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Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam

2026-05-08T13:26:50Z

DexterEdmonson0: created a article

{{Short description|Indian political party}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
|party_name = Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam
|colorcode = {{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}
|logo =
|abbreviation = TVK
|president = [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]]
|general_secretary = [[N. Anand]]
|treasurer = [[P. Venkataramanan]]
|founder = Vijay
|foundation = {{start date and age|df=y|2024|02|02}}
|headquarters = Panaiyur, [[Chennai]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/protesting-sanitation-workers-call-on-tvk-chief-vijay-at-party-office/article69921228.ece|title=Protesting Chennai sanitation workers call on TVK chief Vijay|date=22 August 2025|access-date=1 January 2026|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|membership = 15 million+ (September 2025)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/news/tamilnadu/tvk-membership-rises-to-1-crore-1163142 | title=த.வெ.க. உறுப்பினர் சேர்க்கை 1½ கோடியாக உயர்ந்தது|trans-title=TVK membership count increases to 1.5 crores|work=[[Dina Thanthi]]|date=15 June 2025|lang=ta}}</ref>
| alliance = [[TVK-led Alliance|TVK+]] (2026–Present), [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]] (National) (2026-Present)
| position = [[Centre-left]]<ref name="CL">{{cite web|last=Tamilarasu|first=Prabhakar|date=4 September 2024|title='Thalapathy' Vijay is busy reading Ambedkar as his party plans to lean Left of Centre. Right's a no go|url=https://theprint.in/politics/thalapathy-vijay-is-busy-reading-ambedkar-as-his-party-plans-to-lean-left-of-centre-rights-a-no-go/2250688/|access-date=1 June 2025|work=[[ThePrint]]}}</ref>
| ideology = [[Secularism]] [[Social justice]] [[Egalitarianism]]
| colours = {{color box|{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}}} [[Red (colour)|Dark Red]] {{color box|#ffca00}} [[Yellow]]
| slogan = ''Pirappokkum Ella Uyirkkum'' ({{translation|All are equal by birth}}) (from ''[[Kural]]'' verse 972)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/photo-gallery/tvk-vijay-ideology-pirappokkum-ellaa-uyirkkum-thirukkural-meaning-in-tamil-thiruvalluvar-536343|title= பிறப்பொக்கும் எல்லா உயிர்க்கும் திருக்குறளின் அர்த்தம் என்ன?|trans-title=Pirappokkum Ellaa Uyirkkum Thirukkural Meaning|work=[[Zee News]]|date=30 October 2024|access-date=1 June 2025|lang=ta}}</ref>
| eci = [[List of political parties in India#State parties|State Party]]
| loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|543|hex={{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}}}
| rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|245|hex={{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}}}
| state_seats_name = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| state_seats = {{Composition bar|108|234|hex={{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}}}
| state2_seats_name = [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]
| state2_seats = {{Composition bar|2|30|hex={{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}}}
| no_states = {{Composition bar|1|31|hex={{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}}}
| website = {{url|tvkvijay.com}}
| Political position =
| flag = Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam Flag.jpeg
|electoral_symbol = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Whistle.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert|upright=.75|120px]] Whistle
}}
'''Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam''' ({{translation|Victory Party of [[Tamilakam]]}}; {{small|abbr.}} '''TVK''') is an Indian [[Regionalism (politics)|regional]] [[List of political parties in Tamil Nadu|political party]] active in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]] and the [[union territory]] of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] and. It was founded on 2 February 2024 by actor-turned-politician [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]], who became its first president. The party is headquartered in Panaiyur, [[Chennai]], and its idealogy is rooted in [[secularism]], [[social justice]], and communal harmony.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-05-04 |title=Tamil Nadu election results shocker: 5 factors that powered TVK Vijay's political blockbuster |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/tamil-nadu-election-results-shocker-5-factors-that-powered-tvk-vijays-political-blockbuster/articleshow/130789543.cms#:~:text=TVK%20has%20also%20built%20a,the%20BJP%20its%20ideological%20adversary. |access-date=2026-05-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==History==
===Origin and formation===
In July 2009, actor [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] organised his [[fan club]]s—reportedly numbering around 85,000 across Tamil Nadu,<ref>{{cite news|title=The fan factor: Thalapathy Vijay's political future hinges on turning his fan base into a powerful electoral force|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/the-fan-factor-thalapathy-vijays-political-future-hinges-on-turning-his-fan-base-into-a-powerful-electoral-force/articleshow/115121120.cms?from=mdr|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=3 February 2024|access-date=26 May 2025}}</ref> under the umbrella of a welfare association titled ''Vijay Makkal Iyakkam'' ({{Translation|Vijay's People Movement}}).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/tamil-nadu/vijays-fan-club-to-take-new-dimension-hints-at-his-political-plunge-2662255|title=Vijay's fan club to take 'new dimension', hints at his political plunge|date=26 August 2023|access-date=2 February 2024|archive-date=1 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201164524/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/tamil-nadu/vijays-fan-club-to-take-new-dimension-hints-at-his-political-plunge-2662255|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/did-you-know/vijay-makkal-iyakkam-was-launched-in-2009/articleshow/49134646.cms?from=mdr|title=Vijay Makkal Iyakkam was launched in 2009|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=28 September 2015|access-date=2 February 2024|archive-date=14 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114203024/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/did-you-know/vijay-makkal-iyakkam-was-launched-in-2009/articleshow/49134646.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref> The association supported the [[AIADMK-led Alliance]] in the [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011 elections]] for the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Actor-Vijays-Makkal-Iyakkam-to-support-AIADMK/article14964256.ece|title=Actor Vijay's Makkal Iyakkam to support AIADMK|date=27 March 2011|access-date=1 June 2025|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> After a period of non-involvement in politics, the organisation contested the local body elections in Tamil Nadu in 2021 and won 115 out of the 169 seats it contested.<ref>{{cite news|last=Chandrababu|first=Divya|title=Actor Vijay's fans win more 115 seats in Tamil Nadu local body polls|work=[[The Hindustan Times]]|date=15 January 2021|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/actor-vijay-s-fans-win-more-115-seats-in-tamil-nadu-local-body-polls-101634239372635.html|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=22 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622144821/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/actor-vijay-s-fans-win-more-115-seats-in-tamil-nadu-local-body-polls-101634239372635.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Vijay made occasional political statements such as condemning the [[Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019|Citizenship (Amendment) Act]] in February 2019,<ref>{{cite news|date=22 February 2019|title=Tamil Superstar Vijay Calls Citizenship Law CAA "Unacceptable"|url=https://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/tamil-superstar-vijay-calls-citizenship-law-caa-unacceptable-5223157|access-date=12 March 2024|work=[[NDTV]]|archive-date=6 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241006100939/https://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/tamil-superstar-vijay-calls-citizenship-law-caa-unacceptable-5223157|url-status=live}}</ref> and criticising the other political parties in an event in June 2023.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 June 2023|title=Actor Vijay speaks to students at meet in Chennai, takes a potshot at political parties|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/actor-vijay-speaks-students-meet-chennai-takes-potshot-political-parties-178622|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201164524/https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/actor-vijay-speaks-students-meet-chennai-takes-potshot-political-parties-178622|archive-date=1 February 2024|access-date=1 February 2024|work=News Minute}}</ref> On 2 February 2024, Vijay announced the launch of his political party, ''Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam'' (TVK), and stated his intent to contest the [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026 Tamil Nadu assembly elections]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Tamil actor Thalapathy Vijay announces political party, names it 'Thamizhaga Vettri Kazhagam'|date=2 February 2024|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/thalapathy-vijay-announces-his-political-party-names-it-tamilaga-vettri-kazhagam-2496698-2024-02-02|work=[[India Today]]|access-date=2 February 2024|archive-date=2 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202081304/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/thalapathy-vijay-announces-his-political-party-names-it-tamilaga-vettri-kazhagam-2496698-2024-02-02|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2 February 2024|title='Thalapathy' Vijay floats political party, names it 'Thamizhaga Vettri Kazhagam'|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/thalapathy-vijay-announces-his-political-party-thamizaga-vettri-kazhagam-tvk-2876774|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241006101055/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/thalapathy-vijay-announces-his-political-party-thamizaga-vettri-kazhagam-tvk-2876774|archive-date=6 October 2024|access-date=2 February 2024|work=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref>

In July 2024, Vijay called for the abolishment of the [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|National Eligibility cum Entrance Test]],<ref>{{cite news|date=3 July 2024|title=Actor-politician Vijay demands abolishment of NEET and for education to be under State list|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/actor-politician-vijay-demands-abolishment-of-neet-and-for-education-to-be-under-state-list/article68362353.ece|access-date=2 October 2025|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=3 July 2024|title=Actor Vijay calls for ban on NEET exam, claims bias against rural students|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/tamil-nadu/story/actor-vijay-tamil-nadu-ban-neet-examination-mk-stalin-medical-entrance-2561578-2024-07-03|access-date=1 June 2024|work=[[India Today]]}}</ref> and demanded that the subject of education be moved from the [[Concurrent List]] back to the [[State List]].<ref>{{cite news|date=3 July 2024|title=Actor-politician Vijay demands abolishment of NEET and for education to be under State list|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/actor-politician-vijay-demands-abolishment-of-neet-and-for-education-to-be-under-state-list/article68362353.ece|access-date=1 June 2025|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> In September 2024, TVK announced its ideological alignment with [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]], following the ideologies of [[Ambedkar]], [[Periyar]], and [[Kamaraj]].<ref name="CL"/><ref>{{cite news|date=26 October 2024|title=Tamil Nadu: Vijay hints at TVK's ideologies ahead of first political conference|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadu-vijay-hints-at-tvks-ideologies-ahead-of-first-political-conference|access-date=26 October 2024|work=The News Minute}}</ref> The party further rejected any association with [[right-wing politics]].<ref>{{cite news|date=28 October 2024|title=DMK political enemy, BJP ideological foe: Actor Vijay|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/dmk-political-enemy-bjp-ideological-foe-actor-vijay/articleshow/114665569.cms|access-date=24 August 2025|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

=== Rallies and further events ===
On 27 October 2024, TVK held its first political conference in [[Vikravandi]], which was reportedly attended by over 800,000 people.<ref>{{cite news|date=27 October 2024|title=த.வெ.க. மாநாட்டுக்கு 8 லட்சம் பேர் வருகை - 7 மணிக்குள் நிகழ்ச்சியை முடிக்க காவல்துறை அறிவுறுத்தல்|trans-title=8 lakh people turn up for TVK conference, police instructions to end event by 7 pm|url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/news/tamilnadu/8-lakh-people-turn-up-for-tvk-conference-police-instructions-to-end-event-by-7-pm-744427|access-date=1 June 2025|work=[[Maalai Malar]]|lang=ta}}</ref> In the rally, Vijay unveiled the party's ideology as "secular social justice, and supporting [[social justice]], [[secularism]], [[egalitarianism]], two-language policy, and [[democracy]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Shivani|first=Nitika|date=26 October 2024|title=Icons of social justice, Tamil pride and Vijay: What TVK debut rally has in store|url=https://thesouthfirst.com/tamilnadu/icons-of-social-justice-tamil-pride-and-vijay-what-tvk-debut-rally-has-in-store/|access-date=1 June 2025|work=The South First}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2024-10-27|title=Misleading people under guise of Dravidian mode: Actor-turned-politician Vijay's veiled jibe at DMK|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/misleading-people-under-guise-of-dravidian-mode-actor-turned-politician-vijays-veiled-jibe-at-dmk/articleshow/114661530.cms?from=mdr|access-date=1 June 2025|work=[[The Economic Times]]|issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=27 October 2024|title=My party is committed to secular social justice principles: Vijay|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/my-party-is-committed-to-secular-social-justice-principles-vijay/article68804189.ece|access-date=1 June 2025|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> During the conference, Vijay termed the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) as an "ideological opponent" due to its right-wing politics and the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK) as a "political adversary" due to its alleged corruption and dynastic politics.<ref>{{cite news|title='BJP Ideological Opponent, DMK Political Adversary': Actor-Turned-Politician Vijay At TVK Rally|url=https://www.news18.com/politics/bjp-ideological-opponent-dmk-political-adversary-actor-turned-politician-vijay-at-tvk-rally-9101032.html|date=27 October 2024|access-date=11 March 2025|work=[[News18]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Nair|first=Shilpa|title=Actor Vijay calls out 'dynastic selfish family', DMK says no basis to remarks|work=India Today|date=28 October 2024|access-date=8 October 2025|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/tamil-nadu/story/actor-vijay-tamilaga-vettri-kazhagam-tvk-rally-villupuram-bjp-dmk-corruption-2624107-2024-10-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241029051244/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/tamil-nadu/story/actor-vijay-tamilaga-vettri-kazhagam-tvk-rally-villupuram-bjp-dmk-corruption-2624107-2024-10-28|archive-date=29 October 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 3 November 2024, the party passed 26 resolutions criticising the central and state governments.<ref>{{cite news|title=TVK passes 26 resolutions against Centre, DMK govt|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tvk-passes-26-resolutions-against-centre-dmk-govt-101730661487905.html|work=[[The Hindustan Times]]|date=3 November 2024|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=3 November 2024|title=Centre's dream of imposing a third language in T.N. will never come true: actor Vijay's TVK|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/centres-dream-of-imposing-a-third-language-in-tn-will-never-come-true-actor-vijays-tvk/article68826255.ece|access-date=1 June 2025|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> After the conference, TVK attracted reaching out to youth, which prompted traditional parties like the DMK and the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK) to increase their efforts to retain their voter base ahead of the 2026 elections.<ref>{{cite web|last=Tamilarasu|first=Prabhakar|date=12 November 2024|title=Vijay's TVK has stirred up TN politics. Dravidian parties rush to draw youth, smaller ones wary too|url=https://theprint.in/politics/vijays-tvk-has-stirred-up-tn-politics-dravidian-parties-rush-to-draw-youth-smaller-ones-wary-too/2351735/|access-date=13 November 2024|work=[[ThePrint]]}}</ref>

On 13 February 2025, the party announced a large-scale enrollment drive with plans to appoint over 70,000 booth agents and restructure its internal hierarchy in preparation for the 2026 state elections.<ref>{{cite news|date=13 February 2025|title=Vijay-Led TVK Announces Massive Expansion Ahead of 2026 Tamil Nadu Elections|url=https://english.hindusthansamachar.in/Encyc/2025/2/13/Vijay-Led-TVK-Announces-Massive-Expansion.php|access-date=26 May 2025|work=Hindusthan Samachar}}</ref> On 16 April 2025, the [[All India Muslim Jamaat]] reportedly issued a ''[[fatwa]]'' (a legal opinion in Islamic law) on TVK chief Vijay in relation to a recent [[iftar]] gathering hosted by his party and his [[Anti-Islamic conspiracy theories|anti-Islamic]] behavior, alleging that some of Vijay's film roles have depicted Muslims in a negative manner, including associating them with terrorism.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kumar |first=Mayank |date=16 April 2025 |title=U.P. cleric issues fatwa against Vijay, asks Muslims to distance themselves from TVK chief |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/all-india-muslim-jamaat-leader-issues-fatwa-against-actor-turned-politician-vijay/article69457475.ece |access-date=27 April 2026 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=17 April 2025 |title=Fatwa issued against Thalapathy Vijay sparks controversy ahead of 'Jana Nayagan' release |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/fatwa-issued-against-thalapathy-vijay-sparks-controversy-ahead-of-jana-nayagan-release/articleshow/120369522.cms |access-date=27 April 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=17 April 2025 |title=Fatwa issued against actor Vijay over controversial iftar party |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/fatwa-issued-against-actor-vijay-over-controversial-iftar-party/articleshow/120363914.cms |access-date=27 April 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

On 26 April 2025, the party held a meeting of the party functionaries in Coimbatore, where Vijay stated his commitment to establish a corruption-free, transparent, and accountable government.<ref>{{cite news|date=28 April 2025|title=Vijay vows corruption-free govt at TVK booth agents meet in Coimbatore|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/vijay-vows-corruption-free-govt-at-tvk-booth-agents-meet-in-coimbatore|access-date=1 June 2025|work=The News Minute}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=11 May 2025|title=TVK functionaries told to enrol members, bolster party from booth level|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2025/May/11/tvk-functionaries-told-to-enrol-members-bolster-party-frombooth-level|access-date=1 June 2025|work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>

On 21 August 2025, the party held its second conference in [[Madurai]], where Vijay continued to attack the BJP and the DMK, while praising former actor-turned politicians [[M. G. Ramachandran]] and [[Vijayakanth]]. He also reiterated his promise for the safety of women, welfare of youth, elderly and [[Transgender|trans persons]], farmers, labourers, weavers, fisherfolk.<ref>{{cite news|last=Janardhanan|first=Arun|title=Vijay taunts 'Stalin uncle', makes pitch to become Tamil Nadu's main Opposition with 3-lakh-strong rally in Madurai|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=21 August 2025|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/vijay-taunts-stalin-uncle-tamil-nadu-main-opposition-10203340/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20250821202300/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/vijay-taunts-stalin-uncle-tamil-nadu-main-opposition-10203340/|archive-date=21 August 2025|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Bose|first=Subash Chandra|title='Stalin uncle, fascist BJP, betrayed MGR': Vijay rules out alliances at TVK's second state conference|work=The South First|date=21 August 2025|access-date=7 October 2025|url=https://thesouthfirst.com/tamilnadu/stalin-uncle-fascist-bjp-betrayed-mgr-vijay-rules-out-alliances-at-tvks-second-state-conference/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20251007131038/https://thesouthfirst.com/tamilnadu/stalin-uncle-fascist-bjp-betrayed-mgr-vijay-rules-out-alliances-at-tvks-second-state-conference/|archive-date=7 October 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> He also called for the retrieval of the island of [[Katchatheevu]] from Sri Lanka.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sri Lanka doubles down on Katchatheevu after Vijay blasts navy killings|work=[[Tamil Guardian]]|date=1 September 2025|access-date=7 October 2025|url=https://www.tamilguardian.com/content/sri-lanka-doubles-down-katchatheevu-after-vijay-blasts-navy-killings|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250901140719/https://www.tamilguardian.com/content/sri-lanka-doubles-down-katchatheevu-after-vijay-blasts-navy-killings|archive-date=1 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 27 September 2025, during a campaign rally hosted by Vijay in the outskirts of [[Karur]], a [[2025 Karur crowd crush|crowd crush resulted in the deaths of at least 41 people]] and left 80 others injured.<ref>{{cite news|date=29 September 2025|title=TVK Karur rally stampede: Death toll climbs to 41|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tvk-vijay-karur-rally-stampede-death-toll-september-29-2025/article70107509.ece|access-date=29 September 2025|work=[[The Hindu]]|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=C. Jaisankar|date=27 September 2025|title=At least 39 dead in stampede at actor Vijay's rally in Karur|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/vijay-tvk-rally-karur-september-27-2025/article70102762.ece|access-date=29 September 2025|work=[[The Hindu]]|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Vijay shared a statement on social media expressing his condolences and announced that he intended to pay the families of the deceased {{INRConvert|2|m}}, and the injured {{INRConvert|0.2|m}}.<ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2025|title=Vijay announces ₹20 lakh for kin of Karur stampede victims, ₹2 lakh for injured|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/vijay-announces-20-lakh-for-kin-of-karur-stampede-victims-2-lakh-for-injured-101759039919983.html|access-date=28 September 2025|work=[[The Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> On 27 October 2025, Vijay met with victim's families in [[Mamallapuram]] to express his condolences.<ref>{{cite news|date=27 October 2025|title=A month after Karur stampede, TVK chief Vijay meets families of victims at Mamallapuram resort|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/a-month-after-karur-stampede-vijay-meets-families-of-victims-at-mamallapuram-resort-101761538885882.html|access-date=2025-10-27|work=[[The Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Madhav|first=Pramod|date=27 October 2025|title=TVK chief Vijay meets Karur stampede victims' families at Mamallapuram resort|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/tvk-chief-vijay-closed-door-meeting-karur-stampede-victims-families-mahabalipuram-2808807-2025-10-27|access-date=27 October 2025|work=[[India Today]]}}</ref> The incident led to multiple litigation, and subsequent [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] inquiry into the incident.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.scobserver.in/journal/supreme-court-orders-cbi-probe-into-karur-stampede-constitutes-retired-judge-led-oversight-panel/|title=Supreme Court orders CBI probe into Karur stampede, constitutes retired judge-led Oversight Panel|date=14 October 2025|access-date=1 January 2026|work=Supreme Court Observer}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/cbi-again-summons-tvk-president-vijay-on-january-19/article70505745.ece|title=Karur stampede case: CBI again summons TVK president Vijay on January 19|date=13 January 2026|access-date=26 January 2026|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

On 4 March 2026, supporters of TVK were reported to have created several fake [[social media]] accounts impersonating [[Mass media|media outlets]], as well as fictitious media organizations. These accounts allegedly disseminated false and defamatory remarks about journalists and media organizations. They also posted derogatory content targeting leaders and functionaries of various political parties in Tamil Nadu. The Chennai Press Club described the incident as an attempt to suppress [[Freedom of speech|freedom of expression]] and urged actor [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] to take action against those responsible.<ref>{{cite news |date=4 March 2026 |title=TVK supporters target media outlets online, draw ire |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tvk-supporters-target-media-outlets-online-draw-ire/article70702046.ece |access-date=28 April 2026 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

On 7 March 2026, the party held [[International Women's Day]] celebration at [[Mamallapuram|Mahabalipuram]] near Chennai. During the event, party leader Vijay unveiled the party's first set of promises, ahead of the 2026 Tamil Nadu assembly elections.<ref>{{cite news |title=TVK chief Vijay makes string of promises for women, gold for marriage, monthly aid of Rs 2,500 |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/india/tvk-chief-vijay-makes-string-of-promises-for-women-gold-for-marriage-monthly-aid-of-rs-2500/ |work=[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]] |date=7 March 2026 |access-date=8 March 2026}}</ref> The announcements were primarily women-centric, and included monthly financial assistance, free [[Liquefied Petroleum Gas|LPG]] cylinders, free bus travel in government buses, one sovereign of gold and silk [[sari]] for brides from poor families, gold ring and welcome kit for newborns, educational assistance for poor students, and dedicated safety teams for women's safety.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vijay Unveils Major Women-Centric Welfare Promises at TVK Women's Day Celebrations |url=https://newstodaynet.com/2026/03/07/vijay-unveils-major-women-centric-welfare-promises-at-tvk-womens-day-celebrations/ |work=News Today |date=7 March 2026 |access-date=8 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=TVK's Vijay announces free sanitary pads, smart panic buttons and more as poll promise |url=https://aninews.in/news/national/politics/tvks-vijay-announces-free-sanitary-pads-smart-panic-buttons-and-more-as-poll-promise20260307211127/ |work=[[ANI News]] |date=7 March 2026 |access-date=8 March 2026}}</ref>

=== Assembly election ===
On 18 March 2026, Vijay stated that the party would contest alone in all the seats in the upcoming 2026 Tamil Nadu assembly elections.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vijay's TVK confirms to contest solo for upcoming 2026 election |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/tamil-nadu-assembly/tvk-chief-vijay-rules-out-alliances-says-no-compromise-on-secular-social-justice-principles/article70758507.ece |date=19 March 2026 |access-date=19 March 2026 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Vijay TVK: Actor rules out AIADMK-BJP tie, to contest polls alone |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/tamil-nadu/no-alliance-with-aiadmk-bjp-will-contest-independently-vijay-3936822 |access-date=19 March 2026 |date=19 March 2026 |work=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref> On 29 March 2026, the party announced the candidates for all the seats,<ref>{{cite news |date=30 March 2026 |title=Tamil Nadu Assembly elections: Full list of TVK candidates |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/tamil-nadu-assembly/tamil-nadu-2026-assembly-elections-tvk-vijay-candidates-full-list/article70799077.ece |access-date=31 March 2026 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> and released the manifesto for the elections.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadu-poll-manifesto-tvk-chief-vijay-promises-drug-free-state-monthly-assistance-for-students/articleshow/129877083.cms |title=TVK Vijay promises drug free state and monthly assistance for students |date=29 March 2026 |access-date=31 March 2026 |work=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref> Vijay started his campaign for the elections on 30 March 2026, after filing his nomination to contest the elections from the [[Perambur Assembly constituency]]. A case was subsequently registered against him by the election officer for violating the [[Model Code of Conduct]] during the campaign.<ref>{{cite news |date=31 March 2026 |title=Tamil Nadu election: Vijay, TVK cadre booked for conducting roadshow in violation of poll code |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/tamil-nadu-assembly/tamil-nadu-election-vijay-tvk-cadre-booked-for-conducting-roadshow-in-violation-of-poll-code/article70805776.ece |access-date=31 March 2026 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In the assembly elections in Tamil Nadu, TVK emerged as the single largest party, winning 108 out of the 234 seats in the state assembly.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/tamil-nadu-assembly/tamil-nadu-assembly-elections-2026-results-tvk-chief-vijay-makes-stunning-debut-disrupts-state-bipolar-politics/article70939583.ece|title=TVK chief Vijay makes stunning debut, disrupts T.N.'s bipolar politics but falls short of magic figure |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=4 May 2026 |access-date=4 May 2026}}</ref>

== Current office bearers ==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"
!style="background-color:{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}};color:white"|Member
!style="background-color:{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}};color:white"|Past elected positions
!style="background-color:{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}};color:white"|Party position
|-
|[[File:Vijay at Protest of the Nadigar Sangam.jpg|100px]] [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]]
|
|President<ref name="Office">{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadu-vijay-announces-new-office-bearers-1858026|title=Tamil Nadu: Vijay announces new office-bearers|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=31 January 2025|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref>
|-
|| [[N. Anand]]
|
* Former [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|member]] of the [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pondicherry-pmc-wins-from-bussy-cassicade-constituency/articleshow/1525097.cms|date=11 May 2005|title=Pondicherry: PMC wins from Bussy, Cassicade constituency|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref>
|General secretary<ref>{{cite news|date=16 September 2024|title=TVK condemns Sri Lankan navy's 'aggression' on TN fishers, gives aid to boat owner|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2024/Sep/16/tvk-condemns-sri-lankan-navys-aggression-on-tn-fishers-gives-aid-to-boat-owner|access-date=22 October 2024|work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>
|-
|[[CTR Nirmal Kumar]]
|
|Deputy general secretary<ref name="Office"/>
|-
|[[P. Venkataramanan]]
|
|Treasurer<ref name="Office2">{{cite news|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/vijay-chairs-tvks-special-general-committee-meeting-in-mahabalipuram20251105174253/|title=Vijay chairs TVK's Special General Committee Meeting in Mahabalipuram|date=5 November 2025|access-date=1 January 2026|work=[[ANI News]]}}</ref>
|-
|John Arokiyasamy
|
|Election strategist<ref name="Office"/>
|-
| [[Aadhav Arjuna]]
|
|Campaign management general secretary<ref name="Office"/>
|-
|K. G. Arunraj
|
|Propaganda & policy general secretary.<ref>{{cite news|date=6 June 2025|title=Ex-IRS officer Arunraj joins Vijay's TVK, gets party post|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/ex-irs-officer-arunraj-joins-vijay-tvk-tamilaga-vettri-kazhagam-gets-party-post/article69674108.ece|access-date=1 July 2025|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:K.A. Sengottaiyan.jpg|100px]] [[K. A. Sengottaiyan]]
|
* Former cabinet minister in the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]<ref>{{cite news|work=[[The Economic Times]] |url=http://www.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/31-member-palaniswami-cabinet-to-be-sworn-in-at-430pm/articleshow/57185887.cms|first=Julie|last=Mariappan|date=16 February 2017|title=31-member Palaniswami cabinet to be sworn in at 4.30pm|access-date=5 May 2017}}</ref>
* Nine time [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/ka-sengottaiyan-former-tn-minister-expelled-from-aiadmk-joins-tvk/article70329096.ece|title=Sengottaiyan, former Tamil Nadu Minister expelled from AIADMK, joins Vijay's TVK|date=26 November 2025|access-date=26 November 2025|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|Chief coordinator of the high-level administrative committee<ref>{{cite news|date=29 November 2025|title=As expelled Sengottaiyan joins Vijay's TVK, what's at stake for AIADMK?|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/as-expelled-sengottaiyan-joins-vijays-tvk-whats-at-stake-for-aiadmk-2827542-2025-11-29|access-date=11 December 2025|work=[[India Today]]}}</ref>
|-
|Rajasekar
|
|Headquarters secretary<ref name="Office3">{{cite news|url=https://thesouthfirst.com/tamilnadu/tvk-general-council-meeting-grants-vijay-total-control-over-party-decisions/|title=TVK general council meeting grants Vijay total control over party decisions|date=28 March 2025|access-date=1 June 2025|work=South First}}</ref>
|-
| [[Rajmohan Arumugam]]
|Propaganda secretary<ref name="Office"/>
|-
|[[Nanjil Sampath]]
|
|Campaign secretary<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/nanjil-sampath-appointed-as-tvks-campaign-secretary/articleshow/125809469.cms|title=Nanjil Sampath appointed as TVK's campaign secretary|date=7 December 2025|access-date=7 December 2025|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|[[C. Vijayalakshmi]]
|
|Membership secretary<ref name="Office3"/>
|-
|[[I. Thahira]]
|
|Joint secretary<ref name="Office3"/>
|}

==List of party leaders==
===President===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}};color:white"|No.
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}};color:white"|Name
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}};color:white"|Image
!colspan=3 style="background-color:{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}};color:white"|Term in office
|-
!style="background-color:{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}};color:white"|Assumed office
!style="background-color:{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}};color:white"|Left office
!style="background-color:{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}};color:white"|Time in office
|-
!1
|'''[[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]]''' ({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1974)
|[[File:Vijay at Protest of the Nadigar Sangam.jpg|100px]]
|2 February 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{age in years and days|2024|02|02}}
|}

=== General Secretary ===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}};color:white"|No.
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}};color:white"|Name
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}};color:white"|Image
!colspan=3 style="background-color:{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}};color:white"|Term in office
|-
!style="background-color:{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}};color:white"|Assumed office
!style="background-color:{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}};color:white"|Left office
!style="background-color:{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}};color:white"|Time in office
|-
!1
|'''[[N. Anand]]''' ({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1964)
||
|2 February 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{age in years and days|2024|02|02}}
|}

==Electoral performance==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!style="background-color:{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}};color:white"|Year
!style="background-color:{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}};color:white"|Party leader
!style="background-color:{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}};color:white"|Seats contested
!style="background-color:{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}};color:white"|Seats won in assembly
!style="background-color:{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}};color:white"|Change in seats
!style="background-color:{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}};color:white"|Popular vote
!style="background-color:{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}};color:white"|Percentage of votes
!style="background-color:{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}};color:white"|Vote Swing
|-
| colspan=8|[[File:TamilNadu Logo.svg|18px]] [[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
| [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]]
| 233
| {{Composition bar|108|234|{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| colspan=8|[[File:Emblem of the Government of Puducherry.png|18px]] [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
|-
| [[2026 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]]
| 28
| {{Composition bar |2|30|{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}}}
|
|
|
|
|}

==See also==
* [[Politics of Tamil Nadu]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==

* [https://tvkitwing.com/ TVK IT wing]


{{Political parties in India}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:2024 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Dravidian political parties]] [[Category:Leftist organisations in India]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 2024]]
[[Category:State political parties in Puducherry]]
[[Category:State political parties in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Socialist parties in India]]
[[Category:Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam]]
[[Category:Vijay (actor)]]

Rajkumar Kasireddy

2026-05-08T02:59:01Z

DexterEdmonson0: creating biography...

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}
{{family name hatnote|Kasireddy|lang=Telugu}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Rajkumar Kasireddy
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1992|01|12|df=y}}
| birth_place = bhadravaram[[Yeleswaram mandal|J. Annavaram]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| nationality =
| education = [[Bachelor of Science|BSc]]
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2019{{ndash}}present
}}
'''Rajkumar Kasireddy''' (born 12 January 1992) is an Indian actor and comedian who appears in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu films]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-04-28 |title=I don't keep count of my movies, I want to be part of quality products, says Rajkumar Kasireddy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/i-dont-keep-count-of-my-movies-i-want-to-be-part-of-quality-products-says-rajkumar-kasireddy/articleshow/74831121.cms |access-date=2025-10-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He made his debut with ''[[Raja Vaaru Rani Gaaru]]'' (2019). His notable films include ''[[Ashoka Vanamlo Arjuna Kalyanam]]'' (2022), ''[[Bedurulanka 2012]]'' (2023), ''[[Aay (film)|Aay]]'' (2024).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2024-08-16 |title='Aay' movie review: An enjoyable, lighthearted social drama from the Godavari region |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/aay-movie-review-an-enjoyable-lighthearted-social-drama-from-the-godavari-region/article68531522.ece |access-date=2025-10-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> and [[Lucky Baskhar]]

== Early life and career==
Rajkumar Kasireddy was born in [[Yeleswaram mandal|J. Annavaram]], [[East Godavari district]] (now in [[Kakinada district]]), [[Andhra Pradesh]], India. Since his childhood, he developed an interest towards music watching his grandfather playing harmonium. He aspired to be a music composer and has pursued a diploma in music from [[Andhra University]] alongside having a [[Bachelor of Science|BSc]] degree.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=2024-08-24 |title=Rajkumar Kasireddy: Career build in versatility and dedication |url=https://telanganatoday.com/rajkumar-kasireddy-career-build-in-versatility-and-dedication |access-date=2025-10-07 |website=Telangana Today |language=en}}</ref>

After auditioning in Hyderabad, he made his acting debut in his friend Ravi Kiran Kola's directorial ''[[Raja Vaaru Rani Gaaru]]'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chowdhary |first=Y. Sunita |date=2019-12-25 |title=Meet Rajkumar Kasireddy and Yazurved, the fun duo of 'Raja Vaaru Rani Gaaru' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/meet-rajkumar-kasireddy-and-yazurved-the-fun-duo-of-raja-vaaru-rani-gaaru/article30395031.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227103853/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/meet-rajkumar-kasireddy-and-yazurved-the-fun-duo-of-raja-vaaru-rani-gaaru/article30395031.ece |archive-date=27 December 2019 |access-date=2025-10-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/meet-rajkumar-kasireddy-and-yazurved-the-fun-duo-of-raja-vaaru-rani-gaaru/article30395031.ece|title=The unlikely scene stealers in 'Raja Vaaru Rani Gaaru'|first=Y. Sunita|last=Chowdhary|date=25 December 2019|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=11 December 2021|archive-date=11 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211192813/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/meet-rajkumar-kasireddy-and-yazurved-the-fun-duo-of-raja-vaaru-rani-gaaru/article30395031.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> He has since appeared in various comic roles. His comedic performance in the romantic comedy ''[[Aay (film)|Aay]]'' (2024) received critical praise.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Telugu Movie Aay Review: Narne Nithiin, Ankith Koyya Deliver A Performance Worth Watching |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/telugu-movie-aay-review-narne-nithiin-ankith-koyya-deliver-a-performance-worth-watching-9017671.html |access-date=2025-10-07 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aay Review: The Narne Nithin starrer is a fun-filled village drama |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/aay-review-the-narne-nithin-starrer-is-a-fun-filled-village-drama/311fadda8a38 |access-date=2025-10-07 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
|-
|2019
|''[[Raja Vaaru Rani Gaaru]]''
|Chowdary
|
|-
|2021
|''[[Arjuna Phalguna]]''
|Rambabu
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |2022
|''[[Stand Up Rahul]]''
|Rahul's friend
|
|-
|''[[Bloody Mary (2022 film)|Bloody Mary]]''
|Raju
|
|-
|''[[Ashoka Vanamlo Arjuna Kalyanam]]''
|Photographer
|Nominated{{Ndash}}[[SIIMA Award for Best Comedian – Telugu|SIIMA Award for Best Comedian]]
|-
|''Chittam Maharani''
|
|
|-
|''[[Sita Ramam]]''
|Passerby
|[[Cameo appearance]]
|-
|''[[Ranga Ranga Vaibhavanga]]''
|Rishi’s friend
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023
|''[[Rangabali (film)|Rangabali]]''
|Raju
|
|-
|''[[Bedurulanka 2012]]''
|Kasiraju
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024
|''[[Aay (film)|Aay]]''
|Subbu
|
|-
|''[[Lucky Baskhar]]''
|Samba
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2025
|''[[Kingdom (2025 film)|Kingdom]]''
|Singha
|
|-
|''[[Gurram Paapi Reddy]]''
|Military
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2026
|''[[Nawab Cafe]]''
|
|
|-
|''Mension House Mallesh''
|Veerababu
|
|-
|''Don Bosko''
|Vicky
|Post-Production
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Network
|-
|2022
|''[[Aha Naa Pellanta (TV series)|Aha Naa Pellanta]]''
|Donga Gopal
| rowspan="2" |[[ZEE5]]
|-
|2024
|''[[Paruvu]]''
|Chakravarthi
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|id=10954571}}
{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kasireddy Rajkumar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:People from East Godavari district]]
[[Category:Male actors from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:Telugu comedians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian comedians]]

Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 19

2026-05-07T09:20:56Z

DexterEdmonson0: creating info

{{short description|Episodes aired 2025}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Bigg Boss'' (Hindi TV series) season 19}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox television season
| season_number = 19
| image = Bigg Boss Hindi Season 19 logo.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| image_alt =
| caption =
| italic_title =
| bgcolour = #4A0B5E
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Salman Khan]]
| num_days = 106
| num_housemates = 18
| winner = [[Gaurav Khanna]]
| runner_up = [[Farrhana Bhatt|Farhana Bhatt]]
}}
| num_episodes = 107
| network = [[Disney+ Hotstar|JioHotstar]] [[Colors TV]]
| first_aired = {{start date|2025|08|24|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2025|12|07|df=y}}
| prev_series = [[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 18|Season 18]]
| next_series =
}}

'''''Bigg Boss 19''''', also known as '''''Bigg Boss: Iss Baar Chalegi Gharwalon Ki Sarkaar''''', was the nineteenth season of the Indian [[Hindi]]-language reality television series ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series)|Bigg Boss]]''. It premiered on 24 August 2025 on [[Colors TV]] and streamed digitally on [[JioHotstar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19 to premiere on THIS date; Salman Khan returns as host |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-19-to-premiere-on-this-date-salman-khan-returns-as-host/articleshow/122876543.cms |website=The Times of India |date=31 July 2025 |access-date=8 December 2025}}</ref> [[Salman Khan]] hosted the show for the sixteenth consecutive season.<ref>{{cite web |title=Salman Khan confirmed as Bigg Boss 19 host; teaser out |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/salman-khan-confirmed-as-bigg-boss-19-host-teaser-out-101753967339075.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=31 July 2025}}</ref> The grand finale aired on 7 December 2025 where [[Gaurav Khanna]] emerged as the winner and [[Farhana Bhatt]] finished as the runner-up.<ref> {{cite news |title=Bigg Boss 19 Finale Highlights: Gaurav Khanna wins Salman Khan's show |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-19-winner-gaurav-khanna-lifts-trophy-takes-home-50-rs-lakh-10398357/ |website=The Indian Express |date=7 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bigg Boss 19 Grand Finale: Gaurav Khanna lifts the trophy, Farhana Bhat is first runner-up |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-19-grand-finale-live-updates-gaurav-khanna-bhatt-tanya-mittal-voting-result-today-salman-khan-bb-19-finale-prize-money-latest-news/liveblog/125815422.cms |website=The Times of India |date=7 December 2025}}</ref> The season had the most successful debut in the show's history & the season went on to become one of the most successful seasons in the show's history.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/bigg-boss-19-shatters-records-with-biggest-ott-launch-in-india-on-jiocinema-101756465608300-amp.html|title=Bigg Boss 19 shatters records with the biggest OTT launch in India on JioHotstar|website=Hindustan times|date=29 August 2025 |access-date= 29 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rao |first=Anisha |date=2025-12-02 |title=What made Bigg Boss 19 work: Season that brought the reality TV show back to life |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/television/story/what-made-bigg-boss-19-work-season-that-brought-the-reality-tv-show-back-to-life-2828958-2025-12-02 |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

==Production==
===Development and theme===
The season's tagline was ''"Iss Baar Chalegi Gharwalon Ki Sarkaar"'' (This time, the housemates will rule), introducing a parliament-style twist where housemates formed a government, held assembly debates, and made key decisions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19 teaser: Salman Khan turns politician, promises 'gharwalon ki sarkaar' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/bigg-boss-19-teaser-salman-khan-turns-politician-promises-gharwalon-ki-sarkaar-101753967339075.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=31 July 2025}}</ref>
===Promotions===
On 23 August 2025, [[Disney+ Hotstar|JioHotstar]] and [[Colors TV]] released promotional clips featuring confirmed contestants [[Gaurav Khanna]], Awez Darbar, Nagma Mirajkar, and [[Amaal Mallik]]. The teasers, shared via JioHotstar Reality's Instagram, showcased Khanna performing a dance to ''Main Hoon Na'', described as the "audience ka favourite beta" with the caption, "Jhalak mein jab itna mazza, puri picture mein toh lagega tadka." (''"When the glimpse is so much fun, the full picture will surely add spice!"'') Darbar and Mirajkar performed a couple's dance, with the caption, "Pyaar dosti hai, aur aisi hi ek jodi aa rahi Bigg Boss ke ghar mein! Kya banegi pyaar se sarkaar ya takraar?" Mallik featured a rendition of ''Kaun Tujhe Yun Pyar Karega'', captioned, "Apne sur se dil jeetne wala aa raha hai ab apni sarkaar banane."<ref name="OTTPlayGaurav">{{Cite web |title=Countdown to Bigg Boss 19 grand premiere: TV's 'favourite beta' Gaurav Khanna's entry teased |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/countdown-to-bigg-boss-19-grand-premiere-tvs-favourite-beta-gaurav-khannas-entry-teased/7b14f16849766 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref><ref name="IndiaForumsAwezNagma">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19: Awez Darbar and Nagma Mirajkar's first look from premiere revealed |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/bigg-boss-19-awez-darbar-and-nagma-mirajkars-first-look-from-premiere-revealed_226315 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=India Forums |language=en}}</ref><ref name="OTTPlayAmaal">{{Cite web |title=Countdown to Bigg Boss 19 grand premiere: Amaal Mallik enters Salman Khan's reality show with romantic vibes |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/countdown-to-bigg-boss-19-grand-premiere-amaal-malik-enters-salman-khans-reality-show-with-romantic-vibes-watch/a002659469756 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> On 24 August 2025, a teaser featured [[Neelam Giri (actress)|Neelam Giri]] dancing to ''Patli Kamar'' and Natalia Janoszek to ''Besharam Rang'', described as "Desi chhori" and "Videshi gori," respectively, with the caption, "Desi chhori aur videshi gori ki niraali adaa, inhe dekh sab honge fida!" (''"The unique charm of the local girl and the foreign beauty, everyone will be smitten watching them!"'').<ref name="ZeeNewsPremiere">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19 Grand Premiere Highlights: Salman Khan Back As Host, Welcomes All New 16 Contestants - As It Happened |url=https://zeenews.india.com/television/live-updates/bigg-boss-19-grand-premiere-live-updates-host-salman-khan-contestants-list-gaurav-khanna-ashnoor-kaur-amaal-malik-baseer-ali-nagma-awez-darbar-tanya-mittal-pranit-more-2950764.html |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref>

===Release===
The official first look and logo were unveiled on 25 July 2025, confirming the season's launch.<ref name="News18FirstLook">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19 First Look Out: Makers Unveil Bold New Eye Design, Promise More Drama |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/television/bigg-boss-19-first-look-out-makers-unveil-bold-new-eye-design-promise-more-drama-ws-l-9463911.html |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> On 31 July 2025, a teaser featuring Salman Khan announced the premiere date of 24 August 2025 and the “Gharwalon Ki Sarkaar” theme.<ref name="HindustanTimesTeaser">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-31 |title=Bigg Boss 19: Salman Khan promises a new twist with 'gharwalon ki sarkaar'; announces premiere date |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/bigg-boss-19-salman-khan-promises-a-new-twist-with-gharwalon-ki-sarkaar-announces-premiere-date-101753967339075.html |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name="WionTeaser">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19 teaser out! Salman Khan hints at the new theme of the season, show to air first on OTT, later on channel |url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-19-teaser-out-salman-khan-hints-at-the-new-theme-of-the-season-show-to-air-first-on-ott-later-on-channel-1753966922823 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=Wion |language=en}}</ref> A full trailer on 7 August 2025 highlighted the parliament-inspired twist.<ref name="IndiaForumsTrailer">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19 official trailer out, Salman Khan, in a politician's avatar hints at major twists |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/bigg-boss-19-official-trailer-out-salman-khan-in-a-politicians-avatar-hints-at-major-twists_225774 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=India Forums |language=en}}</ref>

===Eye logo===
The logo features a mosaic-style design with a multicolored iris in shades of blue, yellow, red, and green, symbolizing surveillance and house dynamics. A white border with blue and grey shading aligns with the season's political theme.<ref name="BestMediaInfoLogo">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19 unveils new multi-coloured logo ahead of August premiere |url=https://bestmediainfo.com/mediainfo/television/bigg-boss-19-unveils-new-multi-coloured-logo-ahead-of-august-premiere-9543728 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=bestmediainfo.com |language=en}}</ref>

===Broadcast===
The show streamed on JioHotstar with daily episodes at 9 pm IST, followed by broadcast on Colors TV at 10:30 pm IST, reflecting a digital-first approach. The show also had deferred live stream of 24 hours named as ''24 Hours Channel''.<ref name="WionTeaser"/>

===House===
The ''Bigg Boss 19'' house, located in Film City, Mumbai, features a "Cabin in the Woods" theme with rustic wooden elements and vibrant accents. It was designed by [[Omung Kumar]] and Vanita Garud. The “Gharwalon Ki Sarkaar” sub-theme emphasizes housemate decision-making.<ref name="ZeeNewsHouse">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19 House Tour: Salman Khan's Show Unveils Nature-Themed Interiors, Assembly Room Twist, Stunning Living Spaces And More |url=https://zeenews.india.com/photos/entertainment/bigg-boss-19-house-tour-salman-khans-show-unveils-nature-inspired-interiors-assembly-room-twist-stunning-living-spaces-and-more-2950133 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref>
* Living area: Circular sofa in maroon, mustard, orange, and purple, with a bighorn sheep centerpiece.<ref name="TimesHouse">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19 House Revealed: A Glimpse Into the Stylish Living Room and Dreamy Colours |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-19-house-revealed-a-glimpse-into-the-stylish-living-room-and-dreamy-corners/articleshow/123458212.cms |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=Times Entertainment |date=24 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
* Kitchen: Vibrant with parrot installations and bold colors.<ref name="ZeeNewsHouse"/>
* Dining area: Features oversized animal sculptures like a bear face.<ref name="TimesHouse"/>
* Bedroom: Warm brown hues with 15 beds, including one triple bed.<ref name="ZeeNewsHouse"/>
* Bathroom: Updated wallpapers with a unique palette.<ref name="MediafeedHouse">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19 House Tour: Complete Inside Look of House |url=https://mediafeed.in/bigg-boss-19-house-tour/ |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=Mediafeed |date=22 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
* Confession room: Multicolored eagle theme for Bigg Boss interactions.<ref name="ZeeNewsHouse"/>
* Gym: Modern machines with green garden visuals.<ref name="MediafeedHouse"/>
* Garden/Outdoor area: Artificial turf, pool, lion sculpture, and wigwam seating.<ref name="TimesHouse"/>
* Assembly room: Parliament-like with V-shaped seating for debates.<ref name="ZeeNewsHouse"/>
* App Room: Introduced on Day 6, this room grants weekly access to the housemate trending most on JioHotstar's 24x7 public chat, offering two apps based on positive or negative trending to influence house dynamics.<ref name="FarhanaRe-entry">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19: Gaurav Khanna chooses Farrhana Bhatt's re entry, actress enters & slams Baseer Ali |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/bigg-boss-19-gaurav-khanna-chooses-farrhana-bhatts-re-entry-actress-enters-and-slams-baseer-ali_226510 |access-date=2025-09-07 |website=India Forums |language=en}}</ref>
* Medical Room: A dedicated space for health check-ups and emergencies, ensuring contestant well-being.<ref name="TimesHouse"/>
* Activity Area: Located near the Medical Room, this space is designated for tasks and challenges.<ref name="TimesHouse"/>
* Smoking Area: A designated space for breaks, located in the garden area.<ref name="TimesHouse"/>
Additional features include a secret room and no jail, unlike previous seasons.<ref name="MediafeedHouse"/>

===Trophy===
The Bigg Boss 19 trophy, unveiled on Day 102 in the Assembly Room to the top five finalists, embodies the season's theme of "Gharwalon Ki Sarkaar" (Housemates' Government), symbolizing governance, unity, and collective strength. Inspired by host Salman Khan's signature hand gesture from the pre-season promos—a folded namaste pose representing respect and harmony—the trophy's design mirrors this motif, evoking a sense of democratic solidarity and triumphant leadership.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19 Trophy Revealed: Blingy Namaste Design Matches 'Gharwalon Ki Sarkaar' Theme |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/television/bigg-boss-19-trophy-revealed-blingy-design-perfectly-matches-gharwalon-ki-sarkaar-theme-aa-ws-l-9751509.html |website=News18 |date=4 December 2025}}</ref>
* Core Structure: Two large, sculpted human hands crafted from a shimmering silver material, entirely encrusted with sparkling silver/white crystals or rhinestones for a dazzling, reflective surface. The hands are positioned upright in a namaste (prayer) gesture, with fingertips gently touching to form a triangular, steeple-like arch or "roof" shape, resembling a stylized shelter or protective canopy—directly replicating Salman Khan's promotional gesture at the season's start.
* Emblem: Nestled at the base of the arch is the iconic "BB" logo, prominently displayed in luxurious gold-colored crystals/rhinestones, framed for a regal, elevated appearance.
* Base: A sleek black platform inscribed with the text "WINNER - BIGG BOSS 19" in elegant gold lettering. The left side features the JioHotstar logo, while the right side bears the classic multicolored Bigg Boss 19 eye logo. On the back side of the base is the Endemol Shine India logo.

==Housemates status==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:middle; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:fit;"
! scope="col" style="background:#4A0B5E; color:#fff;" | SL
! scope="col" style="background:#4A0B5E; color:#fff;" | Housemates
! scope="col" style="background:#4A0B5E; color:#fff;" | Day entered
! scope="col" style="background:#4A0B5E; color:#fff;" | Day exited
! scope="col" style="background:#4A0B5E; color:#fff;" | Status
|-
| 1 || Gaurav || Day 0 || Day 105 || {{Won|Winner}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2 || rowspan="2" | Farhana || Day 0 || Day 1 || style="background:#BFF000;" | {{nowrap|Evicted By Housemates}}
|-
| Day 6 || Day 105 || {{runner-up|1st Runner-up}}
|-
| rowspan=2 | 3 || rowspan=2 | Pranit || Day 0 || Day 70 || {{Quit|Walked}}
|-
| Day 75 || Day 103 || {{runner-up|2nd Runner-up}}
|-
| 4 || Tanya || Day 0 || Day 103|| {{runner-up|3rd Runner-up}}
|-
| 5 || Amaal || Day 0 || Day 103 || {{runner-up|4th Runner-up}}
|-
| 6 || Malti || Day 42 || Day 102 || {{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 7
| rowspan="2" |Shehbaz
| Day 0 || Day 0 || {{Not Selected}}
|-
| Day 14 || Day 98 || {{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 8 || Ashnoor || Day 0 || Day 98 || {{CRemoved|Ejected}}
|-
| 9 || Kunickaa || Day 0 || Day 91 || {{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 10 || Mridul || Day 0 || Day 80 || {{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 11 || Abhishek || Day 0 || Day 77 || {{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 12 || Neelam || Day 0 || Day 77 || {{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 13 || Baseer || Day 0 || Day 63 || {{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 14 || rowspan="2" | Nehal || Day 0 || Day 28 || {{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| Day 32 || Day 63 || {{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 15 || Zeishan || Day 0 || Day 49 || {{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 16 || Awez || Day 0 || Day 35 || {{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 17 || Nagma || Day 0 || Day 21 || {{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 18 || Natalia || Day 0 || Day 21 || {{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|}

==Secret Room status==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! scope="col" style="background:#87CEFA;" color:#fff;" | Sl.no
! scope="col" style="background:#87CEFA;" color:#fff;" | Housemates
! scope="col" style="background:#87CEFA;" color:#fff;" | {{nowrap|Day entered}}
! scope="col" style="background:#87CEFA;" color:#fff;" | {{nowrap|Day exited}}
! scope="col" style="background:#87CEFA;" color:#fff;" | Housemates status
|-
!1
|Farhana
|Day 1
|Day 6
| style="background:#BFF000;" | {{nowrap|Re-entered main house}}
|-
!2
|Nehal
|Day 28
|Day 32
| style="background:#BFF000;" | {{nowrap|Re-entered main house}}
|-
|}

==Housemates==
The following housemates entered the house in order:<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 August 2025 |title=Bigg Boss 19 Contestants List: The 16 stars made a grand entry, know the name quickly. |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-19-contestants-list-from-mridul-tiwari-neelam-giri-gaurav-khanna-tanya-mittal-amaal-malik-see-full-list |access-date=26 August 2025 |work=Prabhat Khabar}}</ref>

===Original entrants===
* [[Ashnoor Kaur]] – Actress known for ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'', ''[[Patiala Babes]]'' and ''[[Suman Indori]]''.<ref name="MintPremiere">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19 premiere LIVE: After Ashnoor Kaur's power packed entry, Zeeshan Qadri, Abhishek Bajaj, others step in |url=https://www.livemint.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-19-premier-live-updates-check-bb-season-19-house-contestants-full-list-mridul-tiwari-and-more-11756032162168.html |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=Mint |date=24 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Zeishan Quadri]] – Writer and actor known for ''[[Gangs of Wasseypur]]''.<ref name="ZeeNewsPremiere"/>
* Tanya Mittal – Influencer, model and Miss Asia Tourism 2018.<ref name="TimesPremiere">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19 Launch Highlights: 16 contestants enter this season's Salman Khan hosted reality show |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-19-launch-live-update-bigg-boss-19-contestants-salman-khan-hosted-bigg-boss-19-live-news/liveblog/123482811.cms |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=Times of India |date=24 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
* Awez Darbar – Choreographer and dancer, brother-in-law of ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 7|Bigg Boss 7]]'' winner [[Gauahar Khan]].<ref name="IndiaForumsAwezNagma"/> and son of ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 3|Bigg Boss 3]]'' contestant [[Ismail Darbar]].<ref name="MoneyCtrl">{{Cite web |title=Awez Darbar opens up on Bigg Boss 19: Even my father has been here... |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/europe/?url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/awez-darbar-opens-up-on-bigg-boss-19-even-my-father-has-been-here-article-13555020.html |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=[[Network18 Group|Moneycontrol]] |language=en|archive-date=2025-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250923144135/https://www.moneycontrol.com/europe/?url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/awez-darbar-opens-up-on-bigg-boss-19-even-my-father-has-been-here-article-13555020.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Nagma Mirajkar – Dancer and influencer known for lifestyle and dance videos.<ref name="IndiaForumsAwezNagma"/>
* [[Nehal Chudasama]] – Actress, model and Miss Diva Universe 2018.<ref name="ZeeNewsPremiere"/>
* [[Abhishek Bajaj]] – Actor known for ''[[Student of the Year 2]]'' and ''[[Chandigarh Kare Aashiqui]]''.<ref name="MintPremiere"/>
* [[Baseer Ali]] – Reality TV alumni and actor known for ''[[MTV Roadies|Roadies]]'', ''[[MTV Splitsvilla|Splitsvilla]]'', ''[[MTV Ace of Space|Ace of Space]]'' and ''[[Kundali Bhagya]]''.<ref name="MintPremiere"/>
* [[Gaurav Khanna]] – Actor known for ''[[Anupamaa]]'', ''[[CID (Indian TV series)|CID]]'' and ''[[Celebrity MasterChef (Hindi TV series)|Celebrity MasterChef India]]''.<ref name="OTTPlayGaurav"/>
* Natalia Janoszek – Polish actress known for ''[[Chicken Curry Law]]'' and ''[[Housefull 5]]''.
* [[Pranit More]] – Stand-up comedian and former radio jockey.<ref name="ZeeNewsPremiere"/>
* [[Farhana Bhatt]] – Actress and activist known for ''[[Laila Majnu (2018 film)|Laila Majnu]]''.<ref name="ZeeNewsPremiere"/>
* [[Neelam Giri (actress)|Neelam Giri]] – Bhojpuri actress known for ''Babul''.<ref name="ABPPremiere" />
* [[Kunickaa Sadanand]] – Actress and advocate known for Bollywood roles, sister-in-law of ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 1|Bigg Boss 1]]'' contestant [[Deepak Tijori]]<ref name="ABPPremiere">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19 Premiere Highlights: Kunickaa Sadanand, Gaurav Khanna, Amaal Mallik Part Of The Show |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-19-grand-premiere-live-updates-salman-khan-contestants-list-bb-show-timing-house-photos-videos-jiohotstar-1796367 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=ABP |date=24 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
* Mridul Tiwari – Content creator selected via ''Fans Ka Faisla'' vote.<ref name="ZeeNewsPremiere"/>
* [[Amaal Mallik]] – Music composer and singer, nephew of ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 13|Bigg Boss 13]]'' contestant Abu Mallik.<ref name="OTTPlayAmaal"/>

=== Wildcard entrants ===
* Shehbaz Badesha – Singer, comedian and brother of ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 13|Bigg Boss 13]]'' contestant [[Shehnaaz Gill]].<ref name="OTTPlayFans" />
* Malti Chahar - Indian actress, model, and filmmaker known for ''Maa O Meri Maa'', ''Sada Viah Hoya Ji'' and ''7 Phere: A Dream Housewife''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Entertainment |date=2025-12-04 |title=Bigg Boss 19: Malti Chahar evicted; Gaurav Khanna, Tanya Mittal, Farrhana Bhatt, Amaal Mallik, Pranit More are finalists |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-19-malti-chahar-evicted-gaurav-khanna-tanya-mittal-farrhana-bhatt-amaal-mallik-pranit-more-finalists-10399644/ |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Twists ==

=== Fans Ka Faisla ===
On 14 August 2025, [[JioHotstar]] and [[Colors TV]] launched the ''Fans Ka Faisla'' campaign, allowing viewers to select one housemate via the JioHotstar app from 14 August to 21 August 2025, 23:59 IST. Contenders were:
* Shehbaz Badesha: Singer, comedian and brother of ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 13|Bigg Boss 13]]'' contestant [[Shehnaaz Gill]], previously a guest on the show.<ref name="OTTPlayFans">{{Cite web |title=Fans Ka Faisla: Who will enter Bigg Boss 19—Shehbaz Badesha or Mridul Tiwari? |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/fans-ka-faisla-who-will-enter-bigg-boss-19-shehbaz-badesha-mridul-tiwari/186ba4732c831 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
* Mridul Tiwari: Content creator known for ''The MriDul'' comedy channel.<ref name="ABPLiveFans">{{Cite web |date=2025-08-14 |title=Bigg Boss 19: Shehnaaz Gill's Brother Shehbaz Battles YouTuber Mridul Tiwari For Spot |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-19-shehnaaz-gill-s-brother-shehbaz-battles-youtuber-mridul-tiwari-for-spot-in-salman-khan-show-1794674 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=ABP Live |language=en}}</ref>
Mridul Tiwari won, entering the house on Grand Premiere.<ref name="ZeeNewsPremiere"/>

== Weekly summary ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! rowspan="10" style="background:#4A0B5E; color:white;" | Week 1
! Entrances
|During the grand premiere on 24 August 2025, host Salman Khan introduced 16 housemates. Ashnoor, Zeishan, Tanya, Awez, Nagma, Nehal, Abhishek, Baseer, Gaurav, Natalia, Pranit, Farhana, Neelam, Kunickaa, Mridul, and Amaal entered the house in order; meanwhile, Shehbaz was not selected for entering the house by the audience.<ref name="ZeeNewsPremiere"/><ref name="TimesPremiere"/><ref name="ABPPremiere"/><ref name="MintPremiere"/>
|-
! Twists
|
* On Day 0, Bigg Boss introduced a task requiring housemates to select one person to sleep outside the bedroom, which has only 15 beds, on the basis of considering that housemate "not a housemate". Mridul was voted by the majority.
* On Day 1, the Assembly Room was inaugurated, where housemates voted to evict one contestant, leading to Farhana's elimination and relocation to a secret room.<ref name="TimesNowEp2">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19 August 25, 2025 Episode Written Update: Farhana Bhatt Gets EVICTED But There's A Twist |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/bigg-boss-19-august-25-2025-episode-written-update-farhana-bhatt-gets-evicted-but-theres-a-twist-article-123497672 |access-date=2025-08-26 |website=Times Now |date=2025-08-25 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="OTTplayEp2">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19 Day 1 August 25 2025 Written Update: From Assembly Room to Secret Room, Farhana Bhat gets new opportunity |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/bigg-boss-19-day-1-august-25-2025-written-update-from-assembly-room-to-secret-room-farhana-bhatt-gets-new-opportunity/774b37df0824 |access-date=2025-08-26 |website=OTTplay |language=en}}</ref>
* On Day 6, Bigg Boss unveiled a new “App Room” in the house, accessible each week to the housemate trending most on the JioHotstar 24x7 public chat. The selected housemate receives two apps based on whether their trending is positive or negative. As Farhana had been observing housemates from the secret room since Day 1, Bigg Boss allowed her to choose one housemate to access the App Room, with the condition that her re-entry into the main house depended on that housemate's app choice. Farhana selected Gaurav, who was granted access. His options were: “Re-entry: Farhana Returns,” allowing Farhana to rejoin the main house, or “Half Ration, Half Plates,” reducing the house's ration to half. Gaurav chose “Re-entry: Farhana Returns,” resulting in Farhana's return to the main house from the secret room. Prior to this, Bigg Boss announced Farhana's presence in the secret room, revealing her actions, including comments on nominations on Day 2, eliminating Baseer from the Merry-Go-Round captaincy contendership task on Day 4, and selecting Gaurav for App Room access.<ref name="FarhanaRe-entry"/>
|-
! rowspan="3" | Nominations
| Mridul Tiwari and Shehbaz Badesha were nominated for the ''Fans Ka Faisla'' vote, with Mridul winning.<ref name="TimesIndiaFans">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19: Fans to choose Shehbaz Badesha or Mridul Tiwari as one of the contestants in the Salman Khan-hosted show |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-19-fans-to-choose-shehbaz-badesha-or-mridul-tiwari-as-one-of-the-contestants-in-the-salman-khan-hosted-show/articleshow/123299450.cms |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=Times of India |date=2025-08-14 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| On Day 1, housemates nominated one contestant for eviction in the Assembly Room. Farhana received the most votes but was sent to a secret room instead of being fully evicted.<ref name="TimesNowEp2"/><ref name="OTTplayEp2"/>
|-
| On Day 2, housemates nominated two contestants for eviction in the Assembly Room. As a result, Abhishek, Gaurav, Natalia, Neelam, Pranit, Tanya and Zeishan were nominated for weekend's eviction process.<ref name="Week1Nomination"/>
|-
! style="background:#cfc;" | House Captain
! None
|-
! rowspan="2" | Tasks
|
On Day 4, the "Merry-Go-Round" task was held in the garden area to select contenders for the house captain. A merry-go-round was set up alongside four houses, each with a digital screen. Before the task began, Bigg Boss asked Farhana, observing from the secret room, to remove one housemate from contention. She chose Baseer, who was then appointed as the sanchalak (moderator) for the first round. When a children's laughter was heard, housemates mounted the merry-go-round, which rotated until the song stopped. The digital screens on the four houses then displayed the number of housemates each could accommodate. After the first round, Baseer selected one house, and its occupants were eliminated from captaincy contention. Eliminated housemates joined Baseer to decide eliminations in subsequent rounds. The task continued similarly, with multiple rounds narrowing down the contenders. After five rounds, Ashnoor Kaur, Kunickaa Sadanand, and Abhishek Bajaj emerged as the final contenders.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Round
! Eliminated
|-
| 1
| Amaal Mridul
|-
| 2
| Awez Nagma Natalia
|-
|3
| Neelam
|-
| 4
| Pranit Tanya
|-
| 5
| Gaurav Nehal Zeishan
|}
|-
|
On Day 5, a captaincy task was held in the garden area to determine the first house captain. A large stage was set up with three workstations, each assigned to a contender: Abhishek (blue color), Ashnoor (green color), and Kunickaa (red color), as designated by the sanchalak. Each workstation had crayons in the contender's assigned color. Supporter housemates selected a tile from a deck, colored one side with their contender's color, and marked the other side with a coal cross. They handed the tile to their contender (or their representative), who placed it on the stage. Other contenders could flip opponents’ tiles to display the crossed side. Bigg Boss asked the contenders if they would personally place tiles on the stage or appoint a representative. Abhishek and Ashnoor chose to participate themselves, while Kunickaa selected Baseer as her representative, which disqualified her from participating in task. Tanya was appointed sanchalak, tasked with determining the winner based on the contender with the most tiles showing their colored side (blue for Abhishek, green for Ashnoor, red for Kunickaa) visible on the stage. Tanya declared Kunickaa the winner, making her the first house captain.
|-
! Sponsored
| On Day 6, Appy Fizz congratulated Kunickaa as the first Appy Fizz Captain of the house. An Appy Fizz Visi Cooler was unlocked, and Kunickaa received one bottle of Appy Fizz, choosing to share a second bottle with Baseer.
|-
! style="background:salmon;" | Exits
| Shehbaz, not selected via ''Fans Ka Faisla'', was evicted on Day 0.<ref name="TimesIndiaFans"/>

|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
|-
! rowspan="10" style="background:#4A0B5E; color:white; " | Week 2
|-
! Entrances
| On Day 14, Shehbaz Badesha entered the Bigg Boss 19 house as the first wild card contestant during the Weekend Ka Vaar, supported by his sister Shehnaaz Gill's appearance on stage.
|-
! Twists
|
* On Day 9, Bigg Boss dismissed Kunickaa as house captain after housemates voted against her leadership, citing her failure. Bigg Boss declared no new captain, with the house to be managed collectively.After Kunickaa's dismissal, housemates declined to grant her captaincy immunity, making her eligible for nominations. The majority voted for Ashnoor to receive immunity from the week's nominations.
* On Day 11, Bigg Boss summoned all housemates to the Assembly Room for a Truth and Dare game, focusing on Pranit More's Day 10 The BB Show roast, where he claimed his performance was 90% truth and 10% exaggeration. Bigg Boss highlighted Pranit's statement that the house no longer needed gas to prepare food but required a stove due to “so much kerosene with Zeishan,” questioning whether this was 90% truth or 10% exaggeration. Housemates were asked to share their opinions on the statement, with a question displayed on the TV: “Does Zeishan do the work of kerosene in the house—meaning, does he ignite conflicts or situations?” Bigg Boss instructed housemates to debate, stating that if the outcome favored Pranit, he would remain in the captaincy race and Zeishan would be excluded, but if it favored Zeishan, Pranit would be excluded. After the debate, the verdict favored Zeishan, resulting in Pranit being removed from the captaincy race.
* On Day 14, the App Room was opened for housemates voted by the audience for their BB Show performances as the most trending on JioHotstar's 24x7 public chat. Kunickaa accessed it first, choosing between “Suraksha Kawach Block Eviction” (protects a nominated housemate from eviction despite least votes) and “Battery Saver No Duty” (exempts from house duties). She chose “Suraksha Kawach Block Eviction.” Mridul Tiwari accessed it next, choosing between “Gift A Rose Phoolon Ka Tohfa” (receives roses to gift to one housemate) and “Suraksha Kawach Block Eviction,” selecting the latter. During the eviction process, host Salman Khan announced Kunickaa received the least votes but was saved due to her “Suraksha Kawach Block Eviction” choice, resulting in no eviction.
* On Day 14, after Shehbaz's wild card entry into the house, Bigg Boss announced that the bed sealed during the Dream Machine task on Day 10 would be available for Shehbaz, as he was not in the house at the time of the task. Shehbaz can use the bed, but no other housemate is allowed to.
|-
! Nominations
| On Day 9, Bigg Boss introduced the “Room of Fate” nomination task. Housemates were divided into trios, with three standing in red triangles, indicating they were at risk of nomination, while three others in green triangles decided which one of the red triangle trio would be nominated. At the end of each round, one housemate was nominated. Housemates could participate multiple times in green triangles to decide nominations.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Round
! At red triangle
! At green triangle
! Nominated
|-
| 1
| Awez Nagma Baseer
| Amaal Zeishan Abhishek
| Awez
|-
| 2
| Natalia Mridul Neelam
| Kunickaa Tanya Pranit
| Mridul
|-
| 3
| Farhana Gaurav Kunickaa
| Awez Abhishek Mridul
| Kunickaa
|-
| 4
| Tanya Zeishan Nehal
| Gaurav Farhana Baseer
| Tanya
|-
| 5
| Abhishek Amaal Pranit
| Nehal Ashnoor Nagma
| Amaal
|}
Awez, Mridul, Kunickaa, Tanya and Amaal were nominated for weekend's eviction process.
|-
|-style="background:#ff0800; color:#fff;"
! style="background:#cfc; |House Captain
! style="background:#cfc; |<s>Kunickaa</s>
|-
! rowspan="3" |Tasks
| '''The BB Show'''
On Day 10, Bigg Boss addressed housemates’ concerns about dwindling rations, announcing that weekly rations would be provided by evening, contingent on their participation in an entertainment task called “The BB Show.” The show, hosted by Zeishan, featured performances by few housemates to secure rations. Neelam opened with a dance act, followed by Amaal performing a dislike song targeting two housemates he dislikes. Pranit performed a stand-up comedy roast focusing on five housemates he dislikes. Mridul, alongside Kunickaa as co-actor, presented a sketch based on one or two housemates he dislikes. Tanya delivered a talk on struggles, reflecting on her personal experiences with house and its current housemates. Awez closed the show with a dance performance. Later, Bigg Boss called Gaurav to the confession room to judge the performances based on criteria provided by Bigg Boss, with live footage broadcast to housemates in the living area, unbeknownst to Gaurav. Gaurav passed the performances of Amaal, Pranit, and Tanya, but failed Mridul and Kunickaa's sketch. As a result, 10% of the weekly ration was cut, and the housemates received 90% of the ration.
|-
| '''Dream Machine'''
On Day 11, Bigg Boss introduced the “Dream Machine” task in the garden area, designed to grant captaincy contention in one attempt by activating a lever on the machine. However, following the rule of “one hand gives, one hand takes,” housemates had to accept a condition displayed on the machine's digital screen to secure contention. All housemates, except Pranit (who was excluded from the captaincy race earlier that day), stood at a start line. At the sound of the machine's start signal, housemates could accept the displayed condition and rush to a red circle, which granted the power to claim captaincy contention. The first housemate to reach the red circle would declare their desire for captaincy contention and accept the condition. Bigg Boss would then call them to activate the machine's lever, sealing their captaincy contention. Pranit, as sanchalak, was tasked with determining which housemate reached the red circle first.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Round
! Winner
! Condition
! Status
|-
| 1
| Baseer
| surrender two apples from the ration to Bigg Boss
| {{Accepted}}
|-
| 2
| Abhishek
| seal off one bed in the house, preventing anyone from sleeping on it
| {{Accepted}}
|-
| 3
| Nehal
| no gym - close the gym for the entire season, prohibiting any housemate from using it or its equipment
| {{Declined}}
|}
Nehal reached the red circle in the third round but declined the gym closure condition. Bigg Boss reprimanded her for misleading viewers by reaching the circle only to decline, canceled the third round, and terminated the task, stating more rounds were planned. Consequently, Baseer and Abhishek were declared captaincy contenders.
|-
| On Day 12, a captaincy task was set up in the garden area to determine the house captain between contenders Baseer and Abhishek. Fourteen stools, each in a designated circle, were placed with colored threads—blue for Baseer and pink for Abhishek—at opposite ends. Housemates sat on the stools while Baseer and Abhishek first collected their respective threads, then aimed to tie them to one leg of as many stools as possible. During the task, the opposing contender and the housemate seated on a stool could attempt to untie the thread. At the task's conclusion, Bigg Boss asked Mridul for the result, who announced Baseer as the winner, having tied blue threads to more stools, making him the house captain.
|-
! Sponsored
|
* On Day 9, the Flipkart Style Studio was opened in the garden area, offering housemates access to the latest and trendiest fashion from Flipkart. This week's theme, streetwear, was unlocked, allowing housemates to choose stylish looks.
* On Day 13, Danube Properties, known for fully furnished designer homes, provided housemates with a luxurious hamper from Dubai containing chocolates.
* On Day 14, Flipkart announced the results of the Flipkart Fashion Icon contest, with contenders Tanya, Nehal, and Gaurav, chosen by audience and jury votes. Tanya was declared the winner, receiving Flipkart vouchers worth ₹2,50,000.
|-
|-
! style="background:salmon;" |Exits
| On Day 14, no eviction took place.
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="10" style="background:#4A0B5E; color:white; " | Week 3
|-
! Twists
| On Day 19, Bigg Boss called all housemates to the Assembly Room and announced that Baseer's tenure as house captain had ended. A new captain was to be chosen from the BB Sports Day task winning team members: Awez, Pranit, Abhishek, Mridul, Amaal, Tanya, Farhana, and Ashnoor. Each contender delivered a speech from the podium explaining why they should be captain, followed by a housemate vote. Amaal received the majority and was chosen as house captain.
|-
! Nominations
| On Day 16, Bigg Boss called house captain Baseer to the confession room and asked him to save one female housemate from nominations, citing the higher number of female housemates compared to males. Baseer chose Nehal, granting her immunity from nominations. Shehbaz was exempted from nominations as it was his first week in the house. Bigg Boss announced a nomination task where housemates were paired (one male, one female) by Bigg Boss to count exactly 19 minutes. The male sat on a sidecar scooter in the garden area, pressing a horn to signal completion, while the female sat at a makeup station in the Activity Area, pressing a buzzer. Other housemates could disturb both simultaneously, one at a time. Pairs furthest from 19 minutes (either less or more) were nominated. During Awez and Nagma's counting, Abhishek entered the Activity Area to disturb Nagma but closed the area, blocking others’ access. Bigg Boss disqualified Awez and Nagma's pair for this interference, nominating them for eviction.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Pair
! Counted time
! Difference
! Status
|-
| Abhishek-Ashnoor
| 23:30 Mins
| 4:30
| {{Safe}}
|-
| Pranit-Farhana
| 20:48 Mins
| 1:48
| {{Safe}}
|-
| Awez-Nagma
| colspan=2 | Disqualified
| {{Nominated}}
|-
| Gaurav-Tanya
| 20:25 Mins
| 1:25
| {{Safe}}
|-
| Mridul-Natalia
| 14:07 Mins
| 4:53
| {{Nominated}}
|-
| Zeishan-Neelam
| 23:40 Mins
| 4:40
| {{Safe}}
|-
| Amaal-Kunickaa
| 22:59 Mins
| 3:59
| {{Safe}}
|}
Mridul, Natalia, Awez and Nagma were nominated for weekend's eviction process.
|-style="background:#ff0800; color:#fff;"
! style="background:#cfc; | House Captain
! style="background:#cfc; | Baseer
|-
! rowspan="4" |Tasks
| '''BB Coaching Centre'''
On Day 17, Bigg Boss set up the “BB Coaching Centre” in the Activity Area, where housemates’ performance would impact the weekly ration. The task involved periods with one housemate as teacher per subject, while others acted as students.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Teacher
! Subject
|-
| Zeishan
| Characters
|-
| Natalia
| Hindi
|-
| Farhana
| Love
|-
| Gaurav
| Cooking
|-
| Abhishek
| Physical Training (PT)
|}
After completion, Bigg Boss announced that due to the housemates’ honest efforts, they would receive the full weekly ration.
|-
| '''BB Sports Day'''
On Day 18, the “BB Sports Day” task began in the garden area for captaincy contendership, featuring two teams: Team Red (Abhishek, Amaal, Awez, Pranit, Tanya, Mridul, Ashnoor, Farhana) and Team Blue (Baseer, Neelam, Zeishan, Kunickaa, Gaurav, Shehbaz, Natalia, Nehal, Nagma). The best-of-three games determined which team's members would be eligible for captaincy. The first game, “Writer and Duster,” involved two blackboards per team. Each team nominated a writer to write on the opposing team's blackboard (reasons why the other team didn't deserve captaincy) and a duster to erase their own. Team Red (Abhishek as writer, Amaal as duster) and Team Blue (Nehal as writer, Baseer as duster) competed, with Awez and Nagma as sanchalaks. Team Red won, as their blackboard had less writing, leading 1-0. The task paused for the day.
On Day 19, the BB Sports Day task continued with the second game, “Scrabble.” Each team nominated five players: Team Red (Ashnoor, Farhana, Tanya, Mridul, Awez) and Team Blue (Nagma, Shehbaz, Neelam, Baseer, Zeishan). Players stood at their team's start line, answered a Bigg Boss question (a housemate's name), retrieved clothing with alphabets from their team's container, and aligned on an answer board to display the first five letters of the name. Sanchalaks Amaal and Gaurav judged which team aligned first and validated their reason for the name. If a team's reason was invalid, the sanchalaks validated the next team's reason; if valid, the point went to that team, or the round was canceled if invalid. The first team to win four rounds won the game. Team Red won 4-2, securing the overall task victory (2-0), making Abhishek, Amaal, Awez, Pranit, Tanya, Mridul, Ashnoor, and Farhana eligible for captaincy.
|-
! style="background:#087830;color:white;" | Winner – Team Red: Abhishek, Amaal, Awez, Pranit, Tanya, Mridul, Ashnoor, Farhana
|-
! style="background:#CF1020;color:white;" | Failed – Team Blue: Baseer, Neelam, Zeishan, Kunickaa, Gaurav, Shehbaz, Natalia, Nehal, Nagma
|-
! Sponsored
|
* On Day 17, the Flipkart Style Studio was opened in the garden area, offering housemates access to the latest and trendiest fashion from Flipkart. This week's theme, denims, was unlocked, allowing housemates to choose stylish looks.
* On Day 21, host Salman Khan unveiled the OPPO F31 Series 5G mobile phones, set to launch on September 15, 2025. Guest host Akshay Kumar gifted the phones to all housemates in the house before their official launch, assuring them they would receive the devices after their exit from the show.
|-style="background:salmon;"
! style="background:salmon;" | Exits
| On Day 21, '''Natalia Janoszek''' and '''Nagma Mirajkar''' became first and second housemates to get evicted.
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="10" style="background:#4A0B5E; color:white; " | Week 4
|-
! Twists
| On Day 26, Bigg Boss called all housemates to the Assembly Room to evaluate house captain Amaal Mallik's captaincy and style. The majority of housemates voted in favor of Amaal's leadership. As a result, Bigg Boss announced that outgoing captain Amaal would have the opportunity to defend his captaincy and be a captaincy contender alongside Zeishan, Abhishek, Mridul, Tanya, Ashnoor, Neelam, Shehbaz.
|-
! Nominations
| On Day 24, Bigg Boss called housemates to the Assembly Room for nominations, where each had to rapidly nominate two housemates without giving reasons. After nominations, Bigg Boss revealed a rule violation involving nomination discussions, showing footage to the housemates. All housemates except Captain Amaal were at risk of full nomination. Bigg Boss introduced a twist, aligning with the season's democracy theme, allowing housemates uninvolved in the discussions to seek safety. Each housemate was called to the confession room to name two housemates they wanted to save from nominations. Amaal, involved in the discussions, had no special power in this process. After the process, Nehal, Ashnoor, and Pranit (each with 1 save vote) and Baseer and Abhishek (with 0 save votes) were nominated for weekend's eviction process.
|-style="background:#ff0800; color:#fff;"
! style="background:#cfc; | House Captain
! style="background:#cfc; | Amaal
|-
! rowspan="4" |Tasks
| On Day 25, a captaincy contendership task was held in the garden area, where teams competed to steal captaincy contendership, represented by gold biscuits locked in a ship that turned over in the swimming pool. Two teams were formed: Team A (Zeishan, Abhishek, Mridul, Tanya, Ashnoor, Neelam, Shehbaz) and Team B (Baseer, Gaurav, Nehal, Awez, Pranit, Kunickaa, Farhana). The task required teams to collect gold biscuits and sacks falling into the pool and fill their godown with sacks containing 15 biscuits each. The team with the most filled sacks would win, making their members eligible for captaincy. Amaal was the sanchalak. Three members per team participated at a time: one in the pool collecting biscuits and sacks after a gun sound, and two filling their godown, stealing from other godown, and protecting their godown. After a “chai garam chai” signal, teams could change members if desired. At the conclusion of the task, sanchalak Amaal declared Team A as the winner for filling the most sacks with gold biscuits. Consequently, Team A's members—Zeishan, Abhishek, Mridul, Tanya, Ashnoor, Neelam, and Shehbaz—became captaincy contenders.
|-
! style="background:#087830;color:white;" | Winner – Team A: Zeishan, Abhishek, Mridul, Tanya, Ashnoor, Neelam, Shehbaz
|-
! style="background:#CF1020;color:white;" | Failed – Team B: Baseer, Gaurav, Nehal, Awez, Pranit, Kunickaa, Farhana
|-
|
On Day 27, Bigg Boss announced that Amaal's captaincy tenure had ended. A captaincy task was held in the garden area involving contenders Zeishan, Tanya, Abhishek, Ashnoor, Neelam, Shehbaz, Mridul, and Amaal. The task centered around a large cheese prop with eight openings, symbolizing captaincy. After the song “Dil Cheez Kya Hai” played, contenders lined up at a start point. A non-contending housemate selected a stopper, announced they would block one opening, and entered the cheese to do so. At a gunshot sound, contenders ran to the cheese, each attempting to secure an opening and put their face through it. The contender failing to secure an opening was eliminated from the task and captaincy race. Seven rounds were conducted, with Kunickaa judging via a plasma screen.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Round
! Blocker
! Eliminated
|-
| 1
| Gaurav
| Neelam
|-
| 2
| Nehal
| Zeishan
|-
| 3
| Farhana
| Tanya
|-
| 4
| Baseer
| Shehbaz
|-
| 5
| Pranit
| Mridul
|-
| 6
| Awez
| Ashnoor
|-
| 7
| Nehal
| Amaal
|}
Abhishek, the last contender remaining, won the task and became the new house captain.
|-
! Sponsored
|
* On Day 26, Flipkart announced the results of the Flipkart Fashion Icon contest, with contenders Gaurav, Nehal, and Ashnoor, chosen by audience and jury votes. Gaurav was declared the winner, receiving Flipkart vouchers worth ₹2,50,000. Also, the Flipkart Style Studio was opened in the garden area, offering housemates access to the latest and trendiest fashion from Flipkart. This week's theme, ethnics, was unlocked, allowing housemates to choose stylish looks.
* On Day 28, host Salman announced the results of the Flipkart Fashion Icon contest of season, with contenders Tanya, Nehal, and Ashnoor, chosen by audience and jury votes. Tanya was declared the winner, receiving Flipkart vouchers worth ₹5,00,000.
|-style="background:salmon;"
! style="background:salmon;" |Exits
| On Day 28, Nehal was evicted but later relocated to Secret Room.
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="11" style="background:#4A0B5E; color:white; " | Week 5
|-
! Twists
|
* On Day 31, Bigg Boss questioned Nehal, who was in the secret room, about house dynamics. The first question asked which female housemate Nehal would give a major advantage to for captaincy contendership, given there were more male housemates. Nehal chose Farhana. The second question asked whether Nehal viewed house captain Abhishek as "good" or "nonsense". Nehal answered "nonsense". Bigg Boss declared that Nehal's opinion would influence the house, stating that while Abhishek, as captain, would gain access to the App Room, his "nonsense" label meant he would only receive "nonsense apps" as powers associated with his captaincy.
* On Day 31, Bigg Boss called house captain Abhishek to the App Room, granting him exclusive access to special apps as a captain's privilege. He was offered the ability to give one female housemate a major advantage in captaincy contendership with the following options: (1) Advantage Ashnoor, giving Ashnoor a major advantage but reducing the house's weekly ration to 75%; (2) Advantage Farhana, giving Farhana a major advantage but ending Abhishek's captaincy immediately and barring him from captaincy for two weeks; (3) Advantage Neelam, giving Neelam a major advantage but barring Awez from ever becoming captain; (4) Advantage Tanya, giving Tanya a major advantage but barring Gaurav from ever becoming captain; (5) Advantage Kunickaa, giving Kunickaa a major advantage but requiring Abhishek to destroy Ashnoor's favorite soft toy in front of her. Abhishek chose Advantage Ashnoor, granting her a major advantage in captaincy contendership, with the house receiving 75% of the weekly ration. Bigg Boss later revealed these details to all housemates.
* On Day 32, Bigg Boss called all housemates to the Assembly Room to share their opinions on house captain Abhishek's captaincy, asking whether they were happy or unhappy with his performance. The majority of housemates voted that they were happy with Abhishek's captaincy. As a result, Bigg Boss announced that Abhishek would receive a full opportunity to gain captaincy contendership and the chance to become house captain again.
* On Day 32, Bigg Boss consulted Nehal, in the secret room, about key decisions for a captaincy contendership task. Bigg Boss announced a task with three rounds, where in each round, one housemate would have the power to eliminate four housemates from captaincy contendership. Ashnoor and Farhana, already designated as sanchalaks for the task, could not be getting power. For the first round, Nehal was asked to choose which housemate should receive this elimination power. She selected Awez. For the second round, she selected Kunickaa. In the third round, with only Awez and Gaurav remaining, Bigg Boss asked Nehal to choose a captaincy contender. She selected Gaurav, making him and Farhana the final captaincy contenders. Bigg Boss then announced that Nehal would re-enter the house and later in a day she re-entered the house.
* On Day 33, Bigg Boss called all housemates to the Assembly Room to choose the house captain between Farhana and Gaurav. Housemates came to the podium one by one, where both contenders stood, and placed a black garland on the contender they did not want as captain. Gaurav received 7 black garlands, while Farhana received 6. As a result, Farhana won and became the house captain.
|-
! Nominations
| On Day 30, Bigg Boss announced a team-based nomination task in the Assembly Room, with two teams competing; the losing team's members would be nominated for eviction. Team Pranit (Pranit, Mridul, Awez, Neelam, Gaurav, Ashnoor) was led by Pranit, and Team Shehbaz (Shehbaz, Kunickaa, Tanya, Farhana, Zeishan, Amaal, Baseer) was led by Shehbaz. The task required teams to provide commentary on live house activities in the commentary room set up in the Activity Area. A blue light signaled Team Pranit's turn, with Pranit choosing a partner to commentate on silent live footage shown on a TV. A red light signaled Team Shehbaz's turn, with Shehbaz choosing a partner. Three rounds were held where Pranit chose to partner with Neelam, Gaurav and Mridul whereas Shehbaz chose to partner with Amaal, Zeishan and Farhana, with Abhishek, the house captain, exempt from nominations and not participating. The 24x7 live audience was to judge, but Bigg Boss assigned Nehal, watching from the secret room, to decide the outcome. Nehal declared Team Shehbaz the winner, resulting in Team Pranit's members—Pranit, Mridul, Awez, Neelam, Gaurav, and Ashnoor—being nominated for eviction.
|-style="background:#ff0800; color:#fff;"
! style="background:#cfc; | House Captain
! style="background:#cfc; | Abhishek
|-
! rowspan="6" |Tasks
| On Day 31, Bigg Boss set up a captaincy contendership task for two female housemates, Ashnoor (selected by captain Abhishek in the App Room) and Farhana (selected by Nehal in the secret room, announced via a spin wheel on plasma). Cartons of rations (75% of the weekly ration, per Abhishek's App Room choice) were spread across the house, excluding the bathroom area. The task involved two drones, each by Ashnoor and Farhana, delivering cartons to either the house godown (near the tunnel) for the house's weekly ration or the Bigg Boss godown set in store room (divided into Ashnoor's and Farhana's zones) for return to Bigg Boss. Other housemates decided whether to hand cartons to the any of the drones. At the buzzer of task end, undelivered cartons would be captured by Bigg Boss. The drone delivering the most cartons to their store room zone would earn captaincy contendership. Housemates were restricted to their areas during the task, but drones could move freely. After the task, Bigg Boss asked Baseer to report the count of cartons in each drone's store room zone. Baseer announced Ashnoor delivered five cartons and Farhana delivered seven. Farhana, having delivered more, won captaincy contendership. Bigg Boss confirmed that only cartons in the house godown would serve as the house's weekly ration.
|-
! style="background:#087830;color:white;" | Winner – Farhana
|-
! style="background:#CF1020;color:white;" | Failed – Ashnoor
|-
| On Day 32, Bigg Boss announced that Farhana had defeated Ashnoor in the Day 31 drone task, securing captaincy contendership for the week, while Ashnoor lost her chance for captaincy contendership. Bigg Boss introduced a new task, consisting of three parties to determine further captaincy contenders. In each party, some housemates would be eliminated from contendership, with the elimination process to be revealed during the parties. The first party in bedroom area, a pyjama party, required housemates to dance and enjoy songs when played. When the music stopped, each housemate had to sit on a bed. Bigg Boss then announced that a party requires photos, designating Awez as the photographer. A camera was provided in the storeroom for Awez to take 10 photos. Housemates had to remain seated on their beds, unable to hide or dodge the photographer. Sanchalaks Ashnoor and Farhana, judging together, would identify the four housemates most clearly visible in the photos, who would then be eliminated from the captaincy contendership race. The challenge was that Awez had to wear party glasses, rendering him unable to see, requiring assistance from housemates on beds to navigate. After Awez clicked 10 photos, sanchalaks Ashnoor and Farhana declared that Zeishan, Baseer, Amaal, and Tanya were the most visible in the photos, eliminating them from the captaincy contendership race. The first party then concluded. Bigg Boss continued the captaincy contendership task with the second third party in the garden area. The second party, a disco party, involved remaining contenders Abhishek, Pranit, Gaurav, Kunickaa, Mridul, Neelam, Awez, and Shehbaz. Housemates danced to music and sat on chairs when it stopped. Bigg Boss named Kunickaa as the photographer, tasked with taking 10 photos using a camera from the storeroom while wearing vision-obscuring party glasses, requiring assistance from housemates on chairs. Sanchalaks Ashnoor and Farhana identified Neelam, Pranit, Shehbaz, and Mridul as the most visible in the photos, eliminating them from the captaincy contendership race. The second party concluded. The third party, Bigg Boss Movie Night, was held in a movie theatre setup in the Activity Area for remaining contenders Kunickaa, Gaurav, Abhishek, and Awez. Real house footage was shown, requiring close attention. After each movie, Bigg Boss asked a question, and contenders pressed buzzers to answer first. Correct answers allowed eliminating one housemate from the captaincy race. Ashnoor was the sanchalak for the first buzzer, Farhana for the second. The first movie showed house discussions about the external world, followed by the question, “Which color dress was Tanya wearing in this clip?” Ashnoor declared Abhishek pressed the buzzer first; he answered “pink,” which was correct, and eliminated Kunickaa. The second movie led to the question, “Who was the fourth member alongside Baseer, Zeishan, and Amaal in the cli[?” Farhana declared Gaurav pressed first; he answered “Shehbaz,” which was correct, and eliminated Abhishek. For the final movie, Bigg Boss revealed Nehal as the task judge, who had previously decided Team Pranit's nomination loss, given Farhana a captaincy contendership advantage, assigned nonsense apps to captain Abhishek, and selected Awez and Kunickaa as photographers for parties. Bigg Boss asked Nehal, from the secret room, to choose between Gaurav and Awez for captaincy contendership. Nehal chose Gaurav. Bigg Boss declared Farhana and Gaurav as the final captaincy contenders.
|-
! style="background:#087830;color:white;" | Winner – Gaurav
|-
! style="background:#CF1020;color:white;" | Failed – Zeishan, Baseer, Amaal, Tanya, Neelam, Pranit, Shehbaz, Mridul, Kuncikaa, Abhishek, Awez
|-style="background:salmon;"
! style="background:salmon;" |Exits
| On Day 35, '''Awez Darbar''' became third housemate to get evicted.
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="9" style="background:#4A0B5E; color:white; " | Week 6
|-
! Entrances
| On Day 42, Malti Chahar entered the Bigg Boss 19 house as the second wild card contestant during the Weekend Ka Vaar, supported by her brother Deepak Chahar's appearance on stage.
|-
! Twists
| On Day 38, Bigg Boss summoned all housemates to the Assembly Room, directing Captain Farhana to a rankings board. Bigg Boss stated that, given housemates’ opinions about Farhana's captaincy had been heard, it was time for Farhana's candid opinions about housemates to be expressed. Farhana was tasked with ranking housemates based on their eligibility in the show after five weeks, using a scale from 20 (highest) to -10 (lowest). Farhana assigned: Mridul (-10), Neelam (-8), Gaurav (-3), Ashnoor (-1), Pranit (0), Amaal (2), Kunickaa (5), Tanya (8), Zeishan (10), Baseer (13), Nehal (15), Abhishek (17), Shehbaz (20). Bigg Boss instructed housemates to take the rankings board out of the Assembly Room for display.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:50%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Rank
! Housemate
|-
| 20
| Shehbaz
|-
| 17
| Abhishek
|-
| 15
| Nehal
|-
| 13
| Baseer
|-
| 10
| Zeishan
|-
| 8
| Tanya
|-
| 5
| Kunickaa
|-
| 2
| Amaal
|-
| 0
| Pranit
|-
| -1
| Ashnoor
|-
| -3
| Gaurav
|-
| -8
| Neelam
|-
| -10
| Mridul
|}
Later on Day 38, Bigg Boss called housemates to the garden area to stand in a line for a ration shopping task based on Farhana's rankings. The store room was transformed into a BB Store House containing dummy sacks of ration items. Housemates, called one by one by Bigg Boss, picked sacks corresponding to their rank (e.g., a rank of 20 allowed 20 sacks). They placed sacks in the BB godown near the tunnel and then proceeded to the bedroom. Housemates with negative ranks (e.g., Mridul with -10) had to return that number of sacks from the BB godown to the store room. The sacks remaining in the BB godown would constitute the weekly ration. Captain Farhana remained in the bedroom during the task, while Pranit, ranked 0, stayed in the garden to ensure no ration-related discussions occurred among housemates there.
|-
! Nominations
| On Day 37, Bigg Boss called housemates to the garden area, transformed into a vast sea with a dinghy for each housemate positioned in front of a missile launcher submarine. The task required housemates to nominate others by firing missiles at their dinghies; a dinghy hit by three missiles would "sink" by getting blasted, nominating that housemate for eviction. Captain Farhana's dinghy was absent, granting her immunity. Bigg Boss called Farhana first, giving her the power to directly nominate one housemate. She chose Ashnoor, making Ashnoor directly nominated. Each housemate then nominated two others by firing missiles via the radiophone, announcing their choices. At the end, Ashnoor, Tanya, Amaal, Neelam, Zeishan, Kunickaa, Nehal, and Pranit were nominated for eviction.<ref name="NominationTaskDay37">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19 Day 37: Submarine Nomination Task Nominates 8 Housemates |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/bigg-boss-19-session-live-update-today-episode-37-day-salman-khan-tanya-mittal-amaal-mallik-baseer-ali-gaurav-khanna-farhana-bhatt-liveblog-152915314 |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=Times Now |date=2025-09-30 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="IndiaForumsNomDay37">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19: Ashnoor Kaur nominated by captain Farrhana Bhatt; THIS is the final list of nominations |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/bigg-boss-19-ashnoor-kaur-nominated-by-captain-farrhana-bhatt-this-is-the-final-list-of-nominations_227659 |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=India Forums |date=2025-09-28 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|-style="background:#ff0800; color:#fff;"
! style="background:#cfc; | House Captain
! style="background:#cfc; | Farhana
|-
! rowspan="2" |Tasks
| '''BB Dino Park'''
On Day 39, the garden area was transformed into BB Dino Park, featuring a bad dinosaur that, when angry, consumed small dinosaurs representing housemates’ captaincy chances. These small dinosaurs were kept in an enclosure in front of the bad dinosaur, and as long as a housemate's dinosaur remained, they were eligible for captaincy. A caretaker, appointed per round, was tasked with keeping the bad dinosaur happy through unique interactions. Two cages, Rajasaurus and Raniraptor, housed non-caretaker housemates. At the start of each round, Bigg Boss announced the round and caretaker. After the “BB Dino is now open” sound, housemates (except the caretaker) entered their chosen cage based on capacity. When the dinosaur's angry roar sounded, indicating hunger, the caretaker opened one cage and struck a gong. Housemates from the opened cage could then race to cross a boundary around the cage, with the first to cross, as decided by the caretaker, earning the right to feed two small dinosaurs from the enclosure to the bad dinosaur, eliminating those housemates from captaincy contention. Eliminated housemates could still participate in subsequent rounds to eliminate others. Three rounds were completed on Day 39.
On Day 40, the BB Dino Park task continued with the same rules, except the bad dinosaur, now “health-conscious” due to overeating, could only consume one small dinosaur per round instead of two. During the third round, housemates disrupted the task and violated Bigg Boss rules by not wearing mics and making demands. Bigg Boss reprimanded them, canceled the task, and declared Farhana, the previous week's captain, as captain again.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Round
! Caretaker
! Cage opened
! Boundary crosser
! Eliminated
|-
| 1
| Shehbaz
| Raniraptor
| Baseer
| Abhishek Pranit
|-
| 2
| Kunickaa
| Rajasauras
| Ashnoor
| Amaal Farhana
|-
| 3
| Pranit
| Rajasauras
| Abhishek
| Shehbaz Baseer
|-
| 4
| Amaal
| Rajasauras
| Shehbaz
| Ashnoor
|-
| 5
| Zeishan
| Raniraptor
| Tanya
| Nehal
|-
| 6
| Nehal
| Raniraptor
| Farhana
| Tanya
|-
| 7
| Ashnoor
| colspan=3 | Cancelled
|}
|-
! Task Cancelled
|-
! Sponsored
|
* On Day 38, Danube Properties tasked top-ranked housemate Shehbaz (ranked 20 by Captain Farhana) with delivering eight unique selling points (USPs) of Danube Properties to different housemates:

Patience of 1% and Drama of 99% - Nehal.

