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Jhanak

2026-05-08T11:53:18Z

Dhwanika Joshi: Creating New Stub

{{Short description|Indian television series}}
{{Long plot|date=October 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox television
| image = JhanakPoster.webp
| creator = [[Leena Gangopadhyay]]
| genre = [[Romance film|Romance]]
| writer = [[Leena Gangopadhyay]] (dialogues)
| screenplay = [[Leena Gangopadhyay]]
| story = [[Leena Gangopadhyay]]
| director = {{ubl|Shaibal Banerjee|Sujit Pyne}}
| creative_director = Garima Dimri
| starring = {{ubl|[[Hiba Nawab]]|[[Krushal Ahuja]]| Chandni Sharma |[[Riya Sharma]]|[[Arjit Taneja]]|[[Twinkle Arora]]|[[Rajveer Singh (actor)|Rajveer Singh]]}}
| theme_music_composer = Debojyoti Mishra
| open_theme =
| end_theme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 900
| executive_producer = Debolina Mukhopadhyay & Arabinda Dasgupta (Magic Moments Motion Pictures) Taniya, Supriyo & Shayak (StarPlus)
| producer = Shaibal Banerjee [[Leena Gangopadhyay]]
| editor = Janak Chauhan
| cinematography = Pankaj Saha
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 40 minutes
| company = [[Magic Moments Motion Pictures]]
| network = [[StarPlus]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2023|11|20|df=yes}}
| last_aired = present
| related = {{ubl|[[Jol Nupur]]|[[Ishti Kutum]]}}
}}
'''''Jhanak''''' is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language television [[drama]] series that premiered on [[StarPlus]] on 20 November 2023 and streams digitally on [[Disney+ Hotstar]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 November 2023 |title=An intriguing promo of the upcoming show Jhanak highlights how main protagonist Jhanak will overcome all the obstacles in life |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/an-intriguing-promo-of-the-upcoming-show-jhanak-highlights-how-main-protagonist-jhanak-will-overcome-all-the-obstacles-in-life/articleshow/104984762.cms |access-date=20 November 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2023 |title=Jhanak: Promo of new serial is out, Watch Hiba Nawab beautifully embracing the sad scene |url=https://news.abplive.com/videos/entertainment/television-jhanak-promo-of-new-serial-is-out-watch-hiba-nawab-beautifully-embracing-the-sad-scene-hot-news-1640460 |access-date=28 December 2023 |website=ABP Live |language=en}}</ref> Produced under [[Magic Moments Motion Pictures]], it is inspired by the [[Star Jalsha]] Bengali series ''[[Jol Nupur]]''. The series originally starred [[Hiba Nawab]] and [[Krushal Ahuja]] in the lead roles.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news |date=18 November 2023 |title=Hiba Nawab and Krushal Ahuja from the show Jhanak give a sneak peek into their on-screen and off-screen bond |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hiba-nawab-and-krushal-ahuja-from-the-show-jhanak-give-a-sneak-peek-about-their-on-screen-and-off-screen-bond/articleshow/105316602.cms |access-date=20 November 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Since June 2025, the show features [[Riya Sharma]] in the titular role as Jhanak (the daughter of Jhanak, previously portrayed by Hiba Nawab), along with [[Arjit Taneja]] and [[Twinkle Arora]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sehgal |first=Chirag |title=Arjit Taneja, Twinkle Arora, and Riya Sharma confirmed as new leads in Jhanak |url=https://www.news18.com/entertainment/movies/television/arjit-taneja-twinkle-arora-and-riya-sharma-confirmed-as-new-leads-in-jhanak-aa-9351056.html |access-date=3 June 2025 |work=News18 |date=24 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref> The second-generation storyline is a loose adaptation of [[Star Jalsha]]'s Bengali series ''[[Ishti Kutum]]''.

The show also featured [[Megha Chakraborty]] as Ishani in a parallel storyline.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 May 2025 |title=Megha Chakraborty joins the cast of Jhanak |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/megha-chakraborty-joins-the-cast-of-jhanak/articleshow/121161767.cms |access-date=18 June 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Following the positive response to Ishani's storyline, it was developed into a standalone series titled ''[[Ishani (TV series)|Ishani]]'', which premiered from 3 July 2025 to 27 October 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=StarPlus to launch Ishani |url=https://www.hotstar.com/in/shows/ishani/1271430239 |website=Disney+ Hotstar |access-date=27 October 2025}}</ref>

==Plot==
===Season 1===
After her mother's death, Jhanak is forced to marry her cousin Arshi's fiancé, Aniruddh, to escape her stalker, Tejas. Although Aniruddh and Arshi have been together for seven years, Jhanak enters their lives under distressing circumstances and begins working as a maid in the Bose household. While some family members treat her kindly, others constantly insult and belittle her. Despite Arshi's presence, Jhanak and Aniruddh grow close and become intimate when he is intoxicated during a trip to Kashmir.

Their secret marriage is later exposed, causing major tension within the family. Though humiliated, Arshi decides to stay. Jhanak moves to Mumbai to pursue her dream of becoming a dancer and later returns, claiming to be pregnant with Aniruddh's child. However, it is later revealed to be a tumour. Aniruddh suffers a heart attack, and Jhanak is presumed dead after being targeted by Srishti and Tejas. She is rescued by Kulbhushan, Brijbhushan's lookalike, and soon learns that Brijbhushan is her biological father. Kulbhushan, with the help of Srishti and Urvashi, had stolen Brijbhushan's identity. Determined to expose them, Jhanak returns disguised as Nutan. During an anniversary celebration, their truth is revealed. Kulbhushan murders Brijbhushan, and Aniruddh, still in love with Jhanak, falsely claims to have cancer to marry her. Upon discovering the truth, a heartbroken Jhanak leaves for Mumbai with Aditya Kapoor.

Kulbhushan's men later kidnap Jhanak, but she manages to escape. Meanwhile, property disputes erupt in the Bose family, and Jhanak ends up in Gujarat disguised as Vihaan's late wife, Avni. She is shocked to discover that Aniruddh is Vihaan's close friend. At a family wedding, Arshi exposes Jhanak's true identity. A marriage is arranged between Jhanak and Vihaan, but she flees before the ceremony.

Jhanak is captured again by Kulbhushan's men but is saved by an elderly couple. She ends up in a red-light area and escapes to a police station, where Choton finds her and brings her back to the Bose house, shocking everyone. During Arshi's baby shower, Srishti publicly apologises and claims to be Jhanak's mother. Later, Jhanak becomes the caretaker of Arshi's baby but continues to face humiliation and abuse from the family. Jhanak eventually learns that Arshi's baby was swapped at birth. During the Holi festival, she exposes the truth and begins searching for the real child. Meanwhile, Laal divorces Bipasha after her father, Sarveshwar, reappears. Bipasha conspires with him to send Jhanak to Banaras.

Jhanak tracks down the man responsible for stealing Arshi's baby and attempts to expose him. Meanwhile, Mimi and Anirban plan their wedding, and a false case is filed against Jhanak. She is arrested, but Aniruddh and Mimi testify in her defence, revealing the constant mental abuse she endured in the Bose household. Inspector Sanjay Sarkar uncovers that several police officers helped Shubho, Tanuja, and Arshi frame Jhanak by suppressing evidence, and exposes this to the court. The judge ultimately dismisses the case due to lack of evidence and clears Jhanak of all charges. Shubho, Tanuja, and Arshi are left humiliated as the truth comes to light, and justice finally prevails for Jhanak.

Later, Arshi meets Siddharth Chatterjee and quickly falls in love with him, while Aniruddh leaves the Bose house to live in a live-in relationship with Jhanak. When Aniruddh learns of Arshi's growing closeness with Siddharth, he insists that Arshi divorce him so that he can marry Jhanak and she can be with Siddharth. The divorce proceedings nearly reach completion, but Siddharth betrays Arshi and elopes with his girlfriend, leaving her devastated. Aniruddh and Jhanak return to the Bose house and begin their wedding preparations. However, on the wedding day, Arshi returns and refuses to grant the divorce. Heartbroken, Jhanak runs away and, on her journey, finds Arshi and Aniruddh's kidnapped daughter, Aditi, affectionately nicknamed "Moon". She rescues her, boards a bus, and meets Parashar, who saves them both from Kulbhushan's goons and takes them to Shimulbuni. Over time, Jhanak and Parashar grow close as he supports her and helps raise Moon as his own daughter.

Although Aniruddh and Arshi remain married, their relationship turns cold and distant. Aniruddh continues to live in the memories of Jhanak, while in Shimulbuni, Parashar becomes a father figure to Moon, and Jhanak raises her as her own child. Unaware of Jhanak's presence in Shimulbuni, Aniruddh arrives there for an office project. The two reunite and share an intimate moment. The next day, Aniruddh hears rumours that Jhanak is Parashar's wife and feels deeply betrayed. Jhanak then reveals the truth—that Moon is actually Aniruddh and Arshi's biological daughter.

Wanting the best for Moon, Jhanak sends her away with Aniruddh to Kolkata despite her heartbreak. Soon after, Jhanak is poisoned in the village and rushed to the hospital by Parashar and the villagers. Aniruddh arrives, learns that Jhanak and Parashar were never married, and decides to marry Jhanak in the village. Parashar, secretly in love with Jhanak, is heartbroken but hides his pain and supports their union.

Aniruddh and Jhanak eventually marry, and Jhanak later reveals that she is pregnant with his child. However, Aniruddh refuses to believe her and accuses Parashar of being the father. Devastated by his mistrust and accusations, Jhanak severs all ties with him, realizing that, Aniruddh is unworthy of her love. The two part ways forever.

===Season 2===
20 Years later, Jhanak has renamed herself Nutan and is raising her and Aniruddh's daughter, Jhanak, affectionately nicknamed "Phool", with love and care. Phool aspires to become a doctor to give her mother a better life. Meanwhile, Arshi and Aniruddh have shifted to [[London]], with the Bose family. A grown-up Aditi, nicknamed "Moon" is now in a relationship, with a police officer, named Rishi Chatterjee.

==Cast==
===Main===
*[[Hiba Nawab]]/[[Parvati Sehgal]] as Jhanak "Nutan" Raina Bhanushali Bose: A dancer; Srishti and Brijbhushan's daughter (2023–2025)/(2025)
*[[Krushal Ahuja]]/[[Sumeet Sachdev]] as Aniruddha "Ani" Bose: Shubhankar and Tanuja's son (2023–2025)/(2025–present)
*Chandni Sharma/[[Ashlesha Sawant]] as Arshi Mukherjee: A dancer; Srishti and Vinayak's daughter (2023–2025)/(2025–present)
*[[Riya Sharma]] as Dr. Jhanak "Phool" Bose Chatterjee: Jhanak and Aniruddha's daughter (2025–present)
*[[Arjit Taneja]]/[[Rajveer Singh (actor)|Rajveer Singh]] as Inspector Rishi Chatterjee: Tanushree and Abhimanyu's son (2025–present)
*[[Twinkle Arora]] as Aditi "Moon" Bose: Arshi and Aniruddha's daughter (2025–present)
**Savi Jain as young Aditi "Moon" Bose (2025)

===Recurring===

===Raina Family===
*[[Shilpa Tulaskar]] as Urvashi Raina: A dancer; Bharat, Laxman and Srishti's sister (2023)
*[[Bharat Kaul]] as Bharat Raina: Srishti, Laxman and Urvashi's brother; Kaushalya's husband; Aarya's father (2023-2024)
*Ekta Sharma as Kaushalya Raina; Bharat's wife; Aarya's mother (2023)
*Anand Sharma as Laxman Raina: Bharat, Srishti and Urvashi's brother; Urmila's husband (2023)
*Neetu Bhatt as Urmila Raina: Laxman's wife (2023)

===Mukherjee family===
*[[Dolly Sohi]] / [[Poorva Gokhale]] / Parinita Seth as Srishti Raina Mukherjee: Urvashi, Bharat and Laxman's sister (2023–2024)/(2024–2025)/(2025)
*Saurabh Agarwal as Vinayak Mukherjee: A scientist; Srishti's second husband (2023–2025)

===Bhanushalis===
*Sanjay Gandhi as
**Brijbhushan Bhanushali: A dance teacher; Kulbhushan's twin brother and rival (2024)
**Kulbhushan Bhanushali/Fake Brijbhushan: Brijbhushan's twin brother and imposter (2023–2025)

===Bose Family===
*[[Kajal Pisal]] as Tanuja Bose: Shubhankar's wife (2023–2025)
*Sachin Verma as Advocate Shubhankar "Shubho" Bose: A dishonest and disgrace lawyer; Amitabh and Arundhati's second son (2023–2025)
*Puneet Panjwani as Rupankar "Choton" Bose:Amitabh and Arundhati's younger son (2023-2025)
*Reena Pimpale as Anjana Bose: Bablu's wife (2023-present)
*Ajay Chakraborty as Bablu Bose: Amitabh and Arundhati's eldest son (2023-present)
*[[Deepali Pansare]] / [[Ankita Sharma]] as Mrinalini "Minu" Ghosh Bose: A school principal; Rupankar's wife (2024–2025)/(2025)
*Srijani Banerjee as [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] Mimi Bose: Tanuja and Shubhankar's elder daughter; Aniruddh and Rumi's sister; Anirban's love interest (2023–2025)
*Meghna Kukreja / Aarshavi Joshi as Rumi Bose: Tanuja and Shubhankar's younger daughter; Aniruddh and Mimi's sister (2023–2024)/(2024–2025)
**Simran Khanna as older Rumi Bose (2025)
*Sunny Sachdeva as Laal Bose: A college professor; Anjana and Bablu's son; Aparajita's brother; Bipasha's estranged ex-husband (2023–2025)
*Patrali Chattopadhyay as Bipasha Jha Bose: Nandini and Sarveshwar's daughter; Laal's estranged ex-wife (2023–2025)
*Madhuri Sanjeev as Arundhati Bose: The insolent and disrespectful matriarch of the Bose family; Amitabh's wife; Bablu, Shubhankar and Rupankar's mother; Aparajita, Laal, Aniruddh, Mimi and Rumi's grandmother; Aditi and Jhanak Chatterjee's great-grandmother (2023–2025)
*[[Prithvi Zutshi]] as Amitabh Bose: The polite and respectful patriarch of the Bose family; Arundhati's husband; Bablu, Shubhankar and Rupankar's father; Aparajita, Laal, Aniruddh, Mimi and Rumi's grandfather; Aditi and Jhanak Chatterjee's great-grandfather (2023–2025)

===Chatterjee Family (Season 1)===
*[[Barsha Chatterjee]] / Chitrapama Banerjee as Anuradha Chatterjee: Pranay's widow; Lalon and Jimli's mother (2024–2025)/(2025)
*Komal Thakur as Jimli Chatterjee: Anuradha and Pranay's daughter; Lalon's sister; Anindo's ex-wife (2024–2025)
*[[Ankita Chakraborty]] as Aparajita "Appu" Bose Chatterjee: An honest famous singer: Bablu and Anjana's daughter; Laal's sister; Lalon's late wife (2023-2025) (dead)
*Bhavya Sachdeva as Lalon Chaterjee: An honest famous singer; Anuradha and Pranay's son;Jimli's brother; Aparajita's widower; Kajol's husband (2024-2025)
*Isha Pandey / Enakshi Ganguly as Kajol Sen Chatterjee: An honest teacher; Jimli and Aparajita's friend; Lalon's friend, one-sided love interest and second wife (2024–2025)/(2025)

===Parekh Family===
*[[Kunal Verma]] as Dr. Vihaan Parekh: Ketki and Mahendranath's youngest son; Bhavesh, Hitesh and Mehek's brother; Avni's widower; Ahaan's father; Aniruddh's friend; Jhanak's fake husband (2025)
*Ahil Sharma as Ahaan Parekh: Avni and Vihaan's son (2025)
*[[Vaishali Thakkar]] as Ketki Parekh: The matriarch of the Parekh family; Mahendranath's wife; Bhavesh, Hitesh, Vihaan and Mehek's mother; Priyanshi, Riddhi and Ahaan's grandmother (2025)
*Muni Jha as Mahendranath Parekh: The patriarch of the Parekh family; Ketki's husband; Bhavesh, Hitesh, Vihaan and Mehek's father; Priyanshi, Riddhi and Ahaan's grandfather (2025)
*Jignesh Joshi as Bhavesh Parekh: Ketki and Mahendranath's eldest son; Hitesh, Vihaan and Mehek's brother; Prachi's husband; Priyanshi's father (2025)
*Piyali Munshi as Prachi Parekh: Bhavesh's wife; Priyanshi's mother (2025)
*Aarya Dharamchand Kumar as Hitesh Parekh: Ketki and Mahendranath's second son; Bhavesh, Vihaan and Mehek's brother; Sejal's husband; Riddhi's father (2025)
*Soniyaa Kaur as Sejal Parekh: Hitesh's wife; Riddhi's mother (2025)
*Rupali Thapa as Mehek Parekh: Ketki and Mahendranath's daughter; Bhavesh, Hitesh and Vihaan's sister (2025)
*Mahi Khan as Priyanshi Parekh: Bhavesh and Prachi's daughter (2025)
*Jia Narigara as Riddhi Parekh: Sejal and Hitesh's daughter (2025)

===Chatterjee Family (Season 2)===
*Jyoti Mukherjee as Tanushree Chatterjee: Abhimanyu's wife; Rishi and Mishti's mother (2025–present)
*[[Ujjwal Rana]] as Abhimanyu Chatterjee: Jyotirmay's younger and Surjeet's elder brother; Tanushree's husband; Rishi and Mishti's father (2025–present)
*Saloni Rathi as Mishti Chatterjee: Tanushree and Abhimanyu's daughter; Rishi's younger sister (2025–present)
*[[Sanjeev Seth]] as Jyotirmay Chatterjee: Patriarch of the Chatterjee family; Abhimanyu and Surjeet's elder brother; Indumati's husband; Dhritiman, Neelu and Putul's father (2025–present)
*Purva Parag as Indumati Chatterjee: Matriarch of the Chatterjee family; Jyotirmay's wife; Dhritiman, Neelu and Putul's mother (2025–present)
*[[Harsha Khandeparkar]] as Putul Chatterjee Mukherjee: Jyotirmay and Indumati's younger daughter; Dhritiman and Neelu's younger sister; Arya's wife (2025–present)
*Astha Agarwal as Neelu Chatterjee: Jyotirmay and Indumati's elder daughter; Dhritiman's younger and Putul's elder sister (2025–2026)
*Anuj Khurana/[[Vishal Nayak]] as Dr. Surjeet Chatterjee: Jyotirmay and Abhimanyu's younger brother; Payal's husband; Kaju and Badam's father (2025–2026)/(2026–present)
*Amita Kulkarni as Payal Chatterjee: Surjeet's wife; Kaju and Badam's mother (2025–present)
*Nandini Karmarkar as Kaju Chatterjee: Surjeet and Payal's daughter; Badam's sister (2025–present)
*Jivansh Gupta as Badam Chatterjee: Surjeet and Payal's son; Kaju's brother (2025–present)
*Shrey Pareek as Dhritiman Chatterjee: Jyotirmay and Indumati's son; Neelu and Putul's elder brother; Rishi's cousin, Sanjhbati's husband (2025–present)
*Amaira Jairath as Sanjhbati Chatterjee: Dhritiman's wife (2025–present)

===Others===
*Rajani Gupta as Radha: Urmila's friend (2023)
*[[Rishi Kaushik]] as Tejas Kumar: A corrupt politician; Jhanak's obsessive lover turned enemy (2023-2024)
*Aneesh sharma as Sarabjit Sen ; Rishi’s Friend
*Satvik Sankhyan as Rahul: Jhanak's college best friend and one-sided love interest (2023-2024)
*Pankaj Bijlani as Dr. Anirban Sen: Mimi's love interest (2024-2025)
*Ajeet Agrawal as Guru Ji: Head of the Ashram; Brijbhushan's friend (2024)
*[[Amit Dolawat]] as Advocate Devashish Roy: Jhanak and Brijbhushan's lawyer (2024)
*Tarun Raj Nihalani as Rudra Pratap Singh: An honest dance teacher; Jhanak's mentor; Pallavi s husband (2024)
*Sanjana Sinha as Pallavi Pratap Singh; Pratap's wife (2024)
*Salman Shaikh as Aditya Kapoor: A famous actor; Jhanak's friend and one sided love interest (2024)
*Saurabh Gumber as Anindo: A fraudster; Jimli's ex–husband (2024)
*[[Piyush Sahdev]] as Siddharth "Sid" Chatterjee: Arshi's ex love interest (2025)
*Gaurav Sharma/[[Sachal Tyagi]] as Anant Kumar Nair "Parashar": an honest tribal leader; Jhanak's helper (2025)/(2025–present)
*Ruchi Tripathi/Puja Sharma as Kanka (2025)/(2025–2026)
* Komal Srivastav as Sakhi: Nutan's friend (2025–present)
*Unknown/Unknown as Bua Ji: Parashar's aunt (2025)/(2025–present)
*Shivam Singh Mandloi as Veer: Parashar's friend (2025)
*Adish Vaidya as Ankush: Indranath's rival; Rishi's kidnapper (2026)
*Rakesh Kukreti as Indranath: A education minister (2026)
* [[Ayush Anand]] / Pulkit Bangia as Kaushik Mitra: Mr. Mitra and Gopa's son; Aditi's fiancé (2026)/(2026–present)
*Mridula Oberoi as Gopa Mitra: Mr. Mitra's wife; Kaushik's mother (2026)
*Krishna Soni as Mr. Mitra: Gopa's husband; Kaushik's father (2026)
*Arham Abbasi as Arya Mukherjee: Putul's husband (2026–present)
* [[Sumit Bhardwaj]] as Dr. Ayushmaan: Jhanak Chatterjee's boss (2026–present)

===Guests===
*Neha Harsora as Sailee Jadhav Deshmukh from ''[[Udne Ki Aasha]]'' (2024; 2025)
*[[Rutuja Bagwe]] as Vaijayanti "Vaiju" to promote ''[[Maati Se Bandhi Dor]]'' (2024)
*[[Kumar Sanu]] as himself (2024)
*Sonakshi Batra as Meghla Sen from ''[[Iss Ishq Ka Rabb Rakha]]'' (2024; 2025)
*Shreya Jain as Adrija Sen to promote ''[[Iss Ishq Ka Rabb Rakha]]'' (2024)
*Vaibhavi Hankare as Tejaswini Chavan from ''[[Ghum Hai Kisikey Pyaar Meiin]]'' (2025)
*Khushi Dubey as Gauri from ''[[Jaadu Teri Nazar – Daayan Ka Mausam]]'' (2025)
*Shritama Mitra as Anjali Awasthi from ''[[Advocate Anjali Awasthi]]'' (2025)
*[[Param Singh (actor)|Param Singh]] as Neelkant Pradhan from ''[[Ghum Hai Kisikey Pyaar Meiin]]'' (2025)
*[[Megha Chakraborty]] as Ishani Sengupta from ''Ishani'' (2025)
*Akshat Jain as Brijesh Singh from ''Ishani'' (2025)
*Anupam Bhattacharya as Shashwat Sengupta from ''Ishani'' (2025)
*[[Aasiya Kazi]] as Nandini Mitra Sengupta from ''Ishani'' (2025)
*[[Richa Rathore]] as Pihu Sengupta from ''Ishani'' (2025)
*Tanmay Nagar as Yash Sengupta from ''Ishani'' (2025)
*Sneha Bhawsar as Ankita Ghosh from ''Ishani'' (2025)
*[[Shresth Kumar]] as Jeet from ''Ishani'' (2025)
*Anuradha Paudwal as herself (2026)

==Production==
===Development===
''Jhanak'' is produced by Leena Gangopadhyay and Saibal Banerjee under [[Magic Moments Motion Pictures]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2023 |title=Krushal-Hiba's Jhanak: Not a remake! In Leena's Hindi serial, hero Krushal, villain Rishi Kaushik! Shooting started in Kolkata |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/krushal-ahuja-paired-opposite-hiba-nawab-in-leena-gangopadhyays-next-hindi-mega-jhanak-for-star-plus-31693564861869.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901115924/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/krushal-ahuja-paired-opposite-hiba-nawab-in-leena-gangopadhyays-next-hindi-mega-jhanak-for-star-plus-31693564861869.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 September 2023 |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=Hindustantimes Bangla |language=bn}}</ref> It is inspired from ''[[Jol Nupur]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2023-11-20 |title=Ahead of Jhanak's television premiere, Krushal Ahuja, aka Aniruddh gives a glimpse of Jhanak's journey; says, "Audience will witness the journey of trio and the complexities of emotions and relationships" : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/ahead-jhanaks-television-premiere-krushal-ahuja-aka-anirudh-gives-glimpse-jhanaks-journey-says-audience-will-witness-journey-trio-complexities-emotions/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-05 |title=An intriguing promo of the upcoming show Jhanak highlights how main protagonist Jhanak will overcome all the obstacles in life |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/an-intriguing-promo-of-the-upcoming-show-jhanak-highlights-how-main-protagonist-jhanak-will-overcome-all-the-obstacles-in-life/articleshow/104984762.cms |access-date=2023-12-28 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

===Casting===
[[Hiba Nawab]] was cast in the titular role of Jhanak.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2023 |title=After Woh Toh Hai Albelaa, Hiba Nawab returns with a new show 'Jhanak' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/after-woh-toh-hai-albelaa-hiba-nawab-returns-with-a-new-show-jhanak/articleshow/104530945.cms |access-date=20 November 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jhanak EXCLUSIVE: Hiba Nawab on show completing 100 episodes: I wish someday we top the TRP chart |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/jhanak-exclusive-hiba-nawab-on-show-completing-100-episodes-i-wish-someday-we-top-the-trp-chart-1282268%3famp |access-date=28 February 2024 |website=Pinkvilla |archive-date=28 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228115233/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/jhanak-exclusive-hiba-nawab-on-show-completing-100-episodes-i-wish-someday-we-top-the-trp-chart-1282268?amp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Krushal Ahuja was cast as Aniruddha Bose opposite Hiba Nawab.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 November 2023 |title=Krushal Ahuja on his show Jhanak, says 'Audience will witness the journey of Jhanak, Anirudh, Arshi and the complexities of emotions and relationships' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/the-audience-will-witness-the-journey-of-jhanak-which-includes-anirudh-arshi-and-the-complexities-of-emotions-and-relationships-shares-krushal-ahuja-aka-anirudh-from-jhanak-as-the-show-is-set-to-air-from-today/articleshow/105362495.cms |access-date=28 December 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Chandni Sharma was cast as Arshi, the parallel lead.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=14 November 2023 |title=Ahead of Jhanak going on air, Chandni Sharma express excitement; reveals she was the 'last' to be cast on the show |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/ahead-jhanak-going-air-actresses-hiba-nawab-chandni-sharma-express-excitement-chandni-reveals-last-cast-show/ |access-date=20 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Chandni Sharma, aka Arshi gives an insight into her character in Jhanak, says "We are both ambitious and passionate about dance" |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/chandni-sharma-aka-arshi-gives-an-insight-into-her-character-in-jhanak-says-we-are-both-ambitious-and-passionate-about-dance/articleshow/105234013.cms |access-date=28 December 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> [[Dolly Sohi]] was cast as Arshi's mother Srishti,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dolly Sohi makes a comeback |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/dolly-sohi-makes-a-comeback-549947 |website=The Tribune}}</ref> while [[Kajal Pisal]] was cast as Aniruddh's mother Tanuja.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 September 2023 |title=Dolly Sohi got severe skin problems while shooting for TV show 'Jhanak' in Kolkata |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/dolly-sohi-got-severe-skin-problems-while-shooting-for-tv-show-jhanak-in-kolkata/articleshow/103354012.cms |access-date=20 November 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=25 September 2023 |title=Kajal Pisal celebrates Ganesh Chaturthi in Bengali attire, says 'My upcoming show Jhanak helped me with the idea' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kajal-pisal-celebrates-ganesh-chaturthi-in-bengali-attire-says-my-upcoming-show-jhanak-helped-me-with-the-idea/articleshow/103933627.cms |access-date=20 November 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Rishi Kaushik was cast as Tejas, Jhanak's obsessive lover.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bajpai |first=Manushri |date=20 November 2023 |title=आज से छोटे पर्दे पर दस्तक देगा 'झनक', अनिरुद्ध और अर्शी की कहानी जीतेगी आपका दिल |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/zee-hindustan/jhanak-tv-show-will-be-telecast-on-star-plus-from-20th-november/1969461 |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=Zee News Hindi |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kanji |first=Subasmita |date=31 August 2023 |title=Rishi Kaushik: Rishi Kaushik is coming to the small screen as a villain! |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/rishi-kaushik-coming-back-to-television-and-going-to-play-a-negetive-role-in-hindi-serial-for-the-first-time-31693447350913.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904223441/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/rishi-kaushik-coming-back-to-television-and-going-to-play-a-negetive-role-in-hindi-serial-for-the-first-time-31693447350913.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 September 2023 |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=Hindustantimes Bangla |language=bn}}</ref>

In January 2024, Sohi quit the show and was replaced by [[Poorva Gokhale]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 February 2024 |title=Dolly Sohi quits Jhanak due to health condition |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/dolly-sohi-quits-jhanak-due-to-health-condition/articleshow/107333179.cms |access-date=13 March 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=8 March 2024 |title=Dolly Sohi death: 'Jhanak' actress passes away at 48, a day after her sister's demise |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/dolly-sohi-death-jhanak-actress-passes-away-at-48-a-day-after-her-sisters-demise/articleshow/108315480.cms?from=mdr |access-date=13 March 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> In April 2024, [[Deepali Pansare]] was cast as Mrinalini, opposite Puneet Panjwani.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Dishya Sharma |title=Deepali Pansare has this to say about her character in Jhanak |url=https://www.news18.com/entertainment/deepali-pansare-has-this-to-say-about-her-character-in-jhanak-8835433.html |website=News18 India |date=April 2024 |access-date=1 April 2024}}</ref>

Zohaib Siddiqui and [[Erica Fernandes]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=16 May 2025|title=Exclusive- Zohaib Siddiqui, Erica Fernandes and Riya Sharma to be the new leads of Jhanak?|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-zohaib-siddiqui-erica-fernandes-and-riya-sharma-to-be-the-new-leads-of-jhanak/articleshow/121213847.cms|access-date=3 June 2025|work=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref> were approached to play the new leads post the generation leap, but [[Riya Sharma]], [[Arjit Taneja]] and [[Twinkle Arora]] were finalized.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Maheshwari|first=Neha|date=1 June 2025|title=Arjit Taneja on joining Jhanak as the new lead: I had initially declined the show - Exclusive|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/arjit-taneja-on-joining-jhanak-as-the-new-lead-i-had-initially-declined-the-show-exclusive/articleshow/121548339.cms|access-date=3 June 2025|work=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref> Krushal Ahuja was replaced by [[Sumeet Sachdev]] as the older Anirudh, while [[Parvati Sehgal]] took over the role of the older Jhanak, replacing Nawab. [[Ashlesha Sawant]] replaced Chandni Sharma as older Arshi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-06-10 |title=I choose shows with good roles, not ratings: Ashlesha Sawant on joining Jhanak |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-choose-shows-with-good-roles-not-ratings-ashlesha-sawant-on-joining-jhanak/articleshow/121749381.cms |access-date=2025-06-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

===Filming===
The shooting of the series began in September 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 September 2023 |title=Leena Ganguly and Saibal Banerjee start shoot for their new Hindi serial |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/leena-ganguly-and-saibal-banerjee-start-shoot-for-their-new-hindi-serial/articleshow/103308867.cms |access-date=20 November 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It was primarily based in [[Kashmir]] and [[Kolkata]], and some initial episodes were shot in both locations.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 August 2023 |title=Leena Gangopadhyay ready to narrate a new story in Rishi Kaushik, Krushal Ahuja starrer 'Jhanak' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/leena-gangopadhyay-ready-to-narrate-a-new-story-in-rishi-kaushik-krushal-ahuja-starrer-jhanak/articleshow/103215209.cms |access-date=20 November 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=26 August 2023 |title=Exclusive! Kajal Pisal joins the cast of Hiba Nawab and Krushal Ahuja, will travel to Kolkata for the shoot |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-kajal-pisal-joins-the-cast-of-hiba-nawab-and-krushal-ahuja-will-travel-to-kolkata-for-the-shoot/articleshow/103088675.cms |access-date=20 November 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Nawab had learned to row a shikara within two days for the role of Jhanak.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Going all the way |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/going-all-the-way-563831 |website=The Tribune}}</ref>

===Release===
In June 2025, A promo for the 20 year leap was released featuring [[Riya Sharma]] and [[Arjit Taneja]] as new leads, respectively playing Jhanak and Rishi.<ref>{{Cite web |title='End This Sh*T Show': Jhanak Leap Promo Fails To Impress Netizens; Riya Sharma And Arjit Taneja Enter As Leads |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/end-this-sht-show-jhanak-leap-promo-fails-to-impress-netizens-riya-sharma-and-arjit-taneja-enter-as-leads |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of programmes broadcast by StarPlus]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*''[https://www.hotstar.com/in/shows/jhanak/1260157253 Jhanak]'' at [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
*{{IMDb title|tt30705321}}

[[Category:2024 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:StarPlus original programming]]
[[Category:Remakes of Indian television series]]

Nirmalendu Chowdhury

2026-05-07T11:06:44Z

Dhwanika Joshi: New A Pg

{{Short description|Indian singer (1922–1981)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Nirmalendu Choudhury
| image =
| image_size = 200px
| caption = Nirmalendu Chowdhury
| birth_date = {{birth date|1922|7|27|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Sukhair Rajbari Dharampasha]], [[Sunamganj]], Bangladesh
| death_date = {{death date and age|1981|4|18|1922|07|27|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], West Bengal, India
| occupations = Folk musician, singer, artist, playback singer
}}

'''Nirmalendu Chowdhury''' ({{langx|bn|'''নির্মলেন্দু চৌধুরী'''}}) (27 July 1922 – 18 April 1981) was a Bengali musician, composer, lyricist and singer, who contributed significantly to the [[Folk music]] of [[Eastern India]], particularly of [[Bengal]] and [[Assam]].<ref name = bangla >{{cite web |title=Choudhury, Nimalendu |accessdate=22 April 2019 |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Chowdhury,_Nirmalendu |website=Banglapedia}}</ref>

==Early life==
Nirmalendu was born in his maternal house, the ''Sukhair Jomidar Bari'', in the village of ''Sukhair'' in [[Dharampasha]], [[Sunamganj]] of [[Sylhet District]] on 27 July 1922 in an aristocratic [[Mahishya]] [[Zamindar]] family.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Das |first=Pyarimohan |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.316785/page/n49/mode/1up?view=theater |title=Itibritta-tattwa |date=1915 |pages=39 to 40 |language=Bengali}}</ref> He grew up in the village of Bahely, Jamalgunj subdivision of [[Sunamganj District|Sunamganj]] in his ancestral house, the ''Bahely Jomidar Bari''.<ref name=":0" /> His father was Nalini Nath Chowdhury and mother Smt. Snehalata Chowdhury. His eartly education was started at Bahely Primary School. Later his family shifted to Lamabazar of [[Sylhet Division|Sylhet]] and Nirmalendu was admitted to Rasomoy Memorial school. After passing the [[Matriculation examination]] he joined [[MC College]] for graduation course.<ref name = kali>{{cite web |title=নির্মলেন্দু চৌধুরী: লোকগানে বিশ্বলোকে |accessdate=22 April 2019 |url=https://www.kaliokalam.com/নির্মলেন্দু-চৌধুরী-লোকগ |first=Apurba |last=Sharma|date=8 April 2017 }}</ref>

==Education and training in music==
Nirmalendu was inspired by his parents to take up music as his profession from his early days. Nirmalendu's family shifted from [[Sylhet]] to [[Mymensingh]], Nirmalendu got an opportunity to learn folk songs from two noted exponents of folk music of that time, Abdul Majid and Abdur Rahim. He learned [[Rabindra Sangeet]] from Sri Ashok Bijoy Raha at [[Shantiniketan]].<ref name = bangla /> After coming to [[Calcutta]] he took ''Talim'' from Sri Suresh Chakraborty.{{clarify|date=May 2020}}<ref name = rekha >{{cite book |title=Cultural Profiles, Volume 1 |first=Rekha |last=Menon |year=1961 |publisher=International Cultural Center}}</ref>

==Member of the Communist Party==
After joining [[Murari Chand College]] Nirmalendu got involved in the activities of the Communist Party. At age twenty he became a member of the Party in 1941. Song became an instrument for awakening the masses against the oppression of the [[British Empire|British]], and Nirmalendu engaged himself fully in that pursuit. During this time he traveled extensively in the rural areas and was exposed to the varied and rich folk songs and folk culture of [[Bengal]], [[Sylhet]] in particular. He got acquainted with [[Hemanga Biswas]], another son of the soil of [[Sylhet]], who was a proficient musician and politically aligned to the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Communist Party]]. Nirmalendu sang many songs created by [[Hemanga Biswas]] in public rallies and meetings.<ref name = kali />

==Career in music==
Nirmalendu started appearing in public functions at an early age. Sometime before 1953 he migrated to India. His fame spread. During 1953, [[Anil Kumar Chanda]], the then [[Ministry of External Affairs, India|Deputy Minister of External Affairs]], invited Nirmalendu and his brother Nirendu Chowdhury to join an Indian Cultural Delegation to Eastern European countries as a preparatory program for [[Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru]]'s visit to [[Soviet Union]] and other countries. Dancer [[Sitara Devi]], vocalist Lalita S Ubhayakar, Rabidra Sangeet artist [[Dwijen Mukhopadhyay]], Tabalia pandit [[Samta Prasad]] were among others in the delegation.<ref name = moulana >{{cite book |title=Selected Works of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad |editor-first=Dr. Ravindra |editor-last=Kumar |year=1992 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers and Distributors}}</ref> In 1955, Nirmalendu performed in the grand Bolshoi Theater in Moscow in the presence of [[Nikita Khrushchev]], and later won a gold medal singing at an international folk song convention in [[Warsaw]]. He took part in several cultural missions abroad. His performances in [[Warsaw]], [[Sofia]], Prague, [[Belgrade]] and Moscow were received by the people with great accolade making Indian folk songs popular to outside world.<ref name =bangla /> He visited many countries including [[Soviet Union]], [[Yugoslavia]], [[Poland]], [[Hungary]], [[Romania]], [[Czechoslovakia]], [[Bulgaria]], Australia, New Zealand, China, United Kingdom, France, Germany, [[Holland]], [[Finland]], US, Canada, and Japan.<ref name = kali />

His notable performance was in 1955 in the Banga Sanskrit Sammelan (Bengal Cultural Conference), [[Kolkata]]. He recorded more than a hundred songs. He was associated with films as a playback singer and actor. He was also a reputed composer. His collection of songs was published as ''Epar Bangla Opar Banglar Gan'' (Songs of both Bengals).<ref name =bangla />

==Forms of music==
Nirmalendu helped in revitalization and propagation of various forms of folk songs of [[Bengal]], Assam and [[Tripura]].<ref name = sylhet >{{cite book |last=Chakrabarty |first=Mridul Kanti |editor-last=Ahmed |editor-first=Sharif Uddin |chapter=Folk Music of Sylhet |title=Sylhet: History and Heritage |year=1998 |publisher=Bangladesh Itihas Samiti |isbn=984-31-0478-1 |page=513}}</ref> Some examples are:
* Bhatiali
* Bhaoaiya
* Dhamail
* Jhumur
* Sari
* Tusu

==Other activities==
;IPTA
Nirmalendu was involved with [[Indian People's Theatre Association]] (IPTA) from an early age. He took park in propaganda meetings, songs and drama. He took part in the drama ''Shaheeder Daak'' and others, composed by Hemango Biswas.

;Theater and drama
Nirmalendu acted in theatrical plays along with Utpal Dutta in ''Aungar'' (অঙ্গার), ''Pherari Phauj'' (ফেরারী ফৌজ) and ''Titas Ekti Nodir Naam''"(তিতাস একটি নদীর নাম).

;Movies
*In 1954 Nirmalendu lent his voice for playback in the song "Maajhi re chal naiya, raam karega paar" in the Hindi movie ''Biraj Bahu'', for which the music was composed by [[Salil Chowdhury]].
*Nirmalendu sang for many Bengali movies.
*Nirmalendu took part in acting in Bengali films, such as গঙ্গা, কাঞ্চন মালা, নতুন ফসল and ডাকাতের হাতে বুলু.

==Awards==
He was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]] by the [[Government of India]] for his contribution to folk music.<ref name = bangla />

==Memoirs==
*Khaled Choudhury remembered an event during 1938 when he first met Nirmalendu. In his own words: {{quote| "It was 1938 and I was then quite grown up... The World War broke out... I met a gentleman named Binod Bandhu Das, visiting there, who was a member of the Communist Party... Subsequently, one day, during the days of famine, he called me to a propaganda meeting... In that meeting, two handsome persons and a lady presented enchanting songs. They were Himango Biswas, Nirmalendu Choudhury and Santa Biswas."<ref name = khaled>{{cite book |title=Bengali Theaters: 200 Years |first=Khaled |last=Choudhury |editor-first=Utpal K |editor-last=Banerjee |chapter=Terms of our Art Form}}</ref>}}
*Ustad [[Vilayat Khan]], in his autobiographical accounts,<ref name = wire>{{cite web |title=Ustad Vilayat Khan and His Frenemy |accessdate=22 April 2019 |url=https://thewire.in/books/vilayat-khan-namita-devidayal-book-excerpt}}</ref> mentioned about his acquaintances with and admiration to Nirmalendu Choudhury through a story which is heart touching. In 1955 Pandit [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], the Prime Minister of India, visited Russia, and an Indian Cultural delegation accompanied him where [[Ustad Vilayat Khan]] was a member. Since then many years passed. Sometime during 1990s Khan Sahib called his friend in [[Kolkata]] and asked about a song which he heard in Russia in 1955, a song sung by an Indian folk singer, who was none other than Nirmalendu Chowdhury. Namita Devidayal writes:<ref name =namita /> {{quote|"As the lights dimmed in the grand Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow, and the Russian sopranos’ voices soared divinely, the young Vilayat Khan started worrying about how the Indian performers could match this beauty. That was when one of the delegates, a Bengali folk singer called Nirmalendu Chowdhury, went on stage and sang the startlingly beautiful song that Khansahib was now haunted by.}}
{{quote|Like many magical memories that get eroded in the flow of life, the words of the song had gone. What remained was the emotion. Now, so many years later, he wanted to sing the song. The folk singer had long since died, but his son Utpalendu Chowdhury was singing the same songs. Jayanta-da managed to get in touch with him. He called him that very day and said that Vilayat Khan wanted to meet him. The surprised singer agreed to come across...}}
{{quote|The folk singer arrived in the morning. Vilayat spoke to him about the cultural delegation to Moscow and the lovely time he had with his father. Then he got straight to the point. He brought up the boat and the trees and hummed the tune.}}
{{quote|‘Can you teach it to me?’}}
{{quote|Utpalendu looked aghast. ‘Sure,’ he mumbled...}}
{{quote|Vilayat Khan sat on the floor next to him.}}
{{quote|‘What are you doing, Khansahib? You can't sit there. Please sit on the couch.’}}
{{quote|‘No, I am fine here. Today, I am the student and you are the teacher.’}}
{{quote|Utpalendu smiled. He shut his eyes and sweetly sang the song for Vilayat Khan. Khansahib smiled as well as he wrote the words on a piece of paper in Urdu. About a month later, Vilayat Khan was performing at the Ramakrishna Mission outside Calcutta. He announced, ‘I want you to hear this folk tune which I had heard Nirmalendu Chowdhury sing many many years ago. It is an ode to all the boatmen who drift along the rivers of Bengal ...’. He sang it beautifully, and the audience found themselves immersed in all the beauty and sadness of their land... "<ref name = namita >{{cite book |first=Namita |last=Devidayal |title=The Sixth String of Vilayat Khan |isbn=978-93-875-7890-6 |publisher=Context |year=2018}}</ref>}}

*Manabendra Mukherjee saw Nirmalendu in a music program at [[Beliaghata]] some time in the 1950s. In an interview taken by Sri Nimai Bhattacharya on behalf of [[Doordarshan]] [[Kolkata]], Manabendra narrated the story. There was a heavy gathering of audience in the tune of five thousand people. Artists were waiting for the program to start. Suddenly the power went out and the microphone stopped working. In this situation one young man approached and offered to sing in front of the impatient audience without microphone. When he was allowed, he mesmerized the audience and charmed all artists with his deep and open voice and songs of the boatmen and the farmers of rural Bengal. When asked what his name was it was learnt that he was none other than Nirmalendu.<ref name="youtube_manabendra">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mYdTVwVtla8&t=1432s |title=কথায় ও সুরে মানবেন্দ্র মুখোপাধ্যায় |website=YouTube |accessdate=23 April 2019}}</ref>

==Death==
Nirmalendu died in Kolkata on 18 April 1981. His son Utpalendu Choudhury carried on the task of propagating and popularizing folk music in line with his father until he died on 7 February 2011.{{Cn|date=January 2026}}

==Legacy==
Nirmalendu Chowdhury set up Lok Bharati, a school for folk music in Kolkata. He was associated with PRAGATI LEKHAK SANGHA (Progressive Writers Association) and Bharatiya Gana Natya, a theater group. He also worked for some time as a reader in the Music Department at [[Rabindra Bharati University]].<ref name =bangla />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chowdhury, Nirmalendu}}
[[Category:Bengali musicians]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Bengal]]
[[Category:1922 births]]
[[Category:1981 deaths]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:People from Sunamganj District]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:Bengali-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Bengali singers]]
[[Category:Indian male folk singers]]
[[Category:Musicians from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Musicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:People from Dharampasha Upazila]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male singers]]
[[Category:Murari Chand College alumni]]
[[Category:Rasamoy Memorial High School alumni]]

Dharmadam Assembly constituency

2026-05-07T09:04:56Z

Dhwanika Joshi: created initial page basic info

{{Short description|Constituency of the Kerala legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Dharmadam
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 12
| map_image = File:Kannur district wise kerala assambly election 2016 constituency map.svg
| map_caption = Dharmadam within Kannur district
| state = [[Kerala]]
| district = [[Kannur district|Kannur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Kannur Lok Sabha constituency|Kannur]]
| established = 2008
| electors = 2,06,000 (2021)<ref name="Electorate"/>
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = Pinarayi Vijayan 1.jpg
| mla = [[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
| party = {{Party index link|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| alliance = {{legend2|#ED1C24|'''[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]'''|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| latest_election_year = [[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
}}
'''Dharmadam State assembly constituency''' is one of the 140 [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies in [[Kerala]], India. It is one of the seven assembly segments that constitute the [[Kannur Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://kannur.nic.in/constituencies
|website = kannur.nic.in
|title = State Assembly Constituencies in Kannur district, Kerala
}}</ref> Since 2016, it has been represented by [[Pinarayi Vijayan]] of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]

It was established in 2008 by incorporating major parts of the [[Edakkad Assembly constituency]].

==Local self-governed segments==
Dharmadam Assembly constituency is composed of the following local self-governed segments:<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/kannur.html
|website = www.ceo.kerala.gov.in
|title = Local Self Governments in Assembly Constituencies of Kannur District
}}</ref>

{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
! width="100px" | Name
! width="130px" | Status ([[Gram panchayat|Grama panchayat]]/[[Municipality]])
! width="100px" | [[Tehsil|Taluk]]
|-
| [[Anjarakkandy]]
| Grama Panchayat
| [[Kannur taluk|Kannur]]
|-
| Chembilode
| Grama panchayat
| [[Kannur taluk|Kannur]]
|-
| Kadambur
| Grama panchayat
| [[Kannur taluk|Kannur]]
|-
| [[Muzhappilangad]]
| Grama panchayat
| [[Kannur taluk|Kannur]]
|-
| [[Peralasseri]]
| Grama panchayat
| [[Kannur taluk|Kannur]]
|-
| [[Dharmadom]]
| Grama panchayat
| [[Thalassery#Villages in Thalassery Taluk|Thalassery]]
|-
| [[Pinarayi]]
| Grama panchayat
| [[Thalassery#Villages in Thalassery Taluk|Thalassery]]
|-
| [[Vengad]]
| Grama panchayat
| [[Thalassery#Villages in Thalassery Taluk|Thalassery]]
|}

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
The following list contains all members of [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] who have represented Dharmadam Assembly constituency during the period of various assemblies:<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/assemblypolls/kerala/dharmadam-assembly-constituency-map.html
|website = www.mapsofindia.com
|title = Members of Kerala Legislative Assembly: Dharmadom
}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Niyama Sabha
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
!Tenure
|-
| [[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| 13th
| [[K. K. Narayanan]]
| {{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=4}}
| 2011 – 2016
|-
| [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| 14th
| rowspan="3" |[[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
| 2016 - 2021
|-
| [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| 15th
| 2021 – 2026
|-
|[[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| 16th
| 2026 – present
|-
|}
{{notelist}}

==Election results==
Percentage change (±%) denotes the change in the number of votes from the immediate previous election.

===2026===
There were 2,06,000 registered voters in the Dharmadam constituency for the 2026 Kerala Assembly election.<ref name="Electorate">{{Cite web |title=Electorate Published as on 23 March 2026 |url=https://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/ceokerala/pdf/govt_orders/legislative-assembly-2026/electorate-published-as-on-23-march-2026.pdf |archive-date=7 May 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260507064812/https://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/ceokerala/pdf/govt_orders/legislative-assembly-2026/electorate-published-as-on-23-march-2026.pdf |date=23 March 2026 |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Kerala}}</ref>

{{Election box begin | title=[[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Dharmadam}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
|votes = 85,614
|percentage = 49.87
|change = {{loss}}9.74
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = V. P. Abdul Rasheed
|votes = 66,367
|percentage = 38.66
|change = {{gain}}10.33
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = BJP
|candidate = K. Ranjith
|votes = 18,555
|percentage = 10.81
|change = {{gain}}1.68
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 813
|percentage = 0.47
|change = {{gain}}0.23
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Vadi Hareendran
|votes = 193
|percentage = 0.11
|change = –
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Vijayan A. M. s/o Kunhiraman
|votes = 117
|percentage = 0.07
|change = –
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 19,247
|percentage = 11.21
|change = {{loss}}19.95
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 171,659
|percentage = 83.32
|change = {{gain}}0.01
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing = {{loss}}9.74
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 ===
There were 1,93,486 registered voters in Dharmadam constituency for the 2021 Kerala Assembly election.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/pdf/GE-2021/statistical_report.pdf |title=Legislative Assembly 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260121075941/https://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/pdf/GE-2021/statistical_report.pdf |website=ceo.kerala.gov.in |archive-date=21 January 2026|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Dharmadam}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
|votes = 95,522
|percentage = 59.61
|change = {{gain}}2.77
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = C. Raghunathan
|votes = 45,399
|percentage = 28.33
|change = {{loss}}4.49
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = C. K. Padmanabhan
|votes = 14,623
|percentage = 9.13
|change = {{gain}}0.82
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Social Democratic Party of India
|candidate = Basheer Kannadiparamba
|votes = 2,280
|percentage = 1.42
|change = {{gain}}0.12
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Valayar Bhagyavathi
|votes = 1,753
|percentage = 1.09
|change = –
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 400
|percentage = 0.25
|change = {{loss}}0.15
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Chovva Raghunathan
|votes = 137
|percentage = 0.09
|change = –
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = C. P. Maharoof
|votes = 72
|percentage = 0.04
|change = –
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Vadi Harindran
|votes = 61
|percentage = 0.04
|change = –
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 50,123
|percentage = 31.16
|change = {{gain}}7.14
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 161,232
|percentage = 83.33
|change = {{gain}}0.03
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing = {{gain}}2.77
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
There were 1,84,431 registered voters in Dharmadam constituency for the 2016 Kerala Assembly election.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2016|website= eci.gov.in|title= Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2016, Election commission of India}}</ref>

{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Dharmadam}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
|votes = 87,329
|percentage = 56.84
|change = {{gain}} 3.71
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Mambaram Divakaran
|votes = 50,424
|percentage = 32.82
|change = {{loss}}9.18
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Mohanan Mananthery
|votes = 12,763
|percentage = 8.31
|change = {{gain}}4.67
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Social Democratic Party of India
|candidate = Tharammal Niyas
|votes = 1,994
|percentage = 1.30
|change = –
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 615
|percentage = 0.40
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Divakaran M. Thiruvathira
|votes = 354
|percentage = 0.23
|change = –
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Divakaran Moottil House
|votes = 148
|percentage = 0.10
|change = –
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 36,905
|percentage = 24.02
|change = {{gain}}12.89
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,53,627
|percentage = 83.30
|change = {{gain}}0.10
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing = {{gain}}3.71
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2011 ===
There were 1,63,674 registered voters in the constituency for the 2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2011, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3763-kerala-2011|access-date=11 March 2020|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>

{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Dharmadam}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[K. K. Narayanan]]
|votes = 72,354
|percentage = 53.13
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Mambaram Divakaran
|votes = 57,192
|percentage = 42.00
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = C. P. Sangeetha
|votes = 4,963
|percentage = 3.64
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party =Independent politician
|candidate = Poyilore Kunnumbrom Divakaran
|votes = 871
|percentage = 0.64
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Madhu S. Vayanan
|votes = 797
|percentage = 0.59
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 15,162
|percentage = 11.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,36,351
|percentage = 83.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Dharmadom]]
* [[Edakkad (State Assembly constituency)]]
* [[Kannur district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
* [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Kerala Assembly Constituencies}}

{{Kerala Niyamasabha elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Kerala]]
[[Category:State assembly constituencies in Kannur district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Peddaveedu

2026-05-03T19:42:38Z

Dhwanika Joshi: New New Entry

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Peddaveedu
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Telangana
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Peddaveedu, Suryapet, Telangana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|16.855805|N|79.893723|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Suryapet district|Suryapet]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 8084
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 508204
| registration_plate =TS-29
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Peddaveedu''' is a village in [[Mattampally mandal]] of [[Suryapet district]] in [[Telangana]], [[India]].<ref name="district">{{cite web|title=Suryapet district|url=http://newdistrictsformation.telangana.gov.in/uploads/gos-circulars/1476130644554246.Suryapet.pdf|website=New Districts Formation Portal|accessdate=11 October 2016|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011225153/http://newdistrictsformation.telangana.gov.in/uploads/gos-circulars/1476130644554246.Suryapet.pdf|archivedate=11 October 2016}}</ref> It is located 73 km from district headquarters, [[Suryapet]].

==Geography==
It is in the {{cvt|75|m}} elevation (altitude).

==Demographics==
Peddaveedu is the most populated village in Mattampally mandal . It has population of 8084 of which 4069 are males while 4015 are females as per Population Census 2011. The literacy rate of village was 50.61% where Male literacy stands at 62.01% while female literacy rate was 39.17%.<ref>[http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/577587-peddaveedu-andhra-pradesh.html Peddaveedu census]</ref>

==Politics==
It falls under [[Huzurnagar (Assembly constituency)|Huzurnagar Assembly constituency]] and the village is administrated by Sarpanch, who is elected representative of village.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Suryapet district]]

Beda Jangam

2026-04-28T20:02:24Z

Dhwanika Joshi: Starting a post - done

{{Short description|Performer community of South India}}

{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
'''Beda Jangam''' or '''Budga Jangam''' are [[Street performance|street performer]] community in [[Karnataka]], who traditionally followed [[Nomad|nomadic lifestyle]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Karnataka/vxMwAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=budga+jangam&pg=PA306&printsec=frontcover |title=Karnataka |last2=Halbar |first2=B. G. |last3=India |first3=Anthropological Survey of |date=2003 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-81-85938-98-1 |language=en}}</ref> They used to work as beggars and performers with no fixed livelihoods, with few working as priests for [[Untouchability|untouchable communities]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Client Challenge |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/262239498 |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=www.scribd.com}}</ref> They are recognized as Scheduled Castes in [[Karnataka]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[Telangana]].

They are primarily found in [[North Karnataka|Southern region]] of [[Karnataka]] with a population of 1,17,164 as of 2011. In [[Telangana]], they are found in the Northern West region in the districts of [[Hyderabad district, India|Hyderabad]], [[Ranga Reddy district|Ranga Reddy]], [[Adilabad district|Adilabad]] districts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/People_of_India/1GxHJav8MuUC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=budga+jangam&dq=budga+jangam&printsec=frontcover |title=People of India |date=1992 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-0-19-563742-7 |language=en}}</ref>

They have been confused with the [[Jangam]]s, who are the [[Lingayats|Lingayat priest community]] that has led to the protest of clubbing them with different community.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Beda Jangama vs Lingayat Jangama: Karnataka minister flags potential caste survey anomaly |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/beda-jangama-vs-lingayat-jangama-karnataka-minister-flags-potential-caste-survey-anomaly-writes-to-cm-3542822 |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> Due to the issue of misconception of the ''Budga Jangam'' and ''Lingayat Jangam'' over the classification of the both communities are same, despite distinct culture and traditional practices. The community has raised concerns of misutilization of affirmative policies of Lingayat Jangams as both communities claims of being Scheduled Castes.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srivatsa |first=Sharath S. |date=2025-05-18 |title=False caste claims: Issue of Lingayat-Jangamas claiming to be Beda Jangamas to get reservation benefit comes to fore again |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/false-caste-claims-issue-of-lingayat-jangamas-claiming-to-be-beda-jangamas-to-get-reservation-benefit-comes-to-fore-again/article69588546.ece |access-date=2026-04-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Paswan |first=Sanjay |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Encyclopaedia_of_Dalits_in_India/2Zjyepjt3A4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=budga+jangam&pg=PA256&printsec=frontcover |title=Encyclopaedia of Dalits in India |last2=Jaideva |first2=Pramanshi |date=2002 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7835-026-4 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Dalit communities]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Telangana]]

{{India-ethno-stub}}

Anup Upadhyay

2026-04-25T18:33:23Z

Dhwanika Joshi:

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Anup Upadhyay
| birth_place = [[Ganj Dundawara]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India)
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 1999–present
}}
'''Anup Upadhyay''' is an Indian stage, film and television actor. He is known for portraying David Mishra "Chachaji" in the Hindi comedy series ''[[Bhabi Ji Ghar Par Hai!]]''. He has also acted in ''[[F.I.R. (TV series)|F.I.R.]]'', ''[[Lapataganj]]'' and in [[Life Ok]] serial ''[[May I Come In Madam?]]'' as Chedilal Hiteshi.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mid-day.com/photos/stars-at-a-television-awards-red-carpet/6743/67889 | title=Stars at a television awards red carpet | work=mid-day.com | accessdate=22 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704050906/http://www.mid-day.com/photos/stars-at-a-television-awards-red-carpet/6743/67889 |archive-date=4 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Anup-Upadhyay-dons-a-new-avatar/articleshow/11435449.cms|title=Anup Upadhyay dons a new avatar|date=11 January 2012|work=The Times of India|access-date=27 December 2017}}</ref>

==Early life==
Upadhyay was born in [[Ganj Dundawara]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]], where he completed his graduation.<ref name="TOI">{{cite news |title=I miss my theatre days, says Jijaji Chhat Par Hai's Anup Upadhyay aka Elaichi ke papa |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-miss-my-theatre-days-says-jijaji-chhat-par-hais-anup-upadhyay-aka-elaichi-ke-papa/articleshow/64173986.cms |accessdate=4 July 2019 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Instagram |user=anup21may |author=Anup Upadhyay |postid=CsD4viJNOjb |title=Hello doston. Abhi main apne janamsthan ganjdundwara gaya tha. Wahan pe hamare kshetra ke MLA sahab. Mamtesh shakya ji ne mera swagat kar bahut prshant jatai.mujhe bhi bahut khushi hui |trans-title= Hello friends. I went to my birthplace Ganjdundwara. The MLA of our area Mamtesh Shakya ji was very happy to welcome me. I was also very happy.|date=10 May 2023 |language=hi |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/instagram/anup21may/3099570525642746075 |archive-date=16 December 2023}}</ref>

==Theatre==
After graduation, he shifted to [[Delhi]] where he started acting in plays alongside [[Habib Tanvir]]. Upadhyay has an experience of twenty years in theatre with ''Dekh Rahe Hain Nayan'' and ''Agrabazar'' being two of his favourite plays.<ref name="TOI"/>

==Filmography==
=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Language
|-
| 2003
| ''[[Main Madhuri Dixit Banna Chahti Hoon]]''
| Security Guard
| rowspan="5"|[[Hindi]]
|-
| 2006
| ''Jadu Sa Chal Gaya''
| Raj's house servant
|-
| rowspan="2"|2008
| ''[[Chamku]]''
| Journalist
|-
| ''[[Bhootnath]]''
| Teacher
|-
|2026
| ''[[Bhabiji Ghar Par Hain! Fun On The Run]]''
| David Mishra
|-
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Serial
! Role
|-
|1999–2009
|''[[Yes Boss (TV series)|Yes Boss]]''
|Sunny
|-
| 2006–2011
| ''[[F.I.R. (TV series)|F.I.R.]]''
| Various characters
|-
| 2009
| ''[[Bhootwala Serial]]''
| Kamuk Kamlesh
|-
| 2009–2014
| ''[[Lapataganj]]''
| Chhotu Mama
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Hum Aapke Hain In Laws]]''
| Kewal Kumar Johar Fufaji
|-
| 2014–2016
| ''[[Neeli Chatri Waale]]''
| ''Govardhan Dubey''
|-
|2014
|''[[Tum Saath Ho Jab Apne]]''
| Jamaal
|-
| 2016–2025
| ''[[Bhabi Ji Ghar Par Hai!]]''
| David Mishra a.k.a. Chachaji
|-
| 2016–2017
| ''[[May I Come In Madam?]]''
| Mr. Hitesh/Peon Chedilal
|-
| 2018–2020
| ''[[Jijaji Chhat Par Hai]]''
| Murarilal Bansal
|-
|2020
|''[[Excuse Me Maadam]]''
|Adhbut "Adu"
|-
|2021
|''[[Jijaji Chhat Parr Koii Hai]]''
|Jaldiram Sharma
|-
|2023–2024
|''[[May I Come In Madam? (season 2)| May I Come In Madam?]]''
|Mr. Chedilal Hiteshi
|-
|2025-2026
| ''Bhabi Ji Ghar Par Hain 2.0''
| David Mishra
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|3882344}}
{{Indian Television Academy Award Best Supporting Actor}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Upadhyay, Anup}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:People from Kasganj district]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Jubilee Hills Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:27:57Z

Dhwanika Joshi: Creating A Entry

{{Short description|Constituency of the Telangana legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Jubilee Hills
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Telangana (61-Jubilee Hills highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Jubilee Hills Assembly constituency within Telangana
| mla = [[Vallala Naveen Yadav]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Secunderabad Lok Sabha constituency|Secunderabad]]
| latest_election_year = 2025
| established = 2008
| state = [[Telangana]]
| district = [[Hyderabad district, India|Hyderabad]]
| electors = 3,90,877
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 61
}}

'''Jubilee Hills Assembly constituency''' is a constituency of [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/minority-votes-to-play-key-role-in-jubilee-hills/articleshow/104003207.cms|title=Minority votes to play key role in Jubilee Hills|work=The Times of India |date=28 September 2023 }}</ref> It is one of 15 constituencies in the capital city of [[Hyderabad, Telangana|Hyderabad]]. It is part of [[Secunderabad Lok Sabha constituency]].

