY 2006)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060209210200/http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/KHII-6J93HT?OpenDocument |date=9 February 2006 }} ''[[ReliefWeb]]'', 17 November 2005. Retrieved 23 February 2006.</ref>

The [[United Nations Development Programme]] coordinated responses, rebuilt shelters, schools and health facilities. The [[United Nations Population Fund]] deployed nine mobile medical units, provided reproductive health services for one million people and focused on pregnant women and children. The [[UNICEF]] distributed school kits for 140,000 children, established 70 child-friendly spaces and reopened 487 schools. The [[World Food Programme]] provided emergency food, including high-energy biscuits. The [[World Health Organization]] delivered medical equipment, health kits and set up a disease early warning system. The [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] managed 37 camps, distributing tents, blankets and supplies. The [[International Organization for Migration]] helped 14,000 families return home, providing transport and food. The [[OCHA]] initiated rescue operations, launched a $550 million fundraising appeal and conducted environmental assessments. The United Nations Humanitarian Air Service delivered 28,000 tons of relief supplies to remote areas using helicopters.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shah |first=Syed Muhammad Ali |date=2006 |title=The United Nations and the 8 October Earthquake |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/43615510 |journal=Pakistan Horizon |volume=59 |issue=4 |pages=89–108 |jstor=43615510 |issn=0030-980X}}</ref>

The [[International Rescue Committee]] (IRC) responded swiftly, providing emergency food, medical care, and shelter. They treated thousands of survivors in makeshift clinics, ensured access to clean water and sanitation, and established child-friendly spaces to aid psychological recovery. Before winter, the IRC distributed warm clothing and bedding and assisted in rebuilding homes and infrastructure, supporting long-term recovery efforts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-10-05 |title=Responding to the most destructive earthquake in Pakistan's history |url=https://www.rescue.org/article/responding-most-destructive-earthquake-pakistans-history |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=International Rescue Committee |language=en}}</ref>

The [[World Bank]], with the [[Asian Development Bank]], estimated reconstruction costs at $3.5 billion, providing financial and technical support for infrastructure, particularly in housing, education, and health, while promoting transparency and disaster risk reduction.<ref>''Pakistan - 2005 earthquake preliminary damage and needs assessment (English).'' Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group. Retrieved from https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/710481468284380489/pdf/34407.pdf</ref> The [[International Monetary Fund]] helped stabilize Pakistan's economy by offering financial aid to manage fiscal pressures from emergency relief and reconstruction, ensuring economic stability and the efficient management of international aid.<ref>International Monetary Fund. (2005). ''Pakistan: 2005 Article IV Consultation and Ex-Post Assessment of Longer-Term Program Engagement'' (IMF Country Report No. 05/409). Retrieved from https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2005/cr05409.pdf</ref>

Countries worldwide responded quickly with financial and logistical aid. For instance, [[Saudi Arabia]] contributed a $133 million aid package, including emergency supplies and medical teams, and institutionalized its support through SPAPEV.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-11-29 |title=Saudi gives 133 million dollars aid to Pakistan |url=http://lebanonwire.com/1005/05101509AFP.asp |access-date=2024-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129040507/http://lebanonwire.com/1005/05101509AFP.asp |archive-date=29 November 2011|work=Lebanonwire }}</ref> China provided $6.2 million in aid, deployed a 49-member rescue team with sniffer dogs, and sent US$1 million in cash and the first batch of rescue materials for immediate relief.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-07-12 |title=China CRIENGLISH |url=http://en.chinabroadcast.cn/2238/2005-10-10/148@276019.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120712231652/http://en.chinabroadcast.cn/2238/2005-10-10/148@276019.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-07-12 |access-date=2024-11-28 }}</ref> Turkey delivered $150 million in aid, sent 30 aircraft with medical teams and relief goods, and built tent cities for 70,000 people.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-10-21 |title=Turkey offers $150m relief |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/162218/turkey-offers-150m-relief |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-02-11 |title=TURKIYE KIZILAY DERNEGI|website=Turkish Red Crescent Society |url=http://eng.kizilay.org.tr/articles/detail/detail3.asp?id=221 |access-date=2024-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060211021530/http://eng.kizilay.org.tr/articles/detail/detail3.asp?id=221 |archive-date=11 February 2006 }}</ref> [[Cuba]] dispatched 2,260 health professionals, set up 32 field hospitals, supplied 234.5 tons of medicines, and offered 1,000 free medical scholarships to Pakistani students from rural areas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-09-09 |title=Cuba to Leave MASH Units with Earthquake Ravaged Pakistan |url=http://www.periodico26.cu/english/health/units032206.htm |access-date=2024-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909205924/http://www.periodico26.cu/english/health/units032206.htm |archive-date=9 September 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2006-05-14 |title=Cuba gives Pakistan 30 mobile field hospitals - Cuba Culture News - Havana Journal |newspaper=Havana Journal |url=http://havanajournal.com/culture/entry/cuba-gives-pakistan-30-mobile-field-hospitals/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060514205507/http://havanajournal.com/culture/entry/cuba-gives-pakistan-30-mobile-field-hospitals/ |archive-date=14 May 2006 |last1=Com |first1=Havanajournal }}</ref>

Numerous NGOs, including [[Médecins Sans Frontières]], [[Save the Children]] and [[Oxfam]] provided medical care, clean drinking water and temporary housing. They were crucial in addressing the psychological and social needs of affected communities, especially for vulnerable groups like children and the elderly.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Access to Disaster Services |url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j079v30n02_03 |access-date=2024-11-26 |journal=Journal of Social Service Research |doi=10.1300/j079v30n02_03 | date=2003 | last1=Zakour | first1=Michael J. | last2=Harrell | first2=Evelyn B. | volume=30 | issue=2 | pages=27–54 | url-access=subscription }}</ref> [[Gift of the Givers|The Gift of the Givers Foundation]], for example, concentrated on delivering food, water, and medical supplies to remote areas that were difficult to access.<ref name=":2" />

Despite substantial aid, logistical difficulties hindered efficient relief efforts. Limited infrastructure, combined with harsh weather and mountainous terrain, delayed the transport of supplies to remote areas. Additionally, coordination challenges among different organizations sometimes led to resource duplication and gaps in critical areas.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Comparison of Seismic Vulnerability of Buildings before and after 2005 Kashmir Earthquake |url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.81.1.85 |access-date=2024-11-26 |journal=Seismological Research Letters |doi=10.1785/gssrl.81.1.85 | date=2010 | last1=Maqsood | first1=S. T. | last2=Schwarz | first2=J. | volume=81 | issue=1 | pages=85–98 | bibcode=2010SeiRL..81...85M | url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The 100,000 and more injured suffered from fractures, crush injuries and lacerations. Healthcare facilities were inundated, and makeshift field hospitals were quickly established. However, the lack of adequate facilities, supplies and skilled personnel significantly hampered medical response efforts.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Chadda|first1=Rakesh Kumar|last2=Malhotra|first2=Anil|last3=Kaw|first3=Nanaji|last4=Singh|first4=Jaspreet|last5=Sethi|first5=Hem|date=December 2007|title=Mental Health Problems following the 2005 Earthquake in Kashmir: Findings of Community-Run Clinics|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1049023X00005409/type/journal_article|journal=Prehospital and Disaster Medicine|volume=22|issue=6|pages=541–545|doi=10.1017/S1049023X00005409|pmid=18709944|issn=1049-023X|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Temporary shelters and overcrowded camps coupled with inadequate access to clean water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities, led to outbreaks of respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases and [[measles]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hammer |first1=Charlotte Christiane |last2=Brainard |first2=Julii |last3=Hunter |first3=Paul R. |date=2018-07-01 |title=Risk factors and risk factor cascades for communicable disease outbreaks in complex humanitarian emergencies: a qualitative systematic review |url=https://gh.bmj.com/content/3/4/e000647 |journal=BMJ Global Health |language=en |volume=3 |issue=4 |article-number=e000647 |doi=10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000647 |issn=2059-7908 |pmc=6038842 |pmid=30002920}}</ref> Respiratory infections were notably prevalent, exacerbated by the cold weather in the region, and poor insulation in camps.<ref>{{Citation |title=Phenomenological theory of deformation |date=2008-01-22 |work=Deformation of Earth Materials |pages=34–48 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511804892.004 |access-date=2024-11-28 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1017/cbo9780511804892.004 |isbn=978-0-521-84404-8 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The earthquake caused significant psychological trauma for survivors who endured the sudden loss of family members, homes and livelihoods. This experience triggered acute stress reactions in many individuals, including [[Anxiety disorder|anxiety]], [[Depression (mood)|depression]] and later, [[post-traumatic stress disorder]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=PACTT: Pakistan–Aberdeen Collaborative Trauma Team*|last2=Rana|first2=Brigadier Mowadat H.|last3=Ali|first3=Sohail|last4=Yusufi|first4=Babur|last5=Alexander|first5=David A.|last6=Klein|first6=Susan|last7=Lee|first7=Amanda J.|last8=Jones|first8=Gareth T.|last9=Macfarlane|first9=Gary|date=April 2008|title=The psychological and psychosocial impact of the Pakistan Kashmir earthquake after 8 months: a preliminary evaluation by PACTT|journal=International Psychiatry |volume=5|issue=2|pages=43–46|doi=10.1192/S1749367600005609|issn=1749-3676|pmc=6734819|pmid=31507939}}</ref> The lack of mental health infrastructure in the affected areas compounded these problems as there were few resources available for trauma counselling or psychological support. Mental health clinics set up by non-governmental organisations provided some relief, but the support was often short lived to limited funding and resources.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=PACTT: Pakistan–Aberdeen Collaborative Trauma Team* |last2=Rana |first2=Brigadier Mowadat H. |last3=Ali |first3=Sohail |last4=Yusufi |first4=Babur |last5=Alexander |first5=David A. |last6=Klein |first6=Susan |last7=Lee |first7=Amanda J. |last8=Jones |first8=Gareth T. |last9=Macfarlane |first9=Gary |date=April 2008 |title=The psychological and psychosocial impact of the Pakistan Kashmir earthquake after 8 months: a preliminary evaluation by PACTT |journal=International Psychiatry |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=43–46 |doi=10.1192/S1749367600005609 |issn=1749-3676 |pmc=6734819 |pmid=31507939}}</ref>

In terms of non-communicable diseases, increased rates of [[hypertension]], [[diabetes]] and [[cardiovascular disease]] were observed as access to routine health care services became severely disrupted. This disruption meant that individuals with chronic illnesses struggled to obtain necessary medications and medical care, leading to poor disease management and subsequent health complications.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Başoǧlu|first1=Metin|last2=Şalcioǧlu|first2=Ebru|last3=Livanou|first3=Maria|date=August 2002|title=Traumatic stress responses in earthquake survivors in Turkey|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1023/A%3A1016241826589|journal=Journal of Traumatic Stress|volume=15|issue=4|pages=269–276|doi=10.1023/A:1016241826589|pmid=12224798|issn=0894-9867|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Long term mental health impact was also significant. Research conducted years after the earthquake found that many survivors were still experiencing symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety disorders. These persistent psychological effects highlight the limited access to mental health resources in the affected regions and the cultural barriers preventing individuals from seeking mental health support.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ali|first1=Niloufer S.|last2=Ali|first2=Badar S.|last3=Azam|first3=Iqbal S.|last4=Khuwaja|first4=Ali K.|date=2010-07-19|title=Effectiveness of counseling for anxiety and depression in mothers of children ages 0-30 months by community workers in Karachi, Pakistan: a quasi experimental study|journal=BMC Psychiatry|volume=10|issue=1|pages=57|doi=10.1186/1471-244X-10-57|doi-access=free|issn=1471-244X|pmc=2912800|pmid=20642820}}</ref>

== Health consequences ==

The severity of injuries varied across regions, with mountainous and remote areas particularly affected. The geographical isolation of these regions made it challenging for rescue teams to provide timely assistance, leading to higher mortality rates in these hard-to-reach areas. Their rugged terrain and damaged infrastructure delayed the transport of critically injured patients to hospitals, increasing fatalities among the injured<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Halvorson|first1=Sarah J.|last2=Parker Hamilton|first2=Jennifer|date=January 2010|title=In the aftermath of the Qa'yamat : 1 the Kashmir earthquake disaster in northern Pakistan|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2009.01124.x|journal=Disasters|volume=34|issue=1|pages=184–204|doi=10.1111/j.1467-7717.2009.01124.x|pmid=19796167|bibcode=2010Disas..34..184H|issn=0361-3666|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

Lower income populations faced greater hardship due to inadequate housing which was more vulnerable to collapse during the earthquake. These individuals also lacked financial means to rebuild their homes and lives post disaster, prolonging their exposure to hazardous living conditions and increasing their risk of health complications.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Improving Disaster Recovery |url=https://esg.wharton.upenn.edu/engagement/digital-dialogues/improving-disaster-recovery/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref>

Women, especially those who were pregnant or had caregiving responsibilities faced additional health challenges due to their limited mobility and high risk of injury during the earthquake. In the aftermath, women often struggled with mental health issues including depression and anxiety as they assumed the burden of caring for the injured family members while dealing with their own trauma and additional occurrence of [[domestic violence]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Pakistan earthquake and the health needs of women|url=https://odihpn.org/publication/the-pakistan-earthquake-and-the-health-needs-of-women/|access-date=2024-11-04|website=Humanitarian Practice Network}}</ref> Children were at a heightened risk of developing psychological issues, including PTSD due to the traumatic experience of witnessing death and destruction.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=van Ommeren|first1=Mark|last2=Saxena|first2=Shekhar|last3=Saraceno|first3=Benedetto|date=2005-05-21|title=Aid after disasters|journal=The BMJ|volume=330|issue=7501|pages=1160–1161|doi=10.1136/bmj.330.7501.1160|pmid=15905230|pmc=557998|issn=0959-8138}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Pakistan|Earth sciences}}
* [[2019 Kashmir earthquake]]
* [[Disaster Management Act, 2005]]
* [[List of earthquakes in 2005]]
* [[List of earthquakes in Afghanistan]]
* [[List of earthquakes in India]]
* [[List of earthquakes in Pakistan]]
* [[Meena (1993 TV series)#Episodes|''Meena'' – "Life Smiled Again"]]
* [[October 2015 Hindu Kush earthquake]]
* [[Tamgha-e-Eisaar]]
* [[Sitara-e-Eisaar]]

==References==
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<ref name=USGS1>{{cite web|title=M5.9 – Pakistan|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp000e12f#general_summary|publisher=United States Geological Survey}}</ref>
<ref name=USGS2>{{cite web|title=M5.8 – Pakistan|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp000e12h#general_summary|publisher=United States Geological Survey|access-date=28 August 2017|archive-date=14 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214122233/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp000e12h#general_summary|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name=USGS3>{{cite web|title=M6.4 – Pakistan|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp000e166#general_summary|publisher=United States Geological Survey|access-date=28 August 2017|archive-date=10 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010004015/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp000e166#general_summary|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

==Further reading==
* {{citation|title=Displacement field and slip distribution of the 2005 Kashmir earthquake from SAR imagery|url=http://bullard.esc.cam.ac.uk/~rwalker/pdf/2006_kashmir_grl.pdf|first1=E.|last1=Pathier|first2=E. J.|last2=Fielding|first3=T. J.|last3=Wright|first4=R.|last4=Walker|first5=B. E.|last5=Parsons|first6=S.|last6=Hensley|year=2006|journal=Geophysical Research Letters|volume=33|issue=L20310|pages=L20310|doi=10.1029/2006GL027193|bibcode=2006GeoRL..3320310P|doi-access=free}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links|2005 Kashmir earthquake}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120301233509/http://azfarrizvi.com/home/portfolio/earthquake-diaries/ Television series 'Earthquake Diaries' on the rescue efforts]
*[http://www.ips-dc.org/articles/the_earthquake_and_the_us_response The Earthquake and the U.S. Response] – [[Institute for Policy Studies]]
*[http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/KashmirEarthquake/ When The Earth Moved Kashmir] – [[NASA Earth Observatory]]
*[http://www.ndma.gov.pk/new/aboutus/Earthquake2005.pdf The Kashmir Earthquake of October 8, 2005: Impacts in Pakistan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326041422/http://www.ndma.gov.pk/new/aboutus/Earthquake2005.pdf |date=26 March 2015 }} – [[Earthquake Engineering Research Institute]]
*[http://www.drgeorgepc.com/Earthquake2005Pakistan.html The Earthquake of 8 October 2005 in northern Pakistan] – George Pararas-Carayannis
*[http://www.dawn.com/news/1211695/remembering-oct-8-2005-the-day-the-earth-shook Remembering Oct 8, 2005: The day the earth shook] – ''[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]''
*{{EQ-isc-link|7703077}}
*{{ReliefWeb-link|eq-2005-000174-pak}}

{{Earthquakes in 2005}}
{{Earthquakes in India}}
{{Earthquakes in Pakistan}}
{{Himalayan earthquakes}}
{{Portal bar|India|Pakistan|Earth sciences}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kashmir earthquake, 2005}}
[[Category:2005 disasters in Asia]]
[[Category:2005 disasters in India]]
[[Category:2005 disasters in Pakistan]]
[[Category:2005 Kashmir earthquake| ]]
[[Category:2005 earthquakes]]
[[Category:21st century in Azad Kashmir]]
[[Category:Earthquakes in Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Earthquakes in Kashmir]]
[[Category:Disasters in Azad Kashmir]]
[[Category:October 2005 in Asia]]
[[Category:October 2005 in Pakistan]]
[[Category:October 2005 in Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Economic history of Azad Kashmir]]

Hirakud Express

2026-02-24T16:24:55Z

DigitalKush: added references

{{short description|Train in India}}{{Italic title}}{{distinguish|Hirakhand Express}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Hirakud Superfast Express
| image = Heerakund express.jpg
| caption = Hirakud Superfast Express At [[Jalandhar City Junction railway station]]
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express train]]
| locale = [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Odisha]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Delhi]], [[Haryana]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|1992|07|01}}
| last =
| operator = [[South Coast Railway zone|South Coast Railway]]
| start = {{stnlnk|Visakhapatnam}} (VSKP) 00.10(D)/21.10(A)
| stops = 45
| end = {{stnlnk|Amritsar Junction}} (ASR) 21.25(A)/23.55(D)
| distance = {{convert|2584.8|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 45 hours 15 minutes
| frequency = Tri-weekly
| class = AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper Class, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = Available
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = Under the seats
| otherfacilities =
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 20807 / 20808
| speed = {{convert|57.15|km/h|abbr=on}} average with halts.
| map = [[File:Hirakud (Hirakund) Express Route map.jpg|250px]]
| map_state =
}}

The 20807 / 20808 '''Hirakud Superfast Express''' is a tri-weekly express train which runs between [[Amritsar]] and [[Visakhapatnam]]. It passes through the cities of [[Jalandhar]], [[Ludhiana]], [[Ambala]], [[Panipat]], [[Delhi]], [[Mathura]], [[Agra]], [[Gwalior]], [[Jhansi]], [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]], [[Damoh]], [[Katni]], [[Umaria]], [[Shahdol]], [[Anuppur]], [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]], [[Raigarh]], [[Jharsuguda]], [[Sambalpur]], [[Angul]], [[Talcher]], [[Dhenkanal]], [[Naraj Marthapur railway station]], [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Khurda Road]], [[Berhampur|Brahmapur]], [[Palasa]], [[Srikakulam Road]] & [[Vizianagaram]]. Hira means diamond and Kud means island in [[Sambalpuri language]] spoken in Western Odisha. Sambalpur was famous as an ancient diamond mine and reference about it can be found in the works of [[Claudius Ptolemy]], [[Edward Gibbon]], [[Jean-Baptiste Tavernier]]. Hirakud Express is named after the famous [[Hirakud Dam]] in [[Sambalpur]], [[Odisha]] which is one of the longest dams of India.

==History==

It was initially introduced between [[Sambalpur]] and [[Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station]] (Delhi) in 1992 as '''4087/4088 Hirakud Express''' with reversals at [[Katni]] and [[Jharsuguda]]. For the 1st 10 yrs Hirakud Express was covering {{convert|1394.2|km|0|abbr=on}} kms in 25 hours 30 minutes running at {{convert|54.27|km/h|abbr=on}} speed. Later in 2002 it was extended to [[Bhubaneswar]] with number change to 8407/8408 with added reversal at [[Talcher]]. Timings were same in [[Sambalpur]] - [[Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station]] and vice versa direction. In 2012, Hirakud Express was extended to [[Visakhapatnam]] from [[Bhubaneswar]] and Amritsar from [[Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station]] and number was changed to 18507/18508. The '''18507/18508 Hirakud Express''' was taking a whooping 47 hours to cover {{convert|2584.8|km|0|abbr=on}} running at {{convert|55|km/h|abbr=on}} speed. Train used reversal at 3 stops [[Talcher]], [[Sambalpur]] and [[Jharsuguda]] as it was avoiding reversal at [[Katni]] by bypassing via {{stnlnk|Katni Murwara Junction}}. From 2017 onwards, with the inauguration of {{stnlnk|Jharsuguda Road}}, bypass station for [[Jharsuguda]], the train uses reversal at [[Talcher]] and [[Sambalpur]] only.

==Coach composition==
The coach composition of the 20807/20808 Hirakud Express is:

* 1 AC 2 Tier
* 4 AC 3 Tier
* 6 Sleeper Class
* 4 Second Class(Unreserved)
* 1 Pantry Car
* 1 EOG
* 1 SRL
From Visakhapatnam to Amritsar 
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightgreen;"| Loco
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightgrey;"| 1
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightyellow;"| 2
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightpink;"| 3
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightpink;"| 4
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightpink;"| 5
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightpink;"| 6
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightpink;"| 7
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightgrey;"| 8
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightpink;"| 9
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 10
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 11
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 12
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 13
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 14
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightyellow;"| 15
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightyellow;"| 16
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightyellow;"| 17
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightgrey;"| 18
|-
|[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|25px]] ||EOG||GEN||S1||S2||S3||S4||S5||PC||S6||A1||B1||B2||B3||B4||GEN||GEN||GEN||SLR||
|}
From Amritsar to Visakhapatnam 
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightgreen;"| Loco
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightgrey;"| 1
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightyellow;"| 2
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightyellow;"| 3
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightyellow;"| 4
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 5
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 6
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 7
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 8
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 9
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightpink;"| 10
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightgrey;"| 11
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightpink;"| 12
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightpink;"| 13
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightpink;"| 14
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightpink;"| 15
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightpink;"| 16
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightyellow;"| 17
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightgrey;"| 18
|-
|[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|25px]] ||SLR||GEN||GEN||GEN||B4||B3||B2||B1||A1||S6||PC||S5||S4||S3||S2||S1||GEN||EOG||
|}

==Timetable==
*20807- Starts from Visakhapatnam every Saturday, Tuesday and Friday at 00.10 am & reaches Amritsar Junction on 3rd day at 21.25 pm.
*20808- Starts from Amritsar Jn every Wednesday, Saturday and Sunday at 23.55 pm & and reaches Visakhapatnam on 3rd day at 21.10 pm.

==Route & halts==

* '''{{stnlnk|Visakhapatnam Junction}}'''
* {{stnlnk|Vizianagaram Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Srikakulam Road}}
* {{stnlnk|Palasa}}
* {{stnlnk|Brahmapur}}
* {{stnlnk|Khurda Road Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Bhubaneswar}}
* {{stnlnk|Naraj Marthapur}}
* {{stnlnk|Dhenkanal}}
* {{stnlnk|Talcher}}
* {{stnlnk|Angul}}
* {{stnlnk|Sambalpur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Jharsuguda Road}}
* {{stnlnk|Champa Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Bilaspur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Anuppur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Shahdol}}
* {{stnlnk|Umaria}}
* {{stnlnk|Katni Murwara Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Damoh}}
* {{stnlnk|Saugor}}
* {{stnlnk|Bina Malkedi}}
* {{stnlnk|Virangana Lakshmibai Jhansi Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Gwalior Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Agra Cantonment}}
* {{stnlnk|Mathura Junction}}
* [[Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station]]
* {{stnlnk|New Delhi}}
* {{stnlnk|Panipat Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Kurukshetra Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Ambala Cantonment Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Ludhiana Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Jalandhar City Junction}}
* '''{{stnlnk|Amritsar Junction}}'''.

==Rake sharing==
The train shares its rake with 20811/20812 [[Visakhapatnam–Hazur Sahib Nanded Superfast Express]].

==Traction==
It is hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Visakhapatnam|Visakhapatnam Loco Shed]] based [[WAP-7]] electric locomotive on its entire journey.

==See also==

*[[Indian Railways coaching stock]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://indiarailinfo.com/train/635]

{{Railways in Southern India}}
{{Railway lines in Eastern India}}
{{Railways in Northern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hirakud Express}}
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]
[[Category:Transport in Amritsar]]
[[Category:Transport in Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Odisha]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Haryana]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 1992]]

Ankur Singh

2026-02-22T19:24:47Z

DigitalKush: made some biography v1...

{{Short description|American scientist}}
{{resume-like|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox academic
| title = Carl Ring Family Professor
| image = Ankur Singh, Professor, Georgia Tech.jpg
| caption =
| birth_place = [[Varanasi]], India
| alma_mater = [[Georgia Institute of Technology]] [[The University of Texas at Austin]] 
[[Indian Institute of Technology Bombay]]
| known_for = Human Immune Organoids, Biomaterials, Lymphoma and Cancer Technologies
| discipline = [[Biomedical engineering]]
| sub_discipline = [[immunology|Immune]] and [[tissue engineering]], [[nanomaterials]] and [[biomaterials]], [[vaccines]]
| employer = [[Georgia Institute of Technology]]
[[Cornell University]]
}}
'''Ankur Singh''' ([[Hindi]]: अंकुर सिंह) is an [[Indian Americans|Indian-American]] [[Biomedical engineering|biomedical engineer]] and scientist whose research focuses on engineering [[immune system]]. He is a Carl Ring Family Endowed Professor at [[Georgia Tech|Georgia Institute of Technology]] in the [[George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering]] and [[Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ankur_Singh_me |url=https://www.me.gatech.edu/faculty/singh |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=www.me.gatech.edu }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Faculty Profile {{!}} Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering |url=https://bme.gatech.edu/bme/faculty/Ankur-Singh |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=bme.gatech.edu}}</ref> He serves as the director of the Center for Immunoengineering at [[Georgia Tech]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Center for Immunoengineering at Georgia Tech – Just another Sites @ Georgia Tech site |url=https://immunoengineering.gatech.edu/ |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=immunoengineering.gatech.edu}}</ref>

== Education and work ==
Singh completed his PhD in [[Biomedical engineering|Biomedical Engineering]] at [[University of Texas at Austin|The University of Texas at Austin]] in 2010,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ankur Singh, Ph.D. 2010 - Department of Biomedical Engineering |url=https://bme.utexas.edu/connect/alumni-profiles/ankur-singh-phd-10 |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=bme.utexas.edu}}</ref> working with leading biomedical scientist, Krishnendu Roy, now Dean of Engineering at [[Vanderbilt University]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 17, 2023 |title=Vanderbilt names esteemed biomedical engineer Krishnendu Roy as next dean of School of Engineering |url=https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2023/04/17/vanderbilt-names-esteemed-biomedical-engineer-krishnendu-roy-as-next-dean-of-school-of-engineering/ |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=Vanderbilt University }}</ref> His doctoral thesis focused on bioengineered [[immunotherapy]] where he led the development of an injectable, in situ crosslinkable [[hydrogel]] - [[microparticle]] [[vaccine]] formulation to attract [[dendritic cell]]s to the site of injection and bias [[T cell]] immune response against infection and [[lymphoma]] cancer.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=Ankur |last2=Nie |first2=Hui |last3=Ghosn |first3=Bilal |last4=Qin |first4=Hong |last5=Kwak |first5=Larry W. |last6=Roy |first6=Krishnendu |date=December 2008 |title=Efficient modulation of T-cell response by dual-mode, single-carrier delivery of cytokine-targeted siRNA and DNA vaccine to antigen-presenting cells |journal=Molecular Therapy: The Journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy |volume=16 |issue=12 |pages=2011–2021 |doi=10.1038/mt.2008.206 |issn=1525-0024 |pmid=18813280|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=Ankur |last2=Suri |first2=Shalu |last3=Roy |first3=Krishnendu |date=October 2009 |title=In-situ crosslinking hydrogels for combinatorial delivery of chemokines and siRNA-DNA carrying microparticles to dendritic cells |journal=Biomaterials |volume=30 |issue=28 |pages=5187–5300 |doi=10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.06.001 |issn=0142-9612 |pmc=2818033 |pmid=19560815}}</ref> The combinatorial vaccine was among the early works to demonstrate the co-delivery of [[Chemotaxis|chemoattractants]], [[DNA]], and [[Small interfering RNA|siRNA]] to the same immune cell.<ref name="auto"/>

Singh immigrated to the United States in 2006 following a Master of Technology in biomedical engineering from the [[IIT Bombay|Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay]], and a Bachelor of Engineering in [[biochemical engineering]] from [[Kumaun University|Kumaon University]], India. His master's thesis at IIT-Bombay focused on studying [[lipid]] [[nanoparticle]]s for cancer treatment, working with Rinti Banerjee.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Joshi |first1=Nitin |last2=Shirsath |first2=Nitesh |last3=Singh |first3=Ankur |last4=Joshi |first4=Kalpana S. |last5=Banerjee |first5=Rinti |date=2014-11-18 |title=Endogenous lung surfactant inspired pH responsive nanovesicle aerosols: pulmonary compatible and site-specific drug delivery in lung metastases |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=4 |article-number=7085 |doi=10.1038/srep07085 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=4235800 |pmid=25403950|bibcode=2014NatSR...4.7085J }}</ref>

Singh completed his postdoctoral training with bioengineering pioneer Andrés J. García and was co-advised by stem cell expert Todd McDevitt at Georgia Institute of Technology (2010–2013). His postdoctoral research, reported in [[Nature Methods]], developed a first microfluidics platform for adhesion strength–based, label-free isolation of human induced [[Induced pluripotent stem cell|pluripotent stem cells]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Abilez |first1=Oscar J. |last2=Wu |first2=Joseph C. |date=June 2013 |title=Differential stickiness |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nmat3664 |journal=Nature Materials |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=474–476 |doi=10.1038/nmat3664 |pmid=23695740 |bibcode=2013NatMa..12..474A |issn=1476-4660|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=Ankur |last2=Suri |first2=Shalu |last3=Lee |first3=Ted |last4=Chilton |first4=Jamie M |last5=Cooke |first5=Marissa T |last6=Chen |first6=Weiqiang |last7=Fu |first7=Jianping |last8=Stice |first8=Steven L |last9=Lu |first9=Hang |last10=McDevitt |first10=Todd C |last11=García |first11=Andrés J |date=May 2013 |title=Adhesion strength–based, label-free isolation of human pluripotent stem cells |journal=Nature Methods |volume=10 |issue=5 |pages=438–444 |doi=10.1038/nmeth.2437 |issn=1548-7091 |pmc=3641175 |pmid=23563795}}</ref><ref>{{Cite patent |number=US10106780B2 |title=Adhesive signature-based methods for the isolation of stem cells and cells derived therefrom |gdate=2018-10-23 |invent1=Singh |invent2=Suri |invent3=McDevitt |invent4=Lu |inventor1-first=Ankur |inventor2-first=Shalu |inventor3-first=Todd Christopher |inventor4-first=Hang |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US10106780B2/en}}</ref> This work was featured by the director of [[National Institutes of Health|National Institute of Health]], [[Francis Collins]], in his NIH Director's blog.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Dr Francis |date=2013-05-16 |title=Exploiting Stem Cell Stickiness for Sorting |url=https://directorsblog.nih.gov/2013/05/16/exploiting-stem-cell-stickiness-for-sorting/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025044452/http://directorsblog.nih.gov/2013/05/16/exploiting-stem-cell-stickiness-for-sorting/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 25, 2013 |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=NIH Director's Blog }}</ref> Singh then joined [[Cornell University]] as an assistant professor from 2013 to 2019, and was promoted to associate professor with tenure in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ankur Singh {{!}} Cornell Engineering |url=https://www.engineering.cornell.edu/about/branding-microsite/independent-thinkers/faculty-stories/ankur-singh |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=www.engineering.cornell.edu}}</ref> In 2020,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=Ankur Singh Joining the Coulter Department as Associate Professor |url=https://bme.gatech.edu/bme/news/ankur-singh-joining-coulter-department-associate-professor |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=bme.gatech.edu }}</ref> he transitioned to the [[Georgia Tech|Georgia Institute of Technology]], where he was an [[Associate professor|Associate Professor]] until 2023, after which he was promoted to professor of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, a position he currently holds. In 2024, Singh was appointed as the Carl Ring Family endowed professor of mechanical engineering.<ref>{{Cite web |title=7 Woodruff School Faculty Members Awarded Professorships {{!}} George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering |url=https://www.me.gatech.edu/news/7-woodruff-school-faculty-members-awarded-professorships |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=www.me.gatech.edu}}</ref>

Singh is a pioneering researcher and inventor in the field of immune [[organoid]]s, a discipline he has advanced and established as a significant area of scholarly research. His work has established a first synthetic immune organ to understand healthy and diseased immune cells and translate therapeutics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=First functional, synthetic immune organ with controllable antibodies |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/06/150610175603.htm |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=ScienceDaily }}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2017-01-16 |title=Engineers Tackle Growing Threat of Infectious Diseases |url=https://www.contagionlive.com/view/engineers-tackle-growing-threat-of-infectious-diseases |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=ContagionLive }}</ref> His research focuses on developing biomaterials-engineered "living" immune tissues, such as organoids and [[Organ-on-a-chip|on-chip]] models, to replicate the structural and functional features of [[lymph node]]s. By applying engineering principles, he investigates the cellular and biophysical interactions between [[Lymphatic system|lymphoid tissues]], immune cells, and tumors. His laboratory explores how immune cells make decisions at the cellular, molecular, and [[Epigenetics|epigenetic]] levels to enhance protection against infections, cancer, and inflammation. Singh has published more than 75 journal articles, 15 issued/pending patents, and more than 95 Keynote and invited talks. Singh has published extensively in the area of immune engineering, biomaterials, hydrogels, nanotechnology, and lymphoma. His work has been published in leading peer-reviewed journals, including ''[[Nature Methods]]'',<ref name=":0" /> ''[[Nature Materials]]'',<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Shah |first1=Shivem B. |last2=Carlson |first2=Christopher R. |last3=Lai |first3=Kristine |last4=Zhong |first4=Zhe |last5=Marsico |first5=Grazia |last6=Lee |first6=Katherine M. |last7=Félix Vélez |first7=Nicole E. |last8=Abeles |first8=Elisabeth B. |last9=Allam |first9=Mayar |last10=Hu |first10=Thomas |last11=Walter |first11=Lauren D. |last12=Martin |first12=Karen E. |last13=Gandhi |first13=Khanjan |last14=Butler |first14=Scott D. |last15=Puri |first15=Rishi |date=April 2023 |title=Combinatorial treatment rescues tumour-microenvironment-mediated attenuation of MALT1 inhibitors in B-cell lymphomas |journal=Nature Materials |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=511–523 |doi=10.1038/s41563-023-01495-3 |issn=1476-4660 |pmc=10069918 |pmid=36928381 |bibcode=2023NatMa..22..511S}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Singh |first=Ankur |date=January 2020 |title=Materials modulate immunity and gut microbiome |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41563-019-0557-3 |journal=Nature Materials |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=3–4 |doi=10.1038/s41563-019-0557-3 |pmid=31853034 |bibcode=2020NatMa..19....3S |issn=1476-4660|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Ted T. |last2=García |first2=José R. |last3=Paez |first3=Julieta I. |last4=Singh |first4=Ankur |last5=Phelps |first5=Edward A. |last6=Weis |first6=Simone |last7=Shafiq |first7=Zahid |last8=Shekaran |first8=Asha |last9=del Campo |first9=Aránzazu |last10=García |first10=Andrés J. |date=March 2015 |title=Light-triggered in vivo activation of adhesive peptides regulates cell adhesion, inflammation and vascularization of biomaterials |journal=Nature Materials |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=352–360 |doi=10.1038/nmat4157 |issn=1476-4660 |pmc=4336636 |pmid=25502097 |bibcode=2015NatMa..14..352L}}</ref> ''[[Nature Nanotechnology]]'',<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Yee Mon |first1=Kristel J. |last2=Kim |first2=Sungwoong |last3=Dai |first3=Zhonghao |last4=West |first4=Jessica D. |last5=Zhu |first5=Hongya |last6=Jain |first6=Ritika |last7=Grimson |first7=Andrew |last8=Rudd |first8=Brian D. |last9=Singh |first9=Ankur |date=August 2024 |title=Functionalized nanowires for miRNA-mediated therapeutic programming of naïve T cells |journal=Nature Nanotechnology |volume=19 |issue=8 |pages=1190–1202 |doi=10.1038/s41565-024-01649-7 |issn=1748-3395 |pmc=11330359 |pmid=38684809 |bibcode=2024NatNa..19.1190Y }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Singh |first=Ankur |date=January 2021 |title=Eliciting B cell immunity against infectious diseases using nanovaccines |journal=Nature Nanotechnology |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=16–24 |doi=10.1038/s41565-020-00790-3 |issn=1748-3395 |pmc=7855692 |pmid=33199883 |bibcode=2021NatNa..16...16S}}</ref> ''[[Nature Immunology]]'',<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Choe |first1=Kibaek |last2=Hontani |first2=Yusaku |last3=Wang |first3=Tianyu |last4=Hebert |first4=Eric |last5=Ouzounov |first5=Dimitre G. |last6=Lai |first6=Kristine |last7=Singh |first7=Ankur |last8=Béguelin |first8=Wendy |last9=Melnick |first9=Ari M. |last10=Xu |first10=Chris |date=February 2022 |title=Intravital three-photon microscopy allows visualization over the entire depth of mouse lymph nodes |journal=Nature Immunology |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=330–340 |doi=10.1038/s41590-021-01101-1 |issn=1529-2916 |pmc=9210714 |pmid=35087231}}</ref> ''[[Nature Communications]]'',<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Béguelin |first1=Wendy |last2=Rivas |first2=Martín A. |last3=Calvo Fernández |first3=María T. |last4=Teater |first4=Matt |last5=Purwada |first5=Alberto |last6=Redmond |first6=David |last7=Shen |first7=Hao |last8=Challman |first8=Matt F. |last9=Elemento |first9=Olivier |last10=Singh |first10=Ankur |last11=Melnick |first11=Ari M. |date=2017-10-12 |title=EZH2 enables germinal centre formation through epigenetic silencing of CDKN1A and an Rb-E2F1 feedback loop |journal=Nature Communications |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=877 |doi=10.1038/s41467-017-01029-x |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=5638898 |pmid=29026085 |bibcode=2017NatCo...8..877B}}</ref> ''[[Nature Reviews Materials]]'',<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kim |first1=Sungwoong |last2=Shah |first2=Shivem B. |last3=Graney |first3=Pamela L. |last4=Singh |first4=Ankur |date=June 2019 |title=Multiscale engineering of immune cells and lymphoid organs |journal=Nature Reviews Materials |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=355–378 |doi=10.1038/s41578-019-0100-9 |issn=2058-8437 |pmc=6941786 |pmid=31903226 |bibcode=2019NatRM...4..355K}}</ref> and ''[[Nature Protocols]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Purwada |first1=Alberto |last2=Singh |first2=Ankur |date=January 2017 |title=Immuno-engineered organoids for regulating the kinetics of B-cell development and antibody production |journal=Nature Protocols |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=168–182 |doi=10.1038/nprot.2016.157 |issn=1750-2799 |pmc=6355337 |pmid=28005068}}</ref> His immune organoids were identified among the Top 100 Discoveries of 2015 by ''Discover Magazine,''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Discover Magazine |url=https://www.discovermagazine.com/magazine/2016/january-february |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=www.discovermagazine.com}}</ref> and were featured in ''[[The Scientist (magazine)|The Scientist]]'' magazine,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Orchestrating Organoids |url=https://www.the-scientist.com/orchestrating-organoids-34896 |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=The Scientist Magazine® }}</ref> and ''Contagion'' news.<ref name=":6" />