Who is the one who plays single for only saying but plays double game like 1 BHK - Kunickaa.

Who requires 40+ amenities because that person doesn't stay at one place as they go here once and there once - Kunickaa.

Who requires ROI as they said big big things but returns are zero - Mridul.

Who is the one who does before time drama, cry and wash before problems come - Tanya.

Who requires a private pool as they need to cool down their anger necessarily - Amaal.

Who can be sent to Dubai to live with ease as they are not able to live a difficult life here - Zeishan.
* On Day 41, Haier gifted a cake to all housemates hidden in the magic zone of the Haier Lumière Series Refrigerator, India's only 4-door convertible side-by-side refrigerator, which was in use of kitchen in the house.
* On Day 42, host Salman Khan sent the Being Human Autumn Winter 25 Collection Wardrobe to the housemates in celebration of Dussehra.
|-
|-
! style="background:salmon;" |Exits
| On Day 42, host Salman Khan announced that no eviction would take place due to the occasion of Dussehra.
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="9" style="background:#4A0B5E; color:white; " | Week 7
|-
! Twists
|
* On Day 45, Bigg Boss transformed the garden area into BB Retreat, featuring sessions by two experts: motivational speaker Tanya and palm reader Malti, conducted consecutively. Between sessions, housemates participated in a physical fitness practical exam to earn rations. Tanya and Malti's sessions could earn up to 40% of the weekly ration (20% each), while the practical exams could earn up to 60%. Each gong signaled a practical exam, where a photo was flashed on a screen, and housemates decided how many participants were needed to replicate the figure by aligning their bodies on a stage within 1 minute. Captain Farhana judged the accuracy of the replication. After Malti's palm-reading session, a practical exam with three figures resulted in two successful replications and one failure. After Tanya's motivational session, another exam with three figures also resulted in two successes and one failure. Bigg Boss asked Farhana to evaluate the sessions. Farhana deemed Malti's session honest, earning 20% ration, and Tanya's session successful, earning another 20%. For the practical exams, housemates successfully replicated 4 out of 6 figures, earning 40% ration (two-thirds of 60%). In total, housemates secured 80% of the weekly ration.
* On Day 47, Bigg Boss summoned all housemates to the Assembly Room to select the house captain among contenders Tanya, Ashnoor, Nehal, and Shehbaz. Bigg Boss first called each contender to the podium to name one housemate to be excluded from the captaincy discussion, removing them from the Assembly Room. Nehal named Malti, Ashnoor named Amaal, Shehbaz named Abhishek, and Tanya named Farhana, sending them out. The remaining 11 housemates then participated in selecting the captain. A booth in the Assembly Room provided cue cards and pens, and Bigg Boss instructed housemates to secretly write two names of contenders they did not want as captain. One by one, housemates announced their two choices with reasoning.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Housemates
! Negative Votes
|-
| Gaurav
| Tanya Shehbaz
|-
| Baseer
| Tanya Ashnoor
|-
| Neelam
| Ashnoor Nehal
|-
| Mridul
| Nehal Tanya
|-
| Zeishan
| Tanya Ashnoor
|-
| Kunickaa
| Tanya Shehbaz
|-
| Ashnoor
| Shehbaz Tanya
|-
| Tanya
| Ashnoor Nehal
|-
| Shehbaz
| Nehal Ashnoor
|-
| Nehal
| Tanya Shehbaz
|-
| Pranit
| Tanya Shehbaz
|}
Based on the votes, Nehal received the fewest negative votes and was declared house captain.
|-
! Nominations
| On Day 44, Bigg Boss narrated a story to housemates about two rival families of kids: Family 1 (Amaal, Shehbaz, Tanya, Abhishek, Kunickaa, Nehal, Gaurav) and Family 2 (Neelam, Zeishan, Ashnoor, Pranit, Baseer, Mridul). They shared a haunted playground, competing and highlighting each other's weaknesses for eviction nominations. The playground was overseen by two witches—house captain Farhana, immune from eviction, and wild card Malti, exempt as a recent entrant—who swayed on a swing attached to a tree, wearing costumes. When a witch's laugh signaled hunger, one kid from each family pleaded their case, naming an opposing family member for the witch to “eat.” The witch then chose a kid, took them on a broom along a pathway, and pushed them into the swimming pool (the witch's “frying pan”). Five rounds were held, with Malti eating a kid in rounds 1, 3, and 5, and Farhana in rounds 2 and 4. Three kids from each family played per round, but witches could choose any family member. The family with the most kids eaten would be fully nominated, while the other remained safe.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Round
! Witch
! Thrown
! Family
|-
| 1
| Malti
| Abhishek
| Family 1 ({{fontcolor|red|1}}-{{fontcolor|green|0}})
|-
| 2
| Farhana
| Pranit
| Family 2 ({{fontcolor|yellow|1}}-{{fontcolor|yellow|1}})
|-
| 3
| Malti
| Tanya
| Family 1 ({{fontcolor|red|2}}-{{fontcolor|green|1}})
|-
| 4
| Farhana
| Ashnoor
| Family 2 ({{fontcolor|yellow|2}}-{{fontcolor|yellow|2}})
|-
| 5
| Malti
| Baseer
| Family 2 ({{fontcolor|green|2}}-{{fontcolor|red|3}})
|}
Neelam, Zeishan, Ashnoor, Pranit, Baseer, Mridul were nominated for weekend's eviction process.
|-
|-style="background:#ff0800; color:#fff;"
! style="background:#cfc; | House Captain
! style="background:#cfc; | Farhana
|-
! rowspan="3" |Tasks
| On Day 46, Bigg Boss set up a captaincy contendership task in the garden area, featuring a pathway leading to a mega shoe, dubbed the "Kaptaani Joota," symbolizing the path to captaincy contendership. Previous captains Kunickaa, Baseer, Abhishek, Amaal, and Farhana were excluded from participating and served as sanchalaks, one per round. The task involved face-offs between two housemates per round along a pathway with five points, each displaying a puzzle of an ex-captain's photo. Bigg Boss announced the competing housemates and specified which point and ex-captain's puzzle they needed to assemble. Both housemates placed one leg in the shared mega shoe, and at the gunshot sound, raced to the designated point to create the puzzle on a blackboard, aligning pieces while protecting their work from the opponent. Housemates had to keep their leg in the mega shoe throughout; if it slipped out, the sanchalak ensured it was reinserted. After a buzzer, the sanchalak determined which housemate assembled the most puzzle pieces correctly, awarding them captaincy contendership.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Round
! Ex-Captain
! Winner
! Loser
|-
| 1
| Farhana
| Nehal
| Neelam
|-
| 2
| Abhishek
| Ashnoor
| Gaurav
|-
| 3
| Baseer
| Shehbaz
| Mridul
|-
| 4
| Amaal
| Tanya
| Malti
|-
| 5
| Kunickaa
| None
| Pranit Zeishan
|}
At the task's conclusion, Nehal, Ashnoor, Shehbaz, and Tanya earned captaincy contendership.
|-
! style="background:#087830;color:white;" | Winner – Nehal, Ashnoor, Shehbaz and Tanya
|-
! style="background:#CF1020;color:white;" | Failed – Neelam, Gaurav, Mridul, Malti, Pranit, Zeishan
|-
! Sponsored
|
* On Day 45, Lakmé sent a gift hamper to the female housemates, featuring their new product Lakmé Peach Milk Perfect Radiance.
* On Day 46, Being Human Autumn Winter 25 wardrobe collection was sent to all housemates, host Salman Khan's fulfilled promise from Day 42 during Weekend Ka Vaar.
* On Day 48, Citroën introduced a task in the garden area, showcasing the new Citroën Aircross X car. Any one from three housemates can win the car. Housemates wrote their names and placed them in a fishbowl, from which house captain Nehal drew three names: Amaal, Gaurav, and Farhana. Each contender narrated their best moment in the house and explained why it was special. The other housemates voted for the most impactful moment, selecting Gaurav as the winner, who received the Citroën Aircross X.
* On Day 49, Haier gifted Haier Mini LED TVs to all housemates.
|-style="background:salmon;"
! style="background:salmon;" |Exits
| On Day 49, '''Zeishan Quadri''' became fourth housemate to get evicted.
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="8" style="background:#4A0B5E; color:white; " | Week 8
|-
! Twists
|
* On Day 51, Bigg Boss announced a new housemate was in the store room. Shehbaz retrieved a teddy bear, introduced as a "teddy dear," a spoiled and pampered entity that must not touch the floor or any surface, requiring a housemate to hold it in their lap, stand, and rotate continuously without sitting, lying, or taking support. The teddy dear's presence determined the weekly ration, with three ration items vanishing each time it touched something. Captain Nehal was tasked with overseeing the teddy dear's care and issuing challans for mistakes. Any housemate holding the teddy dear who let it touch a surface received one challan, and Nehal could also issue challans for other housemates breaking house rules. Each challan resulted in three ration items being cut. If Nehal erred in moderation, 50% of the ration would be cut. Malti, Ashnoor, and Tanya took turns holding the teddy dear. At the task's end, Bigg Boss announced that Kunickaa broke a house rule by speaking to Shehbaz in English, incurring one challan (cutting rajma, cabbage, chocolates). Tanya's handling resulted in one challan (cutting bread, prawns, mutton). Malti's handling led to three challans, including an incident where she threw the teddy dear on the floor, resulting in 11 items cut (rava, bhindi, watermelon, Nutella, avocado, cheese, besan, soya chunks, fish, chicken).
* On Day 53, Bigg Boss called house captain Nehal to the confession room and asked four questions about the previous day's letter delivery task: (1) Was the condition that a housemate's letter could be delivered or would not be delivered part of the task? Nehal answered yes. (2) Was Gaurav giving shredded parts of Neelam's letter to her against the task rules? Nehal answered yes. (3) Was Neelam attempting to read the shredded parts secretly against the task rules? Nehal answered yes. (4) Did Gaurav and Neelam not violate task rules? Nehal answered yes. Bigg Boss announced that the canceled letter delivery task would not resume, but two of the remaining nine housemates would receive their letters. As captain, Nehal was given the special right to choose, and she selected Baseer and Ashnoor. Bigg Boss then gathered all housemates in the living area, confirming the task's cancellation, ending Nehal's captaincy tenure, and stating there would be no captain for the next week. Letters for Gaurav, Amaal, Nehal, Abhishek, Shehbaz, Malti, and Tanya were not delivered, while Baseer and Ashnoor received theirs.
|-
! Nominations
| On Day 50, Bigg Boss set up a Panipuri stall in the garden area, with stools for each housemate in front. House captain Nehal, as the stall owner, served only spicy panipuri, representing nominations. Housemates, one by one, approached Nehal to take 1 to 3 panipuris and fed them to housemates they wished to nominate, with each panipuri symbolizing a nomination (minimum 1, maximum 3 nominations per housemate). Gaurav, Neelam, Mridul, Malti, and Farhana were initially nominated. Bigg Boss announced that the nomination process required a “sukhi puri” to be eaten to conclude. Nehal received the special right to save one nominated housemate by giving them the sukhi puri. Nehal chose Farhana, saving her from nominations. As a result, Gaurav, Neelam, Mridul, and Malti were nominated for eviction.
|-style="background:#ff0800; color:#fff;"
! style="background:#cfc; | House Captain
! style="background:#cfc; | Nehal
|-
! rowspan="2" |Tasks
| On Day 52, Bigg Boss announced that, with nearly half the season passed, housemates were likely missing their families. Letters from their homes were received, to be delivered via a pigeon. After the song Chitthi Aayi Hai played, housemates stood in a line below the BB sign, and Bigg Boss named the housemate whose letter arrived, making them the sanchalak for that round. When Kabootar Jaa played, the pigeon released numerous envelopes, one containing a paper with the sanchalak's name. Non-sanchalak housemates searched for this envelope. The finder could either deliver the letter to the sanchalak by opening a letterbox, forfeiting their captaincy contendership, or shred the letter to secure contendership, returning the pieces to the letterbox. Housemates finding a letter were excluded from later rounds.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Round
! Sanchalak
! Finder
! Status
|-
| 1
| Pranit
| Nehal
| Delivered
|-
| 2
| Mridul
| Baseer
| Delivered
|-
| 3
| Kunickaa
| Gaurav
| Delivered
|-
| 4
| Farhana
| Amaal
| Delivered
|-
| 5
| Neelam
| Farhana
| Shredded
|}
After Farhana shredded Neelam's letter, Bigg Boss instructed Gaurav to collect the pieces and return them to the letterbox. Gaurav secretly kept some pieces and gave them to Neelam later, violating rules. Bigg Boss reprimanded all housemates, stopped the task, and announced that no letters would be delivered.
|-
! Task Cancelled
|-
! Sponsored
|
* On Day 51, Vaseline gifted hampers to all housemates, containing Vaseline Deep Moisture Body Lotion, Vaseline Gluta-Hya Dewy Radiance Serum-in-Lotion, Vaseline Skin Protecting Jelly Original, and Vaseline Cloud Soft Light Moisturiser.
* On Day 53, Berger Paints organized a painting competition in the garden area, dividing housemates into two teams. Ex-captain Nehal selected Baseer as her favorite player to pose with her. Team 1 (Ashnoor, Abhishek, Gaurav, Pranit, Mridul, Malti) and Team 2 (Shehbaz, Neelam, Kunickaa, Farhana, Tanya, Amaal) were tasked with painting Nehal and Baseer's pose, with only one team member painting at a time, though they could switch. Nehal inspected the paintings and erased Team 1's painting from a Berger Easy Clean Wall, declaring it unsatisfactory. She announced Team 2 as the winner. Nehal, Baseer, and Team 2 received Berger Paints vouchers worth ₹1,20,000.
* On Day 55, on the occasion of Diwali, Rizwan Sajan, Founder and Chairman of Danube Properties, and Adel Sajan, Group Managing Director of Danube Properties, entered the house to promote the brand. They distributed sweets among the housemates and gifted boarding passes for a trip to Dubai, inviting them to visit their home after the show.
|-
! style="background:salmon;" |Exits
| On Day 56, No eviction took place due to the occasion of Diwali.
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="6" style="background:#4A0B5E; color:white; " | Week 9
|-
! Twists
|
* On Day 56, Bigg Boss announced a historic first for the show’s 19 seasons: a live musical concert by Altaf Raja. On the occasion of Diwali, Altaf Raja performed in the activity area, with housemates enjoying the performance from the garden area via a big screen.
* On Day 60, Bigg Boss summoned all housemates to the Assembly Room, where each was provided a cue card and pen. All housemates were captaincy contenders and had to nominate two other housemates, excluding themselves, for the next captain. The housemate with the most votes would become captain.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Housemates
! Votes
|-
| Abhishek
| Pranit Ashnoor
|-
| Baseer
| Nehal Amaal
|-
| Kunickaa
| Neelam Shehbaz
|-
| Mridul
| Gaurav Pranit
|-
| Ashnoor
| Abhishek Pranit
|-
| Shehbaz
| Amaal Mridul
|-
| Nehal
| Baseer Kunickaa
|-
| Amaal
| Baseer Mridul
|-
| Gaurav
| Pranit Mridul
|-
| Pranit
| Gaurav Mridul
|-
| Farhana
| Shehbaz Gaurav
|-
| Neelam
| Mridul Shehbaz
|-
| Malti
| Pranit Amaal
|-
| Tanya
| Neelam Shehbaz
|}
Pranit and Mridul each received 5 votes, resulting in a tie. Bigg Boss asked housemates to choose between them, with 4 supporting Pranit and 8 supporting Mridul. Consequently, Mridul was declared house captain
|-
! Nominations
| On Day 59, Bigg Boss announced a Diwali-themed nomination task based on luck, titled a "chain reaction" game, where housemates’ destinies were locked in their photos inside 14 lockers in a locker room set up in the Activity Area. One housemate, chosen by housemates, started the process by entering the confession room to pick a cue card with a name. The opening housemate decided whether to nominate that housemate (placing their photo on the nominated wall for direct nomination) or save them (placing their photo on the safe wall). The housemate whose photo was revealed continued the chain by opening another locker, and this process repeated. As it was Diwali, the nomination process was limited to four housemates; once four were nominated, the chain reaction stopped, and remaining housemates were safe. Housemates sent Kunickaa to the confession room, where she picked a cue card with Gaurav’s name. Gaurav began the chain reaction by entering the locker room and opening a locker, revealing another housemate’s photo.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Housemate
! Photo
! Status
|-
| Gaurav
| Nehal
| {{Nominated}}
|-
| Nehal
| Amaal
| {{Safe}}
|-
| Amaal
| Shehbaz
| {{Safe}}
|-
| Shehbaz
| Pranit
| {{Nominated}}
|-
| Pranit
| Abhishek
| {{Safe}}
|-
| Abhishek
| Baseer
| {{Nominated}}
|-
| Baseer
| Gaurav
| {{Nominated}}
|}
The chain reaction started and ended with Gaurav, resulting in four nominated housemates. As a result, Nehal, Pranit, Baseer, and Gaurav were nominated for eviction.
|-
|-style="background:#ff0800; color:#fff;"
! style="background:#cfc; |House Captain
! None
|-
! Sponsored
|
* On Day 56, Vaseline sent a hamper to housemates for a Diwali-themed musical evening, containing Vaseline Gluta-Hya Dewy Radiance Lotion for Face & Body, Vaseline Deep Moisture Body Lotion, Vaseline Cocoa Glow Serum In Lotion, Vaseline Light Hydrate Serum In Lotion, Vaseline Sun Protect SPF 30 Body Lotion, Vaseline Gluta-Hya Overnight Radiance, Vaseline Gluta Hya - Antioxidant SPF 50 PA+++ Sunscreen for Face & Body, Vaseline Lip Tins Original Care, Vaseline Lip Tins Rosy Lips, Vaseline Lip Tins Cocoa Butter, Vaseline Original Skin Protecting Jelly, and Vaseline Cloud Soft Light Moisturiser. After getting ready, housemates posed in pairs at a #VaselineBlockbusterJodi photo stand, inspired by Vaseline’s Ceramide and Hyaluron combination. The pairs were: Amaal and Kunickaa, Mridul and Neelam, Baseer and Nehal, Abhishek and Ashnoor, Shehbaz and Tanya, Gaurav and Farhana, Pranit and Malti. Vaseline sponsored a live concert by Altaf Raja in the activity area, which housemates enjoyed from the garden area on a big screen, marking the first live concert in Bigg Boss’s 19 seasons.
On Day 61, Appy Fizz sponsored a task where housemates sat around a circular table with an Appy Fizz bottle in the center, rotated by house captain and sanchalak Mridul. The housemate on whom the bottle stopped picked one of three envelopes from a podium, each containing a dare to complete. The three housemates who won their dares received an Appy Fizz hamper. The bottle first stopped on Gaurav, whose dare required him to choose a housemate and compete by pouring Appy Fizz into a glass with minimal spillage and taking a shot first. Gaurav chose Neelam and won. Next, the bottle stopped on Farhana, whose dare involved choosing a competitor to take turns sipping Appy Fizz and saying something about another housemate after each sip; the first to finish the bottle won. Farhana chose Malti and won. Finally, the bottle stopped on Neelam, whose dare required her to select a competitor to balance a glass on their head while dancing; the one who kept the glass balanced won. Neelam chose Amaal and won. Gaurav, Farhana, and Neelam received Appy Fizz hampers.
* On Day 63, Silver Coin sent a festive hamper to the housemates containing sweets made with Silver Coin Chakki Atta, Besan, Rawa, Suji, and Maida, celebrating the Diwali season.
|-style="background:salmon;"
! style="background:salmon;" | Exits
| On Day 63, '''Nehal Chudasama''' and '''Baseer Ali''' became fifth and sixth housemate to get evicted.
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="12" style="background:#4A0B5E; color:white; " | Week 10
|-
! Twists
| On Day 66, Bigg Boss called all housemates to the Assembly Room to resolve the tie in the scientist lab captaincy task. Probable contenders Gaurav, Malti, Pranit, and Shehbaz were sent to the living area, where they watched live footage from the Assembly Room on a screen. The remaining housemates received cue cards and pens to vote between the tied pairs.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Housemate
! Vote
|-
| Tanya
| Shehbaz–Pranit (1)
|-
| Neelam
| Shehbaz–Pranit (2)
|-
| Mridul
| Gaurav–Malti (1)
|-
| Abhishek
| Gaurav–Malti (2)
|-
| Kunickaa
| Shehbaz–Pranit (3)
|-
| Amaal
| Shehbaz–Pranit (4)
|-
| Ashnoor
| Gaurav–Malti (3)
|-
| Farhana
| Shehbaz–Pranit (5)
|}
Shehbaz–Pranit received five votes, while Gaurav–Malti received three. As a result, Shehbaz and Pranit became the captaincy contenders.
|-
! Nominations
| On Day 64, Bigg Boss summoned all housemates to the Assembly Room and played a video clip showing Abhishek and Ashnoor repeatedly violating house rules by not wearing mics and hiding them despite announcements. Bigg Boss asked both to leave the room and proposed that, due to intentional violations, only Abhishek and Ashnoor be nominated for eviction that week. However, under the season’s housemates’ government theme, the decision was handed to the remaining housemates in the Assembly Room, shown live to Abhishek and Ashnoor in the living area. After discussion, housemates reached a tie. Bigg Boss directed house captain Mridul to break the tie. Mridul decided against nominating Abhishek and Ashnoor. Bigg Boss accepted the decision but imposed punishment: all housemates except Abhishek, Ashnoor, and Mridul were nominated for eviction, and the weekly ration was reduced to 50%. Tanya, Neelam, Farhana, Gaurav, Pranit, Kunickaa, Malti, Amaal and Shehbaz were nominated for weekend's eviction process.
|-style="background:#ff0800; color:#fff;"
! style="background:#cfc; |House Captain
! style="background:#cfc; |Mridul
|-
! rowspan="6" |Tasks
| On Day 66, Bigg Boss transformed the garden area into a genius scientist’s lab, where a formula for captaincy contendership required housemates to collect final items in pairs. Pairs were: Amaal–Farhana, Shehbaz–Pranit, Tanya–Mridul, Gaurav–Malti, and Kunickaa–Neelam. Abhishek and Ashnoor were excluded from contention due to deliberate rule violations (hiding mics), as Bigg Boss stated that captaincy requires upholding house rules. Each pair had to retrieve a specified item without using hands, placing it in a scientist’s deposit box using a four-part bucket attached to their hands. Ashnoor served as sanchalak. At the sound of “Lab ab khul gayi,” pairs assembled the bucket, received a table tennis ball, and stood at the start line. After Bigg Boss announced the item, a buzzer started the round. If a ball fell, Ashnoor sent the pair back to restart. The first pair to deposit the item earned a point.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Round
! Item
! Winning Pair
|-
| 1
| Teddy Bear
| Shehbaz–Pranit (1)
|-
| 2
| Wooden Elephant
| Amaal–Farhana (1)
|-
| 3
| Helmet
| Kunickaa–Neelam (1)
|-
| 4
| White Towel
| Gaurav–Malti (1)
|-
| 5
| Wooden Stick
| Shehbaz–Pranit (2)
|-
| 6
| Spoon
| Tanya–Mridul (1)
|-
| 7
| Heart shaped pillow
| Gaurav–Malti (2)
|}
At the task’s end, Shehbaz–Pranit and Gaurav–Malti each scored 2 points, resulting in a tie.
|-
! style="background:#087830;color:white;" | Winner – Shehbaz, Pranit, Gaurav, Malti
|-
! style="background:#CF1020;color:white;" | Failed – Amaal, Farhana, Tanya, Mridul, Kunickaa, Neelam
|-
| On Day 67, Bigg Boss initiated a combined captaincy and ration task in the garden area. With only 50% weekly ration allocated, housemates could earn additional items through the task. At the trumpet sound, all housemates gathered at the start line. At the gunshot, three balls fell from slides, one bearing a number. Excluding contenders Pranit and Shehbaz, and sanchalak Mridul, all housemates raced to catch the numbered ball. The catcher handed it to either Pranit or Shehbaz, who decided whether to place it on their own wall (for captaincy points) or the Ghar Ka Ration wall (for extra ration items). Mridul’s decision on who caught the ball was final.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Round
! Catcher
! Number
! Wall
|-
| 1
| Gaurav
| 3
| Pranit (3)
|-
| 2
| Ashnoor
| 5
| Pranit (8)
|-
| 3
| Abhishek
| 5
| Pranit (13)
|-
| 4
| Malti
| 8
| Pranit (21)
|-
| 5
| Neelam
| 3
| Ration by Shehbaz (3)
|}
At the end, Pranit’s wall totaled 21 points, Shehbaz’s 0, and the Ghar Ka Ration wall gained 3 items (added by Shehbaz in the final round). Pranit won and became house captain, with housemates receiving 50% base ration plus 3 additional items.
|-
! style="background:#087830;color:white;" | Winner – Pranit
|-
! style="background:#CF1020;color:white;" | Failed – Shehbaz
|-
! Sponsored
| On Day 68, Lakmé sponsored a team task divided into Team Lakmé Peach Milk (Gaurav, Abhishek, Ashnoor, Mridul, Pranit, Malti) and Team Lakmé Perfect Radiance AM PM Duo (Amaal, Shehbaz, Neelam, Tanya, Kunickaa, Farhana). Team Lakmé Peach Milk performed a mimicry act with two members (Gaurav and Ashnoor) depicting tension between Abhishek and Kunickaa, illustrating how Lakmé Peach Milk reduces friction and roughness on skin. Team Lakmé Perfect Radiance AM PM Duo performed a mimicry act with two members (Kunickaa and Farhana) depicting the dull game of Malti and Abhishek, showing how Lakmé Perfect Radiance AM PM Duo repairs dark spots and pigmentation. Both teams used Lakmé products during their acts and received one Lakmé hamper each.
|-
|-style="background:#fcf;"
! style="background:salmon;" |Exits
| On Day 70, '''Pranit More''' exited the Bigg Boss 19 house due to health concerns, and requiring hospitalization for treatment. His departure, announced by host Salman Khan during the Weekend Ka Vaar episode, was not due to public voting but a medical necessity, as the required care could not be provided in the house.
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="10" style="background:#4A0B5E; color:white; " | Week 11
|-
! Twists
|
* On Day 75, Pranit re-entered the house through the storeroom after a bell rang, welcomed back by Bigg Boss following his medical exit on Day 70.
* On Day 77, Gaurav and Farhana were saved by audience votes. The bottom three were Neelam, Abhishek, and Ashnoor. Pranit, who was absent during nominations due to medical reasons, was given a special power as captain to save one from eviction, with the other two eliminated. Pranit chose to save Ashnoor, citing her greater contribution and capability to the audience. As a result, Abhishek and Neelam were evicted.
|-
! Nominations
| On Day 72, Bigg Boss announced an election-themed nomination process. Housemates were called to the confession room in pairs or trios, where they were presented with two or three names and had to elect one for nomination (placing their photo in the red “Nominated” box) while the others were safe (green “Safe” box). Housemates sat on the living area sofa during the process, prohibited from discussing, whispering, or gesturing about nominations.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Housemates
! Choices
! Nominated
! Safe
|-
| Farhana Ashnoor Malti
| Mridul Abhishek
| Abhishek
| Mridul
|-
| Amaal Mridul
| Farhana Tanya
| Farhana
| Tanya
|-
| Kunickaa Neelam
| Gaurav Amaal Shehbaz
| Gaurav
| Amaal Shehbaz
|-
| Abhishek Gaurav
| Neelam Malti
| Neelam
| Malti
|-
| Tanya Shehbaz
| Ashnoor Kunickaa
| Ashnoor
| Kunickaa
|}
At the end, Shehbaz brought the Nominated box and key to the living area. Bigg Boss instructed him to open it and reveal the nominated housemates. Abhishek, Farhana, Gaurav, Neelam, Ashnoor were nominated for weekend's eviction process.
|-
|-style="background:#ff0800; color:#fff;"
! style="background:#cfc; |House Captain
! style="background:#cfc; | <s>Pranit</s>
|-
! rowspan="4" |Tasks
| On Day 73, Bigg Boss called all housemates to the Activity Area for a ration-earning task on ration day. A Search Engine Computer was set up, displaying incomplete sentences about housemates with blanks for the second half. Bigg Boss called housemates one by one to fill in the blanks, completing the sentence about another housemate. The computer then highlighted keywords, triggering a 10-minute discussion on the topic. Bigg Boss selected one housemate to become the “voice of the computer” and speak on the topic.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Round
! Half Sentence
! Filler
! Full Sentence
! Speaker
|-
| 1
| _ Bada _ Hai
| Malti
| Tanya Badi Sacchi Hai
| Amaal
|-
| 2
| _ Ekdum _ Hai
| Farhana
| Amaal Ekdum Dogla Hai
| Gaurav
|-
| 3
| _ Ko _ Bulaana Chahiye
| Neelam
| Abhishek Ko Chamcha Bulaana Chahiye
| Kunickaa
|}
At the task’s end, Bigg Boss asked Mridul to judge on his behalf, evaluating the accuracy of blank-filling and the honesty of speakers. Mridul awarded 90% of the weekly ration.
|-
| On Day 74, Bigg Boss announced a musical chairs-style captaincy task on a guitar-shaped dance floor in the garden area. Housemates stood on boxes, dancing to music; when it stopped, those on the same box were eliminated. In the first round, Tanya and Shehbaz were eliminated, making Shehbaz sanchalak.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Round
! Eliminated
|-
| 1
| Tanya Shehbaz
|-
| 2
| Farhana Mridul
|-
| 3
| Abhishek Neelam
|-
| 4
| Gaurav Malti
|-
| 5
| Ashnoor Kunickaa
|}
As the Amaal was the last standing, Amaal became house captain for the second time.
|-
! style="background:#087830;color:white;" | Winner – Amaal
|-
! style="background:#CF1020;color:white;" | Failed – Tanya, Shehbaz, Farhana, Mridul, Abhishek, Neelam, Gaurav, Malti, Ashnoor, Kunickaa
|-
! Sponsored
|
* On Day 73, Fujifilm sent an Instax Mini 12 instant camera to all housemates, along with memorable photos captured in the house.
* On Day 75, Vaseline sponsored a team task highlighting the dual power of Ceramide and Hyaluron in the new upgraded Vaseline Deep Moisture Body Lotion. Housemates paired up to appeal to captain Amaal for 1 minute, explaining why they were a "blockbuster pair" like the lotion's ingredients and deserved to perform the task. Amaal selected two pairs: Gaurav–Mridul and Tanya–Neelam. The pairs competed: starting at Point A with sacks, they placed one leg in a shared sack and hopped to Point B to collect puzzle pieces, returned to Point A to assemble the puzzle on a blackboard. The first pair to complete the puzzle won. Gaurav and Mridul won, receiving Vaseline hampers.
* On Day 77, Ghazal Alagh, Co-founder and Chief Innovation Officer of Honasa Consumer Ltd. ([[Mamaearth]]), visited the house to promote the brand. She gifted Mamaearth products and a plant to each housemate.
|-style="background:salmon;"
! style="background:salmon;" |Exits
| On Day 77, '''Neelam Giri''' and '''Abhishek Bajaj''' became seventh and eighth housemate to get evicted.
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="8" style="background:#4A0B5E; color:white; " | Week 12
|-
! Twists
| On Day 81, Bigg Boss called each housemate one by one to the App Room (except Shehbaz), announcing that weekly ration shopping would occur there. Each housemate was offered two choices: “Social Media Following” (revealing their current social media followers for the first time) or “10% Ration” (adding 10% to the base 30% ration).
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Housemate
! Choice
! Status
|-
| Ashnoor
| 10% Ration
| Ghar Ke Weekly Ration Mein 10% Ration Add Ho Gaya
|-
| Pranit
| 10% Ration
| Ghar Ke Weekly Ration Mein 10% Ration Add Ho Gaya
|-
| Malti
| 10% Ration
| Ghar Ke Weekly Ration Mein 10% Ration Add Ho Gaya
|-
| Kunickaa
| Social Media Following
| Aapki Current Social Media Following 218K Hai
|-
| Amaal
| Social Media Following
| Aapki Current Social Media Following 5.2 Million Hai
|-
| Farhana
| Social Media Following
| Aapki Current Social Media Following 1.3 Million Hai
|-
| Tanya
| Social Media Following
| Aapki Current Social Media Following 3.7 Million Hai
|-
| Gaurav
| Gaurav Captaincy
| Congratulations Aap Ban Gaye Hain Captain! Lekin 30% Ration Cut! Aapke Illava, Baki Sab Nominated
|}
Ashnoor, Pranit, and Malti chose “10% Ration,” increasing the ration to 60%. Kunickaa, Amaal, Farhana, and Tanya chose “Social Media Following,” keeping the ration at 60%. As a captaincy contender, Gaurav was given two options: “Shehbaz Captaincy” (making Shehbaz captain, with 100% ration and no nominations) or “Gaurav Captaincy” (making Gaurav captain, with 30% ration and all housemates except him nominated). Gaurav chose “Gaurav Captaincy.” Bigg Boss then announced this in the living area, revealing the options and consequences, making Gaurav the new captain while nominating all other housemates and limiting the ration to 30%.

Later in a day, Bigg Boss called all housemates to the Assembly Room, addressing the controversy from Gaurav’s earlier choice in the App Room, where he opted for captaincy despite equal chances between him and Shehbaz, leading to 30% ration, full house nominations, and allegations of bias against Bigg Boss. Bigg Boss clarified that the season’s democracy theme empowered housemates to challenge decisions, noting past accusations of unfairness but emphasizing consistent equality. Housemates were not upset about the ration cut or nominations but specifically about Gaurav becoming captain over Shehbaz. To resolve this, Bigg Boss sent Gaurav and Shehbaz to the living area. Remaining housemates received cue cards and markers to vote for the captain.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Housemate
! Vote
|-
| Amaal
| Shehbaz
|-
| Kunickaa
| Shehbaz
|-
| Ashnoor
| Gaurav
|-
| Farhana
| Shehbaz
|-
| Malti
| Shehbaz
|-
| Pranit
| Gaurav
|-
| Tanya
| Shehbaz
|}
Shehbaz received 5 votes, Gaurav 2. Bigg Boss announced Gaurav’s captaincy was overthrown by housemates, making Shehbaz the new captain. However, Gaurav’s choice consequences remained: 30% ration and all housemates except Shehbaz nominated. Amaal, Kunickaa, Tanya, Farhana, Ashnoor, Pranit, Malti, and Gaurav were nominated for the next weekend eviction.

|-style="background:#ff0800; color:#fff;"
! style="background:#cfc; |House Captain
! style="background:#cfc; | Amaal
|-
! rowspan="3" |Tasks
|
On Day 79, Bigg Boss summoned all housemates to the Assembly Room and announced: "This season is about democracy. In democracy, there is a fight for power, differing opinions, and the right to defeat the opposition to gain authority. To determine the captain for Week 12, we are adding the tadka of politics to BB Democracy."
Bigg Boss introduced a political battle among three parties, each led by a founding member:
* Gaurav
* Kunickaa
* Shehbaz
Amaal was appointed Sanchalak (supervisor) and remained neutral, not part of any party.
Task Structure -
* Each party must compete in activities to earn points.
* The ultimate goal: Secure captaincy contenderships.
* Compulsory rule: Each party must have exactly 3 members (1 founder + 2 recruits).

Phase 1: Party Formation
Founding members delivered opening speeches at the podium in this order:
Kunickaa → Shehbaz → Gaurav
(They openly criticized rival founders to attract members.)

Amaal inaugurated three party offices in the garden area.
Other housemates chose their party based on the founder they found most capable.

Final Party Line-up (after enrollment):
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Party
! Members
|-
| Gaurav
| Gaurav Pranit Mridul
|-
| Kuncikaa
| Kunickaa Farhana Tanya
|-
| Shehbaz
| Shehbaz Malti Ashnoor
|}

Party members were allowed to sloganize and campaign against rivals.

Activity 1: Campaign Letter
* Each founder wrote on a campaign letter (displayed in their office) why their party members were winning material in Bigg Boss.
* Founders read their letters aloud.
* Amaal judged and awarded 1 point to Gaurav’s Party for the best campaign.

Score after Activity 1:
* Gaurav: 1
* Kunickaa: 0
* Shehbaz: 0

Activity 2: "Ek Amaal Aur Uske Do Sawaal"
* Amaal asked 2 questions to each party (one question per member, two members per party).
* Parties responded.
* Amaal declared Kunickaa’s Party the winner.

Score after Activity 2:
* Gaurav: 1
* Kunickaa: 1
* Shehbaz: 0

Bigg Boss ended the task for Day 79.

On Day 80, Bigg Boss reconvened the housemates in the Assembly Room and declared: "Yesterday, politics began. Today is the day of results. In politics, after campaigning, the verdict comes through voting — and for the first time this season, the house doors are opening for fans."

Voting & Eviction Rules
* Live audience voting in 3 batches.
* Each party performs individual campaigning on stage (all 3 members).
* Voting is for individuals (except Amaal).

Advantages/Disadvantages based on Day 79 performance:
* Gaurav & Kunickaa’s Parties (1 win each) → 15 minutes to campaign.
* Shehbaz’s Party (0 wins) → 7.5 minutes only.

Twist:
* Top 2 individuals with most votes → Captaincy contenders
* 1 individual with least votes → Evicted immediately

Campaign Order
* Gaurav, Pranit, Mridul
* Kunickaa, Farhana, Tanya
* Shehbaz, Malti, Ashnoor

Each batch of audience entered, watched the campaign, voted secretly, and exited.
Housemates were not allowed to interact with the audience during voting.

Results Announcement
* Bigg Boss brought everyone back to the Assembly Room with a locked ballot box.
* Amaal opened the box and distributed vote slips.
* Housemates revealed their vote counts:

{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Housemate
! Votes
|-
| Shehbaz
| 28
|-
| Kunickaa
| 16
|-
| Farhana
| 16
|-
| Mridul
| 4
|-
| Ashnoor
| 15
|-
| Tanya
| 18
|-
| Gaurav
| 24
|-
| Pranit
| 21
|-
| Malti
| 7
|}

Final Outcome
* Captaincy Contenders: Shehbaz and Gaurav
* Evicted: Mridul (evicted from the Assembly Room itself)
|-
! style="background:#087830;color:white;" | Winner – Shehbaz, Gaurav
|-
! style="background:#CF1020;color:white;" | Failed – Tanya, Farhana, Mridul, Malti, Ashnoor, Kunickaa, Pranit
|-
! Sponsored
|
* On Day 81, Danube Properties, in a historic collaboration, announced a royal surprise for the housemates: a luxury cruise party experience. When housemates visit Dubai using the boarding passes gifted by Danube Properties, they can participate in the cruise party.
* On Day 82, Bingo! Tedhe Medhe brought the Bingo! Tedhe Medhe Chaat Challenge to the house. Two teams competed: Team 1 (Pranit, Gaurav, Ashnoor) and Team 2 (Farhana, Kunickaa, Amaal). Each team selected two members to participate. Using available ingredients and Bingo! Tedhe Medhe snacks, teams created one chaat. After the buzzer, both teams presented their chaats to judges Shehbaz, Tanya, and Malti, who tasted and decided the winner. Team 2 won, receiving a key to the Bingo! Tedhe Medhe rack to choose 3 packets.
|-style="background:salmon;"
! style="background:salmon;" |Exits
| On Day 80, '''Mridul Tiwari''' became ninth housemate to get evicted.
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="5" style="background:#4A0B5E; color:white; " | Week 13
|-
|-style="background:#ff0800; color:#fff;"
! style="background:#cfc; |House Captain
! style="background:#cfc; | <s>Gaurav</s> Shehbaz
|-
! Tasks
|
* On Day 86, Bigg Boss inaugurated Family Week with a “Welcome To Family Week” board displayed in the house and photos of all housemates dangling from a tree. Bigg Boss noted that after 12 weeks without contact, housemates were missing their families. Family members would visit one by one, but under the “Freeze and Release” game: upon “freeze,” housemates must remain motionless until “release.” Any lapse could halt Family Week or prevent further visits. Guests would enter and exit via the tunnel, attaching their photo to their housemate’s on the family tree upon leaving.
* On Day 86, Kunickaa’s son Ayaan Lall entered first and was welcomed by Bigg Boss. Later, Ashnoor’s father Gurmeet Singh entered and was welcomed. In the evening, Bigg Boss arranged a feast prepared by Gurmeet giving items from store room, assisted by house captain Shehbaz.
* On Day 87, Kunickaa’s granddaughters Ahana Kothari and Amaya Kothari entered through the confession room, received by Ayaan, and welcomed by Bigg Boss. Before leaving via the tunnel, Gurmeet and Ayaan attached their photos to the family tree. Later, Gaurav’s wife Akanksha Chamola entered and was welcomed by Bigg Boss. After her, Farhana’s mother Afroza Bhat entered and was welcomed by Bigg Boss. Akanksha attached his photo to Gaurav’s and left the same day.
* On Day 88, Afroza attached her photo to Farhana’s on the family tree and left. Later, Amaal’s brother Armaan Mallik entered and was welcomed by Bigg Boss. Pranit’s brother Prayag More then entered and was welcomed. Bigg Boss arranged a bonfire night with Armaan and Prayag. Armaan attached his photo to Amaal’s and left the same day.
* On Day 89, Bigg Boss called all housemates and Prayag to the Assembly Room, sending Pranit and Prayag out. Bigg Boss noted Pranit’s wish to meet his nephew Abeer (Prayag’s son). Pranit’s sister-in-law Kajal More and nephew Abeer More entered from the main door and were welcomed by Bigg Boss. After the meeting, Prayag attached his photo to Pranit’s on the family tree and left with Kajal and Abeer. Later, Shehbaz’s father Santokh Singh Sukh entered and was welcomed by Bigg Boss. Tanya’s brother Amritesh Mittal then entered and was welcomed.
* On Day 90, Santokh and Amritesh attached their photos to Shehbaz’s and Tanya’s on the family tree and left. Malti’s brother Deepak Chahar entered and was welcomed by Bigg Boss. Deepak attached his photo to Malti’s and left in the evening.
* On Day 90, Bigg Boss announced the end of Family Week and the Freeze and Release game, fulfilling housemates’ wishes to reunite with family members after a long wait.
|-
! Sponsored
|
* On Day 86, Asian Footwears gifted every housemate a pair of high-quality, stylish, and durable shoes to make their workouts more fun and comfortable.
* On Day 88, Lux Cozi gifted Heatek Cozy Warmers to housemates selected by Captain Shehbaz. House captain Shehbaz selected one female housemate (Kunickaa) and one male housemate (Pranit) whose presence brought warmth and positivity to the house, awarding them the gifts.
* On Day 89, Ching's Secret Chinese brought a chaat challenge in the garden area, into two teams: Team A (Ashnoor, Gaurav) and Team B (Amaal, Farhana). Each team searched for two cue cards hidden in the garden who had written Ching's Schezwan Chutney on them, then handed them to house captain Shehbaz and ate samosa, momo, and vada pav from a table using Ching's Schezwan Chutney set for their teams. As Team B finished first they won, receiving fiery Ching's hampers.
|-style="background:salmon;"
! style="background:salmon;" |Exits
| On Day 91, '''Kunickaa Sadanand''' became tenth housemate to get evicted.
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="13" style="background:#4A0B5E; color:white; " | Week 14
|-
! Twists
|
* On Day 93, Bigg Boss summoned all housemates to the Assembly Room, where the Ticket to Finale was displayed in the center. Bigg Boss emphasized the Assembly Room’s pivotal role in the season as a place for solutions and paths forward. With all housemates nominated, Bigg Boss offered a way to safety and the first finale spot: the Ticket to Finale, which would halt voting for the winner and secure their finale entry. Bigg Boss noted that success has no shortcut, but this was one to the finale. Before the task, Bigg Boss sought housemates’ opinions on whether wild cards Shehbaz and Malti should compete for the ticket, or if it should be limited to original entrants. Shehbaz and Malti were sent to the living area to watch live footage. Pranit distributed cue cards and markers. Housemates voted yes or no; with 4 yes and 2 no, Shehbaz and Malti were included in the race. The ticket remained in the Assembly Room, awaiting its holder until the week’s end.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Housemate
! Votes
|-
| Pranit
| Yes
|-
| Amaal
| Yes
|-
| Farhana
| No
|-
| Tanya
| Yes
|-
| Ashnoor
| No
|-
| Gaurav
| Yes
|}
* On Day 95, Bigg Boss called all housemates to the Assembly Room, announcing that the season’s first finalist would be decided among Gaurav, Farhana, Pranit, or Ashnoor. Bigg Boss instructed Pranit to distribute cue cards and markers to all housemates. To ensure fairness and prevent focus on perceived biases, Bigg Boss emphasized that wins and losses, fairness and unfairness, were shared among housemates. Unlike previous tasks, no sanchalak was appointed; housemates decided the sanchalak for the Ticket to Finale final challenge. Bigg Boss asked each housemate to write one name from Shehbaz, Tanya, Amaal, or Malti on their cue card to serve as sanchalak. Shehbaz, Tanya, Amaal, and Malti could vote but not for themselves. Shehbaz received the maximum votes and became sanchalak for the Ticket to Finale final challenge.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Housemate
! Votes
|-
| Shehbaz
| Amaal
|-
| Ashnoor
| Malti
|-
| Gaurav
| Shehbaz
|-
| Amaal
| Shehbaz
|-
| Pranit
| Shehbaz
|-
| Farhana
| Amaal
|-
| Malti
| Shehbaz
|-
| Tanya
| Amaal
|}
|-
! Nominations
| On Day 93, Bigg Boss announced the end of Shehbaz’s captaincy tenure and the start of the second-last week’s nominations. Bigg Boss sent Tanya to the store room, where she retrieved two stamps of Nominated and stamp pad. The task required housemates to stamp “Nominated” on the face of those they wished to nominate, with no reasons given. As this was the 14th week, Bigg Boss noted that eight housemates were strong individuals based on audience votes, granting them individuality. Bigg Boss conducted one-on-one interviews in the confession room, allowing each to nominate as many housemates as desired, with no limit and no cap. In the living area, Bigg Boss announced the results, calling each housemate to reveal if they were nominated and the number of votes received. Nominators then stamped the faces of the nominated. Amaal received 5 votes, Malti 5, Tanya 6, Gaurav 5, Pranit 4, Shehbaz 6, Ashnoor 4, and Farhana 6. Gaurav, Ashnoor, Pranit, Malti, Shehbaz, Tanya, Amaal, and Farhana were nominated for the weekend eviction.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Housemate
! Votes
|-
| Pranit
| Amaal Farhana Tanya Shehbaz
|-
| Tanya
| Shehbaz Ashnoor Amaal Gaurav Malti Farhana Pranit
|-
| Amaal
| Gaurav Pranit
|-
| Ashnoor
| Tanya Farhana Malti Shehbaz Amaal
|-
| Malti
| Shehbaz Ashnoor Tanya Farhana Gaurav
|-
| Shehbaz
| Ashnoor Farhana Malti Gaurav Tanya Pranit
|-
| Gaurav
| Malti Tanya Farhana Amaal Shehbaz
|-
| Farhana
| Amaal Gaurav Malti Ashnoor Shehbaz Pranit Tanya
|}
|-
! style="background:#cfc; |House Captain
! None
|-
! rowspan="6" |Tasks
| On Day 94, Bigg Boss announced Part 2 of the Ticket to Finale task, where four contenders’ dreams would be "dashed in the river of fire" and permanently eliminated from the race. The task featured four races with two contenders each. Contenders had to cross a lava track before their opponent without touching it with their feet. The four winners would remain in contention; the four losers would be out. To aid crossing, each contender needed a helper wearing fireproof gloves to create a path by placing platforms. The helper selection was the first part: Bigg Boss announced the competing contenders, and the remaining six housemates filled blank sacks with dry grass and leaves from the garden area within 10 minutes. They weighed the sacks, and the two with the heaviest sacks became helpers. The contenders and helpers mutually decided pairings. Helpers placed platforms on the track, moving one ahead, stepping on it, retrieving the previous, and repeating. Other housemates sat aside and could declare a restart if a contender touched the track before finishing. Races started at a gunshot sound. Winners picked the loser’s bottle from the stage, placed it on a wooden plank near the pool, and used a spear to push it into the pool, extinguishing their Ticket to Finale chance. A wall with contenders’ photos lit up; winners slid a cover over the loser’s photo. Ashnoor, Pranit, Gaurav, and Farhana won their races and remained in contention, while Tanya, Shehbaz, Malti, and Amaal were eliminated from the Ticket to Finale race.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Contenders
! Helpers
! Progressed
! Eliminated
|-
| Tanya Ashnoor
| Pranit Gaurav
| Ashnoor
| Tanya
|-
| Pranit Shehbaz
| Gaurav Ashnoor
| Pranit
| Shehbaz
|-
| Gaurav Malti
| Ashnoor Shehbaz
| Gaurav
| Malti
|-
| Amaal Farhana
| Shehbaz Gaurav
| Amaal
| Farhana
|}
|-
! style="background:#087830;color:white;" | Winner – Ashnoor, Pranit, Gaurav, Farhana
|-
! style="background:#CF1020;color:white;" | Failed – Tanya, Shehbaz, Malti, Amaal
|-
| On Day 95, Bigg Boss announced the countdown to the season's first finalist: 4, 3, 2, 1. Contenders Farhana, Gaurav, Pranit, and Ashnoor would be eliminated one by one until one remained as the first finalist. A well in the garden area held the power to grant the Ticket to Finale but required "happiness" through a three-round task of 20 minutes each. Contenders balanced wooden planks on their shoulders with red (left) and blue (right) water bowls attached, walking a lava track around the well without spilling drops, as each drop symbolized a lost chance. Other housemates (except Shehbaz) could interfere to unbalance opponents. A round ended if a contender’s red water dropped below the green line before 20 minutes or at the end, with sanchalak Shehbaz declaring the loser based on the least red water. The winner advanced; the loser was eliminated. In Round 1, Farhana was eliminated. In Round 2, Pranit was eliminated. In Round 3, Ashnoor was eliminated. Gaurav, the sole survivor, became the first finalist. Bigg Boss instructed Shehbaz to hand Gaurav the Ticket to Finale. Gaurav was declared safe from the current week’s nominations and the new house captain.
|-
! style="background:#087830;color:white;" | Winner – Gaurav
|-
! style="background:#CF1020;color:white;" | Failed – Ashnoor, Pranit, Farhana
|-
! Sponsored
|
* On Day 93, Crax sent Crax Biggies snacks to all housemates.
* On Day 95, Tide sent a special hamper to all housemates containing fresh white bathrobes, soft towels, and Tide Double Power Pack detergent, each customized with the housemate’s name.
* On Day 97, sponsor Appy Fizz, celebrating boldness and authenticity, brought the "Appy Fizz or False" challenge in its fizzy style. A large canvas flipbook displayed incomplete statements with "Appy Fizz or False" blanks. House captain Gaurav flipped a page each round, read the line aloud, named a housemate, and called them forward to fill the blank with another housemate’s name. Other housemates voted with paddles on whether the statement was "Fizz" (true) or "False". Gaurav then revealed his judgment. Housemates whose votes matched Gaurav’s earned a Fizz bottle token, attached to their name on the Appy Fizz scoreboard. The three with the most tokens won a special pizza treat and Appy Fizz bottle, shareable with a favorite housemate. Pranit, Amaal, Ashnoor, and Shehbaz had the maximum tokens and received the prize.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Sentence
! Housemate
! Name
! Captain's vote
! Winner
|-
| _ sabse bada risk-taker hai, hamesha apni individuality pe stand leta/leti hai.
| Tanya
| Farhana
| Fizz
| Pranit Farhana Amaal Ashnoor Tanya Shehbaz
|-
| _ ke game Fizz sabse jyada on-point aur entertaining hai.
| Pranit
| Shehbaz
| Fizz
| Pranit Farhana Amaal Ashnoor Malti Shehbaz
|-
| _ sabse bold aur confident hai.
| Amaal
| Gaurav
| Fizz
| Pranit Farhana Amaal Ashnoor Shehbaz
|-
| _ ki sharartein ab thodi over ho rahi hain because they have lost their fizz.
| Ashnoor
| Tanya
| Fizz
| Pranit Amaal Ashnoor Shehbaz
|-
| _ ki fakeness uski asli personality ko chhupa rahi hai.
| Shehbaz
| Tanya
| Fizz
| Pranit Amaal Ashnoor Shehbaz
|}
|-style="background:#FFE08B"
! rowspan="2" style="background:salmon;" |Exits
| On Day 98, '''Ashnoor Kaur''' became eleventh housemate to get exited from house as she broke house rules with physical altercation with Tanya.
|-style="background:salmon;"
| On Day 98, '''Shehbaz Badesha''' became twelfth housemate to get evicted.
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="16" style="background:#4A0B5E; color:white; " | Week 15 Finale Week
|-
! Twists
|
* On Day 99, Bigg Boss called all housemates to the living area, welcoming them to the finale week and congratulating them on reaching the end of their 15-week journey. Bigg Boss asked how they felt, then specifically questioned Amaal about any perceived unfairness, Malti about her happiness or complaints with fellow finalists, and Tanya about any memorable stories from the season. Bigg Boss noted that the housemates had answered well but that upcoming questions would be more complex and difficult, as it was time for the season's first and last press conference. Housemates moved to the garden area, seating themselves on chairs facing press reporters and journalists. Bigg Boss welcomed the media, emphasizing that the season’s democracy theme involved raising questions and answering them naturally. He instructed the reporters to begin their series of questions and answers with the contestants. After the first round, Bigg Boss announced a short break, resuming the session after half an hour. Round 2 ended, and Bigg Boss announced the press conference was over, allowing housemates to return to the house.
* On Day 101, Bigg Boss stated that 18 housemates had entered the Bigg Boss house, and now only the six housemates remained. It had been a long, ups-and-downs-filled, and amazing journey, warranting a toast, but for now, a roast was in order. Listening and laughing would not suffice; the housemates had to speak and make others laugh. Bigg Boss announced Bigg Boss 19’s Open Mic Night, made extra special with three guests—Gurleen, Sumaira, and Kullu—who would perform alongside the finalists. The finalists were to prepare roasts in their own style, acknowledging their inexperience but noting Pranit More’s availability for help. Pens and papers were in the storeroom for preparation, and Pranit would assist individually. Pranit would serve as Roastmaster. Bigg Boss instructed them to start preparing. Later, housemates entered the activity area, where the BB 19 Open Mic setup was ready, and guests Gurleen, Sumaira, and Kullu were present. Bigg Boss welcomed Gurleen, Sumaira, and Kullu to the BB 19 Open Mic. With the guests, family, and Roastmaster Pranit ready, Bigg Boss opened the open mic, handing over to Pranit. Tanya, Sumaira, Farhana, Gaurav, Kullu, Malti, Amaal, and Gurleen performed in order.
* On Day 102, Bigg Boss called all housemates to the garden area, where a board with five finalist slots already featured Gaurav’s photo. Bigg Boss noted that after 105 days, the finale was near, but one of the five housemates would be evicted. The five—Tanya, Amaal, Pranit, Farhana, and Malti—were nominated, with voting closed. A cauldron decided fates: housemates wrote their names on slips, burned them, and smoke color revealed results. Green smoke meant saved and finalist; red meant evicted; white meant wait. The order was random.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Housemate
! Smoke
! Status
|-
| Pranit
| White
| Wait
|-
| Amaal
| Green
| {{CFinalist}}
|-
| Farhana
| White
| Wait
|-
| Malti
| White
| Wait
|-
| Tanya
| Green
| {{CFinalist}}
|-
| Pranit
| Green
| {{CFinalist}}
|-
| Malti
| Red
| {{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| Farhana
| Green
| {{CFinalist}}
|}
Malti’s slip produced red smoke, indicating the fewest viewer votes and eviction. Her journey ended, despite her short time made impact on viewers. Malti exited through the garden gate. Gaurav, Tanya, Amaal, Pranit, and Farhana became the five finalists. Bigg Boss congratulated them, ending Gaurav’s captaincy tenure and housemates’ government, as only fan votes mattered. Voting lines opened for India to choose the winner.
* On Day 102, Bigg Boss called the five finalists—Amaal, Tanya, Gaurav, Pranit, and Farhana—to the Assembly Room, where chairs bore photos of evicted housemates with crosses, and five empty chairs awaited them. The Bigg Boss 19 trophy was displayed, symbolizing their dream meeting the finalists face to face. Bigg Boss reflected on the Assembly Room’s central role in the season: a space where every housemate’s voice was heard with utmost respect, decisions were made under the housemates’ government, and questions were answered. Now, only one answer remained: among Amaal, Tanya, Gaurav, Pranit, and Farhana, who would win the Bigg Boss 19 trophy? Bigg Boss posed this question to the finalists out of curiosity, then instructed Pranit to distribute cue cards and markers. Each finalist wrote whom they would vote for as the winner, excluding themselves, as if they were audience members.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Housemate
! Vote
|-
| Amaal
| Pranit
|-
| Pranit
| Gaurav
|-
| Farhana
| Tanya
|-
| Gaurav
| Pranit
|-
| Tanya
| Amaal
|}
Bigg Boss noted that the housemates’ government had ended, and no further decisions remained for BB Democracy—the audience’s votes would decide the winner. The Assembly Room’s work was complete; once throbbing with 18 housemate's voices, it would now fall into desolate darkness and eternal sleep. Bigg Boss instructed the finalists to exit the Assembly Room for the last time.
* On Day 103, Bigg Boss gathered all finalists in the living area, describing the finale week as one of the most emotional in the show. Bigg Boss congratulated them on completing their journeys but shifted focus to their life stories, noting everyone faces ups and downs. To allow fans to understand their highs and lows, Bigg Boss offered an opportunity to share life graphs. Bigg Boss called each finalist one by one to the activity area, where a mirror board displayed a central line with the housemate's birth date and today's date. Finalists plotted high and low points of their lives with dates on the graph. Gaurav, Tanya, Pranit, Amaal, and Farhana completed this in order.
* On Day 104, Bigg Boss called all finalists to the living area, stating that he had been listening and feeling their heartbeats. Bigg Boss noted that the finalists had been eager to see the house's journey, and now it was time for them to view their individual journeys with Bigg Boss's narration. The 15-week journey would come alive as a story. Bigg Boss called each finalist one by one to the garden area, where they walked through the entrance gate into a room surrounded by screens. Bigg Boss narrated the finalist’s journey, with photos from their time in the house displayed on the screens. The finalist then stepped onto a podium that acted like a lift, rising to a large single screen where they watched their personal journey video. Gaurav, Farhana, Amaal, Pranit, and Tanya watched their journey videos in that order.
|-
! rowspan="2" | Nominations
| On Day 98, during the Weekend Ka Vaar, host Salman Khan announced after Shehbaz’s eviction that all remaining housemates except captain Gaurav were nominated for the mid-week eviction process. Amaal, Farhana, Malti, Pranit, and Tanya got nominated for mid-week eviction process.
|-
| On Day 102, Gaurav, Tanya, Amaal, Pranit, and Farhana were nominated for winning Bigg Boss 19.
|-
|-style="background:#ff0800; color:#fff;"
! style="background:#cfc; |House Captain
! style="background:#cfc; |Gaurav
|-
! Sponsored
|
* On Day 101, sponsor Danube Properties, which launched Shahrukhz by Danube—a premium 55-storey commercial tower in Dubai featuring world-class offices, 35+ amenities, and a helipad—gifted an exclusive Shahrukh Khan momento to each housemate. The momento serves as a reminder that their journey can become a global address of power, success, and dream fulfillment, just like Shahrukhz by Danube.
|-style="background:salmon;"
! style="background:salmon;" |Exits
| On Day 102, '''Malti Chahar''' became thirteenth housemate to get evicted.
|-
! colspan="2" |
|-
! style="background:gold; color: black;" |Grand Finale
|
* On Day 107, during the Grand Finale, Bigg Boss welcomed the finalists to the season finale of their 15-week journey in Bigg Boss 19. Bigg Boss reflected that the house, once just walls, had been brought to life by the housemates, giving voice to its silent corners. The house would miss them, and they it, so as a final farewell, Bigg Boss instructed them to decorate it with emotions. Each finalist took a canvas and marker to their favorite house area, writing a special message and sticking the canvas there as a parting gift. Gaurav, Farhana, Pranit, Amaal, and Tanya completed this in order.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Housemate
! Vote
|-
| Gaurav
| Red Chair at the entrance of bathroom
|-
| Farhana
| Violet Couch near Appy Fizz Wall in garden
|-
| Pranit
| Two blue chairs near gym below Vaseline board in garden
|-
| Amaal
| Corner at entrance of activity area and medical room
|-
| Tanya
| Tree at entrance of garden area
|}
Back in the living area, Bigg Boss noted they had decorated the house with memories and proposed a toast to the five finalists. Gaurav raised the toast by opening a fruit champagne bottle, pouring it into five glasses, and serving them to finalists who drank it.

* Host Salman Khan performed a dance on Jalwa song.

* Host Salman started a viral trend by filming a short video on a mobile phone, passing it to evicted housemates in a full-circle chain. Each described the next recipient without naming them. The sequence was: Salman → Awez → Nagma → Abhishek → Nehal → Baseer → Natalia → Mridul → Shehbaz → Kunickaa → Zeishan → Neelam → Malti → Ashnoor → Salman. Salman passed the phone to the finalists, who delivered solo acts before a collective group number:

Gaurav Khanna: Jashn-e-Ishqa

Tanya Mittal: Baby Doll

Pranit More: Aaya Re Toofan

Farhana Bhat: Khallas

Amaal Mallik: Eyy Bidda Ye Mera Adda

All Five Finalists Collectively: Closed with Dhurandhar - Title Track

* Host Salman welcomed the families of the finalists, who performed a group dance to Ek Doosre Se Karte Hain Pyar Hum
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Housemate
! Family Members
! Relation
|-
| Pranit
| Prayag More Vanita More Satyawan More
| Brother Mother Father
|-
| Gaurav
| Akanksha Chamola
| Wife
|-
| Farhana
| Afroza Bhat
| Mother
|-
| Amaal
| Jyothi Mallik Daboo Mallik
| Mother Father
|-
| Tanya
| Amritesh Mittal
| Brother
|}
They joined evicted housemates and sat with them.
* On Day 107, host Salman Khan welcomed Pawan Singh on stage. Pawan Singh introduced the first eviction of the night, noting that all eyes were on the top 5 finalists and their posters, which held their destinies hidden. These posters were in the Assembly Room, now converted into an eviction room. The five finalists entered the room. Their family members—Afroza Bhat (Farhana's mother), Amritesh Mittal (Tanya's brother), Jyothi Mallik (Amaal's mother), Vanita More (Pranit's mother), and Akanksha Chamola (Gaurav's wife)—stood beside their finalist’s black magnetic board on one side of a table, while the finalists sat opposite on chairs. The family members had to complete their finalist’s puzzle; the incomplete puzzle meant eviction, with the finalist leaving alongside their family member.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Housemate
! Family Member
! Status
|-
| Farhana
| Afroza Bhat
| Completed
|-
| Tanya
| Amritesh Mittal
| Completed
|-
| Amaal
| Jyothi Mallik
| Incomplete
|-
| Pranit
| Vanita More
| Completed
|-
| Gaurav
| Akanksha Chamola
| Completed
|}
Amaal’s puzzle remained incomplete, leading to his eviction. '''Amaal Mallik''' became fourteenth housemate to exit the house who exited with his mother Jyothi, and became 4th Runner-up.

* Dance performances of best friends were featured where Abhishek and Ashnoor performed on Ladki Badi Anjani Hai, Amaal and Shehbaz on Hello Brother, Gaurav and Mridul on Bade Miyan Toh Bade Miyan.

* On Day 107, host Salman Khan welcomed Kartik Aaryan and Ananya Panday on stage. The duo introduced the next eviction round for the top 4 finalists. The finalists—Gaurav, Farhana, Pranit, and Tanya—were sent to the activity area, where a conveyor belt displayed bags labeled with their names. Each finalist picked their bag and opened it to reveal their fate.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! Housemate
! Status
|-
| Pranit
| Safe
|-
| Farhana
| Result Incoming
|-
| Gaurav
| Safe
|-
| Farhana
| Safe
|-
| Tanya
| Eliminated
|}
Tanya's bag contained "Eliminated", leading to her eviction in fourth place. '''Tanya Mittal''' became fifteenth housemate to exit the house and became 3rd Runner-up.

* On Day 107, host Salman Khan paid a heartfelt tribute to the late actor Dharmendra. Salman shared throwback footage of Dharmendra's guest appearances on previous Bigg Boss seasons (15, 16, and 17).

* On Day 107, Salman Khan announced the final elimination round among the top 3 finalists—Gaurav, Farhana, and Pranit. '''Pranit More''' became sixteenth housemate to exit the house and became second runner-up, receiving the fewest votes.

* On Day 107, After Pranit's eviction, Salman Khan announced that voting lines for 10 minutes are opened, allowing the audience to vote for their favorite between the top 2 finalists—Gaurav and Farhana—to decide the ultimate winner.

* On Day 107, host Salman Khan addressed the top 2 finalists—Farhana and Gaurav—in the living area, noting that the final moments of the Bigg Boss 19 finale were approaching, but their time in the house had ended. Bigg Boss reflected that the house, once vibrant because of them, would now return to desolation. The bedroom, where they gossiped daily, would fall silent; the kitchen, where Gaurav finally excelled, would have its stove turned off forever; the rooster would no longer crow; and no wake-up song or Farhana's dances would wake the house at sunrise. The soul of the house—the finalists—was bidding farewell. Outside, Gaurav's thinking chair and Farhana's rebellious garden sits would also end. Bigg Boss highlighted the "opposites attract" theory, calling Fire (Farhana) and Ice (Gaurav) two sides of the same coin: Farhana, evicted in the first week, and Gaurav, who brought her back. Bigg Boss instructed them to exit through the main gate for one last time, turning to see darkness fall on the house. '''Farhana Bhat''' and '''Gaurav Khanna''' became seventeenth and eighteenth housemate to exit the house. They then proceeded to the stage together, joining Salman Khan where he held the hands of the top 2—Gaurav on his right and Farhana on his left—before declaring Gaurav Khanna the winner of Bigg Boss 19. Salman lifted Gaurav's hand in victory, handing him the trophy. Gaurav also won a ₹50 lakh cash prize. As a farewell, Salman announced, "We will meet in the next season—Season 20 soon," teasing the new edition.
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:gold; text-align:center"|Finalists
|-
! style="background:#FF69D4; text-align:center;" | 4th Runner-up
! style="background:#FF69D4; text-align:center;" | Amaal Mallik
|-
! style="background:#DDA0DD; text-align:center;" |3rd Runner-up
! style="background:#DDA0DD; text-align:center;" |Tanya Mittal
|-
! style="background:#7FFFD4; text-align:center;" |2nd Runner-up
! style="background:#7FFFD4; text-align:center;" |Pranit More
|-
! style="background:#D1E8EF; text-align:center;" |1st Runner-up
! style="background:#D1E8EF; text-align:center;" |Farhana Bhat
|-
! style="background:#73FB76; text-align:center;" | Winner
! style="background:#73FB76; text-align:center;" |Gaurav Khanna

|}

==Nominations table==
<div style="overflow-x:scroll;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; font-size:85%; line-height:15px;"
|-
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%; background:#4A0B5E; color:white;" |#BB19
! colspan="4" style="width: 5%;" | Week 1
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 2
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 3
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 4
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 5
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 6
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 7
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 8
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 9
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 10
! colspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 11
! colspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 12
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | {{nowrap|Week 13}}
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 14
! colspan="3" style="background:#FFD700;" | Week 15
|-
! colspan="2" style="width: 5%; background:#4A0B5E; color:white;" | Grand Premiere Day 0
! Day 1
! Day 2
! Day 72
! Day 77
! Day 80
! {{nowrap|Day 81}}
! Day 98
! Day 102
! style="background:#FFD700;" | Grand Finale Day 107
|- style="background:#C2DFFF;" |
! Nominees for House Captain
| colspan="4" rowspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''None''
| Abhishek Ashnoor Kunickaa
| Abhishek Baseer
| colspan="2" | Abhishek Amaal Ashnoor Awez Farhana Mridul Pranit Tanya
| Abhishek Amaal Ashnoor Mridul Neelam Shehbaz Tanya Zeishan
| Farhana Gaurav
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''None''
| Ashnoor Nehal Shehbaz Tanya
| rowspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''None''
| All housemates
| Pranit Shehbaz
| colspan="2" | All housemates
| colspan="2" | Gaurav Shehbaz
| rowspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''None''
| <s>Amaal</s> Ashnoor Farhana Gaurav <s>Malti</s> Pranit <s>Shehbaz Tanya</s>
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''None''
|- style="background:#cfc;"
! House Captain
| <s>'''Kunickaa'''</s>
| '''Baseer'''
| colspan="2" | '''Amaal'''
| '''Abhishek'''
| colspan="2" | '''Farhana'''
| '''Nehal'''
| '''Mridul'''
| <s>'''Pranit'''</s>
| colspan="2" | '''Amaal'''
| colspan="2" | '''Gaurav Shehbaz'''
| '''Gaurav '''
|-
! Captain's Nominations
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Captain Dismissed''
| Nehal (to save)
| <s>Gaurav Pranit (to evict)</s>
| Neelam Zeishan (to save)
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| Ashnoor (to evict)
| Pranit Ashnoor (to evict)
| Farhana (to save)
| Abhishek Ashnoor (to save)
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Captain Exited''
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| colspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
|-
| colspan="24" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! Vote to:
! colspan="2" | Selection
! colspan="3" | Evict
! 19-Min
! Evict
! Save
! Evict
! colspan="3" | Evict
! Evict/Save
! ''none''
! Evict/Save
! Save
! Live Votes
! colspan="2" | ''none''
! Evict
! ''none''
! colspan="2" | ''WIN''
|-
| colspan="24" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! Gaurav
| colspan="2" style="background:#1CAC78;" | ''{{Font colour|white|Selected}}''
| Neelam
| Neelam Tanya
| Tanya
| 20:25 Mins
| <s>Kunickaa Baseer</s>
| Mridul Neelam
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| Tanya Neelam
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| Tanya Malti Neelam
| Nehal (to evict)
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Neelam (to evict) Malti (to save)
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| 24
| colspan="2" style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Malti Tanya Farhana Amaal Shehbaz
| style="background:#cfc;" | ''House Captain''
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| style="background:#73FB76;" | '''''Winner''''' (Day 107)
|-
! rowspan="2" | Farhana
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="background:#1CAC78;" | ''{{Font colour|white|Selected}}''
| rowspan="2" | Neelam
| style="background:#BFF000;" | ''Evicted by Housemates'' (Day 1)
| rowspan="2" | Tanya
| rowspan="2" | 20:48 Mins
| rowspan="2" | <s>Neelam Abhishek</s>
| rowspan="2" | Nehal Gaurav
| rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="background:#cfc;" | ''House Captain''
| rowspan="2" | Shehbaz Neelam Mridul
| rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| rowspan="2" | Abhishek (to evict) Mridul (to save)
| rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| rowspan="2" | 16
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| rowspan="2" | Amaal Gaurav Malti Ashnoor Shehbaz Pranit Tanya
| rowspan="2" style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#D1E8EF;" | '''''1st Runner-up''''' (Day 107)
|-
| style="background:#87CEFA;" | {{nowrap|''Secret Room''}} (Days 1-6)
|-
! Pranit
| colspan="2" style="background:#1CAC78;" | ''{{Font colour|white|Selected}}''
| Farhana
| Tanya Abhishek
| Neelam
| 20:48 Mins
| <s>Baseer Zeishan</s>
| Tanya Farhana
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| Amaal Neelam
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| Malti Neelam Tanya
| Abhishek (to save)
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| style="background:#FCF" | ''Walked'' (Day 70)
| Ashnoor
| 21
| colspan="2" style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Amaal Farhana Tanya Shehbaz
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| style="background:#7FFFD4;" | '''''{{nowrap|2nd Runner-up}}''''' (Day 107)
|-
! Tanya
| colspan="2" style="background:#1CAC78;" | ''{{Font colour|white|Selected}}''
| Natalia
| Gaurav Ashnoor
| Mridul
| 20:25 Mins
| <s>Baseer Nehal</s>
| Neelam Zeishan
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| Nehal Pranit
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| Malti Gaurav Kunickaa
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Ashnoor (to evict) Kunickaa (to save)
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| 18
| colspan="2" style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Shehbaz Ashnoor Amaal Gaurav Malti Farhana Pranit
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| style="background:#DDA0DD;" | '''''{{nowrap|3rd Runner-up}}''''' (Day 107)
|-
! Amaal
| colspan="2" style="background:#1CAC78;" | ''{{Font colour|white|Selected}}''
| Farhana
| Neelam Mridul
| Awez
| 22:59 Mins
| colspan="2" style="background:#cfc;" | ''House Captain''
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| Kunickaa Pranit
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| Abhishek Mridul Gaurav
| Shehbaz (to save)
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Farhana (to evict) Tanya (to save)
| colspan="2" style="background:#cfc;" | ''House Captain''
| colspan="2" style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Gaurav Pranit
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| style="background:#FF69D4;" | '''''{{nowrap|4th Runner-up}}''''' (Day 107)
|-
! Malti
| colspan="10" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not in house''
| style="background:#FBF373;" | Abhishek Tanya Baseer
| Gaurav Mridul Farhana
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Abhishek (to evict) Mridul (to save)
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| 7
| colspan="2" style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Shehbaz Ashnoor Tanya Farhana Gaurav
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| colspan="2" style="background:#FA8072" | ''Evicted'' (Day 102)
|-
! Shehbaz
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| style="background:#FF0000;" | ''{{Font colour|white|Not Selected}}''
| colspan="3" style="background:#FA8072" |''Evicted'' (Day 0)
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Exempt''
| <s>Pranit Abhishek</s>
| Zeishan Kunickaa
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| Abhishek Mridul
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| Abhishek Kunickaa
| Pranit (to evict)
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Ashnoor (to evict) Kunickaa (to save)
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| 28
| colspan=2 style="background:#cfc;" | ''House Captain''
| Ashnoor Farhana Malti Gaurav Tanya Pranit
| colspan="3" style="background:#FA8072" | ''Evicted'' (Day 98)
|-
! Ashnoor
| colspan="2" style="background:#1CAC78;" | ''{{Font colour|white|Selected}}''
| Neelam
| Tanya Neelam
| style="background:#FBF373;" | Amaal
| 23:30 Mins
| <s>Kunickaa Farhana</s>
| Gaurav Tanya
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| Amaal Shehbaz
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| Farhana Neelam
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Saved''
| Mridul (to evict) Abhishek (to save)
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''BTM 3''
| 15
| colspan="2" style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Tanya Farhana Malti Shehbaz Amaal
| colspan="3" style="background:#FFE08B;" | ''Ejected'' (Day 98)
|-
! Kunickaa
| colspan="2" style="background:#1CAC78;" | ''{{Font colour|white|Selected}}''
| Farhana
| Abhishek Zeishan
| Mridul
| 22:59 Mins
| <s>Gaurav Abhishek</s>
| Neelam Shehbaz
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| Zeishan Baseer
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| Neelam Tanya Malti
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Gaurav (to evict) Amaal Shehbaz (to save)
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| 16
| colspan="2" style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| colspan="4" style="background:#FA8072" | ''Evicted'' (Day 91)
|-
! Mridul
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| style="background:#1CAC78;" | ''{{Font colour|white|Selected}}''
| Farhana
| Zeishan Tanya
| Kunickaa
| 14:07 Mins
| <s>Nehal Kunickaa</s>
| Neelam Awez
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| Tanya Zeishan
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| Baseer Malti Farhana
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| style="background:#cfc;" | ''House Captain''
| Farhana (to evict) Tanya (to save)
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| 4
| colspan="6" style="background:#FA8072" | ''Evicted'' (Day 80)
|-
! Abhishek
| colspan="2" style="background:#1CAC78;" | ''{{Font colour|white|Selected}}''
| Neelam
| Pranit Tanya
| Baseer Kunickaa
| 23:30 Mins
| <s>Nehal Shehbaz</s>
| Ashnoor Awez
| style="background:#cfc;" | ''House Captain''
| Neelam Amaal
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| Amaal Shehbaz Baseer
| Baseer (to evict)
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Saved''
| Neelam (to evict) Malti (to save)
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''BTM 3''
| colspan="7" style="background:#FA8072" | ''Evicted'' (Day 77)
|-
! Neelam
| colspan="2" style="background:#1CAC78;" | ''{{Font colour|white|Selected}}''
| Ashnoor
| Gaurav Natalia
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| 23:40 Mins
| <s>Awez Abhishek</s>
| Tanya Kunickaa
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| Abhishek Nehal
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| Gaurav Farhana Pranit
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Gaurav (to evict) Amaal Shehbaz (to save)
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''BTM 3''
| colspan="7" style="background:#FA8072" | ''Evicted'' (Day 77)
|-
! Baseer
| colspan="2" style="background:#1CAC78;" | ''{{Font colour|white|Selected}}''
| Farhana
| Abhishek Neelam
| Tanya
| style="background:#cfc;" | ''House Captain''
| <s>Awez Pranit</s>
| Neelam Zeishan
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| Kunickaa Pranit
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| Mridul Malti
| Gaurav (to evict)
| colspan="10" style="background:#FA8072" | ''Evicted'' (Day 63)
|-
! rowspan="2" | Nehal
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="background:#1CAC78;" | ''{{Font colour|white|Selected}}''
| rowspan="2" | Neelam
| rowspan="2" | Tanya Neelam
| rowspan="2" | Abhishek
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Saved''
| rowspan="2" | <s>Kunickaa Mridul</s>
| rowspan="2" | Farhana Shehbaz
| style="background:#FA8072" | <s>''Evicted'' (Day 28)</s>
| rowspan="2" | Tanya Zeishan
| rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#cfc;" | ''House Captain''
| rowspan="2" | Amaal (to save)
| rowspan="2" colspan="10" style="background:#FA8072" | ''Evicted'' (Day 63)
|-
| style="background:#87CEFA;" | Pranit Mridul Awez Neela Gaurav Ashnoor
|-
! Zeishan
| colspan="2" style="background:#1CAC78;" | ''{{Font colour|white|Selected}}''
| Natalia
| Pranit Kunickaa
| Awez
| 23:40 Mins
| <s>Awez Pranit</s>
| Tanya Shehbaz
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| Kunickaa Nehal
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| colspan="12" style="background:#FA8072" | ''Evicted'' (Day 49)
|-
! Awez
| colspan="2" style="background:#1CAC78;" | ''{{Font colour|white|Selected}}''
| Farhana
| Gaurav Neelam
| Kunickaa
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Disqualified''
| <s>Neelam Zeishan</s>
| Pranit Mridul
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| colspan="14" style="background:#FA8072" | ''Evicted'' (Day 35)
|-
! Nagma
| colspan="2" style="background:#1CAC78;" | ''{{Font colour|white|Selected}}''
| Natalia
| Natalia Neelam
| Amaal
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Disqualified''
| colspan="17" style="background:#FA8072" | ''Evicted'' (Day 21)
|-
! Natalia
| colspan="2" style="background:#1CAC78;" | ''{{Font colour|white|Selected}}''
| Farhana
| Nagma Neelam
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Not eligible''
| 14:07 Mins
| colspan="17" style="background:#FA8072" | ''Evicted'' (Day 21)
|-
| colspan="24" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! Notes
| colspan="2" | [[#endnote 1|1]]
| [[#endnote 2|2]]
| [[#endnote 3|3]], [[#endnote 4|4]]
| [[#endnote 5|5]], [[#endnote 6|6]], [[#endnote 7|7]]
| [[#endnote 8|8]]
| [[#endnote 9|9]]
| [[#endnote 10|10]]
| [[#endnote 11|11]]
| [[#endnote 12|12]]
| [[#endnote 13|13]]
| [[#endnote 14|14]]
| [[#endnote 15|15]]
| [[#endnote 16|16]]
| [[#endnote 17|17]]
| [[#endnote 18|18]]
| [[#endnote 19|19]]
| colspan="2" | [[#endnote 20|20]]
| [[#endnote 21|21]], [[#endnote 22|22]]
| [[#endnote 23|23]]
| colspan="2" | [[#endnote 24|24]]
|- style="background:#B2FFFF;"
! Against Public Vote
| colspan="2" | Mridul Shehbaz
| All housemates
| Abhishek Gaurav Natalia Neelam Pranit Tanya Zeishan
| Amaal Awez Kunickaa Mridul Tanya
| Awez Mridul Nagma Natalia
| colspan="2" | Abhishek Ashnoor Baseer Nehal Pranit
| Ashnoor Awez Gaurav Mridul Neelam Pranit
| Amaal Ashnoor Kunickaa Neelam Nehal Pranit Tanya Zeishan
| Ashnoor Baseer Mridul Neelam Pranit Zeishan
| Gaurav Malti Mridul Neelam
| Baseer Gaurav Nehal Pranit
| Amaal Farhana Gaurav Kunickaa Malti Neelam Pranit Shehbaz Tanya
| Abhishek Ashnoor Farhana Gaurav Neelam
| Abhishek Ashnoor Neelam
| Ashnoor Farhana Gaurav Kunickaa Malti Mridul Pranit Shehbaz Tanya
| colspan="2" | Amaal Ashnoor Farhana Gaurav Kunickaa Malti Pranit Tanya
| Amaal Ashnoor Farhana <s>Gaurav</s> Malti Pranit Shehbaz Tanya
| Amaal Farhana Malti Pranit Tanya
| colspan="2" | '''Amaal Farhana Gaurav Pranit Tanya'''
|- style="background:#DAFF99;"
! Re-entered
| colspan="3" rowspan="4" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''None''
| '''Farhana'''
| rowspan="4" colspan="4" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''None''
| '''Nehal'''
| colspan="4" rowspan="4" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''None''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''None''
| colspan="2" | '''Pranit'''
| rowspan="4" colspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''None''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''None''
| rowspan="4" colspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''None''
|-style="background:#87CEFA;"
! Secret Room
| '''Farhana'''
| '''Nehal'''
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''None''
|-style="background:#fcf;"
! Walked
| rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''None''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''None''
| '''Pranit'''
|-style="background:#FFE08B;" |
! Ejected
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''None''
| '''Ashnoor'''
|- style="background:#FA8072;" |
! rowspan="3" | Evicted
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |'''Shehbaz'''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#BFF000;" | '''<s>Farhana</s>'''
| rowspan="3" colspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''No Eviction''
| rowspan="2" |'''Natalia'''
| rowspan="3" colspan="2" | '''<s>Nehal</s>'''
| rowspan="3" | '''Awez'''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''No Eviction''
| rowspan="3" |'''Zeishan'''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''No Eviction''
| rowspan="2" | '''Nehal'''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''No Eviction''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | '''Neelam'''
| rowspan="3" | '''Mridul'''
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" | '''Kunickaa'''
| rowspan="3" | '''Shehbaz'''
| rowspan="3" | '''Malti'''
| colspan="2" style="background:#FF69B4;" | '''Amaal'''
|-
| style="background:#DDA0DD;" | '''Tanya'''
| style="background:#7FFFD4;" | '''Pranit'''
|-
| style="background:#FA8072;" |'''Nagma'''
| style="background:#FA8072;" |'''Baseer'''
| colspan="2" style="background:#FA8072;" |'''Abhishek'''
| style="background:#D1E8EF;" | '''Farhana'''
| style="background:#73FB76;" | '''Gaurav'''
|-
! References
| colspan="2" | <ref name="TimesIndiaFans"/><ref name="ABPPremiere"/>
| <ref name="TimesNowEp2"/><ref name="OTTplayEp2"/>
| <ref name="Week1Nomination">{{Cite web|title="Bigg Boss 19 Nominations: Gaurav Khanna to Abhishek Bajaj, 7 contestants named, first evicted member Farhana Bhatt plays big hand" | work=PINKVILLA| date=27 August 2025|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/bigg-boss-19-nominations-gaurav-khanna-to-abhishek-bajaj-7-contestants-named-first-evicted-member-farrhana-bhatt-plays-big-hand-1396142}}</ref>
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</div>
: {{Color box|#cfc|border=black}} indicates the House Captain.
: {{Color box|#959FFD|border=black}} indicates that the housemate was directly nominated for eviction prior to the regular nominations process.
: {{Color box|#FBF373|border=black}} indicates that the housemate was granted immunity from nominations.
: {{Color box|#fa8072|border=black}} indicates that housemate was evicted from the house.
: {{Color box|#FFE08B|border=black}} indicates that housemate was ejected from the house.
: {{Color box|#FCF|border=black}} indicates that housemate walked out of the house.
: {{Color box|#BFFF00|border=black}} indicates that housemate was evicted by other housemates' votes.
: {{Color box|#87CEFA}} indicates that the housemate was in the secret room.
: {{Color box|#73FB76}} indicates the winner.
: {{Color box|#D1E8EF}} indicates the first runner up.
: {{Color box|#7FFFD4}} indicates the second runner up.
: {{Color box|#DDA0DD}} indicates the third runner up.
: {{Color box|#FF69B4}} indicates the fourth runner up.