==Extent of the constituency==
The Assembly Constituency presently comprises the following neighbourhoods:
{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Neighbourhood
|-
| [[Erragadda]]
|-
| [[Borabanda]]
|-
| [[Yousufguda]]
|-
| Vengal rao Nagar
|-
| Rahamat Nagar
|-
| [[Shaikpet]]
|-
|}

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
! colspan=4| [[United Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| [[P. Vishnuvardhan Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
! colspan=4| [[Telangana]]
|-
| [[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|rowspan=3|[[Maganti Gopinath]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
| [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
| [[2025 elections in India|2025]]★
| [[Naveen Yadav|Vallala Naveen Yadav]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}
★ indicates a by-election

== Election results ==
===2025✯===
{{Election box begin | title=2025 Jubilee Hills By-Election<ref name="JubileeHills2025">{{cite news |title=Jubilee Hills By-Election 2025 Results |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ByeElectionMay2025/candidateswise-S2961.htm |access-date=13 November 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=13 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251113000000/https://results.eci.gov.in/ByeElectionMay2025/candidateswise-S2961.htm |archive-date=13 November 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Naveen Yadav|Vallala Naveen Yadav]]
| votes = 98,988
| percentage = 50.83
| change = {{up}}15.80
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharat Rashtra Samithi
| candidate = Maganti Sunitha
| votes = 74,259
| percentage = 38.13
| change = {{down}}5.81
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Lankala Deepak Reddy
| votes = 17,061
| percentage = 8.76
| change = {{down}}5.35
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 924
|percentage = 0.47
|change = {{down}}0.28
}}

{{Election box majority
| votes = 24,729
| percentage = 12.70
| change = {{up}}3.79
}}

{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,94,727
| percentage = 48.49
| change = {{up}}0.91
}}

{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser = Bharat Rashtra Samithi
| swing =
}}

{{Election box end}}

===2023===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]: Jubilee Hills<ref name="Telangana Assembly Election Results 2023: Jubilee Hills">{{cite news |title=Telangana Assembly Election Results 2023: Jubilee Hills |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S2961.htm |access-date=15 October 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=3 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251015063759/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S2961.htm |archive-date=15 October 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Bharat Rashtra Samithi
| candidate = [[Maganti Gopinath]]
| votes = 80,549
| percentage = 43.94
| change = {{decrease}}0.36
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Mohammed Azharuddin]]|votes=64,212|percentage=35.03|change={{increase}}1.01}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=BJP|candidate=Lankala Deepak Reddy|votes=25,866|percentage=14.11|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|candidate=Mohammed Rashed Farazuddin|votes=7,848|percentage=4.28|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=1,374|percentage=0.75|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=16,337|percentage=8.91|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,83,312|percentage=47.58|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,85,287|change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Bharat Rashtra Samithi
|loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]: Jubilee Hills}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| candidate = [[Maganti Gopinath]]
| votes = 68,979
| percentage = 44.30
| change = {{increase}}33.15
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[P. Vishnuvardhan Reddy]]|votes=52,975|percentage=34.02|change={{increase}}13.68}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Vallala Naveen Yadav |votes=18,817|percentage=12.09|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=1,547|percentage=0.99|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=16,004|percentage=10.4|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,54,148|percentage=47.2|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Jubilee Hills}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Maganti Gopinath]]|votes=50,898|percentage=30.78|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|candidate=[[Naveen Yadav|Vallala Naveen Yadav]]|votes=41,656|percentage=25.19|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[P. Vishnuvardhan Reddy]]|votes=33,642|percentage=20.34|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Telangana Rashtra Samithi|candidate=Bholasankari Ramulu Mudiraj|votes=18,436|percentage=11.15|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=9,242|percentage=5.59|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,65,368|percentage=56.85|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
| swing = 5%
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Andhra Pradesh Assembly Elections, 2009]]: Jubilee Hills (Assembly constituency)}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/ac/summary/30472|title=IndiaVotes AC Summary: Jubilee Hills 2009}}</ref>
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[P. Vishnuvardhan Reddy]]|votes=54,519|percentage=39.84%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Mohammed Saleem|votes=32,778|percentage=23.95%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Praja Rajyam Party|candidate=Syed Humayun Ali|votes=19,433|percentage=14.20%|change=}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Telangana Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Telangana}}
{{coord|17.43|78.41|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Telangana]]
[[Category:Hyderabad district, India]]
[[Category:Politics of Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Trimeresurus stejnegeri

2026-04-19T18:00:33Z

Dhwanika Joshi:

{{Short description|Species of snake}}
{{Refimprove|date=June 2018}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Trimeresurus_stejnegeri.jpg
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Jiang, J. |author2=Zhou, Z. |author3=Lau, M.W.N. |author4=Guo, P. |date=2012 |title=''Trimeresurus stejnegeri'' |volume=2012 |article-number=e.T192136A2045355 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T192136A2045355.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
| genus = Trimeresurus
| species = stejnegeri
| authority = [[Karl Patterson Schmidt|Schmidt]], 1925
| synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true|title=List
|''Trimeresurus stejnegeri'' {{small|Schmidt, 1925}}
|''Trimeresurus gramineus stejnegeri'' {{small|— [[Leonhard Hess Stejneger|Stejneger]], 1927}}
|''Trimeresurus gramineus formosensis'' {{small|[[:fr:Moichirō Maki|Maki]], 1931}}
|''Trimeresurus gramineus kodairai'' {{small|Maki, 1931}}
|''Trimeresurus stejnegeri stejnegeri'' {{small|— [[Clifford H. Pope|Pope]], 1935}}
|''Trimeresurus stejnegeri makii'' {{small|[[:de:Konrad Klemmer|Klemmer]], 1963}}
|''Trimeresurus stejnegeri formosensis'' {{small|— [[Kenneth R. G. Welch|Welch]], 1988}}
|''Trimeresurus stejnegeri kodairai'' {{small|— Welch, 1988}}<ref name=McD99>[[:fr:Roy Wallace McDiarmid|McDiarmid RW]], [[Jonathan A. Campbell|Campbell JA]], [[T'Shaka Touré|Touré T]] (1999). ''Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1''. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. {{ISBN|1-893777-00-6}} (series). {{ISBN|1-893777-01-4}} (volume).</ref>
|''Trimeresurus stejnegeri'' {{small|— [[Christian L. Cox|Cox]] et al., 1998}}
|''Viridovipera stejnegeri'' {{small|— [[Anita Malhotra|Malhotra]] & [[Roger Stephen Thorpe|Thorpe]], 2004}}
|''Trimeresurus (Viridovipera) stejnegeri'' {{small|— [[Patrick David|David]] et al., 2011}}
}}
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=RDB/>
}}

'''''Trimeresurus stejnegeri''''' is a [[species]] of [[Venomous snake|venomous]] [[pit viper]] [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Asia]]. Two [[subspecies]] are currently recognized, including the [[Nominotypical subspecies|nominate subspecies]] described here.<ref name=RDB/>

[[Common name]]s for this pit viper include '''Stejneger's pit viper''', '''Chinese pit viper''', '''Chinese green tree viper''',<ref name=USN91>U.S. Navy (1991). ''Poisonous Snakes of the World''. New York: US Government / Dover Publications Inc. 203 pp. {{ISBN|0-486-26629-X}}.</ref> '''bamboo viper''', '''Chinese bamboo pitviper''', '''69 bamboo viper''', and '''Chinese tree viper'''.<ref name="Meh87">[[John M. Mehrtens|Mehrtens JM]] (1987). ''Living Snakes of the World in Color''. New York: Sterling Publishers. 480 pp. {{ISBN|0-8069-6460-X}}.</ref> For other common, non-scientific names, see {{section link|#Common names}} below.

==Etymology==
The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]], ''stejnegeri'', is in honor of [[Leonhard Stejneger]], the [[Norway|Norwegian]]-born, [[United States|American]] [[Herpetology|herpetologist]] who worked at the [[Smithsonian Institution]] for over 60 years.<ref>Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. (''Trimeresurus stejnegeri'', pp. 252-253).</ref>

==Description==
[[File:Chinese Green Tree Viper, 558台灣南投縣鹿谷鄉 imported from iNaturalist photo 340613960 (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|225x225px|Eating a [[Zhangixalus moltrechti|Moltrecht's green tree frog]]]]
''Trimeresurus stejnegeri'' grows to a maximum total length of {{convert|75|cm}}, which includes a tail length of {{convert|14.5|cm}}. The males have [[hemipenes]] that are short and spinose beyond the bifurcation.<ref name="Lev03">[[Alan Edward Leviton|Leviton AE]], [[Guinevere O. U. Wogan|Wogan GOU]], Koo MS, [[:de:George Robert Zug|Zug GR]], Lucas RS, [[Jens V. Vindum|Vindum JV]] (2003). "The Dangerously Venomous Snakes of Myanmar, Illustrated Checklist with Keys". ''Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences'' '''54''' (24): 407-462.</ref>

The [[dorsal scales]] are arranged in 21 longitudinal rows at midbody. There are 9–11 [[upper labials]], of which the first are separated from [[nasal scales]] by a distinct suture. The [[supraocular]]s are single, narrow, and sometimes divided by a transverse suture. There are 11–16 scales in a line between the supraoculars. The [[ventrals]] number 150–174, and the [[subcaudals]] are 54–77. All of the subcaudals are paired.<ref name=Lev03/>

The color pattern is bright to dark green above, pale green to whitish below, the two separated by a bright bicolored orange or brown (below) and white (above) (males) or bicolored or white only (females) ventrolateral stripe, which occupies the whole of the outermost scale row and a portion of the second row.<ref name=Lev03/>

Bamboo vipers are carnivores: they eat small rodents, birds, frogs, and lizards.{{cn|date=February 2023}}

Yellow colored mutants have been reported.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Everington |first1=Keoni |title=Rare mutant yellow Taiwan bamboo pit viper spotted on trail |url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4808668 |website=taiwannews.com.tw |date=13 February 2023 |publisher=Taiwan News |access-date=14 February 2023}}</ref>

==Common names==
Common names for ''T. stejnegeri'' include bamboo viper, Chinese tree viper,<ref name=Meh87/> bamboo snake, Chinese green tree viper, Chinese bamboo viper, Stejneger's pit viper, Stejneger's palm viper, red tail snake,<ref name=USN91/> Stejneger's bamboo pitviper,<ref name="Gum04">[[Andreas Gumprecht|Gumprecht A]], [[Frank Tillack|Tillack F]], [[Nikolai Liutsianovich Orlov|Orlov NL]], [[Ashok Captain|Captain A]], [[Sergei A. Ryabov|Ryabov S]] (2004). ''Asian Pitvipers''. First Edition. Berlin: Geitje Books. Berlin. 368 pp. {{ISBN|3-937975-00-4}}.</ref>

==Geographic range==
''Trimeresurus stejnegeri'' is found in [[India]] ([[Western Ghats]] & [[Eastern Ghats]], [[Northeast India]]) and [[Nepal]] through [[Myanmar]] and [[Laos]] to much of southern [[China]] ([[Yunnan]], [[Sichuan]], [[Gansu]], [[Jiangxi]], [[Jiangsu]], [[Hunan]], [[Hubei]], [[Guizhou]], [[Guangxi]], [[Guangdong]], [[Hainan]], [[Fujian]], [[Anhui]], [[Zhejiang]]), [[Vietnam]], and [[Taiwan]].<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> The [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] was originally listed as "Shaowu, Fukien Province, China", and later amended to "N.W. Fukien Province" by [[Clifford H. Pope|Pope]] & [[Sarah Haydock Pope|Pope]] (1933) (Fukien being the former romanization of Fujian).<ref name=McD99/> this snake is often confused with '''''[[Trimeresurus]],''''' [[Ahaetulla oxyrhyncha]] in India.

==Habitat==
The preferred natural [[habitat]] of ''T. stejnegeri'' is [[forest]], at altitudes from sea level to {{convert|2,000|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" />

==Venom==
''Trimeresurus stejnegeri'' has a potent [[hemotoxin]]. The wound usually feels extremely painful, as if it had been branded with a hot iron, and the pain does not subside until about 24 hours after being bitten. Within a few minutes of being bitten, the surrounding flesh dies and turns black, highlighting the puncture wounds. The wound site quickly swells, and the skin and muscle become black due to [[necrosis]]. The size of the necrotic area depends on the amount of venom injected and the depth of the bite.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}}

==Reproduction==
''T. stejnegeri'' is [[Viviparity|viviparous]].<ref name=RDB/>

==Subspecies==
{|cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse;"
! style="background:#f0f0f0;"|Subspecies<ref name=RDB/>
! style="background:#f0f0f0;"|Taxon author<ref name=RDB/>
! style="background:#f0f0f0;"|Common name<ref name=Gum04/>
! style="background:#f0f0f0;"|Geographic range<ref name=Gum04/>
|-
|''[[Trimeresurus stejnegeri chenbihuii|T. s. chenbihuii]]''
|[[Zhao Ermi|Zhao]], 1997
|Chen's pit viper
|style="width:40%"|[[China]], [[Hainan|Hainan Island]]: on Mount Diaoluo at 225–290 m elevation ([[Lingshui County]]) and on [[Wuzhi Mountain]] at 500 m elevation ([[Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County|Qiongzhong County]]).
|-
|''T. s. stejnegeri''
|[[Karl Patterson Schmidt|Schmidt]], 1925
|Stejneger's pit viper
|China (in eastern [[Sichuan]], [[Guizhou]], [[Hubei]], [[Anhui]], [[Jiangsu]], [[Zhejiang]], [[Jiangxi]], [[Hunan]], [[Fujian]], [[Gansu]], [[Guangdong]] and [[Guangxi]]), [[Taiwan]], and [[Vietnam]].
|}

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=RDB>{{NRDB species |genus=Trimeresurus |species=stejnegeri |accessdate=8 August 2020}}</ref>
}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
*Creer S, [[Anita Malhotra|Malhotra A]], [[Roger Stephen Thorpe|Thorpe RS]], [[Wen-Hao Chou|Chou WH]] (2001). "Multiple causation of phylogeographical pattern as revealed by nested clade analysis of the bamboo viper (''Trimeresurus stejnegeri'') within Taiwan". ''Molecular Ecology'' '''10''' (8): 1967-1981.
*[[:fr:Indraneil Das|Das I]] (2002). ''A Photographic Guide to Snakes and other Reptiles of India''. Sanibel Island, Florida: Ralph Curtis Books. 144 pp. {{ISBN|0-88359-056-5}}. (''Trimeresurus stejnegeri'', p. 68).
*Malhotra A, Thorpe RS (2004). "Maximizing information in systematic revisions: a combined molecular and morphological analysis of a cryptic green Pit Viper complex (''Trimeresurus stejnegeri'')". ''Biological Journal of the Linnean Society'' '''82''' (2): 219.
*[[Christopher L. Parkinson|Parkinson CL]] (1999). "Molecular systematics and biogeographical history of Pit Vipers as determined by mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences". ''Copeia'' '''1999''' (3): 576–586.
*[[Peng Guo (herpetologist)|Guo P]], [[Fuji Zhang|Zhang F]] (2001). "Comparative studies on hemipenes of four species of ''Trimeresurus'' (''sensu stricto'') (Serpentes: Crotalinae)". ''Amphibia-Reptilia'' '''22''' (1): 113-117.
*[[Karl Patterson Schmidt|Schmidt KP]] (1925). "New Reptiles and a New Salamander from China". ''American Museum Novitates'' (157): 1-5. ("''Trimeresurus stejnegeri'', new species", p. 4).
*Tu M-C et al. (2000). "Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Biogeography of the Oriental Pit Vipers of the Genus ''Trimeresurus'' (Reptilia: Viperidae: Crotalinae): A Molecular Perspective". ''Zoological Science'' '''17''': 1147–1157.
{{refend}}

{{Trimeresurus}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2719425}}

[[Category:Trimeresurus|stejnegeri]]
[[Category:Snakes of Asia]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Cambodia]]
[[Category:Snakes of China]]
[[Category:Snakes of India]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Laos]]
[[Category:Snakes of Myanmar]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Taiwan]]
[[Category:Snakes of Vietnam]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Karl Patterson Schmidt]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 1925]]

Our Children Foundation

2026-04-16T04:49:48Z

Dhwanika Joshi: New Pg

{{more citations needed|date=July 2011}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Our Children Foundation
| image = [[File:Logo OCF Blue.png|140px|alt=OCF Logo alt text]]
| type = Non-Profit Organisation
| formation = {{start date and age|2008|10|28}}
| purpose = A Society under Society’s Registration Act 1961, under West Bengal Act XXVIPurpose/focus - Education/Literacy
| location = [[Kolkata]]
| coordinates = 
| region_served = [[West Bengal]]
| focus = Education & Literacy
| website = [http://www.ourchildrenschool.org Our Children Foundation]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Our Children Foundation''' (OCF) is a [[non-profit organisation]] that provides free education for underprivileged children in [[India]]’s rural and semi-rural villages. Founded by Capt. Asraf Ali Shaikh, Founder, Chairman -
Our Children Foundation. The goal of Our Children Foundation is to provide institutional reforms that improve disadvantaged people’s access to, success in, and opportunities from quality education in a sustainable manner.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ourchildrenschool.org/ |title=.: Our Children School :: Home |access-date=2011-07-12 |archive-date=2011-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902210913/http://ourchildrenschool.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Our Children School'' is OCF’s first project, which focuses on establishing and reopening education centres in areas with inadequate access to schooling in [[West Bengal]].<ref name="auto"/>

==History==
Our Children Foundation was registered as a Society under [[West Bengal]] Society Registration Act XXVI, 1961 on 22 October 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.charity.org.in/view_charity_org.php?lid=24365&name=OUR%2520CHILDREN%2520FOUNDATION|title=charity.org.in|website=www.charity.org.in}}</ref> Its first school opened on 2 May 2009 in rural Andharmanik village, two hours south of [[Kolkata]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ourchildrenschool.org/default_htm_files/OCF_May_%202011_Newsletter.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-07-12 |archive-date=2012-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326195638/http://www.ourchildrenschool.org/default_htm_files/OCF_May_%202011_Newsletter.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 22 March 2010, two more schools opened in semi-rural slums of Sahara and Shishumala near [[Kolkata Airport]]. As of May 2011, over 35 local teachers had been provided employment and 1000 children were receiving education through OCF's ''Our Children School'' projects.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |url=http://ourchildrenschool.org/default_htm_files/PressKit_2011.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-07-12 |archive-date=2012-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326195633/http://ourchildrenschool.org/default_htm_files/PressKit_2011.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Mission==
Our Children Foundation’s motto, ‘''Empowering lives through Education''’, reflects its mission to address issues of poverty, healthcare, population control and unemployment through improvements in access to and quality of education, with a focus on [[India]]’s younger generations. In doing so, Our Children School projects focus beyond basic educational services in order to maximise participation in a range of areas and encourage students to explore their own interests and curiosities.<ref name="auto1"/>

==Services==

===Infrastructural support===
Includes improvements to school buildings, furniture, implementation of computer labs, educational tools and equipment, assurance of safe drinking water facilities, separate gendered toilet facilities.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ourchildrenschool.org/endeavour.htm |title=.: Our Children School :: Our Endeavour and Outreach Programme |access-date=2011-07-12 |archive-date=2012-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326195658/http://www.ourchildrenschool.org/endeavour.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Teachers training===
Implementing quality teacher training opportunities in order to raise the standing of education provided, increase the motivation and engagement of children in the learning process, and increase the level of satisfaction and expertise of teachers in disadvantaged areas.<ref name="auto1"/>

===Midday meals===
Free lunch meals for children under the government-funded [[mid-day meal scheme]] are in the process of being implemented in all three schools.<ref name="auto1"/> Mid-day meals involve the provision of free lunch to school-children on all working days. It is based on the understanding that children must first be fed nutritionally before being able to grow through educational engagements.

===Art exchange===
A cultural exchange programme that exchanges creative art works between classes in [[India]] and [[Australia]]. The principle of Art Exchange is to increase cross-cultural and global awareness, provide an avenue of personal expression, and enhance student motivation, enjoyment and engagement from schooling.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ourchildrenschool.org/art%20exchange.htm |title=.: Our Children School :: Art Exchange |access-date=2011-07-12 |archive-date=2012-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326195545/http://www.ourchildrenschool.org/art%20exchange.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian_non-profit}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Non-profit organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Educational organisations based in India]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 2008]]

Kuchinda Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:47:26Z

Dhwanika Joshi: Creating Page

{{Short description|Constituency of the Odisha legislative assembly in India}}
{{About| the assembly constituency|its eponymous town|Kuchinda}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kuchinda
| state = [[Odisha]]
| constituency_no = 16
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| division = Northen Division
| district = [[Sambalpur district|Sambalpur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Sambalpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sambalpur]]
| established = 1967
| reservation = ST
| incumbent_image = Rabi Narayan Naik 2024.jpg
| mla = [[Rabi Narayan Naik]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| electors = 2,22,709{{efn|as on 2024}}{{efn|as data published by election commission}}
}}

'''Kuchinda''' is a [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] [[List of constituencies of Odisha Vidhan Sabha|constituency]] of [[Sambalpur district]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=15 |title=Orissa Assembly Election 2009 |work=empoweringindia.org |quote=Constituency: Kuchinda (15) District : Sambalpur |accessdate=9 January 2014 |archive-date=9 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109182015/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=15 |url-status=usurped }}</ref>

Area of this constituency includes [[Kuchinda]], Kuchinda block, Bamra block and Jamankira block.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf|title=Assembly Constituencies and their Extent}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls|title=Seats of Odisha}}</ref>

==Elected members==

{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|51.83}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|41.71}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|43.44}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|39.01}}
{{bar percent|2004|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|49.4}}
{{bar percent|2000|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|52.43}}
{{bar percent|1995|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|53.47}}
{{bar percent|1990|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|62.05}}
{{bar percent|1985|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|79.06}}
{{bar percent|1980|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|76.18}}
{{bar percent|1977|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|52.18}}
}}

Since its formation in 1967, 14 elections have been held till date.

List of members elected from Kuchinda constituency are:<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S18/partycomp132.htm |title= 132 - Kuchinda (ST) Assembly Constituency |work=eci.nic.in |quote=List Of Winning Candidates |accessdate=9 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |title=Odisha Reference Annual – 2011: List of Members of Odisha Legislative Assembly (1951–2004) |accessdate=February 20, 2014 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217121136/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |archivedate=December 17, 2013 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Kuchinda Election and Results 2019, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/orissa/assembly-constituencies/kuchinda.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Kuchinda Assembly Election Results 2024: Kuchinda Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/odisha/kuchinda-constituency-result-18015 |access-date=2025-06-18 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Rabi Narayan Naik]]
|{{full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<ref name=":1" /><ref name="Odisha Assembly election results 2019: Full list of winners" />
|Kishore Chandra Naik
|{{full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />
|[[Rabi Narayan Naik]]
|{{full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<ref name=":4" />
|Rajendra Kumar Chhatria
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2004 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Rabi Narayan Naik]]
|{{full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2000 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|-
|[[1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|Panu Chandra Naik
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Brundaban Majhi
|{{full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1985 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| rowspan="5" |Jagateswar Mirdha
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1980 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1977 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1974 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
|-
|[[1971 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress (R)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1967 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Kanhai Singh
|{{full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2024 ===
Voting was held on 25 May 2024 in the 3rd phase of the Odisha Assembly Election & 6th phase of the Indian General Election. The counting of votes was on 4 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Odisha 2024 |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]]}}</ref> In 2024 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Rabi Narayan Naik]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Rajendra Kumar Chhatria by a margin of 32,220 votes.<ref name=":2" />

{{Election box begin|
|title = [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]]: Kuchinda}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Rabi Narayan Naik]]
|votes = 95,716
|percentage = 51.83
|change = {{increase}} 12.14
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = Rajendra Kumar Chhatria
|votes = 63,496
|percentage = 34.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Kedarnath Bariha
|votes = 21,285
|percentage = 11.53
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 2,782
|percentage = 1.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 32,220
|percentage = 17.44
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,84,661
|percentage = 82.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
In the 2019 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Kishore Chandra Naik]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Rabi Narayan Naik]] by a margin of 3,508 votes.<ref name="Odisha Assembly election results 2019: Full list of winners">{{cite news |last1=Zee News |date=24 May 2019 |title=Odisha Assembly election results 2019: Full list of winners |url=https://zeenews.india.com/assembly-elections/odisha-assembly-election-results-2019-full-list-of-winners-2205899.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108183944/https://zeenews.india.com/assembly-elections/odisha-assembly-election-results-2019-full-list-of-winners-2205899.html |archivedate=8 November 2022 |accessdate=8 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

{{Election box begin|
|title = [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]]: Kuchinda<ref name="TP Ass Cand">{{cite web |title=List of Contesting Candidates(Phase-III) (AC) |url=http://www.ceoorissa.nic.in/docs/Election/2019/Form7A/Phase3/List%20of%20Contesting%20Candidates%20%283rd%20Phase-AC%20Wise%29.pdf|website=ceoorissa.nic.in |publisher=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Odisha |accessdate=21 April 2019}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Kishore Chandra Naik]]
|votes = 72,601
|percentage = 41.71
|change = {{increase}}12.28
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Rabi Narayan Naik]]|votes=69,093|percentage=39.69|change={{decrease}}3.75}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Sovaram Padhan|votes=24,795|percentage=14.24|change={{decrease}}6.57}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=2,805|percentage=1.61|change={{decrease}}0.22}}
{{Election box majority||votes=3,508|percentage=2.02|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=174063|percentage=80.37|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
In 2014 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Rabi Narayan Naik]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Bhubaneswar Kisan by a margin of 22,064 votes.<ref name=":3">{{cite web|title=Constituency Wise odisha Assembly Election result 2014|url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|publisher=Leadtech.in|accessdate=15 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818230907/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|archive-date=18 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

{{Election box begin|
|title = [[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]]: Kuchinda<ref>{{cite web|title=Odisha - Kuchinda|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/ConstituencywiseS1815.htm?ac=15|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=15 June 2014}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Orissa Assembly Election 2014, Constituency: Kuchinda (15)|url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998cid=15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130073443/https://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998cid=15 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=30 November 2023 |publisher=EmpoweringIndia.org |accessdate=15 June 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Rabi Narayan Naik]]
|votes = 68,409
|percentage = 43.44
|change = {{increase}}14.53
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = Bhubaneswar Kisan
|votes = 46,345
|percentage = 29.43
|change = {{increase}}8.08
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Rajendra Kumar Chhatria
|votes = 32,770
|percentage = 20.81
|change = {{decrease}}18.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 2,886
|percentage = 1.83
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 22,064
|percentage = 14.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,57,495
|percentage = 81.53
|change =
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 1,93,175
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
In 2009 election, [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Rajendra Kumar Chhatria defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Rabi Narayan Naik]] by a margin of 12,712 votes.<ref name=":4">{{cite web |url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |title=Orissa Election Result 2009 With Vote Margin |work=leadtech.in |quote=12712 |accessdate=5 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527163949/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |archive-date=27 May 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Election box begin|
|title= [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]]: Kuchinda<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3630-orissa-2009/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Orissa |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 6 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Rajendra Kumar Chhatria
|votes = 49,112
|percentage = 39.01
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Rabi Narayan Naik]]
|votes = 36,400
|percentage = 28.91
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = Brundaban Majhi
|votes = 26,885
|percentage = 21.35
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 12,712
|percentage = 10.10{{efn|% of total valid votes}}
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,25,916
|percentage = 67.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Sambalpur district}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Odisha|state=expanded}}
{{coord|21.75|84.35|display=title}}

[[Category:Sambalpur district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Odisha]]
[[Category:Politics of Odisha]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Orissa]]

Northern Angami I Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:32:53Z

Dhwanika Joshi: New New Article

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Nagaland State, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| map_image = Northern Angami I Assembly constituency map.svg
| name = Northern Angami I
| state = [[Nagaland]]
| district = [[Kohima district|Kohima]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Nagaland Lok Sabha constituency|Nagaland]]
| established = 1964
| constituency_no = 10
| reservation = ST
| type = SLA
| mla = [[Kekhrielhoulie Yhome]]
|party = {{Party index link|Naga People's Front}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| electors = {{formatnum:31767}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14874-nagaland-general-legislative-election-2023/ |title=Nagaland General Legislative Election 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=20 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|5}}
}}
'''Northern Angami I''' is one of the 60 [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Nagaland]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/States/nagaland/nagaland-w.htm |title=NAGALAND LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY |website=legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in |access-date=10 February 2021}}</ref> It is part of [[Kohima district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]]. It is also part of [[Nagaland (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaland Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>[http://www.elections.in/nagaland/assembly-constituencies/northern-angami-i.html Sitting and previous MLAs from Northern Angami-I Assembly Constituency]</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{|class ="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Name
!colspan=2| Party
|-
|1964
|Neituo
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|1966^
|K. Angami
|{{Full party name with color|Nagaland Nationalist Organisation}}
|-
|1969
|rowspan=6|[[Shürhozelie Liezietsu]]
|{{Full party name with color|United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland)|rowspan=4}}
|-
|1974
|-
|1977
|-
|1982
|-
|1986^
|{{Full party name with color|Naga National Democratic Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|1987
|-
|1989
|Tseivilie Miachieo
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|1993
|[[Shürhozelie Liezietsu]]
|{{Full party name with color|Nagaland Peoples Council}}
|-
|1998
|Seyiekuolie
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|2003
|rowspan=2|[[Shürhozelie Liezietsu]]
|{{Full party name with color|Naga People's Front|rowspan=5}}
|-
|2008
|-
|2013
|[[Khriehu Liezietsu]]
|-
|2017^
|[[Shürhozelie Liezietsu]]
|-
|2018
|[[Khriehu Liezietsu]]<ref name=election2018/>
|-
|2023
|[[Kekhrielhoulie Yhome]]
|{{Full party name with color|Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party}}
|-
|}

^by-election

== Election results ==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2023|2023]]|{{party color|Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party}}|55.85}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2018|2018]]|{{party color|Naga People's Front}}|59.32}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2017|2017]]|{{party color|Naga People's Front}}|63.76}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2013|2013]]|{{party color|Naga People's Front}}|57.48}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2008|2008]]|{{party color|Naga People's Front}}|37.74}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2003|2003]]|{{party color|Naga People's Front}}|53.91}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1989|1989]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|56.35}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1987|1987]]|{{party color|Naga National Democratic Party}}|36.29}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1982|1982]]|{{party color|Naga National Democratic Party}}|32.76}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1977|1977]]|{{party color|United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland)}}|63.06}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1974|1974]]|{{party color|United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland)}}|56.44}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1969|1969]]|{{party color|United Front of Nagaland}}|56.69}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1964|1964]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|81.52}}
}}
===Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Northern Angami I<ref name=election2023>{{cite news |last1=The Indian Express |title=Nagaland Assembly Election results 2023: Check full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |access-date=3 March 2023 |date=2 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303042608/https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |archive-date=3 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kekhrielhoulie Yhome]] |party=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |votes=7,724 |percentage=55.85% |change=15.71%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Khriehu Liezietsu]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=6,034 |percentage=43.63% |change=-15.69%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=72 |percentage=0.52% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,690 |percentage=12.22% |change=-6.96% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,830 |percentage=77.44% |change= 0.48% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,860 |change =4.77% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= -3.47% }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Northern Angami I<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128161430/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 13th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2018 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Khriehu Liezietsu]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=7,782 |percentage=59.32% |change=-4.44% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Kekhrielhoulie Yhome]]|party=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party|votes=5,266|percentage=40.14%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the Above|party=None of the above|votes=70|percentage=0.53%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,516 |percentage=19.18% |change=-8.35% }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=13,118|percentage=76.95%|change=-0.56%}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,047 |change =4.82% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= -4.44% }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly By-election 2017 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 elections in India#Nagaland|By-election 2017]]: Northern Angami I<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125124535/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-date=25 November 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 11th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2013 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shürhozelie Liezietsu]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=8,038 |percentage=63.76% |change=6.28% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Kekhrielhoulie Yhome]]|party=Independent (politician)|votes=4,568|percentage=36.24%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,470 |percentage=27.53% |change=12.44% }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=12,606|percentage=77.96%|change=-9.64%}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 16,263 |change =-1.03% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= 6.28% }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2013 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Northern Angami I<ref name=election2008>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128170532/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 11th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2008 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Khriehu Liezietsu]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=8,232 |percentage=57.48% |change=19.74% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prasielie Pienyu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,072 |percentage=42.40% |change=11.34% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,160 |percentage=15.08% |change=9.19% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,321 |percentage=87.15% |change= 11.06% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 16,432 |change =-24.73% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= 19.74% }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Northern Angami I<ref name=election2003>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623083626/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-date=23 June 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 10th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2003 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shürhozelie Liezietsu|Dr. Shürhozelie Liezietsu]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=6,229 |percentage=37.74% |change=-16.17% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prasielie Pienyu |party=Independent politician |votes=5,256 |percentage=31.85% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Seyiekuolie |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,126 |percentage=31.06% |change=-15.02% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=973 |percentage=5.90% |change=-1.93% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=16,503 |percentage=76.09% |change= 76.09% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 21,831 |change =31.54% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2003 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Northern Angami I}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shürhozelie Liezietsu|Dr. Shürhozelie Liezietsu]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=5,502 |percentage=53.91% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Seyiekuolie |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,703 |percentage=46.09% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=799 |percentage=7.83% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,205 |percentage=61.49% |change= 61.49% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 16,596 |change =13.01% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1998 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Northern Angami I}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=Seyiekuolie |party=Indian National Congress }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,685 |change =}}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1993 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Northern Angami I}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|candidate=[[Shürhozelie Liezietsu|Dr. Shürhozelie Liezietsu]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = |change =}}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Northern Angami I}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Tseivilie Miachieo |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,273 |percentage=56.35% |change=28.87% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shürhozelie Liezietsu|Dr. Shürhozelie Liezietsu]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=2,535 |percentage=43.65% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=738 |percentage=12.71% |change=12.65% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,808 |percentage=81.78% |change= 2.32% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,216 |change =1.35% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Naga National Democratic Party |swing= 20.07% }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1987 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Northern Angami I}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shürhozelie Liezietsu|Dr. Shürhozelie Liezietsu]] |party=Naga National Democratic Party |votes=2,027 |percentage=36.29% |change=3.52% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Neikhotso Linyu |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=2,024 |percentage=36.23% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vilhouzhalie |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,535 |percentage=27.48% |change=25.88% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3 |percentage=0.05% |change=-11.68% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,586 |percentage=79.45% |change= 12.72% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,120 |change =-28.89% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Naga National Democratic Party |loser=Naga National Democratic Party |swing= 3.52% }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Northern Angami I}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shürhozelie Liezietsu|Dr. Shürhozelie Liezietsu]] |party=Naga National Democratic Party |votes=2,189 |percentage=32.76% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Vikuolie |party=Independent politician |votes=1,405 |percentage=21.03% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Neisatuo |party=Independent politician |votes=1,364 |percentage=20.42% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khricketoulie |party=Independent politician |votes=1,027 |percentage=15.37% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Neikhotso Linyu |party=Independent politician |votes=589 |percentage=8.82% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Neiteo |party=Indian National Congress |votes=107 |percentage=1.60% |change=-10.77% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=784 |percentage=11.73% |change=-26.75% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,681 |percentage=66.73% |change= -2.30% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,012 |change =75.40% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga National Democratic Party |loser=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |swing= -30.29% }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Northern Angami I}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shürhozelie Liezietsu|Dr. Shürhozelie Liezietsu]] |party=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |votes=2,446 |percentage=63.06% |change=6.62% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Neiteo |party=Independent politician |votes=953 |percentage=24.57% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Neikhotso Linyu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=480 |percentage=12.37% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,493 |percentage=38.49% |change=12.46% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=3,879 |percentage=69.03% |change= 4.01% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 5,708 |change =-4.23% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |loser=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |swing= 6.62% }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1974 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1974 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Northern Angami I}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shürhozelie Liezietsu|Dr. Shürhozelie Liezietsu]] |party=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |votes=2,138 |percentage=56.44% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mezhuvilie |party=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |votes=1,152 |percentage=30.41% |change=6.80% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kouhie |party=Independent politician |votes=310 |percentage=8.18% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kekuo |party=Independent politician |votes=188 |percentage=4.96% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=986 |percentage=26.03% |change=-7.04% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=3,788 |percentage=65.02% |change= -7.47% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 5,960 |change =40.90% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |loser=United Front of Nagaland |swing= -0.24% }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1969 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1969 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Northern Angami I}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shürhozelie Liezietsu|Dr. Shürhozelie Liezietsu]] |party=United Front of Nagaland |votes=1,738 |percentage=56.69% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mezhuvilie |party=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |votes=724 |percentage=23.61% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thedzukohie |party=Independent politician |votes=604 |percentage=19.70% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,014 |percentage=33.07% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=3,066 |percentage=72.48% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 4,230 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=United Front of Nagaland |loser=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly By-election 1966 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1966 Nagaland Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Northern Angami I}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=K.Angami |party=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation}}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |loser=Independent politician |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1964 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1964 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Northern Angami I}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Neiteo |party=Independent politician |votes=1,937 |percentage=81.52% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Z. Yekrulie |party=Independent politician |votes=439 |percentage=18.48% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,498 |percentage=63.05% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,376 |percentage=76.33% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,113 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
*[[List of constituencies of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Kohima district]]
* [[Angami (disambiguation)|Angami]]
* [[Nagaland (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Nagaland}}

{{coord|25.7|94.16|display=title}}

[[Category:Kohima district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Politics of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1964]]
[[Category:1964 establishments in Nagaland]]

Indrani Devi

2026-04-10T00:08:03Z

Dhwanika Joshi: Creating New Biography

{{Short description|Member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Indrani Devi
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1969|06|15}}
| birth_place = [[Shahpur, Uttar Pradesh]]
| constituency = [[Bhinga Assembly constituency|Bhinga]]
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = March 2022
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Mohammad Aslam (politician)|Mohammad Aslam]]
| successor =
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| profession = Politician
}}
'''Indrani Devi''' is an Indian politician and a member of the [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]] from the [[Bhinga Assembly constituency]] of the [[Shravasti district]].<ref name="upla">{{Cite web |url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/main_members_en.aspx#/Data/18289/18 |title=Members of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly |publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] |website=uplegisassembly.gov.in |access-date=17 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="prs">{{Cite web |url=https://prsindia.org/mlatrack/indrani-devi |title=Indrani Devi |access-date=17 June 2024 |website=prsindia.org |publisher=[[PRS Legislative Research]]}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Samajwadi Party]].<ref name="prs"/><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://samajwadiparty.in/members-of-vidhan-sabha |title=Member Of Vidhan Sabha |website=samajwadiparty.in |publisher=[[Samajwadi Party]] |access-date=17 June 2024}}</ref>

==Early life==

Indrani Devi was born on 15 June 1969 in [[Shahpur, Uttar Pradesh]], to a [[Hindu]] family of Avadh Bihari Verma.<ref name="upla"/> He married Gyan Prakash on 12 February 1982. They have six children.<ref name="upla"/>

== See also ==

* [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]]
* [[Bhinga Assembly constituency]]
* [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devi, Indrani}}
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Women members of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:People from Muzaffarnagar district]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2012–2017]]

{{UttarPradesh-SP-politician-stub}}

Merry Christmas (2024 film)

2026-04-06T14:42:13Z

Dhwanika Joshi: adding a details!

{{Short description|Indian mystery thriller film by Sriram Raghavan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Merry Christmas
| image = Merry Christmas film poster.jpg
| alt = 
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Sriram Raghavan]]
| writer = {{Ubl |'''Hindi Version:''' | Sriram Raghavan | Arijit Biswas | Tamojit Das | Pooja Ladha Surti | Anukriti Pandey | '''Tamil Version:'''| Pratheep Kumar S | Abdul Jabbar | Prasanna Bala Natarajan | Lata Karthikeyan}}
| based_on = {{based on|''Le Monte-charge''|[[Frédéric Dard]]}}<ref name=SaibalNDTV/>
| producer = {{Ubl | [[Ramesh Taurani]] | Jaya Taurani | Sanjay Routray | Kewal Garg | Anish Vikramaditya}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|

*[[Katrina Kaif]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://annavetticadgoes2themovies.blogspot.com/2024/01/review-790-merry-christmas.html |title=REVIEW 790: MERRY CHRISTMAS |date=15 January 2024 |last=M. M. Vetticad |first=Anna |author-link=Anna M. M. Vetticad |quote=Kaif’s name comes first in the beginning |access-date=16 March 2024 |archive-date=16 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316214930/https://annavetticadgoes2themovies.blogspot.com/2024/01/review-790-merry-christmas.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Vijay Sethupathi]]
}}
| cinematography = [[Madhu Neelakandan]]
| editing = Pooja Ladha Surti
| music = {{Ubl | '''Songs:''' | [[Pritam]] | '''Score:''' | Daniel B. George}}
| studio = {{Ubl | [[Tips Industries|Tips Films]] | [[Matchbox Shots|Matchbox Pictures]]}}
| distributor = [[Pen India Limited|Pen Marudhar Entertainment]] through [[UFO Moviez]](Hindi)
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|1|12|ref1=}}
| runtime = 144 minutes<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/merry-christmas-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmde4njg0 |title=''Merry Christmas'' (12A) |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |date=11 January 2024 |access-date=11 January 2024 |archive-date=11 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111053325/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/merry-christmas-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmde4njg0 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = {{Ubl | Hindi | Tamil}}
| budget = {{INR|60 crore}}<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Yadav |first1=Nikita |title=Merry Christmas Cast Salary: Here's How Much Katrina Kaif-Vijay Sethupathi Charged For The Film |url=https://lehren.com/entertainment/bollywood/merry-christmas-cast-salary-heres-how-much-katrina-kaif-vijay-sethupathi-charged-for-the-film/186156/ |access-date=13 February 2024 |website=[[Lehren]]|date=January 2024 }}</ref>
| gross = {{INR|26.02 crore}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Merry Christmas Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/merry-christmas/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office |access-date=16 January 2024 |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=11 March 2024 |archive-date=13 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113084725/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/merry-christmas/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office |url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

'''''Merry Christmas''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Mystery film|mystery]] [[thriller film]] directed by [[Sriram Raghavan]] and produced by [[Tips Industries|Tips Films]] together with [[Matchbox Pictures]]. The film, a [[Hindi]]-[[Tamil language|Tamil]] [[Multiple-language version|bilingual]], stars [[Katrina Kaif]] and [[Vijay Sethupathi]], alongside [[Ashwini Kalsekar]], [[Luke Kenny]], and Pari Maheshwari Sharma. The basic plot of the film was based on [[Frédéric Dard]]'s French novel ''Le Monte-charge'' (''Bird in a Cage'').<ref name="SaibalNDTV" />

The film was officially announced in December 2021. Principal photography commenced the same month in [[Mumbai]] along with a sporadic schedule in [[Uttar Pradesh]], which was again followed with a schedule in the former location, and [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] by mid-January 2023. The film has music composed by [[Pritam]], cinematography handled by [[Madhu Neelakandan]] and editing by Pooja Ladha Surti.

After several postponements, ''Merry Christmas'' was released in theaters on 12 January 2024. The film received positive reviews, with the performances and the chemistry of Kaif and Sethupathi receiving praise.

At the [[25th IIFA Awards]], the film received one nomination for [[IIFA Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] (Kaif).
It received five nominations at [[70th Filmfare Awards]] including [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Film|Best film (Critics)]] .<ref>{{cite news |title=Nominations for The 70th Hyundai Filmfare Awards 2025 With Gujarat Tourism: Full List Out
|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-70th-hyundai-filmfare-awards-2025-with-gujarat-tourism-full-list-out-78037.html|date=26 September 2025|website=Filmfare}}</ref>
==Plot==
In 1980s [[Bombay]], Albert Arogyasami returns home after seven years on Christmas Eve. He goes to a restaurant, where he bumps into a man who seems to be running away from his date. Later, Albert meets the man's date, Maria, and informs her about the situation. Maria is with her mute daughter, Annie, who seems to be the reason the man ran away. They spend some time together, and Maria invites Albert to celebrate Christmas at her house, to which he agrees.

At Maria's house, she puts Annie to bed and spends time with Albert. They dance together and share some wine. Albert admires a Christmas tree in Maria's living room and attaches to it an ornament that he bought earlier in the day (and also shown Annie). Maria then invites Albert to take a stroll for more fun, and they explore the neighborhood festivities, forming a bond between them. Before leaving, Maria leaves a note informing her husband that she is out with a friend.

A few hours later, Maria and Albert return to her house, only to find a dead body sitting in the chair. Maria identifies the body as her husband, Jerome. The body appears to have been shot in the heart, with the gun still in his hand. Maria's earlier note is found crumpled near him. Maria tries to call the police, but Albert stops her. Albert confesses ruefully that he had just been released from prison that day after serving a seven-year sentence for the murder of his lover, Rosie. He warns that his presence will make the situation worse, as the police will likely suspect that he and Maria conspired to kill Jerome. Maria is shocked, and implores Albert to leave her house immediately. Albert leaves, asking Maria to handle the situation. Before leaving, Albert attempts to erase all evidence of his presence, such his fingerprint on the glasses etc. However, the Christmas tree no longer has the ornament he attached earlier.

Albert doesn't go home immediately. Instead, he stops at a tea stall nearby. To his surprise, he sees Maria, who should be waiting for the police at her house, rushing off somewhere. He follows her to a church, where Maria is again at the church. Maria fakes fainting, prompting a fellow attendee at the church, Ronnie, who is attracted to Maria, to offer help. Ronnie intends to have a connection with her by assisting her. Albert, still determined to uncover the truth, also offers help. Together, Ronnie and Albert (acting as a stranger) take Maria back to her house, where Albert is shocked to find that Jerome's dead body and all evidence of the crime have disappeared. The house now looks completely normal. Albert again sees his ornament. on the tree.

Ronnie intentionally leaves his wallet on Maria's couch, secretly looking forward to an excuse to return later. At this point, Maria claims she left something at the church and needs to retrieve it. Ronnie, wanting to pursue Maria offers to drop Albert off on the way. Albert, pretending to go back to his house instead goes to Maria's manor, where he is stunned to again see Jerome's dead body, and again, no ornament on the tree. Soon Maria and Ronnie arrive to an identical crime scene from hours ago. Maria, again reacting surprised implores Ronnie to call the police. However, she sees Albert in the house who she pushes out of the back door.

Ronnie calls the police, suggesting to Maria that they leave Albert's name out of the story as he only plans to be in the city for day, and it would be unfair to drag him into the mess. Meanwhile an escaping Albert is forced to retreat back into Maria's building as he sees the police outside. However, he stumbles upon an entrance of a different floor.

While Maria and Ronnie give their statement to the police on a different floor, Albert begins to realizes what has been happening:

<blockquote>
Maria has two identical apartments — one above with Jerome's dead body and one below that is clean of any crime. Maria first invites guests to the clean house, where nothing appears suspicious. Then she takes the guests out and returns to the house above, where Jerome's dead body is. Since the two houses are only one floor apart, and due to impeccable planning of the interior decor, most ordinary humans will not notice they are being taken to another exactly identical apartment, particularly since they always take the elevator, where Maria typically creates a distraction. Most guests would think they are and they were, in the same house. This creates a perfect alibi for Maria, as any guest would confidently testify that Maria was with them the entire time when Jerome was found dead.
</blockquote>

Once the police and Ronnie depart, Maria enters her fake apartment with a chainsaw to begin destroying evidence of her duplicity. She is once again shocked to see Albert and attempts to attack him. He on the other hand calms her down and offers to help her destroy the evidence. While participating in heavy-duty destruction, they also uncover Ronnie's wallet. While Maria suggests they burn it, Albert offers to drop in the Church lost and found, unknowing that Ronnie had intentionally slipped the wallet into the sofa crevice upon his initial visit.

The next day Albert is called to the police station where he is interrogated about the previous night's events. He also leaves a paper swan on the inspector's desk before entering the interrogation room. Intermittently, Maria is also called in to give her confession. While she initially leaves Albert out of her statement, seeing the swan (Albert's signature which he had also made for her the night before), Maria mentions that she forgot to mention that another man also helped her in the Church. As Albert exits the interrogation room, he sees both Maria and Ronnie in the station.

When Ronnie is asked to give his statement, he confesses to intentionally leaving his wallet in the house, and suspects that a thief may have entered the house and killed Jerome in an attempt to flee. Albert is asked for his release papers during which he accidentally pulls out Ronnie's wallet from his pocket but quickly hides it before anyone notices. When all three members are released to leave, Annie suddenly is able to speak once again, announcing that Santa (Albert) had given her the Christmas ornament.

Maria hugs Annie in glee. The police are shocked, realizing there might be a conspiracy involving Maria. In a last minute twist, Albert comes forward and presents Ronnie's wallet to the police, with a guilty looking facial expression. He also pulls put a ring from his pocket, presumably the one that he intended to give to his ex-girlfriend Rosie, offering some motive for his killing of Jerome to remove attention away from Maria. The film ends as Maria instead puts her hand out for Albert to place the ring on her finger. Albert happily obliges and takes a seat on the suspects bench.

== Cast ==

As per the film's closing credits:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://annavetticadgoes2themovies.blogspot.com/2024/01/review-790-merry-christmas.html |title=REVIEW 790: MERRY CHRISTMAS |date=15 January 2024 |last=M. M. Vetticad |first=Anna |author-link=Anna M. M. Vetticad |quote=Sethupathi’s comes first in the closing scroll |access-date=16 March 2024 |archive-date=16 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316214930/https://annavetticadgoes2themovies.blogspot.com/2024/01/review-790-merry-christmas.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Cast listing|
*[[Vijay Sethupathi]] as Albert Arogyaswami
*[[Katrina Kaif]] as Maria
*[[Tinnu Anand]] (Hindi) / [[Rajesh (Tamil actor)|Rajesh]] (Tamil) as Yadhoom Uncle
*[[Sanjay Kapoor]] (Hindi) / Kavin Jay Babu (Tamil) as Ronnie
*[[Ashwini Kalsekar]] as Scarlett, Ronnie's wife
*[[Luke Kenny]] as Jerome, Maria's husband
*Pari Maheshwari Sharma as Annie, Maria's daughter
*[[Vinay Pathak]] as Police inspector Paresh Kamdar (Hindi)
**[[Shanmugarajan]] as Police inspector S. Devaraj (Tamil)
*[[Pratima Kazmi]] (Hindi) / [[Radhika Sarathkumar]] (Tamil) as Police constable Lakshmi
}}

=== Cameo appearances ===
*[[Radhika Apte]] as Rosie
*[[Gayathrie]] as a singer
*[[Sahil Vaid]] as Maria's date

== Production ==

=== Development ===
In January 2021, it was reported that director [[Sriram Raghavan]] had put his directorial venture ''Ekkis'', starring [[Varun Dhawan]], on hold due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] and began working on a new project, which he reportedly approached [[Katrina Kaif]] and [[Saif Ali Khan]] to play the lead roles.<ref name="S">{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/news/not-vijay-sethupathi-but-this-actor-was-the-first-choice-for-sriram-raghavan-merry-christmas-2023-12-29-909454 |title=Not Vijay Sethupathi but THIS actor was the first choice for Sriram Raghavan's Merry Christmas |date=29 December 2023 |website=indiatvnews.com |access-date=16 March 2024 |archive-date=18 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918153214/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/news/not-vijay-sethupathi-but-this-actor-was-the-first-choice-for-sriram-raghavan-merry-christmas-2023-12-29-909454 |url-status=live}}</ref> Although Khan okayed the script, he was replaced by Tamil actor [[Vijay Sethupathi]] since the film required a fresh pairing.<ref name="S"/><ref>{{Cite news |date=11 January 2021 |title=Katrina Kaif signs Sriram Raghavan's next opposite Vijay Sethupathi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/katrina-kaif-signs-sriram-raghavans-next-opposite-vijay-sethupathi/articleshow/80209667.cms?from=mdr&from=mdr |access-date=14 January 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=14 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114004315/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/katrina-kaif-signs-sriram-raghavans-next-opposite-vijay-sethupathi/articleshow/80209667.cms?from=mdr&from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref> The film's launch was reported to be made in April, however, due to the second wave of [[COVID-19 pandemic]] and Kaif testing positive for COVID-19, the launch was delayed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 April 2021 |title=Vijay Sethupathi & Katrina Kaif's Merry Christmas postponed |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-sethupathi-katrina-kaifs-merry-christmas-postponed/articleshow/82270599.cms?from=mdr |access-date=17 September 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928185928/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-sethupathi-katrina-kaifs-merry-christmas-postponed/articleshow/82270599.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref> On 25 December, the film was officially announced with Ramesh Taurani and Sanjay Routray as producers.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 December 2021 |title='Merry Christmas': Katrina Kaif teams up with Sriram Raghavan and Vijay Sethupathi for her next project |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/merry-christmas-katrina-kaif-teams-up-with-sriram-raghavan-and-vijay-sethupathi-for-her-next-project/articleshow/88486815.cms?from=mdr |access-date=17 September 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928185924/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/merry-christmas-katrina-kaif-teams-up-with-sriram-raghavan-and-vijay-sethupathi-for-her-next-project/articleshow/88486815.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref> The title "Merry Christmas" was suggested by [[Dinesh Vijan]], when the director considered titles containing the word "raat" (night) such as ''Raat Akeli Hai'', ''Raat Ke Hamsafar'' and ''Baat Ek Raat Ki''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 January 2024 |title='Both Katrina Kaif and Vijay Sethupathi have elevated the writing with their performances in Merry Christmas' - Sriram Raghavan- Exclusive! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/both-katrina-kaif-and-vijay-sethupathi-have-elevated-the-writing-with-their-performances-in-merry-christmas-sriram-raghavan-exclusive/articleshow/106760089.cms?from=mdr |access-date=19 January 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=12 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112105329/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/both-katrina-kaif-and-vijay-sethupathi-have-elevated-the-writing-with-their-performances-in-merry-christmas-sriram-raghavan-exclusive/articleshow/106760089.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
Director [[Sriram Raghavan]] initially approached [[Saif Ali Khan]] for the role of Albert, since they had worked together in ''[[Ek Hasina Thi (film)|Ek Hasina Thi]]'' and ''[[Agent Vinod (2012 film)|Agent Vinod]]''. Khan liked the subject of the movie and accepted the role, but later, the director changed his mind and selected [[Vijay Sethupathi]] for the lead role of Albert, thinking that Khan would not be the right fit for the role.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 January 2024 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Sriram Raghavan clarifies he didn't reject Saif Ali Khan for Merry Christmas though the actor was upset: "He had liked the subject" : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/exclusive-sriram-raghavan-clarifies-didnt-reject-saif-ali-khan-merry-christmas-though-actor-upset-liked-subject/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206134108/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/exclusive-sriram-raghavan-clarifies-didnt-reject-saif-ali-khan-merry-christmas-though-actor-upset-liked-subject/ |archive-date=6 February 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=10 January 2024 |title=Saif Ali Khan wasn't happy about being dumped from Merry Christmas, but Sriram Raghavan was sure he'd 'made a mistake' by casting him |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/saif-ali-khan-wasnt-happy-about-being-dumped-from-merry-christmas-sriram-raghavan-made-a-mistake-by-casting-him-9102771/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203094629/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/saif-ali-khan-wasnt-happy-about-being-dumped-from-merry-christmas-sriram-raghavan-made-a-mistake-by-casting-him-9102771/ |archive-date=3 February 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Producer Ramesh, while speaking to ETimes, said "Vijay suited the role perfectly so we approached him for this film." and "Katrina was always our only choice for the role right from the beginning."<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 March 2022 |title=Katrina Kaif and Vijay Sethupathi were the only choice for 'Merry Christmas', says producer Ramesh Taurani |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/katrina-kaif-and-vijay-sethupathi-were-the-only-choice-for-merry-christmas-says-producer-ramesh-taurani/articleshow/90034738.cms?from=mdr |access-date=17 September 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928184450/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/katrina-kaif-and-vijay-sethupathi-were-the-only-choice-for-merry-christmas-says-producer-ramesh-taurani/articleshow/90034738.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref> In early March 2022, [[Sanjay Kapoor]] was announced to play an important role in the Hindi version of the film.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite news |date=2 March 2022 |title=Sanjay Kapoor roped in for Katrina Kaif and Vijay Sethupathi starrer 'Merry Christmas' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sanjay-kapoor-roped-in-for-katrina-kaif-and-vijay-sethupathi-starrer-merry-christmas/articleshow/89949429.cms?from=mdr |access-date=17 September 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928185927/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sanjay-kapoor-roped-in-for-katrina-kaif-and-vijay-sethupathi-starrer-merry-christmas/articleshow/89949429.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref> In April, [[Radhika Sarathkumar]] was also announced being a part of the cast of the Tamil version.<ref name="A" /> [[Vinay Pathak]] was announced as a part of the cast of the Hindi version in August. He was further more said to be playing a key role in the film.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite news |date=7 August 2022 |title=Katrina Kaif's Merry Christmas moves shoot from Chitrakoot to Vrindavan studios - Exclusive |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/katrina-kaifs-merry-christmas-moves-shoot-from-chitrakoot-to-vrindavan-studios-exclusive/articleshow/93414858.cms?from=mdr |access-date=17 September 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928185922/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/katrina-kaifs-merry-christmas-moves-shoot-from-chitrakoot-to-vrindavan-studios-exclusive/articleshow/93414858.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Shanmugarajan]] reprises Vinay Pathak's role in the Tamil version.<ref name="T" /> In July 2023, [[Ashwini Kalsekar]] and [[Radhika Apte]] were announced to be playing a cameo in the film.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news |date=17 July 2023 |title=Katrina Kaif and Vijay Sethupathi starrer 'Merry Christmas' to release on December 15, 2023 - See poster |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/katrina-kaif-and-vijay-sethupathi-starrer-merry-christmas-to-release-on-december-15-2023-see-poster/articleshow/101818872.cms?from=mdr |access-date=17 September 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928184449/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/katrina-kaif-and-vijay-sethupathi-starrer-merry-christmas-to-release-on-december-15-2023-see-poster/articleshow/101818872.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
The [[principal photography]] began on 25 December 2021, with the first schedule in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 December 2021 |title=Vijay Sethupathi & Katrina Kaif start shooting for Merry Christmas! |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-sethupathi-katrina-kaif-start-shooting-for-merry-christmas/articleshow/88491616.cms?from=mdr |access-date=17 September 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928184449/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-sethupathi-katrina-kaif-start-shooting-for-merry-christmas/articleshow/88491616.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref> The shooting was put on hold in early January 2022, due to the rise of COVID-cases.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 January 2022 |title=Shooting of Katrina Kaif's 'Merry Christmas' with Vijay Sethupathi in Delhi cancelled amid rising COVID cases – Details inside |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/shooting-of-katrina-kaifs-merry-christmas-with-vijay-sethupathi-in-delhi-cancelled-amid-rising-covid-cases-details-inside/articleshow/88707064.cms?from=mdr |access-date=17 September 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928185929/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/shooting-of-katrina-kaifs-merry-christmas-with-vijay-sethupathi-in-delhi-cancelled-amid-rising-covid-cases-details-inside/articleshow/88707064.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref> The shooting started again in early February in [[Filmistan]] Studio in Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 January 2022 |title=Katrina Kaif to shoot 'Merry Christmas' in Mumbai next month – Exclusive! |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/katrina-kaif-to-shoot-merry-christmas-in-mumbai-next-month-exclusive/articleshow/88885240.cms?from=mdr |access-date=17 September 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928184451/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/katrina-kaif-to-shoot-merry-christmas-in-mumbai-next-month-exclusive/articleshow/88885240.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref> Sanjay started filming his portions in March.<ref name="auto2"/> Katrina continued filming her portions on 11 March.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 March 2022 |title=Katrina Kaif starts shooting for 'Merry Christmas' co-starring Vijay Sethupathi; Shares a picture from the sets |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/katrina-kaif-starts-shooting-for-merry-christmas-co-starring-vijay-sethupathi-shares-a-picture-from-the-sets/articleshow/90152851.cms?from=mdr |access-date=17 September 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928184450/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/katrina-kaif-starts-shooting-for-merry-christmas-co-starring-vijay-sethupathi-shares-a-picture-from-the-sets/articleshow/90152851.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref> The first schedule concluded in March.The second schedule commenced on 19 March in a studio in [[Chitrakoot district|Chitrakoot]]. The schedule was said to be 45-days long.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 March 2022 |title=Katrina Kaif and Vijay Sethupathi kick-start the second schedule of 'Merry Christmas' in Mumbai: Reports |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/katrina-kaif-and-vijay-sethupathi-kick-start-the-second-schedule-of-merry-christmas-in-mumbai-reports/articleshow/90315777.cms?from=mdr |access-date=17 September 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928184450/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/katrina-kaif-and-vijay-sethupathi-kick-start-the-second-schedule-of-merry-christmas-in-mumbai-reports/articleshow/90315777.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref>