In a "News & Views" article featured in ''Nature Nanotechnology'', immunotherapy experts Luca Gattinoni and Dragana Slavkovic-Lukic compared the potential impact of Singh's [[nanowire]] technology on cancer treatment to Neil Armstrong's first step on the moon, suggesting that just as that moment opened new horizons in space exploration, nanowires could revolutionize cancer treatment by advancing naïve T cell-based immunotherapy.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Slavkovic-Lukic |first1=Dragana |last2=Gattinoni |first2=Luca |date=August 2024 |title=Nanowires engineer naive T cells for immunotherapy |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-024-01651-z |journal=Nature Nanotechnology |volume=19 |issue=8 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.1038/s41565-024-01651-z |pmid=38802668 |bibcode=2024NatNa..19.1085S |issn=1748-3395|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nanowires Create Elite Warriors to Enhance T-Cell Therapy {{!}} Research |url=https://research.gatech.edu/nanowires-create-elite-warriors-enhance-t-cell-therapy |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=research.gatech.edu}}</ref> His contributions to the development of organotypic models of lymphoma has further led to discovery that a cancerous lymphoid tumor microenvironment not only promotes lymphoma growth but also diminishes the effectiveness of molecular inhibitors.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gaharwar |first1=Akhilesh K. |last2=Singh |first2=Irtisha |date=April 2023 |title=A synthetic tumour microenvironment |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41563-023-01511-6 |journal=Nature Materials |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=412–413 |doi=10.1038/s41563-023-01511-6 |pmid=36928384 |bibcode=2023NatMa..22..412G |issn=1476-4660|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Groundbreaking Lymphoma Tumor Model Paves Way for New Therapies {{!}} Research |url=https://research.gatech.edu/groundbreaking-lymphoma-tumor-model-paves-way-new-therapies |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=research.gatech.edu }}</ref> His lymphoma tumor models have helped translate lab research findings to Phase I clinical trial of [[Tazemetostat]] in combination with [[Venetoclax]] in patients with relapsed/refractory [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma|Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Scholze |first1=Hanna |last2=Stephenson |first2=Regan E. |last3=Reynolds |first3=Raymond |last4=Shah |first4=Shivem |last5=Puri |first5=Rishi |last6=Butler |first6=Scott D. |last7=Trujillo-Alonso |first7=Vicenta |last8=Teater |first8=Matthew R. |last9=van Besien |first9=Herman |last10=Gibbs-Curtis |first10=Destini |last11=Ueno |first11=Hideki |last12=Parvin |first12=Salma |last13=Letai |first13=Anthony |last14=Mathew |first14=Susan |last15=Singh |first15=Ankur |date=2020-10-27 |title=Combined EZH2 and Bcl-2 inhibitors as precision therapy for genetically defined DLBCL subtypes |journal=Blood Advances |volume=4 |issue=20 |pages=5226–5231 |doi=10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002580 |pmid=33104794 |issn=2473-9529|pmc=7594393 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=ClinicalTrials.gov |url=https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05618366?tab=history&a=2 |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=clinicaltrials.gov| date=30 May 2024 }}</ref> In addition, he also co-edited biomedical textbook entitled "Microscale Technologies for Cell Engineering", with [[Akhilesh K. Gaharwar]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-20726-1 |title=Microscale Technologies for Cell Engineering |date=2016 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-20726-1 |isbn=978-3-319-20725-4 |editor-last1=Singh |editor-last2=Gaharwar |editor-first1=Ankur |editor-first2=Akhilesh K.}}</ref> In 2022, Dr. Singh was nominated, reviewed, and elected by peers and members of the [[American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering]] (AIMBE) College of Fellows "''for creative integration of biomaterials development and cell manupulations exvivo/in vivo to design synthetic materials for ex vivo immune tissues,"'' an honor reserved for the top 2% of medical and biological engineers globally.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Singh Elected to AIMBE College of Fellows {{!}} George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering |url=https://www.me.gatech.edu/news/singh-elected-aimbe-college-fellows |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=www.me.gatech.edu}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Ankur Singh, Ph.D. COF-7119 - AIMBE |url=https://aimbe.org/college-of-fellows/COF-7119/ |access-date=2024-09-02 }}</ref>

He has received funding from the [[National Institutes of Health|National Institute of Health]], [[National Science Foundation]], Wellcome Leap HOPE,<ref name=":4" /> [[United States Department of Defense|US Department of Defense]],<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Singh wins grant from defense department for cancer research {{!}} Cornell Chronicle |url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2017/05/singh-wins-grant-defense-department-cancer-research |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=news.cornell.edu }}</ref> [[Defense Threat Reduction Agency]], and the Curci Foundation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2022 Research Grants – Shurl and Kay Curci Foundation |url=https://curcifoundation.org/research-grants/2022-research-grants/ |access-date=2024-09-02 }}</ref> In 2021, Singh was selected by Wellcome Leap HOPE, a global Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Homepage |url=https://wellcomeleap.org/ |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=Wellcome Leap: Unconventional Projects. Funded at Scale. }}</ref> to lead a team of researchers from the Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, as part of the nonprofit's international $50 million Human Organs, Physiology, and Engineering (HOPE) program.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=Wellcome Leap Grant Funds Work to Create Human Immune Responses |url=https://bme.gatech.edu/bme/news/wellcome-leap-grant-funds-work-create-human-immune-responses |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=bme.gatech.edu }}</ref> Singh is an associate editor of scientific journals Science Advances,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.science.org/content/page/science-advances-editorial-working-groups | title=Editorial Working Groups }}</ref> Biomaterials,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Editorial board - Biomaterials {{!}} ScienceDirect.com by Elsevier |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/biomaterials/about/editorial-board |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=www.sciencedirect.com}}</ref> and Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering |url=https://link.springer.com/journal/12195/editors |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=SpringerLink }}</ref> He serves on the Executive Advisory Board of Advanced NanoBiomed Research,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/page/journal/26999307/homepage/editorial-board|title=Advanced NanoBiomed Research Editorial Advisory Board}}</ref> and served as an Associate Scientific Advisor for Science Translational Medicine for 2018-2019, where he wrote editor's choice articles.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Singh |first=Ankur |date=2019-01-16 |title=T cells, the last samurai against humoral rejection in lung transplants |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw5313 |journal=Science Translational Medicine |volume=11 |issue=475 |article-number=eaaw5313 |doi=10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw5313 |issn=1946-6234|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Singh |first=Ankur |date=2018-11-14 |title=Charting the course of metastatic cells |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.aav9142 |journal=Science Translational Medicine |volume=10 |issue=467 |article-number=eaav9142 |doi=10.1126/scitranslmed.aav9142 |issn=1946-6234|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Singh |first=Ankur |date=2018-09-19 |title=Send in the decoys: Cell-like particles ameliorate inflammatory autoimmune arthritis |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.aav0341 |journal=Science Translational Medicine |volume=10 |issue=459 |article-number=eaav0341 |doi=10.1126/scitranslmed.aav0341 |issn=1946-6234|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Singh |first=Ankur |date=2018-07-25 |title=Convection-enhanced delivery of drugs for deadliest pediatric brain tumors |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.aau7380 |journal=Science Translational Medicine |volume=10 |issue=451 |article-number=eaau7380 |doi=10.1126/scitranslmed.aau7380 |issn=1946-6234|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Singh |first=Ankur |date=2018-05-30 |title=Bactericide hydrogel prevents orthopedic implant infections |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.aau0463 |journal=Science Translational Medicine |volume=10 |issue=443 |article-number=eaau0463 |doi=10.1126/scitranslmed.aau0463 |issn=1946-6234|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Singh |first=Ankur |date=2018-04-04 |title=Targeting a conserved epitope: A new chink in malaria's armor |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.aat3890 |journal=Science Translational Medicine |volume=10 |issue=435 |article-number=eaat3890 |doi=10.1126/scitranslmed.aat3890 |issn=1946-6234|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Singh |first=Ankur |date=2018-02-07 |title=No one is naïve: Young infant's immunity can dodge Darwinian selection |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.aar7530 |journal=Science Translational Medicine |volume=10 |issue=427 |article-number=eaar7530 |doi=10.1126/scitranslmed.aar7530 |issn=1946-6234|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Singh is known for his commitment to fostering a collaborative learning environment and encouraging students to engage in interdisciplinary research. He teaches a variety of courses related to fundamentals of biomedical engineering to specialized courses in biomaterials, biofluid mechanics, tissue engineering, and immunoengineering. For his pedagogy, he has received Georgia Tech Student Recognition of Excellence in Teaching Award (2023) and John Swanson '61 ME Teaching Excellence Award from Cornell Engineering (2017).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Bethany |date=2024-02-02 |title=Georgia Tech 2023 CIOS Award Winners |url=https://blog.ctl.gatech.edu/2024/02/02/georgia-tech-2023-cios-award-winners/ |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=On Teaching and Learning @ Georgia Tech }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Congratulations to Professor Ankur Singh for being a recipient of the 2016-2017 Excellence in Teaching Award {{!}} Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering |url=https://www.mae.cornell.edu/news/congratulations-professor-ankur-singh-being-recipient-2016-2017-excellence-teaching-award |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=www.mae.cornell.edu}}</ref> An advocate of work-life balance in academic career, in 2024 Singh shared with [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] how he is thriving in academia and what fuels his passion for it.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Landhuis |first=Esther |date=2024-03-12 |title=11 reasons why we've stayed in academia |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00724-2 |journal=Nature |volume=627 |issue=8003 |pages=453–454 |doi=10.1038/d41586-024-00724-2|pmid=38472329 |bibcode=2024Natur.627..453L |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== Awards ==
* 2022: Fellow of [[American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering]]<ref name=":3" />
* 2022: Society for Biomaterials Mid Career Award
* 2017: Member of the [[National Academy of Engineering]] EU-US Frontiers of Engineering (EU-US FOE)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ankur Singh |url=https://dev.naefrontiers.org/184435/Ankur-Singh |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=dev.foe.diamax.com}}</ref>
* 2017: Department of Defense Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs Career Award<ref name=":5" />
* 2017: Society for Biomaterials Young Investigator Award<ref>{{Cite web |title=Singh honored as top young investigator by biomaterials society {{!}} Cornell Chronicle |url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2016/12/singh-honored-top-young-investigator-biomaterials-society |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=news.cornell.edu }}</ref>
* 2016: US [[National Science Foundation]] CAREER Award (DMR: BMAT)<ref>{{Cite web |title=NSF Award Search: Award # 2034202 - CAREER: DYNAMIC LIVING HYDROGEL NETWORKS FOR SPATIO-TEMPORAL CONTROL OF CELL SIGNALING |url=https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2034202 |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=www.nsf.gov}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Ankur}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Cornell University faculty]]
[[Category:Georgia Tech faculty]]
[[Category:American biomedical engineers]]
[[Category:American scientists of Asian descent]]
[[Category:Scientists from Georgia (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Army Public School, Gorakhpur

2026-02-21T08:47:13Z

DigitalKush: made first entry initial version...

{{more citations needed|date=November 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox school
| name = '''Army Public School, Kunraghat'''
| image = Aps school.jpg
| image_size = 300
| caption = The School Building
| address = [[NH-28]]
| region = Kunraghat
| city = [[Gorakhpur]]
| motto = '''Truth Is God'''
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| province =
| postal_code = 273008
| country = [[India]]
| patron = GOC, [[Central Command (India)|Central Command]]<ref name="info">{{Cite web|title=Army Public School {{!}} Management|url=https://www.apskgt.in/school-info.php?id=2|access-date=2021-08-13|website=www.apskgt.in}}</ref>
| established = 1954 (1994 reestablished)
| founder = Neena Thapa
| chairman = Commandant GRD, Kunraghat<ref name="info" />
<ref>{{cite web |title=Message from the Principal |url=https://www.apsgorakhpur.org.in/about-us.php?menu1_id=4 |website=Army Public School Gorakhpur |access-date=2 August 2023}}</ref>
| head_label = Governing body
| head = [[3rd Gorkha Rifles|III Gorkha Rifles]]
| officer_in_charge = SO, GRD Kunraghat
| teaching_staff = 85<ref name="careers">{{Cite web|title=Army Public School, Kunraghat, Gorakhpur: Admission, Fee, Facilities, Affiliation|url=https://school.careers360.com/schools/army-public-school-kunraghat-gorakhpur|access-date=2021-07-30|website=school.careers360.com|language=en}}</ref>
| status = {{color|orange|Open}}
| school_board = [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]]
| district = [[Gorakhpur District]]
| trust = [[Army Welfare Education Society]]
| enrollment = 2,208 students <ref name="careers" />
| classes = 1 - 12
| avg_class_size = 35
| language = [[English language|English]] (official) 
[[Hindi]]
| campus_size = {{convert|11.01|acre|ha}}<ref name="careers" />
| campus_type = [[Suburban]]
| other_names = Army School
| former_name = GRD School
| schooltype = Co-Ed, Day School
| fundingtype = Semi-private, Welfare funded
| religious_affiliation = [[Secularism|Secular]] {{small|([[de jure]])}} 
[[Agnostic]] [[Hinduism|Hindu]] {{small|([[de facto]])}}
| coordinates = {{coord|26.7483|83.4222}}
| free_label = Identification symbol
| yearbook = ''Excelsior''
| fees = {{INRConvert|30155}} to {{INRConvert|80570}} per annum {{small|(varies with class and criteria)}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=Army Public School Fee Structure {{!}} Gorakhpur |url=https://apsgorakhpur.org.in/admission.php?menu5_id=3 |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=apsgorakhpur.org.in}}</ref>
| houses = {{bulleted list|{{color box|red}} Dhan Singh Thapa|{{color box|green}} Manekshaw| {{color box|blue}} Manoj Pandey|{{color box|yellow}} Salaria}}
| colors = {{color box|#660033}} {{color box|white}} {{color box|#71797E}} Burgundy, White and Steel Gray
| affiliation = [[Central Board of Secondary Education]]
| free_text = {{centre|[[File:Gorkha Hat logo.svg||frameless|upright=0.9|class=skin-invert|80px]]}}
| website = https://www.apsgorakhpur.org.in
}}
'''Army Public School, Kunraghat, Gorakhpur''' is a school located in the Kunraghat area, in [[Gorakhpur]], [[India]]. It is operated under [[Indian Army]] supervision under the aegis of the [[Army Welfare Education Society]]. The school was founded in 1954 by Neena Thapa, wife of Colonel Gopal Kushal Singh Thapa, then Commandant GRD, Kunraghat. On 1 April 1994 it was re-designated as "Army School, Kunraghat" after the dissolution of the existing [[Gorkha Recruiting Depot]] (GRD) High School and the absorption of its students. The premises and assets of GRD High School in situ were transferred to Army School, Kunraghat.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Army Public School {{!}} Kunraghat, Gorakhpur (U.P)|url=https://apskgt.in/|access-date=2021-07-29|website=apskgt.in}}</ref> Most of the students in this school are from Army Background.{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|26.7483|83.4222|type:edu_region:IN-UP|display=title}}

[[Category:Education in Gorakhpur]]
[[Category:Indian Army Public Schools]]

Nakul Dubey

2026-02-16T16:30:02Z

DigitalKush: brief adjust information per standard format and updated info

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{BLP sources|date=February 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Nakul Dubey
| image =
| office = Minister of Urban Development, Environment and Prohibition [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]
| term = 2007 – 2012
| birth_date=
| birth_place=
| education = LL.B.
| party=[[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse=
| children =
}}

'''Nakul Dubey'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nakul Dubey: नकुल दुबे पर कांग्रेस का दांव कितना सही! क्या पार्टी की डूबती नैया को लगा पाएंगे पार? |url=https://www.amarujala.com/india-news/bsp-big-brahmin-face-nakul-dubey-joins-congress-party |access-date=2025-10-26 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-19 |title=Integral to BSP’s Brahmin outreach, Nakul Dubey thanks Mayawati for ‘setting him free’ |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/after-expulsion-dubey-thanks-mayawati-for-setting-me-free-7873931/ |access-date=2025-10-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=कांगेस जमीन पर लड़ रही किसानों, छात्रों व बेरोजगारों की लड़ाई: नकुल दुबे |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/azamgarh/congress-is-fighting-the-battle-of-farmers-students-and-unemployed-nakul-dubey-azamgarh-news-vns6799132162 |access-date=2025-10-26 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><ref>https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/azamgarh/news/azamgarh-congress-provincial-president-nakul-dubey-said-130459492.html {{Bare URL inline|date=July 2025}}</ref> is an Indian politician from the [[Indian National Congress]] and a former urban development minister in the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] when [[Mayawati]] was [[Chief Minister (India)|Chief Minister]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/elections-2014/nominations-for-lucknow-parliamentary-seat-begin-today-114040200111_1.html | title=Nominations for Lucknow parliamentary seat begin today | newspaper=Business Standard India | date=2 April 2014 }}</ref> '''[https://m.facebook.com/100086433914106/ Facebook]; [https://x.com/nakuldubeyup?lang=en X(earlier Twitter)]'''

Before joining [[politics]] in 2007, Dubey was an [[advocate]] by profession, practising in [[Lucknow High Court]]. He was also elected as a member of the [[Bar Council]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]] in 2006, securing the maximum votes in the state.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}}

Dubey quit his career as a lawyer in 2007 and contested the Uttar Pradesh [[Vidhan Sabha]] elections in the [[Mahona]] constituency as a BSP candidate. He was Minister of Urban Development, Environment and Prohibition during 2007–12.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}}

In 2012, Dubey contested the Legislative Assembly elections in [[Bakshi Kaa Talab (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bakshi Kaa Talab constituency]], [[Lucknow district]]. He lost by nearly 2,000 votes.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}}

Subsequently, in the 2014 Lok Sabha elections, Dubey stood as a candidate in [[Lucknow (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lucknow]]. Again, he did not win.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}}

In the [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] candidate Dubey lost to [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Avinash Trivedi]] by a margin of 17,584 votes.<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |title=State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |accessdate=18 August 2025 |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

Dubey was given the [[Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission]] Award for the best work in [[Kanpur]].

In 2019, he contested Lok Sabha elections from [[Sitapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sitapur]] on BSP seat but lost to [[Rajesh Verma (Sitapur politician)|Rajesh Verma]] of BJP.

In May 2022 he joined the Indian National Congress.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2022-05-26 |title=Former BSP leader Nakul Dubey joins Congress |url=https://theprint.in/india/ex-bsp-minister-nakul-dubey-joins-congress/971705/ |access-date=2025-10-26 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Positions held ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Description
|-
| 2007- 2012
| Elected to [[Fifteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|15th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]]
* Cabinet Minister - Urban Development {{small|(Excluding Urban Poverty Alleviation)}}, Environment, Urban Holistic Development, Taxes and Registration {{small|(Excluding institutional finance, Stamp and court fee)}}
|-
|}

==Electoral Performance==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Election
!colspan="2"|Party
!Constituency Name
!Result
!Votes gained
!Vote share%
!Margin
|-
|[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|[[Fifteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|15th UP Assembly]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]] 
|Mahona
|{{Won}}
|54,604
|26.38%
|2,177
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|[[Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|16th UP Assembly]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]] 
|[[Bakshi Ka Talab Assembly constituency|Bakshi Ka Talab]]
|{{Lost}}
|77,730
|35.88%
|1,899
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|[[16th Lok Sabha]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]] 
|[[Lucknow (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lucknow]]
|{{Lost}}
|64,449
|6.23%
|4,96,657
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|[[17th Uttar Pradesh Assembly|17th UP Assembly]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]] 
|[[Bakshi Ka Talab Assembly constituency|Bakshi Ka Talab]]
|{{Lost}}
|78,898
|29.80
|17,584
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[17th Lok Sabha]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]] 
|[[Sitapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sitapur]]
|{{Lost}}
|4,13,695
|38.86%
|1,00,833
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dubey, Nakul}}
[[Category:Politicians from Lucknow]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2007–2012]]
[[Category:Bahujan Samaj Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Bahujan Samaj Party candidates in the 2014 Indian general election]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Vandita Shrivastava

2026-02-12T03:22:09Z

DigitalKush: put up a data needs work

{{Short description|Indian actress and model}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Vandita Shrivastava
|image = vanditaactress.jpg
|image_size =
|caption = Vandita at a launch event in 2018
|birth_date =
|birth_place = [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
|education = MBA, LLB<ref name="televisionsworld.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.televisionsworld.com/talent-of-the-week-vandita-shrivastava/ |title=Talent of the week – Vandita Shrivastava |website=Televisionsworld.com |access-date=25 August 2018 |archive-date=28 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328161603/http://www.televisionsworld.com/talent-of-the-week-vandita-shrivastava/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="indianshowbiz.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.indianshowbiz.com/?tag=vandita-shrivastava |title=IndianShowBiz.com » Vandita Shrivastava |website=Indianshowbiz.com |access-date=25 August 2018}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/interview-with-actor-vandita-shrivastava/article6775348.ece |title=I have a dream |first=Archana |last=Subramanian |date=10 January 2015 |access-date=25 August 2018 |website=The Hindu}}</ref>
|occupation = [[Actress]], [[Model (person)|Model]]
|height = 
|years_active = 2011–present
}}

'''Vandita Shrivastava''' is an Indian actress and model. She started her acting career in 2011 with Short Films, Television, Commercial Advertisements and Ramp Modelling. She switched to acting in Hindi Films in 2012 and worked in 9 Hindi Films. She stands {{convert|5|ft|7|in|abbr=off}} tall.<ref name="auto1">{{cite news |title=The Shaukeens actress Vandita to be seen in Shamitabh |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/The-Shaukeens-actress-Vandita-to-be-seen-in-Shamitabh/articleshow/45468155.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{cite news |title=I have a dream |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/interview-with-actor-vandita-shrivastava/article6775348.ece |website=The Hindu|date=10 January 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Talent of the week – Vandita Shrivastava |url=http://www.televisionsworld.com/talent-of-the-week-vandita-shrivastava/ |website=Televisionsworld.com |access-date=4 November 2015 |archive-date=28 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328161603/http://www.televisionsworld.com/talent-of-the-week-vandita-shrivastava/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Her last release was [[Khajoor Pe Atke]] ,<ref name="indiatimes.com">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/bickram-scores-for-harsh-chhayas-directorial-debut/articleshow/62469465.cms |title=Bickram scores for Harsh Chhaya's directorial debut |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=25 August 2018}}</ref> in May 2018 and her upcoming film is [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/suniel-shettys-udja-nanhe-dil-premieres-at-toronto-international-film-festival-actor-says-the-film-could-be-an-eye-opener-for-modern-day-parents-exclusive/articleshow/94051081.cms Udd Jaa Nanhe Dil] releasing on 25 September 2023.<ref name="wordpress.com">{{cite web |url=https://aurousavatarentertainment.wordpress.com |title=Aurous Avatar Entertainment Success Stories |website=Aurous Avatar Entertainment Success Stories |access-date=25 August 2018}}</ref>

==Education==
Vandita did her Masters in Business Administration (MBA).<ref name="televisionsworld.com" /> She also has a Law Degree (LLB).<ref name="indianshowbiz.com" /> She is a certified Web Designer.<ref name="auto" />

==Early life==
Vandita moved to several cities due to her father's postings (Army). She always actively participated in sports and art during her schooling and college days. During school, she took training for a few years in [[Karate]] and [[Kathak|Kathak Dance]]. She earned a yellow belt in [[Karate]] after which she quit.

Her father is a [[Colonel]] in the [[Indian Army]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianshowbiz.com/?p=69779 |title=IndianShowBiz.com » Anu Kapoor made us laugh during The Shaukeens shoot: Vandita |website=Indianshowbiz.com |access-date=25 August 2018}}</ref> He is from the elite [[Parachute Regiment (India)|Parachute Regiment]]. Her mother is an educationist.

==Career==
Before venturing into showbiz, Vandita was a seasoned corporate professional in Human Resources and worked with some multinational companies.{{citation needed|date=December 2018}}

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
|-
! Year !! Film !! Character !! Production !! Language
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Chal Pichchur Banate Hain]]'' || News Correspondent || Twilight Entertainment || Hindi
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Talaash (2012 film)|Talaash]]'' || News Correspondent || Excel Entertainment || Hindi
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Matru Ki Bijlee Ka Mandola]]'' || Village Girl || Vishal Bharadwaj Productions || Hindi
|-
| 2014 || ''[[The Shaukeens]]'' || Escort || Cape of Good Films || Hindi
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Shamitabh]]''<ref name="auto"/> || Film Reviewer || [[Balaji Motion Pictures]] || Hindi
|-
| 2016|| ''[[Mastizaade]]''<ref name="auto"/> || Transgender Girl || [[Pritish Nandy|Pritish Nandy Communications]]|| Hindi
|-
| 2016|| ''[[Hai Apna Dil Toh Awara]]'' || Title Song cameo || Anika Films || Hindi
|-
| 2018|| ''[[Khajoor Pe Atke]]''<ref name="indiatimes.com"/> || Lead - Item Song - Sumdi Mein Jhol || [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/bickram-scores-for-harsh-chhayas-directorial-debut/articleshow/62469465.cms Welcome Friends Productions] || Hindi <ref name="indiatimes.com"/>
|-
| 2023||''[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/suniel-shettys-udja-nanhe-dil-premieres-at-toronto-international-film-festival-actor-says-the-film-could-be-an-eye-opener-for-modern-day-parents-exclusive/articleshow/94051081.cms Udd Jaa Nanhe Dil]''<ref name="wordpress.com"/> || Releasing 25 Sept 2023 || Aurous Avatar Entertainment & CFSI || Hindi <ref name="wordpress.com"/>
|}

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Serial !! Channel !! Notes
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Mata Ki Chowki]]'' || [[Sahara One]] || Swastik Productions
|-
| 2011 || ''Shapath'' || [[Life OK]] || Fireworks Productions
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Tum Dena Saath Mera (Life OK)|Tum Dena Saath Mera]]'' || [[Life OK]] || Magic Lantern
|-
| 2011 || ''[[CID (Indian TV series)|CID]]'' || [[Sony]] || Fireworks Productions
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|vandita-shrivastava}}
* {{IMDb name|8178940}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shrivastava, Vandita}}
[[Category:Female models from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Jim Sangma

2026-02-07T12:38:32Z

DigitalKush: created some stub added tags

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}

'''Jim Sangma''' (born 30 March 1976)<ref>{{Cite web | title=Archived copy | url=https://megassembly.gov.in/storage/Biodata/JimM._Sangma.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226173312/https://megassembly.gov.in/storage/Biodata/JimM._Sangma.pdf | archive-date=2024-12-26}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Meghalaya]]. He is a member of the [[Meghalaya Legislative Assembly]] from Rongjeng Assembly constituency, which is reserved for Scheduled Tribe community, in [[East Garo Hills district]]. He won the [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[National People's Party (India)]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=Meghalaya Election Results 2023: Full list of constituency-wise winners of NPP, BJP, and others |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/politics/story/meghalaya-election-results-2023-full-list-of-constituency-wise-winners-of-npp-bjp-and-others-371960-2023-03-02 |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-03 |title=Meghalaya Assembly elections results 2023: Check full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/meghalaya/meghalaya-assembly-elections-results-2023-winners-list-https-indianexpress-com-article-opinion-columns-supreme-court-censure-on-renaming-games-8473818/ |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Sangma is from Upper Rongjeng, East Garo Hills District, Meghalaya. He is the son of Paul D Marak. He completed his bachelor's degree in education at B.Ed. College, Tura which is affiliated with the [[North-Eastern Hill University|North Eastern Hill University]]. Earlier, he did his BA in 1998 at [[St. Edmund's College, Shillong|St. Edmund's College]], [[Shillong]], which is also affiliated with North Eastern Hill University. His wife is a teacher at Darusak Bandasal U.P. School.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jim M Sangma(NPP):Constituency- RONGJENG(EAST GARO HILLS) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/meghalaya2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=5798 |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Sangma won from [[Rongjeng Assembly constituency]] representing National People's Party (India) in the 2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election. He polled 8,836 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Walseng M. Sangma, an [[Independent politician|independent candidate]], by a margin of 128 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rongjeng Election Result 2023 LIVE Updates and Highlights: NPP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/elections/rongjeng-election-result-2023-live-updates-and-highlights-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-7194445.html |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/statewiseS155.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401171756/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/statewiseS155.htm |archive-date=2023-04-01 |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sangma, Jim}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:National People's Party (India) politicians]]
[[Category:Meghalaya MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from East Garo Hills district]]

Tirukkural translations

2026-02-01T07:49:37Z

DigitalKush:

{{Short description|Non-Tamil versions of an ethics treatise}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Translation sidebar}}
[[Tirukkural]], also known as the Kural, an [[ancient India]]n treatise on the [[Secular ethics|ethics and morality of the commoner]], is one of the [[List of literary works by number of translations|most widely translated non-religious works]] in the world. Authored by the ancient [[Tamil language|Tamil]] poet-philosopher [[Thiruvalluvar]], the work has been translated into 64 languages, with a total more than 350 individual translations, including 143 different renderings in the English language alone.

==Beginning of translations==
[[File:Beschi Tamil literature.jpg|130px|thumb|left|Beschi, the earliest known translator of the Kural text]]
[[File:Tamil Wisdom, by Edward Jewitt Robinson, 1873.jpg|thumb|left|''Tamil Wisdom'', by [[Edward Jewitt Robinson]], 1873<ref name="TamilWisdom">{{cite book |author= Edward Jewitt Robinson |title=Tamil Wisdom; Traditions Concerning Hindu Sages, and Selections from their writings |url=https://archive.org/details/tamilwisdomtradi00robiuoft |year=1873 |publisher= Wesleyan Conference Office | location=London}}</ref>]]

The Kural text, considered to have been written in the 1st century BCE,<ref name="SujitMukherjee_Dict">{{cite book
| last = Mukherjee
| first = Sujit
| title = A Dictionary of Indian Literature: One: Beginnings–1850
| publisher = Orient Longman
| volume = 1
| edition = 1
| date = 1999
| location = Hyderabad
| pages = 392–393
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=YCJrUfVtZxoC&q=Bhasha+Tirukkural&pg=PA393
| isbn = 81-250-1453-5
}}</ref> remained unknown to the outside world for close to one and a half millennia. The first translation of the Kural text appeared in [[Malayalam]] in 1595 CE under the title ''Tirukkural Bhasha'' by an unknown author. It was a prose rendering of the entire Kural, written closely to the spoken Malayalam of that time.<ref name="SujitMukherjee_Dict"/> However, again, this unpublished manuscript remained obscure until it was first reported by the Annual Report of the Cochin Archeological Department for the year 1933–34.<ref>{{cite book
| last = George
| first = K. M.
| title = Tirukkural and Malayalam. In: ''First All India Tirukkural Seminar Papers'' (N. Sanjeevi, ed.).
| publisher = University of Madras
| edition = 2nd
| date = 1973
| pages = 44–49
}}</ref> It took another three centuries before the next Malayalam translation was made in 1863 by Perunazhi Krishna Vaidhyan.

The Kural text has enjoyed a universal appeal right from [[Ancient India|antiquity]] owing to its secular and non-denominational nature that it suited the sensibilities of all.<ref name="MohanLal_Encl">{{cite book |author=Mohan Lal |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnPoYxrRfc0C&pg=PA4341 |year=1992 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-260-1221-3 }}</ref> The universality is such that, despite its having been written in the pre-Christian era, almost every religious group in India and across the world, including Christianity, has claimed the work for itself.<ref name="Zvelebil1973">{{cite book|author=Kamil Zvelebil|title=The smile of Murugan on Tamil literature of South India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VF2VMUoY_okC&pg=PA156|year=1973|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-03591-1|page=156}}</ref> Owing to its ethical content, the Kural remained one of the most admired ancient Indian works among the [[Christian missionaries]] of the 16th and 17th centuries,<ref name="PudhiyaPanuvalPDF">{{cite journal
| last = Amaladass
| first = Anand
| title = Values in Leadership in the Tamil Tradition of ''Tirukkural'' Vs. Present-day Leadership Theories
| journal = International Management Review
| volume = 3
| issue = 1
| pages = 9–16
| date = 2007
| url = http://scholarspress.us/journals/IMR/pdf/IMR-1-2007/v3n107-art1.pdf
| access-date = 20 November 2016}}</ref> who arrived in India during the [[British Raj|colonial era]] and found the Kural text containing many more ideals in addition to those that are similar to their own [[Christian ideal]]s. This marked the beginning of wider translations of the Kural text.<ref name="OnTranslatingTirukkural">{{cite book
| last = Ramasamy
| first = V.
| title = On Translating Tirukkural
| publisher = International Institute of Tamil Studies
| edition = First
| date = 2001
| location = Chennai
| pages = 28–47
}}</ref>

In 1730, [[Constanzo Beschi|Constantius Joseph Beschi]] rendered the Kural text into [[Latin]], introducing the work to the Europeans for the first time. However, only the first two books of the Kural text, namely, [[Book of Aram|virtue]] and [[Book of Porul|wealth]], were translated by Beschi, who considered translating the [[Book of Inbam|book on love]] inappropriate for a Christian missionary. Around 1767, an unknown author made the first French translation, which went unnoticed.<ref name="OnTranslatingTirukkural"/> The Danish Missionary [[August Friedrich Caemmerer]] translated it into German in 1803.<ref name="PudhiyaPanuvalPDF"/><ref>{{cite book
| last = Ebeling
| first = Sascha
| title = Colonizing the Realm of Words: The Transformation of Tamil Literature in Nineteenth-Century South India
| publisher = SUNY Press
| date = 2010
| location = Albany, New York
| page = 24
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_O1X_y_X-98C&q=August+Friedrich+Caemmerer&pg=PA24
| isbn = 978-1-4384-3199-4
}}</ref> The first available French version, however, was the one made in 1848 by [[E. S. Ariel]]. Here again, only parts of the work was translated.<ref name="OnTranslatingTirukkural"/> In 1856, [[Karl Graul]] translated the Kural into German, claiming that the Kural is closer to the Christian preaching and offers a model of Tamil [[worldview]].<ref name="PudhiyaPanuvalPDF"/> The German version was published both at London and [[Leipzig]]. In 1865, his Latin translation of the Kural text, along with commentaries in Simple Tamil, was posthumously published.<ref name=BDCM>Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions, p. 257</ref>

The first English translation ever was attempted by [[Nathaniel Edward Kindersley|N. E. Kindersley]] in 1794 when he translated select couplets of the Kural. This was followed by another incomplete attempt by [[Francis Whyte Ellis]] in 1812, who translated only 120 couplets—69 in verse and 51 in prose.<ref>A stone inscription found on the walls of a well at the Periya palayathamman temple at [[Royapettah|Royapettai]] indicates Ellis' regard for Thiruvalluvar. It is one of the 27 wells dug on the orders of Ellis in 1818, when Madras suffered a severe drinking water shortage. In the long inscription Ellis praises Thiruvalluvar and uses a couplet from Thirukkural to explain his actions during the drought. When he was in charge of the Madras treasury and mint, he also issued a gold coin bearing Thiruvalluvar's image. The Tamil inscription on his grave makes note of his commentary of Thirukkural.{{cite web|last=Mahadevan|first=Iravatham|author-link=Iravatham Mahadevan|url=http://www.varalaaru.com/Default.asp?articleid=539|work=Varalaaru.com|access-date=25 June 2010|language=ta|title=The Golden coin depicting Thiruvalluvar −2}}</ref><ref>The original inscription in Tamil written in the ''Asiriyapa'' meter and first person perspective: (The Kural he quotes is in Italics) சயங்கொண்ட தொண்டிய சாணுறு நாடெனும் | ஆழியில் இழைத்த வழகுறு மாமணி | குணகடன் முதலாக குட கடலளவு | நெடுநிலம் தாழ நிமிர்ந்திடு சென்னப் | பட்டணத்து எல்லீசன் என்பவன் யானே | பண்டாரகாரிய பாரம் சுமக்கையில் | புலவர்கள் பெருமான் மயிலையம் பதியான் | தெய்வப் புலமைத் திருவள்ளுவனார் | திருக்குறள் தன்னில் திருவுளம் பற்றிய் | ''இருபுனலும் வாய்த்த மலையும் வருபுனலும்'' | ''வல்லரணும் நாட்டிற் குறுப்பு'' | என்பதின் பொருளை என்னுள் ஆய்ந்து | ஸ்வஸ்திஸ்ரீ சாலிவாகன சகாப்த வரு | ..றாச் செல்லா நின்ற | இங்கிலிசு வரு 1818ம் ஆண்டில் | பிரபவாதி வருக்கு மேற் செல்லா நின்ற | பஹுதான்ய வரு த்தில் வார திதி | நக்ஷத்திர யோக கரணம் பார்த்து | சுப திநத்தி லிதனோ டிருபத்தேழு | துரவு கண்டு புண்ணியாஹவாசநம் | பண்ணுவித்தேன்.</ref><ref name="blackburn">{{cite book|last=Blackburn|first=Stuart|title=Print, folklore, and nationalism in colonial South India |year=2006|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-7824-149-4|pages=92–95|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y-BxrNKdwPMC&q=francis+whyte+ellis&pg=PA92}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Zvelebil|first=Kamil|author-link=Kamil Zvelebil|title=Companion studies to the history of Tamil literature|year=1992|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-09365-2|page=3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qAPtq49DZfoC&pg=PA3}}</ref> [[William Henry Drew (Christian missionary)|William Henry Drew]] translated the first two parts in prose in 1840 and 1852, respectively. Along with Drew's English prose translation, it contained the original Tamil text, the Tamil commentary by [[Parimelalhagar]] and [[Ramanuja Kavirayar]]'s amplification of the commentary. Drew, however, translated only 630 couplets. The remaining portions were translated by [[John Lazarus (Christian missionary)|John Lazarus]], a native missionary, thus providing the first complete English translation. In 1886, [[George Uglow Pope]] published the first complete English translation in verse by a single author, which brought the Kural text to a wide audience of the western world.<ref>{{cite book | url=http://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0153.pdf | title=Thirukkural English Translation and Commentary | publisher=W.H. Allen, & Co | first = GU |last = Pope  | year=1886 | page=160}}</ref>