===Nomination notes===
* {{note|1|1}}: The ''Fans Ka Faisla'' voting, launched on 14 August 2025, allowed viewers to choose one housemate via the JioHotstar app until 21 August 2025, 23:59 IST. Mridul Tiwari won over Shehbaz Badesha, entering the house, as announced during the grand premiere.
* {{note|2|2}}: On Day 1, Bigg Boss tasked housemates to vote in the Assembly Room to evict one contestant. Farhana received the most votes but was moved to a secret room to observe the house, not fully evicted.
* {{note|3|3}}: On Day 2, Bigg Boss tasked housemates to vote in the Assembly Room to nominate two housmeates.
* {{note|4|4}}: On Day 6, Bigg Boss introduced the App Room, granting access to the housemate trending most on JioHotstar's 24x7 public chat. Farhana, in the secret room, chose Gaurav to access the room, with her re-entry dependent on his choice between two apps: “Re-entry: Farhana Returns” or “Half Ration, Half Plates.” Gaurav chose “Re-entry,” allowing Farhana to return to the main house.
* {{note|5|5}}: On Day 9, Kunickaa was dismissed as captain after housemates voted against her. Housemates declined her immunity, making her eligible for nominations, and granted Ashnoor immunity.
* {{note|6|6}}: On Day 9, Bigg Boss introduced the “Room of Faith” nomination task. Housemates participated in trios, with three in red triangles at risk of nomination and three in green triangles deciding which one would be nominated. One housemate was nominated per round, with green triangle housemates able to participate multiple times.
* {{note|7|7}}: On Day 14, Kunickaa and Mridul accessed the App Room. Kunickaa chose “Suraksha Kawach Block Eviction,” saving her from eviction despite receiving the least votes. Mridul also chose “Suraksha Kawach Block Eviction.” No eviction occurred.
* {{note|8|8}}: On Day 16, house captain Baseer saved Nehal from nominations, while Shehbaz was exempted from nominations as it was his first week. Later, a nomination task paired housemates (one male, one female) to count 19 minutes. Awez and Nagma were disqualified and nominated after Abhishek blocked the Activity Area during their turn.
* {{note|9|9}}: On Day 24, housemates nominated two others in the Assembly Room without reasons. Bigg Boss revealed a rule violation involving nomination discussions, risking full nomination for all except Captain Amaal. A twist allowed housemates to name two others to save in the confession room. Amaal, involved in the violation, had no special power.
* {{note|10|10}}: On Day 28, Nehal received the least votes by audience due to which she got evicted but was moved to a secret room to observe the house, not fully evicted.
* {{note|11|11}}: On Day 30, a team-based nomination task was held between Team Pranit (Pranit, Mridul, Awez, Neelam, Gaurav, Ashnoor) and Team Shehbaz (Shehbaz, Kunickaa, Tanya, Farhana, Zeishan, Amaal, Baseer) judged by Nehal from the secret room.
* {{note|12|12}}: On Day 37, each housemate had to nominate two housemates while Captain Farhana got a special power to directly nominate one housemate for eviction.
* {{note|13|13}}: On Day 44, a team-based nomination task was held between Family 1 (Amaal, Shehbaz, Tanya, Abhishek, Kunickaa, Nehal, Gaurav) and Family 2 (Neelam, Zeishan, Ashnoor, Pranit, Baseer, Mridul) where captain Farhana and latest entrant Malti had rights to nominate any family members in second, fourth and first, third, fifth rounds respectively. As at the end of five rounds, whichever family members were most nominated would get nominated while other will be safe.
* {{note|14|14}}: On Day 50, housemates had to nominate minimum one to maximum three while captain Nehal got the power to save one housemate among nominated.
* {{note|15|15}}: On Day 59, nominations were carried out in chain reaction where housemate had option to either save or nominate whereas whichever housemate they save or nominate will have next opportunity.
* {{note|16|16}}: On Day 64, Bigg Boss proposed sole nomination of Abhishek and Ashnoor for violating rules, but housemates tied on the decision. Captain Mridul ruled against it, resulting in all other housemates being nominated.
* {{note|17|17}}: On Day 72, Housemates had to nominate in pairs or trio where they were given choices among which one would get nominated while other getting safe.
* {{note|18|18}}: On Day 77, Pranit who was absent during nomination process as a captain was given a right to save one housemate among bottom three.
* {{note|19|19}}: On Day 80, Live audience voted for housemates except Amaal where least voted housemate would be evicted.
* {{note|20|20}}: On Day 81, Two options were provided to Gaurav in App Room in which he chose one option which had its consequences, due to which all housemates except him got nominated. Later, due to allegations of bias from some housemates, Bigg Boss allowed a vote in the Assembly Room to select the captain. Housemates voted for Shehbaz, overthrowing Gaurav and making Shehbaz captain. However, the consequences remained: only Gaurav replaces Shehbaz in nominations whereas Shehbaz gets safe.
* {{note|21|21}}: On Day 93, Housemates can nominate any number of housemates they want with no limit and no cap.
* {{note|22|22}}: On Day 95, Gaurav won ticket to finale and became house captain due to which he got saved from nominations and voting lines were closed for him.
* {{note|23|23}}: On Day 98, host Salman Khan announced on Weekend Ka Vaar after Shehbaz's eviction that remaining housemates except Captain Gaurav are nominated.
* {{note|24|24}}: On Day 102, Bigg Boss nominated five finalists for winning the season.

==Guest appearances==
{{More citations needed section|date=October 2025}}
{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0;font-size:85%; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; width:100%;"
|+
| style="background:#4A0B5E; color:white" | '''Week(s)'''
| style="background:#4A0B5E; color:white" | '''Day(s)'''
| style="background:#4A0B5E; color:white" | '''Guest(s)'''
| style="background:#4A0B5E; color:white" | '''Notes'''
| style="background:#4A0B5E; color:white" | '''Ref.'''
|-
| style="background:#4A0B5E" |'''{{Font color|white|Grand Premiere}}'''
| Day 0
| [[Pawan Singh]]
| Introduced [[Neelam Giri (actress)|Neelam Giri]] via video.
| <ref name="ABPPremiere"/>
|-
| Week 1
| Day 7
| [[Tiger Shroff]], [[Sonam Bajwa]] and [[Harnaaz Sandhu]]
| Promoted their movie ''[[Baaghi 4]]''.
| <ref name="BollywoodHungamaBaaghi">{{Cite web |title=Photos: Tiger Shroff, Sonam Bajwa and Harnaaz Sandhu snapped promoting Baaghi 4 on the sets of Bigg Boss 19 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/photos-tiger-shroff-sonam-bajwa-harnaaz-sandhu-snapped-promoting-baaghi-4-sets-bigg-boss-19/ |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=2025-08-29 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | Week 2
| rowspan="3" | Day 14
| Ayaan Lall
| Supported his mother [[Kunika|Kunickaa Sadanand]]
| <ref name="IndiaForumsAyaan">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19: Kunickaa Sadanand's son, Ayaan Lall, to make an appearance on Weekend Ka Vaar |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/bigg-boss-19-kunickaa-sadanands-son-ayaan-lall-to-make-an-appearance-on-weekend-ka-vaar_226826 |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=India Forums |date=2025-09-05 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Munawar Faruqui]], Aditya Kulshreshth and Sahiba Bali
| Interacted with housemates
| <ref name="IndiaForumsMunawar">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19 Weekend Ka Vaar: Munawar Faruqui and Aaditya Kulshreshth to make an appearance |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/bigg-boss-19-weekend-ka-vaar-munawar-faruqui-and-aaditya-kulshreshth-to-make-an-appearance-on-weekend-ka-vaar_226790 |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=India Forums |date=2025-09-05 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Shehnaaz Gill]]
| Introduced her brother Shehbaz Badesha.
| <ref name="TimesNowShehnaaz">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19: Shehnaaz Gill reveals brother Shehbaz Badesha was hospitalised due to dengue after premiere episode; he enters as a wildcard contestant |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-19-shehnaaz-gill-reveals-brother-shehbaz-badesha-was-hospitalised-due-to-dengue-after-premiere-episode-he-enters-as-a-wildcard-contestant/articleshow/123749883.cms |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=Times of India |date=2025-09-07 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | Week 3
| rowspan="3" | Day 21
| [[Farah Khan]]
| Hosted Weekend Ka Vaar in absence of [[Salman Khan]]
| <ref> {{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19: Not Arshad Warsi but Farah Khan replaces Salman Khan for WKW shoot. |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/bigg-boss-19-not-arshad-warsi-but-farah-khan-replaces-salman-khan-for-wkw-shoot_227027 |access-date=2025-09-12 |website=India Forums |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Akshay Kumar]] and [[Arshad Warsi]]
| rowspan="2" | Promoted their movie ''[[Jolly LLB 3]]''
| rowspan="2" | <ref> {{Cite web |title=Akshay Kumar and Arshad Warsi snapped promoting 'Jolly LLB 3' on the sets Big Boss 19 |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/gallery/akshay-kumar-and-arshad-warsi-snapped-promoting-jolly-llb-3-on-the-sets-big-boss-19_22073 |access-date=2025-09-12 |website=India Forums |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Saurabh Shukla]]
|-
| rowspan="3" | Week 4
| rowspan="3" | Day 28
| [[Kajol]] and [[Jisshu Sengupta]]
| Promoted their TV series [[The Trial (Indian TV series)|''The Trial'']]
| <ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-09-19 |title=Bigg Boss 19: Kajol and Jisshu Sengupta to join Salman Khan on 'Weekend Ka Vaar' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-19-kajol-and-jisshu-sengupta-to-join-salman-khan-on-weekend-ka-vaar/articleshow/123996528.cms |access-date=2025-09-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| Sanchi Bhoyar, Radhika Muthukumar and [[Krushal Ahuja]]
| Promoted their TV serial ''[[Binddii]]''
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss Season 19: Radhika Muthukumar - Kushal Ahuja and the team Bindi to light up Weekend Ka Vaar alongside Salman Khan – Breaking |url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/bigg-boss-season-19-radhika-muthukumar-kushal-ahuja-and-the-team-bindi-light-weekend-ka |access-date=2025-09-20 |website=www.tellychakkar.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Urfi Javed|Uorfi Javed]]
| Interacted with housemates.
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-21 |title=Bigg Boss 19: Urfi Javed Adds Spice To WKV With Special Task; Amaal Mallik Leaves Tanya Mittal Blushing |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/bigg-boss-19-urfi-javed-adds-spice-to-weekend-ka-vaar-with-special-task-amaal-mallik-leaves-tanya-mittal-blushing-article-152865905 |access-date=2025-09-21 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | Week 5
| rowspan="3" | Day 35
| [[Gauahar Khan]]
| Supported her brother-in-law Awez Darbar
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19: Gauahar Khan to appear on Weekend Ka Vaar |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/bigg-boss-19-gauahar-khan-to-appear-on-weekend-ka-vaar_227575 |access-date=2025-09-26 |website=India Forums |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Varun Dhawan]], [[Janhvi Kapoor]], [[Rohit Saraf]], [[Sanya Malhotra]] and [[Maniesh Paul]]
| Promoted their movie ''[[Sunny Sanskari Ki Tulsi Kumari]]''.
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-23 |title=Varun Dhawan Confirms Sunny Sanskari Ki Tulsi Kumari Team Will Grace Bigg Boss 19 Weekend Ka Vaar Before Release |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/varun-dhawan-confirms-sunny-sanskari-ki-tulsi-kumari-team-will-grace-bigg-boss-19-weekend-ka-vaar-before-release-article-152878974 |access-date=2025-09-26 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| Abhishek Malhan and Harsh Gujral
| Promoted their shows ''Game of Glory'' and ''India's Biggest Foodie'' respectively and roasted the housemates.
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19: Abhishek Malhan, Harsh Gujral to make an appearance on Weekend Ka Vaar |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/bigg-boss-19-abhishek-malhan-harsh-gujral-to-make-an-appearance-on-weekend-ka-vaar_227582 |access-date=2025-09-26 |website=India Forums |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | Week 6
| rowspan="2" | Day 42
| [[Deepak Chahar]]
| Introduced his sister Malti Chahar
| <ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-10-03 |title=Bigg Boss 19: Elvish Yadav to join host Salman Khan on Weekend Ka Vaar; fans react |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-19-elvish-yadav-to-join-host-salman-khan-on-weekend-ka-vaar-fans-react/articleshow/124283366.cms |access-date=2025-10-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| [[Elvish Yadav]]
| Interacted with housemates
| <ref name="TimesOfIndiaElvish">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19: Salman Khan takes a dig at Elvish Yadav's snake venom controversy, says 'vish se to aapka purana naata hai' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-19-salman-khan-takes-a-dig-at-elvish-yadavs-snake-venom-controversy-says-vish-se-to-aapka-purana-naata-hai/articleshow/124324311.cms |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=Times of India |date=2025-10-05 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | Week 7
| rowspan="2" | Day 49
| [[Jamie Lever]]
| Entertained the housemates
| <ref name="HindustanTimesJamie">{{Cite web |title=Jamie Lever mimics Farah Khan to roast Bigg Boss 19 contestants; amused Salman Khan calls her 'better than Johnny Lever' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/jamie-lever-mimics-farah-khan-to-roast-bigg-boss-19-contestants-amused-salman-khan-calls-her-better-than-johnny-lever-101760265186316.html |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=Hindustan Times |date=2025-10-12 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| Ravi Gupta
| Roasted the housemates
| <ref name="IndiaRavi">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19: Comedian Ravi Gupta makes Salman Khan laugh with his comic timing, leaves contestants speechless, Watch Promo |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-19-comedian-ravi-gupta-makes-salman-khan-laugh-with-his-comic-timing-leaves-contestants-speechless-watch-promo-8128073/ |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=India.com |date=2025-10-12 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" |Week 8
| rowspan="6" |Day 55
| [[Daboo Malik]]
| Supported his son [[Amaal Mallik]]
| <ref name="TimesOfIndiaDaboo">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19: Amaal Mallik's father Daboo Malik appears on WKV and says 'he's proud of his son'; host Salman Khan asks 'Are you really proud?' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-19-amaal-malliks-father-daboo-malik-appears-on-wkv-and-says-hes-proud-of-his-son-host-salman-khan-asks-are-you-really-proud/articleshow/124681907.cms |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=Times of India |date=2025-10-18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| Rizwan Sajan and Adel Sajan
| Promoted ''Danube Properties''
| <ref name="TimesOfIndiaSunita"></ref>
|-
| Sunita Ahuja
| Interacted with housemates
| <ref name="TimesOfIndiaSunita">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19: Govinda's wife Sunita Ahuja asks Salman Khan if there is a way to improve..., host gives a SHOCKING reply |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-19-govindas-wife-sunita-ahuja-asks-salman-khan-if-there-is-a-way-to-improve-host-gives-a-shocking-reply/articleshow/124681907.cms |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=Times of India |date=2025-10-18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Jasmine Sandlas]]
| Promoted her album ''Legal Robbery''
| <ref name="IndiaForumsJasmine">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19: Singers Shaan and Jasmine Sandlas to make an appearance on Weekend Ka Vaar |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/bigg-boss-19-singers-shaan-and-jasmine-sandlas-to-make-an-appearance-on-weekend-ka-vaar_228291 |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=India Forums |date=2025-10-16 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]
| Promoted his song ''Tum Jo Kaho Toh''
| <ref name="IndiaForumsJasmine"></ref>
|-
| [[Ayushmann Khurrana]], [[Rashmika Mandanna]] and [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]]
| Promoted their movie ''[[Thamma]]''
| <ref name="TimesOfIndiaAyushmann">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19: Ayushmann Khurrana recalls starting his television career with Gaurav Khanna; praises Abhishek Bajaj's journey journey |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-19-ayushmann-khurrana-recalls-starting-his-television-career-with-gaurav-khanna-praises-abhishek-bajajs-journey/articleshow/124691815.cms |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=Times of India |date=2025-10-19 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | Week 9
| Day 56
| [[Altaf Raja]]
| Performed his concert to celebrate ''Diwali''
| <ref name="News18AltafRaja">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19 Diwali Special: Altaf Raja Entertains Housemates With Surprise Performance |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/television/bigg-boss-19-diwali-special-altaf-raja-entertains-housemates-with-surprise-performance-aa-ws-l-9648416.html |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=News18 |date=2025-10-20 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |Day 63
| [[Mika Singh]]
| Promoted his song ''Gunda''
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mika Singh to bring his 'Gunda' energy to Bigg Boss 19 Weekend Ka Vaar with Salman Khan |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/mika-singh-to-bring-his-gunda-energy-to-bigg-boss-19-weekend-ka-vaar-with-salman-khan_228509 |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=India Forums |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Sonakshi Sinha]]
| Promoted her movie ''Jatadhara''
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sonakshi Sinha to appear on Bigg Boss 19's Weekend Ka Vaar |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/sonakshi-sinha-to-appear-on-bigg-boss-19s-weekend-ka-vaar_228492 |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=India Forums |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | Week 10
| rowspan="3" | Day 70
| [[Tony Kakkar]] and [[Neha Kakkar]]
| Promoted their song ''Coca Cola 2''
|
|-
| [[Shehnaaz Gill]]
| Promoted her movie ''Ikk Kudi''
|
|-
| [[Ekta Kapoor]] and Priyanka Chahar Choudhary
| Promoted their serial ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 7]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | Week 11
| rowspan="3" | Day 77
| [[Anjum Chopra]] and [[Jhulan Goswami]]
| Celebrated India Women's ''[[2025 Women's Cricket World Cup]]'' Victory.
|
|-
| Ghazal Alagh
| Promoted her brand ''Mamaearth''
|
|-
| [[Ajay Devgn]], [[R. Madhavan]], [[Rakul Preet Singh]] and [[Meezaan Jafri]]
| Promoted their movie ''[[De De Pyaar De 2]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | Week 12
| rowspan="2" | Day 84
| [[Rohit Shetty]]
| Hosted Weekend Ka Vaar in absence of [[Salman Khan]]
|
|-
| Jai Madaan
| Promoted her show ''Astroverse with Jai Madaan'' and interacted with housemates.
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | Week 13
| rowspan="3" | Day 91
| [[Ravi Dubey|Ravie Dubey]], [[Sargun Mehta]], Syed Raza Ahmed and Jasmeet Kaur
| Promoted their TV serial ''[[Tu Juliet Jatt Di]]''
|
|-
| [[Ekta Kapoor]] and Harshvardhan Shukla
| Promoted their app ''Balaji Astro Guide''
|
|-
| [[Vijay Varma]], [[Fatima Sana Shaikh]] and [[Manish Malhotra]]
| Promoted their movie ''[[Gustaakh Ishq]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | Week 14
| rowspan="4" | Day 98
| [[Mahhi Vij|Mahhi Vinod Vij]], Rishita Kothari and [[Parth Samthaan]]
| Promoted their TV serial ''[[Seher – Hone Ko Hai]]''.
|
|-
| [[Madhuri Dixit]]
| Promoted her series ''Mrs. Deshpande''.
|
|-
| Ashish Chanchlani
| Promoted his series ''Ekaki'' and interacted with housemates.
|
|-
| [[Riteish Deshmukh]]
| Promoted upcoming season 6 of ''[[Bigg Boss Marathi]]'' and announced as host of season.
|
|-
| Week 15
| Day 101
| Gurleen Pannu, Sumaira Shaikh and Aditya Kulshreshth
| Performed in BB19 Open Mic
|
|-
| rowspan="3" style="background:#FFD700;" | '''Grand Finale'''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#FFD700;" | Day 107
| [[Pawan Singh]]
| Interacted with housemates
|
|-
| [[Karan Kundrra]] and [[Sunny Leone]]
| Promoted upcoming season 16 of ''[[MTV Splitsvilla]]'' and announced as hosts of season.
|
|-
| [[Kartik Aaryan]] and [[Ananya Panday]]
| Promoted their movie ''[[Tu Meri Main Tera Main Tera Tu Meri]]''
|
|}

==Reception==
The ''Bigg Boss 19'' grand premiere on 24 August 2025 received positive feedback for its high-energy launch, Salman Khan's hosting, and diverse contestant lineup, as reported by ''Zee News'' and ''Times of India''.<ref name="TimesPremiere" /> The “Gharwalon Ki Sarkaar” theme, enabling housemate decision-making, and the digital-first streaming on JioHotstar at 21:00 IST were highlighted as innovative.<ref name="ZeeNewsPremiere"/> Media outlets noted Khan's witty banter, the vibrant house design with a lion statue and “rangbhoomi” outdoor area, and performances like Ashnoor Kaur's dance and Amaal Mallik's soulful rendition.<ref name="NDTVPremiere">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19 Grand Premiere: Gaurav Khanna, Amaal Mallik To Awez Darbar - A Look At All Contestants |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-19-grand-premiere-gaurav-khanna-amaal-malik-to-awez-darbar-a-look-at-all-contestants-9151228 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=NDTV |language=en}}</ref><ref name="OTTPlayPremiere">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19 Grand Premiere highlights: Salman Khan's heroic entry to expressing concern for Amaal Malik – All that happened on the latest season's opening night |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/bigg-boss-19-grand-premiere-highlights-salman-khans-heroic-entry-to-expressing-concern-for-amaal-malik-all-that-happened-on-the-latest-seasons-opening-night/774b37df0824 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=OTTplay |language=en}}</ref> This season was being one of the best seasons with TVR of 2.2 in finale week and the grand finale day archived the TVR of 3.2 confirmed by [[Endemol Shine India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/DSaQw3ECBqK/ |access-date=2025-12-21 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=TRP Week 49: Bigg Boss 19 Tops The Chart, Laughter Chefs Season 3 Sees Growth In Popularity While Other Shows Hold Steady |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/trp-week-49-bigg-boss-19-tops-the-chart-laughter-chefs-season-3-sees-growth-in-popularity-while-other-shows-hold-steady |access-date=2025-12-21 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref><ref name="HerZindagiPremiere">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19: Highlights, Contestants and New Rules From the Grand Premiere |url=https://www.herzindagi.com/tv-ott/bigg-boss-19-kicks-off-highlights-from-the-grand-premiere-you-cannot-miss-article-1039259 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=HerZindagi |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://jiohotstar.com/1971002586 ''Bigg Boss 19''] on [[Disney+ Hotstar|JioHotstar]]

{{Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series)}}
{{Colors Programmes}}
{{Subject bar
|commons = yes
|d = yes
|portal1 = India
|portal2 = Television
}}

[[Category:Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) seasons|19]]
[[Category:2025 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:Colors TV original programming]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian reality television series]]

Lunsing Teron

2026-05-07T07:17:04Z

DexterEdmonson0: creating a pg

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Lunsing Teron
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| office = Member of the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 4 May 2026
| term_end =
| 1blankname =
| 1namedata =
| 2blankname =
| 2namedata =
| constituency = [[Howraghat Assembly constituency|Howraghat]]
| predecessor = [[Dorsing Ronghang]]
| birth_place = [[Assam]], [[India]]
| birth_date =
| spouse =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| other_party =
| alma_mater =
| profession = Politician
| education =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Lunsing Teron'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Lunsing Teron(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- HOWRAGHAT (ST)(KARBI ANGLONG) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Assam2026/candidate.php?candidate_id=489 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Assam]], [[India]]. He is a member of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Lunsing Teron |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/assam/assembly-election-candidates-list-2026/lunsing-teron-03109-1 |publisher=ndtv.com}}</ref> In [[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election]] he defeated Sanjeeb Teron of [[Indian National Congress]] by the margin of 78,106 votes and elected as MLA from [[Howraghat Assembly constituency|Howraghat]].<ref>{{cite web |title=General Election to Assembly Constituencies: Trends & Results May-2026 Assembly Constituency 109 - HOWRAGHAT (Assam) |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2026/candidateswise-S03109.htm |publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Howraghat election results 2026: BJP's Lunsing Teron wins against Congress's Sanjeeb Teron |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/howraghat-election-results-2026-bjps-lunsing-teron-vs-congresss-sanjeeb-teron/articleshow/130638246.cms |work=The Times of India |date=4 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Howraghat Election Result 2026 Highlights: BJP Retains Howraghat Seat as Lunsing Teron Wins with 106229 Votes |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/elections/assembly/story/howraghat-election-result-2026-live-updates-assam-counting-of-votes-seat-bjp-congress-nda-aaelb-1386269-2026-05-04 |work=India Today NE |date=4 May 2026 |language=en}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Teron, Lunsing}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:People from Karbi Anglong district]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Assam]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 2026–2031]]

Hamrahi (1945 film)

2026-05-01T13:31:11Z

DexterEdmonson0: Created initial details w/ infobox...

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Hamrahi
| image = Hamrahi (1945 film).jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Bimal Roy]]
| producer = [[New Theatres]], [[Calcutta]]
| writer = {{ubl|Jyotirmoy Roy|Mohanlal Bajpai (dial in Hindi)}}
| narrator =
| starring = {{ubl|Radhamohan Bhattacharya|Binota Bose|[[Devi Mukherjee]]|Rekha Mitra}}
| music = [[R. C. Boral]]
| cinematography = Bimal Roy
| editing =
| studio = New Theatres, Calcutta
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1945}}
| runtime = 121 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Hamrahi''''' ({{Translation|Companion/Partner}}), is a [[List of Bollywood films of 1945|1945]] [[Hindi]] social drama film of [[Cinema of India|Indian Cinema]].<ref name=IndiaVideo>{{cite web|last1=Chandra, Balakrishnan|first1=Pali, Vijay kumar|title=100 Years Of Bollywood-Humrahi (1945)|url=http://www.indiavideo.org/cinema/humrahi-hindi-film-7583.php|website=indiavideo.org|publisher=Invis Multimedia Pvt. Ltd.|accessdate=6 December 2016}}</ref> The film was a bilingual, and was a remake of its popular Bengali version called ''[[Udayer Pathey]]'' (1944).<ref name="Kabir2012">{{cite book|author=Nasreen Munni Kabir|title=The Dialogue of Devdas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7-1BCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA14|accessdate=5 December 2016|year=2012|publisher=Om Books International|isbn=978-93-80069-88-3|pages=14–}}</ref> [[Bimal Roy]], after working as a cinematographer with [[New Theatres]], [[Calcutta]], launched into feature film direction. ''Udayer Pathey'' was Roy's debut film as a director in [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali films]], while ''Hamrahi'' was his first directorial venture in [[Hindi cinema]].<ref name="Ganti2004">{{cite book|author=Tejaswini Ganti|title=Bollywood: A Guidebook to Popular Hindi Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DIVlw5AzQTgC&pg=PA96|accessdate=6 December 2016|year=2004|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-28853-8|pages=96–}}</ref> The original story and dialogues for Bengali version were written by Jyotirmoy Roy, with the dialogues in Hindi written by Mohanlal Bajpai. Produced by New Theatres, Calcutta, the cinematographer was Bimal Roy.<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014">{{cite book|author1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha|author2=Paul Willemen|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLkABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA302|accessdate=6 December 2016|date=10 July 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-94318-9|pages=302–}}</ref> The music direction was by [[Raichand Boral]] and the lyrics were by Zakir Husain. The film included Rabindranath Tagore's song, "[[Jana Gana Mana]]", even before it became the [[national anthem]] of India.<ref name=IndiaVideo />

The story was similar in theme to those used frequently for screen, highlighting the disparity between the rich and poor. Radhamohan Bhattacharya as Anup, an idealistic man from the poor ranks of society takes on the exploiting capitalist group represented by Rajendra. Binota Roy plays the role of Gopa, Anup's love interest and companion, who belongs to a wealthy family.

==Plot==
Anup (Radhamohan) lives with his mother and sister, Sumitra (Rekha Mitra/Mallick). He writes at a newspaper office to make a living. Sumitra is friends with a rich girl, Gopa (Binota Bose/Roy). Gopa is celebrating her birthday and invites Sumitra to the party. Gopa's sister-in-law Roopa, who alleges that Sumitra is a thief, humiliates Sumitra. Gopa repulsed at Roopa's blatant arrogance and show of wealth goes to Sumitra's house to apologise. She meets Anup there who refuses to accept her apology, equating the insult to all poor people.

Anup's boss sends him to Rajendra's office for some writing work. Rajendra is Gopa's brother and Roopa's husband. He needs a speech and commissions Anup to write it for him. The speech is well received at the function Rajendra attends, and he develops pretensions of being a writer. Rajendra manages to steal the manuscript of a novel Anup is working on, which has an idealistic theme on poverty. He has it published with his name as the author, getting critical acclaim for his intellectual abilities.

Rajendra's company workers go on a strike, dissatisfied with the pay and conditions of the factory. Anup and Gopa get involved in the factory workers' problem and join them in their agitation. Rajendra with the help of bribed workers and local goons disrupts the strike. Disillusioned by wealth and hypocrisy, Gopa sympathises with the workers. She leaves her home and comfort behind and joins Anup.

==Cast==
* Radhamohan Bhattacharya as Anup
* Binota Roy as Gopa
* [[Devi Mukherjee]] as Sourin
* Rekha Mallick as Sumitra
* [[Tulsi Chakraborty]]
* Rajlashmi Devi
* Devbala

==Review and reception==
{{over-quotation|section|date=March 2020}}
[[Baburao Patel]], editor of ''[[Filmindia]]'' called it "a picture for intellectuals" that fulfilled "the higher purpose for which the screen is intended". In his review in the October 1945 issue of ''Filmindia'', Patel wrote that though it was not the best picture from New Theatres, it was one of the best in recent times (circa 1940s). Bimal Roy, an unknown director at the time, was lauded for using a new cast of characters for the film, who managed to leave "vivid impressions". Patel singled out the lead characters for their performances stating, "Radhamohan's stoic restraint, his unintrusive culture and his spiritual identification with the role that he plays, give his portrayal the requisite dramatic intensity needed for the theme. Radhamohan has given a remarkable performance", while "Binota is an artiste of very high calibre. All the while, she knows what she is doing and she acquits herself with suitable dignity and poise through numerous situations". The film was praised for its dialogues, "The most brilliant feature of the picture is its dialogue". Roy's direction was hailed as "The direction of Bimal Roy is an excellent beginning to his new profession". Patel continued with his positive critique by stating, "There is no pseudo-Russian technique about it nor any Hollywood glamour shots. And yet, not a single shot was badly taken throughout the picture". His negative comments about the film were that "it dragged in the first three reels", and that though ""Hamrahi" propagates its theme beautifully", it did so by focusing on just a handful of people to highlight the poor-rich situation thus losing "its universal appeal".<ref name="Review">{{cite journal|last1=Patel|first1=Baburao|title=Our Review-Hamrahi|journal=Filmindia|date=October 1945|volume=11|issue=10|pages=51|url=https://archive.org/stream/filmindia194511unse#page/n199/mode/2up/search/bimal+roy|accessdate=6 December 2016}}</ref>

According to authors Vasudev and Lenglet, in their book "Indian Cinema Superbazaar", ''Hamrahi'' was "Technically, innovative and thematically bold, with the film giving every indication of the mark its maker was to leave on the Indian Cinema".<ref name="VasudevLenglet1983">{{cite book|author1=Aruna A. Vasudev|author2=Philippe Lenglet|title=Indian Cinema Superbazaar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8CzQAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=6 December 2016|year=1983|publisher=Vikas|isbn=978-0-7069-2226-4|page=23}}</ref>

''Hamrahi'' and its Bengali version ''Udayer Pathey'' received a positive response from the audiences, making both a success at the box-office. [[Nasreen Munni Kabir]] gives the reason for the film's popularity in her book, ''The Dialogues of Devdas'', where she quotes director [[Ritwik Ghatak]] from the cine-mag, ''[[Filmfare]]'', (4 March 1966), "People for the first time saw in them their everyday life – this revolutionised the concept of film as a social document of contemporary reality".<ref name="Kabir2012" />

==Music==
The music direction was by [[Raichand Boral]] and the lyrics were by Zakir Husain. The film included Rabindranath's "[[Jana Gana Mana]]", which became the national anthem of India following [[Independence of India|Independence]]. Most of the songs were sung by Binota Bose, with one duet by [[Hemant Kumar]] and two songs sung as chorus.

===Soundtrack===
Songlist:<ref name=Songs>{{cite web|title=Hamrahi 1945|url=http://www.hindigeetmala.net/movie/humrahi.htm|website=hindigeetmala.net|publisher=Hindi Geetmala|accessdate=6 December 2015}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! # !! Title !! Singer
|-
| 1
| "Jana Gana Mana"
| Chorus
|-
| 2
| "Badhte Chalo Jawano"
| Chorus
|-
| 3
| "Gaye Ja Tu Apna Geet"
| Rekha Mallick
|-
| 4
| "Madhu Gandhe Bhara"
| Binota Bose, [[Hemant Kumar]]
|-
| 5
| "Hansi Chand Ki Aaj Nirali"
| Binota Bose
|-
| 6
| "Din Hai Bahaar Ke Aaye"
| Binota Bose
|-
| 7
| "Jigar Ke Daag"
| Binota Bose
|}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}
{{Bimal Roy}}

[[Category:1945 films]]
[[Category:1945 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1945 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Bimal Roy]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:1945 drama films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Bengali films]]
[[Category:New Theatres films]]

2025 Asia Cup

2026-04-29T16:31:26Z

DexterEdmonson0: creating new data

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{infobox cricket tournament
|name= 2025 Asia Cup
|image= 2025_ACC_Asia_Cup.png
|fromdate= 9
|todate= 28 September 2025
|administrator= [[Asian Cricket Council]]
|cricket format= [[Twenty20 International]]
|tournament format= Group stage and [[Single-elimination tournament|knockout]]
|host= [[United Arab Emirates]]
|participants= 8
|matches= 19
| champions = {{cr|India}}
| count = 9
| runner up = {{cr|Pakistan}}
| player of the series = {{cricon|IND}} [[Abhishek Sharma]]
| most runs = {{cricon|IND}} [[Abhishek Sharma]] (314)
| most wickets = {{cricon|IND}} [[Kuldeep Yadav]] (17)
|website={{URL|https://asiancricket.org/}}
|previous_year=2023
|previous_tournament=2023 Asia Cup
|next_year=2027
|next_tournament= 2027 Asia Cup
}}

The '''2025 Men's Asia Cup''' (also known as '''DP World Asia Cup''' for sponsorship reasons) was the 17th edition of the [[Asia Cup]] cricket tournament. It took place in the [[United Arab Emirates]] (UAE) from 9 to 28 September 2025.<ref name="INDPAK">{{Cite news |date=27 February 2025 |title=More India-Pakistan games on the horizon as Asia Cup gets September window |url=https://cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/133600/more-india-pakistan-games-on-the-horizon-as-asia-cup-gets-september-window |work=[[Cricbuzz]]}}</ref> The matches were played in the [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) format. India was the defending champions of [[2023 Asia Cup|2023]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-28 |title=India to host Men's Asia Cup 2025 |url=https://cricketpakistan.com.pk/en/news/detail/india-to-host-mens-asia-cup-2025 |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=cricketpakistan.com.pk |language=en}}</ref>

The tournament featured eight teams. The five full members of the Asian Cricket Council, [[Afghanistan national cricket team|Afghanistan]], [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]], [[Indian national cricket team|India]], [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]], and [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] automatically qualified for the tournament and were joined by [[United Arab Emirates national cricket team|United Arab Emirates]], [[Oman national cricket team|Oman]] and [[Hong Kong national cricket team|Hong Kong]], the teams which finished in the top three in the [[2024 ACC Men's Premier Cup]]. In the [[2025 Asia Cup final|final]], India defeated Pakistan by 5 wickets to win their ninth title, and thus retained the title.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=28 September 2025 |title=India win 9th Asia Cup title after Tilak Varma, Shivam Dube ace nerve-wracking chase against Pakistan |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/india-win-9th-asia-cup-title-after-tilak-varma-shivam-dube-kuldeep-yadav-ace-nerve-wracking-chase-against-pakistan-101759080767472.html |publisher=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=29 September 2025 |title=India win record-extending 9th Asia Cup title, beat Pakistan by five wickets in thrilling final |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/india-win-record-extending-9th-asia-cup-title-beat-pakistan-by-five-wickets-in-thrilling-final-10277178/lite |publisher=The Indian Express}}</ref>

== Background ==
The dates for the tournament were released in July 2024, with India initially set to act as host.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-30 |title=India to host 2025 Asia Cup, Bangladesh the 2027 edition |url=https://www.firstpost.com/firstcricket/sports-news/india-host-2025-asia-cup-bangladesh-2027-13798603.html |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=[[Firstpost]] |language=en-us}}</ref> However, following the [[2025 Pahalgam attack|Pahalgam attack]] in early 2025 and the subsequent escalation of [[2025 India–Pakistan crisis|political crisis]] and [[2025 India–Pakistan conflict|military conflict]] between India and Pakistan, concerns arose over the feasibility of hosting matches involving both nations in India. In July 2025, during the [[Asian Cricket Council]]'s annual meeting in [[Dhaka]], ACC chairman [[Mohsin Naqvi]] announced that the tournament would instead be held in the United Arab Emirates, with matches staged in [[Dubai]] and [[Abu Dhabi]]. The UAE was selected as a neutral venue due to its prior experience hosting high-profile multinational cricket tournaments under similar circumstances.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=26 July 2025 |title=Asia Cup 2025 to start on September 9 in UAE |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/asia-cup-2025-cricket-start-date?hl=en-US |access-date=11 August 2025 |work=Olympics}}</ref>

== Format ==
The tournament was played with eight teams split into two groups of four. The top two teams from each group advanced to a single-group Super Four stage, and the top two teams from this stage contested the final.<ref name="INDPAK"/>

== Teams and qualification ==
[[File:2025 ACC Asia Cup participating nations.svg|thumb|250px|{{legend|#0000ff|Qualified for Asia Cup as full members}}{{legend|#00c600ff|Qualified through [[2024 ACC Men's Premier Cup]]}}{{legend|#ffd500|Failed to qualify}}]]

The five [[List of International Cricket Council members|full members]] of the [[Asian Cricket Council]] qualified automatically for the tournament. The United Arab Emirates, Oman and Hong Kong qualified following their top-three finish at the [[2024 ACC Men's Premier Cup|2024 ACC Premier Cup]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-06-28 |title=Amid rising optimism, ACC aims to start Asia Cup in September
|url=https://m.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/134818/amid-rising-optimism-acc-aims-to-start-asia-cup-in-september |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=[[Cricbuzz]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
!Means of qualification
!Date
!Hosts
!Berth(s)
!Qualified
|-
|rowspan="5" |ICC Full Member
|rowspan="5" {{n/a}}
|rowspan="5" {{n/a}}
|rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;"|'''5'''
|{{cr|AFG}}
|-
|{{cr|BAN}}
|-
|{{cr|IND}}
|-
|{{cr|PAK}}
|-
|{{cr|SRI}}
|-
|rowspan="3" |[[2024 ACC Men's Premier Cup|{{nobr|2024 ACC Premier Cup}}]]
|rowspan="3" |{{nobr|12–21 April 2024}}
|rowspan="3" |Oman
|rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|'''3'''
|{{nobr|{{cr|UAE}}}}
|-
|{{cr|OMA}}
|-
|{{cr|HK}}
|-
!Total
!
!
!8
!
|}

==Squads==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! {{cr|AFG}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/afghanistan-unveil-squad-for-upcoming-asia-cup |title=Afghanistan unveil squad for upcoming Asia Cup |work=[[International Cricket Council]] |access-date=24 August 2025}}</ref>
! {{cr|BAN}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Bangladesh Squad for Asia Cup 2025 & T20I Series Against the Netherlands Announced |url=https://www.tigercricket.com.bd/detail/bangladesh-squad-for-asia-cup-2025-t20i-series-against-the-netherlands-announced |work=[[Bangladesh Cricket Board]] |access-date=22 August 2025}}</ref>
! {{cr|HK}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Hong Kong, China Announces 20-Man ACC Asia Cup Squad for Preparation Camp in UAE |url=https://www.crickethongkong.com/news-detail/4114/Hong-Kong,-China-Announces-20-Man-ACC-Asia-Cup-Squad-for-Preparation-Camp-in-UAE |work=[[Cricket Hong Kong, China]] |access-date=22 August 2025}}</ref>
! {{cr|IND}}<ref>{{cite web |title=India's squad for ACC Asia Cup 2025 announced|url=https://www.bcci.tv/bccilink/articles/2amcEwyu |work=[[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] |access-date=19 August 2025}}</ref>
! {{cr|OMA}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.muscatdaily.com/2025/08/25/oman-cricket-team-ready-to-make-an-impact-in-asia-cup/ |title=Oman ready to make an impact in Asia Cup |work=[[Muscat Daily]] |access-date=25 August 2025}}</ref>
! {{cr|PAK}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Pakistan announce squads for UAE T20I tri-series and Asia Cup |url=https://www.pcb.com.pk/press-release-detail/pakistan-announce-squads-for-uae-t20i-tri-series-and-asia-cup.html |work=[[Pakistan Cricket Board]] |access-date=17 August 2025}}</ref>
! {{cr|SRI}}<ref>{{cite web |access-date=28 August 2025 |title=Sri Lanka T20I Squad announced for the Asia Cup 2025 |url=https://srilankacricket.lk/2025/08/sri-lanka-t20i-squad-announced-for-the-asia-cup-2025/ |work=[[Sri Lanka Cricket]]}}</ref>
! {{cr|UAE}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://emiratescricket.com/news-detail/B9RO37N1aM1BaWmpnyxV |title=Muhammad Waseem to lead 17-member UAE squad in DP World Asia Cup 2025 |work=[[Emirates Cricket Board]] |access-date=4 September 2025}}</ref>
|-
|valign=top|
* [[Rashid Khan]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Fareed Ahmad (cricketer)|Fareed Ahmad]]
* [[Noor Ahmad]]
* [[Abdullah Ahmadzai]]
* [[Sediqullah Atal]]
* [[Sharafuddin Ashraf]]
* [[Fazalhaq Farooqi]]
* [[Allah Mohammad Ghazanfar]]
* [[Rahmanullah Gurbaz]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* <s>[[Naveen-ul-Haq]]</s>
* [[Mohammad Ishaq (Afghan cricketer)|Mohammad Ishaq]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Karim Janat]]
* [[Gulbadin Naib]]
* [[Mohammad Nabi]]
* [[Azmatullah Omarzai]]
* [[Mujeeb Ur Rahman]]
* [[Darwish Rasooli]]
* [[Ibrahim Zadran]]
|valign=top|
* [[Litton Das]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]], [[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Nasum Ahmed]]
* [[Taskin Ahmed]]
* [[Jaker Ali]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Parvez Hossain Emon]]
* [[Nurul Hasan (cricketer)|Nurul Hasan]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Tanzid Hasan]]
* [[Tanzim Hasan Sakib]]
* [[Saif Hassan]]
* [[Rishad Hossain]]
* [[Shamim Hossain]]
* [[Towhid Hridoy]]
* [[Shoriful Islam]]
* [[Mahedi Hasan]]
* [[Mustafizur Rahman]]
* [[Mohammad Saifuddin]]
|valign=top|
* [[Yasim Murtaza]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Babar Hayat]] ([[Captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|vc]])
* [[Zeeshan Ali (cricketer)|Zeeshan Ali]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Haroon Arshad]]
* Kalhan Challu
* [[Martin Coetzee]]
* [[Mohammad Ghazanfar]]
* Ali Hassan
* Ateeq Iqbal
* [[Aizaz Khan]]
* [[Anas Khan]]
* [[Ehsan Khan (cricketer)|Ehsan Khan]]
* [[Nizakat Khan]]
* Adil Mehmood
* [[Nasrulla Rana]]
* [[Anshuman Rath]]
* [[Kinchit Shah]]
* [[Ayush Shukla]]
* Mohammad Waheed
* [[Shahid Wasif]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
|valign=top|
* [[Suryakumar Yadav]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Shubman Gill]] ([[Captain (cricket)#Vice Captain|vc]])
* [[Abhishek Sharma]]
* [[Tilak Varma]]
* [[Hardik Pandya]]
* [[Shivam Dube]]
* [[Axar Patel]]
* [[Jitesh Sharma]] ([[Wicket Keeper|wk]])
* [[Jasprit Bumrah]]
* [[Arshdeep Singh (cricketer)|Arshdeep Singh]]
* [[Varun Chakravarthy]]
* [[Kuldeep Yadav]]
* [[Sanju Samson]] ([[Wicket Keeper|wk]])
* [[Harshit Rana]]
* [[Rinku Singh (cricketer)|Rinku Singh]]
|valign=top|
* [[Jatinder Singh]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Shakeel Ahmed (Omani cricketer)|Shakeel Ahmed]]
* Wasim Ali
* Aryan Bisht
* Shah Faisal
* Muhammed Imran
* Zikria Islam
* [[Aamir Kaleem]]
* Nadeem Khan
* [[Sufyan Mehmood]]
* Hammad Mirza
* [[Mohammad Nadeem (Omani cricketer)|Mohammad Nadeem]]
* Ashish Odedara
* Jiten Ramanandi
* Hassnain Shah
* [[Samay Shrivastava]]
* Vinayak Shukla ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* Karan Sonavale
* Sufyan Yousuf ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
|valign=top|
* [[Salman Ali Agha]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Shaheen Afridi]]
* [[Abrar Ahmed (Pakistani cricketer)|Abrar Ahmed]]
* [[Hasan Ali (cricketer)|Hasan Ali]]
* [[Faheem Ashraf]]
* [[Saim Ayub]]
* [[Sahibzada Farhan]]
* [[Mohammad Haris]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Salman Mirza]]
* [[Sufiyan Muqeem]]
* [[Hassan Nawaz (cricketer)|Hassan Nawaz]]
* [[Mohammad Nawaz (cricketer)|Mohammad Nawaz]]
* [[Haris Rauf]]
* [[Khushdil Shah]]
* [[Hussain Talat]]
* [[Mohammad Wasim Jr.]]
* [[Fakhar Zaman (cricketer)|Fakhar Zaman]]
|valign=top|
* [[Charith Asalanka]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Dushmantha Chameera]]
* [[Binura Fernando]]
* [[Nuwanidu Fernando]]
* [[Wanindu Hasaranga]]
* [[Chamika Karunaratne]]
* [[Janith Liyanage]]
* [[Kamindu Mendis]]
* [[Kusal Mendis]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Kamil Mishara]]
* [[Pathum Nissanka]]
* [[Matheesha Pathirana]]
* [[Kusal Perera]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Dasun Shanaka]]
* [[Maheesh Theekshana]]
* [[Nuwan Thushara]]
* [[Dunith Wellalage]]
|valign=top|
* [[Muhammad Waseem (cricketer)|Muhammad Waseem]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Haider Ali (cricketer, born 1994)|Haider Ali]]
* [[Rahul Chopra]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Ethan D'Souza]]
* [[Muhammad Farooq (cricketer, born 1992)|Muhammad Farooq]]
* [[Muhammad Jawadullah]]
* Harshit Kaushik
* [[Asif Khan (Emirati cricketer)|Asif Khan]]
* [[Matiullah Khan]]
* Saghir Khan
* [[Dhruv Parashar]]
* Muhammad Rohid
* [[Alishan Sharafu]]
* [[Aryansh Sharma]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Junaid Siddique (Emirati cricketer)|Junaid Siddique]]
* Simranjeet Singh
* Muhammad Zohaib
|}

On 9 September, [[Janith Liyanage]] was added to the Sri Lanka squad.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thepapare.com/janith-liyanage-added-to-sri-lankas-asia-cup-squad/ |title=Janith Liyanage added to Sri Lanka's Asia Cup squad |work=ThePapare |access-date=10 September 2025}}</ref>

On 15 September, [[Naveen-ul-Haq]] was ruled out of the tournament due to a shoulder injury, and was replaced by [[Abdullah Ahmadzai]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/135605/naveen-ul-haq-ruled-out-of-asia-cup-due-to-shoulder-injury |title=Naveen Ul Haq ruled out of Asia Cup due to shoulder injury |work=[[Cricbuzz]] |access-date=15 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/afghanistan-news-naveen-ul-haq-ruled-out-of-asia-cup-abdollah-ahmadzai-named-replacement-1502994 |title=Naveen-ul-Haq ruled out of Asia Cup, Abdollah Ahmadzai named replacement |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=15 September 2025}}</ref>

==Venues==
The ACC announced the venues of the tournament on 2 August 2025.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://asiancricket.org/news/2025/19006 |title=ACC announces official venues for Men's Asia Cup 2025 |work=[[Asian Cricket Council]] |access-date=2 August 2025}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin:0 auto"
|-
![[Dubai]]
![[Abu Dhabi]]
|-
| [[Dubai International Cricket Stadium]]
| [[Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium]]
|-
| Coordinates: {{coord|25|2|48|N|55|13|8|E|}}
| Coordinates: {{coord|24|23|47|N|54|32|26|E}}
|-
| Capacity: 25,000
| Capacity: 20,000
|-
|Matches: 11
|Matches: 8
|-
| [[File:Dubai Stadium 2019.jpg|200px]]
| [[File:Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium-01.jpg|200px]]
|}

==Match officials==
[[International Cricket Council]] (ICC) and [[Asian Cricket Council]] (ACC) jointly appointed the following match officials for the tournament.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=8 September 2025 |title=Asia Cup 2025: Richie Richardson and Andy Pycroft head panel of match officials |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/asia-cup-2025-richie-richardson-and-andy-pycroft-head-panel-of-match-officials/article70025044.ece |work=The Hindu}}</ref>

===Match referees===
* {{cricon|ZIM}} [[Andy Pycroft]]
* {{cricon|WIN}} [[Richie Richardson]]

=== Umpires ===
{{div col}}
* {{cricon|AFG}} [[Izatullah Safi]]
* {{cricon|AFG}} [[Ahmed Shah Pakteen]]
* {{cricon|BAN}} [[Masudur Rahman (umpire)|Masudur Rahman]]
* {{cricon|BAN}} [[Gazi Sohel]]
* {{cricon|IND}} [[Rohan Pandit]]
* {{cricon|IND}} [[Virender Sharma]]
* {{cricon|PAK}} [[Faisal Afridi]]
* {{cricon|PAK}} [[Asif Yaqoob]]
* {{cricon|SL}} [[Raveendra Wimalasiri]]
* {{cricon|SL}} [[Ruchira Palliyaguruge]]
{{div col end}}

==Tour matches==
[[Hong Kong national cricket team|Hong Kong]] and [[Oman national cricket team|Oman]] played each other in 2 unofficial 20-over matches prior to the Asia Cup.
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 5 September 2025
| time = 18:30
| night = y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|OMA}}
| team2 = {{nowrap|{{cr|HKG}}}}
| score1 = 211/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = Hammad Mirza 69 (36)
| wickets1 = Yasim Murtaza 2/30 (4 overs)
| score2 = 167/7 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Anshuman Rath]] 42 (23)
| wickets2 = Hassnain Shah 2/9 (2 overs)
| result = Oman won by 44 runs
| report = [https://x.com/CricketHK/status/1964329862006739388 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Oman Cricket Academy Ground]], [[Al Amarat]]
| umpires =
| motm =
| toss =
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 6 September 2025
| time =
| night =
| team1 = {{nowrap|{{cr-rt|HKG}}}}
| team2 = {{cr|OMA}}
| score1 = 154/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = Zeeshan Ali 45 (31)
| wickets1 = Samay Shrivastava 2/19 (4 overs)
| score2 = 157/5 (18.2 overs)
| runs2 = Hammad Mirza 60 (37)
| wickets2 = [[Ehsan Khan (cricketer)|Ehsan Khan]] 2/24 (4 overs)
| result = Oman won by 5 wickets
| report = [https://x.com/CricketHK/status/1964879486832525586 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Oman Cricket Academy Ground]], [[Al Amarat]]
| umpires =
| motm =
| toss =
| rain =
| notes =
}}

==Group stage==
The ACC released the full fixtures of the tournament on 26 July 2025.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://asiancricket.org/news/2025/18968 |title=ACC Men's T20 Asia Cup 2025 Set for an Expanded Showcase in the UAE |work=[[Asian Cricket Council]] |access-date=26 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/135132/asia-cup-2025-confirmed-to-be-held-in-uae-from-sept-9-to-28 |title=Asia Cup 2025 confirmed; to be held in UAE from Sept 9 to 28|work=[[Cricbuzz]] |access-date=26 July 2025}}</ref>

===Group A===
{{2025 Asia Cup Group A}}
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 10 September 2025
| time = 18:30
| night = y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|UAE}}
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| score1 = 57 (13.1 overs)
| runs1 = [[Alishan Sharafu]] 22 (17)
| wickets1 = [[Kuldeep Yadav]] 4/7 (2.1 overs)
| score2 = 60/1 (4.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Abhishek Sharma]] 30 (16)
| wickets2 = [[Junaid Siddique (Emirati cricketer)|Junaid Siddique]] 1/16 (1 over)
| result = India won by 9 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1496921.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Dubai International Cricket Stadium]], [[Dubai]]
| umpires = [[Izatullah Safi]] (Afg) and [[Gazi Sohel]] (Ban)
| motm = [[Kuldeep Yadav]] (Ind)
| toss = India won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 12 September 2025
| time = 18:30
| night = y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|PAK}}
| team2 = {{cr|OMA}}
| score1 = 160/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Mohammad Haris]] 66 (43)
| wickets1 = [[Aamir Kaleem]] 3/31 (4 overs)
| score2 = 67 (16.4 overs)
| runs2 = Hammad Mirza 27 (23)
| wickets2 = [[Faheem Ashraf]] 2/6 (2 overs)
| result = Pakistan won by 93 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1496923.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Dubai International Cricket Stadium]], [[Dubai]]
| umpires = [[Ahmed Shah Pakteen]] (Afg) and [[Masudur Rahman (umpire)|Masudur Rahman]] (Ban)
| motm = [[Mohammad Haris]] (Pak)
| toss = Pakistan won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = This was the first time Oman and Pakistan faced each other in T20Is.
* Shah Faisal and Zikria Islam (Oma) both made their T20I debuts.
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 14 September 2025
| time = 18:30
| night = y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|PAK}}
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| score1 = 127/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sahibzada Farhan]] 40 (44)
| wickets1 = [[Kuldeep Yadav]] 3/18 (4 overs)
| score2 = 131/3 (15.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Suryakumar Yadav]] 47[[not out|*]] (37)
| wickets2 = [[Saim Ayub]] 3/35 (4 overs)
| result = India won by 7 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1496925.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Dubai International Cricket Stadium]], [[Dubai]]
| umpires = [[Ruchira Palliyaguruge]] (SL) and [[Masudur Rahman (umpire)|Masudur Rahman]] (Ban)
| motm = [[Kuldeep Yadav]] (Ind)
| toss = Pakistan won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 15 September 2025
| time = 16:00
| daynight = y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|UAE}}
| team2 = {{cr|OMA}}
| score1 = 172/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Muhammad Waseem (cricketer)|Muhammad Waseem]] 69 (54)
| wickets1 = Jiten Ramanandi 2/24 (4 overs)
| score2 = 130 (18.4 overs)
| runs2 = Aryan Bisht 24 (32)
| wickets2 = [[Junaid Siddique (Emirati cricketer)|Junaid Siddique]] 4/23 (4 overs)
| result = United Arab Emirates won by 42 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1496926.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium]], [[Abu Dhabi]]
| umpires = [[Virender Sharma]] (Ind) and [[Asif Yaqoob]] (Pak)
| motm = [[Alishan Sharafu]] (UAE)
| toss = Oman won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = Aryan Bisht (Oma) made his T20I debut.
* It was the 100th T20I match for Oman.<ref>{{cite tweet|user=thecricketgully |number=1967536393389031680 |date=15 September 2025 |title=🎉 Century of T20Is! 🇴🇲 Oman Cricket celebrates its 100th T20I milestone 🏏🔥}}</ref>
* [[Muhammad Waseem (cricketer)|Muhammad Waseem]] (UAE) scored his 3,000th run in T20Is.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=15 September 2025 |title=Muhammad Waseem Creates History, Breaks Jos Buttler's Record; Becomes First Player In The World To... |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/muhammad-waseem-creates-history-breaks-jos-buttlers-record-becomes-first-player-in-the-world-to-score-3000-t20i-runs-in-less-than-2000-balls-article-152811119/amp |publisher=Times Now}}</ref>
* India qualified for the Super Four while Oman were eliminated as a result of this match.
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 17 September 2025
| time = 19:30
| night = y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|PAK}}
| team2 = {{cr|UAE}}
| score1 = 146/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Fakhar Zaman (cricketer)|Fakhar Zaman]] 50 (36)
| wickets1 = [[Junaid Siddique (Emirati cricketer)|Junaid Siddique]] 4/18 (4 overs)
| score2 = 105 (17.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rahul Chopra]] 35 (35)
| wickets2 = [[Abrar Ahmed (Pakistani cricketer)|Abrar Ahmed]] 2/13 (4 overs)
| result = Pakistan won by 41 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1496929.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Dubai International Cricket Stadium]], [[Dubai]]
| umpires = [[Ahmed Shah Pakteen]] (Afg) and [[Ruchira Palliyaguruge]] (SL)
| motm = [[Shaheen Afridi]] (Pak)
| toss = United Arab Emirates won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = The match was delayed by an hour due to [[Pakistan Cricket Board|PCB]]'s protest over the India–Pakistan [[#Handshake controversy|handshake controversy]] involving match referee [[Andy Pycroft]].<ref>{{cite web |access-date=17 September 2025 |title=PCB clears Pakistan to play UAE; says Pycroft apologised |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/pakistan-uae-match-begins-after-delay-as-andy-pycroft-remains-match-referee-1503294 |publisher=ESPNCricinfo}}</ref>
* Pakistan qualified for the Super Four while United Arab Emirates were eliminated as a result of this match.
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 19 September 2025
| time = 18:30
| night = y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{cr|OMA}}
| score1 = 188/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sanju Samson]] 56 (45)
| wickets1 = Shah Faisal 2/23 (4 overs)
| score2 = 167/4 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Aamir Kaleem]] 64 (46)
| wickets2 = [[Kuldeep Yadav]] 1/23 (3 overs)
| result = India won by 21 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1496931.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium]], [[Abu Dhabi]]
| umpires = [[Faisal Afridi]] (Pak) and [[Raveendra Wimalasiri]] (SL)
| motm = [[Sanju Samson]] (Ind)
| toss = India won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = This was the first time India and Oman faced each other in T20Is.
* It was the 250th T20I match for India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/cricket/india-become-2nd-team-in-the-world-after-pakistan-to-ws-l-9583588.html |title=India Become 2nd Team In The World After Pakistan To... |work=News18 |access-date=19 September 2025}}</ref>
* [[Arshdeep Singh]] became the first Indian bowler to take 100 wickets in T20Is.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/asia-cup-arshdeep-singh-becomes-first-indian-to-reach-100-t20i-wickets-1503741 |title=Arshdeep becomes first Indian to reach 100 T20I wickets |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=20 September 2025}}</ref>
}}

===Group B===

{{2025 Asia Cup Group B}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 9 September 2025
| time = 18:30
| night = y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AFG}}
| team2 = {{cr|HK}}
| score1 = 188/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sediqullah Atal]] 73[[not out|*]] (52)
| wickets1 = [[Kinchit Shah]] 2/24 (3 overs)
| score2 = 94/9 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Babar Hayat]] 39 (43)
| wickets2 = [[Gulbadin Naib]] 2/8 (3 overs)
| result = Afghanistan won by 94 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1496920.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium]], [[Abu Dhabi]]
| umpires = [[Virender Sharma]] (Ind) and [[Asif Yaqoob]] (Pak)
| motm = [[Azmatullah Omarzai]] (Afg)
| toss = Afghanistan won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Azmatullah Omarzai]] (Afg) recorded the fastest half-century (20 balls) for Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ft.lk/sports/Omarzai-scores-fastest-ever-50-as-Afghanistan-rout-Hong-Kong/23-781532 |title=Omarzai scores fastest ever 50 as Afghanistan rout Hong Kong |work=[[Daily FT]] |access-date= 11 September 2025}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 11 September 2025
| time = 18:30
| night = y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|HK}}
| team2 = {{cr|BAN}}
| score1 = 143/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Nizakat Khan]] 42 (40)
| wickets1 = [[Tanzim Hasan Sakib]] 2/21 (4 overs)
| score2 = 144/3 (17.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Litton Das]] 59 (39)
| wickets2 = Ateeq Iqbal 2/14 (3.4 overs)
| result = Bangladesh won by 7 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1496922.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium]], [[Abu Dhabi]]
| umpires = [[Rohan Pandit]] (Ind) and [[Raveendra Wimalasiri]] (SL)
| motm = [[Litton Das]] (Ban)
| toss = Bangladesh won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Rishad Hossain]] (Ban) and [[Ayush Shukla]] (HK) both took their 50th wicket in T20Is.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mensxp.com/sports/cricket/179592-asia-cup-2025-hong-kong-vs-bangladesh-rishad-hossain-completes-50-t20i-wickets.html |title=Hong Kong vs Bangladesh: Rishad Hossain Completes 50 T20I Wickets in Asia Cup 2025 Win |work=MensXP |access-date=12 September 2025}}</ref>
* [[Litton Das]] hit his 78th six in T20Is, the most for Bangladesh, surpassing [[Mahmudullah]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Litton Das Breaks Multiple Batting Records During His 59-Run Knock Against Hong Kong |url=https://www.news18.com/cricket/litton-das-breaks-multiple-batting-records-during-his-57-run-knock-against-hong-kong-ws-l-9566427.html |access-date=12 September 2025 |work=[[News18]]}}</ref>
* Hong Kong were eliminated as a result of this match.
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 13 September 2025
| time = 18:30
| night = y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|BAN}}
| team2 = {{cr|SL}}
| score1 = 139/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shamim Hossain]] 42[[not out|*]] (34)
| wickets1 = [[Wanindu Hasaranga]] 2/24 (4 overs)
| score2 = 140/4 (14.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Pathum Nissanka]] 50 (34)
| wickets2 = [[Mahedi Hasan]] 2/29 (4 overs)
| result = Sri Lanka won by 6 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1496924.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium]], [[Abu Dhabi]]
| umpires = [[Faisal Afridi]] (Pak) and [[Rohan Pandit]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Kamil Mishara]] (SL)
| toss = Sri Lanka won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Pathum Nissanka]] (SL) scored his 2,000th run in T20Is.<ref>{{cite web |title=Asia Cup: Pathum Nissanka becomes 3rd Sri Lankan batter to reach 2,000 T20I runs |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/pathum-nissanka/asia-cup-pathum-nissanka-becomes-3rd-sri-lankan-batter-to-reach-2000-t20i-runs |work=[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]] |access-date=13 September 2025}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 15 September 2025
| time = 18:30
| night = y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|HK}}
| team2 = {{cr|SL}}
| score1 = 149/4 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Nizakat Khan]] 52[[not out|*]] (38)
| wickets1 = [[Dushmantha Chameera]] 2/29 (4 overs)
| score2 = 153/6 (18.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Pathum Nissanka]] 68 (44)
| wickets2 = Yasim Murtaza 2/37 (4 overs)
| result = Sri Lanka won by 4 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1496927.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Dubai International Cricket Stadium]], [[Dubai]]
| umpires = [[Izatullah Safi]] (Afg) and [[Gazi Sohel]] (Ban)
| motm = [[Pathum Nissanka]] (SL)
| toss = Sri Lanka won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = This was the first time Hong Kong and Sri Lanka faced each other in any format in international cricket.
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 16 September 2025
| time = 18:30
| night = y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|BAN}}
| team2 = {{cr|AFG}}
| score1 = 154/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Tanzid Hasan]] 52 (31)
| wickets1 = [[Noor Ahmad]] 2/23 (4 overs)
| score2 = 146 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rahmanullah Gurbaz]] 35 (31)
| wickets2 = [[Mustafizur Rahman]] 3/28 (4 overs)
| result = Bangladesh won by 8 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1496928.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium]], [[Abu Dhabi]]
| umpires = [[Faisal Afridi]] (Pak) and [[Raveendra Wimalasiri]] (SL)
| motm = [[Nasum Ahmed]] (Ban)
| toss = Bangladesh won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = It was the 200th T20I match for Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bssnews.net/sports/312449 | title=Bangladesh play 200th T20Is today | work=Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha | accessdate=17 September 2025}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 18 September 2025
| time = 18:30
| night = y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AFG}}
| team2 = {{cr|SL}}
| score1 = 169/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Mohammad Nabi]] 60 (22)
| wickets1 = [[Nuwan Thushara]] 4/18 (4 overs)
| score2 = 171/4 (18.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kusal Mendis]] 74[[not out|*]] (52)
| wickets2 = [[Azmatullah Omarzai]] 1/10 (2 overs)
| result = Sri Lanka won by 6 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1496930.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium]], [[Abu Dhabi]]
| umpires = [[Virender Sharma]] (Ind) and [[Asif Yaqoob]] (Pak)
| motm = [[Kusal Mendis]] (SL)
| toss = Afghanistan won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Mohammad Nabi]] equalled [[Azmatullah Omarzai]]'s record for the fastest half-century (20 balls) for Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geosuper.tv/latest/48851-asia-cup-2025-mohammad-nabi-equals-azmatullah-omarzais-record-in-sri-lanka-clash |title=Asia Cup 2025: Mohammad Nabi equals Azmatullah Omarzai's record in Sri Lanka clash |work=Geo Super |access-date=19 September 2025}}</ref>
* Bangladesh and Sri Lanka qualified for the Super Four while Afghanistan were eliminated as a result of this match.
}}

==Super Four==
{{2025 Asia Cup Super Four}}
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 20 September 2025
| time = 18:30
| night = y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|SL}}
| team2 = {{cr|BAN}}
| score1 = 168/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Dasun Shanaka]] 64[[not out|*]] (37)
| wickets1 = [[Mustafizur Rahman]] 3/20 (4 overs)
| score2 = 169/6 (19.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Saif Hassan]] 61 (45)
| wickets2 = [[Dasun Shanaka]] 2/21 (2.5 overs)
| result = Bangladesh won by 4 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1496932.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Dubai International Cricket Stadium]], [[Dubai]]
| umpires = [[Rohan Pandit]] (Ind) and [[Asif Yaqoob]] (Pak)
| motm = [[Saif Hassan]] (Ban)
| toss = Bangladesh won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Towhid Hridoy]] (Ban) played in his 50th T20I match, and scored his 1,000th run in T20Is.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/cricket/2025/Sep/20/hridoy-and-hassan-steer-bangladesh-past-sri-lanka-at-asia-cup-super-four |title=Hridoy and Hassan steer Bangladesh past Sri Lanka at Asia Cup Super Four |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=21 September 2025}}</ref>
* [[Litton Das]] surpassed [[Shakib Al Hasan]]'s 2551 runs and became the highest run scorer for Bangladesh in T20Is.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sundayguardianlive.com/sports/litton-das-becomes-bangladeshs-leading-run-getter-in-t20is-overtakes-shakib-al-hasan20250920235630-144329/ |title=Litton Das becomes Bangladesh's leading run-getter in T20Is, overtakes Shakib al Hasan |work=The Sunday Guardian |access-date=21 September 2025}}</ref>
* [[Kusal Mendis]] surpassed [[Kumar Sangakkara]]'s 45 dismissals and has recorded the most number of dismissals for Sri Lanka in T20Is.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/keeping-most-dismissals-career/sri-lanka-8/twenty20-internationals-3 |title=Most dismissals for Sri Lanka in T20Is |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=21 September 2025}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 21 September 2025
| time = 18:30
| night = y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|PAK}}
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| score1 = 171/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sahibzada Farhan]] 58 (45)
| wickets1 = [[Shivam Dube]] 2/33 (4 overs)
| score2 = 174/4 (18.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Abhishek Sharma]] 74 (39)
| wickets2 = [[Haris Rauf]] 2/26 (4 overs)
| result = India won by 6 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1496933.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Dubai International Cricket Stadium]], [[Dubai]]
| umpires = [[Ahmed Shah Pakteen]] (Afg) and [[Gazi Sohel]] (Ban)
| motm = [[Abhishek Sharma]] (Ind)
| toss = India won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 23 September 2025
| time = 18:30
| night = y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|SL}}
| team2 = {{cr|PAK}}
| score1 = 133/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Kamindu Mendis]] 50 (44)
| wickets1 = [[Shaheen Afridi]] 3/28 (4 overs)
| score2 = 138/5 (18 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mohammad Nawaz (cricketer)|Mohammad Nawaz]] 38[[not out|*]] (24)
| wickets2 = [[Maheesh Theekshana]] 2/24 (4 overs)
| result = Pakistan won by 5 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1496934.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium]], [[Abu Dhabi]]
| umpires = [[Masudur Rahman (umpire)|Masudur Rahman]] (Ban) and [[Izatullah Safi]] (Afg)
| motm = [[Hussain Talat]] (Pak)
| toss = Pakistan won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 24 September 2025
| time = 18:30
| night = y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{cr|BAN}}
| score1 = 168/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Abhishek Sharma]] 75 (37)
| wickets1 = [[Rishad Hossain]] 2/27 (3 overs)
| score2 = 127 (19.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Saif Hassan]] 69 (51)
| wickets2 = [[Kuldeep Yadav]] 3/18 (4 overs)
| result = India won by 41 runs
| report =[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1496935.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Dubai International Cricket Stadium]], [[Dubai]]
| umpires = [[Ruchira Palliyaguruge]] (SL) and [[Ahmed Shah Pakteen]] (Afg)
| motm = [[Abhishek Sharma]] (Ind)
| toss = Bangladesh won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Jaker Ali]] captained Bangladesh for the [[List of Bangladesh national cricket captains#Twenty20 International captains|first time in T20Is]].<ref>{{cite web |access-date=24 September 2025 |title=Explained! Why Is Jaker Ali Captaining Bangladesh Instead Of Litton Das Against India In Asia Cup? |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/explained-why-is-jaker-ali-captaining-bangladesh-instead-of-litton-das-against-india-in-asia-cup-article-152885994 |publisher=Times Now}}</ref>
* [[Mustafizur Rahman]] (Ban) took his 150th wicket in T20Is and surpassed [[Shakib Al Hasan]]'s 149 wickets to become the highest wicket-taker for Bangladesh in T20Is.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=24 September 2025 |title=Mustafizur Rahman Achieves Huge Record vs India, Becomes Bangladesh's Highest-Ever T20I Wicket-Taker |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/mustafizur-rahman-achieves-huge-record-vs-india-becomes-bangladeshs-highest-ever-t20i-wicket-taker-9337804 |publisher=NDTV Sports}}</ref>
* India qualified for the final while Sri Lanka were eliminated as a result of this match.
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 25 September 2025
| time = 18:30
| night = y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|PAK}}
| team2 = {{cr|BAN}}
| score1 = 135/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Mohammad Haris]] 31 (23)
| wickets1 = [[Taskin Ahmed]] 3/28 (4 overs)
| score2 = 124/9 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shamim Hossain]] 30 (25)
| wickets2 = [[Shaheen Afridi]] 3/17 (4 overs)
| result = Pakistan won by 11 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1496936.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Dubai International Cricket Stadium]], [[Dubai]]
| umpires = [[Ahmed Shah Pakteen]] (Afg) and [[Raveendra Wimalasiri]] (SL)
| motm = [[Shaheen Afridi]] (Pak)
| toss = Bangladesh won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Taskin Ahmed]] (Ban) took his 100th wicket in T20Is.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=25 September 2025 |title=Taskin Ahmed Becomes 3rd Bangladeshi To Take 100 Wickets In T20Is |url=https://www.news18.com/cricket/taskin-ahmed-becomes-3rd-bangladeshi-to-take-100-wickets-in-t20is-ws-l-9596791.html |publisher=News18}}</ref>
* Pakistan qualified for the final while Bangladesh were eliminated as a result of this match.
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 26 September 2025
| time = 18:30
| night = y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{cr|SL}}
| score1 = 202/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Abhishek Sharma]] 61 (31)
| wickets1 = [[Charith Asalanka]] 1/18 (2 overs)
| score2 = 202/5 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Pathum Nissanka]] 107 (58)
| wickets2 = [[Hardik Pandya]] 1/7 (1 over)
| result = Match tied (India won the [[Super Over]])
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1496937.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Dubai International Cricket Stadium]], [[Dubai]]
| umpires = [[Izatullah Safi]] (Afg) and [[Gazi Sohel]] (Ban)
| motm = [[Pathum Nissanka]] (SL)
| toss = Sri Lanka won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Pathum Nissanka]] (SL) scored his maiden [[Century (cricket)|century]] in T20Is.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=26 September 2025 |title=Pathum Nissanka emulates Virat Kohli, becomes 3rd batter to hit Asia Cup T20 hundred |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/pathum-nissanka-emulates-virat-kohli-becomes-3rd-batter-to-hit-asia-cup-t20-hundred-2794174-2025-09-27 |publisher=India Today}}</ref>
* Super Over: Sri Lanka 2/2, India 3/0
}}

==Final==
{{main|2025 Asia Cup final}}
<section begin=match19/>
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 28 September 2025
| time = 18:30
| night = y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|PAK}}
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| score1 = 146 (19.1 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sahibzada Farhan]] 57 (38)
| wickets1 = [[Kuldeep Yadav]] 4/30 (4 overs)
| score2 = 150/5 (19.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Tilak Varma]] 69[[not out|*]] (53)
| wickets2 = [[Faheem Ashraf]] 3/29 (4 overs)
| result = India won by 5 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1496938.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Dubai International Cricket Stadium]], [[Dubai]]
| umpires = [[Ahmed Shah Pakteen]] (Afg) and [[Masudur Rahman (umpire)|Masudur Rahman]] (Ban)
| motm = [[Tilak Varma]] (Ind)
| toss = India won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Faheem Ashraf]] (Pak) took his 50th wicket in T20Is.
}}<section end=match19/>

==Statistics==
===Most runs===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Runs
!Player
!{{Abbr|Inns.|No. of Innings played}}
!{{Abbr|Avg|Average runs scored per dismissals }}
!SR
!{{Abbr|HS|Highest score}}
!100s
!50s
!4s
!6s
|-
!314
|{{cricon|IND}} [[Abhishek Sharma]]
| style="text-align:center;" |7
| style="text-align:center;" |44.85
|200.00
| style="text-align:center;" |75
| style="text-align:center;" |–
| style="text-align:center;" |3
| style="text-align:center;" |32
| style="text-align:center;" |19
|-
!261
|{{cricon|SL}} [[Pathum Nissanka]]
| style="text-align:center;" |6
| style="text-align:center;" |43.50
|160.12
| style="text-align:center;" |107
| style="text-align:center;" |1
| style="text-align:center;" |2
| style="text-align:center;" |23
| style="text-align:center;" |11
|-
!217
|{{nowrap|{{cricon|PAK}} [[Sahibzada Farhan]]}}
| style="text-align:center;" |7
| style="text-align:center;" |31.00
|116.04
| style="text-align:center;" |58
| style="text-align:center;" |–
| style="text-align:center;" |2
| style="text-align:center;" |14
| style="text-align:center;" |11
|-
!213
|{{cricon|IND}} [[Tilak Varma]]
| style="text-align:center;" |6
| style="text-align:center;" |71.00
|131.48
| style="text-align:center;" |69[[not out|*]]
| style="text-align:center;" |–
| style="text-align:center;" |1
| style="text-align:center;" |12
| style="text-align:center;" |10
|-
!181
|{{cricon|PAK}} [[Fakhar Zaman (cricketer)|Fakhar Zaman]]
| style="text-align:center;" |7
| style="text-align:center;" |30.16
|120.66
| style="text-align:center;" |50
| style="text-align:center;" |–
| style="text-align:center;" |1
| style="text-align:center;" |16
| style="text-align:center;" |5
|-
! colspan="10" |Source: [[ESPNcricinfo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/men-s-t20-asia-cup-2025-17474 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |title= Asia Cup 2025 — Most Runs — Records |access-date=9 September 2025}}</ref>
|}

===Most wickets===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!Wickets
!Player
!{{Abbr|Inns.|No. of Innings played}}
!{{Abbr|BBI|Best Bowling Innings}}
!{{Abbr|Avg|Average runs given per wicket}}
!{{Abbr|Eco.|Economy of bowler per over}}
!{{Abbr|4W|4 Wicket hauls}}
!{{Abbr|5W|5 Wicket hauls}}
|-
!17
|style="text-align:left;"|{{cricon|IND}} [[Kuldeep Yadav]]
|style="text-align:center;" |7
|style="text-align:center;" |4/7
|style="text-align:center;" |9.29
|style="text-align:center;" |6.27
|style="text-align:center;" |2
|style="text-align:center;" |–
|-
!10
|style="text-align:left;"|{{nowrap|{{cricon|PAK}} [[Shaheen Afridi]]}}
|style="text-align:center;" |7
|style="text-align:center;" |3/17
|style="text-align:center;" |16.40
|style="text-align:center;" |6.60
|style="text-align:center;" |–
|style="text-align:center;" |–
|-
!rowspan=3|9
|style="text-align:left;"|{{cricon|UAE}} [[Junaid Siddique (Emirati cricketer)|Junaid Siddique]]
|style="text-align:center;" |3
|style="text-align:center;" |4/18
|style="text-align:center;" |6.33
|style="text-align:center;" |6.33
|style="text-align:center;" |2
|style="text-align:center;" |–
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|{{nowrap|{{cricon|BAN}} [[Mustafizur Rahman]]}}
|style="text-align:center;" |6
|style="text-align:center;" |3/20
|style="text-align:center;" |19.00
|style="text-align:center;" |7.43
|style="text-align:center;" |–
|style="text-align:center;" |–
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|{{nowrap|{{cricon|PAK}} [[Haris Rauf]]}}
|style="text-align:center;" |5
|style="text-align:center;" |3/33
|style="text-align:center;" |18.33
|style="text-align:center;" |9.00
|style="text-align:center;" |–
|style="text-align:center;" |–
|-
! colspan="9" |Source: [[ESPNcricinfo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/bowling-most-wickets-career/men-s-t20-asia-cup-2025-17474 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |title= Asia Cup 2025 — Most Wickets — Records |access-date=9 September 2025}}</ref>
|}

==Controversies==
The tournament witnessed a series of controversies involving [[India-Pakistan cricket rivalry|arch rivals]] [[India national cricket team|India]] and [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]], who participated in the backdrop of the [[2025 India–Pakistan conflict]].<ref>{{cite news|date=29 September 2025 |title= Operation sindoor on the games field" PM Modi's post after India beat Pakistan in thrilling Asia Cup final|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/operation-sindoor-on-the-games-field-pm-modis-post-after-india-beat-pak-in-thrilling-asia-cup-final-9361605 |work=[[NDTV]] |access-date=29 September 2025}}</ref>

Ahead of a group stage match, the tournament organizers mistakenly played a few seconds of "[[Jalebi Baby]]" instead of [[Qaumi Taranah|Pakistan's national anthem]], prompting criticism from the Pakistani audience.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1942460|title=PCB to take final call over Asia Cup today|date=17 September 2025|website=Dawn}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Sharma |first=Radhika |date=15 September 2025 |title=Jalebi Baby Singer Tesher Pokes Fun At Pakistan National Anthem Fiasco At Asia Cup: "Shout Out To The Sound Guy..." |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/jalebi-baby-singer-tesher-pokes-fun-at-pakistan-national-anthem-fiasco-at-asia-cup-shout-out-to-the-sound-guy-9278603 |work=[[NDTV]] |access-date=18 September 2025}}</ref>

===Handshake-gate===
The tournament was noted for a controversy dubbed “handshake-gate,” which arose during the [[Toss (cricket)|coin toss]] of the group-stage match between India and Pakistan, when both captains refrained from shaking hands, reportedly on the advice of match referee [[Andy Pycroft]]. Following the conclusion of the match, the Indian players left the field without exchanging handshakes with the Pakistani team. A similar situation occurred during the [[#Super Four|Super Four match]] and the [[#Final|final match]]. <ref name ="Adil_2025">{{Cite web |last1=Adil |first1=Hafsa|last2=Iftikhar Nagi |first2=Ahsan|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/2025/9/14/india-vs-pakistan-asia-cup-match-hit-by-no-handshake-controversy|title=India, Pakistan embroiled in 'no handshake' drama after Asia Cup match |work=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> After the incident during group stage match with India, Pakistan's head coach [[Mike Hesson]] expressed disappointment, while the [[Pakistan Cricket Board|PCB]] lodged a formal protest against Pycroft and later suspended its operations director Usman Wahla over the handling of the episode.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cricketpakistan.com.pk/en/news/detail/pcb-chief-suspends-usman-wahla-over-asia-cup-handshake-controversy|title=PCB chief suspends Usman Wahla over Asia Cup handshake controversy|date=15 September 2025|website=[[Pakistan Cricket Board]]}}</ref> PCB's demand for the removal of Pycroft from the remainder of the tournament was rejected by the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/asia-cup-ind-vs-pak-pcb-chief-mohsin-naqvi-demands-immediate-removal-of-match-referee-andy-pycroft-1502978 |title=PCB chief Naqvi demands 'immediate removal' of match referee Pycroft |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=17 September 2025}}</ref> The subsequent group stage match between Pakistan and the United Arab Emirates was delayed by an hour amid uncertainty over Pakistan's further participation in the tournament, but eventually went ahead after the PCB claimed that Pycroft had apologised for the "miscommunication", while the ICC confirmed he would continue as match referee.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/pakistan-uae-match-begins-after-delay-as-andy-pycroft-remains-match-referee-1503294 |title=Pakistan-UAE match begins after delay as Andy Pycroft remains match referee |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=17 September 2025}}</ref>

===Breach of [[ICC Code of Conduct]] and Disciplinary hearings===
The [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] lodged a complaint with the ICC against Pakistani players [[Haris Rauf]] and [[Sahibzada Farhan]] for their "provocative" gestures during the [[#Super Four|Super Four match]] between India and Pakistan.<ref name=espn-complaint/> While fielding near the boundary, Rauf made a "jet crashing" gesture and a "6-0" finger sign, interpreted as a symbolic reference to Pakistan's claim of shooting down six Indian aircraft during [[2025 India–Pakistan conflict|Operation Sindoor]].<ref name=espn-complaint>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/asia-cup-ind-vs-pak-bcci-lodges-complaint-with-icc-against-sahibzada-farhan-and-haris-rauf-1504362|title=BCCI lodges ICC complaint against Farhan and Rauf|work=ESPNcricinfo|date=25 September 2025|access-date=25 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/cricket/bcci-lodges-official-complaint-against-haris-rauf-and-sahibzada-farhan-for-provocative-gestures-ws-l-9594903.html|title=BCCI lodges official complaint against Haris Rauf and Sahibzada Farhan|work=News18|date=25 September 2025|access-date=25 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Haris Rauf fined 30% of match fee for breaching ICC code of conduct |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/asia-cup-2025-pakistan-haris-rauf-fined-for-breaching-icc-code-of-conduct-1504627 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251008094938/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/asia-cup-2025-pakistan-haris-rauf-fined-for-breaching-icc-code-of-conduct-1504627 |archive-date=2025-10-08 |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/firstcricket/india-vs-pakistan-haris-rauf-fighter-jet-controversy-india-pakistan-asia-cup-2025-13935708.html|title=Haris Rauf's fighter jet controversy explained|work=Firstpost|date=23 September 2025|access-date=25 September 2025}}</ref> A video published by [[NDTV]] showed that Rauf repeated the same gesture after taking a wicket, indicating his actions were not limited to a single incident.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/asia-cup-2025/haris-rauf-provoked-india-with-fighter-jet-gesture-twice-video-of-second-instance-emerges-9321007|title=Haris Rauf provoked India with fighter-jet gesture twice, video emerges|work=NDTV Sports|date=23 September 2025|access-date=25 September 2025}}</ref><ref name=espn-complaint/> Earlier in the same match, Farhan celebrated his half-century by mimicking firing a rifle with his bat, which was described as provocative and insensitive by the Indian media.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://firstpost.com/firstcricket/asia-cup-2025-sahibzada-farhan-fifty-gun-firing-celebration-india-pakistan-13935677.html|title=Farhan's gun-firing celebration sparks debate|work=Firstpost|date=22 September 2025|access-date=25 September 2025}}</ref><ref name=espn-complaint/> The PCB also registered a complaint against India captain [[Suryakumar Yadav]], who expressed solidarity with the victims of the [[2025 Pahalgam attack|Pahalgam terror attack]] and dedicated his team's win to the [[Indian Army]], which the PCB alleged were "political statements".<ref>{{cite news |title=PCB file complaint against Suryakumar Yadav: What is the charge and can he be found guilty? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/asia-cup/pcb-file-complaint-against-suryakumar-yadav-what-is-the-charge-and-can-he-be-found-guilty/articleshow/124104733.cms |access-date=1 October 2025 |work=The Times of India |date=25 September 2025}}</ref>