Raadhika Sarathkumar started filming her portions in April.<ref name="A">{{Cite news |date=21 April 2022 |title=Radikaa Sarathkumar shoots with Katrina Kaif for their Hindi film |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/radikaa-sarathkumar-shoots-with-katrina-kaif-for-their-hindi-film/articleshow/90977808.cms?from=mdr |access-date=17 September 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928185930/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/radikaa-sarathkumar-shoots-with-katrina-kaif-for-their-hindi-film/articleshow/90977808.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref> Due to a fire incident in the district in August, the schedule was moved to a studio in [[Vrindavan]].<ref name="auto1"/> The second schedule finished in November. In the third schedule, which commenced in November in [[Mumbai]], pictures of Katrina, Sethupathi and Kapoor from the sets were released on social media's by [[Paparazzi|paparazzi's]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 November 2022 |title=ETimes Exclusive! Katrina Kaif shoots late at night for 'Merry Christmas' with Vijay Sethupathi and Sanjay Kapoor |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/etimes-exclusive-katrina-kaif-shoots-late-at-night-for-merry-christmas-with-vijay-sethupathi-and-sanjay-kapoor/articleshow/95483763.cms?from=mdr |access-date=17 September 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928184450/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/etimes-exclusive-katrina-kaif-shoots-late-at-night-for-merry-christmas-with-vijay-sethupathi-and-sanjay-kapoor/articleshow/95483763.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref> Further more pictures were taken few more days after the former.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite news |date=24 November 2022 |title=Katrina Kaif and Vijay Sethupathi ride around South Mumbai in a taxi for 'Merry Christmas' shoot - Photos inside. |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/katrina-kaif-and-vijay-sethupathi-ride-around-south-mumbai-in-a-taxi-for-merry-christmas-shoot-photos-inside-/articleshow/95734181.cms?from=mdr |access-date=17 September 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928184450/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/katrina-kaif-and-vijay-sethupathi-ride-around-south-mumbai-in-a-taxi-for-merry-christmas-shoot-photos-inside-/articleshow/95734181.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref> The principal photography [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] in January 2023, with an official confirmation on Sethupathi's birthday.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 January 2023 |title=On Vijay Sethupathi's birthday, team Merry Christmas, Sanjay Kapoor and others announce a wrap |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/on-vijay-sethupathis-birthday-team-merry-christmas-sanjay-kapoor-and-others-announce-a-wrap/articleshow/97034417.cms?from=mdr |access-date=17 September 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928184451/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/on-vijay-sethupathis-birthday-team-merry-christmas-sanjay-kapoor-and-others-announce-a-wrap/articleshow/97034417.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Post-production ===
Raghavan started the post-production works in mid November 2022, as the filming was in the last schedule.<ref name="auto3"/> Raghavan, in May 2023, revealed that the film is a bilingual film, meaning that it was simultaneously shot in [[Hindi]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] languages.<ref name="T">{{Cite news |date=4 May 2023 |title=Sriram Raghavan spills the beans on Vijay Sethupathi and Katrina Kaif's 'Merry Christmas'; says 'it is a love story' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sriram-raghavan-spills-the-beans-on-vijay-sethupathi-and-katrina-kaifs-merry-christmas-says-it-is-a-love-story/articleshow/99992445.cms?from=mdr |access-date=17 September 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928184452/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sriram-raghavan-spills-the-beans-on-vijay-sethupathi-and-katrina-kaifs-merry-christmas-says-it-is-a-love-story/articleshow/99992445.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref> The film marks Raghavan's and Kaif's debut in [[Tamil cinema]]. Each version will reportedly have a different set of co-actors.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/merry-christmas-heres-makers-katrina-kaif-vijay-sethupathi-starrer-unveiled-different-posters-tamil-hindi/ |title=Merry Christmas: Here's why the makers of Katrina Kaif and Vijay Sethupathi starrer unveiled different posters for Tamil and Hindi : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |first=Bollywood |last=Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=14 August 2023 |access-date=23 September 2023 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928184449/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/merry-christmas-heres-makers-katrina-kaif-vijay-sethupathi-starrer-unveiled-different-posters-tamil-hindi/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deepa Venkat]] dubbed for Katrina's character in the Tamil version of the film.{{citation needed|date=February 2024}}

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Merry Christmas
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Pritam]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 24 January 2024
| recorded = 2021–22
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 19:08 (Hindi) 14:36 (Tamil)
| language = {{ubl|Hindi|Telugu|Tamil}}
| label = [[Tips Industries|Tips Music]]
| prev_title = [[Dunki (film)|Dunki]]
| prev_year = 2023
| year = 2024
| next_title = [[Chandu Champion]]
| next_year = 2024
}}

The music is composed by [[Pritam]], marking his Tamil debut.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=15 December 2023 |title=Merry Christmas Cast List {{!}} Merry Christmas Movie Star Cast {{!}} Release Date {{!}} Movie Trailer {{!}} Review- Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/merry-christmas/cast/ |access-date=17 September 2023 |language=en |archive-date=12 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012175451/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/merry-christmas/cast/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The audio rights were acquired by [[Tips Music]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2023 |title=Vijay Sethupathi and Katrina Kaif's 'Merry Christmas' is already looking wicked good |url=https://www.vogue.in/content/vijay-sethupathi-and-katrina-kaifs-merry-christmas-is-already-looking-wicked-good |access-date=17 September 2023 |website=Vogue India |language=en-IN |archive-date=30 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930015229/https://www.vogue.in/content/vijay-sethupathi-and-katrina-kaifs-merry-christmas-is-already-looking-wicked-good |url-status=live}}</ref> The first single titled "Merry Christmas Title Track" was released on 25 December 2023. The second single titled "Nazar Teri Toofan" was released on 4 January 2024.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/makers-katrina-kaif-vijay-sethupathi-starrer-merry-christmas-release-heartfelt-song-nazar-teri-toofan/ |title=Makers of Katrina Kaif and Vijay Sethupathi starrer Merry Christmas release heartfelt song 'Nazar Teri Toofan' |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=4 January 2024 |access-date=4 January 2024 |archive-date=4 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104133553/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/makers-katrina-kaif-vijay-sethupathi-starrer-merry-christmas-release-heartfelt-song-nazar-teri-toofan/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The third single titled "Raat Akeli Thi" was released on 10 January 2024.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/bollywood/raat-akeli-thi-katrina-vijay-spark-romance-in-merry-christmas-song-1503258179.html |title=Raat Akeli Thi: Katrina-Vijay spark romance in 'Merry Christmas' song |work=The Statesman |date=10 January 2024 |access-date=11 January 2024 |archive-date=11 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111054803/https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/bollywood/raat-akeli-thi-katrina-vijay-spark-romance-in-merry-christmas-song-1503258179.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Hindi
| total_length = 25:42
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_lyrics = [[Varun Grover (writer)|Varun Grover]]
| title1 = Merry Christmas (Title Track)
| extra1 = [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]
| length1 = 2:32
| title2 = Nazar Teri Toofan
| extra2 = Raghav Chaitanya
| length2 = 4:03
| title3 = Raat Akeli Thi
| extra3 = Tushar Joshi & [[Shilpa Rao]]
| length3 = 4:26
| title4 = Dil Ki Mez
| extra4 = [[Shalmali Kholgade]]
| length4 = 3:37
| title5 = Nazar Teri Toofan
| note5 = Film Version
| extra5 = [[Papon (singer)|Papon]]
| length5 = 4:04
| title6 = Raat Akeli Thi
| note6 = Film Version
| extra6 = [[Arijit Singh]] & [[Antara Mitra]]
| length6 = 4:26
| title7 = Merry Christmas (Title Song)
| note7 = Male Version
| extra7 = [[Ash King]]
| length7 = 2:34
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Tamil
| total_length = 14:36
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_lyrics = [[Yugabharathi]]
| title1 = Merry Christmas - Title Track
| extra1 = [[Benny Dayal]]
| length1 = 2:32
| title2 = Anbe Vidai
| extra2 = [[Sreerama Chandra]]
| length2 = 4:03
| title3 = Kanadha Kadal
| extra3 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Anusha Mani]]
| length3 = 4:24
| title4 = Neela Ravile
| extra4 = [[Jonita Gandhi]]
| length4 = 3:37
}}

== Release ==

=== Theatrical ===
''Merry Christmas'' was initially set to release in cinemas on 23 December 2022, but got delayed due to production delays.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2022 |title=Katrina Kaif and Vijay Sethupathi starrer 'Merry Christmas' release date postponed; Here's why |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/katrina-kaif-and-vijay-sethupathi-starrer-merry-christmas-release-date-postponed-heres-why/articleshow/95166470.cms |access-date=17 September 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928184452/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/katrina-kaif-and-vijay-sethupathi-starrer-merry-christmas-release-date-postponed-heres-why/articleshow/95166470.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> Then it was planned for a December 2023 release, before being rescheduled to 12 January 2024.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/katrina-kaif-vijay-sethupathi-starrer-merry-christmas-pre-proponed-december-8-2023-averts-clash-sidharth-malhotra-starrer-yodha/ |title=Katrina Kaif – Vijay Sethupathi starrer Merry Christmas pre-proponed to December 8, 2023; averts clash with Sidharth Malhotra starrer Yodha |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=3 October 2023 |access-date=3 October 2023 |archive-date=3 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003070915/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/katrina-kaif-vijay-sethupathi-starrer-merry-christmas-pre-proponed-december-8-2023-averts-clash-sidharth-malhotra-starrer-yodha/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The streaming rights were bought by [[Netflix]] for {{INRConvert|60|c}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 July 2023 |title=Katrina Kaif and Vijay Sethupathi's 'Merry Christmas' streaming rights sold for over Rs 60 crore: Report |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/katrina-kaif-and-vijay-sethupathis-streaming-rights-sold-for-over-rs-60-crore-report/articleshow/102097843.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928185933/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/katrina-kaif-and-vijay-sethupathis-streaming-rights-sold-for-over-rs-60-crore-report/articleshow/102097843.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=28 September 2023 |access-date=17 September 2023 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Rawat |first=Sudeep Singh |date=15 January 2024 |title=Merry Christmas Box Office Collection Day 4: Vijay's movie collects 10 cr |url=https://www.business-standard.com/entertainment/merry-christmas-box-office-collection-day-4-vijay-s-movie-collects-10-cr-124011500642_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918153215/https://www.business-standard.com/entertainment/merry-christmas-box-office-collection-day-4-vijay-s-movie-collects-10-cr-124011500642_1.html |archive-date=18 September 2024 |access-date=13 February 2024 |website=[[Business Standard]] |quote=The movie received a positive audience response and an 8.5 rating on IMDb.}}</ref> and premiered on 8 March 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Merry Christmas starring Katrina Kaif and Vijay Sethupathi set for Netflix premiere on March 8, 2024 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/merry-christmas-starring-katrina-kaif-vijay-sethupathi-set-netflix-premiere-march-8-2024/ |access-date=7 March 2024 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=7 March 2024 |archive-date=18 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918153254/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/merry-christmas-starring-katrina-kaif-vijay-sethupathi-set-netflix-premiere-march-8-2024/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Reception==

=== Critical response ===
{{multiple image
| width1 = 150
| footer = Critics praised the performances of [[Katrina Kaif]] and [[Vijay Sethupathi]].
| image1 = Katrina Kaif promoting Bharat in 2019.jpg
| alt1 = A picture of Katrina Kaif
| caption1 =
| width2 = 140
| image2 = Vijay-sethupathi-c-prem-kumar-devadarshini-at-the-96-success-meet-photos-0018.jpg
| alt2 = A picture of Vijay Sethupathi
| caption2 =
}}
''Merry Christmas'' received positive reviews from critics and audiences, particularly praising the performances and the chemistry of Kaif and Sethupathi''.''<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |title=Vijay Sethupathi's Merry Christmas OTT Release Date Confirmed |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/ott/box-office-bust-merry-christmas-to-premiere-on-netflix-in-march-883052 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250207083808/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/amp/entertainment/ott/box-office-bust-merry-christmas-to-premiere-on-netflix-in-march-883052 |archive-date=7 February 2025 |access-date=7 February 2025 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |quote=While critics lauded the stellar performances and the captivating chemistry between Katrina Kaif and Vijay Sethupathi, "Merry Christmas" struggled to find its footing commercially.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Merry Christmas OTT release: Katrina Kaif-Vijay Sethupathi starrer set to release on Netflix on March 8 |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/merry-christmas-ott-release-katrina-kaif-vijay-sethupati-starrer-set-to-release-on-netflix-on-march-8-11709830801754.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250207083944/https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/merry-christmas-ott-release-katrina-kaif-vijay-sethupati-starrer-set-to-release-on-netflix-on-march-8/amp-11709830801754.html |archive-date=7 February 2025 |access-date=7 February 2025 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |quote=The movie earned critical approval in multiple movie reviews.}}</ref> {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=85|count=20|average=6.5|ref=yes |access-date=14 January 2024}}

In [[Film Companion]], Rahul Desai described the film as "exceptional and remarkably moving… a sublime deconstruction of the romantic thriller" and highlighted the "self-contained" chemistry between Kaif and Sethupathi. He praised the duo's performances and especially singled out Kaif for giving "a performance within a performance", in which she "nails the ambiguity of a mother disguised as a woman".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/bollywood-review/merry-christmas-review-sriram-raghavans-film-is-exceptional-and-remarkably-moving |title=Merry Christmas Review: Sriram Raghavan's Film is Exceptional, and Remarkably Moving |website=[[Film Companion]] |first=Rahul |last=Desai |date=12 January 2024 |access-date=12 January 2024 |archive-date=12 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112192205/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/bollywood-review/merry-christmas-review-sriram-raghavans-film-is-exceptional-and-remarkably-moving |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Saibal Chatterjee]] of [[NDTV]] gave 3.5 stars out of 5 and hailed the film as "a delightfully inventive cinematic ride that employs a very 1980s Hindi cinema soundscape and an evocative and transportive colour palette". He liked the contrast between Kaif and Sethupathi and opined that the former gave "one of most convincing screen performances of her career, portraying confusion and vulnerability cloaked in occasional flashes of steely determination".<ref name=SaibalNDTV>{{cite web |last=Chatterjee |first=Saibal |title=Merry Christmas Review: Katrina Kaif-Vijay Sethupathi Thriller Bewitches Even When It Baffles |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/merry-christmas-review-katrina-kaif-vijay-sethupathi-thriller-bewitches-even-when-it-baffles-3-5-stars-4848725 |access-date=12 January 2024 |publisher=NDTV |date=12 January 2024 |archive-date=12 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112102803/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/merry-christmas-review-katrina-kaif-vijay-sethupathi-thriller-bewitches-even-when-it-baffles-3-5-stars-4848725 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 3 stars out of 5 and felt that "Despite their unusual pairing, Katrina Kaif and Vijay Sethupathi manage to work together, as she once more demonstrates her acting prowess behind all the pancake and bump-and-grind.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |title=Merry Christmas movie review: Terrific Katrina Kaif, Vijay Sethupathi deliver a solid start to the new year |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/merry-christmas-movie-review-terrific-katrina-kaif-vijay-sethupathi-deliver-a-solid-start-to-the-new-year-9106203/ |access-date=12 January 2024 |website=The Indian Express |date=12 January 2024 |archive-date=12 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112044719/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/merry-christmas-movie-review-terrific-katrina-kaif-vijay-sethupathi-deliver-a-solid-start-to-the-new-year-9106203/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Monika Rawal Kukreja of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' said that "You won't jump out of this Vijay Sethupathi and Katrina Kaif film when it comes to any major surprise or the conclusion, but you will enjoy excellent cinematography clever writing and an interesting movie that keeps you on the edge of your seat. Even if you only see it once, Sriram Raghavan's cinematic universe is worth watching.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kukreja |first=Monika Rawal |title=Merry Christmas movie review: Katrina Kaif and Vijay Sethupathi sparkle in a Sriram Raghavan world |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/merry-christmas-movie-review-katrina-kaif-vijay-sethupathi-101705029415818.html |access-date=12 January 2024 |website=Hindustan Times |date=12 January 2024 |archive-date=12 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112040923/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/merry-christmas-movie-review-katrina-kaif-vijay-sethupathi-101705029415818.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=K.H |first=Team |date=16 March 2024 |title=मेरी क्रिसमस मूवी रिव्यु : उच्च माध्यमिक स्तर के नाटक मानकों तक भी, कटरीना कैफ और विजय सेठुपति की प्रस्तुतियों में कमी |url=https://khabarhartaraf.in/entertainment/merry-christmas-movie-review-a-disappointing-tale-of-missed-chemistry/ |access-date=16 March 2024 |language=en-US |archive-date=16 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316165216/https://khabarhartaraf.in/entertainment/merry-christmas-movie-review-a-disappointing-tale-of-missed-chemistry/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

Anuj Kumar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' called the movie "a sumptuous slice of crime" and said, "In this noirish story of a long night, Katrina Kaif and Vijay Sethupathi make a surprising duo that works well together. The story's crux is more interesting than the conclusion."<ref>{{cite web |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |title='Merry Christmas' movie review: Sriram Raghavan delivers a sumptuous slice of crime thanks to a fabulous Vijay Sethupathi |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/merry-christmas-movie-review-sriram-raghavan-delivers-a-sumptuous-slice-of-crime-thanks-to-a-fabulous-vijay-sethupathi/article67733569.ece |access-date=12 January 2024 |website=The Hindu |date=12 January 2024 |archive-date=12 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112075502/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/merry-christmas-movie-review-sriram-raghavan-delivers-a-sumptuous-slice-of-crime-thanks-to-a-fabulous-vijay-sethupathi/article67733569.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Sukanya Verma]] of [[Rediff.com]] gave 4 stars out of 5 and praised the performance and direction, she wrote "You'll be sighing in Merry Christmas as you've never sighed in a Sriram Raghavan film before thanks to its amazing climax."<ref>{{cite web |last=Sukanya |first=Verma |title=Merry Christmas Review: Ho, Ho, Whoa! |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/merry-christmas-review/20240112.htm |access-date=12 January 2024 |work=Rediff.com |date=12 January 2024 |archive-date=12 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112052736/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/merry-christmas-review/20240112.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> Lachmi Deb Roy of ''[[Firstpost]]'' wrote in her review that "The movie is guaranteed to bring back fond memories for everyone who loves Bombay, particularly for those who adore the Regal theatre, Colaba's alleyways, and the ancient, architecturally stunning homes. The leisurely pacing of the film adds to its allure. Undoubtedly, a Merry Christmas is a unique experience."<ref>{{cite web |last=Roy |first=Lachmi Deb |title=Vijay Sethupathi & Katrina Kaif's Merry Christmas Movie Review: Cleverly made dark comedy |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/vijay-sethupathi-katrina-kaifs-merry-christmas-movie-review-cleverly-made-dark-comedy-13604762.html |access-date=12 January 2024 |website=Firstpost |date=12 January 2024 |archive-date=12 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112045324/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/vijay-sethupathi-katrina-kaifs-merry-christmas-movie-review-cleverly-made-dark-comedy-13604762.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Giving the film 4 stars, Devesh Sharma of ''[[Filmfare]]'' summarised it as "a dark comedy that will make you smile and scratch your head at the same time... a noir that showcases the triumph of human spirit and compassion". He further praised Sethupathi for delivering "another solid performance" and Kaif for showing "she can stand and deliver... in perhaps, her first full-fledged dramatic role".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/merry-christmas-movie-review-63782.html |title=Merry Christmas Movie Review |website=Filmfare |access-date=12 January 2024 |archive-date=13 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113012523/https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/merry-christmas-movie-review-63782.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Award
!Ceremony date
!Category
!Recipients
!Result
!Ref.
|-
|[[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
|[[25th IIFA Awards|9 March 2025]]
|[[IIFA Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Katrina Kaif]]
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|[[Zee Cine Awards]]
|17 May 2025
|[[Best Actress]]
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|rowspan="5"|[[70th Filmfare Awards]]
|rowspan="5"|11 October 2025
|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Film|Best Film (Critics)]]
|[[Sriram Raghavan]]
|{{nom}}
|rowspan="5"|<ref>{{cite news |title=Nominations for The 70th Hyundai Filmfare Awards 2025 With Gujarat Tourism: Full List Out
|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-70th-hyundai-filmfare-awards-2025-with-gujarat-tourism-full-list-out-78037.html|date=26 September 2025|website=Filmfare}}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction]]
|Mayur Sharma
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Background Score|Best Background Score]]
|Daniel B. Gerorge
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]
|[[Varun Grover (writer)|Varun Grover]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|}

== Trivia ==
When Vijay Setupati buys cinema ticket, it shows 'Roxy Cinema' as the name of the theater on the ticket. However, it is actually Regal Theater.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Sriram Raghavan}}

[[Category:2024 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 multilingual films]]
[[Category:2020s mystery thriller films]]
[[Category:2024 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:Films about murder]]
[[Category:Films based on French novels]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sriram Raghavan]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:Indian mystery thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tips Industries films]]
[[Category:Films based on works by Frédéric Dard]]

Jose Rod

2026-04-01T00:45:49Z

Dhwanika Joshi:

{{Short description|Indian singer and composer (born 1963)}}
{{AI-generated|date=March 2026|reason=since v1 from 2024, one of many AI articles by user, note [[WP:AISIGNS]] in undue emphasis on significance, vocab distro typical of LLM output etc}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Jose Rod
| image = Jose Rod at 2000 Konkani musical show.jpg
| caption = Rodrigues at a [[Konkani language|Konkani]] [[musical show]], 2000
| birth_name = Joseph Constancio Rodrigues
| birth_place = [[Curchorem]], Goa, India
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1963|1|18|df=y}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Singer|composer|theatre actor|theatre director|playwright}}
| years_active = {{circa|1968}}–2013
| spouse = {{marriage|Judy Mendes|1993}}
| alma_mater = {{ubl|
* [[Parvatibai Chowgule College]]
* [[Bombay University]]}}
| children = 2
| relatives = {{ubl|
* [[Antonette Mendes]] (mother-in-law)
* [[Romeo Mendes]] (father-in-law)
* [[Fatima D'Souza]] (aunt-in-law)
* [[Anil Kumar (actor)|Anil Kumar]] (uncle-in-law)
* [[Mike Mehta]] (first cousin once removed)}}
}}

'''José Remedios Rodrigues''' (born '''Joseph Constancio Rodrigues'''; 18 January 1963), known professionally as '''Jose Rod''', is an Indian singer, composer, actor, director, playwright, and former [[Association football|footballer]] known for his work in ''[[Tiatr#Khell tiatr|khell tiatr]]'' and ''[[tiatr]]'' productions.

==Early life==
José Remedios Rodrigues, originally baptized as Joseph Constancio Rodrigues, was born on 18 January 1963, in [[Curchorem]], [[Goa]]. Curchorem was a part of [[Portuguese India]] under the [[Portuguese Empire]] at that time. His parents were Constancio Anselmo Rodrigues, who hailed from [[Queula]], and Maria Santana Rodrigues.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Pereira |first=Alfred Succour |date=1993 |title=Marriage Register |url=https://goaonline.gov.in/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030120953/https://goaonline.gov.in/ |archive-date=30 October 2023 |access-date=14 December 2023 |website=Goa Online}}</ref> Rodrigues was the second child among four siblings, with an elder sister and two younger sisters. He grew up in the village of [[Sanvordem]]. Rodrigues completed his [[Secondary School Certificate]] (SSC) from Guardian Angel High School in Sanvordem. He pursued his undergraduate studies at [[Parvatibai Chowgule College]] in [[Gogol, Goa]], and later obtained a postgraduate degree in [[Banking]] from [[Bombay University]]. Soon after completing his higher education, he decided to immigrate to [[Kuwait]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Moreira |first=Mafaldina |date=11 August 2022 |title=Jose Rod - The Goan Review |url=https://online.fliphtml5.com/cmlao/kaku/ |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=The Goan Review |archive-date=2024-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240412032353/https://online.fliphtml5.com/cmlao/kaku/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Career==
Rodrigues made his debut in the ''[[tiatr]]'' industry at the age of 5, under the tutelage of Mike Mehta, a ''tiatr'' figure in the theatre field. His initial debut occurred in the theatrical production known as ''Nitik Sampoddlo'', staged by Albert Carvalho from [[Sanvordem]]. This particular production garnered attention due to its professional cast, including performers like [[M. Boyer]], [[Remmie Colaço]], and [[Jacinto Vaz]]. ''Nitik Sampoddlo'' achieved popularity and was performed across various venues in [[Goa]]. In that historical period, [[Tiatr#Khell tiatr|non-stop shows]] were a widely popular entertainment format in Goa. These shows typically featured sets of 10-12 songs, each structured with a verse and chorus. The songs were intricately woven into the narrative of the play. Rodrigues showcased his talent not only as an actor but also as a singer in these non-stop shows. His dad's cousin, Mike Mehta, played a pivotal role in introducing Rodrigues to the ''tiatr'' scene, casting him in productions such as ''Papagai Canta e Bera'' (Parrot sings and bellows), ''Sunita'', and ''Rogot Goykaranchem'' (Goan Blood). Rodrigues's abilities caught the attention of Anthony San, another popular figure in the ''tiatr'' industry. He was given the opportunity to participate in the non-stop show ''Darvontto'', where he demonstrated his versatility as both an artist and a singer. Rodrigues assumed the role of composing songs for this production, imbuing them with his expertise and delivering performances on stage.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Esteves |first=Pio |date=12 July 2020 |title=Non-stop Rod is entertainment unlimited |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/Nonstop-Rod-is-entertainment-unlimited/162888 |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=oHeraldo |archive-date=2024-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202123004/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/Nonstop-Rod-is-entertainment-unlimited/162888 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Prince Jacob]], another popular director, recognized Rodrigues's talent and offered him a prominent role in his non-stop show ''Pinzrem'' (Cage). Despite his young age of 20, Rodrigues portrayed the character of a villainous 70-year-old man convincingly. He continued to excel in villainous roles in subsequent non-stop shows directed by Prince Jacob, including ''Kagot'' (Paper) and ''Painnem''. Following his successful collaborations with Prince Jacob, Rodrigues was approached by [[Roseferns]] to participate in three of his productions: ''Dovo Kavllo'' (White Crow), ''Girann'', and ''Jem Tujem Tem Mhojem'' (What's yours, so is mine). These opportunities allowed Rodrigues to further refine his skills and gain experience on the ''tiatr'' stage. With his growing understanding of the nuances of ''tiatr'' and his accumulated stage experience, Rodrigues decided to embark on a creative venture alongside Anthony San. Together, they co-wrote and produced two ''tiatrs'', namely ''Bhiradd'' and ''Punn Kiteak?'' (But Why?). These productions served as platforms for Rodrigues to explore new artistic directions and experiment with his creative abilities, further establishing his presence in the ''tiatr'' industry.<ref name=":1" />

Following his experience in ''[[tiatr]]s'', Rodrigues embarked on a solo career as a writer and director. His theatrical presentation known as ''Mauli'' (Spider) reached a significant achievement by successfully concluding 2,018 performances in [[Goa]], establishing a new record for the fastest century of [[Tiatr#Khell tiatr|non-stop shows]] in history. Expanding his creative endeavors, Rodrigues ventured into the music industry with the release of his debut album, ''Noman'', in 2005. The album featured a collection of twelve [[solo (music)|solo]] songs, all performed by Rodrigues himself. Despite its experimental nature, ''Noman'' garnered favorable reception from listeners. Rodrigues further explored his musical talents by releasing additional [[audio cassettes]] and [[CD]]s. When crafting his songs, Rodrigues meticulously gauges the pulse of his audience, incorporating elements such as familial narratives and [[love song]]s to create a comprehensive and commercially viable musical package. As a ''[[tiatrist]]'', Rodrigues has encountered various challenges throughout his career. During a particular occasion, on his way to the first showing of his stage play ''Bhiradd'' in [[Panjim]] at 6:30 pm, Rodrigues was informed that his main actor, Mike Mehta, had been in an accident and was being treated in the [[intensive care unit]]. Mehta portrayed a wealthy character in ''Bhiradd'', while Rodrigues himself was slated to depict a beggar. Within the same ''tiatr'' production, Rodrigues was tasked with delivering comedic performances, while the absence of Comedian Philip at the [[Mapusa]] show presented a challenge. Communication with fellow artists during that era, when mobile phones were not yet ubiquitous, proved to be a complex endeavor. Rodrigues adeptly assumed the roles of comedian, villain, and hero, effectively showcasing his artistic versatility.<ref name=":1" />

Rodrigues as a versatile artist was known for his talents in acting and singing. He has also left a mark on the realm of [[association football|football]]. He represented Goa (U-19) in the sport and even played for the senior division of the [[Goa football team]]. Despite his prowess on the football field, Rodrigues' true liking lies in the world of ''tiatr'', a form of theatrical performance. Such is his dedication to ''tiatr'' that he declined a job offer from a football club, opting to pursue his theatrical career instead. In 2009, Rodrigues faced a significant health challenge that necessitated surgery. This led to a substantial break from his artistic pursuits as he focused on receiving medical treatment and making a full recovery. However, as of 2020, Rodrigues has emerged from this hiatus and embarked on a new creative endeavor. Currently, he is in the process of recording a new album, the details of which he prefers to keep under wraps. Rodrigues guarantees that the forthcoming album will be characterized by its uniqueness and innovative approach, boasting a diverse range of songs featuring popular vocalists.<ref name=":1" />

When it comes to songwriting, Rodrigues gravitates towards themes connected to family, including heartfelt love songs. He takes pride in the warm reception his compositions and performances have received from audiences, and he envisions a similar level of support in the near future. Additionally, Rodrigues nurtures a dream of returning to the stage with a compelling drama production. This undertaking holds a special purpose for him, as he intends to express his deep gratitude to the audience and fans who supported him through their fervent prayers during his challenging period.<ref name=":1" /> Rodrigues has made contributions to the music scene. His vocals can be heard in several songs, and he has released a total of nine [[Konkani language|Konkani]] [[audio album]]s. Among his works are ''Menin Jezu'', ''Angounn'', ''Tarvotti'', ''Adeus'', ''Suskar'', ''Sopnam'', ''Govai'', ''Teag'', and ''Noma''n. The album titled ''Noman'' showcased Rodrigues singular artistry, with all songs composed and performed solely by him.<ref name=":0" />

==Personal life==
Rodrigues has a professional certification as a specialist in [[documentary credits]]. He has familial connections to London, United Kingdom, where his two sisters reside. Rodrigues has established a [[production company]] named Reka Productions, which serves as a tribute to his late youngest sister, Reka. On 5 May 1993, Rodrigues underwent a [[civil marriage]] registration with Judy Philomena Mendes, a resident of [[Bombay]] and the daughter of [[Konkani language|Konkani]] singers [[Antonette Mendes]] and [[Romeo Mendes]] at [[Quepem]]. Subsequently, their wedding ceremony took place on 6 June of the same year at Guardian Angel Church in [[Sanvordem]]. As of 1993, Rodrigues lived in Cariamoddi, Curchorem.<ref name=":2" /> The couple has a son named Jrosky, who currently works as an [[investment banker]] in [[Kuwait]], and a daughter named Juricle, who has obtained certification from the [[Association of Chartered Certified Accountants]] (ACCA) and is employed by [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]], based in [[Bangalore]].<ref name=":0" />

In 1994, Rodrigues made the decision to immigrate to Kuwait, where he embarked on a career in banking at [[Burgan Bank]].<ref>Joseph Constancio Rodrigues (Jose Rod) (14 December 2021) via [[Tiatr Academy of Goa]]</ref> On 12 March 2012, Rodrigues's father died at the age of 69 in his residence located in [[Curchorem]], Goa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 March 2012 |title=Obituary |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901000000*/goa-world.com |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=Goa World}}</ref> In 2009, Rodrigues underwent a surgical procedure<ref name=":1" /> to address a [[brain tumor]] that had been diagnosed. Despite the passage of time, he continues to face health challenges, necessitating ongoing medical treatment. When questioned about his perspective on ''[[tiatrist]]s'' utilizing [[YouTube]] as a platform to showcase their artistic endeavors, Rodrigues expressed a favorable stance, emphasizing that ''tiatrists'' will be valued by enthusiasts regardless of the specific platform employed. Furthermore, Rodrigues is known for his devout [[Catholic]] faith.<ref name=":0" /> As of 2022, he resides in [[Goa]],<ref name=":0" /> where he is said to be recovering from his illness.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pires |first=Mario |date=2024-04-03 |title=Remembering the reign of Goa's 'melody queen', Antonette Mendes |url=https://www.gomantaktimes.com/my-goa/art-culture/remembering-the-reign-of-goas-melody-queen-antonette-mendes |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Gomantak Times |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rod, Jose}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Tiatrists]]
[[Category:Musicians from South Goa district]]
[[Category:Singers from Goa]]

Shimoga Lok Sabha constituency

2026-03-27T17:20:55Z

Dhwanika Joshi:

{{Short description|Constituency of the Indian parliament in Karnataka}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Shimoga
|map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok_Sabha_constituencies/2019/Karnataka/Shimoga.map}}
| map_caption = Shivamogga Lok Sabha Constituency Map
| state =[[Karnataka]]
| established =1952
| assembly_cons = [[Shimoga Rural (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Shimoga Rural]] [[Bhadravati (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Bhadravati]] [[Shimoga Assembly constituency|Shimoga]] [[Tirthahalli (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Tirthahalli]] [[Shikaripura Assembly constituency|Shikaripura]] [[Sorab (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Sorab]] [[Sagar, Karnataka Assembly constituency|Sagar]] [[Byndoor (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Byndoor]]
| latest_election_year = [[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
| reservation = None
| mp =[[B. Y. Raghavendra]]
| party =[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
}}
[[File:Shivamogga Lok Sabha Constituency Map with district boundary (2009 - Present).pdf|thumb|]]
'''Shimoga Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 28 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Karnataka]] state in southern [[India]]. As of 2005 it had 1,300,000 voters, of whom Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes account for 150,000; [[Lingayat]] for around 350,000; [[Idiga|Ediga]] for 200,000; [[Banjara]] for 100,000; [[Muslim]] for 150,000; Brahmins for 70,000 and [[Vokkaliga]] for 50,000 and others 150,000.<ref>{{cite news | title = Aggressive campaigning by all parties for Shimoga byelection|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/06/01/stories/2005060105490400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001021038/http://www.hindu.com/2005/06/01/stories/2005060105490400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-10-01|accessdate=2007-02-07| location=Chennai, India| work = [[The Hindu]]| date=2005-06-01}}</ref>

==Assembly segments==
Shimoga Lok Sabha constituency consists of eight assembly segments. These are:
{|class="wikitable"
!No
!Name
!District
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2"|Party Leading (in [[2024 Indian general election|2024]])
|-
|111
|[[Shimoga Rural (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Shimoga Rural]] (SC)
| rowspan="7" |[[Shimoga district|Shimoga]]
|[[Sharada Puryanaik]]
|{{party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=8}}
|-
|112
|[[Bhadravati (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Bhadravati]]
|B.K. Sangameshwara
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 113
|[[Shimoga Assembly constituency|Shimoga]]
|Channabasapa
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|114
|[[Tirthahalli (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Tirthahalli]]
|[[Araga Jnanendra]]
|-
|115
|[[Shikaripura Assembly constituency|Shikaripura]]
|[[B. Y. Vijayendra]]
|-
|116
|[[Sorab (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Sorab]]
|[[Madhu Bangarappa]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|117
|[[Sagar, Karnataka Assembly constituency|Sagar]]
|Belur Gopalkrishna
|-
|118
|[[Byndoor (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Byndoor]]
|[[Udupi district|Udupi]]
|[[Gururaj Gantihole]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Members of Parliament ==
^ denotes By poll

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| [[1952 Indian general election|1952]]
| rowspan="2" | [[K.G. Wodeyar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|-
| [[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
| [[S. V. Krishnamoorthy Rao]]
|-
| [[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
| [[J. H. Patel]]
|{{Full party name with color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}
|-
| [[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
| [[T. V. Chandrashekarappa]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
| A. R. Badrinarayan
|-
| [[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
| [[S.T. Quadri|S. T. Quadri]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
| rowspan="2" | [[T. V. Chandrashekarappa]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|-
| [[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
| K. G. Shivappa
|-
| [[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
| [[S. Bangarappa]]
|{{Full party name with color|Karnataka Vikas Party}}
|-
| [[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
| [[Ayanur Manjunath]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
| rowspan="3" | [[S. Bangarappa]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| 2005^
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| [[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
| [[B. Y. Raghavendra]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
|-
| [[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
| [[B. S. Yediyurappa]]
|-
| 2018^
| rowspan="3" | [[B. Y. Raghavendra]]
|-
| [[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|-
| [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|}

==Election results==

=== General Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Shimoga]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[B. Y. Raghavendra]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=7,78,721|percentage=56.54|change=-0.32}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Geetha Shivarajkumar|party=Indian National Congress|votes=5,35,006|percentage=38.85|change=-0.61}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=[[K. S. Eshwarappa]]|votes=30,050|percentage=2.18|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=INDEPENDENT|candidate= BANDI RCB|votes=7266|percentage=0.50|change=NEW}}
{{Election box majority||votes=2,43,715|percentage=17.69|change=+0.29}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=13,78,579|percentage=78.61|change=+2.03}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = BJP
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election, 2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Shimoga]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[B. Y. Raghavendra]]
|votes = 7,29,872
|percentage = 56.86
|change = +6.13
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Dal (Secular)
|candidate = [[Madhu Bangarappa|S. Madhu Bangarappa]]
|votes = 5,06,512
|percentage = 39.46
|change = -6.40
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Guddappa
|votes = 7,350
|percentage = 0.57
|change = +0.57
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND.]]
|candidate = Shashikumar S. Gowda
|votes = 6,845
|percentage = 0.53
|change = -1.07
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = PPI
|candidate = K. Krishna
|votes = 5,653
|percentage = 0.44
|change = +0.44
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 6,868
|percentage = 0.54
|change = -0.46
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 2,23,360
|percentage = 17.40
|change = +12.53
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 12,84,067
|percentage = 76.58
|change = +11.52
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = +6.13
}}
{{Election box end}}

===By election, 2018===
{{Election box begin | title=By Election, 2018: Shimoga}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[B. Y. Raghavendra]]
|votes = 5,43,306
|percentage = 50.73
|change = -2.96
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Dal (Secular)
|candidate = [[Madhu Bangarappa|S. Madhu Bangarappa]]
|votes = 4,91,158
|percentage = 45.86
|change = +24.55
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND.]]
|candidate = Shashikumar S. Gowda
|votes = 17,189
|percentage = 1.60
|change = +1.60
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = Mahima J. Patel
|votes = 8,713
|percentage = 0.81
|change = +0.41
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 10,687
|percentage = 1.00
|change = +0.37
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 52,148
|percentage = 4.87
|change = -27.30
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 10,71,099
|percentage = 65.06
|change = -7.30
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = -2.96
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election, 2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Shimoga]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[B. S. Yeddyurappa]]
|votes = 6,06,216
|percentage = 53.69
|change = +3.11
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Manjunath Bhandary
|votes = 2,42,911
|percentage = 21.52
|change = -23.52
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Dal (Secular)
|candidate = Geetha Shivarajkumar
|votes = 2,40,636
|percentage = 21.31
|change = +21.31
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = K. G. Sreedhar
|votes = 7,542
|percentage = 0.67
|change = +0.67
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Kunaje Manjunatha Gowda
|votes = 5,053
|percentage = 0.45
|change = -0.41
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 7,077
|percentage = 0.63
|change = +0.63
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 3,63,305
|percentage = 32.17
|change = +26.63
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 11,30,364
|percentage = 72.36
|change = +5.89
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = +3.11
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election, 2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Shimoga]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[B. Y. Raghavendra]]
|votes = 4,82,783
|percentage = 50.58
|change = +30.69
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[S. Bangarappa]]
|votes = 4,29,890
|percentage = 45.04
|change = +11.27
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND.]]
|candidate = H. S. Shekarappa
|votes = 10,850
|percentage = 1.14
|change = +1.14
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = J. Jayappa
|votes = 8,205
|percentage = 0.86
|change = +0.86
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[Akhila India Jananayaka Makkal Katchi|AIJMK]]
|candidate = C. Murugan
|votes = 6,046
|percentage = 0.63
|change = +0.63
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 52,893
|percentage = 5.54
|change = +3.31
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 9,54,407
|percentage = 66.47
|change = +8.26
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Samajwadi Party
|swing = +14.58
}}
{{Election box end}}

===By election, 2005===
{{Election box begin | title=By-Election, 2005: Shimoga}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[S. Bangarappa]]
|votes = 2,69,013
|percentage = 36.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Ayanur Manjunath]]
|votes = 2,52,376
|percentage = 33.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = M. B. Bhanuprakash
|votes = 1,48,640
|percentage = 19.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Dal (Secular)
|candidate = [[L. T. Thimmappa Hegde]]
|votes = 54,578
|percentage = 7.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = [[Shivalinga Swami]]
|votes = 8,834
|percentage = 1.18
|change =
}}

{{Election box majority|
|votes = 16,949
|percentage = 2.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 7,48,351
|percentage = 58.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Shimoga district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}
{{coord|13.9|75.6|display=title}}

[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Shimoga district]]
[[Category:Shimoga]]

Gamit people

2026-03-23T17:36:49Z

Dhwanika Joshi: created a article initial version

{{Short description|Indigenous people of Gujarat, India}}
{{About||the language|Gamit language|the band|The Gamits}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2021}}

The '''Gamit''' are [[Adivasi]], or indigenous [[Bhil]] people of [[Gujarat]], India. They are mainly found in Tapi, Surat, Dang, [[Bharuch]], Valsad and Navsari districts of Gujarat and some parts of Maharashtra.They are indigenous people They are included in state list of [[scheduled tribes]].<ref>[https://tribal.nic.in/ST/LatestListofScheduledtribes.pdf State/Union Territory-wise list of Scheduled Tribes in India]</ref><ref name="guajarat gamit">{{Cite web|url=https://trti.gujarat.gov.in/gamit|title=Gamit | Scheduled Tribe | Tribes of Gujarat | Tribal Demography of Gujarat | Gujarat Tribal Research and Training Society|access-date=26 March 2020|archive-date=29 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229014612/https://trti.gujarat.gov.in/gamit|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://trti.maharashtra.gov.in/index.php/en/list-of-scheduled-tribes|title=List of Scheduled Tribes - TRTI, Pune|access-date=19 June 2020|archive-date=3 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003104301/https://trti.maharashtra.gov.in/index.php/en/list-of-scheduled-tribes|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Geographic distribution==
Gamits are found in the districts of Surat, [[Bharuch]], Valsad and Dangs. In Surat district, they are found in Vyara, Songadh, Uchchal and Nizar talukas. They are known as Gamits or Mavachi. Their sub-tribes are Padvi, Valvi and Vasava. Gamits are believed to be sub-tribe of [[Bhils]]. Those Bhils who got settled in a village were known as Gamits. As per the 2001 census, the total population of Gamits was 3,54,362. Of this, 1,76,780 are male and 1,77,582 are female. The percentage of Gamits among total tribal population is 4.74 per cent.

==Habitations and furnishings==
Gamits are settled in villages. Their houses are not in a straight line like city chawls. Though they stay in vicinity of each other, they are independently situated. All houses have open space around four walls. Sometimes the houses are built on small hills; and some houses are built at the feet of hills. The building material is clay, cow dung, and paddy grass. Bamboos are used in construction of walls. The roofs are constructed suitable to geographical conditions. Either indigenous or Manglory tiles are used to cover roofs. In modern times, some houses have RCC roofs. Gamits stay in houses owned by them. In their houses, they keep the utensils made from copper, brass, aluminum, steel, clay or glass. Besides, they have some mattresses, cots, kerosene lamp, and wooden stand, drum to store food-grain, a radio, T.V., tape recorder, tin box, steel cupboard, etc.

==Musical Instruments==
Their musical instruments are made from leather, metal strings, shankh, Dhan, a pipe, Noly, Pawari, Dobru, Ghonghali, etc.

==Dress==
The older generation maintains traditional dress. The children, however, have adopted bush-shirt and half-pant, whereas youth wear shirts and pants. Girls prefer either old-fashioned frocks or modern Punjabi dresses. Men wear pant-shirts and women wear either a Punjabi dress or saree, a blouse and a petty-coat/chaniya. Older people invariably wear a cap. Older women wear sarees in Maharashtra-style, separating both legs from each other with a saree tied down at the back.

==Ornaments==
Gamit women are fond of ornaments. They have a {{Transliteration|kbl|kanthi}} (a round, solid necklace) or a chain ({{Transliteration|kbl|achhodo}}) in their neck. They have a {{Transliteration|kbl|donto}} on the nose, ear-rings in their ears, bangles on their hands, a {{Transliteration|kbl|kanku}} or bracelet on their arms, {{Transliteration|kbl|kadla}}, a plain, round ornament gripped on the legs or {{Transliteration|kbl|ankla}} ({{Transliteration|kbl|zanzar}}) with many small silver bells. Males wear a silver (waist-band) around the waist, rings on their fingers, and {{Transliteration|kbl|dolo}} on their toes. Additionally, several other ornaments are also used.

==Dialect==
Gamits speak [[Gamit language]]. Their communication is only in Gamit dialect. They are known as 'Gamits of 52 families' and they do not have a fixed formation of speech.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiantribalheritage.org/?p=25003|title=EBook | the Gamit Adivasis: A community with its own stories of origin – Gujarat | Tribal Cultural Heritage in India Foundation}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Food and drink==
They consume food grains of nagli, jowar, rice, maize (for preparing loaf), urad and tuver for pulse-dal and potatoes and [[onions]] as vegetables in addition to seasonal vegetables. They also consume chapati and pulses. Usually they consume [[meat]] and [[fish]] as well as wine and tadi. Some have joined [[Hindu]] Bhakti school of religious thought rejecting their unique [[non-vegetarian]] tradition.

==Education==
As per the 2001 census, the literacy level among Gamit is 52.91%. Gamits reside in both villages and cities; and therefore they could make use of various Government policies including reservation in education.

==Religion==
Gamits have now become [[Hinduism|Hindus]] (~89%) and [[Christian]] ( ~11% ).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/16781/IN|title=Gamit in India}}</ref>
Hindus believe in Hindu Gods and Goddesses. They also believe in their own traditional tribal Gods and Goddesses, for example, Devli Madi, Gaumukh, Dunger Dev, Gowal Dev, and Anaj Dev. They keep vows for some purposes and make occasional pilgrimages. They celebrate the festivals of Gam dev no, Holi, Gowal Dev festival, Vaghdev Mahadev, Dussera, Diwali, and Nano Dev-Moto Dev. Besides those, Gamits have Mahadev, Dussera, Diwali, Nano Dev-Moto Dev, etc. Besides those Gamits, who have now become [[Christians]] celebrate Christmas with great joy.

==Occupation==
Gamits are usually [[agriculturist]]s. Some people whose land has been seized work as agricultural laborers or other laborers. Educated Gamits seek employment. Some go for [[animal husbandry]] and many others work in factories.

==Caste panch==
In the Gamit community, there is formal or informal [[caste]] panch for controls and regulations in their social dealings. Gamits assemble and constitute the caste panch for community members to follow rules and regulations. Gamits also have their own written constitution. The caste panch looks after the cases of marriages, [[remarriages]], [[divorce]], education, etc.

==The cycle of life==
The life cycle of the Gamit community covers three main phases of life: Birth, marriage and death.

===Birth of a child===
There is no custom that the first delivery of the Gamit girl should be at the parents' home. Better facilities and a better place are prioritised. The Dai comes home for five days to give a bath to the new born child. On the fifth day of the birth of a child a 'Pancharo' or on sixth day 'a chhathi' is performed.

===Engagement===
For betrothal (engagement), the boy's party goes to the girl's house. They meet and if they find the matter suitable, they decide to give 'Piyan' i.e. promise. They may also visit each other's houses to build familiarity.

===Marriage===
Usually Tuesday or Thursday is considered better for marriage. Pandal is erected for marriage; usually near the house. The people of the community or neighbors assist with this. To invite attendees to a marriage ceremony, rice with Haldi or Kanku are placed on the threshold of a house. This is symbolic suggestion. Nowadays, this is accompanied by a printed invitation card. The marriage is performed both traditionally as well as according to [[Hindu]] customs with a Brahmin performing it. Dinner follows marriage. This community believes in the customs of Aana, [[Khandhad]] marriage, love marriage, to marry a sister of a wife upon the wife's death ([[salivatu]]) or to marry a younger brother of husband, if the husband dies ([[Diyarvatu]]), [[polygamy]], and [[remarriage]] after [[divorce]].

===Divorce===
No divorce in this community can be given within three years of married life and no sexual relations can be kept while the spouse is living, nor a marriage with anybody is permitted. Those who disobey this rule are liable for a Rs. 351/- fine. In case the dispute is not resolved, one can approach the court.

===Remarriage===
A Gamit widow is permitted to remarry in the following circumstances: If a widow has a child, Rs. 32/- are to be given. All the marriages are registered in a book along with signature of both the parties.

===Death===
If a death occurs in a Gamit family, the body is kept near a grinding stone with the head pointed north and the legs, south. The drum is played in a peculiar way to announce the death. People come and cry. A dead body can either be cremated or buried. A child's body is buried. Ambli, Babool and Tick woods are used for cremation. The person carrying the fire-pot before the funeral pyre is a special person in a village. The ornaments from the body of a dead person are removed. The dead body is taken to a river bank; the family members move around a dead body for seven times. The mouth of a dead body is cleansed with a Khakhra brush and served curd, Khichdi, wine, etc. with turned hand. Then it is kept on the death-bed which is set aflame by relatives. Then they take bath at the river or a well. After they return home from the crematorium, they sit a little distance from the deceased's house; again the 'Tur' instrument is, played. Those who went at crematorium are served with sugar and jaggery. They have also a custom of Dahodo-pari, Khatru, Barma (giving lunch after death), and offering pooja.

===Speciality===
The marriages among Gamit are mostly in the same Gotra. The objective is to find a spouse from a known family. Astala, Mavli, and [[Vaghdev]] are their Gods and Goddesses. On occasion, they visit their places and celebrate festivals with dance and music.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite thesis |title=Folklore of Gamit Tribe: A study of Socio-Cultural Ethos as Ethos as Expressed in their songs and Tales |last=Patel |first=Rita B. |publisher=Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University |date=2019 |hdl=10603/319210 |type=PhD |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/319210}}

{{Social groups of Gujarat}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Social groups of Gujarat]]

A Murder of Crows (film)

2026-03-23T11:41:03Z

Dhwanika Joshi: cleanup page also and improved wording for consistency

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = A Murder of Crows
| image = A-murder-of-crows-dvd-cover.jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = [[Rowdy Herrington]]
| producer = [[Cuba Gooding Jr.]] [[Elie Samaha]] [[Ashok Amritraj]]
| writer = Rowdy Herrington
| narrator =
| starring = Cuba Gooding Jr. [[Tom Berenger]] [[Marianne Jean-Baptiste]] [[Mark Pellegrino]] [[Eric Stoltz]]
| music = [[Steve Porcaro]]
| cinematography = Robert Primes
| editing = Harry B. Miller III
| studio = [[Franchise Pictures]]
| distributor = Sterling Home Entertainment
| released = {{Film date|1998|12|12|United Kingdom|1999|7|6|United States}}
| runtime = 101 minutes
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget = $7.5 million
| gross =
}}
'''''A Murder of Crows''''' is a 1998 American [[psychological fiction|psychological]] [[thriller film]] directed and written by [[Rowdy Herrington]] and starring [[Cuba Gooding Jr.]] and [[Tom Berenger]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www1.hdmoviebaze.com/a-murder-of-crows-1999/ |publisher=hdmoviebaze |title=A Murder of Crows (1999) |accessdate=2014-05-12 |last=DeMoss |first=David |date=June 10, 2011 }}</ref> It was released in the UK on 12 December 1998, and in the USA on 6 July 1999.

==Plot==

Lawson Russell is a [[New Orleans]] [[criminal defense lawyer]] who has had a crisis of conscience while defending wealthy childhood friend Thurman Parks III. Parks denies charges of the rape and murder of stripper Jeanie Brussard. Russell is involved with Parks' and Judge Wiley Banning's conspiracy to have the charges dismissed. Russell, however, knowing Thurman is guilty, attempts to recuse himself from the case. Judge Banning refuses to accept Russell's recusal and threatens to end his career. Russell enters court and accuses Parks, resulting in a [[mistrial (law)|mistrial]]. Judge Banning has Russell disbarred for life.

13 months later, Russell has retired to [[Key West]] as a fishing guide and decides to write a book about his experience. He suffers from perpetual [[writer's block]]. He befriends Christopher Marlowe, a widower and retired teacher who asks him to read his [[manuscript]]. Attempting to return the manuscript, Russell encounters Detective Goethe, who informs Russell that Marlowe has died leaving no next of kin. Russell decides to pass the book off as his own. It becomes a huge success, giving Russell fame and a luxurious lifestyle. Russell begins a sexual relationship with his book's publisher, Janine DeVrie.

Detective Clifford Dubose receives a copy of Russell's book from an anonymous sender and realizes that the murders in the book are identical to the real-life deaths of 5 attorneys that were written off as accidents or suicides. Russell is arrested and charged with the murder of the attorneys. He hires his former colleague Elizabeth Pope to defend him and tells her about Marlowe and the manuscript. She doesn't believe him and drops him as a client. Dubose searches Russell's home and finds hidden pictures of all the dead attorneys. Russell realizes he is being framed and goes on the run.

Russell follows a clue to Parks' home and breaks in to investigate. He discovers that Parks is seeing Janine. Another clue leads him to the home of Professor Arthur Corvus, where he discovers a room full of costumes and prosthetic face masks. Russell realizes that Marlowe, Goethe and even a random fan at his book signing were all Corvus. He concludes that Corvus murdered the lawyers. Corvus' housekeeper Althea Delroy discovers Russell and calls the police. Dubose arrives and questions Corvus, who denies ever meeting or knowing Russell but Dubose is suspicious.

Russell digs into Corvus' background and discovers that 3 years earlier, Corvus' wife Jean and daughter Trudy had been killed in a hit-and-run accident by a banker, whose lawyer, Jeffery Lowell, got him off on a technicality. Russell returns to Corvus' home and confronts him. Corvus, armed, takes Russell's gun and admits to killing Lowell and the other attorneys for misuse of the justice system. He also says that he was going to kill Russell the night he attempted to recuse himself. Corvus became intrigued by Russell's struggling conscience and decided to test him.

Overhearing Corvus' confession, Dubose interrupts and takes Corvus' gun. As Dubose calls for backup, Corvus kills Dubose with Russell's gun. Russell wrestles Corvus for both guns. Realizing that the police and courts would not believe that Corvus was the real murderer, Russell, having both guns, uses one to kill Corvus as the police arrive. Pope visits Russell to discuss his court strategy and hires a well-known attorney for him. Russell is found not guilty on all charges. The publicity of the case then results in the skyrocketing sales of the novel, making Russell a millionaire.

==Cast==
* [[Cuba Gooding Jr.]] as Lawson Russell
* [[Tom Berenger]] as Detective Clifford Dubose
* [[Marianne Jean-Baptiste]] as Elizabeth Pope
* [[Mark Pellegrino]] as Professor Arthur Corvus
* [[Eric Stoltz]] as Thurman Parks III
* [[Ashley Laurence]] as Janine DeVrie
* Doug Wert as Billy Ray Richardson
* [[Carmen Argenziano]] as Judge Wiley Banning
* [[Renée Estevez]] as Reporter
* [[Ellen Gerstein]] as Landlady
* [[Jim Meskimen]] as Salesman
* [[Lochlyn Munro]] as Norwood
* [[Robert Peters (actor)|Robert Peters]] as Desk Sergeant
* Deneen Tyler as Althea Delroy

==Production==
Filming began in December 1997, across [[Key West]], Florida, [[Los Angeles]], California, and [[New Orleans]], Louisiana.

==Reception==
{{RT prose|0|4.4|five||ref=yes|access-date=February 20, 2024}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0133985}}

{{Rowdy Herrington}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Murder of Crows (film), A}}
[[Category:1998 independent films]]
[[Category:1998 psychological thriller films]]
[[Category:1998 American films]]
[[Category:1998 English-language films]]
[[Category:American independent films]]
[[Category:American psychological thriller films]]
[[Category:English-language independent films]]
[[Category:English-language thriller films]]
[[Category:Films about writers]]
[[Category:Films directed by Rowdy Herrington]]
[[Category:Films produced by Elie Samaha]]
[[Category:Films scored by Steve Porcaro]]
[[Category:Films set in Florida]]
[[Category:Films set in New Orleans]]
[[Category:Films shot in Florida]]
[[Category:Films shot in Los Angeles]]
[[Category:Films shot in New Orleans]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Rowdy Herrington]]
[[Category:Franchise Pictures films]]
[[Category:1998 films]]

India women's national cricket team

2026-03-23T08:57:35Z

Dhwanika Joshi:

{{short description|Indian women's cricket team}}
{{About|the women's team|the men's team|India national cricket team}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox cricket team
| name = India
| image = Board_of_Control_for_Cricket_in_India_Logo_(2024).svg
| caption =
| nickname = Women in Blue<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/india/at-the-stroke-of-midnight-women-in-blue-script-history-india-beat-south-africa-in-world-cup-final/2775839|title=At the stroke of midnight, women in blue script history—India beat South Africa to clinch 1st World Cup |website=[[ThePrint]] }}</ref><ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/11/03/world/asia/india-women-cricket-world-cup.html|title=With 'a Billion' Eyes on Them, India's Women Lift Cricket World Cup |website=[[The New York Times]] }}</ref>
| association = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]]
| captain = [[Harmanpreet Kaur]]
| coach = [[Harsh Lahane ]]
| batting_coach = [[Amol Muzumdar]]
| bowling_coach = [[Aavishkar Salvi]]
| fielding_coach = Munish Bali
| test_status_year = 1976
| icc_status = [[List of International Cricket Council members|Full member]]
| icc_member_year = 1926
| icc_region = [[Asian Cricket Council|Asia]]
| wodi_rank = {{Ordinal|3|sup=yes}}
| wt20i_rank = {{Ordinal|3|sup=yes}}
| wodi_rank_best = {{Ordinal|2|sup=yes}} (May 2020) 
| wt20i_rank_best = {{Ordinal|3|sup=yes}} (Nov 2019) 
| first_wtest = v {{crw|WIN}} at the [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]; 31 October – 2 November 1976
| most_recent_wtest = v {{crw|AUS}} at [[WACA Ground]], [[Perth]]; 6–8 March 2026
| num_wtests = 42
| num_wtests_this_year = 1
| wtest_record = 8/7 (27 draws)
| wtest_record_this_year = 0/1 (0 draws)

| first_wodi = v {{crw|ENG}} at [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]; 1 January 1978
| most_recent_wodi = v {{crw|AUS}} at [[Bellerive Oval]], [[Hobart]]; 1 March 2026
| num_wodis = 345
| num_wodis_this_year = 3
| wodi_record = 188/150 (2 ties, 5 no results)
| wodi_record_this_year = 0/3 (0 ties, 0 no results)
| wwc_apps = 11
| wwc_first = [[1978 Women's Cricket World Cup|1978]]
| wwc_best = Champions ([[2025 Women's Cricket World Cup|2025]])

| first_wt20i = v {{crw|ENG}} at the [[County Cricket Ground, Derby|County Cricket Ground]], [[Derby]]; 5 August 2006
| most_recent_wt20i = v {{crw|AUS}} at [[Manuka Oval]], [[Canberra]]; 21 February 2026
| num_wt20is = 212
| num_wt20is_this_year = 3
| wt20i_record = 118/87 (1 tie, 6 no results)
| wt20i_record_this_year = 2/1 (0 ties, 0 no results)
| wwt20_apps = 8
| wwt20_first = [[2009 ICC Women's World Twenty20|2009]]
| wwt20_best = Runners-up ([[2020 ICC Women's T20 World Cup|2020]])

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| asofdate = 8 March 2026
| website = {{URL|https://bcci.tv}}
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The '''India women's national cricket team''' represents [[India]] in [[international cricket]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Women in Blue's journey through the T20 Women's World Cup|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/womens-t20-world-cup/2020/mar/08/women-in-blues-journey-through-the-t20-womens-world-cup-2113824.html|access-date=2020-12-02|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> It is governed by the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI) and is a [[List of International Cricket Council members#Full Members|full member]] of the [[International Cricket Council]] with [[Women's Test|Test]], [[Women's One Day International|One Day International]] and [[Women's Twenty20 International|Twenty20 International]] status. India are the current holders of the [[Women's Cricket World Cup|World Cup]] and the [[Cricket at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's tournament|Asian Games]].

The team has played 42 Test matches, winning 8, losing 7 and drawing 27. Their first international match, on 31 October 1976, was a [[Women's Test cricket|Test]] against the [[West Indies women's cricket team|West Indies]] at the [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]] in [[Bangalore]] which ended in a draw.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IND-W vs WI-W Cricket Scorecard, 1st Test at Bengaluru, October 31 - November 02, 1976 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-women-tour-of-india-1976-77-62212/india-women-vs-west-indies-women-1st-test-67452/full-scorecard |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250808085054/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-women-tour-of-india-1976-77-62212/india-women-vs-west-indies-women-1st-test-67452/full-scorecard |archive-date=2025-08-08 |access-date=2025-09-28 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

The team has played 345 ODI matches, winning 188, losing 150, [[List of tied Women's One Day Internationals|tying]] 2 and with 5 ending in a [[no-result]]. As of November 2025, India is ranked third in the [[ICC Women's ODI and T20I Team Rankings|ICC Women's ODI Team Rankings]] with 126 rating points. India has won the [[Women's Cricket World Cup|World Cup]] once in [[2025 Women's Cricket World Cup|2025]]. India has reached the [[Women's Cricket World Cup|World Cup]] final on three occasions, losing to [[Australia women's national cricket team|Australia]] by 98 runs [[2005 Women's Cricket World Cup Final|in 2005]], and to England by 9 runs [[2017 Women's Cricket World Cup Final|in 2017]], and winning against [[South African women's national cricket team|South Africa]] by 52 runs [[2025 Women's Cricket World Cup final|in 2025]].<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/11/03/world/asia/india-women-cricket-world-cup.html|title=With 'a Billion' Eyes on Them, India's Women Lift Cricket World Cup |website=[[The New York Times]] }}</ref> India have won the [[Women's Asia Cup|ODI Asia Cup]] four times in [[2004 Women's Asia Cup|2004]], [[2005-06 Women's Asia Cup|2005-06]], [[2006 Women's Asia Cup|2006]], [[2008 Women's Asia Cup|2008]].

The team has played 212 T20I matches, winning 118, losing 87, [[List of tied Women's One Day Internationals|tying]] 1 and with 6 ending in a [[no-result]]. As of November 2025, India is ranked third in the [[ICC Women's ODI and T20I Team Rankings|ICC Women's T20I Team Rankings]] with 263 rating points. India has reached the finals of the [[ICC Women's World Twenty20|T20 World Cup]] once, losing to Australia by 85 runs [[2020 ICC Women's World Twenty20|in 2020]]. India have won the [[Women's Asia Cup|T20I Asia Cup]] three times in [[2012 Women's Twenty20 Asia Cup|2012]], [[2016 Women's Twenty20 Asia Cup|2016]], [[2022 Women's Twenty20 Asia Cup|2022]]. In addition, India have also won gold at the [[Cricket at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's tournament|2022 Asian Games]], and silver at the [[Cricket at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|2022 Commonwealth Games]].