By the turn of the twenty-first century, the Kural had already been translated to more than 37 world languages,<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.oocities.org/nvkashraf/kur-trans/languages.htm | title=Thirukkural translations in different languages of the world}}</ref> with at least 24 complete translations in English language alone, by both native and non-native scholars. By 2014, the Kural had been translated to more than 42 languages, with 57 versions available in English. Along with the Bible and the [[Quran]], the Kural remains one of the most translated works in the world.<ref name="KuralTransInWorldLang">{{cite web
| url = http://www.oocities.org/nvkashraf/kur-trans/languages.htm
| title = Thirukkural translations in different languages of the world
| access-date = 13 August 2016
}}</ref> In October 2021, the [[Central Institute of Classical Tamil]] announced its translating the Kural text into 102 world languages.<ref>{{cite news | title = 102 மொழிகளில் திருக்குறள்: செம்மொழி நிறுவனம் முயற்சி | newspaper =Dinamalar| location = Chennai | date = 20 October 2021 | url = https://www.dinamalar.com/news/tamil-nadu-news/news/2871182 | access-date = 20 October 2021}}</ref>

==Criticisms on translations==
The couplets of the Kural are inherently complex by virtue of their dense meaning within their terse structure. Thus, no translation can perfectly reflect the true nature of any given couplet of the Kural unless read and understood in its original Tamil form.<ref>{{cite book
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VF2VMUoY_okC&pg=PA156
| title = The Smile of Murugan of Tamil Literature of South India
| last = Zvelebil
| first = Kamil
| date = 1973
| publisher = P. 169
| isbn = 90-04-03591-5
| access-date = 11 December 2010
| quote = "... It is almost impossible to truly appreciate the maxims of the Kural through a translation. Tirukkural must be read and re-read in Tamil."}}</ref> Added to this inherent difficulty is the attempt by some scholars to either read their own ideas into the Kural couplets or deliberately misinterpret the message to make it conform to their preconceived notions, a problem of [[Hermeneutics]]. The Latin translation by [[Constantius Joseph Beschi|Father Beshi]], for instance, contains several such mistranslations noticed by modern scholars. According to V. Ramasamy, "Beschi is purposely distorting the message of the original when he renders பிறவாழி as 'the sea of miserable life' and the phrase பிறவிப்பெருங்கடல் as 'sea of this birth' which has been translated by others as 'the sea of many births'. Beschi means thus 'those who swim the vast sea of miseries'. The concept of rebirth or many births for the same soul is contrary to Christian principle and belief".<ref name="OnTranslatingTirukkural"/> In August 2022, the governor of Tamil Nadu, [[R. N. Ravi]], criticized [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] Christian missionary G. U. Pope for "translating with the colonial objective to 'trivialise' the spiritual wisdom of India," resulting in a "de-spiritualised version" of the Kural text.<ref>{{cite news | last = | first = | title = Thirukkural's first English translation was a 'de-spiritualised': TN Guv | location = Chennai | publisher = Deccan Herald | date = 25 August 2022 | url = https://www.deccanherald.com/india/thirukkural-s-first-english-translation-was-a-de-spiritualised-tn-guv-1139335.html | access-date = 28 November 2023 | ref={{sfnRef|''Deccan Herald'', 25 August 2022}} |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209155440/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/thirukkural-s-first-english-translation-was-a-de-spiritualised-tn-guv-1139335.html |archive-date= Dec 9, 2023 }}</ref>

==List of translations==
Below is a list of translations of the Kural:<ref>{{cite book
| title = The Encyclopaedia of Tamil Literature
| publisher = Institute of Asian Studies
| volume = 1
| location = Thiruvanmiyur, Chennai
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| last = Zvelebil
| first = K. V.
| title = Tamil Literature
| publisher = E. J. Brill
| date = 1975
| location = Leiden/Cologne
| isbn = 90-04-04190-7
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Kx4uqyts2t4C&q=%22M.+G.+Venkatakrishnan%22&pg=PA127
}}</ref><ref name="ValaiTamilPub"/>

{{dynamic list}}
{{row numbers|<nowiki>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!S.No.!!Language!!Translator(s)!!Title of the Translation!!Place of Publication!!Year!!Coverage and Form!!Notes!!Translation for comparison: Kural (verse) 251 (Chapter 26:1)
|-
|rowspan="7"|_row_count ||rowspan="7"|[[Tirukkural translations into Arabic|Arabic]]||Muhammad Yousuf Kokan||Al-Abiayaatul Muqaddisa (Sacred Verses)||(Hanifa House Printers and Publishers)||1976–1980||Complete||Translated from an English translation.<ref name="GeoCities_Arabic">{{cite web
| url = http://www.geocities.ws/nvkashraf/kur-trans/Arab-Int.htm
| title = "تِروكـُّـرل" و "تِرووَلـّـووَر"
| last = Ashraf
| first = N. V. K.
| website = GeoCities
| access-date = 16 April 2017
}}</ref>||كيف يكون احد رؤوفا ورحيما إن يأكل الحيوانات لا زدياد شحمه ودسمه فى جثـتـه وجسمه
|-
| Basheer Ahmed Jamali|| ||[[Chennai]] (Central Institute of Classical Tamil) ||2014||Complete||<ref name="ValaiTamil">{{cite web
| url = https://www.valaitamil.com/Thirukkural-Translations_19986.html
| title = Thirukkural Translations in World Languages
| date = n.d.
| website = ValaiTamil.com
| publisher =
| access-date = 26 November 2023
}}</ref> ||
|-
| Amar Hasan||Thirukkural||[[Beirut]], Lebanon (Al Farabi Publications) ||2015||Complete||<ref name="AmarHasan_Arabic_2015">{{cite web
| url = http://dar-alfarabi.com/product/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3/
| title = تروكرل المثنوي المقدس
| date = 2015
| website = الفارابي
| publisher = دار الفارابي
| access-date = 24 December 2016
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| title = Thirukkural now in Arabic
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| date = 25 March 2013
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/thirukkural-now-in-arabic/article4545807.ece
| access-date = 18 Nov 2017}}</ref>||
|-
| Mahmood Fat-hi Sa’d Khalifa|| || [[Egypt]] || || || ||
|-
| A. Jahir Hussain||Thirukkural||[[Chennai]] ([[International Institute of Tamil Studies]])||2020||Complete–Verse||Translated from Tamil original.<ref name="NIE_TKNowInArabic">{{cite news
| title = Thirukkural Now in Arabic
| newspaper = The New Indian Express
| location = Chennai
| publisher = Express Publications
| date = 15 June 2015
| url = https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2015/jun/15/thirukkural-now-in-arabic-769363.html
| access-date = 9 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="TH_SaudisCelebrateTK">{{cite news
| last = Kolappan
| first = B.
| title = Saudis celebrate wisdom of Tirukkural
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| publisher = Kasturi & Sons
| date = 17 June 2015
| url = https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/saudis-celebrate-wisdom-of-tirukkural/article7323809.ece
| access-date = 9 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = https://uniqueworldrecords.com/records/posts/first-ever-thirukkural-book-translated-from-tamil-to-arabic
| title = First Ever Thirukkural Book Translated from Tamil to Arabic
| last =
| first =
| date = 2023
| website = Unique World Records
| publisher = Unique World Records Ltd.
| access-date = 6 January 2023
| quote = }}</ref>||
|-
| Basheer Ahmad|| Tirukkur̲aḷ – Translations into Arabic||Chennai ([[Central Institute of Classical Tamil|CICT]])||2022||Complete||477 pages; ISBN: 978-93-81744-71-0 ||
|-
| K. M. A. Ahamed Zubair||''Al- Abyath Al- Baariza: Thirukkural'' ||[[London]] (Shams Publishing Inc.) || 2024 || Complete || ISBN: 978-620-3-91353-8 ||
|-
|rowspan="2"|_row_count ||rowspan="2"|[[Tirukkural translations into Assamese|Assamese]]||Malini Goswami|| Thirukural ||[[Guwahati]] (Assam Publication Board) ||2012||Complete|| ||
|-
| B. Vijayakumar||Thirukkural in Assamese ||[[Chennai]] (Central Institute of Classical Tamil)||2023||Complete||ISBN: 978-81-19249-32-9; Released by Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] in December 2023<ref name="ValaiTamilPub"/>{{Rp|p=30}}||
|-
|rowspan="1"|_row_count ||rowspan="1"|[[Awadhi language|Awadhi]]||Ramlakhan Prajapati Pratagarhi||Thirukkural in Awadhi ||[[Chennai]] ([[Central Institute of Classical Tamil]])||2023||Complete||Released by Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] in December 2023<ref name="ValaiTamilPub"/>{{Rp|p=35}}; ISBN: 978-81-19249-30-5||
|-
|rowspan="1"|_row_count ||rowspan="1"|[[Badaga language|Badaga]]||C. P. Krishniah ||Thirukkural in Badaga ||[[Chennai]] (Central Institute of Classical Tamil)||2022||Complete||440 pages; ISBN: 978-93-81744-78-9 ||
|-
|rowspan="4" |_row_count ||rowspan="4"|[[Tirukkural translations into Bengali|Bengali]]||Nalini Mohan Sanyal||Thirukkural||[[Calcutta]]||1939||Prose|| ||
|-
| E. C. Sastri||Thirukkural||[[Calcutta]]||1974||Prose|| ||
|-
| N. Ramanuja Das Khardah||Thirukkural|| ||1993||Prose|| ||
|-
| S. Krishnamoorthy||Tirukkural (Ancient Tamil Poetry)||[[Calcutta]] (Sahityika)||2001||Complete—Verse||Reprinted in 2014 by [[Sahitya Akademi]]; 148 pages. {{ISBN|978-81-260-4719-2}}<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/e-newsletter/Nov-Dec_2014_NewsLetter.pdf
| title = E-Newsletter (November–December 2014)
| date = 2014
| website = sahitya-akademi.gov.in
| publisher = Sahitya Akademi
| access-date = 17 September 2020
}}</ref>||
|-
|_row_count||[[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]||Harish Chandra Mishra||Thirukkural in Bhojpuri||[[Chennai]] (Central Institute of Classical Tamil)||2023||Complete||ISBN: 978-81-260-4719-2; ISBN: 978-81-19249-36-7; Released by Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] in December 2023<ref name="ValaiTamilPub"/>{{Rp|p=38}}||
|-
|_row_count||[[Bodo language|Bodo]]||Rupali Swarglary and B. Vijayakumar||Tirukkural||[[Chennai]] ([[Central Institute of Classical Tamil]])<ref name="ValaiTamil"/>{{Rp|pp=37–38}}||2023||Complete||ISBN: 978-81-19249-41-1 ||
|-
|rowspan="2" |_row_count||rowspan="2"|[[Burmese language|Burmese]]||U. Myo Thant||Thirukkural (Nitimala of Tamil men: The Bible of Syracuse)||[[Rangoon]] (Kanbe Nattukottai Chettiyar Education Trust)<ref name="ValaiTamil"/>||1964||Complete—Prose||193 pages ||
|-
| Parimala Devi Thinagara Suwami||Thirukkural Burmese Translation||[[Chennai]] ([[Central Institute of Classical Tamil]])<ref name="ValaiTamil"/>{{Rp|pp=39–40}}||2023||Complete||ISBN: 978-81-19249-27-5||
|-
|rowspan="2" |_row_count ||rowspan="2"|[[Tirukkural translations into Chinese|Chinese]]||Ch'eng Xi||Gula Zhenyan (古臘箴言)||Hong Kong (Hong Kong University Press: Xianggang Daxue Chubanshe)||1967|| ||166 pages ||如何真正实践慈悲谁吃动物肉养肥自己的血肉?
|-
| [[Yu Hsi]]||Thirukkural||[[Taipei]], [[Taiwan]] (Poem Culture Corp.)||2010||Complete||ISBN: 978-986-8677-5-0; 267 pages; Book released by former President of India, [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<ref name="Hindu_ChineseTirukkuralReady">{{cite news
| last = Rajaram
| first = R.
| title = Chinese translation of Tirukkural, Bharathi's poems ready
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| date = 19 June 2014
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/books/books-authors/chinese-translation-of-tirukkural-bharathis-poems-ready/article6127419.ece}}</ref> Reprinted in India in 2014 by the Department of Tamil Development and Culture || 以他者的脂肪養胖自己的人， 怎可能是善良的呢？
|-
|rowspan="3" |_row_count||rowspan="3"|[[Tirukkural translations into Creole|Creole]]||Rama Valayden|| ||[[Port Louis]], Mauritius (Calson Printing Ltd)||2007|| || Translated only Books I and II; {{ISBN|978-99903-66-21-1}} ||
|-
| K. Karupudayyan and Ramen || || ||2018||Partial|| Translated only Book III<ref name="ValaiTamil"/>{{Rp|pp=42–43}} || Not translated
|-
| Uma Allaghery || Thirukkural (Kreol [Morisien] Translation) ||[[Chennai]] ([[Central Institute of Classical Tamil]])<ref name="ValaiTamil"/>{{Rp|pp=42–43}}||2023||Complete||ISBN: 978-81-19249-33-6 ||
|-
|_row_count||[[Tirukkural translations into Czech|Czech]]||[[Kamil Zvelebil|Kamil V. Zvelebil]]||Thirukural (Selections)||[[Prague]]||1952–1954||Selections||Translated select couplets that appeared in ''Novy Orient'', a Czech journal, during 1952–54.<ref name="Sanjeevi_BiblioOfTK"/>||
|-
|rowspan="2" |_row_count||rowspan="2"|[[Tirukkural translations into Danish|Danish]]||Marianne Steen Isak||Thirukural||(Tamil Danish Socio-Literary Federation)||2021||Complete|| ||
|-
| Anjalay Ratnam, Keerthana Amirthalingam, Roshana-Jasmin Simon, and Sumeka Srikaran || Tirukkural (Danish) ||[[Chennai]] ([[Central Institute of Classical Tamil]])<ref name="ValaiTamil"/>{{Rp|pp=45–46}}||2023||Complete|| ISBN: 978-81-19249-28-2||
|-
|_row_count||[[Dogri language|Dogri]]||Vineet Budki ||Tirukkur̲aḷ – Translations into Dogri||[[Chennai]] ([[Central Institute of Classical Tamil|CICT]]) ||2023||Complete||ISBN: 978-81-19249-37-4 ||
|-
|_row_count||[[Tirukkural translations into Dutch|Dutch]]||D. Kat||Thirukural (Selections)||Netherlands||1964||Selections|| ||
|-
|rowspan="138" |_row_count ||rowspan="138"|[[Tirukkural translations into English|English]]||[[Nathaniel Edward Kindersley]]||Specimens of Hindoo Literature||London (W. Bulmer and Co.)||1794||Selections—Verse||Made the first ever translation of the Kural text into English in a chapter titled 'Extracts from the Teroo-Vaulaver Kuddul, or, The Ocean of Wisdom' in his book ''Specimens of Hindoo Literature''<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.106452
| title = Specimens Of Hindu Literature
| last = Kindersley
| first = N. E.
| date = 1794
| access-date = 11 June 2017
}}</ref> ||Not translated.
|-
|[[Francis Whyte Ellis]]||Thirukural on Virtue (in verse) with Commentary||Madras||1812 (reprint 1955)||Selections—Mixed|| Incomplete translation—only 120 couplets translated, 69 in verse and 51 in prose ||Not translated
|-
|[[William Henry Drew (Christian missionary)|William Henry Drew]]||The Cural of Thiruvalluvar with Commentary of Parimelazhakar||[[Madurai]] (American Mission Press)||1840||Partial—Prose|| Translated only the first 630 couplets ||How can he be possessed of kindness, who, to increase his own flesh, eats the flesh of other (creatures)?
|-
|[[Charles E. Gover]]||Odes from the Kural (Folksongs of South India)||[[Madras]] ([[Higginbothams]])||1872||Selections–Verse||Reprinted in 1981 by Gian Publications, Delhi||
|-
|[[Edward Jewitt Robinson]]||Tamil Wisdom||London (Paternoster Row)||1873||Partial—Verse||Translated only Books I and II (1080 couplets)||What graciousness by those is shown Who feed with others' flesh their own?
|-
|[[William Henry Drew (Christian missionary)|William Henry Drew]], and [[John Lazarus (Christian missionary)|John Lazarus]]||Thirukural (in verses)||Madras||1885||Partial—Prose||Lazarus revised Drew's work and translated the remaining portion (couplets 631 to 1330) in prose as done by Drew, thus making the incomplete work of Drew a complete one.||How can he be possessed of kindness, who, to increase his own flesh, eats the flesh of other (creatures)?
|-
|[[George Uglow Pope]]||A Collection of the English Translation of Thirukural||Madras||1886||Complete—Verse|| First complete translation in English by a single author||How can the wont of 'kindly grace' to him be known, Who other creatures' flesh consumes to feed his own?
|-
|T. Thirunavukarasu||Kural—A Selection of 366 Verses (A Gem for Each Day)||[[Madras]] (SPCK Press)||1915||Selections—Prose|| ||
|-
|[[V. V. S. Aiyar]]||Kural: Maxims of Thiruvalluvar||[[Madras]] (Amudha Nilayam){{sfn|Kovaimani and Nagarajan, 2013|p=518}}||1916||Complete–Prose|| ||How can he feel pity, who eateth other flesh to fatten his own?
|-
|[[T. P. Meenakshisundaram]]|| || ||1919|| ||Published the 1904 work of [[K. Vadivelu Chettiar]] with English renderings.<ref name="MerchantToTirukkural">{{cite news
| last = Kolappan
| first = B.
| title = From merchant to Tirukkural scholar
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| publisher = Kasturi & Sons
| date = 18 October 2015
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/from-merchant-to-tirukkural-scholar/article7775746.ece
| access-date = 9 July 2017}}</ref> Republished in 1972–1980 in Madurai as ''Kural in English with Tamil Text and Parimelazhakar Commentary'' (3 parts). Recent edition published in 2015 in 2 volumes.||
|-
|S. Sabaratna Mudaliyar||Kural||Madras||1920|| || ||
|-
|G. Vanmikanathan||The Tirukkural: A unique guide to moral, material and spiritual prosperity||Madras (Rathina Nayakkar & Sons) [[Tiruchirappalli]] (The Tirukural Prachar Sangh)||1924||Complete—|| ||
|-
|A. Madhaviah||Kural in English with Commentary in Tamil||Madras (Panchamirtham Press)||1925||Selections—Verse|| ||
|-
|T. V. Parameswaran Aiyar||108 Gems from the Sacred Kural||[[Kottayam]] (Jagadamba Vidhya Vihar)||1928||Selections || ||
|-
|Unknown||Jeevakarunya Thirukkural Selections||[[Karaikkudi]] (Kumaran Co. Publishers)||1928||Selections || ||
|-
|S. Somasundara Bharathiyar||Tiruvalluvar: English translation in Tamil lectures||[[Madurai]] (Madurai Tamil Sangam)||1929|| ||Published again in 1966 by Navalar Somasundara Bharatiyar Trust, Chennai ||
|-
|[[Herbert Arthur Popley|H. A. Popley]]||The Sacred Kural (Selections in verses)||[[Calcutta]] (The Heritage of India Press)||1931||Selections—Verse||Another edition published by YMCA Publishing House ||How can kindliness rule that man, Who eateth other flesh to increase his own?
|-
|A. Ranganatha Muthaliar||Thirukural Moolamum Uraiyum with English Translation||Madras (Suvarna Vilas)||1933|| ||365 pages ||
|-
|[[Rajaji|C. Rajagopalachari]]||Kural, the Great Book of Thiruvalluvar||Madras||1935||Partial—Prose||Selections of 355 couplets; second edition published in 1965 by Bharatiya Vidhya Bhavan ||
|-
|[[M. S. Purnalingam Pillai]]||The Kural in English||[[Tirunelveli]] (Sri Kanthimathi Vilasam Press)||1942||Complete–Prose|| ||How can a man grace who eats the meat of other animal to fatten himself?
|-
|[[S. M. Michael]]||The Sacred Aphorisms of Thiruvalluvar (in verse)||[[Nagarcoil]]||1946||Complete—Verse|| ||Who eats flesh other his own to expand, How can he grace command?
|-
|[[V. R. Ramachandra Dikshitar]]||Thirukural in English with Roman Translation||Madras||1949||Complete—Prose|| ||He who fattens on the flesh of animals, can he ever understand the rule of love?
|-
|M. R. Rajagopala Aiyangar||Tirukkural||[[Kumbakonam]] (S. Viswanathan and Co.)||1950||Complete–Prose|| ||
|-
|P. Raja||Thirukural (in verses)||[[Kumbakonam]]||1950||—Verse|| ||
|-
|[[A. Chakravarti]]||Thirukural in English with Commentary||Madras (Diocesan Press, Vepery)||1953||Complete—Prose||648 pages ||How can a person cultivate the habit of universal benevolence if he for the purpose of fattening his own flesh (body) eats flesh of other animals?
|-
|I. D. Thangaswami||Thirukural: Virtue and Wealth (Selections in Verse)||Madras (K. Venkatesan, The Progressive Printers)||1954||Selections—Verse||Translated only 366 verses from Books I and II.||
|-
|Issac T. Thangaiya||Thirukkural in English with Parimelazhakar Commentary||Madras||1955|| || ||
|-
|[[K. M. Balasubramaniam]]||Thirukural of Thiruvalluvar||Madras (Manali Lakshmana Mudaliar's Specific Endowments)||1962||Complete—Verse||Reprinted in 2012 by Palaniappa Brothers, Chennai and Shivalayam, Chennai ||How can the one who eats a flesh to have his own flesh swell Possess a melting heart in which compassion could e'er dwell?
|-
|T. Muthuswamy||Thirukkural, the Gospel of Mankind||[[Madurai]] (Vivekananda Press)||1965||Partial—Prose|| ||
|-
|V. Chinnarajan||The Kural Gems||[[Udumalpet]] (Gopalaratna Gupta)||1967||Selections–Verse|| ||
|-
|C. R. Soundararajan|| || ||1968||Complete–Prose|| ||
|-
|[[Emmons E. White]]||The Wisdom of India||New York City (The Peter Pauper Press)||1968||Selections–Verse||Published as ''The Wisdom of the Tamil People'' in 1976||
|-
|[[Yogi Suddanantha Bharathi]]||Thirukural with English Couplets||Madras (SISSWP Society)||1968||Complete—Verse|| ||What graciousness can one command Who feeds his flesh by flesh gourmand?
|-
|[[G. Vanmikanathan]]||The Thirukural—A Unique Guide to Moral, Material and Spiritual Prosperity||Trichy||1969||Complete—Prose|| ||How will he exercise charity, who eats the flesh of another (creature) to fatten his own flesh?
|-
|[[Kasturi Srinivasan]]||Thirukural: An Ancient Tamil Classic (in couplets)||Bombay (Bharatiya Vidhya Bhavan)||1969||Complete—Verse|| ||To feed his flesh, who flesh consumes What kindly grace, such man presumes?
|-
|A. Gajapathy Nayagar||The Rosary of Gems of Thirukkural||Madras (The Tamilar Peravai)||1969||Selections|| ||
|-
|Yogi Suddanantha Bharathi||Thirukural Couplets with Clear Prose Rendering||Madras||1970||Complete—Prose|| ||
|-
|T. N. S. Ragavachari||Teachings of Tiruvalluvar's Kural||Madras (''Health'', June 1966 – October 1971)||1971||Complete–Prose||Reprinted in 1982||
|-
|S. R. V. Vasu||Voice of Valluvar: A Modern Commentary of the Kural||Madras (Thayakam)||1972||Selection||Selection of about 200 couplets; 90 pages||
|-
|E. V. Singan||Tirukkural: The Sayings of Tiruvalluvar||Singapore (EVS Enterprises)||1975||Complete–Prose||Reprinted in 1982||
|-
|[[S. N. Sriramadesikan]]||Tirukkural in Sanskrit, with Tamil and English Translations||[[Madras]] (Gangai Puthaka Nilayam)(Lalitha Publications)||1978||Complete–Prose||Reprinted in 1991, 1994, and 2006||How can a person be held to be compassionate when he slays animals and eat their flesh, for fattening his own body?
|-
|S. Maharajan||''Tiruvalluvar''||New Delhi ([[Sahitya Akademi]])||1979||Verse—Selections||Translated select couplets from all the three books of the Kural text. Second edition was published in 1982.||How can he be possessed of grace, who, to swell his own flesh, eats the flesh of others!
|-
|[[Sivaya Subramuniyaswami|Satguru Sivaya Subramuniya Swami]]||Thirukural/Weavers Wisdom||New Delhi (Abhinav Publications)/(Himalayan Academy Publications)||1979||Partial—Verse||Translated only Books I and II; published again in 2000||How can he practice true compassion Who eats the flesh of an animal to fatten his own flesh?
|-
|K. C. Kamaliah||Sacred Kural: The Kindly Light||Trinelvely (South India Saiva Siddhanta Works Publishing Society)||1981|| || ||
|-
|[[S. M. Diaz]]||Aphorisms of Valluvar: Commentary and Comparative Study||Madras: International Society for the Investigation of Ancient Civilizations||1982||Complete—Verse|| ||It is inconsistent with the way of living compassion, To fatten oneself on the flesh of a fellow-creature.
|-
|S. Jagathratchagan||Thirukkural: English Rendering||Madras (Apollo Publications)||1985||Complete||291 pages||
|-
|K. Chokkalingam||Thirukkural: Aratthuppaal||[[Jaffna]] (Sri Subramaniya Puthaka Salai)||1985||Partial||Translated only Book I||
|-
|C. Rajasingham||Thirukkural: The Daylight of the Psych||Madras (International Institute of Tamil Studies)||1987||Partial||Translated the first 9 chapters||
|-
|[[P. S. Sundaram]]||Tiruvalluvar: The Kural||New Delhi (Penguin Books India Limited)||1987||Complete–Verse||Reprinted in 1989, 1991, 1992, and 2000 by International Tamil Language Foundation, [[Illinois]]||How can he be kindly Who fattens himself on others' fat?
|-
|T. S. Ramalingam Pillai||Thirukkural with English Translation||Trinelvely (Saiva Siddhanta Works Publishing)||1987|| || ||
|-
|K. N. Subramanyan||Tiruvalluvar and His Tirukkural||(Bharatya Gnanpith)||1987||Selections|| ||
|-
|[[K. R. Srinivasa Iyengar]]||Tirukkural: Light of the Righteous Life||[[Calcutta]] (M. P. Birla Foundation)||1988||Complete–Verse|| ||
|-
|M. Thiraviyam||Tirukkural||[[Madras]] (Asian Educational Services)||1988||Selections||Published again in 1992 as ''108 Tirukkural Couplets in English'' by Vanathi Padippakam, Madras ||
|-
|K. Chellappan||Kural—Portraits: Dr. Kalaignar M. Karunanidhi's Kuralovium, a Translation from Tamil by K. Chellappan||[[Annamalai Nagar]]: [[Annamalai University]]||1989|| || ||
|-
|Chidambaran Ilankumaranar|||Thirukkural English Translation||[[Madurai]]||1990|| || ||
|-
|A. Pandurangan||Tirukkural—Arattuppal||[[Thiruvannamalai]] (Tilakavathi Publications)||1990|| || ||
|-
|M. Swaminathan||Tirukkural—English Translation||[[Mayiladuthurai]] (Ganapathi Printers)||1991|| || ||
|-
|[[Norman Cutler]]||A Gift of Tamil: Translations of Tamil Literature||[[New Delhi]] (Manohar and American Institute of Indian Studies)||1992||Selections||Edited by Paula Richman||
|-
|T. R. Kallapiran||Thirukkural (Words of Eternal Wisdom)||[[Madras]] (Baba Pathippagam, Tondiarpet)||1995||Complete||266+40 pages ||
|-
|D. V. G. Ramarathinam||Tirukkural: English Translations||(Thiyaga Durgam)||1995||Complete–Prose|| ||
|-
|G. J. B. Christopher||A Metrical Translation of Tirukkural (Part One: Righteousness)||[[Tiruchirappalli]] (Primerose Home)||1997||Partial||Translated only Book I; 80 pages||
|-
|[[Swamiji Iraianban]]||Ambrosia of Thirukkural||[[New Delhi]] (Abhinav Publications)||1997||Complete–Prose|| ||A man cannot feel pity in his heart for others, when they eat other creatures' flesh in order to make their own bodies fat.
|-
|[[G. N. Das]]||Readings from Thirukkural||[[New Delhi]] (Abhinav Publications)||1997||Select–Verse|| ||Whoever eats other animal's flesh To fatten himself on it How can any hope to find in him, Merciful quality, however slight?
|-
|J. Narayanasamy||Tirukkural||[[Coimbatore]] (Gemini Art Printers)||1998||Complete–Mixed||More in prose than in verse. Reprinted in 1999.||Hardly any mercy is left in the minds of those who build their bodies with the flesh of other beings.
|-
|K. Kaliaperumal||Wonders of Tirukkural||[[Thanjavur]] (Jayam Publications)||1999||Complete–Verse||364 pages||
|-
|C. R. Acharya||Maxims of Truth (Commentary on Thirukkural)||[[Madras]] (Super Power Press)||1999|| ||964 pages||
|-
|K. C. Agamudai Nambi||Thirukkural||[[Madurai]] (Author)||1999|| ||352 pages||
|-
|C. R. Sundar||Book Divine Tirukkural||[[Chennai]] (Vignesh Pathippakam)||2001||Complete–Verse|| ||
|-
|Subramanian, V. K.||Pearls of Wisdom: Tirukkural (Tamil: Tirukkural Cintanai Muttukkal)||[[Chennai]] (M.T.S. Academy India)||2001|| ||82 p.||
|-
|Kandiah, A., Jayadevan, V. and Buckingham, L. A.||Gleanings from Tirukkural for a Multicultural Society||[[Strathfield South]], [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]] (Natanalaya Publication)||2002||Selections||47 pages. Bilingual edition; ISBN: 0975065335||
|-
|V. Padmanabhan||Thirukkural with English Explanation||[[Chennai]] (Manimekalai Prasuram)||2003||Complete–Prose||268 pages ||How can you consider the person eating the flesh of other creatures to strengthen his own, as merciful?
|-
|Kannan, K.||Thirukkural Expressed in English||[[Madurai]] (Papa Publications)||2003||Complete–Prose|| ||
|-
|Manickavasagam, S.||Thirukkural: Tamil text, its paraphrase, Roman rendering and English translation||[[New Delhi]] (Richa Prakashan)||2003||Prose|| ||
|-
|Perampalam, V.||The Sacred Kural of Thiruvalluvar; A path to purposeful living||[[Chennai]]||2003|| ||288 pages ||
|-
|O. R. Krishnaswami||The Wisdom of Tirukkural—A Guide to Living||[[Mumbai]] (Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan)||2004||Partial–Prose||Translated Books I and II only; 489 pages||
|-
|Anantham Krishnamurthy and R. Shahjahan||Thirukkural (Original text, Romanization with English and French translations)||[[New Delhi]] (Richa Prakashan)||2004|| ||676 pages; ISBN: 8187062738 ||
|-
|Varadarajan, P.||Thirukkural: The Voice From Within||[[New Delhi]] (National Council of Educational Research and Training)||2004||Complete||136 pages ||
|-
|M. D. Jayabalan|| ||[[Cheyyar]] (Mavanna Publications)||2005||Partial–Verse||Translated only 321 couplets||
|-
|Govindarajulu, G.||Quintessence of Thirukkural||[[Chennai]] (ANK Prints)||2005|| || ||
|-
|Krishnaswamy, K. and Vijaya Ramkumar||Unpublished online translation||Online||2005||Complete||Previously available at acharya.iitm.ac.in ||
|-
|Morgan Yegambaram||Thirukkural for Children||[[Durban]], [[South Africa]]||2005|| || ||
|-
|Ponnaiah, S. M.||A Tapestry of Tamil Poetry||[[Kuala Lumpur]] (University of Malaya Press)||2005||Selections||Translated 133 couplets only||
|-
|Deivanayaki Thirumalai||Book of Virtue in Rhythmic Verses||[[Chennai]] (Perfect Xerox)||2005||Partial||Translated only Book I; translated 100 more couplets in 2014||
|-
|David Pratap Singh||Tirukkural||[[Madurai]] (Master Pathippakam)||2006||Complete–Verse||396 pages||
|-
|S. Ratnakumar||Tirukkural: A Guide to Effective Living||Singapore (Tamils Representative Council)||2006||Complete–Prose||267 pages||
|-
|Ashraf, N. V. K.||Tirukkural: Getting Close to the Original||Online||2006||Selections–Prose||English translations of various authors; translated about 200 couplets||
|-
|Annamalai, M.||Thirukkural: Tamil–English||[[Chennai]] (Santha Publications)||2006|| ||76 pages||
|-
|Kalladan||Tirukkural Readings and Reflections||[[Chennai]] (Manivasagam Publications)||2007|| ||273 pages||
|-
|Srinivasan, V.||Thirukkural||(Sri Vijeyam Publishers)||2007|| || ||
|-
|Jayabalan, M. D.||Thirukkural in English||[[Cheyyar]]||2008||Selections||Translated a selections of 317 couplets from all the three books||
|-
|Soundarrajan, C. R.||Thirukkural Uraikkalanjiam||(Thiruvarasu Puthaka Nilayam)||2008|| ||960 pages||
|-
|Chellaiah Yogarathinam||Tirukkural in English||[[Chennai]] (Manimekalai Prasuram)||2008|| || ||
|-
|Ira. Ilangkannanaar||Bilingual Tirukkural||(KPK Memorial Political Souvenir)||2008||Partial||Translated only 1049 couplets||
|-
|V. Murugan||Thirukkural in English||[[Chennai]] (Arivu Pathippagam)||2009||Complete–Verse|| ||How will compassion hold him under its reign Who feeds on others' flesh to fatten his own?
|-
|Moorthy Rajaram||Thirukkural: Pearls of Inspiration ||New Delhi (Rupa Publication)||2009||Complete—Verse||272 pages; ISBN_HB: 9788129114587 ||How could one ever be compassionate If one fattens on animal meat?
|-
|Moorthy Rajaram||Thirukkural: Pearls of Inspiration ||New Delhi (Rupa Publication)||2009||Complete—Prose|| ||One who fattens himself feeding on the animal flesh can never be kind to others.
|-
|N. E. Ramalingam||Thirukkural Commentary in Tamil and English ||[[Chennai]] (Thiruvalluvar Pathippagam)||2009||Complete—Prose||<ref>{{cite book |author=N. E. Ramalingam |title=Thirukkural Commentary in Tamil and English |url= |year=2009 |publisher=Thiruvalluvar Pathippagam |location=Chennai|isbn= }}</ref>||How can one be kind hearted when he eats the flesh of other beings to increase his own flesh?
|-
|Damo Bullen||Unpublished||N/A||2009|| || ||
|-
|Pasupathy Dhanaraj||Tirukkural: Tenets for Right Living||[[Chennai]] (Mathushree Imprints)||2009|| ||284 pages||
|-
|Ramiah, B.||Tirukkural: English Explanation||[[Pudukkottai]] (Pudukkottai Thirukkural Kazhagam)||2009||Selections||Translated only 330 couplets||
|-
|Subramani, B. R. M.||Thirukkural: Righteousness: Morals and Virtues||(Dravidian University)||2010||Partial||Translated only Books I and II; published in two volumes||
|-
|R. Viswanathan||Thirukkural: Universal Tamil Scripture: {{sic|nolink=y|reason=error in source|Alongwith}} the Commentary of Parimalazhagar in English ||[[Mumbai]] (Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan)||2011||Complete—Prose|| 278 pages with Tamil text and English translation; {{ISBN|978-81-7276-448-7}} ||
|-
|A. Gopalakrishnan||Tirukkural—Thiruvalluvar Karutthurai ||[[Chidambaram]] (Meiyappan Padhippagam)||2012||Complete—Prose||Authored both Tamil commentary and English translation||How can one possess kindness towards the living beings; when he himself eats the flesh of other living beings to increase his own flesh?
|-
|S. John Sahayam||Tirukkural—English translation ||[[Chennai]] (Vanathi Padhippagam)||2012|| || ||
|-
|[[Vaidehi Herbert]]||Thirukkural in English ||Online||2012||Complete ||Translatated all the three books||
|-
|T. Kannan||Online || ||2013||Partial—Prose||Translated Book I and II; Book III in progress as of 2024||
|-
|Singaravelu Sachithanantham||Karya Etika Tamil Berjudul Thirukkuṛaḷ||Malaysia (Uma Publications)||2013||Complete—Verse||Trilingual version with Tamil original and Malay and English versions translated by the translator.||How would one, who kills the body of another being, and eats the meat of that being to enlarge one's own body, become one, who nurtures Arul ('compassion')?
|-
|Anonymous||Kural Abridged—Damowords ||Online||2013||Complete||Single-line translation||
|-
|S. P. Guruparan||Thirukkural: English Translation||[[Chennai]] (Mayilavan Padhippagam)||2014||Complete—Verse|| ||(a) If one eats the flesh of another (creature) to fatten his body How can he be a charitable person? (b) To strengthen his body if another body is eaten by one How can he be a compassionate one?!!
|-
|[[Gopalkrishna Gandhi]]||Tiruvalluvar—The Tirukkural: A New English Version||New Delhi (Aleph Classics)||2015||Complete—Verse|| ||How can one not see the ugliness of eating meat? How can one made of flesh another's flesh eat?
|-
|Jyothirllata Girija||Voice of Valluvar: Tirukkural the Tamil Veda, rendered in rhyming couplets||[[Allahabad]] (Cyberwit.net)||2015||Complete—Verse||Paperback available online ||
|-
|R. Venkatachalam||Thirukkural—Translation—Explanation: A Life Skills Coaching Approach||[[Gurgaon]] (Partridge Publishing India)||2015||Complete—Verse|| ||
|-
|S. Kasipandiyan||Thiruvalluvar on Human Destiny||(Allied Publishers Limited)||2016||Complete|| ||
|-
|Narayanalakshmi||Thirukkural of Thiruvalluvar|| ||2016||Complete—Prose||Five volumes ||
|-
|Ajayan Thenmala||Tiruvalluvar Tirukkural (Trilingual)||(Bhairavi Publications)||2017|| ||282 pages (with Hindi, English and Malayalam translations)||
|-
|V. K. Parameswaran Pillai||Kural||Madras|| || || ||
|-
|Madurai Babaraj||Thirukkural—Virtue||[[Chennai]] (B. Vasantha)||2018||Complete—Prose|| ||How can one be merciful if one eats flesh of animals to develop his corporeal frame?
|-
|R. J. A. Stephen Loie||Thirukkural English Couplet||[[Chennai]] (Palaniappa Brothers)||2018|| ||208 pages; ISBN: 978-93-88139-60-1 ||
|-
|R. Jayaprakasam||''Thirukkural: Text in English & Tamil''||[[Chennai]] (Porselvi Pathippagam)||2019||Complete—Prose||<ref>{{cite book |author=R. Jayaprakasam |title=Thirukkural: Text in English & Tamil |url= |year=2019 |publisher=Porselvi Pathippagam |location=Chennai|isbn=978-81-926917-5-6 }}</ref>||How could he who eat the flesh for proliferation of his own flesh and body be enough compassionate?
|-
|Pattu M. Bhoopathi||''Thus Blossoms Love: A Transcreation of Kamattupal in Modern Verse''||[[Chennai]] (Sandhya Publications)||2019||Partial—Verse||Translated Book III alone in modern verse form{{sfn|Bhoopathi, 2019}}||Not translated
|-
|Jeevendiran Chemen||''Tirukkural'' (Volume 1 & 2: Domestic life and Ascetic life)||[[Ebene]], [[Mauritius]] (self-published)||2020||Partial||Translated Book I alone in English and French||
|-
|Lakshman Naresh||''Tirukkural in English'' (Thiruvalluvar Book 1)||Kindle edition||2020|| ||178 pages||
|-
|Varadaraja V. Raman||''Tirukkural (Book I) in English: As Rhyming Couplets with the Core Ideas''||Kindle edition||2020|| ||161 pages (SIN: B086VVN-5HQ)||
|-
|J. S. Anantha Krishnan||Thiruvalluvar's Thirukkural||[[Kollam]] (Dream Bookbindery)||2021||Complete—Verse|| ||
|-
|N. Doraiswamy||''Tirukkural in Easy English'' (Vol. 1) (Vol. 2 On Love)||[[Chennai]] (Notion Press)||2021|| ||154 pages; published again in 2022 (300 pages)||
|-
|Kavikkuyil Anaivaariyar||''Thirukkural: Pearls of Wisdom from Classical Tamil Series''||[[Chennai]] (Notion Press)||2021|| ||322 pages ||
|-
|P. Subramanian||''Thirukkural—A Comprehensive Vision for Life''||(Jazym Books)||2021|| ||552 pages||
|-
|Thomas Hitoshi Pruiksma||''The Kural: Tiruvalluvar's Tirukkural''||[[Boston]] (Beacon Press)||2022||Complete ||256 pages ||
|-
|R. Manimohan||THIRUKKURAL 108||[Emerald Publishers] & Kindle Edition||2024||Partial ||Books I and II ||
|-
|Karen Goel||''Thirukkural''||[[Chennai]] (Notion Press)||2022|| ||226 pages, paperback; ISBN: 979-8885556408 ||
|-
|T. Anatharani and K. Bhagat Singh||The Chapter on Wealth||(Yes Dee Publishing)||2022||Partial ||162 pages; ISBN: 978-9391549237 ||
|-
|S. B. Chakraborthy||''Thirukkural''||[[Chennai]] (Discovery Publications)||2023|| || ||
|-
|[[Meena Kandasamy]]||''The Book of Desire''||[[New Delhi]] (Penguin Random House India)||2023||Partial—Prose||Translated Book III alone in feministic viewpoint<ref>{{cite news | last = Narang | first = Gaurvi | title = 'Only thing you read to your lover in bed'—Meena Kandasamy's modern book on ancient Tamil text | newspaper = The Print | location = New Delhi| pages = | language = | publisher = | date = 15 February 2023| url = https://theprint.in/features/only-thing-you-read-to-your-lover-in-bed-meena-kandasamys-modern-book-on-ancient-tamil-text/1372536/ | access-date = 21 February 2023|ref={{sfnRef|Gaurvi Narang, ''The Print'', 15 February 2023}} }}</ref>||Not translated
|-
|R. Natarajan||''The Kural: English Translation of the Ancient Tamil Text Thirukkural''||[[Chennai]] (Rare Publications)||2023||Complete||144 pages. ISBN: 978-9383826643 ||
|-
|K. Dhevendhiran||''Tirukkural: English version''||Kindle edition||2023|| ||221 pages ||
|-
|A. Rajamanickam||''The Holy Kural: A Comprehensive Prose Rendering Work''||(Thamarai Publications)||2023|| ||ISBN: 978-8123445236 ||
|-
|Theanmozhi Chembian||''Thirukkural English Translation in Seven Words''||(PeriyarBooks.com)||2023|| ||283 pages ||
|-
|K. M. A. Ahamed Zubair||''Thirukkural: Universal Book''||[[London]] (Shams Publishing Inc.)||2024||Complete || ||
|-
|rowspan="2" |_row_count ||rowspan="2"|[[Tirukkural translations into Fijian|Fijian]]||Samuel L. Berwick ||Na Tirukurala||[[Nadi]], Fiji (Sri Ramakrishna Mission)||1964||Complete||<ref name="IndWeekend"/><ref>{{cite book |author=S. L. Berwick |title=Na Tirukurala |url= |year=1964 |publisher=Sri Ramakrishna Mission |location=Nadi|isbn= }}</ref> ||Loloma cava me tu tale vua, Ke lewe ni manumanu e sa sagaa Ena nona kocova wale ga Me vakamatea me uro vua.
|-
|Paul Geraghty||Tirukurali Na sere tabu||[[Suva]], Fiji (Reddy Group of Companies)<ref name="IndWeekend">{{cite news
| last = Dev Nadkarni and Padmini Gaunder
| first =
| title = And Now, Thirukkural in Fijian
| newspaper = The Indian Weekender
| location =
| pages =
| language =
| date = 10 July 2009
| url = https://www.indianweekender.co.nz/Pages/ArticleDetails/14/273/Fiji/And-now-Thirukkural-in-Fijian#google_vignette
| access-date = 20 November 2023}}</ref>||2008||Complete|| ||E rawa vakacava ni yalololoma e dua ni dau kania na lewenimanumanu me ikuri ni lewe ni yogona.
|-
|rowspan="2" |_row_count||rowspan="2"|Finnish||[[Pentti Aalto]]||Kural—The Ancient Tamil Classic||[[Helsinki]] (Societas Orientalis Fennica)||1972||Selections<ref name="ValaiTamilPub"/>{{Rp|p=69}}||<ref name="Sanjeevi_BiblioOfTK">{{cite book
| last = Sanjeevi
| first = N.
| title = ''Bibliography on Tirukkural''. ''In'' First All India Tirukkural Seminar Papers
| publisher = University of Madras
| date = 1973
| page = 145
}}</ref>||
|-
|Asko Parpola||Etelä-intialainen mieterunoelma Tirukkural (n. 500 jKr)||(Unpublished)||1980||Partial||Translated the first 175 couplets from Book I<ref name="ValaiTamilPub"/>{{Rp|p=69}} ||
|-
|rowspan="17" |_row_count ||rowspan="17"|[[Tirukkural translations into French|French]]||Anonymous||Kural de Thiruvalluvar, Selections||Paris||1767||Selections|| ||
|-
|[[E. S. Ariel]]||Kural de Thiruvalluvar (Traduits du Tamoul)||Paris||1848||Selections|| ||
|-
|[[P. G. de Dumast]]|| || ||1854|||| ||
|-
|[[Pierre-Eugène Lamairesse]]||Thirukural in French||[[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]]||1867|||| ||
|-
|[[Louis Jacolliot]]|| ||[[Paris]] (A Lacroix)||1876|||| ||
|-
|G. Barrigue de Fontainieu||Le Livre de l'amour de Thiruvalluva||[[Paris]] (Lemerre)||1889|||| ||
|-
|[[Julien Vinson]]|| ||[[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]]||1893|||| ||
|-
|[[Alain Daniélou]]||Thiruvallouvar Kural||[[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]]||1942|||| ||
|-
|[[Gnanou Diagou]]||Tirou Vallouvar Koural (Thirukural in French)||Pondicherry (Sandhanam)<ref name="BnfDataFrench"/> [[New Delhi]] (Asian Educational Services)||1942||Complete—Prose|| ||Comment celui qui mange la chair d'un autre être animé, pour engraisser la sienne, peut-il se laisser gagner par la miséricorde.
|-
|Antonio Sorrentino|| ||(Francois Gros. Greenhouse 2)||1986|||| ||
|-
|Mootoocoomaren Sangeelee||Tirouk Koural<ref name="BnfDataFrench"/>||(Editions de L'Ocean Indien)||1988|| || ||
|-
|François Gros||Le Livre de l'Amour||Paris (Gallimard, Collection UNESCO)||1992|| || ||
|-
|S. Singh|| ||[[New Delhi]] (Richa Prakashan)||2003|| || ||
|-
|Rama Valayden|| ||[[Port Louis]], Mauritius||2007|| || ||
|-
|T. Janakiraman Kalladan|| || Kalladan, T. Janakiraman||2016|| || ||
|-
|Jeevendiran Chemen||''Tirukkural'' (Volume 1 & 2: Domestic life and Ascetic life)||[[Ebene]], [[Mauritius]] (self-published)||2020||Partial||Translated Book I alone in English and French||
|-
|Sachchithanantham, Sathasivam||''Le Tiroukkoural: Encyclopédie de sagesse tamoule'' ||[[Paris]] (Librairie Le Phénix) ||2024|| ||Edited by L'Harmattan; ISBN: 9782140493607 ||
|-
|_row_count||[[Garo language|Garo]]||A. Antoni Selvadoss ||''Rongtalgipa Poido'' ||[[Meghalaya]] ||2000||Complete—Verse|| ||
|-
|rowspan="6" |_row_count ||rowspan="6"|[[Tirukkural translations into German|German]]||[[August Friedrich Caemmerer]]||Thirukural waith German Translation||[[Leipzig]]||1803|||| ||Wie kann er zutreffendes Mitleid üben, das das Fleisch eines Tieres ißt, um sein eigenes Fleisch zu mästen?
|-
|[[Friedrich Rückert]]||Thirukural, Selections||[[Berlin]]||1847||Selections|| ||
|-
|[[Karl Graul]]||''Der Kural des Tiruvalluver. Ein gnomisches Gedicht über die drei Strebeziele des Menschen.''||[[London]] (William & Norgate) and [[Leipzig]] (F. A. Brockhaus)<ref name="BnfDataFrench">{{cite book
| url = https://data.bnf.fr/en/14650616/tiruval_l_uvar_tirukkur_al_/
| title = Editions of "Tirukkuṟaḷ"
| date = n.d.
| via = data.bnf.fr
| publisher = BnF Data
}}</ref>||1856||Complete||Published as the third volume (220 pages) of the four-volume work ''Bibliotheca Tamulica sive Opera Praecipia Tamuliensium''||Wer, das eigne Fleisch zu mehren, fremdes Fleisch geniesst, — wie wird Der der Huld pflegen?