Following disciplinary hearings conducted by members of the [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] Elite Panel of Match Referees, Suryakumar Yadav was found guilty of breaching Article 2.21 (''conduct that brings the game into disrepute'') and was fined 30 per cent of his match fee and given two demerit points. Sahibzada Farhan was found guilty of the same offence and was issued an official warning with one demerit point. Haris Rauf was found guilty of the same offence and was fined 30 per cent of his match fee and given two demerit points. Rauf was later found guilty of a further breach in the [[2025 Asia Cup final|final]] on 28 September and received two additional demerit points. Because he accumulated four demerit points within a 24-month period this converted to two suspension points under the ICC framework, resulting in a two-match ban that ruled him out of [[South African cricket team in Pakistan in 2025–26|Pakistan's ODIs against South Africa]] on 4 and 6 November 2025.<ref name="ICCrelease">{{cite web |title=Asia Cup 2025 – Players sanctioned for ICC Code of Conduct breaches |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/asia-cup-2025-players-sanctioned-for-icc-code-of-conduct-breaches |date=4 November 2025 |access-date=4 November 2025 |website=ICC}}</ref>

In other incidents during the tournament [[Jasprit Bumrah]] received an official warning and one demerit point under Article 2.21, while [[Arshdeep Singh]] was cleared of an alleged breach of Article 2.6 (''use of obscene or offensive gestures''), and therefore no sanction was imposed on him.<ref name="ICCrelease"/>

=== Presentation ceremony controversy===

After India defeated Pakistan in the [[2025 Asia Cup final|final]], the presentation ceremony was delayed by more than an hour as the Pakistani team arrived late,<ref>{{cite news |title=IND vs PAK: Why was presentation ceremony after Asia Cup 2025 Final delayed? |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/india-vs-pakistan-asia-cup-2025-final-presentation-ceremony-delayed-reason-controversy/article70106534.ece |access-date=8 October 2025 |work=Sportstar |agency=The Hindu |date=28 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sinha |first1=Pratyush |title=India refuse to collect Asia Cup trophy from Mohsin Naqvi |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/135760/india-refuse-to-collect-asia-cup-trophy-from-mohsin-naqvi-pcb-chairman-acc-president-cricbuzzcom |access-date=8 October 2025 |work=Cricbuzz |date=28 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref> and India refused to accept the winners' trophy and medals from [[Asian Cricket Council]] (ACC) president [[Mohsin Naqvi]], who is also [[Interior Minister of Pakistan|Pakistan's Interior Minister]] and Chairman of the PCB.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.reuters.com/sports/cricket/india-beat-pakistan-final-retain-asia-cup-title-2025-09-28/|title= Winners India refuse Asia Cup trophy from ACC chief|work=Reuters|access-date=28 September 2025}}</ref> When Pakistani captain [[Salman Ali Agha]] was presented with the runners-up cheque of US$75,000 by [[Aminul Islam Bulbul|Aminul Islam]] of the ACC, he flung it to the ground almost instantly, attracting both loud cheers and boos from the crowd still present in the stands.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-29 |title='They are disrespecting cricket': Pak captain Salman Agha flings cheque in frustration after India snubs PCB chief - BusinessToday |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/sports/story/they-are-disrespecting-cricket-pak-captain-salman-agha-flings-cheque-in-frustration-after-india-snubs-pcb-chief-496062-2025-09-29 |access-date=2025-10-03 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 September 2025 |title=Pakistan Captain Salman Ali Agha Gets Booed For Throwing Away Runners-Up Cheque Post Asia Cup Final Loss |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/asia-cup-2025/pakistan-captain-salman-ali-agha-gets-booed-for-throwing-away-runners-up-check-post-final-loss-watch-9361838 |website=NDTV Sports}}</ref>

Despite the Indian team's objection, Naqvi insisted on presenting the trophy and medals to them himself, resulting in an impasse. India were not awarded the trophy and medals during the ceremony, and Naqvi reportedly left the stadium with the trophy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/us/india-thrashes-pakistan-in-asia-cup-2025-final-but-refuses-to-take-trophy-during-postmatch-presentation-heres-why/articleshow/124200357.cms|title= India thrashes Pakistan in Asia Cup 2025 final but refuses to take trophy during presentation ceremony|work=The Economic Times|access-date=28 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/cricket/asia-cup-ends-without-suryakumar-yadav-lifting-trophy-despite-indias-win-9602453.html|title=Asia Cup Ends Without Suryakumar Yadav Lifting Trophy Despite Win|work=News18|access-date=28 September 2025}}</ref> Following this, Indian captain Suryakumar Yadav celebrated the Indian victory by hoisting an 'imaginary trophy' with his team. Later he criticised the handling of the ceremony and said his team had been "denied" the opportunity to lift the trophy.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Suryakumar says champions India 'denied' the trophy after Asia Cup win|url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/cricket/suryakumar-says-champions-india-denied-trophy-after-asia-cup-win-2025-09-29/|work=Reuters|access-date=29 September 2025}}</ref>

BCCI secretary [[Devajit Saikia]] described Naqvi's act of "taking away" the trophy and medals as "unsporting", and announced that the BCCI would protest his actions at the ICC conference in November.<ref>{{cite news |title=Asia Cup {{!}} BCCI secretary Devajit Saikia to Pak board chief Mohsin Naqvi: 'Return trophy and medals as soon as possible' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/bcci-devajit-saikia-mohsin-naqvi-trophy-medal-ind-vs-pak-asia-cup-10277341/ |access-date=2 October 2025 |work=The Indian Express |date=30 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref> On 1 October, three days after the final, Naqvi reiterated his refusal to give the trophy to India unless the team personally collected it from him at the ACC head office in Dubai.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rasool |first1=Danyal |title=India can come and collect Asia Cup trophy if they want it, says ACC chief Mohsin Naqvi |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-can-come-and-collect-asia-cup-trophy-if-they-want-it-says-acc-chief-mohsin-naqvi-1505205 |access-date=2 October 2025 |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=1 October 2025}}</ref>

==Broadcasting==

{| class=wikitable
!Territory
!Rights holder(s)
|-
|Afghanistan
|[[Lemar (TV channel)|Lemar TV]] [[SonyLIV]]
|-
|Bangladesh
|[[T Sports]] [[Nagorik (TV channel)|Nagorik TV]] [[Toffee (streaming service)|Toffee]] Tapmad
|-
|India
|rowspan=2|[[Sony Sports Network|Sony Sports]] [[SonyLIV]]
|-
|Nepal
|-
|Pakistan
|[[PTV Sports]]
|-
|Sri Lanka
|[[TV 1 (Sri Lankan TV channel)|TV 1]]
|-
|Australia
|[[Fox Sports (Australia)|Fox Sports]]
|-
|United Arab Emirates
|rowspan=2|[[Etisalat|Switch TV]] [[Starz#Starzplay|StarzPlay]] [[CricLife]]
|-
|MENA region
|-
|United Kingdom
|[[TNT Sports (United Kingdom)|TNT Sports]]
|-
|United States
|rowspan=2|[[Willow (TV channel)|Willow TV]]
|-
|Canada
|-
|Caribbean
|rowspan=2|[[SonyLIV]]
|-
|Sub-Saharan Africa
|}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/men-s-t20-asia-cup-2025-1496919 Tournament home at ESPNcricinfo]

{{Asia Cup|state=collapsed}}
{{International cricket in 2025–26|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Asia Cup]]
[[Category:2025 in Emirati cricket|Asia Cup]]
[[Category:September 2025 sports events in the United Arab Emirates|Asia Cup]]

Brijendra Singh (Haryana politician)

2026-04-29T15:35:44Z

DexterEdmonson0: Made The Biography With Sources

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| constituency = [[Hisar Lok Sabha constituency|Hisar]]
| term_start = 23 May 2019
| term_end = 4 June 2024
| predecessor = [[Dushyant Chautala]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1972|5|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Rohtak]], [[Haryana]], [[India]]
| father = [[Birender Singh (politician, born 1946)|Birender Singh]]
| mother = [[Premlata Singh]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]] (2024- Present)
| other_party = [[Bhartiya Janta Party]] (till 2024)
| image = Brijendra Singh.jpg
| caption = Brijendra Singh in 2024
| successor = [[Jai Parkash]]
}}

'''Brijendra Singh''' (born 13 May 1972) is an Indian politician and former Member of Parliament from [[Hisar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hisar]] parliamentary constituency. He is a member of the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian National Congress |url=https://inc.in/media/press-releases/bjp-mp-from-hisar-brijendra-singh-joins-congress-citing-reasons-like-farmers-and-wrestlers-protest |access-date=2025-02-11 |website=Indian National Congress |language=en}}</ref> He is a former [[Indian Administrative Service]] officer of the [[Haryana]] cadre from the batch of 1998.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BJP Hisar MP Brijendra Singh quits party, joins Congress ahead of Lok Sabha elections |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/haryana/bjp-mp-brijendra-singh-resigns-from-primary-membership-of-party-due-to-compelling-political-reasons-2930103 |access-date=2025-02-11 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Singh contested the [[2019 Indian general election|2019 Indian General Election]] from Hisar as a [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)]] candidate and was elected to the [[17th Lok Sabha]]. He secured 51.1% of the vote share and won by a margin of 3,14,068 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes PC: Hisar 2019 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/lok-sabha-details/2019/haryana/hisar/9692/31/17 |access-date=2025-02-11 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>

As a Member of Parliament, he was a Member of the [[Public Accounts Committee (India)]], [[Standing Committee on Defence (India)]], Consultative Committee, Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Committee on Rules, Committee on Petitions, the Joint Committee on the Biological Diversity (Amendment) Bill, 2021, and the Joint Committee on the Multi-State Co-operative Societies (Amendment) Bill.<ref>{{cite web |title=Members : Lok Sabha |url=https://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=5028}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Public Accounts |url=https://prsindia.org/parliamentary-committees/public-accounts}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Committee : Loksabha |url=https://loksabhaph.nic.in/Committee/CommitteeInformation.aspx?comm_code=74&tab=5}}</ref>

He was among the few members of the BJP who extended support to the [[2023 Indian wrestlers' protest|Indian wrestlers' protest]] in 2023, while serving as Member of Parliament.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hisar BJP MP Brijendra Singh backs protesting wrestlers |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/hisar-bjp-mp-backs-wrestlers-505835/ |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

He resigned from the primary membership of the BJP on 10 March 2024 citing 'compelling political reasons' and joined the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] party.<ref name="Haryana BJP MP Brijendra Singh resigns from party, joins Congress">{{cite news |last1=The Times of India |title=Haryana BJP MP Brijendra Singh resigns from party, joins Congress |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/haryana-bjp-mp-brijendra-singh-resigns-from-party-likely-to-join-congress/articleshow/108364280.cms |access-date=11 March 2024 |date=10 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311045946/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/haryana-bjp-mp-brijendra-singh-resigns-from-party-likely-to-join-congress/articleshow/108364280.cms |archive-date=11 March 2024}}</ref> He contested the [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Uchana Kalan Assembly constituency|Uchana Kalan]] constituency, and lost by a margin of 32 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-10 |title=32 votes and 12 Independents: How Haryana's closest battle played out, was won by BJP |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/haryanas-closest-battle-bjp-uchana-kalan-9612944/ |access-date=2025-02-11 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

He was appointed as the Vice-Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Department of the [[All India Congress Committee]] in August 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-21 |title=Brijendra Singh appointed vice-chairman of Congress Foreign Affairs department |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/brijendra-singh-appointed-vice-chairman-of-congress-foreign-affairs-department-10201502/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

On 5 October 2025, he began a state-wide [[padayatra]] in Haryana, [[Sadbhav Yatra]]. He described the aims of the Yatra as strengthening brotherhood, raising awareness about state and national issues, and unifying Congress workers and leaders. Sadbhav Yatra is inspired by [[Rahul Gandhi|Rahul Gandhi's]] [[Bharat Jodo Yatra]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bureau |first=The Hindu |date=2025-10-05 |title=Haryana Congress leader Brijendra Singh embarks on Sadbhav Yatra” to revive social harmony against BJP's divisive politics |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/haryana/haryana-congress-leader-brijendra-singh-embarks-on-sadbhav-yatra-to-revive-social-harmony-against-bjps-divisive-politics/article70128618.ece |access-date=2025-10-06 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Education ==
Singh was educated at [[Modern School (New Delhi)|Modern School, Barakhamba Road]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Famous Alumni |url=https://modernschool.net/famous-alumni/ |access-date=2025-02-11 |website=Modern School |language=en-US}}</ref> He completed his BA (Honours) History from [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]] in 1992. He went on to pursue MA in Modern History from [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]]. He also holds an MSc in Public Policy and Management from [[King's College London]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brijendra Singh {{!}} National Portal of India|url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/indian-parliament/brijendra-singh|access-date=2021-07-04|website=www.india.gov.in}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Singh's native village is Dumerkha Kalan near Uchana in [[Jind]] district, Haryana. He is from the [[Jat people|Jat]] community. He is the son of former Union Minister [[Birender Singh (politician, born 1946)|Birender Singh]].<ref>{{citation |title=Hisar Election Results 2019 Live Updates (Hissar): Brijendra Singh of BJP Wins |date=23 May 2019 |work=[[News18]] |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/hisar-election-results-2019-live-updates-hissar-winner-loser-leading-trailing-2153215.html}}</ref> His great-grandfather, [[Chhotu Ram|Sir Chhotu Ram]], was an iconic peasant leader in pre-Partition [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Heir to Chhotu Ram's legacy |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/haryana/heir-to-chhotu-ram-s-legacy-758404/ |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref> Singh's mother, [[Premlata Singh]], was a Member of the Legislative Assembly in Haryana representing Uchana Kalan constituency, which was previously held by his father.

He married Jasmeet Sial in 1999. They have two children.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Digital Sansad |url=https://dspstg.sansad.in/ls/members/biographyM/5028?from=members }}</ref>

== Administrative career ==
Singh held All India Rank 9 in the [[Civil Services Examination (India)|Civil Services Examination]] in the batch of 1998. He took voluntary retirement from the Indian Administrative Service after serving in Haryana for 21 years.<ref>[https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/steel-minister-birendra-singh-resigns/article26834570.ece Steel Minister Birendra Singh resigns]</ref><ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/birender-singh-offers-to-resign-from-cabinet-rajya-sabha/article26834607.ece Birender Singh offers to resign from Cabinet, Rajya Sabha]</ref>

During his career, he served as the Deputy Commissioner of [[Faridabad]] and [[Chandigarh]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-07-24 |title=Brijendra Singh likely to be new DC |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/brijendra-singh-likely-to-be-new-dc/articleshow/4813483.cms |access-date=2025-02-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Before retiring from service, his last posting was Managing Director of Haryana State Co-operative Supply and Marketing Federation Limited (HAFED), the apex co-operative federation in Haryana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brijendra Singh |url=https://epic.uchicago.in/people/brijendra-singh/ |access-date=2025-02-11 |website=EPIC-India |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Brijendra}}
[[Category:India MPs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Haryana]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Haryana]]
[[Category:People from Jind]]
[[Category:St. Stephen's College, Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Modern School (New Delhi) alumni]]
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Haryana]]

Buddhavanam

2026-04-24T01:37:13Z

DexterEdmonson0: Made Basic Data First Draft

{{Short description|Buddhist theme park in Nagarjuna Sagar, Telangana, India}}
{{multiple issues|
{{notability|Geo|date=October 2014}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2023}}
}}
{{Infobox park
|name =Buddhavanam
|alt_name =

|photo =011 Approach to Maha Stupa.jpg
|photo_width = 200
|photo_caption = Approach to Maha Stupa
|photo_alt =
|map = India Telangana
|map_width =
|map_caption = Location in Telangana
|map_alt =

|coords = {{coord|16|34|32|N|79|18|42|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| type = [[theme park]]
| location = [[Nagarjuna Sagar Dam|Nagarjuna Sagar]], [[Telangana]], [[India]]
| area = 22 acre
|operator = [[Telangana Tourism Development Corporation]]
| budget=
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| visitation_ref =
| status =Active
| awards =
| open = perennial open
| camp_sites =
| hiking_trails =
| plants =
| species =
| collections =

}}

'''Buddhavanam''' is a tourism project in [[Nagarjuna Sagar Dam|Nagarjuna Sagar]], [[Telangana]] created by the [[Telangana Tourism Development Corporation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/propagation-of-buddhism-in-state-matter-of-pride-for-all-kcr-on-buddha-jayanthi/articleshow/100025399.cms|title=Propagation of Buddhism in Telangana matter of pride for all: K Chandrasekhar Rao on Buddha Jayanthi}}</ref> The project was sanctioned by the [[Government of India]] viz., Integrated Development of Nagarjunasagar as part of Lower [[Krishna River|Krishna]] valley Buddhist circuit with a view to attract large number of domestic and foreign tourists particularly from the South-East Asian countries.

==About==
{{unreferenced section|date= March 2025}}
The areas around the Nagarjuna Sagar a reservoir formed due to the construction of the dam across the river Krishna was known as Nagarjuna Konda or Sriparvata - Vijayapuri, once served as capital city of the Ikshvaku dynasty, which ruled Andhradesa during the 3rd and 4th centuries A.D. Nagarjuna Konda was named after the famous Buddhist scholar and Madhyamika philosopher Acharaya Nagarjuna. Nagarjunakonda was a centre of Mahayana Buddhism, where many of the Buddhist sects had their monasteries, shrines and Stupas built to propagate the Dhamma.

Excavation conducted at Nagarjunakonda between 1954 and 1960 have revealed the existence of a Maha Stupa, Votive Stupas, Chaityas, Silamandapas and a good number of Buddhist sculptural panels and antiquities. The structures exposed also included a palace complex and a few Brahmanical temples built of bricks. The sculptural panels were depicted with the major events of the life of the Buddha and Jataka stories. As these vestiges were threatened for the submergence in the Nagarjunasagar reservoir, most of the structures were reconstructed on the Nagarjunakonda Island and at Anupu, a ferry point on the right bank of the river Krishna. The antiques including the holy relics of the Buddha recovered are displayed in the island museum for the benefit of the visitors.

==Features==
{{unreferenced section|date= March 2025}}
The [[Telangana Tourism Development Corporation]] has acquired an extent of 279 acres of land on the northern bank of the river Krishna at Nagarjuna Sagar for Sriparvatarama (Buddhavanam) a Buddhist Theme Park.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/travel/travel-buzz/story/did-you-know-telangana-is-now-home-to-a-27-feet-buddha-statue-sri-lanka-china-sriparvatarama-travel-india-325057-2016-05-23|title=Did you know? Telangana is now home to a 27-foot Buddha statue!}}</ref>

===Entrance plaza===
{{unreferenced section|date= March 2025}}
The entrance plaza of Sriparvatarama is a square having eight quadrants with four openings. All the quadrants are embellished with panels with relief sculpture depicting Asthamangala (eight auspicious) symbols, Buddha in animals, birds, bodhi tree and Mithunas (amorous couples); the central themes include Buddhapada, pillar of, carrying the crown (hair) of Siddhartha, Naga Muchlinda. Worship of holy relic and Siddhartha carrying a mighty bow.

At the centre of the plaza stands on octagonal basement an octagonal column carrying the Dharma Chakra whose 24 spokes depict different virtues. Dharmachakra is Ashoka's contribution to the Buddhist art. At the base of the pillar on all the four sides are half-lotus medallions are carved.

===Buddhacharita vanam (Life of the Buddha )===
{{unreferenced section|date= March 2025}}
Major events from the life of the Buddha are displayed in Buddhacharita Vanam - the birth of the Siddhartha in Lumbini, Maha parinirvana or the Great Departure of Siddhartha, Sambodhi or Enlightenment, Dharmachakra pravartana or the turning of the wheel of the Dharma or preaching the first sermon and The Great Extinction or Mahaparinirvana. Buddhapada with asthamangala symbols carved in green limestone is also displayed at the entrance of the park. All the five major events are represented in free-standing bronzes.

The legend surrounding the birth of Siddhartha depicts Mayadevi under the sal tree and the just born Siddhartha taking seven steps and declaring that this is his last birth! Mahabhinishkramana (Great Departure) depicts Siddhartha leaving the palace on the back of his horse, Kantaka. The sculpture of Samyak Sambodhi depicts the enlightenment of Siddhartha and his transformation into a Buddha. The Buddha is seated in dhyana mudra under the Bodhi (Pipal) tree at Buddhadhgaya. The Sculpture Dharmachakra Parvartana depicts Buddha seated in the deer park preaching the first sermon to the Pancha Vargiya Bhikkhus, the five seekers who were earlier associated with Sidhhartha in spiritual pursuit. The Sculpture of Mahaparinirvana depicts the Great Extinction of the Buddha. Buddha is seen in a reclining posture keeping his head on the right hand. The pedestal is depicted with the scenes of Subaddha (Last Disciple), the coffin, monks and the common folk of Kusinara where the event took place.

===Maha Stupa===
{{unreferenced section|date= March 2025}}
(Recreation of [[Amaravati Stupa]])
[[File:027 Maha Stupa During Sunset.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Maha Stupa]]
At the core of Sriparvata Arama project, is a stupa built according to the dimensions and architecture of the original Amararama Stupa which was the biggest stupa in [[Dakshinapatha]] or [[South India]].

The stupa has a Vedika (drum), Dome and a Harmika on its top. Ayaka Platforms are built on four cardinal sides of the stupa on which stand the five Ayaka pillars corresponding to the five important events in the life of the Buddha. The ornate wall of the Mahastupa vedika is intricately carved with the scenes from Buddha's life and ministry and important kings of the period. The upper level dome portion is encased with sculptural panels depicting the Theravada Buddhist symbols like the Stupa, the throne, Bodhi tree, pillar of fire and Jataka stories; the events from the life of the Buddha are sculpted in a chronological order. On the ground floor of the stupa are a museum of Buddhist Heritage with Buddhist antiquities and 100 year old, copies of Ajanta frescoes, an amphitheatre and interpretation centre.

Artmorf is entrusted to sculpt the various relief panels in its original scale recreating its full glory. Sandstone reliefs will be individually crafted and veneered on the stupa exterior. On its completion the sculpture project will surpass most religious structures in the number of human figures carved in sandstone onto a single project.

===Jataka park===
{{unreferenced section|date= March 2025}}
[[File:015 Mahahamsa Jataka.jpg|thumb|180px|left|Mahahamsa Jataka relief]]
According to Buddhist belief, Bodhisattva goes through several lives practicing ten paramis or perfections before he is finally born as Siddhartha, attains enlightenment and becomes a Buddha. These stories about the previous births of Bodhisattva are illustrated in 547 jatakas. The Buddha himself referred to the jatakas while giving sermons at Shravasti, Vaishali, Rajagriha and other places of his ministry. The practice of ten perfections (dasaparamita) required for the Buddhahood are exalted in the jataka stories. The perfections are Generosity (Dana), Virtue (Sila), Patience (kshanti), Courage (Virya) Concentration (Dhyana), Wisdom (Prajna), Renunciation (tyaga), Truth (satya), Loving kindness (karuna) and Equanimity (samata). Also described in the well known Maha Hamsa Jataka Story is the principle of right governance or dasa rajadharma. The jataka stories exemplified by the lives of the Bodhisattva provide guidance to practicing Buddhists in everyday living.

Jataka stories have been an integral part of Buddhist Culture. It is customary for practicing Buddhists to listen to the monks narrating the Jataka stories on full-moon days. They are very popular in [[India]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Myanmar|Burma]], [[Nepal]] and [[Cambodia]] and other Buddhist countries.

40 Selected Jataka stories have been carved in high relief onto warm sandstone by [https://web.archive.org/web/20190827095009/https://artmorf.com/ artmorf] sculptors. The relief sculptures narrate stories of the previous births of the Buddha. In India, [[Jataka tales]] are portrayed in Gandhara, Mathura and Amaravati schools of Art. The 40 Jataka stories are selected from various Buddhist sites such as Amaravati, Sriparvata (Nagarjuni konda), Goli, Phanigiri and other sites.

The Jatakas illustrated in the park, include Dipankara, Kattahari, Matakabatta, Nalapana, Vanarindha, Rsya Sringa, Sasa, Ahigundika, Dighitkosala, Kalinga, Ghata Panditha, Kunala, Kakati, Mahapaduma, Maha Hamsa, Sibi, Matanga, Sankhapala, Mahasuttasoma, Vidurapanditha, Nigrodhamiga, Chaddanta, Kurma Avadana, [[King Mandhata|Mandhata]], Mahakapi, Champeya, Syama, Maha Ummagga, Ashwamukhi, Dasaratha, Kavikumara, Suvarna Prabhasa (Mora), Losaka, Matsya, Kurungamirga, Mahisa, Timingala, Hasti, Simhalavadana and Vessantara.

===Stupa vanam (miniature Stupa park)===
{{unreferenced section|date= March 2025}}
The segment called Stupa vanam displays miniature stupas (replicas) from the Buddhist sites of India and South-East Asian countries. The stupas evolved from the style of the old funeral mounds of India and influenced the architecture of the domes of West Asia, particularly Persia. While the Indian Stupas are ''{{lang|sa-Latn|budbudha}}'' or bubble-shaped, they evolved in different architectural styles in other Buddhist countries.

An attempt is made to present the replicas of the stupas of different parts of India - Sanchi, Sarnath, Ajanta, Karle and Manikyala and other countries. Replicas of the stupas from Top Darra (North western Frontier), Mirpur-Khas (Pakistan), Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka), Phra Pathom Chedi (Thailand), Chorten (Tibet), Boudhanath (Nepal), Shwedagon (Myanmar) and Pagoda (China) are built in their styles of architecture for the benefit of the visitors. This park is still developing and it is yet to create replicas of great monuments like the Borobodur of Indonesia, Japan etc.

===Avukana Buddha statue===
{{unreferenced section|date= March 2025}}
The [[Government of Sri Lanka]], Ministry of Culture and Buddha Sasana has donated a replica of the original granite Buddha statue located in Avukana village near Kekirawa in North central Sri Lanka carved in the 5th century A.D when king Dhatusena was ruling. The statue is cast in ferro-cement(?). Sri Lanka monks have built and installed the statue here at Sriparvatarama. It is a standing Buddha statue in Abhaya mudra and the closely worn robe is elaborately shown. The buddha's body is straight and the left hand holds the robe at the left shoulder. The right hand is raised above the right shoulder, with the palm facing left. [[Avukana Buddha statue|Avukana Buddha Statue]] is perhaps the best example of a standing Buddha statues which are mostly found in South India.

==See also==
*[[Nagarjunakonda]]
{{Commons}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{URL|http://www.Buddhavanam.org}}
*{{URL|http://www.Buddhavanam.co}}

[[Category:Tourism in Telangana]]
[[Category:Buddhism in India]]
[[Category:Year of establishment missing]]

Mahendra Bohra

2026-04-23T07:40:11Z

DexterEdmonson0: creating new stub

{{Short description|Indian producer (1946–2026)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
[[Image:Mahendra Bohra.jpg|thumb|Bohra on the sets of ''Takkar'']]
'''Mahendra Ramkumar Bohra''' (3 July 1946 – 2 March 2026) was an Indian [[Bollywood]] producer.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Chauhan |first=Manisha |date=2026-03-04 |title=Who Was Mahendra Bohra? Karanvir Bohra’s Father and Bollywood Producer Dies; Know His Career, Movies, Net Worth |url=https://www.newsx.com/photos/who-was-mahendra-bohra-karanvir-bohras-father-and-bollywood-producer-dies-know-his-career-movies-net-worth-176866/ |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=NewsX |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Bohra was born in [[Jodhpur]], Rajputana (now Rajasthan) on 2 July 1946, into a [[Marwari people|Marwari]] family. He was the son of popular filmmaker [[Ramkumar Bohra|Ramkuma Bohra]]. He had a daughter Meenakshi and a son Karanvir.<ref name=":0" />

== Death ==
Bohra died on 2 March 2026, at the age of 79. His son, actor [[Karanvir Bohra]], shared the news of his father's death in a social media post.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-03-04 |title=Karanvir Bohra’s father, veteran producer Mahendra Bohra, passes away; actor shares emotional note |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/karanvir-bohras-father-veteran-producer-mahendra-bohra-passes-away-actor-shares-emotional-note/articleshow/129012190.cms |access-date=2026-03-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-04 |title=Karanvir Bohra’s moving tribute to late father, producer Mahendra: Papa meri jaan |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/television/story/karanvir-bohra-moving-tribute-to-late-father-producer-mahendra-bohra-papa-meri-jaan-2877314-2026-03-04 |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=डेस्क |first=एबीपी माझा एंटरटेनमेंट |date=2026-03-04 |title=प्रसिद्ध अभिनेत्यावर दु:खाचा डोंगर; वडिलांचे निधन, बॉलिवूडचे होते दिग्गज प्रॉड्युसर |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/karanvir-bohras-father-mahendra-bohra-passes-away-actor-shares-emotional-tribute-1414985 |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=ABP Majha |language=mr}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Film
|-
| 1975 || ''Saraswati Lakshmi Parvati''
|-
| 1990 || ''[[Tejaa]]''
|-
| 1992 || ''Veera Velo Aavje''
|-
| 1995 || ''[[Takkar (1995 film)|Takkar]]''
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Hume Tumse Pyaar Kitna]]''
|-
| 2022 || ''My Pink Shoes''
|-
| 2023 || ''Gopala''
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|1513377}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bohra, Mahendra}}
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:2026 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian producers]]
[[Category:People from Jodhpur]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]

{{India-film-producer-stub}}

Fly91

2026-04-20T06:07:02Z

DexterEdmonson0: Made Initial Entry From Scratch

{{Short description|Indian low-cost regional airline}}{{Infobox airline
| airline = FLY91
| logo = Fly91_Logo.svg
| image = Fly91 atr 72-600.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Fly91 ATR-72-600
| IATA = IC<ref name="HT">{{cite news|last=Joshi|first=Ameya|title=Proving flights: What FLY91 and other new airlines must do to get a flying permit|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/fly91-becomes-latest-airline-to-start-operations-but-can-it-soar-101709373492226.html|work=The Hindustan Times|quote=The airline has chosen “IC” as its code, which like its planes have a history in India. IC was the IATA code for Indian Airlines which operated from 1953 until 2011 when it was merged with Air India.|date=2 March 2024|access-date=12 March 2024|language=en}}</ref>
| ICAO = GOA<ref name="FAA">{{Cite web |url=https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/cnt_html/chap3_section_1.html |title=Aircraft Company/Telephony/Three−Letter Designator Encode |website=www.faa.gov}}</ref>
| callsign = GOAN<ref name="FAA" />
| founded = {{start date and age|2023|01|09|df=y|p=n|br=n}}<ref name="ANI">{{cite news|title=Convergent Finance LLP and Manoj Chacko to co-found pure-play regional airline branded Fly91|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/business/convergent-finance-llp-and-manoj-chacko-to-co-found-pure-play-regional-airline-branded-fly9120230109103148/|quote=Convergent Finance LLP ("Convergent"), in collaboration with Manoj Chacko leading an experienced team, announces the formation of 'Fly91', a pure-play domestic regional airline.|work=ANI News|date=9 January 2023|access-date=14 March 2024|language=en}}</ref><ref name="TW">{{cite news|last=Kelkar|first=Nachiket|title=Fly91, new airline promoted by former Kingfisher Airlines exec, plans to take off by Dec 2023|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2023/01/09/fly91-new-airline-promoted-by-former-kingfisher-airlines-exec-plans-to-take-off-by-dec-2023.html|work=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]|date=9 January 2023|access-date=12 March 2024|language=en}}</ref>
| commenced = {{start date and age|2024|03|18|df=y|p=n|br=n}}<ref name="TIE">{{cite news|title=New airline enters Indian aviation sector: FLY91 begins commercial operations from Goa|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/aviation/new-airline-enters-indian-aviation-sector-fly91-begins-commercial-operations-goa-9220561/|work=The Indian Express|date=18 March 2024|access-date=19 April 2024|language=en}}</ref>
| ceased =
| bases = {{nowrap|[[Manohar International Airport]] ([[Goa]])}}
| frequent_flyer =
| subsidiaries =
| fleet_size = 6<ref name="ATR-72">{{cite news|title=FLY91 Leases Two ATR 72-600 Aircraft from DAE to Expand Regional Network|url=https://scanx.trade/stock-market-news/stocks/fly91-leases-two-atr-72-600-aircraft-from-dae-to-expand-regional-network/29150722}}</ref>
| destinations = 12<ref name="F91">{{cite web|title=Flight Schedule|url= https://m.economictimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/fly91-to-expand-network-to-12-cities-add-30000-seats-per-month/amp_articleshow/130002107.cms}}</ref>
| parent = Just Udo Aviation Pvt. Ltd.<ref name="JUAPL">{{cite web|title=OVERVIEW - JUST UDO AVIATION PRIVATE LIMITED|url=https://www.tofler.in/just-udo-aviation-private-limited/company/U74999MH2021PTC373031|website=Tofler|access-date=14 March 2024}}</ref>
| headquarters = Alcon House, Kadamba Plateau Road, [[Ribandar]], North Goa district, Goa, India<ref name="CU">{{cite web|title=Contact us|url=https://fly91.in/contact-us|website=Fly91|access-date=12 March 2024}}</ref>
| key_people = {{ubl|Harsha Raghavan, (Chairman, founder)|Manoj Chacko (MD, [[Chief executive officer|CEO]])<ref name="LT">{{cite web|title=Leadership team|url=https://fly91.in/leadership-team|website=Fly91|access-date=12 March 2024}}</ref>}}
| num_employees = 200<ref name="THBL">{{cite news|title=FLY91 to launch on Monday with Goa-Bengaluru flight|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/fly91-to-launch-on-monday-with-goa-bengaluru-flight/article67942029.ece|work=The Hindu BusinessLine|quote=We have 200 employees and will recruit 25 employees for every additional aircraft,” Chacko said.|date=12 March 2024|access-date=12 March 2024|language=en}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|https://fly91.in/}}
| notes =
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
'''Just Udo Aviation Private Limited''',<ref name="JUAPL" /> doing business as '''Fly91''' (stylised as '''FLY91'''),<ref name="ANI" /><ref name="CAPA">{{cite web|title=Fly91 Airline Profile|url=https://centreforaviation.com/data/profiles/airlines/fly91|website=CAPA|access-date=12 March 2024}}</ref> is an [[List of airlines of India|Indian]] [[Low-cost airline|low-cost]] [[regional airline]] headquartered in [[Ribandar]], Goa, India. It operates from its base at [[Manohar International Airport]] in [[Mopa, Goa|Mopa]], North Goa district, with a fleet of three [[ATR 72|ATR-72]] aircraft, to [[Classification of Indian cities#Population-based classification|tier-2 and 3 cities of India]].<ref name="IT">{{cite news|last=Saha|first=Poulomi|title=We want to be a last mile carrier: Fly91 CEO Manoj Chacko after aviation ministry's nod – Exclusive|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/business/story/exclusive-fly91-goa-based-regional-carrier-manoj-chacko-exclusive-after-aviation-ministry-noc-2364962-2023-04-26|work=India Today|date=26 April 2023|access-date=13 March 2024|language=en}}</ref> It was founded in January 2023 by former aviation veterans involved in [[Kingfisher Airlines]], Harsha Raghavan and Manoj Chacko. It began commercial operations from 18 March 2024 to [[Sindhudurg Airport|Sindhudurg]], [[Kempegowda International Airport|Bangalore]] and [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport|Hyderabad]] from its base at Goa with flights to [[Agatti Airport|Lakshadweep]], [[Jalgaon]] and other regional cities from April 2024 onwards.<ref name="LT" /><ref name="TH">{{cite news|title=Fly91 announces commencement of flight operations from March 18|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/fly91-announces-commencement-of-flight-operations-from-march-18/article67942242.ece|work=The Hindu|date=12 March 2024|access-date=12 March 2024|language=en}}</ref><ref name="TBM">{{cite news|title=FLY91 Launches Inaugural Flights from Goa to Agatti and Jalgaon|url=https://travelbizmonitor.com/fly91-launches-inaugural-flights-from-goa-to-agatti-and-jalgaon/|work=Travel Biz Monitor|date=19 April 2024|access-date=19 April 2024|language=en}}</ref>

==History==
The airline was founded on 9 January 2023 by former aviation veterans, Harsha Raghavan, who was the former head of [[Fairfax Financial#Other investments|Fairfax India]], and Manoj Chacko, who was the former vice-executive of [[Mumbai]]-based [[WNS Global Services]]. They were also a part of [[Kingfisher Airlines]] that ceased operations in October 2012 due to bankruptcy.<ref name="ANI"/><ref name="TW">{{cite news|last=Kelkar|first=Nachiket|title=Fly91, new airline promoted by former Kingfisher Airlines exec, plans to take off by Dec 2023|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2023/01/09/fly91-new-airline-promoted-by-former-kingfisher-airlines-exec-plans-to-take-off-by-dec-2023.html|work=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]|date=9 January 2023|access-date=12 March 2024|language=en}}</ref> Before announcing the formation of the airline, on 8 December 2021, Harsha Raghavan, the company's as well as the current founder and chairman of the airline, who also created Convergent Finance LLP in 2018, in collaboration with Manoj Chacko's WNS Global Services, incorporated the companies to form 'Just Udo Aviation Private Limited'. They set up its headquarters at [[Ribandar]] near the capital of [[Goa]], [[Panaji]], and its registered office in Mumbai.<ref name="JUAPL"/> It made its base at [[Manohar International Airport]] at [[Mopa, Goa|Mopa]] in [[North Goa district]], to promote and facilitate [[Tourism in Goa|tourism in the state]].<ref name="TW"/><ref name="LT"/><ref name="CU"/> The airline applied to the [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Ministry of Civil Aviation]] for the [[No Objection Certificate]] (NOC) to launch scheduled domestic services in the same month. The Ministry of Civil Aviation granted the NOC to the airline in April 2023.<ref>{{cite news|title=Fly91 gets Ministry of Civil Aviation's no objection certificate to start flights|url=https://www.zeebiz.com/economy-infra/aviation/news-fly91-gets-ministry-of-civil-aviations-no-objection-certificate-to-start-flights-232422|work=Zee Business|date=26 April 2023|access-date=13 March 2024|language=en}}</ref> The airline is headed with an initial {{INRConvert|200|c}} investment.<ref name="TBM2">{{cite news|title=New regional airline 'Fly91' to take wings with initial investment of INR 200cr|url=https://travelbizmonitor.com/new-regional-airline-fly91-to-take-wings-with-initial-investment-of-inr-200cr/|work=Travel Biz Monitor|date=10 January 2023|access-date=13 March 2024|language=en}}</ref> In June 2023, the airline revealed its logo and [[Aircraft livery|livery]], based on the scenic and natural environment of Goa, and planned to begin operations by the end of 2023.{{citation needed|date=June 2024}} On 26 July 2023, the airline, along with numerous others, received slots from the Ministry of Civil Aviation to begin flights under the [[Government of India|government's]] [[UDAN|UDAN Scheme]] to regional destinations, like [[Jalgaon]], [[Kolhapur]], [[Solapur]], [[Nanded]], [[Sindhudurg]], [[Lakshadweep]] and bigger cities like [[Hyderabad]], [[Pune]] and [[Bengaluru]].<ref name="TET">{{cite news|title=Newest airline FLY91 gets routes under UDAN scheme|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/fly91-gets-udan-routes/articleshow/102114841.cms|work=The Economic Times|date=26 July 2023|access-date=13 March 2024|language=en}}</ref><ref name="IT"/>
The airline received its first aircraft, an [[ATR 72|ATR-72]], on 30 January 2024. The second aircraft was delivered on 28 February 2024.<ref name="ATR-72"/> The airline began proving flights from its base at Manohar International Airport to [[Kempegowda International Airport|Bengaluru]] with its aircraft on 2 March 2024 to get the [[Air operator's certificate|Air Operator's Certificate]] (AOC), which is necessary for an airline to begin commercial operations.{{citation needed|date=June 2024}} It adopted the [[Airline codes#IATA airline designator|IATA code]] "IC", which was the code for [[Indian Airlines]] that closed down in 2011.<ref name="HT"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Fly91: Malayali's airline company to start service soon|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/travel/travel-news/2024/02/29/fly-91-airline-company-manoj-chacko-thrissur-test-flying-successful.html|work=[[Onmanorama]]|date=21 January 2023|access-date=18 February 2024|language=en}}</ref> On 6 March 2024, the AOC was granted to it by the [[Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India)|Directorate General of Civil Aviation]] (DGCA).<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mujawar|first1=Madeeha|last2=Anand|first2=Daanish|title=Fly91 gets AOC, gears up to start commercial operations|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/aviation/dgca-grants-air-operator-certificate-aoc-to-fly91-new-regional-airline-19215221.htm|work=CNBC TV18|date=6 March 2024|access-date=13 March 2024|language=en}}</ref> On 12 March 2024, after the first inaugural flight service with passengers from Goa to Lakshadweep was operated by the airline, it announced that it will begin regular flights from its base at [[Manohar International Airport]], [[Goa]] and [[Sindhudurg Airport|Sindhudurg]] to Bengaluru and [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport|Hyderabad]] from 18 March 2024.<ref name="LM">{{cite news|last=Upadhyay|first=Deepak|title=Goa-based FLY91 takes off for Lakshadweep on inaugural flight, commercial services to start from THIS date|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/goabased-fly91-takes-off-for-lakshadweep-on-inaugural-flight-commercial-services-to-start-from-this-date-11710242453120.html|work=Mint|date=21 January 2023|access-date=18 February 2024|language=en}}</ref><ref name="TH"/> Hence, it began operations on the routes on 18 March, and added [[Agatti Airport|Lakshadweep]] and [[Jalgaon Airport|Jalgaon]] to its destinations from 18 April 2024.<ref name="AGX">{{cite news|title=Goa gets direct connection to Lakshadweep's Agatti|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/goa-gets-direct-connection-to-lakshadweeps-agatti/articleshow/109226438.cms|work=The Times of India|date=12 April 2024|access-date=19 April 2024|language=en}}</ref><ref name="TBM"/>

==Corporate affairs==
Fly91, stylised as FLY91, is the brand name for Just Udo Aviation Private Limited.<ref>{{cite web|title=FLY91 – Bharat Unbound|url=https://fly91.in/|website=Fly91|access-date=13 March 2024}}</ref><ref name="JUAPL"/> The company is headquartered in [[Ribandar]] near [[Panaji]] in [[South Goa district]], [[Goa]], [[India]], has its registered office in [[Mumbai]] and has its operating base at [[Manohar International Airport]] in [[Mopa, Goa|Mopa]], [[North Goa district]].<ref name="CU"/> Its chairman and founder is Harsha Raghavan and its [[Director (business)|MD]] and [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] is Manoj Chacko.<ref name="LT"/> The airline has been funded with {{INRConvert|200|c}} equity to begin operations.<ref name="TBM2"/> As of April 2024, the airline has 200 employees, and will recruit 25 employees for every aircraft upon deliveries, thereby taking the overall number to 350 employees by the end of 2024. It currently has two leased [[ATR 72|ATR-72]] aircraft, and will have a total of six aircraft by the end of 2024.<ref>{{cite news|title=FLY91 set to transform regional air travel, expects to have 350 staff in first year of operations|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/airlines-aviation-fly91-set-to-transform-regional-air-travel-expects-to-have-350-staff-in-first-year-of-operations-3427770/|work=The Financial Express|date=17 March 2024|access-date=19 April 2024|language=en}}</ref><ref name="CHA">{{cite web|url=https://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/airline/F91|title=Fly91|website=ch-aviation|access-date=19 April 2024}}</ref><ref name="THBL"/>

===Logo and livery===
[[File:Overhaul.jpg|thumb|[[ATR 72|ATR-72]] Belonging to FLY91 ]]
The airline's logo and livery feature pastel blue and yellow colours, which are inspired by the scenic, peaceful and serene environment of the [[Arabian Sea]], the beaches of [[Goa]] and the [[Western Ghats]]. Its tagline ''Bharat Unbound'' is shown on the rear side of the [[fuselage]], giving a description of the airline's focus on connectivity, tourism and punctuality. The livery also features a black cockpit mask surrounding the windows of the cockpit's exterior, which airlines like [[Air Canada]] use to enhance the look of their aircraft. On the tail, the airline's name is featured in white captions in a pastel blue surface. The name "Fly91" comes from [[List of country calling codes|India's country dialling code]] "+91".<ref>{{cite news|last=Aashu|title=Indian startup airline Fly91 reveals its livery|url=https://timesofaviation.com/indian-startup-airline-fly91-reveals-its-livery/|work=Times of Aviation|date=10 August 2023|access-date=12 March 2024|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>

==Destinations==
The airline began operations from 18 March 2024 from its base at [[Manohar International Airport]] in [[Mopa, Goa]]. As of May 2024, it operates to the following destinations:<ref name="TFE">{{cite news|title=Regional airline FLY91 to start commercial flights from March 18 – Details inside|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/airlines-aviation-regional-airline-fly91-to-start-commercial-flights-from-march-18-details-inside-3422548/|work=The Financial Express|date=12 March 2024|access-date=12 March 2024|language=en}}</ref><ref name="F91"/>
[[File:Destination States served By FLY91.png|thumb|Destination States served By FLY91]]
{|class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! State
! City
! Airport
! class="unsortable"|Notes
! class="unsortable"|Ref
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|[[Rajahmundry]]
|[[Rajahmundry Airport]]
| align="center" |
|
|-
|[[Vijayawada]]
|[[Vijayawada International Airport]]
|
|
|-
|[[Goa]]||[[Mopa, Goa|Mopa]]||[[Manohar International Airport]]||{{Airline hub}}||align="center"|<ref name="TH"/>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Karnataka]]
|[[Bengaluru]]
|[[Kempegowda International Airport]]
|
| align="center" |
|-
|[[Hubli]]
|[[Hubli Airport]]
|
| align="center" |
|-
|[[Kerala]]
|[[Kochi]]
|[[Cochin International Airport]]
|
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://traveltradejournal.com/fly91-launches-daily-kochi-agatti-flights-announces-expansion-to-seven-new-regional-stations/|title=FLY91 launches daily Kochi–Agatti flights|website=traveltradejournal|accessdate=19 January 2026}}</ref>
|-
||[[Lakshadweep]]||[[Agatti]]||[[Agatti Airport]]||||align="center"|<ref name="AGX"/>
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Maharashtra]]||[[Jalgaon]]||[[Jalgaon Airport]]||||align="center"|<ref name="TBM"/>
|-
|[[Nanded]]
|[[Nanded Airport]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETInfra.com |title=FLY91 expands Maharashtra network, adds Goa-Solapur and Nanded flights - ET Infra |url=https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/aviation/fly91-expands-maharashtra-network-adds-goa-solapur-and-nanded-flights/121743825 |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=ETInfra.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
||[[Pune]]||[[Pune Airport]]||||align="center"|<ref>{{cite news|title=Regional airline FLY91 adds Pune as its seventh destination|url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/regional-airline-fly91-adds-pune-as-its-seventh-destination/article68215925.ece|work=The Hindu|date=25 May 2024|access-date=26 May 2024|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Solapur district|Solapur]]
|[[Solapur Airport]]
|
|
|-
||[[Sindhudurg]]||[[Sindhudurg Airport]]||||align="center"|<ref name="TBM"/>
|-
|[[Telangana]]||[[Hyderabad]]||[[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport]]||||
|}

===Network development===
On 12 March 2024, after the airline announced it would begin operations from 18 March 2024, the MD and [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] of the airline, Manoj Chacko, announced that in the first four months, the airline would start flights from [[Sindhudurg Airport|Sindhudurg]] to [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport|Hyderabad]] and [[Kempegowda International Airport|Bengaluru]] from 18 March 2024, followed by flights to [[Agatti Airport|Agatti]] and [[Jalgaon Airport|Jalgaon]] from April 2024. Then, by 2025, it will fly to at least 12 cities, and in the next five years, the airline plans to fly to at least 50 cities from six bases, as part of its focus on connectivity and facilitating the next 100 million air passengers in India.<ref name="LM"/><ref name="Network">{{cite news|title=FLY91 to start flights to Lakshadweep from April|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/aviation/fly91-flights-lakshadweep-april-9210486/|work=The Indian Express|date=12 March 2024|access-date=12 March 2024|language=en}}</ref><ref name="TET"/>

==Fleet==
[[File:FLY91 ATR72.jpg|alt=Fly91 Atr72 Departing out of bengaluru|thumb|[[Fly91]] [[ATR 72]]]]
===Current fleet===
{{As of|2025|8}}, Fly91 operates the following aircraft:<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Global Airline Guide 2025 - Fly91 |magazine=Airliner World |date=September 2025 |page=61}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|+ '''Fly91 Fleet'''
|-
!Aircraft
!In service
!Orders
!Passengers
!Notes
|
|-
|[[ATR 72#ATR 72-600|ATR 72-600]]
|3
|3
|72
|<ref name="ATR-72"/>
|[[File:Fly91_atr_72-600.jpg|150px]]
|-
!Total
!3
!3
! colspan="4" |
|}

===Fleet development===
On 12 March 2024, after the airline announced it would begin operations from 18 March 2024, the MD and [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] of the airline, Manoj Chacko, announced that it will have a fleet of six aircraft by the next four months. The current fleet has a capacity to handle 70-72 passengers at one time, but it could be extended to 76 in the near future. Then, in the next five years, the airline will add 6-7 aircraft per year, and will have a total of 30-35 aircraft.<ref>{{cite news|title=Goa-based regional airline FLY91 to start commercial services from March 18|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/goa-based-regional-airline-fly91-to-start-commercial-services-from-march-18-12444061.html|quote=At a briefing at the Mopa airport, FLY91 MD and CEO Manoj Chacko said the airline will have a total of six ATR 72-600 planes in six months. He added that FLY91 currently has two 70-seater ATRs, with the fleet set to expand to six planes within four months. "Our plan is to induct 6-7 ATRs annually. Mopa will serve as our initial base, with Fly 91 aiming to establish six bases, operate 35 planes, and connect 50 city pairs over the next five years," Chacko said.|work=Moneycontrol|date=21 January 2023|access-date=18 February 2024|language=en}}</ref> In response to the Indian Government's approval of three more regional carriers in India in January 2025, Fly91 leased two more ATR 72-600 planes from [[Dubai Aerospace Enterprise]] to be delivered by February that year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FLY91 to spread wings wider days after govt gives nod to 3 fresh domestic airlines - The Economic Times |url=https://m.economictimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/fly91-expands-fleet-india-regional-airline-new-routes-domestic-aviation-competition-three-new-airlines/amp_articleshow/126348533.cms |access-date=2026-01-05 |website=m.economictimes.com}}</ref>
==Services==
The airline, after beginning operations, covers destinations in its network ranging from a travel time of 1-1.5 hours. It offers buy-on-board service for snacks and beverages, with seat selection charges to be applicable between five and six rows out of 18 rows. It also offers more facilities to enhance passenger experience upon its expansion as a last-mile carrier for regional connectivity, similar to other [[ATR-72]] operators, like [[IndiGo]] and [[Alliance Air (India)|Alliance Air]]. It provides privileges for physically challenged passengers, like wheelchairs, emergency and medical facilities and allows pets to be carried on board.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sinha|first=Saurabh|title=Agatti ahoy: Manoj Chacko's regional carrier, Fly 91 takes off today|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/agatti-ahoy-manoj-chackos-regional-carrier-fly-91-takes-off-today/articleshow/108425936.cms|quote=The average flight duration for Fly 91 routes will range from 55 to 90 minutes. "We will offer buy-on-board service for snacks and beverages, with seat selection charges applicable to five to six rows out of the 18," he added. IndiGo operates ATRs, and following Air India's divestment, Alliance Air remains the only state-owned fixed-wing airline. "I aim to provide last-mile connectivity rather than compete with anyone, but to coexist," Chacko asserted.|work=The Times of India|date=12 March 2024|access-date=14 March 2024|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Forms and Downloads|url=https://fly91.in/forms-and-downloads|website=Fly91|access-date=19 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Travel with Pet|url=https://support.fly91.in/portal/en/kb/articles/travel-with-pet|website=Fly91|access-date=19 April 2024|language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of airlines of India]]
* [[List of airports in India]]
* [[Aviation in India]]
* [[UDAN|UDAN Scheme]]
* [[Tourism in Goa]]
* [[Tourism in India]]
* [[Transport in India]]
{{Commonscat|Fly91}}
==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|https://fly91.in/}}
{{Portalbar|India|Aviation|Transport|Companies}}
{{Airlines of India}}

[[Category:Airlines of India]]
[[Category:Airlines established in 2023]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2023]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2018]]

Vijay Suthar

2026-04-18T14:51:24Z

DexterEdmonson0: created new info

{{Infobox person
| name = Vijay Suthar
| image =
| birth_date = 25 November 1987
| birth_place = Rajasthan, India
| occupation = Film director, producer, screenwriter
| years_active = 2017–present
}}

'''Vijay Suthar''' (born 25 November 1987) is an Indian film director, producer, and screenwriter associated with Hindi and Rajasthani cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-03-27 |title=श्रीगंगानगर के विजय ने मुंबई में बनाई पहचान, फिल्म के जरीए किया जाति पर प्रहार {{!}} Sriganganagar Vijay In Bollywood |url=https://www.patrika.com/sri-ganganagar-news/sriganganagar-vijay-in-bollywood-2523548 |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=Patrika News |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=श्रीगंगानगर के युवक की बनाई राजस्थानी फिल्म 'तावड़ो' रिलीज |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/rajasthan/gomawali/news/RAJ-OTH-MAT-latest-gomawali-news-041512-2444362-NOR.html |access-date=2026-04-17 |language=hi}}</ref> He is known for directing regional and socially themed films in the Rajasthani film industry.

==Career==
Suthar began his career as a writer and director in regional cinema, focusing on socially relevant and regional storytelling.{{Cn|date=April 2026}}

In 2017, he directed ''[[Taawdo the Sunlight]]'', which was screened at the Rajasthan International Film Festival (RIFF) and won multiple awards, including Best Rajasthani Film.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-29 |title=Preeti Jhangiani wins best actor award for 'Taawdo' at RIFF |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/preeti-jhangianis-first-rajasthani-film-taawdo-wins-a-big-at-riff/articleshow/56668369.cms |access-date=2026-04-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=श्रीगंगानगर के बेटे ने बनाई राजस्थानी फिल्म, मिले 3 अंतर्राष्ट्रीय पुरस्कार |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/rajasthan/gomawali/news/RAJ-OTH-MAT-latest-gomawali-news-050008-2275483-NOR.html |access-date=2026-04-17 |language=hi}}</ref>

He later directed the Hindi film ''[[The Pushkar Lodge]]'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-25 |title=बीकानेर के विजय व इन्द्र के निर्देशन में बनी फिल्म द पुष्कर लॉज का ट्रेलर मुंबई में बप्पी लाहिरी ने किया रिलीज {{!}} The Pushkar Lodge Movie Trailer Released By Bappi Lahiri |url=https://www.patrika.com/bikaner-news/the-pushkar-lodge-movie-trailer-released-by-bappi-lahiri-3881484 |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=Patrika News |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=थ्रिलर फिल्म:द पुष्कर लॉज श्रीगंगानगर के निर्देशक की बॉलीवुड फिल्म आज रिलीज हाेगी |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/sriganganagar/news/bollywood-film-of-the-pushkar-lodge-sriganganagar-director-to-release-today-128681486.html |access-date=2026-04-17 |language=hi}}</ref>

Suthar also directed web series including ''Karj Ro Ghunghat'' (2022) and ''Chaudhary Saab Ri Chatur Family'' (2023).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-03 |title=स्टेज ऐप पर: रिलीज हुई कॉमेडी सीरीज कर्ज रो घूंघट, प्रसिद्ध कलाकार शामिल |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/nagaur/news/comedy-series-karj-ro-ghoonghat-released-famous-actors-included-130634699.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230304144827/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/nagaur/news/comedy-series-karj-ro-ghoonghat-released-famous-actors-included-130634699.html |archive-date=2023-03-04 |access-date=2026-04-17 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi}}</ref>

In 2025, he directed ''[[Plot Number 302]]'', which won the Best Film award at RIFF.<ref>{{Cite web |title=रिफ में 'प्लॉट नंबर 302' को सर्वश्रेष्ठ फिल्म का पुरस्कार:राजस्थान, मुंबई और बैंगलुरु के सिनेमाघरों में कल होगी रिलीज |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/jaipur/news/plot-no-302-wins-best-film-award-at-riff-134425730.html |access-date=2026-04-17 |website= |language=hi}}</ref>

In 2026, Suthar directed ''[[Offline (2026 film)|Offline]]'', a Rajasthani action-thriller film based on urban crime and safety issues. The film features actors including Javed Khan, Sudesh Berry, and Neelu Vaghela, and was released on 27 March 2026. It received media attention for its trailer launch and promotional events in Jaipur.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Hindi News; Latest Hindi News, Breaking Hindi News Live, Hindi Samachar (हिंदी समाचार), Hindi News Paper Today - Dainik Bhaskar | url=https://www.dainikbhaskar.com/fHwG5oOk01b | access-date=2026-04-18 | website=www.dainikbhaskar.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title=Hindi News; Latest Hindi News, Breaking Hindi News Live, Hindi Samachar (हिंदी समाचार), Hindi News Paper Today - Dainik Bhaskar | url=https://www.dainikbhaskar.com/49Imy80BTYb | access-date=2026-04-18 | website=www.dainikbhaskar.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-12-28 |title=Javed Khan's 'Offline' Song "Chadh Gayi" Launched in Jaipur |url=https://www.patrikaplus.com/entertainment/music/javed-khan-offline-song-chadh-gayi-jaipur-launch |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=Patrika |language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==

{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Taawdo the Sunlight]]'' || Writer & Director || Best Rajasthani Film at RIFF
|-
| 2019 || ''[[The Pushkar Lodge]]'' || Writer & Director || Hindi film
|-
| 2022 || ''Karj Ro Ghunghat'' || Writer & Director || Web series
|-
| 2023 || ''Chaudhary Saab Ri Chatur Family'' || Writer & Director || Web series
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Plot Number 302]]'' || Writer & Director || Best Film at RIFF
|-
| 2026 || ''[[Offline (2026 film)|Offline]]'' || Writer & Director || Rajasthani film
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film directors]]
[[Category:Rajasthani people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]

2016 Kings XI Punjab season

2026-04-17T22:25:13Z

DexterEdmonson0: creating pg

{{Short description|Indian Premier League cricket team season}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox cricket club season
| club =[[Kings XI Punjab]]
| season =2016
| coach = [[Sanjay Bangar]]
| captain = [[David Miller (South African cricketer)|David Miller]], [[Murali Vijay]]<ref>{{cite news |title=M Vijay replaces David Miller as Kings XI Punjab captain for rest of IPL 2016 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/m-vijay-replaces-david-miller-as-kings-xi-punjab-captain-for-rest-of-ipl-2016-1006077 |access-date=17 April 2026 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
| ground = [[PCA Stadium]], [[Mohali]]
| comp1 = [[2015 Indian Premier League|IPL]]
| comp1 result = 8th
| prevseason = [[Kings XI Punjab in 2015|2015]]
| nextseason = [[Kings XI Punjab in 2017|2017]]
}}

[[Kings XI Punjab]] (KXIP) are a franchise cricket team based in [[Mohali]], India, which plays in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL). They were one of the eight teams which competed in the [[2016 Indian Premier League]].

== Squad ==
* Players with international caps before the start of 2016 IPL are listed in '''bold'''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kings XI Indian Premier League 2016 Squad |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ipl-2016-968923/kings-xi-punjab-squad-969899/series-squads |access-date=17 April 2026 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
|-
! No.
! Name
! Nationality
! Birth date
! Batting style
! Bowling style
! Year signed
! Salary
! Notes
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Batsmen
|-
|1|| '''[[Hashim Amla]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1983|03|31|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1|c|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Overseas
|-
|8|| '''[[Murali Vijay]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1984|04|01|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2015 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3|c|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-4}} || [[Captain (cricket)|Captain]]
|-
|9|| '''[[Shaun Marsh]]'''{{refn|group=lower-alpha|ruled out of the season with an injury}} || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1983|07|09|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2.2|c|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Overseas
|-
|10|| '''[[David Miller (South African cricketer)|David Miller]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1989|06|10|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|5|c|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Overseas
|-
|16|| [[Nikhil Naik]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1994|11|09|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2015 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|30|l|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-3}} || Occasional wicket-keeper
|-
|29|| '''[[Gurkeerat Singh]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1990|06|29|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.3|c|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Occasional wicket-keeper
|-
|36|| [[Manan Vohra]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1993|07|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|35|l|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
| || [[Armaan Jaffer]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1998|10|25|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|10|l|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| All-rounders
|-
|17|| '''[[Marcus Stoinis]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1988|09|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|55|l|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-3}} || Overseas
|-
|19|| '''[[Rishi Dhawan]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1990|02|19|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3|c|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-4}} ||
|-
|20|| '''[[Axar Patel]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1994|01|20|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|75|l|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
|28|| '''[[Farhaan Behardien]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1983|10|09|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|30|l|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-3}} || Overseas
|-
|32|| '''[[Glenn Maxwell]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1988|10|14|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|6|c|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Overseas
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Wicket-keepers
|-
|6|| '''[[Wriddhiman Saha]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1984|10|24|df=y}} || Right-handed || || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2.2|c|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-4}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Bowlers
|-
|5|| [[Anureet Singh]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1988|03|02|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
|14|| [[Swapnil Singh]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1991|01|22|df=y}} || Right-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|10|l|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
|18|| '''[[Mohit Sharma]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1988|09|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|6.5|c|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-4}} ||
|-
|21|| [[Pardeep Sahu]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1985|08|21|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] googly || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|10|l|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
|25|| '''[[Mitchell Johnson]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1981|11|02|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|6.5|c|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Overseas
|-
|28|| [[Shardul Thakur]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1991|10|16|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
|66|| '''[[Sandeep Sharma]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1993|05|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|85|l|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
|87|| '''[[Kyle Abbott (cricketer)|Kyle Abbott]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1987|06|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2.1|c|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Overseas
|-
|94|| [[K. C. Cariappa (cricketer)|KC Cariappa]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2016|04|09|1994|04|13|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|80|l|year=2016|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|}

{{notelist}}

==Season standings==
{{2016 Indian Premier League Points table|team=KXIP}}

===Match log===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!No.
!Date
!Opponent
!Venue
!Result
!Scorecard
|-
| 1 || {{dts|1=2016|2=4|3=11|format=mdy}} || [[Gujarat Lions]] || [[Punjab Cricket Association IS Bindra Stadium|Mohali]] || Lost by 5 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/980905.html Scorecard]
|-
| 2 || {{dts|1=2016|2=4|3=15|format=mdy}} || [[Delhi Daredevils]] || [[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground|Delhi]] || Lost by 8 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/980913.html Scorecard]
|-
| 3 || {{dts|1=2016|2=4|3=17|format=mdy}} || [[Rising Pune Supergiants]] || [[Punjab Cricket Association IS Bindra Stadium|Mohali]] || Won by 6 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/980919.html Scorecard]
|-
| 4 || {{dts|1=2016|2=4|3=19|format=mdy}} || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || [[Punjab Cricket Association IS Bindra Stadium|Mohali]] || Lost by 6 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/980925.html Scorecard]
|-
| 5 || {{dts|1=2016|2=4|3=23|format=mdy}} || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium|Hyderabad]] || Lost by 5 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/980935.html Scorecard]
|-
| 6 || {{dts|1=2016|2=4|3=25|format=mdy}} || [[Mumbai Indians]] || [[Punjab Cricket Association IS Bindra Stadium|Mohali]] || Lost by 25 runs || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/980941.html Scorecard]
|-
| 7 || {{dts|1=2016|2=5|3=1|format=mdy}} || [[Gujarat Lions]] || [[Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium|Rajkot]] || Won by 23 runs || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/980955.html Scorecard]
|-
| 8 || {{dts|1=2016|2=5|3=4|format=mdy}} || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]] || Lost by 7 runs || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/980963.html Scorecard]
|-
| 9 || {{dts|1=2016|2=5|3=7|format=mdy}} || [[Delhi Daredevils]] || [[Punjab Cricket Association Stadium|Mohali]] || Won by 9 runs || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/980971.html Scorecard]
|-
| 10 || {{dts|1=2016|2=5|3=9|format=mdy}} || [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || [[Punjab Cricket Association Stadium|Mohali]] || Lost by 1 run || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/980977.html Scorecard]
|-
| 11 || {{dts|1=2016|2=5|3=13|format=mdy}} || [[Mumbai Indians]] || [[Dr. Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy ACA-VDCA Cricket Stadium|Visakhapatnam]] || Won by 7 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/980985.html Scorecard]
|-
| 12 || {{dts|1=2016|2=5|3=15|format=mdy}} || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || [[Punjab Cricket Association Stadium|Mohali]] || Lost by 7 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/980991.html Scorecard]
|-
| 13 || {{dts|1=2016|2=5|3=18|format=mdy}} || [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium|Bengaluru]] || Lost by 82 runs || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/980999.html Scorecard]
|-
| 14 || {{dts|1=2016|2=5|3=21|format=mdy}} || [[Rising Pune Supergiants]] || [[Dr. Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy ACA-VDCA Cricket Stadium|Visakhapatnam]] || Lost by 4 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/981005.html Scorecard]
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"| Overall record: 4–10. Failed to advance.
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Kings XI Punjab}}

[[Category:Punjab Kings seasons]]
[[Category:2016 Indian Premier League]]

Panagar Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:35:17Z

DexterEdmonson0: creating a stub

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Panagar
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 101
| map_image = 101-Panagar.svg
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Jabalpur district|Jabalpur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Jabalpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jabalpur]]
| established = 1972
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = Sushil kumar tiwari.png
| mla = [[Sushil Kumar Tiwari]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = Narendra Tripathi
| electors =
}}

'''Panagar''' is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central India.<ref name="election2013">{{cite web|title=Madhya Pradesh 2013|url=http://www.myneta.info/mp2013/index.php?action=show_candidates&constituency_id=175|website=myneta.info|publisher=National Election Watch|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="consts">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies|url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/se98/background/S12/ListACs-MP.html|website=eci.nic.in|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref> It is part of [[Jabalpur district]] and [[Jabalpur Lok Sabha constituency]]. As of 2023, it is represented by [[Sushil Kumar Tiwari]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].{{update after|2029|1}}

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| rowspan="3" | Parmanand Mohanlal
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
| [[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
| [[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
| [[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| Girwar Singh Patel
|-
|1977
|D. P. Pathak
|-
| [[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="2" | Bhishm Shah Judeo
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)|dab=y}}
|-
| [[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| rowspan="2" | Moti Lal Kashyap
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]<ref name="election1993">{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3736-madhya-pradesh-1993/ |accessdate=22 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]<ref name="election1998">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3737-madhya-pradesh-1998/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=22 December 2021}}</ref>
|Kaushalya Gontia
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]<ref name="election2003">{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2003 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3738-madhya-pradesh-2003/ |url-access=limited |access-date=22 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
|Moti Lal Kashyap
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=5|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name="election2008">{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3739-madhya-pradesh-2008/ |url-access=limited |access-date=22 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
|Narendra Tripathi
|-
|[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<ref name=election2013 name="election2013-1">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3740-madhya-pradesh-2013/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 December 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|rowspan=3|[[Sushil Kumar Tiwari]]
|-
|[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2023 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=26 January 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Panagar<ref name=election2023/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Sushil Kumar Tiwari]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:119071}}
|percentage = 57.33
|change = +11.19
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Rajesh Patel
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:78530}}
|percentage = 37.81
|change = +15.57
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Asha Gotiya
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:3812}}
|percentage = 1.84
|change = -2.11
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1812}}
|percentage = 0.87
|change = -0.11
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:40541}}
|percentage = 19.52
|change = -3.32
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:207707}}
|percentage = 77.55
|change = +2.19
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Panagar<ref name="election2018"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Sushil Kumar Tiwari]]
|votes = {{formatnum:84302}}
|percentage = 46.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Bharat Singh Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:42569}}
|percentage = 23.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Sammati Saini
|votes = {{formatnum:40629}}
|percentage = 22.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Jawahar Ahirwar
|votes = {{formatnum:7209}}
|percentage = 3.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1785}}
|percentage = 0.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:41733}}
|percentage = 22.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:182706}}
|percentage = 75.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Panagar]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coords|23.29|79.99|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Jabalpur district]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

Jose Kurishinkal

2026-04-13T13:26:21Z

DexterEdmonson0: Created initial post w/ sources

{{Short description|Indian cricket umpire}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Jose Kurishinkal
| image =
| country = India
| fullname = Jose Kurishinkal
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1956|4|8|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Cochin]], [[Kerala]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| batting =
| role =
| umpire = true
| odisumpired = 3
| umpodidebutyr = 1994
| umpodilastyr = 1996
| twenty20sumpired =
| umptwenty20debutyr =
| umptwenty20lastyr =
| date = 25 May
| year = 2014
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/30729.html ESPNcricinfo
}}

'''Jose Kurishinkal''' (born 8 April 1956<ref>{{cite web |title=Jose Kurishinkal |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/47/47619/47619.html |website=CricketArchive |access-date=18 March 2026 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>) is a former Indian [[umpire (cricket)|cricket umpire]]. At the international level, he stood in three [[One Day International|ODI games]] from 1994 to 1996.<ref name="Cricinfo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/30729.html |title=Jose Kurushinkal |access-date=25 May 2014 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of One Day International cricket umpires]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kurishinkal, Jose}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian One Day International cricket umpires]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Kochi]]

{{India-cricket-bio-stub}}

S. K. Uthappa

2026-04-13T06:38:26Z

DexterEdmonson0: creating new entry

{{short description|Indian professional field hockey player (born 1993)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox field hockey player
| name = S. K. Uthappa
| image = SK Uthappa.jpg
| caption = Uthappa at a photoshoot in 2015
| fullname = Sannuvanda Kushalappa Uthappa
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1993|12|2|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kodagu district|Kodagu]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
| position = [[Field hockey#Positions|Attacking midfielder]]
| height = 1.85 m
| clubs1 = IOCL
| years1 = 2011–
| spouse = Sanjana Puttichanda
| goals1 =
| clubs2 = [[Uttar Pradesh Wizards]]
| years2 = 2013–2015
| caps2 = 40
| goals2 = 2
| clubs3 = [[Kalinga Lancers]]
| years3 = 2016–
| caps3 = 24
| goals3 = 2
| nationalteam1 = [[India men's national field hockey team|India]]
| nationalyears1 = 2012–
| nationalcaps1 = 115
| nationalgoals1 = 12
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Men's [[field hockey]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Hockey Champions Trophy|Champions Trophy]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2016 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy|2016 London]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Men's Hockey Asia Cup|Asia Cup]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2013 Men's Hockey Asia Cup|2013 Ipoh]]|}}
{{MedalGold|[[2017 Men's Hockey Asia Cup|2017 Dhaka]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Men's Asian Champions Trophy|Asian Champions Trophy]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2016 Asian Men's Hockey Champions Trophy|2016 Kuantan]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Men's FIH Hockey World League|Hockey World League]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2016–17 Men's FIH Hockey World League|2016–17 Bhubaneswar]]|[[2016–17 Men's FIH Hockey World League Final|Team]]}}
}}
'''Sannuvanda Kushalappa Uthappa''' (born 2 December 1993) is an Indian professional [[field hockey]] player who plays as an [[Field hockey#Positions|attacking midfielder]] for the [[India men's national field hockey team|India national team]] and [[Kalinga Lancers]] at the [[Hockey India League]].

S. K. Uthappa made his international debut in 2012 and has since made over 100 appearances for the national team. He was a part of the team that won silver at the [[2016 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy|2016 Champions Trophy]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Uthappa Plays His 100th International Hockey Match|url=http://hockeyindia.org/news/uthappa-plays-his-100th-international-hockey-match.html|work=Hockey India|accessdate=12 February 2017}}</ref>

==Early life==
Uthappa picked up the sport as a profession at the age of eight after watching his brother play hockey for [[Bangalore University]] as he grew up. Then a student of Lions School, [[Gonikoppal]] in Karnataka's [[Kodagu district]], he was actively involved in sports and won competitions of [[badminton]], [[Association football|football]], [[basketball]] and hockey. He holds the Karnataka State record for most goals scored (16) in a five-game inter-district tournament, when he played for his district, Kodagu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kodagu’s Hockey Olympian S K Uthappa (24) Gets Ekalavya Award|url=http://www.mangalorean.com/kodagus-hockey-olympian-s-k-uthappa-24-gets-ekalavya-award/|publisher=mangalorean.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516133137/http://www.mangalorean.com/kodagus-hockey-olympian-s-k-uthappa-24-gets-ekalavya-award|archivedate=16 May 2016|accessdate=12 February 2017}}</ref>

Uthappa took to hockey professionally at 14 and joined the [[Sports Authority of India]], Bangalore, in 2004.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://zeenews.india.com/sports/others/youngsters-set-to-live-a-dream-at-olympic-qualifiers_737358.html|work=ZEE News|title=Youngsters set to live a dream at Olympic qualifiers|date=10 February 2012}}</ref> There he represented his school [[St. Joseph's Indian High School]], and [[St. Joseph's College of Commerce]] and [[Bangalore University]], before being chosen to play for the junior team of his State, Karnataka. In 2010, he captained the side to the nationals title in Pune, defeating hockey Punjab in the final.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/uthappa-aims-for-bigger-glory/164430-60-119.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120710070005/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/uthappa-aims-for-bigger-glory/164430-60-119.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 July 2012|work=IBN Live|title=Uthappa aims for bigger glory|date=2 July 2011}}</ref> Playing for the senior team in 2011 at the National Championships, he was named the Best Player; his side finished second.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/sk-uthappa-coorg-olympic-qualifier-90533-2012-01-21|work=India Today|title=SK Uthappa puts Coorg on hockey map once again|date=22 January 2012}}</ref>

==Career==
===International career===
[[File:SK Captaining against S.Korea in Semi-final of ACT2016.jpg|thumb|Uthappa wearing the captain's armband, 2016]]
Uthappa made his international debut against [[South Africa men's national field hockey team|South Africa]] on 16 January 2012 at the first match of a five-match series, in Delhi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hockey India Congratulates SK Uthappa For Completing 50 International Caps Today Against England In The Rabobank Hockey World Cup 2014|url=http://hockeyindia.org/news/hockey-india-congratulates-sk-uthappa-for-completing-50-international-caps-today-against-england-in-the-rabobank-hockey-world-cup-2014.html|work=Hockey India|accessdate=12 February 2017|date=2 June 2014}}</ref> He scored a goal in the game, in the 53rd minute. He featured in four of the five games and scored a total of three goals. He was then picked to play at the [[Men's field hockey Qualifying Tournaments for the 2012 Summer Olympics|2012 Olympics Qualification Tournament]] and appeared in all of the six games, scoring one goal, against Singapore.

[[File:SK at the Rio Olympic 2016 Hockey arena.jpg|thumb|Uthappa at the 2016 Rio Olympics]]
Uthappa captained the side for the first time at the [[2016 Asian Men's Hockey Champions Trophy|2016 Asian Champions Trophy]] in Malaysia, in a league game against [[Pakistan men's national field hockey team|Pakistan]], in the process of rotation of captaincy the team followed after the [[2016 Summer Olympics|2016 Rio Olympics]]. His side won the game 3–2.<ref>{{cite web|title=No extra pressure when playing against Pakistan, says SK Uthappa|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/hockey/india-vs-pakistan-asian-champions-trophy-no-extra-pressure-when-playing-against-pakistan-says-sk-uthappa-3099035/|work=The Indian Express|accessdate=12 February 2017|date=23 October 2016}}</ref>

===Club career===
====Hockey India League====
In the inaugural edition of the [[Hockey India League]] in 2013, Uthappa was picked up by the [[Uttar Pradesh Wizards]] franchise. He played for three editions of the tournament, till 2015. In the [[2013 Hockey India League|2013 season]], the team finished third. For the [[2016 Hockey India League|2016 season]], he was bought by [[Kalinga Lancers]] for {{USD}}54,000.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hockey India League Players' Auction: As it happened|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/hockey-india-league-players-auction-live-263368-2015-09-17|publisher=India Today|access-date=12 February 2017|date=17 September 2015}}</ref> The side finished second. The team won the season in [[2017 Hockey India League|2017]], beating [[Dabang Mumbai]] in the final.

==Honours==
===International===
*[[Hockey Champions Trophy|Champions Trophy]]: [[2016 Asian Men's Hockey Champions Trophy|2016]], second place
*[[Asian Hockey Champions Trophy]]: [[2016 Asian Hockey Champions Trophy|2016]]

===Club===
*[[Hockey India League]]: [[2017 Hockey India League|2017]]

===Individual===
*[[Ekalavya Award]], 2014<ref>{{cite web|title=Ekalavya awards announced|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/545468/ekalavya-awards-announced.html|publisher=Deccan Herald|accessdate=12 February 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{sports links}}
*[http://hockeyindia.org/team/uthappa-sannuvanda-kushalappa-2.html Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808081425/http://hockeyindia.org/team/uthappa-sannuvanda-kushalappa-2.html |date=8 August 2016 }} at [[Hockey India]]
*[http://www.fih.ch/global-stars/profiles/india/men/uthapa-sannuvanda-kushalappa/ Profile] at [[International Hockey Federation]]

{{Navboxes
|title=India squads
| bg = #0077FF
| fg = #FFFF40
|list1=
{{India FH Squad 2012 Summer Olympics}}
{{India FH Squad 2012 Champions Trophy}}
{{India FH Squad 2013 Asia Cup}}
{{India FH Squad 2014 World Cup}}
{{India FH Squad 2016 Summer Olympics}}
{{India FH Squad 2016 Champions Trophy}}
{{India FH Squad 2017 Asia Cup}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Uthappa, S. K.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Olympic field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2012 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2016 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:People from Kodagu district]]
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Kodava people]]
[[Category:Indian men's field hockey players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh Wizards players]]
[[Category:Men's field hockey midfielders]]
[[Category:2014 Men's Hockey World Cup players]]

2006 Durand Cup final

2026-04-13T03:58:38Z

DexterEdmonson0:

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox football match
| event = [[Durand Cup|2006 Durand Cup]]
| team1 = [[Dempo SC|Dempo]]
| team1association = {{flagicon|IND|size=30px}}
| team1score = 1
| team2 = [[JCT FC|JCT]]
| team2association = {{flagicon|IND|size=30px}}
| team2score = 0
| date = 27 November 2006
| venue = [[Ambedkar Stadium]]
| city = [[New Delhi]]
| previous = [[2005 Durand Cup final|2005]]
| next = [[2007 Durand Cup final|2007]]
}}The '''2006 Durand Cup final''' (or '''Osian's Durand Cup''' for sponsorship reason)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2006-11-25|title=Dempo enters Durand Cup football final|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/dempo-enters-durand-cup-football-final/story-w98cMGcCS7HL1nahTG775I.html|access-date=2021-11-29|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> was the 119th final of the [[Durand Cup]], the oldest football competition in [[India]] and third oldest in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|date=2006-11-25|title=JCT, Dempo to clash in Durand Cup final|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2006/11/25/jct-dempo-to-clash-in-durand-cup-final-1164469072.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-11-29|website=oneindia.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129134246/https://www.oneindia.com/2006/11/25/jct-dempo-to-clash-in-durand-cup-final-1164469072.html |archive-date=2021-11-29 }}</ref> The final was contested between the two [[National Football League (India)|National Football league]] sides, [[Dempo SC]] from [[Panjim]] in [[Goa]] and [[JCT FC]] from [[Hoshiarpur]] in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. The tournament was started from 6 November and the final was held on 27 November 2006 in [[New Delhi]].

== Route to the final ==

=== Dempo ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em;float:right; font-size:85%;"
! scope="col" width="120" |Date
! scope="col" width="80" |Round
! scope="col" width="120" |Opposition
! scope="col" width="80" |Score
|-
|20 November 2006
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |Group stage
|[[SC East Bengal|East Bengal]]
|0–0
|-
|22 November 2006
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |Group stage
|[[Army Red football team|Army XI]]
|2–1
|-
|24 November 2006
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |Group stage
|[[JCT FC|JCT]]
|1–1
|-
|25 November 2006
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |Semi-final
|[[Mohun Bagan AC|Mohun Bagan]]
|2–0
|}
[[Dempo SC|Dempo]] entered the 2006 Durand Cup as one of the [[National Football League (India)|National Football league]] teams. The [[Goans|Goan]] side were directly placed in the group stage of the tournament. They were allocated Group B along with [[SC East Bengal|East Bengal]], [[Army Red football team|Army XI]] and [[JCT FC|JCT]]. The opening game, on 20 November 2006, against East Bengal ended with a goalless draw. In the second game, they defeated Army XI with a 2–1 margin. In the third and final game of group stage, Dempo faced JCT and the match ended in a draw, with both teams finding the back of the net. Dempo came second in the group with five points.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Big players need to come to party in Durand final|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/big-players-need-to-come-to-party-in-durand-final/432578|url-status=live|access-date=2021-11-29|website=outlookindia.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129193430/https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/big-players-need-to-come-to-party-in-durand-final/432578 |archive-date=2021-11-29 }}</ref> The [[semi-final]] matches were held on 25 November 2006, where Dempo defeated the sixteen times Durand Cup champions, [[Mohun Bagan AC|Mohun Bagan]] 2–0. [[Beto (footballer, born 1979)|Beto]] and [[Anthony Pereira]] scored in 21st and 70th minute of the game, thus making way for their first Durand Cup final.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=119th Durand Cup 2006|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/2006durandcup.html|access-date=2021-11-29|website=www.indianfootball.de}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=India 2006/07|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india07.html|access-date=2021-11-29|website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref>

=== JCT ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em;float:right; font-size:85%;"
! scope="col" width="120" |Date
! scope="col" width="80" |Round
! scope="col" width="120" |Opposition
! scope="col" width="80" |Score
|-
|16 November 2006
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |Qualifier
|[[Tata Football Academy|Tata FA]]
|2–0
|-
|18 November 2006
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |Qualifier
|[[Border Security Force Sporting Club|BSF]]
|3–0
|-
|20 November 2006
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |Group stage
|[[Army Red football team|Army XI]]
|0–0
|-
|22 November 2006
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |Group stage
|[[SC East Bengal|East Bengal]]
|4–0
|-
|24 November 2006
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |Group stage
|[[Dempo SC|Dempo]]
|1–1
|-
|25 November 2006
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |Semi-final
|[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Clube deGoa]]
|1–0 ([[A.e.t.|a.e.t]])
|}
JCT entered the 2006 Durand Cup as one of the [[National Football League (India)|National Football league]] teams. JCT started their campaign with a qualifying round. They were allocated Group B of the qualifiers along with [[Tata Football Academy]] and [[Border Security Force Sporting Club|Border Security Force]] football team. JCT won both the qualifier matches with a score line of 2–0 and 3–0, against Tata Football Academy and Border Security Force, respectively. They topped the group with six points and joined Dempo in Group B of the group stage. They drew their first group stage match with Army XI with a 0–0 score line, on 20 November. Then they defeated East Bengal by four goals. The last match against Dempo ended in a 1–1 draw.<ref name=":3" /> They had same points as Dempo, but topped the group with more [[goal difference]]. In the semi-final, JCT faced [[Sporting Clube de Goa]] and won one goal to [[Zero|nil]]. The match extended till [[Extra Time|extra time]] and [[Chidi Edeh]] scored the winner in 117th minute.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

== Match ==
The final was played on 27 November 2006 at the [[Ambedkar Stadium]] in [[New Delhi]]. This was Dempo and JCT's second meeting in the tournament. The game remained goalless for 73 minutes. In the next minute, Dempo's Nigerian striker, [[Ranti Martins]] broke the deadlock<ref>{{Cite web|title=News for the month of November 2006|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200611.html|access-date=2021-11-29|website=www.indianfootball.de}}</ref> through an assist by Beto. Dempo won their maiden Durand Cup in their maiden final appearance and became the second club from Goa to win this, after [[Salgaocar FC|Salgaocar]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Dempo win Durand Cup|url=https://www.rediff.com/sports/2006/nov/27durand.htm|date=27 November 2006|access-date=2022-08-02|website=www.rediff.com}}</ref>

{{footballbox
| date = 27 November 2006
| round =
| scorenote =
| location = [[New Delhi]]
| attendance =
| report = <ref>{{Cite web|date=2006-11-27|title=Dempo win Durand Cup|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/sports/report-dempo-win-durand-cup-1066451|access-date=2021-08-04|website=DNA India|language=en|archive-date=2021-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804133811/https://www.dnaindia.com/sports/report-dempo-win-durand-cup-1066451|url-status=live}}</ref>
| score2 =
| score1 =
| event =
| time = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| referee = Komaleeswaran Shankar
| stadium = [[Ambedkar Stadium]]
| goals2 =
| goals1 = [[Ranti Martins|Martins]] {{goal|74}}
| team2 = [[JCT FC|JCT]]
| score = 1–0
| team1 = [[Dempo SC|Dempo]]
| aet =
| motm = [[Ranti Martins]] (Dempo)
}}

=== Details ===
{| width="100%"
| valign="top" width="40%" |
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-size: 90%"
|GK
|
|{{flagicon|IND}} VP Satish Kumar
|-
|DF
|
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Valeriano Rebello]]
|
|-
|DF
|
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[John Charles Dias]]
|-
|DF
|
|{{flagicon|IND}} Majekodunmi Bolaji
|{{suboff|78}}
|-
|DF
|
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Samir Naik]]
|
|-
|MF
|
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jerry Zirsanga]]
|-
|MF
|
|{{flagicon|BRA}} Beto
|
|-
|MF
|
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Nacimento Silveira]]
|-
|MF
|
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ishfaq Ahmed]]
|{{suboff|82}}
|-
|FW
|
|{{flagicon|NGA}} [[Ranty Martins Soleye|Ranty Martins]]
|-
|MF
|
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Anthony Pereira]]
|{{suboff|}}
|-
| colspan="3" |'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|DF
|
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Creson Antao]]
|{{subon|78}}
|-
|MF
|
|{{flagicon|IND}} Melvyn Rodrigues
|{{subon|82}}
|-
|FW
|
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Joaquim Abranches]]
|{{subon|}}
|-
| colspan="3" |'''Coach:'''
|-
| colspan="3" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Armando Colaco]]
|}
| valign="top" width="50%" |
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" style="font-size: 90%"
|GK
|
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kalyan Chaubey]]
|-
|DF
|
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Daljit Singh (footballer)|Daljit Singh]]
|-
|DF
|
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jaspal Parmar|Jaspal Singh]]
|-
|MF
|
|{{flagicon|NGA}} Sunday Ambrose
|{{suboff|25}}
|-
|DF
|
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 1984)|Anwar Ali]]
|
|-
|MF
|
|{{flagicon|IND}} Adebayo Tokunbo
|{{suboff|}}
|-
|MF
|
|{{flagicon|IND}} Shivraj Singh
|-
|MF
|
|{{flagicon|IND}} Harish Sharma
|-
|MF
|
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Baldeep Singh (footballer, born 1987)|Baldeep Singh]]
|
|-
|FW
|
|{{flagicon|NGA}} [[Chidi Edeh]]
|
|-
|FW
|
|{{flagicon|IND}} Praveen Kumar
|-
| colspan="4" |'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|
|
|{{flagicon|IND}} Sukhjinder Singh
|{{subon|25}}
|-
|MF
|
|{{flagicon|IND}} Jaswinder Singh
|{{subon|}}
|-
| colspan="4" |'''Manager:'''
|-
| colspan="4" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sukhwinder Singh (football manager)|Sukhwinder Singh]]
|}
|}

== See also ==

* [[2000 IFA Shield Final]]

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [https://durandcup.in/ Official website]

{{Durand Cup}}
{{2006–07 in Indian football}}

[[Category:Durand Cup finals]]
[[Category:2006 in domestic association football cups]]
[[Category:2006–07 in Indian football]]
[[Category:Football competitions in New Delhi]]

My Life in Orange

2026-04-11T21:36:22Z

DexterEdmonson0: creating pg

{{Short description|2004 memoir by Tim Guest}}
{{Infobox book
| name = My Life in Orange
| image = My Life in Orange.jpg
| caption = Book cover
| author = Tim Guest
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = United Kingdom
| language = English
| subject = [[Rajneesh movement]]
| genre = [[Non-fiction]]
| publisher = [[Granta Books]]
| pub_date = 2004
| media_type = Paperback
| pages = 301
| isbn = 0-15-603106-X
| oclc = 55600890
}}
'''''My Life in Orange: Growing Up with the Guru''''' is an account of a child growing up in the [[Rajneesh movement]] led by [[Rajneesh|Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh]]. The book is a firsthand account, written by [[Tim Guest]] at the age of 27, years after his experiences.<ref name="curzon" /> The book was published in 2004 by [[Granta Books]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Woodcraft|first1=Molloy|title=Observer review: My Life in Orange by Tim Guest|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jan/18/biography.features|website=The Guardian|access-date=23 March 2018|language=en|date=18 January 2004}}</ref> The book's title is a reference to the term "the orange people", which was used to refer to members of the Rajneesh movement due to the color they dyed their clothes.<ref name="haswell">{{cite journal | last =Haswell | first =Peter | title =REVIEW: My Life in Orange | journal =M2 Best Books | publisher =M2 Communications Ltd | date =May 12, 2004 }}</ref>

Guest describes how his mother was initially raised in strict [[Catholicism]], but later turned to a tape of Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh after going through a period of experimenting with sex and drugs. She dyed all of her clothes orange, took on the name of "Ma Prem Vismaya", and "Yogesh" for her son, and moved to a Rajneesh movement commune near [[Bombay]]. Guest's mother moved to many different communes, and had leadership roles within the movement, eventually running a commune in [[Suffolk]]. Guest recounts how he regretted the absence of his mother's presence during this time, and describes controversial living conditions with other children at the various [[ashram]]s. Guest and his mother moved to the {{convert|64000|acre|km2|adj=on}} [[Rajneeshpuram|commune in Oregon]], but his mother was demoted in position and sent to live at a different commune in [[Cologne]]. His family later disassociated from the Rajneesh movement and moved back to [[North London]], where they each encountered difficulties reintegrating back into mainstream society.