==History==
[[File:Snehal Pradhan (10 March 2009, Sydney) 2.jpg|right|240px|thumb|alt=Eight female cricketers stand on a field. Two players are in red practice jerseys; three other players in red jerseys are facing toward them; a player in a blue shirt is facing away and hides another player in a blue game shirt. In the upper left corner is a fan with an Indian flag.|Members of the Indian cricket team before a [[Women's Cricket World Cup]] game in Sydney]]

The British brought cricket to India in the early 1700s, with the first cricket match played in 1721.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India Cricket API - Cricket Data for all Indian leagues |url=https://www.sportmonks.com/cricket-api/india/ |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=Sportmonks |language=en-US}}</ref> It was played and adopted by [[Koli people|Kolis]] of [[Gujarat]] because they were sea [[Piracy|pirates]] and [[outlaw]]s who always looted the British ships, so the [[East India Company]] tried to manage the Kolis in cricket and been successful.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Downing |first=Clement |title=A History of the Indian Wars |year=1978 |page=189 |oclc=5905776}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew |first=John |date=6 December 2021 |title=The Christmas the Kolis took to cricket |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/views/in-focus/news/the-christmas-the-kolis-took-cricket-2910376 |access-date=5 December 2021 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew |first=John |date=21 December 2021 |title=How East India traders brought cricket to Indian shores 300 years ago this fortnight |url=https://scroll.in/article/1013180/how-east-india-traders-brought-cricket-to-indian-shores-300-years-ago-this-fortnight |access-date=1 November 2023 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref> The first Indian cricket club was established by the [[Parsis|Parsi]] community in Bombay, in 1848; the club played their first match against the Europeans in 1877.<ref>{{cite news|url = http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2279/is_1998_Nov/ai_53542832/pg_3|title = Cricket and Politics in Colonial India|work = Ramachandra Guha| access-date = 7 December 2009 | year=1998}}</ref> In 1911, an Indian men's cricket team was formed and toured [[England]], where they played English county teams.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Seasons/ENG/1911_ENG_India_in_England_1911.html|title = India in England, 1911|work = CricketArchive|access-date = 7 December 2009|archive-date = 18 March 2009|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090318074148/http://cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Seasons/ENG/1911_ENG_India_in_England_1911.html|url-status = dead}}</ref> The [[India national cricket team|India men's team]] made their [[Test cricket|Test]] debut against [[England cricket team|England]] in 1932.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/151765.html|title=England v India 1932|date=30 July 2007|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 December 2009}}</ref> The first women's Test was played between [[England women's cricket team|England]] and [[Australia national women's cricket team|Australia]] in 1934.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=8;filter=advanced;orderby=start;size=200;template=results;type=aggregate;view=results |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120720153748/http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=8;filter=advanced;orderby=start;size=200;template=results;type=aggregate;view=results |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 July 2012 |title=List of women's Test matches |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=7 December 2009 }}</ref>

Women's cricket arrived in India much later; the [[Women's Cricket Association of India]] (WCAI) was formed in 1973.<ref>{{cite book|last=Stoddart|first=Brian|author2=Keith A. P. Sandiford|title=The imperial game: cricket, culture, and society|publisher=Manchester University Press |year=1998|page=5|isbn=978-0-7190-4978-1| oclc=40430869}}</ref> The Indian women's team played their first Test match in [[West Indies women's cricket team in India in 1976–77|1976]], against the [[West Indies women's cricket team|West Indies]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=8;team=1863;template=results;type=aggregate;view=results |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120715233404/http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=8;team=1863;template=results;type=aggregate;view=results |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 July 2012 |title=India women Test matches |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=7 December 2009 }}</ref> India recorded its first-ever Test win in November 1976 against West Indies under [[Shantha Rangaswamy]]'s captaincy at the [[Moin-ul-Haq Stadium]] in [[Patna]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/womens-world-cup/news/441451|title=One more game, and it can change India's fortunes: Mithali Raj|website=Icc-cricket.com|access-date=17 November 2021|archive-date=28 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928010002/https://www.icc-cricket.com/womens-world-cup/news/441451|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-women-tour-of-india-1976-77-62212/india-women-vs-west-indies-women-4th-test-67455/full-scorecard|title=Full Scorecard of WI Women vs IND Women 4th Test 1976/77 - Score Report |work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=17 November 2021}}</ref>[[File:Indian Batswoman at Cricket Worlds Cup 2010.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Indian batter at the 2010 [[Women's Cricket World Cup]]]] [[File:Mithali Raj Truro 2012.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Mithali Raj]], former captain of the Indian women's cricket team]]

The WCAI, the governing body for women's cricket, was affiliated to the [[International Women's Cricket Council]]. As part of the [[International Cricket Council]]'s initiative to develop women's cricket, the Women's Cricket Association of India was merged with the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] in 2006/07.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://in.rediff.com/cms/print.jsp?docpath=//cricket/2006/nov/14message.htm |title=Better days for women's cricket? |date=14 November 2006 |publisher=[[Rediff]] |access-date=7 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604020307/http://in.rediff.com/cms/print.jsp?docpath=%2F%2Fcricket%2F2006%2Fnov%2F14message.htm |archive-date=4 June 2011 }}</ref>

In 2021, the BCCI announced that [[Ramesh Powar]] would become the Head Coach of the Indian Women's Cricket Team.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportstiger.com/just-in-ramesh-powar-appointed-head-coach-of-indian-womens-cricket-team/ |title=Ramesh Powar appointed head coach of Indian Women's Cricket Team |work=SportsTiger |date=13 May 2021 |access-date=13 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ramesh-powar-appointed-head-coach-of-indian-women-s-cricket-team-101620904617509.html |title=Ramesh Powar appointed Head Coach of Indian Women's Cricket Team |work=Hindustan Times |date=13 May 2021 |access-date=13 May 2021}}</ref> In 2022, Indian Women script history by winning 1st series on England soil in 23 years.<ref>{{cite news |last1=InsideSport |title=Indian Women script history by winning 1st series on England soil in 23 years |url=https://www.insidesport.in/ind-w-vs-eng-w-highlights-harmanpreet-kaur-143-renuka-four-for-crush-england-in-2nd-odi-indian-women-script-history-by-winning-1st-series-on-england-soil-watch-highlights/}}</ref>

In July 2025, India clinched their first-ever Women’s T20I series win against [[England]], securing an unassailable 3–1 lead in the five-match series. The landmark victory came in the fourth T20I at Worcester, where Indian spinners [[Radha Yadav]], [[Deepti Sharma]], and newcomer [[Shree Charani]] restricted England to 126/7. Openers [[Shafali Verma]] and [[Smriti Mandhana]] set up a comfortable six-wicket chase, finished with 18 balls to spare. The win marked a historic breakthrough, as India had never previously won a T20I series against England, either home or away. The performance, highlighted by disciplined bowling and sharp fielding, also served as vital preparation ahead of the 2026 [[Women's T20 World Cup]] in England.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India women register maiden T20 series win against England |url=https://www.en.etemaaddaily.com/sports/cricket/india-women-register-maiden-t20-series-win-against-england:178331 |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=Etemaad Daily |language=english}}</ref>

In November 2025, India won their first [[Women's Cricket World Cup]], defeating South Africa by 52 runs in the final at the [[DY Patil Stadium]] in [[Navi Mumbai]]. In the semi-final, they chased a huge target of 339 runs against Australia, which is one also the highest successful run chases in the history of Women's ODI.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/articles/c629qv19g0ro|title=India stun Australia in record chase to reach final}}</ref> The victory was widely celebrated and recognized across India as a landmark moment for women’s cricket in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/nov/07/india-women-cricket-world-cup-win-victory-equality|title=Hit for six: why India's Women's Cricket World Cup win is victory for equality}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=India win maiden Women's Cricket World Cup after Verma–Sharma show |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/cricket/india-beat-south-africa-by-52-runs-lift-maiden-womens-world-cup-title-2025-11-02/ |work=Reuters |date=2 November 2025 |access-date=6 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2025/11/02/sport/india-cricket-womenn-world-cup-intl-hnk#:~:text=India%20won%20the%20Women's%20Cricket,Deepti%20Sharma%20and%20Shafali%20Verma|title='We were waiting for this moment' - India wins Women's Cricket World Cup for first time}}</ref>

==Governing body==
{{Main|Board of Control for Cricket in India}}

The [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI) is the governing body for the Indian cricket team and first-class cricket in India. The Board has been operating since 1928 and represents India at the [[International Cricket Council]]. It is amongst the richest sporting organisations in the world. It sold media rights for India's matches from 2006 to 2010 for US$612,000,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2006/02/18/stories/2006021803840100.htm|access-date=11 January 2007|title=Nimbus Bags Cricket Rights for $612 m|work=The Hindu|location=India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110084913/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2006/02/18/stories/2006021803840100.htm|archive-date=10 January 2007|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It manages the Indian team's sponsorships, its future tours and team selection. The [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC) determines India's upcoming matches through its future tours program.

===Selection Committee===
{{Further information|India national cricket team selectors}}
On 28 September 2025, the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI) announced the appointment of new All-India Women's Selection Committee.<ref>{{Cite web|title="Amita Sharma appointed chairperson of Indian women's cricket team selection committee"|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/womens-cricket/amita-sharma-appointed-india-women-cricket-selection-committee-chairperson-neetu-david-bcci-agm-news/article70104866.ece|access-date=28 September 2025|website=Sportstar |date=28 September 2025 }}</ref>
[[Amita Sharma]], former indian right-arm medium fast bowler, heads the five-member selection committee.
*[[Amita Sharma]] (chief selector)
*[[Shyama Shaw|Shyama Dey]]
*[[Jaya Sharma]]
*[[Sulakshana Naik]]
*[[Sravanthi Naidu]]

==Sponsorship==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Duration
! Manufacturer
! Sponsor
! Ref
|-
| 1993–1996
| rowspan=5|
| rowspan=2|[[Wills Navy Cut|Wills]]
| rowspan=7|
|-
| 1999–2001
|-
| 2001–2002
|
|-
| 2002–2003
| rowspan=3|[[Sahara India Pariwar|Sahara]]
|-
| 2003–2005
|-
| 2005–2013
| rowspan=4|[[Nike, Inc.|Nike]]
|-
| 2014–2017
| [[Star India]]
|-
| 2017–2019
| [[Oppo]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=From Sahara To Byju's to Dream11 – Why Every Indian Cricket Team Jersey Sponsor Ends In Trouble |url=https://zeenews.india.com/photos/sports/from-sahara-to-byju-s-to-dream11-why-every-indian-cricket-team-jersey-sponsor-ends-in-trouble-2951698 |access-date=2025-10-03 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2019–2020
| rowspan=2|[[Byju's]]
| rowspan=2|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cricket sponsors: The jinx of the jersey |url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/blog/cricket-sponsors-the-jinx-of-the-jersey/123443888 |access-date=2025-10-03 |website=The Economic Times|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2020–2023
| MPL Sports
|-
| 2023–2025
| rowspan=2|[[Adidas]]
| [[Dream11]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahara to Dream11: The Curse of Sponsoring Indian Cricket |url=https://www.news18.com/photogallery/cricket/sahara-to-dream11-the-curse-of-sponsoring-indian-cricket-ws-l-9526960.html |access-date=2025-10-03 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2025–present
| [[Apollo Tyres]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karhadkar |first=Amol |date=2025-09-16 |title=Apollo Tyres replaces Dream11 as new jersey sponsor of Indian cricket team till 2027 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/indian-team-new-jersey-sponsor-apollo-tyres/article70056510.ece |access-date=2025-10-03 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|}

==International grounds==
{{further|List of women's Test cricket grounds|List of women's Twenty20 International cricket grounds|List of women's Twenty20 International cricket grounds}}

==Captains==
{{main|List of India women Test cricketers#Test captains|List of India women ODI cricketers#ODI captains|List of India women Twenty20 International cricketers#WT20I captains}}

== Current squad ==
{{for|list of all Test players|List of India women Test cricketers}}
{{for|list of all ODI players|List of India women ODI cricketers}}
{{for|list of all T20I players|List of India women Twenty20 International cricketers}}
This lists all the active players who played for India in the last 12 months or were named in the recent ODI or T20I squads. Uncapped players are listed in ''italics''. {{Updated|December 2025}}

;Key
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Symbol !! Meaning
|-
| S/N || Shirt number of the player in all formats
|-
| Format || Denotes the player's playing format
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name
! Age
! Batting style
! Bowling style
! Domestic team
! Forms
! S/N
|-
! colspan="7" | Batters
|-
| [[Smriti Mandhana]] '''(VC)''' || {{age|1996|07|18}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]]|| [[Maharashtra women's cricket team|Maharashtra]] || Test, ODI & T20I || 18
|-
| [[Jemimah Rodrigues]] || {{age|2000|09|05}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || [[Mumbai women's cricket team|Mumbai]] || Test, ODI & T20I || 5
|-
| [[Shafali Verma]] || {{age|2004|01|28}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || [[Haryana women's cricket team|Haryana]] || Test, ODI & T20I || 17
|-
| [[Harleen Deol]] || {{age|1998|06|21}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || [[Himachal Pradesh women's cricket team|Himachal Pradesh]] || ODI & T20I || 33
|-
| [[Tejal Hasabnis]] || {{age|1997|8|16}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || [[Maharashtra women's cricket team|Maharashtra]] || ODI || 23
|-
| [[Priya Punia]] || {{age|1996|08|06}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || [[Delhi women's cricket team|Delhi]] || ODI || 16
|-
|[[Pratika Rawal]]
|24
|Right-handed
|Right-arm [[Off spin]]
|[[Delhi women's cricket team|Delhi]]
|ODI
|64
|-
! colspan="7" | All-rounders
|-
| [[Deepti Sharma]] || {{age|1997|08|24}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || [[Uttar Pradesh women's cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]] || Test, ODI & T20I || 6
|-
| [[Harmanpreet Kaur]] '''(C)''' || {{age|1989|03|08}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || [[Punjab women's cricket team (India)|Punjab]] || Test, ODI & T20I || 23
|-
| [[Pooja Vastrakar]] || {{age|1999|09|25}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || [[Madhya Pradesh women's cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]] || Test, ODI & T20I || 34
|-
| [[Amanjot Kaur]] || {{age|2000|01|01}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || [[Punjab women's cricket team (India)|Punjab]] || ODI & T20I || 30
|-
| [[Dayalan Hemalatha]] || {{age|1994|9|29}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || [[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]] || ODI & T20I || 29
|-
| [[Sajeevan Sajana]] || {{age|1995|1|4}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || [[Kerala women's cricket team|Kerala]] || T20I || 44
|-
! colspan="7" | Wicket-keepers
|-
| [[Richa Ghosh]] || {{age|2003|9|28}} || Right-handed || {{n/a}} || [[Bengal women's cricket team|Bengal]] || Test, ODI & T20I || 13
|-
| [[Yastika Bhatia]] || {{age|2000|01|11}} || Left-handed || {{n/a}} || [[Baroda women's cricket team|Baroda]] || ODI & T20I || 11
|-
| [[Uma Chetry]] || {{age|2002|7|22}} || Right-handed || {{n/a}} || [[Assam women's cricket team|Assam]] || T20I || 55
|-
! colspan="7" | Spin bowlers
|-
| [[Sneh Rana (cricketer)|Sneh Rana]] || {{age|1994|02|18}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || [[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]] || Test, ODI & T20I || 2
|-
| [[Radha Yadav]] || {{age|2000|04|21}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Left arm orthodox|orthodox]] || [[Baroda women's cricket team|Baroda]] || ODI & T20I || 21
|-
| [[Shreyanka Patil]] || {{age|2002|07|31}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || [[Karnataka women's cricket team|Karnataka]] || ODI & T20I || 31
|-
| [[Vaishnavi Sharma]] || {{age|2005|12|18}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Left arm orthodox|slow orthodox]] || [[Madhya Pradesh women's cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]] || T20I || 2
|-
| [[Asha Sobhana]] || {{age|1991|3|16}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || [[Kerala women's cricket team|Kerala]] || T20I || 4
|-
| [[Priya Mishra]] || {{age|2004|6|4}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || [[Delhi women's cricket team|Delhi]] || ODI || 12
|-
! colspan="7" | Pace bowlers
|-
| [[Renuka Singh Thakur]] || {{age|1996|2|1}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || [[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]] || Test, ODI & T20I || 10
|-
| [[Saima Thakor]] || {{age|1996|9|13}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || [[Mumbai women's cricket team|Mumbai]] || ODI & T20I || 8
|-
| [[Arundhati Reddy]] || {{age|1997|4|10}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || [[Kerala women's cricket team|Telangana]] || ODI & T20I || 20
|-
| [[Sayali Satghare]] || {{age|2000|7|2}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || [[Mumbai women's cricket team|Mumbai]] || ODI ||
|-
| [[Kranti Goud]] || {{age|2003|8|11}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || [[Madhya Pradesh women's cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]] || ''ODI'' & ''T20I'' || 26
|-
| [[Kashvee Gautam]] || {{Age|2003|4|18}} || Right-handed || Right-arm medium || [[Chandigarh women's cricket team|Chandigarh]] || ODI ||
|-
|}

;Match fees
Players also receive a match fee of {{INRConvert|15|l}} per Test match, {{INRConvert|6|l}} per ODI, and {{INRConvert|3|l}} per T20I. The BCCI adopted a [[pay equity]] policy in match fees for men's and women's teams on 27 October 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=India women cricketers to earn same match fee as male counterparts, BCCI secretary Jay Shah confirms |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-women-cricketers-to-earn-same-match-fee-as-male-counterparts-bcci-secretary-jay-shah-confirms-1341878 |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=27 October 2022}}</ref>

==Coaching staff==
{{main|List of India national cricket coaches}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Position
!Name
|-
|Head coach & Batting coach ||[[Amol Muzumdar]]
|-
|Bowling coach || [[Aavishkar Salvi]]
|-
|Fielding coach || Munish Bali
|-
|Team Manager || Niranjan Godbole
|-
|rowspan="4"|Nets Trainers
|Tanveer Shukla
|-
|Sourav Tyagi
|-
|Utkarsh Singh
|-
|Akhil S Prasad
|-
|rowspan="2"|Physiotherapist
|Akanksha Satyavanshi
|-
|Neha Karnik
|-
|Fitness Trainer || Anand Date
|-
|Analyst || Aniruddha Deshpande
|}

==Tournament history==
''A red box around the year indicates tournaments played within [[India]]''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+'''Key'''
|style="background:gold" width="20"|
|align="left"|Champions
|-
|style="background:silver" width="20"|
|align="left"|Runners-up
|-
|style="background:#cc9966" width="20"|
|align="left"|Semi-finals
|-
|}

===Cricket World Cup===
{{Main|Women's Cricket World Cup}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! Year !! Round !! Position !! Played !! Won !! Lost !! Tie !! NR
|-
| {{flagicon|ENG}} [[1973 Women's Cricket World Cup|1973]]
| colspan=7|''Did not participate''
|-
|style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[1978 Women's Cricket World Cup|1978]]
| Group Stage
| 4/4
| 3
| 0
| 3
| 0
| 0
|-
| {{flagicon|NZL}} [[1982 Women's Cricket World Cup|1982]] || Group Stage
| 4/5
| 12
| 4
| 8
| 0
| 0
|-
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[1988 Women's Cricket World Cup|1988]]
| colspan=7|''Did not participate''
|-
| {{flagicon|ENG}} [[1993 Women's Cricket World Cup|1993]]
| Group Stage
| 4/8
| 7
| 4
| 3
| 0
| 0
|-style="background:#cc9966"
|style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[1997 Women's Cricket World Cup|1997]]
| Semi Finals
| 4/11
| 5
| 3
| 1
| 1
| 0
|-style="background:#cc9966"
|{{flagicon|NZL}} [[2000 Women's Cricket World Cup|2000]]
| Semi Finals
| 3/8
| 8
| 5
| 3
| 0
| 0
|-style="background:silver;"
|{{flagicon|RSA}} [[2005 Women's Cricket World Cup|2005]]
| Runners Up
| 2/8
| 8
| 5
| 2
| 0
| 1
|-style="background:#cc9966"
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[2009 Women's Cricket World Cup|2009]]
| Super 6s
| 3/6
| 7
| 5
| 2
| 0
| 0
|-
|style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[2013 Women's Cricket World Cup|2013]]
| Group Stage
| 7/8
| 4
| 2
| 2
| 0
| 0
|-style="background:silver;"
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[2017 Women's Cricket World Cup|2017]]
| Runners Up
| 2/8
| 9
| 6
| 3
| 0
| 0
|-
|{{flagicon|NZL}} [[2022 Women's Cricket World Cup|2022]]
| Group Stage
| 5/8
| 7
| 3
| 4
| 0
| 0
|-style="background:gold"
|style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[2025 Women's Cricket World Cup|2025]]
| Champions
| 1/8
| 9
| 5
| 3
| 0
| 1
|-
! Total
! 1 title
! 11/13
! 79
! 42
! 34
! 1
! 2
|-
! colspan=8 | Source:<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian results by year at the Women's Cricket World Cup|url= https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=9;filter=advanced;orderby=year;team=1863;template=results;trophy=68;type=team;view=year|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=25 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Indian overall results at the Women's Cricket World Cup|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=9;filter=advanced;orderby=won;team=1863;template=results;trophy=68;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=25 November 2018}}</ref>
|}

===T20 World Cup===
{{Main|Women's T20 World Cup}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width=900px;"
|-
! Year !! Position !! Played !! Won !! Lost !! Tie !! NR
|-style="background:#cc9966"
| {{flagicon|ENG}} [[2009 Women's World Twenty20|2009]]
| Semi Finals
| 4
| 2
| 2
| 0
| 0
|-style="background:#cc9966"
| {{flagicon|WIN}} [[2010 Women's World Twenty20|2010]]
| Semi Finals
| 4
| 2
| 2
| 0
| 0
|-
| {{flagicon|SL}} [[2012 Women's World Twenty20|2012]]
| Group Stage
| 4
| 1
| 3
| 0
| 0
|-
| {{flagicon|BAN}} [[2014 Women's World Twenty20|2014]]
| Group Stage
| 5
| 3
| 2
| 0
| 0
|-
|style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[2016 Women's World Twenty20|2016]]
| Group Stage
| 4
| 1
| 3
| 0
| 0
|-style="background:#cc9966"
| {{flagicon|WIN}} [[2018 Women's World Twenty20|2018]]
| Semi Finals
| 5
| 4
| 1
| 0
| 0
|-style="background:silver;"
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[2020 Women's T20 World Cup|2020]]
| Runners Up
| 6
| 4
| 1
| 0
| 1
|-style="background:#cc9966"
| {{flagicon|SAF}} [[2023 Women's T20 World Cup|2023]]
| Semi Finals
| 5
| 3
| 2
| 0
| 0
|-
| {{flagicon|UAE}} [[2024 Women's T20 World Cup|2024]]
| Group Stage
| 4
| 2
| 2
| 0
| 0
|-
| {{flagicon|ENG}} [[2026 Women's T20 World Cup|2026]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Total
! 0 titles
! 41
! 22
! 18
! 0
! 1
|-
! colspan=8 | Source:<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian results by year at the ICC Women's T20 World Cup|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=10;filter=advanced;orderby=year;team=1863;template=results;trophy=136;type=team;view=year|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=25 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Indian overall results at the ICC Women's T20 World Cup|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=10;filter=advanced;orderby=won;team=1863;template=results;trophy=136;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=25 November 2018}}</ref>
|}

===Olympic Games===
{{Main|Cricket at the Summer Olympics}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width=900px;"
|-
! Year !!Round!! Position !! Played !! Won !! Lost !! Tie !! NR
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[2028 Summer Olympics|2028]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Total
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|}

===Champions Trophy===
{{Main|ICC Women's Champions Trophy}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width=900px;"
|-
! Year !! Position !! Played !! Won !! Lost !! Tie !! NR
|-
|{{flagicon|SL}} [[2027 ICC Women's Champions Trophy|2027]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Total
!
!
!
!
!
!
|}

===Championship===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! width=100 |Year
! width=100 |Round
! width=50 |Position
! width=50 |GP
! width=50 |W
! width=50 |L
! width=50 |D
! width=50 |NR
|-
|[[2014–2016 ICC Women's Championship|2014-16]]||[[2014–2016 ICC Women's Championship#Points table|Group stage]]{{efn|Advance To [[2017 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier]].}} ||5/8||21||9||11||0||1
|-
|[[2017–20 ICC Women's Championship|2017-20]]||[[2017–2020 ICC Women's Championship#Points table|Group stage]]{{efn|Advance To [[2022 Women's Cricket World Cup]].}} ||4/8||21||10||8||0||3
|- style="background:silver;"
|[[2022–2025 ICC Women's Championship|2022-25]]||[[2022–2025 ICC Women's Championship#Points table|Group stage]]{{efn|Advance To [[2025 Women's Cricket World Cup]].}} ||bgcolor="silver"|2/10||24||18||6||0||0
|-
!'''Total'''||3/3||0 titles||66||37||25||0||4
|-
|}

===Commonwealth Games===
{{Main|Cricket at the Commonwealth Games}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width=900px;"
|-
! Year !! Round!!Position !! Played !! Won !! Lost !! Tie !! NR
|-
|- style="background:silver;"
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Cricket at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|2022]]
|Silver
| 2/8
| 5
| 3
| 2
| 0
| 0
|-
! Total
! 0 Title
!1/1
! 5
! 3
! 2
! 0
! 0
|}

===Asian Games===
{{Main|Cricket at the Asian Games}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width=900px;"
|-
! Year !! Round !! Position !! Played !! Won !! Lost !! Tie !! NR
|-
|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Cricket at the 2010 Asian Games - Women|2010]]
| colspan=7|''Did not participate''
|-
|{{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Cricket at the 2014 Asian Games - Women|2014]]
| colspan=7|''Did not participate''
|- style="background:gold;"
|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Cricket at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's tournament|2022]]
| Gold
| 1/9
| 3
| 2
| 0
| 0
| 1
|-
|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Cricket at the 2026 Asian Games – Women's tournament|2026]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Total
! 1 Title
! 1/1
! 3
! 2
! 0
! 0
! 1
|}

===Asia Cup===
{{Main|Women's Asia Cup}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width=900px;"
|-
! Year
! Round
! Position
! Played
! Won
! Lost
! Tie
! NR
|-bgcolor=gold
| {{flagicon|SL}} [[2004 Women's Asia Cup|2004]]
| Champions
| 1/2
| 5
| 5
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-bgcolor=gold
| {{flagicon|PAK}} {{nowrap|[[2005–06 Women's Asia Cup|2005–06]]}}
| Champions
| 1/3
| 5
| 5
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-bgcolor=gold
|style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[2006 Women's Asia Cup|2006]]
| Champions
| 1/3
| 5
| 5
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-bgcolor=gold
| {{flagicon|SL}} [[2008 Women's Asia Cup|2008]]
| Champions
| 1/4
| 7
| 7
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-bgcolor=gold
| {{flagicon|CHN}} [[2012 Women's Twenty20 Asia Cup|2012]]
| Champions
| 1/8
| 4
| 4
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-bgcolor=gold
| {{flagicon|THA}} [[2016 Women's Twenty20 Asia Cup|2016]]
| Champions
| 1/6
| 6
| 6
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-bgcolor=silver
| {{flagicon|MAS}} [[2018 Women's Twenty20 Asia Cup|2018]]
| Runners Up
| 2/6
| 6
| 4
| 2
| 0
| 0
|-bgcolor=gold
| {{flagicon|BAN}} [[2022 Women's Twenty20 Asia Cup|2022]]
| Champions
| 1/7
| 8
| 7
| 1
| 0
| 0
|-bgcolor=silver
| {{flagicon|SRI}} [[2024 Women's Twenty20 Asia Cup|2024]]
| Runners Up
| 2/8
| 5
| 4
| 1
| 0
| 0
|-
! Total
! 7 titles
! 9/9
! 51
! 47
! 4
! 0
! 0
|}

===South Asian Games===
{{Main|Cricket at the South Asian Games}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width=900px;"
|-
! Year !!Round!! Position !! Played !! Won !! Lost !! Tie !! NR
|-
|{{flagicon|BAN}} [[Cricket at the 2016 South Asian Games|2016]]
| colspan=8|''Did not participate''
|-
|{{flagicon|NEP}} [[Cricket at the 2019 South Asian Games|2019]]
| colspan=8|''Did not participate''
|-
|{{flagicon|PAK}} [[Cricket at the 2026 South Asian Games|2027]]
| colspan=8|''TBA''
|-
! Total
! 0 Titles
! 0/0
! 0
! 0
! 0
! 0
! 0
|}

==Honours==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center"
|+ India women's national cricket team honours
! style="background:#FFFFFF; color:#000000; {{box-shadow border|a|#19297C|2px}}; width:1%" | Type
! style="background:#FFFFFF; color:#000000; {{box-shadow border|a|#19297C|2px}}; width:5%" | Competition
! style="background:#FFFFFF; color:#000000; {{box-shadow border|a|#19297C|2px}}; width:1%" | Titles
! style="background:#FFFFFF; color:#000000; {{box-shadow border|a|#19297C|2px}}; width:22%" | Seasons
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''ICC Championships'''
! scope="col" | [[Women's Cricket World Cup]]
| '''1'''
| align="left" | '''Champions (1):''' [[2025 Women's Cricket World Cup|2025]] '''Runners-up (2):''' [[2005 Women's Cricket World Cup|2005]], [[2017 Women's Cricket World Cup|2017]]
|-
! scope="col" | [[ICC Women's T20 World Cup|Women's T20 World Cup]]
| '''–'''
| align="left" | '''Runners-up (1):''' [[2020 ICC Women's T20 World Cup|2020]]
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''ACC (Continental)'''
! scope="col" | [[Women's Asia Cup]]
| style="background-color:gold" | '''7'''
| align="left" | '''Champions (7):''' [[2004 Women's Asia Cup|2004]], [[2005–06 Women's Asia Cup|2005–06]], [[2006 Women's Asia Cup|2006]], [[2008 Women's Asia Cup|2008]], [[2012 Women's Twenty20 Asia Cup|2012]], [[2016 Women's Twenty20 Asia Cup|2016]], [[2022 Women's Twenty20 Asia Cup|2022]] '''Runners-up (2):''' [[2018 Women's Twenty20 Asia Cup|2018]], [[2024 Women's Twenty20 Asia Cup|2024]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''Multi-sport'''
! scope="col" | [[Cricket at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]
| '''1'''
| align="left" | '''Gold medal (1):''' [[Cricket at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's tournament|2022]]
|-
! scope="col" | [[Cricket at the Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]]
| '''1'''
| align="left" | '''Silver medal (1):''' [[Cricket at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|2022]]
|}
{{legend|gold|record}}

==Statistics==
{{main|India women's national cricket team record by opponent}}

===Test cricket===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
|-
!scope="col" |Opponent
!scope="col" |M
!scope="col" |W
!scope="col" |L
!scope="col" |D
!scope="col" |Win%
!scope="col" |Loss%
!scope="col" |Draw%
!scope="col" |First
!scope="col" |Last
|-
!scope="row" |{{crw|Australia}}
| 11 || 1 || 4 || 6 || 9.09 || 36.36 || 54.55 || 1977 || 2023
|-
!scope="row" |{{crw|England}}
| 15 || 3 || 1 || 11 || 20.00 || 6.67 || 73.33 || 1986 || 2023
|-
!scope="row" |{{crw|New Zealand}}
| 6 || 0 || 0 || 6 || 0.00 || 0.00 || 100.00 || 1977 || 2003
|-
!scope="row" |{{crw|South Africa}}
| 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 100.00 || 0.00 || 0.00 || 2002 || 2024
|-
!scope="row" |{{crw|West Indies}}
| 6 || 1 || 1 || 4 || 16.66 || 16.66 || 66.66 || 1976 || 1976
|-
|- class="sortbottom"
!scope="row" style="text-align:center" |'''Total'''
| '''41''' || '''8''' || '''6''' || '''27''' || '''19.51''' || '''14.63''' || '''65.85''' || '''1976''' || '''2024'''
|-
|colspan=10|{{small|''Statistics are correct as of Sep 01, 2025.''}}
|}

'''Most Test runs for India'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/women/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?class=8;id=1863;type=team|title= India Women / Records / Women's Test matches / Most runs |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=3 October 2021}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Player!!Runs!!Average
|-
|[[Sandhya Agarwal]]|| 1,110 || 50.45
|-
|[[Shanta Rangaswamy]]|| 750 || 32.60
|-
|[[Shubhangi Kulkarni]]|| 700 || 23.33
|-
|[[Mithali Raj]]|| 699 || 43.68
|-
|'''[[Smriti Mandhana]]'''|| 629 || 57.18
|-
|[[Gargi Banerji]]|| 614 || 27.90
|-
|[[Sudha Shah]]|| 601 || 18.78
|-
|'''[[Shafali Verma]]'''|| 567 || 63.00
|-
|[[Anjum Chopra]]|| 548 || 30.44
|-
|[[Hemlata Kala]]|| 503 || 50.30
|}

'''Most Test wickets for India'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/women/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?class=8;id=1863;type=team|title=India Women / Records / Women's Test matches / Most wickets|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=3 October 2021}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Player!!Wickets!!Average
|-
|[[Diana Edulji]]|| 63 || 25.77
|-
|[[Shubhangi Kulkarni]]|| 60 || 27.45
|-
|[[Jhulan Goswami]]|| 44 || 17.36
|-
|[[Neetu David]]|| 41 || 18.90
|-
|[[Shashi Gupta]]|| 25 || 31.28
|-
|'''[[Sneh Rana (cricketer)|Sneh Rana]]'''|| 23 || 20.95
|-
|[[Shanta Rangaswamy]]|| 21 || 31.61
|-
|'''[[Deepti Sharma]]'''|| 20 || 18.10
|-
|[[Sharmila Chakraborty]]|| 19 || 22.10
|-
|[[Purnima Rau]] || 15 || 21.26
|}

''Players in '''bold''' text are still active with India.''

*Highest team total: 603/6d v [[South Africa women's cricket team|South Africa]], 29 June 2024 at [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
*Highest individual score: 214, [[Mithali Raj]] v [[English women's cricket team|England]], 14 August 2002 at [[County Ground, Taunton]], England
*Best innings bowling: 8/53, [[Neetu David]] v [[English women's cricket team|England]], 24 November 1995 at [[Jamshedpur]], India
*Best match bowling: 10/78, [[Jhulan Goswami]] v [[English women's cricket team|England]], 29 August 2006 at [[County Ground, Taunton]], England

===One Day Internationals===

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
|-
!scope="col" |Opponent
!scope="col" |M
!scope="col" |W
!scope="col" |L
!scope="col" |T
!scope="col" |NR
!scope="col" |Win%
!scope="col" |First
!scope="col" |Last
|-
!scope="row" |{{crw|Australia}}
| 61 || 12 || 49 || 0 || 0 || 19.67 || 1978 || 2025
|-
!scope="row" |{{crw|Bangladesh}}
| 9 || 6 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 75.00 || 2013 || 2025
|-
!scope="row" |{{crw|Denmark}}
| 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 100.00 || 1993 || 1993
|-
!scope="row" |{{crw|England}}
| 80 || 36 || 42 || 0 || 2 || 45.00 || 1978 || 2025
|-
!scope="row" |[[International XI women's cricket team|International XI]]
| 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 100.00 || 1982 || 1982
|-
!scope="row" |{{crw|Ireland}}
| 15 || 15 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 100.00 || 1993 || 2025
|-
!scope="row" |{{crw|Netherlands}}
| 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 100.00 || 1993 || 2000
|-
!scope="row" |{{crw|New Zealand}}
| 58 || 23 || 34 || 1 || 0 || 39.66 || 1978 || 2025
|-
!scope="row" |{{crw|Pakistan}}
| 12 || 12 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 100.00 || 2005 || 2025
|-
!scope="row" |{{crw|South Africa}}
| 35 || 21 || 13 || 0 || 1 || 60.00 || 1997 || 2025
|-
!scope="row" |{{crw|Sri Lanka}}
| 36 || 32 || 3 || 0 || 1 || 88.89 || 2000 || 2025
|-
!scope="row" |{{crw|West Indies}}
| 29 || 24 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 82.76 || 1993 || 2024
|-
|- class="sortbottom"
!scope="row" style="text-align:center" |'''Total'''
| '''342''' || '''188''' || '''147''' || '''2'''|| '''5''' || '''54.97''' || '''1978''' || '''2025'''
|-
|colspan=10|{{small|''Statistics are correct as of November 2025.''}}
|}

'''Most ODI runs for India'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/women/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?class=9;id=1863;type=team|title=India Women / Records / Women's One-Day Internationals / Most runs |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Player!!Runs!!Average
|-
|[[Mithali Raj]]|| 7,805 || 50.68
|-
|'''[[Smriti Mandhana]]'''|| 5,322 || 48.38
|-
|'''[[Harmanpreet Kaur]]'''|| 4,409 || 37.05
|-
|[[Anjum Chopra]]|| 2,856 || 31.38
|-
|'''[[Deepti Sharma]]'''|| 2,739 || 37.01
|-
|[[Punam Raut]]|| 2,299 || 34.83
|-
|[[Jaya Sharma]]|| 2,091 || 30.75
|-
|'''[[Jemimah Rodrigues]]'''|| 1,749 || 34.98
|-
|[[Anju Jain]]|| 1,729 || 29.81
|-
|[[Jhulan Goswami]]|| 1,228 || 14.61
|}'''Most ODI wickets for India'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/women/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?class=9;id=1863;type=team|title=India Women / Records / Women's One-Day Internationals / Most wickets|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Player!!Wickets!!Average
|-
|[[Jhulan Goswami]]|| 255 || 22.04
|-
|'''[[Deepti Sharma]]'''|| 162 || 27.32
|-
|[[Neetu David]]|| 141 || 16.34
|-
|[[Nooshin Al Khadeer]]|| 100 || 24.02
|-
|[[Rajeshwari Gayakwad]]|| 99 || 20.79
|-
|[[Ekta Bisht]]|| 98 || 21.83
|-
|[[Amita Sharma]]|| 87 || 35.52
|-
|[[Poonam Yadav]]|| 80 || 25.15
|-
|[[Shikha Pandey]]|| 75 || 21.92
|-
|[[Gouher Sultana]]|| 66 || 19.39
|}''Players in '''bold''' text are still active with India.''

*Highest team total: 435/5 v [[Ireland women's cricket team|Ireland]], 15 Jan 2025 at [[Niranjan Shah Stadium]], [[India]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/deepti-sharma-597811|title=Deepti Sharma profile and biography, stats, records, averages, photos and videos|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=17 November 2021}}</ref>
*Highest individual score: 188, [[Deepti Sharma]] v [[Ireland women's cricket team|Ireland]], 15 May 2017 at [[Senwes Park]], [[South Africa]]<ref name="auto"/>
*Best innings bowling: 6/10, [[Mamatha Maben]] v [[Sri Lankan women's cricket team|Sri Lanka]], 25 April 2004 at [[Asgiriya Stadium]], [[Sri Lanka]]

===Twenty20 Internationals===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
|-
!scope="col" |Opponent
!scope="col" |M
!scope="col" |W
!scope="col" |L
!scope="col" |T
!scope="col" |Tie+W
!scope="col" |Tie+L
!scope="col" |NR
!scope="col" |Win%
!scope="col" |First
!scope="col" |Last
|-
! scope="row" |{{crw|Australia}}
| 35 || 7 || 26 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 20.00 || 2008 || 2024
|-
! scope="row" |{{crw|Bangladesh}}
| 23 || 20 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 86.95 || 2013 || 2024
|-
! scope="row" |{{crw|Barbados}}
| 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 100.00 || 2022 || 2022
|-
! scope="row" |{{crw|England}}
| 35 || 11 || 24 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 31.43 || 2006 || 2025
|-
! scope="row" |{{crw|Ireland}}
| 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 100.00 || 2018 || 2023
|-
! scope="row" |{{crw|Malaysia}}
| 3|| 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 66.67 || 2018 || 2023
|-
! scope="row" |{{crw|Nepal}}
| 1|| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 100 || 2024 || 2024
|-
!scope="row" |{{crw|New Zealand}}
| 14|| 4 || 10 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 28.57 || 2009 || 2024
|-
!scope="row" |{{crw|Pakistan}}
| 16 || 13 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 81.25 || 2009 || 2024
|-
!scope="row" |{{crw|South Africa}}
| 19 || 10 || 6 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 3 || 52.63 || 2014 || 2024
|-
!scope="row" |{{crw|Sri Lanka}}
| 31 || 25 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 80.65 || 2009 || 2025
|-
! scope="row" |{{crw|Thailand}}
| 3|| 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 100 || 2018 || 2022
|-
! scope="row" |{{crw|UAE}}
| 2|| 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 100 || 2022 || 2024
|-
!scope="row" |{{crw|West Indies}}
| 24 || 15 || 9 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 62.50 || 2011 || 2024
|- class="sortbottom"
!scope="row" style="text-align:center" |'''Total'''
| '''209''' || '''116''' || '''86'''|| '''0''' || '''1''' || '''0''' || '''6'''|| '''55.50''' || '''2006''' || '''2025'''
|-
| colspan="11" |{{small|''Statistics are correct as of Dec 2025.''}}
|}

'''Most T20I runs for India'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=India Women Cricket Team Records & Stats |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/women/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?class=10&id=1863&type=team |access-date=2023-02-23 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Player!!Runs!!Average
|-
|'''[[Smriti Mandhana]]'''|| 4,102 || 29.94
|-
| '''[[Harmanpreet Kaur]]''' || 3,784 || 29.33
|-
|'''[[Jemimah Rodrigues]]'''|| 2,479 || 30.60
|-
|'''[[Shafali Verma]]'''|| 2,462 || 27.97
|-
|[[Mithali Raj]]|| 2,364 || 37.52
|-
|'''[[Richa Ghosh]]'''|| 1,113 || 27.82
|-
|'''[[Deepti Sharma]]'''|| 1,107 || 23.06
|-
|[[Veda Krishnamurthy]]|| 875 || 18.61
|-
|[[Punam Raut]]|| 719 || 27.65
|-
|[[Jhulan Goswami]]|| 405 || 10.94
|}

'''Most T20I wickets for India'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=India Women Cricket Team Records & Stats |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/women/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?class=10&id=1863&type=team |access-date=2023-02-23 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Player!!Wickets!!Average
|-
|'''[[Deepti Sharma]]'''|| 152 || 19.00
|-
|'''[[Radha Yadav]]'''|| 103 || 19.09
|-
|[[Poonam Yadav]]|| 98 || 15.25
|-
|'''[[Renuka Singh (cricketer)|Renuka Singh]]'''|| 62 || 21.19
|-
|[[Rajeshwari Gayakwad]]|| 61 || 19.13
|-
|[[Pooja Vastrakar]]|| 58 || 21.41
|-
|[[Jhulan Goswami]]|| 56 || 21.94
|-
|[[Ekta Bisht]]|| 53 || 14.71
|-
|[[Anuja Patil]]|| 48 || 21.00
|-
|[[Shikha Pandey]]|| 43 || 26.16
|}

''Players in '''bold''' text are still active with India.''

• Highest team total: 221/2 v [[Sri Lanka women's national cricket team|SL]], 28 December 2025 at [[The Sports Hub|Greenfield Stadium]], [[India]]

• Highest individual score: 111, [[Smriti Mandhana]] v [[England women's cricket team|New Zealand]], 28 June 2025 at [[Trent Bridge]], [[England]]

• Best innings bowling: 5/11, [[Jhulan Goswami]] v [[Australia women's cricket team|Australia]], 23 March 2012 at [[ACA–VDCA Cricket Stadium]], [[Visakhapatnam]]

==Individual records==
{{further|List of women's Test cricket records|List of women's One Day International cricket records|List of women's Twenty20 International records}}

==See also==
{{Portal bar|India|Cricket|Sports|World}}
*[[Cricket in India]]
*[[BCCI Awards]]
*[[Glossary of cricket terms]]
*[[India women's national under-19 cricket team]]
*[[Women's Premier League (cricket)|Women's Premier League]]
*[[Women's Senior One Day Trophy]]
*[[Women's Senior T20 Trophy]]
*[[National Cricket Academy]] (NCA)
*[[Sport in India]] – Overview of sports in India

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External Links==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Das |first1=Suprita |title=Free Hit: The Story of Women's Cricket in India |date=2019 |publisher=Harper Sport |location=Noida, Uttar Pradesh |isbn=9789353024550 |url={{GBurl|e6d1DwAAQBAJ}}}}
*{{cite book |last1=Keshav |first1=Karunya |last2=Patnaik |first2=Sidhanta |title=The Fire Burns Blue: A History of Women's Cricket in India |date=2018 |publisher=Westland Sport |location=Chennai |isbn=9789387894433 |url={{GBurl|RiGfwwEACAAJ}}}}
* {{cite book |last1=Singla |first1=Mukta |last2=Slathia |first2=Roopali |title=Rising Spell in Women's Cricket |date=2017 |publisher=Mohindra Publishing House |location=Chandhigarh |isbn=9789386558152 |url={{GBurl|dYcPzgEACAAJ}}}}
{{refend}}

{{India women's national cricket team}}
{{Cricket in India}}
{{ICC Women's Cricket World Cup winners}}
{{Cricket Women's Asia Cup winners}}
{{Women's national cricket teams}}
{{National sports teams of India}}

[[Category:India women's national cricket team| ]]
[[Category:Women's national cricket teams]]
[[Category:India in international cricket|*]]
[[Category:Women's cricket teams in India| ]]
[[Category:Cricket in India|*]]
[[Category:History of Indian cricket|National]]
[[Category:1976 establishments in India]]
[[Category:National sports teams established in 1976]]

Pawan Krishna

2026-03-12T21:20:13Z

Dhwanika Joshi: New A Details

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Pawan Krishna
| image = Pawan at the Vada Chennai Press Meet.jpg
| image_upright =
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = 
| death_date =
| death_place =
| othername =
| yearsactive = 1997–present
| website =
| height =
| occupation = Actor
}}

'''Pawan Krishna''' is an Indian actor who has appeared in Tamil, Malayalam and Telugu films. He made his debut in ''[[Raasi (film)|Raasi]]'', supporting role in ''[[Thimiru]]'', before playing leading roles in ''[[Sengathu Bhoomiyilae]]''.

==Career==
Pawan ventured into Tamil films with [[Vetrimaaran]]'s ''[[Polladhavan (2007 film)|Polladhavan]]''. He also played the villain role in the [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]]-starrer ''[[Kuruvi]]'' (2008), with his work for the film preventing him from accepting offers for roles in ''[[Aegan]]'' and ''[[Silambattam (film)|Silambattam]]''.<ref name="kollywoodtoday">{{cite web |url=http://www.kollywoodtoday.net/news/actor-pawan-a-new-star-in-the-rise/ |title=Actor Pawan – A new star in the rise – Kollywood Today |date=21 May 2008 |publisher=kollywoodtoday.net |accessdate=12 January 2014 |archive-date=12 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112231515/http://www.kollywoodtoday.net/news/actor-pawan-a-new-star-in-the-rise/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Pawan next featured in Rathnakumar's family drama film ''[[Sengathu Bhoomiyilae]]'' (2012) as the film's lead character but the film met with a low key release and mixed reviews.<ref name="behindwoods">{{cite web |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-reviews/reviews-2/feb-12-01/sengathu-bhoomiyile-review.html |title=Sengathu Bhoomiyile Review – Sengathu Bhoomiyile Movie Review |publisher=behindwoods.com |accessdate=12 January 2014 |archive-date=16 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416024022/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-reviews/reviews-2/feb-12-01/sengathu-bhoomiyile-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He then appeared as one of the four lead actors in ''[[Thagaraaru]]'' (2013), winning critical acclaim for his performance.<ref name="top10cinema">{{cite web |url=http://www.top10cinema.com/article/23263/thagararu-movie-review|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112230603/http://www.top10cinema.com/article/23263/thagararu-movie-review|url-status=usurped|archive-date=12 January 2014 |title=Thagararu Movie Review – Top10 Cinema |date=6 December 2013 |publisher=top10cinema.com |accessdate=12 January 2014}}</ref><ref name="sify">{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/thagararu-review-tamil-15044739.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206222623/http://www.sify.com/movies/thagararu-review-tamil-15044739.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 December 2013 |title=Movie Review : Thagararu |website=[[Sify]] |accessdate=12 January 2014}}</ref> Pawan also appeared in a small role in the [[Ajith Kumar]] starrer ''[[Veeram (2014 film)|Veeram]]'' (2014). He starred in [[Vetrimaaran]]'s ''[[Vada Chennai]]'' (2018) and ''[[Asuran (2019 film)|Asuran]]'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/pawan-apologises-to-thalapathy-vijay-for-his-controversial-statement-on-kuruvi/articleshow/73267501.cms |title=Pawan apologises to Thalapathy Vijay for his controversial statement on 'Kuruvi' |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=5 August 2020 |archive-date=16 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116170932/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/pawan-apologises-to-thalapathy-vijay-for-his-controversial-statement-on-kuruvi/articleshow/73267501.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> He has played as politician in the film ''[[Mask (2025 film) |Mask]]'' (2025).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mask Movie Review: Ungainly detours hide a delectable dark comedy |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2025/Nov/21/mask-movie-review-ungainly-detours-hide-a-delectable-dark-comedy |access-date=2025-11-21 |work=Cinema Express}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Tamil films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Tamil-language film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1997 || ''[[Raasi (film)|Raasi]]'' || Kumar's friend || Uncredited role
|-
|1998||''[[Ulavuthurai]]'' ||dancer in song "Kandu Pudithaya" ||uncredited role<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://youtube.com/duqCzbifUUw?si=Mcr6D2phTTjbEIWy |title=Kandu Piditthaya 4K Video Song {{!}} Ulavuthurai Movie Songs {{!}} Shah {{!}} Vijayakanth, Meena {{!}} Vairamuthu |date=23 October 2025|access-date=24 October 2025|publisher=Pyramid Audio|time=1:05 to 1:08}}</ref>
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Bala (2002 film)|Bala]]'' || Jeyamani's henchman || Uncredited role
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Alaudin]]'' || Gangadhar's henchman || Uncredited role
|-
|rowspan="3"|2005 || ''[[Englishkaran]]'' || Padma's son ||
|-
| ''[[Kasthuri Maan]]'' || Kasi ||
|-
| ''[[Ji (film)|Ji]]'' || Chezhiyan ||
|-
|rowspan="2"|2006 || ''[[Thimiru]]'' || Bavani ||
|-
| ''[[Kalabha Kadhalan]]'' || Dhana ||
|-
|2007 || ''[[Polladhavan (2007 film)|Polladhavan]]'' || Out ||
|-
|rowspan="3"|2008 || ''[[Kuruvi]]'' || Soori ||
|-
| ''[[Dindigul Sarathy]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Bheemaa]]'' || Pawan IPS ||
|-
|rowspan="2"|2009 || ''[[Maasilamani]]'' || Inspector Boopathy ||
|-
| ''[[Suriyan Satta Kalloori]]'' || Thiruchelvan, Kalaichelvan ||
|-
|rowspan="2"|2012 || ''[[Sengathu Bhoomiyilae]]'' || Vallarasu ||
|-
| ''[[Mayanginen Thayanginen]]'' || Muthukumar's friend ||
|-
|rowspan="2"|2013 || ''[[Thagaraaru]]'' || Senthil ||
|-
| ''[[Ragalaipuram]]'' || Burma Kumar ||
|-
|rowspan="3"|2014 || ''[[Veeram (2014 film)|Veeram]]'' || Nallasivam's son ||
|-
| ''[[Theriyama Unna Kadhalichitten]]'' || Prakash ||
|-
| ''[[Vilaasam]]'' || Shiva (Seesa) ||
|-
|rowspan="1"|2016 || ''[[Kathakali (film)|Kathakali]]'' || Sambantham ||
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Vaigai Express (film)|Vaigai Express]]'' || Ajay ||
|-
|rowspan="3"|2018 || ''[[Maniyaar Kudumbam]]'' || Thanrasu ||
|-
| ''[[Azhagumagan]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Vada Chennai]]'' || Velu ||
|-
|rowspan="2"|2019 || ''[[Sathru (2019 film)|Sathru]]'' || Kathiresan's brother ||
|-
| ''[[Asuran (2019 film)|Asuran]]'' || Venkatesan ||
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Naadodigal 2]]'' || Soumya's uncle ||
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Therkathi Veeran]]'' || ||
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2024 || ''[[Maya Puthagam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Pogumidam Vegu Thooramillai]]'' || Esakkimuthu ||
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Mask (2025 film) |Mask]]'' || MLA Manivannan ||
|-
| 2026 || ''[[99/66]]'' || || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cbfcindia.gov.in/cbfcAdmin/search-result.php?recid=Q0EwMzEzMDIyMDI2MDAwNTI=|title=CBFC | Search Film|website=cbfcindia.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Telugu films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Telugu film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable"|Notes
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Kurradu]]'' || Satya's right hand
| Remake of ''[[Polladhavan (2007 film)|Polladhavan]]''
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Yuddham Sharanam]]'' || Jogi
|
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Acharya (2022 film)|Acharya]]'' || Obulu ||
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Crazy Fellow]]'' || Chinni's Brother ||
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Meter (film)|Meter]]'' || Kantham Byreddy || Credited as Dhanush Pawan
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Raajadhani Files]]'' || Andhra Pradesh CM ||<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/interesting-trailer-of-rajadhani-files-released.html |title=Interesting trailer of Rajadhani Files released |date=5 February 2024 |access-date=9 February 2024 |archive-date=5 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205132610/https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/interesting-trailer-of-rajadhani-files-released.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|}

===Malayalam films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Malayalam film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable"|Notes
|-
| rowspan="2"|2007 || ''[[July 4 (film)|July 4]]'' || Williams ||
|-
| ''Janmam'' || ||
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Robin Hood (2009 film)|Robin Hood]]'' || Goonda ||
|-
|rowspan="3"|2010 || ''[[Black Stallion (film)|Black Stallion]]'' || Perumal ||
|-
| ''[[The Thriller]]'' || Udayabhanu ||
|-
| ''[[Chaverpada]]'' || Jaggu Bhai / Jehangir Mustafa / Varghese Antony / Yogeeshwaran / Parameshwaran ||
|-
|}

===Web series===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ List of web series credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Network
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Sengalam]]''
|Rajamanickam
| [[ZEE5]]
|<ref>{{cite web |date=19 March 2023 |script-title=ta:அரசியல் திரில்லராக உருவாகியுள்ள 'செங்களம்' இணையத் தொடர்! – மார்ச் 24 ஆம் தேதி ஜீ5 தளத்தில் வெளியாகிறது |trans-title='Sengalam' web series which has become a political thriller! – Releasing on 24th March on Zee5 platform |url=https://www.cinemainbox.com/new-cinemadetail/political-thriller-web-series-sengalam-release-in-zee-5-8880.html |website=Cinema Inbox |language=ta |access-date=19 March 2023 |archive-date=19 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319105056/https://www.cinemainbox.com/new-cinemadetail/political-thriller-web-series-sengalam-release-in-zee-5-8880.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|9048176}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pawan}}
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{India-film-actor-stub}}

Kerala Democratic Party

2026-03-05T23:32:34Z

Dhwanika Joshi: Creating Entry

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
|party_name = Kerala Democratic Party
|colorcode = {{Party color|Democratic Congress Kerala}}
|founder = [[Mani C. Kappan]]
|president = K J Josemon
|general_secretary =
<nowiki>Suresh Velayudhan|Pradeep Karunakaran Pillai|Balaraman Nair|Sasi Pulickal}}</nowiki>

treasurer

siby thomas
|foundation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2021|02|22}}
|split = [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
|abbreviation = KDP
|ideology = {{Nowrap|[[Liberalism]]}}
|colours = Pacific Blue
|position = [[Centrism|Centre]]
|eci =
|alliance = [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]
|state_seats_name = [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
|state_seats =
{{Composition bar|1|140|hex={{Party color|Democratic Congress Kerala}}}}
| flag = [[File:Kerala Democratic Party Flag.png|100px]]
| no_states = {{Composition bar|0|31|hex={{Party color|Democratic Congress Kerala}}}}
}}

'''Kerala Democratic Party'''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.madhyamam.com/kerala/mani-c-cappan-kerala-democratic-party-1125234 | title=മാണി സി. കാപ്പന് 'കേരള ഡെമോക്രാറ്റിക് പാർട്ടി' | Mani C. Cappan 'Kerala Democratic Party' | Madhyamam | date=4 February 2023 }}</ref>
formerly called '''Nationalist Congress Kerala''', '''Democratic Congress Kerala''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/print-edition/kerala/mani-c-kappan-1.5834558|title=മാണി സി. കാപ്പന്റെ പാർട്ടി ഇനി ഡെമോക്രാറ്റിക് കോൺഗ്രസ് കേരള|access-date=2021-11-15|archive-date=2021-11-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115190114/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/print-edition/kerala/mani-c-kappan-1.5834558|url-status=dead}}</ref> is a [[political party]] in [[Kerala]], [[India]], formed after the split in [[Nationalist Congress Party]] in Kerala. It is led by [[Mani C. Kappan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/mobile/news/kerala/mani-c-kappan-announces-new-party-nck--1.5461082|title=Mani C Kappan announces new party 'NCK' | Mani C Kappan new party| NCK party| Mani C Kappan NCK}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2021/02/22/mani-c-kappan-new-party-nationalist-congress-kerala.html|title=Kappan announces new party, names it Nationalist Congress Kerala|website=Kappan announces new party, names it Nationalist Congress Kerala}}</ref>

==Formation==
Mani C. Kappan and his [[Nationalist Congress Party]] were part of the ruling [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front]] alliance in [[Kerala]]. After rumours that the LDF was planning to give Kappan's sitting seat to [[Kerala Congress (M)]], Kappan decided to leave the alliance. He initially claimed that he had the support of the party leadership and the party was planning to leave LDF and join the [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front]]. However, the party's state and national leadership decided to continue with the LDF and hence Kappan decided to float a new party in 2021 February.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kappan-forms-nationalist-congress-kerala/article33905288.ece|title = Kappan forms Nationalist Congress Kerala|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 22 February 2021}}</ref>

==Electoral Victory==
Mani C. Kappan, the Nationalist Congress Kerala (now called Kerala Democratic Party) candidate in the [[Pala (State Assembly constituency)|Pala Constituency]] had a smooth and sharp victory over his rival, [[Jose K Mani]], of the [[Kerala Congress (M)]] with a margin of 15,378 votes.

== Electoral performance ==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Kerala Legislative Assembly election results
|-
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Congress Kerala}};color:white" | Election Year
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Congress Kerala}};color:white" | Alliance
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Congress Kerala}};color:white" | Seats contested
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Congress Kerala}};color:white" | Seats won
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Congress Kerala}};color:white" | Total Votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Congress Kerala}};color:white" | Percentage of votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Congress Kerala}};color:white" | +/- Vote
|-
|[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]
|1
|{{Composition bar|1|140|{{party color|Democratic Congress Kerala}}}}
|69,804
|0.33%
|''New''
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Political parties in Kerala]]
[[Category:2021 establishments in Kerala]]

Aravindante Athidhikal

2026-03-03T20:31:32Z

Dhwanika Joshi: Starting new entry - done

{{Short description|2018 film by M. Mohanan}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Aravindante Athidhikal
| image = Aravindante Athidhikal film poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[M. Mohanan]]
| producer = Pradeep Kumar Pathiyara [[Noble Babu Thomas]]
| writer = Rajesh Raghavan
| screenplay =
| story =
| starring = [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]] [[Nikhila Vimal]] [[Sreenivasan]]
| music = [[Shaan Rahman]]
| cinematography = [[Swaroop Philip]]
| editing = [[Ranjan Abraham]]
| studio = Pathiyara Entertainments Big Bang Entertainments
| distributor = [[Kalasangham Films]] (India) Phars Films ([[Gulf Cooperation Council|GCC]]) Omega Movies (United States and Canada)
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2018|4|27|ref1=}}
| runtime = 115 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget = 
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|22 crore}}<ref name="firstpost.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/sudani-from-nigeria-to-aravindante-athidhikal-small-films-lead-summer-box-office-collections-in-kerala-4479299.html |title=Sudani From Nigeria to Aravindante Athidhikal, small films lead summer box office collections in Kerala |website=Firstpost |date=23 May 2018 |accessdate=4 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313043552/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/sudani-from-nigeria-to-aravindante-athidhikal-small-films-lead-summer-box-office-collections-in-kerala-4479299.html |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref>
}}

'''''Aravindante Athidhikal''''' ({{translation|Aravindan's Guests}}) is a 2018 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[comedy-drama]] film directed by [[M. Mohanan]] and produced by Pradeep Kumar Pathiyara and co-produced by [[Noble Babu Thomas]] under the studios Pathiyara Entertainments and Big Bang Entertainments, respectively. The film stars [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2017/aravindante-athithikal-here-is-an-update-on-vineeth-sreenivasan-s-role-in-the-movie-269104.html |title=Aravindante Athithikal: Here Is An Update On Vineeth Sreenivasan's Role In The Movie! |website=Filmibeat |date=28 October 2017 |accessdate=20 December 2017 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313041104/https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2017/aravindante-athithikal-here-is-an-update-on-vineeth-sreenivasan-s-role-in-the-movie-269104.html |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref> [[Sreenivasan]],<ref name="TOI News">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/vineeth-sreenivasan-is-a-lodge-manager-in-aravindante-athithikal/articleshow/61142834.cms |title=Vineeth Sreenivasan is a lodge manager in Aravindante Athithikal |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=20 October 2017 |accessdate=20 December 2017 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190313032244/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/vineeth-sreenivasan-is-a-lodge-manager-in-aravindante-athithikal/articleshow/61142834.cms |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref> [[Nikhila Vimal]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://mollywood24x7.com/kerala-kaumudi-flash-movies-aravindante-athidhikal-nikhila-vimal-and-aju-varghese-shine-bright-in-2018|title=Kerala Kaumudi Flash Movies: Aravindante Athidhikal, Nikhila Vimal shine bright in 2018!|work=Mollywood 24x7|access-date=2019-01-06|archive-date=13 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190313053134/https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/61416|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Shanthi Krishna]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/shanthi-krishna-in-vineeth-sreenivasans-aravindante-athithikal/articleshow/61317881.cms |title=Shanthi Krishna in Vineeth Sreenivasan's Aravindante Athithikal |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=29 October 2017 |accessdate=20 December 2017 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190313032528/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/shanthi-krishna-in-vineeth-sreenivasans-aravindante-athithikal/articleshow/61317881.cms |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref> and [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/urvashi-comes-back-to-mollywood-in-vineeth-sreenivasan-starrer/articleshow/61133642.cms |title=Urvashi comes back to Mollywood in Vineeth Sreenivasan starrer |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=18 October 2017 |accessdate=20 December 2017 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190313032734/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/urvashi-comes-back-to-mollywood-in-vineeth-sreenivasan-starrer/articleshow/61133642.cms |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref> This film is credited as the 200th film of Sreenivasan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/vineeth-sreenivasan-starts-shooting-for-aravindante-adithikal/articleshow/61903034.cms |title=Vineeth Sreenivasan starts shooting for Aravindante Adithikal |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=3 December 2017 |accessdate=20 December 2017 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190313031738/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/vineeth-sreenivasan-starts-shooting-for-aravindante-adithikal/articleshow/61903034.cms |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref>

The film was released on 27 April 2018 and received generally favourable reviews. Asianet Disney Hotstar bought the Satellite rights of this movie for 3.5 crores. The film was a commercial success at box office.<ref name="firstpost.com"/> The film completed its 100-day run in theatres on 5 August 2018.<ref name="TOI 100">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/kochi/vineeth-sreenivasan-and-team-celebrate-aravindante-adhithikals-101-days/articleshow/65302770.cms |title=Vineeth Sreenivasan and team celebrate Aravindante Adhithikal's 101 days |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=7 August 2018 |accessdate=12 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313034108/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/kochi/vineeth-sreenivasan-and-team-celebrate-aravindante-adhithikals-101-days/articleshow/65302770.cms |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref> The film collected almost 22 crores from its overall theatrical run and the producer got a share of 8 crores. The film won the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Choreography]] at the [[49th Kerala State Film Awards]]. ''Aravindante Athidhikal'' went on to win four awards at the [[Kerala Kaumudi|Kerala Kaumudi Flash Movies Awards 2018]], including Most Popular Film, Most Popular Actress for Nikhila Vimal, Most Popular Supporting Actor for Aju Varghese and Second Most Popular Director. Vineeth Sreenivasan and Nikhila Vimal won the Best Star Pair Award at the [[Vanitha Film Awards|Vanitha Film Awards 2019]].