|-
|Fenz Albrecht and K. Lalithambal||Thirukural von Thiruvalluvar aus dem Tamil||[[Madurai]]||1877|||| ||Ißt jemand Fleisch von anderen Kreaturen, um sein eigenes Fleisch zu vermehren – wie kann er Gnade erlangen?
|-
|[[Albert Schweitzer]]|| || || |||| ||
|-
|[[Uwe Beissert]]|| ||[[Basel]] (Project Ohms [AUM]) ||1990|| || ||
|-
|_row_count||Greek|| || || || || || ||Πώς μπορεί κάποιος, που τρώει τη σάρκα άλλων για να φουσκώσει τη δική του σάρκα, να δείξει συμπόνοια;
|-
|rowspan="3" |_row_count ||rowspan="3"|[[Tirukkural translations into Gujarati|Gujarati]]||Najuklal Choksi||Thirukural||[[Ahmedabad]](Sastu Sahitya) ||1931|||| ||
|-
|[[Kantilal L. Kalani]]||Thirukural in Gujarati||[[Bombay]] (University Book Board of Gujarat State)||1971||Select||Translated only 852 couplets (from all chapters). Republished in 1985 by [[Sardar Patel University]], Vallabh Vidhya Nagar.||
|-
|[[P. C. Kokila]]||Thirukkural in Gujarathi||[[Chennai]] ([[Central Institute of Classical Tamil]])||2015||Complete||<ref>{{cite news
| last = Press Information Bureau
| title = PM releases Gujarati translation of Thirukkural, on 'Thiruvalluvar Day'
| location = New Delhi
| publisher = Government of India, Prime Minister's Office
| date = 16 January 2015
| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=114722
| access-date = 22 November 2016}}</ref> ||સ્વમાંસ પોષણ હેતુ જે અન્ય (પ્રાણી)ના માંસનું કરે ભક્ષણ દયાભાવ કેમ કરી હોય તેના (મન) માં?
|-
|rowspan="20" |_row_count ||rowspan="20"|[[Tirukkural translations into Hindi|Hindi]]||Khenand Rakar||Thirukural, Parts 1 and 2||[[Ajmer]]||1924|| ||Republished in 1969.<ref name="Tiruvalluvar2050"/>||
|-
|Khan Chand Rahit|| || ||1926|||| ||
|-
|Govindaraj Shastri Jain||Kural in Verse, First two parts||New Delhi||1942|||| ||
|-
|B. D. Jain||Thirukural||[[Thiruppanandal|Thirupananthal]]||1952|| ||Republished in 1961.||
|-
|S. Sankar Raju Naidu||Tamil Ved||[[Madras]] (University of Madras Press)||1958|||| ||
|-
|M. G. Venkatakrishnan||Thirukural||[[Trichy]]||1964||Complete||Revised and enlarged edition published November 1998 by Sakthi Finance Ltd., Madras||माँस-वृद्धि अपनी समझ, जो खाता पर माँस। कैसे दयार्द्रता-सुगुण, रहता उसके पास॥
|-
| ||Uttar Ved|| ||1967|||| ||
|-
|Rajan Pillai||Thirukural||[[Lucknow]]||1976|||| ||
|-
|K. Seshadri||Thirukural in Hindi||[[Lucknow]]||1982|||| ||
|-
| ||Satsai|| ||1982||Selections||Translated 700 couplets||
|-
| || || ||1989|| || ||
|-
|T. E. S. Raghavan||Thirukkural|| ||1990||Complete—Verse||Rendered a poetic rendition in '[[Venpa|Venba]]' metre as in the source<ref name="TH_Raghavan">{{cite news | title = Translator wants Tirukkural couplets to be displayed in planes, trains | newspaper = The Hindu | location = Chennai | publisher = Kasturi & Sons | date = 23 September 2021 | url = https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/translator-wants-tirukkural-couplets-to-be-displayed-in-planes-trains/article36621486.ece | access-date = 8 March 2022}}</ref>||
|-
|Ananda Sandhidut||Kural Kavitā Valī|| ||2000|| || ||
|-
| ||Thirukkural||[[New Delhi]] (Bhartiya Gyanpith)||2014|| ||ISBN: 978-9326352543||
|-
|Ajayan Thenmala||Tiruvalluvar Tirukkural (Trilingual)||(Bhairavi Publications)||2017|| ||282 pages (with Hindi, English and Malayalam translations)||
|-
|S. Anandakrishnan ||Thirukkural-1||[[Chennai]] (Notion Press)||2020|| ||46 pages; ISBN: 978-1648925894||
|-
|Pawan Kumar Singh and Rama Kant Singh ||Thirukkural: Hindi Padyaanuvaad||(Writers Choice)||2021|| ||ISBN: 978-8194953685||
|-
|Nilesh Kumar Agarwal ||Tirukkural||[[Chennai]] (Notion Press)||2021|| ||262 pages; ISBN: 978-1639973828||
|-
|M. Govindarajan||Tirukkur̲aḷ – Translations into Hindi||[[Chennai]] (CICT)||2023||Verse||650 pages; ISBN: 978-93-81744-70-3||अपने मांस की वृद्धि, हेतू खाय पर-मांस। कैसे करें उसके पास, धया भाव की आस॥
|-
|M. Govindarajan||Tirukkur̲aḷ – Translations into Hindi||[[Chennai]] (CICT)||2023||Prose||650 pages; ISBN: 978-93-81744-70-3||अपने शरीर का आमिष बढ़ाने हेतु दूसरे प्राणियों का मांस खाने वाले के हृदय में दया का भाव कैसे हो सकता है?
|-
|rowspan="2" |_row_count ||rowspan="2"|[[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]||A. S. Kobalen||Tuntunan Bijak: Dari Masa ke Masa [Tirukural by Tiruwalluar] || || ||Complete—Prose|| ||Bagaimana seseorang mungkin memiliki sifat iba, yang memiliki maksud menambah daging jasadnya sendiri, akan memakan daging hewan lain.
|-
|M. Pazhanichamy|| ||[[Medan]], Indonesia || || || ||
|-
|_row_count||[[Irish language|Irish]]||[[Gabriel Rosenstock]]||An Thirukkural as Gaeilge ({{ISBN|978-1782013136}}) || ||2023||Complete||<ref>{{cite periodical | url=https://issuu.com/kuralvazhi/docs/kuralvazhi-2 | title=Irish moliyil Tirukkural |trans-title=Tirukkural in Irish | date=November 2023 |script-periodical=ta:குறள் வழி | access-date=25 November 2023 |via=Issuu}}{{clarify|reason='Irish moliyil Tirukkural' not found; |date=November 2023}}</ref>{{Rp|40}}||
|-
|_row_count||Italian||Antonio Sorrentino ||Tirukkural. Le massime di Tiruvalluvar||[[Napoli]] (Ist Universitario Orientale Studi asiatici. Serie tre (Dept. of Asiatic Studies))||1986||Complete||226 pages||Come può esercitarsi nella pietà allineare che mangia la carne di un animale per ingrassare la sua propria carne?
|-
|rowspan="3" |_row_count||rowspan="3"|[[Tirukkural translations into Japanese|Japanese]]||[[Shuzo Matsunaga]]||Thirukkural||[[Osaka]]||1981 (August)|| ||<ref name="Hindu_FriendshipWithstoodTime">{{cite news
| last = Kannadasan
| first = Akila
| title = Friendship that has withstood time
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Coimbatore
| publisher = Kasturi & Sons
| date = 24 June 2012
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/friendship-that-has-withstood-time/article3564823.ece
| access-date = 4 January 2018}}</ref> ||彼はいかに彼自身の肉を太らせるために動物の肉を食べる本当の同情を練習してもいいか。
|-
|[[Takanobu Takahashi]]||Thirukkural: Sacred Verses of Ancient Tamil||Tokyo (Heibonsha)||1999|| || ||
|-
| Balamurugan Kasinathan|| Tirukkur̲aḷ – Translations into Japanese||Chennai ([[Central Institute of Classical Tamil|CICT]])||2023||Complete||ISBN: 978-81-19249-29-9 ||
|-
|rowspan="7" |_row_count ||rowspan="7"|[[Tirukkural translations into Kannada|Kannada]]||[[B. M. Srikantaiah|B. M. Srikanthaiah]]||Kural (Selections in verses)||[[Bangalore]]||1940||Selections—Verse|| ||
|-
|[[L. Gundappa]]||Thirukural Dharma Bhaga (Chapter on Virtue)||[[Bangalore]]||1955||Partial||Published a complete translation in 1960 under the title ''Thirukural (3 parts)''.||
|-
|[[L. Gundappa]]||Thirukural (3 parts)||[[Madras]]||1960||Complete|| ||
|-
|P. S. Srinivas||Thirukural with Original Couplets and Translations in Kannada||Madurai||1982||Complete—Prose|| ||ತನ್ನ ಮೈ ಮಾಂಸವನ್ನು ಬೆಳಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಲು ಇತರ ಪ್ರಾಣಿಗಳ ಮೈಮಾಂಸವನ್ನು ತಿನ್ನುವವನು ಹೇಗೆ ತಾನೆ ಕರುಣೆಯಿಂದ ಬಾಳಬಲ್ಲನು?
|-
|N. Munusamy||Thirukural in Kannada|| ||1985|| ||<ref name="Tiruvalluvar2050">{{cite book
| last = Polhilan et al. (Ed.)
| title = Tiruvalluvar 2050
| publisher = Periyariya Unarvalargal Koottamaippu
| edition = 1
| date = 2019
| location = Chennai
| page = 680
| language = Tamil
}}</ref>||
|-
|K. Jayaraman||Thirukural with Original Couplets and Translations in Kannada||[[Mysore]]||2001|||| ||
|-
|[[S. Srinivasan (Kural translator)|S. Srinivasan]]||Tirukkural in Kannada||Chennai||2014||Complete—Verse||<ref>{{cite book
| last = Srinivasan
| first = S.
| title = Tirukkural in Kannada
| publisher = Central Institute of Classical Tamil
| volume = 1
| edition = 1
| date = 2014
| location = Chennai
| pages = i–xxiv, 410 pages
| language = ta, kn
| isbn = 978-93-81744-05-5
}}</ref> ||ತನ್ನೊಡಲ ಬೆಳೆಸಲು ಉಣಲು ಬೇರೆ ಬಾಡನು ತನ್ನೊಳು ಕರುಣೆ ಬರುವದೆಂತು?
|-
|_row_count||[[Tirukkural translations into Kashmiri|Kashmiri]]||Beena Budki ||Tirukkur̲aḷ – Translations into Kashmiri||[[Chennai]] ([[Central Institute of Classical Tamil|CICT]]) ||2023||Complete||ISBN: 978-81-19249-31-2 ||
|-
|_row_count||[[Tirukkural translations into Khmer|Khmer]]||Thang Rou||Tirukkur̲aḷ – Translations into Khmer||Chennai ([[Central Institute of Classical Tamil|CICT]])||2022||Complete||812 pages; ISBN: 978-93-81744-91-8 ||
|-
|rowspan="3" |_row_count||rowspan="3"|[[Tirukkkural translations into Konkani|Konkani]]||[[Narayana Purushothama Mallaya]]||Thirukkural in Konkani||[[Kochi]] (Konkani Bhasha Prachar Sabha)||2002||Complete—Verse||Began translating in 1987. Translation released on 23 June 2002.<ref name="TirukkuralInKonkani">{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2002/06/24/stories/2002062402810200.htm | archive-url=https://archive.today/20150224163720/http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2002/06/24/stories/2002062402810200.htm | archive-date=24 February 2015 | title='Thirukkural' in Konkani | date=24 June 2002 | work=[[The Hindu]] | access-date=24 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Thirukkural translated into Konkani |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/Thirukkural-translated-into-Konkani/articleshow/13002899.cms |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |publisher=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=20 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226175012/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/Thirukkural-translated-into-Konkani/articleshow/13002899.cms |archive-date=December 26, 2016 |language=en |date=15 June 2002 |url-status=live}}</ref>||अन्नदान करचाक तागेले मांस, कोण माम्स भक्षण कर्ता,। कसले करुणायुक्त औदार्य, तसले मनुष्य अनुमान कर्ता?॥
|-
|[[Suresh Gundu Amonkar]]|| || || || ||<ref name="Amonkar on Goa University Library">{{cite web | url=http://libcat.unigoa.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=au:Amonkar,%20Suresh | title=Amonkar on Goa University Library | publisher=Goa University Library |year=2016 | access-date=20 February 2016}}</ref><ref name="Goa's Padmashree Dr. Suresh Gundu Amonkar on Dr. Jose Pereira and Hinduism">{{cite web | url=http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.culture.region.india.goa/111683 | title=Goa's Padmashree Dr. Suresh Gundu Amonkar on Dr. Jose Pereira and Hinduism | publisher=Gmane | date=8 August 2010 | access-date=20 February 2016}}</ref> ||
|-
| Gowri R. Mallya || ||[[Mangaluru]]||2023|| ||<ref>{{cite news
| last =
| first =
| title = Thirukkural translated to Konkani
| newspaper = The Times of India
| location = Mangaluru
| publisher = The Times Group
| date = 1 September 2023
| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/thirukkural-translated-to-konkani/articleshow/103263823.cms
| access-date = 28 November 2023}}</ref>||
|-
|_row_count||[[Kodava language|Kodava]]|| C. M. Revathi ||Tirukkur̲aḷ – Translations into Kodava||[[Chennai]] ([[Central Institute of Classical Tamil|CICT]]) ||2023||Complete||ISBN: 978-81-19249-40-4 ||
|-
|_row_count||[[Koraga language|Koraga]]|| Babu Koraga, Sayeegeetha, and A. Meenakshi ||Tirukkur̲aḷ – Translations into Koraga||[[Chennai]] ([[Central Institute of Classical Tamil|CICT]]) ||2023||Complete||ISBN: 978-81-19249-39-8 ||
|-
|rowspan="3" |_row_count ||rowspan="3"|[[Tirukkural translations into Korean|Korean]]|| || || || || || ||그는 어떻게 그 자신의 살을 살찌기 위하여 동물의 살을 먹는 진실한 연민을 실행해서 좋은가?
|-
|Sri Saravana Enterprises||Thirukkural ||[[Chennai]] (International Institute of Tamil Studies)||2017||Complete—Prose|| ||동물의 고기를 먹어 스스로 살찌우는 사람은 타인에게 결코 친절할 수 없다.
|-
|P. Sahaya Darcius ||Thirukkural || ||2024||Complete||<ref>{{cite news
| last =
| first =
| title = Thirukkural Goes Korean
| newspaper = The Times of India
| location = Chennai
| pages =
| language =
| publisher = The Times Group
| date = 24 November 2024
| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/speaking-tree/daily-ecstasy/thirukkural-goes-korean/articleshow/115625455.cms
| access-date = 9 January 2025}}</ref> ||
|-
|rowspan="2" |_row_count ||rowspan="2"|[[Tirukkural translations into Latin|Latin]]||[[Constanzo Beschi]]||Thirukural (Books I and II)||London||1730||Partial—Prose|| ||Qui ut sua caro pinguoscat, alienas carnes comedit quinam eum viveutibus lenitatem et clementiam exercere dicetur?
|-
|[[Karl Graul]]||''Kural of Tiruvalluver. High-Tamil Text with Translation into Common Tamil and Latin, Notes and Glossary''||[[Tranquebar]]||1865|| ||Published as the fourth volume (348 pages) of the four-volume work ''Bibliotheca Tamulica sive Opera Praecipia Tamuliensium''||Qui ut suam earnem augeat, alienas carnes comedit, quomodo is benevolentia utetur?
|-
|_row_count||[[Maithili language|Maithili]]||Ramchandra Roy||Tirukkur̲aḷ – Translations into Maithili||[[Chennai]] ([[Central Institute of Classical Tamil]])||2023||Complete||ISBN: 978-93-81744-19-2 ||
|-
|rowspan="7" |_row_count ||rowspan="7"|[[Tirukkural translations into Malay|Malay]]||Ramily Bin Haji Thakir||Thirukural (in verses)||[[Kuala Lumpur]] (Kural Ilakkam)||1964|||| ||
|-
|Hussein Ismail||Thirukural Sastera Kalasik Tamil Yang||[[Kuala Lumpur]] (Jabatan Pengajian India)||1967|||| ||
|-
|G. Soosai||Thirukkural dalam bahasa Melayu (Thirukkural Kitab Murni Tamil Nadu)||[[Kuala Lumpur]]||1978|| ||Reprinted in 1991||Insan maging menikmati kekejaman Tanpa belasan mengemukakan badan.
|-
|NA|| ||(Persatuan Hindu Universiti, Malaysia)||1997|||| ||
|-
|M. Rajentheran/Kumaran|| ||Malaysia (Uma Publications)||2003|||| ||
|-
|Singaravelu Sachithanantham||Tirukkural translations into English (Thirukkural Tribahasa)||Malaysia (Uma Publications)||2013||Complete—Verse||Trilingual version with Tamil original and Malay and English versions translated by the translator.||Bagaimanakah orang, yang membunuh tubuh makhluk lain, dan makan daging makhluk itu untuk membesarkan badannya sendiri, akan menjadi orang, yang memelihara arul (belas kasihan)?
|-
| Arulselvan Raju|| Tirukkur̲aḷ – Translations into Malay||Chennai ([[Central Institute of Classical Tamil|CICT]])||2023||Complete||ISBN: 978-81-19249-42-8 ||
|-
|rowspan="18" |_row_count ||rowspan="18"|[[Tirukkural translations into Malayalam|Malayalam]]||I. V. Ramaswamy Iyer||Malayalathil Kural||[[Trivandrum]]||1595|| ||First ever translation of the Kural text in any language.||
|-
|Perunazhi Krishna Vaidhyan||Kural||Trivandrum||1863|| ||Partly translated. Republished in 1894.<ref name="Tiruvalluvar2050"/>||
|-
|Azhakathu Kurup||Thirukural in Verses||Trivandrum||1875||Verse|| ||
|-
|A. Govinda Pillai||Thirukural||Trivandrum||1899|| ||Translation currently unavailable||
|-
|P. Damodaran Pillai||Thirukural Manikal||Trivandrum||1951|| || ||
|-
|Sasthamangalam Ramakrishna Pillai||Ramakrishna Tirukkural||Trivandrum||1957|| ||Translation completed 1933 with comprehensive commentary and notes, but published September 1957 with abridged commentary||
|-
|Parmeshram|| || || ||Partial||Translated only Books I and II||
|-
|[[Vennikkulam Gopala Kurup]]||Thirukural||[[Kottayam]] (Writers Co-operative Society)||1957||Partial—Verse||Reprinted in 1960 with translations for Books I and II in verse||
|-
|K. Chellan Nadar||Thirukural Tharmanaskantam||[[Parassala]]||1962|||| ||
|-
|[[Tiruvallam G. Bhaskaran Nair]]||Bhasha Tirukkural (Dharmakandam)||Trivandrum (Arul Nilayam)||1962||Partial—Prose||Translated only Book I. Published with the original Tamil verse transliterated in Malayalam and a Malayalam commentary in prose.||
|-
|[[G. Balakrishnan Nair]]||Kural with Commentary, Part I||Trivandrum||1963||Partial|| ||
|-
|S. Ramesan Nair||Thirukkural Malayalam Vivarthanam||[[Trivandrum]] (Trust Publications)||1998|| ||Translated into old Malayalam ||
|-
|V. V. Abdulla Sahib||Thirukkural ||[[Erode]] (Gupta Press) ||2002|||| ||തൻ ദേഹം നിലനിർത്താനായ് മറുദേഹം ഭുജിപ്പവൻ ജീവകാരുണ്യമുള്ളോനെന്നുരചെയ്യുവതെങ്ങനെ?
|-
|K. G. Chandrasekaran Nair ||Thirukkural (Sampoornabhashyam) ||[[Thiruvananthapuram]] (All Kerala Tamizh Federation)||2002||Prose||Published by D. C. Books, [[Kottayam]] in 2003||
|-
|M. R. R. Variar||Thirukkural|| ||2003|| || ||
|-
|Shailaja Ravindran||Thirukkural ||[[Kottayam]] (D. C. Books) ||2007|||| ||
|-
|Ajayan Thenmala||Tiruvalluvar Tirukkural (Trilingual)||(Bhairavi Publications)||2017|| ||282 pages (with Hindi, English and Malayalam translations)||
|-
|N. Manoharan||Tirukkur̲aḷ – Translations into Malayalam||[[Chennai]] (CICT)||2022|| ||489 pages; ISBN: 978-93-81744-67-3||
|-
|_row_count||[[Meitei language|Manipuri]]||[[Soibam Rebika Devi]]||Tirukkural in Manipuri||[[Chennai]] ([[Central Institute of Classical Tamil]])||2014||Complete—Prose||<ref name="ValaiTamil_RebikaDevi">{{cite news
| title = திருக்குறளை மணிப்பூர் மொழியில் மொழி பெயர்த்து வெளியிட்ட மணிப்பூர் மங்கை ரேபிகா தேவி
| newspaper = Valai Tamil.com
| language = ta
| publisher = ValaiTamil.com
| date = 15 March 2014
| url = http://www.valaitamil.com/thirukkural-translated-in-manipuri-language_12079.html
| access-date = 14 October 2017}}</ref>||মশাবূ থাক্ননবা অতোপ্ত্রা জীবগী শদোঙ চাবা মীওই অদুগী মথম্মোইদা করন্না মীনুংশি ফাওগদৌরিবানা?
|-
|rowspan="4" |_row_count||rowspan="4"|[[Tirukkural translations into Marathi|Marathi]]||[[Sane Guruji]]||Kavi Tiruvalluvar Kural (Kural: Theen Purushartha)||[[Pune]] (Continental Publishers)||1930||Complete–Prose||Translated in 1930, but officially published 1948. Second edition in 1960 and reprints in 1975 and 1987.{{sfn|Kovaimani and Nagarajan, 2013|pp=518–520}}{{sfn|Sanjeevi, 1973|pp=50–55}}{{sfn|Tamilselvan et al., 2017|pp=228–229}}||स्वतःची चरबी वाढावी म्हणून दुसन्या प्राण्यांचे जो मांस खातो; त्याला दया कशी बरे कधी वाटेल?
|-
| Narayana Govindarao Peshwe and Ganpath Govindarao Peshwe||(Thirukkural)||[[Belgaum]] (Dhananjay Press)||1930||Partial–Prose||Translated only the first 89 chapters. First appeared in ''Lokamitra'' journal.{{sfn|Kovaimani and Nagarajan, 2013|p=520}}||
|-
| Purushottam Dinkar Joshi||Thiruvalluvar Virchit Tirukkural||[[Mumbai]] (Maharashtra State Literature and Cultural Board)||1977||Complete–Prose||Direct translation from the Tamil original.{{sfn|Tamilselvan et al., 2017|pp=228–234}}||
|-
| N. Lalitha|| Tirukkur̲aḷ – Translations into Marathi||Chennai ([[Central Institute of Classical Tamil|CICT]])||2022||Complete||434 pages; ISBN: 978-93-81744-69-7 ||
|-
|_row_count||[[Tirukkural translations into Nepali|Nepali]]||Sunita Dahal ||Tirukkur̲aḷ – Translations into Nepali||[[Chennai]] ([[Central Institute of Classical Tamil|CICT]]) ||2022||Complete||540 pages; ISBN: 978-93-81744-60-4 ||
|-
|_row_count||[[Tirukkural translations into Norwegian|Norwegian]]||Kevin Raja Kowsihaa Gowsegan Gowrithasan Krogh ||Thiruvalluvar sin Thirukkural på Norsk||[[Oslo]] ||2017||Complete—Verse|| ||
|-
|rowspan="7" |_row_count ||rowspan="7"|[[Tirukkural translations into Odia|Odia]]||Chittaranjan Das||Kural (Oriya)||[[Bhubaneswar]] (Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan)||1978|||| ||
|-
| Kishrod Dash Ch||Thirukuralu—In Oriya Language||[[Sambalpur]]||1985||Verse|| ||
|-
| Nityanada Acharya||Tirukkural: Book of Sacred Couplets||[[Balangir]] (Agragami Karyalaya)||1992||Partial||Books I and II only||
|-
| [[G. N. Das]]||Vidyapuri||[[Cuttack]] (Bidyapuri)||1994||Complete—Verse|| ||
|-
| Biswanath Misra||Tirukkural||[[Bhubaneswar]]||1996|||| ||
|-
| Balaram Rout||Thirukkural ||Delhi ([[Sahitya Akademi]])||2017||Complete|| ||
|-
| Giribala Mohanty|| Tirukkur̲aḷ – Translations into Odia||Chennai ([[Central Institute of Classical Tamil|CICT]])||2022||Complete||449 pages; ISBN: 978-93-81744-68-0 ||
|-
|rowspan="2" |_row_count ||rowspan="2"|[[Tirukkural translations into Punjabi|Punjabi]]||Ram Murti Sharma||Thirukural Dhamma Granth of the Tamils||[[Chandigarh]]||1983|||| ||
|-
|[[Tarlochan Singh Bedi]]||Tirukkural in Punjabi||[[Chennai]] ([[Central Institute of Classical Tamil]])||2012||Complete—Verse|| ||ਆਪਣਾ ਮਾਸ ਵਧਾਉਣ ਲਈ ਦੂਸਰੇ ਜੀਵਾਂ ਦਾ ਮਾਸ ਖਾਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਦਇਆ ਭਾਵਨਾ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਹੋ ਸਕਦੀ ਹੈ
|-
|_row_count||[[Tirukkural translations into Persian|Persian]]||S. Sathappan ||Tirukkur̲aḷ – Translations into Persian||[[Chennai]] ([[Central Institute of Classical Tamil|CICT]]) ||2022||Complete||446 pages; ISBN: 978-93-81744-76-5 ||
|-
|rowspan="2" |_row_count ||rowspan="2"|[[Tirukkural translations into Polish|Polish]]||Umadevi, Wandy Dynowskiej||Tiruwalluwar: Tiru-Kural||Madras (Biblioteka Polsko-Indyjska)||1958||Partial||141 pages ||
|-
|Bohdan Gębarski||Tiruwalluwar "Tirukkural" ("Kural"). Święta księga południowych Indii||[[Wrocław]], Poland (Ossolineum)(Europa Publisher)||1977||Complete—Verse||152 pages; published again in 1998.||Pożeraczem żywego nie może być człowiek, Co wyznaje zasady pokoju.
|-
|_row_count||[[Tirukkural translations into Rajasthani|Rajasthani]]||Kamala Gurg||Thirukural Needhi Sastra||[[Jaipur]]||1982|||| ||
|-
|rowspan="4" |_row_count ||rowspan="4"|[[Tirukkural translations into Russian|Russian]]||[[J. J. Glazov]] and A. Krishnamurthi||Thirukural, a Book on Virtue, Politics and Love||Moscow (Yodatel'stvovostvo Enog Literatury)||1963||Complete—Prose||<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rsuh.ru/binary/object_14.1308178891.4628.pdf | title = Translations | date = n.d. | website = Russian State University for the Humanities | access-date = 24 June 2021 | quote = }}</ref>||Как может испытывать сострадание пожирающий плоть других живых созданий ради наращивания своей собственной?
|-
|D. V. Burba|| || ||1964||Select–Prose||Translated the English translation of select couplets by [[C. Rajagopalachari]], which contained 555 couplets from Book I and Book II.||Not translated
|-
|Alif Ibragimov (Ibrahimov)||Thirukural in Couplets with Illustrations||Moscow||1974|||| ||
|-
|Vithali Furniki||Thirukkural||Moscow (Library of Popular Literature)||1990||Complete—Prose|| ||Разве может испытывать чувства сострадания человек, который поедает плоть других живых существ для увеличения своей плоти?
|-
|rowspan="9"|_row_count||rowspan="9"|[[Tirukkural translations into Sanskrit|Sanskrit]]||Thyagasamudram Shri Chakrapani Iyer|| || ||18th century||Verse|| ||
|-
|Appa Vajapeyin||Suniti Kusuma Mala||[[Kumbakonam]] (Gururajachariar) ||1922||Verse|| ||
|-
|Sankara Subramanya Sastri||Sugati Ratnaakaraa|| ||1937–1940||Verse||Published as "Sugati Ratnaakaraa" in the journal ''Sahridaya''||
|-
|Anonymous (perhaps Vidya Bhushanam Pandit Shri Govindaraya Shastri)|| ||Delhi||1940||Verse||Contains prose explanation in Hindi||
|-
|Kaliyan Ramanuja Jeer|| ||[[Nanguneri]]||1956 ||Verse|| ||
|-
|[[S. N. Sriramadesikan]]||Thirukural in Sanskrit Slokas|| Madras ||1961||Complete—Verse||Revised edition published in 1968.||पोषणार्थे स्वदेहस्य कृत्वा य: प्राणिहिंसनम्। तन्मांसभक्षणपर: स दयावान् कथं भवेत्॥
|-
|H. A. Chakrapani Iyer||Tiruvalluvar in Sanskrit|| ||1983||Verse|| ||
|-
|[[V. Indrajithu]]||Thirukural Sanskrit Translation||[[Mangudi (Tiruvarur)|Mangudi]] (Athirai Publication)||2021||Complete—Verse|| ||स्वमांसवर्धनार्थं यो मांसं खादति प्राणिनः। स कथं करुणाशीलो भविष्यति महीतले॥
|-
| S. Rajagopalan|| Tirukkur̲aḷ – Translations into Sanskrit||Chennai ([[Central Institute of Classical Tamil|CICT]])||2022||Complete||440 pages; ISBN: 978-93-81744-79-6 ||
|-
|_row_count||[[Tirukkural translations into Santali|Santali]]||Ref. Fr. Richard V. Joe||Torjakmayic Thirukkural—Nerunji Ilakkiya Iyakkam|| || ||Partial (Book I)|| ||Aćaḱ jel ạsuloḱ lạgiť etaḱ-jel jojomkore Cekate rajoḱa sạhại?
|-
|rowspan="2" |_row_count ||rowspan="2"|[[Tirukkural translations into Saurashtra|Saurashtra]]||[[Sankhu Ram|S. Sankhu Ram]]||Saurastra Thirukural Payiram—Pitika Pragaranam||Madurai (Siddhasramam)||1980||Complete—Verse||Published posthumously. Republished in 1993.||அபுல்தனு ஹொட்3வன்அப்லான் ஆஸிது3ஸ்தன் கா2த்தெனு கோனக ஸவ்கன் த3யொ?
|-
| T. R. Damodaran|| Tirukkur̲aḷ – Translations into Saurashtri||Chennai ([[Central Institute of Classical Tamil|CICT]])||2022||Complete||440 pages; ISBN: 978-93-81744-79-6 ||
|-
|rowspan="2" |_row_count ||rowspan="2"|[[Tirukkural translations into Sinhalese|Sinhalese]]||Govokgada M. Misihamy||Thiruvalluvar's Kural||[[Colombo]] (Anula Publishers)||1961||Complete|| ||තම සිරුර වඩනුව – අන්සතූ සිරුරු කන්නා කරුණාව සිත තූළ – ඇති කරන්නේ කවර අයුරුද?
|-
| Charles De Silva||Sirigiya (Thirukural in Sinhalese)||[[Colombo]] (Sri Lanka Sahitya Mandalaya)||1964|||| ||
|-
|rowspan="3" |_row_count ||rowspan="3"|[[Tirukkural translations into Spanish|Spanish]]||G. Arul|| | || ||1968 || ||<ref name="ValaiTamil"/>||
|-
| Sakthi Kumar/Kannan Kumar|| ||Kindle Edition|| ||||<ref name="ValaiTamil"/>||
|-
| John Buckthese Chinnappan ||Las Perlas Antiguas Tirukural en Español||[[Atlantic City]], [[New Jersey|NJ]] ||2024 || || ||¿Cómo puede alguien poseer bondad, si uno come carne de otro cuerpo para hacer crecer el propio cuerpo?
|-
|_row_count||[[Tirukkural translations into Swedish|Swedish]]||Yngve Frykholm||Tirukkural sydindisk levnadsvisdom, statskunskap och kärlekskonst sammanfattad i 1330 epigram av tamilskalden Tiruvalluvar||[[Uddevalla]]||1971||Complete—Prose|| ||Hur skall den kunna behärskas av godhet som äter andra varelsers kött för att hans eget kött må stärkas?
|-
|rowspan="11" |_row_count ||rowspan="11"|[[Tirukkural translations into Telugu|Telugu]]||Venkatrama Srividyanandaswami||''Trivarga Dipika'' ||[[Nellore]] ||1877|| || ||
|-
|Sakkam Narasimhalu Naidu||''Trivargamu''|| ||1892||Partial|| ||
|-
|Venkatram||''Nīti Mañcari''|| || || || ||
|-
|Lakshminarayana Sastri||Kural||[[Chittoor]]||1906|||| ||
|-
|P. Sriramulu Reddi||Trivargamu||Putthalapatti ||1948|||| ||
|-
|Jagannatha Sastri, Mudiganthi||Thiruvalluva Sookthalu||[[West Godavari]]||1952|| || ||
|-
|Challa Radhakrishna Sarma||Tamila Vedhamu||Madras||1954|||| ||
|-
|Jalayya||Nitisudha|| ||1955|||| ||
|-
|Sonti Sripati Sastry||Sri Padula|| ||1966|||| ||
|-
|Gurucharan Dutaluri Jagannadham||Tirukkural of Tiruvalluvar in Telugu||[[Kuppam]] ([[Dravidian University]])||1986||Verse|| ||బలియ గోరి తాను బలిజేయు జీవుల నట్టి కెట్టు లమరు తరుణ
|-
|Jayaprakash||Tirukkural in Telugu||[[Chennai]] ([[Central Institute of Classical Tamil]])||2014||Complete–Prose|| ||తన శరీరంలోని కండలు పెంచుకోవడం కోసం వేరొక ప్రాణి శరీరాన్ని ఆహారంగా స్వీకరించేవారు ఏ విధంగా దయా స్వభావులవుతారు?
|-
|_row_count||[[Tirukkural translations into Thai|Thai]]|| || || ||2019||Complete||Released in [[Bangkok]] by the Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] on 2 November 2019. Translated from the English version by M. Rajaram (2009). ||
|-
|_row_count||[[Tirukkural translations into Tok Pisin|Tok Pisin]]||Subha Sasindran and Sasindran Muthuvel|| || ||2023||Complete||Released in [[Papua New Guinea]] by [[Narendra Modi]] on 21 May 2023.<ref>{{cite news
| last = Akhilesh Sharma, Samiran Mishra
| title = "You Are Causing Me A Real Problem...": Biden To PM On Upcoming US Trip
| location = New Delhi
| publisher = NDTV
| date = 21 May 2023
| url = https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/at-hiroshima-meet-joe-biden-asked-for-pm-modis-autograph-heres-why-4052866
| access-date = 22 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| last = Press Trust of India
| title = PM Modi releases Tamil classic 'Thirukkural' in Papua New Guinea language
| newspaper = Business Standard
| location = Port Moresby
| publisher =
| date = 22 May 2023
| url = https://www.business-standard.com/world-news/pm-modi-releases-tamil-classic-thirukkural-in-papua-new-guinea-language-123052200128_1.html
| access-date = 28 November 2023}}</ref>||
|-
|_row_count||[[Tirukkural translations into Tulu|Tulu]]||Sayeegeetha and A. Meenakshi ||Tirukkur̲aḷ – Translations into Tulu||[[Chennai]] ([[Central Institute of Classical Tamil|CICT]]) ||2023||Complete||ISBN: 978-81-19249-38-1 ||
|-
|rowspan="4" |_row_count ||rowspan="4"|[[Tirukkural translations into Urdu|Urdu]]||Hasarat Surawathi||Kural in Urdu||New Delhi ([[Sahitya Akademi]])||1966||Prose||Translated from an English translation.||
|-
|Muhamad Yusuf Kohan||Kural in Urdu and Arabic||[[Madras]]||1976|| || ||
|-
|Mukhtar Badri||Lafz lafz gohar||[[Chennai]] (Nazir Book Depot)||2001||Verse||Translated from the Tamil original.||
|-
| M. B. Amanulla|| Tirukkur̲aḷ – Translations into Urdu||Chennai ([[Central Institute of Classical Tamil|CICT]])||2022||Complete||467 pages; ISBN: 978-93-81744-66-6 ||
|-
|rowspan="2" |_row_count||rowspan="2"|[[Tirukkural translations into Vaagri Booli|Vaagri Booli]]||Kittu Sironmani|| || || || ||{{sfn|''The Hindu'', 25 March 2013}}||
|-
| G. Srinivasa Varma|| Tirukkur̲aḷ – Translations into Vagri Booli||Chennai ([[Central Institute of Classical Tamil|CICT]])||2022||Complete||390 pages; ISBN: 978-93-81744-77-2 ||
|}
</nowiki>}}