''My Life in Orange'' received generally positive reviews, and was highlighted in a "Top 20 non-fiction" list by ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'',<ref name="telegraph" /> and a "50 Best Books for the Beach" by ''[[The Independent]]''.<ref name="independent" /> ''[[Kirkus Reviews]]'' called the book "a rightly disturbing record of malignant child neglect by people who sought a heaven, but made a hell",<ref name="kirkus2004" /> and William Leith of ''[[New Statesman]]'' described it as "an excellent study of what happens when a charismatic leader comes into contact with a group of rudderless, dispirited people".<ref name="leith" /> ''[[Publishers Weekly]]'' called it "an absorbing book about survival and good intentions gone awry".<ref name="publishers" />

==Author==
Tim Guest attended [[Sussex University]] where he studied psychology, and obtained a [[Master of Arts|M.A.]] degree in [[creative writing]] from the [[University of East Anglia]].<ref name="bedell" /> Guest was a journalist for ''[[The Guardian]]'' and ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''.<ref name="publishers">{{Cite news |last=Publishers Weekly staff|title =My Life in Orange: Growing Up with the Guru | periodical =[[Publishers Weekly]] | volume =252 | issue =2 | page =48 | publisher =[[Reed Business Information]] | date =January 10, 2005}}</ref> After the publication of ''My Life in Orange'', Guest later wrote a book about the phenomenon of electronic virtual worlds and video games, titled ''[[Second Lives: A Journey Through Virtual Worlds]]'', published in 2008 by [[Random House]].<ref>{{cite news | last =Musgrove | first =Mike | title =Traversing a Parallel Universe | newspaper =[[The Washington Post]] | page =C13 | date =February 28, 2008 | url =https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/02/27/AR2008022703100_pf.html | access-date =2008-10-17 | url-status =live | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20121106195530/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/02/27/AR2008022703100_pf.html | archive-date =November 6, 2012 }}</ref> On 31 July 2009, Guest died of a suspected heart attack at 34 years old.<ref name="risingliterary" /> He was found dead by his wife Jo; despite her efforts to resuscitate him, she was unable to revive him.<ref name="risingliterary">{{cite news | last = Simpson | first = Aislinn | author2 = Murray Wardrop | title = Rising literary star Tim Guest found dead in bed by new wife | work = [[The Daily Telegraph]] | date = August 6, 2009 | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/5978364/Rising-literary-star-Tim-Guest-found-dead-in-bed-by-new-wife.html | access-date = 2010-04-13 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100727045615/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/5978364/Rising-literary-star-Tim-Guest-found-dead-in-bed-by-new-wife.html | archive-date = July 27, 2010 }}</ref> It was later determined that Guest had died of a [[morphine]] overdose.<ref name="risingliterary" />

==Contents==
Tim Guest's mother Anne was born in 1950 into a Catholic family.<ref name="bedell" /><ref name="hart">{{cite news | last =Hart | first =Christopher | title =Review: Memoir: My Life in Orange by Tim Guest | work =[[The Sunday Times]] | publisher =Times Newspapers Ltd | date =January 25, 2004 | url =http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article999485.ece | access-date =2008-10-17 | url-status =dead | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110616081123/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article999485.ece | archive-date =June 16, 2011 }}</ref> She took courses in psychology at the [[University of Sheffield]].<ref name="leith">{{cite journal | last =Leith | first =William | title =Spiritual fraud | journal =[[New Statesman]] | volume =133 | issue =4675 | pages =52 | publisher =New Statesman, Ltd | date =February 16, 2004 }}</ref> His father was a psychologist on staff at the university.<ref name="curzon" /><ref name="leith" /> She gave birth to Tim Guest in 1975.<ref name="volin">{{cite news | last =Volin | first =Katie | title =Growing up with the guru – Autobiography recounts child's life in a commune| work =[[Kansas City Star]] | page =7 | publisher =The Kansas City Star Co. | date =May 29, 2005 }}</ref> Guest's mother fell in love with another man when Guest was six months old.<ref name="leith" /> She became a feminist, studied [[Ronald David Laing]], and experimented with sex and drugs.<ref name="leith" /> Guest's mother became a follower of Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh when Guest was a toddler,<ref name="kirkus2005">{{Cite news |last=Kirkus Reviews staff|title =Best books for reading groups | periodical =[[Kirkus Reviews]] | volume =73 | issue =8 | pages =S1 | publisher =VNU Business Media | date =April 15, 2005 }}</ref> after listening to a cassette tape of Rajneesh which displayed the cover text "Surrender to me, and I will transform you",<ref name="leith" /> and was titled: "Meditation: the art of ecstasy".<ref name="patterson">{{cite news | last =Patterson | first =Christina | title =THE WEDNESDAY BOOK: A childhood in the cult of the Bhagwan; My Life in Orange | work =[[The Independent]] | date =January 28, 2004 }}</ref> Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh taught his followers his perspective on chaotic therapy, sexual freedom and mysticism.<ref name="haswell" /> She brought her son into the movement in 1979.<ref name="publishers" /> She was given the name of "Ma Prem Vismaya" ([[Sanskrit]]: Mother Love Wonder), and dyed all of her clothes orange.<ref name="hart" /><ref name="patterson" /><ref name="radio">{{cite news|title=My Life In Orange |work=Radio National Breakfast |publisher=abc.net.au |date=February 27, 2004 |url=http://www.abc.net.au/rn/talks/brkfast/stories/s1054467.htm |access-date=2008-10-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041215150105/http://www.abc.net.au/rn/talks/brkfast/stories/s1054467.htm |archive-date=December 15, 2004 }}</ref>

In 1981, his mother took him to live on an [[ashram]] operated by Rajneesh in [[Pune|Poona]], India.<ref name="kirkus2005" /><ref name="IE" /> Guest was renamed as "Yogesh" by Rajneesh.<ref name="telegraph">{{cite news | title = At the whim of one man | work =[[The Daily Telegraph]] | date =January 26, 2004 | url =https://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2004/01/25/bogue25.xml | access-date = 2008-10-17 }}{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> As the [[Rajneesh movement]] grew in influence and became involved in controversy, Guest's mother became more involved in the movement.<ref name="reference">{{cite journal | title =My Life in Orange: Growing up With the Guru | journal =Reference & Research Book News | volume =20 | issue =3 | pages =16 | publisher =Book News, Inc | date =August 1, 2005 }}</ref> Guest was moved to various [[Rajneeshee]] [[Intentional community|communes]], including London, [[Devon]], India, [[Oregon]] and Germany.<ref name="kirkus2005" /> Guest was moved at times to communes and sent to live without his mother.<ref name="reference" /> Guest's mother was involved in running the commune and his father lived in the United States.<ref name="haswell" /> He was raised by other members of the Rajneesh movement,<ref name="haswell" /> and lived with other children in the ashrams.<ref name="curzon" />

His mother ran a commune called "Medina Rajneesh" in Suffolk,<ref name="telegraph" /> and Guest went to a school run on the commune where no history classes were given.<ref name="curzon" /> Guest describes multiple rules he disliked which he had to observe while living on the Osho commune, including a restricted diet and mandated worship.<ref name="kirkus2004" /> His [[stuffed animal]]s and books were taken away from him.<ref name="kirkus2004" /> He did not spend much time with his mother, because she was frequently working for the movement.<ref name="curzon" /> When Rajneesh moved from India to Oregon, Guest and his mother moved to Oregon as well, and though Guest enjoyed roaming on the {{convert|64000|acre|km2|adj=on}} commune he still wished to spend time with his mother.<ref name="curzon" />

His mother was later demoted in leadership status by other members of the female leadership of the commune, and sent with Guest to a commune in Cologne.<ref name="curzon" /> Guest had difficulty learning German, and spent time hiding behind a pile of mattresses with a book and playing with [[Lego]].<ref name="curzon" /> He describes his childhood in the Rajneesh movement as "somewhere in between [[Peter Pan (play and novel)|Peter Pan]] and [[Lord of the Flies]]",<ref>{{cite news | last =Datta | first =Sudipta | title =The past is orange: How a child survived Rajneesh | work =Ahmedabad Newsline | publisher =Indian Express Newspapers (Mumbai) Ltd | date =February 19, 2004 | url =http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=76390 | access-date =2008-10-17 }}{{dead link|date=February 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> and writes that he had 200 "mothers", but did not spend time with his own mother.<ref name="fulford">{{cite news | last =Fulford | first =Robert | title =Seeing a cult through a child's eyes | work =[[National Post]] | date =February 12, 2005 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title =What's it like to be brought up in a cult? | work =Woman's Hour | publisher =BBC Radio 4 | date =January 12, 2004 | url =http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/2004_02_mon_01.shtml | access-date =2008-10-17 | url-status =live | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20080628181138/http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/2004_02_mon_01.shtml | archive-date =June 28, 2008 }}</ref> According to Guest, group leaders in the Rajneesh movement often initiated fourteen and fifteen-year-old girls into sex.<ref name="bedell" /> Guest and his mother left the movement when he was a teenager,<ref name="kirkus2005" /> and she burned all of her orange clothing.<ref name="hart" /> Guest himself left at first; he phoned his mother at age 10 to inform her he was leaving to live with his father in [[San Francisco]].<ref name="bedell" />

When his mother left the group, Guest moved back with her to the United Kingdom.<ref name="bedell" /> Guest, his mother and stepfather Martin moved to north London, and he began the process of experiencing adolescence in a society different from that inside the Rajneesh movement.<ref name="curzon" /><ref name="bedell" /> Guest reentered society at age 11, and faced confusion over the contrast in experiences between his childhood in the Rajneesh movement and his new experiences as a teenager in London.<ref name="engberg">{{Cite journal | last =Engberg | first =Gillian | title = Guest, Tim. My Life in Orange: Growing Up with the Guru | journal =[[Booklist]] | volume =101 | issue =7 | page =622 | publisher =[[American Library Association]] | date =December 1, 2004}}</ref> He enrolled in the [[Haverstock School]] in north London, but had trouble during his teen years with drugs and alcohol.<ref name="bedell" /> He had difficult relations with his stepfather, and had not spent much time with him prior to the move to London.<ref name="bedell" /> Anne and Martin went through a period of time where they thought they were beings from a different world, and read books on [[UFO]]s.<ref name="bedell" /> Guest fostered his interest in reading, and went on to study at university.<ref name="bedell" />

==Reception==
''My Life in Orange'' received generally positive reviews in book trade publications and in the media. ''[[The New Yorker]]'' critic [[John Lahr]] characterized ''My Life in Orange'' as "one of the best autobiographies of the decade".<ref>{{cite news| last =Day | first = Elizabeth | title = Tim Guest's childhood was spent in a strange Indian cult | work = [[The Observer]] | publisher =[[Guardian Media Group]] | date =March 28, 2010 }}</ref> ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' placed the book in its "Top 20 non-fiction" list of "the year's best biographies, histories and memoirs" for 2004,<ref>{{cite news | last =Staff | title = The Christmas list: Top 20 non-fiction: This is our choice of the year's best biographies, histories and memoirs | work =[[The Daily Telegraph]] | page =7 | date =December 4, 2004 }}</ref> and ''[[The Independent]]'' highlighted the book among its "50 Best Books for the Beach".<ref name="independent">{{cite news | last =Staff | title =The 50 Best Books for the Beach | work =[[The Independent]] | date =June 26, 2004 }}</ref> A review in ''Reference & Research Book News'' commented that participants in the Rajneesh movement created "adults like Guest who are marked by the neglect suffered in a childhood among the completely self-absorbed".<ref name="reference" /> ''[[Kirkus Reviews]]'' described the book as "a rightly disturbing record of malignant child neglect by people who sought a heaven, but made a hell".<ref name="kirkus2004">{{Cite journal | last=Kirkus Reviews staff|title =Guest, Tim: My Life in Orange: Growing Up with the Guru | journal =[[Kirkus Reviews]] | volume =72 | issue =22 | pages =1078–1079 | publisher =VNU Business Media | date =November 15, 2004 }}</ref> ''My Life in Orange'' was highlighted among ''Kirkus Reviews'' "Best books for reading groups".<ref name="kirkus2005" /> In his review of the book for ''M2 Best Books'', Peter Haswell concluded: "A thoroughly enjoyable read and a fascinating insight into the workings of a commune along with the people, their beliefs and their attitudes. Both amusing and sad. Pretty much something for everyone."<ref name="haswell" />

{{quote box |width=25em | bgcolor=#c6dbf7 |align=right |salign=right|quote="Guest writes with a reporter's sense of economy and restraint, letting absurd, even shocking details speak for themselves."|source=''[[Booklist]]''<ref name="engberg" />}}
The book received a favorable review in ''[[New Statesman]]'', and William Leith wrote: "This is an excellent study of what happens when a charismatic leader comes into contact with a group of rudderless, dispirited people. They follow him blindly. They let him get away with anything."<ref name="leith" /> Montagu Curzon of ''[[The Spectator]]'' wrote that "Guest makes an astonishingly mature debut (he is 27) and has the rare ability to describe childhood as a small child lives it; accepting, helpless, curious."<ref name="curzon">{{cite journal | last =Curzon | first =Montagu | title =A child of the ashram | journal =[[The Spectator]]| volume =294 | issue =9153 | pages =35 | publisher =The Spectator Ltd | date =January 10, 2004 }}</ref> Lois Kendall gave the book a positive review in ''[[Cultic Studies Review]]'', and wrote: "The book is deep, yet light and readable, both for those who have had similar life experiences and who, I am sure, will find solace in this book, and for those with no such personal experience, who will find the narrative fascinating."<ref name="kendall">{{Cite journal | last =Kendall | first =Lois | title =My Life in Orange — Book Review by Lois Kendall, Ph.D. | journal =[[Cultic Studies Review]] | volume =3 | issue =1 | publisher =[[International Cultic Studies Association]] | year =2004 | url =http://www.icsahome.com/infoserv_bookreviews/bkrev_mylifeinorange.htm | access-date =2008-10-17 | url-status =dead | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20080907135559/http://icsahome.com/infoserv_bookreviews/bkrev_mylifeinorange.htm | archive-date =2008-09-07 }}</ref> ''[[Publishers Weekly]]'' characterized ''My Life in Orange'' as "Honest and vivid, this is an absorbing book about survival and good intentions gone awry."<ref name="publishers" /> Gillian Engberg of ''[[Booklist]]'' called the book a "stirring memoir", and wrote: "Guest writes with a reporter's sense of economy and restraint, letting absurd, even shocking details speak for themselves."<ref name="engberg" /> [[Christopher Hart (novelist)|Christopher Hart]] gave the book a positive review in ''[[The Sunday Times]]'', and wrote: "Tim Guest’s extraordinary account of his childhood in the communes of Bhagwan, the notorious Indian guru, is a survivor’s tale, poignant, funny and wise."<ref name="hart" />

A review in ''The Daily Telegraph'' commented that "the main failure of Guest's otherwise excellent book is the absence of character: even his mother comes across rather as a history than a personality."<ref name="telegraph" /> "''My Life in Orange'', though slightly patchwork in its construction, is an absorbing piece of writing, all the more compelling for begging as many questions as it answers and for the author's refusal to ask for pity," wrote Geraldine Bedell in a review of the book in ''[[The Observer]]''.<ref name="bedell">{{cite news | last =Bedell | first =Geraldine | title =The future was orange: Tim Guest's upbringing as a child of the Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh 'free love' movement in the Sixties left him anything but spiritually enlightened | work =[[The Observer]] | publisher =Guardian News and Media Limited | date =January 11, 2004 | url =https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/jan/11/india.biography | access-date =2008-10-17 | url-status =live | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130827222953/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/jan/11/india.biography | archive-date =August 27, 2013 }}</ref> Director of the [[Cheltenham Festival of Literature]], Christopher Cook, characterized ''My Life in Orange'' as "the most extraordinary account of his [Tim Guest's] childhood and the bravest writing I've read in ages".<ref>{{cite news | last =Barton | first =Laura |author-link=Laura Barton | title =My media: Christopher Cook | work =[[The Guardian]] | date =March 15, 2004 | url =https://www.theguardian.com/media/2004/mar/15/mondaymediasection | access-date =2021-05-06 | url-status =live | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20140110125912/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2004/mar/15/mondaymediasection | archive-date =January 10, 2014 }}</ref> Sudipta Datta of the ''[[Indian Express]]'' described the book as "a postcard from the past that the Osho ashram may not rave about."<ref name="IE">{{cite news | last =Datta | first =Sudipta | title =The past is orange: How a boy survived Osho | work =[[Indian Express]] | date =February 20, 2004 | url =http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=28609 | access-date =2009-04-28 | url-status =live | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120924060118/http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=28609 | archive-date =September 24, 2012 }}</ref> Datta noted though that after having been angry with his mother and Rajneesh, Guest had reconciled with his family, reclaimed his childhood and come to see Rajneesh as "a loveable rogue who got away with doing his own thing".<ref name="IE" /> Catherine A. Powers of ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' characterized the book as a "moving, superbly written account of growing up in the midst of ... cruel madness".<ref name="wriggling">{{cite news | last =Powers | first =Catherine A. | title =Wriggling Out of the Ties That Bind | work =[[The Boston Globe]] | page =D9 | publisher =Globe Newspaper Company | date =February 20, 2005 }}</ref> Michael E. Young of ''[[The Dallas Morning News]]'' gave the book a favorable review, and wrote: "The book offers a glimpse into the thoughts of the followers, and examines the fine line between spirituality and insanity, between religion and cult."<ref name="young">{{cite news | last =Young | first =Michael E. ([[The Dallas Morning News]]) | title =Religion in the Media Book chronicles origins, meanings and purposes of devotions | work =[[Mobile Register]] | page =D2 | date =February 12, 2005 }}</ref> Shane Hegarty of ''[[The Irish Times]]'' characterized the book as "an intriguing and often humorous mix of straightforward 1980s nostalgia and cult delusion".<ref name="irishtimes">{{cite news | last =Hegarty | first =Shane | title =The Irish Times: Paperbacks | newspaper =[[The Irish Times]] | date =January 29, 2005 }}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Books}}
*''[[Breaking the Spell: My Life as a Rajneeshee and the Long Journey Back to Freedom]]'' (2009)
*[[Child neglect]]
{{Clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
*{{cite news | title =My Life in Orange by Tim Guest | work =[[The Guardian]] | publisher =Guardian News and Media Limited | date =January 26, 2004 | url =https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jan/26/digestedread }} — excerpted portion
*{{cite news | title =My Life in Orange: Growing Up with the Guru — by Tim Guest | work =[[WNYC]] | publisher =WNYC Radio | year =2008 | url =http://www.wnyc.org/books/44690 | url-status =dead | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20071120155800/http://www.wnyc.org/books/44690 | archive-date =2007-11-20 }} — excerpted portion

{{Rajneesh movement}}

{{good article}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:My Life In Orange}}
[[Category:2004 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:British autobiographies]]
[[Category:English-language non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Rajneesh movement]]
[[Category:Biological weapons in popular culture]]

Majestic (film)

2026-04-06T22:30:27Z

DexterEdmonson0: creating new pg

{{short description|2002 film by P. N. Satya}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Majestic
| image = Majestic_Kannada_Film_Album_Cover.jpg
| caption = Promotional poster
| director = [[P. N. Sathya]]
| producer = Ba.Ma. Harish M.G. Ramamurthy
| writer = [[P. N. Sathya]]
| screenplay =
| narrator =
| story =
| based_on =
| starring = [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]] [[Sparsha Rekha|Rekha]] [[Jai Jagadish]] Harish Roy
| music = [[Sadhu Kokila]]
| cinematography = Anaji Nagaraj M. R. Seenu
| editing = Nagendra Urs
| studio = Ullas Enterprises
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2002|2|8|[[India]]}}
| runtime = 140 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = Kannada
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}
'''''Majestic''''' is a 2002 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[Action film|action]] [[crime thriller film]] written and directed by [[P. N. Sathya|P. N. Satya]] in his directoral debut . The film stars [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]] in the lead role, along with [[Sparsha Rekha|Rekha]] and [[Jai Jagadish]] in other prominent roles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tv9kannada.com/entertainment/sandalwood/dboss-darshan-birthday-special-top-10-hit-movies-must-watch-191368.html|title = ಡಿಬಾಸ್ ಹುಟ್ಟುಹಬ್ಬ: 'ಮೆಜೆಸ್ಟಿಕ್'ನಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾಲಿಟ್ಟು ಚಾಲೆಂಜಿಂಗ್ ಸ್ಟಾರ್ ಆಗಿ ಮೆರೆದ ಟಾಪ್ 10 ಸಿನಿಮಾ|date = 16 February 2021}}</ref> It was produced by Ullas Enterprises studio. [[Sadhu Kokila]] scored the music.

The film was released on February 8, 2002 and the movie was a superhit and it ran successfully for more than 100 days in theatres. It was the first movie for actor Darshan in the male lead.<ref>{{cite news|title=Majestic remake on the cards|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/majestic-remake-on-the-cards/articleshow/19538199.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=14 April 2013 }}</ref> The film was remade in Telugu as ''[[Charminar (2003 film)|Charminar]]'' (2003).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-charminar.html | title=Telugu cinema review - Charminar - Venkat, Abhirami, Prakah Raj - Sagar - Ghantadi Krishna }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Charminar Review|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/charminar-review-telugu-13232625.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150117204559/http://www.sify.com/movies/charminar-review-telugu-13232625.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 January 2015|website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The film was re released on Darshan's birthday February 16, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/majestic-to-be-re-released-soon/articleshow/89433489.cms|title=Majestic to be re-released soon|date=8 February 2022|work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/feb/09/20-years-of-majestic-darshans-2002-film-to-bere-released-on-his-birthday-2417019.html|title=20 years of Majestic: Darshan's 2002 film to be re-released on his birthday|work=The New Indian Express|date=9 February 2022}}</ref>

==Plot==

Daasa is an [[orphan]], raised by a corrupt [[policeman]], Ranadheera. Daasa makes friends on the streets, and they all become [[gangster]]s when they grow up, working for Ranadheera. One day, Daasa and his gang get a job to separate two college lovers at the request of the boy's father. Daasa's gang goes to the college without Daasa to scare the girl away from the boy, but not before the girl's friend, Kiran, stands up to them and tarnishes Daasa's name. In an attempt at revenge, Daasa changes his appearance to woo Kiran and eventually breaks up with her, emotionally hurting her. To do this, Daasa takes up an alias, Prajwal. However, he falls in love with Kiran and Kiran reciprocates.

Events come to a head when it is revealed that Kiran is Ranadheera's daughther, and Ranadheera discovers that Kiran loves Daasa. Ranadheera reveals to her that Prajwal and Daasa are the same. Subsequently Kiran breaks up with Daasa, leaving him emotionally ruined. Kaveri, Ranadheera's assistant, tries to mend the relationship by revealing to Kiran her father's misdeeds and Daasa's reformed nature. As Kiran confronts her father about this, a drunk and enraged Daasa arrives and stabs Kiran, but not before Kiran reveals that she loves Daasa after discovering his true nature.

Daasa carries Kiran to the hospital, but is temporarily set back by a rival gangster, Naga. During the battle, Kiran dies. After Daasa kills Naga, Ranadheera and the rest of the police force arrive, shooting and killing Daasa. Daasa takes his last breath looking at Kiran's body in his arms.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]] as Prajwal alias Daasa
* [[Sparsha Rekha]] as Kiran
* [[Jai Jagadish]] as Ranadheera
* [[Vanitha Vasu]] as Kaveri
* Malathi Sardeshpande
* Harish Rai as Naga
* NGEF Ramamurthy
* [[Bullet Prakash]]
* [[Bank Janardhan]]
* Bharath Bhagavathar
* Jyothi Gurucharan
* Ramesh Pandith
* Dattaa Manjeshwar
* Sai Prakash
* Umesh Punga
* Nandesh
* Rajaram H. S.
* P. N. Sathya
* Ba. Ma. Harish
}}

==Production==
Darshan, son of veteran actor [[Thoogudeepa Srinivas]], made his acting debut with this film. The film is co-produced by Ba.Ma. Harish and M.G. Ramamurthy under the banner, Ullas Enterprises<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Actor-Darshan-From-Rs-200-per-day-to-Rs-125-crore-per-film/articleshow/10000815.cms?referral=PM|title=Actor Darshan: From Rs 200 per day to Rs 1.25 crore per film|newspaper=The Times of India|date=16 September 2011 |access-date=7 March 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220055309/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Actor-Darshan-From-Rs-200-per-day-to-Rs-125-crore-per-film/articleshow/10000815.cms?referral=PM|archive-date=20 February 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/news/14317-15-years-for-darshan-s-majestic.html|title=15 Years For Darshan's Majestic - chitraloka.com - Kannada Movie News, Reviews - Image|first=|last=|website=www.chitraloka.com|access-date=7 March 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627223950/http://chitraloka.com/news/14317-15-years-for-darshan-s-majestic.html|archive-date=27 June 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Music==
The music of the film was composed by [[Sadhu Kokila]], and the lyrics were written by [[V. Nagendra Prasad]].

{{Infobox album
| name = Majestic
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Sadhu Kokila]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2002|}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = Ashwini Audio
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

{{Track listing
| total_length =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Muddu Manase
| extra1 = [[Unni Krishnan]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Thangali Mele
| extra2 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]
| length2 =
| title3 = Naane Naane
| extra3 = Rajesh Krishnan
| length3 =
| title4 = Majestic Majestic
| extra4 = [[Hemanth Kumar]]
| length4 =
| title5 = Dove Hodiyoke
| extra5 = [[L. N. Shastry]]
| length5 =
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Chitraloka.com]]'' wrote that "The gripping narration and equally wonderful performances makes this film a watchable".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/movie-reviews/2809-majestic-review.html|access-date=5 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021220201337/http://www.chitraloka.com/sections/how_is_it/majestic.html|date=9 February 2002|archive-date=20 December 2002|title='Majestic' Partly fantastic - Overall terrific|work=[[Chitraloka.com]]}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Sify]]'' wrote that "After seeing ''Majestic'' you feel as you had been padlocked in an airless cage while one of those honest–to-goodness unemployed guys struggles to earn a decent wage, even though he is a rowdy".<Ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sify.com/movies/kannada/review.php?id=10960595&ctid=5&cid=2427|title=Review: Majestic|work=[[Sify]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050118013051/http://sify.com/movies/kannada/review.php?id=10960595&ctid=5&cid=2427|archive-date=18 January 2005|access-date=4 May 2024}}</ref>

==Controversies==
In March 2017, actor [[Kiccha Sudeep|Sudeep]] claimed that he was instrumental in getting Darshan a chance as an actor for the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/kannada-actor-darshan-thoogudeepa-ends-his-friendship-with-kiccha-sudeep-here-is-the-actual-reason-4556772/|title=Darshan Thoogudeepa ends his friendship with Sudeep: Here is the actual reason|date=6 March 2017|website=indianexpress.com|access-date=7 March 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511180339/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/kannada-actor-darshan-thoogudeepa-ends-his-friendship-with-kiccha-sudeep-here-is-the-actual-reason-4556772/|archive-date=11 May 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/suddep-darshan-thoogudeepa-fight-friendship-964108-2017-03-06|title=Sudeep is not my friend, tweets actor Darshan Thoogudeepa|date=6 March 2017|website=India Today|access-date=7 March 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810101430/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/suddep-darshan-thoogudeepa-fight-friendship/1/897622.html|archive-date=10 August 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> But there are controversial split statements given by the two co-producers. Ba.Ma. Harish has agreed with Sudeep's statement, whereas
co-producer M.G. Ramamurthy has cleared the air by saying Anji suggested Thoogudeepa Srinivas's son, and they finalized him as the hero at first look.
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/sandalwood/080317/a-split-verdict.html|title=A Split Verdict|website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=8 March 2017 |access-date=16 March 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt14690422}}

[[Category:2002 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:2000s crime action films]]
[[Category:Kannada films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]
[[Category:2002 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Films directed by P. N. Sathya]]

Nazir Hembram

2026-03-30T00:46:04Z

DexterEdmonson0: creating a stub

{{Short description|Santali writer and translator}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Nazir Hembram
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Dumka district, Jharkhand, India
| occupation = Writer, translator
| language = Santali
| nationality = Indian
| notable_works = ''Hende Sadom''
| awards = Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize (2024)
}}

'''Nazir Hembram''' is an Indian Santali writer and translator known for his contribution to Santali literature through translation. He received the [[Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize]] in 2024 for his Santali translation of the Hindi novel ''Kala Ghoda'' by Nilotpal Mrinal.<ref name="LiveHindustan">{{cite news |title=संताली लेखक नाजिर हेम्ब्रम को साहित्य अकादमी अनुवाद पुरस्कार |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/jharkhand/dumka/story-santali-writer-nazir-hembram-receives-sahitya-akademi-translation-award-2024-201741406333461.html |work=Live Hindustan |access-date=2 March 2026 |language=hi}}</ref><ref name="PIB2024">{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Translation Prize 2024 |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2113771 |publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India |access-date=2 March 2026}}</ref><ref name="DeccanChronicle2025">{{cite news
| last = PTI
| title = Turlapati Rajeswari among Sahitya Akademi translation prize winners
| url = https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/andhra-pradesh/turlapati-rajeswari-among-sahitya-akademi-translation-prize-winners-1865479
| work = Deccan Chronicle
| date = 7 March 2025
| access-date = 2 March 2026
| language = en
}}</ref>

== Early life and career ==
Nazir Hembram hails from Dumka district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. He has worked under the [[Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005|Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)]] programme as a Block Programme Officer (BPO) staff member in Kathikund block.<ref name="LiveHindustan" />

Hembram developed an interest in literary translation and undertook the Santali translation of the Hindi novel ''Kala Ghoda''. Despite limited resources and lack of typing facilities, he completed the translation himself after obtaining permission from the original author.<ref name="LiveHindustan" />

== Literary work ==
*''Hende Sadom'', was published in 2022 by Hasil Publication, Jamtara.<ref name="LiveHindustan" />
* ''Seday katha'' (2013)
* ''bandog'' (2020)
* ''Korom Kapal'' (2022)<ref name="PrabhatKhabar2025">{{cite news
| last1 = Soren
| first1 = Dashmat
| title = नाजीर हेंब्रम को साहित्य अकादेमी-2024 का अनुवाद पुरस्कार मिला
| url = https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/jharkhand-news-nazir-hembram-received-the-translation-award-of-sahitya-akademi-2024
| work = Prabhat Khabar
| date = 7 March 2025
| access-date = 2 March 2026
| language = hi
}}</ref>

== Awards and recognition ==
In 2024, Nazir Hembram was awarded the [[Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize]] for ''Hende Sadom'', recognising his contribution to Santali literature through translation.<ref name="PIB2024" /> Nazir Hembram was honoured with the Tode Sutam Memorial Award for his literary works ''Bandok'' and ''Korom Kopal''. The award was presented during the centenary celebration and literary conference held in Dumka under the auspices of the All India Santali Writers’ Association, Santal Pargana Zone.<ref name="PrabhatKhabarTodeSutam">{{cite news
| title = तोड़े सुताम स्मृति पुरस्कार से नाजीर हेंब्रम सम्मानित
| url = https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/dumka/tode-sutam-memorial-award-to-nazir-hembram-literary-service-award-to-bhaiya-hansda-chasa-chunda-soren-sipahi-grj
| work = Prabhat Khabar
| date = 29 October 2023
| access-date = 2 March 2026
| language = hi
}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Santali literature]]
* [[Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hembram, Nazir}}
[[Category:Santali writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Santali]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Penal Code (Malaysia)

2026-03-23T12:31:49Z

DexterEdmonson0: quick corrected references per sources additionally and corrected details based on references

{{Short description|Penal code of Malaysia}}
{{Infobox legislation
| short_title = Penal Code
| legislature = Federal Council of the [[Federated Malay States]]
| image = Coat of arms of the Federated Malay States.svg
| imagesize =
| imagealt =
| caption =
| long_title = An Act relating to criminal offences.
| citation = [https://lom.agc.gov.my/ilims/upload/portal/akta/outputaktap/1841145_BI/WJW23%EF%80%A21011%20Act%20574.pdf Act 574]
| territorial_extent = [[Malaysia]]
| considered_by =
| enacted_by =
| date_enacted = 1936 (F. M. S. Cap. 45) Revised: 1997 (Act 574 w.e.f. 7 August 1997)
| date_passed =
| enacted_by2 =
| date_enacted2 =
| date_passed2 =
| date_assented =
| royal_assent =
| date_signed =
| signed_by =
| date_commenced =
| date_effective = Throughout Malaysia—31 March 1976, Act A327, P.U. (B) 139/1976
| date_of_expiry =
| date_repealed =
| administered_by =
| bill =
| bill_citation =
| bill_date =
| introduced_by =
| 1st_reading =
| 2nd_reading =
| 3rd_reading =
| conf_committee_passed =
| committee_report =
| bill2 =
| bill_citation2 =
| bill_date2 =
| introduced_by2 =
| 1st_reading2 =
| 2nd_reading2 =
| 3rd_reading2 =
| conf_committee_passed2 =
| committee_report2 =
| date_conf_committee =
| white_paper =
| amended_by = Revised Edition of the Laws (Operation) Enactment 1936 [F.M.S. En. 1/1936] Penal Code (Amendment) Enactment 1936 [F.M.S. En. 41/1936] Penal Code (Amendment) Enactment 1937 [F.M.S. En. 11/1937] Statute Law Revision (Chief Secretary's Powers) Enactment 1937 [F.M.S. En. 18/1937] Statute Law Revision (General Amendments) Enactment 1938 [F.M.S. En. 3/1938] Penal Code (Amendment) Enactment 1938 [F.M.S. En. 30/1938] Notification under the Statute Law Revision (General Amendments) Enactment 1938 [F.M.S. G.N. 940/1939] Notification under the Statute Law Revision (General Amendments) Enactment 1938 [F.M.S. G.N. 1702/1939] Sedition Enactment 1939 [F.M.S. En. 13/1939] Transfer of Powers Ordinance 1948 [F.M. Ord. 1/1948] Penal Code (Amendment and Extended Application) Ordinance 1948 [F.M. Ord. 32/1948] Criminal Justice Ordinance 1953 [F.M. Ord. 14/1953] Penal Code (Amendment) Ordinance 1957 [F.M. Ord. 25/1957] Federal Constitution (Modification of Laws) Order 1957 [L.N. (N.S.) 1/1957] Corrigendum to Federal Constitution (Modification of Laws) Order 1957 [L.N. (N.S.) 9/1957] Corrigendum to Federal Constitution (Modification of Laws) Order 1957 [L.N. (N.S.) 56/1957] Banishment Ordinance 1959 [Ord. 11/1959] Kidnapping Act 1961 [Act 41/1961] Courts of Judicature Act 1964 [Act 7/1964] Penal Code (Amendment) Act 1965 [Act 24/1965] Penal Code (Amendment) Act 1965 [Act 1/1966] Penal Code (Amendment) Act 1967 [Act 39/1967] Penal Code (Amendment and Extension) Act 1976 [Act A327] Constitution (Amendment) Act 1976 [Act A354] Penal Code (Amendment) Act 1982 [Act A538] Penal Code and Criminal Procedure Code (Amendment) Act 1983 [Act A549] Penal Code (Amendment) Act 1985 [Act A614] Penal Code (Amendment) Act 1986 [Act A651] Penal Code (Amendment) Act 1989 [Act A727] Penal Code (Amendment) Act 1993 [Act A860] Penal Code (Amendment) Act 2001 [Act A1131] Penal Code (Amendment) Act 2003 [Act A1210] Penal Code (Amendment) Act 2006 [Act A1273] Penal Code (Amendment) Act 2007 [Act A1303] Penal Code (Amendment) Act 2012 [Act A1430] Penal Code (Amendment) Act 2014 [Act A1471] Penal Code (Amendment) Act 2015 [Act A1483] Penal Code (Amendment) Act 2015 [Act A1483] Penal Code (Amendment) Act 2023 [Act A1681] Penal Code (Amendment) (No. 2) Act 2023 [Act A1691]
| repeals =
| related_legislation =
| summary =
| keywords = [[Criminal code]], [[criminal offence]]
| status = In force
}}

The '''Penal Code''' ({{langx|ms|[[Qanun (law)|Kanun]] Keseksaan}} lit. '[[Canon law|Canon]] of Punishment') is the primary law that [[codification (law)|codifies]] most criminal offences and procedures in [[Malaysia]]. Majority of criminal offences such as [[murder]], [[theft]], [[robbery]], [[rape]], [[forgery]], [[Riot|rioting]], [[terrorism]] and [[treason]] fall under the purview of this Code. The current form of Malaysian Penal Code was originated from the [[Federated Malay States]] Penal Code enacted in 1936, which has many similarities with the [[Indian Penal Code]].

==Structure==
Penal Code of Malaysia, in its current form (4 June 2015), sub-divided into twenty three chapters, comprises five hundred and eleven sections (including 37 amendments). The code starts with an introduction, provides explanations and exceptions used in the code, and covers a wide range of offences.

===Chapter I: Preliminary===
:1. Short title
:2. Punishment of offences committed within Malaysia
:3. Punishment of offences committed beyond, but which by law may be tried within Malaysia
:4. Extension of Code to extraterritorial offences
:5. Certain laws not to be affected by this Code

===Chapter II: General Explanations===
:6. Definitions in the Code to be understood subject to exceptions
:7. Expression once explained is used in the same sense throughout the Code
:8. “Gender”
:9. “Number”
:10. “Man” and “woman”
:11. “Person”
:12. “Public”
:13. (Deleted)
:(There are no ss. 14–16)
:17. “Government”
:(There is no s. 18)
:19. “Judge”
:20. “Court”
:21. “Public servant”
:22. “Movable property”
:23. “Wrongful gain” and “wrongful loss”
:24. “Dishonestly”
:25. “Fraudulently”
:26. “Reason to believe”
:27. “Property in possession of wife, clerk or servant”
:28. “Counterfeit”
:29. “Document”
:30. “Valuable security”
:31. “A will”
:32. Words referring to acts include illegal omissions
:33. “Act” and “omission”
:34. Each of several persons liable for an act done by all, in like manner as if done by him alone
:35. When such an act is criminal by reason of its being done with a criminal knowledge or intention
:36. Effect caused partly by act and partly by omission
:37. Cooperation by doing one of several acts constituting an offence
:38. Several persons engaged in the commission of a criminal act, may be guilty of different offences
:39. “Voluntarily”
:40. “Offence”
:(There are no ss. 41–42)
:43. “Illegal”, “unlawful” and “legally bound to do”
:44. “Injury”
:45. “Life”
:46. “Death”
:47. “Animal”
:48. “Vessel”
:49. “Year” and “month”
:50. “Section”
:51. “Oath”
:52. “Good faith”
:52A. “Non-serious offence”
:52B. “Serious offence”

===Chapter III: Punishments===
:53–55. (Deleted)
:(There is no s. 56)
:57. Fractions of terms of punishment
:(There is no s. 58)
:59–60. (Deleted)
:(There are no ss. 61–62)
:63–64. (Deleted)
:(There is no s. 65)
:66–70. (Deleted)
:71. Limit of punishment of offence which is made up of several offences
:72. Punishment of a person found guilty of one of several offences, the judgment stating that it is doubtful of which
:73–74. (Deleted)
:75. Punishment of persons convicted, after a previous conviction of an offence punishable with three years’ imprisonment
:75A. Punishment of mandatory imprisonment for persons convicted of multiple serious offences

===Chapter IV: General Exceptions===
:76. Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law
:77. Act of Judge when acting judicially
:78. Act done pursuant to the judgment or order of a Court
:79. Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified by law
:80. Accident in the doing of a lawful act
:81. Act likely to cause harm but done without a criminal intent, and to prevent other harm
:82. Act of a child under 10 years of age
:83. Act of a child above 10 and under 12 years of age, who has not attained sufficient maturity of understanding
:84. Act of a person of unsound mind
:85. Intoxication when a defence
:86. Effect of defence of intoxication when established
:87. Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent
:88. Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for the benefit of a person
:89. Act done in good faith for the benefit of a child or person of unsound mind, by or by consent of guardian
:90. Consent known to be given under fear or misconception and consent of a child or person of unsound mind
:91. Acts which are offences independently of harm caused to the person consenting, are not within the exceptions in sections 87, 88 and 89
:92. Act done in good faith for the benefit of a person without consent
:93. Communication made in good faith
:94. Act to which a person is compelled by threats
:95. Act causing slight harm

;Right of Private Defence
:96. Nothing done in private defence is an offence
:97. Right of private defence of the body and of property
:98. Right of private defence against the act of a person of unsound mind
:99. Acts against which there is no right of private defence
:100. When the right of private defence of the body extends to causing death
:101. When such right extends to causing any harm other than death
:102. Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of the body
:103. When the right of private defence of property extends to causing death
:104. When such right extends to causing any harm other than death
:105. Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of property
:106. Right of private defence against a deadly assault when there is risk of harm to an innocent person

===Chapter V: Abetment===
:107. Abetment of a thing
:108. Abettor
:108A. Abetment in Malaysia of offences outside Malaysia
:109. Punishment of abetment if the act abetted is committed in consequence, and where no express provision is made for its punishment
:110. Punishment of abetment if the person abetted does the act with a different intention from that of the abettor
:111. Liability of abettor when one act is abetted and a different act is done
:112. Abettor, when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act done
:113. Liability of abettor for an offence caused by the act abetted different from that intended by the abettor
:114. Abettor present when offence committed
:115. Abetment of an offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life
:116. Abetment of an offence punishable with imprisonment
:117. Abetting the commission of an offence by the public, or by more than ten persons
:118. Concealing a design to commit an offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life
:119. A public servant concealing a design to commit an offence which it is his duty to prevent
:120. Concealing a design to commit an offence punishable with imprisonment

===Chapter VA: Criminal Conspiracy===
:120A. Definition of criminal conspiracy
:120B. Punishment of criminal conspiracy

===Chapter VI: Offences against the State===
:121. Waging or attempting to wage war or abetting the waging of war against the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, a Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri
:121A. Offences against the person of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri
:121B. Offences against the authority of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri
:121C. Abetting offences under section 121A or 121B
:121D. Intentional omission to give information of offences against section 121, 121A, 121B or 121C by a person bound to inform
:122. Collecting arms, etc., with the intention of waging war against the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, a Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri
:123. Concealing with intent to facilitate a design to wage war
:124. Assaulting Member of Parliament, etc., with intent to compel or restrain the exercise of any lawful power
:124A. (Deleted)
:124B. Activity detrimental to parliamentary democracy
:124C. Attempt to commit activity detrimental to parliamentary democracy
:124D. Printing, sale, etc., of documents and publication detrimental to parliamentary democracy
:124E. Possession of documents and publication detrimental to parliamentary democracy
:124F. Importation of document and publication detrimental to parliamentary democracy
:124G. Posting of placards, etc.
:124H. Dissemination of information
:124I. Dissemination of false reports
:124J. Receipt of document and publication detrimental to parliamentary democracy
:124K. Sabotage
:124L. Attempt to commit sabotage
:124M. Espionage
:124N. Attempt to commit espionage
:125. Waging war against any power in alliance with the Yang di-Pertuan Agong
:125A. Harbouring or attempting to harbour any person in Malaysia or person residing in a foreign State at war or in hostility against the Yang di-Pertuan Agong
:126. Committing depredation on the territories of any power at peace with the Yang di-Pertuan Agong
:127. Receiving property taken by war or depredation mentioned in sections 125 and 126
:128. Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner of State or war in his custody to escape
:129. Public servant negligently suffering prisoner of State or war in his custody to escape
:130. Aiding escape of, rescuing, or harbouring such prisoner
:130A. Interpretation of this Chapter

===Chapter VIA: Offences Relating to Terrorism===
:130B. Interpretation in relation to this Chapter

;Suppression of Terrorist Act and Support for Terrorist Act
:130C. Committing terrorist acts
:130D. Providing devices to terrorist groups
:130E. Recruiting persons to be members of terrorist groups or to participate in terrorist acts
:130F. Providing training and instruction to terrorist groups and persons committing terrorist acts
:130FA. Receiving training and instruction from terrorist groups and persons committing terrorist acts
:130FB. Attendance at place used for terrorist training
:130G. Inciting, promoting or soliciting property for the commission of terrorist acts
:130H. Providing facilities in support of terrorist acts
:130I. Directing activities of terrorist groups
:130J. Soliciting or giving support to terrorist groups or for the commission of terrorist acts
:130JA. Travelling to, through or from Malaysia for the commission of terrorist acts in foreign country
:130JB. Possession, etc. of items associated with terrorist groups or terrorist acts
:130JC. Offence to build, etc. conveyance for use in terrorist acts
:130JD. Preparation of terrorist acts
:130K. Harbouring persons committing terrorist acts
:130KA. Member of a terrorist group
:130L. Criminal conspiracy
:130M. Intentional omission to give information relating to terrorist acts

;Suppression of Financing of Terrorist Acts
:130N. Providing or collecting property for terrorist acts
:130O. Providing services for terrorist purposes
:130P. Arranging for retention or control of terrorist property
:130Q. Dealing with terrorist property
:130QA. Accepting gratification to facilitate or enable terrorist acts
:130R. Intentional omission to give information about terrorist property
:130S. Intentional omission to give information relating to [[terrorism financing]] offence
:130T. Offences by body corporate
:130TA. Non-application of Offenders Compulsory Attendance Act 1954 and sections 173A, 293 and 294 of the Criminal Procedure Code

===Chapter VIB: Organised Crime===
:130U. Interpretation in relation to this Chapter
:130V. Member of an organised criminal group
:130W. Assisting an organised criminal group
:130X. Harbouring member of an organised criminal group
:130Y. Consorting with an organised criminal group
:130Z. Recruiting persons to be members of an organised criminal group
:130ZA. Participation in an organised criminal group
:130ZB. Accepting gratification to facilitate or enable organised criminal activity
:130ZC. Enhanced penalties for offences committed by an organised criminal group or member of an organised criminal group

===Chapter VII: Offences Relating to the Armed Forces===
:131. Abetting mutiny, or attempting to seduce a soldier or sailor from his duty
:132. Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed in consequence thereof
:133. Abetment of an assault by a soldier or sailor on his superior officer, when in the execution of his office
:134. Abetment of such assault if the assault is committed
:135. Abetment of the desertion of a soldier, sailor or airman
:136. Harbouring a deserter
:137. Deserter concealed on board merchant vessel through negligence of master
:138. Abetment of act of insubordination by a soldier, sailor or airman
:139. Persons subject to Articles of War not punishable under this Code
:140. Wearing the dress of a soldier, sailor or airman
:140A. “Harbour”
:140B. Application of Chapter VII

===Chapter VIII: Offences against the Public Tranquillity===
:141. Unlawful assembly
:142. Being a member of an unlawful assembly
:143. Punishment
:144. Possessing weapons or missiles at unlawful assemblies
:145. Joining or continuing in an unlawful assembly, knowing that it has been commanded to disperse
:146. Force used by one member in prosecution of common object
:147. Punishment for rioting
:148. Possessing weapons or missiles at riot
:149. Every member of an unlawful assembly to be deemed guilty of any offence committed in prosecution of common object
:150. Hiring, or conniving at hiring, of persons to join an unlawful assembly
:151. Knowingly joining or continuing in any assembly of five or more persons after it has been commanded to disperse
:152. Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc.
:153. Wantonly giving provocation, with intent to cause riot
:153A. (Deleted)
:154. Owner or occupier of land on which an unlawful assembly is held
:155. Liability of person for whose benefit a riot is committed
:156. Liability of agent of owner or occupier for whose benefit a riot is committed
:157. Harbouring persons hired for an unlawful assembly
:158. Being hired to take part in an unlawful assembly or riot, or to go armed
:159. Affray
:160. Punishment for committing affray

===Chapter IX: Offences by, or Relating to, Public Servants===
:161. Public servant taking a gratification, other than legal remuneration, in respect of an official act
:162. Taking a gratification in order, by corrupt or illegal means, to influence a public servant
:163. Taking a gratification, for the exercise of personal influence with a public servant
:164. Punishment for abetment by public servant of the offences above defined
:165. Public servant obtaining any valuable thing, without consideration, from person concerned in any proceeding or business transacted by such public servant
:166. Public servant disobeying a direction of the law, with intent to cause injury to any person
:167. Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury
:168. Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade
:169. Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property
:170. Personating a public servant
:171. Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent

===Chapter X: Contempts of the Lawful Authority of Public Servants===
:172. Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding from a public servant
:173. Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereof
:174. Non-attendance in obedience to an order from a public servant
:175. Omission to produce a document to a public servant by a person legally bound to produce such document
:176. Omission to give notice or information to a public servant by a person legally bound to give notice or information
:177. Furnishing false information
:178. Refusing oath when duly required to take oath by a public servant
:179. Refusing to answer a public servant authorized to question
:180. Refusing to sign statement
:181. False statement on oath to public servant or person authorized to administer an oath
:182. False information, with intent to cause a public servant to use his lawful power to the injury of another person
:183. Resistance to the taking of property by the lawful authority of a public servant
:184. Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of a public servant
:185. Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of a public servant
:186. Obstructing public servant in discharge of his public functions
:187. Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance
:188. Disobedience to an order duly promulgated by a public servant
:189. Threat of injury to a public servant
:190. Threat of injury to induce any person to refrain from applying for protection to a public servant

===Chapter XI: False Evidence and Offences against Public Justice===
:191. Giving false evidence
:192. Fabricating false evidence
:193. Punishment for false evidence
:194. Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of a capital offence
:195. Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of an offence punishable with imprisonment
:196. Using evidence known to be false
:197. Issuing or signing a false certificate
:198. Using as a true certificate one known to be false in a material point
:199. False statement made in any declaration which is by law receivable as evidence
:200. Using as true any such declaration known to be false
:201. Causing disappearance of evidence of an offence committed, or giving false information touching it, to screen the offender
:202. Intentional omission, by a person bound to inform, to give information of an offence
:203. Giving false information respecting an offence committed
:203A. Disclosure of information
:204. Destruction of document to prevent its production as evidence
:205. False personation for the purpose of any act or proceeding in a suit
:206. Fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent its seizure as a forfeiture or in execution of a decree
:207. Fraudulent claim to property to prevent its seizure as a forfeiture or in execution of a decree
:208. Fraudulently suffering a decree for a sum not due
:209. Dishonestly making a false claim before a Court
:210. Fraudulently obtaining a decree for a sum not due
:211. False charge of offence made with intent to injure
:212. Harbouring an offender
:213. Taking gifts, etc., to screen an offender from punishment
:214. Offering gift or restoration of property in consideration of screening offender
:215. Taking gift to help to recover stolen property, etc.
:216. Harbouring an offender who has escaped from custody, or whose apprehension has been ordered
:216A. Harbouring robbers or gang-robbers, etc.
:216B. “Harbour”
:217. Public servant disobeying a direction of law with intent to save person from punishment, or property from forfeiture
:218. Public servant framing an incorrect record or writing with intent to save person from punishment, or property from forfeiture
:219. Public servant in a judicial proceeding corruptly making an order, report, etc., which he knows to be contrary to law
:220. Commitment for trial or confinement by a person having authority who knows that he is acting contrary to law
:221. Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of a public servant bound by law to apprehend
:222. Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of a public servant bound by law to apprehend person under sentence of a Court
:223. Escape from confinement negligently suffered by a public servant and facilitating or enabling any terrorist act, etc.
:224. Resistance or obstruction by a person to his lawful apprehension
:225. Resistance or obstruction to the lawful apprehension of another person
:225A. Public servant omitting to apprehend or suffering other persons to escape in cases not already provided for
:225B. Offences against laws of Malaysia where no special punishment is provided
:226. (Deleted)
:227. Violation of condition of remission of punishment
:228. Intentional insult or interruption to a public servant sitting in any stage of a judicial proceeding
:229. Personation of a juror or assessor

===Chapter XII: Offences Relating to Coin and Government Stamps===
:230. Interpretation
:231. (Deleted)
:232. Counterfeiting coin
:233. (Deleted)
:234. Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting coin
:235. Possession of instrument or material for the purpose of using the same for counterfeiting coin
:236. Abetting in Malaysia the counterfeiting out of Malaysia of coin
:237. (Deleted)
:238. Import or export of counterfeit coin
:239. (Deleted)
:240. Delivery of coin, possessed with the knowledge that it is counterfeit
:241. Delivery to another of coin as genuine, which when first possessed the deliverer did not know to be counterfeit
:242. (Deleted)
:243. Possession of coin by a person who knew it to be counterfeit when he became possessed thereof
:(There are no ss. 244–245)
:246. (Deleted)
:247. Fraudulently or dishonestly diminishing the weight or altering the composition of coin
:248. (Deleted)
:249. Altering appearance of coin with intent that it shall pass as a coin of a different description
:250. (Deleted)
:251. Delivery of coin, possessed with the knowledge that it is altered
:252. (Deleted)
:253. Possession of coin by a person who knew it to be altered when he became possessed thereof
:254. Delivery to another of coin as genuine, which when first possessed, the deliverer did not know to be altered
:255. Counterfeiting a Government stamp
:256. Having possession of an instrument or material for the purpose of counterfeiting a Government stamp
:257. Making or selling an instrument for the purpose of counterfeiting a Government stamp
:258. Sale of counterfeit Government stamp
:259. Having possession of a counterfeit Government stamp
:260. Using as genuine a Government stamp known to be counterfeit
:261. Effacing any writing from a substance bearing a Government stamp, or removing from a document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss to Government
:262. Using a Government stamp known to have been before used
:263. Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used

===Chapter XIII: Offences Relating to Weights and Measures===
:264. Fraudulent use of false instrument for weighing
:265. Fraudulent use of false weight or measure
:266. Being in possession of false weights or measures
:267. Making or selling false weights or measures

===Chapter XIV: Offences Affecting the Public Health, Safety, Convenience, Decency and Morals===
:268. Public nuisance
:269. Negligent act likely to spread infection of any disease dangerous to life
:270. Malignant act likely to spread infection of any disease dangerous to life
:271. Disobedience to a quarantine rule
:272. Adulteration of food or drink which is intended for sale
:273. Sale of noxious food or drink
:274. Adulteration of drugs
:275. Sale of adulterated drugs
:276. Sale of any drug as a different drug or preparation
:277. Fouling the water of a public spring or reservoir
:278. Making atmosphere noxious to health
:279. Rash driving or riding on a public way
:280. Rash navigation of a vessel
:281. Exhibition of a false light, mark or buoy
:282. Conveying person by water for hire in a vessel overloaded or unsafe
:283. Danger or obstruction in a public way or navigation
:284. Negligent conduct with respect to any poisonous substance
:285. Negligent conduct with respect to any fire or combustible matter
:286. Negligent conduct with respect to any explosive substance
:287. Negligent conduct with respect to any machinery in the possession or under the charge of the offender
:288. Negligence with respect to pulling down or repairing buildings
:289. Negligence with respect to any animal
:290. Punishment for public nuisance
:291. Continuance of nuisance after injunction to discontinue
:292. Sale, etc., of obscene books, etc.
:293. Sale, etc., of obscene objects to young person
:294. Obscene songs

===Chapter XV: Offences Relating to Religion===
:295. Injuring or defiling a place of worship with intent to insult the religion of any class
:296. Disturbing a religious assembly
:297. Trespassing on burial places, etc.
:298. Uttering words, etc., with deliberate intent to wound the religious feelings of any person
:298A. Causing, etc., disharmony, disunity, or feelings of enmity, hatred or ill will, or prejudicing, etc., the maintenance of harmony or unity, on grounds of religion

===Chapter XVI: Offences Affecting the Human Body===
;Offences Affecting Life
:299. Culpable homicide
:300. Murder
:301. Culpable homicide by causing the death of a person other than the person whose death was intended
:302. Punishment for murder
:(There is no s. 303)
:304. Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder
:304A. Causing death by negligence
:305. Abetment of suicide of child or insane person
:306. Abetment of suicide
:307. Attempt to murder
:308. Attempt to commit culpable homicide
:309. Attempt to commit suicide
:309A. Infanticide
:309B. Punishment for infanticide
:(There are no ss. 310–311)

;Causing Miscarriage; Injuries to Unborn Children; Exposure of Infants; and Concealment of Births
:312. Causing miscarriage
:313. Causing miscarriage without woman’s consent
:314. Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage. If act done without woman’s consent
:315. Act done with intent to prevent a child being born alive or to cause it to die after birth
:316. Causing death of a quick unborn child by an act amounting to culpable homicide
:317. Exposure and abandonment of a child under twelve years by parent or person having care of it
:318. Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body

;Hurt
:319. Hurt
:320. Grievous hurt
:321. Voluntarily causing hurt
:322. Voluntarily causing grievous hurt
:323. Punishment for voluntarily causing hurt
:324. Voluntarily causing hurt by dangerous weapons or means
:325. Punishment for voluntarily causing grievous hurt
:326. Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means
:326A. Punishment for causing hurt by spouse
:327. Voluntarily causing hurt to extort property or to constrain to an illegal act
:328. Causing hurt by means of poison, etc., with intent to commit an offence
:329. Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act
:330. Voluntarily causing hurt to extort confession or to compel restoration of property
:331. Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort confession or to compel restoration of property
:332. Voluntarily causing hurt to deter public servant from his duty
:333. Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to deter public servant from his duty
:334. Voluntarily causing hurt on provocation
:335. Causing grievous hurt on provocation
:336. Punishment for act which endangers life or the personal safety of others
:337. Causing hurt by an act which endangers life or the personal safety of others
:338. Causing grievous hurt by an act which endangers life or the personal safety of others

;Wrongful Restraint and Wrongful Confinement
:339. Wrongful restraint
:340. Wrongful confinement
:341. Punishment for wrongful restraint
:342. Punishment for wrongful confinement
:343. Wrongful confinement for three or more days
:344. Wrongful confinement for ten or more days
:345. Wrongful confinement of person for whose liberation a writ has been issued
:346. Wrongful confinement in secret
:347. Wrongful confinement for the purpose of extorting property or constraining to an illegal act
:348. Wrongful confinement for the purpose of extorting confession or of compelling restoration of property

;Criminal Force and Assault
:349. Force
:350. Criminal force
:351. Assault
:352. Punishment for using criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation
:352A. Punishment for using criminal force by spouse
:353. Using criminal force to deter a public servant from discharge of his duty
:354. Assault or use of criminal force to a person with intent to outrage modesty
:355. Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonour a person, otherwise than on grave provocation
:356. Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property carried by a person
:357. Assault or criminal force in attempt wrongfully to confine a person
:358. Assaulting or using criminal force on grave provocation

;Kidnapping, Abduction, Slavery and Forced Labour
:359. Kidnapping
:360. Kidnapping from Malaysia
:361. Kidnapping from lawful guardianship
:362. Abduction
:363. Punishment for kidnapping
:364. Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder
:365. Kidnapping or abducting with intent secretly and wrongfully to confine a person
:366. Kidnapping or abducting a woman to compel her marriage, etc.
:367. Kidnapping or abducting in order to subject a person to grievous hurt, slavery, etc.
:368. Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement a kidnapped person
:369. Kidnapping or abducting child under ten years with intent to steal movable property from the person of such child
:370. Buying or disposing of any person as a slave
:371. Habitual dealing in slaves
:372. Exploiting any person for purposes of prostitution
:372A. Persons living on or trading in prostitution
:372B. Soliciting for purpose of prostitution
:373. Suppression of brothels
:373A. (Deleted)
:374. Unlawful compulsory labour

;Hostage-Taking
:374A. Hostage-taking

;Rape
:375. Rape
:375A. Husband causing hurt in order to have sexual intercourse
:375B. Gang rape
:376. Punishment for rape

;Incest
:376A. Incest
:376B. Punishment for incest

;Unnatural Offences
:377. Buggery with an animal
:377A. Carnal intercourse against the order of nature
:377B. Punishment for committing carnal intercourse against the order of nature
:377C. Committing carnal intercourse against the order of nature without consent, etc.
:377CA. Sexual connection by object
:377D. Outrages on decency
:377E. Inciting a child to an act of gross indecency

===Chapter XVII: Offences Against Property===
;Theft
:378. Theft
:379. Punishment for theft
:379A. Punishment for theft of a motor vehicle
:380. Theft in dwelling house, etc.
:381. Theft by clerk or servant of property in possession of master
:382. Theft after preparation made for causing death or hurt in order to commit the theft
:382A. Persons convicted of an offence against section 379, 380 or 382 committing subsequent offence against such sections

;Extortion
:383. Extortion
:384. Punishment for extortion
:385. Putting person in fear of injury in order to commit extortion
:386. Extortion by putting a person in fear of death or grievous hurt
:387. Putting person in fear of death or of grievous hurt in order to commit extortion
:388. Extortion by threat of accusation of an offence punishable with death, or imprisonment, etc.
:389. Putting person in fear of accusation of offence, in order to commit extortion

;Robbery and Gang-Robbery
:390. Robbery
:391. Gang-robbery
:392. Punishment for robbery
:393. Attempt to commit robbery
:394. Voluntarily causing hurt in committing robbery
:395. Punishment for gang-robbery
:396. Gang-robbery with murder
:397. Robbery when armed or with attempt to cause death or grievous hurt
:398. (Deleted)
:399. Making preparation to commit gang-robbery
:400. Punishment for belonging to gang of robbers
:401. Punishment for belonging to wandering gang of thieves
:402. Assembling for purpose of committing gang-robbery

;Criminal Misappropriation of Property
:402A. Definition of “agent”, “company”, “director”, “officer”
:403. Dishonest misappropriation of property
:404. Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by a deceased person at the time of his death

;Criminal Breach of Trust
:405. Criminal breach of trust
:406. Punishment of criminal breach of trust
:407. Criminal breach of trust by carrier, etc.
:408. Criminal breach of trust by clerk or servant
:409. Criminal breach of trust by public servant or agent
:409A. Defence not available
:409B. Presumption

;Receiving Stolen Property
:410. Stolen property
:411. Dishonestly receiving stolen property
:411A. Receiving benefit derived from criminal activities of organized criminal group
:412. Dishonestly receiving property stolen in the commission of a gang-robbery
:413. Habitually dealing in stolen property
:414. Assisting in concealment of stolen property

;Cheating
:415. Cheating
:416. Cheating by personation
:417. Punishment for cheating
:418. Cheating with knowledge that wrongful loss may be thereby caused to a person whose interest the offender is bound to protect
:419. Punishment for cheating by personation
:420. Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property

;Fraudulent Deeds and Dispositions of Property
:421. Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent distribution among creditors
:422. Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing from being made available for his creditors a debt or demand due to the offender
:423. Dishonest or fraudulent execution of deed of transfer containing a false statement of consideration
:424. Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of consideration

;Mischief
:425. Mischief
:426. Punishment for committing mischief
:427. Committing mischief and thereby causing damage to the amount of twenty-five ringgit
:428. Mischief by killing or maiming any animal
:429. (Deleted)
:430. Mischief by injury to works of irrigation or by wrongfully diverting water
:430A. Mischief affecting any public transportation
:431. Mischief by injury to public road, bridge or river
:431A. Mischief by injury to telegraph cable, wire, etc.
:432. Mischief by causing inundation or obstruction to public drainage, attended with damage
:433. Mischief by destroying or moving or rendering less useful a lighthouse or seamark, or by exhibiting false lights
:434. Mischief by destroying or moving, etc., a landmark fixed by public authority
:435. Mischief by fire or explosive substance with intent to cause damage to amount of fifty ringgit
:436. Mischief by fire or explosive substance with intent to destroy a house, etc.
:437. Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a decked vessel or a vessel of 20 tons burden
:438. Punishment for the mischief described in the last section when committed by fire or any explosive substance
:439. Punishment for intentionally running vessel aground or ashore with intent to commit theft, etc.
:440. Mischief occurring during disturbances, etc.

;Criminal Trespass
:441. Criminal trespass
:442. House-trespass
:443. Lurking house-trespass
:444. (Deleted)
:445. Housebreaking
:446. (Deleted)
:447. Punishment for criminal trespass
:448. Punishment for house-trespass
:449. House-trespass in order to commit an offence punishable with death
:450. House-trespass in order to commit an offence punishable with imprisonment for life
:451. House-trespass in order to commit an offence punishable with imprisonment
:452. House-trespass after preparation made for causing hurt to any person
:453. Punishment for lurking house-trespass or housebreaking
:454. (Deleted)
:455. Lurking house-trespass or housebreaking after preparation made for causing hurt to any person
:456. (Deleted)
:457. Lurking house-trespass or housebreaking by night in order to commit an offence punishable with imprisonment
:457A. Subsequent offence under section 453 or 457 punishable with whipping after first offence
:458. (Deleted)
:459. Grievous hurt caused whilst committing lurking house-trespass or housebreaking
:460. All persons jointly concerned in housebreaking, etc., to be punishable for death, or grievous hurt caused by one of their number
:461. Dishonestly breaking open any closed receptacle containing or supposed to contain property
:462. Punishment for same offence when committed by person entrusted with custody

===Chapter XVIII: Offences Relating to Documents and to Currency Notes and Bank Notes===
:463. Forgery
:464. Making a false document
:465. Punishment for forgery
:466. Forgery of a record of a Court, or public Register of Births, etc.
:467. Forgery of a valuable security or will
:468. Forgery for the purpose of cheating
:469. Forgery for the purpose of harming the reputation of any person
:470. “A forged document”
:471. Using as genuine a forged document
:472. Making or possessing a counterfeit seal, plate, etc., with intent to commit a forgery punishable under section 467
:473. Making or possessing a counterfeit seal, plate, etc., with intent to commit a forgery punishable otherwise
:474. Having possession of a valuable security or will know to be forged, with intent to use it as genuine
:475. Counterfeiting a device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 467, or possessing counterfeit marked material
:476. Counterfeiting a device or mark used for authenticating documents other than those described in section 467 or possessing counterfeit marked material
:477. Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of a will
:477A. Falsification of accounts
:(There are no ss. 478–489)

;Currency Notes and Bank Notes
:489A. Forging or counterfeiting currency notes or bank notes
:489B. Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit currency notes or bank notes
:489C. Possession of forged or counterfeit currency notes or bank notes
:489D. Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting currency notes or bank notes

===Chapter XIX: Criminal Breach of Contracts of Service===
:490. (Deleted)
:491. Breach of contract to attend on and supply the wants of helpless persons
:492. (Deleted)

===Chapter XX: Offences Relating to Marriage===
:493. Cohabitation caused by a man deceitfully inducing a belief of lawful marriage
:494. Marrying again during the lifetime of husband or wife
:495. Same offence with concealment of the former marriage from the person with whom subsequent marriage is contracted
:496. Marriage ceremony gone through with fraudulent intent without lawful marriage
:(There is no s. 497)
:498. Enticing or taking away or detaining with a criminal intent a married woman

===Chapter XXI: Defamation===
:499. Defamation
:500. Punishment for defamation
:501. Printing or engraving matter known to be defamatory
:502. Sale of printed or engraved substance containing defamatory matter

===Chapter XXII: Criminal Intimidation, Insult and Annoyance===
:503. Criminal intimidation
:504. Intentional insult with intent to provoke a breach of the peace
:505. Statements conducing to public mischief
:506. Punishment for criminal intimidation
:507. Criminal intimidation by an anonymous communication
:508. Act caused by inducing a person to believe that he will be rendered an object of Divine displeasure
:509. Word or gesture intended to insult the modesty of a person
:510. Misconduct in public by a drunken person

===Chapter XXIII: Attempts to Commit Offences===
:511. Punishment for attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonment

==See also==
* [[Criminal code]]

==External links==
* [https://lom.agc.gov.my/act-detail.php?act=574&lang=BI Penal Code] {{PD-notice}}

[[Category:1936 in British Malaya]]
[[Category:Law of British Malaya]]
[[Category:1936 in law]]
[[Category:Criminal codes]]
[[Category:Malaysian federal legislation]]

Mallikarjuna Rao (actor)

2026-03-22T16:41:41Z

DexterEdmonson0:

{{Short description|Indian actor, comedian (1950/51–2008)}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mallikarjuna Rao
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth based on age as of date|57|2008|06|24|noage=1}}
| birth_place = [[Anakapalle]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and given age|2008|06|24|57|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| yearsactive = 1973–2008
| occupation = {{Hlist | Actor | comedian}}
| notable works =
| othername = Battala Satti
| homepage =
| spouse =
}}
'''Peela Mallikarjuna Rao''' ({{birth based on age as of date|57|2008|06|24|noage=1|slash=y}} – 24 June 2008) was an Indian actor and comedian who worked in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] films.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/01/27/stories/2007012702200100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107150234/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/01/27/stories/2007012702200100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-11-07 |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=Vizag's contribution to films |date=2007-01-27 |access-date=2016-12-01}}</ref> Rao, popularly known as Battala Satti for his role in the movie ''[[Ladies Tailor (1985 film)|Ladies Tailor]]'', acted in at least 375 movies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/01/21/stories/2006012100830100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127133041/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/01/21/stories/2006012100830100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-11-27 |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=Comedy is his forte |date=2006-01-21 |access-date=2016-12-01}}</ref>

==Early life==
Rao was born in Kasimkota in [[Anakapalle]], [[Visakhapatnam district]].

==Career==
{{unreferenced section|date=January 2024}}
Mallikarjuna Rao started his career in films in 1973. He became popular with role of 'Battala Sattigadu' in Ladies Tailor directed by [[Vamsy|Vamsi]]. [[Ladies Tailor (1985 film)|Ladies Tailor]], [[Hello Brother (1994 film)|Hello Brother]], [[Thammudu|Tammudu]] and [[Badri (2000 film)|Badri]] are some of the films in which he excelled audience with his comedy.

Telugu actor, writer [[Tanikella Bharani]] treats Mallikarjuna Rao with high respect since the days of Ladies Tailor movie and to his credit Mallikarjuna Rao introduced [[L.B. Sriram]], actor cum writer to director [[Vamsy|Vamsi]], who gave chance to LB Sriram in his movie. Mallikarjuna Rao was the general secretary of the Movie Artists Association. He also served as the chairman of Sri Venkateswara Swami temple in [[Srinagar colony]], [[Hyderabad]]. He is one of the senior most comedians in Tollywood.

"Mallikarjuna Rao was not only a unique actor but also a good human being. He always tried to help others whenever he can," Chiranjeevi said. Several actors recalled the help they received from Rao, who was general secretary of Telugu Movie Artists Association (MAA). Rao was also the secretary of Telugu Desam Party's cultural wing. Party chief N Chandrababu Naidu conveyed his condolences to Rao's family members over the phone. Chief Minister Y S Rajasekhara Reddy too condoled the death of the popular comedian. Rao was survived by wife, two daughters and a son.

==Death==
He died of [[leukaemia]] on 24 June 2008 in [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/06/25/stories/2008062560420600.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080628233557/http://www.hindu.com/2008/06/25/stories/2008062560420600.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2008-06-28 |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=Mallikarjuna Rao passes away |date=2008-06-25 |access-date=2016-12-01}}</ref>

==Awards==
* [[Nandi Award for Best Character Actor]] for [[Thammudu]]

==Filmography==
{{incomplete list|date=January 2024}}
This is the filmography of the Indian actor, Mallikarjuna Rao.

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* ''[[Kirayi Rowdylu]]'' (1981)
* ''[[Manchu Pallaki]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchu Pallaki (1982) |url=https://indiancine.ma/WTK |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> (1982) as Film Director
* ''[[Ramarajyamlo Bheemaraju]]'' (1983)
* ''[[Sitaara]]'' (1984)
* ''[[Jagan (film)|Jagan]]'' (1984)
* ''[[Rustum (1984 film)|Rustum]]'' (1984) as Gopayya
* ''[[Preminchu Pelladu]]'' (1985)
* ''[[Anveshana]]'' (1985) as Puliraju
* ''[[Swathi Muthyam]]'' (1986)
* ''[[Ladies Tailor]]'' (1986)
* ''[[Bhargava Ramudu]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Lawyer Suhasini]]'' (1987)
* ''Raga Leela'' (1987)
* ''[[Bhanumati Gari Mogudu]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Swayamkrushi]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Sruthilayalu]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Sankeertana]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Sthree Sahasam (1987 film)|Sthree Sahasam]]''<ref>{{Citation |title=STHREE SAHASAM {{!}} TELUGU FULL MOVIE {{!}} SILK SMITHA {{!}} TELUGU MOVIE ZONE |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zmhWLjZrRjQ |access-date=2023-11-08 |language=en |archive-date=8 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108193205/https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=zmhWLjZrRjQ |url-status=live }}</ref> (1987) as Pasupathi's ([[Sarathi (comedian)|Sarathi]]) father-in-law
* ''[[Sri Kanaka Mahalakshmi Recording Dance Troupe]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Varasudochadu]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Station Master (1988 film)|Station Master]]'' (1988)
* ''Anna Chellelu'' (1988) as Chitti Babu
* ''[[Chettu Kinda Pleader]]'' (1989) as Yesupadam
* ''[[Sarvabhoumudu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sarvabhoumudu |url=https://telugu.yousay.tv/en/tfidb/movie/Sarvabhoumudu_Oz56llZPoT |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=telugu.yousay.tv}}</ref> (1989) as Mantamandel Rao
* ''[[Hai Hai Nayaka]]'' (1989)
* ''[[Soggaadi Kaapuram|Soggadi Kaapuram]]''<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://watch.plex.tv/movie/soggadi-kapuram |title=Soggadi Kapuram |language=en |access-date=2024-09-25 |via=watch.plex.tv}}</ref> (1989) as Corrupt lawyer
* ''Gopala Rao Gari Abbayi'' (1989)
* ''Aakhari Kshanam'' (1989)
* ''[[Bala Gopaludu]]'' (1989)
* ''[[Aarthanadham]]''<ref>{{Citation |title=Aarthanadam Telugu Full Movie {{!}} Rajasekhar, Seetha, Chandra Mohan | date=16 September 2016 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzuN4hhK87A |access-date=2023-05-23 |language=en |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630071126/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzuN4hhK87A |url-status=live }}</ref> (1989) as Avatharam
* ''Chevilo Puvvu'' (1990) as Peon Appa Rao
* ''[[Rao Gari Intlo Rowdy]]'' (1990)
* ''[[Aayudham (1990 film)|Aayudham]]'' (1990)
* ''[[Iddaru Iddare (1990 film)!|Iddaru Iddare]]'' (1990)
* ''[[Kaliyuga Abhimanyudu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaliyuga Abhimanyudu (1990) {{!}} V CINEMA - Movie, Review, Cast, Songs & Release Date |url=https://www.vcinema.com/movie/about:blank |access-date=2023-11-02 |website=www.vcinema.com |language=en |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707161434/https://www.vcinema.com/movie/about:blank |url-status=live }}</ref> (1990) as Venkanna Babu
* ''[[Iddaru Pellala Muddula Police]]'' (1991) as Madhavaiah
* ''[[Edurinti Mogudu Pakkinti Pellam]]'' (1991) as Pullaiah
* ''[[Kobbari Bondam]]'' (1991)
* ''Police Encounter'' (1991)
* ''[[April 1 Vidudala]]'' (1991) as Chinna Rao
* ''[[Attintlo Adde Mogudu]]'' (1991)
* ''[[Sundarakanda (1992 film)|Sundarakanda]]'' (1992)
* ''[[Appula Appa Rao]]'' (1992)
* ''Samsarala Mechanic'' (1992)
* ''[[Detective Narada]]'' (1992)
* ''Alexander'' (1992)
* ''[[Rajendrudu Gajendrudu]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Ali Baba Aradajanu Dongalu]]'' (1993)
* ''Donga Alludu'' (1993)
* ''[[Joker (1993 film)|Joker]]'' (1993) as Subbaraju
* ''[[Repati Rowdy]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Repati Rowdy (1993) Telugu Movie Review, Rating - Raghu |url=https://www.thecinebay.com/movie/index/id/6870?ed=Tolly |access-date=2023-04-21 |website=www.thecinebay.com |archive-date=21 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421213146/https://www.thecinebay.com/movie/index/id/6870?ed=Tolly |url-status=live }}</ref>(1993)
* ''[[Aadarsham (1993 film)|Aadarsham]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Nippu Ravva]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Asale Pellaina Vaani]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Abbayigaru]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Hello Brother (1994 film)|Hello Brother]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Gharana Alludu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gharana Alludu (1994) |url=https://indiancine.ma/AIPH |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> (1994) as Military Commander whose gun is stolen
* ''[[Allarodu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Allarodu (1994) |url=https://indiancine.ma/AIKG |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> (1994) as Aakasaramaiah
*'' [[Top Hero]]'' (1994)
*'' Palleturi Mogudu'' (1994) as Chitrangi's Husband
*''[[Parugo Parugu]]'' (1994) as S. I. Appalakonda
*''[[Kishkindha Kanda (film)|Kishkindha Kanda]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Sisindri]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Vajram (1995 film)|Vajram]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Taj Mahal (1995 film)|Taj Mahal]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Khaidi Inspector]]''<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=shared&v=a0NjRSKKYTU |title=Khaidi Inspector Full Length Telugu Movie {{!}}{{!}} Suman, Rambha, Maheshwari {{!}}{{!}} Ganesh Videos |date=2014-11-05 |last=Ganesh Videos |access-date=2024-11-24 |via=YouTube}}</ref> (1995) as Head Constable Vishwanatham
* ''[[Subha Sankalpam]]'' (1995)
*''[[Madhya Taragati Maha Bharatnam]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Sogasu Chooda Tarama!]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Ketu Duplicate]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Raja Simham]]'' (1995)
* ''Miss 420'' (1995)
* ''[[Ghatothkachudu]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Telugu Veera Levara]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Teluguveera Levaraa (1995) |url=https://indiancine.ma/AJWT |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Indiancine.ma |archive-date=14 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214193602/https://indiancine.ma/AJWT |url-status=live }}</ref> (1995) as Harischandrudu B.A.
* ''Street Fighter''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Street Fighter (1995) |url=https://indiancine.ma/AOWQ |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=Indiancine.ma |archive-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704191057/https://indiancine.ma/AOWQ |url-status=live }}</ref> (1995) as Lawyer
* ''[[Alibaba Adbhuta Deepam]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alibaba Adbhuta Deepam on Moviebuff.com |url=https://www.moviebuff.com/alibaba-adbhuta-deepam |access-date=2024-04-01 |website=Moviebuff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Alibaba Adbhuta Deepam Movie Cast |url=https://www.filmiclub.com/movie/alibaba-adbhuta-deepam-2000-telugu-movie/cast-crew |access-date=1 April 2024 |archive-date=1 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201015828/https://www.filmiclub.com/movie/alibaba-adbhuta-deepam-2000-telugu-movie/cast-crew |url-status=dead }}</ref> (1995) as Rettala Pittaiah
* ''[[Alluda Majaka]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Jagadeka Veerudu Athiloka Sundari]]'' (1996)
* ''[[Topi Raja Sweety Roja]]'' (1996)
* ''[[Vamsanikokkadu]]'' (1996)
* ''Nalla Pussalu'' (1996)
* ''[[Intlo Illalu Vantintlo Priyuralu]]'' (1996)
* ''[[Ramudochadu]]'' (1996)
* ''[[Akkada Ammayi Ikkada Abbayi]]'' (1996)
* ''[[Vinodam]]'' (1996)
* ''[[Dongaata (1997 film)|Dongaata]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Aahvaanam]]'' (1997)
* ''Nayanamma'' (1997)
* ''[[Pattukondi Chuddam]]'' (1997)
* ''Kaliyugamlo Gandaragolam'' (1997)
* ''Vammo Vatto O Pellaamo'' (1997)
* ''[[Subhakankshalu]]'' (1997)
* ''[[W/o V. Vara Prasad]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Pelli (film)|Pelli]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Ayyinda Leda]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=FilmiClub |title=Ayyinda Leda (2005) Complete Cast & Crew |url=https://www.filmiclub.com/movie/ayyinda-leda-2005-telugu-movie/cast-crew |access-date=2024-05-05 |website=FilmiClub |language=en-US |archive-date=5 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505205428/https://www.filmiclub.com/movie/ayyinda-leda-2005-telugu-movie/cast-crew |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayyinda Ledha (1997) Telugu Movie: Watch Full HD Movie Online On JioCinema |url=https://www.jiocinema.com/movies/ayyinda-ledha/3494993 |access-date=2024-05-05 |website=www.jiocinema.com |language=en}}</ref> (1997) as Mammootty, Hotel Owner
* ''[[Chilakkottudu]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Muddula Mogudu (1997 film)|Muddula Mogudu]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Gokulamlo Seeta]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Annamayya (film)|Annamayya]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Maa Nannaku Pelli]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Oka Chinna Maata]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Thaali (1997 film)|Thaali]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Pelli Pandiri]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Rajahamsa]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Ooyala (film)|Ooyala]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Ulta Palta (1998 film)|Ulta Palta]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Suryavamsam (1998 film)|Suryavamsam]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Maavidaakulu]]'' (1998)
* ''Subbaraju Gari Kutumbam'' (1998)
* ''[[Pavitra Prema]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Pelli Kanuka (1998 film)|Pelli Kanuka]]'' (1998)
* ''[[O Panaipothundi Babu]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Suprabhatam (1998 film)|Suprabhatam]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Suryudu]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Sneham Kosam]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Iddaru Mitrulu (1999 film)|Iddaru Mitrulu]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Harischandra (1999 film)|Harischandra]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Maa Balaji]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Thammudu]]'' (1999) as Malli
* ''[[Ravoyi Chandamama]]'' (1999) as Mallaiah
* ''[[Nuvvu Vastavani]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Badri (2000 film)|Badri]]'' (2000) as Manikantha
* ''[[Goppinti Alludu]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Navvuthu Bathakalira]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Bhadrachalam (film)|Bhadrachalam]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Ammo Bomma]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Ammo! Okato Tareekhu]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Nuvvu Naaku Nachav]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Bava Nachadu]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Bhalevadivi Basu]]'' (2001) as Ammu Raju
* ''[[Preminchu]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Kalisi Naduddam]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Akasa Veedhilo]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Prema Sandadi]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Thank You Subba Rao]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Jabili]]'' (2001)
* ''[[6 Teens]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Veedekkadi Mogudandi!]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Simharasi]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Raghava (film)|Raghava]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Tappu Chesi Pappu Koodu]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Sahasa Baludu Vichitra Kothi]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahasa Baludu Vichitra Kothi Movie Cast |url=https://www.vcinema.com/movie/sahasa-baludu-vichitra-kothi-2002}}</ref> (2002) as Manager Pichayya
* ''[[Vachina Vaadu Suryudu]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Avunu Valliddaru Ista Paddaru!]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Girl Friend (2002 film)|Girl Friend]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Fools (2003 film)|Fools]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Johnny (2003 film)|Johnny]]'' (2003) as Anthony
* ''[[Simhachalam (film)|Simhachalam]]'' (2003) as Thaadi Mattaiah
* ''[[Aadanthe Ado Type]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Ottesi Cheputunna]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Ninne Ishtapaddanu]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Palnati Brahmanayudu]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Seetayya]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Nenu Pelliki Ready]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Preminchukunnam Pelliki Randi]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Maa Alludu Very Good]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Lakshmi Narasimha (film)|Lakshmi Narasimha]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Swetha Naagu]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Varsham (2004 film)|Varsham]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Malliswari (2004 film)|Malliswari]]'' (2004)
* ''[[143 (2004 film)|143]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Bhadradri Ramudu]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Venky]]'' (2004) as Jagadamba Chowdary (J.C.)
* ''[[Andaru Dongale Dorikite]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Chanti (2004 film)|Chanti]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Evadi Gola Vaadidhi]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Adirindayya Chandram]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Dhairyam (2005 film)|Dhairyam]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Sada Mee Sevalo]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Nuvvante Naakishtam]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Dhana 51]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Chakram (2005 film)|Chakram]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Athadu]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Pournami (film)|Pournami]]'' (2006) as Priest
* ''[[Veedhi]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Kithakithalu]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Mayajalam]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Gopi – Goda Meeda Pilli]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Bhagyalakshmi Bumper Draw]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Annavaram (film)|Annavaram]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Athili Sattibabu LKG]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Gundamma Gaari Manavadu]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Dubai Seenu]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Bhajantrilu]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Seema Sastri]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Allare Allari]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Yamagola Malli Modalayindi]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Raju Bhai]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Pellaindi Kaani]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Nava Vasantham]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Pagale Vennela]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Mantra (2007 film)|Mantra]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Swagatam]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Krishnarjuna]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Bommana Brothers Chandana Sisters]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Rainbow (2008 film)|Rainbow]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Michael Madana Kamaraju]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Baladoor]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Nenu Meeku Telusa?]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Jalsa]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Bhale Dongalu]]'' (2008) as Kotaiah
* ''[[Veedu Mamoolodu Kadu]]'' (2008) (posthumous release)
* ''Sweet Heart'' (2009) (posthumous release)
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=0540029|name=Mallikarjuna Rao}}

{{Nandi Award for Best Character Actor}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rao, Mallikarjuna}}
[[Category:1950s births]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Telugu comedians]]
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]
[[Category:People from Visakhapatnam district]]
[[Category:Male actors from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:People from Uttarandhra]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian comedians]]

Department of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry & Co-operative (Jharkhand)

2026-03-22T14:24:05Z

DexterEdmonson0: Made Some Stub From Scratch!