== Plot ==
The story develops at the premises surrounding the [[Mookambika Temple, Kollur|Mookambika Temple]]. A five-year-old boy Aravindan was abandoned by his mother on [[Navarathri]] day in the year 1996 at [[Mookambika]] Lakshmi Devi's Sanctum. He is taken care by a kind [[Hotel manager|hotelier]], Madhavan. He grows up to be a caretaker of the hotel with interests in arts and social service. However, under his cheerful personality he is keenly longing for his mother and have not viewed the deity once since his mother left him.

2018, Varada, an uptight [[Bharatanatyam]] student with her family comes to Mookambika temple to mark her beginning in career as a dancer. Aravindan brings Varada's family at Madhavan's lodge. Varada slips and breaks her leg and is forced to stay and rest at the lodge and thereby she gets to know Aravindan better. He also gets her a chance to choreograph a video album. Varada reveals that it is her passion to study under the famous danseuse Janaki Subramaniam and Aravindan arranges a meeting with Janaki, knowing her personally and also arranges Varada to study under Janaki in Kumbakonam.

Understanding Aravindan's undying hope to see his mother someday, Varada makes it her mission to find Aravindan's mother. As a painter Aravindan has drawn out his early childhood memories and Varada uses it to find clues to the whereabouts of Aravindan's mother. Janaki reveals to Varada that for a new dance show in the United States, the theme would be motherhood, which makes Varada suspicious as her previous themes were based on Faith and Love. Varada finds out from a student that Janaki was married at a very young age and also had a son. She left her husband as he forced her to stop dancing. Whereabouts about her son are unknown.

Varada finds clues from Janaki's past in Udupi, where Aravindan is supposed to hail from. She invites him to reveal this matter and is saddened to find out that he is not Janaki's son, he reveals that Janaki's actual son is in the U.S. and she just does not share her personal life publicly. Varada is still determined and with help from some of her friends and Rasheed, searches the whole of Udupi tracing out the pincodes from the drawings and gets to know from a Government office that his birth was registered, and his mother is Geethalakshmi and father is Dr. Balakrishnan. They then trace out the house that they used to rent and an old postman reveals that Balakrishnan had abandoned them, and Geethalakshmi was a nursing student, who after leaving the place sent the rental dues as money order later on. Varada discovers that Geethalakshmi is married now to another family and is not willing to take back her son, even though she is resentful about leaving him at a Children's home (from where Aravindan strays away in search of his mother) before leaving for home, as she was then a student from a low class family and whose parents refused to accept that she has a child.

Geethalakshmi visits Mookambika with her family in a secret search for Aravindan and making it possible for Aravindan to see the Mookambika Goddess for the first time with his mother while Varada is performing her debutante dance.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]] as Aravindan
** Jonah Jijo as Young Aravindan
* [[Nikhila Vimal]] as Varada
* [[Sreenivasan]] as Madhavan
* [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] as Girija, Varada's mother
* [[Aju Varghese]] as Rasheed
* [[Prem Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Prem Kumar]] as Venu, Girija's younger brother
* [[K. P. A. C. Lalitha]] as Kousalyamma
* [[Sreejaya Nair]] as Janaki Subramaniam
* [[Shanthi Krishna]] as Geethalakshmi, Aravindan's mother
** Meenu Reshma as Young Geethalakshmi
* Kavya Bellu as Shilpa, Varada's friend
* [[Vijayaraghavan]] as "Kaala" Prabhakaran, Varada's father
* [[Devan (actor)|Devan]] as Geethalakshmi's Husband
* [[Bijukuttan]] as Sumesh
* [[Kottayam Nazeer]] as Sreekrishnan
* [[Besant Ravi]] as Swarnalingam
* [[Baiju Santhosh|Baiju]] as Hari
* [[Santhosh Keezhattoor]] as Raghavan
* [[Sneha Sreekumar]] as Bindu Hari
* Manoj Namboothiri as Adiga
* Bindu Ramakrishnan as Old lady
* Unniraj Cheruvathur as Astrologer
}}

==Production==
===Development===
Writer Rajesh Raghavan first thought about the film after completing his previous venture ''[[Vaadhyar]]''.<ref name="OnManorama">{{cite web|url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/interview/2018/06/08/rajesh-raghavan-aravindante-athidhikal-script-writer.html |title=നാല് ചിത്രങ്ങൾ ശ്രദ്ധിക്കപ്പെട്ടില്ല; അഞ്ചാമത്തെ ചിത്രം സൂപ്പർഹിറ്റ് |website=[[Malayala Manorama]] |date=8 June 2018 |accessdate=11 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313042751/https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/interview/2018/06/08/rajesh-raghavan-aravindante-athidhikal-script-writer.html |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref> He visualized Aravindan's character and started writing the script for the film. Before writing the script, Rajesh had already decided the cast.<ref name="TOI">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/vineeth-sreenivasan-i-have-realised-that-the-love-people-have-for-my-father-has-been-a-blessing-for-me/articleshow/63799491.cms |title=Vineeth Sreenivasan: I have realised that the love people have for my father has been a blessing for me |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=18 April 2018 |accessdate=13 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190313032859/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/vineeth-sreenivasan-i-have-realised-that-the-love-people-have-for-my-father-has-been-a-blessing-for-me/articleshow/63799491.cms |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref> With the help of a production controller and a project coordinator he approached director [[M. Mohanan]] who found the script interesting and agreed to make it as a film.<ref name="OnManorama"/> Rajesh said that this script took him the longest period to write and he enjoyed every bit in writing it.

In October 2017, the film was officially titled ''Aravindante Athidhikal'' and [[M. Mohanan]] confirmed that [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]] will be playing the lead role, after completing Vineeth's ongoing project ''[[Aana Alaralodalaral]]''.<ref name="indianexpress">{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2017/oct/20/vineeth-sreenivasans-next-titled-aravindante-adithikal-1678146.html |title=Vineeth Sreenivasan's next titled Aravindante Adithikal |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=20 October 2017 |access-date=11 March 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313044748/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2017/oct/20/vineeth-sreenivasans-next-titled-aravindante-adithikal-1678146.html |archive-date=13 March 2019 }}</ref> Vineeth plays Aravindan who is a lodge manager.<ref name="TOI News"/> The film was reported to be produced by Pradeep Kumar under the banner of Pathiyara Entertainment. Mohanan's usual collaborator [[Ranjan Abraham]] was confirmed as the film editor. Instead of his regular cinematographer P. Sukumar and music director [[M. Jayachandran]], he chose [[Swaroop Philip]] and [[Shaan Rahman]] for those positions, respectively.<ref name="indianexpress"/> It was Vineeth's suggestion to make Shaan compose the music for the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/m-mohanan-on-his-new-movie-aravindante-adhithikal/article23758018.ece |title=The innkeeper's guests |website=[[The Hindu]] |date=3 May 2018 |accessdate=12 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313044616/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/m-mohanan-on-his-new-movie-aravindante-adhithikal/article23758018.ece |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref> [[Nikhila Vimal]] of ''[[Love 24x7]]'' fame was confirmed to play the lead actress.<ref name="indianexpress"/> She plays Varada, one of the guests at the lodge.<ref name="TOI News"/> Vineeth's father [[Sreenivasan]] was reportedly part of the cast and was said that the duo won't be paired up as father and son onscreen.<ref name="indianexpress"/> Earlier, the two had appeared together in films like ''[[Makante Achan]]'', ''[[Traffic (2011 film)|Traffic]]'' and ''[[Padmasree Bharat Dr. Saroj Kumar]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/sreenivasan-and-vineeth-team-up-for-aravindante-adhithikal-news-malayalam-scuqeladiadjj.html |title=Sreenivasan and Vineeth team up for 'Aravindante Adhithikal' |website=[[Sify]] |date=20 February 2018 |accessdate=11 March 2019 |url-status=dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313040824/http://www.sify.com/movies/sreenivasan-and-vineeth-team-up-for-aravindante-adhithikal-news-malayalam-scuqeladiadjj.html |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref> [[Shanthi Krishna]], [[Aju Varghese]] and [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvasi]] were also confirmed to play significant roles.<ref name="indianexpress"/> [[M. Mohanan]] said to ''[[The New Indian Express]]'', "This is an entertainer, which is high on situational humour. One can't call it a family drama, but families are going to love it as it has a feel-good factor."<ref name="indianexpress"/>
[[File:Sri Mookambika Temple, Kollur.jpg|thumb|left|Mookambika Temple, as seen in the film]]

===Marketing===
The first look poster of the film was revealed by Vineeth on 17 February 2018. While sharing the poster on Facebook he wrote, "Here is the first look poster of ''Aravindante Athidhikal''.. A movie after a long time with achan.. I got the opportunity of working with some amazing artists in this film.. Directed by my uncle M Mohanan.. this will be a Shaan Rahman musical".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/vineeth-sreenivasan-and-sreenivasan-in-aravindante-athithikal-first-look-poster/articleshow/62961838.cms |title=Vineeth Sreenivasan and Sreenivasan in Aravindante Athithikal first look poster |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=17 February 2018 |accessdate=13 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313033132/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/vineeth-sreenivasan-and-sreenivasan-in-aravindante-athithikal-first-look-poster/articleshow/62961838.cms |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref> On 31 March 2018, a 45-second [[Teaser campaign|teaser]] was released on YouTube featuring a conversation between the father-son duo (Vineeth and Sreenivasan).<ref name="News Minute">{{cite web|url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/aravindante-athidhikal-teaser-sreenivasan-and-son-vineeth-share-screen-space-78885 |title='Aravindante Athidhikal' teaser: Sreenivasan and son Vineeth share screen space |website=[[The News Minute]] |date=2 April 2018 |accessdate=12 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313050006/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/aravindante-athidhikal-teaser-sreenivasan-and-son-vineeth-share-screen-space-78885 |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref> The teaser recorded more than 6 lakh views within 48 hours.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://onlookersmedia.in/latestnews/aravindante-athidhikal-teaser-fetches-around-six-lakh-digital-views-just-two-days |title=Aravindante Athidhikal teaser fetches around six lakh digital views in just two days!! |website=Onlookers Media |date=2 April 2018 |accessdate=12 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313050557/http://onlookersmedia.in/latestnews/aravindante-athidhikal-teaser-fetches-around-six-lakh-digital-views-just-two-days |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref> ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote about the teaser that, "Sreenivasan and Vineeth Sreenivasan's camaraderie leaves us wanting more".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/aravindante-athidhikal-teaser-5118770 |title=Aravindante Athidhikal teaser: Sreenivasan and Vineeth Sreenivasan's camaraderie leaves us wanting more |website=[[The Indian Express]] |date=14 October 2018 |accessdate=12 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313045241/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/aravindante-athidhikal-teaser-5118770 |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref>

On 13 April 2018, the official trailer of the film was jointly released on Facebook by actors [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]], [[Nivin Pauly]], [[Tovino Thomas]] and [[Anoop Menon]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://onlookersmedia.in/latestnews/aravindante-athidhikal-trailer-released-prithviraj-nivin-pauly-tovino-thomas-anoop-menon |title=Aravindante Athidhikal trailer to be released by Prithviraj, Nivin Pauly, Tovino Thomas and Anoop Menon! |website=Onlookers Media |date=12 April 2018 |accessdate=12 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313050721/http://onlookersmedia.in/latestnews/aravindante-athidhikal-trailer-released-prithviraj-nivin-pauly-tovino-thomas-anoop-menon |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2018/aravindante-athidhikal-grand-launch-the-trailer-the-movie-273068.html |title=Aravindante Athidhikal: A Grand Launch For The Trailer Of The Movie! |website=Filmibeat |date=13 April 2018 |accessdate=12 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313041320/https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2018/aravindante-athidhikal-grand-launch-the-trailer-the-movie-273068.html |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref> ''Onlookers Media'' wrote, "from what we gather from the trailer, ''Aravindante Athidhikal'' promises to a clean feel good entertainer aimed at families".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://onlookersmedia.in/videos/heres-official-trailer-aravindante-athidhikal |title=Here's the official trailer of Aravindante Athidhikal |website=Onlookers Media |date=13 April 2018 |accessdate=12 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313050833/http://onlookersmedia.in/videos/heres-official-trailer-aravindante-athidhikal |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref> In a series of posters, characters of the film were revealed as pairs from 20 April 2018 until 25 April 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://onlookersmedia.in/latestnews/check-characters-posters-aravindante-athidhikal |title=Check out the characters posters from Aravindante Athidhikal |website=Onlookers Media |date=25 April 2018 |accessdate=12 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313050936/http://onlookersmedia.in/latestnews/check-characters-posters-aravindante-athidhikal |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref> In May 2018, Vineeth Sreenivasan appeared on the musical reality show [[Super 4 (Malayalam TV series)|Super 4]] on [[Mazhavil Manorama]] to promote the film, along with Shaan Rahman who was one among the judges on the show.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/vineeth-sreenivasan-to-visit-super-4/articleshow/64031064.cms |title=Vineeth Sreenivasan to visit Super 4 |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=4 May 2018 |accessdate=12 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313033318/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/vineeth-sreenivasan-to-visit-super-4/articleshow/64031064.cms |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref> Later, Vineeth Sreenivasan accompanied by the lead actress Nikhila Vimal were seen in the celebrity talk show [[Badai Bungalow]] hosted by [[Ramesh Pisharody]] on [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]] as part of their film promotions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/vineeth-sreenivasan-and-nikhila-vimal-on-badai-bungalow/articleshow/64050633.cms |title=Vineeth Sreenivasan and Nikhila Vimal on Badai Bungalow |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=6 May 2018 |accessdate=12 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313033452/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/vineeth-sreenivasan-and-nikhila-vimal-on-badai-bungalow/articleshow/64050633.cms |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Aravindante Athidhikal
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Shaan Rahman]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 12 April 2018
| recorded = 2018
| venue =
| studio = ShaanZ Eternal Ray and Freddy’s AVG
| genre = [[Feature Film Soundtrack]]
| length = 16:50
| label = [[Muzik 247]]
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| producer = [[Shaan Rahman]]
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|o0s2gTVybvE|Audio Jukebox}}
{{Extra chronology
|artist=[[Shaan Rahman]]
|type= soundtrack
| prev_title = [[Aadu 2]]
| prev_year = 2017
| title = Aravindante Athidhikal
| year = 2018
| next_title = [[Chanakya Thanthram]]
| next_year = 2018
}}}}}}

[[Shaan Rahman]] composed the soundtrack of ''Aravindante Athidhikal''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/rasaathi-song-from-aravindante-adhithikal-is-soaked-in-love/articleshow/63653833.cms |title=Rasaathi song from Aravindante Adhithikal is soaked in love |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=7 April 2018 |accessdate=13 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313040039/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/rasaathi-song-from-aravindante-adhithikal-is-soaked-in-love/articleshow/63653833.cms |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref> The soundtrack album consists of five tracks. The lyrics are written by Harinarayanan B. K. and Manu Manjith for the one song "Kripaakari Devi".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/music/audio-jukebox-of-vineeth-sreenivasan-starrer-aravindante-athidhikal-released-shaan-rahman-1.2763666 |title=Audio jukebox of Vineeth Sreenivasan starrer 'Aravindante Athidhikal' released |website=[[Mathrubhumi]] |date=24 April 2018 |accessdate=12 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313043917/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/music/audio-jukebox-of-vineeth-sreenivasan-starrer-aravindante-athidhikal-released-shaan-rahman-1.2763666 |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref> The soundtrack was released by [[Muzik 247]]. Vineeth Sreenivasan had lent his voice for the melody tracks "Kanne Thaai Malare" and "Rasathi".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2018/mar/26/new-track-kannai-thaai-malarae-from-shaan-rahman-and-vineeth-sreenivasan-1792388.html |title=New track 'Kannai Thaai Malarae' from Shaan Rahman and Vineeth Sreenivasan |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=26 March 2018 |access-date=12 March 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313045005/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2018/mar/26/new-track-kannai-thaai-malarae-from-shaan-rahman-and-vineeth-sreenivasan-1792388.html |archive-date=13 March 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/music/2018/04/08/first-song-from-vineeth-starrer-aravindante-athidhikal-is-an-instant-hit.html |title=First song from Vineeth-starrer 'Aravindante Athidhikal' is an instant hit |website=[[Malayala Manorama]] |date=9 April 2018 |accessdate=12 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313042318/https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/music/2018/04/08/first-song-from-vineeth-starrer-aravindante-athidhikal-is-an-instant-hit.html |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref> ''Aravindante Athidhikal'''s music launch had taken place on 12 April 2018 at the hotel Gokulam Park in Kochi. The first YouTube released song, "Kanne Thaai Malare" was sung by Vineeth Sreenivasan and arranged by the composer Shaan Rahman; other instrumentals include the Indian flute by Josy Alappuzha and the strings by Cochin Strings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/kanne-thaai-malare-song-from-aravindante-adhithikal-is-an-ode-to-motherhood/articleshow/63440056.cms |title=Kanne Thaai Malare song from Aravindante Adhithikal is an ode to motherhood |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=24 March 2018 |accessdate=13 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313033608/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malmalaya/music/kanne-thaai-malare-song-from-aravindante-adhithikal-is-an-ode-to-motherhood/articleshow/63440056.cms |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref> The second song "Aanandhame", was sung by Anne Amie (famed by "Kilivaathilin Chaare Nee" song and "Kayalirambilu" song). The film's soundtrack was composed by [[Shaan Rahman]] and had been listed at the first position on the [[iTunes]] Regional Indian Chart.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/music/2018/04/14/aravindante-athidhikal-songs-create-a-splash-becomes-no-1-at-itunes.html|title=No1 at itunes|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=|archive-date=13 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190313042129/https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/music/2018/04/14/aravindante-athidhikal-songs-create-a-splash-becomes-no-1-at-itunes.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gaana.com/album/aravindante-athidhikal |title=Aravindante Athidhikal Songs — Aravindante Athidhikal Malayalam Movie Song |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]] |date=12 April 2018 |accessdate=12 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313051209/https://gaana.com/album/aravindante-athidhikal |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref>
| extra_column = Singer(s)

| title1 = Rasathi
| extra1 = Vineeth Sreenivasan, Liya Susan Verghese
| length1 = 3:58
| lyrics1 = Harinarayanan B. K.

| title2 = Aanandhame
| extra2 = [[Anne Amie]]
| length2 = 1:42
| lyrics2 = Harinarayanan B. K.

| title3 = Kanne Thaai Malare
| extra3 = [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]]
| length3 = 3:17
| lyrics3 = Harinarayanan B. K.

| title4 = Endhe Kanna
| extra4 = Megha Josekutty
| length4 = 3:29
| lyrics4 = Harinarayanan B. K.

| title5 = Kripaakari Devi
| extra5 = Mithun Jayaraj
| length5 = 4:24
| lyrics5 = Manu Manjith
| total_length = 16:50
}}

;Critical response
The album received generally positive reviews from critics. Deepa Soman of ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote about the tracks mentioning, "Aanandhame" "becomes a soothing semi-classical melody when it gets wonderful accompaniment through the gifted voice of its singer", "Endhe Kanna" has a "mesmerising rendition and the matching orchestra, wrapped deliciously in raag Meghamalhaar, makes it one with a great repeat value, especially in an evening in which it rains", "Kripaakari Devi"'s written by ''[[Manu Manjith]]''" mood is vibrant and not just religious, singing is decent, and all elements are opulent enough to give that adrenaline rush while listening to such a number", "Kanne Thaai Malare" is "like a lullaby with a melancholic air to it, which seems to be intended to prepare you for a few scenes to tug at your heart strings", and "Rasathi" "as compared to the rest of the numbers, it comes across as an average fare". Overall she stated, "the composer plays around with many new voices too in the soundtrack, and all of them sound promising as well".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/music-review-aravindante-athidhikal/articleshow/63941019.cms |title=Music review - Aravindante Athidhikal |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=27 April 2018 |accessdate=12 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313033743/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malmalaya/music/music-review-aravindante-athidhikal/articleshow/63941019.cms |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref>

==Release==
''Aravindante Athidhikal'' was released across theaters in India on 27 April 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/vineeth-sreenivasan-starrer-aravindante-adhithikal-to-release-this-week/articleshow/63882720.cms |title=Vineeth Sreenivasan starrer Aravindante Adhithikal to release this week! |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=23 April 2018 |accessdate=12 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313033919/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malmalaya/movies/news/vineeth-sreenivasan-starrer-aravindante-adhithikal-to-release-this-week/articleshow/63882720.cms |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref> Despite being released during the exam season and along with couple of other releases,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://regional.pinkvilla.com/malayalam/news/bo-battle-mammoottys-uncle-vs-vineeth-sreenivasans-aravindante-athidhikal-vs-alphonse-puthrens-thobama |title=BO battle: Mammootty's Uncle VS Vineeth Sreenivasan's Aravindante Athidhikal VS Alphonse Puthren's Thobama |website=Pinkvilla |date=27 April 2018 |accessdate=12 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313052713/https://regional.pinkvilla.com/malayalam/news/bo-battle-mammoottys-uncle-vs-vineeth-sreenivasans-aravindante-athidhikal-vs-alphonse-puthrens-thobama |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref> it enjoyed a theatrical run of over 100 days due to positive critical reviews and favorable [[word of mouth]].<ref name="TOI 100"/> It was distributed in India by [[Kalasangham Films]]. It was released across the [[Gulf Cooperation Council]] territories on 24 May 2018 by Phars Films and across the [[United States]] and [[Canada]] on 25 May 2018 by Omega Movies.

===Home media===
The film's digital rights were acquired by [[Disney+ Hotstar]] and the satellite rights of the film purchased by [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]] for {{INRConvert|3|c}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://onlookersmedia.in/latestnews/aravindante-athidhikal-satellite-rights-acquired-asianet-rs-3-crores |title=Aravindante Athidhikal satellite rights acquired by Asianet for Rs 3 crores! |website=Onlookers Media |date=8 April 2018 |accessdate=12 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313051049/http://onlookersmedia.in/latestnews/aravindante-athidhikal-satellite-rights-acquired-asianet-rs-3-crores |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref> The film was premiered on the [[Christmas|Christmas Day]] of 2018 at 7 pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] and registered an average TRP rating of 8.62.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/aravindante-athidhikal-to-get-television-premiere/articleshow/67145118.cms |title=Aravindante Athidhikal to get television premiere |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=18 December 2018 |accessdate=12 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313034435/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/aravindante-athidhikal-to-get-television-premiere/articleshow/67145118.cms |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref>

==Reception==
''[[Sify]]'' has written that "''Aravindante Athidikal'' is a nice journey that would make the viewer come out of the theatres with a smile", and praised the cinematographer and music director, saying that "the film succeeds in giving an experience of visiting the holy temple and the premises, with its nice visuals" and "one of the highlights of the film is its superb music by Shaan Rahman".<ref name="Sify">{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/aravindante-adhithikal-review-feel-good-entertainer-review-malayalam-se2lzOdbhcgdh.html|title=Aravindante Adhithikal review: Feel good entertainer!|date=28 April 2018|website=[[Sify]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190313040501/http://www.sify.com/movies/aravindante-adhithikal-review-feel-good-entertainer-review-malayalam-se2lzOdbhcgdh.html|archivedate=13 March 2019|url-status=dead|accessdate=4 March 2019}}</ref> Deepa Soman of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film a rating of three out of five and has written that "''Aravindante Adhithikal'' can impress those looking for a nostalgic, vintage-style movie and those who strongly believe that a story doesn't have to raise further questions". She stated that Vineeth performs "his usual self in the film", Nikhila "gives a good performance, especially in the subtly comical scenes", and praised Urvashi, saying that her "performance gives out such a feel in certain instances".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/aravindante-adhithikal/movie-review/63939941.cms |title=Aravindante Athidhikal Movie Review |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=27 April 2018 |accessdate=27 April 2018 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313034233/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/aravindante-adhithikal/movie-review/63939941.cms |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref> Amrutha Menon of ''[[Malayala Manorama]]'' rated the movie three and a half out of five, and praised the music stating "Shaan Rahman's mellifluous music that largely breathes life into the plot is also something worth mentioning". She said, "''Aravindante Athidhikal'' is a feel good-movie with good story line and beautiful frames. The film will keep you engrossed as it shares with us a small, yet a beautiful story, captured in an emotional way that touches the viewers".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2018/04/27/aravindante-adhithikal-review.html |title='Aravindante Athidhikal' review: a gripping tale set in the foothills of Kudajadri |website=[[Malayala Manorama]] |date=1 May 2018 |accessdate=13 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313042442/https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2018/04/27/aravindante-adhithikal-review.html |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref>

[[Anna M. M. Vetticad]] of ''Firstpost'' wrote, "''Aravindante Athidhikal''’s lack of inventiveness gives it a dated feel that is redeemed somewhat by the music. To be fair, the film is not unpleasant. It is simply plain."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/aravindante-athidhikal-movie-review-vineeth-sreenivasans-singing-redeems-a-trite-mother-son-saga-4457181.html |title=Aravindante Athidhikal movie review: Vineeth Sreenivasan's singing redeems a trite mother-son saga |website=Firstpost |date=5 May 2018 |accessdate=12 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313043732/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/aravindante-athidhikal-movie-review-vineeth-sreenivasans-singing-redeems-a-trite-mother-son-saga-4457181.html |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref> K. R. Rejeesh of ''Nowrunning'' gave the film a rating of two and a half out of five, saying "''Aravindante Athidhikal'' has a feel good feel throughout and it starts as light and innocuous fun before heading to the sentimental conflict zone".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/21685/malayalam/aravindante-adhithikal/11240/review |title=Aravindante Athidhikal |website=Nowrunning |date=28 April 2018 |accessdate=12 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313052850/https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/21685/malayalam/aravindante-adhithikal/11240/review |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref>

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
!scope="col"| Award
!scope="col"| Category
!scope="col"| Nominee(s)
!scope="col"| Result
!scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="1" | [[49th Kerala State Film Awards]]
|[[Kerala State Film Award for Best Choreography]]
|[[Prasanna Sujit]]
|{{won}}
| style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" | <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kerala-state-awards-sudani-nigeria-team-triumphs-nimisha-wins-best-actress-97436 |title=Kerala State Awards: 'Sudani from Nigeria' team triumphs, Nimisha wins 'Best Actress' |website=[[The News Minute]] |date=27 February 2019 |accessdate=27 February 2019 |archive-date=13 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190313050145/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kerala-state-awards-sudani-nigeria-team-triumphs-nimisha-wins-best-actress-97436 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/kerala-state-film-awards-2019-d-4-dance-host-adil-ibrahim-shares-a-throwback-picture-and-congratulates-judge-prasanna-sujit/articleshow/68185493.cms |title=Kerala State Film Awards 2019: D 4 Dance host Adil Ibrahim shares a throwback picture and congratulates judge Prasanna Sujit |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=27 February 2019 |accessdate=27 February 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313034555/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/kerala-state-film-awards-2019-d-4-dance-host-adil-ibrahim-shares-a-throwback-picture-and-congratulates-judge-prasanna-sujit/articleshow/68185493.cms |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2" | [[21st Asianet Film Awards]]
|Honour Special Jury Award
|[[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]
|{{won}}
|
|-
|Best Lyricist
|B.K. Harinarayanan
|{{won}}
|
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2" | [[Vanitha Film Awards|Vanitha Film Awards 2019]]
|Best Star Pair
|[[Vineeth Sreenivasan]] [[Nikhila Vimal]]
|{{won}}
| style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2019/03/02/vanitha-film-awards-winners-list-live-show-kochi.html |title=Vanitha Film Awards: Mohanlal wins Best Actor, Manju Warrier is Best Actress |website=[[Malayala Manorama]] |date=3 March 2019 |accessdate=13 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190313042613/https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2019/03/02/vanitha-film-awards-winners-list-live-show-kochi.html |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref>
|-
|Special Performance (Female)
|[[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]
|{{won}}
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="4" | [[Kerala Kaumudi|Kerala Kaumudi Flash Movies Awards 2018]]
|Most Popular Film
|Pathiyara Entertainments & Big Bang Entertainments
|{{won}}
| style="text-align: center;" rowspan="4" | <ref>{{cite web |url=http://mollywood24x7.com/kerala-kaumudi-flash-movies-aravindante-athidhikal-nikhila-vimal-and-aju-varghese-shine-bright-in-2018 |title=Kerala Kaumudi Flash Movies: Aravindante Athidhikal, Nikhila Vimal and Aju Varghese shine bright in 2018! |website=Mollywood 24x7 |date=6 January 2019 |accessdate=6 January 2019 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190313053134/https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/61416 |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref>
|-
|Most Popular Actress
|[[Nikhila Vimal]]
|{{won}}
|-
|Most Popular Supporting Actor
|[[Aju Varghese]]
|{{won}}
|-
|Second Most Popular Director
|[[M. Mohanan]]
|{{won}}
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="1" | Movie Street Film Awards 2019
|Best Female Singer
|Anne Amie
|{{won}}
| style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" | <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.reporterlive.com/2019/01/31/544935.html |title=മൂവി സ്ട്രീറ്റ് അവാര്ഡുകള് പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ചു: ജോജു മികച്ച നടന്, നിമിഷ സജയനും സംയുക്ത മേനോനും നടിമാര്, 'സുഡാനി' മികച്ച ചിത്രം |website=[[Reporter TV]] |date=31 January 2019 |accessdate=12 March 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190313053344/http://www.reporterlive.com/2019/01/31/544935.html |archivedate=13 March 2019 }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="5" | [[8th South Indian International Movie Awards|8th SIIMA Awards]]
|Best Comedian
|Aju Varghese
|{{won}}
| style="text-align: center;" rowspan="5" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/170819/siima-awards-2019-dhanush-trisha-pariyerum-perumal-win-big-heres.html |title=SIIMA Awards 2019: Dhanush, Trisha, Pariyerum Perumal win big, here's winners' list |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=17 August 2019 |accessdate=15 September 2019 |archive-date=15 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915171856/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/170819/siima-awards-2019-dhanush-trisha-pariyerum-perumal-win-big-heres.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|Best Music Director
|[[Shaan Rahman]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Actress in a Supporting Role
|Urvashi
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Actress
|[[Nikhila Vimal]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Film
|Pathiyara Entertainments & Big Bang Entertainments
|{{nom}}
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2" | [[66th Filmfare Awards South]]
|Best Music Director
|Shaan Rahman
|{{nom}}
| style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/66th-filmfare-awards-south-2019-heres-the-complete-list-of-nominees/articleshow/72901698.cms |title=66th Filmfare Awards South 2019: Here's the complete list of nominees |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=20 December 2019 |accessdate=20 December 2019 |archive-date=22 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222185421/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/66th-filmfare-awards-south-2019-heres-the-complete-list-of-nominees/articleshow/72901698.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|Best Playback (Female)
|Megha Josekutty
|{{nom}}
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Aravindante Athidhikal}}
* {{IMDb title|7557024}}

{{M. Mohanan}}

[[Category:2018 films]]
[[Category:2018 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Shaan Rahman]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic musical films]]
[[Category:2018 romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2010s romantic musical films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Films shot in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:2018 musical films]]

Jaggu Ki Lalten

2026-03-02T04:32:55Z

Dhwanika Joshi: Creating A Stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jaggu Ki Lalten
| image =
| director = Vipin Kapoor
| writer = Vipin Kapoor
| producer = Preeti Gupta
| starring =
| music = Manish Sahriya
| studio = [https://shreehansarts.com/ Shrihans Arts and Creations Pvt. Ltd]., Bolt Entertainment
| released = {{film date|df=y|2022|10|14}}
| runtime = 2 hrs
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Hindi]]
}}'''''Jaggu Ki Lalten''''' is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Comedy drama|comedy-drama]] [[musical film]] that was released on 14 October 2022.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Gurjar |first=Gagan |date=18 October 2022 |title=Jaggu Ki Lalten: इस लालटेन में ऐसा क्या है कि लग गई लाखों में कीमत, फिर भी मालिक नहीं बेचना चाहता? |url=https://hindi.asianetnews.com/bollywood/raghuveer-yadav-s-jaggu-ki-lalten-will-melt-your-heart-gga-rjy7a2 |work=Asianet News |language=hi |access-date=16 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2022 |title=Panchayat के Pradhan ji Raghubir Yadav लाखों रुपए मिलने के बाद भी नहीं बेचना चाहते अपनी Lalten? |url=https://www.abplive.com/videos/entertainment/pradhan-ji-raghubir-yadav-of-panchayat-does-not-want-to-sell-his-lalten-even-after-getting-lakhs-of-rupees-ent-live-2230611 |access-date=16 November 2023 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}</ref> It was directed and written by Vipin Kapoor, produced by Preeti Gupta, co-produced by Nitin Bharti, and executive produced by Ashish Sharma. The film was created under the Shrihans Arts and Creations Pvt. Ltd. banner in collaboration with Bolt Entertainment.<ref name=":0" /> The music for the film was composed by Manish Sahriya, and it stars Rambir Aryam and Neeraj Gupta in the lead roles. The cast also includes Aakriti Bharti, Rajendra Bhatia, Biren Dang, Raaj Gopal Iyer, and Namrita Malla.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cabinet of Curiosities, Jaggu Ki Lalten, Money Back Guarantee, Bal Naren: New teasers and trailers |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/cabinet-of-curiosities-jaggu-ki-lalten-money-back-guarantee-bal-naren-new-teasers-and-trailers/cid/1889882 |access-date=16 November 2023 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaggu Ki Lantern: अपनी फिल्म लालटेन को लेकर क्या कहा एक्टर रघुवीर यादव ने! |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/zeesalaam/video/what-did-actor-raghuveer-yadav-say-about-his-film-jaggu-ki-lantern-aaz/1393759 |access-date=16 November 2023 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Jaggu ki Lalten tells the story of Hari Lal Bhoot, initially a scrap dealer who later became a successful businessman. Known for his good business sense and kind nature, Hari Lal has a positive reputation in his local community. The film provides a glimpse into the life of an ordinary person who, through successful dealings in the scrap industry, improved his financial situation. Hari Lal faced challenges early in life, which motivated him to make a positive impact on those around him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Releases: बॉक्स ऑफिस पर जबरदस्त ऑप्शन की भरमार, एक साथ रिलीज हुईं 10 फिल्में! |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/entertainment/bollywood/doctor-g-modi-ji-ki-beti-kantara-to-code-name-tiranga-10-bollywood-movies-released-today/1394707 |access-date=16 November 2023 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaggu Ki Lalten Movie Star cast Spotted in Delhi for the Promotions |url=https://www.timesmagazineindia.com/jaggu-ki-lalten-movie-star-cast-spotted-in-delhi-for-the-promotions |access-date=16 November 2023 |website=Time Magazine |language=en}}</ref>

During a routine business trip, Hari Lal meets Jaggu, an ordinary man facing various challenges. Touched by Jaggu's situation, Hari Lal promises to help him get his life back on track. The story unfolds, showing Hari Lal's commitment as he faces different obstacles to fulfill his promise of giving Jaggu the life he deserves.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=Jaggu Ki Lalten Movie Review : A good plot throttled by average direction and below-par performances |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/jaggu-ki-lalten/movie-review/94887730.cms |access-date=16 November 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Reception ==
A reviewer from ''Filminformation'' mentioned that Vipin Kapoor's direction is weak, mirroring the shortcomings of the script. Manish Sahriya's music and background score serve their purpose but don't stand out. The lyrics by Mayank Gera are unremarkable. Sooraj Katoch's choreography is uninspiring, and Jan Kashyap's camerawork doesn't significantly enhance the drama. Puneet Kapoor's production design is unimpressive, and Vikas Phougat's editing is loose.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2022 |title='Jaggu Ki Lalten' Review |url=https://filminformation.com/featured/jaggu-ki-lalten-review-14-october-2022/ |access-date=16 November 2023 |website=Film Information |language=en-US}}</ref>

In a review by Abhishek Srivastava of the [[The Times of India|''Times of India'']], who gave only 2.5 stars out of 5, it was noted that the comedy in 'Jaggu ki Lalten' is unintentional, but it manages to bring a smile to your face. The sequences featuring Raghuvir Yadav are particularly engaging. This drama is not a bad film overall; it has a good storyline, but the majority of the cast's performances and the direction are below par, which hinders its potential.<ref name=":13">{{Cite news |title=Jaggu Ki Lalten Movie Review : A good plot throttled by average direction and below-par performances |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/jaggu-ki-lalten/movie-review/94887730.cms |access-date=16 November 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Gagan Gurjar of ''[[Asianet News]]'' described 'Jaggu Ki Lantern' as a wholesome family film with a story and content that deeply touches the heart.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Jaggu Ki Lalten: इस लालटेन में ऐसा क्या है कि लग गई लाखों में कीमत, फिर भी मालिक नहीं बेचना चाहता? |url=https://hindi.asianetnews.com/bollywood/raghuveer-yadav-s-jaggu-ki-lalten-will-melt-your-heart-gga-rjy7a2 |access-date=16 November 2023 |website=Asianet News |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=22478232}}

[[Category:Hindi-language comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:2022 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2022 musical films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
[[Category:2022 Hindi-language films]]

Shantiniketan

2026-02-27T03:53:30Z

Dhwanika Joshi: fix lead per standard format per standard format

{{Short description|UNESCO heritage site in West Bengal, India}}
{{For|the University in Shantiniketan|Visva-Bharati University}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Shantiniketan
| other_name = Bolpur
| settlement_type = Neighbourhood
| image_skyline = Shantiniketan Bari of Rabindranath Tagore.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Shantiniketan Griha
| nickname =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| pushpin_label_position = left
| coordinates = {{coord|23.68|N|87.68|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Birbhum District|Birbhum]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 731204 (Bolpur) 731235 (Santiniketan) 731236 (Sriniketan)
| area_code = +91 03463
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber Trunk Dialling|STD]] code
| registration_plate =
| elevation_m = 30
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Bolpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bolpur]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Bolpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bolpur]]
| footnotes =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| module = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
|child = yes
|Official_name = Santiniketan
|ID = 1375
|Year = 2023
|Criteria = Cultural: (iv)(vi)
}}
}}

'''Shantiniketan''' (IPA: [[Help:IPA/Bengali|[ʃantiniketɔn]]]) is a [[neighbourhood]] of [[Bolpur]] town in the [[Bolpur subdivision]] of [[Birbhum district]] in [[West Bengal]], [[India]], approximately 152 km north of [[Kolkata]]. It was established by [[Debendranath Tagore]], and later expanded by his son, [[Rabindranath Tagore]] whose vision became what is now a university town with the creation of [[Visva-Bharati]].<ref name="Santiniketan">Pearson, WW.: ''Santiniketan Bolpur School of Rabindranath Tagore'', illustrations by [[Mukul Dey]], The Macmillan Company, 1916</ref> It is also the birthplace of Indian [[List of Nobel laureates|Nobel Laureate]] [[Amartya Sen]], who was also an alumnus of the school.

It was inscribed on the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site|World Heritage List]] by the World Heritage Committee in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Santiniketan |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1375/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920110348/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1375/ |archive-date=2023-09-20 |access-date=2023-09-21 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
In 1863, [[Debendranath Tagore]] took on permanent lease {{convert|20|acre|m2}} of land, with two {{transliteration|bn|chhatim}} ([[Alstonia scholaris]]) trees, at an annual payment of Rs. 5, from Bhuban Mohan Sinha, the [[talukdar]] in Raipur, Birbhum. He built a guest house there and named it ''Shantiniketan'' (the abode of peace). Gradually, the whole area came to be known as Shantiniketan.<ref name="intro">Basak, Tapan Kumar, ''Rabindranath-Santiniketan-Sriniketan (An Introduction)'', p. 2, B.B.Publication</ref>

[[File:Upasana Griha - Northern View - Santiniketan 2014-06-29 5299.JPG|thumb|left|Upasana Griha, the glass prayer hall Devendranath built]]

[[Binoy Ghosh]] says that [[Bolpur]] was a small place in the middle of the 19th century. It grew as Shantiniketan grew. A certain portion of Bolpur was a part of the ''[[zamindari]]'' of the Sinha family of Raipur. Bhuban Mohan Sinha had developed a small village in the Bolpur area and named it Bhubandanga. It was just opposite Shantiniketan in those days. Bhubandanga was the den of a gang of notorious dacoits, who had no compunction in killing people. It led to a situation of conflict and confrontation, but the leader of the gang, ultimately, surrendered to Debendranath, and they started helping him in developing the area. There was a {{transliteration|bn|chhatim}} tree under which Debendranath used to meditate. Inspired by [[The Crystal Palace]] built originally in [[Hyde Park, London]], to house the [[Great Exhibition]] of 1851 and later relocated, Debendranath constructed a 60-foot × 30-foot hall for [[Brahmo Samaj|Brahmo]] prayers. The roof was tiled and the floor had white marble, but the rest of the structure was made of glass. From its earliest days, it was a great attraction for people from all around.<ref name=binoyghosh>Ghosh, Binoy, ''Paschim Banger Sanskriti''. It has now been listed in UNESCO in 2023. {{in lang|bn}}, part I, 1976 edition, pages 299-304, Prakash Bhaban, Kolkata</ref>

Rabindranath Tagore first visited Shantiniketan on 27 January 1878 when he was 17 years old. In 1888, Debendranath dedicated the entire property for the establishment of a Brahmavidyalaya through a trust deed. In 1901, Rabindranath started a Brahmacharyaashrama and it came to be known as [[Patha Bhavana, Santiniketan|Patha Bhavana]] from 1925.<ref name=binoyghosh/><ref name=history>{{cite web | url = https://www.visvabharati.ac.in/History.html | title = Visva Bharati| work= History| publisher = Visva Bharati |access-date = 25 July 2019}}</ref> In 1913, Rabindranath Tagore won the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Hjärne |first=H.|publication-date=10 December 1913|year=1913|title=The Nobel Prize in Literature 1913: Rabindranath Tagore—Award Ceremony Speech|publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]|url=https://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1913/press.html|access-date=25 July 2019}}</ref> It was a new feather in the cap of the [[Tagore family]] which was the leading family contributing to the enrichment of life and society in Bengal in many fields of activity over a long period of time.<ref>Deb, Chitra, ''Jorasanko and the Thakur Family'', Pages 64-65, in ''Calcutta: The Living City'', Volume I, edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, Oxford University Press.</ref> The environment at [[Jorasanko Thakur Bari]], one of the bases of the Tagore family in Kolkata, was filled with literature, music, painting, and theatre.<ref>'' Jorasanko and the Thakur Family'' by Chitra Deb in ''Calcutta, the Living City'', edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, Vol I, page 66</ref> Founded in 1921 by Rabindranath Tagore, [[Visva-Bharati University|Visva Bharati]] was declared to be a [[Central University (India)|central university]] and an institute of national importance, in 1951.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.visvabharati.ac.in/Visva_Bharati.html | title = Visva Bharati| work= About Visva-Bharati| publisher = Visva Bharati |access-date = 25 July 2019}}</ref>

==Topography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=400| height=300| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|23|44|0|N|87|40|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in Bolpur subdivision of Birbhum district''' M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, U: University. Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|37|45|N|87|32|30|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1=Ilambazar | numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Ilambazar]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=13| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|40|13|N|87|39|5|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2=Surul | numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[Surul]] (CT)|
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|46|44|N|87|52|21|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3=Parota | numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Parota, Birbhum]] (CT)|
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|49|47|N|87|47|49|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4=Labhpur | numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Labhpur]] (CT)|
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|40|16|N|87|41|19|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5=Bolpur |label-size5=14 | numbered5=M| mark-title5= [[Bolpur]] (M)|label-color5=#800000
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|41|10|N|87|39|40|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Shantiniketan| numbered6=R| mark-title6= Shantiniketan (R)|shape-color6=black| label-size6=13|label-color6=black 
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|42|0|N|87|51|36|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Nanoor| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Nanoor]] (R)|shape-color7=#A40000
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|39|30|N|87|39|40|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Sriniketan| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Sriniketan]] (R)|shape-color8=#A40000
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|45|47|N|87|52|40|E}} | label-pos9=bottom|label9= Kirnahar| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Kirnahar]] (R)|shape-color9=#A40000
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|38|12|N|87|38|49|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Raipur| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Raipur, Birbhum]] (R)|shape-color10=#A40000
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|36|39|N|87|53|49|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11= Khujutipara| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Khujutipara]] (R)|shape-color11=#A40000
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|45|38|N|87|32|11|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Khustigiri| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Khustigiri]] (R)|shape-color12=#A40000
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|38|40|N|87|25|48|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Jaydev Kenduli| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Jaydev Kenduli]] (R)|shape-color13=#A40000
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|42|53|N|87|43|22|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14= Kankalitala| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Kankalitala]] (R)|shape-color14=#A40000
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|41|0|N|87|40|25|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Visva-Bharati University| numbered15=U| mark-title15= [[Visva-Bharati University]] (U) |shape-color15=#967117
|mark-coord16={{coord|23.8882|87.7549}}| label16=Mayurakshi River| label-color16 = #77A1CB| label-angle16= 16| label-pos16=right| label-size16=10| mark-size16=0| mark-title16 =none
|mark-coord17={{coord|23.7998|87.7254}}| label17=Bakreshwar River| label-color17 = #77A1CB| label-angle17=7| label-pos17=top| label-size17=10| mark-size17=0| mark-title17 =none
|mark-coord18={{coord|23.7546|87.7528}}| label18=Kopai River| label-color18 = #77A1CB| label-angle18=-45| label-pos18=top| label-size18=10| mark-size18=0| mark-title18 =none
|mark-coord19={{coord|23.5809|87.7668}}| label19=Ajay River| label-color19 = #77A1CB| label-angle19=20| label-pos19=top| label-size19=10| mark-size19=0| mark-title19 =none}}

===Location===
Shantiniketan is situated at {{coord|23.68|N|87.68|E|}}.<ref>[https://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Shanti_Niketan.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Santiniketan]</ref> at an average elevation of 56 metres (187 feet).

The area is flanked on two sides by the rivers, the [[Ajay River|Ajay]] and the [[Kopai River|Kopai]]. Santiniketan earlier had an extensive forest cover, but substantial soil erosion gave certain areas a barren look, the resulting phenomenon is locally known as ''[[khoai]]''. However, as a result of the consistent efforts by botanists, plants and trees from all over India flourish in parts of the town. Although the overall environment of the surrounding areas have changed with time, the core area of Santiniketan has retained its closeness with nature.<ref>{{cite web |title=Santiniketan |url=https://www.visvabharati.ac.in/Santiniketan.html}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

In the 2011 census, Santiniketan is not identified as a separate place. In the map of Bolpur-Sriniketan CD block on page 718 of [http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf District Census Handbook Birbhum (Part A)], the area occupied by Santiniketan is shown as a part of Bolpur municipal area and [[Sriniketan]] is shown as a part of [[Surul]], a [[census town]].

===Notable places===
As per the ''Human Development Report'' for Birbhum in 2009, Santiniketan attracted 1.2 million tourists annually.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/HumanDevelopment/DHDR|title=District Human Development Report: Birbhum, Chapter IV: Economic Opportunities and Security of Livelihood |work=Page 100: Tourism |publisher=Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 |access-date=25 July 2019}}</ref>

Rabindra Bhavana, founded in 1942, just after the death of the poet, is the focal point of Visva Bharati. It has a museum, archives, library and other units. It houses a major part of Rabindranath's manuscripts, correspondence, paintings and sketches, 40,000 volumes of books and 12,000 volumes of bound journals, photographs and numerous items associated with the poet's life. It is generally one of the first points of interest for anybody visiting Santiniketan.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.visvabharati.ac.in/RabindraBhavana.html |title=Visva Bharati |work=Rabindra Bhavana|access-date=25 July 2019}}</ref> It was established by the poet's son, [[Rathindranath Tagore]], as a memorial museum and research centre for Tagore studies.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.visvabharati.ac.in/CampusMap.html|title=Visva Bharati complex, Ravindra Bhavana|work=Campus Map |publisher=Visva Bharati |access-date=3 August 2019}}</ref>
[[File:Gandhi-Tagore.jpg|upright|300px|thumb|[[Rabindranath Tagore]] with [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and [[Kasturba Gandhi]] at Santiniketan in 1940]]
The Uttarayana Complex, which lies in the northern portion of the town and is located next to Rabindra Bhavana, features a collection of five houses built by Rabindranath – ''Udayan'', ''Shyamali'', ''Konark'', ''Udichi'' and ''Punascha''. The gardens in the Uttarayan complex were planned and laid out by Rathindranath. ''Shyamali'' and ''Konark'' are mud houses. ''Shyamali'' was an experiment. The visual perspective was based on the [[Borobudur]] style. The entire outside wall was decorated with beautiful relief work by [[Kala Bhavana]] students under the guidance of [[Nandalal Bose]]. The [[Santal people|Santals]] on either side of the main door and on the eastern corner were by [[Ramkinkar Baij]]. [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and [[Kasturba Gandhi]] stayed in the house as guests. ''Udayan'' is the most imposing house in the Uttarayan complex. It is meant for important guests visiting Santiniketan. Each suite in ''Udayan'' is on a different level which gives this house its individuality.<ref name=unesco>{{cite web |title=Santiniketan |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5495 |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref> In 2013, Visva Bharati opened a museum ''Guha Ghar'', in the Uttarayan complex, in memory of Rathindranath Tagore.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/museum-and-book-dedicated-to-rathindranath-tagore-son-of-rabindranath-tagore-launched-1372666226-1|title =Museum and book in memory of Rathindranath Tagore, son of Rabindranath Tagore |publisher=Jagran Josh, 1 July 2013 |access-date= 26 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Museum for 'unsung' Tagore son |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/museum-for-unsung-tagore-son/cid/1574118 |work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |access-date= 26 July 2019 |date=1 April 2013}}</ref>
[[File:Mural - Nandalal Bose - Santiniketan 2014-06-29 5547.JPG|200px|thumb|left|Mural by [[Nandalal Bose]]]]

The Ashram Complex is the oldest area of Santiniketan, where Debendranath built the ''Santiniketan Griha'' and the beautiful stained glass prayer hall, in the second half of the 19th century. [[Patha Bhavana, Santiniketan|Patha Bhavana]] came up after Rabindranath started residing in Santiniketan. It has beautiful frescoes by Nandalal Bose. ''Natun Bari'' was built in 1902 for residential purposes. ''Kalo Bari'' is a unique structure of mud and coal tar and profusely decorated. There are numerous other houses: ''Dehali'', ''Santoshalaya'', ''Singha Sadan'', ''Dwijaviram'', ''Dinantika'', ''Taladwaj'', ''Chaitya'', ''Ghantatala'', ''Panthasala'', ''Ratan Kuthi'', ''Malancha'' and others – each with an interesting story that makes it historically relevant.<ref name=unesco />
[[File:Jawaharlal Nehru and Rabindranath Tagore.jpg|300px|thumb|right|[[Jawaharlal Nehru]] with [[Rabindranath Tagore]] in 1940]]
Visva Bharati was established as a centre for culture with the objective of exploring the arts, language, humanities, music etc. Specialised institutes came up in different fields: [[Cheena Bhavana]], Hindi Bhavana, [[Kala Bhavana]], [[Sangit Bhavana]], Bhasa Bhavana, Nippon Bhavana, Bangladesh Bhavana and others. Many of these institutes with myriad structures have been decorated by illustrious artists.<ref name=unesco />

"The landscape of Shantiniketan is dotted with sculptures by Ramkinkar Baij (1906–1980), larger-than-life figures of Santals who were in reality part of the landscape. A Santal family, complete with dog, a group of workers running along at the call of the mill, their clothes flying in the air, a thresher, all situated along the main road. When Ramkinkar created Sujata, an elongated figure of one of the disciples of Buddha, he placed it just a little distance from the seated Buddha. Nandalal planted Eucalyptus saplings in the area, knowing that one day these tall trees would be a perfect setting to Ramkinkar's Sujata. It was Nandalal Bose, who created an environment where art would be a part of life and the children of Santiniketan have grown absorbing these beautiful monuments as they have the oxygen in the air."<ref name=unesco />

==The Tagore family at Shantiniketan==
{{Cquote
| quote =
She is our own, the darling of our hearts, 
Santiniketan. 
In the shadows of her trees we meet 
in the freedom of her open sky. 
Our dreams are rocked in her arms. 
Her face is a fresh wonder of love every 
time we see her, 
for she is our own, the darling of our 
hearts.
| author = '''Rabindranath Tagore'''
| source = <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.thebetterindia.com/66627/santiniketan-rabindranath-tagore-bengal/| title = Exploring Tagore's Santiniketan, an abode of Learning Unlike Any in the world|work= Travel Tales| publisher = The Better India |access-date = 5 August 2019}}</ref>
| width = 40%
| float = right
}}

Shantiniketan was founded and developed by members of the [[Tagore family]]. It was founded by Debendranath Tagore.<ref name="intro"/> Rabindranath Tagore wrote many of his literary classics at Santiniketan.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://gradestack.com/CBSE-Class-8th-Complete/Civilising-the-Native-/Tagore-s-Santiniketan/14841-2939-2495-study-wtw| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151122053906/http://gradestack.com/CBSE-Class-8th-Complete/Civilising-the-Native-/Tagore-s-Santiniketan/14841-2939-2495-study-wtw| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 22 November 2015| title = Tagore's Santiniketan |work=Tagore’s idea of education | publisher = Grade Stak |access-date = 5 August 2019}}</ref> His son, Rathindranath Tagore was one of the first five students at the ''Brahmacharya asrama'' at Santiniketan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.visvabharati.ac.in/RathindranathTagore.html|title=Rathindranath Tagore|website=www.visvabharati.ac.in|access-date=5 August 2019}}</ref> After the death of his father in 1941, Rathindranath took over the burden of all responsibilities at Santiniketan. When Visva Bharati was made a central university in 1951, Rathindranath was appointed its first vice-chancellor.<ref name=unesco/><ref name=history/>

[[Pratima Devi (painter)|Pratima Devi]], Rathindranath's wife, had active links with Visva Bharati from a very young age. She lived in Santinketan till her death in 1969.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.visvabharati.ac.in/PratimaDevi.html|title=Pratima Devi (1893-1969)|publisher=Visva-Bharati|access-date=4 August 2019}}</ref>

Mira Devi, Rabindranath's youngest daughter, after her failed marriage, lived in ''Malancha'' built for her in the Ashrama complex in 1926. She died at Santiniketan in 1969. [[Krishna Kripalani]], husband of Nandita (Buri), daughter of Mira Devi, taught at Santiniketan for nearly 15 years, beginning 1933. Krishna Kripalani's biography of Tagore was amongst the best ever written.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://sesquicentinnial.blogspot.com/2013/03/marriage-of-nandita-daughter-of-mira.html| title = Marriage of Nandita (daughter of Mira), grand daughter of Rabindranath | publisher = Smarak Grantha |access-date = 5 August 2019}}</ref><ref name=unesco/>

[[Dwijendranath Tagore]], Rabindranath's eldest brother, spent the last twenty years of his life at Santiniketan.<ref name="Dutta">Dutta, Hirendranath, ''Santiniketaner Ek Jug'', {{in lang|bn}}, pp27-32, Viswa Bharati Granthan Vighag, {{ISBN|81-7522-329-4}}.</ref> He lived in ''Dwaijaviram'' in the Ashrama complex.<ref name=unesco/>

[[Dinendranath Tagore]], Dwijendranath's grandson, was principal of Sangit Bhavana in its earliest years.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.visvabharati.ac.in/DinendranathTagore.html| title = Dinendranath Tagore | publisher = Visva Bharati |access-date = 3 August 2019}}</ref> ''Dinantika'', built in 1939, housed the ''Cha chakra'', where staff members of Visva Bharati met over a cup of tea for meetings and relaxation.<ref name=unesco/>

[[Indira Devi Chaudhurani]], daughter of [[Satyendranath Tagore]], started living in Santiniketan in 1941 and took charge of Sangit Bhavana. She was acting vice-chancellor for a short period.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.visvabharati.ac.in/IndiradeviChaudhurani.html|title= Indiradevi Choudhrani |publisher=Visva-Bharati|access-date=4 August 2019}}</ref>

Supriyo Tagore, great-grandson of Satyendranath, was a student of Patha Bhavana and Visva Bharati University before going abroad to complete his education. He retired as the longest serving principal of Patha Bhavana. He now runs Sisu Tirtha, an institution for orphans mainly from the economically disadvantaged tribals, near Santiniketan. His son, Sudripta, with wide-ranging experience in the field of education, is also engaged in setting up a school, at Ruppur near Santiniketan, embodying the ideas of Rabindranath.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Being-Rabindranath-Tagore/articleshow/20377102.cms| title = Being Rabindranath Tagore|first= Jhimli|last= Mukherjee Pandey| publisher = The Times of India, 1 June 203 |access-date = 26 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/at-home-with-tagore/232686| title = At Home With Tagore | publisher = Outlook, 2 October 2006 |access-date = 26 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/another-tagore-legacy/articleshow/64241439.cms | title = Another Tagore Legacy | publisher = Pune Mirror, 20 May 2018 | access-date = 26 July 2019 | archive-date = 4 August 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190804053631/https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/another-tagore-legacy/articleshow/64241439.cms | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Photo gallery==
<gallery widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:Santiniketan Griha from the entrance gate.jpg|Santiniketan Griha
File:Santal Family - 1938 CE - Ramkinkar Baij - Santiniketan 2014-06-29 5328.JPG|Santal family by Ramkinkar Baij
File:Kalo Bari - Santiniketan 2014-06-29 5346.JPG|Kalo Bari – the house built with mud and coal tar. Click on the pic to enlarge for a glimpse of the wall decoration.
File:Toran with Bell - Ghantatala - Gour Prangan - Santiniketan 2014-06-29 5563.JPG|Ghantatala – the bell stand
File:Santiniketan Upasana Griha at Bolpur in Birbhum.jpg|Upasana Griha at Santiniketan
</gallery>

==Climate==
The climate of Shantiniketan is moderately warm, with summer temperatures at around 35-42 °C (maximum) and winter at 10-15 °C (minimum). Summer is felt for three months, March, April and May. December, January and February are the winter months. June, July, August and September see heavy rainfall, these four months are known as monsoon (rainy season). Shantiniketan saw its highest temperature rising 47.0 °C, on 10 June 1966. The lowest temperature ever recorded is 4.9 °C, on 9 January 2013. The annual average temperature is 26.2 °C. About 1480mm of rain falls per year, with 76 days seeing the rain.
The area is classified as an "[[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]]" (tropical savanna climate) under the [[Köppen Climate Classification]].
{{Shantiniketan weatherbox}}

==Transport==
[[Bolpur Shantiniketan railway station]] is well connected with [[Sealdah Railway Station]], [[Howrah Station]], [[Kolkata Railway Station]], [[Malda Town]], [[New Jalpaiguri]] etc. of [[West Bengal]] & [[Guwahati Railway Station]] of [[Assam]].

There is direct AC Volvo bus service of WBTC from [[Kolkata]] to Bolpur Shantiniketan (Kolkata-Bolpur-Suri & Suri-Bolpur-Kolkata).

Bus and private cars are available from [[Kolkata]] (outstation cab service of [[Ola Cabs]], [[Uber]] from Kolkata), Durgapur City Centre Bus Stop, Katwa, Berhampore and soon from [[Santragachi Railway Station]] in [[Howrah]].