==Table of available translations==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 90%"
|-
!S. No.!!Language!!Year of first translation!!No. of translations available (as of 2024)<ref name="ValaiTamilPub">{{cite book|author=Sa. Parthasarathy, N. V. Ashraf Kunhunu, C. Rajendiran, Elangovan Thangavelu, Senthilselvan Duraisamy, & Ajey Kumar Selvan|title=Thirukkural Translations in World Languages|url= |year=2023|publisher=ValaiTamil Publications|location= Chennai|isbn=}}</ref>{{Rp|pp=19–20}}!! No. of complete translations available (as of 2021)
|-
|1.||[[Arabic language|Arabic]]||1976||6||5
|-
|2.||[[Armenian language|Armenian]]||1978||1||1
|-
|3.||[[Assamese language|Assamese]]||2012||2||2
|-
|4.||[[Awadhi language|Awadhi]]||2023||1||1
|-
|5.||[[Badaga language|Badaga]]||2022||1||1
|-
|6.||[[Bengali language|Bengali]]||1939||5||4
|-
|7.||[[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]||2023||1||1
|-
|8.||[[Bodo language|Bodo]]||2023||1||1
|-
|9.||[[Burmese language|Burmese]]||1964||2||2
|-
|10.||[[Chinese language|Chinese]]||1967||3||2
|-
|11.||[[Creole language|Creole]]||2007||3||1
|-
|12.||[[Czech language|Czech]]||1952||1||0
|-
|13.||[[Danish language|Danish]]||2021||2||2
|-
|14.||[[Dogri language|Dogri]]|| ||1||
|-
|15.||[[Dutch language|Dutch]]||1964||1||0
|-
|16.||[[English language|English]]||1794||143||32
|-
|17.||[[Fijian language|Fijian]]||1964||2||
|-
|18.||[[Finnish language|Finnish]]||1972||2||0
|-
|19.||[[French language|French]]||1767||19||
|-
|20.||[[Garo language|Garo]]||2000||1||
|-
|21.||[[German language|German]]||1803||8||
|-
|22.||[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]||1931||3||1
|-
|23.||[[Hindi]]||1924||21||
|-
|24.||[[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]|| ||3||1
|-
|25.||[[Irish language|Irish]]|| ||1||
|-
|26.||[[Italian language|Italian]]||1985||1||1
|-
|27.||[[Japanese language|Japanese]]||1981||2||
|-
|28.||[[Kannada]]||1940||9||
|-
|29.||[[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]|| ||1||
|-
|30.||[[Khmer language|Khmer]]|| ||1||
|-
|31.||[[Kodava language|Kodava]]|| ||1||
|-
|32.||[[Konkani language|Konkani]]||2002||3||1
|-
|33.||[[Korean language|Korean]]||1981 ||2||1
|-
|34.||[[Koraga language|Koraga]]|| ||1||
|-
|35.||[[Latin]]||1730||5||1
|-
|36.||[[Malay language|Malay]]||1964||6||
|-
|37.||[[Malayalam]]||1595||24||
|-
|38.||[[Marathi language|Marathi]]||1930||3||2
|-
|39.||[[Maithili language|Maithili]]||2017||1||1
|-
|40.||[[Meitei language|Meitei]]||2012||1||1
|-
|41.||[[Nepali language|Nepali]]|| ||1||
|-
|42.||[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]||2017||1||1
|-
|43.||[[Odia language|Odia]]||1978||7||5
|-
|44.||[[Polish language|Polish]]||1958||2||
|-
|45.||[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]||1983||2||
|-
|46.||[[Persian language|Persian]]|| ||1||
|-
|47.||[[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]]||1982||1||
|-
|48.||[[Russian language|Russian]]||1963||5||2
|-
|49.||[[Sanskrit]]||1922||10||
|-
|50.||[[Santali language|Santali]]|| ||1||0
|-
|51.||[[Saurashtra language|Saurashtra]]||1980||2||1
|-
|52.||[[Sinhalese language|Sinhalese]]||1961||2||
|-
|53.||[[Spanish language|Spanish]]|| ||1||
|-
|54.||[[Swedish language|Swedish]]||1971||1||
|-
|55.||[[Telugu language|Telugu]]||1877||19||
|-
|56.||[[Thai language|Thai]]||2019||1||1
|-
|57.||[[Tok Pisin]]||2023||1||
|-
|58.||[[Tulu language|Tulu]]|| ||1||
|-
|59.||[[Urdu]]||1965||4||
|-
|60.||[[Vaagri Booli language|Vaagri Booli]]|| ||2||
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Literature|Poetry}}
* [[Tirukkural translations into English]]
* [[List of translators]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book | last = Sanjeevi | first = N | title = ''Marathi Translation of Tirukkural. In:'' First All India Tirukkural Seminar Papers | publisher = University of Madras | edition = 2nd | date = 1973 | location = Chennai | pages = 50–55 |ref={{sfnRef|Sanjeevi, 1973}} }}
* {{cite book |author= M. G. Kovaimani and P. V. Nagarajan |title= திருக்குறள் ஆய்வுமாலை [Tirukkural Research Papers] |year= 2013 |edition= 1|publisher=Tamil University | location= Tanjavur |language=ta|isbn = 978-81-7090-435-9 |ref={{sfnRef|Kovaimani and Nagarajan, 2013}}}}
* {{cite news | title = Thirukkural now in Arabic | newspaper =The Hindu| location = Chennai | date = 25 March 2013 | url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/thirukkural-now-in-arabic/article4545807.ece | access-date = 18 November 2017|ref={{sfnRef|''The Hindu'', 25 March 2013}}}}
* {{cite book |author=Pattu M. Bhoopathi |title=Thus Blossoms Love: A transcreation of Kamattupal in modern verse |url= |year=2019 |publisher=Sandhya Publications |location=Chennai|isbn=978-93-87499-85-0 |ref={{sfnRef|Bhoopathi, 2019}} }}
* {{cite book | last1 = Tamilselvan | first1 = R. | last2 = Manimala | first2 = J. | last3 = Murali | first3 = M. | last4 = Mathan | first4 = V. P. S. | last5 = Amirtharaj | first5 = T. Vijay | title = உலக மொழிகளில் திருக்குறள் மொழிபெயர்ப்புகள் [Tirukkural translations in world languages] | publisher = Kaavya | edition = 1st | date = 2017 | location = Chennai | pages = |isbn=978-93-86576-35-4 |ref={{sfnRef|Tamilselvan et al., 2017}} }}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite news | last = Srikkanth | first = D. | title = Translations to bring Tirukkural closer to foreign readers | newspaper = The Times of India | location = Chennai | date = 5 August 2021 | url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/translations-to-bring-tirukkural-closer-to-foreign-readers/articleshow/85065649.cms | access-date = 21 November 2021}}
* {{cite book | last1 = Parthasarathy | first1 = Sa. | last2 = Ashraf | first2 = N. V. K.| last3 = Rajendiran | first3 = C. | last4 = Thangavelu | first4 = Elangovan | last5 = Duraisamy | first5 = Senthilselvan | last6 = Selvan | first6 = Ajey Kumar | author-link = | title = Thirukkural Translations in World Languages | publisher = ValaiTamil Publication | series = | volume = | edition = 1 | date = 2024 | location = Chennai | pages = | language = | url = https://www.eStore.ValaiTamil.com | doi = | isbn = 978-81-975093-4-6}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.valaitamil.com/thirukkural.php Tirukkural in Tamil and English—Valaitamil.com]
* [http://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0153.pdf G. U. Pope's English Translation of the Tirukkural]
* https://www.facebook.com/Tirukkural.in.6.languages/

{{Tirukkural}}

[[Category:Tirukkural]]
[[Category:Translation-related lists]]
[[Category:Tirukkural translations by language| ]]

The Calcutta Chromosome

2026-01-15T06:14:25Z

DigitalKush: put up initial pg needs work

{{short description|1996 book by Amitav Ghosh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox book | 
| name = The Calcutta Chromosome
| title_orig =
| translator =
| image = The Calcutta Chromosome (First Edition).png
| caption = First edition
| author = [[Amitav Ghosh]]
| illustrator =
| cover_artist = Shamshad Husain
| country = [[India]]
| language = English
| series =
| genre = [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]], [[speculative fiction]]
| publisher = Ravi Dayal
| release_date = 1996
| english_release_date =
| media_type = Print ([[Hardcover|Hardback]], later [[Paperback]])
| pages = 256
| isbn = 81-7530-005-1
| oclc= 35759000
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
}}

'''''The Calcutta Chromosome''''' is a 1996<ref>{{cite book |last=Ghosh |first=Amitav |author-link= |date=1996 |title=The Calcutta Chromosome |url= |location=London |publisher=Picador |page=iv |isbn=0-330-34758-6}}</ref> [[English language|English-language]] [[novel]] by [[India]]n author [[Amitav Ghosh]]. The book, set in [[Calcutta]] and [[New York City]] at some unspecified time in the future, is a medical [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]] that dramatizes the adventures of people who are brought together by a mysterious turn of events. The book is loosely based on the life and times of [[Ronald Ross|Sir Ronald Ross]], the [[Nobel Prize]]–winning scientist who achieved a breakthrough in [[malaria]] research in 1898.<ref>{{cite journal|date=July 2003|title=A Social Science Fiction of Fevers, Delirium and Discovery: "The Calcutta Chromosome", the Colonial Laboratory, and the Postcolonial New Human|journal=Science Fiction Studies|volume=30|issue=2|pages=246–266|jstor=4241172|author=Diane M. Nelson|doi=10.1525/sfs.30.2.0246 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Ghosh|first=Amitav|title=The Calcutta Chromosome : a Novel of Fevers, Delirium, and Discovery|publisher=Penguin Books|location=Delhi|isbn=9780143066552|year=2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Tiwari|first=Shubha|title=Amitav Ghosh: A Critical Study|year=2003|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788126902996|pages=51–65}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=History, Narrative, and Testimony in Amitav Ghosh's Fiction|publisher=SUNY Press|location=Albany|isbn=9781438441825|pages=191–204|author=Ruby S. Ramraj|editor=Chitra Sankaran|chapter=The Calcutta Chromosome : a Novel of Fevers, Delirium, and Discovery|year=2012}}</ref> The novel was the recipient of the [[Arthur C. Clarke Award]] in 1997.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Goyal|first=Kritika|title=The Calcutta Chromosome|journal=Annals of Neurosciences|volume=20|issue=1|pages=36|doi=10.5214/ans.0972.7531.200112|year=2013|pmc=4117097}}</ref>

Ghosh employs a factual background for the invented events in the novel, drawing upon Ross's ''Memoirs'' which were published in 1923.

==Plot summary==
The novel begins with the story of Antar, a resident of the future New York doing data processing for the International Water Council. A chance bit of data causes Antar to recall a bizarre encounter he had with L. Murugan, an employee of the LifeWatch organization (Antar's former employer), who disappeared in Calcutta in 1995. Murugan had asked to be transferred to Calcutta because of his fascination with the life of [[Ronald Ross|Sir Ronald Ross]]. While Antar tries to track Murugan’s movements in Calcutta through the digitized archives, another narrative thread follows Murugan directly as his path brings him into contact with a variety of other characters, some more savory than others. The plot is quite complex and its timelines are deliberately mixed up, switching from Antar's time to Murugan's to Ross's and back over the course of as many chapters.

Through his research into old and lost documents and phone messages, Antar determines that Murugan had systematically unearthed a deep secret lurking behind Ross's malaria research — an underground scientific and mystical movement that could grant eternal life. Loosely described, the process of securing this form of immortality is as follows: the disciples of this movement can transfer their chromosomes into another's body, and gradually become that person or take over that person. In the novel, Ronald Ross did not discover the mysteries of the malaria parasite; it was a group of underground practitioners of a different, mystical "science," natives of India, who helped to guide Ross to the conclusions for which he is famous. These native Indians provided Ross with clues in the belief that in the moment Ross made his discovery, the parasite would change its nature. At this point, a new variant of malaria would emerge and the group's research using the chromosome-transfer technique would advance even further.

==Themes==
Silence is a recurring theme in the novel, originating from the often-stated premise that to say something is to change it. Huttunen notes that the workings of the Indian scientific/mystical movement uncovered by Murugan "constitutes a counter-science to Western scientific discourse" (25).<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Huttunen |first1=Tuomas |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6rUIEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA24 |title=Seeking the Self – Encountering the Other: Diasporic Narrative and the Ethics of Representation |last2=Korkka |first2=Janne |date=2020-11-09 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-5275-6185-4 |pages=24–38 |language=en |chapter=The Calcutta Chromosome: The Ethics of Silence and Knowledge}}</ref> The tenets of the group contain aspects of the Hindu belief in the transmigration of souls as well as of contemporary scientific ideas about genetics and cloning (Huttunen 27). Its native Indian members operate through means kept secret from the more Westernized characters and from the reader, and their activities become progressively clearer as the novel continues until their plan is revealed to the reader. Huttunen explains that the methodology of this group is based on the ideas of [[Emmanuel Levinas]] about communication by way of silence. In Levinas's view, "the other exists outside the traditional ontology of Western philosophy which conceives of all being as objects that can be internalized by consciousness or grasped by adequate representation ... Consequently silence in this novel represents the kind of unattainable experience that transcends the level of language, or knowing" (30-31). It is this enigma that the novel leaves behind as an abiding theme. The reader is forced to keep thinking about it much after turning the last page. The mystery at the heart of the story is never completely resolved by the author, leaving much to the reader's understanding and interpretation.

==Characters==
*Antar - A man in the future who is about to retire. He is investigating the disappearance of Murugan.
*Murugan - He calls himself Morgan from time to time. He lives in the 1990s and is an authority on Sir Ronald Ross. Much of the novel is about his tracking the life of Ronald Ross.
*Ronald Ross - The Nobel Prize–winning scientist who found out that malaria is spread through mosquitoes. Much of his research is spoken about. He conducted his experiments on a man called 'Lutchman.' His tale is narrated by Murugan.
*Lutchman - He once lived at Renupur station. His family and whole village had been wiped out by a strange epidemic. He was later picked up by Ross for his experiments and did everything for him. He claimed he was a 'dhooley bearer' or a cleaner. Later in the novel it is revealed that his name was actually 'Laakhan' and he changed his name at every village to sound like a local.
*Mangala - Cleaning woman at Doctor Cunningham's laboratory, but that's her disguise, she is in reality a Demi God who not only discovered the means of treating syphilis with the Malaria parasite but also found a form of asexual reproduction/reincarnation for humans which kept her and Lutchman alive forever.
*Sonali - A writer for Calcutta Magazine, a journalist, and actor who, it is suggested in the novel, transforms herself with the help of Mangala's "science"
*Urmila - A journalist for the same publication as Sonali, she is the one Mangala chooses for her transformation or reincarnation.
*Romen Haldar - Lutchman in his most recent reincarnation.

==Awards==
''The Calcutta Chromosome'' won the [[Arthur C. Clarke Award]] in 1997.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.amitavghosh.com/awards.html|title = Amitav Ghosh : Awards}}</ref>

==Sources==
*{{cite journal | last1 = Chambers | first1 = Claire | year = 2003 | title = Postcolonial Science Fiction: Amitav Ghosh's the Calcutta Chromosome | url = http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/88428/1/AG_JCL_Postcolonial_Sci_Fi_paper.doc| journal = The Journal of Commonwealth Literature | volume = 38 | pages = 57–72 | doi = 10.1177/0021989404381006 | s2cid = 161536669 }}
*{{Cite book|last=Huttunen|first=Tuomas|title=Seeking the Self – Encountering the Other: Diasporic Narrative and the Ethics of Representation|date=2020|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1-5275-6185-4|editor-last=Huttunen|editor-first=Tuomas|pages=24–38|language=en|chapter=''The Calcutta Chromosome'': The Ethics of Silence and Knowledge|editor-last2=Korkka|editor-first2=Janne|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6rUIEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA24}}
*[http://www.amitavghosh.com/chromosome.html Home page at amitavghosh.com]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite book|last=Banerjee|first=Suparno|title=Science Fiction, Imperialism and the Third World: Essays on Postcolonial Literature and Film|date=2014|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-5782-3|editor-last=Hoagland|editor-first=Ericka|pages=50–64|language=en|chapter=''The Calcutta Chromosome'': A Novel of Silence, Slippage and Subversion|editor-last2=Sarwal|editor-first2=Reema|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dEzQw_LW_U8C&pg=PA50}}
* Bhattacharya, Shayani (2014). [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZHPzAgAAQBAJ&dq=%22+The+Silence+of+the+Subaltern:+The+Rejection+of+History+and+Language+in+Amitav+Ghosh%27s+The+Calcutta+Chromosome.%22&pg=PR10 "The Silence of the Subaltern: The Rejection of History and Language in Amitav Ghosh's ''The Calcutta Chromosome''."] In Bernardo, Susan M. (ed). ''Environments in Science Fiction: Essays on Alternative Spaces.'' McFarland. pp. 137–153. ISBN 978-0-7864-7579-7
* {{Cite book|last=Goh|first=Robbie B. H.|title=Narrating Race: Asia, (Trans)Nationalism, Social Change|date=2011|publisher=Rodopi|isbn=978-94-012-0708-9|editor-last=Goh|editor-first=Robbie B. H.|pages=49–67|language=en|chapter=The Return of the Scientist: Essential Knowledge and Global Tribalism in Amitav Ghosh's ''The Hungry Tide'' and ''The Calcutta Chromosome''|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ww6XgU2dxZ0C&pg=PA49}}
*{{Cite book|last=Howell|first=Jessica|title=Malaria and Victorian Fictions of Empire|date=2019|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-48468-8|pages=166–195|language=en|chapter=Rewriting the Bite: ''The Calcutta Chromosome'', Mosquitoes, and Global Health Politics|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8h6DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA166}}
*{{Cite book|last=Lauder|first=Maureen|title=Detective Fiction in a Postcolonial and Transnational World|date=2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-15196-8|editor-last=Pearson|editor-first=Nels|pages=47–62|language=en|chapter=Postcolonial Epistemologies: Transcending Boundaries and Re-inscribing Difference in ''The Calcutta Chromosome''|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZQUGDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA47}}
* {{Cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Mitali|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iYUiEAAAQBAJ|title=The Calcutta Chromosome & The Hungry Tide|date=2020|publisher=Idea Publishing|language=en}}
* {{Cite book|last=Tiwari|first=Shubha|title=Amitav Ghosh: A Critical Study|date=2003|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-269-0299-6|pages=51–65|language=en|chapter=''The Calcutta Chromosome''|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2LDrlQ6cDCkC&pg=PA59}}

{{Amitav Ghosh}}
{{Arthur C. Clarke Award}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Calcutta Chromosome}}
[[Category:Indian thriller novels]]
[[Category:Indian speculative fiction novels]]
[[Category:Indian science fiction novels]]
[[Category:1995 Indian novels]]
[[Category:1995 science fiction novels]]
[[Category:Novels set in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Novels by Amitav Ghosh]]
[[Category:Indian English-language novels]]
[[Category:Novels about diseases and disorders]]
[[Category:Novels set in the future]]
[[Category:Novels set in New York City]]
[[Category:Science fantasy novels]]
[[Category:Novels based on actual events]]
[[Category:Novels set in the 1990s]]

Ghodighat

2026-01-05T04:47:47Z

DigitalKush: put up initial article first draft

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ghodighat
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.631245773866628|N|76.89285723469|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Dewas district|Dewas]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_party = BJP
| leader_title = MLA
| leader_name = Ashish Sharma
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 455336
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 07274
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#MP.E2.80.94Madhya Pradesh|MP]]-41
| blank_name_sec1 =
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-MP]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Ghodighat''' is a village and a [[Panchayati raj in India|Panchayat]] in [[Dewas district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Dulwa Village is a major agricultural production area in [[Madhya Pradesh]]. In the [[2011 Census of India]] its population was reported as 585.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ghodighat(474252) |website=2011 Census Data |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=531518|accessdate=9 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= village name and Language |website=Linguistic Survey of India|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2138/1/38109_2001_DEW.pdf|accessdate=9 February 2022}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Dewas district]]

{{Dewas-geo-stub}}

2012 Indian Premier League final

2025-11-30T13:41:50Z

DigitalKush: made basic entry w/ infobox...

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2017}}
{{Infobox limited overs final
|title = 2012 Indian Premier League final
| image =
| imagesize = 200px
| event = [[2012 Indian Premier League]]
| team1 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| team1score = 190/3
| team1overs = (20 overs)
| team2score = 192/5
| team2overs = (19.4 overs)
| details = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] won by 5 wickets
| date = 27 May 2012
| stadium = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]]
| city = [[Chennai]]
| man_of_the_match = [[Manvinder Bisla]] (KKR)
| umpires = [[Billy Bowden]] (NZ) [[Simon Taufel]] (Aus)
| attendance = 48,955
| television =
| previous = [[2011 Indian Premier League final|2011]]
| next = [[2013 Indian Premier League final|2013]]
}}

The '''2012 Indian Premier League final''' was a [[Day/night cricket|day/night]] [[Twenty20]] [[cricket]] match on 27 May 2012 at the [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]], which was played between [[Chennai Super Kings]] and [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] to determine the winner of the [[2012 Indian Premier League|2012 season]] of the [[Indian Premier League]], an annual Twenty20 cricket tournament in [[India]].

[[Kolkata Knight Riders]] opted to bowl first as they won the toss and [[Chennai Super Kings]] set up a big total of 190/3 off 20 overs for them. [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] chased the total successfully with 2-balls to spare losing 5 wickets in the process and secured the [[2012 Indian Premier League]] trophy, which happens to be their maiden title in the history of the tournament.<ref>{{cite web|title=Match Summary|url=https://www.iplt20.com/match/2012/76?tab=scorecard|publisher=iplt20|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref>

[[Manvinder Bisla]] of [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] was declared the "man of the match" in the Final, [[Sunil Narine]] of [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] was declared the most valuable player of the tournament and [[Mandeep Singh]] of [[Kings XI Punjab]] was declared as the emerging player of the season for the [[2012 Indian Premier League]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Match Summary|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/game/548381/Kolkata-Knight-Riders-vs-Chennai-Super-Kings-Final-indian-premier-league|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref>

==Road to the final==
{{main|2012 Indian Premier League|Chennai Super Kings in 2012|Kolkata Knight Riders in 2012}}

===League stage===
{{update|section|date=November 2017}}

{{stack begin|float=left}}
{{#invoke: IndianPremierLeagueProgression|create
| caption = League progression
| teams = Chennai Super Kings, Kolkata Knight Riders
| knockoutType = 2
| matchesPerTeam = 16
| matchReportArticle = 2012 Indian Premier League

| L1, W6, L11, W13, L16, W24, W26, N34, L37, L41, W46, L49, W56, W59, W63, L66
| W74, W75, L76

| L2, L7, W10, W15, L17, W22, W29, N32, W38, W41, W47, W51, L58, L63, W65, W70
| W73, U, W76
}}
{{stack end}}{{clear}}

====League stage series====
{{update|section|date=November 2017}}
{{Cricket match summary | bg=#eee | date = 26 April | daynight = yes | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Chennai Super Kings]] | team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| score1 = 139/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 140/5 (19.2 overs)
| venue = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| scorecard = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/548347/chennai-super-kings-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-41st-match-ipl-2012/ Scorecard]
| round = Match 41
| result = [[2012 Indian Premier League#match41|Kolkata won by 5 wickets]]
}}
{{Cricket match summary | date = 11 May | daynight = yes | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Kolkata Knight Riders]] | team2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| score1 = 158/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 160/5 (20 overs)
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| scorecard = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/548368/kolkata-knight-riders-vs-chennai-super-kings-63rd-match-ipl-2012/ Scorecard]
| round = Match 63
| result = [[2012 Indian Premier League#match63|Chennai won by 5 wickets]]
}}

===Playoff stage===
{{Cricket match summary | bg=#eee | date = 21 May | daynight = yes | team1 = {{sp}}[[Kolkata Knight Riders]] | team2 = [[Delhi Capitals|Delhi Daredevils]]
| score1 = 162/4 (20 overs)
| score2 = 144/8 (20 overs)
| venue = [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Pune]]
| scorecard = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/game/548378/delhi-daredevils-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-1st-qualifying-match-indian-premier-league-2012]
| round = Qualifier 1
| result = [[2012 Indian Premier League#match41|Kolkata won by 18 runs]]
}}

==Match Summary==
The final between the defending two-time champions [[Chennai Super Kings]] and the first-time finalists [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] was held at the [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]] on 27 May 2012. While the Super Kings retained their team from the Qualifier, a hamstring injury to Knight Riders medium-pace bowler [[Lakshmipathy Balaji]] resulted the inclusion of Australian [[Brett Lee]] and this inclusion of another foreign player required the Knight Riders to leave out their former captain and wicket-keeper batsman [[Brendon McCullum]] of [[New Zealand]] to maintain the cap of 4 foreign players. Wicket-keeper batsman [[Manvinder Bisla]] was brought in to replace [[Brendon McCullum]].<ref>{{cite web|title=We did it for Balaji – Gambhir|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/content/current/story/566435.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 May 2012}}</ref>

After Knight Riders captain [[Gautam Gambhir]] won the toss and elected to bowl first, openers [[Murali Vijay]] and [[Mike Hussey]] put on an opening partnership of 87 until Vijay was dismissed for 42 (from 32 balls) in the 11th over. Mike Hussey was joined by IPL's leading run scorer [[Suresh Raina]] and they scored at a brisk rate to reach 160 when Hussey was dismissed in the eighteenth over for 54 (from 43 balls). [[Suresh Raina]] who had scored an imposing 73 (from 38 balls) with five [[six (cricket)|sixes]] was dismissed off the last ball as Chennai reached a formidable total of 190.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ravindran|first=Siddarth|title=Kolkata Knight Riders take title after Bisla blitz|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/content/current/story/566371.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 May 2012}}</ref> In reply, the Knight Riders lost their captain [[Gautam Gambhir]] cheaply for 2 in the first over. However, they recovered as [[Manvinder Bisla]] (89 from 48 balls) and [[Jacques Kallis]] (69 from 49 balls) added 136 for the second wicket. Soon after Bisla's dismissal in the 15th over, the Knight Riders lost wickets at regular intervals and after Kallis was caught out by [[Ravindra Jadeja]] off the bowling of [[Ben Hilfenhaus]] at 18.5 overs, the Knight Riders required 16 runs from the last 7 balls. [[Shakib Al Hasan]] appeared to have been caught by [[Murali Vijay]] off the very next delivery from Hilfenhaus but it happened to be a [[no-ball]] and amid the celebrations, Shakib Al Hasan had completed two runs and retained the strike and hit a [[four (cricket)|four]] the very next ball. Needing 9 runs to win from the last over, [[Manoj Tiwary (cricketer)|Manoj Tiwary]] hit consecutive [[four (cricket)|fours]] to secure victory for the Knight Riders.<ref>{{cite web|title= Match commentary|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/match/548381.html?innings=2;page=1;view=commentary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 May 2012}}</ref> Manvinder Bisla was declared Man of the Match for his 89 from 48 balls which included five sixes and eight fours.