{{Short description|Department of Government of Jharkhand}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Department of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry & Co-operative
| native_name = कृषि, पशुपालन और सहकारिता विभाग
| type = Department
| logo =
| logo_width =
| logo_caption =
| seal = Jharkhand Rajakiya Chihna.svg
| seal_width = 170
| seal_caption =
| picture =
| picture_width =
| picture_caption =
| formed =
| preceding1 =
| preceding2 =
| dissolved =
| superseding =
| jurisdiction = [[Government of Jharkhand]]
| headquarters = Nepal House, Doranda, [[Ranchi]], [[Jharkhand]]
| coordinates =
| employees =
| budget =
| minister1_name = [[Shilpi Neha Tirkey]]
| minister1_pfo = Minister in Charge
| minister2_name =
| minister2_pfo =
| deputyminister1_name =
| deputyminister1_pfo =
| deputyminister2_name =
| deputyminister2_pfo =
| chief1_name = Aboobacker Siddique P, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| chief1_position = [[Secretary]]
| chief2_name =
| chief2_position =
| agency_type =
| parent_department =
| parent_agency =
| child1_agency =
| child2_agency =
| keydocument1 =
| website = {{URL|https://www.jharkhand.gov.in/agriculture|Official Website}}
| footnotes =
| map =
| map_width =
| map_caption =
}}

The '''Department of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry & Co-operative''' is a department under the [[Government of Jharkhand]]. It is responsible for implementing policies and programmes related to agriculture, horticulture, soil conservation, animal husbandry, dairy development, fisheries, and cooperative societies in the state.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official website - Agriculture, Animal Husbandry & Co-operative, Department |url=https://www.jharkhand.gov.in/agriculture |website=jharkhand.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry & Co-oprative |url=https://agri.jharkhand.gov.in/ |access-date=3 Oct 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-18 |title=What's integrated farming, the animal husbandry dept's initiative in Jharkhand - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/what-is-integrated-farming-the-animal-husbandry-departments-initiative-in-jharkhand-19303981.htm |access-date=2025-10-03 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Department |first=Jharkhand Government Fisheries |title=Directorate of Fisheries |url=https://jharkhandfisheries.org |access-date=2025-10-03 |website=jharkhandfisheries.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SAMETI JHARKHAND |url=https://www.sameti.org/ |access-date=2025-10-03 |website=www.sameti.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last3=views |title=Jharkhand Govt to Subsidize Egg Production for Entrepreneurship |url=https://money.rediff.com/news/market/jharkhand-govt-to-subsidize-egg-production-for-entrepreneurship/26814620250514 |access-date=2025-10-03 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jharkhand aiming to up fish production to 10 ton per hectare in 5 yrs Minister |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2025/05/29/ces20-jh-fishery.html |access-date=2025-10-03 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref>

The department provides support to farmers and rural communities through extension services, training, veterinary care, input subsidies, and cooperative structures.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-07-31 |title=Working to make farmers self-reliant, says agri min Tirkey |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/working-to-make-farmers-self-reliant-says-agri-min-tirkey/articleshow/123027450.cms |access-date=2025-10-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Its functions also include promoting sustainable farming practices, expanding irrigation facilities, improving seed and fertilizer supply, strengthening market linkages, and developing allied sectors such as livestock, dairy and fisheries to enhance rural livelihoods and food security.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2025-06-14 |title=Jharkhand aims to become prominent state for organic farming: Minister |url=https://theprint.in/india/jharkhand-aims-to-become-prominent-state-for-organic-farming-minister/2658106/ |access-date=2025-10-03 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-25 |title=State to distribute 80k quintals of Kharif seeds this year |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/state-to-distribute-80k-quintals-of-kharif-seeds-this-year/articleshow/121397745.cms |access-date=2025-10-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Animal husbandry emerging as reliable income source for Jharkhand farmers |url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/animal-husbandry-emerging-as-reliable-income-source-for-jharkhand-farmers-124100900307_1.html |access-date=3 Oct 2025 |work=Business Standard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2025-01-16 |title=लातेहार में मुर्गी पालन बन रहा ग्रामीणों के लिए वरदान, कृषि विभाग दिखा रहा है तरक्की का रास्ता |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hi/!state/poultry-farming-scheme-became-a-source-of-income-for-villagers-jharkhand-news-jhs25011601835 |access-date=2025-10-03 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-30 |title=Jharkhand eyes pole position in country's fish production |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/jharkhand-eyes-pole-position-in-countrys-fish-production/articleshow/121503561.cms |access-date=2025-10-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-28 |title=Abandoned coal pits turn into fish farms, provide livelihood in Jharkhand |url=https://www.livemint.com/focus/abandoned-coal-pits-turn-into-fish-farms-provide-livelihood-in-jharkhand-11751093554020.html |access-date=2025-10-03 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=The Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Government of India launched the 'A-HELP' programme today at Jharkhand |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1966475 |work=Press Information Bureau}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-12-17 |title=Government ponds to be leased at panchayat level in Jharkhand |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/government-ponds-to-be-leased-at-panchayat-level-in-jharkhand/articleshow/116396098.cms |access-date=2025-10-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Ministerial team==
The department is headed by the Cabinet Minister of Jharkhand. Civil servants such as the Secretary are appointed to support the minister in managing the department and implementing its functions. Since December 2024, the minister for Department of Department of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry & Co-operative is [[Shilpi Neha Tirkey]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Satyajeet |date=2024-12-07 |title=Hemant Soren allocates portfolios to ministers, keeps Home Ministry |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/jharkhand-hemant-soren-allocates-portfolios-to-ministers-keeps-home-ministry-2646285-2024-12-07 |access-date=2025-10-03 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=झारखंडः कृषि मंत्री शिल्पी नेहा तिर्की झमाझम बारिश के बीच पहुंचीं खेत में, महिलाओं के साथ की धान की रोपनी |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/jharkhand/ranchi/jharkhand-agriculture-minister-shilpi-neha-tirkey-joins-women-in-paddy-transplanting-amidst-rain/articleshow/122770947.cms |access-date=2025-10-03 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Government departments of Jharkhand]]

Free trade agreement

2026-03-21T18:11:56Z

DexterEdmonson0: add layout further based on references

{{short description|Bi- or multi-lateral agreement to remove all trade barriers between signatory states}}

A '''free trade agreement''' ('''FTA''') or [[treaty]] is an agreement according to [[international law]] to form a [[free-trade area]] between the cooperating [[state (polity)|states]]. There are two types of trade agreements: [[Bilateralism|bilateral]] and [[Multilateralism|multilateral]]. Bilateral trade agreements occur when two countries agree to loosen [[trade restrictions]] between the two of them, generally to expand business opportunities. Multilateral trade agreements are agreements among three or more countries, and are the most difficult to negotiate and agree.<ref>[https://www.edumaritime.net/icc-academy/free-trade-agreement-certificate-ftac-online Free Trade Agreement, ICC Academy]</ref>

FTAs, a form of trade pacts, determine the [[tariffs]] and duties that countries impose on imports and exports with the goal of reducing or eliminating [[trade barriers]], thus encouraging [[international trade]].<ref name="The Balance">{{cite web | title= 3 Types of Free Trade Agreements and How They Work | website= The Balance | url= https://www.thebalance.com/free-trade-agreement-types-and-examples-3305897 | access-date= 2019-03-24}}</ref> Such agreements usually "center on a chapter providing for preferential tariff treatment", but they also often "include clauses on [[trade facilitation]] and rule-making in areas such as investment, [[intellectual property]], [[government procurement]], [[technical standards]] and sanitary and [[Phytosanitary certification|phytosanitary]] issues".<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://trade.ec.europa.eu/tradehelp/free-trade-agreements|title= Rules of origin under free-trade agreements|website= EC Trade Helpdesk|access-date= 2019-06-06|archive-date= 2018-05-07|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180507101515/https://trade.ec.europa.eu/tradehelp/free-trade-agreements|url-status= dead}}</ref>

Important distinctions exist between [[customs union]]s and free-trade areas. Both types of [[trading bloc]] have internal arrangements which parties conclude in order to liberalize and facilitate trade among themselves. The crucial difference between customs unions and free-trade areas is their approach to [[wikt:third party|third parties]]. While a customs union requires all parties to establish and maintain identical external tariffs with regard to trade with non-parties, parties to a free-trade area are not subject to such a requirement. Instead, they may establish and maintain whatever tariff regime applying to imports from non-parties as they deem necessary.<ref>{{Cite journal|last= Krueger|first= Anne|date= 1995|title =Free Trade Agreements versus Customs Unions|url= https://www.nber.org/papers/w5084.pdf|journal= NBER Working Paper No. 5084|via= NBER.}}</ref> In a free-trade area without harmonized external tariffs, to eliminate the risk of [[trade deflection]], parties will adopt a system of preferential [[rules of origin]].<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://findrulesoforigin.org/glossary/glossary_roo|title= Rules of Origin Facilitator|website= ITC|access-date= 2019-06-06|archive-date= 2019-06-23|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190623041241/http://findrulesoforigin.org/Glossary/Glossary_Roo|url-status= dead}}</ref>

The [[General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade]] (GATT 1994) originally defined free-trade agreements to include only trade in [[goods]].<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/region_e/regatt_e.htm|title= The basic rules for goods|website= WTO}}</ref> An agreement with a similar purpose, i.e., to enhance liberalization of trade in [[Service (economics)|services]], is named under Article V of the General Agreement on Trade in Service (GATS) as an "economic integration agreement".<ref>
{{Cite web|url= https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/26-gats_01_e.htm#articleV|title= General Agreement on Trade in Services|website= WTO}}
</ref> However, in practice, the term is now widely used in politic science, diplomacy and economics to refer to agreements covering not only goods but also services and even [[investment]]. Environmental provisions have also become increasingly common in international investment agreements, like FTAs.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Condon|first=Madison|date=2015-01-01|title=The Integration of Environmental Law into International Investment Treaties and Trade Agreements: Negotiation Process and the Legalization of Commitments|url=https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/faculty_scholarship/989|journal=Virginia Environmental Law Journal|volume=33|issue=1|pages=102}}</ref>'''{{rp|104}}'''

== History ==
{{expand section|date=December 2019}}
The [[OED]] records the use of the phrase "free trade agreement" with reference to the [[Australian colonies]] as early as 1877.<ref>
{{OED | free trade}}
</ref> After the WTO's [[World Trade Organization]] - which has been considered by some as a failure for not promoting trade talks, but a success by others for preventing trade wars - states increasingly started exploring options to conclude FTAs.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Nissen|first=A.|date=2022|title=Not That Assertive: The EU's Take on Enforcement of Labour Obligations in Its Free Trade Agreement with South Korea |journal=European Journal of International Law|volume=XX|issue=XX|pages=607–630 |doi=10.1093/ejil/chac037|doi-access=free|hdl=1887/3491990|hdl-access=free}}</ref>

===== Development of free trade agreements =====
Modern trade diplomacy began to take shape with the 1860 [[Cobden–Chevalier Treaty]] signed by Great Britain and France. By introducing the "most-favored-nation" clause, this agreement served as a template for subsequent liberal trade policies across Europe until the resurgence of protectionist measures in the early 1900s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cobden-Chevalier Treaty |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/cobden-chevalier-treaty |url-status=}}</ref>

Following World War II, the global trade landscape shifted toward multilateralism with the establishment of the [[General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade]] (GATT) in 1947.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The GATT years: from Havana to Marrakesh |url=https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/fact4_e.htm}}</ref> While the GATT aimed to reduce tariffs globally, it also provided a legal framework under Article XXIV for nations to form smaller, more integrated regional trade blocs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Free Trade Areas |url=https://opil.ouplaw.com/display/10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690/law-9780199231690-e644}}</ref>

The final decade of the 20th century saw a dramatic acceleration in regional trade integration.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Historical background and current trends |url=https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/anrep_e/wtr11-2b_e.pdf}}</ref> Key milestones included the 1993 formalization of the [[European Union]] (EU) and the 1994 launch of the [[North American Free Trade Agreement]] (NAFTA).

== Legal aspects of free trade agreements ==
The formation of free trade areas is considered an exception to the [[Most favoured nation|most favored nation]] (MFN) principle in the [[World Trade Organization]] (WTO) because the preferences that parties to a free-trade area exclusively grant each other go beyond their accession commitments.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.meti.go.jp/english/report/data/2015WTO/02_01.pdf|title=Most-Favored-Nation Treatment Principle|website=METI}}</ref> Although Article XXIV of the GATT allows WTO members to establish free-trade areas or to adopt interim agreements necessary for the establishment thereof, there are several conditions with respect to free-trade areas, or interim agreements leading to the formation of free-trade areas.

Firstly, duties and other regulations maintained in each of the signatory parties to a free-trade area, which are applicable at the time such free-trade area is formed, to the trade with non-parties to such free-trade area shall not be higher or more restrictive than the corresponding duties and other regulations existing in the same signatory parties prior to the formation of the free-trade area. In other words, the establishment of a free-trade area to grant preferential treatment among its member is legitimate under WTO law, but the parties to a free-trade area are not permitted to treat non-parties less favorably than before the area is established. A second requirement stipulated by Article XXIV is that tariffs and other barriers to trade must be eliminated to substantially all the trade within the free-trade area.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/gatt47.pdf|title=General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade|website=WTO}}</ref>

Free trade agreements forming free-trade areas generally lie outside the realm of the multilateral trading system. However, WTO members must notify to the Secretariat when they conclude new free trade agreements and in principle the texts of free trade agreements are subject to review under the Committee on Regional Trade Agreements.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/region_e/regcom_e.htm|title=The Committee on Regional Trade Agreements|website=WTO}}</ref> Although a dispute arising within free-trade areas are not subject to litigation at the WTO's Dispute Settlement Body, "there is no guarantee that WTO panels will abide by them and decline to exercise jurisdiction in a given case".<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Todeschini-Marthe|first=Céline|date=2018|title=Dispute Settlement Mechanisms Under Free Trade Agreements and the WTO: Stakes, Issues and Practical Considerations: A Question of Choice?|url=http://www.kluwerlawonline.com/GTCJ2018044|journal=Global Trade and Customs Journal|volume=13|issue=9|pages=387–403 |doi=10.54648/GTCJ2018044 |s2cid=158819252 |via=Kluwer Law Online|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

A free trade agreement is a reciprocal agreement, which is allowed by Article XXIV of the GATT. Whereas, autonomous trade arrangements in favor of developing and [[least developed countries]] are permitted by the ''Decision on Differential and More Favorable Treatment, Reciprocity and Fuller Participation of Developing Countries'' adopted by signatories to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1979 (the “Enabling Clause”). It is the WTO's legal basis for the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/enabling1979_e.htm|title=Enabling Clause 1979|website=WTO}}</ref> Both free trade agreements and preferential trade arrangements (as named by the WTO) are considered as derogation to the MFN principle.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ptadb.wto.org/|title=Database on Preferential Trade Arrangements|website=WTO}}</ref>

== Economic aspects of free trade agreements ==
===Trade diversion and trade creation===

In general, ''[[trade diversion]]'' means that an FTA would divert trade away from more efficient suppliers outside the area towards less efficient ones within the areas. Whereas, ''trade creation'' implies that an FTA area creates trade which may not have otherwise existed. In all cases trade creation will raise a country's national welfare.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://internationalecon.com/Trade/Tch110/T110-2A.php|title=International Trade Theory and Policy|last=Suvanovic|first=Steven|website=Internationalecon}}</ref>

Both trade creation and trade diversion are crucial effects found upon the establishment of an FTA. Trade creation will cause consumption to shift from a high-cost producer to a low-cost one, and trade will thus expand. In contrast, trade diversion will lead to trade shifting from a lower-cost producer outside the area to a higher-cost one inside the FTA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sanandres.esc.edu.ar/secondary/economics%20packs/international_economics/page_35.htm|title=Trade creation and trade diversion|access-date=2019-06-06|archive-date=2021-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020154939/http://www.sanandres.esc.edu.ar/secondary/economics%20packs/international_economics/page_35.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Such a shift will not benefit consumers within the FTA as they are deprived the opportunity to purchase cheaper imported goods. However, economists find that trade diversion does not always harm aggregate national welfare: it can even improve aggregate national welfare if the volume of diverted trade is small.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cheong|first=Juyoung|date=2010|title=Free Trade Area and Welfare:Is A Bigger Trade Diversion More Detrimental|url=http://www.etsg.org/ETSG2010/papers/Cheong.pdf|journal=ETSG 2010 Lausanne Twelfh Annual Conference|via=ETSG}}</ref>

===FTAs as public goods===

Economists have made attempts to evaluate the extent to which FTAs can be considered [[Public good (economics)|public goods]]. They first address one key element of FTAs, which is the system of embedded tribunals which act as arbitrators in international trade disputes. These serve as a force of clarification for existing statutes and international economic policies as affirmed in the trade treaties.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mavroidis|first=Petros|date=2012|title=Free Lunches? WTO as Public Good, and the WTO's View of Public Goods|journal=European Journal of International Law|volume=23|issue=3|pages=731–742|doi=10.1093/ejil/chs055|doi-access=free}}</ref>

The second way in which FTAs are considered public goods is tied to the evolving trend of them becoming “deeper”. The depth of an FTA refers to the added types of structural policies that it covers. While older trade deals are deemed “shallower” as they cover fewer areas (such as tariffs and quotas), more recently concluded agreements address a number of other fields, from services to e-commerce and [[data localization]]. Since transactions among parties to an FTA are relatively cheaper as compared to those with non-parties, FTAs are conventionally found to be [[Excludability|excludable]]. Now that deep trade deals will enhance regulatory harmonization and increase trade flows with non-parties, thus reducing the excludability of FTA benefits, new generation FTAs are obtaining the essential characteristics of public goods.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://voxeu.org/article/trade-effects-deep-agreements|title=Deep trade agreements as public goods|author=Mattoo, Aaditya|author2=Mulabdic, Alen|author3=Ruta, Michele|website=Vox CEPR Policy Portal|date=12 October 2017 }}</ref>

== Qualifying for preferences under an FTA ==
{{seealso|Rules of origin}}

Unlike a [[customs union]], parties to an FTA do not maintain common external tariffs, which means they apply different customs duties, as well as other policies with respect to non-members. This feature creates the possibility of non-parties may free-riding preferences under an FTA by penetrating the market with the lowest external tariffs. Such risk necessitates the introduction of rules to determine originating goods eligible for preferences under an FTA, a need that does not arise upon the formation of a customs union.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/explainers/rules-origin|title=Rules of Origin|website=Institute for Government|date=6 February 2018 }}</ref> Basically, there is a requirement for a minimum extent of processing that results in "substantial transformation" to the goods so that they can be considered originating. By defining which goods are originating in the PTA, preferential [[rules of origin]] distinguish between originating and non-originating goods: only the former will be entitled to preferential tariffs scheduled by the FTA, the latter must pay MFN import duties.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2017/608797/EPRS_BRI%282017%29608797_EN.pdf|title=Customs unions and FTAs Debate with respect to EU neighbours|website=EU Parliament Policy Briefing}}</ref>

It is noted that in qualifying for origin criteria, there is a differential treatment between inputs originating within and outside an FTA. Normally inputs originating in one FTA party will be considered as originating in the other party if they are incorporated in the manufacturing process in that other party. Sometimes, production costs arising in one party is also considered as that arising in another party. In preferential [[rules of origin]], such differential treatment is normally provided for in the cumulation or accumulation provision. Such clause further explains the trade creation and trade diversion effects of an FTA mentioned above, because a party to an FTA has the incentive to use inputs originating in another party so that their products may qualify for originating status.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wcoomd.org/-/media/wco/public/global/pdf/topics/origin/instruments-and-tools/reference-material/170130-b_comparative-study-on-pref_roo_master-file_final-20_06_2017.pdf?la=en|title=Comparative Study on Preferential Rules of Origin|website=WCO}}</ref>

== Databases on FTAs ==
The database on [[trade agreements]] provided by ITC's Market Access Map. Since there are hundreds of FTAs currently in force and being negotiated (about 800 according to ITC's Rules of Origin Facilitator, counting also non-reciprocal trade arrangements), it is important for businesses and policy-makers to keep track of their status. There are a number of depositories of free trade agreements available either at national, regional or international levels. Some significant ones include the database on Latin American free trade agreements constructed by the Latin American Integration Association (ALADI),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aladi.org/sitioAladi/index.html|title=Aladi Acuerdos|website=Latin American Integration Association|access-date=2019-06-06|archive-date=2020-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203192754/http://www2.aladi.org/sitioAladi/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> the database maintained by the Asian Regional Integration Center (ARIC) providing information agreements of Asian countries,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aric.adb.org/fta-country|title=Free Trade Agreements|website=Asian Regional Integration Centre}}</ref> and the portal on the European Union's free trade negotiations and agreements.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/negotiations-and-agreements/|title=Negotiations and agreements|website=European Commission|access-date=2019-06-06|archive-date=2019-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611130834/http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/negotiations-and-agreements/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

At the international level, there are two important free-access databases developed by international organizations for policy-makers and businesses:

===WTO's Regional Trade Agreements Information System===

As WTO members are obliged to notify to the Secretariat their free trade agreements, this database is constructed based on the most official source of information on free trade agreements (referred to as regional trade agreements in the WTO language). The database allows users to seek information on trade agreements notified to the WTO by country or by topic (goods, services or goods and services). This database provides users with an updated list of all agreements in force, however, those not notified to the WTO may be missing. It also displays reports, tables and graphs containing statistics on these agreements, and particularly preferential tariff analysis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rtais.wto.org/ui/PublicMaintainRTAHome.aspx|title=Regional Trade Agreements Information System|website=WTO}}</ref>

===ITC's Market Access Map===

The Market Access Map was developed by the [[International Trade Centre]] (ITC) with the objectives to facilitate businesses, governments and researchers in market access issues. The database, visible via the online tool Market Access Map, includes information on tariff and non-tariff barriers in all active trade agreements, not limited to those officially notified to the WTO. It also documents data on non-preferential trade agreements (for instance, Generalized System of Preferences schemes). Up until 2019, Market Access Map has provided downloadable links to texts agreements and their rules of origin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macmap.org/|title=Market Access Map|website=ITC}}</ref> The new version of Market Access Map forthcoming this year will provide direct web links to relevant agreement pages and connect itself to other ITC's tools, particularly the Rules of Origin Facilitator. It is expected to become a versatile tool which assists enterprises in understanding free trade agreements and qualifying for origin requirements under these agreements.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://findrulesoforigin.org/|title=Rules of Origin Facilitator|website=ITC}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Free trade]]
*[[List of bilateral free-trade agreements]]
*[[List of multilateral free-trade agreements]]
*[[Trade agreement]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

*[http://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicSearchByMemberResult.aspx?MemberCode=918&lang=1&redirect=1 WTO's RTA Information System]
*[https://www.macmap.org/Default.aspx ITC's Market Access Map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605163211/https://www.macmap.org/Default.aspx |date=2019-06-05 }}
*[http://findrulesoforigin.org/ ITC's Rules of Origin Facilitator]
*[https://wits.worldbank.org/gptad.html World Bank's Global Preferential Trade Database]
*[http://www.aladi.org/sitioAladi/index.html Latin American Integration Association] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203192754/http://www2.aladi.org/sitioAladi/index.html |date=2020-12-03 }}
*[http://www.bilaterals.org/ Bilaterals]
*[https://aric.adb.org/fta-country Asian Regional Integration Center]
*[http://www.sice.oas.org/ American States Foreign Trade Information System]
{{free-trade agreements}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Free trade agreements| ]]

Sinhasan

2026-03-17T14:00:30Z

DexterEdmonson0: added info

{{short description|1979 Indian Marathi-language political drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sinhasan
| native_name =
| image =
| alt =
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[Jabbar Patel]]
| producer =
| story = Arun Sadhoo
| screenplay = [[Vijay Tendulkar]]
| writer = Arun Sadhoo
| based_on = {{based on|''Sinhasan''|Arun Sadhoo}} {{based on|''Mumbai Dinank''|[[Arun Sadhu]]}}
| starring = [[Nilu Phule]] [[Shriram Lagoo]] [[Mohan Agashe]] [[Nana Patekar]] [[Satish Dubhashi]] [[Jairam Hardikar]]
| music = [[Hridaynath Mangeshkar]]
| cinematography = [[Suryakant Lavande]]
| editing = [[N. S. Vaidya]]
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1979}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| budget = 
| gross =
}}

'''''Sinhasan''''' (English: Throne) is 1979 Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language [[political drama]] film directed by [[Jabbar Patel]] and written by [[journalist]] [[Arun Sadhu]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |date=2017-09-26 |title=Classics revisited: 'Sinhasan' is Marathi cinema's own game of thrones |url=https://scroll.in/reel/851918/classics-revisited-sinhasan-is-marathi-cinemas-own-game-of-thrones |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref> The film is based on two novels - one of the same name and the other named ''Mumbai Dinank'' by writer and freelance journalist [[Arun Sadhu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-12 |title=Video: "'सिंहासन' चित्रपट वेदना देणारा"; सुप्रिया सुळेंचं वक्तव्य, म्हणाल्या, "४४ वर्षांनंतरही..." |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/supriya-sule-says-sinhasan-movie-is-painful-hrc-97-3583363/ |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref> The film starring [[Nilu Phule]], [[Arun Sarnaik]], [[Shriram Lagoo]], [[Mohan Agashe]], [[Reema Lagoo]], [[Nana Patekar]], [[Usha Nadkarni]], [[Datta Bhat]]t and [[Satish Dubhashi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=तांबे |first=सुनिल |date=2023-04-13 |title=Sinhasan Marathi Movie : 'सिंहासन सिनेमाची ४४ वर्षे' |url=https://www.maxmaharashtra.com/max-blog/sinhasan-marathi-movie-and-sharad-pawar-role-and-political-situation-explain-by-film-director-jabbar-patel-1211323 |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=Max Maharashtra |language=mr}}</ref> Film Won [[National Film Award for Best Marathi Feature Film]] at [[27th National Film Awards]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Chaos Magazine - Dr Jabbar Patel|url=http://www.chaosmag.in/jabbar.html|accessdate=16 October 2011|archive-date=25 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425071101/http://www.chaosmag.in/jabbar.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The movie draws a parallel with the political turmoil in India.

The main character is a journalist named Digu Tipnis ([[Nilu Phule]]) who uncovers a network of telephone tapping, relations between trade unions and politicians, etc. The plot addresses [[Maharashtra|Maharashtra's]] political corruption linked with [[Mumbai|Mumbai's]] entrepreneurial sector.
The movie starts with an assembly session where Chief Minister (Arun Sarnaik) has to leave the heated discussion to attend an urgent call. The caller (claiming to be a well-wisher and informer) informs the CM that some of the members from his own party are secretly planning to remove him from his chair. The phone call changes the political scenario in the state, and many activities start taking place behind the curtains. CM obviously doubts the finance minister of the state (Shriram Lagoo) who has started gathering the support of MLAs for trying to pose himself as a better candidate for a Chief Ministerial Post. In this chaos, certain factors like Media (Nilu Phule – Digambar - A journalist), a Union Leader named D’casta who has decided to take head on with smugglers (see a young Nana Patekar – a small time criminal) gain high bargaining power. The struggle for power reaches its peak when CM deals with issues like hunger strikes, workers' strikes, famine, and deaths due to malnutrition. Digambar (who is already troubled in his personal life) observes all these negotiations, compromises and horse-trading that are happening in the political arena. The Union leader announces a conference where he is going to reveal some secrets, FM almost manages to gather the required numbers, and CM tries to judge who is on which side. And as a last nail in the coffin, one of the confidants in the Police informs CM that the Police is about to arrest his (CM's) brother-in-law on the charges of smuggling. The FM faction is about to start the celebrations, and suddenly some news strikes that shocks everyone involved. What is that news? Is it really true? What impact would it have on the political scene? The future events are very fast and unimaginable.

The movie has lot of scenes in between including extra marital affairs of Digambars maid with others, her husband (Nana Patekar), also the affair of the Finance Minister Sriram Lagoo with his daughter in law (Reema Lagoo), once such scene is quiet enticing in the movie in which Digambar goes to a saloon for haircut, and when the barber probes him about the future of Maharashtra CM, he bluntly tells him "whosoever becomes the CM, how will that make any changes in your life as a common man?" In short this is a very touchy, emotional, dramatic as well as realistic movie. Especially the song "Usha kaal hota hota" is heart wrenching.
Towards the end, Digu Tipnis becomes insane after being frustrated with the corrupt political system. The movie outlines the effect of the selfish and voracious behaviour of white collars and politicians on the common man. During one session in Vidhan Sabha (State Legislative Assembly), Arun Sarnaik as the chief minister, whose mental and physical health is disturbed by an anonymous phone call warning him of a conspiracy to dislodge him. The vultures in Jivajirao's party, including ministers played by Madhukar Toradmal and Shriram Lagoo, swoop down on him after a bout of stress-induced illness. They advise Jivajirao to “take it easy”, but he ignores the unsubtle hints and instead plays his own game of thrones, working the phone lines to pit one cabinet minister against the other.

==Cast==
* [[Nilu Phule]] as Digu Tipnis
* [[Arun Sarnaik]] as Chief Minister Jivajirao Shinde (Aaba)
* [[Shriram Lagoo]] as Finance Minister Vishwasrao Dabhade
* [[Mohan Agashe]] as [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] Bhudhaji
* [[Reema Lagoo]] as Kamal Dabhade; Dabhade's daughter-in-law
* [[Nana Patekar]] as Smuggler
* [[Usha Nadkarni]] as Shanti
* [[Dattatray Ramachandra Bhat|Datta Bhat]] as MLA Manikrao Patil
* [[Madhukar Toradmal]] as Daulatrao Patil
* [[Shrikant Moghe]] as Anandrao Topale
* [[Satish Dubhashi]] as Sabastian Dicasta
* [[Jairam Hardikar]]<ref name=":0"/> as Panitkar
* [[Rekha Kamat]] as Chief Minister's wife
* Shekhar Navre as Vasant Dabhade
* Irshad Hashmi as Metha Sheth
* Madhav Watve as Nanasaheb Gupte
* Ravindra Bapat as Doctor
* [[Ravi Patwardhan]]
* [[Lalan Sarang]]

== Music ==
The movie became quite famous for the song "''Ushakkal hota hota''". The song was based on poem written by poet [[Suresh Bhat]]. The music was composed by [[Hridaynath Mangeshkar]]. The song is fiery as well as heart touching. It showed the misery of common man in a corrupt social and political environment.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=उषःकाल होता होता…सुरेश भटांची नवचैतन्य निर्माण करणारी कविता |url=https://www.mahaedunews.com/suresh-bhatt/ |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=Mahaedu News |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Accolades ==

* [[27th National Film Awards|1980]] - [[National Film Award for Best Marathi Feature Film]].<ref name=":0" />
* 1980 - [[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Second Film|Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Second Feature Film]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Deshpande |first=Rekha |title=Marathi Chitrapatsrushticha Samgra Itihas |publisher=[[Ministry of Cultural Affairs (Maharashtra)]] |year=2014 |edition=1st |location=Maharashtra |language=Marathi}}</ref>
* 1980 - [[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Director|Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Second Director]].<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|0191456}}

[[Category:1970s Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Vijay Tendulkar]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Films directed by Jabbar Patel]]
[[Category:Films about the caste system in India]]
[[Category:Indian political drama films]]
[[Category:Marathi-language political drama films]]
[[Category:Films about journalists]]
[[Category:Films about mass surveillance]]
[[Category:Films about adultery in India]]
[[Category:Films about labor relations]]
[[Category:Films about famine]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]

Ankush (1986 film)

2026-03-03T23:45:31Z

DexterEdmonson0: creating entry

{{short description|1986 film by N. Chandra}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ankush
| image = Ankush.jpeg
| caption =
| director = [[N. Chandra]]
| producer = N. Chandra Subhas R. Durgakar
| writer = N. Chandra, Sayed Sultan
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on =
| starring = [[Nana Patekar]] [[Madan Jain]] Nisha Singh [[Raja Bundela]] [[Arjun Chakraborty]]
| music = [[Kuldeep Singh (music director)|Kuldeep Singh]]
| cinematography = H. Laxminarayan
| editing = N. Chandra
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1986|07|21}}
| runtime = 149 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR|12 lakh}}
| gross = {{INR|95 lakh}}
}}
'''''Ankush''''' is a 1986 Hindi [[action drama]] film starring [[Nana Patekar]], which was written, directed, edited and co-produced by [[N. Chandra]]. Made on a modest budget of ₹12 [[lakh]], the film grossed ₹95 lakh.<ref name=today>{{cite web | title =Mean street Moghul: Hit director N. Chandra brings realism to films|work= India Today| url = https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19890228-hit-director-n-chandra-brings-realism-to-films-815813-1989-02-27 |author=Madhu Jain|date=28 February 1989|access-date = 2014-09-24 }}</ref><ref name=toi /> It was remade in Kannada as ''Ravana Rajya'' and in Tamil as ''[[Kavithai Paada Neramillai]]''.

== Synopsis ==
The film tells the story of four [[lower middle class]] unemployed young men in Mumbai who feel disconnected with society and are wasting their lives. Their new neighbours, a beautiful young girl Anita and her grandmother, change their perspective. The men change their attitude and are trying to blend in with the normal, honest and hard-working society of 1980s India. Anita is kidnapped, tied spread eagle to the bed and is gang raped at the hands of her employer and his four friends. However, the culprits are let off for lack of evidence and Anita commits [[suicide]]. Having lost faith in the [[Law of India|law of the land]], the men take revenge on each culprit, killing them brutally. They are later tried, with all four receiving [[capital punishment]] for doing what they thought was right all the while requesting for a stronger law that protects people, which cannot be broken ever again.

== Cast ==
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
*[[Nana Patekar]] as Ravindra Kelkar aka Ravi
*[[Nisha Singh (actress)|Nisha Singh]] as Anita
*[[Madan Jain]] as Shashi
*[[Arjun Chakraborty]] as Arjun
*[[Mahavir Shah]] as Arvind Gupta
*[[Raja Bundela]] as Saxena
*[[Dinesh Kaushik]] as Dave
*[[Rabia Amin]] as Manda
*[[Gajanan Bangera]] as Shashi's elder brother
*[[Ashalata Wabgaonkar]] as Anita's Grandmother
*[[Suhas Palshikar (actor)|Suhas Palshikar]] as Laalya
*[[Satyajit (Kannada Actor)|Sathyajith]] as Subhlya
* [[Ravi Patwardhan]] – College Principal (Uncredited Role)
*[[Raj Zutshi]] as a gay man, who is perceived to be in love with Shashi (Uncredited Role)
{{div col end}}

== Production ==
Chandra started his career with [[Gulzar]] in 1971, and later also worked as an editor with him. Influenced by Gulzar's ''[[Mere Apne]]'' (1971) and bringing in his experiences growing up in Mumbai, Chandra wrote a story of four frustrated unemployed men who roam the streets of Mumbai. He even based the character Ravindra upon the role played by [[Vinod Khanna]] in the original. The role of Ravindra was written with leading actor of Marathi cinema, [[Ravindra Mahajani]] in mind. When Chandra couldn't afford him, [[Nana Patekar]] was eager to do the same role and signed on for Rs. 10,000.<ref name=today /><ref name=toi>{{cite web | title = I sold my house for 'Ankush': N Chandra | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/I-sold-my-house-for-Ankush-N-Chandra/articleshow/16833019.cms |date=16 October 2012| access-date = 2014-09-25| work =The Times of India}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| 1
| " Uparwala Kya Maangega Humse Koi Jawab"
|[[Ashok Khosla]], [[Ghanshyam Vaswani]], Shekhar Sawkar
|-
| 2
| "Itani Shakti Hamen De Na Daataa"
| [[Pushpa Pagdhare]], [[Sushma Shreshta]]
|-
| 3
| "Aaya Maaza Dildara, Dil Hamara Na Aawara"
| [[Ashok Khosla]], Ghanshyam Vaswani, Shekhar Sawkar
|-
|}

== Remakes ==
The film was remade in Tamil as ''[[Kavithai Paada Neramillai]]'' and in Kannada as ''[[Ravana Rajya]]''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Arunachalam |first=Param |title=BollySwar: 1981–1990 |publisher=Mavrix Infotech |year=2020 |isbn=978-81-938482-2-7 |pages=696}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0157316}}

[[Category:1986 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1986 Indian films]]
[[Category:1986 films]]
[[Category:Hindi films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films about rape in India]]
[[Category:Films directed by N. Chandra]]
[[Category:Indian rape and revenge films]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]

Pavitra Papi

2026-03-03T23:34:45Z

DexterEdmonson0: creating a stub...

{{Short description|1970 film by Rajendra Bhatia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pavitra Papi
| image = Pavitra Paapi.jpg

| caption = Movie poster
| director = Rajendra Bhatia
| producer =
| writer = [[Nanak Singh]]
| based_on = {{based on|''Pavitra Paapi''|[[Nanak Singh]]}}
| narrator =
| starring = [[Balraj Sahni]] [[Parikshit Sahni]] [[Tanuja]]
| music = [[Prem Dhawan]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1970|09|25|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Hindi]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Pavitra Papi''''' ({{Translation|The Holy Sinner}}) is a 1970 [[India]]n [[Hindi]]-language [[drama film]] directed by Rajendra Bhatia. The film stars [[Balraj Sahni]], [[Parikshit Sahni]] and [[Tanuja]]. The movie was based on a Punjabi novel by famous writer [[Nanak Singh]].

==Plot==
It is small-town India of the 19th century. Pannalal is employed in a clock repair shop owned by Lala Attarchand. He is replaced by Kedarnath, who has some old family bonds with Lala Attarchand, and who has come to town from his village in search of exactly this work, because his ancestors were in the same business (clock-making). Upon losing his job, Pannalal curses Kedarnath as being the cause of his family becoming destitute. He writes a letter to Kadarnath saying that "your actions have driven me to death because I cannot support my family or get my daughters married." Pannalal then disappears from the scene, after telling his wife that he is going to a far-off city in order to meet an old friend and raise money.

Kedarnath, who has received the suicide note, is convinced that Pannalal has committed suicide after telling his wife a comforting story. He is consumed by guilt. He goes out of his way to help Pannalal's wife Maya and their two daughters, Veena and Vidya. He rents a room in their house, writes letters to Maya which are delivered to her as if they have come from Pannalal, and these letters also contain money. As a helpful tenant, he does a lot of work around the house, and also helps Veena with her school-work. He falls in love with her, but her feelings are not properly known. Maya tells Kedarnath of one big concern in her life: Veena's marriage was already arranged by Pannalal, and now the boy's family are trying to wiggle out of the engagement, perhaps because the Pannalal family is now quite poor. The boy's parents are saying that they can no longer wait for Pannalal to return with funds, their boy is growing older by the day, and they will now look elsewhere. Kedarnath hides his feelings for Veena and helps in expediting in her marriage with the son of Daulatram. When Maya tells him that she does not have enough money to pay for the marriage expenses, he steals cash from his employer, and tells Maya that the money has come from Pannalal. He then goes away from the village.

Veena's in-laws turn out to be rogues, except for her father-in-law, who counsels his family that they should not torture their daughter-in-law this way. Meanwhile, Pannalal, who is in fact alive, returns to his family. Hearing that his daughter is already married to the person with whom he had arranged the marriage, he proceeds to Veena's marital home to visit her. Here, he finds that his daughter is living in a miserable condition. He brings her back to his own house.

Kedar, who now lives in Delhi, regularly sends money orders to repay his debt to Lala Attarchand. Pannalal finds out Kedar's whereabouts and requests him to come back and save a dying Veena. But Kedar instead makes Veena's husband realize his mistakes and unites the pair without appearing in person. The film ends with Kedarnath going away.

==Cast==
*[[Balraj Sahni]] ... Pannalal
*[[Parikshat Sahni]] ... Kedarnath
*[[Tanuja]] ... Veena
*[[Neetu Singh]] ... Vidya (as Baby Sonia)
*[[Achala Sachdev]] ... Maya
*[[Abhi Bhattacharya]] ... Writer (Man who helped Kedarnath)
*[[I. S. Johar]] ... Lala Attarchand
*[[Manorama (Hindi actress)|Manorama]] ... Mrs. Lala Attarchand
*[[Gulshan Bawra]] ... Adarshan's worker
*[[Upendra Trivedi]]
*Jugnu
*[[Jayshree T.]] ... Dancer in white dress (in song "Sada Sadak Dil") (as Jaishree)
*Madhumati... as dancer in the song "Lede saiyaan ordnee"

==Music==
[[Prem Dhawan]] has composed both the lyrics and music for this movie. "Teri Duniya Se" is sung by Kishore Kumar. This song was played across radio and television channels when Kishore died on 13 October 1987. Another song by Rafi Sahab, "Allah Hi Allah Kar Pyare",<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=utGtwu-FFWA | title=- YouTube | website=[[YouTube]] }}</ref> was filmed at a very famous place called Rani Talab (queen's bathing pond) in the historic town [[Jind]], a district city of [[Haryana]].
{|class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Teri Duniya Se Hoke Majboor Chala"
| [[Kishore Kumar]]
|-
| "Dilwale Dukhde Bure, Rona Padta Hai"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
| "Allah Hi Allah Kar Pyare"
| [[Mohammed Rafi]]
|-
| "La De Saiyan Odhni Punjabi Tilledaar"
| [[Asha Bhosle]], [[Mohammed Rafi]]
|-
| "O Munni Ke Lala, Naag Das Gaya Kala"
| [[Asha Bhosle]], [[Usha Khanna]]
|-
| "Sada Sadak Dil Kare Dhak Dhak"
| [[Asha Bhosle]], [[Usha Mangeshkar]]
|-
| "Poochho Na Kaise Haay Pehli Raat Guzri"
| [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0442610|title=Pavitra Paapi}}

[[Category:1970 films]]
[[Category:1970 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1970 Indian films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Prem Dhawan]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:1970 drama films]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]

Yuva (2024 film)

2026-03-03T12:12:37Z

DexterEdmonson0: created new stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Yuva
| image = Yuva (2024 film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name =
| director = [[Santhosh Ananddram]]
| producer = [[Vijay Kiragandur]]
| writer = Santhosh Ananddram
| starring = {{ubl|[[Yuva Rajkumar]]|[[Sapthami Gowda]]}}
| music = [[B. Ajaneesh Loknath]]
| cinematography = [[Shreesha Kuduvalli]]
| editing = Ashish Kusugolli
| studio = [[Hombale Films]]
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2024|3|29|}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross = {{INR|19.40 crore}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-12-08 |title=Kannada Highest Grossing Movies 2024: ಈ ವರ್ಷ ತೆರೆಕಂಡ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಅವುಗಳ ಕಲೆಕ್ಷನ್‌ ವಿವರ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ |url=https://kannada.timesnownews.com/entertainment/kannada-highest-grossing-movies-2024-sandalwood-films-and-its-collection-photo-gallery-116098981 |access-date=2025-02-11 |website=Times Now Kannada |language=kn}}</ref>
}}

'''''Yuva''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[action drama film]] directed by [[Santhosh Ananddram]] and produced by [[Vijay Kiragandur]] under [[Hombale Films]]. The film, which marks the fourth collaboration of Ananddram and Hombale Films, stars [[Yuva Rajkumar]] in his lead acting debut, while [[Sapthami Gowda]], [[Achyuth Kumar]], Gopal Krishna Deshpande, [[Sudharani]] and [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]] appear in supporting roles.

''Yuva'' was released on 29 March 2024 and received mixed to positive reviews from critics.<ref name="auto1">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/debut-film-of-rajkumars-grandson-to-be-out-on-december-22/articleshow/98406277.cms |title=Debut film of Rajkumar's grandson to be out on December 22 |website=The Times of India |date=4 March 2023 |access-date=21 April 2024 |archive-date=2 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202052615/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/debut-film-of-rajkumars-grandson-to-be-out-on-december-22/articleshow/98406277.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/hombale-films-sets-a-new-release-date-for-yuva/article67466584.ece |title=Hombale Films sets a new release date for 'Yuva' |website=The Hindu |date=27 October 2023 |access-date=6 December 2023 |archive-date=23 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323051210/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/hombale-films-sets-a-new-release-date-for-yuva/article67466584.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> It was the [[List of Kannada films of 2024|eighth highest-grossing Kannada film of 2024]].<ref name="Bo">{{Cite web |last=Sharadhaa |first=A. |date=2024-11-19 |title=Bhairathi Ranagal crosses Rs 10 Crore gross at the box office in four days |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2024/Nov/19/bhairathi-ranagal-crosses-rs-10-crore-gross-at-the-box-office-in-four-days |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Yuva, a national-level wrestler, lives in [[Bangalore]] with his father Shankar, mother Girija and elder sister Shwetha. One day, Yuva gets banned from the sport due to allegations of [[matchfixing]] scam against him and his coach Veeranna Doddamani, where Shankar strains his relationship with Yuva. Unable to follow his passion, Yuva joins an engineering college in [[Mangalore]] and soon picks up fights with local students. After graduating from college, Yuva returns home and learns that Shankar has fled from home after Shwetha's marriage. Yuva also learns that Shankar took hefty loans from his friends, colleagues and loan sharks for the family. He begins to work as a food delivery boy, as his past deeds in college hindered his job prospects. Yuva also realize his responsibilities to take care of the family. Yuva soon finds Shankar in [[Gokarna, Karnataka|Gokarna]] and learns that Shankar invested the money in the [[stock market]], but got cheated as the money was not invested in shares by the marketeers. Yuva recovers the money from the marketeers and solves the loan problems. Doddamani also rescinds his and Yuva's ban by capturing the real culprit behind the matchfixing scam. Yuva soon begins training in the championship and finally wins the championship. Despite being a wrestling champion, Yuva continues to work as a delivery boy and Shankar sees Yuva with respect.

== Cast ==
* [[Yuva Rajkumar]] as Yuva<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/yuva-rajkumars-debut-film-titled-yuva/articleshow/98395287.cms |title=Yuva Rajkumar's debut film titled Yuva |website=The Times of India |date=3 March 2023 |access-date=21 April 2024 |archive-date=24 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424082312/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/yuva-rajkumars-debut-film-titled-yuva/articleshow/98395287.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Sapthami Gowda]] as Siri<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/yuva-sapthami-gowda-joins-the-hombale-films-production-to-star-opposite-yuva-rajkumar/54527b6727696 |title=Yuva: Sapthami Gowda joins the Hombale Films production; to star opposite Yuva Rajkumar |website=OTTplay |access-date=2 September 2023 |archive-date=2 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902160232/https://www.ottplay.com/news/yuva-sapthami-gowda-joins-the-hombale-films-production-to-star-opposite-yuva-rajkumar/54527b6727696 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Achyuth Kumar]] as Shankar, Yuva's father
* [[Sudharani]] as Girija, Yuva's mother
* [[Hitha Chandrashekar]] as Shwetha, Yuva's sister
* Gopal Krishna Deshpande as College Principal
* [[Sundeep Malani]]
* [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]] as Veeranna Doddamani
* Harshith. K as Harshith, Yuva's Friend

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Yuva
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[B. Ajaneesh Loknath]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released =
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Kannada]]
| label = [[Anand Audio]]
| producer = B. Ajaneesh Loknath, C. R. Bobby
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{Singles
| name = Yuva
| type = soundtrack
| single1 = Obbane Shiva Obbane Yuva
| single1date = 2 March 2024
| single2 = Kavithe Kavithe
| single2date = 9 March 2024
| single3 = Appuge
| single3date = 15 March 2024
| single4 = Baduku Ondu Ranaranga
| single4date = 3 April 2024
| single5 = Baanadari
| single5date = 11 April 2024
}}
}}

[[B. Ajaneesh Loknath]] composed the soundtrack album for the film.<ref>https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/yuva/4EE3nq6Mz-4_</ref>

{{Track listing
| all_writing =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Obbane Shiva Obbane Yuva
| length1 = 3:55
| lyrics1 = [[Santhosh Ananddram]]
| extra1 = [[Nakash Aziz]], [[Shashank Sheshagiri]]
| title2 = Kavithe Kavithe
| length2 = 3:35
| lyrics2 = Pramod Maravanthe
| extra2 = [[Sanjith Hegde]]
| title3 = Appuge
| length3 = 3:01
| lyrics3 = Santhosh Ananddram
| extra3 = [[Vijay Prakash]]
| title4 = Baduku Ondu Ranaranga
| length4 = 4:27
| lyrics4 = Santhosh Ananddram
| extra4 = Vyasaraj Sosale
| title5 = Baanadari
| length5 = 3:29
| lyrics5 = Pramod Maravanthe
| extra5 = Siddhartha Belmannu
| title6 = Yuva Title Teaser Theme
| length6 = 1:12
| lyrics6 = -
| extra6 = -
| total_length =
}}

== Release ==
''Yuva'' was initially scheduled to be released on 22 December 2023, but was postponed to 29 March 2024 for unknown reasons.<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto"/> It was released in over 350 theatres across the state.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://newskarnataka.com/south-cinema/sandalwood/dr-rajkumars-legacy-continues-as-yuva-hits-350-theaters/29032024 |title=Dr. Rajkumar's Legacy Continues as 'Yuva' Hits 350 Theaters |date=29 March 2024 |website=News Karnataka}}</ref>

== Reception ==
===Critical response ===
SM Shashiprasad of ''[[Times Now]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "''Yuva'' works on some counts. However, it lacks the punch required to make it a more powerful venture than just being another run-of-the-mill entertainer."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/kannada/yuva-review-yuva-rajkumars-debut-flick-is-a-reasonably-good-entertainer-review-108873755/amp |title=Yuva Review: Yuva Rajkumar's Debut Flick Is A Reasonably Good Entertainer |website=Times Now |date=29 March 2024 |access-date=30 March 2024 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330165445/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/kannada/yuva-review-yuva-rajkumars-debut-flick-is-a-reasonably-good-entertainer-review-108873755/amp |url-status=live }}</ref> S. Sridevi of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "Yuva is a power-packed family entertainer that can be enjoyed in theatres by all kinds of film buffs as it offers something for everyone."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/yuva/movie-review/108876836.cms |title=Yuva Movie Review: Yuva Review: A Power-Packed Debut |website=The Times of India |access-date=21 April 2024 |archive-date=9 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409121615/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/yuva/movie-review/108876836.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> A. Sharadhaa of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "Yuva serves as a gritty exploration of a young man's journey. While it may slightly falter in its execution in parts, the film's sincerity and earnestness ultimately shine through."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Mar/30/an-angst-fuelled-action-film-with-familial-bonds-at-its-core |title=An angst-fuelled action film with familial bonds at its core |website=The New Indian Express |date=30 March 2024 |access-date=30 March 2024 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330065317/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Mar/30/an-angst-fuelled-action-film-with-familial-bonds-at-its-core |url-status=live }}</ref>

A. S. Pranati of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote "Yuva is an action-packed entertainer, but is let down by too many elements."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/yuva-movie-review-action-packed-debut-of-yuva-rajkumar-let-down-by-too-many-elements-2958053 |title='Yuva' movie review: Action-packed debut of Yuva Rajkumar let down by too many elements |newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]] |access-date=30 March 2024 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330065317/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/yuva-movie-review-action-packed-debut-of-yuva-rajkumar-let-down-by-too-many-elements-2958053 |url-status=live }}</ref> Prathiba Joy of ''[[OTTplay]]'' gave 1.5/5 stars and wrote "The story of director Santhosh Ananddram's debut vehicle for Yuva Rajkumar only picks up in the second half, and doesn't have much meat to chew on."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/yuva-movie-review-yuva-rajkumars-debut-film-is-all-mass-and-no-material/3e6605c266430 |title=Yuva movie review: Yuva Rajkumar's debut film is all mass and no material |website=OTTplay |access-date=30 March 2024 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330065317/https://www.ottplay.com/review/yuva-movie-review-yuva-rajkumars-debut-film-is-all-mass-and-no-material/3e6605c266430 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Vivek M. V. of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "The debutant actor is dashing in action sequences, but director Santhosh Ananddram's routine story stops this film from being an all-out entertainer."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/yuva-movie-review-yuva-rajkumar-debuts-in-an-utterly-formulaic-film/article68006011.ece |title='Yuva' movie review: Yuva Rajkumar debuts in an utterly formulaic film |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=30 March 2024 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330065317/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/yuva-movie-review-yuva-rajkumar-debuts-in-an-utterly-formulaic-film/article68006011.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Swaroop Kodur of ''[[Film Companion]]'' wrote "Yuva is an interesting film and has many memorable moments to its name, but the film is definitely not greater than the sum of its parts."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/kannada-review/yuva-review-a-cluttered-entertainer-thats-engaging-only-in-parts-kannada-movie-sapthami-yuva-rajkumar-hombale |title=Yuva Review: A Cluttered Entertainer That's Engaging Only In Parts |website=Film Companion|date=29 March 2024 }}</ref>

===Box office===
The first day worldwide gross was speculated to be around ₹4–5 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=kn:ಯುವ ಚಿತ್ರದ ಮೊದಲ ದಿನದ ಕಲೆಕ್ಷನ್‌ ಎಷ್ಟು ಕೋಟಿ? |trans-title=How many crores is the first day collection of Yuva film? |url=https://kannada.hindustantimes.com/web-stories/sandalwood-news-yuva-rajkumar-starrer-yuva-movie-first-day-box-office-collection-report-mnk-181711786328372.html |access-date=2024-03-31 |website=kannada.hindustantimes.com |language=kn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2024 |title=Debutant Yuva Rajkumar's 'Yuva' scores big on day 1, collects Rs 4.5 crore |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/debutant-yuva-rajkumars-yuva-scores-big-on-day-1-collects-rs-45-crore-2959196 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408112508/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/debutant-yuva-rajkumars-yuva-scores-big-on-day-1-collects-rs-45-crore-2959196 |archive-date=8 April 2024 |access-date=8 April 2024 |website=Deccan Herald}}</ref> However, the tracked figures estimate the first weekend net collections to be ₹6 crores.<ref name=":Day3">{{Cite web |url=https://kannada.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/sandalwood-news-yuva-box-office-collection-day-3-yuva-rajukumar-movie-mints-total-6-crore-in-india-hombale-films-pcp-181711956669615.html |script-title=kn:Yuva: ಬಾಕ್ಸ್‌ ಆಫೀಸ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ 3 ದಿನದಲ್ಲಿ ಯುವ ಗಳಿಕೆ ಎಷ್ಟು? ವೀಕೆಂಡ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ ಕಲೆಕ್ಷನ್‌ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿಸಿಕೊಂಡ ಯುವ ರಾಜ್‌ಕುಮಾರ್‌ ಸಿನಿಮಾ |trans-title=How much did Yuva earn in 3 days at the box office? Yuva Rajkumar's movie has increased its collection in the weekend |language=kn |first=Praveen Chandra |last=B |website=Kannada [[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=8 April 2024 |archive-date=8 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408112508/https://kannada.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/sandalwood-news-yuva-box-office-collection-day-3-yuva-rajukumar-movie-mints-total-6-crore-in-india-hombale-films-pcp-181711956669615.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/wish-you-a-fantastic-career-nagarjuna-praises-yuva-rajkumar-after-watching-yuva-8837077.html |title='Wish You A Fantastic Career': Nagarjuna Praises Yuva Rajkumar After Watching Yuva |date=2 April 2024 |website=News18 |access-date=8 April 2024 |archive-date=8 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408112507/https://www.news18.com/movies/wish-you-a-fantastic-career-nagarjuna-praises-yuva-rajkumar-after-watching-yuva-8837077.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The net collection of the film was reported to be ₹10.81 crores for the first two weeks.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/box-office/kannada/yuva-box-office-collection-yuva-rajkumars-debut-venture-yuva-crosses-the-10-crore-mark-at-the-boxoffice-article-109265540/amp | title=Yuva Box Office Collection: Yuva Rajkumar's Debut Venture Yuva Crosses the 10 Crore Mark at the BoxOffice | date=13 April 2024 | access-date=26 April 2024 | archive-date=26 April 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426071859/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/box-office/kannada/yuva-box-office-collection-yuva-rajkumars-debut-venture-yuva-crosses-the-10-crore-mark-at-the-boxoffice-article-109265540/amp | url-status=live }}</ref> The final collections were reported to be ₹19.40 crores.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-08 |title=Kannada Highest Grossing Movies 2024: ಈ ವರ್ಷ ತೆರೆಕಂಡ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಅವುಗಳ ಕಲೆಕ್ಷನ್‌ ವಿವರ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ |url=https://kannada.timesnownews.com/entertainment/kannada-highest-grossing-movies-2024-sandalwood-films-and-its-collection-photo-gallery-116098981 |access-date=2025-02-11 |website=Times Now Kannada |language=kn}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{IMDb title|tt24225188}}

[[Category:Films directed by Santhosh Ananddram]]
[[Category:2024 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2024 action drama films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films scored by B. Ajaneesh Loknath]]

Rarh region

2026-03-01T18:58:33Z

DexterEdmonson0: creating a post...

{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rarh
| other_name = Rāḍha
| settlement_type = [[Geographical region]]
| image_skyline = {{photomontage|position=center
| photo1a = Shyam Rai Temple, Bankura.JPG
| photo2a = Birbhum Village.jpg
| size = 250
| spacing = 2
| color = #FFFFFF
| border = 0
| foot_montage = Shyamrai Temple at [[Bankura]] and Rural scenery from [[Tarapith]], [[Birbhum district|Birbhum]]
}}
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| image_map = Rarh.jpg
| map_caption = Map showing the area of Rarh
| pushpin_map = India
| pushpin_relief = y
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.25|N|87.07|E|scale:2000000|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flagu|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = Region
| subdivision_name1 = [[East India]]
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Government of West Bengal]], [[Government of Jharkhand]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type2 = Languages
| demographics2_title1 = Official
| demographics2_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| demographics2_title2 = Other languages
| demographics2_info2 = [[Santhali language|Santhali]], [[Kudmali language|Kudmali]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = WB-11,WB-12,WB-14,WB-15,WB-16,WB-18,WB-29,
WB-30,WB-31,WB-32,WB-33,WB-34,WB-36,WB-37,
WB-38,WB-39,WB-40,WB-41,WB-42,WB-44,WB-53,
WB-54,WB-55,WB-56,WB-57,WB-WB-58,WB-67,
WB-68{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}
| blank1_name_sec1 = Major Cities
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Asansol]], [[Durgapur]], [[Bardhaman]], [[Bankura]], [[Howrah]], [[Nabadwip]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| blank3_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Government of West Bengal]]
| official_name =
| demographics_type1 = Language
| demographics1_title1 = Dialect
| demographics1_info1 = [[Rarhi dialect]]
}}

'''Rarh region''' ({{IPA|bn|raːɽʱ}}) is a [[toponym]] for an area in the [[Indian subcontinent]] that lies between the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]] on the West and the [[Ganges Delta]] on the East. Although the boundaries of the region have been defined differently according to various sources throughout history, it is mainly coextensive with the state of [[West Bengal]], also comprising parts of the state of [[Jharkhand]] in India. The region is also referred to as '''Rarh''', '''Rāḍha''', or '''Rada's''', representing the south-western parts of [[Bengal]] ([[South-West Bengal]]).<ref name="Bhaumik">{{cite journal |last1=Bhaumik |first1=Sudarshana |title=Tribal Identity & Socio-Cultural Changes During 17th Century in the Rarh Region of Bengal |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |date=2015 |volume=76 |pages=252–258 |jstor=44156590 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44156590}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Das |first1=Binod Sankar |title=Changing Profile of the Frontier Bengal, 1751-1833 |date=1984 |publisher=Mittal Publications |page=10 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGTxUHzhYXwC |language=en}}</ref>

The Rarh region historically has been known by many different names and has hosted numerous settlements throughout history. One theory identifies it with the powerful [[Gangaridai]] nation mentioned in the ancient [[Greco-Roman]] accounts. The [[Naihati]] copper plate inscription of King [[Ballal Sen]] names it as the ancestral settlement of the [[Sena dynasty]].

== Etymology and names ==
[[File:Ancient Political Divisions.jpg|200px|left]]
{{transliteration|sa|italic=no|Rāḍha}} ([[Sanskrit]]), {{transliteration|pra|italic=no|Lāḍ[h]a}} ([[Prakrit]]) and Lala are the ancient names of the Rarh region.{{sfn|Rahul Peter Das|1983|p=664}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chakraborty |first=Dibyendu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ic5EAAAQBAJ&dq=Larh+region+of+Rarh&pg=PT41 |title=Origin of Bangla Seventh Part Ghoti Children of the Land of Five Male Rivers |date=2021-07-17 |publisher=BookRix |isbn=978-3-7487-8870-6 |language=en}}</ref> Other variations of the name that appear in the ancient [[Jain literature]] include Rarha, Lara, and Rara.{{sfn|Rupendra Radha|2012}} The [[Sri Lanka]]n Buddhist chronicles such as ''[[Dipavamsa]]'' and ''[[Mahavamsa]]'' state that the legendary [[Prince Vijaya]] came from a region called Lāla, which is identified with Rāḍha by several scholars.{{sfn|Shyuam Chand Mukherji|1966|pp=35-36}}

In a 1972 thesis, the researcher Amalendu Mitra traced the origin of the word Rarh to "lāṛ", the [[Santali language|Santali]] word for [[snake]]. This theory was also endorsed by his mentor Panchanan Mandal. However, German Indologist [[Rahul Peter Das]] notes that this is highly unlikely: the Santali word "lāṛ" actually means [[string (structure)|string]] or [[fibre]], and is sometimes used for "snake" or "twig".{{sfn|Rahul Peter Das|1983|p=669}} Das further points out that the word "lāṛ" may itself be an [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] [[loanword]] in Santali.{{sfn|Rahul Peter Das|1983|p=669}}

"[[Gangaridai]]", the name of an ancient Bengali [[people]] in Greek literature, is sometimes believed to be a Greek corruption of "[[Ganga River|Ganga]]-Rāḍha". However, according to [[D. C. Sircar]], the word is simply the plural form of "Gangarid" (which is derived from the base "Ganga"), and means "Ganga (Ganges) people".{{sfn|Dineschandra Sircar|1971|p=171, 215}}

Many aspect of Rarh are found in these books entitle as '''Subarnarekha hoite Mayurakshi''<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Singha |first=Maniklal |title=Subarnarekha hoite Mayurakshi |publisher=Bangiya Sahtya Parisad: Bishnupur. Bankura |year=1988 |location=Bishnupur |language=Bengali}}</ref> and ''Rarher Mantrayan''<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Singha |first=Maniklal |url=https://www.bucl.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=27166&query_desc=au,wrdl:%20Maniklal%20Singha |title=Rardher Mantrajan |publisher=Sri Chittaranjan Dasgupta |year=1979 |location=Bishnupur |language=Bengali |archive-date=14 August 2022 |access-date=21 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814090556/https://www.bucl.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=27166&query_desc=au,wrdl:%20Maniklal%20Singha |url-status=dead }}</ref> authored by [[Maniklal Sinha]]. Rarher Mantrayan<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Mukharji |first=Projit Bihari |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7312/salg18936-028/html |title=25. Rediscovering Living Buddhism in Modern Bengal: Maniklal Singha's The Mantrayāna of Rārh (1979) |date=2019-12-16 |pages=231–234 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-54830-4 |language=en |doi=10.7312/salg18936-028|s2cid=213713375 }}</ref> contains the ancient manuscripts of tantra and mantra, raveling various villages, and mixing with 'Mantrayanis' in Rarh. Whereas, ''Subarnarekha hoite Mayurakshi''<ref name=":0" /> is based on the tribal lifestyle, introducing various tribes, their festivals, clothing's, culture of Hazaribag, Singbhum, Manbhum, Dhalbhum Shikarbhum, Santal Pargana and Bankura that are situated in the basin of the river Subarnarekha. The author also discussed about the landscape of those laces and the influence of Buddhism on the tribal religion.

== Geography ==

The Rarh region lies between the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]] on the west<ref name="EB">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Rarh |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/491604/Rarh |access-date=26 August 2012}}</ref> and the chief flow of the [[Ganges]] river (which has been continuously changing) in the east.{{sfn|Rahul Peter Das|1983|p=664}} The Rarh plains comprise the lower Gangetic plains to the south of the Ganges, and to the west of its Bhagirathi-Hooghly distributary.{{sfn|Students Britannica|2000|p=239}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sreemani |first1=Soumitra |title=River and the Settlement: The Bhagirathi and Murshidabad; Between the 17 Th and 19 Th Centuries |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |date=2003 |volume=64 |page=742 |jstor=44145503 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44145503 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref> These plains are formed of old [[alluvial deposits]]. The elevation ranges between 75 and 150 m.{{sfn|Anita Roy Mukherjee|1995|p=22}}

Low-level [[Pleistocene]]-era [[laterite|lateritic]] [[badland]]s (locally called ''[[khoai]]'') are common in the region.{{sfn|Balai Chandra Das|2016|p=20}} Several of these small hillocks were formed as a result of subaerial erosions and other tectonic movements. The highest of these are [[Biharinath]] (440 m) and [[Susunia]] (440 m). Biharinath contains sedimentary rocks of Gondwana system. Susunia contains gneissic and schistose rocks of Archean age, and also felspathic quartzite at its top.{{sfn|Anita Roy Mukherjee|1995|p=22}}

The major rivers in the region include [[Damodar River|Damodar]], [[Ajay River|Ajay]], [[Mayurakshi River|Mayurakshi]], [[Dwarakeswar River|Dwarakeswar]], [[Shilabati river|Shilabati]] (Shilai), and [[Kangsabati River]] (Kasai).{{sfn|Students Britannica|2000|p=240}}{{sfn|Praṇaba Chattopadhyaya|2004|p=16}} All these rivers originate from [[Geography of India#The Peninsular Plateau|Chota Nagpur Plateau]] and flows towards east or south-east finally to meet the [[River Hooghly]]. The river [[Subarnarekha River|Subarnarekha]] flows through some parts of the region in the [[Midnapore|Midnapur district]].{{sfn|Anita Roy Mukherjee|1995|pp=22-23}} In the past, the floods of Damodar, called the "Sorrow of Bengal", often resulted in heavy losses to life and property. After the formation of the [[Damodar Valley Corporation]] in 1948, the flood hazard in the Rarh plain has been reduced through the construction of heavy embankments and other sophisticated engineering structures.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

West Rarh's Bagri river is a fertile, low-lying alluvial tract. Rice, jute, legumes, oilseeds, wheat, barley, and mangoes are the chief crops in the east; extensive mulberry cultivation is carried out in the west.<ref name="EB" />

Rarh has several [[Lower Gangetic plains moist deciduous forests|moist deciduous forests]] of ''[[Shorea robusta]]'' (sal), ''[[Magnolia champaca]]'' (champak) and ''[[Acacia]]''.{{sfn|Students Britannica|2000|p=240}}

=== Extent ===
According to Rupendra Kr Chattopadhyay, the historical Rarh region cover parts of the following districts, divided into northern and southern Rarh by the Damodar river:{{sfn|Rupendra Radha|2012}}

* '''Northern Rarh''' ('''Uttāra-Rādha'''): Certain parts of [[Birbhum district|Birbhum]], [[Burdwan district|Burdwan]], [[Murshidabad district|Murshidabad]], and [[Nadia]]
* '''Southern Rarh''' ('''Dakshin-Rādha'''): Certain parts of [[Burdwan district|Burdwan]], [[Bankura district|Bankura]], [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]] and [[Howrah district|Howrah]]
[[File:WestBengalDistricts numbered.svg|thumb|362x362px|Districts of West Bengal]]
[[Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar|P. R. Sarkar]] defines the Rarh region as follows:<ref name="Sarkar">{{cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Shrii Prabhat Ranjan| author-link=Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar|title=Ráŕh – The Cradle of Civilization|publisher=Ananda Marga Publications|year=2004|oclc=277280070}}</ref>
*Eastern '''Ráŕh''' consists of roughly:
*# Western [[Murshidabad district|Murshidabad]]
*#[[Nabadwip]] of Nadia district
*# The northern part of [[Birbhum district|Birbhum]]
*# Eastern [[Burdwan district|Burdwan]]
*# The whole of [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]]
*# The whole of [[Howrah district]]
*# The [[Indas]] Police Station of [[Bankura district]]

*Western '''Rarh''' consists of the following districts:
*# Most parts of Birbhum
*# Western Burdwan
*# [[Bankura]] district except for Indas
*# [[Purulia district|Purulia]]
*# Northern part of [[Paschim Medinipur]]
*# Certain part of [[Jhargram]]

== History ==
[[Image:Ptolemy Asia detail.jpg|left|thumb|[[Gangaridai|Gangaridae]], as depicted in [[Ptolemy]]'s map]]
The earliest reference to Rāḍha [[janapada]] (as "Ladha") is found in the [[Jainism|Jain]] text ''[[Acaranga Sutra|Acharangasutra]]''. The text states that the 6th century BCE spiritual leader [[Mahavira]] traveled in [[Vajjabhumi]] and [[Subbhabhumi]], which were located in the Ladha country. It mentions that the region was "pathless and lawless" during this time, and the local people treated Mahavira harshly.{{sfn|Rupendra Radha|2012}}

One theory identifies Rarh with the powerful [[Gangaridai]] people described in the ancient Greek literature.{{sfn|Nitish K. Sengupta|2011|p=28}} The Greek writer [[Diodorus Siculus]] mentions that the Ganges river formed the eastern boundary of the Gangaridai. Based on his statement and the identification of Ganges with [[Bhāgirathi-Hooghly]] (a western [[distributary]] of Ganges), Gangaridai can be identified with the Rarh region. However, other writers such as [[Plutarch]], [[Quintus Curtius Rufus|Curtius]] and [[Gaius Julius Solinus|Solinus]], suggest that Gangaridai was located on the eastern banks of the Gangaridai river.{{sfn|Nitish K. Sengupta|2011|p=28}} Moreover, [[Pliny the Elder|Pliny]] states that the Gangaridai occupied the entire region about the mouths of the Ganges.{{sfn|Dineschandra Sircar|1971|p=172}} This suggests that the Gangaridai territory included the larger coastal region of present-day West Bangal and Bangladesh, from the Bhāgirathi-Hooghly River in the west to the Padma River in the east.{{sfn|Dineschandra Sircar|1971|p=172}}

The legendary Sri Lankan chronicles ''[[Mahavamsa]]'' and ''[[Dipavamsa]]'' mention that [[Prince Vijaya]], the founder of their nation, came from [[Simhapura]] city in the "Lala" country. This Lala is identified with Rāḍha.{{sfn|Rupendra Radha|2012}}

The earliest epigraphic evidence to Rāḍha probably appears in an inscription from [[Mathura]]. This inscription states that a Jain monk from the "Rara" country erected a Jain image. A [[Khajuraho]] inscription mentions that the [[Dhanga|Chandela ruler]] imprisoned the wives of the rulers of various kingdoms, which included Rāḍha.{{sfn|Rupendra Radha|2012}}

The 12th century [[Naihati]] copper-plate inscription of the Sena ruler Vallalasena mentions Rāḍha as the ancestral place of his dynasty.{{sfn|Rupendra Radha|2012}}

== Historical extent ==
{{History of Bengal}}
Various ancient and medieval region offer clues about the location and historical extent of the Rarh region. The Bhuvaneshvara inscription of Bhatta Bhavadeva, a 12th-century minister, describes Rāḍha as "a waterless, dry and woody region". This description suits the western part of Bengal. The 16th century ''Digvijayaprakasha'' suggests that Rāḍha was located to the north of the [[Damodar River]], and to the south of the [[Gauda region]].{{sfn|Rupendra Radha|2012}} The 13th century chronicle ''[[Tabaqat-i Nasiri]]'' by [[Minhaj-i-Siraj]] defines Rāḍh (Rāḍha) as the section lying to the west of the [[Hooghly River|Hoogly-Bhagirathi River]].{{sfn|Mohammad Yusuf Siddiq|2015|p=27}}

According to Rupendra K Chattopadhyaya of [[Banglapedia]], Rāḍha "probably included a large part of the modern Indian state of West Bengal".{{sfn|Rupendra Radha|2012}} According to historian André Wink, the Rāḍha division of the Pala-Sena era corresponds roughly to the modern [[Bardhaman district]].{{sfn|André Wink|2002|p=257}}

=== Divisions ===

The 9th–10th century literature and inscriptions and literature mention two divisions of Rāḍha: northern (Uttara) and southern (Dakṣiṇa). Rupendra K Chattopadhyaya (in [[Banglapedia]]) believes that these roughly correspond to the [[Subbhabhumi]] and [[Vajjabhumi]] mentioned in the ancient Jain literature.{{sfn|Rupendra Radha|2012}} The 17th century scholar [[Neelakantha Chaturdhara|Nilakanatha]] mentions [[Suhma kingdom|Suhma]] as a synonym of Rāḍha. However, as Subbhabhumi is a corruption of Suhma, it appears that Suhma referred to only a part of the ancient Rāḍha region.{{sfn|Rupendra Suhma|2012}}

==== Uttara Rāḍha ====

A 6th century CE inscription of the Chola king Devendravarman is the earliest inscription to mention Uttara Rāḍha. The 12th century Belava copper inscription of Bhojavarman states that Bhatta Bhavadeva was born in the Siddhala village (modern Siddhalagram) of Uttara Rāḍha. The 12th century [[Naihati]] inscription of [[Vallalasena]] also mentions a village named Vallahittaha in the Uttara-Rāḍha ''mandala'' (administrative unit). It suggests that Uttara Rāḍha was a part of the Vardhaman ''bhukti'' (province). However, the inscription of Vallalasena's successor [[Lakshmana Sena|Lakshmanasena]] states that this region was a part of the Kankagram ''bhukti''.{{sfn|Rupendra Radha|2012}}

Based on these records, Rupendra K Chattopadhyaya believes that the Uttara Rāḍha included the western parts of the modern [[Murshidabad district]], the entire [[Birbhum district]], some parts of the [[Santal Parganas district]], and the northern part of the [[Katwa subdivision]] of the [[Purba Bardhaman district|Bardhaman district]].{{sfn|Rupendra Radha|2012}}

The archaeological sites located in the historical Uttara Rāḍha region include Rajbadidanga, Gitagram, Paikor, Batikar, [[Bahiri]], Kagas, Kotasur, and Vallala-rajar-dhibi (Ballal Dhipi).{{sfn|Rupendra Radha|2012}}

==== Dakṣina Rāḍha ====

Dakṣina Rāḍha appears as a distinct unit in several inscriptions, including the 10th century Gaonri inscription of [[Vakpati Munja]], the 10th century ''Nyayakandali'' of Sridhara-acharya, the 11th century ''Prabodha-Chandrodaya'' by Krishna Mishra, the 13th century Amareshvara temple inscription of [[Mandhata]], and the 16th century ''Chandimangal'' by Mukundarama. The 11th century CE [[Tirumala Venkateswara Temple|Tirumalai]] inscription of [[Rajendra Chola I]] also mentions "Ladam" (Uttara Rāḍha) and "Takkana-Ladam" (Dakṣina Rāḍha) as two distinct units.{{sfn|Rupendra Radha|2012}}

Rupendra K Chattopadhyaya theorizes that the Dakṣiṇa Rāḍha covered a large of part of West Bengal lying between the [[Ajay River|Ajay]] and [[Damodar River|Damodar]] rivers. This includes large parts of the later [[Bardhaman district|Bardhaman]], [[Howrah district|Howrah]], and [[Hooghly district|Hughli]], and Burdwan districts. The southern boundary of Dakṣiṇa Rāḍha may have extended to the [[Rupnarayan River]], and its western boundary extended beyond the Damodar river into the present-day [[Arambag subdivision]].{{sfn|Rupendra Radha|2012}}

The archaeological sites that formed part of Dakṣina Rāḍha include: [[Mahanad]], Betur, [[Saptagram]], Garh Mandaran, Bharatpur, [[Mangalkot]], and possibly [[Dihar]] and Puskarana.{{sfn|Rupendra Radha|2012}}

==Notable people of Rarh==
Rarh presented human society the first philosopher Maharishi [[Kapila]] who was born near Jahlda. Maharishi [[Patanjali]] who systematised yoga was born in Patun village in Burdwan. Kashiram Das from Siddhi village in Burdwan made the [[Mahabharata]] in lucid language accessible to the people and [[Krittibas Ojha]] did the same with the [[Ramayana]]. 15th century Indian saint and social reformer [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]], who is the chief proponent of vedantic philosophy of [[Achintya Bheda Abheda]] and [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism]], was born in Nabadwip village of [[Nadia district]]. Others were born in Rarh or were by lineage from Rarh such as: Lochandas Thakur, Vrindavandas Thakur, Govindadas Thakur, Dvaja Chandidas, Dina Chandidas, [[Boru Chandidas]], Ghanaram Chakravorty, Kavikankan Mukundaram Chakravorty, [[Bharatchandra Ray]], [[Premendra Mitra]], Sangeetacharya Kshetramohan Goswami, [[Sharatchandra]], [[Tarashankar Bandopadhyay]], the poet [[Jaydev]], Nobel laureate [[Rabindranath Tagore]], Sangeetacharya Rajendranath Karmakar, [[Anil Kumar Gain]], [[Michael Madhusudan Dutta]], [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]], Satyen Dutta, [[Rajshekhar Basu]] (Parashuram), legendary mathematician Shubhankar Das, Kashana, Jayanta Panigrahi, [[Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar]], [[Satyendranath Bose]], [[Rashbehari Bose]], [[Prafulla Chandra Roy]], [[Subhas Chandra Bose]], [[Ramakrishna Paramahamsa]], [[Swami Vivekananda]], [[Shri Aurobindo]], [[Raja Rammohan Roy]], [[Kaliprasanna Singha]], [[Ramprasad Sen]], [[Keshab Chandra Sen]], [[Akshay Kumar Datta]], [[Devendranath Tagore]], [[Dwarakanath Tagore]], Thakur Shri Nityananda, [[Abanindranath Tagore]], [[Gaganendranath Tagore]], [[Batukeshwar Dutt|Batukeswar Dutt]], Thakur Krshnadas Kaviraj, Yamini Ray, [[Maniklal Sinha]],<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> [[Kaberi Gain]], [[Ramkinkar Baij]], [[Kalidasa]], [[Khudiram Bose|Kshudiram Bose]], and [[Satyajit Ray|Satyajeet Ray]].<ref name="Sarkar" />

== See also ==
*[[Khoai]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=André Wink |title=Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g2m7_R5P2oAC&pg=PA257 |year=2002 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=0-391-04173-8 }}
* {{cite book |author=Anita Roy Mukherjee |title=Forest Resources Conservation and Regeneration: A Study of West Bengal Plateau |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uwm-Jl2fKF8C&pg=PA22 |year=1995 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7022-562-1 }}
* {{cite book |author1=Balai Chandra Das |author2=Sandipan Ghosh |author3=Aznarul Islam |author4=MD. Ismail |title=Neo-Thinking on Ganges-Brahmaputra Basin Geomorphology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LxpaCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA20 |year=2016 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-26443-1 |ref={{harvid|Balai Chandra Das|2016}} }}
* {{cite book |author=Dineschandra Sircar |author-link=Dineschandra Sircar |title=Studies in the Geography of Ancient and Medieval India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AqKw1Mn8WcwC&pg=PA217 |year=1971 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0690-0 }}
* {{cite book |author=Gouripada Chatterjee |title=History of Bagree-Rajya (Garhbeta) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=23aE18nmt-0C&pg=PR7 |year=1987 |publisher=Mittal |isbn=978-81-7099-014-7 |pages=7 }}
* {{cite book |author=Mohammad Yusuf Siddiq |title=Epigraphy and Islamic Culture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nAUBCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA27 |year=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-58746-0 }}
* {{cite book |author=Nitish K. Sengupta |title=Land of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to Mujib |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVSh_TyJ0YoC&pg=PA28 |year=2011 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-341678-4 }}
* {{cite book |author1=Praṇaba Chattopadhyaya |title=Archaeometallurgy in India: Studies on technoculture in early copper and iron ages in Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IzSBAAAAMAAJ |year=2004 |publisher=Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute }}
* {{cite book |author=Rupendra K Chattopadhyaya |title=Banglapedia: Radha |edition=Second |editor1=Sirajul Islam |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2=Ahmed A. Jamal |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Radha2 |year=2012 |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |isbn=978-984-32-0584-1 |ref={{harvid|Rupendra Radha|2012}} }}
* {{cite book |author=Rupendra K Chattopadhyaya |title=Banglapedia: Suhma |edition=Second |editor1=Sirajul Islam |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2=Ahmed A. Jamal |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Suhma |year=2012 |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |isbn=978-984-32-0584-1 |ref={{harvid|Rupendra Suhma|2012}} }}
* {{cite journal |author=Rahul Peter Das |author-link=Rahul Peter Das |title=Some Remarks on the Bengali Deity Dharma: Its Cult and Study |journal=Anthropos |volume=78 |issue=5/ |jstor=40460739 |year=1983 |publisher=Anthropos Institut |pages=661–700 }}
* {{cite book |title=Students' Britannica India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ISFBJarYX7YC&pg=PA240 |year=2000 |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica / Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-0-85229-760-5 |ref={{harvid|Students Britannica|2000}} }}
* {{cite book |author=Shyuam Chand Mukherji |title=A Study of Vaiṣṇavism in Ancient and Medieval Bengal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J_sfAAAAMAAJ |year=1966 |publisher=Punthi Pustak |oclc=220444592}}
{{refend}}

{{Santhal Pargana Division topics |state=autocollapse}}

{{West Bengal}}

[[Category:Historical regions in India]]
[[Category:Geography of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Ancient divisions in Bengal]]
[[Category:History of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Regions of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Regions of India]]

Propose Day

2026-02-15T17:57:58Z

DexterEdmonson0:

{{Short description|Entry day of Valentine's day}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2022}}
[[File:Rose flower in bundle.jpg|thumb|Roses]]
'''Propose Day''' is celebrated in India on 8 February as a day to propose to one's significant other.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Propose Day – February 8, 2022|date=29 January 2022 |url=https://nationaltoday.com/propose-day/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208150727/https://nationaltoday.com/propose-day/|archive-date=February 8, 2022}}</ref> A large number of young people give roses to propose to their prospective girlfriend or boyfriend. It is the second day in [[Valentine's Week]]. Although Valentine's Day is celebrated across whole world, Valentine's Week is something celebrated in India only. This week marks various festivities across India including Rose Day on the 7th.
[[File:Aww, cute little birdies. (8272913475).jpg|thumb|222x222px|A "couple" of birdy treats]]

==See also==
* [[National Hugging Day]]
* [[Valentine's Day]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:February observances]]
[[Category:Days celebrating love]]

{{tradition-stub}}

Kamlesh Shivji Vikamsey

2026-02-07T23:21:47Z

DexterEdmonson0: Created new details first draft...

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kamlesh Shivji Vikamsey
| image = KamleshVikamsey1.jpg
| father = Shivji K. Vikamsey
| birth_date = {{birth date |df=yes|1960|12|06}}
| birth_place = [[India]]
| education = [[University of Mumbai]] [[Podar College]], Mumbai Fellow [[Chartered Accountant]]
| occupation = Senior Partner, KKC & Associates LLP (formerly Khimji Kunverji & Co LLP)
| title = [[Chartered Accountant]]
| credits = Former president of [[Institute of Chartered Accountants of India|ICAI]] & of CAPA
| URL = http://www.kkcllp.in
}}

'''Kamlesh Shivji Vikamsey''' is an Indian [[Chartered Accountant]] and a Past President of [[Institute of Chartered Accountants of India]] ([[ICAI]]) and a Past President of The [[Confederation of Asian and Pacific Accountants]] (CAPA). He is an expert on governance and oversight; and has served in his personal capacity on several international organizations like [[UNDP]], [[IMF]], [[UNICEF]], [[ITU]] and [[WMO]] in Audit and Oversight Committees.

==Childhood and education==
Kamlesh was born in December 1960 in Mumbai in a family of highly educated people. His father, Mr.[[Shivji K. Vikamsey]] was a [[Chartered Accountant]] and a past member of the central council of ICAI. His younger brother, Mr.[[Nilesh Shivji Vikamsey]] is also a Chartered Accountant and was the past president of the ICAI.

He obtained [[B.Com]] degree from [[Mumbai University]] after studying in [[Podar College]] in 1981 and went on to become a Chartered Accountant in 1982.

==Profession==
After obtaining CA qualification, Kamlesh started his public practice in the same year. He is the senior partner of the accounting firm, [[KKC & Associates LLP]] (formerly [[Khimji Kunverji & Co LLP]]), [[Mumbai]].

==Positions held==

===In India===
*'''ICAI''' : Kamlesh Vikamsey was elected to the Central Council of ICAI in 1998 and he remained as a Central Council Member till 2007. He was elected as its Vice President in 2004<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/02/19/stories/2004021910210300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040903165137/http://www.hindu.com/2004/02/19/stories/2004021910210300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 September 2004|title=Kamlesh Vikamsey elected as Vice President of ICAI | location=Chennai, India |work=[[The Hindu]]|date=19 February 2004}}</ref> and its President in 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icai.org/post.html?post_id=2010&c_id=238|title=Kamlesh Shivji Vikamsey and T.N. Manoharan elected New President and Vice-President of ICAI - (05-02-05)|date=5 February 2005|work=ICAI|accessdate=23 July 2010|archive-date=4 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101104132150/http://icai.org/post.html?post_id=2010&c_id=238|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blonnet.com/2005/02/10/stories/2005021002011000.htm|title=Kamlesh Vikamsey new ICAI President}}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He has also chaired various committees of the Institute.
[[File:Kamlesh1.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Kamlesh & HE Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, President of India in ICAI International Conference at New Delhi.]]
*'''IRDA''' : He was member of The Standing Committee on Accounting Issues of [[Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority]] of India ([[Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority|IRDA]])
*'''Appellate Authority''' : He was also the member of Appellate Authority constituted under section 22A of the Chartered Accountants Act, 1949.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.appellateauthority.in/former-chairperson-and-members-2/|title=Appellate Authority - Former Chairperson and Members}}</ref>
*'''Directorships''' : Kamlesh is director in many prominent public sector and private sector companies. He is also Trustee and treasurer of [[Global Vipassana Foundation]], an internationally renowned Trust, which has constructed [[Global Pagoda]] in Mumbai. The Global Pagoda is the World’s largest stone dome built without any supporting pillars. It is built combining ancient Indian and Modern Technology to enable it to last for at least 2000 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalpagoda.org/Donation.aspx?ParentId=6|title=Global Vipassana Pagoda|access-date=3 August 2010|archive-date=21 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100421010238/http://www.globalpagoda.org/Donation.aspx?ParentId=6|url-status=dead}}</ref> He is appointed as a trustee of LIC Golden Jubilee Foundation, a charitable trust settled by [[Life Insurance Corporation]] of India.