==About Visva Bharati==
Shantiniketan is a university town with varied educational facilities. At the school level are [[Patha Bhavana, Santiniketan|Patha Bhavana]] and [[Siksha Satra]]. Apart from a number of courses in humanities, science and education, [[Visva-Bharati]] offers a range of music, dance and art courses and lays emphasis on language courses. Sangit Bhavana offers courses in Rabindra Sangit, Hindustani classical vocal, sitar, esraj, tabla, pakhawaj, Kathakali dance and Manipuri dance. [[Kala Bhavana]] offers courses in painting, mural, sculpture, graphic art, design (textiles/ ceramics) and history of art. The university offers specialised 4-year courses in Persian, Tibetan, Chinese and Japanese. Bhasa Bhavana offers undergraduate and post-graduate courses in Arabic & Persian, Bengali, Chinese, Hindi, Indo-Tibetan, Japanese, Odia, Santali and Sanskrit. Vidya Bhavana offers 1-year courses in Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, French, German, Hindi, Italian, Japanese, Marathi, Odia, Pali, Persian, Russian, Sanskrit, Santali, Tamil, Tibetan and Urdu. It also offers 2-year courses in Arabic, Assamese, Bengali, Chinese, French, German, Hindi, Italian, Japanese, Marathi, Odia, Pali, Persian, Russian, Sanskrit, Santali, Tamil, Tibetan and Urdu. There are certificate courses in leather craft, book binding & hand-made packaging, batik work and hand-made paper making. Shantiniketan offers courses in the field of agriculture and rural development. Only a selective list is presented here to give an idea of the range of courses offered.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.visvabharati.ac.in/BachelorDegree.html | title = Visva Bharat|work=Bachelor Degree | publisher = Visva Bharati |access-date = 26 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.visvabharati.ac.in/PostgraduateSyllabus.html | title = Visva Bharat|work= Syllabus for Post Graduate courses | publisher = Visva Bharati |access-date = 26 July 2019}}</ref>

==Culture==
The town is known for its literary and artistic heritage, with the notable figures being [[Rabindranath Tagore]] and [[Nandalal Bose]]. In addition, the [[Visva Bharati]] also serves as Shantiniketan's cultural center.<ref name=unesco/>

==Poush Mela==
In Birbhum district, the [[Fairs in Birbhum|fairs]] (''mela'' in Bengali) are spread right across the district and are thought of as an extension of the concept of markets, a place of not only trade and business but also a meeting place of people and an arena for cultural exchange. The largest and most notable fair is the ''[[Poush Mela]]'' held at Santiniketan for three days from 7 [[Poush]].<ref name=paschim1>Mukhopadhyay, Aditya, ''Birbhumer Mela'', ''Paschim Banga'', Birbhum Special Issue, pp. 203–214, (in Bengali), February 2006, Information and Culture Dept., Government of West Bengal</ref> [[Devendranath Tagore]] with twenty followers accepted the [[Brahmo Samaj|Brahmo]] creed from [[Ram Chandra Vidyabagish]] on 21 December 1843 (7 Poush 1250 according to the Bengali calendar). This was the basis of ''Poush Utsav'' (the Festival of Poush) at Santiniketan.<ref name="Basak">Basak, Tapan Kumar, ''Rabindranath-Santiniketan-Sriniketan (An Introduction)'', p. 36, B.B.Publication</ref>

==Festivals at Shantiniketan==
In Shantiniketan, seasonal changes bring their own colors and beauties with various festivals. The emphasis in organising these festivals is on traditional Indian forms and rituals. Numerous festivals range from ''Basanta Utsav'' and ''Barsha Mangal'' to ''Maghotsav'' and ''Rabindra Jayanti''.<ref name="festival">{{cite web | url = http://www.bolpur-santiniketan.com/| title = Welcome to Bolpur Santiniketan| publisher = Bolpur-Santiketan.com |access-date = 26 July 2019}}</ref>
[[Holi]], the festival of colours, is celebrated in its own style at Santiniketan – it is called ''Basanta Utsav'' and welcomes the arrival of spring. The programme starts from the morning with singing and dancing to Tagore's tunes by the students and ends with spreading coloured powders (called ‘[[Gulal|abir]]’) and expression of festive wishes. After the formal Visva Bharati programme, other programmes follow. ''Barsha Mangal'' is celebrated with cultural programmes in July–August. ''Ananda Bazar'' is a fair for handicrafts by the students, held on Mahalaya day. Prior to leaving for the puja vacations students celebrate ''Sharad Utsav''. To celebrate the birthday of Rabindranath Thakur, the birth anniversary of the poet's son with a small mela held in Sriniketan called "Rathindra Mela" by the students of the institute. ''Nandan Mela'' marks Nandalal Bose's birth anniversary (on 1–2 December) and is a special attraction for art lovers. ''Briksharopan'' and ''Halkarshan'' emphasise man's closeness to nature and are held on 22-23 [[Shraavana]] (August). ''[[Maghotsab of Brahma Samaj|Maghotsab]]'', celebrating the founding of the Brahmo Samaj, is held on 11 [[Magh (Bengali calendar)|Magh]] (towards the end of January). Various anniversaries and cultural programmes are organised throughout the year. 25 [[Baisakh]] (7-8 May) is the birthday of Rabindranath Tagore but his birth anniversary is celebrated along with and subsequent to the [[Pahela Baishakh|Bengali New Year]] (mid April onwards).<ref name=festival/>

==Sinha Sadan==
Shantiniketan was originally a part of the ancestral ''[[zamindari]]'' of the Sinha family of [[Raipur, Birbhum|Raipur]], [[Birbhum]].<ref name="intro" /> [[Satyendra Prasanna Sinha, 1st Baron Sinha]] donated for the construction of Sinha Sadan with a clock tower and bell. It was in this building that Oxford University conferred its honorary doctorate on the poet, [[Rabindranath Tagore]].<ref name="unesco" />

<gallery widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:Sinha Sadan - 1926 CE - Santiniketan 2014-06-29 5505.JPG|Sinha Sadan
File:Doorway - Sinha Sadan - 1926 CE - Santiniketan 2014-06-29 5525.JPG|Doorway, Sinha Sadan
</gallery>

==Ballabhpur Wildlife Sanctuary==
[[Ballabhpur Wildlife Sanctuary]] is located 3 km from Shantiniketan and is popular as Deer Park. Established in 1977, it was a [[khoai]] area affected by soil erosion. It is now a large wooded area with herds of deer and makes a natural bird sanctuary.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.bolpur-santiniketan.com/sightseeing/ballavpur-wildlife-sanctuary-deerpark/ | title = Ballabhpur Wildlife Sanctuary (Deer Park) | publisher = Bolpur-Santiniketan.com |access-date = 26 July 2019}}</ref>

==Amar Kutir==
[[Amar Kutir]] (meaning: my cottage), once a place of refuge for [[Indian independence movement|independence movement]] activists has been turned into a cooperative society for the promotion of arts and crafts. It is located on the banks of the [[Kopai River]], about {{convert|15|km}} from the central areas of Santiniketan.<ref>{{Cite web| url =http://www.india9.com/i9show/Amar-Kutir-45047.htm| title = Amar Kutir | access-date = 26 July 2019 | publisher =india9.com }}</ref>

== Sonajhuri haat ==
Every Saturday and Sunday, one can visit the ''haat'' (or market) at Sonajhuri, close to Shantiniketan. This is a village market and one can buy local handicrafts and listen to folk music sung by tribal groups . Sonajhuri haat is a great place to see and collect wooden crafts, [[terracotta]] crafts, raw metal ornaments, [[dhokra]] art and local made clothes. It is an excellent place to experience the local culture of Shantiniketan.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

==Around Santiniketan picture gallery==
<gallery widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:Khoai_at_Shantiniketan,_Birbhum.jpg|Khoai at Santiniketan
File:Ananda Khyapa and Tarun Khyapa with Group - Baul Song Performance - Saturday Haat - Sonajhuri - Birbhum 2014-06-28 5281.JPG|Baul performance at Sonajhuri Saturday haat
File:Saturday Haat - Sonajhuri - Birbhum 2014-06-28 5299.JPG|Local village hndicrafts and other items at Sonajhuri Saturday haat
File:Amar 2.jpg|Some ''Amar Kutir'' products on display
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* [[UNESCO]]: [https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5495 Santiniketan] (on the Tentative List since 2010)
*[https://santiniketantravelguide.com/what-to-see-in-santiniketan/ Places to visit in Santiniketan 2019] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428212144/https://santiniketantravelguide.com/what-to-see-in-santiniketan/ |date=28 April 2019 }}
*[https://www.brainwareuniversity.ac.in/celebrating-tagore/page/2/ Celebrating Tagore]
*

==External links==
{{Sister project links|Santiniketan}}
{{Commons category}}
* {{Wikivoyage inline}} with local area map

{{Bengal Renaissance}}
{{Santiniketan}}
{{World Heritage Sites in India}}
{{Birbhum District}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Birbhum district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Birbhum district]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in India]]
[[Category:Santiniketan]]

Jiri-Makru Wildlife Sanctuary

2026-02-22T23:24:45Z

Dhwanika Joshi: Creating A Page

{{Short description|Wildlife sanctuary in Manipur, India}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Jiri-Makru Wildlife Sanctuary
| iucn_category = IV
| image =
| image_caption =
| map = India Manipur#India
| relief = 1
| mapframe = yes
| map_width = 220
| map_caption = Location in Manipur, India
| map_alt = Location of Jiri-Makru Wildlife Sanctuary in Manipur, India
| location = Tamenglong district and Jiribam district, Manipur, India
| nearest_city = Jiribam
| coordinates = {{coord|24.8458|N|93.2913|E|type:forest|display=inline,title}}
| area_km2 = 167.34
| established = 
| governing_body = Forest Department, Government of Manipur
| designation = Wildlife sanctuary
| website =
}}

'''Jiri-Makru Wildlife Sanctuary''' is a [[List of wildlife sanctuaries of India|wildlife sanctuary]] located in western Manipur, India. It lies between the [[Jiri River|Jiri]] and Makru rivers, close to the Assam–Manipur border, and spans parts of [[Tamenglong district]] and [[Jiribam district]]. The sanctuary contains tropical wet evergreen and semi-evergreen forests and is recognised in conservation listings for its ecological importance.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jiri - Makru Wildlife Sanctuary, Manipur (Gazette notification) |url=https://moef.gov.in/uploads/2017/06/Jiri%20-%20Makru%20Wildlife%20Sanctuary%2C%20Manipur.pdf |publisher=Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change |accessdate=3 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jiri - Makru Factsheet |url=https://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/site/factsheet/18295 |publisher=Key Biodiversity Areas |accessdate=3 December 2025}}</ref>

==History & Status==
The Government of Manipur issued an initial notification proposing the sanctuary on 22 September 1997. It is officially listed as a wildlife sanctuary by the Government of Manipur and appears in several Indian government sources and official protected area lists.<ref>{{cite web |title=Forest Department - About Us |url=https://forest.manipurforest.gov.in/about-us |accessdate=3 December 2025 |publisher=Forest Department, Government of Manipur}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Jiri - Makru Wildlife Sanctuary, Manipur (Gazette notification) |url=https://moef.gov.in/uploads/2017/06/Jiri%20-%20Makru%20Wildlife%20Sanctuary%2C%20Manipur.pdf |accessdate=3 December 2025 |publisher=Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change}}</ref>

Despite its official status, reports indicate that on-ground protection, management, and enforcement within the sanctuary remain limited. Local news and civil society sources note that there is minimal infrastructure, limited forest staff presence, and few measures to actively protect wildlife and habitat in practice.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bunning, Zeilad and Jiri-Makru: Wildlife sanctuaries, a term only on paper |publisher=The Sangai Express |date=6 February 2021 |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2021/2/6/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Feb-5-Three-proposed-wildlife-sanctuaries-Bunning-Zeilad-and-Jiri-Makru-in-Tamenglong-district-are-existing-only-on-paper-There-is-not-a-single-development-in-thes.amp.html |accessdate=3 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Why Phoklong villagers are opposing declaration of Jiri Makru as wildlife sanctuary |date=25 April 2021 |url=https://cramanipur.wordpress.com/2021/04/25/why-phoklong-villagers-are-opposing-declaration-of-jiri-makru-as-wildlife-sanctuary/ |accessdate=3 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=23 May 2025 |title=Tamenglong residents rally for protection of indigenous land |url=https://northeasttoday.in/northeast/manipur-mass-rally-in-tamenglong-demands-protection-of-indigenous-land-and-resources/ |accessdate=3 December 2025 |publisher=Northeast Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bunning, Zeilad and Jiri‑Makru Wildlife sanctuaries, a term only on paper |publisher=The Sangai Express |date=6 February 2021 |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2021/2/6/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Feb-5-Three-proposed-wildlife-sanctuaries-Bunning-Zeilad-and-Jiri-Makru-in-Tamenglong-district-are-existing-only-on-paper-There-is-not-a-single-development-in-thes.amp.html |accessdate=3 December 2025}}</ref>

==Geography and ecology==
Jiri-Makru lies in the West Manipur Hills between the Jiri and Makru rivers, both part of the [[Barak River|Barak river]] system. The forested terrain includes [[Mizoram–Manipur–Kachin rain forests|tropical wet evergreen and semi-evergreen vegetation]], with an elevation ranging from roughly 80 to 500 metres.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jiri - Makru Factsheet |url=https://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/site/factsheet/18295 |publisher=Key Biodiversity Areas |accessdate=3 December 2025}}</ref>

==Flora and fauna==
The sanctuary is listed as an important habitat for forest birds and several mammal species typical of the Manipur hills. The sanctuary also hosts the rare [[Hoolock gibbon]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Choudhury |first=A.U. |title=The Distribution and Status of Hoolock Gibbon (''Hoolock hoolock'') in North East India |journal=Primate Conservation |year=2006 |url=https://bioone.org/journals/primate-conservation/volume-2006/issue-20/0898-6207.20.1.79/The-Distribution-and-Status-of-Hoolock-Gibbon-Hoolock-hoolock-in/10.1896/0898-6207.20.1.79.pdf |accessdate=3 December 2025}}</ref> The sanctuary has a highforest‑bird potential, though comprehensive species‑level bird surveys remain lacking.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jiri - Makru Wildlife Sanctuary (site factsheet) |url=https://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/site/factsheet/18295 |publisher=Key Biodiversity Areas |accessdate=3 December 2025}}</ref> Other mammals include [[Asian black bear|Asiatic black bear]], Leopard, Sambar deer, Barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak), Gaur, Serow, wild pig, civets, pangolin, and species of small carnivores including linsangs, jungle cats, martens, slow loris and hog badger.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jiri - Makru Wildlife Sanctuary (site factsheet) |url=https://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/site/factsheet/18295 |publisher=Key Biodiversity Areas |accessdate=3 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A Road To Nowhere |url=https://sanctuarynaturefoundation.org/article/a-road-to-nowhere |publisher=Sanctuary Asia / Sanctuary Nature Foundation |accessdate=3 December 2025}}</ref>
==Conservation and local issues==
Local communities and civil society groups have raised concerns regarding the need to balance forest protection with customary land-use rights. Regional news reports have highlighted calls for improved conservation measures and clearer administrative processes relating to Jiri-Makru and neighbouring protected areas.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tamenglong residents rally for protection of indigenous land |url=https://northeasttoday.in/northeast/manipur-mass-rally-in-tamenglong-demands-protection-of-indigenous-land-and-resources/ |publisher=Northeast Today |date=23 May 2025 |accessdate=3 December 2025}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Protected areas of India]]
* [[List of wildlife sanctuaries of India]]
* [[Shirui National Park]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Jiri - Makru Wildlife Sanctuary, Manipur (Gazette notification) |url=https://moef.gov.in/uploads/2017/06/Jiri%20-%20Makru%20Wildlife%20Sanctuary%2C%20Manipur.pdf |publisher=Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change |accessdate=3 December 2025}}
* {{cite web|title=Jiri - Makru Factsheet |url=https://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/site/factsheet/18295 |publisher=Key Biodiversity Areas |accessdate=3 December 2025}}

[[Category:Protected areas of Manipur]]
[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries of India]]
[[Category:Tamenglong district]]
[[Category:Jiribam district]]
[[Category:Protected areas with year of establishment missing]]

Prachi Desai

2026-02-15T07:00:56Z

Dhwanika Joshi: formatting fix

{{Short description|Indian actress (born 1988)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Prachi Desai
| image = Prachi Desai at the special screening of her show Prime Video’s Dhootha (cropped).jpg
| caption = Desai in 2023
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1988|9|12|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Valsad]], [[Gujarat]], India
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2006–present
| alma mater = Sinhagad College, Pune
}}

'''Prachi Desai''' (born 12 September 1988<ref name="zeenews">{{cite web |title=Prachi Desai, happy birthday! |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/prachi-desai-happy-birthday_142593.html |website=Zee News India |access-date=18 April 2013 |date=12 September 2013 |archive-date=1 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501172233/https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/prachi-desai-happy-birthday_142593.html |url-status=live }}</ref>), is an Indian actress who primarily works in [[Hindi]] films and television. Desai is a recipient of several accolades including an [[International Indian Film Academy Awards|IIFA Award]] and four [[Indian Telly Awards]], as well as two [[Filmfare Awards]] nominations.

Desai marked her acting debut with the successful television drama ''[[Kasamh Se]]'' (2006–2008). In 2007, she emerged as the winner of ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 2]]''. Following this, Desai made her film debut with ''[[Rock On!!]]'' (2008), receiving the [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut]] nomination. Desai received the [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress]] for her portrayal of a gangster's lover in ''[[Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai]]'' (2010). After appearing in the action comedy ''[[Bol Bachchan]]'' (2012), which remains her biggest commercial success, the romantic comedy ''[[I, Me Aur Main]]'' (2013) and the biographical sports drama ''[[Azhar (film)|Azhar]]'' (2016), she took a break from acting.

Desai returned to films in 2021 with the thriller ''[[Silence... Can You Hear It?]]'' and then expanded to web with the Telugu series ''[[Dhootha]]'' (2023). Alongside her acting career, Desai is a celebrity endorser for brands and products.

== Early life ==
Desai was born on 12 September 1988<ref name="zeenews" /> in [[Valsad]], [[Gujarat]], to Niranjan Desai and Ameeta Desai in a [[Hindu]] family.<ref name="toi">{{cite web |title=I am lucky:Prachi Desai |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv-/I-am-luckyPrachi-Desai-/articleshow/2606286.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912143725/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-12-09/tv/27963460_1_prachi-desai-bani-reality-show |url-status=live |archive-date=12 September 2011 |access-date=28 December 2010 |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=9 December 2007}}</ref> She has one sister named Esha Desai. She studied in [[St. Joseph's Convent School, Panchgani|St. Joseph Convent School]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prachi Desai goes back to school |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/prachi-desai-goes-back-to-school/15143083 |website=mid-day |date=7 March 2014 |access-date=8 January 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045452/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/prachi-desai-goes-back-to-school/15143083 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Panchgani]] and completed her schooling until ninth grade in Surat. She completed her higher studies from Sinhagad College in Pune.{{cn|date=February 2026}}

== Career ==
===Television career and breakthrough (2006-2008)===
[[File:Prachi Desai 'Bol Bachchan' team on the sets of Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah 06.jpg|thumb|upright|Desai on ''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]'''s set]]

In 2006, Desai got selected to play the lead role in [[Ekta Kapoor]]'s television drama, ''[[Kasamh Se]]''. Desai played Bani Dixit Walia, opposite [[Ram Kapoor]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Prachi Desai wants to 'rock on' with Shahid and Hrithik |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/prachi-desai-wants-to-rock-on-with-shahid/498829/ |website=The Indian Express |date=6 August 2009 |access-date=28 December 2010}}</ref> In her acting debut, Desai won her praises and earned several awards, including the [[Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role]]. In the same show, she also played Anamika Dixit Randheria opposite [[Sumeet Vyas]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Kasamh-Se-to-be-discontinued/articleshow/4233015.cms|title =Ekta Kapoor's Kasamh Se to be discontinued|access-date =20 November 2016|author=Vickey Lalwani|work =[[The Times of India]] |date =6 March 2009}}</ref>

In 2007, Desai entered ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]'', the Indian version of BBC ''[[Strictly Come Dancing]]'' with choreographer Deepak Singh. Desai was eliminated on 10 November 2007, but entered the contest again via a wildcard entry and ultimately won the competition.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prachi Desai takes away Jhalak Dikhla Jaa pie |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/prachi-desai-takes-away-jhalak-dikhla-jaa-pie/story-I3dR0y7ASKgexeWmBMjmiO.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=17 December 2007 |access-date=8 January 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104153/http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/prachi-desai-takes-away-jhalak-dikhla-jaa-pie/story-I3dR0y7ASKgexeWmBMjmiO.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Desai also appeared in two episodes of the Star Plus television series [[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasauti Zindagi Ki]] in a cameo. She portrayed a student at Prerna's school.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Finally... the 'Kasautii' ends!|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-finally-the-kasautii-ends-1136240|website=Daily News and Analysis}}</ref>

===Expansion to films and success (2008-2017)===
Desai then made the transition to the film industry in 2008. She made her film debut with ''[[Rock On!!]]'' (2008), directed by [[Abhishek Kapoor]], where she played Sakshi, a band singer wife opposite [[Farhan Akhtar]].<ref name="toi"/> Desai had to leave ''[[Kasamh Se]]'' to star in ''Rock On''. The film earned her a nomination for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut]]. In his review, [[Rajeev Masand]] stated, "Desai, saddled with what I think is the film's trickiest role, comes off unscathed because she's an actor who oozes warmth."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masands-verdict-rock-on-rocks--wanted-is-good-fun/72473-8-single.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826161001/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masands-verdict-rock-on-rocks--wanted-is-good-fun/72473-8-single.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 August 2009 |title=Rock On!! review: CNN-IBN |publisher=Ibnlive.in.com |access-date=15 June 2011}}</ref><ref name="Rock on box office">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=215 |title=Box Office 2008 |website=Boxofficeindia.com |access-date=15 June 2011}}</ref> Next year, she played Prachi opposite [[Tusshar Kapoor]] in ''[[Life Partner]]'', a box office average.<ref>{{cite web |title= Life Partner Steady in Week Three |url= http://www.boxofficeindia.com/npages.php?page=shownews&articleid=1126&nCat=news |date= 4 September 2009 |work= Box Office India |accessdate=8 September 2009}}</ref>

Desai's career marked a significant turning point in 2010, when she appeared in ''[[Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Buy a ticket for Once Upon A Time in Mumbaai. Now! |url=http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/jul/30/review-once-upon-a-time-in-mumbai.htm |publisher=Rediff |access-date=31 July 2010}}</ref> The film saw her play Mumtaz, a character based on Mehjabin Shaikh, opposite [[Emraan Hashmi]]. It emerged a box office success and earned her a nomination for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress]] and won the [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress]].<ref name="verdict">{{cite web |title=The Hit List 2010 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/npages.php?page=shownews&articleid=1899&nCat=news |work=Box Office India |access-date=12 August 2010|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306045558/http://boxofficeindia.com/npages.php?page=shownews&articleid=1899&nCat=news |archive-date=6 March 2012}}</ref> Kaveree Bamzai from ''[[India Today]]'' opined, "Prachi Desai as Shoaib's girlfriend, is suitably tremulous and pleading."<ref>{{cite web |title=Film Review: Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/film-review-once-upon-a-time-in-mumbai-79611-2010-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117223408/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/film-review-once-upon-a-time-in-mumbai-79611-2010-07-29 |url-status=live |archive-date=17 January 2010 |website=India Today |access-date=28 December 2010}}</ref>

[[File:Prachi Desai, Emraan Hashmi at Promotion of 'Once Upon A Time In Mumbaai', Radio City 91.1 FM (8).jpg|thumb|Desai promoting ''[[Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai]]'' in 2010]]

In 2012, she appeared in ''[[Teri Meri Kahaani (film)|Teri Meri Kahaani]]'' as Radhika, opposite [[Shahid Kapoor]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prachi Desai features in Teri Meri Kahaani {{!}} Latest Movie Features – Bollywood Hungama |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/3405 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520080133/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/3405 |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 May 2012 |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=8 January 2016}}</ref> [[Taran Adarsh]] found her cameo appearance to be "sparkling".<ref name="bhreview">{{cite web |title=Teri Meri Kahaani Review |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/teri-meri-kahaani/critic-review/teri-meri-kahaani-movie-review/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410143950/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/teri-meri-kahaani/critic-review/ |archive-date=10 April 2017 |author=Adarsh, Taran |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=22 June 2012 |url-status=live |access-date=10 April 2017}}</ref> Desai then played Radhika, an educated modern girl in ''[[Bol Bachchan]]'', opposite [[Abhishek Bachchan]]. The film proved to be Desai's biggest box office success until date.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4656&nCat=|title=− Bol Bachchan Has Strong Sunday|work=Box Office India|date=9 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825211309/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4656&nCat=|archive-date=25 August 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Top Grossers Overseas 2012|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=5266&nCat= |work=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=5 January 2012|archive-date=20 February 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130220004911/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=5266&nCat=|url-status=live}}</ref> Devesh Sharma of ''[[Filmfare]]'' noted, "Prachi Desai is reduced to sisterly bits".<ref>{{cite web|title=Movie review: Bol Bachchan|url=http://filmfare.com/reviews/movie-review-bol-bachchan-795.html|first=Devesh|last=Sharma|publisher=Filmfare|date=6 July 2012|access-date=6 July 2012|archive-date=8 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120708225021/http://filmfare.com/reviews/movie-review-bol-bachchan-795.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Desai had two releases in 2013. She first played a stylist Gauri, in ''[[I, Me Aur Main]]'', opposite [[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Kapil-Sharma-to-make-his-directorial-debut/articleshow/9482013.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928051725/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-04/news-interviews/29850193_1_kapil-sharma-directorial-debut-aur-main |url-status=live |archive-date=28 September 2011 |access-date=3 January 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Kapil Sharma to make his directorial debut |date=4 August 2011}}</ref> Nishi Tiwar of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' said that Desai went "overboard" in her portrayal of a girl-next-door.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-i-me-aur-main-leaves-a-lot-to-be-desired/20130301.htm| title=Review: I Me Aur Main leaves a lot to be desired | author=Nishi Tiwari | work=Rediff.com | access-date=1 March 2013}}{{Rating|2|5}}</ref> She next appeared opposite [[Sanjay Dutt]], in ''[[Policegiri]]''. The film received negative reviews and Sarit Ray of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' found her role to be "irrelevant".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Sarit-Ray-s-review-Policegiri/Article1-1089044.aspx | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130710200434/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Sarit-Ray-s-review-Policegiri/Article1-1089044.aspx | url-status=dead | archive-date=10 July 2013 | title=Policegiri Movie Review | work=Hindustan Times| access-date=5 July 2013}}</ref> In 2014, Desai appeared in a special number for ''[[Ek Villain]]'', in a song named "Awari".<ref name="Release">{{cite web |title='Ek Villain' ends 2014 first half on a high! |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-business-talk/business-talk/ |access-date=2 July 2014 |work=[[Taran Adarsh]] |publisher=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=30 June 2014}}</ref>

Post a small hiatus, Desai played former cricket captain [[Mohammad Azharuddin]]'s wife, Naureen in his biopic film, ''[[Azhar (film)|Azhar]]'' opposite Emraan Hashmi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prachi Desai plays cricketer's wife in Azhar |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/Prachi-Desai-Plays-Cricketers-Wife-in-Azhar/2015/09/15/article3028047.ece |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=8 January 2016 |archive-date=26 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326060454/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/Prachi-Desai-Plays-Cricketers-Wife-in-Azhar/2015/09/15/article3028047.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Azhar first look: Emraan Hashmi dons blue for Azharuddin biopic : Bollywood, News |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/azhar-first-look-emraan-hashmi-azharuddin-biopic-new-film-prachi-desai-sangeeta-bijlani-anthony-dsouza-254009-2015-05-21 |website=India Today |date=21 May 2015 |access-date=8 January 2016 |archive-date=26 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160226041344/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/azhar-first-look-emraan-hashmi-azharuddin-biopic-new-film-prachi-desai-sangeeta-bijlani-anthony-dsouza/1/439348.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The film emerged a commercial failure, but [[Anna MM Vetticad]] of ''[[Firstpost]]'' found her Naureen to be "controlled" and her heartbreak "believable".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Azhar movie review: This Emraan Hashmi-starrer is an opportunity lost |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/azhar-review-this-emraan-hashmi-starrer-is-a-wasted-opportunity-2779976.html/amp |website=Firstpost |date=16 May 2016 |access-date=28 January 2018 |archive-date=20 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220041344/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/azhar-review-this-emraan-hashmi-starrer-is-a-wasted-opportunity-2779976.html/amp |url-status=live }}</ref> In the same year, Desai reprised Sakshi, opposite Farhan Akhtar in ''[[Rock On 2]],'' a sequel to ''Rock On!!''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prachi Desai gets fitter and leaner for 'Rock On 2' |website=The Times of India |date=3 November 2015 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Prachi-Desai-gets-fitter-and-leaner-for-Rock-On-2/articleshow/49642277.cms |access-date=8 January 2016 |archive-date=1 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001052307/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Prachi-Desai-gets-fitter-and-leaner-for-Rock-On-2/articleshow/49642277.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Farhan Akhtar starrer 'Rock On 2' to release on November 11 |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/farhan-akhtar-starrer-rock-on-2-to-release-on-november-11/ |website=The Indian Express |date=6 January 2016 |access-date=8 January 2016 |archive-date=7 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107074539/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/farhan-akhtar-starrer-rock-on-2-to-release-on-november-11/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2017, Desai played a robot in the short film ''[[Carbon: The Story of Tomorrow]]'' opposite [[Jackky Bhagnani]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/carbon-review-this-short-film-offers-intelligent-important-sci-fi-let-down-by-lazy-execution-3960851.html|title=Carbon review: This short film offers intelligent, important sci-fi, let down by lazy execution|date=22 August 2017|website=Firstpost|accessdate=6 June 2020}}</ref>

===Hiatus, return and streaming projects (2017-present)===
In 2021, Desai returned to films after a break of four years with ''[[Silence... Can You Hear It?]]'', where she played a police inspector Sanjana alongside [[Manoj Bajpai]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 December 2020|first=Rishita Roy|last=Chowdhury|title=Manoj Bajpayee, Prachi Desai, Arjun Mathur team up for new film Silence... Can You Hear It?|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/manoj-bajpayee-prachi-desai-arjun-mathur-team-up-for-new-film-silence-can-you-hear-it-1752629-2020-12-24|access-date=2021-02-16|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> That year, she appeared in a music video, Rihaee with [[Rohit Khandelwal]]. The song was well appreciated by the audience.<ref name="Rihaee" />

Desai then played, Dr.Ranjana, a psychiatrist in the 2022 film, ''[[Forensic (2022 film)|Forensic]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/forensic-teaser-vikrant-massey-radhika-apte-watch-7928210/lite/|title=Forensic teaser: Vikrant Massey, Radhika Apte try to solve mystery around missing girls in the thriller|date=20 May 2022 |work=The Indian Express|access-date=27 May 2022}}</ref> Pragati Awasthi of ''[[WION]]'' was appreciative of Desai's decent portrayal of a psychiatrist.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/forensic-review-radhika-apte-vikrant-massey-are-star-of-this-gripping-thriller-491406/amp|title=Forensic Movie Review: Radhika Apte, Vikrant Massey are star of this gripping thriller|date=24 June 2022 |work=WION News|access-date=27 August 2022}}</ref> In 2023, Desai appeared alongside [[Naga Chaitanya]], in ''[[Dhootha]] '', playing his PA, Amrutha. The series released in Telugu, marked her web debut.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/dhootha-trailer-naga-chaitanya-as-an-investigative-journalist-in-vikram-kumars-web-series/article67564634.ece|title='Dhootha' trailer: Naga Chaitanya as an investigative journalist in Vikram Kumar's web series|newspaper=The Hindu |date=23 November 2023|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> Neeshita Nyayapati of ''Hindustan Times'' noted, "Prachi get a character that is anything but run-of-the-mill, even then she sink her teeth into it and does a good job."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhootha review: Vikram K Kumar plays to his strengths in Naga Chaitanya's web debut |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/dhootha-review-naga-chaitanya-ott-debut-prime-video-vikram-k-kumar-101701408558728-amp.html |accessdate=10 December 2023 |work=Hindustan Times |date=December 2023 }}</ref>

In 2024, Desai reprised Inspector Sanjana in ''[[Silence 2: The Night Owl Bar Shootout]]'', sequel to the 2021 film.<ref>{{Cite news|title='Silence 2' trailer: Manoj Bajpayee's film promises thrill and mystery|website=India Today|date=23 March 2024|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/silence-2-the-night-owl-bar-shootout-trailer-manoj-bajpayee-prachi-desai-thrill-mystery-2522677-2024-04-03|access-date=2024-04-13|language=en|archive-date=7 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407060520/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/silence-2-the-night-owl-bar-shootout-trailer-manoj-bajpayee-prachi-desai-thrill-mystery-2522677-2024-04-03|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Saibal Chatterjee]] opined, "Prachi Desai manages to make the most of the limited bandwidth accorded to her."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Silence 2 Movie Review: Manoj Bajpayee delivers another measured performance |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/silence-2-review-manoj-bajpayee-delivers-another-measured-performance-2-5-stars-5451647 |accessdate=16 April 2024 |work=NDTV India}}</ref> Desai is committed to star as a lead actress in the dark fantasy movie - Kosha, which is directed by Amman Advaita and produced by Abhay Raj Kanwar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Late filmmaker Raj Kanwar's sons, Abhay and Karan, to resurrect their home banner with a fantasy adventure featuring Prachi. |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/late-filmmaker-raj-kanwars-sons-abhay-and-karan-to-resurrect-their-home-banner-with-a-fantasy-adventure-featuring-prachi-desai/articleshow/59890590.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=7 June 2021 |archive-date=7 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607104907/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/late-filmmaker-raj-kanwars-sons-abhay-and-karan-to-resurrect-their-home-banner-with-a-fantasy-adventure-featuring-prachi-desai/articleshow/59890590.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== In the media ==
[[File:Cast of 'Bol Bachchan' interview at Mehboob studio 07 Prachi Desai.jpg|thumb|upright|Desai promoting her film ''[[Bol Bachchan]]'', in 2012]]

Post her debut with ''Kasamh Se'', [[Rediff.com]] placed her fourth in its "Top TV stars of 2006" list.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/2006/dec/27slide5.htm |title=The top TV stars of 2006 |work=Rediff.com|archive-date=23 March 2015 |access-date=17 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323114453/https://m.rediff.com/movies/2006/dec/27slide5.htm}}</ref> Desai was placed 32nd in ''[[The Times of India]]''{{'}}s Most Desirable Woman list.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/times-50-most-desirable-women-of-2011-the-winners/articleshow/11753716.cms |title=50 Most Desirable Women of 2011 : The Winners |work=Times of India |archive-date=25 February 2013 |access-date=11 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130225114453/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/times-50-most-desirable-women-of-2011-the-winners/articleshow/11753716.cms}}</ref> Desai is an endorser, spokesperson and brand ambassador of [[Goa]] Tourism and [[Neutrogena]] products in India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Prachi Desai is new face of Neutrogena cosmetics in India |url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2009/sep/040909-prachi-desai-neutrogena-international-cosmetics.htm |website=Mid-Day |access-date=28 December 2010 |date=4 September 2009 |archive-date=24 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924084422/http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2009/sep/040909-prachi-desai-neutrogena-international-cosmetics.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Desai is also a celebrity endorser for brands such as [[Lux Industries|Lux Lyra]], [[Relaxo]], and [[Gillette]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/lux-industries-to-step-into-lingerie/article9618059.ece |title=Lyra brand about four years ago and had roped in actor Prachi Desai as its brand ambassador |date=5 April 2017 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=8 June 2017}}</ref> In 2016, Desai refused to be a part of an advertisement in [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/Prachi-Desai-turns-down-offer-for-Pakistani-ad-17833155 |title=Prachi Desai turns down offer for Pakistani ad |work=Mid Day |date=15 December 2016 |access-date=18 December 2017}}</ref> Desai shared about her [[casting couch]] experience in an interview in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/prachi-desai-shares-casting-couch-experience-says-it-was-a-big-film-and-director-called-her-even-after-she-said-no-101618740636564-amp.html |title=Prachi Desai shares casting couch experience, says it was a 'big film' and director called her even after she said no |work=Hindustan Times |date=18 April 2021 |access-date=19 November 2022}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{Pending films key}}

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" | Years
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Ref.
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Rock On!!]]''
| Sakshi Shroff
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenindia.com/news/after-heroes-its-rock-on-to-make-it-to-the-oscar-library/390910/ |title=After Heroes, it's Rock On to make it to the Oscar Library |website=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]] |date=26 November 2008 |access-date=15 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201075512/http://www.screenindia.com/news/after-heroes-its-rock-on-to-make-it-to-the-oscar-library/390910/ |archive-date=1 December 2008 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| 2009
| ''[[Life Partner]]''
| Prachi Jadeja Patel
|
|
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai]]''
| Mumtaz
|
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Once Upon... has ticket counters rolling |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Once-Upon-has-ticket-counters-rolling/Article1-581555.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100806001944/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Once-Upon-has-ticket-counters-rolling/Article1-581555.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 August 2010 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=22 January 2011}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2012
| ''[[Teri Meri Kahaani (film)|Teri Meri Kahaani]]''
| Radhika Desai
|
|
|-
| ''[[Bol Bachchan]]''
| Radhika Raghuvanshi
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2013
| ''[[I, Me Aur Main]]''
| Gauri Dandekar
|
|
|-
| ''[[Policegiri]]''
| Sehar Al Ameri
|
|
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Ek Villain]]''
| Dancer
| Special appearance in song "Awari"
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-06-11 |title=Watch: Prachi Desai is a screen scorcher in 'Awari' from Ek Villain |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/prachi-desai-turns-screen-scorcher-for-ek-villains-new-song-awari/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628001447/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/prachi-desai-turns-screen-scorcher-for-ek-villains-new-song-awari/ |archive-date=2014-06-28 |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2016
| ''[[Azhar (film)|Azhar]]''
| Naureen Azhar
|
|
|-
| ''[[Rock On 2]]''
| Sakshi Shroff
|
|
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Carbon: The Story of Tomorrow]]''
| Pari
| Short film
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/carbon-trailer-nawazuddin-siddiqui-prachi-desai-and-jackky-bhagnani-starrer-is-a-story-of-tomorrow-watch-video-4769650/ |title=Carbon trailer: Nawazuddin Siddiqui, Prachi Desai and Jackky Bhagnani starrer is 'a story of tomorrow' |work=The Indian Express|date=27 July 2017 |accessdate=2 August 2017}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Silence... Can You Hear It?]]''
| Inspector Sanjana Bhatia
|
|
|-
| 2022
|''[[Forensic (2022 film)|Forensic]]''
| Dr. Ranjana / Shashi Gupta
|
|
|-
| rowspan="1"|2024
| ''[[Silence 2: The Night Owl Bar Shootout]]''
| Inspector Sanjana Bhatia
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manoj Bajpayee And Prachi Desai Spotted At Silence 2 Shoot In Andheri |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/manoj-bajpayee-and-prachi-desai-spotted-at-silence-2-shoot-in-andheri-8794417.html|date=2024-02-27|work=News18 India|access-date=2024-04-02|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| {{TBA}}
| {{Pending film|Bihu Attack}}
| {{TableTBA}}
| Filming
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://assam.news18.com/news/assam/bollywood-film-bihu-attack-based-on-assam-bihu-arbaaz-khan-prachi-desai-can-be-seen-acting-in-this-movies-know-details-sehnaz-b-356682.html |title=Bollywood Film Bihu Attack: Arbaaz Khan, Prachi Desai to Yukti Kapoor, check completed star cast|work=News18 Assam|date=29 January 2024 |accessdate=29 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
| {{TBA}}
| {{Pending film|Kosha}}
| Sonia Sawant
| Delayed
|
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" | Years
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Ref.
|-
| 2006–2008
| ''[[Kasamh Se]]''
| Bani Dixit Walia / Anamika Dixit Randheria
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2007
| ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]''
| Prachi Chauhan
|
|
|-
| ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 2]]''
| Contestant
| Winner
|<ref>{{cite web |date=14 December 2007 |title='Jhalak Dikhla Jaa' finalists unplugged |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-jhalak-dikhla-jaa-finalists-unplugged-1139314 |website=DNA India}}</ref>
|-
| 2010
| ''[[CID (Indian TV series)|CID]]''
| rowspan="3"|Herself
| rowspan="3"|Guest appearance
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=CID – Episode 641 – Once Upon A Time in Mumbai |via=[[YouTube]] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNSLz0smn0s |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114055308/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNSLz0smn0s |archive-date=14 January 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=StarGaze: 'Bol Bachchan' stars meet Tarak Mehta & more |url=https://www.news18.com/photogallery/movies/stargaze-bol-bachchan-stars-meet-tarak-mehta-more-844382.html |access-date=25 June 2021 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=25 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625135050/https://www.news18.com/photogallery/movies/stargaze-bol-bachchan-stars-meet-tarak-mehta-more-844382.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin]]''
|
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Dhootha]]''
| Amrutha
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] series
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2022 |title=Amazon Prime Video sizzle reel shows first glimpses of Naga Chaitanya's Dhootha and more |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/amazon-prime-video-sizzle-reel-shows-first-glimpses-of-shahid-kapoor-raj-and-dk-s-farzi-made-in-heaven-2-and-more-101651140848789.html |access-date=4 May 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=4 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504041853/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/amazon-prime-video-sizzle-reel-shows-first-glimpses-of-shahid-kapoor-raj-and-dk-s-farzi-made-in-heaven-2-and-more-101651140848789.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=28 April 2022 |title=Prime Video Telugu series 'Dhootha' |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/naga-chaitanya-to-make-digital-debut-with-prime-video-telugu-series-dhootha/article65363523.ece |access-date=4 May 2022 |archive-date=4 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504041853/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/naga-chaitanya-to-make-digital-debut-with-prime-video-telugu-series-dhootha/article65363523.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== Music video appearances ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" | Years
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Singer
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Ref.
|-
| 2021
| "Rihaee"
| [[Yasser Desai]]
| Preeti
|<ref name="Rihaee">{{Cite web |date=23 June 2021 |title=Rohit Khandelwal and Prachi Desai impress fans with their heart-wrenching love track Rihaee {{!}} english.lokmat.com |url=https://english.lokmat.com/entertainment/rohit-khandelwal-and-prachi-desai-impress-fans-with-their-heart-wrenching-love-track-rihaee/ |access-date=26 June 2021 |website=Lokmat English |language=en |archive-date=25 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625111626/https://english.lokmat.com/entertainment/rohit-khandelwal-and-prachi-desai-impress-fans-with-their-heart-wrenching-love-track-rihaee/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Work
! Result
! {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2006
| rowspan="4" | [[Indian Telly Awards]]
| [[Best Fresh New Face (Female)]]
| rowspan="4" | ''[[Kasamh Se]]''
| {{won}}
|rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2006 Popular Awards winners|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k6/nov/nov296.htm}}</ref>
|-
| [[Indian Telly Award for Best Onscreen Couple|Best Onscreen Couple]] (Shared with [[Ram Kapoor]])
| {{won}}
|-
|2007
| [[Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role|Best Actress in a Lead Role]]
| {{won}}
| <ref name="ITELLYA2007">{{cite web |url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k7/winners-list.htm |title=Winners of Indian Telly Awards 2007 |access-date=28 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722173647/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k7/winners-list.htm |archive-date=22 July 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 2008
| Special Recommendation
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k8/winners2008.htm |title=Winners of Indian Telly Awards 2008 |access-date=6 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911083458/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k8/winners2008.htm |archive-date=11 September 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2009
| [[Screen Awards]]
| [[Screen Award for Best Female Debut|Most Promising Newcomer – Female]]
| rowspan="5" | ''[[Rock On!!]]''
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{cite web |title=15th Star Screen Awards Nominations |url=http://screenindia.com/screenaward09/nomination.html |work=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]] |access-date=3 August 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20090121184925/http://screenindia.com/screenaward09/nomination.html |archive-date=21 January 2009}}</ref>
|-
| [[Stardust Awards]]
| [[Stardust Award for Superstar of Tomorrow – Female|Superstar of Tomorrow – Female]]
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{cite episode |title=Stardust Awards 2009 |series=Stardust Awards |network=SET MAX |date=28 February 2009}}</ref>
|-
| [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
| [[IIFA Award for Star Debut of the Year – Female|Star Debut of the Year – Female]]
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-for-the-iifa-awards-2009/ |title=Nominations for the IIFA Awards 2009 |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=29 April 2009 |access-date=3 August 2020 |archive-date=11 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711070856/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-for-the-iifa-awards-2009/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Anandalok Puraskar|Anandalok Puraskar Awards]]
| [[Anandalok Award for Best Actress (Hindi)|Best Actress (Hindi)]]
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bollywood actress Prachi Desai holds Best Actress award for her film 'Rock On' during a 'Dabur Vatika Anandalok Puraskar 2008' in Kolkata – Photogallery |url=http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/celebs/bollywood/prachi-desai/awards-performances/articleshow/9321682.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=8 January 2016 |archive-date=6 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206211230/http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/celebs/bollywood/prachi-desai/awards-performances/articleshow/9321682.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[Filmfare Awards]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]]
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{cite episode |title=54th Idea Filmfare Awards |series=Filmfare Awards |network=[[Sony Entertainment Television|SET]] |date=8 March 2009}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2011
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| rowspan="6" | ''[[Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai]]''
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-for-56th-filmfare-awards-2010/ |title=Nominations for 56th Filmfare Awards 2011 |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=14 January 2011 |access-date=4 August 2020 |archive-date=22 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622022411/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-for-56th-filmfare-awards-2010/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
| [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/dabangg-big-winner-at-bollywoods-205641 |title=Winners of 12th IIFA Awards 2011 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |date=25 June 2011 |access-date=4 August 2020 |archive-date=21 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621055745/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/dabangg-big-winner-at-bollywoods-205641 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Producers Guild Film Awards]]
| [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role|Best Actress in a Supporting Role]]
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/winners-of-6th-apsara-film-television-producers-guild-awards/ |title=Winners of 6th Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=11 January 2011 |access-date=4 August 2020 |archive-date=28 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228005826/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/winners-of-6th-apsara-film-television-producers-guild-awards/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Screen Awards]]
| [[Screen Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-for-17th-annual-star-screen-awards-2011/ |title=Nominations for 17th Annual Star Screen Awards 2011 |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=3 January 2011 |access-date=4 August 2020 |archive-date=4 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204141248/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-for-17th-annual-star-screen-awards-2011/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Stardust Awards|Zee Cine Awards]]
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Female|Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Female]]
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.zeecineawards.com/timeline/2011/winners/ |title=The 12th Zee Cine Awards 2011 Viewers Choice Awards Nominees & Winners |work=Zee Cine Awards |access-date=21 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517024925/https://www.zeecineawards.com/timeline/2011/winners/ |archive-date=17 May 2020 |agency=Zee Entertainment Enterprises}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Stardust Awards]]
| Best Actress in an Ensemble Cast
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/zee-cine-awards-2011/hrithik-srk-beat-salman-hailed-as-best-actors-at-the-zee-cine-awards_79821.html |title=Hrithik-SRK beat Salman; hailed as best actors at the Zee Cine Awards |website=Zee News |date=15 January 2011 |access-date=4 August 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2013
| [[Stardust Award for Breakthrough Performance – Female|Best Breakthrough Performance – Female]]
| ''[[Bol Bachchan]]''
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-for-stardust-awards-2013/ |title=Nominations for Stardust Awards 2013 |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=21 January 2013 |access-date=4 August 2020 |archive-date=30 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330155944/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-for-stardust-awards-2013/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2023
|[[Iconic Gold Awards]]
| Best Actress in a Negative Role – OTT
| ''[[Forensic]]''
| {{Won}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/brand-focus/iconic-gold-awards-2023-celebrating-the-best-of-bollywood-and-television-on-march-18th-in-mumbai|title=Iconic Gold Awards 2023: Celebrating the Best of Bollywood and Television on March 18th in Mumbai|website=Free Press Journal|access-date= 25 February 2023}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person}}

{{Navboxes | title = Awards for Prachi Desai |
list =
{{Indian Telly Award Best Lead Actress}}
{{IIFAAwardBestSupportingActress}}
{{ZeeCineAwardBestSupportingActorFemale}}
}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Desai, Prachi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:People from Surat]]
[[Category:Actresses from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Gujarati cinema]]
[[Category:Gujarati actresses]]
[[Category:Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa winners]]
[[Category:International Indian Film Academy Awards winners]]
[[Category:Zee Cine Awards winners]]
[[Category:Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]

Kattupalli Shipyard

2026-02-08T07:46:55Z

Dhwanika Joshi: Improved article clarity and structure

{{Short description|Large shipyard project}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox Port
| name = Kattupalli Port
| image =
| caption = Kattupalli Port owned by Adani Ports Ltd.
| image_caption =
| country = {{flag|India}}
| coordinates = {{coord|13.312114|N|80.345598|E|display=title,inline}}
| opened = January 2012
| operated = [[Adani Group]]
| owner = [[Adani Ports & SEZ]]
| type = Natural harbor (sea port)
| berths = 4
| website =
| blankdetailstitle1 = Depth
| blankdetails1 = {{convert|14|m|ft}}
| blankdetailstitle2 =
| blankdetails2 = }}

The '''Kattupalli Shipyard,''' officially '''Adani Katupalli Port Private Limited''', is a large [[shipyard]] project at [[Kattupalli]] village near [[Ennore]] in [[Chennai district]], built by [[L&T Shipbuilding]] Ltd. It is being set up jointly by [[TIDCO]] and [[Larsen & Toubro]] (L&T) in two phases. L&T shipbuilding Kattupalli is a minor port. [[Adani Ports & SEZ|Adani ports and special economic zone]] (APSEZ) acquired Kattupalli Port from L&T in June 2018 and renamed it as Adani Katupalli Port Private Limited (AKPPL).

In terms of cargo generation, the terminal is located close to the majority of [[Intermodal container|Container Freight]] stations in Chennai. The Kattupalli development also includes a shipyard being developed by L&T, a private sector–backed development.

It is planning to compete with Japanese and Korean shipyards in building "specialised ships," such as large-size [[warship]]s, [[Roll-on/roll-off|car carriers]], [[submarine]]s, naval offshore [[patrol boat|patrol vessels]], fast patrol vessels and corvettes. After [[Colombo]] and [[Port of Singapore|Singapore]], Kattupalli will be the third major international destination for ship repairs in the region.<ref name="SpecialisedShips">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/lampt-not-to-compete-with-chinese-shipyards/article20338518.ece1|title=L&T not to compete with Chinese shipyards|first=T. E. Raja|last=Simhan|website=@businessline|date=20 September 2011 }}</ref>

The shipyard-cum-minor port complex was officially inaugurated on 30 January 2013.<ref>{{cite news
| last =
| first =
| title = Jayalalithaa inaugurates Kattupalli port
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| pages =
| language =
| date = 31 December 2013
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/jayalalithaa-inaugurates-kattupalli-port/article4363516.ece
| access-date = 31 Dec 2013}}</ref>

==Structure==

The first development phase, which aims to be operational by January 2012,{{update after|2012|01|31}} will have a 12 [[lakh]] (1.2 million) [[Twenty-foot equivalent unit|TEU]] capacity through two 350-metre-long L-shaped berths and a total terminal area of around 20 hectares. The berths would be operated by [[Philippines]]-based [[International Container Terminal Services]] Inc for 28 years.<ref name="PortReadyForOperations"/> The terminal has an option to rise to 18 lakh (1.8 million) TEU capacity during the second phase of development.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.portstrategy.com/news101/asia/ictsi-takes-on-two-more-terminals |title=ICTSI takes on two more terminals |access-date=14 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515101351/http://www.portstrategy.com/news101/asia/ictsi-takes-on-two-more-terminals |archive-date=15 May 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Mobile equipment will include two [[reach stacker]]s and one empty handler.

The yard will offer 5,000 ground slots and a CFS is also planned as part of the service package. Access to the terminal on the marine side is via a 3.5 km-long channel and port basin offering a draft of 14 m—the draft capability is such that it provides for projected increases in Southern Asian container trade. It also provides for the future possibility of mainline [[Asia]]–[[Europe]] vessels making a stop in [[South India|Southern India]], which has been mooted as a distinct possibility by certain analysts. Kattupalli's North and South [[Breakwater (structure)|breakwaters]], which together total 3.35 km, ensure a safe harbour and uninterrupted terminal operations.

The yard has 3 rail-mounted quayside cranes (RMQCs) (arrived at the port in December 2011 from China), 15 rubber-tyred gantry cranes (RTGCs), two reach stackers and 420 reefer plug points. On 12 April 2012, the yard received Zhen Hua 20, a heavy lift vessel, with three more RMQCs to be installed at the second berth.<ref name="PortReadyForOperations">{{cite news
| last = Anand
| first = N.
| title = L&T Kattupalli Port ready for operations, awaits Customs nod
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| pages =
| language =
| date = 17 April 2012
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article3321473.ece
| access-date = 5 May 2012}}</ref>

==Engineering components hub==
When fully completed, it will be the largest shipyard in Asia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/policynotes/pdf/industries.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2009-09-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920174409/http://www.tn.gov.in/policynotes/pdf/industries.pdf |archive-date=2008-09-20 }}</ref> Once operational, the shipyard will become a nucleus for heavy engineering industry (fabrications and components manufacturing).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tidco.com/news8.html |title=Tidco-What's NEW |access-date=14 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081026113619/http://www.tidco.com/news8.html |archive-date=26 October 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This would make Chennai a hub for engineering components. The project is being implemented in two phases with a total investment of about ₹4,675 [[crore]]. ₹3,050 crore will be invested in Phase I (2009–11), and the rest in Phase II (2012–15). MoU has been signed and the project has commenced.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tidco.com/images/shipyard.pdf |title=Archived copy |website=www.tidco.com |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716021440/http://www.tidco.com/images/shipyard.pdf |archive-date=16 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Rail corridor==
As of October 2019, a 6.08 km rail corridor to ferry cargo to the port is being built at a cost of ₹51.8 crore on a {{convert|31.175|hectare|acre|adj=on}} area.<ref>{{cite news
| last = Rohit
| first = T. K.
| title = 'Kattupalli rail corridor can be a role model'
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| pages = 4
| language =
| publisher = Kasturi & Sons
| date = 30 October 2019
| url = https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/kattupalli-rail-corridor-can-be-a-role-model/article29827243.ece
| access-date = 2 January 2020}}</ref>

==Proposed facilities==
The Kattupalli yard is mainly built for making warships and to augment the existing capacity at [[Hazira]] in [[Gujarat]] for submarines. A draft of up to 14 m and a waterfront exceeding 2.2 km makes the facility well suited to building large defence ships.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/lampts-shipyard-in-tn-near-ready-waits-for-defence-orders/article20308190.ece1|title=L&T's shipyard in TN near ready; waits for Defence orders|first=N. K. Kurup & S.|last=Shanker|website=@businessline|date=19 July 2011 }}</ref>

The Integrated shipyard complex will have the following facilities:

#Commercial ship building including very large cargo carriers; specialised [[cargo ship]]s for liquid/gas transportation and cruise vessels
#Building of defense ships including submarines
# Off-shore platforms and floating production-cum-storage facility for oil and gas sector
#Refitting and re-engineering of commercial and defence ships
#Heavy engineering fabrication and components production for ship building.

At the yard, encompassing 1,250 acres,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/l-t-set-to-partner-hindustan-shipyard-111092100063_1.html|title=L&T set to partner Hindustan Shipyard|first=Ruchika|last=Chitravanshi|newspaper=Business Standard India |date=21 September 2011|via=Business Standard}}</ref> L&T has also commissioned facilities to build [[Oil platform|offshore platforms]], [[drilling rig]]s and FPSOs (floating production, storage and offloading unit), besides a minor port which can handle container ships. An 18,000-tonne [[shiplift]] is being installed at the yard.

In the first phase, around ₹4,000 crore is being invested in the facility that will start rolling out ships by January 2012.<ref name="OperationalBy2012">{{Cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/-2098935.html|title=L&T's Shipyard To Become Operational By January 2012|website=Moneycontrol}}</ref><ref name="SpecialisedShips"/>

==Project status==
'''7 August 2009'''
* L&T scales down investment in the first phase to {{INRConvert|15000|m|lk=on|year=2009}}. Total investment in both phases of the project is {{INRConvert|5000|c|lk=on|year=2009}}.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News-By-Industry/Indl-Goods-Svs/Engineering/LT-scales-down-Ennore-port-funding/articleshow/4864986.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=L&T scales down Ennore port funding | date=7 August 2009}}</ref>

'''26 April 2010'''
* L&T arranges funds for Kattupalli project. The shipbuilding facility, billed as India's biggest, has got environmental clearance from the [[Government of India]]. The [[Government of Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu Government]] has allocated land for the shipyard complex.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/archive|title=Archives Top and Latest News|website=mint}}</ref>

'''14 Sep 2010'''
* India's biggest engineering and construction firm, L&T, will open a container terminal by January 2012 at Kattupalli, where it is also building a shipyard.<ref name="auto"/>

'''26 Sep 2010'''
* Engineering major L&T's shipping arm, L&T Shipbuilding Ltd (LTSB), has earmarked around {{INR}}1,500 crore to develop around 800 acres of land at Kattupalli for expanding its vessel building capacity, a top company official said.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121013055357/http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/lt-shipbuilding-earmarks-rs-1500-cr-for-kadipully-project/355261.html L&T Shipbuilding earmarks Rs 1,500 cr for Kadipully project, IBN Live News]</ref>

'''06 Apr 2011'''
* International Container Terminal Services Inc (ICTSI) said it has signed the contract with India's L&T Shipbuilding Ltd. for the container port operations for the Kattupalli Container Terminal in Tamil Nadu, India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=673643&publicationSubCategoryId=200|title=Phl port operator inks deal with India - Home » Other Sections » Breaking News|website=[[The Philippine STAR]] }}</ref>

'''08 Jun 2011'''
* ICTSI has forged a deal with LTSB for the management and operation of the Kattupalli International Container Terminal (KICT) for a 28-year period – a term that is exceptionally long for this type of arrangement and which represents something of a first in the industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.portstrategy.com/insight-and-opinion101/post-script/An-Indian-first |title=Port Strategy - an Indian first |access-date=2011-11-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005060921/http://www.portstrategy.com/insight-and-opinion101/post-script/An-Indian-first |archive-date=2011-10-05 }} An Indian first</ref>

'''25 Jul 2011'''
* L&T Shipbuilding Ltd is likely to form a joint venture with [[Kamarajar Port Limited|Ennore Port Ltd]] and the {{Not a typo|Tamilnadu}} Industrial Development Corporation (TIDCO), to build a 25.5 km road that would connect Ennore Port and Kattupalli Port. The road project is estimated to cost ₹360 crore.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-others/tp-states/LT-to-team-up-with-TIDCO-Ennore-Port-for-road-project/article20310278.ece|title=L&T to team up with TIDCO, Ennore Port for road project|first=M.|last=Ramesh|website=@businessline|date=26 July 2011 }}</ref>

'''Jun 2015'''
* L&T Shipbuilding at Kattupalli is fully functional.
'''Construction of New Build Projects:''' In 2015 L&T has bagged order for construction of 7 Offshore patrol vessels for the [[Indian Coast Guard]] and Floating Dock for the [[Indian Navy]] which will be designed in house at L&T Ship Design Centre. At commercial new build front L&T Shipbuilding is currently executing eight offshore vessels at Kattupalli Yard for Overseas Client. Presently, L&T is executing a project for construction of 54 [[L&T-class fast interceptor craft|Interceptor Boats]] for the Indian Coast Guard. Designed in-house with waterjet propulsion and aluminium hull, these boats have a speed of over 45 [[Knot (unit)|knots]] and excellent manoeuvrability.<ref name="lntshipbuilding.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.lntshipbuilding.com/products-services/new-construction-defence-shipbuilding/|title=New Construction - Defence Shipbuilding | Shipbuilding | L&T India|website=www.lntshipbuilding.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lntshipbuilding.com/products-services/new-construction-commercial-shipbuilding/|title=New Construction - Commercial Shipbuilding | Shipbuilding | L&T India|website=www.lntshipbuilding.com}}</ref>

'''Design Centre:''' L&T Shipbuilding has a design centre with capability of in-house designing of Naval ships and submarines and has already developed basic designs of Interceptor Boats, [[Patrol boat|Offshore Patrol Vessels]], [[Corvette]]s etc. which can be adapted to customer requirements. 3D Modelling integrated with Product Lifecycle Management and other Design and Analysis software suites enable accuracy, revision control and output aligned with yard infrastructure.<ref name="lntshipbuilding.com"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/ajai-shukla-mr-jaitley-s-best-decision-114102701339_1.html|title=Ajai Shukla: Mr Jaitley's best decision|first=Ajai|last=Shukla|newspaper=Business Standard India |date=27 October 2014|via=Business Standard}}</ref>

'''Ship Repairs, Refits & Conversions:''' L&T Shipbuilding is geared to handle ship repairs, refits and conversions catering to commercial and Defence ships/submarines and offshore platforms. A shiplift of 200m x 46m with lifting capacity of 21,050 tonnes (future extension planned for larger vessels) along with transfer system and dry berths enables quick turnaround of ships. There are 4 wet berths of 260 / 200 metres length. Many refit projects have been successfully completed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lntshipbuilding.com/products-services/ship-repairs-refits-conversions/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150311004043/http://www.lntshipbuilding.com/products-services/ship-repairs-refits-conversions/|archive-date=11 March 2015|title=Ship Repairs, Refits & Conversions | Shipbuilding | L&T India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lntshipbuilding.com/|title=Shipbuilding | L&T India|website=www.lntshipbuilding.com}}</ref>

In 2009, the facility also received Environment Clearance and [[Coastal Regulation Zone]] clearance for the annual production of 50,000 tonnes per annum for modular fabrication facility (MFF) as well as approval for 25 ship buildings and 60 ship repairs. However, as reported in July 2025, the existing infrastructure supports an annual capacity of 30 ship repairs and 15 ship building. Hence, L&T is expected to invest an additional {{INRConvert|1000|c|lk=|year=2025}} into the shipyard. The new infrastructure will allow the shipyard to operate at full capacity as cleared in 2009. This development will be undertaken on a land of {{Convert|892.11|acre|km2|abbr=on}} owned by L&T. The project involves establishing additional shops, fabrication units, paint shops, assembly shops, blasting shops, residential accommodation buildings, office buildings, warehouse sheds, skill development centre, landscaping/greenbelt development. The development work is expected to begin in October 2025 and will take three years to complete.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simhan |first=TE Raja |date=2025-07-16 |title=L&T to invest ₹1,000 crore in its ship building complex at Katupalli |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/lt-to-invest-1000-crore-in-its-ship-building-complex-at-katupalli/article69819157.ece |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref>

== L&T Shipbuilding ==

=== Construction ===

* {{sclass|Arihant|submarine|1}} (assistance in design and construction)
* [[Project-75 (India) submarine acquisition project|P-75I submarine project]] (partnered with [[Navantia]] for construction of [[S-80 Plus-class submarine]]s for the Indian Navy)
* {{sclass|Samarthak|Multi Purpose Vessel|1}}
* {{sclass|L&T|Cadet Training Ship|1}}
* {{sclass|L&T|fast interceptor craft|1}}
* {{sclass|HSL|fleet support ship|1}}
* 5 × High-speed boats (Vietnam)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-09 |title=Rajnath provides Vietnam with 12 high-speed patrol boats |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy/story/rajnath-provides-vietnam-with-12-high-speed-patrol-boats-336916-2022-06-09 |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref>

=== Repair and refits ===

==== Indian Navy ====
In December 2015, [[Larsen & Toubro|L&T]] was chosen by the Russian shipbuilder [[Sevmash]] to be its Indian partner in the second refit project of the [[Sindhughosh-class submarine]]s. While the first of the four Kilo class subs will go to the Russian Zvezdochka shipyard for inspection and refit, the remaining three are to be modernized at the Kattupalli shipyard. The first of the submarines to be modernized at private yard, a first for India, will go in by 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pubby |first=Manu |date=14 July 2018 |title=Upgrading Kilo class submarines: L&T set to partner Russia for Rs 5,000-crore defence deal |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/upgrading-kilo-class-submarines-lt-set-to-partner-russia-for-rs-5000-crore-defence-deal/articleshow/50491411.cms |access-date=6 July 2019 |newspaper=The Economic Times |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=L&T partners with Russia for upgrading Kilo class submarines |url=http://www.businessinsider.in/LT-partners-with-Russia-for-upgrading-Kilo-class-submarines/articleshow/50493746.cms |access-date=2016-02-11 |website=Business Insider |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=L&T shortlisted for 'Kilo' upgrade work |url=http://www.janes.com/article/57175/l-t-shortlisted-for-kilo-upgrade-work |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115083846/http://www.janes.com/article/57175/l-t-shortlisted-for-kilo-upgrade-work |archive-date=15 January 2016 |access-date=2016-02-11 |website=www.janes.com |df=dmy-all}}</ref> In an official letter to the Indian Government, the Russian shipyard has put forward its willingness to work alongside L&T. L&T will play a major role in a planned {{INRConvert|5000|c|lk=on|year=2015}} Kilo-class submarine modernisation plan of the Indian Navy. The shipyard was nominated after it was the only found to be the technically capable facility after a survey of the equipment profile and finances of [[Cochin Shipyard]] and [[Pipavav shipyard|Pipavav Shipyard]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=L&T partners with Russia for upgrading Kilo class submarines {{!}} Business Insider India |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/lt-partners-with-russia-for-upgrading-kilo-class-submarines/articleshow/50493746.cms |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=Business Insider |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Larsen & Toubro (L&T) to modernize Kilo-class submarines in its Kattapulli yard. | Karthik Kakoor |url=https://www.saddahaq.com/larsen-toubro-lt-to-modernize-kiloclass-submarines-in-its-kattapulli-yard |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054946/https://www.saddahaq.com/larsen-toubro-lt-to-modernize-kiloclass-submarines-in-its-kattapulli-yard |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=13 January 2022 |website=www.saddahaq.com}}</ref>

==== US Navy ====
On 7 August 2022, the [[United States Navy]] sent its first ship, [[USNS Charles Drew]] (T-AKE-10), to Kattupalli Shipyard of Larsen & Toubro for an 11-day repair and allied services work.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-08-08 |title=US Navy ship docks in India for the first time for repairs |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/in-a-first-us-naval-ship-charles-drew-arrives-in-indian-shipyard-for-repair/articleshow/93412170.cms |access-date=2024-09-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-07 |title=First ever repair of a US Navy Ship in India; 'Charles Drew'arrives at L&T Kattupalli shipyard, in huge boost to 'Make in India' & 'Aatmanirbharta in Defence' |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1849430 |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref> The repair work was completed on 17 August 2022. This was a result of the U.S.-India 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue in April 2022 where US was represented by [[Secretary of Defense]] [[Lloyd Austin]] and [[United States Secretary of State|U.S. Secretary of State]] [[Antony Blinken]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=U. S. Mission |date=2022-08-17 |title=U.S. Navy's Charles Drew ship successfully completes maintenance in India |url=https://in.usembassy.gov/u-s-navys-charles-drew-ship-successfully-completes-maintenance-in-india/ |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=U.S. Embassy & Consulates in India |language=en-US}}</ref>