==Scorecard==
* '''On-field [[umpire (cricket)|umpires]]''': [[Billy Bowden]] (NZ), [[Simon Taufel]] (Aus)
* '''[[Third umpire]]''': [[Billy Doctrove]] (WI)
* '''[[Fourth umpire|Reserve umpire]]''': [[Krishnamachari Srinivasan]] (IND)
* '''[[Match referee]]''': [[Ranjan Madugalle]] (SL)
* '''[[Toss (cricket)|Toss]]''': Chennai Super Kings voted to bat first
* '''Result''': Kolkata Knight Riders won by five wickets
* '''League impact''': Kolkata Knight Riders won at the 2012 Indian Premier League

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="border: gray solid 1px; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: center; width: 60%;" class=wikitable
|+ [[Chennai Super Kings]] batting innings
|-
! [[Batsman]]
! [[Dismissal (cricket)|Method of dismissal]]
! [[Run (cricket)|Runs]]
! [[Delivery (cricket)|Balls]]
! [[Boundary (cricket)|4s]]
! [[Boundary (cricket)|6s]]
! [[Strike rate#Batting strike rate|Strike rate]]
|-
| [[Mike Hussey]] || b Kallis || 54 || 43 || 4 || 2 || 125.58
|-
| [[Murali Vijay]] || c Shakib Al Hasan b Bhatia || 42 || 32 || 4 || 1 || 131.25
|-
| [[Suresh Raina]] || c Lee b Shakib Al Hasan || 73 || 38 || 3 || 5 || 192.10
|-
| [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni|MS Dhoni]] *{{dagger}} || not out || 14 || 9 || 2 || 0 || 155.55
|-
| [[Dwayne Bravo]] || did not bat || – || – || – || – || –
|-
| [[Ravindra Jadeja]] || did not bat || – || – || – || – || –
|-
| [[Albie Morkel]] || did not bat || – || – || – || – || –
|-
| [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] || did not bat || – || – || – || – || –
|-
| [[Ben Hilfenhaus]] || did not bat || – || – || – || – || –
|-
| [[Shadab Jakati]] || did not bat || – || – || – || – || –
|-
| [[Subramaniam Badrinath]] || did not bat || – || – || – || – || –
|-
| Extras || (lb 3, nb 2, wd 2) || 7 || colspan="4" |
|-
| '''Total''' || (20 overs) || '''190/3''' || colspan="4" |'''RR: 9.50'''
|}

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="border: gray solid 1px; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: center; width: 60%;" class=wikitable
|+ [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] bowling
|-
! width="25%" | [[Bowler (cricket)|Bowler]]
! [[Over (cricket)|Overs]]
! [[Over (cricket)|Maidens]]
! [[Run (cricket)|Runs]]
! [[Wicket]]s
! [[Economy rate (cricket)|Economy]]
! [[Glossary of cricket terms|0]]s
! [[Boundary (cricket)|4]]s
! [[Boundary (cricket)|6]]s
! [[Wide (cricket)|WD]]
! [[No-ball|NB]]
|-
|| [[Brett Lee]] || 4 || 0 || 42 || 0 || 10.50 || 9 || 3 || 3 || 0 || 1
|-
|| [[Shakib Al Hasan]] || 3 || 0 || 25 || 1 || 8.33 || 5 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 0
|-
|| [[Sunil Narine]] || 4 || 0 || 37 || 0 || 9.25 || 5 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0
|-
|| [[Iqbal Abdulla]] || 1 || 0 || 9 || 0 || 9.00 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
|| [[Jacques Kallis]] || 4 || 0 || 34 || 1 || 8.50 || 7 || 3 || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
|| [[Rajat Bhatia]] || 3 || 0 || 23 || 1 || 7.66 || 5 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
|| [[Yusuf Pathan]] || 1 || 0 || 17 || 0 || 17.00 || 0 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0
|}

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="border: gray solid 1px; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: center; width: 60%;" class=wikitable
|+ [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] batting innings
|-
! [[Batsman]]
! [[Dismissal (cricket)|Method of dismissal]]
! [[Run (cricket)|Runs]]
! [[Delivery (cricket)|Balls]]
! [[Boundary (cricket)|4s]]
! [[Boundary (cricket)|6s]]
! [[Strike rate#Batting strike rate|Strike rate]]
|-
| [[Manvinder Bisla]] {{dagger}} || c Badrinath b Morkel || 89 || 48 || 8 || 5 || 185.41
|-
| [[Gautam Gambhir]] * || b Hilfenhaus || 2 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 50.00
|-
| [[Jacques Kallis]] || c Jadeja b Hilfenhaus || 69 || 49 || 7 || 1 || 140.81
|-
| [[Laxmi Ratan Shukla|LR Shukla]] || c Hussey b Bravo|| 3 || 6 || 0 || 0 || 50.00
|-
| [[Yusuf Pathan]] || c Badrinath b Ashwin || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 50.00
|-
| [[Shakib Al Hasan]] || not out || 11 || 7 || 1 || 0 || 157.14
|-
| [[Manoj Tiwary (cricketer)|Manoj Tiwary]] || not out || 9 || 3 || 2 || 0 || 300.00
|-
| [[Rajat Bhatia]] || did not bat || – || – || – || – || –
|-
| [[Iqbal Abdulla]] || did not bat || – || – || – || – || –
|-
| [[Sunil Narine]] || did not bat || – || – || – || – || –
|-
| [[Brett Lee]] || did not bat || – || – || – || – || –
|-
| Extras || (lb 1, nb 1, wd 6) || 8 || colspan="4" |
|-
| '''Totals''' || (19.4 overs) || '''192/5''' || colspan="4" |'''RR: 9.76'''
|}

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="border: gray solid 1px; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: center; width: 60%;" class=wikitable
|+ [[Chennai Super Kings]] bowling
|-
! width="25%" | [[Bowler (cricket)|Bowler]]
! [[Over (cricket)|Overs]]
! [[Over (cricket)|Maidens]]
! [[Run (cricket)|Runs]]
! [[Wicket]]s
! [[Economy rate (cricket)|Economy]]
! [[Glossary of cricket terms|0]]s
! [[Boundary (cricket)|4s]]
! [[Boundary (cricket)|6s]]
! [[Wide (cricket)|WD]]
! [[No-ball|NB]]
|-
|| [[Ben Hilfenhaus]] || 4 || 0 || 25 || 2 || 6.25 || 11 || 2 || 0 || 1 || 1
|-
|| [[Albie Morkel]] || 4 || 0 || 38 || 1 || 9.50 || 5 || 5 || 0 || 2 || 0
|-
|| [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] || 4 || 0 || 41 || 1 || 10.25 || 6 || 1 || 3 || 0 || 0
|-
|| [[Dwayne Bravo]] || 3.4 || 0 || 49 || 1 || 13.36 || 3 || 4 || 3 || 2 || 0
|-
|| [[Shadab Jakati]] || 4 || 0 || 38 || 0 || 9.50 || 5 || 6 || 0 || 0 || 0
|}

'''Source''' : <div style="font-size:75%">[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2012-520932/chennai-super-kings-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-final-548381/full-scorecard Full scorecard on ESPNcricinfo]</div>

'''Key'''
* <nowiki>*</nowiki> – [[Captain (cricket)|Captain]]
* {{dagger}} – [[Wicket-keeper]]
* c ''Fielder'' – the [[Batting (cricket)|batsman]] was dismissed by a catch by the named [[Fielding (cricket)|fielder]]
* b ''Bowler'' – the [[Bowling (cricket)|bowler]] who gains credit for the dismissal
* lbw – the batsman was dismissed [[leg before wicket]]
* Total runs are in the format: ''score/wickets''
* b  – ''[[Bye (cricket)|Bye]]'', lb  – ''[[Leg bye]]'', nb  – ''[[No-ball]]'', wd  – ''[[Wide (cricket)|Wide]]'', RR  – ''[[Run rate]]''

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian Premier League}}

[[Category:2012 in Indian cricket|Indian Premier League final]]
[[Category:May 2012 sports events in India|Indian Premier League final]]
[[Category:Indian Premier League finals]]

Deepa Sahi

2025-11-25T05:51:21Z

DigitalKush: put up the data basic info

{{Short description|Indian actress and producer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Deepa Sahi
| image = Deepa Sahi.jpg
| caption = Sahi at the launch of Maya Studio
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 30 November 1962
| birth_place = [[Dehradun]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]]
| occupation = actress, Producer, director, script and story writer
| death_date =
| death_place =
| years_active = 1984–present
| spouse = [[Ketan Mehta]]
| website =
}}

'''Deepa Sahi''' is an Indian actress and producer, best known for her role as Maya in the 1993 movie ''[[Maya Memsaab]]'', opposite actor [[Farooq Sheikh]]. She made her directorial debut with the movie ''[[Tere Mere Phere]]'' in 2011.<ref name=HT>{{cite news |title=Sense of humour is important in a marriage |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/sense-of-humour-is-important-in-a-marriage/article1-659542.aspx |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=7 February 2011 |access-date=9 December 2014 |archive-date=16 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216143001/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/sense-of-humour-is-important-in-a-marriage/article1-659542.aspx |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Early and personal life==
[[File:Deepa Sahi at Esha Deol's sangeet ceremony 02.jpg|thumb|Sahi at Esha Deol's sangeet ceremony]]
Deepa Sahi, an ethnic [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]],<ref>HT Correspondent (12 December 2006), [https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/history-will-pour-out-of-every-brick-of-gobindgarh-fort-says-deepa-sahi/story-TTW0vORagnwy6JreGa0VBM.html "History will pour out of every brick of Gobindgarh Fort, says Deepa Sahi"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630105012/https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/history-will-pour-out-of-every-brick-of-gobindgarh-fort-says-deepa-sahi/story-TTW0vORagnwy6JreGa0VBM.html |date=30 June 2018 }}, ''Hindustan Times''. Retrieved 20 January 2019.</ref> was born in [[Dehradun]] in an Army background and is the youngest sibling in her family. She grew up in [[Meerut]].<ref name=Hindu>{{cite news |title=Maya in control! |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/maya-in-control/article2437344.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=9 September 2011 |access-date=9 December 2014 |archive-date=21 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221152357/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/maya-in-control/article2437344.ece |url-status=live}}</ref>
Her family later shifted to [[Canada]], but she continued to stay in [[India]]. She had an elder sister who died at the age of 18.<ref name=Hindu/> Sahi pursued her education at [[Indraprastha College for Women]],<ref>{{cite news |title=DU has a lot on its ladies special platter |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/du-has-a-lot-on-its-ladies-special-platter-49223-2009-06-02 |newspaper=[[India Today]] |date=3 June 2009 |access-date=9 December 2014 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222081809/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/DU+has+a+lot+on+its+ladies+special+platter/1/44882.html |url-status=live}}</ref> and was a gold medalist in Sociology from [[Delhi School of Economics]].<ref name=times>{{cite news |title=Ketan Mehta: I must be the craziest man Deepa has met in her life |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Ketan-Mehta-I-must-be-the-craziest-man-Deepa-has-met-in-her-life/articleshow/44948638.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=28 October 2014 |access-date=24 December 2014 |archive-date=30 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030053034/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Ketan-Mehta-I-must-be-the-craziest-man-Deepa-has-met-in-her-life/articleshow/44948638.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=wff>{{cite news |title=DEEPA SAHI |url=http://whistlerfilmfestival.com/29-speakers/148-deepa-sahi |newspaper=[[Whistler Film Festival]] |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222101136/http://whistlerfilmfestival.com/29-speakers/148-deepa-sahi |archivedate=22 December 2015 }}</ref> Sahi later joined the [[National School of Drama|NSD]] with the aim of becoming a director.<ref name=toi>{{cite news |title=I am too restless to be an actress: Deepa Sahi |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/I-am-too-restless-to-be-an-actress-Deepa-Sahi/articleshow/9832835.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=2 September 2011 |access-date=9 December 2014 |archive-date=12 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012043230/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/I-am-too-restless-to-be-an-actress-Deepa-Sahi/articleshow/9832835.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
However, she started receiving acting offers from her NSD days, which prompted her to shift to acting. Sahi decided to direct her first film in the early days of her career but the film, ''Nana Karte Pyaar'' which was supposed to star [[Nana Patekar]] and [[Hema Malini]] failed to take off due to a recession.<ref>{{cite news |title=No Rules, Make What You Want |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/article227588.ece |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=2 October 2011 |access-date=9 December 2014 |archive-date=23 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223185441/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/article227588.ece |url-status=dead}}</ref>
She is married to film director [[Ketan Mehta]], who is the nephew of freedom fighter [[Usha Mehta]].<ref name=HT/> It is the second marriage for both of them.<ref name=times/> Her cousins Meena and Tana are theatre actresses active in Delhi's theatre circuit.

==Early career==
An alumnus of NSD, [[Delhi]], Sahi started off with a theater career, with strong social activism a core value of the productions she was involved with.

In her early film career she collaborated with noted auteur [[Govind Nihalani]] and made her debut with the 1984 film ''[[Party (1984 film)|Party]]''.<ref name=DNA>{{cite news |title=I'm too restless to act: Actress-producer Deepa Sahi |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-i-m-too-restless-to-act-actress-producer-deepa-sahi-1592550 |newspaper=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=28 September 2011 |access-date=9 December 2014 |archive-date=14 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214063822/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-i-m-too-restless-to-act-actress-producer-deepa-sahi-1592550 |url-status=live}}</ref>
This was well received, and she subsequently acted in ''[[Aghaat]]'' (1985). Her thespian achievement, however, will always remain her role as the independent-minded and empowered lower-caste Punjabi woman she played in the highly acclaimed [[television film]] ''[[Tamas (film)|Tamas]]'' (1986).<ref name=Hindu/>

===Commercial cinema===
After marrying film director Ketan Mehta, she acted in several of his films including ''[[Hero Hiralal]]'' (1988), ''[[Maya Memsaab]]'' (1992) and ''[[Oh Darling! Yeh Hai India!]]'' (1995).<ref name=Hindu/> She wrote the screenplay for ''[[Oh Darling! Yeh Hai India!]]''. ''[[Maya Memsaab]]'' was controversial for featuring an explicit sex scene between Sahi and then upcoming actor [[Shah Rukh Khan]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.scoopwhoop.com/18-Bollywood-Controversies-From-The-Past-Now-Forgotten/ |title=18 Bollywood Controversies from the Past That Were a Big Deal Back then but Are Now Forgotten |date=4 February 2016 |access-date=19 June 2020 |archive-date=4 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604230553/http://www.scoopwhoop.com/18-Bollywood-Controversies-From-The-Past-Now-Forgotten |url-status=live}}</ref> Her other notable films include ''[[Hum (film)|Hum]]'' (1991),<ref name=Hindu/> ''[[Trinetra]]'' (1991) and ''[[Ek Doctor Ki Maut]]'' (1991).

Her last film appearances was in her husband's film ''[[Aar Ya Paar]]'' (1998)<ref name=ndtv>{{cite news |title=Rare sighting: Maya Memsaab Deepa Sahi |url=http://www.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/blast-from-kim-kardashian-s-past-8949/slide/25 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |access-date=9 December 2014 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012013708/https://movies.ndtv.com/photos/now-there-s-a-face-we-haven-t-seen-in-a-while-8949 |url-status=live}}</ref> She got a [[Filmfare]] best supporting actress nomination for ''Hum'' and National Award (Jury) for ''Maya Memsaab''.<ref name=ndtv/>

In 2015, she returned to acting after 18 years appearing in her husband's film ''[[Manjhi – The Mountain Man]]'' in a cameo role as [[Indira Gandhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Deepa-Sahi-returns-to-the-screen-as-Indira-Gandhi/articleshow/48261506.cms |title=Deepa Sahi returns to the screen as Indira Gandhi - Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=29 July 2015 |access-date=19 June 2020 |archive-date=13 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313120200/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Deepa-Sahi-returns-to-the-screen-as-Indira-Gandhi/articleshow/48261506.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Production career===

She became a producer in 1993. She has produced seven films to date:
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
|-
|1993
|''[[Maya Memsaab]]''
|-
|1995
|''[[Oh Darling! Yeh Hai India!|O Darling Yeh Hai India]]''
|-
|1997
|''[[Aar Ya Paar]]''
|-
|2003
|''[[Rules: Pyaar Ka Superhit Formula|Rules: Pyaar Ka Super Hit Formula]]''
|-
|
|''[[Mangal Pandey]]'' (co-producer)
|-
|2014
|''[[Rang Rasiya]]''
|-
|2015
|''[[Manjhi – The Mountain Man|Manjhi - The Mountain Man]]''
|}

Besides this, she has produced 12 TV series and is promoter of Maya Entertainment Pvt. Ltd. one of India's leading animation studios.<ref name=toi/> She was the CEO of [[Maya Entertainment]] from 2000 to 2002 and was responsible for the long-term strategy of the company; she made many entries into other animation avenues such as MAAC, etc. After her stint as the CEO of Maya Entertainment, she returned to her first love cinema. She made her directorial debut with the 2011 film ''[[Tere Mere Phere]]''. Together with Ketan Mehta, she co-founded an animation company, Cosmos-Maya.

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
! Notes
|-
|1984
|''[[Party (1984 film)|Party]]''
|Sona Rane
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|1985
|''[[Aghaat]]''
|Chotelal's wife
|
|-
|''[[Aar Paar (1985 film)|Aar Paar]]''
|
|
|-
|1986
|''[[Tamas (film)|Tamas]]''
|Karmo
|
|-
|1988
|''[[Hero Hiralal]]''
| Rani Sitara Devi
|
|-
|1990
|''[[Dushman (1990 film)|Dushman]]''
|Geeta
|
|-
|rowspan="3"|1991
|''[[Trinetra]]''
|Seema
|
|-
|''[[Ek Doctor Ki Maut]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Hum (film)|Hum]]''
| Aarti Malhotra
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|1992
|''Siasat''
|
|
|-
|''[[Maya Memsaab]]''
|Maya Das
|
|-
|1993
|''[[Bhookamp]]''
|Mrs. Pooja Satyajeet Anand
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1995
|''[[Oh Darling! Yeh Hai India!]]''
| Miss India
|As screenwriter
|-
|''[[Daughters of This Century]]''
|Champia
|
|-
|1997
|''[[Aar Ya Paar]]''
| Anu Chauhan
|
|-
|2005
|''[[Mangal Pandey: The Rising]]''
|
|As a producer
|-
|2011
|''[[Tere Mere Phere]]''
|
|As the director
|-
|2015
|''[[Manjhi – The Mountain Man]]''
| [[Indira Gandhi]]
|
|-
|2018
|''[[Toba Tek Singh (film)|Toba Tek Singh]]''
|
|As a producer
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*{{IMDb name|0756313}}
*{{Bollywood Hungama person|deepa-sahi}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sahi, Deepa}}
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Punjabi women]]
[[Category:Indraprastha College for Women alumni]]
[[Category:National School of Drama alumni]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian women film producers]]
[[Category:Film producers from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian women screenwriters]]
[[Category:Indian women film directors]]
[[Category:Hindi film producers]]
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]
[[Category:Film directors from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Women artists from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Artists from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Actresses from Dehradun]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Writers from Dehradun]]
[[Category:Women writers from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Dehradun]]
[[Category:Businesswomen from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian businesswomen]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesswomen]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesspeople]]

Ramachandran Balasubramanian

2025-11-23T15:14:44Z

DigitalKush: quick cleaned up references after review and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Indian
mathematician (born 1951)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
[[File:The President, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam presenting Padma Shri to Prof. Ramachandran Balasubramanian, Director of Institute of Mathematical Science, at investiture ceremony in New Delhi on March 29, 2006.jpg|300px|thumb|The President, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam presenting Padma Shri to Prof. Ramachandran Balasubramanian, Director of Institute of Mathematical Science, at investiture ceremony in New Delhi on March 29, 2006]]
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Ramachandran Balasubramanian
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date |df=y|1951|3|15}}
| alma_mater = [[University of Bombay]]
| doctoral_advisor = [[K. Ramachandra]]
| doctoral_students = [[Sukumar Das Adhikari]]
| field = [[Analytic Number Theory|Mathematics]]
| work_institution = [[Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai|Institute of Mathematical Sciences]]
}}
'''Ramachandran Balasubramanian''' (born 15 March 1951) is an Indian [[mathematician]] and was Director of the [[Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai|Institute of Mathematical Sciences]] in [[Chennai, India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imsc.res.in/about/newpage.html |title=IMSc Brochure |access-date=2009-02-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090310004308/http://www.imsc.res.in/about/newpage.html |archive-date=10 March 2009 }}</ref> He is known for his work in [[number theory]], which includes settling the final g(4) case of [[Waring's problem]] in 1986.<ref>Balasubramanian, Ramachandran; [[Jean-Marc Deshouillers|Deshouillers, Jean-Marc]]; Dress, François, ''Problème de Waring pour les bicarrés. I. Schéma de la solution.'' (French. English summary) [Waring's problem for biquadrates. I. Sketch of the solution] Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série I 303 (1986), no. 4, pp. 85-88</ref><ref>Balasubramanian, Ramachandran; Deshouillers, Jean-Marc; Dress, François, ''Problème de Waring pour les bicarrés. II. Résultats auxiliaires pour le théorème asymptotique.'' (French. English summary) [Waring's problem for biquadrates. II. Auxiliary results for the asymptotic theorem] Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série I 303 (1986), no. 5, pp. 161-163</ref> He is also known for his work in [[Cryptography]] which includes his famous work with Koblitz, now commonly called the ''Balu-Koblitz Theorem''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Balasubramanian |first=R. |last2=Koblitz |first2=Neal |date=March 1998 |title=The Improbability That an Elliptic Curve Has Subexponential Discrete Log Problem under the Menezes—Okamoto—Vanstone Algorithm |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001459900040 |journal=Journal of Cryptology |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=141–145 |doi=10.1007/s001459900040 |issn=0933-2790}}</ref> His work in [[Arithmetic combinatorics|Additive Combinatorics]] includes his two page paper on additive complements of squares, hence disproving a long standing conjecture of [[Paul Erdős|Erdős]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Balasubramanian |first=R |date=1988-05-01 |title=On the additive completion of squares |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022314X88900893 |journal=Journal of Number Theory |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=10–12 |doi=10.1016/0022-314X(88)90089-3 |issn=0022-314X|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

His works on moments of Riemann zeta function is highly appreciated and he was a plenary speaker from India at ICM in 2010. He was a visiting scholar at the [[Institute for Advanced Study]] in 1980-81.<ref name="ias">{{cite web
|url = http://www.ias.edu/people/cos/users/rbalasubra01
|title = Community of Scholars Profile: Balasubramanian, R.
|publisher = [[Institute for Advanced Study]]
|access-date = 27 September 2012
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151125100012/https://www.ias.edu/people/cos/users/rbalasubra01
|archive-date = 25 November 2015
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref>

He was a student of [[Kanakanahalli Ramachandra|K. Ramachandra]], a lifelong collaborator of [[Jean-Marc Deshouillers]], and co-authored stellar mathematicians like [[M. Ram Murty|Ram Murty]], [[V. Kumar Murty|Kumar Murty]], [[Roger Heath-Brown|Heath-Brown]], [[Neal Koblitz|N. Koblitz]] and [[Florian Luca|F. Luca]]. He was the founder and remains a member of the advisory board of the [[Hardy-Ramanujan Journal]].

==Awards and honours==
He has received the following awards:
*The [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]] in 1990.
*The French government's [[Ordre National du Mérite]] for "furthering Indo-French cooperation in the field of mathematics" in 2003.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/36596631.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=French honour mathematician Balasubramanian | date=5 February 2003}}</ref>
*The [[Padma Shri Awards (2000-2009)#2006|Padma Shri]], the fourth highest civilian award in India, in 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/myindia/padmashri_awards_list1.php|title=India at a Glance|work=india.gov.in|access-date=4 March 2015}}</ref>
*Fellow of the [[American Mathematical Society]], 2012.<ref>[https://www.ams.org/profession/fellows-list List of Fellows of the American Mathematical Society], retrieved 2012-11-03.</ref>
*The [http://www.rediff.com/news/report/pm-honours-four-n-scientists-with-lifetime-achievement-awards/20130115.htm Lifetime Achievement Award, 2013] awarded by Manmohan Singh, the Prime Minister of India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/pm-honours-four-n-scientists-with-lifetime-achievement-awards/20130115.htm|title=PM honours 4 N-scientists with lifetime achievement awards|date=15 January 2013|work=rediff.com|access-date=4 March 2015}}</ref>
*Fellow of the [[Indian National Science Academy]] (1988)<ref name="Indian Fellow">{{cite web | url=http://www.insaindia.org.in/detail.php?id=N88-0985 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813010804/http://www.insaindia.org.in/detail.php?id=N88-0985 | url-status=usurped | archive-date=13 August 2016 | title=Indian Fellow | publisher=INSA | date=2016 | access-date=May 13, 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.imsc.res.in/~balu/ R. Balasubramian's homepage]
* [http://www.imsc.res.in/~balu/balucv.pdf His CV]

{{2000s Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}
{{SSBPST recipients in Mathematical Science}}
{{Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Laureates of Tamil Nadu}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Balasubramanian, Ramachandran}}
[[Category:20th-century Indian mathematicians]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Tata Institute of Fundamental Research alumni]]
[[Category:Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Mathematical Society]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Mathematical Science]]

Dr. Bhau Daji Lad Museum

2025-11-07T21:55:51Z

DigitalKush: Content updated and refined

{{Short description|Museum in Mumbai, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox museum
| name = Dr. Bhau Daji Lad Museum
| logo =
| image = Dr._Bhau_Daji_Lad_Museum,_esterno_01.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| caption = Front view of the Dr. Bhau Daji Lad Museum
| map_type = India Mumbai
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|18.979472|72.834806|display=inline}}
| former_name =
| established = {{start date and age|2 May 1872|df=yes}}
| dissolved =
| location = Veer Mata Jijabai Bhonsle Udyan, Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Marg, [[Byculla]] East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400027.
| type =
| visitors =
| founder = [[George Birdwood]] [[Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy]] [[Bhau Daji Lad]] [[Jagannath Shankarseth]] [[George Buist (journalist)]]
| director = Tasneem Zakaria Mehta
| curator =
| publictransit = {{rint|mumbai|suburban}} [[Byculla railway station|Byculla]]
| collection =
| website = {{URL|http://www.bdlmuseum.org}}
}}

The '''Dr. Bhau Daji Lad Museum''' is a [[museum]] dedicated to the [[history]], [[art]] and [[culture]], of [[Mumbai]], India. It is the oldest museum in the city. It is situated in the vicinity of the [[Byculla Zoo]], in the suburb of [[Byculla]] East.

It was originally established in 1855 as a treasure house of the decorative and industrial arts,<ref>{{cite news |last=Hoskote |first=Ranjit |date=7 September 2005 |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2005/09/07/stories/2005090703752000.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201041541/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2005/09/07/stories/2005090703752000.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=1 February 2008|title=Honour for a treasure trove of art |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=27 June 2009}}</ref> and was later renamed in 1975 in honour of [[Bhau Daji Lad|Dr. Bhau Daji Lad]].

==History==
[[File:His Excellency Sir H. B. E. Frere laying the chief corner-stone of the Victoria and Albert Museum, Bombay - ILN 1863.jpg|thumb|Sir [[Henry Bartle Frere]] laying the chief corner-stone of the museum, with Jagannath Shankarseth in 1862]]
India’s “art manufactures” were widely praised when shown at international exhibitions—starting with the [[Great Exhibition|Great Exhibition of 1851]] in London. Duplicates of the works from the former [[Bombay Presidency]] intended for display at international great exhibitions were put on public display in a new permanent space, named the ''Government Central Museum of Natural History, Economy, Geology, Industry and Arts''. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jaffer |first=Amin |date=8 July 2023 |title=The time when Mumbai received its first museum, over 160 years ago |url=https://www.architecturaldigest.in/story/the-time-when-mumbai-received-its-first-museum-over-160-years-ago-dr-bhau-daji-lad-museum-amin-jaffer/ |access-date=14 June 2025 |website=Architectural Digest India |language=en-IN}}</ref>

In 1848, the first museum committee was formed under the guidance of [[John Elphinstone, 13th Lord Elphinstone|John Elphinstone]] and the ''Central Museum of Natural History, Economy, Geology, Industry and Arts'', the first museum in [[Bombay]], was officially opened in 1856. [[George Buist (journalist)|George Buist]], the first curator of the museum, took the major initiative for its inception. In 1857, it was closed to the public and its collection was shifted to the Town Hall, now the [[Asiatic Society of Mumbai Town Hall|Asiatic Society Mumbai.]]

In 1858, [[George Birdwood]] was appointed curator of the museum. Soon, a committee was formed, comprising him, [[Bhau Daji|Bhau Daji Lad]] and [[Jaganath Shunkerseth]] to raise money for construction of a new building for the museum. The foundation of the new building was laid in 1862. It was built with the patronage of many wealthy Indian businessmen and philanthropists like [[David Sassoon (treasurer)|David Sassoon]], [[Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy|Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy]] and [[Jaganath Shunkerseth]].
[[File:Dr. Bhau Daji Lad Museum, interno 01.jpg|thumb|left|Victorian interiors of the museum]]

The construction of the present building in [[Jijamata Udyan]] in [[Byculla]] started in 1862 and was completed in 1871.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/places.html |title=PLACES
|publisher=Maharashtra State Gazetteers-Greater Bombay District |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809033645/http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/places.html |archive-date=9 August 2011 }}</ref> The museum was opened on 2 May 1872 as ''The Victoria and Albert Museum, Bombay''. A little more than a hundred years later, on 1 November 1975, the museum was renamed the Dr. Bhau Daji Lad Museum in honour of the man whose vision and dedication enabled its establishment. Bhau Daji Lad was the first Indian Sheriff of Mumbai, a philanthropist, historian, physician, surgeon and secretary of the Museum Committee when it was first instituted.<ref>{{cite web |title=DR. Bhau Daji Lad Mumbai City Museum - About |url=https://www.bdlmuseum.org/about/museum-story.php |website=bdlmuseum.org |access-date=23 April 2022}}</ref>

=== [[Great Exhibition|The Great Exhibition of 1851]] ===
The idea of setting up a museum in Mumbai was first mooted in 1850 when preparations were being made for the first ‘Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nations’ to be held in London's Crystal Palace in 1851. Prince Albert, the consort of Queen Victoria, wanted to present to the world the industrial arts and crafts of Britain's colonies and thereby stimulate trade for these products. The Great Exhibition was a catalyst for other world fairs and resulted in the establishment of new museums across the British Empire. The duplicates of art objects and raw products that were sent from the Bombay Presidency to the 1855 Paris Universal Exhibition thus formed the nucleus of a new museum that was set up at the Town Barracks in Fort and known as the ‘Government Central Museum’.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Museum Story |url=https://www.bdlmuseum.org/about/museum-story.php |access-date=8 March 2022 |website=www.bdlmuseum.org}}</ref>

=== Restoration and revitalisation ===
In 2003, the [[Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage|Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH)]] in collaboration with the [[Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation]] and the [[Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai]] undertook extensive refurbishment of the building, a Grade II-B heritage structure.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/bhau-daji-lad-museum-to-be-finally-inaugurated/256624/|title=Bhau Daji Lad museum to be finally inaugurated|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]|date=2 January 2008|access-date=27 June 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Thomas |first=Skye Arundhati |date=25 August 2017 |url=https://www.apollo-magazine.com/mumbais-oldest-museum-looks-to-the-future/|title=Mumbai's oldest museum looks to the future |magazine=Apollo Magazine |language=en-US |access-date=15 March 2019}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Johar |first=Niriyah |date=17 January 2025 |title=Byculla's Dr. Bhau Daji Lad Museum reopens after a two-year-long restoration project |url=https://www.architecturaldigest.in/story/bycullas-dr-bhau-daji-lad-museum-reopens-after-a-two-year-long-restoration-project-bdl-prince-of-wales-tasneem-zakaria-mehta-vikas-dilawari-bmc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250302130436/https://www.architecturaldigest.in/story/bycullas-dr-bhau-daji-lad-museum-reopens-after-a-two-year-long-restoration-project-bdl-prince-of-wales-tasneem-zakaria-mehta-vikas-dilawari-bmc/ |archive-date=2 March 2025 |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=Architectural Digest}}</ref> After five years of painstaking and intensive work, the museum reopened to the public on 4 January 2008.

The museum underwent another, smaller, two-year-long restoration to restore damages due to the closures during COVID-19 and opened to the public on 8 January 2025.<ref name=":0" />
{{clear|left}}

== Awards and recognition ==
[[File:Dr. Bhau Daji Lad Museum, esterno, torretta con orologio.jpg|thumb|The David Sassoon clock tower situated at the entrance of 'Veer Mata Jijabai Bhonsle Udyan']]
In 2005, the museum won [[UNESCO|UNESCO's]] Asia-Pacific Award of Excellence in Cultural Conservation after being restored by conservation architect [[Vikas Dilawari]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Talreja |first1=Sarvesh |title=Timeless treasures of Bhau Daji Lad Museum |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/business-of-life/timeless-treasures-of-bhau-daji-lad-museum-1541868156777.html |access-date=23 April 2022 |work=Mint |date=19 January 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

In 2016, the museum received the International Quality Crown award in the gold category for its focus on quality, continuous innovation, and customer satisfaction.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Menon |first1=Rashmi |title=Mumbai's Dr Bhau Daji Lad museum to get a Crown! |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/mumbais-dr-bhau-daji-lad-museum-to-get-a-crown/articleshow/53616782.cms |access-date=23 April 2022 |work=The Economic Times |date=9 August 2016}}</ref>

==Governance==
The museum is managed by a public-private partnership, a first for a cultural institution in India. The partnership involves the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai, the Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation and the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH).<ref>{{cite web|title=Dr. Bhau Daji Lad Museum - The Tripatriate Agreement|url=http://www.bdlmuseum.org/bigImgTextLayout.aspx?mnuId=5|work=Dr. Bhau Daji Lad Museum website|access-date=7 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322195803/http://www.bdlmuseum.org/bigImgTextLayout.aspx?mnuId=5|archive-date=22 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Tasneem Zakaria Mehta is the honorary director of the museum and has a Board of Management and Trustees that include the [[mayor of Mumbai|mayor]] and the [[Municipal Commissioner of Mumbai|municipal commissioner]] of Mumbai.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Tripatriate Agreement|url=http://www.bdlmuseum.org/bigImgTextLayout.aspx?mnuId=5|work=Dr. Bhau Daji Lad Museum official website|access-date=13 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322195803/http://www.bdlmuseum.org/bigImgTextLayout.aspx?mnuId=5|archive-date=22 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Collections==
[[File:Elefante dall'ingresso delle grotte di elephanta, 540 dc ca. 01.jpg|thumbnail|left|Basalt elephant sculpture from [[Elephanta Island|Elephanta Island]]]]
This museum houses a large number of archaeological finds, maps and historical photographs of Mumbai, clay models, silver and copper ware and costumes. Its significant collections include a 17th-century manuscript of ''[[Hatim Tai]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Passage To Bombay |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/passage-to-bombay/236538 |access-date=23 April 2022 |magazine=Outlook |date=5 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref> It also houses the iconic ''[[Kala Ghoda]]'' statue. Outside the museum is the installation of the monolithic basalt elephant sculpture recovered from the sea, which originated from [[Elephanta Island]] (''Gharapuri Island'').
{{clear|left}}

==Gallery==
{{Gallery
| title='''Dr. Bhau Daji Lad Museum'''
| width = 175
| height = 175
| align=center
| File:View of Bhau Daji Lad Museum from Southeast.jpg| View of the Museum Building from Southeast
| File:Cornerstone of the Bhau Daji Lad Museum.jpg| The museum cornerstone, laid during a ceremony in November 1862
| File:Dr. Bhau Daji Lad Museum - Queen Victoria Bust - 1.jpg|Bust of [[Queen Victoria]] inside the museum.
| File:Statue of Prince Albert inside the museum.jpg| Statue of Prince Albert within the museum
| File:Plaque of the Prince Alfred statue within the museum.jpg | Plaque of the same statue
| File:Elaborate interiors of the museum.jpg| Elaborate interiors of the museum
| File:Dr. Bhau Daji Lad Museum - Ceiling - 2.jpg|Museum ceiling.
| File:Dr. Bhau Daji Lad Museum, interno 06.jpg|Upper storey of the museum.
| File:View of the ornate ceilings from the Second Floor.jpg| View of the ornate ceilings from the upper storey
| File:Dr. Bhau Daji Lad Museum - Interiors - 1.jpg|Statue inside the museum.
| File:Dr. Bhau Daji Lad Museum at Rani Baugh Bombay (Jijamata Udyan Mumbai) - panoramio - Camaal Mustafa Sikan….jpg
| File:Model of Bombay Castle at Bhau Daji Lad Museum.jpg| Model of the Bombay Castle
|Multi-Barreled cannon| Two cannons placed outside the museum
| File:Statues at the west of the Museum Building.jpg| Statues at the west of the building
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110625071310/http://bdlmuseum.org/onlyImgLayout.aspx?mnuId=1 Museum site]
* [https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/dr-bhau-daji-lad-mumbai-city-museum Dr. Bhau Daji Lad Mumbai City Museum at Google Cultural Institute]

{{Mumbai City district topics}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Doctor Bhau Daji Lad Museum}}
[[Category:Culture of Mumbai]]
[[Category:Museums in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Museums established in 1855]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1871]]
[[Category:Local museums in India]]
[[Category:Decorative arts museums in India]]
[[Category:1855 establishments in India]]

Reetika Hooda

2025-10-24T09:48:10Z

DigitalKush:

{{Short description|Indian freestyle wrestler}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}

{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Reetika Hooda
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2002|8|31|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Rohtak]], [[Haryana]], India
| sport = [[Wrestling]]
| weight_class = 76 kg
| event = [[Freestyle wrestling|Freestyle]]
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Women's [[freestyle wrestling]]}} [[File:Wrestling pictogram.svg|30px]]
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Wrestling Championships|Asian Championships]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2025 Asian Wrestling Championships|2025 Amman]]|[[2025 Asian Wrestling Championships – Results#76 kg|76kg]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2023 Asian Wrestling Championships|2023 Astana]]|[[2023 Asian Wrestling Championships – Results#72 kg|72kg]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[United World Wrestling|Grand Prix]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2025 Ulaanbaatar Open|2025 Ulaanbaatar]]|[[2025 Ulaanbaatar Open#Women's freestyle|76kg]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2024 Polyák Imre & Varga János Memorial Tournament|2024 Budapest]]|[[2024 Polyák Imre & Varga János Memorial Tournament#Women's freestyle 76 kg|76kg]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2023 Kaba Uulu Kozhomkul & Raatbek Sanatbaev Tournament|2023 Bishkek]]|[[2023 Kaba Uulu Kozhomkul & Raatbek Sanatbaev Tournament#Women's freestyle 72 kg|72kg]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2023 Ibrahim Moustafa Tournament|2023 Alexandria]]|[[2023 Ibrahim Moustafa Tournament#Women's freestyle 72 kg|72kg]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[World Military Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2024 World Military Wrestling Championships|2024 Yerevan]]|[[2024 World Military Wrestling Championships#Women's freestyle|76kg]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2025 World Military Wrestling Championships|2025 Warendorf]]|[[2025 World Military Wrestling Championships#Women's freestyle|76kg]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[U23 World Wrestling Championships|U23 World Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2023 U23 World Wrestling Championships|2023 Tirana]]|[[2023 U23 World Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 76 kg|76kg]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Wrestling Championships|U23 Asian Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[Bishkek|2022 Bishkek]]|[[Asian Wrestling Championships|72kg]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[U20 World Wrestling Championships|U20 World Championships]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2022 U20 World Wrestling Championships|2022 Sofia]]|[[2022 U20 World Wrestling Championships#Women's freestyle|72kg]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Wrestling Championships|U17 Asian Championships]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Nur-Sultan|2019 Nur-Sultan]]|[[Asian Wrestling Championships|69kg]]}}
| module = {{Infobox military person
| embed = yes
| branch = {{navy|India}}
| serviceyears =
| rank = [[Chief Petty Officer]]
| awards =
| servicenumber =
}}
}}
'''Reetika Hooda''' (born 31 August 2002) is an Indian [[Freestyle wrestling|freestyle wrestler]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=REETIKA Reetika profile page |url=https://uww.org/athletes/reetika-reetika |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=uww.org |language=en |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415061248/https://uww.org/athletes/reetika-reetika |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Early life ==
Reetika Hooda was born in [[Rohtak district]], Haryana. Her father Jagbir Singh is a farmer and her mother Neelam is a housewife.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Heryana: Young women wrestlers of Haryana are chipping away at patriarchy, medal by medal |work=The Tribune |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/features/heryana-young-women-wrestlers-of-haryana-are-chipping-away-at-patriarchy-medal-by-medal-428414 |access-date=15 April 2023 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415074301/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/features/heryana-young-women-wrestlers-of-haryana-are-chipping-away-at-patriarchy-medal-by-medal-428414 |url-status=live }}</ref> She showed an early interest in wrestling, participating in local competitions from a young age.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who is Reetika Hooda? Her Life, Family, Age, and Wrestling Achievements |url=https://fusiontechguide.com/who-is-reetika-hooda-her-life-family-age-wrestling-achievements/ |website=Fusion Tech Guide |date=8 August 2024 |access-date=8 August 2024 |archive-date=11 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240811073749/https://fusiontechguide.com/who-is-reetika-hooda-her-life-family-age-wrestling-achievements/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Career==
Reetika won a bronze medal in the women's 72 kg event at the 2023 [[2023 Ibrahim Moustafa Tournament|Ibrahim Moustafa Wrestling Ranking Series]] in Egypt.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=The Bridge |date=2023-02-26 |title=Wrestling: Reetika wins bronze in Egypt Ranking Series |url=https://thebridge.in/wrestling/reetika-bronze-egypt-ranking-series-40014 |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=thebridge.in |language=en |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415062750/https://thebridge.in/wrestling/reetika-bronze-egypt-ranking-series-40014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sarangi |first=Y. B. |date=2023-02-26 |title=Reetika clinches the bronze medal |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/reetika-wrestling/article66556255.ece |access-date=2023-04-15 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> She also won a bronze medal at the [[2023 Asian Wrestling Championships]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-13 |title=Asian Wrestling Championships: Anshu, Sonam, Manisha, Reetika bag bronze while Antim claims silver |url=https://www.espn.in/wrestling/story/_/id/36175048/asian-wrestling-championships-2023-anshu-sonam-malik-manisha-reetika-bronze-antim-panghal-silver |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=ESPN |language=en |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415061248/https://www.espn.in/wrestling/story/_/id/36175048/asian-wrestling-championships-2023-anshu-sonam-malik-manisha-reetika-bronze-antim-panghal-silver |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-13 |title=Asian Wrestling Championships: Antim Panghal Claims Silver, Four Other Indians Bag Bronze |url=https://www.news18.com/sports/asian-wrestling-championships-antim-panghal-claims-silver-four-other-indians-bag-bronze-7532779.html |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415062213/https://www.news18.com/sports/asian-wrestling-championships-antim-panghal-claims-silver-four-other-indians-bag-bronze-7532779.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In October 2023, she became the first Indian female wrestler to win the gold medal at the [[2023 U23 World Wrestling Championships|U23 World Championships]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Raj |first1=Pritish |title=Meet Reetika: India's first-ever female U23 Wrestling World Champion |url=https://thebridge.in/wrestling/reetika-first-ever-u23-female-wrestling-world-champion-44608 |website=The Bridge |date=November 2023 |access-date=2 November 2023 |archive-date=28 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128120355/https://thebridge.in/wrestling/reetika-first-ever-u23-female-wrestling-world-champion-44608 |url-status=live }}</ref>