===International===

*'''SAFA''': Kamlesh was Chairman of Centre of Excellence on Education, Training and CPD of [[South Asian Federation of Accountants]] (SAFA – An Apex Body of [[SAARC]]) – 2004–2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.esafa.org/Feature/ChonicleJun04.pdf|title=Change of Chairmanship of Education, Examination, Training & CPE Committee - Page 2|access-date=3 August 2010|archive-date=9 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009140851/http://www.esafa.org/Feature/ChonicleJun04.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*'''CAPA''': He has also served as Deputy President - The Confederation of Asian and Pacific Accountants (CAPA) – 2005-2007<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icai.org/post.html?post_id=2044|title=KAMLESH S VIKAMSEY, PAST PRESIDENT ICSI ELECTED AS DEPUTY PRESIDENT OF CAPA - (22-11-05)}}</ref> and as President of CAPA - 2007-2009<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.capa.com.my/article.cfm?id=414|title=CAPA Official Website- Past Presidents|access-date=2 February 2011|archive-date=20 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720013434/http://www.capa.com.my/article.cfm?id=414|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icai.org/post.html?post_id=1924|title=Kamlesh S Vikamsey, Former President ICAI Elected As President of CAPA and Sunil Talati President ICAI As A Board Member of CAPA - (08-10-07)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.capa.com.my/images/capa/AR_2009.pdf|title=Kamlesh S Vikamsey - President of CAPA|access-date=9 August 2010|archive-date=16 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716145727/http://www.capa.com.my/images/capa/AR_2009.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> and Chairman of Strategic Committee of The Confederation of Asian and Pacific Accountants (CAPA) 2005-2007
*'''IFAC''': He has also been a Board Member – International Federation of Accountants ([[International Federation of Accountants|IFAC]]) in 2005-2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icai.org/post.html?post_id=2045&c_id=238|title=Kamlesh S Vikamsey, ICAI Past President Appointed To Board of IFAC - (28-11-05)}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/01/stories/2005120105311800.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061029133115/http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/01/stories/2005120105311800.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 October 2006|title=Appointed to IFAC board | location=Chennai, India |work=[[The Hindu]]|date=1 December 2005}}</ref> and also a member of Planning & Finance Committee of International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) 2006-2008
*'''UN''': He was also a member of Steering Committee of [[United Nations]] for Comprehensive Review of Governance and Oversight within the United Nations, and its funds, programme and specialized agencies, appointed by then Secretary General of United Nations Mr.[[Kofi Annan]] - 2006<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/reform/governance/report.html|title=Comprehensive Review of Governance and Oversight}}</ref>
*'''UNDP''': He was also the Chairperson of Audit Advisory Committee of the [[United Nations Development Programme]] ([[UNDP]]), [[New York City]] 1 July 2014 to 30 June 2015 & Member since 1 July 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icai.org/post.html?post_id=6043|title=ICAI Past-President CA. Kamlesh Vikamsey on UNDP Audit Committee}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/corporate/Transparency/AAC-Annual-Report-for-2010.pdf|title=UNDP AAC Annual Report 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/corporate/Transparency/DP2012-13_AAC%20Annual%20Report.pdf|title=UNDP AAC Annual Report 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/corporate/Transparency/AAC%202012%20Annual%20Report.pdf|title=UNDP AAC Annual Report 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/corporate/Transparency/AAC-Annual-Report-for-2013.pdf|title=UNDP AAC Annual Report 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/corporate/Transparency/AAC-Annual-Report-2014.pdf|title=UNDP AAC Annual Report 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/corporate/Transparency/AAC-Annual-Report-2015.pdf?download|title=UNDP AAC Annual Report 2015}}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
*'''ITU''': He is appointed as a member of [[Independent Management Advisory Committee]] (IMAC) of [[International Telecommunication Union]] ([[ITU]]), [[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]] with effect from 1 January 2016 for a term of four years, further extended by four years. He is currently the Chairman of the Committee from January 2020<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itu.int/en/council/Pages/imac.aspx|title=Independent Management Advisory Committee}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hlbi.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=1705:kamlesh-vikamsey-from-hlb-in-india-appointed-to-imf-s-external-audit-committee&Itemid=1094|title=Mr. Vikamsey has also been recently appointed a member of the Independent Management Advisory Committee (IMAC) of the United Nations' International Telecommunication Union (ITU)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.itu.int/en/council/Documents/IMAC_10th-Annual-Report_C21-22.pdf|title=2021 IMAC 10th Annual Report}}</ref>
*'''IMF''': He was appointed as a member of the [[External Audit Committee]] (EAC) of [[International Monetary Fund]] ([[IMF]]), [[Washington D.C.]], [[United States of America]] with effect from 1 November 2015 for a term of three years and as its Chairperson with effect from 1 November 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/np/eac/eng/eac.htm|title=The IMF's External Audit Committee (EAC)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hlbi.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=1705:kamlesh-vikamsey-from-hlb-in-india-appointed-to-imf-s-external-audit-committee&Itemid=1094|title=Kamlesh Vikamsey from HLB in India appointed to IMF's External Audit Committee}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/ar/2018/eng/assets/pdf/imf-ar-2018-finances-organization-accountability.pdf|title=IMF 2018 Annual Report: Building a Shared Future}}</ref>
*'''UNICEF''': He was appointed as a member of the Audit Advisory Committee (AAC) of [[United Nations Children's Fund]] ([[UNICEF]]), New York, United States of America for a term of three years in October 2016; further extended for a term of three years in October 2019. He was Chairman of the Committee from 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hlbi.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=1787:kamlesh-vikamsey-from-hlb-in-india-appointed-to-audit-advisory-committee-of-united-nations-children-s-fund&Itemid=1094|title=Kamlesh Vikamsey from HLB in India appointed to Audit Advisory Committee of United Nations Children's Fund}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unicef.org/about/execboard/files/UNICEF_Audit_Advisory_Committee_2015_AR-13Apr16-FINAL.pdf|title=UNICEF Audit Advisory Committee 2015 Annual Report}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unicef.org/about/execboard/files/UNICEF_AAC_2016_Annual_Report-final-EN-29Mar17.pdf|title=UNICEF Audit Advisory Committee 2016 Annual Report}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unicef.org/executiveboard/media/4576/file/2021-2020_AAC_Annual_Report-EN-2021.04.05.pdf|title=UNICEF Audit Advisory Committee 2020 Annual Report}}</ref>
*'''WMO''': He was appointed as member of the Audit Oversight Committee (AOC) of the [[World Meteorological Organization]] [[(WMO)]] from March 2019 for a term of three years; further extended for a term of three years from March 2022 to March 2025.
*'''UNFPA''': He is appointed as member of the Independent Oversight Advisory Committee (OAC) of [[United Nations Population Fund]] [[(UNFPA)]], New York from July 2022 for a period of three years.
*'''WIPO''': He is appointed as member of the Independent Advisory Oversight Committee (IAOC) of [[World Intellectual Property Organization]] [[(WIPO)]], Geneva from February 2023 for a period of three years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/govbody/en/wo_iaoc_66/wo_iaoc_66_2.pdf|title=WIPO Independent Advisory Oversight Committee}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.kkc.in Official webpage]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vikamsey, Kamlesh Shivji}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Indian accountants]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Mumbai]]

Sri Vaishnavism

2026-02-07T15:15:11Z

DexterEdmonson0: updated page

{{Short description|One of the major Vaishnava traditions}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox religious group
|group = Sri Vaishnavism
|image = Srirangamlong view.jpg
|caption = The [[Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam|Ranganathaswamy Temple]] of [[Srirangam]] is the largest Hindu temple in India.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hxjOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA884 | isbn=978-1-61069-026-3 | title=Faiths across Time [4 volumes]: 5,000 Years of Religious History [4 volumes] | date=15 January 2014 | publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA }}</ref>
| scriptures = [[Vedas]], [[Upanishads]], [[Bhagavad Gita]], [[Brahma Sutra]], [[Pancharatra]], [[Naalayira Divya Prabhandham|Prabandham]]{{Sfn|Ranjeeta Dutta|2007|pp=22-43}}{{Sfn|John Carman|Vasudha Narayanan|1989|pp=3-8}}
|regions = [[India]], [[Nepal]]
| religions = [[Vaishnavism]] (Hinduism)
|languages = [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Sanskrit]]
}}
{{Vaishnavism}}
{{Hinduism}}
'''Sri Vaishnavism''' ({{langx|sa|श्रीवैष्णवसम्प्रदाय|translit=Śrīvaiṣṇavasampradāya}}) is a denomination within the [[Vaishnavism]] tradition of [[Hinduism]],{{sfn|Matchett|2000|p=4, 200}} predominantly practiced in [[South India]]. The name refers to goddess [[Lakshmi]] (also known as Sri), as well as a prefix that means "sacred, revered", and the god [[Vishnu]], who are together revered in this tradition.{{sfn|Matchett|2000|p=4, 77, 200}}{{Sfn|John Carman|Vasudha Narayanan|1989|pp=xvii, 3-4}}

The tradition traces its roots to the ancient [[Vedas]] and [[Pancharatra]] texts, popularised by the [[Alvars]] and their canon, the [[Naalayira Divya Prabandham]].{{Sfn|Lester|1966|pp=266-269}}{{Sfn|Francis Clooney |Tony Stewart |2004|pp=167-168}}{{Sfn|John Carman|Vasudha Narayanan|1989|pp=3-4, 36-42, 181}} The founding of Sri Vaishnavism is traditionally attributed to [[Nathamuni]] of the 10th century CE;{{sfn|Flood|1996|p=136}} its central philosopher has been [[Ramanuja]] of the 11th century, who developed the ''[[Vishishtadvaita]]'' ("qualified non-dualism") [[Vedanta]] sub-school of [[Hindu philosophy]].{{sfn|Morgan|1953}}{{Sfn|John Carman|Vasudha Narayanan|1989|pp=3-4}} The tradition split into two denominations around the 16th century. The [[Vadakalai]] or uttarakalārya sect emphasize the [[Vedas]] and follow the doctrine of [[Vedanta Desika]], whereas the [[Tenkalai]] or dakṣiṇakalārya sect emphasize the [[Naalayira Divya Prabandham]] follow the principles of [[Manavala Mamunigal]].{{Sfn|Mumme|1987|p=257}}{{Sfn|Bryant|2007|pp=286-287}} The [[Telugu Brahmin]]s of the Sri Vaishnava tradition form a single distinct sect called the [[Andhra Vaishnavas]], and are not divided into the Vadakalai and Tenkalai denominations, unlike the Tamil [[Iyengar]]s.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=Jogendra Nath |title=Hindu Castes and Sects: An Exposition of the Origin of the Hindu Caste System and the Bearing of the Sects Towards Each Other and Towards Other Religious Systems |date=1896 |publisher=Thacker, Spink |page=98 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlpLAAAAMAAJ |language=en |quote=The Sri Vaishnavas among the Telingana Brahmans form a distinct caste called Andhra Vaishnava. They are not sub-divided as Vadgala and Tengala like their co-religionists of Dravida}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The name Sri Vaishnavism ([[IAST]]: Śrīvaiṣṇavism) is derived from two words, ''Sri'' and ''Vaishnavism''. In [[Sanskrit]], the word [[Lakshmi|Sri]] refers to goddess Lakshmi as well as a prefix that means "sacred, revered", and god [[Vishnu]] who are together revered in this tradition.{{sfn|Matchett|2000|p=4, 200}}{{Sfn|John Carman|Vasudha Narayanan|1989|pp=xvii, 3-4}} The word Vaishnavism refers to a tradition that reveres god Vishnu as the supreme god.<ref>{{cite book|author=Stephan Schuhmacher |title=The Encyclopedia of Eastern Philosophy and Religion: Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, Zen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vpP8770qVakC |date=1994 |publisher=Shambhala |isbn=978-0-87773-980-7 |page=397 }}</ref> The followers of Sri Vaishnavism are known as the Sri Vaishnavas (IAST: Śrīvaiṣṇava, श्रीवैष्णव).<ref>[http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=DI&beginning=0+&tinput=zrIvaiSNava+&trans=Translate&direction=SE श्रीवैष्णव], Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Koeln University, Germany (2011)</ref>

==History==
{{See also|Vaishnavism in Ancient Tamilakam}}

===Theological origins===
The tradition traces its roots to the primordial start of the world through Vishnu, and to the texts of Vedic era with both Sri and Vishnu found in ancient texts of the 1st millennium BCE particularly to the [[Puranas]], [[Upanishads]], and the [[Bhagavad Gita]].{{Sfn|Francis Clooney|Tony Stewart|2004|pp=167-168}}{{Sfn|Bryant|2007|pp=286-287}}

===Historical origins===
The historical basis of Sri Vaishnavism is in the syncretism of two developments. The first is Sanskrit traditions found in ancient texts such as the Vedas and the [[Agama (Hinduism)|Agama]] (Pancaratra, Vaikhanasa), and the second is the Tamil traditions found in early medieval texts (''[[Naalayira Divya Prabandham|Tamil Prabandham]]'')<ref>{{cite book|author=Klaus K. Klostermaier |title=Mythologies and Philosophies of Salvation in the Theistic Traditions of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J-1QJMu80UIC |year=1984|publisher=Wilfrid Laurier University Press |isbn=978-0-88920-158-3 |page=102 }}</ref> and practices such as the emotional songs and music of [[Alvars]] that expressed spiritual ideas, ethics and loving devotion to god Vishnu.{{sfn|Flood|1996|p=135-136}}{{Sfn|Francis Clooney |Tony Stewart |2004|pp=167-168}}{{Sfn|John Carman|Vasudha Narayanan|1989|pp=3-4, 36-42, 181}} The Sanskrit traditions likely represent the ideas shared in ancient times, from the [[Ganges|Ganges river]] plains of the northern Indian subcontinent, while the Tamil traditions likely have roots in the [[Kaveri|Kaveri river]] plains of southern India, particularly what in modern times are the coastal [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]] and [[Tamil Nadu]] region.{{Sfn|John Carman|Vasudha Narayanan|1989|pp= 3-5}}

The tradition was founded by [[Nathamuni]] (10th century), who combined the two traditions, by drawing on Sanskrit philosophical tradition and combining it with the aesthetic and emotional appeal of the [[Bhakti movement]] pioneers called the [[Alvars]].{{sfn|Flood|1996|p=136}} Sri Vaishnavism developed in Tamil Nadu in the 10th century, after Nathamuni returned from a pilgrimage to [[Vrindavan]] in north India (modern [[Uttar Pradesh]]).{{sfn|Flood|1996|p=135-136}}

Nathamuni's ideas were continued by [[Yamunacharya]], who maintained that the Vedas and Pancaratras are equal, devotional rituals and bhakti are important practices.{{sfn|Flood|1996|p=136}} The legacy of Yamunacharya was continued by [[Ramanuja]] (1017-1137),{{Sfn|John Carman|1974|pp=45, 80}} but they never met.<ref name="Sydnor2012p20">{{cite book|author=Jon Paul Sydnor|title=Ramanuja and Schleiermacher: Toward a Constructive Comparative Theology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ae4FBAAAQBAJ|year=2012|publisher=Casemate|isbn=978-0227680247|pages=20–22 with footnote 32}}</ref> Legend goes that Ramanuja saw Yamunacharya's corpse, which had three fingers curled. Ramanuja was told that they represented the three wishes that Yamunacharya had revealed before he passed. One of the wishes was that Ramanuja should write a commentary on the Brahma Sutras.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramanuja {{!}} Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |url=https://iep.utm.edu/ramanuja/ |access-date=2023-07-21 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ramanuja, a scholar who studied in an [[Advaita Vedanta]] monastery and disagreed with some of the ideas of Advaita, became the most influential leader of Sri Vaishnavism.<ref name=olivellehsarp10>{{cite book| author=Patrick Olivelle| title=The Samnyasa Upanisads : Hindu Scriptures on Asceticism and Renunciation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fB8uneM7q1cC |year=1992 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-536137-7 |pages=10–11, 17–18}}</ref><ref name=jabvanbuirhtp>J.A.B. van Buitenen (2008), [http://www.britannica.com/biography/Ramanuja Ramanuja - Hindu theologian and Philosopher], Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> He developed the [[Visistadvaita]] ("qualified non-dualism") philosophy.{{sfn|Flood|1996|p=136}}

Around 14th century, [[Ramanandi Sampradaya]] split from it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lordrama.co.in/sri-vaishnav-parampara.html|title=Ramanandi Sampradaya}}</ref><ref>Tattwananda, Swami (1984), Vaisnava Sects, Saiva Sects, Mother Worship (1st revised ed.), Calcutta: Firma KLM Private Ltd., p. 10</ref> Around the 18th century, the Sri Vaishnava tradition split into the ''[[Vadakalai]]'' ("northern culture", Vedic) and ''[[Thenkalai|Tenkalai]]'' ("southern culture", Bhakti).{{Sfn|Mumme|1987|p=257}}{{Sfn|Bryant|2007|pp=286-287}} The ''Vadakalai'' placed more emphasis on the Sanskrit traditions, while the ''Tenkalai'' relied more on the Tamil traditions.{{sfn|Flood|1996|p=137}} This theological dispute between the Vedic and Bhakti traditions traces it roots to the debate between [[Srirangam]] and [[Kanchipuram]] monasteries between the 13th and 15th century.{{Sfn|Mumme|1987|p=257}} The debate then was on the nature of salvation and the role of grace. The Bhakti-favouring Tenkalai tradition asserted, states Patricia Mumme, that Vishnu saves the soul like "a mother cat carries her kitten", where the kitten just accepts the mother while she picks her up and carries.{{Sfn|Mumme|1987|p=257}} In contrast the Karma-favouring Vadakalai tradition asserted that Vishnu saves the soul like "a mother monkey carries her baby", where the baby has to make an effort and hold on while the mother carries.{{Sfn|Mumme|1987|p=257}} This metaphorical description of the disagreement between the two sub-traditions, first appears in the 18th-century Tamil texts, but historically refers to the foundational ideas behind the ''karma''-marga versus ''bhakti''-marga traditions of Hinduism.{{Sfn|Mumme|1987|pp=257-266}}

===Reverence for Vishnu and Lakshmi===
Along with Vishnu, and like [[Shaivism]], the ultimate reality and truth is considered in Sri Vaishnavism to be the divine sharing of the feminine and the masculine, the goddess and the god.{{Sfn|John Carman |1994|p=151}} Sri ([[Lakshmi]]) is regarded as the preceptor of the Sri Vaishnava sampradaya. Goddess Sri has been considered inseparable from god [[Vishnu]], and essential to each other, and to the act of mutual loving devotion. Sri and Vishnu act and cooperate in the creation of everything that exists, and redemption.{{Sfn|John Carman |1994|p=151}} According to some medieval scholars of Sri Vaishnava theology, states John Carman, Sri and Vishnu do so using "divine knowledge that is unsurpassed" and through "love that is an erotic union".{{Sfn|John Carman |1994|p=151}} But Sri Vaishnavism differs from Shaivism, in that Vishnu is ultimately the sole creator, preserver and destroyer of the universe while Sri Lakshmi is the medium for salvation, the kind mother who recommends to Vishnu and thereby helps living beings in their desire for redemption and salvation.{{Sfn|John Carman |1994|p=151}} In contrast, in Shaivism, the goddess ([[Shakti]]) is the energy and power of Shiva and she is the equal with different roles, supreme in the role of creator and destroyer.{{Sfn|John Carman |1994|pp=151-152}}

The prefix ''[[Sri]]'' is used for this sect because they give special importance to the worship of the Goddess Lakshmi, the consort of Vishnu, who they believe to act as a mediator between God Vishnu and man.{{Sfn|John Carman |1994|p=151}}{{sfn|Tapasyananda|2011|p=53}}

==Philosophy==
===Vishishtadvaita===
{{Main|Vishishtadvaita}}
Sri Vaishnavism's philosophical foundation was systematized by [[Ramanuja]].<ref name=olivellehsarp10/> Ramanuja developed the doctrine of qualified [[monism]], called ''Vishishtadvaita'' in Hindu philosophy, which became the central philosophical system of Sri Vaishnavism.<ref name=brucesullivan239>{{cite book|author=Bruce M. Sullivan|title=The A to Z of Hinduism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xU4ZdatgRysC|year=2001|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-8108-4070-6|page=239}}</ref><ref name=joeschultz81>{{cite book|author=Joseph P. Schultz|title=Judaism and the Gentile Faiths: Comparative Studies in Religion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dchpiP-9YQAC|year=1981|publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson University Press|isbn=978-0-8386-1707-6|pages=81–84}}</ref>

Vishishtadvaita asserts that [[Atman (Hinduism)|Atman]] (souls) and [[Brahman]]{{Refn|group=note|Brahman is the metaphysical ultimate unchanging reality in Vedic and post-Vedic Hinduism, and is Vishnu in Sri Vaishnavism.}} are different, a difference that is never transcended.<ref name=staffordbetty215>Stafford Betty (2010), Dvaita, Advaita, and Viśiṣṭādvaita: Contrasting Views of Mokṣa, Asian Philosophy: An International Journal of the Philosophical Traditions of the East, Volume 20, Issue 2, pages 215-224</ref><ref>Edward Craig (2000), Concise Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Routledge, {{ISBN|978-0415223645}}, pages 517-518</ref> God Vishnu alone is independent, all other gods and beings are dependent on him.{{Sfn|Sharma|1994|p=373}} However, in contrast to Dvaita Vedanta philosophy of Madhvacharya, Ramanuja asserts "qualified non-dualism",{{Sfn|Stoker|2011}} that souls share the same essential nature of Brahman,{{Sfn|Stoker|2011}} and that there is a universal sameness in the quality and degree of bliss possible for human souls, and every soul can reach the bliss state of God himself.<ref name=staffordbetty215/>{{Sfn|Sharma|1994|pp=373-374}} While the 13th- to 14th-century Madhvacharya asserted both "qualitative and quantitative pluralism of souls", Ramanuja asserted "qualitative monism and quantitative pluralism of souls", states Sharma.{{Sfn|Sharma|1994|p=374}} The other philosophical difference between Madhvacharya's Vaishnavism Sampradaya and Ramanuja's Vaishnavism Sampradaya,{{Refn|group=note|These two [[Vaishnavism]] traditions are respectively called the Sri Vaishnava sampradaya and the Brahma sampradaya.{{Sfn|Klostermaier|2007|p=304}}}} has been on the idea of eternal damnation; Madhvacharya believed that some souls are eternally doomed and damned, while Ramanuja disagreed and accepted the Advaita Vedanta view that everyone can, with effort, achieve inner liberation and spiritual freedom ([[moksha]]).{{Sfn|Sharma|1994|pp=374-375}}{{Sfn|Bryant|2007|pp=361-362}}

{{Quote box | bgcolor=#FFE0BB |align=right
|quote= '''Theology'''
<poem>
Śrīvaiṣṇava theologians state that the poems of
the [[Alvars]] contain the essential meaning of
the Sanskrit [[Vedas]].
</poem>
|source =— John Carman and Vasudha Narayanan{{Sfn|John Carman|Vasudha Narayanan|1989|p=6}}}}
According to Sri Vaishnavism theology, ''moksha'' can be reached by devotion and service to the Lord and detachment from the world. When ''moksha'' is reached, the cycle of reincarnation is broken and the soul is united with Vishnu, though maintaining their distinctions, in ''Vaikuntha'', Vishnu's heaven.{{sfn|Flood|1996|p=136-137}} Moksha can also be reached by total surrender (''[[saranagati]]''), an act of grace by the Lord.{{sfn|Flood|1996|p=137: the tenkalai emphasized the Tamil scriptures and surrender to the Lord by his grace}}

God, according to Ramanuja's Sri Vaishnavism philosophy, has both soul and body; all of life and the world of matter is the glory of God's body.<ref name=jabvanbuirhtp/> The path to Brahman (Vishnu), asserted Ramanuja, is devotion to godliness and constant remembrance of the beauty and love of personal god (''saguna'' Brahman, Vishnu).<ref name=jabvanbuirhtp/><ref name=joeschultz81/><ref name="Sydnor2012p10">{{cite book| author=Jon Paul Sydnor| title=Ramanuja and Schleiermacher: Toward a Constructive Comparative Theology| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ae4FBAAAQBAJ| year=2012| publisher=Casemate|isbn=978-0227680247|pages=10–11}}</ref> Ramanuja's theory posits both Brahman and the world of matter are two different absolutes, both metaphysically real, neither one false or illusive, and ''saguna'' Brahman with attributes is also real.<ref name=joeschultz81/>

===Comparisons with Advaita Vedanta===
Ramanuja accepted that the [[Vedas]] are a reliable source of knowledge, then critiqued other schools of Hindu philosophy, including [[Advaita Vedanta]], as having failed in interpreting all of the Vedic texts.<ref name=shyamriep/> He asserted, in his ''[[Sri Bhashya]]'', that ''purvapaksin'' (previous schools) selectively interpret those [[Upanishads|Upanishadic]] passages that support their monistic interpretation, and ignore those passages that support the pluralism interpretation.<ref name=shyamriep/> There is no reason, stated Ramanuja, to prefer one part of a scripture and not other, the whole of the scripture must be considered on par.<ref name=shyamriep/>{{Sfn|John Carman|1994|p=86}} One cannot, according to Ramanuja, attempt to give interpretations of isolated portions of any scripture. Rather, the scripture must be considered one integrated corpus, expressing a consistent doctrine.<ref name=shyamriep>Shyam Ranganathan (2011), [http://www.iep.utm.edu/ramanuja/ Rāmānuja (c. 1017 - c. 1137)], IEP, York University</ref> The Vedic literature, asserted Ramanuja, mentions both plurality and oneness, therefore the truth must incorporate pluralism and monism, or qualified monism.<ref name="shyamriep"/>

===Comparisons with Protestant Christianity and Buddhism===
John Carman, a professor at the [[Harvard Divinity School]], states that some of the similarities in [[salvation]] ideas in Sri Vaishnavism and Protestant Christian doctrines of divine grace are striking.{{Sfn|John Carman |1994|pp=117-118, 148-153}} Both accept God as a personal concept, accept devotee's ability to relate to this God without human intermediaries, and accept the idea of ''sola gratia'' – salvation through faith by the grace of God alone, such as those found in [[Martin Luther]]'s teachings.{{Sfn|John Carman |1994|pp=117-118, 148-153}} While both Sri Vaishnavism and [[Protestantism|Protestant Christianity]] accept a supreme God and shares ideas on the nature of salvation, they differ in their specifics about [[avatara|incarnation]] such as [[Jesus|Jesus Christ]] being the only incarnation in Christianity, while Sri Vaishnavism accepts many incarnations ([[avatar]]) of Vishnu.{{Sfn|John Carman |1994|pp=196-197, for context see 190-201}} Christian missionaries in 19th century colonial British India, noted the many similarities and attempted to express the theology of Christianity as a ''bhakti marga'' to Hindus, along the lines of Sri Vaishnavism, in their mission to convert them from Hinduism to Christianity.{{Sfn|Klostermaier|2007|pp=387-389}}

Similar teachings on the nature of salvation through grace and compassion, adds Carman, are found in the Japanese scholar Shinran's text on Jodo Shinshu sect of Buddhism, even though non-theistic [[Buddhism]] and theistic Sri Vaishnavism do differ in their views on God.{{Sfn|John Carman |1994|pp=117-118, 148-153}} Similarly, [[Pure Land Buddhism|Pure Land]] Buddhists also maintain a desire to be reborn in the highest heaven where one may learn the purest form of moksha from buddhas and bodhisattvas such as [[Avalokiteśvara]]; this reflects the desire of all Vaishnava to be born in Vaikuntha where the highest form of meditation on Narayana occurs.

==Texts and scholarship==
{{Main|Vishishtadvaita}}
Sri Vaishnavism philosophy is primarily based on interpreting [[Vedanta]], particularly the [[Upanishads]], the [[Bhagavad Gita]], the [[Brahma Sutras]] and the Narayaniya section of the [[Mahabharata]].{{Sfn|Francis Clooney |Tony Stewart |2004|pp=167-168}}{{Sfn|Lester|1966|pp=266-282}} The Vaishnava Agama texts, also called the Pancaratra, has been an important part of Sri Vaishnava tradition.{{sfn|Flood|1996|p=136}}{{Sfn|Klostermaier|2007|p=487}} Another theological textual foundation of the tradition are the Tamil [[bhakti]] songs of the Alvars (7th to 10th century).{{Sfn|John Carman|Vasudha Narayanan|1989|pp= 3-4}} The syncretic fusion of the two textual traditions is sometimes referred to as the ''Ubhaya Vedanta'', or dual Vedanta.{{Sfn|John Carman|Vasudha Narayanan|1989|pp= 3-4}} The relative emphasis between the two has been a historic debate within the Sri Vaishnavism tradition,{{Sfn|Ranjeeta Dutta|2007|pp=22-43}} which ultimately led to the schism into the Vatakalai and Tenkalai sub-traditions around the 18th century.{{Sfn|Mumme|1987|p=257}}{{Sfn|Bryant|2007|pp=286-287}}

===Nathamuni===
{{Main|Nathamuni}}
Nathamuni collected the poems of [[Nammalvar]], in the form of ''Divya Prabandham'', likely in the 9th century CE,<ref name=ryanjonessrivaish>{{cite book|author1=Constance Jones |author2=James D. Ryan |title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC |year=2006|publisher=Infobase |isbn=978-0-8160-7564-5 |page=490 }}</ref> or the 10th century.{{sfn|Flood|1996|p=136}} One of his lasting contributions was to apply the Vedic theory of music on all the Alvar songs using [[Sanskrit prosody]], calling the resulting choreography as divine music, and teaching his nephews the art of resonant bhakti singing of the Alvar songs.<ref name=ryanjonessrivaish/> This precedence set the ''[[guru]]-[[Guru–shishya tradition|śiṣya-parampara]]'' (teacher-student-tradition) in Sri Vaishnavism.<ref name="Beck2012p119"/> This style of education from one generation to the next, is a tradition called ''Araiyars'', states Guy Beck, which preserved "the art of singing and dancing the verses of the Divya Prabandham" set in the [[Natya Shastra|sacred melodies and rhythms]] described in the Vedic texts.<ref name="Beck2012p119">{{cite book|author=Guy L. Beck |title=Sonic Liturgy: Ritual and Music in Hindu Tradition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UzUMCAAAQBAJ |year=2012|publisher=University of South Carolina Press |isbn=978-1-61117-108-2 |pages=119–120 }}</ref>

Nathamuni's efforts to syncretically combine the Vedic knowledge and Alvar compositions, also set the precedence of reverence for both the Vedas and the Alvar bhakti ideas. Nathamuni's scholarship that set Alvar songs in Vedic meter set a historic momentum, and the liturgical and meditational songs continue to be sung in the modern era temples of Sri Vaishnavism, which is part of the service called ''cevai'' (Sanskrit: ''Seva'').<ref name=ryanjonessrivaish/><ref>{{cite book|author=Guy L. Beck |title=Sonic Liturgy: Ritual and Music in Hindu Tradition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UzUMCAAAQBAJ |year=2012|publisher=University of South Carolina Press |isbn=978-1-61117-108-2 |pages=118–127 }}</ref>

===Yamunacharya===
{{Main|Yamunacharya}}
Yamunacharya was the grandson of [[Nathamuni]], also known in Sri Vaishnava tradition as Alavandar, whose scholarship is remembered for correlating Alvar bhakti theology and Pancaratra Agama texts to Vedic ideas.{{Sfn|Dalal|2010|p=399}} He was the ''acharya'' (chief teacher) of Sri Vaishnavism monastery at Srirangam, and was followed by [[Ramanuja]], even though they never met.<ref name="Sydnor2012p20"/> Yamunacharya composed a number of works important in Sri Vaishnavism, particularly ''[[Siddhitraya]]m'' (about the nature of Atman, God, universe), ''Gitarthasangraha'' (analysis of the [[Bhagavad Gita]]), Agamapramanya (epistemological basis of Agamas, mapping them to the Vedas), ''Maha Purushanirnayam'' (extension of Nathamuni's treatise), ''[[Stotra Ratna|Stotraratnam]]'' and ''[[Chatuh Shloki|Chathuh shloki]]'' (bhakti [[strota]] texts).{{Sfn|Dalal|2010|p=399}}

Yamunacharya is also credited with ''Nitya Grantha'' and ''Mayavada Khandana''. The ''Nitya Grantha'' is a ritual text and suggests methods of daily worship of [[Narayana]] (Vishnu).<ref>{{cite book|author=C. R. Sreenivasa Ayyangar|title=The Life and Teachings of Sri Ramanujacharya|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeandteaching00ayyagoog|year=1908|publisher=R. Venkateshwar|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lifeandteaching00ayyagoog/page/n140 130] footnote 2}}</ref> The ''Mayavada Khandana'' text, together with ''Siddhitrayam'' critiques the philosophy of [[Advaita Vedanta]] and other non-Vedic traditions.<ref>{{cite book|author=M.C. Alasingaperumal|title=The Brahmavâdin, Volume 5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VMgaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466|year=1900|publisher=Brahmavâdin Press|location=Madras|pages=466–467}}</ref>

===Ramanuja===
{{Main|Ramanuja}}
The Sri Vaishnava tradition attributes nine Sanskrit texts to Ramanuja<ref name="Sydnor2012p2"/> – ''[[Vedarthasamgraha]]'' (literally, "Summary of the Vedas meaning"{{Refn|group=note|This work is predominantly about the Hindu scriptures called the [[Upanishads]] which Ramanuja held as the essence of the Vedas.<ref name=sydnorrs4>{{cite book|author=Jon Paul Sydnor|title=Ramanuja and Schleiermacher: Toward a Constructive Comparative Theology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ae4FBAAAQBAJ| year=2012| publisher=Casemate|isbn=978-0227680247|page=4}}</ref>}}) ''[[Sri Bhasya]]'' (a review and commentary on the ''Brahma Sutras''), ''[[Gita Bhashya|Bhagavad Gita Bhashya]]'' (a review and commentary on the ''Bhagavad Gita''), and the minor works titled ''Vedantadipa'', ''Vedantasara'', ''Gadya Traya'' (which is a compilation of three texts called the ''[[Saranagati Gadyam|Sharanagati Gadyam]]'', ''[[Sriranga Gadyam]]'' and the ''[[Vaikunta Gadyam|Vaikuntha Gadyam]]''), and ''Nitya Grantham''.

Some modern scholars have questioned the authenticity of all but three major works; ''Sri Bhasya'', ''Vedarthasamgraha,'' and ''Bhagavad Gita Bhasya''.<ref name="Sydnor2012p2">{{cite book|author=Jon Paul Sydnor|title=Ramanuja and Schleiermacher: Toward a Constructive Comparative Theology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ae4FBAAAQBAJ| year=2012| publisher=Casemate|isbn=978-0227680247|pages=2–4}}</ref><ref>Robert Lester (1966), Ramanuja and Shri Vaishnavism: the Concept of Prapatti or Sharanagati, History of Religion, Volume 5, Issue 2, pages 266-282</ref>

Ramanuja's scholarship is predominantly founded on Vedanta, Upanishads in particular.<ref name=sydnorrs4/><ref name="Overzee1992p30"/> He never claims that his ideas were original, but his method of synthesis that combined the Vedic ideas with popular spirituality, states Anne Overzee, is original.<ref name="Overzee1992p30"/> According to his biographer Ramakrishnananda, Ramanuja was "the culmination of the movement started from the Vedas, nourished by the Alvars, Nathamuni and Yamuncharya".<ref name="Overzee1992p30"/>

Ramunaja himself credits the theories he presents, in ''Vedarthasamgraha'', to the ideas of ancient Hindu scholars such as "Bodhyana, Tanka (Brahmanandin), Dramida (Dravidacarya), Guhadeva, Kapardin and Bharuci".<ref name="Overzee1992p30">{{cite book|author=Anne Hunt Overzee |title=The Body Divine: The Symbol of the Body in the Works of Teilhard de Chardin and Ramanuja |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HD57M9JNEOgC |year=1992|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-38516-9|pages=30–31 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=R. Balasubramanian |title=Advaita Vedānta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pe3sAAAAIAAJ |year=2000|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |isbn=978-81-87586-04-3 |page=9}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|The texts of most of these scholars is lost to history.}} The 11th-century scholarship of Ramanuja emphasized the concept of ''Sarira-Saririn'', that is the world of matter and the empirical reality of living beings is the "body of [[Brahman]]",{{Refn|group=note|Brahman is the Vedic concept of metaphysical unchanging reality.<ref>{{cite book|author=Jeaneane D. Fowler |title=Perspectives of Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Hinduism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NRlB4v85S1EC |year=2002|publisher=Sussex Academic Press |isbn=978-1-898723-94-3 |page=49 }}</ref>}} everything observed is God, one lives in this body of God, and the purpose of this body and all of creation is to empower soul in its journey to liberating salvation.<ref>{{cite book|author=Anne Hunt Overzee |title=The Body Divine: The Symbol of the Body in the Works of Teilhard de Chardin and Ramanuja |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HD57M9JNEOgC |year=1992|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-38516-9|pages=63–85 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Julius Lipner |title=The Face of Truth: A Study of Meaning and Metaphysics in the Vedantic Theology of Ramanuja |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HjR2xuu4L8EC |year=1986|publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn= 978-0-88706-038-0|pages=37–48 }}</ref>

===Post Ramanuja period authors===
{{Main|Pillai Lokacharya|Manavala Mamunigal|Vedanta Desika}}

After [[Ramanuja]] several authors composed important theological and exegetical works on Sri Vaishnavism. Such authors include [[Parsara Bhattar]], Nadadoor Ammal, Sudarshan Suri, [[Pillai Lokacharya]], [[Vedanta Desika]], [[Manavala Mamunigal]], Periyavachan Pillai and Rangaramanuja Muni.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ayyangar |first1=C. R. Sreenivasa |title=The Life and Teachings of Sri Ramanujacharya |date=1908 |publisher=R. Venkateshwar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zn4szeEn23IC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Seshadri |first1=K. |title=Srivaishnavism and Social Change |date=1998 |publisher=K.P. Bagchi & Company |isbn=978-81-7074-198-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1I7XAAAAMAAJ&q=Sudarshan+Suri |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Paniker |first1=K. Ayyappa |title=Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections |date=1997 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-260-0365-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&dq=periyavachan+pillai&pg=PA518 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rajagopalachariar |first1=T. |title=The Vaishnavite Reformers of India: Critical Sketches of Their Lives and Writings |date=1982 |publisher=A.D. Publications |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fIfXAAAAMAAJ&q=Rangaramanuja+Muni |language=en}}</ref>

==Organisation==
The Sri Vaishnavism tradition has nurtured an institutional organization of ''[[matha]]s'' (monasteries) since its earliest days, particularly from the time of Ramanuja. After the death of Yamunacharya, Ramanuja was nominated as the leader of the Srirangam matha, though Yamunacharya and Ramanuja never met.<ref name="Sydnor2012p20"/> Amongst other things, Ramanuja is remembered in the Sri Vaishnavism tradition for his organizational skills and the lasting institutional reforms he introduced at Srirangam, a system paralleling those at Advaita monasteries of his time and where he studied before joining Srirangam matha. Ramanuja travelled and founded many Sri Vaishnavism ''mathas'' across India, such as the one in [[Melukote]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Jerry L. Walls |title=The Oxford Handbook of Eschatology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N1XYXMTe1jYC |year=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-974248-6 |pages=182–183 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Brian A. Hatcher |title=Hinduism in the Modern World |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IdeoCgAAQBAJ |year=2015|publisher= Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-04631-6|page=27 }}</ref> The Sri Vaishnavism tradition believes that Ramanuja started 700 mathas, but historical evidence suggests several of these were started later.{{Sfn|Dalal|2010|p=385}}

{{multiple image
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| image1 = Parakala Mutt - as it stands today.jpg
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| image2 = (24) Vellai Gopuram of Hindu temple Sri Ranganathaswamy Srirangam Thiruvarangam Tiruchirapalli India 2014.jpg
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| footer = Left: The Parakala monastery of Sri Vaishnavism Right: A Srirangam temple tower constructed by Ahobila Mutt monastery.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/religion/rajagopuram-pride-of-srirangam/article2774764.ece|title = Rajagopuram — pride of Srirangam|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 5 January 2012|last1 = Renganathan|first1 = L.}}</ref>
}}
The ''matha'', or a monastery, hosted numerous students and teachers, and maintained an institutionalized structure to sustain daily operations. A ''matha'' in Vaishnvaism and other Hindu traditions, like a college, designates teaching, administrative and community interaction functions, with prefix or suffix to names, with titles such as ''Guru'', ''Acharya'', ''Swami,'' and ''Jiyar''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Vasudeva Rao |title=Living Traditions in Contemporary Contexts: The Madhva Matha of Udupi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-utNEpTZWUkC |year=2002|publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-2297-8 |pages=33–45 }}</ref>

A ''Guru'' is someone who is a "teacher, guide or master" of certain knowledge.<ref>Stefan Pertz (2013), The Guru in Me - Critical Perspectives on Management, GRIN Verlag, {{ISBN|978-3638749251}}, pages 2-3</ref> Traditionally a reverential figure to the student in Hinduism, the ''guru'' serves as a "counselor, who helps mold values, shares experiential knowledge as much as literal knowledge, an exemplar in life, an inspirational source and who helps in the spiritual evolution of a student."<ref name=joelmlecko>Joel Mlecko (1982), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3269931 The Guru in Hindu Tradition] Numen, Volume 29, Fasc. 1, pages 33-61</ref>

An ''Acharya'' refers to either a Guru of high rank, or more often to the leader of a regional monastery.<ref name=jlongp24>{{cite book|author=Jeffery D. Long |title=Historical Dictionary of Hinduism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZkkFCwAAQBAJ |year=2011|publisher=Scarecrow |isbn=978-0-8108-7960-7 |page=24}}</ref><ref name="Narayanan2009p50">{{cite book|author=Vasudha Narayanan |title=Hinduism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E0Mm6S1XFYAC |year=2009|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group |isbn=978-1-4358-5620-2 |pages=50–51 }}</ref> This position typically involves a ceremonial initiation called ''diksha'' by the monastery, where the earlier leader anoints the successor as ''Acharya''.<ref name=jlongp24/><ref name=tamarasearswg>{{cite book|author=Tamara I. Sears |title=Worldly Gurus and Spiritual Kings: Architecture and Asceticism in Medieval India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V0mPAwAAQBAJ |year=2014|publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-19844-7 |pages=68–70, 121–122, 159–160 }}</ref> A ''Swami'' is usually those who interact with community on the behalf of the ''matha''. The chief and most revered of all Vaishnava monasteries, are titled as ''Jeer'', ''Jiyar'', ''Jeeyar'', or ''Ciyar''.{{Sfn|Dalal|2010|p=385}}

Over time, Sri Vaishnavism mathas divided into two traditions: the Tenkalai (southern) tradition and Vadakalai (northern) tradition of Sri Vaishnavism.<ref name=sphopkins71>{{cite book|author=Steven Paul Hopkins |title=Singing the Body of God |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N6teBA7bmFwC |year=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-802930-4 |pages=71–74 }}</ref> The Tenkalai-associated mathas are headquartered at Srirangam, while Vadakalai mathas are associated with Kanchipuram. From 10th-century onwards, these mathas served various philanthropic functions, including feeding the poor and devotees who visit, hosting marriages and community festivals, farming temple lands and flower gardens as a source for food and worship ingredients, maintaining rest houses for pilgrims.<ref name=kvraman138>{{cite book|author=K.V. Raman|title=Sri Varadarajaswami Temple, Kanchi: A Study of Its History, Art and Architecture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=myK8ZYEIu4YC |year=2003|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-026-6 |pages=137–138 }}</ref> In the 15th-century, these monasteries expanded by establishing ''Ramanuja-kuta'' in major South Indian Sri Vaishnavism locations.<ref name=kvraman138/> The organizationally important Sri Vaishnavism ''matha'' are:
* Tenkalai tradition
** Sriranganarayana Jiyar Matha at Srirangam, Tamil Nadu<ref name=sphopkins71/><ref name=":ranjeetadutta">{{cite journal |last=Dutta |first=Ranjeeta |title=Reading Community Identities and Traditions: The History and Representation of the Shrivaishnavas of South India |journal=Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences |volume=18 |issue=1–2 |pages=141–68 |date=2015 |s2cid=161734042 | url=http://14.139.58.200/ojs/index.php/shss/article/view/452}}</ref>
** [[Vanamamalai Perumal temple|Vanamamalai Jiyar Matha]] at Nanguneri, Tamil Nadu{{Sfn|Dalal|2010|p=385}}<ref name=":ranjeetadutta"/>
** Perarulala Yatiraja Ramanuja Jiyar Matha at Thirukkurungudi, Tamil Nadu{{Sfn|Dalal|2010|p=385}}<ref name=":ranjeetadutta"/>
** Yatiraja Matha at Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu<ref name=":ranjeetadutta"/>
** Udaiyavar Koil Jiyar Matha at Alvar Tirunagari, Tamil Nadu<ref name=":ranjeetadutta"/>
** Emperumanar Jiyar Matha at Tirukkovalur, Tamil Nadu<ref name=":ranjeetadutta"/>
** [[Sri Andal Jeeyar Mutt Srivilliputtur|Andal Jeeyar Mutt]] at Srivilliputtur, Tamil Nadu
** [[Yadugiri Yathiraja Mutt]] at Melkote, Karnataka<ref name=":ranjeetadutta"/>
** Periya and Cinna Jiyar Matha at Tirupati and Tirumala, Andhra Pradesh<ref name=":ranjeetadutta"/>
* Vadakalai tradition
** [[Parakala Matha|Brahmatantra Parakala Matha]] at Mysore, Karnataka{{Sfn|Dalal|2010|p=385}}<ref name=":ranjeetadutta"/>
** [[Ahobila Matha|Ahobila Jiyar Matha]] at Ahobila, Andhra Pradesh{{Sfn|Dalal|2010|p=385}}<ref name=":ranjeetadutta"/>
** [[Srirangam Srimad Andavan Ashramam|Andavan Ashramam]] at Srirangam, Tamil Nadu<ref name=":ranjeetadutta"/>

{{anchor|Thenkalai|Vadakalai}}
==Vadakalai and Tenkalai denominations==
The Sri Vaishnava tradition is classified into two major denominations called the ''Vadakalai'' ("northern art") and ''Tenkalai'' ("southern art").{{sfn|Flood|1996|p=137}}{{sfn|Gough|1965|p=25}} The northern and southern denominations of Sri Vaishnavism refer respectively to [[Kanchipuram]] (the northern part of Tamil country) and [[Srirangam]] (the southern part of Tamil country and [[Kaveri]] river delta area where [[Ramanuja]] wrote his [[Vedanta]] treatises from).{{Sfn|Mumme|1987|p=257}}{{Sfn|Bryant|2007|pp=286-287}}<ref>{{cite book|author=Geoffrey Oddie |title=Hindu and Christian in South-East India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rkhdAgAAQBAJ |year=2013|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-77377-8|pages=94 footnote 7|quote= '''Quote:''' In this context, 'north' refers to the northern region of the [[Tamils|Tamil]] [[country]] with its capital at Kanchipuram (a historical seat of Sanskrit learning) and 'south' refers to the [[Kaveri]] delta with its capital at Srirangam - one of the sacred bastions of Tamil culture."}}</ref> These denominations arose as a result of philosophical and theological divergences in the post-Ramanuja period.

The ''Vadakalai'' placed emphasis on the [[Vedas]] in its system of worship, while the ''Tenkalai'' highlighted the [[Naalayira Divya Prabandham]] of the [[Alvars]].{{sfn|Flood|1996|p=137}}{{Sfn|Mumme|1987|pp=257-265}} Both generally follow the principles of the [[Pancharatra]] Agamas for their domestic rituals (like pancha-samskara initiation) and temple worship, but the specific Agama ([[Pancharatra]] or [[Vaikhanasa]]) followed can vary by temple.<ref>{{Cite journal
|last=Koul
|first=Sanjay
|date=11 August 2024
|title=Sacred Texts and Spiritual Pathways: A Comprehensive Analysis of Shaiva, Vaishnava, and Shakta Agamas in Hindu Tradition
|url=https://ssrn.com/abstract=5165893
|publisher=Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
|journal=SSRN
|id=5165893
|access-date=8 November 2025
}}</ref>

The philosophies of Pillai Lokacharya and Vedanta Desika, which evolved consequently, were stabilized by Manavala Mamunigal and Brahmatantra Svatantra Jiyar respectively. When the schism weakened, Vadakalai tradition split into Munitreyam, [[Ahobila Matha]], and [[Parakala matha]]. Similarly, Tenkalai tradition split into Kandadais, [[Andhra Vaishnavas|Telugu Sri Vaishnavas]], Soliyar, and Sikkiliyar.<ref name=":ranjeetadutta"/>

From the ancient period, the Sri Vaishnavism movement flourished in [[Tamilakam]] owing to its social inclusiveness, where devotion to the supreme deity (Vishnu) was open without limitation to gender or caste, a tradition led by [[Alvars]] in the 7th and the 8th centuries.<ref name="Bartley2013p1">{{cite book|author=C. J. Bartley |title=The Theology of Ramanuja: Realism and Religion |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9SpTAQAAQBAJ |date= 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-85306-7 |pages=1–4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=P. T. Narasimhachar |title=The Hill Temple |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Gvz5ym1hEwC |year=2001|publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-260-0814-8|pages=xviii }}</ref> Ramanuja philosophy negated caste, states Ramaswamy.<ref>{{Citation | last =Ramaswamy | first =Vijaya | title =Textiles and weavers in medieval South India | publisher =Oxford University Press | page =61 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=wYjtAAAAMAAJ&q=tengalai | access-date =17 April 2016| year =1985 | isbn =978-0-19-561705-4 }}</ref> Ramanuja, who led from the Srirangam temple, welcomed outcastes into temples and gave them important roles in temple duties. Medieval temple records and inscriptions suggest that the payments and offerings collected by the temple were shared regardless of caste distinctions.<ref name=kvramanp132/>

Scholars offer differing views on the relative approach of the two denominations on caste and gender. Raman states that Tenkalai did not recognise caste barriers and were more liberal in assimilating people from all castes, possibly because this had been the tradition at Srirangam from the earliest days of Sri Vaishnavism.<ref name=kvramanp132/> In contrast, Sadarangani states that it was Vadakalai who were more liberal and who did not recognise caste barriers, possibly because they were competing with the egalitarian Virashaiva Hindus (Lingayatism) of Karnataka.<ref name=neetisadarangani19>{{cite book|author=Neeti M. Sadarangani |title=Bhakti Poetry in Medieval India: Its Inception, Cultural Encounter and Impact |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WVQrKJbJ2JIC |year=2004|publisher=Sarup & Sons |isbn=978-81-7625-436-6|pages=19–20 }}</ref> Both sects believe in initiation through [[Samasrayana|Pancha Samskara]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|author=Roshen Dalal|publisher=Penguin Books India, 2010|page=385}}</ref> This ceremony or rite of passage is necessary for one to become a Vaishnava. It is performed by both Brahmins and non-Brahmins in order to become Vaishnavas.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JBV1T4hMzJcC&q=panchasamskara&pg=PA91|title=Words and Deeds: Hindu and Buddhist Rituals in South Asia|first1=Jörg |last1=Gengnagel |first2=Ute |last2=Hüsken |first3=Srilata |last3=Raman |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2005|page=91|isbn=9783447051521|year=2005}}</ref> Some non-Brahmin Vaishnavas include Telugu [[Naidu]], Tamil [[Vanniyar]] and [[Namadhari]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Young |first1=Katherine |title=Turbulent Transformations: Non-Brahmin Śrīvaiṣṇavas on Religion, Caste and Politics in Tamil Nadu |date=2021 |publisher=Orient BlackSwan |isbn=978-81-949258-8-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JgVGzgEACAAJ |language=en}}</ref> Only those Vaishnavas who are of brahmin caste call themselves as Sri Vaishnavas.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jagadeesan |first1=N. |title=History of Sri Vaishnavism in the Tamil Country: Post-Ramanuja |date=1977 |publisher=Koodal Publishers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1AoaAAAAMAAJ&q=sri+vaishnava |language=en | quote="Tirukkachchi Nambi and Pillai Uranga Villi Dasar, great names in Sri Vaishnava tradition, cannot be called Sri Vaishnavas because they were not Brahmins."}}</ref>

Both Vadakalai and Tenkalai Brahmins perform the same Vedic saṃskāras (upanayanam, yajñopavīta, śrāddha, etc.). Neither has ever abandoned the Sanskrit [[Vedas]] or the [[Divya Prabandham]]. The difference lies in how much Sanskrit recitation and commentary is foregrounded in daily life and temple ritual, not in adherence to Vedic authority itself.<ref>{{cite web |title=Divya Prabandham |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/concept/divya-prabandham |website=Wisdom Library |date=24 September 2024 |access-date=2025-11-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tiruvāymoḻi: English Translation |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/tiruvaymoli-english/d/doc1209467.html |website=Wisdom Library |date=15 September 2023 |access-date=2025-11-06}}</ref>

In worship, the Vadakalai school foregrounds Sanskrit study and Dharmaśāstra observance, while the Tenkalai school foregrounds the Tamil [[Divya Prabandham]], as an equally sacred expression of Vedic revelation. Both traditions are fully rooted in Vedic and Smṛti foundations.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sudarshan |first=M.K. |title=A Tale of Two Cities: The Decline and Fall of the "Ubaya-Vedantins" – An Outline of the History of Sri Vaishnavas of Tamil Nadu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QMcpEQAAQBAJ |year=2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Achari |first=U.V.S.R.R. |title=The Handbook of Śrīvaiṣṇavism |url=https://www.srimatham.com/uploads/5/5/4/9/5549439/srivaishnava_handbook.pdf |access-date=2025-11-06}}</ref>

The Tenkalai tradition brought into their fold artisanal castes into community-based devotional movements. Raman states, "it can almost be said that the Tenkalai represented the anti-caste tendencies while the Vadakalai school championed the cause of purity of the Vedic tenets."<ref name=kvramanp132>{{Citation | last =K.V. | first =Raman | year =2003 | title =Sri Varadarajaswami Temple, Kanchi: A Study of Its History, Art and Architecture| publisher =Abhinav Publications | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=myK8ZYEIu4YC&pg=PA132 | access-date =16 April 2016| pages=132–133| isbn =9788170170266 }}</ref> The Tenkalai held, adds Raman, that anyone can be a spiritual teacher regardless of caste.<ref name=kvramanp132/>

The Vadakalai tradition states Sadarangani in contrast to Raman's views, were the liberal cousin of Tenkalai and therefore more successful in gaining devotees, while in southern Tamil lands Shaivism prospered possibly because of "Tenkalai school of Vaishnavism being narrow and orthodox in approach".<ref name=neetisadarangani19/> The Vadakalai school not only succeeded in northern Tamil lands, she adds, but spread widely as it inspired the [[Bhakti movement]] in north, west and east India, bringing in Bhakti poet saints from "entire cross-section of class, caste and society".<ref name=neetisadarangani19/>

===Tenkalai ("southern art") - Manavala Mamunigal===
The [[Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam]] belongs to the Tenkalai/Thennacharya tradition and is considered as the foremost site of the Sri Vaishnava tradition. All the functionaries and priests are the descendants of the 74 disciples appointed by Ramanuja and belong to the Tenkalai line without any exceptions.<ref>{{cite book|title=Sri Ramanuja|author=Madabhushini Narasimhacharya|publisher=Sahitya Akademi, 2004|page=27}}</ref> In [[Sanskrit]], the Tenkalai tradition is referred to as '''Dakshina Kalārya'''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tenkalai |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tenkalai |website=Encyclopaedia Britannica |access-date=2025-11-06}}</ref>
====Characteristics====
The Tenkalai place higher importance to [[Tamil language|Tamil]] slokas than Sanskrit, and lay more emphasis on the worship of [[Vishnu]]. The Tenkalai accept [[Saranagati|prapatti]] as the only means to attain salvation.{{sfn|Coward|2008|p=141}} They consider Prapatti as an unconditional surrender.<ref name="manninezhath1" /> The Thenkalais assert primacy to worship through the [[Naalayira Divya Prabhandham|Prabandham]],<ref name="VijayNagar" />{{sfn| Srinivasan| Mukherjee|1976}} while holding the Vedas in equal esteem. They regard [[kaivalya]] (detachment, isolation) as an eternal position within the realm of [[Vaikuntha]] (Vishnu's 'eternal abode' or heaven), though it only exists at the outer most regions of Vaikuntha. They further say that God's seemingly contradictory nature as both minuscule and immense are examples of God's special powers that enable Him to accomplish the impossible.[[File:Thenkalai Sri Vaishnava urdhva pundram.jpg|thumb|Tenkalai Sri Vaishnava Urdhva Pundram]]

According to the Tenkalai tradition, spiritually exalted individuals are not obligated to perform rituals such as [[Sandhyavandanam]], as their liberation is already assured. However, they still observe these duties to set a moral example for others, while all other [[Brahmins]] are required to perform them. They don't allow the ringing of bells during worship. The Tenkalai forbid widows to shave (tonsure) their head, quoting the Parashara Smriti.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=DBBDAAAAYAAJ&q=tengalai+parashara Pg.66 The Indian historical review, Volume 17; Indian Council of Historical Research, Vikas Pub. House]</ref> while Vadakalais support the tonsure quoting the Manusmriti.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=DBBDAAAAYAAJ&q=vadagalai+tonsure Pg.65 The Indian historical review, Volume 17; Indian Council of Historical Research, Vikas Pub. House]</ref>

The Tenkalai frontal mark is a symbolic representation of the two feet of Vishnu. The two outer lines denote the soles of Vishnu's feet and the central line represents a lotus throne supporting the feet. The frontal mark is linked with the southern doctrine, denoting complete dependence upon divine grace, and the central line symbolizes Lakshmi.<ref name="Monier Williams" />

====Demographics====
[[File:Sri Kanchi Prativadibhayankar Jagadguru Anantacharya Gaddi Swamiji.jpg|thumb|Sri Kanchi Prativadibhayankar Jagadguru Anantacharya Gaddi Swamiji, the spiritual preceptor of Tridandi Swami Vishwaksenacharyaji]]

The Tenkalai trace their lineage to [[Mudaliyandan]], nephew of Ramanuja<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mudaliandan.com/|title=Swami Mudaliandan Thirumaligai|website=www.mudaliandan.com|access-date=2016-04-14}}</ref> The Tenkalai are followers of the philosophy of [[Pillai Lokacharya]], [[Ramanuja]], and [[Manavala Mamuni]],<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cDXsAAAAIAAJ&q=tenkalai |title=Pg.86 Encyclopaedia of Indian philosophy, Volume 1, by Vraj Kumar Pandey, Anmol Publications |access-date=4 January 2012|last1=Pandey |first1=Vraj Kumar |year=2007 |publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=9788126131129 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CbgBAAAAMAAJ&q=manavala+mamunigal |title=Pg.108 Homage to a Historian:a festschrift – by N. Subrahmanian, Tamilanpan, S.Jeyapragasam, Dr. N. Subrahmanian 60th Birthday Celebration Committee, in association with Koodal Publishers |access-date=4 January 2012|last1=Subrahmanian |first1=N. |last2=Tamil̲An̲Pan̲ |last3=Jeyapragasam |first3=S. |year=1976 }}</ref> who is considered to be the reincarnation of [[Ramanuja]] by the Tenkalai.{{refn|group=note|He is also known by many other names, such as Azhagiya Manavala Mamunigal, Sundhara Jamatara Muni, Ramya Jamatara Muni, Ramya Jamatara Yogi, Varavaramuni, Yathindhra pravanar, Kanthopayantha, Ramanujan ponnadi, Soumya jamathru yogindhrar, Koil Selva manavala mamunigal etc. He also has the titles Periya Jeeyar, Vellai Jeeyar, Visthavak sikhamani, Poi IllAtha Manavala Mamuni.}}

Many of the main preceptors of Sri Vaishnavism and their descendants, before and after [[Ramanuja]], belong to the Tenkalai denomination.

====Notable Tenkalai people====
* [[Srinivasa Ramanujan]] (1887–1920), Indian mathematician.<ref name="AiyangarBerndt2001">{{cite book|author1=Srinivasa Ramanujan Aiyangar|author2=Bruce C. Berndt|author3=Robert Alexander Rankin|title=Ramanujan: Essays and Surveys|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TT1T8A94xNcC&pg=PA89|year=2001|publisher=American Mathematical Soc.|isbn=978-0-8218-2624-9|pages=89–}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|Ramanujan's father belongs to Thenkalai sect while his mother belongs to Vadakalai sect}}
* [[K.S. Krishnan]] (1898–1961), Indian physicist.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=[[Current Science]] |title=K. S. Krishnan and the Kodaikanal Observatory |language=en |access-date=9 July 2023 |volume=79 |number=5 |date=10 Sep 2000 |author=D. C. V. Mallik |url=http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/sep102000/665.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808022800/www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/sep102000/665.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-08 }}</ref>
* [[B. K. S. Iyengar|B.K.S Iyengar]] (1918–2014), Founder of the "Iyengar Yoga" style of Yoga.<ref>{{Citation|last=Ram Godar|title=Guruji B.K.S. Iyengar's 95th Birthday Celebrations|date=2013-12-27|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rf7LxDWgYQQ&nohtml5=False |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211214/Rf7LxDWgYQQ |archive-date=2021-12-14 |url-status=live|access-date=2016-04-09}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* [[Alasinga Perumal]] (1865–1909), Disciple of Swami Vivekananda and one of the founders of Brahmavadin which later became [[Vedanta Kesari]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vivekananda.net/pplheknew/svdisciples/AlasingaPerumal.html|title=People that Swami Vivekanand- Frank Parlato Jr.|last=Parlato|first=Frank Jr.|website=www.vivekananda.net|access-date=2016-04-09|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130411101514/http://www.vivekananda.net/pplheknew/SVDisciples/AlasingaPerumal.html|archive-date=11 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ramakrishnavivekananda.info/vivekananda/volume_7/translation_of_writings/memoirs_of_european_travel_i.htm|title=Memoirs of European travel I|website=www.ramakrishnavivekananda.info|access-date=2016-04-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vsc.iitm.ac.in/Vivekananda/Complete%20works/Complete_Works_of_Swami_Vivekananda_-_Vol_7.pdf|title=Complete_Works_of_Swami_Vivekananda_-_Vol_7}}</ref>
* [[Sujatha (writer)|Sujatha]] (1935–2008), Writer, editor and engineer; key person behind development of the Electronic Voting Machine, for which he was awarded the [[VASVIK Industrial Research Award]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/prolific-tamil-writer-sujatha-passes-away/article1210715.ece|title=Prolific Tamil writer Sujatha passes away|date=2008-02-28|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-04-09}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=December 2022}}
* [[Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar]] (1890–1967), Renowned musician and architect of modern [[Carnatic music]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sruti.com/download/Ariyakudi_Issue_42.pdf|title=Ariyakudi|access-date=14 April 2016|archive-date=22 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422225729/http://www.sruti.com/download/Ariyakudi_Issue_42.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-sundaymagazine/the-first-crossing/article2274840.ece|title=The first crossing|date=2007-01-14|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-04-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carnatica.net/ariyakudi.htm|title=ARIYAKUDI|website=www.carnatica.net|access-date=2016-04-14}}</ref>
*[[J. Jayalalithaa]] (1948-2016), Renowned actress and six times chief minister of Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Why was Iyengar Brahmin J Jayalalithaa buried instead of being cremated |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-rip-amma-why-j-jayalalithaa-was-buried-instead-of-being-cremated-2280369 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>

===Vadakalai ("northern art") - Vedanta Desika===
====Characteristics====
The Vadakalai are followers of [[Ramanuja]] and [[Vedanta Desika]],<ref name="tamilakamp166"/><ref>{{cite book |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=3kQNAQAAMAAJ |page=129 }} |page=129 |title=Sociology of religion, Volume 1 – by Joachim Wach, University of Chicago press, 1944 |date=3 November 1958 |access-date=20 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=3KpjAAAAMAAJ |page=107 }} |page=107 |title=Kabir, the apostle of Hindu-Muslim unity: interaction of Hindu-Muslim ideas in the formation of the bhakti movement with special reference to Kabīr, the bhakta – Muhammad Hedayetullah, Motilal Banarsidass publication, 1977 |access-date=20 November 2011}}</ref> who is the most important acharya of the Vadakalai sampradaya<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/624460/Vedantadesika |title=Britannica Online Encyclopedia |publisher=Britannica.com |access-date=20 November 2011}}</ref> that foregrounds the recitation of Sanskrit Vedas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adityaprakashan.com/index.php?String=31173&p=sr&Field=bookcode&Exactly=yes&Format=detail |title=Astadasabhedanirnaya |publisher=Adityaprakashan.com |access-date=20 November 2011}}</ref> They lay more emphasis on the role of [[Lakshmi]] i.e. Sri, and uphold Sanskrit [[Vedas]] as the ultimate "Pramanam" or authority, although Ubhaya Vedanta{{refn|group=note|The Sanskrit Vedas and the Dravida Veda, the composition of Alwars, which are held in equal esteem}} is used to infer from and establish the doctrine of [[Vishishtadvaita]]. The Vadakalai infer that all of the Alvars compositions are derived from the [[Vedas]], and believe that the latter is the ultimate source to reference and defend the doctrine. The Vadakalai lay emphasis on Vedic norms{{refn|group=note|Also known as anushtaanams}}, while holding the [[Divya Prabandham]] in equal esteem.

The Vadakalai follow the [[Sanskrit]] [[Vedas]],<ref name="VijayNagar">{{cite web|url=http://www.tamilnadu.ind.in/tamilnadu_history/vijaya_nagar/religious_cultural_impacts_under_vijaya_nagar.php |title=Tamil Nadu, Religious Condition under Vijaya Nagar Empire |publisher=Tamilnadu.ind.in |access-date=4 January 2012}}</ref> and the set of rules prescribed by the [[Manusmriti]] and [[Dharmaśāstra|Dharma Shastras]].<ref name="Ray1993">{{cite book|author=Nisith Ranjan Ray|title=Dimensions of National Integration: The Experiences and Lessons of Indian History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iToWAAAAIAAJ|year=1993|publisher=Punthi-Pustak & Institute of Historical Studies|isbn=978-81-85094-62-5|page=150}}</ref><ref name="historicalreview">{{cite book|title=The Indian Historical Review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DBBDAAAAYAAJ|volume=17|year=1990|publisher=Vikas Publishing House.|page=65}}</ref> In Sanskrit the Vadakalai are referred to as '''Uttara Kalārya'''.<ref name="Britannica">{{cite book|url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=DPP7O3nb3g0C |page=205 }} |title=Students' Britannica India |page=205 |access-date=20 November 2011}}</ref>

Traditionally, the Vadakalai believe in practising [[Karma yoga]], [[Jnana yoga]] and [[Bhakti yoga]], along with [[Prapatti]], as means to attain salvation.<ref name="Dharma1996">{{cite book|author=Dharma|title=Philosophy of Nārāyaṇīyam: Study, Text & Śloka Index|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2PdjAAAAMAAJ|date=1 February 1996|publisher=Nag Publishers|isbn=978-81-7081-337-8|page=199}}</ref><ref name="munitrayam.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.munitrayam.org/andavanashram/SrtsFrame.htm |title=''Srimad Rahasya Traya Sara'' by Shri Vedanta Desika – under the subtopic ''Upaya Vibhaga Adhikara'' |publisher=munitrayam.org |access-date=4 January 2012 |archive-date=16 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316053332/http://www.munitrayam.org/andavanashram/SrtsFrame.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Also, they consider Prapatti as an act of winning grace.<ref name="manninezhath1">{{cite book|author=Thomas Manninezhath|title=Harmony of Religions: Vedānta Siddhānta Samarasam of Tāyumānavar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uE4-veDrY7AC&pg=PA35|year=1993|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-1001-3|pages=35–}}</ref>[[File:Vadagalai thiruman kappu 1.jpg|thumb|Vadagalai Sri Vaishnava Urdhva Pundram]]

The [[tilaka]] ([[Urdhva Pundra|urdhva pundra]]) mark of the Vadakalai men is a symbolic representation of [[Vishnu|Vishnu's]] right foot. Since Vishnu's right foot is believed to be the origin of the river [[Ganges|Ganga]], the Vadakalai contend that his right foot should be held in special veneration, and its sign impressed on the forehead. They also apply a central mark (sricharanam) to symbolise the goddess [[Lakshmi]] (Vishnu's wife), along with the tiruman (urdhva pundra).<ref name="Monier Williams">{{cite book|url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=xc8_tZqDPy4C |page=194 }} |page=193 |title=Modern India and the Indians, by M.Monier Williams |date=26 July 2001 |access-date=20 November 2011}}</ref> The Urdhva Pundra that is vertical and faces upwards denotes that it helps one in reaching [[Vaikunta|Vaikuntha]] (the spiritual abode of Vishnu), and is also considered to be a warder of evil. Vadakalai women apply a red central mark along with namam only, symbolising Lakshmi seated on a lotus on their foreheads.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}

====Guru Parampara====
[[File:Sri Balmukundacharyaji Maharaj.jpg|thumb|Sri Balmukundacharyaji Maharaj of Jhalariya Mutt, Didwana, Rajasthan]]

The [[Vadakalai]] sect traces its lineage back to Thirukurahi Piran Pillan, Kidambi Acchan and other direct disciples of Ramanuja, and considers [[Vedanta Desika]] to be the greatest Acharya of the post [[Ramanuja]] era.<ref name="tamilakamp166">{{cite book|title=History of Tamilakam. Darkness at horizon|page=166|publisher=Shri Bhagavan Vedavyasa Itihasa Samshodhana Mandira|year=1966|author=T. V. Kuppuswamy (Prof.), Shripad Dattatraya Kulkarni}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3kQNAQAAMAAJ&q=vadakalai |title=Pg.129 Sociology of religion, Volume 1 – by Joachim Wach, University of Chicago press, 1944 |date=11 June 1991 |access-date=4 January 2012|last1=Wach |first1=Joachim |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=9780226867083 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3KpjAAAAMAAJ&q=tendency+vadakalai |title=Pg.107 Kabir, the apostle of Hindu-Muslim unity: interaction of Hindu-Muslim ideas in the formation of the bhakti movement with special reference to Kabīr, the bhakta – Muhammad Hedayetullah, Motilal Banarsidass publication, 1977 |access-date=4 January 2012|last1=Hedayetullah |first1=Muhammad |year=1977 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=9788120806115 }}</ref>

The Vadakalai community consists of the following groups, based on the sampradaya followed:
* [[Pancharatra]] – Followers of Srimad Azhagiya Singar (Srinivasacharya) of Ahobila Mutt.<ref>{{cite book |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=AFbkAAAAMAAJ }} |title=Tirupati Balaji was a Buddhist shrine, Sanjivan Publications, 1991 |access-date=20 November 2011}}</ref><ref name="Calendar">{{cite web |url=http://www.trsiyengar.com/id36.shtml |title=Vadakalai Srivaishnava Festivals' Calendar – The source mentions Pancharatra & Munitraya Krishna Jayantis celebrated by Ahobila Mutt & Andavan Ashrams respectively |publisher=Trsiyengar.com |access-date=20 November 2011 |archive-date=3 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003154411/http://www.trsiyengar.com/id36.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://sribalajimandirpune.com/utsavam.htm |title=Ahobila Mutt's Balaji Mandir Pune, Calendar – The calendar mentions Ahobila Mutt disciples celebrating Krishna Jayanti as "Pancharatra Sri Jayanti" |publisher=Sribalajimandirpune.com |access-date=20 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009094730/http://sribalajimandirpune.com/utsavam.htm |archive-date=9 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="Srivaishnava Practices">{{cite web |url=http://www.trsiyengar.com/id121.shtml |title=Sri Krishna & Janmashtami – Essence of Srivaishnava Practices |publisher=Trsiyengar.com |access-date=20 November 2011 |archive-date=3 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003154405/http://www.trsiyengar.com/id121.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> The majority of Vadakalais belongs to this group.<ref name="Ahobila">{{cite book|url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=I50tAAAAMAAJ |page=100 }} |page=1000 |title=The Cultural Heritage of India: Sri Ramakrishna centenary memorial, published by – Sri Ramakrishna centenary committee |date=16 July 2009 |access-date=20 November 2011}}</ref> His disciples established Mutts at different places in North India, including [[Varanasi]], [[Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh|Chitrakoot]] and [[Pushkar]].
* [[Munitraya Sampradayam|Munitraya]] – Followers of Srimad Andavan of Andavan Ashramams,<ref>{{cite book|url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=TY7XAAAAMAAJ |page=31 }} |title=Rāmānuja sampradāya in Gujarat:a historical perspective |page=31 |publisher=Somaiya Publications |access-date=20 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=1I7XAAAAMAAJ |page=82 }} |title=Srivaishnavism and social change – by K.seshadri, K.P.Bagchi & co publishers |page=82 |access-date=20 November 2011}}</ref> and Swayamacharyas.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Cultural Heritage of India:The Religious|page=182|publisher=Ramakrishna Mission, Institute of Culture|year=1956}}</ref> The [[Srirangam Srimad Andavan Ashramam]], Poundarikapuram Andavan Ashramam, and most of the present-day Vadagalai 'svayam-acharya purusha' families are directly connected to this acharya parampara, and follow the worship and ritual patterns outlined by]Gopalarya Mahadesikan.
:* Periya Andavan Srinivasa Mahadesikan;
* [[Parakala Mutt|Parakala]] – They are mostly followers Brahmatantra Swatantra Jeeyar of Parakala Mutt, [[Mysore]]. Founded in 1399 by Brahmatantra Parakala Jeeyar, the peetadhipathis of this mutt are the preceptors of the royal family of [[Mysore Kingdom]], Wadiyars. This has stayed as a royal mutt of the kings since then, and is a mutt for all Iyengars under this category.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parakalamatham.org/Sri-Matham/History|title=Sri Parakala Matham > Sri Matham > History}}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable ([[WP:NOTRS]]).|date=December 2022}}

====Demographics====
Traditionally, places of high importance with significant Vadakalai populations included [[Kanchipuram]], [[Kumbakonam]], [[Tiruvallur]], [[Mysore]] and [[Kurnool district]].<ref name="Britannica"/><ref>{{cite book|url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=0eu1AAAAIAAJ |page=14 }} |title=Studies in history, Volume 1, Issue 1; Jawaharlal Nehru University. Centre for Historical Studies |year=1979 |page=14 |publisher=Sage |access-date=20 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=_RG2x2xDQ5UC |page=561 }} |page=561 |title=Gazetteer of South India, Volume 2 – By W. Francis, Mittal Publications |access-date=20 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=oFUg4PHzrAUC |page=33 }} |page=33 |title=Indian philosophy & culture, Volumes 3–4; Vrindāvan (India) Institute of Oriental Philosophy, Vaishnava Research Institute, Vrindāban, India |date=1 January 1984 |access-date=20 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=CVzkAAAAMAAJ |page=240 }} |page=240 |title=Ontological and morphological concepts of Lord Sri Chaitanya and his mission, Volume 1; Bhakti Vilās Tīrtha Goswāmi Maharāj, Navadwīpa Dhām Prachārini Sabha; Pub' – Sree Gaudiya Math, 1994 |date=2 October 2009 |access-date=20 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=9ystAAAAIAAJ |page=129 }} |page=129 |title=Studies in social history: modern India; O. P. Bhatnagar, India. University Grants Commission, University of Allahabad. Dept. of Modern Indian History; St. Paul's Press Training School, 1964 |date=1 January 2006 |access-date=20 November 2011}}</ref> However, today much of the people have moved to the big cities.

In [[Vrindavan]], the Jankivallabh Mandir of Keshighat is a prominent Vadakalai Sri Vaishnava monastic institution and is associated with the spiritual lineage of the Ahobila Mutt. The present Azhagiya Singar has visited this well known institution in the past as well as recently. It is presently headed by Swami Sri Aniruddhacharyaji Maharaj.

In [[Rajasthan]] the Jhalariya Mutt is one of the most prominent Mutts and its branches have spread over to the neighbouring regions of [[Gujarat]] and [[Maharashtra]]. Sri Swami Balmukundacharyaji was a distinguished scholar and renowned Acharya of this Mutt.

==== Notable Vadakalai people ====
* [[Gopala Bhatta Goswami]] (1503–1578), born a Vadakalai Iyengar, one of the [[Six Goswamis of Vrindavan]] in [[Chaitanya Vaishnavism]], and a highly revered Guru in [[ISKCON]].<ref name="Prabhupadanugas">{{cite web|url=http://www.prabhupadanugas.eu/?p=17168 |title=The Life of Srila Gopala Bhatta Goswami; His Vadakalai origin is mentioned in the article, where Vadakalai is spelled as "Badagalai"(Some in Northern India often substitute the alphabet V with B) |publisher=Prabhupadanugas.eu |date=22 January 2011 |access-date=20 November 2011}}</ref>
* [[Chakravarti Rajagopalachari]] (1878–1972), Indian politician and activist of the [[Indian independence movement]]. [[List of Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu#Madras Presidency|Premier of Madras]] (1937–1939), [[List of Governors of Bengal|Governor of Bengal]] (1946–1948), [[List of Governors-General of India#Governors-General of the Union of India, 1947–1950|Governor-General of India]] (1948–1950), [[Minister for Home Affairs (India)|Union Home Minister]] (1950–1952) and [[List of Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu#Madras State|Chief Minister of Madras state]] (1952–1954). Founder of [[Swatantra party]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timescontent.com/tss/photos/preview/127445/C%20Rajagopalachari.jpg |title=TimesContent – Photo of Rajagopalachari – He wears the Vadakalai Tilak on his forehead |access-date=20 November 2011}}</ref>
* [[C. V. Rungacharlu]] (1831–1883), [[List of Diwans of Mysore|Diwan of Mysore kingdom]] from 1881 to 1883.<ref name="bhattacharyap78">{{cite book|title=Hindu Castes and Sects: An Exposition on the Origins of Hindu caste system|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.217364|year=1896|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.217364/page/n100 78]|publisher=Thacker, Spink & Co.|author=Jogendra Nath Bhattacharya}}</ref>
* [[T. S. S. Rajan]] (1880–1953), Indian politician and freedom-fighter. Member of the [[Imperial Legislative Council (India)|Imperial Legislative Council]] (1934–1936), Minister of Public Health and Religious Endowments (Madras Presidency) (1937–1939), Minister of Food and Public Health (Madras Presidency) (1946–1951).<ref>{{cite book|title=Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru|page=440|author=Jawaharlal Memorial Fund|publisher=Orient Longman|year=1972}}</ref>
* [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya]] (1888–1989), an influential [[Asana|Yoga]] teacher, healer and scholar.
* [[Agnihotram Ramanuja Tatachariar]] (1907–2008), renowned vedic scholar, and recipient of two national awards for his contribution to Vedic studies and Sanskrit literature.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/03/30/stories/2007033000030300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012145053/http://hindu.com/fr/2007/03/30/stories/2007033000030300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 October 2007 |title=A Vedic scholar enters his 100th year |location=India |date=30 March 2007 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=20 November 2011}}</ref>
*[[Krishnamachari Srikkanth]] (b. 1959), [[India national cricket team|Indian Cricket Player]]
* [[R. Madhavan]] (b. 1970), [[Cinema of India|Indian film]] actor<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mag.reelshowint.com/2010/06/15/madhavan-the-handsome-guy-next-door/ |title=ReelshowInt MAG |publisher=Mag.reelshowint.com |date=15 June 2010 |access-date=20 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328130036/http://mag.reelshowint.com/2010/06/15/madhavan-the-handsome-guy-next-door/ |archive-date=28 March 2012}}</ref>

== Temples following Srivaishnava Sampradaya ==
* [[Divya Desam]]s
* [[Abhimana Kshethram]]s
* [[Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam]]
* [[Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala]]
* [[Srivilliputhur Andal temple|Andal Temple, Srivilliputtur]]
* [[Narasimhaswamy Temple, Namakkal|Namagiri Thayar Sametha Narasimhaswamy perumal temple, Namakkal]]
* [[Sita Ramachandraswamy temple, Bhadrachalam]]
* [[Cheluvanarayana Swamy Temple]]
* [[Chakrapani Temple, Kumbakonam]]
* [[Sarangapani temple, Kumbakonam]]
* [[Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangapatna]]
* [[Ulagalantha Perumal Temple, Kanchipuram]]
* [[Parthasarathy Temple, Triplicane]]
* [[Bhu Varaha Swamy temple]]
* [[Varadharaja Perumal Temple, Kanchipuram]]
* [[Ashtabujakaram]]
* [[Adikesava Perumal Temple, Kanyakumari]]
* [[Pandava Thoothar Perumal Temple]]
* [[Rajagopalaswamy Temple, Mannargudi]]
* [[Ulagalantha Perumal Temple, Tirukoyilur]]
* [[Mudikondan Kothandaramar Temple]]
* [[Thirupullabhoothangudi Temple]]
* [[Kola Valvill Ramar Temple, Tiruvelliyangudi]]
* [[Vijayaraghava Perumal temple]]
* [[Ramaswamy Temple, Kumbakonam]]
* [[Yadadri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy Temple ]]
* [[Sri Lakshmi Narayana Temple, Sainikpuri, Secunderabad]]
* [[Ranganathaswamy Temple, Jiyaguda]]

== See also ==
* [[Satani (caste)|Satani]]
* [[Divya Desam]]
* [[Kalya (Kalyana pura)|Srivaishnava-Jaina conflict resolution inscription, Kalya]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note|2}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Sources ==
{{refbegin}}

* {{Citation | last =Bryant | first =Edwin Francis | year =2007 | title =Krishna: A Sourcebook | publisher =Oxford University Press| isbn =978-0-19-803400-1}}
* {{cite book|author= John Carman|title=The Theology of Rāmānuja: An Essay in Interreligious Understanding |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Qb4nQEACAAJ |year=1974|publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-01521-8}}
* {{cite book|author1=John Carman |author2=Vasudha Narayanan |title=The Tamil Veda: Pillan's Interpretation of the Tiruvaymoli |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aP5PA2OyJbMC|year=1989|publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-09306-2}}
* {{cite book|author=John Carman |title=Majesty and Meekness: A Comparative Study of Contrast and Harmony in the Concept of God |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DyVfKEmEK2QC |year=1994|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn=978-0-8028-0693-2 }}
* {{cite book|author1=Francis Clooney |author2=Tony Stewart |editor=Sushil Mittal and Gene Thursby|title=The Hindu World |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8CXU0MJmJboC |date=2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-60875-1 }}
* {{Citation | last =Coward | first =Harold G.| author-link =Harold Coward | year =2008 | title =The perfectibility of human nature in eastern and western thought | publisher =SUNY Press| isbn =9780791473368 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=LkE_8uch5P0C&pg=PA141}}
* {{cite book|last= Dalal |first=Roshen |title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&pg=PA50 |year=2010| publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-0-14-341421-6 }}
* {{cite journal| title= Texts, Tradition and Community Identity: The Srivaisnavas of South India| author= Ranjeeta Dutta| journal = Social Scientist| volume= 35| number= 9/10 |year = 2007| pages= 22–43| jstor= 27644238}}
* {{Citation | last =Flood | first =Gavin D. | author-link = Gavin Flood | year =1996 | title =An Introduction to Hinduism | publisher =Cambridge University Press}}

* {{Citation | last =Gough | first =Kathleen | year =1965 | title =Rural Society in Southeast India | publisher =Cambridge University Press | isbn =978-0-521-04019-8 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=GZwD7EqLcAUC&pg=PA25}}

* {{cite journal | last1=Srinivasan | first1=S. | last2=Mukherjee | first2=D.P. | title=Inbreeding among Some Brahman Populations of Tamil Nadu | journal=Human Heredity | volume=26 | issue=2 | year=1976 | pages=131–136 | doi=10.1159/000152794 | pmid=950239 }}
* {{Citation | last =Klostermaier | first =Klaus K. | author-link=Klaus Klostermaier | year =2007 | title =A Survey of Hinduism| publisher =State University of New York Press | edition =3| isbn =978-0-7914-7081-7}}
* {{cite journal|last= Lester|first= Robert C|year= 1966| title= Rāmānuja and Śrī-vaiṣṇavism: The Concept of Prapatti or Śaraṇāgati |journal = History of Religions|volume= 5| issue=2|pages= 266–282|jstor= 1062115|doi= 10.1086/462526|s2cid= 162224010}}

* {{Citation | last =Matchett | first =Freda | year =2000 | title =Krsna, Lord or Avatara? The relationship between Krsna and Visnu: in the context of the Avatara myth as presented by the Harivamsa, the Visnupurana and the Bhagavatapurana | publisher =Routledge | location =Surrey | isbn =978-0-7007-1281-6 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=1oqTYiPeAxMC }}
* {{cite book |last=Mayeda |first=Sengaku |year=2006 |title=A thousand teachings : the Upadeśasāhasrī of Śaṅkara |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-2771-4 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Morgan |first1=Kenneth W. |title=The Religion of the Hindus |year=1953 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House |isbn=978-81-208-0387-9 |page=228 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ulz9mO9cK54C&pg=PA228 |language=en}}
* {{cite journal | last=Mumme | first=Patricia Y. | title=Grace and Karma in Nammāḻvār's Salvation | journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society | volume=107 | issue=2 | year=1987 | pages=257–266 | doi=10.2307/602834 | jstor=602834 }}
* {{cite book|last=Sharma |first=Chandradhar |title=A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy|year= 1994|publisher= Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0365-7 }}
* {{cite web|title=Madhva (1238-1317) |first= Valerie| last= Stoker| publisher= Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy|year=2011 |access-date=17 April 2016| url=http://www.iep.utm.edu/madhva/ }}

* {{Citation| last =Tapasyananda | year =2011 | title =Bhakti Schools of Vedanta | publisher =Ramakrishna Mission}}
* {{cite book | title=Castes and Tribes of Southern India Volume I – A and B| last=Thurston| first=Edgar| author-link= Edgar Thurston|author2=K. Rangachari | chapter=Brahmin|year=1909| publisher=Government Press| location=Madras|ref= Thurston| title-link=Castes and Tribes of Southern India| author2-link=K. Rangachari}}
{{refend}}
==Further reading==
* ''Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend'' ({{ISBN|0-500-51088-1}}) by Anna Dallapiccola
* ''The Vernacular Veda: Revelation, Recitation, and Ritual'' (Univ of South Carolina Press, Columbia, South Carolina, U.S.A. 1 January 1994), by Vasudha Narayanan
* ''Understanding Hinduism'', ({{ISBN|1844832015}}), by Vasudha Narayanan

{{VaisnavaSampradayas}}

[[Category:Sri Vaishnavism| ]]
[[Category:Hindu philosophical concepts|Vishistadvaita]]
[[Category:Vaishnava sects]]
[[Category:Tamils and religion]]
[[Category:Bhakti movement]]
[[Category:Vishishtadvaita Vedanta]]

Bhojpur Kadim

2026-02-02T16:30:45Z

DexterEdmonson0: creating new details

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bhojpur Kadim
| other_name = Bhojpur Kadīm
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Dumraon block map.png
| map_caption = Map of Bhojpur Kadim (#116) in Dumraon block
| pushpin_map = India Bihar#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.58409|N|84.12653|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="Geonames">{{Cite web|url=https://www.geonames.org/1275867/bhojpur-kadim.html|title=Geonames.org. ''Bhojpur Kadīm''|accessdate=13 August 2020}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Buxar district|Buxar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for = Raja [[Bhoja]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 0.959
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name="Geonames"/>
| elevation_m = 71
| population_total = 18243<ref name="Census 2011"/>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 =
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}}
'''Bhojpur Kadim''' is a historic village in [[Dumraon]] block of [[Buxar district]], Bihar, India. As of 2011, its population was 18,243, in 3,024 households.<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Bihar District Census Handbook - Buxar, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=19–20, 23–98, 318–365, 681–82, 730–746 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/BiharA.html |website=Census 2011 India|accessdate=13 August 2020}}</ref> Together with the neighboring Bhojpur Jadid, it lends its name to the surrounding [[Bhojpuri region]].<ref name="Ansari">{{cite book |last1=Ansari |first1=Tahir Hussain |title=Mughal Administration and the Zamindars of Bihar |date=2019 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781000651522 |pages=34–84 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iftaR6DVxIAC |accessdate=14 August 2020}}</ref>

== Name ==
The name ''Bhojpur'' is derived from the name of the [[Paramara dynasty]] king [[Bhoja]], who reigned from Dhar and was a patron of the arts.<ref name="Hodivala">{{cite book |last1=Hodivala |first1=S.H. |editor1-last=Garg |editor1-first=Sanjay |title=Studies in Indo-Muslim History by S.H. Hodivala Volume II |date=2018 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780429757778 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JM5wDwAAQBAJ |accessdate=14 August 2020}}</ref> {{Transliteration|ur|Kadim}} is an [[Urdu]] word meaning 'old'.<ref name="Gazetteer 1957">{{cite book |last1=Roy Choudhury |first1=Pranab Chandra |title=Bihar District Gazetteers: Shahabad |date=1957 |publisher=Secretariat Press |location=Bihar |page=798 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0nw1AAAAIAAJ |accessdate=14 August 2020}}</ref> There is also the neighbouring village of Bhojpur Jadid, or New Bhojpur.<ref name="Ansari"/>

== History ==
Bhojpur was the capital of the [[Ujjainiya]] rajas of Bhojpur.<ref name="Hodivala"/> The Ujjainiyas, a [[Rajput]] clan that claimed ancestry from the [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]] dynasty that had ruled from Dhar and [[Ujjain]],<ref name="Hodivala"/> migrated to the Bhojpur region sometime around 1320.<ref name="Ansari"/> The founding figure, Sanatan<ref name="Gopal">{{cite book|last1= Gopal| first1=Surendra|title=Mapping Bihar: From Medieval to Modern Times|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mCZFDwAAQBAJ|date=14 August 2020|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-351-03416-6}}</ref> or Santana<ref name="Gazetteer 1924">{{cite book |last1=O'Malley |first1=L.S.S. |title=Bihar and Orissa District Gazetteers Shahabad |date=1924 |publisher=Logos Press |location=New Delhi |pages=167–69 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iftaR6DVxIAC&dq |accessdate=14 August 2020}}</ref> Sahi, came to settle in the village of [[Karur]] in the [[pargana]] of Danwar at that time, while returning from a pilgrimage to [[Gaya, India|Gaya]].<ref name="Gazetteer 1924"/> Before this, the region was ruled by the [[Chero dynasty]].<ref name="Ansari"/> The region was heavily forested at that time, and the coming of the Ujjainiyas coincided with the clearing of much of this forest to make room for large-scale agriculture.<ref name="Gopal"/>

Sanatan Sahi died around 1360 and was succeeded by his eldest son, Hunkar Sahi. Upon his accession, the Cheros under his rule revolted. Hunkar Sahi defeated them in a military campaign, with both sides taking heavy losses. One of the main Chero strongholds in the area was [[Bihiya]], ruled by one Mahipaldev; Hunkar Sahi conquered Bihiya from him, and after this faced little opposition. He made Behea his capital and constructed new buildings there. Later generations would justify the conquest with a legend that Hunkar Sahi pledged devotion to the Muslim holy man [[Makhdoom Sharfuddin Ahmed Yahya Maneri|Sharifuddin Maneri]] after witnessing one of his miracles; in turn, Sharifuddin Maneri declared Hunkar Sahi the rightful ruler of Bihiya.<ref name="Gopal"/>

Hunkar Sahi died in 1410 and was succeeded by his son Dev Sahi, who was still a minor. As such, the boy's uncle, Ishwar Sahi, was appointed regent. Later, though, Dev Sahi reputedly went insane and was replaced by his younger brother Dullah Sahi, who moved his capital to Dawan<ref name="Gopal"/> (or "Dawa"), in the pargana of Bihiya.<ref name="Gazetteer 1924"/> He died in 1484 at the age of 85 after a long reign. As his oldest son, Badal Sahi, was blind, a younger son ascended the throne as Ram Sahi. Ram Sahi continued to face opposition from the Chero tribes and attempted to impose social controls on them, banning them from arming themselves (except for hunting) and forbidding them from mingling with members of other tribes. His plan backfired — now the tribesmen turned to brigandage against the Ujjainiyas. Ram Sahi attempted to reestablish his rule by building [[thana]]s on the banks of the [[Karmanasa River]], but to little effect.<ref name="Gopal"/>