The second ship, [[USNS Matthew Perry]] (T-AKE-9), underwent repair and upgrades from 11 to 27 March 2023. After the refit, the ship returned to the [[Indo-Pacific]] theatre for operations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=U. S. Mission |date=2023-03-30 |title=United States Naval Ship Matthew Perry Returns to Indo-Pacific Waters After Voyage Repair in India |url=https://in.usembassy.gov/united-states-naval-ship-matthew-perry-returns-to-indo-pacific-waters-after-voyage-repair-in-india/ |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=U.S. Embassy & Consulates in India |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-28 |title=US Navy Ship Mathew Perry completes repair work at L&T's shipyard near Chennai |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/us-navy-ship-mathew-perry-completes-repair-work-at-lts-shipyard-near-chennai/articleshow/99060355.cms |access-date=2024-09-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-28 |title=U.S. Naval ship Matthew Perry returns to Indo-Pacific waters after repairs in Chennai |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/us-naval-ship-matthew-perry-returns-to-indo-pacific-waters-after-repairs-in-chennai/article66671721.ece |access-date=2024-09-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

On 9 July 2023, the third ship, [[USNS Salvor]] (T-ARS 52), reached Kattupalli Shipyard for "Voyage Repairs".<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=U. S. Mission |date=2023-07-10 |title=United States Navy Ship Salvor Reaches L&T Kattupalli Shipyard for Voyage Repairs |url=https://in.usembassy.gov/united-states-navy-ship-salvor-reaches-lt-kattupalli-shipyard-for-voyage-repairs/ |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=U.S. Embassy & Consulates in India |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-10 |title=U.S. Navy ship Salvor arrives at Kattupalli Port for repairs |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/us-navy-ship-salvor-arrives-at-kattupalli-port-for-repairs/article67063937.ece |access-date=2024-09-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Ritu |date=2023-07-11 |title=Nightmare For China! US Finally Gets Some Military Access To India; Ex-Admiral Bats For Strategic Andaman Islands |url=https://www.eurasiantimes.com/military-access-to-india-ex-admiral-bats-for-strategic-andaman-islands/ |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=Latest Asian, Middle-East, EurAsian, Indian News |language=en-US}}</ref> The time period for the repair is two weeks after which it will again return in November for a 90 day comprehensive repair.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-11 |title=L&T signs master ship repair agreement with US Navy |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/industry-lt-signs-master-ship-repair-agreement-with-us-navy-3164632/ |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2023-07-10 |title=Chennai's L&T shipyard to repair US Navy ships for five years |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/chennais-lt-shipyard-to-repair-us-navy-ships-for-five-years/articleshow/101641264.cms |access-date=2024-09-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

On 10 July 2023, the US Navy signed a Master Ship Repair Agreement (MSRA) with Larsen & Toubro for US Navy's [[Military Sealift Command]] Fleet Support Ships for a period of 5 years. The shipyard has qualified for such repair works by the Indian Navy and Coast Guard as well. This was recorded as a direct outcome of the 2022 U.S.-India 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue. The MSRA is a ‘legally non-binding arrangement’ between the US Navy and private shipbuilding contractors to pre-approve shipyards to repair US naval vessels, according to a report.<ref>{{Cite web |title=L&T Signs Master Ship Repair Agreement with U.S. Navy |url=https://www.larsentoubro.com/pressreleases/2023/2023-07-11-lt-signs-master-ship-repair-agreement-with-us-navy/ |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=www.larsentoubro.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-11 |title=L&T signs ship repairing agreement with US Navy |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/lt-signs-ship-repairing-agreement-with-us-navy/articleshow/101676614.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-09-27 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Deshpande |first=Smruti |date=2023-07-11 |title=Boost to India-US ties: 5-yr deal signed, L&T shipyard is now repair hub for American naval ships |url=https://theprint.in/defence/boost-to-india-us-ties-5-yr-deal-signed-lt-shipyard-is-now-repair-hub-for-american-naval-ships/1664827/ |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> The ships operated by MSC are non-commissioned US Navy “support vessels” with civilian crews bearing the prefix “USNS”. Under the agreement, the US Naval ships of [[United States Seventh Fleet|Seventh Fleet]] or the [[United States Indo-Pacific Command|Indo-Pacific Command]] that are in voyage are to be repaired in India.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=ASSESSING INDIA-US "MASTER SHIP REPAIR AGREEMENTS" (MSRAs) |url=https://maritimeindia.org/assessing-india-us-master-ship-repair-agreements-msras/ |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=maritimeindia.org}}</ref>

==== Royal Navy ====
In March 2024, maintenance of {{ship|RFA|Argus}} and {{ship|RFA|Lyme Bay}} was undertaken at the Kattupalli Shipyard in India. This was the first time that a Royal Navy ship has arrived in an Indian shipyard for maintenance. The ships, escorted by {{HMS|Diamond||6}}, had transited through the [[Red Sea]] to reach India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UK MoD deputes Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA) ships RFA Argus and RFA Lyme Bay for repairs at L&T Shipbuilding's Kattupalli Shipyard |url=https://www.larsentoubro.com/pressreleases/2024-03-28-uk-mod-deputes-royal-fleet-auxiliary-rfa-ships-rfa-argus-and-rfa-lyme-bay-for-repairs-at-lt-shipbuilding-s-kattupalli-shipyard/ |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=www.larsentoubro.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |number=1772661589398765647 |user=NavyLookout |title=@NavyLookout The Littoral Response Group (LRG (South)) @RFAArgus and @RFALymeBay have arrived at the Larsen & Toubro shipyard in Kattupalli 🇮🇳India for maintenance following exercises with the Indian Navy in the Arabian Sea. |date=26 March 2024 |access-date=26 March 2024 |url=https://twitter.com/NavyLookout/status/1772661589398765647?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Etweet}}</ref> Later, in April 2024, LRG(S) participated in [[Maritime Partnership Exercise]] with [[Indian Navy]]'s [[Eastern Fleet (India)|Eastern Fleet]] in the [[Indian Ocean]], including stealth frigate {{INS|Sahyadri}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |date=2024-04-26 |title=Indian Navy Participates in Maritime Partnership Exercise with UK's Littoral Response Group |url=https://theprint.in/world/indian-navy-participates-in-maritime-partnership-exercise-with-uks-littoral-response-group/2058103/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |number=1783506820289724645 |user=SpokespersonNavy |title=#IndianNavy's indigenous stealth frigate #INSSahyadri participated in Maritime Partnership Exercise with UK Littoral Response Group South (LRGS) comprising #RoyalNavy ships @RFAArgus & @RFALymeBay... |date=25 April 2024 |access-date=28 April 2024 |url=https://twitter.com/indiannavy/status/1783506820289724645?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Etweet}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Chennai Port]]
* [[Ennore Port]]
* [[Ports in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101030142333/http://lntecc.com/homepage/develop_ports.htm Larsen & Toubro Limited, Engineering Construction & Contracts Division]

{{Adani Group}}
{{Chennai Topics}}
{{Transport in Chennai}}
{{Portal bar|India|Transport|Engineering}}

[[Category:Companies based in Chennai]]
[[Category:Economy of Chennai]]
[[Category:Shipbuilding companies of India]]
[[Category:Ports and harbours of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:2012 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2012]]
[[Category:Adani Ports]]

Venkatesh Anguraj

2026-02-07T20:04:57Z

Dhwanika Joshi:

{{short description|Indian cinematographer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Venkatesh Anguraj
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = Cinematographer
| years_active = 1999{{endash}}present
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}
'''Venkatesh Anguraj''' is an Indian film [[cinematographer]], known for his work in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Kannada]], and [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] films.
He is known for his frequent collaborations with filmmakers like [[Saran (director)|Saran]], [[A. Venkatesh (director)|A. Venkatesh]], [[Suraj (director)|Suraj]], [[Rishab Shetty]], and [[Santhosh Ananddram]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2021/Mar/29/puneeth-rajkumar-and-i-have-mutual-respect-for-each-other-yuvarathnaa-directorsanthosh-ananddram-23670.html|title=Puneeth Rajkumar and I have mutual respect for each other: Yuvarathnaa director Santhosh Ananddram|first=A.|last=Sharadhaa|date=29 March 2021|website=Cinema Express}}</ref>

==Career==
Venkatesh graduated from the [[Film and Television Institute of India]] (FTII). He started his career by assisting cinematographer R. Raghunatha Reddy on ''[[Duet (1994 film)|Duet]]'', who was then a regular for [[K. Balachander]]. He made his debut in the Tamil film ''[[Amarkkalam]]'' (1999) and appeared in films such as ''[[Gemini (2002 film)|Gemini]]'' (2002).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2016/Jan/16/making-ricky-869483.html|title=Making Ricky|first=A.|last=Sharadhaa|date=16 January 2016|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

Regarding his work in the Kannada film ''[[Ricky (2016 film)|Ricky]]'' (2016), a critic wrote, "Staying true to his subject, cinematographer Venkatesh Anguraj has done a fair job in capturing the natural beauty of the Western Ghats".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/movie-reviews/230116/movie-review-ricky-rishab-shetty-makes-an-impressive-debut.html|title=Movie review 'Ricky': Rishab Shetty makes an impressive debut | Movie review 'Ricky': Rishab Shetty makes an impressive debut|first=Shashiprasad|last=SM|date=23 January 2016|website=www.deccanchronicle.com}}</ref>

==Filmography==
*''Note: he was credited as A. Venkatesh from 1999 to 2014.''
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Film
!Language
!Notes
|-
| 1999
| ''[[Amarkkalam]]''
| rowspan="5" | Tamil
|
|-
| 2000
| ''[[Parthen Rasithen]]''
|
|-
| 2001
| ''[[Paarthale Paravasam]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2002
| ''[[Alli Arjuna]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Gemini (2002 film)|Gemini]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Gemini (2002 Telugu film)|Gemini]]''
| Telugu
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2003
| ''[[Dum (2003 Tamil film)|Dum]]''
| rowspan="16" | Tamil
|
|-
| ''[[Aahaa Ethanai Azhagu]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Jay Jay]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2004
| ''[[Kuthu]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Vasool Raja MBBS]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Attahasam]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Aai (film)|Aai]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2006
| ''[[Idhaya Thirudan]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Parijatham (2006 film)|Parijatham]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Something Something... Unakkum Enakkum]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Vattaram]]''
|
|-
| 2007
| ''[[Machakaaran]]''
|
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Arasangam]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2009
| ''[[Padikkadavan (2009 film)|Padikkadavan]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Malai Malai]]''
|
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Maanja Velu]]''
|
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Ongole Githa]]''
| Telugu
|
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Ennamo Nadakkudhu]]''
| Tamil
|
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Endendigu]]''
| rowspan="2" | Kannada
|<ref>{{cite web|author=Kumar G. S.|title=Endendigu review|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/Endendigu/articleshow/47137485.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|date=3 May 2015|accessdate=12 July 2015}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2016
| ''[[Ricky (2016 film)|Ricky]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Achamindri]]''
| Tamil
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017
| ''[[Raajakumara]]''
| rowspan="2" | Kannada
|
|-
| ''[[Pataki (film)|Pataki]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018
| ''[[Saamy 2]]''
| Tamil
|
|-
| ''[[Sarkari Hi. Pra. Shaale, Kasaragodu, Koduge: Ramanna Rai]]''
| rowspan="3" | Kannada
|
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Katha Sangama (2019 film)|Katha Sangama]]''
|
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Yuvarathnaa]]''
|
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External source==
*{{IMDb name|id=1701176|name=Venkatesh Anguraj}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Venkatesh, A.}}
[[Category:Tamil cinematographers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Kannada film cinematographers]]
[[Category:Telugu film cinematographers]]

{{India-film-bio-stub}}

Athidhi (TV series)

2026-02-05T22:24:23Z

Dhwanika Joshi: General improvements to article content

{{Short description|Indian horror thriller television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Athidhi (TV series).jpg
| caption = Promotional release poster
| genre = [[Thriller film|Horror thriller]]
| creator =
| inspired_by =
| based_on =
| writer = Y. G. Bharath
| screenplay =
| director = Y. G. Bharath
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Venu Thottempudi]]
* [[Avantika Mishra]]
* [[Aditi Gautam]]
}}
| music = Kapil Kumar
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 6 ([[Athidhi (TV series)#Episodes|list of episodes]])
| executive_producer = Rohith Pisapati
| producer = [[Praveen Sattaru]]
| editor = Dharmendra Kakarala
| cinematography = Manojh Reddy Katasani
| runtime = 30 minutes
| company = [[Disney+ Hotstar|Hotstar Specials]]
| network = [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2023|09|19|df=yes}}
| last_aired =
}}
'''''Athidhi ''''' ({{translation|The Guest}}) is an Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Thriller film|horror thriller]] television series written and directed by Y. G. Bharath. Produced by [[Praveen Sattaru]] under the banner of [[Disney+ Hotstar|Hotstar Specials]], it stars [[Venu Thottempudi]], [[Avantika Mishra]] and [[Aditi Gautam]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2023/sep/08/athidhi-trailer-out-47445.html | title=Athidhi Trailer Out | website=[[Cinema Express]] }}</ref> It premiered from 19 September 2023 on [[Disney+ Hotstar]].<ref>{{cite web |date=19 September 2023 |title=Athidhi Web Series Review: A Fully Time Waste Horror Show |url=https://www.cinemadiscovery.com/2023/09/athidhi-web-series-review-fully-time.html }}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Venu Thottempudi]] as Ravi / Raja Ravi Vardana Veera Varma
* [[Avantika Mishra]] as Maya
* [[Aditi Gautam]] as Sandhya
* Venkatesh Kakumanu as Savari, a YouTuber
* [[Ravi Varma (East Godavari actor)|Ravi Varma]] as Prakash
* Bhadram as Raju, Tea seller
* [[Raghu Karumanchi]] as Harsha, a character from one of the two short stories narrated by Ravi
* Keshav Deepak as Music Teacher, a character from one of the two short stories narrated by Ravi

==Episodes==
{{Episode table|background=#000000|overall=|title=|director=|writer=|airdate=|country=India|episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Strange Beauty
|DirectedBy = Y. G. Bharath
|WrittenBy = Y. G. Bharath
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|09|19|df=y}}
| ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Two Short Stories
|DirectedBy = Y. G. Bharath
|WrittenBy = Y. G. Bharath
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|09|19|df=y}}
| ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = The Murder
|DirectedBy = Y. G. Bharath
|WrittenBy = Y. G. Bharath
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|09|19|df=y}}
| ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Back & Forth
|DirectedBy = Y. G. Bharath
|WrittenBy = Y. G. Bharath
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|09|19|df=y}}
| ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Key Factor
|DirectedBy = Y. G. Bharath
|WrittenBy = Y. G. Bharath
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|09|19|df=y}}
| ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Arishadvarga
|DirectedBy = Y. G. Bharath
|WrittenBy = Y. G. Bharath
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|09|19|df=y}}
| ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
}}

== Production ==
In September 2023, the series was announced by [[Disney+ Hotstar]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.telugu360.com/athidhi-a-gripping-thriller-is-streaming-on-disneyhotstar/ | title=Athidhi- A Gripping Thriller is streaming on Disney+Hotstar | date=20 September 2023 }}</ref> Initially [[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]] was the first choice for the role.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/athidhi-this-superstar-was-the-initial-choice-for-the-lead-role.html | title=Athidhi: This superstar was the initial choice for the lead role | date=17 September 2023 }}</ref> Later, [[Venu Thottempudi]], [[Avantika Mishra]] and [[Aditi Gautam]] were signed as the lead.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/athidhi-venu-thottempudi-to-make-his-ott-debut-after-comeback-with-ramarao-on-duty/f01aa567d1951 | title=Athidhi: Venu Thottempudi to make his OTT debut after comeback with Ramarao on Duty }}</ref> The [[principal photography]] of the series commenced in 2022.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ottplay.com/interview/athidhi-actor-venu-thottempudi-im-glad-audiences-want-to-watch-me-again-exclusive/5823821441801 | title=Athidhi actor Venu Thottempudi: I'm glad audiences want to watch me again | Exclusive }}</ref>

== Reception ==
Satya Pulagam of ''[[ABP Group|ABP Desam]]'' awarded the series 2.5/5 stars.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://telugu.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/ott-webseries-ott-web-series-athidhi-2023-review-venu-thottempudi-avanthika-hotstar-specials-117396 | title='అతిథి' రివ్యూ : హీరో వేణు తొట్టెంపూడి నటించిన హారర్ థ్రిల్లర్ సిరీస్ | date=19 September 2023 }}</ref> Chatakonda Krishna Prakash of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' gave the series 2.75/5 stars.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/athidhi-disney-plus-hotstar-horror-web-series-review-121695109888506.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003095155/https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/athidhi-disney-plus-hotstar-horror-web-series-review-121695109888506.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=3 October 2023 | title=Athidhi Series Review: అతిథి వెబ్ సిరీస్ రివ్యూ: ట్విస్టులు ఉన్నాయి.. కానీ: వేణు హర్రర్ సిరీస్ ఎలా ఉందంటే? }}</ref> Srivathsan Nadadhur of ''[[OTTPlay]]'' rated the series 2.5/5 stars.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/athidhi-review-venu-thottempudis-horror-show-preaches-more-thrills-less/2876e8736b411 | title=Athidhi review: Venu Thottempudi's horror show preaches more, thrills less }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Disney+ Hotstar original programming]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/shows/athidhi/1260148763 ''Athidhi''] on [[Disney+ Hotstar]]

{{Portal bar|India|Television}}

[[Category:2023 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian thriller television series]]
[[Category:Telugu-language Disney+ Hotstar original programming]]
[[Category:Telugu-language web series]]
[[Category:2023 web series debuts]]
[[Category:2023 web series endings]]
[[Category:2023 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Indian horror fiction television series]]

List of international cricket centuries by Garfield Sobers

2026-01-30T13:15:33Z

Dhwanika Joshi: expanded page further and updated info

{{Short description|none}}
{{featured list}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}

[[Image:Sir Garry Sobers 2012.jpg|thumb|right|Sobers held the record for the second highest number of centuries in Test cricket at the time of his retirement.<ref name="b'day">{{cite web|title=Gary Sobers: Cricket's greatest genius|url=http://cricket.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/jul/28/slide-show-1-images-sir-garfield-sobbers-great-all-rounder-birthday.htm|work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=20 January 2013|date=28 July 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124043529/http://cricket.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/jul/28/slide-show-1-images-sir-garfield-sobbers-great-all-rounder-birthday.htm|archive-date=24 January 2013}}</ref>|alt=A dark-skinned man wearing a suit, smiles at the camera. A few people are seen at the back]]

[[Sir Garfield Sobers]] (also known as Gary or Garry Sobers) is a former international cricketer who represented the [[West Indies cricket team]] between 1954 and 1974. He scored [[Century (cricket)|centuries]] (100 or more [[Run (cricket)|runs]] in an [[innings]]) on 26 occasions. Widely acknowledged as the "greatest [[all-rounder]]",<ref name="b'day"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Sobers' sporting tales|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/2012132.stm|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|access-date=29 January 2013|date=28 May 2002|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306052722/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/2012132.stm|archive-date=6 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=profile>{{cite web|title=Sir Garry Sobers – profile|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/westindies/content/player/52946.html#profile|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=29 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130142331/http://www.espncricinfo.com/westindies/content/player/52946.html#profile|archive-date=30 January 2013}}</ref> he was described by Australian cricketer [[Don Bradman]] as a "five-in-one cricketer".{{#tag:ref|In addition to batting and fielding, Sobers could bowl three different types of deliveries—left-arm [[Fast bowling|seam]] and [[Swing bowling|swing]], [[slow left-arm orthodox]] and [[Left-arm unorthodox spin|left-arm wrist spin]].<ref>{{cite web|last=S|first=Rajesh|title=An allrounder like no other|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/491636.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2012|date=13 December 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630144145/http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/491636.html|archive-date=30 June 2012}}</ref>|group=N}} In 93 [[Test cricket|Tests]], Sobers scored 8,032 runs{{emdash}}at a [[batting average (cricket)|batting average]] of 57.78{{emdash}}and claimed 235 [[wickets]].<ref name=profile/> He held the record for most runs by a player in Test cricket until 1981.{{#tag:ref|England's [[Geoffrey Boycott]] surpassed his record.<ref name="b'day"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Finlay|first=Ric|title=Record-holders for most number of Test runs|url=http://blogs.espncricinfo.com/itfigures/archives/2008/10/record_holders_for_most_number.php|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 January 2013|date=29 October 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722032321/http://blogs.espncricinfo.com/itfigures/archives/2008/10/record_holders_for_most_number.php|archive-date=22 July 2012}}</ref>|group=N}} Sobers was named one of the five [[Wisden Cricketer of the Year|''Wisden'' Cricketers of the Year]] in 1964, and one of the five [[Wisden Cricketers of the Century|''Wisden'' Cricketers of the Century]] in 2000.<ref>{{cite web|title=How they were chosen, 2000 – Five cricketers of the century|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/153387.html|department=[[Wisden Cricket Monthly|Wisden]]|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=31 December 2012|year=2000|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525095928/http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/153387.html|archive-date=25 May 2011}}</ref> He entered into the [[ICC Cricket Hall of Fame]] when the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC) formally inducted him alongside 55 initial inductees in 2009.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hanif, Imran and Miandad in ICC Hall of Fame|url=http://archives.dawn.com/archives/20838|access-date=31 December 2012|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|location=Pakistan|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104003535/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63113.html|archive-date=4 November 2012}}</ref>

Sobers made his Test debut against [[Pakistan cricket team|Pakistan]] in 1954. He scored his first century (365 [[Not out (cricket)|not out]]) against the same team during the [[Pakistani cricket team in the West Indies in 1957–58|third Test of the 1957–58 home series]]. In the event, he became the youngest player to complete a triple century.<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / Test matches / Batting records / Youngest player to score a triple hundred|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/india/content/records/284141.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 January 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113181255/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/india/content/records/284141.html|archive-date=13 November 2012}}</ref> Sobers' innings remained the highest individual score in Test cricket for 36 years until it was transcended by [[Brian Lara]] in 1994;<ref>{{cite web|title=There it is... for the first time – Lara scales a mountain|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/149597.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 January 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702144133/http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/149597.html|archive-date=2 July 2012}}</ref> the innings, however, remains the highest maiden century for a player in Tests.<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / Test matches / Batting records / Highest maiden hundred|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/230132.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102034233/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/230132.html|archive-date=2 November 2012}}</ref> In the fourth Test of the [[History of cricket in the West Indies from 1945–46 to 1970#Pakistan 1957–58|same series]], Sobers went on to score centuries in both the innings; he ended up scoring 824 runs at an average of 137.33 in the series.<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / Test matches / Batting records / Most runs in a series|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/282849.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218170430/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/282849.html|archive-date=18 February 2017}}</ref> In terms of centuries scored, he was most successful against [[England cricket team|England]] (10 centuries).<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / Test matches / Batting records / Most hundreds against one team|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284160.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 January 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025181529/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284160.html|archive-date=25 October 2012}}</ref> Sobers made scores of 150 or more in a Test match innings on thirteen occasions, and was dismissed five times between scores of 90 and 99.<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / Test matches / Batting records / Most nineties in career|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283010.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=31 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429040154/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283010.html|archive-date=29 April 2012}}</ref> {{As of|2019|3}}, he has the third-highest number of centuries for West Indies in Tests.<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / Test matches / Batting records / Most hundreds in a career|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/227046.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=31 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215215132/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/227046.html|archive-date=15 December 2012}}</ref>

Sobers made his solitary [[One Day International]] (ODI) appearance in a match against England in September 1973;<ref name=odi>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / GS Sobers / One-Day Internationals / Match by match list|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/52946.html?class=2;template=results;type=allround;view=match|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 January 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130215235617/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/52946.html?class=2;template=results;type=allround;view=match|archive-date=15 February 2013}}</ref> he was dismissed for a [[Duck (cricket)|duck]].<ref name=odi/>

== Key ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" border="1"
|+ Key
|-
! scope="col" style="width:75px" | Symbol
! scope="col" style="width:450px" | Meaning
|-
! scope="row" | *
| Remained [[not out]]
|-
! scope="row" | {{dagger}}
| Captained the West Indies cricket team
|-
! scope="row" | Pos.
| Position in the [[Batting order (cricket)|batting order]]
|-
! scope="row" | Inn.
| The [[Innings (cricket)|innings]] of the match
|-
! scope="row" | Test
| The number of the Test match played in that series
|-
! scope="row" | H/A/N
| Venue was at home (West Indies), away or neutral
|-
! scope="row" | Date
| Date the match was held, or the starting date of match for Test matches
|-
! scope="row" | Lost
| The match was lost by West Indies
|-
! scope="row" | Won
| The match was won by West Indies
|-
! scope="row" | Drawn
| The match was [[Result (cricket)#Draw|drawn]]
|-
! scope="row" | Tied
| The match was [[Tied Test|tied]]
|}

== Test cricket centuries ==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="font-size: 100%"
|+ List of Test centuries scored by Garfield Sobers<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / GS Sobers / Test matches / Hundreds|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/52946.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=start;runsmin1=100;runsval1=runs;template=results;type=batting;view=innings|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130122151220/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/52946.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=start;runsmin1=100;runsval1=runs;template=results;type=batting;view=innings|archive-date=22 January 2013}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:30px;"|No.
! scope="col" style="width:50px;"|Score
! scope="col" style="width:130px;"|Against
! scope="col" style="width:30px;"|Pos.
! scope="col" style="width:30px;"|Inn.
! scope="col" style="width:30px;"|Test
! scope="col" style="width:350px;"|Venue
! scope="col" style="width:65px;"|H/A/N
! scope="col" style="width:65px;"|Date
! scope="col" style="width:25px;"|Result
! scope="col" style="width:25px;"|Ref
|-
|| 1
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|3650}} 365*
|| {{cr|PAK}} || 3 || 2 || 3/5 || [[Sabina Park]], [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1958|2|26}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62837.html|title=3rd Test: West Indies v Pakistan at Kingston, Feb 26 – Mar 4, 1958|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415152158/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62837.html|archive-date=15 April 2017}}</ref>
|-
|| 2
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1250}} 125
|| {{cr|PAK}} || 2 || 2 || 4/5 || [[Bourda]], [[Georgetown, Guyana|George Town]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1958|3|13}}1 || Won || <ref name=bourda>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62838.html|title=4th Test: West Indies v Pakistan at Georgetown, Mar 13–19, 1958|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114045834/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62838.html|archive-date=14 November 2012}}</ref>
|-
|| 3
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1090}} 109*
|| {{cr|PAK}} || 3 || 4 || 4/5 || [[Bourda]], [[Georgetown, Guyana|George Town]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1958|3|13}}2 || Won || <ref name=bourda/>
|-
|| 4
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1421}} 142*
|| {{cr|IND}} || 1 || 3 || 1/5 || [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Bombay]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1958|11|28}} || Drawn || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62845.html|title=1st Test: India v West Indies at Mumbai (BS), Nov 28 – Dec 3, 1958|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114115246/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62845.html|archive-date=14 November 2012}}</ref>
|-
|| 5
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1980}} 198
|| {{cr|IND}} || 4 || 3 || 2/5 || [[Green Park Stadium]], [[Kanpur]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1958|12|12}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62846.html|title=2nd Test: India v West Indies at Kanpur, Dec 12–17, 1958|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114153408/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62846.html|archive-date=14 November 2012}}</ref>
|-
|| 6
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1060}} 106*
|| {{cr|IND}} || 6 || 1 || 3/5 || [[Eden Gardens]], [[Calcutta]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1958|12|31}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62847.html|title=3rd Test: India v West Indies at Kolkata, Dec 31, 1958 – Jan 4, 1959|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207151100/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62847.html|archive-date=7 February 2013}}</ref>
|-
|| 7
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|2260}} 226
|| {{cr|ENG}} || 4 || 2 || 1/5 || [[Kensington Oval]], [[Bridgetown]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1960|1|6}} || Drawn || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62873.html|title=1st Test: West Indies v England at Bridgetown, Jan 6–12, 1960|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615180001/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62873.html|archive-date=15 June 2013}}</ref>
|-
|| 8
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1470}} 147
|| {{cr|ENG}} || 4 || 2 || 3/5 || [[Sabina Park]], [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1960|2|17}} || Drawn || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62875.html|title=3rd Test: West Indies v England at Kingston, Feb 17–23, 1960|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104173943/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62875.html|archive-date=4 November 2012}}</ref>
|-
|| 9
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1450}} 145
|| {{cr|ENG}} || 4 || 2 || 4/5 || [[Bourda]], [[Georgetown, Guyana|George Town]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1960|3|9}} || Drawn || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62876.html|title=4th Test: West Indies v England at Georgetown, Mar 9–15, 1960|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123042131/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62876.html|archive-date=23 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
|| 10
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1321}} 132
|| {{cr|AUS}} || 4 || 1 || 1/5 || [[Brisbane Cricket Ground]], [[Brisbane]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1960|12|9}} || Tied || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62888.html|title=1st Test: Australia v West Indies at Brisbane, Dec 9–14, 1960|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308145703/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62888.html|archive-date=8 March 2013}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|As of 2013, this is the first of two occasions where a [[Tied test|Test match ended in a tie]].<ref name=tiedtest>{{cite web|title=The second tied Test|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/142862.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929224326/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/142862.html|archive-date=29 September 2013}}</ref>|group=N}}
|-
|| 11
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1680}} 168
|| {{cr|AUS}} || 4 || 1 || 3/5 || [[Sydney Cricket Ground]], [[Sydney]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1961|1|13}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62890.html|title=3rd Test: Australia v West Indies at Sydney, Jan 13–18, 1961|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118150001/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62890.html|archive-date=18 November 2012}}</ref>
|-
|| 12
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1530}} 153
|| {{cr|IND}} || 5 || 2 || 2/5 || [[Sabina Park]], [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1962|3|7}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62912.html|title=2nd Test: West Indies v India at Kingston, Mar 7–12, 1962|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104004934/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62912.html|archive-date=4 November 2012}}</ref>
|-
|| 13
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1040}} 104
|| {{cr|IND}} || 5 || 1 || 5/5 || [[Sabina Park]], [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1962|4|13}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62915.html|title=5th Test: West Indies v India at Kingston, Apr 13–18, 1962|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711221256/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62915.html|archive-date=11 July 2017}}</ref>
|-
|| 14
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1020}} 102
|| {{cr|ENG}} || 6 || 1 || 4/6 || [[Headingley Cricket Ground|Headingley]], [[Leeds]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1963|7|25}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62932.html|title=4th Test: England v West Indies at Leeds, Jul 25–29, 1963|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104003554/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62932.html|archive-date=4 November 2012}}</ref>
|-
|| 15
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1610}} 161 {{dagger}}
|| {{cr|ENG}} || 6 || 3 || 1/5 || [[Old Trafford Cricket Ground]], [[Manchester]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1966|6|2}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62991.html|title=1st Test: England v West Indies at Manchester, Jun 2–4, 1966|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109121023/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62991.html|archive-date=9 November 2012}}</ref>
|-
|| 16
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1630}} 163* {{dagger}}
|| {{cr|ENG}} || 6 || 1 || 2/5 || [[Lord's Cricket Ground]], [[London]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1966|6|16}} || Drawn || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62992.html|title=2nd Test: England v West Indies at Lord's, Jun 16–21, 1966|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114180939/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62992.html|archive-date=14 November 2012}}</ref>
|-
|| 17
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1740}} 174 {{dagger}}
|| {{cr|ENG}} || 6 || 1 || 4/5 || [[Headingley Cricket Ground|Headingley]], [[Leeds]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1966|8|4}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62994.html|title=4th Test: England v West Indies at Leeds, Aug 4–8, 1966|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150901060238/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62994.html|archive-date=1 September 2015}}</ref>
|-
|| 18
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1130}} 113* {{dagger}}
|| {{cr|ENG}} || 6 || 3 || 2/5 || [[Sabina Park]], [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1968|2|8}} || Drawn || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63015.html|title=2nd Test: West Indies v England at Kingston, Feb 8–14, 1968|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103220507/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63015.html|archive-date=3 November 2012}}</ref>
|-
|| 19
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1520}} 152 {{dagger}}
|| {{cr|ENG}} || 5 || 1 || 1/3 || [[Bourda]], [[Georgetown, Guyana|George Town]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1968|3|28}} || Drawn || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63018.html|title=5th Test: West Indies v England at Georgetown, Mar 28 – Apr 3, 1968|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114065924/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63018.html|archive-date=14 November 2012}}</ref>
|-
|| 20
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1100}} 110 {{dagger}}
|| {{cr|AUS}} || 6 || 1 || 4/5 || [[Adelaide Cricket Ground]], [[Adelaide]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1969|1|24}} || Drawn || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63031.html|title=4th Test: Australia v West Indies at Adelaide, Jan 24–29, 1969|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109100346/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63031.html|archive-date=9 November 2012}}</ref>
|-
|| 21
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1130}} 113 {{dagger}}
|| {{cr|AUS}} || 5 || 4 || 3/5 || [[Sydney Cricket Ground]], [[Sydney]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1969|2|14}} || Lost || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63032.html|title=5th Test: Australia v West Indies at Sydney, Feb 14–20, 1969|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130043634/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63032.html|archive-date=30 November 2012}}</ref>
|-
|| 22
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1080}} 108* {{dagger}}
|| {{cr|IND}} || 5 || 3 || 3/5 || [[Bourda]], [[Georgetown, Guyana|George Town]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1971|3|19}} || Drawn || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63068.html|title=3rd Test: West Indies v India at Georgetown, Mar 19–24, 1971|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104004847/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63068.html|archive-date=4 November 2012}}</ref>
|-
|| 23
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1780}} 178* {{dagger}}
|| {{cr|IND}} || 5 || 1 || 4/5 || [[Kensington Oval]], [[Bridgetown]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1971|4|1}} || Drawn || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63069.html|title=4th Test: West Indies v India at Bridgetown, Apr 1–6, 1971|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103195204/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63069.html|archive-date=3 November 2012}}</ref>
|-
|| 24
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1320}} 132 {{dagger}}
|| {{cr|IND}} || 6 || 2 || 5/5 || [[Queens Park Oval]], [[Port of Spain]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1971|4|13}} || Drawn || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63070.html|title=5th Test: West Indies v India at Port of Spain, Apr 13–19, 1971|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601222836/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63070.html|archive-date=1 June 2013}}</ref>
|-
|| 25
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1420}} 142 {{dagger}}
|| {{cr|NZL}} || 7 || 3 || 3/5 || [[Kensington Oval]], [[Bridgetown]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1972|3|23}} || Drawn || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63081.html|title=3rd Test: West Indies v New Zealand at Bridgetown, Mar 23–28, 1972|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103215837/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63081.html|archive-date=3 November 2012}}</ref>
|-
|| 26
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1500}} 150*
|| {{cr|ENG}} || 6 || 1 || 3/3 || [[Lord's Cricket Ground]], [[London]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1973|8|23}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63113.html|title=3rd Test: England v West Indies at Lord's, Aug 23–27, 1973|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104003535/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63113.html|archive-date=4 November 2012}}</ref>
|}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=N}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{International cricket centuries}}

[[Category:Lists of international cricket centuries by player|Sobers, Garfield]]
[[Category:West Indies cricket-related lists|Sobers]]

Lajwanti Chabra

2026-01-22T03:31:08Z

Dhwanika Joshi: Creating Post

{{Short description|Indian craftsperson}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Lajwanti Chabra
| birth_place = [[Punjab]], [[India]]
| citizenship = Indian
| awards = [[Padma Shri award]]
}}

'''Lajwanti Chhabra''' is an Indian craftsperson known for her contributions in preserving [[Phulkari]], a traditional embroidery art from [[Punjab]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-30 |title=मेरठ:-मिलिए पद्मश्री से सम्मानित पटियाला की लाजवंती से जिन्होंने अपने हुनर से लहराया 50 देशों में परचम |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/meerut-meerut-meet-padma-shri-awardee-from-patialas-lajwanti-who-wowed-with-her-skills-in-50-countries-4160192.html |access-date=2025-04-17 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref> She has played a crucial role in the revival of Phulkari textile form.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rana |first=Priyamvada |date=2024-12-11 |title=Master creation Ki Biradari: Celebrating India's timeless artistry at Dilli Haat |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2024/Dec/11/master-creation-ki-biradari-celebrating-indias-timeless-artistry-at-dilli-haat |access-date=2025-04-17 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> She brought attention to the cultural of Phulkari form and rural women artisans were empowered by her work, which helped them gain recognition and livelihoods.<ref name=":0" /> In 2021, she was awarded the [[Padma Shri|Padma Shri award]] by the [[Government of India]] for her contributions to [[Indian Handicraft Market|Indian handicrafts]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Patiala Phulkari artist Lajwanti weaves success, honoured with Padma Shri |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/phulkari-artist-weaves-success-336142/ |access-date=2025-04-17 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Padma Awards 2020: Check out the winners |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/archives/padma-awards-2020-check-out-the-winners-1048507-1558424#52 |access-date=2025-04-17 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
She was born in Punjab, where she was introduced to embroidery from a young age.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-09-09 |title=Craft Bazaar in Bharat Mandapam: G20 Summit: Padma Shri awardee Lajwanti showcases phulkari |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/craft-bazaar-in-bharat-mandapam-g20-summit-padma-shri-awardee-lajwanti-showcases-phulkari-101694283889542.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604065420/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/craft-bazaar-in-bharat-mandapam-g20-summit-padma-shri-awardee-lajwanti-showcases-phulkari-101694283889542.html |archive-date=2024-06-04 |access-date=2025-04-17 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Phulkari Embroidery |url=https://www.chronicleindia.in/online-magazine/archive-csce-november-2023/phulkari-embroidery |access-date=2025-04-17 |website=Chronicle Publications Pvt. Ltd. |language=en}}</ref> Her community's women taught her Phulkari techniques while she was surrounded by local traditions and storytelling through threadwork.<ref name=":0" />

== Award ==
[[Padma Shri|Padma Shri award]] for her contributions to [[Indian Handicraft Market|Indian handicrafts]].<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chabra, Lajwanti}}
[[Category:Padma Shri Award]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:People from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:21st-century artisans]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Indian artisans]]
[[Category:Living people]]

List of Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for English

2025-12-16T18:20:20Z

Dhwanika Joshi: adding article!

{{Short description|Winners of a literary honour in India}}
{{Sahitya Akademi Awards}}
'''Bal Sahitya Puraskar''' is given each year to writers for their outstanding works in the 24 languages, since 2010.

== Recipients ==
Following is the list of recipients of [[Bal Sahitya Puraskar]] for their works written in [[English language|English]]. The award comprises a cash prize of [[Indian rupee|Rs]]. 50,000 and an engraved copper plaque.<ref name="the quint">{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Bal, Yuva Puraskar for 2018 |url=https://www.thequint.com/hotwire-text/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-yuva-puraskar-for-2018 |website=www.thequint.com |date=2018-06-22 |access-date=1 December 2022}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Author
! Work
! Genre
! class="unsortable" |References
|-
| 2010 || Mini Srinivasan || ''Just A Train Ride Away'' || Novel ||
|-
| 2011 || [[Siddhartha Sarma]] || ''The Grasshopper’s Run'' || Novel ||
|-
| 2012 || [[Ruskin Bond]] || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || ||
|-
| 2013 || [[Anita Nair]] || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || || <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/e-newsletter/October-December_2013_Newsletter.pdf |title=Fourth Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar for 2013 were presented to twenty four writers in Indian languages recognised by the Akademi in a grand function held on 15 November 2013 at Goa State Museum Auditorium, Panaji, Goa |access-date=29 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 2014 || [[Subhadra Sen Gupta]] || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || || <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/e-newsletter/Nov-Dec_2014_NewsLetter.pdf |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar November 2014, Awards Presentation Ceremony |access-date=6 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714091455/http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/e-newsletter/Nov-Dec_2014_NewsLetter.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || Sowmya Rajendran, Niveditha Subramaniam || ''Mayil Will Not Be Quiet!'' || Novel || <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/e-newsletter/sep-dec_2015_NewsLetter.pdf|title=Sahitya Akademi Newsletter|website=www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in|access-date=|archive-date=|page=4-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announced Bal Sahitya Puraskar for the year 2015 |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/sahitya-akademi-announced-bal-sahitya-puraskar-for-the-year-2015-1435216949-1 |website=www.jagranjosh.com |date=25 June 2015 |access-date=13 December 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2016 || [[Rashmi Narzary]] || ''His Share of Sky'' || Stories ||
|-
| 2017 || [[Paro Anand]] || ''Wild Child and other Sorties'' || Short Stories ||
|-
| 2018 || [[Easterine Kire]] || ''Son of the Thundercloud'' || Fables || <ref name="the quint"/>
|-
| 2019 || Devika Cariapa || ''India Through Archaeology: Excavating History'' || History ||
|-
| 2020 || [[Venita Coelho]] || ''Dead As A Dodo'' || Fiction ||
|-
| 2021 || Anita Vachharajani || ''Amrita Sher-gil: Rebel with a paintbrush'' || Biography ||
|-
| 2022 || [[Arshia Sattar]] || ''Mahabharata for Children Fiction'' || Arshia Sattar || <ref>{{cite news |title=मराठी भाषेसाठी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार |url=https://www.adda247.com/mr/jobs/bal-sahitya-puraskar-2022/ |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=www.adda247.com |date=3 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2023 || [[Sudha Murty]] || ''Grandparent's Bag of Stories'' || Stories || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in |access-date=29 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 2024 || Nandini Sengupta || ''The Blue Horse and Other Amazing Animals from Indian History'' || Historical Fiction ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/article68293703.ece |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=www.thehindu.com |date=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/articleshow/111018778.cms |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://theprint.in/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/2132795/ |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=theprint.in |date=15 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || [[Nitin Kushalappa]] || ''[[Dakshin: South Indian Myths and Fables Retold]]'' || Stories || <ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi 2025: Yuva, Bal Sahitya Puraskar Winners Announced |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-yuva-puraskar-for-2025-3591773#google_vignette |access-date=20 June 2025 |work=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar announced for 23 writers, and Bal Puraskar for 24 authors |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sahitya-akademi-yuva-puraskar-announced-for-23-writers-and-bal-puraskar-for-24-authors/article69709654.ece |access-date=20 June 2025 |work=The Hindu |publisher=The Hindu Bureau |date=18 June 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Network |first1=Post News |title=Odia writers Subrat Kumar Senapati, Rajakishore Parhi win Sahitya Akademi Yuva, Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025 - OrissaPOST |url=https://www.orissapost.com/odia-writers-subrat-kumar-senapati-rajakishore-parhi-win-sahitya-akademi-yuva-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2025/ |website=Odisha News, Odisha Latest news, Odisha Daily - OrissaPOST |access-date=20 June 2025 |date=18 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Bal Sahitya, Yuva Puraskar for 2025 (MSN) |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/entertainment/southcinema/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-yuva-puraskar-for-2025/ar-AA1GWRO2 |website=Microsoft News |publisher=MSN |access-date=20 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Bal Sahitya, Yuva Puraskar for 2025 - The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-yuva-puraskar-for-2025/articleshow/121930724.cms?from=mdr |access-date=20 June 2025 |work=m.economictimes.com}}</ref>
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for English]]

== References ==
{{Portal|India|Literature}}

{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* [http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/bal%20sahitya%20samman_suchi.jsp Bal Sahitya Puraskar-Sahitya Akademi India - Official Website]

[[Category:Bal Sahitya Puraskar by language]]
[[Category:Indian literary awards]]
[[Category:Literary awards by language]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian award winners]]

Khatodra

2025-12-09T17:29:44Z

Dhwanika Joshi: Creating A Entry

{{Short description|Village in Mahendragarh, Haryana, India}}{{More citations needed|date=May 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}

'''Khatodra''' is a small village in [[Mahendragarh District]] in [[Haryana]], India.<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Primary Census Abstract Data Tables – India: Final Population Totals |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711042331/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=27 April 2025 |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India}}</ref> It is located 5 km away in south of the city on State Highway ''24''.

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{coord missing|Haryana}}

[[Category:Villages in Mahendragarh district]]

{{Haryana-geo-stub}}

Centre for Economic and Social Studies

2025-11-27T16:55:25Z

Dhwanika Joshi: created the stub initial version

{{Short description|Indian research institute}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Centre for Economic and Social Studies (CESS)
| image = [[File:Centre for Economic and Social Studies 2024.jpg|200px]]
| type = Institution for Advanced Research
| established = {{start date and age|1980}}
| chairman = Dilip M. Nachane
| director = E. Revathi
| students = ~100
| city = [[Hyderabad]]
| state = [[Telangana]]
| country = [[India]]
| campus_type = Urban
| website = https://cess.ac.in/
}}

'''The Centre for Economic and Social Studies''' ('''CESS''') is an Indian autonomous [[research institute]], established in 1980 to facilitate research activity in [[Economics]] and [[Social Sciences]]. It is one of the twenty-four 'Research institutions of all-India character' recognised by the [[Indian Council of Social Science Research]]. It was a brainchild of B. P. R. Vithal, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] (Retd)., a former Principal Secretary to the Finance and Planning Department of [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]. The campus is situated at [[Begumpet]], in [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]].

The centre celebrated its silver jubilee in 2006 with special silver jubilee seminar inaugurated by the then Prime Minister, [[Dr. Manmohan Singh]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Telangana: new investment favoured? |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/08/stories/2006010816850100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060110200357/http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/08/stories/2006010816850100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2006 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=8 January 2006 }}</ref> One of its founder members, Prof. [[C. H. Hanumantha Rao]] was nominated to the [[National Advisory Council]] (NAC) in 2005.<ref>{{cite news |title=NAC reconstituted |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/06/04/stories/2005060404461200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060301014639/http://www.hindu.com/2005/06/04/stories/2005060404461200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 March 2006 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=4 June 2005 }}</ref>

== Activities ==

=== Research ===
This institute conducts research in the fields of rural development and poverty, agriculture and food security, irrigation and water management, public finance, demographics, health, and the environment. It also undertakes research projects sponsored by the State and Central governments, as well as international agencies like [[World Bank]], [[Department for International Development|Department For International Development (DFID)]], [[Ford Foundation]], [[European Community]], [[Rockefeller Foundation]] and [[Asian Development Bank]]. Conducting interdisciplinary research in analytical and applied areas of social sciences, encompassing socio-economic and other aspects of development, constitutes the predominant activities of the centre.{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}}

=== Academic ===
The Centre (CESS) offers a full-time [[PhD]] Programme in [[Development studies|Development Studies]] in collaboration with [[Telangana University]] in the following disciplines/subjects:

# Economics
# Sociology/Anthropology/Social Work
# Geography
# Public Administration/Political Science
# Statistics (with specialisation in Econometrics)
# Commerce & Business Management

The M.Phil Programme was started in 1986, and the Ph.D. programme was started in 1991.{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}} The institute also offers a part-time doctoral programme that enables the faculty of colleges, research organisations, NGOs, etc., to undertake research in areas of interest without taking a long leave from their regular jobs. The policy guidance for this Programme is framed by a Research Programme Committee (RPC) comprising subject experts from several academic institutes in Hyderabad. As of 2022, 78 candidates have been awarded Ph.D Degrees and M.Phil Degrees have been awarded to 101 candidates.

== Other facilities ==
The Centre is equipped with advanced computer system and networking facilities and Video Conferencing Equipment. The Cartography Cell attached to the Centre, completed several cartographic studies, viz. "Spatial Framework for Planning and Development Administration", "Godavari Valley Development Plan", "Shore Area Perspective Plan", "Medak District Planning Atlas", "Tribal Development Atlas of Andhra Pradesh", "Geo-thermal Atlas of Rajasthan", "Geo-tectonic Map of India", etc. The Centre has four conference halls with excellent acoustic and projection facilities which can be used for official meetings and seminars where parallel sessions can be conducted. The new Auditorium was Inaugurated by the Hon'ble Prime Minister of India Dr. Manmohan Singh in January, 2006.{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}}

The premises also houses the [[Nizamia observatory]]<ref name="Hindu 1">{{cite news|last1=Lasania|first1=Yunus L|title=Nizamiah Observatory falls into disuse|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/nizamiah-observatory-falls-into-disuse/article6109834.ece|accessdate=8 September 2014|newspaper=The Hindu|date=13 June 2014}}</ref> operated by the [[Osmania University]].

== Governance ==
The centre is governed by a Board of Governors consisting of eminent Professors in Economics, Scholars and personalities, besides Principal Secretaries to [[Government of Telangana]], Finance and Planning Departments and representative(s) of Indian Council of Social Science Research.

== Funding ==
The Institute gets grant in aid from the Government of Andhra Pradesh and [[Indian Council of Social Science Research|The Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR)]] (Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India. Besides, it generates funds for the Projects that are assigned by various institutions and agencies.{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}}

== Publications ==
* ''Political Economy of Watershed Management'', by V. Ratna Reddy M. Gopinath Reddy and John Soussan (2010).
* ''Biotechnology in Indian Agriculture: Potential, Performance and Concerns'', by N. Chandrasekhara Rao, S. Mahendra Dev (2010) .
* ''Water Security and Management: Ecological Imperative and Policy Options'', by V. Ratna ReddyBold text (2009).
* ''India Perspectives on Equitable Development'', by S. Mahendra Dev and N. Chandrasekhara Rao (2009).
* ''Human Development in Andhra Pradesh: Experiences – Issues and Challenges'', by S. Mahendra Dev, C. Ravi and M. Venkatnarayana(2009).
* ''High-Tech Urban Spaces: Asian and European Perspective'', by Ramachandraiah C, Guus Westen and Sheela Prasad (2008).
* ''India: Some Aspects of Economic and Social Development'', by S. Mahendra Dev and K.S. Babu (2008).
* ''India’s Development: Social and Economic Disparities'', by S. Mahendra Dev and K.S. Babu (2008).
* ''Inclusive Growth in India: Agriculture, Poverty and Human Development'', by S. Mahendra Dev (2007).
* ''Managing Water Resources: Politics, Institutions and Technologies'', by V. Ratna Reddy and S. Mahendra Dev (2006).
* ''Towards a Food Secure India: Issues and Policies'', by S. Mahendra Dev, K. P. Kannan and Mira Ramachandran (2003).
* ''Andhra Pradesh Development: Economic Reforms and Challenges Ahead'', by Ch. Hanumantha Rao and S. Mahendra Dev (2003).
* ''The Gadgil Formula: For Allocation of Central Assistance for State Plans'', by B.P.R. Vithal, and M.L.Sastry(2002).

== Recognition ==
Its activities are expanded beyond the state of Andhra Pradesh and cover other areas of the country. The Centre is recognized as an institute for advanced research in social sciences by the [[University of Hyderabad]] and [[Osmania University]]. The [[Indian Council of Social Science Research]] (ICSSR) (Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India), in appreciation of its role in promotion of research and training, recognized this centre as a national institute in the year 1986 and included the Centre in its network of institutions.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.cess.ac.in/ Centre for Economic and Social Studies, Official website]{{cbignore}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Research institutes in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1980]]
[[Category:Social science research institutes]]
[[Category:Economics schools in India]]
[[Category:Economic research institutes]]
[[Category:1980 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]

Lokesh Ghosh

2025-11-15T23:40:23Z

Dhwanika Joshi: cleanup

{{short description|Bengali film actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{infobox person
| name = Lokesh Ghosh
| image =
| image size =
| alt =
| caption =
| known_for = Loafer (1997) [[Asol Nakol]] (1998) [[Naach Nagini Naach Re]] (1996)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/lokesh-ghosh-movies-list-popular/7596|title=Top movies of Lokesh Ghosh|work=gomolo.com|accessdate=2015-09-01|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924055021/http://www.gomolo.com/lokesh-ghosh-movies-list-popular/7596|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| spouse = [[Chumki Chowdhury]] (Divorced)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-14 |title=মদ্যপ অবস্থায় পরিচালক অঞ্জন চৌধুরীর মেয়ে চুমকি চৌধুরীর গায়ে হাত তুলেছিলেন জনপ্রিয় অভিনেতা লোকেশ ঘোষ, নিজের ভুলেই কেরিয়ার শেষ হয়ে যায় এই সুপারস্টার অভিনেতার |url=https://www.kolkatajournal.com/story/popular-actor-lokesh-ghosh-laid-hands-on-director-anjan-chowdhurys-daughter-chumki-chowdhury-while-intoxicated-shocking-information-came-up-11274 |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=Kolkata Journal |language=en-US}}</ref>
| native_name = লোকেশ ঘোষ
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| native_name_lang = bn
| years_active =
| occupation = Actor<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrint_TOINEW&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOIKM/2010/03/21&ID=Pc02708|title=BAPPIDA KA PYAAR|work=the times of india|accessdate=2015-09-01}}{{dead link|date=April 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.in.com/search?section=TV&q=Lokesh+Ghosh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924050158/http://www.in.com/search?section=TV&q=Lokesh+Ghosh|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-09-24|title=Lokesh Ghosh|work=in.com|accessdate=2015-09-01}}</ref>
}}

'''Lokesh Ghosh''' is an Indian [[Bengali people|Bengali]] actor who is known for his work in Bengali cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-27 |title=ফ্ল্যাটে ডেকে এনে মত্ত অবস্থায় মহিলাকে মারধরের অভিযোগ লোকেশ ঘোষের বিরুদ্ধে |url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/entertainment/gossip-tollywood-actor-lokesh-ghosh-accused-of-molestation-and-assault-a-woman-evading-police-ah-348994.html |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=News18 Bengali |language=bn}}</ref> Ghosh was born and brought up in [[Mumbai]]. He began his acting career doing small roles in [[Bollywood]]. Ghosh got his break through in the Bengali film industry with [[Anjan Choudhury]]'s 1996 political drama [[Mukhyamantri (film)|Mukhyamantri]], where he played the role of Ashok, the momentarily spoilt son of the protagonist Bimal Chowdhury ([[Ranjit Mallick]]). He was simultaneously cast in Choudhury's other venture of the year ''Nach Nagini Nach Re'' where he played the role of Rajat opposite Anjan Choudhury's daughter [[Chumki Chowdhury]]. With the massive success of both films, Ghosh became a frequent face in Choudhury's movies like ''Boro Bou'' (1997), ''Sriman Bhootnath'' (1997), [[Jibon Niye Khela|Jiban Niye Khela]] (1999), ''Gunda'' (1999), ''Rakhi Purnima'' (2001) and so on. Remaining under Choudhury's wing, he featured in a number of successful collaborations with director [[Bablu Samaddar]]; like, [[Loafer (1996 film)|Loafer]] (1996) ''Asol Nokol'' (1998) and ''Neoti'' (1999). Around early 2000s, Ghosh appeared in a number of films directed by [[Swapan Saha]] like ''Sneher Pratidan'' (2003), [[Sabuj Saathi]] (2003) and [[Kartabya]] (2003), most of which starred [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] in the lead.

==Personal life==

Lokesh Ghosh was born to Producer [[Debesh Ghosh]] and actress Ranjana Bannerjee.<ref>{{Citation |title='বাবার কোটি কোটি টাকার সম্পত্তি দিদি কৌশলে নিজের নামে লিখিয়ে নিয়েছিল! আমি এক পয়সাও পাইনি!' – Lokesh |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uUD4PC8chPY |access-date=2024-03-14 |language=en}}</ref> His father was a big name in both Bengali and Hindi film industries and worked with a number of big names like Amitabh Bachhan, Uttam Kumar, Rekha, Sharmila Tagore and Sanjeev Kumar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Debesh Ghosh – Biography |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0315886/bio/ |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref> His mother is known for her notable contributions in Bengali films like ''Headmaster'', [[Atal Jaler Ahwan]] and [[Hansuli Banker Upakatha (film)|Hansuli Banker Upakatha]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ranjana Bannerjee {{!}} Actress |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1531057/ |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref> Ghosh studied in [[St. Paul's School, Darjeeling|St. Paul's School]], Darjeeling and [[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata|St. Xavier's College]], Kolkata, following which he travelled to [[Mumbai]] where he began his early ventures in the field of acting.

Lokesh Ghosh married his co-star [[Chumki Chowdhury]] with whom he has a daughter. However, the couple divorced around 2001. The reason of their divorce is rumoured to be Ghosh' rampant behaviour and addiction to alcohol.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-14 |title=মদ্যপ অবস্থায় পরিচালক অঞ্জন চৌধুরীর মেয়ে চুমকি চৌধুরীর গায়ে হাত তুলেছিলেন জনপ্রিয় অভিনেতা লোকেশ ঘোষ, নিজের ভুলেই কেরিয়ার শেষ হয়ে যায় এই সুপারস্টার অভিনেতার |url=https://www.kolkatajournal.com/story/popular-actor-lokesh-ghosh-laid-hands-on-director-anjan-chowdhurys-daughter-chumki-chowdhury-while-intoxicated-shocking-information-came-up-11274 |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=Kolkata Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> Ghosh' career went downhill with the separation, thus, detaching him from the ventures of his father-in-law [[Anjan Choudhury]]. With his father's death in 2004, Ghosh travelled to Mumbai and dissociated himself from the industry for a significant amount of time. In his interview with ''Tolly Time'' in 2023, Ghosh blamed his own impulsive decisions and unexpected betrayals as the reason for his current inconvenience and his gradual detachment from the film industry.<ref>{{Citation |title='বাবার কোটি কোটি টাকার সম্পত্তি দিদি কৌশলে নিজের নামে লিখিয়ে নিয়েছিল! আমি এক পয়সাও পাইনি!' – Lokesh |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uUD4PC8chPY |access-date=2024-03-14 |language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Film
!Year of Release!! Character !! Director
|-
|[[Mukhyamantri (film)|''Mukhyamantri'']]
|1996|| Ashok Chowdhury || [[Anjan Choudhury]]
|-
| ''Naach Nagini Naach Re''
|1996|| Rajat || [[Anjan Choudhury]]
|-
| ''Sreeman Bhootnath''
|1997|| Loknath || Anjan Choudhury
|-
|''Matribhumi''
|1997
|Manab
|Milan Bhowmik
|-
|[[Loafer (1996 film)|''Loafer'']]
|1997
|Bikram
|Bablu Samaddar
|-
|''Baro Bou''
|1997
|Atanu
|Subhash Sen
|-
|''[[Banglar Badhu]]''
|1998
|Dr. Deepak Gupta
|[[Anup Sengupta]]
|-
|''[[Asol Nakol]]''
|1998
|Kalidas/Mohan Singh
|Bablu Samaddar
|-
|''[[Jibon Niye Khela]]''
|1999
|Runu Chakraborty
|[[Anjan Choudhury]]
|-
|''Gunda''
|1999
|Tapan
|[[Anjan Choudhury]]
|-
|''[[Gariber Samman]]''
|1999
|Shubhro (cameo)
|[[Swapan Saha]]
|-
|''Neyoti''
|1999
|Sashinath
|Bablu Samaddar
|-
|''Mastan Raja''
|1999
|Sangram
|[[Uttam Akash]]
|-
|''Krishna Kaberi''
|1999
|Kyebla
|Pransanta Nanda
|-
|''Rupashi Dohai Tomar''
|2000
|Arjun
|[[Pallab Ghosh]]
|-
|''Gariber Sansar''
|2000
|
|[[Swapan Saha]]
|-
|''Bidhatar Khela''
|2001
|Surjo
|Mohonji Prasad
|-
|''Shesh Bichar''
|2001
|
|[[Sukhen Das]]
|-
|''Rakhi Purnina''
|2001
|Abhijit
|[[Anjan Choudhury]]
|-
|''Prem Shakti''
|2002
|Kunal
|Mohanji Prasad
|-
|''Pratihinsa''
|2002
|
|Mohanji Prasad
|-
|''[[Inquilaab (2002 film)|Inquilaab]]''
|2002
|
|[[Anup Sengupta]]
|-
|''Shukh Dukkher Sansar''
|2003
|Subroto Bose
|[[Swapan Saha]]
|-
|''Sneher Pratidan''
|2003
|Pradeep
|[[Swapan Saha|Sawapan Saha]]
|-
|[[Sabuj Saathi|''Sabuj Sathi'']]
|2003
|Bikash Chowdhury
|''[[Swapan Saha]]''
|-
|''[[Kartabya]]''
|2003
|Apu
|[[Swapan Saha]]
|-
|[[Sajani (2004 film)|''Sajani'']]
|2004
|Gobindo
|[[Swapan Saha]]
|-
|''[[Barood (Mithun Chakraborty film)|Barood]]''
|2004
|
|T.L.V. Prasad
|-
|[[Dadar Adesh|''Dadar Aadesh'']]
|2005
|Kartik Ghosh
|[[Anup Sengupta]]
|-
|''Satyameva Jayate''
|2008
|Vinayak's friend
|Ashok Kumar Bed
|-
|''[[Trishna (2009 film)|Trishna]]''
|2009
|S.P. Subir Chatterjee
|Pritam Jalan
|-
|''Mejobabu''
|2009
|Babla
|Tutul Bannerjee
|-
|''Bhalobasa Jug Jug Jio''
|2009
|
|Dibakar Mandal
|-
|''Balidaan''
|2010
|Rahul's elder brother
|Tutul Banerjee
|-
|''Bejanma''
|2010
|Anando/Debu
|Aashish Mitra
|-
|''Panch Kayedi''
|2022
|A cop
|Tutul Banerjee
|}

== Television ==
* ''[[Mama Bhagne (TV series)|Mama Bhagne]]''

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|3372506}}
* [http://www.gomolo.com/about-lokesh-ghosh/7596 Lokesh Ghosh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304210554/http://www.gomolo.com/about-lokesh-ghosh/7596 |date=4 March 2016 }} in Gomolo

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghosh, Lokesh}}
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors in Bengali cinema]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Surender Diler

2025-11-12T07:37:16Z

Dhwanika Joshi: Starting A Details...