She competed at the [[2024 Asian Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament]] in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan and earned a quota place for India for the [[2024 Summer Olympics]] in Paris, France.<ref name="asian_wrestling_olympic_qualification_tournament_results_book_2024">{{Cite web |title=2024 Asian Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament Results Book |url=https://cdn.uww.org/2024-04/final-book-seniors_asian_og_qualifier.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422185521/https://cdn.uww.org/2024-04/final-book-seniors_asian_og_qualifier.pdf |archive-date=22 April 2024 |access-date=22 April 2024 |website=United World Wrestling}}</ref> She became the first Indian Women to qualify to the Olympics in the 76 kg category

== Senior career results ==
{| class="wikitable"
! width="30" |Res.
! width="30" |Record
! width="220" |Opponent
! width="60" |Score
! width="100" |Date
! width="180" |Event
! width="120" |Location
|-
! colspan="7" |{{silver2}} Silver Medal at [[2024 Asian Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament#76 kg|76 kg]]
|-
|Win
|13-7
|{{flagathlete|[[Génesis Reasco]]|ECU}}
|7-0
| rowspan="4" |8 June 2024
| rowspan="4" | [[2024 Polyák Imre & Varga János Memorial Tournament]]
| rowspan="4" |{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Budapest]]
|-
|Win
|12-7
|{{flagathlete|[[Zaineb Sghaier]]|TUN}}
|10-0
|-
|Loss
|11-7
|{{flagathlete|[[Tatiana Rentería]]|COL}}
|3-6
|-
|Win
|11-6
|{{flagathlete|[[Justina Di Stasio]]|CAN}}
|11-0
|-
! colspan="7" |Qualified 1st at [[2024 Asian Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament#76 kg|76 kg]]
|-
|Win
|10-6
|{{flagathlete|[[Chang Hui-tsz]]|TPE}}
|7-0
| rowspan="4" |20 April 2024
| rowspan="4" |[[2024 Asian Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament]]
| rowspan="4" |{{flagicon|KGZ}} [[Bishkek]]
|-
|Win
|9-6
|{{flagathlete|[[Wang Juan (wrestler)|Wang Juan]]|CHN}}
|9-6
|-
|Win
|8-6
|{{flagathlete|[[Enkh-Amaryn Davaanasan]]|MGL}}
|11-0
|-
|Win
|7-6
|{{flagathlete|[[Hwang Eun-ju]]|KOR}}
|10-0
|-
! colspan="7" |{{silver2}} Silver Medal at [[2023 Kaba Uulu Kozhomkul & Raatbek Sanatbaev Tournament#Women's freestyle 72 kg|72 kg]]
|-
|Loss
|6-6
|{{flagathlete|[[Zhamila Bakbergenova]]|KAZ}}
|0-7
| rowspan="2" |3 June 2023
| rowspan="2" |[[2023 Kaba Uulu Kozhomkul & Raatbek Sanatbaev Tournament]]
| rowspan="2" |{{flagicon|KGZ}} [[Bishkek]]
|-
|Win
|6-5
|{{flagathlete|[[Dalma Caneva]]|ITA}}
|10-0
|-
! colspan="7" |{{Bronze3}} Bronze Medal at [[2023 Asian Wrestling Championships - Results#Women's freestyle 72 kg|72 kg]]
|-
|Win
|5-5
|{{flagathlete|Svetlana Oknazarova|UZB}}
|8-2
| rowspan="3" |12 April 2023
| rowspan="3" |[[2023 Asian Wrestling Championships]]
| rowspan="3" |{{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Astana]]
|-
|Loss
|4-5
|{{flagathlete|Sumire Niikura|JPN}}
|5-8
|-
|Win
|4-4
|{{flagathlete|Nurzat Nurtaeva|KAZ}}
|9-4
|-
! colspan="7" |{{Bronze3}} Bronze Medal at [[2023 Ibrahim Moustafa Tournament#Women's freestyle 72 kg|72 kg]]
|-
|Win
|3-4
|{{flagathlete|Lilly Schneider|GER}}
|14-0
| rowspan="4" |24 - 25 February 2023
| rowspan="4" |[[2023 Ibrahim Moustafa Tournament]]
| rowspan="4" |{{flagicon|EGY}} [[Alexandria]]
|-
|Loss
|2-4
|{{flagathlete|[[Dalma Caneva]]|ITA}}
|1-7, Fall
|-
|Win
|2-3
|{{flagathlete|Lilly Schneider|GER}}
|14-0
|-
|Win
|1-3
|{{flagathlete|Svetlana Oknazarova|UZB}}
|17-3
|-
! colspan="7" |Tied 6th at 72 kg
|-
|Loss
|0-3
|{{flagathlete|Elizabeth Grotte|USA}}
|0-7
| rowspan="2" |4 February 2023
| rowspan="2" |[[2022 Grand Prix Zagreb Open]]
| rowspan="2" |{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Zagreb]]
|-
|Loss
|0-2
|{{flagathlete|Sumire Niikura|JPN}}
|5-7
|-
! colspan="7" |Tied 11th at [[2022 World Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 72 kg|72 kg]]
|-
|Loss
|0-1
|{{flagathlete|[[Kendra Dacher]]|FRA}}
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Makara

2025-10-19T19:55:08Z

DigitalKush: expanded content

{{Short description|Hindu mythological creature}}
{{Other uses|Makara (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox mythical creature
|name = Makara
|AKA = 
|image = Makara face at Konark temple 01.jpg
|image_size =
|image_upright =
|caption = Makara at the Konarak temple
|Folklore =
|Grouping = 
|Sub_Grouping = 
|Family = 
|Country = India
|Region = 
|Details = 
|First_Attested = 
|Similar_entities = 
}}
[[File:Ganga Kalighat 1875.jpg|thumb|Makara as the [[Vahana]] (vehicle) of the goddess [[Ganges in Hinduism|Ganga]]]]
'''Makara''' ({{langx|sa|मकर|translit=Makara}}) is a legendary sea-creature in [[Hindu mythology]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-04-12 |title=Makara, Makāra, Mākara, Mākāra: 44 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/makara |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref> In [[Hindu astrology]], Makara is equivalent to the [[Zodiac]] sign [[Capricorn (astrology)|Capricorn]].

Makara appears as the [[vahana]] (vehicle) of the river goddess [[Ganga in Hinduism|Ganga]], [[Narmada#Significance in Hinduism|Narmada]], and of the god of the ocean, [[Varuna]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Darian|first=Steven|date=1976|title=The Other Face of the Makara|journal=Artibus Asiae|volume=38|issue=1|pages=29–36|doi=10.2307/3250095|jstor=3250095|issn=0004-3648}}</ref> Makara are considered guardians of gateways and thresholds, protecting throne rooms as well as entryways to temples; it is the most commonly recurring creature in Hindu and Buddhist [[Hindu temple architecture|temple iconography]], and also frequently appears as a [[gargoyle]] or as a spout attached to a natural spring. Makara-shaped earrings called ''Makarakundalas'' are sometimes worn by Hindu deities, for example [[Shiva]], [[Vishnu]], [[Surya]], and [[Chandi]]. Makara is also the [[Dhvaja|insignia]] of the love god [[Kamadeva]], who has no dedicated temples and is also known as ''Makaradhvaja'', "one whose flag depicts a makara".

==Etymology==
[[File:Varunadeva.jpg|thumb| A crocodile-like Makara as [[Varuna]]'s animal vehicle]]
''Makara'' is a [[Sanskrit]] word which means "sea-animal, crocodile".<ref>{{cite book |author=Apte, V. S. |year=1957 |title=The Practical Sanskrit–English dictionary |edition=Revised and enlarged |location=Poona |publisher=Prasad Prakashan |chapter=मकर |page=1218 |chapter-url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/apte_query.py?qs=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%83&searchhws=yes}}</ref>

Several German scientists argued that makara is based on the [[dugong]] instead, based on reading of [[Jain Agamas (Digambara)|Jain text]] of Sūryaprajñapti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Meulenbeld |first=G. J. |year=1974 |title=The Mādhavanidāna and Its Chief Commentary, Chapters 1-10, Parts 1-10 |publisher=Brill |chapter=makara |page=484 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vOoUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA484 |isbn=978-90-04-03892-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Van der Geer|first=A. A. E. |year=2008 |title=Animals in Stone: Indian Mammals Sculptured Through Time |publisher=Brill |page=64 |chapter=The missing species, 519. The dugong |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oQ3quxh9gsgC&pg=PR64 |isbn=978-90-04-16819-0}}</ref> The [[South Asian river dolphin]] may also have contributed to the image of the makara.<ref name="Sanskrit">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zUezTfym7CAC&pg=PA771 |title=A Sanskrit-English dictionary: etymologically and philologically arranged |author=Monier Monier-Williams |page=771 |publisher= Motilal Banarsidass Publications |year= 2005 |isbn=9788120831056}}</ref>

==Physical features of makara==

It is generally depicted as half terrestrial animal in the frontal part (stag, deer, or elephant) and half aquatic animal in the hind part (usually of a fish, a dolphin, or a snake, though sometimes a peacock or even a floral tail is depicted). Though Makara may take many different forms throughout Hindu culture, in the modern world, its form is always related to the [[Mugger crocodile|marsh crocodile]] or [[Asian water monitor|water monitor]].

According to an art historian, [[John Boardman (art historian)|John Boardman]], depictions of Makara and [[Chinese Dragon]] might have been influenced by ''[[Cetus (mythology)|Kētos]]'' in [[Greek Mythology]], possibly after contact with [[Silk Road|silk-road]] images of the ''Kētos''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Boardman |first=John |author-link=John Boardman (art historian) |date=2015 |title=The Greeks in Asia |publisher=Thames and Hudson |isbn=978-0500252130}}</ref>

In Sinhalese ancient artwork ''Makara'' is made up of body parts of six or seven animals such as the trunk of the [[elephant]], jaws of the [[crocodile]], ears of the [[mouse]] or [[ape]], extruding teeth of wild [[swine]], the tail plume of the [[peacock]] and feet of the [[lion]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Clough|first=B.|title=Sinhalese English Dictionary|year=1997|publisher=Asian Educational Services|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CmrJwQoPcsgC&pg=RA2-PT163|page=163|isbn=9788120601055}}</ref>

==Iconography==

===Vedic era iconography===

During [[Vedic]] times when [[Indra]] was the god of heaven, Varuna (the Vedic water god) became the God of the [[sea]]s and rode on makara, which was called "the water monster vehicle".<ref name="Beer2003">{{cite book|author=Robert Beer|title=The handbook of Tibetan Buddhist symbols|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-3804Ud9-4IC&pg=PA77|access-date=17 January 2011|date=10 September 2003|publisher=Serindia Publications, Inc.|isbn=978-1-932476-03-3|pages=77–}}</ref><ref name="Williams2003">{{cite book|author=George Mason Williams|title=Handbook of Hindu mythology|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9791576071068|url-access=registration|access-date=17 January 2011|year=2003|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-106-9|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9791576071068/page/294 294]–}}</ref>

[[File:Celadon Glazed Pottery " Makara-Dragon-Fish-Ewer " Liao Dynasty (907-1125).JPG|thumb|Celadon green-blue glazed pottery ewer, molded as Makara dragon-fish]]

Vishnu's earrings are shown in the form of Makara;<ref name="Rosen2009">{{cite book|author=Brenda Rosen|title=The Mythical Creatures Bible: The Definitive Guide to Legendary Beings|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mI0vKhZXJqwC&pg=PA136|access-date=17 January 2011|date=3 March 2009|publisher=Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.|isbn=978-1-4027-6536-0|pages=136–}}</ref> but ''makarakundala'' can also decorate Shiva's ears.<ref>''The Asian Civilisations Museum A-Z Guide to its Collections''. Singapore: Editions Didier Millet, 2003, p. 300.</ref> Its contemporary usage is as ornaments in the form of bracelets in hollow silver ware inlaid with jewels for eyes and ears, which is given as a wedding gift to the bride. Some traditional account also links the Makara to the [[water monitor]] as both has body parts (example: jaws, meat etc.) which are stated to possess [[aphrodisiac]] properties.<ref name="America1970" />

Makara has been depicted typically as half mammal and half fish. In many temples, the depiction is in the form of half fish or seal with head of an elephant. It is also shown in an abstract, chimeric form with head and jaws of a [[crocodile]], an elephant trunk with scales of fish and a peacock tail. [[Lakshmi]] sitting on a lotus is also a depiction in which she pulls the tongue of the elephant shaped makara is meant to project Lakshmi's image as the goddess of prosperity, wealth and well being.<ref name="Rosen2009" /><ref name="Lenin" /><ref name="America1970" /> It represents a necessary state of chaos before the emergence of a new state of order.<ref name="Rosen2009" />

Makara is also the emblem of [[Kamadeva]], the god of love and desire. [[Kamadeva]] is also known as 'Makara-Ketu' which means "having the makara for an emblem". It is the tenth sign of the [[Zodiac]], called rāśi in Sanskrit, which is equivalent to the zodiacal sign of [[Capricorn (astrology)|Capricorn]] ([[goat]] symbol).<ref name="Beer2003" />

===Middle kingdoms iconography - Pradyuma Makaradhvaja===
{{see also | Middle kingdoms of India }}
[[File:Besnagar Makara pillar capital.jpg|thumb|upright|The Makara, as the one found on a pillar capital at the site of the [[Heliodorus pillar]], is associated with [[Pradyumna]].<ref name="IH222">{{cite book |title=Indian History |date=1988 |publisher=Allied Publishers |isbn=978-81-8424-568-4 |page=A-222 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MazdaWXQFuQC&pg=SL1-PA222 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Mittal Publications">{{cite book |last1=Ayyar |first1=Sulochana |title=Costumes and Ornaments as Depicted in the Sculptures of Gwalior Museum |date=1987 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-002-4 |page=13 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G9eHPXL6UE0C&pg=PA13 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="VVG81">{{cite journal |last1=Gupta |first1=Vinay K. |title=Vrishnis in Ancient Literature and Art |journal=Indology's Pulse Arts in Context, Doris Meth Srinivasan Festschrift Volume, Eds. Corinna Wessels Mevissen and Gerd Mevissen with Assistance of Vinay Kumar Gupta |date=January 2019 |page=81 |url=https://www.academia.edu/40656540 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="CRA24">{{cite book |last1=Austin |first1=Christopher R. |title=Pradyumna: Lover, Magician, and Scion of the Avatara |date=2019 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-005412-0 |page=24 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GvarDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA24 |language=en}}</ref> 2nd century BCE.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=VIENNOT |first1=Odette |title=Le Makara dans la Décoration des Monuments de l'Inde Ancienne : Positions et Fonctions |journal=Arts Asiatiques |volume=5 |issue=3 |date=1958 |page=184 |jstor=43484068 }}</ref> [[Gwalior Museum]].<ref>Visible in the back of the image entitled "Lion capital – Udayagiri – 5th century": {{cite web |title=Gujari Mahal State Archaeological Museum – Gwalior |url=https://kevinstandagephotography.wordpress.com/2019/04/15/gujari-mahal-state-archaeological-museum-gwalior/#jp-carousel-16148 |website=Kevin Standage |language=en |date=15 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="Mittal Publications"/>]]

From the 2nd century BCE, the ''Makara'' appears to have been the symbol of [[Pradyumna]], son of [[Vāsudeva Krishna]]. One of the epithets of [[Pradyumna]] in literature, such as in [[Harivamsa]] 99, is "Makaradhvaja", meaning "he whose banner or standard is the crocodile".<ref name="CRA65">{{cite book |last1=Austin |first1=Christopher R. |title=Pradyumna: Lover, Magician, and Son of the Avatara |date=2019 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-005411-3 |page=65 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4jCoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA65 |language=en}}</ref> A pillar capital with the effigy of a ''Makara'' crocodile found at [[Besnagar]] near the [[Heliodorus pillar]] dedicated to [[Vasudeva]], is also attributed to Pradyumna.<ref name="CRA65"/> In the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' too, the Makara is associated with Krishna's son and [[Kamadeva]], the God of Love, suggesting they are identical.<ref name="CRA65"/>

===Later Hindu iconography===
{{see also | Hindu temple architecture | l1= Hindu temple iconography }}

====Universal frequent occurrences====
[[File:Makara Halebidu.jpg|thumb|Row of Makara in base of [[Hoysaleswara Temple]], [[Halebidu]], [[Karnataka]]. Note Makara standing vertical at corner.]]

In Hindu [[iconography]], Makara is represented as the [[vahana]] ('vehicle') of [[Ganges in Hinduism|Ganga]], the river goddess. A row of makara may run along the wall of a Hindu temple, act as the hand rail of a staircase, or form an arch above a doorway.<ref name="Lenin">{{citation
|url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/history-and-culture/article1092548.ece
|title=My Husband and Other Animals - The beast within File:Makara Halebidu.jpg
|author=Janaki Lenin
|work=The Hindu
|publisher=Kasturi & Sons Ltd
|date=2011-01-14
|access-date=2011-01-14
}}</ref>

The leading Hindu [[Vastu Shastra|temple architect]] and builder [[Ganapati Sthapati]] describes Makara as a mythical animal with the body of a fish, trunk of an elephant, feet of a lion, eyes of a monkey, ears of a pig, and the tail of a peacock.<ref name="Lenin" /> A more succinct explanation is provided: "An ancient mythological symbol, the hybrid creature is formed from a number of animals such that collectively possess the nature of a crocodile. It has the lower jaw of a crocodile, the snout or trunk of an elephant, the tusks and ears of a wild boar, the darting eyes of a monkey, the scales and the flexible body of a fish, and the swirling tailing feathers of a peacock."<ref name="Beer2003" />

Traditionally, a makara is considered to be an aquatic mythical creature. Makara has been depicted typically as half mammal and half fish. Some traditional accounts identify it with a [[crocodile]], specifically the [[Marsh Crocodile|Mugger]] because of its etymological roots. It is depicted with the forequarters of an elephant and the hindquarters as a fish tail. Crocodile was also a form which was used in the earlier days which was shown with human body.<ref name="Lenin" /><ref name="Murthy1985">{{cite book|author=K. Krishna Murthy|title=Mythical animals in Indian art|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dMI4rZuRs1MC&pg=RA1-PA44|access-date=17 January 2011|date=October 1985|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-0-391-03287-3|pages=37, 41, 44}}</ref>
[[File:Makara Halebidu row.jpg|thumb|Row of Makara in base of Hoysaleswara Temple, Halebidu, Karnataka]]

In many temples, the depiction is in the form of half fish or seal with head of an elephant. It is also shown with head and jaws resembling a crocodile, an elephant trunk with scales of fish and a peacock tail.<ref name="Rosen2009" /> Other accounts identify it with [[Gangetic dolphin]] having striking resemblances with the latter, now found mainly in [[Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary]]. Others portray it as a fish body with an elephant's head. The tradition identifies the makara with water, the source of all existence and fertility.<ref name="Lenin" />

In a Hindu temple, the Makara often serves as the structural [[bookend]]s of a [[thoranam]] or archway around a deity. The arch emerges up from the jaws of one Makara, rises to its peak, the [[Kirtimukha]] (the 'Face of Glory'), and descends into the gaping jaws of another Makara. Varuna is also depicted as a white man sitting on the monster makara. As a marine monster, it is also shown with the head and legs of an [[antelope]], and the body and tail of a fish.<ref name="Wilkins (2004)">{{cite book|author=W. J. Wilkins|title=Hindu Mythology, Vedic and Puranic|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=84pTrICjfRcC&pg=PA36|access-date=17 January 2011|date=March 2004|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|isbn=978-0-7661-8881-5|pages=36–}}</ref> A makara made in iron shows the monster in the form of half [[stag]] and half fish.<ref name="Wilkins (2004), p.373">Wilkins (2004)", p.373</ref> These elements are variously joined to form one of the most common recurring themes in Indian temple iconography. In Indian art, the makara finds expression in the form of many motifs, and has been portrayed in different styles. Makara figures are placed on the entry points ([[Torana]]s) of several Buddhist monuments, including the [[stupa]] of [[Sanchi]], a world heritage site. It is found guarding the entrances to royal thrones (see [[#Distribution of iconography|Distribution]] below).<ref name="Lenin" />

[[File:Makaram Thoranum at Belur.jpg|thumb|The Makara Thoranam above the door of the [[Garbhagriha]] of Hoysaleswara Temple, Halebidu. Two makaras are shown on either end of the arch.]]

====Medieval South Indian iconography ====

In the [[Tamil Nadu#Medieval Period (600–1300)|medieval era]] of [[South India]], Makara was shown as a fifth stage of development, symbolized in the form of an elephant head and body with an elaborately foliated fish tail. Most myths maintain this symbolism of this stage in the evolution of life.<ref name="America1970">{{cite book|author=Archaeological Institute of America|pages=41–43|title=Archaeology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nt8sAAAAMAAJ|access-date=17 January 2011|year=1970|publisher=Archaeological Institute of America}}</ref> (Note makara in fifth row of animistic carvings in temple wall at right.)

====Indonesian iconography ====

The [[Candi of Indonesia#Kala-Makara|temples of ancient Java]] is notable with the application of [[kala (time)|kala]]-makara as both decorative and symbolic elements of temple architecture. Kala is the giant head, often took place on the top of the entrance with makaras projected on either sides of kala's head flanking the portal or projecting on top corner as antefixes. Kala-makara theme also can be found on stairs railings on either sides. On upper part of stairs, the mouth of kala's head projecting makara downward. The intricate stone carving of twin makaras flanking the lower level of stairs with its bodies forming the stair's railings. These types of stairs decorations can be observed in [[Borobudur]] and [[Prambanan]] temples. Makara's trunks are often describes as handling gold ornaments or spouting jewels, while in its mouth often projected Gana dwarf figures or animals such as lions or parrots.

====Khmer iconography ====
[[File:Lintel corner with makara rider 1.jpg|thumb|Makara disgorging a lion-like creature on corner of a lintel on one of the towers) surrounding the central pyramid at [[Bakong]], [[Hariharalaya|Roluos]], [[Cambodia]]]]
Makaras are also a characteristic motif of the religious [[Khmer architecture]] of the [[Angkor]] region of [[Cambodia]] which was the capital of the [[Khmer Empire]]. Makaras are usually part of the decorative carving on a lintel, tympanum, or wall. Makaras are usually depicted with another symbolic animal, such as a lion, naga or serpent, emerging from its gaping open mouth. Makara are a central design motif in the beautiful lintels of the [[Hariharalaya|Roluos]] group of temples: [[Preah Ko]], [[Bakong]], and [[Lolei]]. At [[Banteay Srei]], carvings of makaras disgorging other monsters were installed on many of the buildings' corners.<ref name="Roveda">{{citation
|title=Images of the gods: Khmer mythology in Cambodia, Thailand and Laos
|author= Vittorio Roveda
|publisher=River Books
|year=2005
|pages=209–210
}}</ref>

====Nepalese iconography ====

The [[Newa people|Newa]] art of [[Nepal]] uses this depiction extensively. In Newar architecture, its depiction is "as guardian of gateways, the makara image appears on the curved prongs of the vast crossed-vajra that encompasses the four gateways of the two-dimensional [[mandala]]. Of the three dimensional-mandala this crossed-vajra supports the whole structure of the mandala palace symbolizing the immovable stability of the vajra-ground on which it stands".<ref name="Beer2003" />

Most spouts of old Nepalese drinking fountains (called [[dhunge dhara]]) have the shape of a makara.<ref name=Pranhan1988>[http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ancientnepal/pdf/ancient_nepal_116-118_02.pdf Dhunge Dhara: A Case Study of the Three Cities of Kathmandu Valley] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322165443/http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ancientnepal/pdf/ancient_nepal_116-118_02.pdf |date=2021-03-22 }} by Riddhi Pranhan, Ancient Nepal 116-118, 1990</ref>

====Sri Lankan iconography ====
[[File:Dragon Balustrade at the entrance to Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi in Anuradhapura, Sir Lanka.jpg|thumb|Dragon Balustrade at the entrance to [[Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi]] in [[Anuradhapura]], Sri Lanka]]
'''''Makara''''' is the [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]] term for [[dragon]], an important figure in Sinhala Buddhist culture in [[Sri Lanka]]. It is depicted on [[torana]]s in temple architecture and objects of prestige such as in [[kastane]]s.

The Makara is widely used in Sri Lankan Buddhist architecture, often depicted on [[torana]]s.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GkJOCgAAQBAJ&q=makara+sri+lanka&pg=PT624|title=The Rough Guide to Sri Lanka |date=2015-11-02|publisher=Rough Guides Limited|isbn=9780241251263|language=en}}</ref> Since ancient time, easterners{{Who|date=August 2017}} believe that Makara is one of watery creatures and even from the pre-era of the field of [[Buddhist art]], ''Makara'' has been depicted both in work of [[literature]] and [[stone carvings]]. ''Makara'' gained a distinctive position in the Sinhala Buddhist culture - a special place not given in [[Buddhist]] artwork in other countries.{{Citation needed|date=August 2017}}

The ''[[Korawakgala|Makaragala]]'' (dragon balustrade) is another kind of stone carvings which portray the ''Makara'' (dragon). These artworks used to decorate the entrance of Buddhist [[stupas]], [[temples]] and [[Bo tree]]s. There are two balustrades at main entrance of ''[[Lankatilaka Vihara]]ya'' in Kandy and they are sometimes called ''Gajasinha balustrades'' because of the shape of the ''Makara'' there.<ref name="so">{{cite web|url=http://archives1.sundayobserver.lk/2017/02/19/travel/lankatilaka-vihara-magnificent-edifice-gampola-era|title=Lankatilaka Vihara: Magnificent edifice of Gampola era|last=Wijesinghe|first=Mahil|date=19 Feb 2017|publisher=Sunday Observer|page=1|access-date=11 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://discover.lankanest.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=84&Itemid=76|title=Discover Sri Lanka|publisher=Lanka Nest|access-date=16 March 2012|archive-date=12 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212220845/http://discover.lankanest.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=84&Itemid=76|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The ''[[Muragala]]'' (guardstone) has given a highest place to ''Makara''. Over the head of the gatekeeper carved in there, the figures of ''Makara'' can be seen.[[File:Karava Makara flag.jpg|thumb|[[Karava Heraldry|Karava Makara flag]] from [[Sri Lanka]] with elephant/fish head and peacock tail.]]Sinhala Buddhist artists considered ''Makara'' the symbol of prosperity and self-sufficiency so they were not hesitant in portraying the sign of ''Makara'' in the entrance [[arch]] gateway to the religious places, such as [[temple]], [[stupa]] or bodi. Precious examples for the above are [[Temple of the Tooth]] and Lankatilaka Temple in [[Kandy]].<ref name="so"/> Examples for the arched gateway with ''Makara'' over the image of [[Buddha]] can be seen in ''Ridi iharaya'' and [[Dambulla cave temple]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.angelfire.com/in4/visitsl/cities/ridi_viharaya/ridi_viharaya3.htm|title=Ridi Viharaya|last=Fernando|first=Kishani S.|newspaper=Daily Mirror|access-date=14 March 2012}}</ref>

A figure of ''Makara'' has been carved to the handle of a temple key of [[Gadaladeniya]] [[Temple]] built in 1344 in [[Diggala]] in [[Kandy District]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tomallwood.com/locations/sri_lanka/monastery_key-text.php|title=Tom Allwood Photography|publisher=Tom Allwood|access-date=18 March 2012|archive-date=25 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091025111144/http://www.tomallwood.com/locations/sri_lanka/monastery_key-text.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Makara has also been used as a clan symbol by the [[Karava]]s and [[Karaiyar]]s of [[Sri Lanka]], who both share similar origin and were collectively known as [[Kurukula (disambiguation)|Kurukulam]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4ifjAAAAMAAJ&q=kurukulam+karava|title=Kurukshetra|date=1976|publisher=Sri Lak-Indo Study Group|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4ifjAAAAMAAJ&q=makara+kurukula|title=Kurukshetra|date=1976|publisher=Sri Lak-Indo Study Group|language=en}}</ref> Since at least 14 century AD, they have used [[Karava heraldry|Makara flags]] in their ceremonies.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0EBCAQAAMAAJ&q=makara+kurukula|title=The Ceylon Antiquary and Literary Register|date=1922|language=en|last1=Lewis |first1=John Penry |last2=Senaveratna |first2=John M. |last3=Bell |first3=Harry Charles Purvis }}</ref> Clan titles such as ''Aditya'' and ''Varunakulasuriyan'' were used by them, to indicate their connection to ancient Hindu god [[Varuna]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4ogmAQAAMAAJ&q=varunakulasuriya|title=Fisheries in Sri Lanka: anthropological and biological aspects|last=Sivasubramaniam|first=K.|date=2009|publisher=Kumaran Book House|isbn=9789556591460|language=en}}</ref>

====Tibetan Buddhist iconography ====

In the [[Tibetan Buddhism|Tibetan Buddhist format]] it evolved from the [[India]]n form of makara. However, it is different in some ways such as, "display of lions fore paws, a horse's mane, the gills and tendrils of a fish, and the horns of a deer or dragon. From its once simple fishtail, sometimes feathered, now emerges as a complex spiraling floral pattern known as makara-tail design (Sanskrit''makaraketu'')".<ref name="Beer2003" />

In [[Tibet]]an iconography, it is depicted in the ''[[Vajrayana]]'' as a weapon of strength and tenacity. The ''Vajrayan'' weapons which have makara symbolism are: axe, iron hook, curved knife, vajra, and ritual dagger, in all of which the theme is "emergence of the blade from the open mouth of the makara".<ref name="Beer2003" />

Its symbolic representation in the form of a makara head at the corner of temple roofs is as water element which also functions as a "rainwater [[pranala|spout]] or [[gargoyle]]". It is also seen as water spouts at the source of a spring. The artistic carving in stone is in the form of identical pair of makaras flanked by two [[Nāga]]s (snake gods) along with a crown of [[Garuda]], which is called the ''[[kirtimukha]]'' face. Such depictions are also seen at the entrance of wooden doorways as the top arch and also as a torana behind [[Buddha]]'s images.<ref name="Beer2003" />

==Distribution of iconography ==

Stone sculptures of the mythological Makara and its ancient place in the iconography of Hinduism and Buddhism are widely spread throughout [[South Asia]] and [[Southeast Asia]]. Examples from ten countries are shown below:

<gallery caption="Makara sculptures throughout South Asia and Southeast Asia">
File:Kaushambi Makara pillar capital, 2nd century BCE.jpg|Kaushambi Makara pillar capital, 2nd century BCE
File:Nanpaya-Bagan-Myanmar-06-gje.jpg|Makara at [[Nanpaya Temple]], [[Bagan]], [[Burma]]
File:Musée Guimet 897 03.jpg|Makara on lintel from [[Sambor Prei Kuk]] temple, [[Kampong Thom City]], [[Cambodia]]
File:China, testa di makara, norther qi dynasty, 550-577 02.JPG|Makara from [[Northern Qi Dynasty]] (CE 550-577), [[China]]
File:Devotees offering prayers at a sanctum in Chennakesava temple at Belur.jpg|Makara and [[Kirtimukha]] protecting portal of [[Chennakeshava Temple, Belur|Chennakesava Temple]] at [[Belur, Karnataka|Belur]], [[India]]
File:Makara Makara met een romp in de vorm van een leeuw, AK-MAK-248.jpg|Makara stairs adornment from [[Bubrah]] temple, Central Java, [[Indonesia]]
File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Stenen beelden in de vorm van een makara op de Candi Kalasan TMnr 10015966.jpg|Makara sculptures at the [[Candi Kalasan]] Temple, Indonesia
File:Vat That Phun2010-1.jpg|Nagas emerging from Makara mouths at [[Wat]] [[ThatPhun]], [[Vientiane]], [[Laos]]
File:Makara KL 004.JPG|Makara from the 7th century CE at [[National Museum (Malaysia)|National Museum]] [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]]
File:Kirtimukha.Nepal1.JPG|Makara and Kirtimukha at Hindu temple in [[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]]
File:Central Stone Tap, Balaju Baisdhara.jpg|Hiti Manga in the Balaju Water Garden. Almost all [[Dhunge Dhara|stone taps]] in Nepal depict this Makara
File:Bhaktapur-Naga Pokhari-10-gje.jpg|Hiti Manga in [[Bhaktapur]], [[Nepal]]
File:Wsuthatmakara0409.jpg|Makara with Nagas, [[Wat Suthat]], [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]]
File:Cham Naga.png|[[Cham (Asia)|Cham]] god [[Nāga]] emerging from mouth of Makara at the [[National Museum of Vietnamese History]]
File:"Makara pandol" over the image of Lord Buddha.jpg|Makara pandol over the image of Buddha in Dambulla cave temple, [[Sri Lanka]].
File:Aichi Prefectural Ceramic Museum (89).jpg|[[Sasashima ware]] square bowl, ''makara'' design. [[Edo period]], 19th century
File:One of the ribs of bajra, Ashok Stupa, Lagankhel, Patan.jpg|One of the ribs of a vajra, Ashok Stupa, Patan, Nepal
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Capricorn (astrology)]]
* [[Dashavatara]]
* [[Gamzee Makara]]
* [[Shachihoko]]
* [[Vahana]]
* [[Cipactli]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
*''Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend'' ({{ISBN|0-500-51088-1}}) by Anna Dallapiccola
*''The Illustrated Book of Signs and Symbols'' by Miranda Bruce-Mitford

==Bibliography==
* {{cite news |last=Perera|first=ADTA|title=Makara - crafted with mattock (ගල් කටුවෙන් පණ ගැන්වූ මකරා)|journal=Religious News (ශාසන ප්‍රවෘත්ති)|date=Sep–Oct 1975|volume= 5|issue= 1–2|pages=6–7|publisher=Religious Division of Department of Cultural Affairs|location=Colombo|language=si}}
* {{cite news |last=Schokman|first=Derrick|title=The Kusta Raja Gala|journal=Daily News|date=12 April 2003|url=http://www.dailynews.lk/2003/04/12/fea05.html|access-date=18 March 2012}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Makara}}

{{HinduMythology}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Legendary creatures in Hindu mythology]]
[[Category:Legendary reptiles]]
[[Category:Fish in Buddhism]]
[[Category:Tibetan Buddhist practices]]
[[Category:Mythological aquatic creatures]]
[[Category:Mythological hybrids]]
[[Category:Indian dragons]]
[[Category:Capricorn in astrology]]
[[Category:Varuna]]
[[Category:South Asian river dolphins]]

Ramachandra Raya

2025-09-23T07:40:26Z

DigitalKush:

{{Short description|Emperor of Vijayanagara in 1423}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox royalty
| succession = [[Emperor of Vijayanagara]]
| reign = 4 April 1423<ref>{{Cite journal |url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/44145214|last=Lakshmi|first=Kumari Jhansi|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |date=1958|volume=21 |pages=290–297 |title=The Chronology of the Sangama Dynasty|jstor=44145214 }}</ref>–1423
| title =
| predecessor = [[Deva Raya I]]
| successor = [[Veera Vijaya Bukka Raya]]
| birth_date = 1367
| birth_place = [[Vijayanagara]], [[Vijayanagara Empire]] (modern day [[Hampi]], Karnataka, India)
| death_date = 1423
| death_place = [[Vijayanagara]], [[Vijayanagara Empire]] (modern day [[Hampi]], Karnataka, India)
| issue =
| house = [[Sangama dynasty|Sangama]]
| father = [[Deva Raya I]]
| mother =
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| dynasty =
}}
{{Vijayanagara empire}}'''Ramachandra Raya''' (1367–1423) was an [[emperor]] of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] from the [[Sangama Dynasty]].

Ramachandra Raya succeeded [[Deva Raya I]] and briefly reigned as emperor after the latter's death on 25 February 1423. Throughout his reign, there were no recorded significant changes in territory or major events. He was succeeded by his brother, [[Vijararaya|Viravijaya raya]], in the same year who like his brother Ramachandra is not noted for doing anything significant.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* http://www.ourkarnataka.com/states/history/historyofkarnataka40.htm
* {{Cite web |title=APonline - History and Culture - History-Medieval Period |url=http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/hist-cult/history_medieval.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060211073759/http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/hist-cult/history_medieval.html |archive-date=2006-02-11 |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=www.aponline.gov.in}}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box|
before=[[Deva Raya I]]|
title=[[Vijayanagara Empire]]|
years=|
after=[[Vijararaya]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raya, Ramachandra}}
[[Category:1422 deaths]]
[[Category:15th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Vijayanagara emperors]]
[[Category:Sangama dynasty]]
[[Category:1367 births]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Hindu monarchs]]

{{India-royal-stub}}

Rakhi – Atoot Rishtey Ki Dor

2025-09-22T03:39:47Z

DigitalKush: adding some stub w/ infobox

{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{unreferenced|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox television
| alt_name = Rakhi - Atoot Rishtey Ki Dor
| image = Rakhi - Atoot Rishthey K.i Dor...png
| caption =
| runtime = approx. 23 minutes
| creator = [[Film Farm India]]
| music = Abhijeet Hegdepatil
| director = Pawan Kumar
| producer = Pintu Guha, Rupali Guha, & Harsh Dave
| starring = [[#Cast|see below]]
| opentheme = "Rakhi" by Pamela Jain
| country = India
| network = [[Zee TV]]
| first_aired = {{start date|2007|8|27|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2009|2|12|df=y}}
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 325
}}

'''''Rakhi - Atoot Rishtey Ki Dor''''' is a [[Hindi]] TV serial that airs on [[Zee TV]] since 27 August 2007 until 12 February 2009. It looks at the complex scenario within which a brother-sister relationship goes through.

== Plot ==
{{long plot|date=December 2017}}
The story is based on the life of Nandini, who is torn between love and duty towards her brother, Raja. The dilemma is who should she abandon - the love of her husband or her loving brother?

Besides that, as the story progresses, Bhai Raja marries a girl named Neelima. But Neelima's brother Aaryan and grandmother are unhappy with her marriage with Bhai Raja because Bhai Raja didn't allow his sister Nandini to get marry to Aaryan. Now Neelima's grandma wants to separate Bhai Raja and Neelima because of how Raja insulted her. So she sends Neelima's best friend (Nisha and her sister Nikita) to take revenge on Bhai Raja. The first plan is Nisha will have a friend bring liquid into the house and spray it on Raja knowing that Raja won't like it and will bring up a big scene but Neelima stands up for him and the plan goes totally flop. So Nisha meets Neelima's grandmother at a swimming pool Raja and Neelima are there too because Raja's friend was going to meet them there. They see Nisha they are just about to go to her table when they meet Raja's friend. Nisha rushes home. Ambar and Nikita have just come home from shopping buying everyone gifts and Gunjan (Raja's Younger sister) wears western clothing but everyone except Neelima laughs. Neelima make Gunjan happy. The only reason Gunjan wants to be like Nikita is that Ambar likes Nikita but Gunjan likes him and Ambar hates her. Then Gunjan curls her hair and wears western when Fatima Bi starts yelling at her but Neelima tells Fatima Bi that every girl wants to do all this so let her and Neelima gives her a makeup set. Nisha is watching everything. Nisha calls Nikita she's at a club with Ambar and Nikita is just faking to love Ambar. They eventually leave after Neelima finds out Nikki was working with Aryan to get information on the family.

Amber and Gunjan one night slept together which resulted in Gunjan becoming pregnant. At this point in the story, Raja Amber and Nandini's father has come back into the picture after a long absence. He instigates Amber into hating Gunjan. After everyone in the family discovers what happened between the two of them, Raja gets Amber and Gunjan married. But Amber vows to Gunjan that he will never love her. As time goes on, he still won't come close to Gunjan and she is unhappy but won't say anything because she knows it will hurt the family.

After a failed attempt at marriage again, Nandini is now married to her friend Prince. Nobody was happy at first about this secret wedding, but then everyone deals with it and eventually become okay with it. Meanwhile, Price's older sister, Kadambari, is only interested in the fact that Nandini comes from a wealthy family; and so she wants Balraj's money. She makes side comments to Nandini saying how they are poor and how she doesn't have any money so she can make Nandini feel bad. Kadambari burned down her own house so she could go live with Raja and live the life of a rich woman. No matter how much she tries, Kadambari still doesn't get what she wants.

Nandini and her in-laws are still living with Raja and have said they will stay there permanently. Neelima is now pregnant and Raja is adamant about giving their firstborn to Nandini who was left barren from an accident. Nandini keeps telling Raja she does not want to have their child because she knows Neelima does not want to give her child up. This issue is creating a big problem in the house until we find out Nandini is "pregnant". Everyone in the family is so happy because three children will be born in their house.

Before Nandini announces she is "pregnant" she had discussed the option of [[surrogacy]] with Prince who was against the idea. Nandini had said that was the only way to keep the family happy and to stop Raja from giving his child to her. Nandini couldn't find a surrogate right away so she announces that she is pregnant. Although everyone thinks it is a miracle, the truth is she [[lied]] to she could have some time to find a surrogate. No one knows this except Prince. Now Nellima is in a coma after fighting over something. A five-year leap happens Pari Nelima's daughter thinks that Nandini is her mother and Prince is her father.

BR says he will meet Neelima and comes home. Everyone else leaves. BR tells Neelima that he is in a dilemma since Prince is getting such a big opportunity and on the other hand Pari and Nandini will have to go with him. What should he do? He gets a flash where Neelima had told him that she would want her child to get the love of both her parents. BR comes back to see Nandini feeding pari, how she takes care of her. BR is in his room and thinks about how will he separate from Nandini as well. We see that Nandini and prince are packing, and then they meet everyone and leave for Dubai. Pari comes and asks BR where they are going. BR says Dubai, Pari runs after Nandini and Prince who are in the car. BR follows. Pari has an accident. BR comes out of the nightmare. Prince is talking on the phone and saying that he cannot go to Dubai because of some family problems. BR says he will go to Dubai. BR convinces prince and Nandini to go. Prince says that, but he has to go for three years. BR and Nandini are shocked.

== Cast ==
* [[Ayub Khan (actor)|Ayub Khan]] as Balraj Thakur "Bhai Raja" (elder brother of Nandini and Amber)
* [[Nupur Joshi]] as Rajnandini (Nandini) Thakur / Rajnandini (Nandini) Prince Mathur (younger sister of Balraj and Amber; Prince's wife)
* [[Faisal Raza Khan]] as Aryan (Neelima's brother)
* Kartik Sabharwal / Rahul Lohani as Prince Mathur (Kadambari's younger brother; Nandini's husband)
* Sharhaan Singh as Amber Thakur (Balraj and Nandini's younger brother; Gunjan's husband)
* [[Baby Farida|Farida Dadi]] as Fatima (like a mother to Balraj, Nandini, and Amber; Gunjan's mother)
* [[Ami Trivedi]] as Mukti (will be the surrogate mother of Nandini and Prince's child, prostitute)
* [[Aastha Chaudhary]] / Shweta Rastogi as Gunjan Amber Thakur (Fatima's daughter; Amber's wife)
* Monalika Bhonsle as Neelima Balraj Thakur (Balraj's wife; Aryan's elder sister)
* Sanjay Swaraj as Mr. Thakur (father of Balraj, Nandini and Amber)
* [[Vaishnavi Mahant]] as Mrs. Thakur (mother of Balraj, Nandini and Amber)
* Rajeeta Kochar as Dadi (Neelima and Aryan's grandmother)
* [[Aashish Kaul]] as Sujeet (Kadambari's husband)
* [[Supriya Shukla]] as Kadambari Mathur (Sujeet's wife; Prince's elder sister)
* [[Karishma Randhawa]] as Nisha (Neelima's ex-friend, Nikita's elder sister )
* Monaz Mevawala as Nikita (Nisha's younger sister)

== External links ==
* [http://www.zee-tv.com/Zee_Serial.aspx?zsid=84 Official Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206213003/http://zee-tv.com/Zee_Serial.aspx?zsid=84 |date=6 February 2009 }}

[[Category:2007 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2009 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:Zee TV original programming]]

Borawal

2025-09-19T04:48:16Z

DigitalKush: put up first stub w/ infobox

{{more citations needed|date=January 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Borawal
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Gurdwara Shaheed Baba Dharam Singh Sekhon.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Gurdwara Shaheed Baba Dharam Singh Sekhon, a landmark of Borawal
| pushpin_map = India Punjab#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| coordinates = {{coord|29.995901|N|75.543108|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mansa district, Punjab|Mansa]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 1198
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = Naruto
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 11.55
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 213
| population_total = 3950
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 151502
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| area_code = 01652-283xxx}}
'''Borawal''' (ਬੋੜਾਵਾਲ) also in records written as '''Borewal''' is a village in [[Budhlada]] tehsil of [[Mansa district, Punjab|Mansa district]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.punjabdata.com/Villages-In-Mansa.aspx|title=Villages In Mansa, Mansa Villages List, List of villages in Mansa district|website=www.punjabdata.com|access-date=2020-01-05}}</ref> in the Indian state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. It is on Budhlada - Bhikhi road. The village has a very large pond, three ''gurdwaras'', and C-pet camp. Welfare clubs such as U Meed and Saheed Udam Singh are present.

==History==
According to historians, Borawal came into existence in the early or mid-thirteenth century. Pt. Kartar Singh Dakha wrote in 1945 that "In the town of Borawal in [[Patiala]] Raaj, there lives the Braveheart [[Sekhon]] people from 700 years ago" ({{langx|pa|ਕਸਬਾ ਬੋੜਾਵਾਲ ਜੋ ਵਿੱਚ ਪਟਿਆਲੇ ਰਾਜ। ਬਸੈ ਸਾਤ ਸੌ ਬਰਸ ਤੇ ਸਭ ਸੇਖਮ ਸਿਰਤਾਜ।।}}).{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}

=== The big pond ===
On Budhlada Bhikhi road is a big pond in the village. It is the creation of greed for good clay. This area around a small pond was used by farmers to thrash their produce, winter crops (ਹਾੜੀ )mainly wheat, gram, mustard and barley etc. and summer crops (ਸੌਣੀ) Bajra, Juwar, maize, guara, moong etc. When trashing became mechanical, the area became vacant. The soil of the area was black hard good clay. People started digging and using it for pottery, thatching roofs, plastering mud walls and floors and big pits were formed. Even some people started selling it nearby towns and villages. Over time small pond changed to a big pond or lake.

==Demographics==
Borawal has a population of 3950 of which 2112 are males and 1838 are females, as per Population Census 2011.<ref name=Census2011>{{Cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/36069-borawal-punjab.html|title=Borawal Village Population - Budhlada - Mansa, Punjab|website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref> In Borawal village, 403 children aged under 6 live,{{clarify|date=December 2019}} making up 10.20% of the total. The average sex ratio is 870 which is lower than the Punjab state average of 895. The child sex ratio for the Borawal as per the census is 824, lower than the Punjab average of 846.

Borawal village has a lower literacy rate than Punjab. In 2011, the literacy rate was 55.79% compared to 75.84% of Punjab. Male literacy stands at 59.65% while female literacy rate is 51.39%.

== Governance ==
Borawal village is administrated by [[Sarpanch]] (head of village), who is the elected representative of the village.{{citation needed|date=January 2016}}

{{bar box|width = 300px
|barwidth = 250px |cellpadding="0"
|title=Religion in Borawal<ref name=Census2011 />
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|#FF6600|95.10}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|#FFFF00|4.43}}
{{bar percent|Others|#009000|0.47}}}}

==Culture==
Borawal is known for its rich cultural and religious heritage.

== Education ==
Government primary school in the village was constructed and started in 1955 and master Mehar Chand from Budhlada was the first teacher. For a few years earlier to it a single teacher taught students in Dharmshala near the Mitha Khooh and before that education was given by some pundits or dera pujaries in the village or one had to go to nearby towns for education. The school was upgraded from time to time and is now High School. Its buildings and grounds cover the two old Deras, and deep pond which was filled mainly by levelling the Deras.

==Gurdwara Shaheed Baba Dharam Singh Sekhon==
Located about one and half kilometer from the Bus Stand and almost equidistance from Borawal, Gurne Kalan and Biroke Khurad is a historical Sikh ''Gurdwara'' named Dharmeana (ਧਰਮੇਆਣਾ) It is built on the place where Shaheed Baba Dharam Singh Sekhon fought with the slaughterers of cows, in spite of cutting down his head. He continued swaying his sword and remained in the saddle of his horse he was riding even when his head dropped to the ground at this place. The horse trotted towards the village and his torso dropped near the village, about one and half kilometer from where he was fighting. This place is named '''Baba Marh''' (ਬਾਬਾ ਮੱੜ੍ਹ) and a gurudwara has been built here too.
[[File:Darwaza Baar, Borawal.jpg|thumb|Darwaza Baar, Borawal]]

===Darwaza Baar===
It is one of two gates that were used to protect the town from foreign invaders. It is the one remaining. None of the houses on the periphery had door to the outside all houses opened in the streets leading to these gates. These were closed in an emergency. When peace returned people made more ways leading to outside. One on the south side was called morebar (ਮੋਰੇ ਬਾਰ)

===Haveli Of Maharaja Hira Singh===
The haveli of [[Maharaja Hira Singh]], the ruler of Nabha state in Punjab, was located in the middle of Borawal but is now in shambles. Borawal was the maternal ancestral village of [[Maharaja Hira Singh]] who ascended the Nabha throne in the absence of any direct descendant of Raja Bhagwan Singh who died young from tuberculosis in 1871. Many persons from Borawal were then employed in Nabha State by Hira Singh.

===Khaara Khoo and Mittha Khoo===
Two wells (Punjabi: ਖੂਹ) are located there. The Khaara Khoo (ਖਾਰਾ ਖੂਹ) is saline, and the Mittha Khoo (ਮਿੱਠਾ ਖੂਹ) has drinkable water. These preserved wells are no longer in use.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Mansa district}}

[[Category:Villages in Mansa district, India]]

Sekhar Kammula

2025-09-16T17:21:46Z

DigitalKush: fixed issues

{{short description | Indian film director, screenwriter and producer}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sekhar Kammula
| image = Shekhar Kammula.jpg
| caption = Kammula in 2017
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1972|2|4|df=yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hymavathi|first=Ravali|date=2020-02-04|title=Happy Birthday Shekar Kammula: First Look Poster Of NC20|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/happy-birthday-shekar-kammula-first-look-poster-of-nc20-602497|access-date=2020-12-02|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Priceless Gesture! GHMC sanitation workers show their gratitude towards Sekhar Kammula|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/priceless-gesture-ghmc-sanitation-workers-show-their-gratitude-towards-sekhar-kammula/articleshow/75715364.cms|access-date=2020-12-02|website=The Times of India|date=13 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Eluru]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| alma_mater = [[Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology ]] (B.Tech) [[Rutgers University]] (M.S) [[Howard University]] (M.F.A)
| occupation = {{hlist|Film director|screenwriter|producer}}
| spouse = Sri Vidya
| awards = [[Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director|National Film Award]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.sekharkammula.in}}
| yearsactive = 1999–present
}}
'''Sekhar Kammula''' (born 4 February 1972) is an Indian film director, screenwriter and producer who works in [[Telugu cinema]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Sangeetha Devi Dundoo |url=http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/article3754204.ece |title=Life & Style : Return to innocence |work=The Hindu|date=12 August 2012 |access-date=18 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Sekhar-Kammula-supports-Samantha/articleshow/28008864.cms |title=Sekhar Kammula supports Samantha |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230041720/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-12-27/news-interviews/45625585_1_film-poster-samantha-nenokkadine |archive-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> He has garnered two [[Filmfare Awards South]], and six state [[Nandi Awards]] for his directional works.<ref name="Kammula">{{cite news|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2007082350180400.htm&date=2007/08/23/&prd=mp& |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110115161003/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2007082350180400.htm&date=2007/08/23/&prd=mp& |url-status=usurped |archive-date=15 January 2011 |title=Kammula |access-date=18 September 2012}}</ref> Sekhar Kammula was among the director's delegation to represent [[South Indian Cinema]] at the [[2011 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Prashanth Bhat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/Sekhar-Kammula-at-Cannes/etarticleshow/8247055.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104212944/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-12/news-interviews/29532704_1_cannes-film-festival-telugu-film-nfdc |url-status=live |archive-date=4 January 2014 |title=Sekhar Kammula at Cannes |date=12 May 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=18 September 2012}}</ref>

A [[Master of Science]] and [[Master of Fine Arts]] holder from [[Rutgers University]] and [[Howard University]] respectively, Sekhar Kammula made his directorial debut with the [[Independent film|independent]] film ''[[Dollar Dreams (film)|Dollar Dreams]]'' (2000), which won him the [[Indira Gandhi Award for Best First Film of a Director|National Film Award for Best First film of a director]]. The film was also screened at the [[International Film Festival of India]].<ref name="47thawardPDF">{{cite web |title=47th National Film Awards |url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/47th_nff_2000.pdf |access-date=13 March 2012 |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]}}</ref> Kammula went onto direct critically and commercially successful Telugu films ''[[Anand (2004 film)|Anand]]'' (2004), ''[[Godavari (2006 film)|Godavari]]'' (2006), ''[[Happy Days (2007 film)|Happy Days]]'' (2007), [[Leader (2010 film)|''Leader'']] (2010), ''[[Fidaa]]'' (2017), ''[[Love Story (2021 film)|Love Story]]'' (2021), and ''[[Kuberaa]]'' (2025).

== Early life and education==
Sekhar Kammula was born in [[Eluru]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] and brought up in [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]].<ref>{{Cite AV media|title=Alitho Saradaga {{!}} Sekhar Kammula (Director) {{!}} 12th April 2021 {{!}} Full Episode {{!}} ETV Telugu|people=[[Ali (actor)|Ali]], Sekhar Kammula|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FHLepbxu1ZA&t=4m18s|access-date=12 April 2021|date=12 April 2021|publisher=[[ETV Telugu]]}}</ref> He graduated in Mechanical Engineering from [[Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology]], and completed his Masters M.S from [[Rutgers University]] in [[Computer science education|Computer Science]] in the U.S. He worked in the IT industry for about 3 years and then joined a film school and got his [[Master of Fine Arts|M.F.A]] (Film) degree at [[Howard University]], Washington D.C. During this time he worked on a number of films (short and feature length) in the U.S.<ref>{{cite web |title=Telugu Cinema interview - Sekhar Kammula - Telugu film director |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/inter_sekharkammula.html |website=idlebrain.com |access-date=22 January 2019}}</ref>

== Film career ==
Kammula made his film directorial debut with the independent film ''[[Dollar Dreams (film)|Dollar Dreams]]'' (2000), shot in both Telugu and English which was a critical success, and won him the [[Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director|National Film Award for Best First film of a director]]. The film was screened at the [[International Film Festival of India]].<ref name="47thawardPDF"/>

His second film, ''[[Anand (2004 film)|Anand]]'' (2004) was a commercial success and was among highest grossing Telugu films of that year.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2004-12-31|title=Year 2004 — a flashback|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/year-2004-a-flashback/article28578111.ece|access-date=2020-12-03|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> His next film, ''[[Godavari (2006 film)|Godavari]]'' (2006), was highly praised by critics but barely managed to break even commercially.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}} However, over the years, both ''Anand'' and ''Godavari'' have gained a huge cult following and are considered to be two of the greatest Telugu films ever made.

In 2007, his directed ''[[Happy Days (2007 film)|Happy Days]]'' which depicted the regular college life of engineering students. The film was very successful, especially among the urban youth of then [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ganeshan|first=Balakrishna|date=2020-05-23|title='Happy Days': Revisiting a Telugu film that depicted something close to college life|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/happy-days-revisiting-telugu-film-depicted-something-close-college-life-125142|access-date=2020-12-03|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref> The film was later remade in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Kannada]] languages.

He then directed the [[political drama]] [[Leader (2010 film)|''Leader'']], which released in 2010 to positive reviews. However, like ''Godavari'', it too barely managed to break-even. [[Rediff.com]] noted that "If anything, the film is a wish-list of what one would like to see in the arena of politics, which Sekhar should be lauded for even trying."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rajamani|first=Radhika|title=Review: Leader comes at the right time|url=https://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/feb/19/south-telugu-movie-review-leader.htm|access-date=2020-12-03|website=Rediff|language=en}}</ref> Many considered it to be way ahead of its time at release, but the film has managed to acquire a huge cult following and stay relevant during political elections, especially in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.

In 2012, Kammula written, produced and directed [[Life Is Beautiful (2012 film)|''Life Is Beautiful'']], his first production venture. The film had a positive reception from critics and audience.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}} [[Firstpost]] called the film a revamped version of ''Happy Days'' (2007) and noted similarities between the characters written by Kammula in both the films.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-09-15|title='Life Is Beautiful' - 2012 version of 'Happy Days' (Telugu Movie Review) |url=https://www.firstpost.com/fwire/life-is-beautiful-2012-version-of-happy-days-telugu-movie-review-457314.html|access-date=2020-12-03|website=Firstpost}}</ref> Later in 2014, he directed ''[[Anaamika]]'', the Telugu remake of the 2012 Hindi cult blockbuster, ''[[Kahaani]]'', in which [[Nayantara]] portrayed the original character of [[Vidya Balan]]. It opened to mixed reviews and was considered to be inferior to the original, eventually failing commercially.

In 2017, his romantic comedy film ''[[Fidaa]]'', starring [[Varun Tej]] and [[Sai Pallavi]], opened to highly positive reviews and grossed over {{INR}}90 [[crore]] worldwide at the [[box office]]. Many considered it to be a return-in-form film for him.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hooli|first=Shekhar H.|date=2017-12-17|title=Tollywood in 2017: 15 highest grossing Telugu movies of the year - Baahubali 2, Khaidi No 150, JLK, DJ and others|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/tollywood-2017-15-highest-grossing-telugu-movies-year-baahubali-2-khaidi-no-150-jlk-dj-753526|access-date=2020-12-03|website=www.ibtimes.co.in|language=en}}</ref> In 2021, Kammula's Telugu film, [[Love Story (2021 film)|''Love Story'']], starring [[Naga Chaitanya]] and Sai Pallavi was released to mixed reviews and ended up becoming an above-average grosser at the box-office.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-09-07|title=Sekhar Kammula resumes filming 'Love Story'|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sekhar-kammula-and-naga-chaitanya-resume-filming-love-story/article32542473.ece|access-date=2020-12-03|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In 2025, his social thriller ''[[Kuberaa]]'', featuring Tamil star [[Dhanush]], [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]], and [[Rashmika Mandanna]] in the primary roles, opened to highly positive reviews and became the highest-grossing film of his career.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2024-02-01 |title=Nagarjuna to play a grey shaded role in 'DNS!' |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/nagarjuna-to-play-a-grey-shaded-role-in-dns-855656 |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Film directorial style ==
Sekhar Kammula’s films often focus on the relationship between men and women in their routine life circumstances filled with both happiness and hardships. Sankeertana Varma of ''[[Film Companion]]'' calls film portrayal of his female characters as somewhat "special." She writes that they aren't particular "strong women" but they are real. Varma adds that though his female characters display their egos and throw tantrums, they are unbreakable and refuse to fit in the typical societal norms expected from a normal woman.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Varma|first=Sankeertana|date=2021-09-16|title=What Makes Sekhar Kammula Unique In Telugu Cinema|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/telugu-features/sekhar-kammula-movies-love-story-what-makes-unique-in-telugu-cinema-leader-happy-days-dollar-dreams/|website=[[Film Companion]]}}</ref> Kammula himself has also stated that he likes to keep his characters grounded, including the men in his films, and not commercialize them for improving the commercial prospect of his films.

==Filmography==
[[File:Sekhar Kammula (Director).jpg|thumb|Kammula at Cinivaram, [[Ravindra Bharathi]] in 2017]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! rowspan="2" style="width:10px;" style="text-align:center;"| Year
! rowspan="2" style="width:120px;" | Film
! rowspan="2" style="width:10px;" style="text-align:center;"| Language
! colspan="3" |Credited as
! rowspan="2" style="width:200px;" | Notes
|-
! width="65" | Director
! style="width:65px;" | Writer
! width=65 | Producer
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2000 || ''[[Dollar Dreams]]'' || style="text-align:center;"|[[Telugu language|Telugu]] [[English language|English]]
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|Directorial debut, Bilingual film
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2004 || ''[[Anand (2004 film)|Anand]]'' || rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;" | Telugu
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|Also choreographer
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2006 || ''[[Godavari (2006 film)|Godavari]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2007 || ''[[Happy Days (2007 film)|Happy Days]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|Also choreographer
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2008 || ''[[Avakai Biryani]]''
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2010 || ''[[Leader (2010 film)|Leader]] ''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2012 || ''[[Life Is Beautiful (2012 film)|Life Is Beautiful]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2014
| ''[[Anaamika]]'' || style="text-align:center;" | Telugu [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|{{yes}}
|{{partial|Screenplay}}
|{{no}}
| Released in Tamil as ''Nee Enge En Anbe, Bilingual film''
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || ''[[Fidaa]]'' || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Telugu
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2021
| ''[[Love Story (2021 film)|Love Story]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 2025
|''[[Kuberaa]]''
|style="text-align:center;"|Telugu Tamil
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|Bilingual film
|}

; Cameo appearances
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Dollar Dreams (film)|Dollar Dreams]]'' || Co-passenger to Srinu ||
|-
| 2004 || [[Anand (2004 film)|''Anand'']] || Auto driver || <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=17 January 2017|title=Shekar Kammula's cameo in Varun's Mukunda?|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/shekar-kammulas-cameo-in-varuns-mukunda/articleshow/45564976.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Godavari (2006 film)|Godavari]]'' || Kotigadu (voice) || <ref>{{cite web |title=Postmortem - Godavari by Sekhar Kammula |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/postmortem/godavari.html |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Avakai Biryani]]'' || Hotel customer ||
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Mukunda]]'' || Bus traveller ||<ref name=":0" />
|}

=== Recurring collaborations ===
This list only concerns Sekhar Kammula's directorial films.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"
|+ List of Sekhar Kammula recurring collaborations
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;"
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | [[Vijay C. Kumar]]
! scope="col" | [[Marthand K. Venkatesh]]
! scope="col" | [[Anish Kuruvilla]]
! scope="col" | [[Satya Krishnan]]
! scope="col" | [[K. M. Radha Krishnan]]
! scope="col" | [[Kamalinee Mukherjee]]
! scope="col" | [[Mickey J. Meyer]]
! scope="col" | [[C. V. L. Narasimha Rao]]
! scope="col" | [[Tanikella Bharani]]
! scope="col" | [[Harshvardhan Rane]]
|-
|''[[Dollar Dreams]]'' (2000) || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
| ||
|||
|
|
|-
|''[[Anand (2004 film)|Anand]]'' (2004) || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
| {{yes}} || {{yes}}
| ||
|
|
|-
|''[[Godavari (2006 film)|Godavari]]'' (2006) || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{partial|Executive producer}} ||
| {{yes}} || {{yes}}
||| {{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|''[[Happy Days (2007 film)|Happy Days]]'' (2007) || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || ||
| || {{partial|Cameo}}
| {{yes}}
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Leader (2010 film)|Leader]]'' (2010) || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || ||
| ||
| {{yes}}
|
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|''[[Life Is Beautiful (2012 film)|Life Is Beautiful]]'' (2012) || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || ||
| ||
| {{yes}} ||{{yes}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[Anaamika|Anaamika / ''Nee Enge En Anbe'']]'' (2014) || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || ||
| ||
||| {{yes}}
|
|{{yes}}
|-
| ''[[Fidaa]]'' (2017) || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || ||
| ||
|||
|
| {{partial|Cameo}}
|-
| ''[[Love Story (2021 film)|Love Story]]'' (2021) || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || ||
| ||
|||
|
|
|-
| ''[[Kuberaa]]'' (2025) || || || ||
| ||
|||
|
|
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Awards
!Category
!Film
!Result
|-
|[[47th National Film Awards|1999]]
|[[National Film Awards]]
|[[Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director|Best Debut Film of a Director]]
|''[[Dollar Dreams]]''
|{{won}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |2004
| rowspan="2" |[[Nandi Awards]]
|[[Nandi Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
|rowspan=4|''[[Anand (2004 film)|Anand]]''
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Nandi Award for Best Feature Film#Rajata (Silver) Nandi|Second Best Film]]
|{{won}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[52nd Filmfare Awards South|2005]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Telugu|Best Film]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu|Best Director]]
|{{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Nandi Awards of 2006|2006]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Nandi Awards]]
|[[Nandi Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
|rowspan=3|''[[Godavari (2006 film)|Godavari]]''
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Nandi Award for Best Feature Film#Rajata (Silver) Nandi|Second Best Film]]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[54th Filmfare Awards South|2006]]
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu|Best Director]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|2007
|[[Nandi Awards]]
|[[Nandi Award for Best Feature Film#Rajata (Silver) Nandi|Best Film - Silver]]
| rowspan="7" |''[[Happy Days (2007 film)|Happy Days]]''
|{{won}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[55th Filmfare Awards South|2008]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Telugu|Best Film]]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu|Best Director]]
|{{won}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |2008
| rowspan="4" |[[CineMAA Awards]]
|Best Film
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Director
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Story
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Screenplay
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Nandi Awards of 2009|2009]]
|[[Nandi Awards]]
|[[Nandi Award for Best Story Writer|Best Story Writer]]
| rowspan="3" |''[[Leader (2010 film)|Leader]]''
|{{won}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[58th Filmfare Awards South|2010]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Telugu|Best Film]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu|Best Director]]
|{{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[65th Filmfare Awards South|2018]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Telugu|Best Film]]
|rowspan=3|''[[Fidaa]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu|Best Director]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|2018
|[[Zee Cine Awards Telugu]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hooli|first=Shekhar H.|date=2018-01-01|title=Zee Telugu Golden Awards 2017 winners list and photos|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/zee-telugu-golden-awards-2017-winners-list-photos-755196|access-date=2020-06-15|website=International Business Times, India Edition|language=en}}</ref>
| Best Director
|{{won}}
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|id=2289322|name=Sekhar Kammula}}
*http://www.amigoscreations.com/

{{Sekhar Kammula}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestTeluguDirector}}
{{Nandi Award for Best Director}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kammula, Shekhar}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Telugu film directors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:Howard University alumni]]
[[Category:Rutgers University alumni]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]
[[Category:Film directors from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Telugu screenwriters]]
[[Category:Telugu film producers]]
[[Category:Film producers from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Director whose film won the Best Debut Feature Film National Film Award]]
[[Category:Gaddar Telangana Film Awards winners]]
[[Category:Producers who won the Best Debut Feature Film of a Director National Film Award]]
[[Category:Zee Cine Awards Telugu winners]]
[[Category:CineMAA Awards winners]]
[[Category:People from Eluru]]
[[Category:Writers from West Godavari district]]
[[Category:Indian mechanical engineers]]

Begum Abida Ahmed

2025-09-14T14:39:40Z

DigitalKush: improved content as per guidelines as per guidelines

#REDIRECT [[Abida Ahmed]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Reeta Devi

2025-09-07T17:59:35Z

DigitalKush: revised

'''Reeta Devi''' may refer to:

* [[Reeta Devi (social worker)]]
* [[Reeta Devi (politician)]]

{{hndis|Devi, Reeta}}

Sri Venkatesa Perumal Temple (Melathiruppathi) – Mondipalayam

2025-08-15T11:13:20Z

DigitalKush: brief fixed citations per standard format further

{{morefootnotes|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Sri Venkatesa Perumal Temple
| image = Monper.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = 
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu
| coordinates = {{coord|11.294238|77.164705|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district =
| location = [[Tirupur]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = Sri Venkatesa [[Perumal]]
| festivals=
| architecture = Kongunadu Architecture
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed = 16th Century
| creator =
| website =
}}

'''Sri Venkatesa Perumal Temple (Melathiruppathi) – Mondipalayam''' is counted among the noted [[Vishnu]] temples of Kongunadu. The image of the lord is flat on the four sides and conical in the center. The form was first discovered by one Kondamanaicker around 300 years ago. The devotee once sighted his cow shedding her milk on a sandhill. Induced by curiosity, he dug it, when manifested the image with Conch ([[Shankha|Sanguchakkram]]) and Disc ([[Sudarshan Chakra|Chakkram]]) as well as [[Saligram]] and Chikandi (weapon). Inspired by the divine revolution, he ordered a temple to be built up for Sri Venketachalapathi enshrining the form. Devotees who have taken vows to make offering to the lord of the seven hills can fulfill them in Mondipalayam,<ref>Mondipalayam [http://www.india9.com/i9show/Mondipalayam-49199.htm], India9, Retrieved on 2005-03-07.</ref> in the event of their inability to go to Tirupati.

==Location==

This temple is in [[Tirupur]] District.

It is on the Coimbatore – Sathyamangalam highway, 5 km east of Pasur village on the Annur- Sathy road. It can be reached from [[Tirupur]] (30 km away) through Avinashi. The temple is 27 km from Sathyamangalam through [[Punjai Puliampatti]].

==Devotion==

This temple called Melai Tirupathi, an abode of Sri Venkatesa Perumal (Lord Balaji), sits majestically in the middle of four streets. The "Dwajasthambam" is seen at the entrance. The Bali Peetam and the Kodi Maram (flag post) are seen at the entrance. Further ahead is "Garuda Azhwar" praying to the Lord with folded hands facing the main deity. Ahead is the Maha [[Mandapa]]m and the Ardah Mandapam. On entering, devotees have a spiritual experience hearing the divine words "Om Namo Narayana" in their hearts.

The main deity is in the form of a [[Swayambu]] in the sanctum sanctorum. The Lord "Sri Venkatesa Perumal" facing eastward gives his divine [[Darśana|darshan]] to his devotees. As one continues to pray here, devotees receive the darshan with the blessings of the Lord and experience an inner calm and a flow of divine energy within.

Devotees then come out to the inner "[[Prakaram]]" (corridor) of the temple. Moving clockwise, there is the sannidhi of "Venugopalaswamy" and then a passage having the sannidhi of "Chakrathazhwar" facing east. Coming back to the inner ''[[prakaram]]''(outer courtyard) is the sannidhi of "Anjanaiyar" (Sri [[Hanuman]]). After the darshan of the [[Azhwars]] (the twelve mystic saints), one gets the grace of "Thumbikai Azhwar" (Lord [[Ganesha|Ganesa]]). The sannidhi of "Alamelumangai Thayar" (Goddess [[Lakshmi|Mahalakshmi]]) with the having a graceful smile and bestow blessings with her four hands. The next sannidhi has "[[Andal]]" in a standing posture facing east showering devotees with her blessings. Moving forward we find the idols of Sri Tirupati Venkatachalapathy followed by the ten incarnations ([[Dashavatara]]) of Lord Vishnu and [[Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam|Sri Srirangam]] [[Ranganatha]]r. Across the idols one finds the "Lord’s Lotus feet" (Thiruvadi). The traditional "Swarga Vaasal" which is opened every year on [[Vaikunta Ekadashi]] which is blessed by the sannidhi of "Vaikunta Narayanamurthi" along with his consort "Lakshmi Devi". Finally after the darshan of "Sanishwarar" one can reach the "Kodimaram".

==Moolasthanam==
The main deity Venkatesa Perumal is in the form of Swayambu. The vision of the Lord and his benign presence fill the devotees’ heart with peace and calm. The presiding deity, (Utsava Moorthy) Sri Venkatesa Perumal gives us his darshan along with his consorts, Sri Devi and [[Bhūmi|Bhudevi]].

==Poojas==
Darshan (open to the public) hours are from 6.00 a.m. to 8.00 p.m. On festival days the temple opens at 4.30 a.m.

* Adhikalai Poojai: 6:00 AM
* Ucchikaala Poojai: 12:00
* Saingalam: 6:00 PM

===Thirukalyana Utsavam===
Performing Thirukalyana [[Utsavam]] to the Lord in this temple is considered very special. It is held at the same time (10.30 to 12.00 AM) as the Tirumala Tirupathi temple. The uniqueness is that it is performed as a prayer (Venduthal) by the devotees throughout the year. The wedding ceremony is held amidst recitation of Vedic mantras. It is believed that performing Kalyana Utsavam to the Lord here will bring immense peace and prosperity to the family of the devotees.

===Satyanarayana Puja===
The special pooja is performed every month on full moon day at around 5 PM . The main homam performed for this is the Sudarshana [[homa (ritual)|homam]] which brings immense gratification to the devotees performing it. The Sudarshana Chakra (the discus of the lord) is the one that always protects his devotees. It is the main weapon (astram) adorning Lord Vishnu in [[Dashavatar|all his 10 incarnations]]. The Sudarshana Chakra is the one which is known as the "Chakrathazhwar". Devotees performing this pooja will overcome their difficulties and will be blessed with wealth, prosperity, progeny and happiness in their family.

===Homams===

From time immemorial yagnas or homams are performed by devotees to seek the grace of the Lord and to grant happiness and prosperity to his [[bhakta]]s. A separate enclosure has been constructed at the temple for performing homams. These include

* Sudarshana Homam
* Lakshmi Narasimha Homam
* Lakshmi Hayagrivar Homam

These homams are performed every month (except in the Tamil month of [[Purattasi]]). Further details may be obtained by contacting the temple office.

===Bhajans===

Every month on the 2nd and 4th Saturday (except in the Tamil month of [[Purattasi]]), [[bhajan]]s are performed at the temple. They sing devoutly in praise of Sriman [[Narayana]] and devotees join in the religious fervour. This is followed by annadanam.

===Thirumanjanam (Abhishekam)===

Thirumanjanam is performed for the mail deity (moolavar) on all Saturdays at 7.00 AM and on special days/festivals at the time fixed for the same. Thirumanjanam is performed for all the other deities/Azhwars on the 1st Friday of every Tamil month at about 9.00 AM. Devotees wishing to participate/contribute/donate for the same may contact the temple office.

==Festivals==

===Purattasi festival===

This festival is celebrated with grandeur in the Tamil month of [[Purattasi]] (during September/October months) for six consecutive Saturdays. People converge at the temple from across India and overseas. During these days the temple presents a sea of humanity immersed in [[bhakthi]] for the Lord. These Saturdays at the temple begin as early as 4.00 AM with an "Abhishekam" or "Thiumanjanam" aradhanai for the Lord. The Maha Deeparadhanai is performed at noon. In the evening the Lord is taken along with his consorts Sridevi and Bhudevi on a majestic [[Garuda]] [[vahana]]m around the four streets of the temple in a tastefully decorated floral palanquin (Pushpaka Pallaki). The unique feature of this is the bhaktas fulfilling their vows by carrying an arrow shaped "Meravanai". For generations people have been following this custom where they remit money in the name of their family members and receive this "Meravanai". They accompany the palanquin carrying it.

On these days a special hundi is placed here. It is believed that devotees who wish to make their offerings to Tirupathi Balaji but who are unable visit Tirupathi Tirumala may place their offerings in this hundial to receive His blessings. The entire day is very busy with special programs, bhajans, etc. Annadanam (free feeding), is carried out throughout the day. To facilitate the transportation for pilgrims, several special buses ply from points in and around Coimbatore and nearby places on these days.

===Temple Chariot festival===

This festival commences in the Tamil month of Thai with the Dwajarohana the hoisting of the Garudadwaja (flag with the emblem of black Garuda). Following this, the festival is held for 11 days. The temple chariot is taken around the four streets of the temple on the day of the "punarpoosam" (punarvasa) star. On the evenings of the festival, the Lord and the consorts are taken around the streets of the temple on vahanams (vehicles) such as " Anna Vahanam" (peacock), "Simha Vahanam" ([[Narasimha]]), "Hanumantha Vahanam" ([[Hanuman]]), "Garuda Vahanam" (king of birds), "Pushpaka vimanam", "Yanai Vahanam" ( elephant), "Kudirai Vahanam" (horse), "Sesha Vahanam" ([[Adishesha]] – Lord's serpent). Thirukalyana Uthsavam is performed the day before the car festival and "Theppothsavam" ([[Pushkarni]] or temple tank float) is performed on the day after the car festival. The Garudadwaja is then lowered. The temple wears a very festive look and thousands of devotees shouting "Govinda" throng the temple to participate in this unique festival.

==Other Sannathi in Temple==

Excluding Moolavar and Urchavar, there are Sri Venugopalan Sannathi, Sri Chakrathalwar Sannathi, Sri Anjaneyar Sannathi, Alwargal Sannathi, Sri Thumbikaialwar Sannathi, Sri Mahalakshmi Thayar Sannathi, Sri Andal Sannathi, Dasavatharam Idols, Sri Vaikunta Nathar Sannathi, Sri Saneeswaran Sannathi.

==Management==

Hereditary trustees and officials of the HR and CE department of the government of Tamil Nadu with active support from the devotees manage the activities of the temple.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://venkatesaperumal.com/]: Official Website of Sri Venkatesa Perumal Temple, Mondipalayam
* [http://www.covai.com/temples/mondipalayam.htm]: Coimbatore Website
* [https://venkateshmama.blogspot.com/2009/10/mondipalayam.html]:Blog
* [http://wikimapia.org/13470750/Mondipalayam-perumal-temple]:Wikimap

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sri Venkatesa Perumal Temple (Melathiruppathi) - Mondipalayam}}
[[Category:Hindu temples in Tiruppur district]]
[[Category:Abhimana temples of Vishnu ]]
[[Category:Venkateswara temples]]

National Highway 8D (India, old numbering)

2025-07-29T02:04:13Z

DigitalKush: Made redirect

#REDIRECT [[National Highway 151 (India)]]

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