{{short description|Indian Politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Surender Diler
| office = Member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Khair Assembly constituency|Khair]]
| predecessor = [[Anoop Pradhan]]
| term_start = 23 November 2024
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| profession = Politician
}}
'''Surender Diler''' is an Indian politician who is a member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]. In the election of 2024 his winning margin was 3,8393 in the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] Assembly for the [[Khair Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=कौशिक |first=अंकुल |date=23 November 2024 |title=यूपी की खैर सीट पर बीजेपी की जीत, दादा और पिता की बादशाहत सुरेंद्र दिलेर ने रखी कायम |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/up-uk/khair-bypoll-result-2024-bjp-candidate-surendra-diler-win-samajwadi-party-charu-kain-defeated-2829111 |access-date=23 November 2024 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Khair Assembly Election Results 2024: Khair Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/uttar-pradesh/khair-constituency-result-9071 |access-date=23 November 2024 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2024 |title=Khair (Uttar Pradesh) Bye-Election Results 2024 Live: Winner, Runner-up |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/khair-uttar-pradesh-by-election-results-2024-winner-runner-up-candidates-9683663/ |access-date=23 November 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Diler, Surender}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]

{{UttarPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}

Kodayar River

2025-09-08T08:35:18Z

Dhwanika Joshi: Creating New Location

{{Short description|River in Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Sources exist|date=October 2024}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
'''Kodayar''' is a river in the [[Kanyakumari district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]] state, India, which originates from the Kodayar Lake.{{Citation needed|date=June 2025}} The vaavubhali festival is held on the river.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Franco |first1=Merlin F. |last2=Robin |first2=D. T. Rose |title=Vaavubhali, a Traditional Festival for Remembering Ancestors |journal=Ethnobotany Research and Applications |date=2011 |volume=9 |pages=115–128 |doi=10.17348/era.9.0.115-128 |url=https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:u75tB-Z5MJoJ:scholar.google.com/+%22Kodayar+River%22&hl=en&as_sdt=0,33 |access-date=1 June 2025|doi-access=free }}</ref>

{{coord|8.3424|77.2516|format=dms|type:river_region:IN|display=title}}
==References==

{{reflist}}
[[Category:Kanyakumari district]]
[[Category:Rivers of Tamil Nadu]]

{{Kanniyakumari-geo-stub}}

Marem

2025-08-18T16:39:28Z

Dhwanika Joshi: fixed issues

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Marem
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Manipur#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Manipur, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.307|N|94.451|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Manipur]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ukhrul district|Ukhrul]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 1663
| population_total = 750
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tangkhul Naga language|Tangkhul]] (Marem Tui)
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 795142
| registration_plate = MN
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Ukhrul]] [[Kohima]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank2_info_sec1 = 88.32%
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = Outer Manipur
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Chingai]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Marem''' is a village located north of [[Ukhrul]] in Ukhrul district, [[Manipur]] state, India. The village is approximately 48 kilometers from Ukhrul. National Highway 150 [[Imphal]]-[[Kohima]] via [[Jessami]] passes through the village. The village is often in the news for the deplorable condition of the National Highway stretch that passes through the village land.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} Marem is one of the villages that used to make indigenous salt from salt springs and supply to other Tangkhul villages before the advent of common salt.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} The village is flanked by [[Peh]] in the west, [[Chingai]] in the east, [[Ngahui]] and [[Kalhang]] in the south and [[Chingjaroi]] and [[Namrei]] in the north. Locally inhabitants speak Marem dialect which belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family.

==Total population==
According to 2011 census,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/270372-marem-manipur.html|title=Marem population|publisher=Census 2011|accessdate=2015-09-15 }}</ref> Marem has 89 households with the total of 327 people of which 157 are male and 170 are female. Of the total population, 61 were in the age group of 0–6 years. The average sex ratio of Marem village is 1083 female to 1000 male which is higher than the state average of 985. The literacy rate of the village stands at 79.32%. Male literacy rate stands at 87.60% while female literacy rate was 71.53%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukhrul.nic.in/cit/Chingai-Jan/Marem%20Village1.pdf|title=SSA Work at Marem|publisher=NIC|accessdate=2015-09-15 }}</ref>

==People and occupation==
The village is home to people of Tangkhul Naga tribe. The inhabitants of Marem are Christians and agriculture is the primary occupation. The village is well known in the district for its scenery and the various talent of the people.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=26..120415.apr15|title=Talents of Marem|publisher=E-Pao|accessdate=2015-09-15 }}</ref>{{fv|date=August 2025}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Ukhrul district]]

Dharavi Island

2025-08-11T05:46:10Z

Dhwanika Joshi:

{{Short description|Island within the city of Mumbai, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
'''Dharavi Island''' (also known as '''Dharavi Bhet''') is an island situated at the mouth of [[Vasai Creek]] on the western side of [[Salsette Island]], within the city of [[Mumbai]], India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dharavi |url=https://gazetteers.maharashtra.gov.in/cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Thana%20District/places_Dharavi.html |website=Maharashtra.gov.in |publisher=Maharashtra Gazetteers}}</ref> Dharavi Island comprises six villages, [[Dongri]], [[Uttan]], Pali, Chowk, [[Gorai]], and [[Manori]].<ref name="midday">{{cite news |last1=Ramos |first1=Dalreen |title=The other Dharavi you didn't know of |url=https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai-guide/things-to-do/article/the-other-dharavi-you-didnt-know-of-19775152 |publisher=[[Mid Day]] |date=6 September 2018}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:IslandsofBombay1893.jpg|thumb|right| 1893 Map of [[Salsette Island]] showing Dharavi Island at top Left corner]]
Dharavi Island is located on the western side of Salsette, situated at the mouth of the [[Vasai Creek|Bassein creek]]. The island is named after the Dharavi Devi Mandir, a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to Dharavi, one of the deities in Hinduism.<ref>{{cite news |title=भाईंदरच्या तारोडी गावातील धारावी देवी |url=https://www.lokmat.com/thane/dharavi-devi-tarodi-village-bhayander/ |publisher=[[Lokmat]] |date=8 October 2019 |language=Marathi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Thakur |first1=Mayur |title=भाईंदरच्या तारोडी परिसरातील सुप्रसिद्ध धारावी देवी |url=http://www.loksatta.com/lokutsav/well-known-dharavi-devi-of-tarodi-area-of-bhayander-mrj-95-3993984/ |publisher=[[Lokmat]] |date=18 October 2023 |language=Marathi}}</ref> The word, Dharavi translates to loose mud in [[Tamil language]]. There, confusion often arises between Dharavi Island and [[Dharavi]], a residential slum area of Mumbai.<ref name="midday"/>

Dharavi Island is also home to the [[Bombay East Indians|East Indian community]], who are considered the original residents of [[Mumbai|Bombay]], tracing their roots back to places like the [[Isle of Bombay]], [[Thane]], [[Salsette Island|Salsette]], and [[Vasai|Bassein]] (now [[Vasai]]). In the 15th and 16th centuries, Portuguese missionaries converted locals to [[Roman Catholicism]], particularly among farming, fishing, and salt-making communities.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gadge |first1=Kasturi |title=Go island hopping with original inhabitants of Mumbai |url=https://www.mid-day.com/sunday-mid-day/article/go-island-hopping-with-original-inhabitants-of-mumbai-21694728 |publisher=[[Mid Day]] |date=8 September 2019}}</ref>
== Culture ==
Kulvem Village in [[Gorai]] retains much of its traditional ambience. The [[Bombay East Indians|East Indians]] are mainly engaged in agriculture, and live in century-old homes with [[Mangalore tiles|Mangalorean tiled]] roofs, wooden balconies, and spacious kitchens equipped with backdoors for livestock like pigs.<ref name="midday"/>

In Uttan, the East Indian Museum, founded by the Mogai Gauthan Panchayat, displays artefacts like the 'Puraan', a [[Bible]] from 17th-century, written in the [[East Indian language]] using the [[Roman script]].<ref name="midday"/>

There are many religious places on the island, like Our Lady of the Sea Church in [[Uttan]], which was built around 1664, and the over 400-year-old Our Lady of Bethlehem Church.<ref name="Rangan">{{cite news |last1=Datta |first1=Rangan |title=Who are the East Indians of India's western coast and what is their Portuguese link |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/people/who-are-the-east-indians-of-indias-western-coast-and-what-is-their-portuguese-link/cid/2042814 | date=22 August 2024 |agency=My Kolkata |newspaper=The Telegraph | accessdate=9 June 2025}}</ref>
The remnants of Infant Jesus Church, which was destroyed after the Maratha invasion in 1739, are visible from Vairala Tank.<ref name="midday"/><ref>{{cite book |author1=James Burgess |author2=Henry Cousens |author1-link=James Burgess (archaeologist)|author2-link=Henry Cousens |title=Revised Lists of Antiquarian Remains in the Bombay Presidency |date=1897 |publisher=Printed at the Government central Press |page=110 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H2ZBAQAAIAAJ&dq=Dharavi+Island&pg=PA110 |quote=Dharavi Island, on the west of Silsette, at the mouth of the Bassein Creek, has, on a ridge of bill, the ruins of a large Portuguese church and the remains of a fort with a tank.}}</ref>

These villages of Dharavi Island are primarily inhabited by marginalized communities, including the [[Kolis]], the [[Kunbi|Kunbis]], and the [[Bhandaris]].<ref name=sca/>

== Economy ==
[[File:Women at work in Uttan - Velankanni Beach.jpg|thumb|Women working in [[Uttan]], Velankanni Beach of Dharavi Island ]]
Women's groups on Dharavi Island engage in various activities, including preparing fish and vegetable pickles, crafting bottle masalas, and making rice handbreads. They also run catering services, make candles, and participate in other Income Generation Programs (IGPs). These groups receive ongoing training to improve product quality and marketing abilities.<ref name=sca>{{cite web |title=Dharavi Island |url=https://csamumbai.in/where_we_work/dharavi-island/ |publisher=Centre for Social Action |date=2024}}</ref>
== Archaeology ==
In the archaeological discoveries of Dharavi Island, two Gadhegals or [[Donkey stone|donkey stones]] from the 12th century were found, depicting a donkey engaged in intercourse with a woman. Over generations, villagers have held these stones in reverence. In 2012, archaeologists interpreted these stones as declarations of land grants, warning of severe punishment for trespassers.<ref name="midday"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sunavala |first1=Nergish |title='Ass curse' on boundary stones is the subject of new research of Mumbai University |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/ass-curse-on-boundary-stones-is-the-subject-of-new-research-of-mumbai-university/articleshow/51097635.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=25 February 2016}}</ref>
== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Vegetable vendors on the Gorai beach.JPG|Vegetable vendors on the [[Gorai Beach|Gorai beach]]
File:Dongri Fort 2.jpg|[[Dongri Fort]], locally known as the Janjire Dhavari Fort at Dharavi Island
File:Gorai Beach ,Uttan .jpg|Gorai Beach
Fishermen in Uttan.jpg|Fishermen
File:Velankanni Church, Uttan.jpg|Velankanni Church, Uttan
File:Fish Sorting Velenkani Beach, Uttan 4.jpg|Fish Sorting, Velenkani Beach, Uttan
File:Uttan village2.jpg|Fish market in Uttan
Church of Our Lady of Bethlehem 2.jpg|Church of Our Lady of Bethlehem
</gallery>

==See also==
{{portal|Islands}}
* [[Dongri Fort]]
* [[Gorai]]
* [[Manori]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|19|15|N|72|48|E|display=title|region:IN_type:isle_source:GNS-enwiki}}

[[Category:Islands of Mumbai]]
[[Category:Islands of India]]
[[Category:Portuguese forts in India]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Villages in Mumbai Suburban district]]
[[Category:Islands of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Populated places in India]]

Saltore

2025-08-05T10:24:47Z

Dhwanika Joshi: revised

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Saltore
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Census Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.6800|N|86.8089|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Purulia district|Purulia]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 4.4111
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 5094
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 723121
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]] code
| area_code = 03251
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Bankura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bankura]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Raghunathpur, Purulia (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Raghunathpur]]
| website = {{URL|purulia.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Saltore''' (also spelled Saltor) is a [[census town]] and a [[gram panchayat]] in the [[Neturia (community development block)|Neturia]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Raghunathpur subdivision]] of the [[Purulia district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=450| height=300| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|23|35|0|N|86|41|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Places in Raghunathpur subdivision in Purulia district''' M: municipal town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical/ religious centre, T: tourist centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|36|0|N|86|28|19|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Santaldih| numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Santaldih]] (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|35|5|N|86|28|34|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2=Kanki| numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[Kanki, Purulia]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|32|50|N|86|31|5|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3=Dubra| numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Dubra, Purulia]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|29|52|N|86|33|43|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4=Chapari| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Chapari]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|28|56|N|86|31|32|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5=Shankara| numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[Shankara, Purulia]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|37|12|N|86|28|19|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6=Nabagram| numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Nabagram, Purulia]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|40|48|N|86|48|15|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7=Saltore| numbered7=CT| mark-title7= Saltore (CT)|shape-color7=black| label-size7=13|label-color7=black 
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|40|30|N|86|49|10|E}} | label-pos8=top|label8=Hijuli| numbered8=CT| mark-title8= [[Hijuli]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|40|26|N|86|50|15|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9=Parbelia| numbered9=CT| mark-title9= [[Parbelia]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|38|18|N|86|38|16|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10=Achkoda| numbered10=H| mark-title10= [[Achkoda]] (H) |shape-color10=#AA6666
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|28|48|N|86|33|37|E}} | label-pos11= right|label11=Anara| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Anara, Purulia]] (R) |shape-color11=#C42222
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|37|1|N|86|33|10|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12=Cheliyama| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Cheliyama]] (R) |shape-color12=#C42222
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|35|40|N|86|45|31|E}} | label-pos13=left|label13=Gobag| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Gobag]] (R) |shape-color13=#C42222
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|31|17|N|86|27|5|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14=Haraktor| numbered14=H| mark-title14= [[Haraktor]] (H) |shape-color14=#AA6666
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|36|29|N|86|47|57|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15=Harmadih| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Harmadih]] (R) |shape-color15=#C42222
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|39|40|N|86|49|30|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16=Nituria| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Nituria]] (R) |shape-color16=#C42222
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|30|42|N|86|31|12|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17=Para| numbered17=H| mark-title17= [[Para, Purulia]] (H) |shape-color17=#AA6666
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|38|50|N|86|48|30|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18=Sarbari| numbered18=R| mark-title18= [[Sarbari]] (R) |shape-color18=#C42222
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|36|45|N|86|31|25|E}} | label-pos19=left|label19=Usir| numbered19=R| mark-title19= [[Usir]] (R) |shape-color19=#C42222
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|36|10|N|86|33|31|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20=Banda Deul| numbered20=H| mark-title20= [[Banda Deul]] (H)| shape-color20=#AA6666
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|37|30|N|86|46|20|E}} | label-pos21=left|label21= Garh Panchkot| numbered21=H| mark-title21= [[Garh Panchkot]] (H)| shape-color21=#AA6666
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|39|58|N|86|36|23|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22=Telkupi| numbered22=H| mark-title22= [[Telkupi]] (H)| shape-color22=#AA6666
|mark-coord23={{coord|23|34|46|N|86|45|42|E}} | label-pos23=left|label23=Ramkanali| numbered23=R| mark-title23= [[Ramkanali Junction railway station]] (R) |shape-color23=#C42222
|mark-coord24= {{coord|23|36|40|N|86|50|21|E}}| label-pos24=right|label24=Murulia| numbered24=CT| mark-title24= [[Murulia]] (CT)
|mark-coord25= {{coord|23|30|23|N|86|41|37|E}} | label-pos25=right|label25=Arra| numbered25=CT| mark-title25= [[Arra, Purulia|Arra, India]] (CT)
|mark-coord26={{coord|23|29|10|N|86|39|45|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26=Kantaranguri| numbered26=CT| mark-title26= [[Kantaranguri]] (CT)
|mark-coord27={{coord|23|30|10|N|86|40|0|E}} | label-pos27=left|label27=Adra| numbered27=CT| mark-title27= [[Adra, Purulia]] (CT)
|mark-coord28={{coord|23|25|19|N|86|39|43|E}} | label-pos28=right|label28=Lapara| numbered28=CT| mark-title28= [[Lapara, Purulia]] (CT)
|mark-coord29={{coord|23|32|50|N|86|40|12|E}} | label-pos29=top|label29= Raghunathpur| numbered29=M| mark-title29= [[Raghunathpur, Purulia]] (M) |shape-color29=#800000
|mark-coord30={{coord|23|34|30|N|86|50|40|E}} | label-pos30=right|label30=Baranti| numbered30=T| mark-title30= [[Baranti]] (T) |shape-color30=green
|mark-coord31={{coord|23|26|10|N|86|41|0|E}} | label-pos31=right|label31= Kalloli| numbered31=R| mark-title31= [[Kalloli]] (R) |shape-color31=#C42222
|mark-coord32={{coord|23|26|11|N|86|40|13|E}} | label-pos32=left|label32=Kashipur| numbered32=H| mark-title32= [[Kashipur, West Bengal]] (H) |shape-color32=#AA6666
|mark-coord33={{coord|23|38|0|N|86|52|30|E}} | label-pos33=left|label33=Madhukunda| numbered33=R| mark-title33= [[Madhukunda]] (R)|shape-color33=#C42222
|mark-coord34={{coord|23|35|20|N|86|49|27|E}} | label-pos34=right|label34=Muraddi| numbered34=R| mark-title34= [[Muraddi]] (R) |shape-color34=#C42222
|mark-coord35={{coord|23|34|45|N|86|48|24|E}} | label-pos35=bottom|label35=Ramchandrapur| numbered35=R| mark-title35= [[Ramchandrapur, Purulia]] (R) |shape-color35=#C42222
|mark-coord36={{coord|23|31|44|N|86|51|50|E}} | label-pos36=left|label36=Santuri| numbered36=R| mark-title36= [[Santuri, Purulia]] (R) |shape-color36=#C42222
|mark-coord37={{coord|23|32|53|N|86|43|35|E}} | label-pos37=right|label37=Bero| numbered37=R| mark-title37= [[Bero railway station]] (R) |shape-color37=#C42222
|mark-coord38={{coord|23|31|10|N|86|40|51|E}} | label-pos38=right|label38=Joychandi Pahar| numbered38=R| mark-title38= [[Joychandi Pahar]] (R) |shape-color38=#C42222
|mark-coord39={{coord|23.6556|N|86.7486|E}}| label39= Panchet |labela39= Hill| label-color39 = #C42222 | label-angle39=-50| label-pos39=bottom| label-size39=10| mark-size39=0| mark-title39 =none
|mark-coord40={{coord|23.6736|N|86.6886|E}} |label40=Panchet Dam|labela40= Reservoir| label-color40 = #77A1CB| label-angle40=0| label-pos40=top| label-size40=10| mark-size40=0| mark-title40 =none
|mark-coord41={{coord|23.6102|86.9303}}| label41=Damodar River| label-color41 = #77A1CB| label-angle41=5| label-pos41=top| label-size41=10| mark-size41=0| mark-title41 =none
|arc-coordA={{coord|23|40|0|N|86|33|0|E}}|arc-textA= JHARKHAND| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-50| arc-gapA=3.5| arc-radiusA=0.43}}

===Location===
Saltore is located at {{coord|23.6800|N|86.8089|E|display=inline}}.

As per the map of Neturia CD block on page 309 of ''District Census Handbook, Puruliya''. Saltore, [[Hijuli]] and [[Parbelia]] form a cluster of census towns.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Puruliya, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page 309: Map of Neturia CD block | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| accessdate = 3 February 2020}}</ref>

===Area overview===
Purulia district forms the lowest step of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. The general scenario is undulating land with scattered hills.<ref>Houlton, Sir John, ''Bihar, the Heart of India'', 1949, p. 170, Orient Longmans Ltd.</ref> [[Raghunathpur subdivision]] occupies the northern part of the district. 83.80% of the population of the subdivision lives in rural areas. However, there are pockets of urbanization and 16.20% of the population lives in urban areas. There are 14 census towns in the subdivision.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Purulia |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |accessdate = 12 January 2020 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref> It is presented in the map given alongside. There is a coal mining area around [[Parbelia]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.easterncoal.gov.in/contactus/cugtel/sripur.pdf | title = Area wise Closed User Group (CUG) Telephone Numbers | work =Sodepur Area | publisher = Eastern Coalfields Limited | accessdate = 11 August 2018}}</ref> and two thermal power plants are there – the 500 MW [[Santaldih Thermal Power Station]]<ref name=santaldih>{{cite web |url = http://stpswbpdcl.n-stars.org/ |title = Santaldih Thermal Power Station - WBPDCL |publisher = WBPDCL |accessdate = 2011-08-24 |archive-date = 11 January 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100111024838/http://stpswbpdcl.n-stars.org/ |url-status = dead }}</ref> and the 1200 MW [[Raghunathpur Thermal Power Station]]. The subdivision has a rich heritage of old temples, some of them belonging to the 11th century or earlier. The [[Banda Deul]] is a [[List of Monuments of National Importance in West Bengal|monument of national importance]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.asikolkata.in/purulia.aspx | title = Old temple at Banda (locally known as deul)| publisher = ASI, Kolkata Circle |accessdate = 23 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://asi.nic.in/alphabetical-list-of-monuments-west-bengal/|title=List of Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains of West Bengal - Archaeological Survey of India|publisher= ASI|work= Item no. 134|access-date=25 January 2020}}</ref> The comparatively more recent in historical terms, Panchkot Raj has interesting and intriguing remains in the area.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://asianheritagealertiaah.blogspot.in/2011/10/capital-in-shambles-garh-panchakot.html |title = Capital in shambles: Garh Panchakot, Purulia |work = | publisher= Heritage in Peril| accessdate = 1 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.trekearth.com/gallery/Asia/India/East/West_Bengal/Garpanchkot/photo900506.htm |title = Historical ruins| publisher= Trek Earth | accessdate = 1 December 2016}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Saltor had a total population of 5,094, of which 2,543 (50%) were males and 2,551 (50%) were females. There were 668 persons in the age range of 0–6 years. The total number of literate persons in Saltor was 2,961 (66.90% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = CD block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 1 February 2020}}</ref>

===Languages===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages spoken in Saltore Town (2011)<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16T/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2000.XLSX 2011 census data] censusindia.gov.in</ref>
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|value1= 64.35
|color1 =red
|label2= [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|value2= 18.82
|color2=orange
|label3 = [[Santali language|Santali]]
|value3 = 9.42
|color3 = green
|label4 = [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
|value4 = 6.89
|color4 =pink
|label5 = [[Odia language|Odia]]
|value5= 0.36
|color5 = black
|label6 = Others
|value6= 0.15
|color6 = white
}}

==Infrastructure==
According to the ''District Census Handbook 2011, Puruliya'', Saltor covered an area of 4.4111 km2. There is a railway station at [[Asansol]], 15 km away. Among the civic amenities, the protected water supply involved hand pumps. It had 343 domestic electric connections. Among the medical facilities it had 4 medicine shops. Among the educational facilities it had were 1 primary school, 1 middle school, 1 secondary school, the nearest senior secondary school at [[Parbelia]] 2 km away, the nearest general degree college at [[Sarbari]] 5 km away.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Puruliya, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 1073-1083 Statement I: Status and Growth History, Pages 1006-1010; Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Pages 1010-1015; Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Pages 1015-1019; Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 1019-1027 Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Pages 1027- 1029: Statement VI: Industry and Banking | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal |accessdate = 30 January 2020}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Coal===
There are presently (2020) two collieries under [[Sodepur Area]] of Eastern Coalfields Ltd., in Neturia CD block: [[Parbelia]] and Dubeswari.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.easterncoal.gov.in/contactus/cugtel/sodepur.pdf | title = Area wise Closed User Group (CUG) Telephone Numbers | work =Sodepur Area | publisher = Eastern Coalfields Limited | accessdate = 3 February 2020}}</ref> Saltore colliery functioned for many years from the days of Bird & Co.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/158038/9/09_chapter%204.pdf| title = Chapter 4: Classification of Santal Miners| work=Page 132| publisher = Shodhganga |accessdate = 1 February 2020}}</ref>

==Education==
[[Panchakot Mahavidyalaya]] was established in 2001 at [[Sarbari]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.careers360.com/colleges/panchakot-mahavidyalaya-purulia| title = Panchakot Mahavidyalaya| publisher = Careers 360|accessdate = 31 January 2020}}</ref>

Saltore Colliery High School is a Bengali-medium coeducational institution established in 1947. It has facilities for teaching from class V to class X.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://freetutorial.in/schools/1329100 | title = Soltore Colliery High School | publisher = Free Tutorial | accessdate = 3 February 2020 | archive-date = 3 February 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200203142544/https://freetutorial.in/schools/1329100 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Saltore Colliery Hindi High School is a Hindi-medium coeducational institution established in 1974. It has facilities for teaching from class Vi to class XII.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://directory.edugorilla.com/school/saltore-colliery-hindi-high-school-neturia-purulia-fee-structure-syllabus-address-admission-form-contact-number/ | title = Saltore Colliery Hindi High School | publisher = EduGorilla | accessdate = 3 February 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Purulia District}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Purulia district]]

Bhojasar, Ratangarh

2025-07-21T01:49:51Z

Dhwanika Joshi: Starting a details - done

{{orphan|date=July 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Other uses|Bhojasar (disambiguation){{!}}Bhojasar}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bhojasar
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.972|N|74.592|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Churu district|Churu]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Panchayati raj in India|Panchayat]]
| leader_party =
| leader_title = [[Sarpanch]]
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 312
| population_total = 2101
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Ratangarh, Churu|Ratangarh]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = Distance from [[Ratangarh, Churu|Ratangarh]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = {{convert|15|km|mi}} ([[National highways of India|land]])
| blank3_name_sec1 = Distance from [[Churu, Rajasthan|Churu]]
| blank3_info_sec1 = {{convert|60|km|mi}} ([[National highways of India|land]])
| blank1_name_sec2 = Avg. summer temperature
| blank1_info_sec2 = 46-48 °C
| blank2_name_sec2 = Avg. winter temperature
| blank2_info_sec2 = 0-4 °C
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 331505<ref>{{Cite web |last=english |title=Bhojasar Pin Code - 331505, All Post Office Areas PIN Codes, Search churu Post Office Address |url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/rajasthan/churu/bhojasar-pincode-331505.html |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91-1567
| registration_plate = RJ-10
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|RJ-IN]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Bhojasar''' is a village within the [[Ratangarh, Churu|Ratangarh]] [[tehsil|administrative region]] of [[Churu district]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]. The village lies {{Convert|15|km}} west of [[Ratangarh, Churu|Ratangarh]]. Bhojasar borders Budhwali, Khotari, Loha, Ratnadesar and [[Parihara]] villages.

The {{convert|1563.74|hectare|km2}} village has an overall population of about 2101<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhojasar Village Population - Ratangarh - Churu, Rajasthan |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/70649-bhojasar-rajasthan.html |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1035/download/3154/DH_2011_0804_PART_B_DCHB_CHURU.pdf |title=Census of India 2011: DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK |publisher=DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS |year=2014 |pages=162 |language=en-IN}}</ref> of whom most are [[Jat people|Jat ethnic group]].

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Villages in Churu district]]
{{Rajasthan-geo-stub}}

Chud Vijogan

2025-07-10T21:58:00Z

Dhwanika Joshi: created initial article v1

{{Short description|Indian folklore}}
{{italics title}}
'''''Chud Vijogan''''' is a folklore from [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] region of [[Gujarat]], India. According to the folklore, a female spirit as [[Churel|Chudail]] composed verses from his lover.

== Folklore ==
In [[Okha, India|Okha]]-Barda region<ref name="db">{{cite news|url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/dvb-original/news/a-witch-wrote-duhas-in-the-heart-of-a-lover-even-today-his-ghost-is-waiting-for-his-lover-130920851.html|title='ચૂડ વિજોગણ'ની પ્રેમકથા:એક 'ચૂડેલે' પ્રેમીના વિરહમાં દુહાઓ લખ્યા, આજે પણ તેનું પ્રેત પોતાના પ્રિયતમની રાહ જોઈ રહ્યું છે|last=Mehta|first=Vikram|date=2023-02-14|publisher=[[Divya Bhaskar]]|language=gu}}</ref> or some town in Saurashtra, a [[Sindhis|Sindhi]] girl was in love with Amiyal, a son of a townchief or a minister. But when she was married to a different prince, she lived out of town alone under pretext of a vow and continued her love affair with Amiyal. When the prince came to know about it, he killed the girl. She was reborn as a Chudail and continued her affair with Amiyal who was unaware of it. When he come to know the truth, he left her and went to Girnar hill. The Chudail found him and hated him for leaving her.<ref name="GSK1"/><ref name="db"/>

== Verses ==
According to one opinion, Amiyal is a name of Sindhi girl while according to other, her name is Chud. According to an opinion, Chud is derived from Chudail, a female spirit. About hundred verses, with or without name, are found regarding this folklore. These verses include Sindhi words too. Most verses have six stanza but some have less. Based on subject and style, Sindhi Muslim verse writer Tamachi Sumra is suggested as a possible writer.<ref name="GSK1">{{Cite book |last=જયંત |first=કોઠારી |url=https://wiki.ekatrafoundation.org/wiki/ગુજરાતી_સાહિત્યકોશ_ખંડ_૧/અનુક્રમ/ચ/ચૂડ_વિજોગણ-અમિયલ |title=ગુજરાતી સાહિત્ય કોશ: ખંડ 1 (મધ્યકાળ) |publisher=[[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]] |year=2021 |editor-last=Shah |editor-first=Kirtida |edition=2nd (Revised) |volume=1 |pages=|language=gu}}</ref>

These verses are primarily directed to lover or about love. The subjects include arrival, departure, dream and bereavement. It also advises on love to whom and not. It also describes materials from folk life.<ref name="GSK1"/>

[[Jhaverchand Meghani]] notes these verses in "''Sajna"'' chapter in his [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] book ''Parkamma''. This folklore is also an origin of his Gujarati story "Olipo".<ref name="db"/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Culture of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Indian folklore]]

V. P. Sivasubramani

2025-03-13T05:39:08Z

Dhwanika Joshi: Starting Pg...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
'''V. P. Sivasubramani''' is an Indian politician who was a member of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]. He represented [[Modakkurichi Assembly constituency|Modakuruchi Constituency]], [[Erode district]] between the years 2016 and 2021.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/modakkurichi-tamil-nadu-assembly-constituency | title=Modakkurichi Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency }}</ref> He was also the District General Secretary of [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] and Joint Secretary of all World MGR Forum.{{clarify|date=August 2022}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Year
!constituency
!Party
!Votes
!Percentage (%)
|-
|[[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|[[Modakkurichi Assembly constituency|Modakkurichi]]
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]
|77,067
|43.62<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf |access-date= 30 Apr 2022 |archive-date= 30 Apr 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430083638/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf |title=Assembly wise Candidate Valid Votes count 2016, Tamil Nadu|website=www.elections.tn.gov.in}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sivasubramani, V. P.}}
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2016–2021]]

Sindri

2025-03-09T04:20:26Z

Dhwanika Joshi: small changes

'''Sindri''' may refer to:

* [[Sindri (Dhanbad)]], a neighbourhood in India
* [[Sindri (mythology)]], a dwarf or a hall in Norse mythology
* [[Sindri, Burkina Faso]]
* Sindri, a minor character in the 2008–2012 BBC series ''Merlin'', played by [[Tony Guilfoyle]]
* [[Sindri Sindrason]], Icelandic journalist

==See also==
* ''[[Sindris]]''

{{disambiguation|geo}}

Vevishal

2025-03-07T10:31:20Z

Dhwanika Joshi: Starting A Post...

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vevishal
| image =
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Chaturbhuj Doshi]]<ref name=":0" />
| writer = Chaturbhuj Doshi (screenplay, dialogues)<ref name=":0" />
| based_on = ''Vevishal'' by [[Jhaverchand Meghani]]
| producer = P. B. Zaveri<ref name=":0" />
| starring = {{plainlist|
*
}}
| cinematography =
| editing =
| music = Mohan Junior, Ramesh Desai<ref name=":0" />
| studio = Kirti Pictures<ref name=":0" />
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1949}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Gujarati
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Vevishal''''' is 1949 Indian [[Gujarati cinema|Gujarati]] social drama film directed and scripted by [[Chaturbhuj Doshi]]. It was based on [[Jhaverchand Meghani]]'s popular Gujarati social novel ''Vevishal''. It was produced by P. B. Zaveri under the banner of Kirti Pictures.<ref name=":0" />

==Plot==
Champshibhai and Deepchand, belonging to merchant families, agrees for marriage of their children in future. Deepchand settles in village with his family while Champshibhai goes to Mumbai and becomes rich and changed his name to Champak Sheth. Champak Sheth feels humiliated to marry his daughter Sushila to Deepchand's son Sukhlal. Champak Sheth's elder family head Bhabhuma does not like his behavioral change. Deepchand sends Sukhlal to Mumbai to study and settle where he meets Sushila and both fall in love. Champak Sheth plans to marry Sushila to wealthy thug Vijaychandra for sake of money. He makes Sukhlal overwork which results in ill health. Sushila comes closer to Sukhlal while treating him of his illness. Champak Sheth scares and threatens Deepchand and shows him fake medical certificates proving impotency of Sukhlal. Sukhlal leaves the job and decides to earn himself and marry Sushila only. In the end, Bhabhuma steps in and helps Sukhlal marry Sushila.<ref name=":0" />

==Cast==
Most of the actors belonged to old [[Gujarati theatre]]. The principal cast is as follows:<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last=Raghuvanshi |first=Harish |title=વેવિશાળ (1949)|url=https://gujarativishwakosh.org/%e0%aa%b5%e0%ab%87%e0%aa%b5%e0%aa%bf%e0%aa%b6%e0%aa%be%e0%aa%b3/ |website=[[Gujarati Vishwakosh]]|language=gu}}</ref>
* [[Usha Kiran|Ushakumari]]
* Motibai
* Mumtaz
* Chandrarekha
* Ghanshyam
* Chandravadan Bhatt
* Bhagwandas, Babaldas
* Bhogilal
* Vitthaldas

Other cast included Adi Irani, Datta Sawant, Tulsi Pawar, Ramlal, Dilawar, Iqbal, Trambak, Leela Jaywant, Daksha, Jinnatkumari and Baby Saroj.<ref name=":0" />

== Production ==
The film was directed and scripted by [[Chaturbhuj Doshi]]. It was based on Gujarati writer [[Jhaverchand Meghani]]'s popular social novel ''Vevishal''. It was produced by P. B. Zaveri under the banner of Kirti Pictures.<ref name=":0" />

==Soundtrack==
The lyrics were written by Prafull Desai, a Gujarati theater lyricist, and composed by Mohan Junior and Ramesh Desai.<ref name=":0" />

{{Infobox album
| name = Vevishal
| type = soundtrack
| artist = Mohan Junior, Ramesh Desai
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1949
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| label =
| producer =
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{url|1=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxUfvE0Vtlw&list=OLAK5uy_nB-cJBEVICBw7Zwrv2cZtX4xj4W91gqvw&index=2|2=YouTube}}}}

}}
{{track listing
| headline =Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
|all_music= Mohan Junior, Ramesh Desai<ref name=":0" />
|all_lyrics= Prafull Desai<ref name=":0" />

| title1 = Halya Alya Kaliya, Halya Alya Dholiya
| extra1 =
| length1 =

| title2 = Mann ni Mena Mithu Boli, Bethi Asha Dal Re
| extra2 =
| length2 =

| title3 = Zoomkho Khowayo
| extra3 = Rampyari, Indukumari
| length3 = 3:18

| title4 = Mara Sapanane Pankho Aavi
| extra4 = Rajkumari
| length4 = 3:08

| title5 = Dile Dhadkan Mithi Mithi, Nayanma Kai Khumari Chhe
| extra5 =
| length5 =

| title6 = Mare Banavu Nanadi Nani
| extra6 = Baby Saroj
| length6 = 3:24

| title7 = Kahone Mara Raja
| extra7 = Rampyari
| length7 = 3:19
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1949 films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:1949 drama films]]
[[Category:1940s Gujarati-language films]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films directed by Chaturbhuj Doshi]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]

Bagnan II

2024-11-22T12:21:36Z

Dhwanika Joshi: fixed citations additionally and improved wording

{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Bagnan II
|nickname =
|settlement_type = Community development block
|motto =
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|image_flag =
|flag_size =
|image_seal =
|seal_size =
|image_map = File:Bagnan-II in Howrah (West Bengal).svg
|mapsize =
|map_caption = Location in West Bengal
|pushpin_map =
|pushpin_label_position =right
|pushpin_mapsize=
|pushpin_map_caption =
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[States of India|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of India|District]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Howrah district|Howrah]]
|subdivision_type3 = Parliamentary constituency
|subdivision_name3 = [[Uluberia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Uluberia]]
|subdivision_type4 = Assembly constituency
|subdivision_name4 = [[Bagnan (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bagnan]]
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|established_title =
|established_date =
|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 = 77.52
|area_land_km2 =
|population_as_of = 2011
|population_footnotes =
|population_note =
|population_total = 164,405
|population_density_km2 = auto
|timezone = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|utc_offset = +5.30
|coordinates = {{coord|22|25|37|N|87|59|27|E|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m = 9
|elevation_ft =
|postal_code_type = PIN
|postal_code = 711312 (Mugkalyan) 711104 (Sarat Chatterjee Rd.)
|area_code = 03228
|registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-11, [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-12, [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-13, [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-14
|blank_name = Literacy Rate
|blank_info = 82.57 per cent
|website = http://howrah.gov.in/
|footnotes =
}}
'''Bagnan II''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in [[Uluberia subdivision]] of [[Howrah district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Geography==

===Location===
Chandrabhag, a constituent panchayat of Bagnan II block, is located at {{Coord|22.42696|N|87.990959|E|format=dms|}}.

Bagnan II CD Block is bounded by [[Bagnan I]] CD Block in the north, [[Uluberia I]] CD Block in the east, [[Shyampur II]] CD Block in the south and [[Sahid Matangini (community development block)|Sahid Matangini]] and [[Kolaghat (community development block)|Kolaghat]] CD Blocks, in Purba Medinipur district, across the [[Rupnarayan River|Rupnarayan]], in the west.

It is located 44 km from [[Howrah]], the district headquarters.

===Area and administration===
Bagnan II CD Block has an area of 77.52  km2.<ref name=census>{{cite web|url= http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_16.htm|title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date=2011-01-20 |work=Census of India 2001 – Howrah district |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110928204740/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_16.htm|archive-date=September 28, 2011 }}</ref> Bagnan police station serves this CD Block. Bagnan II panchayat samity has 7 gram panchayats. The block has 47 inhabited villages.<ref name=handbook>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/docs/Handbook_2004/Howrah.pdf | title = District Statistical Handbook – 2004 – Howrah | work = Tables 2.1, 2.2, 2.4 (b), 3.1, 4.4, 4.5, 8.2, 18.1, 18.3, 21.1 | publisher = Bureau of Applied Economics and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 3 April 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160920094828/http://wbplan.gov.in/docs/Handbook_2004/Howrah.pdf | archive-date = 20 September 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref> Headquarters of this block is at Bagnan.

===Topography===
Howrah district is located on the west bank of the [[Hooghly River|Hooghly]]. The [[Rupnarayan River|Rupnarayan]] flows on the west and south of the district and the [[Damodar River|Damodar]] intersects it. The district consists of a flat [[alluvial plain]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/howrah_wb.pdf | title = Brief Industrial Profile of Howrah District, West Bengal | publisher = Ministry of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises, Government of India | access-date = 3 May 2016 | archive-date = 17 April 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160417184348/http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/howrah_wb.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>

===Gram panchayats===
[[Gram panchayat]]s of Bagnan II block/[[panchayat samiti]] are: Antila, Bantul- Baidyanathpur, Chandrabhag, Halyan, Mugkalyan Benapur, Orphooli and Saratchandra.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Howrah – Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 4 May 2016}}</ref>

==Demographics==
===Overview===
Rural population is 49.63% of the total population of Howrah district as per 2001 census. Scheduled castes account for 15.41% of the population, scheduled tribes 0.44% and Muslims 24.4% of the population. As the economy is prevalently industrial, majority of the population depends on industries for a living. Only 30% of the population is engaged in cultivation.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.icssr.org/haorah_mcd_report_final.pdf | title = Minority Concentration District Project – Haorah, West Bengal | publisher = Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India | access-date = 6 May 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005063229/http://www.icssr.org/haorah_mcd_report_final.pdf | archive-date = 2016-10-05 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

{{BPL families in CD Blocks of Howrah district|collapsible=y}}

===Population===
As per [[2011 Census of India]] Bagnan II CD Block had a total population of 164,405, of which 119,033 were rural and 45,372 were urban. There were 84,539 (51%) males and 79,866 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 19,026. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 17,341 and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 793.<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 3 May 2016}}</ref>

As per 2001 census, Bagnan II block had a total population of 146,110, out of which 75,330 were males and 70,780 were females. Bagnan II block registered a population growth of 14.81 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for Howrah district was 12.76 per cent. Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent. [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|Scheduled castes]] at 16,818 formed around one-eighth the population. Scheduled tribes numbered 1,910.<ref name=census/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date=2011-01-20 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |archive-date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref>

===Census Towns and large villages===
[[Census Town]]s in Bagnan II CD Block (2011 census figures in brackets): [[Naupala]] (7,856), [[Barunda]] (7,534), Kulitapara (5,895), Kanaipur (4,782), Batul (4,707), Mugkalyan (7,961) and Halyan (6,637).<ref name=census2011/>

Large villages in Bagnan II CD Block (2011 census figures in brackets): Mellak (5,713), Chak Kamala (5,654), Birkul (4,023), Baidyanathpur (5,989), Benapur (6,655), Chandanapara (4,342), Khajurnan (4,903), Rabibhag (8,976), Rupasgari (7,240) and Chhayani Guzrat (4,071).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
As per 2011 census the total number of literates in Bagnan II CD Block was 120,042 (82.57% of the population over 6 years) out of which 65,023 (54%) were males and 55,019 (46%) were females.<ref name=census2011/>

As per 2011 census, literacy in Howrah district was 78.66%.<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 1 May 2016}}</ref> Literacy in West Bengal was 77.08% in 2011.<ref name=literacy>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011_progresstables.pdf | title= Provisional population tables and annexures| work= Census 2011:Table 2(3) Literates and Literacy rates by sex |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 9 February 2016}}</ref> Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.<ref name=literacy/>

As per 2001 census, Bagnan II block had a total literacy of 75.20 per cent for the 6+ age group. While male literacy was 82.86 per cent female literacy was 67.02 per cent. Howrah district had a total literacy of 77.01 per cent, male literacy being 83.22 per cent and female literacy being 70.11 per cent.<ref name=handbook/>

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Howrah district|collapsible=y}}

===Language===
[[Bengali language|Bengali]] is the local language in these areas.

===Religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Bagnan II CD block (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|72.51}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|27.37}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.12}}
}}

In 2011 census Hindus numbered 119,207 and formed 72.51% of the population in Bagnan II CD Block. Muslims numbered 45,001 and formed 27.37% of the population. Others numbered 197 and formed 0.12% of the population.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

In 2011, Hindus numbered 3,535,844 and formed 72.90% of the population in Howrah district. Muslims numbered 1,270,641 and formed 26.20% of the population. In West Bengal Hindus numbered 64,385,546 and formed 70.53% of the population. Muslims numbered 24,654,825 and formed 27.01% of the population.<ref name="religion"/>

[[Bengali language|Bengali]] is the predominant language, spoken by 99.33% of the population.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Economy==

===Infrastructure===
Up to 2003–04, Bagnan II CD Block had 235 hectares of vested land, out of which 125 hectares were distributed amongst 1,878 persons. Bagnan II had 2,350 hectares of canals for irrigation. In Bagnan II CD Block 48 mouzas were electrified up to March 2004.<ref name=handbook/>

==Education==
In 2003–04, Bagnan II CD Block had 97 primary schools with 13,983 students, 3 middle schools with 1,123 students, 12 high schools with 8,507 students and 5 higher secondary schools with 6,033 students. Bagnan II CD Block had 1 professional and technical education with 1,315 students. Bagnan II CD Block had 156 institutions with 20,980 students for special and non-formal education. It had 2 mass literacy centres.<ref name=handbook/>

==Healthcare==
Bagnan II CD Block had 3 health centres and 1 clinic with 22 beds and 5 doctors in 2003. It had 20 family welfare centres.<ref name=handbook/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Howrah topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Howrah district]]

Ghantoli

2024-10-30T21:24:09Z

Dhwanika Joshi: created a post from scratch

{{Short description|Village in Gujarat, India}}
{{Orphan|date=October 2024}}

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ghantoli
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Gujarat
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Gujarat, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.09137|N|73.66666|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chhota Udaipur district|Chhota Udaipur]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluka]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Sankheda]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 3.477
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 408
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 391150
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Ghantoli''' is a small agricultural village in [[Sankheda]] taluka of [[Chhota Udaipur district]], [[Gujarat]]. It dates back to at least 1045, when it is mentioned in a [[Indian copper plate inscriptions|copper plate inscription]] recording a land grant made to the local temple to the god Ghaṇṭeśvara (i.e. [[Shiva]]). The temple still exists in ruins. There is also a train station in the village. As of 2011, Ghantoli has a population of 408, in 82 households. Most of the locals are employed in agriculture.

== History ==
Ghantoli is identified<ref name="Kudalkar 1919">{{cite book |last1=Kudalkar |first1=J. S. |title=The Library Miscellany, Vol. VI, Nos. 3 & 4 |date=1919 |pages=45–51 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EL0zwJCkz_0C&q=ghantoli |access-date=29 October 2024 |chapter=Tilakwada Copper-Plate Inscription of the Time of King Bhoja}}</ref>{{rp|48}} with the village of ''Ghaṇṭāpallī'' mentioned in a [[Indian copper plate inscriptions|copper-plate grant]] made on 11 November 1045, by Jasorāja, a feudatory of the [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]] king [[Bhoja]] who ruled Sankheda.<ref name="Diskalkar 1931">{{cite book |last1=Diskalkar |first1=D. B. |editor1-last=Sastri |editor1-first=Hirananda |editor1-link=Hiranand Sastri |editor2-last=Dikshit |editor2-first=K. N. |editor2-link=Kashinath Narayan Dikshit |editor3-last=Chakravarti |editor3-first=N. P. |editor3-link=N. P. Chakravarti |title=Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XXI |date=1931 |pages=157–9 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.56981/page/n213 |access-date=26 October 2024 |chapter=A Note on Tilakwada Plates of the Time of Paramara Bhojadeva of V.S. 1103}}</ref>{{rp|158–9}} The inscription records Jasorāja's grant of the village of Vilūhaja (possibly modern [[Velpur, Gujarat|Velpur]]), along with 100 units of land at Ghaṇṭāpallī, for a temple to the deity Ghaṇṭeśvara (i.e. [[Shiva]]).<ref name="Kudalkar 1919"/>{{rp|46}}<ref name="Diskalkar 1931"/>{{rp|158}} [[J. S. Kudalkar]] reported in 1919 that the temple of Ghaṇṭeśvara still existed at Ghantoli in ruins. He also noted that Ghantoli then had a train station on the [[Motipur, Gujarat|Motipur]]-[[Tankhala]] line in [[Baroda State]].<ref name="Kudalkar 1919"/>{{rp|48}}

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Ghantoli had a population of 408, in 82 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|646}} This population was 52.0% male (215) and 48.0% female (193). The 0-6 age group numbered 59 (32 male and 27 female), making up 17.9% of the total population. No members of Scheduled Castes were recorded. <ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Gujarat District Census Handbook - Vadodara, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/399/download/1244/DH_2011_2419_PART_B_DCHB_VADODARA.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=29 October 2024}}</ref>{{rp|332–3}}

== Economy ==
Ghantoli is almost exclusively an agricultural village; out of a total of 151 workers recorded in the 2011 census, all but one were either cultivators (who owned their own land) or agricultural labourers (who worked someone else's land).<ref name="Census 2011 B"/>{{rp|334–5}} There was neither a daily market nor a weekly [[haat]].<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|651}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Ghantoli had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by tap, hand pump, and tube well or bore well; there were no public toilets. The village had a sub post office but no public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Gujarat District Census Handbook - Vadodara, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/398/download/1240/DH_2011_2419_PART_A_DCHB_VADODARA.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=29 October 2024}}</ref>{{rp|646–52}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Chhota Udaipur district}}

[[Category:Villages in Chhota Udaipur district]]
[[Category:1045 establishments in Asia]]

Theo Saevecke

2024-09-25T19:27:50Z

Dhwanika Joshi: fixed citations after review for consistency

{{Short description|German SS officer (1911-2000)}}
{{Expand German|topic=bio|Theo Saevecke|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox military person
|name= Theo Saevecke
|birth_name=
|birth_date={{birth date|1911|3|22|df=y}}
|birth_place=[[Hamburg]], [[German Empire]]
|death_date={{death date and age|2000|12|16|1911|3|22|df=y}}
|death_place=[[Dissen, Lower Saxony|Dissen]], [[Germany]]
|image = File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-B0221-0056-001, Theo Saevecke.jpg
|caption=
|allegiance={{flag|Nazi Germany}}
|branch=[[File:Flag Schutzstaffel.svg|23px]] [[Schutzstaffel|SS]]: [[Sicherheitsdienst]], [[Einsatzgruppe]]; [[Gestapo]]
|serviceyears=1938—1945
|rank=[[Hauptsturmführer]]
|commands=
}}

'''Theodor Emil Saevecke''' ({{birth date|1911|3|22|df=y}} – {{death date|2000|12|16|df=y}}) was an SS officer and perpetrator of the [[Holocaust in Poland]] and the [[Holocaust in Italy]].

==Biography==
In 1926, he was a member of the ''[[Freikorps]]'', fighting against both the [[Weimar Republic]] and communists. On 1 February 1929, Saevecke became a member of the [[NSDAP]] (Nazi Party) (member no. 112,407). In 1938 he became a member of the ''[[Schutzstaffel]]'' (SS) (member no. 396,401). After the war in Europe started, he was a member of the mobile SS [[death squad]], ''[[Einsatzgruppen]]'' IV in Poland through 1940. Later he was promoted to the rank of SS-''[[Hauptsturmführer]]'' and served in the SS-''[[Sicherheitsdienst]]'' (SD; Security Service) in Libya and Tunisia between 1942 and 1943, under [[Walter Rauff]]. Between 1943 and 1945, Saevecke was head of the [[Gestapo]] and the Italian fascist police in [[Milan]]. During his time he was responsible for the deportation of at least 700 Italian Jews to extermination camps.<ref name="Saevecke" />

After the war, in 1962, while a ''Kriminalrat'' at ''Sicherungsgruppe'' Bonn, he led a police raid on the [[Spiegel scandal]]. From 1947 on he worked for the CIA. The responsibility for his case was moved from American to British side and back and he was never accused of anything. A group of historians therefore concluded, he was under protection of American intelligence service by then (T. Naftali: The CIA and Eichmann's Associates. 2005, p. 356).

Protected through his connections in post-war Germany, Saevecke was sentenced in absentia in [[Turin]] in 1999 to life imprisonment for his involvement in the execution of hostages in Milan in August 1944 but never extradited to Italy.<ref name="Saevecke" >{{cite web |url=https://www.gedenkorte-europa.eu/content/article/581/-/ |title=Saevecke, Theo (1911–2000) |publisher=Gedenkorte Europa 1939–1945 |access-date=11 September 2018 |language=de }}</ref>

Saevecke died on 16 December 2000.

==Further reading==
*{{cite book|author=Richard Breitman|author-link=Richard Breitman|title=U.S. Intelligence and the Nazis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GnkBYN8ipYcC&pg=PA359|date=4 April 2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-61794-9|pages=359}}

<gallery>
File:CIA Saevecke 8. Januar 1953 Seite 1.jpg|CIA report on Saevecke January 8, 1953
File:CIA Saevecke 8. Januar 1953 Seite 2.jpg|CIA report on Saevecke January 8, 1953
File:CIA Saevecke 8. Januar 1953 Seite 3.jpg|CIA report on Saevecke January 8, 1953
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://archive.org/search?query=Theo+Saevecke Saevecke's CIA file]

{{Nazi war crimes in Italy}}
{{Holocaust Italy}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saevecke, Theo}}
[[Category:1911 births]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Freikorps personnel]]
[[Category:SS-Hauptsturmführer]]
[[Category:Gestapo personnel]]
[[Category:Einsatzgruppen personnel]]
[[Category:Holocaust perpetrators in Tunisia]]
[[Category:Holocaust perpetrators in Poland]]
[[Category:Holocaust perpetrators in Italy]]
[[Category:CIA agents convicted of crimes]]
[[Category:Germans convicted of war crimes committed in Italy during World War II]]

{{Germany-bio-stub}}
[[Category:Nazis convicted in absentia]]

Kidari Sravan Kumar

2024-09-05T12:54:48Z

Dhwanika Joshi:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= May 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kidari Sravan Kumar
| office = Minister of Tribal Welfare & Empowerment, [[List of health, family welfare and medical education ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Primary Health & Family Welfare]], APVVP, Ayush & Drug Control {{small|[[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]}}
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
| term_start = 11 November 2018
| term_end = 9 May 2019
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| parents = [[Kidari Sarveswara Rao]] {{small|(father)}}
| children =
| occupation = Politician
| party = [[Telugu Desam Party]]
}}
'''Kidari Sravan Kumar''' is an Indian politician. He was inducted as State Tribal Welfare, Primary Health, Family Welfare, Vaidya Vidhana Parishad, Drug Control and Ayush Minister without participation in Public Election by TDP Government after his father [[Kidari Sarveswara Rao]] was killed at [[Araku Valley|Araku valley]] by [[Naxalite|Maoist]]s.

==Political career==
Kidari Sravan is the son of late TDP MLA of Araku, [[Kidari Sarveswara Rao]].<ref>{{cite news |title=TDP MLA Kidari Sarveswara Rao, ex-MLA Siveri Soma shot dead by naxels In Araku |url=https://headlinestoday.org/national/3112/tdp-mla-kidari-sarveswara-rao-ex-mla-siveri-soma-shot-dead-by-maoists-in-araku/ |accessdate=23 September 2018 |agency=Headlines Today}}</ref> Sravan got his cabinet seat as a token of TDP’s gratitude towards the Kidari family. He was inducted as Health and Tribal Welfare Minister in the [[Third N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry|AP cabinet]] on 2018 November 11 without becoming either an MLC or an MLA. He was required to be a member of the assembly or legislative council on or before 10 May 2019, but he failed to become a lawmaker within the mandatory six-month period from the day of induction into the cabinet. Sravan Kumar resigned on 9 May 2019.<ref name="Governor accepts Minister Kidari Sravan Kumar’s resignation">{{cite news |title=Governor accepts Minister Kidari Sravan Kumar’s resignation |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2019/may/10/governor-accepts-minister-kidari-sravan-kumars-resignation-1974974.html |access-date=3 June 2022 |date=10 May 2019 }}</ref><ref name="Andhra minister Kidari Sravan quits, a day before 6-month deadline to get elected ends">{{cite news |last1=The News Minute |title=Andhra minister Kidari Sravan quits, a day before 6-month deadline to get elected ends |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/andhra-minister-kidari-sravan-quits-day-6-month-deadline-get-elected-ends-101525 |accessdate=3 June 2022 |date=10 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref> He unsuccessfully contested from [[Araku Valley Assembly constituency|Araku Valley]] in [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019 Assembly elections]].

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{Third N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Kidari Sravan}}
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]
[[Category:People from Visakhapatnam district]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Innambur Ezhutharinathar Temple

2024-04-28T22:42:24Z

Dhwanika Joshi: Creating Location

{{short description|Hindu temple of Shiva in Innambur, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox temple
| name = Ezhutharinathar Temple
| image =Innambur Ezhutharinathar temple (4) 16.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Image of the Innambur temple gopuram
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in [[Tamil Nadu]]
| coordinates = {{coord|10|58|54|N|79|20|20|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| other_names =
| proper_name =
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Tanjore district|Thanjavur]]
| location = [[Innambur]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = Ezhutharinathar ([[Shiva]]), Nithya Kalyani([[Parvati]])
| Direction_posture =
| Pushakarani =
| Vimanam =
| Poets =
| Prathyaksham =
| festivals=
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
}}
''' Innambur Ezhutharinathar Temple''' (இன்னம்பூர் எழுத்தறிநாதேஸ்வரர் கோயில்)<ref name="ta.wikipedia.org">[[:ta:இன்னம்பூர் எழுத்தறிநாதேஸ்வரர் கோயில்]]</ref> is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to [[Shiva]], located in Innambur, a village in the outskirts of [[Kumbakonam]], in [[Thanjavur district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. Shiva is worshipped as Ezhutharinathar and his consort [[Parvati]] as Nithya Kalyani. Ona Kantheeswarar is revered in the 7th century Tamil Saiva canonical work, the ''Tevaram'', written by Tamil saint poets known as the [[Nayanars]] and classified as ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]'', the 275 temples revered in the canon.

The temple has a five-tiered ''raja[[gopuram]]'', the entrance tower and all the shrines are enclosed in rectangular walls. The temple has four daily rituals at various times from 6:00 a.m. to 8 p.m., and three yearly festivals on its calendar, namely Margazhi Tiruvathirai during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of ''Margazhi'' (December - January), Kodabisheakam during ''Chittirai'' (April - May) and Aipassi Annabishekam during ''Aippassi'' (October - November) being the most prominent. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the Government of Tamil Nadu.<ref name=dinamalar>{{cite web|title=Ezhutharinathar temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=674|publisher=[[Dinamalar]]|year=2014|access-date=24 November 2015}}</ref>

==Legend==
[[File:Innambur Ezhutharinathar temple (4) 11.jpg|200px|left|thumb|Entrance of the Shiva shrine]]
As per Hindu legend, once the accountant Of the temple was asked to submit the accounts to the king. The accountant did not have the correct accounts during the time and feared punishment from the king. An ardent devotee of Shiva, the accountant prayed to the god to rescue him. Shiva, in the form of the accountant, submitted the accounts. The king was pleased and praised the accountant, who was amused at the events. He later realised that it was divine grace. Since Shiva came down and submitted the accounts, he came to be known as Ezhutharinathar.<ref name=hindu>{{cite news|title=Innambur: temple village from the annals of history|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/innambur-temple-village-from-the-annals-of-history/article2074264.ece|work=The Hindu|last=G.|first=Srinivasan|location=Thanjavur|access-date=24 January 2016|date=3 June 2011}}</ref> As per another legend, the presiding deity was worshipped by an elephant.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ayyar |first=P. V. Jagadisa |title=South Indian shrines: illustrated |year=1991 |publisher=Asian Educational Services|page=246 |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-206-0151-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NLSGFW1uZboC&q=innambur&pg=PA321}}</ref> There is also a belief that sage [[Agastya]] attained knowledge about grammar after worshipping Ezhutharinathar.<ref name=R>{{cite book|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZY2lZpy.TVA_BOK_0006115|last=R.|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies| location=Chennai|year=2001|edition=1st|pages=155–6}}</ref> The temple is counted as one of the temples built on the northern banks of [[River Kaveri]].<ref name=Ka>{{cite book|title=River cauvery the most battl(r)ed|last=Ka. Vi.|first=Kannan|page=43|publisher=Notion Press|year=2019|isbn=9781684666041|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4CGFDwAAQBAJ&q=thiruvavaduthurai}}</ref>

==Architecture==
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The temple is located {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} north-west of [[Kumbakonam]] on the Kumbakonam - Thirupurambiyam road. Ezhutharinathar temple has a rectangular plan with two ''[[prakaram]]s'' (outer courtyard) covering an area of {{convert|1|acre|ha|abbr=on}} and a five-tiered ''raja[[gopuram]]'' (gateway tower) facing East. The central shrine faces east and houses the image of Ezhutharinathar (Shiva) in the form of the ''[[lingam]]'' made of granite and is believed to be a ''[[swayambhu]]'' (self manifested). There are shrines for Shiva's sons [[Ganesha]] (Vinayagar) and [[Kartikeya]] (Murugan), on either side of the sanctum entrance. The granite images of [[Nandi (bull)|Nandi]] (the bull and vehicle of Shiva), a tall flag staff and a ''Balipeeta'', the place of offering, axial to the sanctum. As in other Shiva temples of Tamil Nadu, the first precinct or the walls around the sanctum of Ona Kantheeswarar has images of [[Dakshinamurthy]] (Shiva as the Teacher), [[Durga]] (warrior-goddess) and [[Chandeshvara Nayanar|Chandikeswarar]] (a saint and devotee of Shiva). The temple precinct is surrounded by granite walls. Following the legend of the elephant, the roof over the sanctum is in the form of an elephant, called Gajaprashta Vimana.<ref name="dinamalar"/><ref name=R/>

==Worship and religious practises==
The temple priests perform the ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. The temple rituals are performed four times a day; ''Kalasanthi'' at 8:00 a.m., ''Uchikalam'' at 11:30 a.m., ''Sayarakshai'' at 6:30 p.m and ''Arthajamam'' at 8:00 p.m.. Each ritual comprises four steps: ''[[abhisheka]]'' (sacred bath), ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''[[Naivedhya|naivethanam]]'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for Ezhutharinathar and Nithya Kalyani. There are weekly rituals like ''{{lang|te-Latn|somavaram}}'' (Monday) and ''{{lang|te-Latn|sukravaram}}'' (Friday), fortnightly rituals like ''[[pradosha]]m'', and monthly festivals like ''[[amavasya|amavasai]]'' (new moon day), ''kiruthigai'', ''[[pournami (festival)|pournami]]'' (full moon day) and ''sathurthi''. Margazhi Tiruvathirai during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of ''Margazhi'' (December - January), Kodabisheakam during ''Chittirai'' (April - May) and Aipassi Annabishekam during ''Aippassi'' (October - November) are the three festivals celebrated in the temple.<ref name=dinamalar/>

== Religious significance ==
[[File:Innambar elutharinathar temple vimana.jpg|thumb|Temple vimana]]
It is one of the shrines of the 275 [[Paadal Petra Sthalams]] - [[Shiva Temples of Tamil Nadu#Sthalams|Shiva Sthalams]] glorified in the early medieval ''[[Tevaram]]'' poems by Tamil Saivite [[Nayanars]] [[Tirugnanasambandar]] and [[Tirunavukkarasar]]. Tirugnanasambandar describes the feature of the deity as:<ref>Tirugnanasambandar Tevaram, III: 95:7</ref>
{{cquote|எழில்திக ழும்பொழி லின்னம்பர் மேவிய 
நிழல்திகழ் மேனியி னீரே 
நிழல்திகழ் மேனியீ னீருமை நினைபவர் 
குழறிய கொடுவினை யிலரே.}}

Tirunavukkarasar describes the feature of the deity as:<ref>Tirunavukkarasar Tevaram, IV: 72:3</ref>
{{cquote|மறியொரு கையர் போலும் மாதுமை யுடையர் போலும் 
பறிதலைப் பிறவி நீக்கிப் பணிகொள வல்லர் போலும் 
செறிவுடை யங்க மாலை சேர்திரு வுருவர் போலும் 
எறிபுனற் சடையர் போலும் இன்னம்ப ரீச னாரே.}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commonscat}}
* {{cite web|title= Ezhuthtarinthar Temple, Tiruinnambar |url= http://www.shivatemples.com/nofc/nc45.php |publisher=Shiva Temples of Tamilnadu, Paadal Petra Sivasthalangal}}

{{Famous Shiva temples|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Shiva temples in Thanjavur district]]
[[Category:Padal Petra Stalam]]

Punjab Assembly

2023-12-01T18:48:53Z

Dhwanika Joshi: reworked information based on references and cleaned formatting for clarity

'''Punjab Assembly''' may refer to:

* [[Provincial Assembly of the Punjab]], the unicameral legislature in Lahore, Pakistan
* [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]], the unicameral legislature of the state of Punjab, northern India
* [[Punjab Legislative Assembly (British India)]], the legislature of the province of Punjab in British India, established by British authorities in 1910

{{Disambig}}