=== 1500s ===
A clearer picture of the Bhojpur raj begins to emerge from the time of Raja Durlabh Deo, who ascended to the throne in 1489. This king had three wives and five sons: Badal Singh, Shivram Singh, Sangram Singh, Devendra Singh, and Mahipal Singh. In 1500, at the behest of his second wife, Durlabh Deo named Shivram Singh as his heir, which upset his other wives and sons. It was especially a snub to Badal Singh, the eldest son, who ended up leaving Bhojpur and venturing off in search of supporters. During this time, he met Farid Khan, the future [[Sher Shah Suri]], who similarly had been driven from home. According to Bodhraj of Pugal, the two men became close friends and pledged to come to the other's assistance if he ever needed it. After Farid was given charge of [[Sasaram]] and [[Khawaspur Diara urf Topra|Khawaspur]] Tanda in 1511, he helped restore Badal Singh to his aging father's good graces.<ref name="Ansari"/>

Durlabh Deo died in 1519, and a bloody succession war broke out among his sons. Badal Singh and Mahipal Singh were both killed. Shivram Singh survived and became the sole ruler of Bhojpur, with his capital at [[Bihta]]. Later, in 1532, Badal Singh's widow met with Farid — now known as Sher Khan — and asked for assistance in raising her two sons (Gajpati Sahi, then 18, and Bairi Sal, then 15) to the throne. Sher Khan obliged and sent an army that, in 1534, defeated and killed Shivram Singh, and Gajpati Sahi became raja, with his seat at [[Jagdishpur]].<ref name="Ansari"/>

After this, Gajpati became a close ally of Sher Khan. In 1534, Sher Khan asked for Gajpati's assistance against [[Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah]], the [[Bengal Sultanate|Sultan of Bengal]], and Gajpati responded by mustering an army including 2,000 cavalrymen to aid him. At [[Surajgarh]], their combined forces defeated those of the Sultan, with Gajpati killing the Sultan's commander Ibrahim Khan, and they seized the Bengal army's camp equipment, elephants, and artillery. Sher Khan, highly pleased, granted Gajpati the region of [[Buxar]], and gave a sword to his younger brother, Bairi Sal.<ref name="Ansari"/>

Meanwhile, the widow of Mahipal Singh, the other son of Durlabh Deo who had died in the 1519 succession war, sought assistance in raising her own son, Dalpati Sahi (aka Dalpat), to the Ujjainiya throne. She approached her brother Birbhan, of the pargana of Arail, Allahabad in the Allahabad Subah; he then in turn went to [[Humayun]], the second [[Mughal emperor]] and a deep-seated rival of Sher Khan. In 1538, while Humayun was en route to Barkhnada in modern [[Palamau district]], Birbhan met with him and Humayun agreed to provide him with troops. Birbhan was thus able to defeat Gajpati and install Dalpat on the throne in Jagdishpur.<ref name="Ansari"/>

Indebted to Humayun, as Gajpati had been to Sher Khan, Birbhan sided with Humayun in his war against Sher Khan. After Humayun was defeated in the decisive [[Battle of Chausa]] against Sher Khan in 1539, Birbhan met with him and offered provisions. He helped Humayun escape pursuit by Sher Khan's general, Mir Farid Gaur, by crossing the [[Ganges]] near [[Mirzapur]].<ref name="Ansari"/>

In the meantime, the dispossessed Gajpati had again joined forces with Sher Khan, bringing a contingent of his own troops to the Battle of Chausa. He probably played a significant role in the battle, although later Ujjainiya sources say nothing about the matter. Not long after, he attacked Bhojpur, apparently with Sher Khan's assistance, and overthrew Dalpat as ruler of Bhojpur. In addition, Sher Khan granted Gajpati the title of Raja as well as rule over the [[sarkar (administrative division)|sarkar]]s of [[Rohtas district|Rohtas]] and [[Shahabad district|Shahabad]]. Finally, Gajpati built a fortress at his capital of Jagdishpur.<ref name="Ansari"/>

Under the [[Sur Empire]] that was established after Sher Shah's victory at Chausa, Bhojpur was at peace. Gajpati was able to consolidate his rule, expanding as far as the border of the sarkar of [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]]. By this point, he was the most powerful chief in northwestern Bihar. After Humayun's victory at the [[Battle of Sirhind (1555)|Battle of Sirhind]] in 1555 led to the downfall of the short-lived Sur Empire and the reestablishment of Mughal power in northern India, there was a possibility that the overthrown Dalpat would seek Humayun's assistance in retaking Bhojpur, but Humayun's sudden death after falling down a staircase prevented such an occurrence.<ref name="Ansari"/>

Under Humayun's successor [[Akbar]], Gajpati originally resisted Mughal power but later, in 1568–69, he submitted to [[Munim Khan]], the governor of [[Sultanate of Jaunpur|Jaunpur]], and agreed to pay 500,000 [[rupee]]s per year as ''[[malguzari]]''. In early 1573, Munim Khan appointed Gajpati to a military command against the Bengal Sultan [[Daud Khan Karrani]]. A year later, Gajpati accompanied Akbar in an attack on [[Hajipur]], but as soon as 1576 he was openly in rebellion against Mughal rule. He was defeated in battle near [[Ghazipur]] and fled back to the forests of Bhojpur, while the Mughal army commandeered the fort of Moheda, about seven miles west of Bhojpur.<ref name="Ansari"/> Then, in 1575,<ref name="Gopal"/> they besieged Jagdishpur, where Gajpati had fled to. The siege lasted for three months before the fort surrendered, while Gajpati, along with his son Ram Singh and his brother Bairi Sal, escaped into the hilly forests nearby.<ref name="Ansari"/>

Meanwhile, Dalpati Sahi, the son of Mahipal Singh who had briefly reigned in 1538-39 before being ousted by Gajpati, took advantage of the opportunity to press his claim. In 1577, he attacked Gajpati, who was killed in the following battle.<ref name="Gopal"/> At about the same time, Bairi Sal was killed in a Mughal surprise attack. Ram Singh fled to the [[Shergarh Fort]], but he soon surrendered to [[Shahbaz Khan (Mughal general)|Shahbaz Khan]].<ref name="Ansari"/> Dalpati Sahi, now the sole Ujjainiya ruler, was recognized by Akbar with the title of Raja and restored to his former possessions. Akbar also made Dalpat a [[mansabdar]]. In return, Dalpat was to provide Akbar with military support. Dalpat moved his capital from Jagdishpur to Bihiya, although Jagdishpur remained his main military stronghold.<ref name="Gopal"/>

However, as early as 1580, Dalpati had already revolted. He had joined an existing rebellion in Bihar and Bengal led by an Afghan named Arab Bahadur, who had besieged [[Patna]]. He moved his capital to Bahuara in [[Piro, Bhojpur|Piro]], where he built a fort called Dalpatgarh. Akbar appointed [[Mirza Aziz Koka]] as governor of Bihar in order to quell the rebellion. Arab Bahadur realised that his siege would not capture Patna before Mughal reinforcements arrived and fled to Bhojpur, where Dalpati Sahi granted him refuge and reaffirmed his commitment to fight against the Mughals. Now joined by Shahbaz Khan, the Mughal army under Aziz Koka sacked Jagdishpur, but the two rebels fled to the jungles. There, they adopted guerilla tactics and killed many Mughal soldiers. The Mughal commanders, Aziz Koka and Shahbaz Khan, fell out with each other at this point, and Aziz Koka later left to join [[Todar Mal]]. Shahbaz Khan ordered the jungles cleared in an attempt to force the rebels out into the open. Meanwhile, Dalpati Sahi and Arab Bahadur attacked the fort of [[Kant, Bhojpur|Kant]] and killed its commander, Saadat Ali Khan. Upon hearing of this, Shahbaz Khan immediately marched towards Kant and forced the rebels to flee to Sasaram, where they were defeated. Arab Bahadur fled to [[Saran district|Saran]], where he continued to harass the area before moving again to Jaunpur to join the rebels of [[Masum Khan Farankhudi]]. However, Dalpat submitted to the Mughals.<ref name="Ansari"/>

For eight years, Dalpat remained compliant before in 1599 rebelled again. [[Daniyal Mirza]], who had been appointed governor of [[Allahabad]], was sent to subdue him. When Daniyal reached Hajipur, Dalpat submitted and presented him with a gift of elephants, but soon again rebelled. He was, however, captured and pardoned; the ''[[Akbarnama]]'' says that Dalpat's daughter was married to Daniyal and in 1604 she had a son named Farhang Hushang. Meanwhile, Dalpat was murdered by his own kin in 1601.<ref name="Ansari"/>

=== 1600s ===
Upon Dalpat's death, his nephew Ram Sahi II assumed the throne, but Dalpat's son Mukutmani sought Akbar's assistance in becoming ruler instead. Mukutmani was physically very strong and impressed Akbar, who granted him the same mansab to as his father; Akbar presumably hoped to pit the two claimants against each other. After Akbar died in 1605, Mukutmani returned to Bhojpur to rule.<ref name="Gopal"/> But he proved to be incompetent and unpopular, and in 1607 was forced to abdicate in favor of his nephew Narayan Mal.<ref name="Ansari"/>

Narayan Mal then went to [[Agra]] and entered the service of Khurram, the future [[Shah Jahan]]. He didn't stay long, however — a major Chero uprising in 1607 prompted him to go back to Bhojpur. The Cheros of Bhojpur were assisted by the Chero rajas of Kaddhar, Anandichak, Balaunja, and [[Lohardaga]], among others. Narayan Mal received the assistance of one Rai Kalyan Singh, who had been sent by [[Jahangir]] with a force of 500 cavalry to help him. The decisive battle of this conflict took place at Buxar. At first, the Cheros were on the verge of routing when a large allied force came to reinforce them. The Ujjainias then likewise came to the verge of routing before the Mughal cavalry arrived to reinforce them. Eventually, the Cheros fled the battlefield after a rumour that more Mughal reinforcements were coming spread. Afterwards, Narayan Mal was granted the title of Raja and a [[mansabdar|mansab]] of 1,000/800.<ref name="Ansari"/>

Narayan Mal died in 1624 and was succeeded by his younger brother [[Maharana Pratap|Pratap Singh]], who was granted the title of Raja by Jahangir, along with a mansab of 1,000/8000 (later raised to 1,500/1,000 by Shah Jahan). Pratap Singh moved his capital from Jagdishpur to Bhojpur Kadim, where he built a palace called Navratna. He then held an official post in Agra for about a decade, after which he returned to Bhojpur. Not long after that, he fell out with the imperial administration, who accused him of exploiting the peasants. Then they found out that he had not paid revenue for the past 9 years, and demanded that he pay the full sum immediately as well as present himself before the emperor and explain his conduct. Raja Pratap at first complied, travelling as far as [[Ayodhya]] before changing his mind and openly rebelling against the emperor. Shah Jahan sent the governor of Bihar, Abdullah Khan Firoz Jung, and the governor of Allahabad, Baqar Khan Najm Sani, to quell the rebellion. He also sent [[Fidai Khan]], the ''jagirdar'' of [[Gorakhpur]], and [[Mukhtar Khan]], the ''[[faujdar]]'' of [[Munger]], to march on Bhojpur. The combined armies captured the forts at Tribaq and Kalur, along with several others, and laid siege to Bhojpur. The siege lasted for six months before Raja Pratap finally surrendered. He was arrested and sent to Patna, where he was executed, probably at the city's western gate.<ref name="Ansari"/>

For a time thereafter, Bhojpur was under direct Mughal rule. Amar Singh, the son of Narayan Mal, had been passed over in 1624 when his uncle Pratap Singh had instead inherited the throne. He made an appeal to the governor of Bihar that he should be restored to the throne, but was denied. However, after seeking the assistance of [[Shah Shuja (Mughal prince)|Shah Shuja]], then the governor of Bengal, he succeeded in being granted the Bhojpur estate in 1648. He then moved his capital away from Bhojpur Kadim in favor of [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]], 20 km southwest of Dumraon in the present Buxar district. He built numerous buildings at Mithila, and the ruins of the old fort can still be seen at Bhojpur Kadim.<ref name="Ansari"/>

During the ensuing succession war at the end of Shah Jahan's life, both Shah Shuja and [[Dara Shikoh]] sought Amar Singh's support, but since it was Shah Shuja who had helped Amar Singh obtain the Bhojpur raj, his decision was "a foregone conclusion".<ref name="Ansari"/> During the wars that followed, Amar Singh unwaveringly gave support to Shah Shuja, including at the [[Battle of Jajau|Battle of Bahadurpur]] between the two brothers in February 1658. Shah Shuja expressed appreciation in several [[firman]]s to Amar Singh during the course of the year, and promised rewards and favours in return, but after his defeat by [[Aurangzeb]] at the [[Battle of Khajwa]] in 1659, he was chased out of India altogether and ended up dying in exile in [[Arakan]]. Amar Singh ended up switching allegiance to Aurangzeb, who continued to recognize his rank and titles, and he died in 1665 after a peaceful final few years.<ref name="Ansari"/>

Amar Singh was succeeded by his oldest son, Rudra Singh, although he was not officially recognised by Aurangzeb as raja until 1682. In the meantime, Amar Singh's younger brother Prabal Singh had gone to [[Delhi]] and sought Aurangzeb's support in making him raja instead. According to local tradition, Aurangzeb offered to do so if Prabal Singh converted to Islam, which he did, but he was not given rule over Bhojpur. The reason is unclear, but possibly because Rudra Singh had already established himself as a capable and loyal young ruler. As compensation, the disgruntled Prabal Singh was granted a jagir in the pargana of Piro as well as the title of raja. He returned from Delhi in 1671 and died a year later.<ref name="Ansari"/>

In 1681, Rudra Singh revolted. The coming of the rainy season delayed the Mughals' response, but in October they had marched on Mithila and burned it to the ground, confiscating Rudra Singh's estates and putting them under direct Mughal rule. Rudra Singh escaped to the forests and harassed the Mughals using guerilla tactics. Eventually, Safi Khan, the governor of Bihar and an old ally of Amar Singh's, approached Rudra Singh to negotiate a truce. Rudra Singh agreed to apologise for his rebellion and pay an indemnity of 130,000 rupees to the Mughal government, while in return he was granted a pardon and restoration of his father's rank and title. The rank and title were not finalised until April 1682. Around that time, Rudra Singh was also appointed ''faujdar'' of the sarkar of Shahabad, indicating that he had fully won back the confidence of the Mughal administration. He had been replaced by one [[Adiqat Khan]] by 1683, however. Rudra Singh was later given extensive [[jagir]]s with an annual revenue of over 200,000 rupees, along with the rights to collect revenues in the pargana of Kharid in Jaunpur. He moved his capital from the destroyed Mithila to Buxar, and died there in 1699 of poison. He was succeeded by his cousin Mandhata Singh, son of Prabal Singh, who moved the capital back to Mithila.<ref name="Ansari"/>

=== 1700s ===
In 1745, [[Raja Horil Singh]] moved his capital to Dumraon, thus founding the [[Dumraon Raj]]; his nephews Buddh Singh and Udwant Singh founded the estates at Buxar and [[Jagdishpur estate|Jagdishpur]].<ref name="Gazetteer 1924"/>

==See also==

*[[List of governors of Bihar]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Buxar district]]

Suresh Kumar Sharma

2026-01-19T21:41:28Z

DexterEdmonson0:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{BLP sources|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Suresh Kumar Sharma
| office1 = Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| website =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| successor1 = Bijendra Chaudhary
| predecessor1 = [[Bijendra Chaudhary]]
| constituency1 = [[Muzaffarpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Muzaffarpur]]
| term_end1 = 2020
| term_start1 = 2010
| 2namedata = 29 July 2017 - 16 November 2020
| image = Suresh Kumar Sharma.jpg
| 2blankname = Minister of Urban Development & Housing
| 1namedata = {{centre|'''Term'''}}
| 1blankname = {{centre|Ministry}}
| term_end = 16 November 2020
| term_start = 29 July 2017
| office = [[Cabinet Minister]] [[Government of Bihar]]
| caption = Suresh Kumar Sharma
| footnotes =
| spouse = Rajkumari Sinha
| children = 4
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1946|10|09}}
}}
'''Suresh Kumar Sharma''' (born 9 October 1946) is an Indian politician associated with [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] who served as the Minister of Urban Development & Housing in [[Sixth Nitish Kumar ministry]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/new-bihar-cabinet-takes-oath-full-list-of-ministers-with-their-portfolios-in-jdu-bjp-government-2362494/|title=Bihar Cabinet: Nitish Keeps Home, Assigns Finance to Sushil Modi; Check Full List|first=India com News|last=Desk|date=29 July 2017|website=India News, Breaking News | India.com}}</ref> He lost [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020 election]] from [[Muzaffarpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]] against [[Bijendra Chaudhary]] of [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/muzaffarpur.html|title=Muzaffarpur Election and Results 2020, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs|website=Elections in India}}</ref>

== Political Background ==
First time He was elected to the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] from [[Muzaffarpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]] as a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in [[Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2010|2010]].

Again in the 2015 He had won from the same seat [[Muzaffarpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]] elected second time for the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] as a Member of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].

Suresh Kumar Sharma lost [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020 Bihar Legislative assembly election]] from [[Muzaffarpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]].

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Suresh Kumar}}
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2010–2015]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2015–2020]]

{{Bihar-BJP-politician-stub}}

Birmaharajpur Assembly constituency

2026-01-17T19:24:37Z

DexterEdmonson0: Added The Entry V1.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Odisha legislative assembly in India}}
{{About| the assembly constituency|its eponymous town|Birmaharajpur}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Birmaharajpur
| state = [[Odisha]]
| constituency_no = 64
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| division = Northern Division
| district = [[Subarnapur district|Subarnapur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bolangir (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bolangir]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = SC
| incumbent_image =
| mla = [[Raghunath Jagadala]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| electors = 2,16,088{{efn|as on 2024}}{{efn|as data published by election commission}}
}}

'''Birmaharajpur''' is a [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] [[List of constituencies of Odisha Legislative Assembly|constituency]] of [[Subarnapur district]], [[Odisha]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=64|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311105859/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=64|url-status=usurped|archive-date=11 March 2014|title= Orissa Assembly Election 2009 |work=empoweringindia.org |quote= Constituency: Birmaharajpur (64) District : Subarnapur|accessdate= 1 March 2014}}</ref> After 2008 Delimitation, [[Binka Assembly constituency]] was subsumed into this constituency.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Election Commission of India |url=http://archive.org/details/delimitation-2008 |title=2008 Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order of India |date=2008-11-26}}</ref>

This constituency includes ''Binika NAC'', Birmaharajpur block, Ullunda block and 13 [[Gram panchayat|GP]]s (Babupalli, Bankigirdi, Bausuni, Bhandar, Charda, Kaintara, Mahadevpalli, Meghala, Seledi, Shankara, Silati, Sindurpur and Singhijuba) of Binika block.<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf Assembly Constituencies and their Extent]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls Seats of Odisha]</ref>

==Elected members==

{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S18/partycomp114.htm|title= 114 - Birmaharajpur Assembly Constituency|work=eci.nic.in |year=2006 |quote=List Of Winning Candidates |accessdate= 10 March 2014}}</ref>|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|48.19}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|39.07}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|46.01}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|48.67}}
{{bar percent|2003 (bypoll)|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|53.62}}
{{bar percent|2004|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|54.04}}
{{bar percent|2000|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|36.12}}
{{bar percent|1995|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|37.56}}
{{bar percent|1990|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|68.55}}
{{bar percent|1985|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|38.54}}
{{bar percent|1980|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|48.29}}
{{bar percent|1977|{{party color|Janata Party}}|64.56}}
}}

Since its formation in 1951, 14 elections were held till date including in one bypoll in 2006.<ref>{{cite web|title=BY-ELECTIONS OF ODISHA LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY (1955-2012)|url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/449-450.pdf|publisher=Govt. Of Odisha|accessdate=27 February 2014|page=450|year=2011}}{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The constituency didn't exist from [[1957 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1957]] to [[1971 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1971]].

Elected members from the Birmaharajpur constituency are:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |title=Odisha Reference Annual – 2011: List of Members of Odisha Legislative Assembly (1951–2004) |access-date=2014-02-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217121136/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-17 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Birmaharajpur Assembly Constituency, Orissa|url=http://www.elections.in/orissa/assembly-constituencies/birmaharajpur.html|publisher=Compare Infobase Limited|accessdate= 10 March 2014}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Birmaharajpur Assembly Election Results 2024: Birmaharajpur Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/odisha/birmaharajpur-constituency-result-18064 |access-date=2025-06-20 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Raghunath Jagadala]]
|{{full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<ref name="election2019">{{cite web |title=State Election, 2019 to the Legislative Assembly of Odisha |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11679-odisha-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |accessdate=7 October 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" |[[Padmanabha Behera]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=6|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<ref name=":2" />
|-
|[[2004 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| rowspan="2" |Sanjeeb Kumar Sahoo
|-
|2003 (Bypoll){{efn|Death of Baishnaba Pradhan}}
|-
|[[2000 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|Baishnaba Pradhan
|-
||[[1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|Rama Chandra Pradhan
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
||[[1990 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Rabinarayan Panigrahi
|{{full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
||[[1985 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Kartika Prasad Taria
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
||[[1980 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Hrushikesh Hota
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
||[[1977 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Surendra Pradhan
|{{full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
||[[1974 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
|Hrushikesh Hota
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| colspan="4"| {{center|''1957-1971 : Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
||[[1951 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1951]]
|Achutananda Mahakur
|{{full party name with color|Ganatantra Parishad}}
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2024 ===
Voting were held on 20 May 2024 in 2nd phase of Odisha Assembly Election & 5th phase of Indian General Election. Counting of votes was on 4 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Odisha 2024 |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]]}}</ref> In 2024 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Raghunath Jagadala]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Padmanabha Behera|Padmanabh Behera]] by a margin of 21,946 votes.<ref name=":0" />
{{Election box begin
|title= [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]], Birmaharajpur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Raghunath Jagadala]]
|votes = 85,680
|percentage = 48.19
|change = {{increase}}16.94
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Biju Janata Dal|candidate=[[Padmanabha Behera]]|votes=63,734|percentage=35.84|change={{decrease}}3.23}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Pradip Kumar Sethy|votes=22,576|percentage=12.7|change={{decrease}}11.71}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=1,559|percentage=0.88|change={{increase}}0.24}}
{{Election box majority||votes=21,946|percentage=12.35|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,77,809|percentage=82.29|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
In 2014 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Padmanabha Behera]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Raghunath Jagadala|Raghunath Jagdala]] by a margin of 13,057 votes.<ref name="election2019" />{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Birmaharajpur<ref name="SP Ass Cand">{{cite web |title=List of Contesting Candidates(Phase-II) (AC) |url=http://www.ceoorissa.nic.in/docs/Election/2019/Form7A/Phase2/List%20of%20Contesting%20Candidates%20%282nd%20Phase-AC%20Wise%29.pdf |website=ceoorissa.nic.in |publisher=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Odisha |accessdate=17 April 2019}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Padmanabha Behera]]
|votes = 65,202
|percentage = 39.07
|change = {{decrease}}6.94
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Raghunath Jagadala]]
|votes = 52,145
|percentage = 31.25
|change = {{increase}}6.48
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Binod Patra
|votes = 40,735
|percentage = 24.41
|change = {{increase}}0.93
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,074
|percentage = 0.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 13,057
|percentage = 7.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,66,883
|percentage = 79.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
In 2014 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Padmanabha Behera]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate Ananda Barik by a margin of 31,290 votes.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=Constituency Wise odisha Assembly Election result 2014|url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|publisher=Leadtech.in|access-date=8 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818230907/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|archive-date=18 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{Election box begin |
| title=[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Birmaharajpur<ref>{{cite web|title=Odisha - Birmaharajpur|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/ConstituencywiseS1864.htm?ac=64|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=8 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Orissa Assembly Election 2014 Constituency: Birmaharajpur (64)|url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=64|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140608104222/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=64|url-status=usurped|archive-date=8 June 2014|publisher=EmpoweringIndia.org|accessdate=8 June 2014}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Padmanabha Behera]]
|votes = 67,774
|percentage = 46.01
|change = {{decrease}}2.66
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ananda Barik
|votes = 36,484
|percentage = 24.77
|change = {{increase}}8.96
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Kartik Prasad Taria
|votes = 34,589
|percentage = 23.48
|change = {{decrease}}8.34
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 2,201
|percentage = 1.49
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 31,290
|percentage = 21.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,47,305
|percentage = 79.66
|change = 7.14
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 1,84,923
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
In 2009 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Padmanabha Behera]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Binod Patra by a margin of 21,401 votes.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |title=Orissa Election Result 2009 With Vote Margin |work=leadtech.in |quote=21401 |access-date=10 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527163949/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |archive-date=27 May 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Election box begin |
|title= [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Birmaharajpur <ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3630-orissa-2009/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Orissa |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 6 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Padmanabha Behera]]
|votes = 61,803
|percentage = 48.67
|change = {{down}}5.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Binod Patra|votes=40,402|percentage=31.82|change=''-''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Damayanti Barik|votes=20,075|percentage=15.81|change=''-''}}
{{Election box majority||votes=21,401|percentage=16.85{{efn|%of total valid votes}}|change=''-''}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,27,013|percentage=72.52|change=''-''}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Subarnapur district}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Odisha|state=expanded}}
{{coord|20.87|84.05|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Odisha]]
[[Category:Subarnapur district]]
[[Category:Politics of Odisha]]
[[Category:Constituencies established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Orissa]]

S. Anantharamakrishnan

2026-01-10T15:37:09Z

DexterEdmonson0:

{{Short description|Indian businessman (1905–1964)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = S. Anantharamakrishnan
| image = Sivasailam Anantharamakrishnan.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth-date|1905}}
| birth_place = [[Alwarkurichi]], [[Tinnevely District (Madras Presidency)|Tinnevely District]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]] (present day [[Tirunelveli district|Tirunelveli]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1964|04|18|1905}}
| death_place = [[Chennai|Madras]], [[Madras State]] (present day [[Tamil Nadu]]), India
| occupation = Businessman
| spouse =
| parents =
| children =4 (incl. [[A. Sivasailam]])
}}

{{Indian name|Anantharamakrishnan|Sivasailam}}'''Sivasailam Anantharamakrishnan''' (1905 – 18 April 1964), affectionately called '''J''', was an Indian industrialist and [[Business magnate|business tycoon]] who founded and led the [[Amalgamations Group]] of industries from 1945 to 1964.

Anantharamakrishnan was born in [[Tirunelveli district|Tirunelveli]] in 1905 and had his education in Tirunelveli and [[Chennai|Madras]]. In 1935, he joined the Simpson Group as a secretary and in 1938, became the first Indian director in the management of Simpson Group. He served as the Chairman of the Group from 1953 till his death in 1964.

Anantharamakrishnan is remembered for his successful business practices, efficient management of the [[Trade union|labour unions]] and for triggering the growth of the automobile industry of [[Chennai]] which has earned the city the epithet "[[Detroit]] of India". As a result, he himself came to be remembered as the "[[Henry Ford]] of South India".

== Early life ==

Anantharamakrishnan was born in Alwarkurichi Village of Ambasamudram Taluk in Tirunelveli District on '''11 November 1905'''.<ref name="historicaldefp64">{{cite book|title=Historical Dictionary of Tamils|first=Vijaya|last=Ramasamy|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2007|pages=64|isbn=978-0-8108-5379-9|id=}}</ref> He had his schooling at Government High School, Tirunelveli and graduated from Government College of Commerce in Madras.<ref name="transport">{{cite book|title=Transport|pages=25|first=K. H.|last=Rau|year=1964}}</ref> In 1930, he joined Fraser and Ross Limited as an accountant.<ref name="amalgamation_road">{{cite news|title=The road to amalgamation|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/05/21/stories/2003052100120300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050129161844/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/05/21/stories/2003052100120300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 January 2005|date=21 May 2003|work=[[The Hindu]]|first=S.|last=Muthiah|author-link=S.Muthiah}}</ref>

== Early years with Simpson and Co ==

Anantharamakrishnan joined Simpsons Group, a British-owned South Indian business conglomerate as Secretary in 1935.<ref name="amalgamation_road" /><ref name="southern_economist">{{cite book|title=Southern Economist|last=Subrahmanya|first=Susheela|year=1962|pages=8}}</ref><ref name="industrialrelationsp92">{{cite book|title=Industrial Relations|pages=92|first=P.|last=Venkataraman|year=2007|id=|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-313-0072-5}}</ref> He became one of the three directors and the only Indian director (the other two being European)<ref name="fcci">{{cite book|title=Footprints of Enterprise: Indian Business Through the Ages|pages=122|last=Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1999|isbn=0-19-564774-2|id=}}</ref> in the board of Simpsons group<ref name="historicaldefp64" /> when Sir Alexander MacDougall, Chairman of Simpson's, and [[W. W. Ladden]], managing director of the company founded a holding company in 1938.<ref name="amalgamation_road" /> Anantharamakrishnan's induction marked the partial Indianization of Simpsons group which was, till then, completely owned by Europeans.<ref name="fcci" /> The very next year, it was converted into a public limited company.<ref name="industrialrelationsp92" /> This eventually became the Amalgamations Group<ref name="historicaldefp64" /> in 1941.<ref name="industrialrelationsp91">{{cite book|title=Industrial Relations|pages=91|first=P.|last=Venkataraman|year=2007|id=|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-313-0072-5}}</ref> Anantharamakrishnan, also called "J", was responsible for the rapid expansion of the Amalgamations group in the 1940s. Anantharamakrishnan took over Amalgamations Group in 1945,<ref name="muthiahp61">[[#Muthiah|Muthiah]], Pg 61</ref> though he officially became its Chairman only in 1953.<ref name="amalgamation_road" />

== Expansion of the Amalgamations Group ==

In 1922, John Oakshott Robinson of Spencer's had purchased the Madras newspaper ''[[The Madras Mail]]'' and the [[Higginbotham's]] and merged the companies with his printing company Associated Printers and the Spencer's to form the Associated Publishers.<ref name="smuthiahp52">[[#Muthiah|Muthiah]], Pg 52</ref> In 1945, Anantharamakrishnan purchased Associated Publishers on behalf of Amalgamations and added the new companies to the group.<ref name="smuthiahp53">[[#Muthiah|Muthiah]], Pg 53</ref> According to popular Chennai historian [[S. Muthiah]], the successful takeover was the result of an overheard conversation at a Hotel Connemara.<ref name="smuthiahp53" /> This takeover is regarded as over of the biggest business deals of post-colonial Madras.

During the period 1938–1955, the group also promoted a finance company called Simpson and General Finance, an advertising company (Madras Advertising Company), Wheel-Precision Forgings, Speed-a-way and Wallaces Castwright.<ref name="industrialrelationsp91" /> [[Amco Batteries]] was acquired in year 1955.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Industrial Relations|last=Venkataraman|first=P.|year=2007|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-313-0072-5|pages=91}}</ref> India Piston was established in 1949. This company produces pistons, piston rings, piston pins and cylinder liners.<ref name="industrialrelationsp91" /> Addison Paints and Chemicals was established in 1947.<ref name="industrialrelationsp91" /> With Indian independence and Indianization of commercial establishments in the country, the Europeans in the board left handing the company to Indians. Consequently, Anantharamakrishnan became the Chairman of the Amalgamations group in 1953.<ref name="amalgamation_road" />

Anantharamakrishnan died an untimely death on 18 April 1964 at the age of fifty-nine.<ref name="bhavansjournalp13">{{cite book|title=Bhavan's Journal|pages=13|year=1964}}</ref><ref name="raju">{{cite news|title=Remembering J -A Henry Ford of South India|url=http://newstodaynet.com/2007sud/apr07/180407.htm|work=News Today|date=April 2007|first=V.|last=Sundaram}}</ref>

== Commemoration and legacy ==

Anantharamakrishnan is highly regarded for his business acumen and is credited with a large-scale increase in the production of automobiles in Chennai city that have earned Chennai, the epithet "[[Detroit]] of India".<ref name="raju" /><ref name="bhavansjournalp36">{{cite book|title=Bhavan's Journal|pages=36|year=1964}}</ref> A former employee, in an interview, recounted that Anantharamakrishnan was strongly against the use of political lobbying in order to secure business interests.<ref name="raju" />

Former [[President of India]], [[R. Venkataraman]], regarded the Simpson Group Worker's Union as one of the best organized worker's unions.<ref name="rvspeeches">{{cite book|title=President R. Venkataraman Selected Speeches|pages=112|publisher=Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India|year=1991|first=Ramaswamy|last=Venkataraman|author-link=R. Venkataraman}}</ref> Anantharamakrishna is, himself, known to have authored a 6-page publication titled "Industrial disputes — How to prevent them".

A book on Anantharamakrishnan was released during his birth centenary on 12 November 2005 by former [[Supreme Court of India]] judge Ratnavel Pandian in the presence of his sons, A. Sivasailam and A. Krishnamoorthy.<ref name="centenary_book">{{cite news|title=Tributes paid to Anantharamakrishnan|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/11/12/stories/2005111217030400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061209001330/http://www.hindu.com/2005/11/12/stories/2005111217030400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 December 2006|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=12 November 2005}}</ref>

The Anantharamakrishan Prize and the Anantharamakrishnan Memorial Lecture have been instituted by the Amalgamations Group in his honor.

== Publications ==

* {{cite book|title=Industrial disputes — How to prevent them|last=Anantharamakrishnan|first=S.|year=1956}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==

* {{cite book | title=Madras Rediscovered| last=Muthiah| first=S.| year=2004| author-link=S. Muthiah| publisher=East West Books (Madras) Pvt Ltd| isbn=81-88661-24-4|ref=Muthiah}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anantharamakrishnan, S}}
[[Category:1905 births]]
[[Category:1964 deaths]]
[[Category:Tamil businesspeople]]
[[Category:People from Tirunelveli district]]

The Battle of El Alamein (film)

2026-01-08T10:55:22Z

DexterEdmonson0: small rework formatting after review and added references for accuracy

{{Infobox film
|name = The Battle of El Alamein
|image = Battaglia-di-el-alamein-la-italian-movie-poster-md.jpg
|caption = Film poster
|director = [[Giorgio Ferroni]] (as Calvin Jackson Padget)
|producer = [[Luciano Martino]] Mino Loy
|screenplay = [[Ernesto Gastaldi]]<ref name=archiv/> Remigio Del Grosso
|story = Ernesto Gastaldi<ref name=archiv>{{cite web|url=http://www.archiviodelcinemaitaliano.it/index.php/scheda.html?codice=AG2531|publisher=Archiviodelcinemaitaliano.it|title=La battaglia di El Alamein (1968)|accessdate=October 21, 2021|language=it}}</ref>
|starring = {{ubl|[[Frederick Stafford]]|[[George Hilton (actor)|George Hilton]]|[[Enrico Maria Salerno]]}}
|music = [[Carlo Rustichelli]]<ref name=archiv/>
|cinematography = Sergio D'Offizi<ref name=archiv/>
|editing = [[Eugenio Alabiso]]<ref name=archiv/>
|production_companies = Zenith Cinematografica [[Les Films Corona]]<ref name=archiv/>
|distributor = [[Titanus]]<ref name=archiv/>
|released = {{Film date|df=yes|1969|1|23|Italy}}
|runtime = 96 minutes
|country = Italy France<ref name=archiv/>
|language = Italian French
}}
'''''The Battle of El Alamein''''' is a 1969 [[war film]] directed in 1969 by [[Giorgio Ferroni]]. It was an [[international co-production]] between Italy and France.<ref name=allmovie/> The film depicts the [[Second Battle of El Alamein]].<ref>{{cite book|editor-first1=Hans-Michael|editor-last1=Bock|editor-link1=Hans-Michael Bock|editor-first2=Tim|editor-last2=Bergfelder|title=The Concise Cinegraph: Encyclopaedia of German Cinema|publisher=[[Berghahn Books]]|year=2009|location=New York, NY|page=319|isbn=978-1571816559|jstor=j.ctt1x76dm6|last1=Hake |first1=Sabine |doi=10.2307/j.ctt1x76dm6 |s2cid=252868046 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Louis|first=Paul|title=Italian Horror Film Directors|year=2015|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|orig-year=2004|isbn=978-0786461134}}</ref>

==Plot==
Made with the cooperation of the Italian army, the film is told through a company of the [[185th Infantry Division "Folgore"]] commanded by [[Lieutenant]] (Lt.) Giorgio Borri. The inexperienced Lt. Borri is assisted by his brother, [[Sergeant major|Sergeant Major]] (Sgt. Maj.) Claudio Borri, a seasoned veteran of the [[Bersaglieri]]. Barri's British counterpart is Lt. Graham, with the two first coming face to face when Barri is captured.

The film also features Field Marshal [[Erwin Rommel]], [[Marshal of Italy]] [[Ettore Bastico]], and [[General officer|Generals]] (Gen.) [[Bernard Law Montgomery]], [[Georg Stumme]] and [[Wilhelm Ritter von Thoma]].

==Cast==
*[[Frederick Stafford]] as Lt. Giorgio Borri
*[[George Hilton (actor)|George Hilton]] as Lt. Graham
*[[Michael Rennie]] as Gen. [[Bernard Law Montgomery]]
*[[Robert Hossein]] as Field Marshal [[Erwin Rommel]]
*[[Enrico Maria Salerno]] as Sgt. Maj. Claudio Borri
*[[Marco Guglielmi]] as [[Captain]] Hubert
*[[Ettore Manni]] as Italian Captain
*[[Gérard Herter]] as [[Brigadier general|Brigadier General]] Schwartz
*[[Ira von Fürstenberg|Ira Fürstenberg]] as Marta
*[[Giuseppe Addobbati]] as Gen. [[Georg Stumme]]
*[[Manlio Busoni]] as Gen. [[Ettore Bastico]]
*[[Salvatore Borgese]] as Kapow
*[[Luciano Catenacci]] as Sgt. O'Hara
*[[Nello Pazzafini]] as Italian Sergeant
*[[Tom Felleghy]] as [[Wilhelm Ritter von Thoma]]

==Release==
''The Battle of El Alamein'' was released in Italy on January 23, 1969.<ref name=allmovie>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/the-battle-of-el-alamein-v4319|publisher=[[AllMovie]]|title=The Battle of El Alamein on AllMovie|accessdate=October 21, 2021|last=Erickson|first=Hal|authorlink=Hal Erickson (author)}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0062714}}

{{Giorgio Ferroni}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Battle of El Alamein (film), The}}
[[Category:Films directed by Giorgio Ferroni]]
[[Category:Films scored by Carlo Rustichelli]]
[[Category:Macaroni Combat films]]
[[Category:1969 war films]]
[[Category:Films about the North African campaign]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Erwin Rommel]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Bernard Montgomery]]
[[Category:French World War II films]]
[[Category:Italian World War II films]]
[[Category:1969 Italian films]]
[[Category:1969 French films]]
{{1960s-Italy-film-stub}}
{{WWII-film-stub}}

Sharanya Srinivas

2026-01-08T00:23:56Z

DexterEdmonson0: adjust section further and improved wording for clarity

{{short description|Indian vocalist (born 1991)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Sharanya
| image =
| caption =
| image_size =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1991|01|03}}
| instruments = Vocalist
| genre = [[Film Music]]
| occupations = [[Playback singer]]
| years_active = 2000-current
| spouse = Narayanan Kumar
| website =
}}
'''Sharanya Srinivas''' (born 3 January 1991) is an Indian vocalist who has notably worked in Tamil films as a [[playback singer]]. She is the daughter of prominent singer [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/06/03/stories/2004060300600200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040718093904/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/06/03/stories/2004060300600200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2004-07-18 |title='Music has a spiritual quality' |date=2004-06-03 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2016-12-01}}</ref>

== Career ==
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/People/2000/June/srinivas.html |title=Interview with Srinivas |website=www.indolink.com |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010413162314/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/People/2000/June/srinivas.html |archive-date=13 April 2001 |url-status=usurped}}</ref> She then went on to complete her secondary education and chose to make a career in music, expressing interest in becoming a vocalist. Sharanya also subsequently underwent a music production course under Henry Kuruvila after doing the same in another course at A. R. Rahmans KM Music Conservatory.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mobiletoi.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=24&sectid=edid=&edlabel=TOICH&mydateHid=14-08-2012&pubname=Times%20of%20India%20-%20Chennai&edname=&articleid=Ar02400&publabel=TOI |title=Archived copy |website=mobiletoi.timesofindia.com |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231003051/http://mobiletoi.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=24&sectid=edid=&edlabel=TOICH&mydateHid=14-08-2012&pubname=Times%20of%20India%20-%20Chennai&edname=&articleid=Ar02400&publabel=TOI |archive-date=31 December 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> She received positive reviews for her song alongside [[K. J. Yesudas]], with a reviewer from ''[[The Hindu]]'' noting she had a "sweet voice".<ref>{{cite news|author=Friday Review |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/an-aural-rainbow/article2052451.ece |title=An aural rainbow – Thrissur |newspaper=The Hindu |date=2011-05-27 |access-date=2016-12-01}}</ref> Her first song in Tamil as an adult was from Phani Kalyan's album ''[[Konjam Koffee Konjam Kaadhal]]'' (2012), performing song titled "Adi Thaahira" alongside Sathya Prakash. She then performed in the Tamil version of ''[[Raanjhanaa]]'' for A. R. Rahman again, singing two [[Carnatic music|Carnatic songs]], "Kalaarasiga" and "Kanaave Kanaave", describing the first song as "close to her heart".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10151956644171263&set=a.10151852832486263.1073741825.605571262&type=1&theater |title=This is a small write up which appeared... - Sharanya Srinivas |publisher=Facebook |date=2013-12-27 |access-date=2016-12-01}}</ref>

== Discography ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
! Year !! Song !! Film !! Language(s) !! Music director
|-
| 2000 || "Alangatti Mazhai" || ''[[Thenali]]'' || Tamil || [[A. R. Rahman]]
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2011 || "Chirakingu" || rowspan="2"| ''[[The Train (2011 film)|The Train]]'' || Malayalam || rowspan="2" | [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
|-
| "Naavoru" || Malayalam
|-
| 2012 || "Adi Thaahira" || ''[[Konjam Koffee Konjam Kaadhal]]'' || Tamil || Phani Kalyan
|-
|rowspan="4"| 2013 || "Kalaarasiga" || rowspan="2"| ''[[Raanjhanaa|Ambikapathy]]'' || Tamil || rowspan="2" | [[A. R. Rahman]]
|-
| "Kanaave Kanaave" || Tamil
|-
| "Electro Love" || rowspan="2"| ''[[Kangaroo (2015 film)|Kangaroo]]'' || Tamil || rowspan="2" | [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
|-
| "Nenjukkuzhi" || Tamil
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2014 || "Endro Oru Vithaiyaai" || rowspan="2"| "[[Panthu]]" || Tamil || rowspan="2" | Nandha
|-
|"Poovil Paniththuliyum" || Tamil
|-
|2015 || ''Kannaaley''|| ''Single ft. Javed Ali'' || Tamil || ER Azhar Kaashif
|-
|2016 || ''Leguvaa'' || ''[[Raja Manthiri]]'' || Tamil || [[Justin Prabhakaran]]
|-
|2017 || ''Mersal Arasan'' || ''[[Mersal (film)|Mersal]]'' || Tamil || [[A. R. Rahman]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|2019 || ''Kaatrae Kaatrae'' || ''[[July Kaatril]]'' || Tamil || [[Joshua Sridhar]]
|-
|''Anbin Vazhi''
|''[[Nenjamundu Nermaiyundu Odu Raja]]''
|Tamil
|[[Shabir]]
|-
|2021 || ''Little Little'' || ''[[Atrangi Re]]'' || Tamil || [[A. R. Rahman]]
|-
|2022
|''Vidiyal Thedum''
|''[[Ethirneechal (TV series)|Ethirneechal]]''
(TV series)
|rowspan="2"|Tamil
|rowspan="2"|Srinivas
|-
|2024
|''Vidiyal Thedum''
|''[[Ethirneechal (TV series)|Ethirneechal Thodargirathu]]''
(TV series)
|}

==Personal life==
She is married to Narayanan Kumar.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Srinivas, Sharanya}}
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil-language playback singers]]
[[Category:1991 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]

Builder Boys

2025-12-29T02:39:20Z

DexterEdmonson0: Made Initial Info W/ Refs!

{{Short description| 2024 film directed by Chanakya Patel}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Builder Boys
| image = Builder_Boys_Official_Poster.jpg
| caption = Official Poster
| director = Chanakya Patel
| producer = {{Plainlist|
*Neha Rajora
*Setu Kushal Patel
}}
| writer = Chanakya Patel
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Raunaq Kamdar]]
* Shivam Parekh
* [[Esha Kansara]]
}}
| cinematography = Aditya Sharma
| studio = {{Plainlist|
*Nine Muses Creations LLP
*White Elephant Films
}}
| distributor = Rupam Entertainment Pvt Ltd
| runtime = 122 minutes
| country = India
| language = Gujarati
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2024|07|05}}
}}

'''''Builder Boys''''' is a [[List of Gujarati films of 2024|2024]] [[Gujarati cinema|Gujarati]] comedy drama,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/builder-boys-makers-of-chabutro-return-with-a-new-comedy-film/articleshow/109395417.cms|title=Builder Boys': Makers of 'Chabutro' return with a new comedy film |newspaper= The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.abtakmedia.com/the-release-date-of-gujarati-film-builder-boys-full-of-comedy-and-friendship-has-been-announced|title=કોમેડી અને ફ્રેન્ડશીપથી ભરપૂર ગુજરાતી ફિલ્મ “બિલ્ડર બોયઝ”ની રીલીઝ ડેટ જાહેર |newspaper= Abtak Media}}</ref> directed and written by Chanakya Patel.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/builder-boys-trailer-chanakya-patels-film-promises-a-complete-entertainer/articleshow/110975766.cms|title= ‘Builder Boy’s trailer: Chanakya Patel’s film promises a complete entertainer |newspaper= The Times of India}}</ref> It stars [[Raunaq Kamdar]]<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/raunaq-kamdar-on-builder-boys-its-a-very-fresh-subject-and-a-special-oneexclusive/articleshow/109522586.cms | title= Raunaq Kamdar on Builder Boys: It’s a very fresh subject and a Special One – exclusive! |newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref> Shivam Parekh,<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.gujaratimidday.com/entertainment-news/dhollywood-news/article/builder-boys-trailer-release-raunaq-kamdar-and-shivam-parekh-upcoming-gujarati-comedy-film-set-to-release-on-july-5-221429 | title= ‘કૉમેડી અને લાફ્ટરનો ભરપૂર ડોઝ આપતી ગુજરાતી ફિલ્મ ‘બિલ્ડર બોઈઝ’નું ટ્રેલર રિલીઝ |newspaper=Gujarati Midday }}</ref> [[Esha Kansara]],<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/builder-boys-teaser-out-raunaq-kamdar-and-esha-kansara-starrer-promises-fun-filled-entertainment/articleshow/110604498.cms | title= ‘Builder Boys' teaser out! Raunaq Kamdar and Esha Kansara starrer promises fun-filled entertainment |newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref> and others. The film is produced by Neha Rajora, and Setu Kushal Patel. The film will be distributed by Rupam Entertainment Pvt Ltd.

== Plot ==
Two friends, a broker and a civil engineer, dream of becoming builders but lack funds and land. They seize an opportunity in an old residential building for redevelopment and try to win over the residents for the project. However, a superstitious real estate tycoon sees it as his lucky charm, complicating their plans.
== Cast ==
* [[Raunaq Kamdar]]
* Shivam Parekh
* [[Esha Kansara]]
* Shekhar Shukla
* Kalpana Gagdekar
* Sunil Vaghela
* Bhavini Jani
* Kuldip Shukla
* Premal Yagnik
* Hemin Trivedi
* Anshu Joshi
* Mamta Bhavsar
* Rudraksh nisiddh panchal

== Production ==
The film was shot at various locations in [[Ahmedabad]] [[Gujarat]]. Siddharth Amit Bhavsar has given the music in the film. The casting of the film has been done by Ekta Shah. The production has been designed by Chintan Rajnikant. The film has been edited by Neha Rajora.

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Builder Boys
| type = Album
| artist = Siddharth Amit Bhavsar
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|06|18}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = Nine Muse Creations LLP
| misc = {{External media | audio1 = https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/sapna-sapna-from-builder-boys/gCaa3Ewsy68_}}
}}

=== Tracklist ===
{{Track listing
| all_lyrics = [[Niren Bhatt]], Siddharth Amit Bhavsar
| all_music = Siddharth Amit Bhavsar
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 05:52
| title1 = Sapna Sapna
| extra1 = Raghav Kaushik & Siddharth Amit Bhavsar
| music1 = Siddharth Amit Bhavsar
| lyrics1 = [[Niren Bhatt]]
| length1 = 2:52
| title2 = Amasti Re
| extra2 = Siddharth Amit Bhavsar, [[Divya Kumar (singer)]], Madhubanti Bagchi
| music2 = Siddharth Amit Bhavsar
| lyrics2 = Siddharth Amit Bhavsar
| length2 = 3:00
}}

== Reception ==
Kanksha Vasavada of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated it 3.5 out of 5. She praised the "fresh concept", story and performances.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Builder Boys Movie Review : A fresh concept presented with entertaining performances |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/builder-boys/movie-review/111511381.cms |access-date=2024-08-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Rachna Joshi of ''[[Mid-Day]] Gujarati'' rated it 3 out of 5. She praised performances, story, direction and music but she criticised slow first half and [[Montage (filmmaking)|montage]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-05 |title=‘Builder Boys’ Review: Raunaq Kamdar, Shivam Parekh, Esha Kansara starrer film different subject with good acting performance {{!}} ‘Builder Boys’ Review: નવા કન્સ્ટ્રક્શનની દિવાલો ભલે પાતળી, બિલ્ડર્સ દમદાર |url=https://www.gujaratimidday.com/entertainment-news/dhollywood-news/article/builder-boys-review-raunaq-kamdar-shivam-parekh-esha-kansara-starrer-film-different-subject-with-good-acting-performance-222840 |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=www.gujaratimidday.com |language=gu}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Gujarati films of 2024]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|32152041}}

[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Gujarat]]
[[Category:2020s Gujarati-language films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]

The Illuminated

2025-12-14T17:04:00Z

DexterEdmonson0: created post

{{Short description|2021 novel by Anindita Ghose}}
{{Infobox book
| name = The Illuminated
| author = Anindita Ghose
| language = English
| country = India
| publisher = [[HarperCollins]]
| media_type = Print (hardcover)
| cover_artist =
| isbn = 9354227252
| image = File:The_Illuminated.jpg
| caption =
| series =
| release_date =
| pages = 312
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| awards =
| pub_date = 2021
| website = {{url|https://aninditaghose.com}}
| genres = Literary Fiction
}}
'''''The Illuminated''''' is the debut novel by Mumbai writer [[Anindita Ghose]]. It was published by 4th Estate [[HarperCollins]] in July 2021 in India<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://harpercollins.co.in/blog/announcements/harpercollins-india-is-proud-to-announce-the-acquisition-of-an-extraordinary-first-novel-the-illuminated-by-anindita-ghose/|title=HarperCollins India is proud to announce the acquisition of an extraordinary first novel The Illuminated by Anindita Ghose|date=16 December 2020|website=HarperCollins Publishers India|access-date=11 December 2022}}</ref> and by [[Bloomsbury Publishing|Head of Zeus]] ([[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury]]) in January 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thewritingdesk.net/anindita-ghose|title=Anindita Ghose|website=The Writing Desk|accessdate=11 December 2022}}</ref>

== Summary ==
The novel explores the relationships between a mother and her daughter and the men in their lives, set against the backdrop of religious fundamentalism in India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anima |first=P. |date=2021-08-13 |title=The illuminated and a new way of seeing |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/read/the-illuminated-and-a-new-way-of-seeing/article35891383.ece |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=www.thehindubusinessline.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
The novel received some favourable reviews<ref>{{Cite news |title=Micro review: 'The Illuminated' by Anindita Ghose - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/reviews/micro-review-the-illuminated-by-anindita-ghose/articleshow/87643679.cms |access-date=2022-08-16 |website=The Times of India |date=12 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref> and was featured on fiction lists by ''The Telegraph'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/lifestyle/books-that-made-us-sail-through-2021/cid/1844942|title=Books that made us sail through 2021|website=www.telegraphindia.com|accessdate=11 December 2022}}</ref> ''The Times of India,''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/features/noteworthy-books-by-indian-authors-in-2021-you-must-read-this-new-year/photostory/88734036.cms|title=Noteworthy books by Indian authors in 2021 you must read this New Year|date=6 January 2022|website=The Times of India|access-date=11 December 2022}}</ref>''GQ India''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gqindia.com/get-smart/content/gqs-best-indian-fiction-list-2021|title=GQ's best Indian fiction of 2021: 21 novels that define this wild year|date=28 September 2021|website=GQ India|access-date=11 December 2022}}</ref> and ''Harper's Bazaar Australia''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=English |first=Alexandra |date=2023-01-30 |title=Best New Books To Read In February 2023 |url=https://harpersbazaar.com.au/february-2023-new-books/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=Harper's Bazaar Australia |language=en-US}}</ref>

In [[Irish Independent|''The Irish Independent'']], Anne Cunningham called it "An extremely elegant work, an interesting take on the universality of feminism from a uniquely Indian perspective."<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Illuminated is an elegant take on the universality of feminism |url=https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/books/book-reviews/the-illuminated-is-an-elegant-take-on-the-universality-of-feminism-42316559.html |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=independent |date=29 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref> ''[[The Straits Times]]'' called it a nuanced exploration of grief and identity.<ref>{{Cite web |last=cue |date=2023-02-04 |title=Book review: The Illuminated is a nuanced exploration of grief and identity {{!}} The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/life/arts/book-review-the-illuminated-is-a-nuanced-exploration-of-grief-and-identity |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=www.straitstimes.com |language=en}}</ref> The ''[[Scroll.in]]'' reviewed it as "perfectly timed."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Saloni |title='The Illuminated': A novel that puts grieving and women's agency in conversation with each other |url=https://scroll.in/article/1001625/the-illuminated-a-novel-that-puts-grieving-and-womens-agency-in-conversation-with-each-other |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=Scroll.in |date=August 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> ''[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]'' described it as "audacious and assured."<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Personal & the Political {{!}} Book Review — The Illuminated: A Novel by Anindita Ghose |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/the-personal-the-political-book-review-the-illuminated-a-novel-by-anindita-ghose/2314926/ |access-date=2022-08-16 |website=Financialexpress |date=22 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref> ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote in their review: "This book is also about loneliness in marriage, liberation in widowhood, sexual exploitation in academia, women in politics, and the confusing nature of desire, and the heartbreak of families spread out over continents."<ref>{{Cite web |title='The Illuminated' book review: Many shades of grief |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/lifestyle/books/2021/nov/14/the-illuminated-book-review-many-shades-of-grief-2382564.html |access-date=2022-08-16 |website=The New Indian Express|date=13 November 2021 }}</ref>

Vangmayi Parakala in ''[[The Asian Age]]'' was critical and said: "The Illuminated tries too hard to be ‘The Novel of its Times’", concluding "the book is unable to give each one their duly deserved space for real depth or nuance."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Parakala |first=Vangmayi |date=2021-08-29 |title=Book Review {{!}} Finely rendered study of grief offset by predictable politics |url=https://www.asianage.com/books/280821/vangmayi-parakala-finely-rendered-study-of-grief-offset-by-predictable-politics.html |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=The Asian Age}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Illuminated}}
[[Category:2021 debut novels]]
[[Category:2021 Indian novels]]
[[Category:Novels about religion]]
[[Category:Fiction about mother–daughter relationships]]

Asha Rani (politician)

2025-12-14T16:54:35Z

DexterEdmonson0: creating details

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
'''Asha Rani''' is an Indian politician<ref name=tt>{{cite news
| title = MP don Bhaiya Raja's wife BJP MLA Asha Rani gets 10 year jail for killing maid | author = Anurag Upadhyay | publisher = India TV news | url = http://www.indiatvnews.com/crime/news/mp-don-bhaiya-raja-wife-bjp-mla-asha-rani-gets-10-year-jail-4257.html | date = 31 Oct 2013}}
The wife of Bhopal gangster Bhaiya Raja, BJP MLA Asha Rani was today
sentenced to 10 years rigorous imprisonment by a local session court on
charge of killing her maid Tijji Bai.
</ref> affiliated to the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. She was a member of the [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]] until her conviction on charges of abduction<ref name=ht>
{{cite news
|title=Now, all eyes on the trial of Tijji Bai death case
|publisher=Hindustan Times (Bhopal)
|url=http://paper.hindustantimes.com/epaper/viewer.aspx
|date=31 May 2013
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140608140626/http://paper.hindustantimes.com/epaper/viewer.aspx
|archivedate=2014-06-08
}}She had been raped and kept as bonded labourer and was not allowed to venture
out.
</ref> a woman who worked as her family's maid and abetment in her death by burning.<ref>
{{cite news
| title = Tijji Bai murder case: BJP MLA Asharani's bail plea rejected
| publisher = Bhaskar News
| url = http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/MP-BHO-tijji-bai-murder-case-bjp-mla-asharanis-bail-plea-rejected-1945449.html
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140407054626/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/MP-BHO-tijji-bai-murder-case-bjp-mla-asharanis-bail-plea-rejected-1945449.html
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 7 April 2014
| date = 18 Mar 2011
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/bjp-mla-joins-exmla-husband-in-jail-for-forcing-slave-to-kill-herself/article5303119.ece|title=BJP MLA joins ex-MLA husband in jail for forcing slave to kill herself|author=Staff Reporter|date=1 November 2013|accessdate=29 May 2018|website=Thehindu.com}}</ref>

She was elected from [[Bijawar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bijawar]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]] seat in the [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election 2008|2008 state assembly elections]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eci.gov.in/nov08/trend_mp.asp |title=Election Commission of India |accessdate=2008-12-08 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211061502/http://www.eci.gov.in/nov08/trend_mp.asp |archivedate=11 December 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://search.eci.gov.in/ae_2008e/pollupd/ac/states/s12/aconst51.htm |title=State Elections 2008 - Constituency wise detail for 51-Chhatarpur Constituency of Madhya Pradesh |accessdate=2008-12-08 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211074554/http://search.eci.gov.in/ae_2008e/pollupd/ac/states/s12/aconst51.htm |archivedate=11 December 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merinews.com/catFull.jsp?articleID=147932|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130128113801/http://www.merinews.com/catFull.jsp?articleID=147932|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 January 2013|title=BJP names 12 candidates for MP elections, replaces 2|website=Merinews.com|accessdate=29 May 2018}}</ref><ref>[http://search.eci.gov.in/ae_2008e/pollupd/ac/states/S12/Acnstcand52.htm]{{dead link|date=October 2016|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://search.eci.gov.in/ae_2008e/pollupd/ac/states/S12/Aconst52.htm |title=State Elections 2008 - Constituency wise detail for 52-Bijawar Constituency of Madhya Pradesh |accessdate=2008-12-08 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211074559/http://search.eci.gov.in/ae_2008e/pollupd/ac/states/s12/aconst52.htm |archivedate=11 December 2008 }}</ref>

==Tijji Bai abduction and death==
Her husband [[Ashok Veer Vikram Singh]], a former [[Samajwadi Party]] member of the state assembly and a strongarm politician, had abducted Tijji and brought her to Bhopal where she became a bonded labourer.<ref name=ht/>

In 2007, Tijji Bai set herself aflame. The incident became well known when neighbours saw her in flames, but instead of running around she was sitting quietly.<ref name=ht/> Though a charge was registered, it was not followed up.

In May 2013, her husband was convicted in a murder case.<ref>
{{cite news
| title = Former Madhya Pradesh MLA Bhaiya Raja, 4 others get life sentence in murder case
| author = Ankur Sirothia
| publisher = Times of India
| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/Former-Madhya-Pradesh-MLA-Bhaiya-Raja-4-others-get-life-sentence-in-murder-case/articleshow/20363247.cms
| date = 31 May 2013
}}</ref> Subsequently, the Tijji-Bai case was investigated, and Asha Rani was charged. She then went into hiding for several months.<ref>
{{cite news
| title = BJP MLA held in maid suicide case
| author = Milind Ghatwai
| publisher = Indian Express
| url = http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/bjp-mla-held-in-maid-suicide-case/757980/
| date = 5 Mar 2011
}}</ref> When she was about to lose her state assembly seat for missing sessions for 60 days, she emerged to attend the assembly and was arrested.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/BJP-MLA-arrested-in-suicide-case/article14934985.ece|title=BJP MLA arrested in suicide case|date=5 March 2011|accessdate=29 May 2018|website=Thehindu.com}}</ref> She was convicted in 2013 and sentenced to ten years in jail. She was disqualified as a member of the legislative assembly under the provisions of the [[Representation of the People Act (India)|Representation of the People Act]] which disqualifies those who has been convicted under certain laws. She was the first legislator from the state and the first female legislator in the country to be disqualified under the law.<ref name=tt/><ref name="The Pioneer 2015">{{cite web | title=BJP MLA, Bhaiya Raja get 10-yr in jail | website=The Pioneer | date=1 February 2015 | url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhopal/bjp-mla-bhaiya-raja-get-10-yr-in-jail.html | accessdate=1 February 2015}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rani, Asha}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Chhatarpur district]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian politicians disqualified from office]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Women members of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

Jonita Doda

2025-12-14T11:48:39Z

DexterEdmonson0: Created the data needs work

{{Short description|Indian actress, filmmaker and entrepreneur}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Jonita Doda
| image = JONITA DODA ACTRESS.jpg
| birth_place = [[Chandigarh]], [[India]]
| occupation = Actress, Director & Entrepreneur
| notable_works = Mumbai Mist
Salmon 3D
Heer Unstoppable (2017)
India the Golden Sparrow (Documentary)
| parents = Inderjit Doda and Jaswinder Doda
| awards = * Life Achievers Award (2023)
* Moonwhite Films International Film Fest - MWFIFF (2021)
* TSR-TV9 National Film Award (2019)
* 3rd Global summit business awards (2019)
| website = [https://jonitadoda.com/ Official Website]
}}
'''Jonita Doda''' (also known as Juanita Doda) is an Indian actress, filmmaker, and entrepreneur. She is recognized for her roles in regional and [[Hindi cinema]] and the fashion industry. Doda is the co-founder of both Chandigarh Fashion Week and Neonwale, a neon sign company.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2024 |title=Chandigarh Girl Jonita Doda is enjoying the new entertainment space that allows her to explore diverse narratives, not just as an actor but also as a director and producer |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/chandigarh-girl-jonita-doda-is-enjoying-the-new-entertainment-space-that-allows-her-to-explore-diverse-narratives-not-just-as-an-actor-but-also-as-a-director-and-producer-522277/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-29 |title=‘Salmon 3D’ actress Jonita Doda: ‘Feels excited to be a part of India’s first 3D romantic film’- Exclusive |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/salmon-3d-actress-jonita-doda-feels-excited-to-be-a-part-of-indias-first-3d-romantic-film-exclusive/articleshow/101366891.cms |access-date=2024-08-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vipin |first=Manu |date=2023-06-22 |title=Working with Vijay Yesudas was an absolute joy: Jonita Doda |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2023/Jun/22/working-with-vijay-yesudas-was-an-absolute-joy-jonita-doda-50200.html |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=Indulgexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jonita Doda wins over internet with new romantic single on Valentine’s Day |url=https://www.babushahi.com/view-news.php?id=115959&headline=Jonita-Doda%C2%A0wins-over-internet-with-new-romantic-single-on-Valentine%E2%80%99s-Day |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=www.babushahi.com}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Doda was born in [[Chandigarh]], [[India]], to Inderjit Doda and Jaswinder Doda. She was raised in a culturally diverse household that bridged Hindu and Sikh traditions.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-17 |title=Actress Jonita Doda wishes for peace and harmony on Ram Navami says," I want Lord Rama to save us!" - Exclusive |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/actress-jonita-doda-wishes-for-peace-and-harmony-on-ram-navami-says-i-want-lord-rama-to-save-us-exclusive/articleshow/109368628.cms |access-date=2024-08-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Career ==
Doda began her acting career during her senior school years with the romantic comedy ''Dil Bechara Pyar Ka Maara''. After completing her MBA, she fully committed to acting in the [[Cinema of South India|South Indian film industry]] with ''Minchu'' (2010), a remake of a successful Tamil movie [[Thimiru]]. She starred in [[Punjabi cinema]] in the movie ''Chak Jawana''(2010), alongside [[Gurdas Maan|Gurdas Mann]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jaffer |first=Askari |date=2023-06-30 |title=Actress Jonita Doda opens up about her character in ‘Salmon 3D’ |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/featured/women/actress-jonita-doda-opens-up-about-her-character-in-salmon-3d-806381 |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

In 2017, she directed and played the lead role in the short film ''Heer Unstoppable'', which earned her the Best Director award at PCIFF. That same year, she also starred in ''Where Has the Time Gone (Mumbai Mist)''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2017-09-25 |title=Jonita Doda Wins Best Director for Heer Unstoppable |url=https://pollywoodboxoffice.com/jonita-doda-wins-best/ |access-date=2024-08-29 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Doda has been the face of Amul Cheese and Kalaniketan and has appeared in many commercials.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Network |first=Pollywood Boxoffice |date=2015-03-06 |title=JONITA DODA-AT A GLANCE - |url=https://pollywoodboxoffice.com/jonita-doda-at-a-glance/ |access-date=2024-09-02 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Television appearances ==
In addition to her film work, Doda served as a celebrity judge on the reality TV show ''Miss PTC Punjabi (2022)'', a beauty contest that has been running for over 14 years.

== Cine Valley Productions ==
Doda is also the founder of Cine Valley Productions, under which she has produced various films and projects.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actress Jonita Doda talks about film industry, disaster management |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=1177176 |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=www.daijiworld.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bajwa |first=Sukhpal |title=I play a brave girl in Yamley Jatt Yamley: Jontia Doda |url=https://punjabimania.com/post/i-play-a-brave-girl-in-yamley-jatt-yamley-jontia-doda/ |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=Punjabi Mania |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2024 |title=Being responsible |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/life-style/being-responsible-68205/}}</ref>

=== Filmography ===
Source:<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajaraman |first=Kaushik |date=2023-07-09 |title=I love the way south films tell stories to the audience: Jonita Doda |url=https://www.dtnext.in/news/cinema/i-love-the-way-south-films-tell-stories-to-the-audience-jonita-doda-723136?infinitescroll=1 |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=www.dtnext.in |language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Film Title
!Role
!Language
|-
|2010
|''Minchu''
|Lead
|Kannada
|-
|2010
|''Chak Jawana''
|Lead
|Punjabi
|-
|2012
|''Yamley Jatt Yamley''
|Lead
|Punjabi
|-
|2011
|''[[Yaara o Dildaara|Yaara O Dildara]]''
|Lead
|Punjabi
|-
|2015
|''Patta Patta Singhan Da Vairi''
|Lead
|Punjabi
|-
|2017
|''Heer Unstoppable''
|Lead
|Hindi/Punjabi
|-
|2017
|''Where Has the Time Gone''
|Lead
|Hindi
|-
|2023
|''Salmon 3D''
|Lead
|Tamil
|-
|2024
|''Kirayenama''
|Lead
|Hindi
|}
Her film ''Mumbai Mist'', directed by [[Madhur Bhandarkar]], received a standing ovation at the BRICS Film Festival. Her role in the song ''Kadhal En Kaviye'' from ''[[Salmon 3D]]'' became highly popular.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-21 |title=Actress Jonita Doda opens up about working with Vijay Yesudas in ‘Salmon 3D’ |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/actress-jonita-doda-opens-up-about-working-with-vijay-yesudas-in-salmon-3d/articleshow/101161507.cms |access-date=2024-08-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

=== Directing ===
Doda made her directorial debut with the short film ''Heer Unstoppable'' (2017), which earned her the Best Director award at the PCIFF and was officially selected on many international film festivals.

== Entrepreneurship ==
Doda co-founded Chandigarh Fashion Week, a platform that promotes the latest trends in luxury, fashion and supports emerging designers and artisans & handicraft. She is also the co-founder of Neonwale, a neon sign company, with her brother Harshdeep Doda.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-30 |title='My brother isn't just a sibling, but a confidant and an unwavering companion’, Jonita Doda’s Raksha Bandhan reflection - Exclusive |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/my-brother-isnt-just-a-sibling-but-a-confidant-and-an-unwavering-companion-jonita-dodas-raksha-bandhan-reflection-exclusive/articleshow/103207004.cms |access-date=2024-08-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Environmental activism ==
Doda has directed the documentary ''India the Golden Sparrow – Disaster Risk Reduction'', which is officially selected at 4 International Film Festival. Recently, she was invited to Russia by the Save and Preserve Festival and Organization to speak on environmental issues, an event that was covered by [[Russia-1|Russia 1]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2024 |title=Actress Jonita Doda talks about film industry, disaster management |url=https://ianslive.in/actress-jonita-doda-talks-about-film-industry-disaster-management--20240320174235 |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=ianslive.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-08 |title=Women’s Day special: Jonita Doda: It's not about proving superiority; it's about celebrating the essence, strength, and beauty inherent in all genders - Exclusive |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/womens-day-special-jonita-doda-its-not-about-proving-superiority-its-about-celebrating-the-essence-strength-and-beauty-inherent-in-all-genders-exclusive/articleshow/108324102.cms |access-date=2024-08-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ACTOR-MODEL JONITA DODA INAUGURATES CITY’S FIRST ALL WOMEN TATTOO STUDIO IN SECTOR 8 |url=https://www.face2news.com/news/91309-actor-model-jonita-doda-inaugurates-city%E2%80%99s-first-all-women-tattoo-studio-in-sector-8.aspx |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=www.face2news.com}}</ref>

== Philanthropy and social initiatives ==
Doda organized medical camps in slum areas, supporting cultural programs for individuals with physical disabilities, and advocating for AIDS awareness, anti-drug campaigns, and the fight against female infanticide.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-23 |title=Jonita Doda shares awe for Chandrayaan-3: A historic leap for India and humanity |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/jonita-doda-shares-awe-for-chandrayaan-3-a-historic-leap-for-india-and-humanity/articleshow/102987401.cms |access-date=2024-08-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In 2023, Doda participated in the [[Bharat Jodo Yatra]] being with [[Rahul Gandhi]].

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.instagram.com/jonitadoda/ Instagram]
* {{IMDb name}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Doda, Jonita}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian women film directors]]
[[Category:Actresses from Chandigarh]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Punjabi cinema]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]

Akbari architecture

2025-11-25T12:22:27Z

DexterEdmonson0: small changes

{{refimprove|date=July 2019}}
{{multiple image|perrow=1/1/2|total_width=300|caption_align=center
| title = AKBARi Architecture
| image1 = Elephant-shaped column brackets at Lahore Fort.jpg|caption1=The use of elephant-shaped column brackets in buildings of the [[Lahore Fort]] reflects [[Hindu temple architecture|Hindu influences]] on Mughal Architecture during the reign of [[Akbar]]. Islam forbids [[Aniconism in Islam|representation of living figures]].
| image2 = Fatehpur1.jpg|caption2=The "Akbar" style of architecture, an example of which is this building, the Naubat Khana in [[Fatehpur Sikri]], [[Agra, India]].
| image3 = AkabrMausoleumGate.jpg|caption3=One of the gates of Akbar's Tomb at Sikandra, which shows the amalgam of Islamic fractal geometric patterns and central arch with the Indian style roof pavilions.
| image4 = SikandraArch.jpg|caption4=The architecture of Akbar's tomb is reminiscent of other "Akbari" buildings, a style which died a slow death subsequently under the auspices of his son and grandson respectively.
}}
''' Akbar’s architecture''' refers to the style of [[Indo-Islamic architecture]] conceived during the reign of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Emperor [[Akbar]] using elite Indic architectural vocabulary. His successors further added to this style, leading to the unique and individualistic style of [[Mughal architecture]]. Some examples of this style are [[Humayun's Tomb]], which was the first of a long succession of garden-tombs (and a predecessor of the [[Taj Mahal]]), the [[Agra Fort]], the [[Allahabad Fort]], the [[Lahore Fort]], the abandoned city of [[Fatehpur Sikri]] and [[Akbar's Tomb|Akbar's own tomb]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/art/Akbar-period-architecture|title=Akbar period architecture {{!}} Indian architecture|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2018-12-31}}</ref>

Fusion of Indian and Islamic features as multiplicity

==History of the style==
Akbar was the third Mughal Emperor and also the architect of the Mughal Empire in India. Although he was illiterate, Akbar showed a profound interest in Literature and the Arts. That, coupled with his pride and curiosity of his [[Timur]]id ancestry and the desire to embrace India as a native country, were the beginnings of his religious and design philosophies.

In its essence, the style consisted of a synthesis of earlier styles, Hindu/Jain/Buddhist and Persian/Timurid. [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak]], Akbar's court chronicler, and one of his 'Navratnas' or nine gems of his court, describes the architects and designers as lofty minded mathematicians and says the Emperor's style of architecture was understandable only to the scientifically oriented.

The artisans who migrated with his father from [[Safavid Empire|Persia]] brought in their styles, which mingled with the indigenous styles of India. The lavish use of red sandstone sought to minimize the stylistic clashes consequent to the mixing of these disparate elements. All these buildings reflected Akbar's design and architectural philosophy. This is the "Akbari" style of architecture

For example, Akbar's tomb, though Islamic in spirit, is a blend of styles. The magnificent entrance, use of exquisite patterns, excellent jaali work (intricately perforated decorative stone screens), fine Persian style calligraphy, the [[charbagh]] garden layout (four-quartered garden layout, with the main building at the center), etc., are representative of Islamic influence. On the other hand, the absence of a dome, use of [[chhatri]]s (small domed canopies, supported by pillars), tiers of airy pavilions, etc., reflect a local influence, which are also found in the buildings built by Akbar in Agra Fort and Fatehpur Sikri.

As with all the other administrative and political aspects of Akbar's imperial career, it was [[Sher Shah Suri]]'s architecture that he drew inspiration from. Suri architecture was a continuation of the older Lodi Style.

==See also==
* [[Shah Jahani architecture]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Mughal architecture| ]]
[[Category:Akbar]]

Sree Chakrapani Temple, Thrikaripur

2025-11-22T13:20:18Z

DexterEdmonson0: created new place

{{for|Temple in Tamil Nadu|Chakrapani Temple}}
{{Infobox temple
| name = Sree Chakrapani Temple
| image = Chakrapani temple festival 2022 8.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Chakrapani temple in 2022, during a festival time
| country = {{flag|India}}
| state = [[Kerala]]
| map_type = India Kerala#India#Asia
| map_size = 250
| coordinates = {{coord|12.1305994|N|75.1758572|E|display=inline,title}}
| district =
| location = [[Thrikaripur]] in [[Kasaragod district]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Vishnu]]
| architecture = [[Architecture of Kerala|Kerala architecture]]
| inscriptions =
| temple_board =
| creator =
| website =
}}
{{Hinduism}}
{{Vaishnavism}}
'''Sree Chakrapani Temple''' is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to [[Vishnu]], located at [[Thrikaripur]] in [[Kasaragod district]] of [[Kerala]], India. According to myths, the temple was built by [[Parashurama]]. It is also one of the temples in Kerala with historical significance. Although the exact age of the temple is not known, [[Tamil inscriptions]] here state that the temple was rebuilt in the [[Malayalam calendar|Malayalam year]] 410 (1235 CE).

==Historical significance==
It is also one of the temples with historical significance, believed to have been installed by [[Parashurama]] himself as ''Shatru Samharamurti'' (destroyer of enemies).<ref name="Hindu">{{cite news |title=Awaiting a new lease of life |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/awaiting-a-new-lease-of-life/article4581226.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=4 April 2013 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

It is said that even when [[Tipu Sultan]]'s army destroyed many Hindu temples in [[North Malabar]], his army could not reach the temple here.<ref name="Hindu"/> Legend has it that Tipu's army that came to attack the temple was chased away by a herd of elephants.<ref name="Hindu"/>

===Tamil Inscriptions===
Inscriptions carved on the walls of the [[garbhagriha]] and the [[prakaram]] are in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], which clearly indicates that Tamil was once the predominant language spoken in these regions.<ref name="Hindu"/> Historians like M.R. Raghava Warrier say that the temple's 'Sanskritized' Tamil script indicates the presence of [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava cult]] in northern Kerala as well.<ref name="Hindu2">{{cite news |title=Vaishnava cult presence traced in north Kerala |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/vaishnava-cult-presence-traced-in-north-kerala/article7650492.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=13 September 2015 |language=en-IN}}</ref> Although the exact age of the temple is not known, inscriptions here state that the temple was rebuilt in the [[Malayalam calendar|Malayalam year]] 410 (1235 CE), [[Makara (month)|Makaram]] 27.<ref name="Hindu2"/>

==Deity==
The temple is dedicated to [[Vishnu]]. Chakra Pani meaning "the one who holds [[Sudarshana Chakra|chakra]] in his hand" is another name of Vishnu. It is believed that the four-armed Vishnu idol was consecrated here by [[Parashurama]].<ref name="Malayala Manorama"/> [[Ganesha|Lord Ganapati]], Vanashastha and [[Durga]] are the sub deities here.<ref name="Malayala Manorama"/>

==Temple ponds==
[[File:Outside pond of Sri Chakrapani Temple, Thrikkarippur.jpg|thumb|Outside pond of Sri Chakrapani Temple]]
The lotus pond where the holy bath as part of the festival are held is one acre and the large pond on the east side of the road is 90 cents.<ref name="The Times of India">{{cite news |title=ഇവിടെ മുങ്ങിക്കുളിച്ചാല്‍ ത്വക്ക് രോഗങ്ങള്‍ ഇല്ലാതാകും; പ്രശസ്തമായ ചക്രപാണി ക്ഷേത്രക്കുളത്തിന്‍റെ ഇന്നത്തെ അവസ്ഥ ഇതാണ് |url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/local-news/kasaragod/report-on-trikaripur-chakrapani-temple-pond/articleshow/89346111.cms |work=Samayam Malayalam |publisher=[[The Times of India]] |language=ml}}</ref>

==Myths==
===Salvation of Gajendra===
According to myths, a [[Pandya dynasty|Pandya]] king named 'Indradyumna' who was cursed by sage [[Agastya]] turned into an elephant named 'Gajendra' and a [[Gandharva]] named 'Huhu' who was cursed by [[Deva (Hinduism)|Devas]] turned into a crocodile.<ref name="Malayala Manorama">{{cite news |title=പ്രതിസന്ധികളിൽ നിന്ന് മോചനം ലഭിക്കാൻ ഈ ക്ഷേത്രദർശനം |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/astrology/astro-news/2021/09/03/significance-of-trikaripur-chakrapani-temple.html |work=www.manoramaonline.com |publisher=[[Malayala Manorama]] |language=ml}}</ref> The crocodile bit the leg of the 'Gajendra' that came down to the lotus pond (chira) for bathing.<ref name="Malayala Manorama"/> Unable to reach the shore, the elephant picked up a lotus flower from the pond and prayed to the Lord Vishnu. Then Lord Vishnu arrived sitting on [[Garuda]] came and saved the elephant by cutting off the head of the crocodile with his [[Sudarshana Chakra]].<ref name="Malayala Manorama"/> It is believed that they both got salvation immediately, with the blessings of Vishnu. This is the legend related to this temple.<ref name="Malayala Manorama"/>

People who pray here believe that Lord Vishnu will come as their savior when crises bite their legs like a crocodile.<ref name="Malayala Manorama"/>

===Myth related to Vilwamangalam===
There is also a legend that [[Vilwamangalam Swamiyar|Vilwamangalam Swami]] performed bhajans here on the basis of [[Guruvayurappan]]'s advice to attain salvation.<ref name="Malayala Manorama"/>

===Beliefs related to the pond===
There are also beliefs related to the temple pond which is believed to be the place where Gajendra attained salvation. There is a belief among devotes that bathing in this pool will cure skin diseases.<ref name="The Times of India"/> So many people come to take a dip in the pond as a prayer.<ref name="The Times of India"/>

==Location==
Sri Chakrapani Temple is located at [[Thrikaripur]] in Kasaragod district, on the Thankayam-Ilampachi road, about 5 km north of [[Payyanur|Payyannur]] in [[Kannur district]] and 3 km south of Thrikaripur town.<ref name="keralatourism">{{cite web |title=Sree Chakrapani Temple {{!}}Temples in Kasaragod {{!}} Kerala Temple Architecture |url=https://www.keralatourism.org/temples/kasaragod/chakrapani |website=www.keralatourism.org |publisher=Department of Tourism, [[Government of Kerala]] |language=en}}</ref> Nearest railway station is [[Thrikaripur railway station]] and nearest bus station is Thrikaripur bus station.

==Annual festival==
[[File:Chakrapani temple festival 2022.jpg|thumb|As part of the festival in 2022, the idol of the Lord is carried on an elephant]]
The seven-day annual festival at Sri Chakrapani Temple is celebrated in the [[Malayalam calendar|Malayalam month]] of [[Makara (month)|Makaram]] (Mid-March – Mid-April). The festival starts on the day in which [[Shatabhisha|Chathayam nakshathra]] come in the month of Makaram and ends on [[Rohini (nakshatra)|Rohini nakshathra]] day in Makaram.

==Current conditions==
Due to age, the temple also suffered a lot of damage. Following this, money was collected from devotees to rebuild the dilapidated temple. The temple shrine was renovated in 2012, at a cost of 10 million rupees.<ref>{{cite news |title=ക്ഷേത്രങ്ങള്‍ മനുഷ്യനന്മക്കും പുരോഗതിക്കും-സ്വാമി വിശ്വേശ തീര്‍ഥ |url=https://www.kasargodvartha.com/kasaragod/chakrapani-temple-fund-collectionhtml/cid13867253.htm |work=KasargodVartha: Kasaragod News paper Live, Kannur, Mangalore, Malabar ചുറ്റുവട്ടം കാസർഗോഡ് വാർത്തകൾ |date=10 March 2012 |language=ml}}</ref>

The centuries-old temple pond, which never dries up even in hot summers, is deteriorating without protection.<ref name="The Times of India"/> The old stone steps are broken and destroyed.<ref name="Malayala Manorama2">{{cite news |title=നവീകരണം കാത്ത് താമരക്കുളം |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/district-news/kasargod/2022/07/31/kasargod-temple-pond.html |work=www.manoramaonline.com |publisher=[[Malayala Manorama]] |language=ml}}</ref> The area of the ponds has been greatly reduced due to landslides on all four sides.<ref name="The Times of India"/><ref name="Malayala Manorama2"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Vishnu temples in Kerala]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Kasaragod district]]

Okha–Nathdwara Express

2025-11-19T04:38:43Z

DexterEdmonson0: creating article

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Okha - Nathdwara Express
| image =
| image_width =
| caption =
| type = [[Superfast Express trains in India|Express]]
| locale =
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2013|09|28}}
| last =
| operator = [[Western Railway zone]]
| ridership =
| start = {{rws|Okha}} ('''OKHA''')
| stops = 18
| end = {{rws|Nathdwara}} ('''NDT''')
| distance = {{convert|1137|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 22 hours 45 mins
| frequency = Weekly {{efn|Runs one day in a week for every direction.}}
| class = First class, AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper Class, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = On-board Catering E-Catering
| observation = [[LHB coach]]
| entertainment = No
| baggage = No
| other facilities= Below the seats
| stock = 2
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| electrification =
| trainnumber = 19575/19576
| speed = {{convert|56|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, including halts
| map =
| map_state =
}}

The 19575/19576 '''Okha - Nathdwara Express''' is an [[Superfast Express trains in India|express]] train belonging to [[Western Railway zone]] that runs between [[Okha railway station|Okha]] and [[Nathdwara railway station|Nathdwara]] in [[India]]. It is currently being operated with 19575/19576 train numbers on a weekly basis.<ref>[http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/ahmedabad/civic/1-Injured-31-Trains-disrupted-as-portion-of-Khokhra-Railway-bridge-collapses/articleshow/49210387.cms 1 Injured, 31 Trains disrupted as portion of Khokhra Railway bridge collapses]</ref><ref>[http://www.wr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&dcd=2884&id=0,4,268 Trains of Ahmedabad Division Diverted.Short treminated]</ref>

== Service==

The 19575/'''Okha - Nathdwara Express''' has an average speed of 51 km/h and covers 1137 km in 22 hrs 20 mins.

The 19576/'''Nathdwara - Okha Express''' has an average speed of 49 km/h and covers 1137 km in 23 hrs 10 mins.

==Schedule==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Train Number !! Station Code !! Departure Station !! Departure Time !! Departure Day !! Arrival Station !! Arrival Time !! Arrival Day
|-
| 19575 || OKHA || [[Okha railway station|Okha]] || 7:30 AM || SAT || [[Nathdwara railway station|Nathdwara]] || 5:50 AM || SUN
|-
| 19576 || NDT || [[Nathdwara railway station|Nathdwara]] || 9:40 PM || SUN || [[Okha railway station|Okha]] || 8:50 PM || MON
|}

== Route and halts ==

The important halts of the train are:

* {{rws|Okha}}
* {{rws|Dwarka}}
* {{rws|Jamnagar}}
* {{rws|Rajkot Junction}}
* {{rws|Wankaner Junction}}
* {{rws|Surendranagar Junction}}
* {{rws|Ahmedabad Junction}}
* {{rws|Nadiad Junction}}
* {{rws|Anand Junction}}
* {{rws|Chhayapuri||Chhayapuri (Vadodara)}}
* {{rws|Godhra Junction}}
* {{rws|Dahod}}
* {{rws|Ratlam Junction}}
* {{rws|Mandsaur}}
* {{rws|Neemuch}}
* {{rws|Chittaurgarh Junction}}
* {{rws|Mavli Junction}}
* {{rws|Nathdwara}}

==Coach composite==

The train has standard ICF rakes with max speed of 110 kmph. The train consists of 17 coaches :

* 1 AC II Tier
* 2 AC III Tier
* 6 Sleeper Coaches
* 6 General Unreserved
* 2 Seating cum Luggage Rake

== Traction==

Both trains are hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Vadodara|Vadodara Loco Shed]] based [[WAP 4E|WAP-4E]] electric locomotive from [[Okha, Gujarat|Okha]] to [[Nathdwara]] and vice versa.

== Rake sharing ==

The train shares its rake with 22939/22940 [[Okha - Bilaspur Superfast Express]].

== Direction reversal==

Train reverses its direction at:

* {{rws|Mavli Junction}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== See also ==

* [[Okha railway station]]
* [[Nathdwara railway station]]
* [[Hapa - Bilaspur Superfast Express]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/22112 19575/Okha - Nathdwara Express]
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/22113 19576/Nathdwara - Okha Express]

{{Railways in Western India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Okha - Nathdwara Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Okha]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2013]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Bairi Sal

2025-11-13T21:35:39Z

DexterEdmonson0: creating a details

{{Short description|Rawal of Samode, Chief Minister of Jaipur, Regent of Jaipur}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}

'''Bairi Sal''' was the [[Rawal (title)|Rawal]] of [[Samode (estate)|Samode]], [[Prime minister|Prime Minister]] of [[Kingdom of Amber|Jaipur]] from 1818 to 1823 and [[regent]] of [[Kingdom of Amber|Jaipur]] from 1836 until his death in 1838.

== Biography ==
He was the principal signatory representing [[Jagat Singh of Amber|Jagat Singh]], the [[Maharaja]] of [[Kingdom of Amber|Jaipur]], in the 1818 treaty that established [[Kingdom of Amber|Jaipur]] as a protectorate of the [[East India Company]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Sugich |first=Michael |url=https://archive.org/details/palacesofindiatr0000sugi/ |title=Palaces of India : a traveller's companion featuring the palace hotels |date=1992 |publisher=London : Pavilion |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-1-85145-520-1 |pages=35–36}}</ref> [[Jagat Singh of Amber|Jagat Singh]] left no heir at the time of his death in 1818.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Hooja |first=Rima |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ |title=A History of Rajasthan |date=2006 |publisher=Rupa & Company |isbn=978-81-291-0890-6 |pages=1866 |language=en}}</ref> However, several months later, his wife, Bhatianiji, declared that she was eight months pregnant.<ref name=":0" /> To verify the authenticity of the announcement, the principal nobles of Jaipur, led by Bairi Sal, sought confirmation from the senior women of the [[zenana]], who affirmed the pregnancy.<ref name=":0" /> When Bhatianiji gave birth to a son, he was recognized as the heir to the throne by both the nobles and the British Government.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Department |first=India Foreign and Political |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X7If217KeokC |title=A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and Sanads, Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries |date=1909 |publisher=Superintendent Government Printing, India |pages=91 |language=en}}</ref> When [[Jai Singh III]] was installed as the [[Maharaja]] of [[Kingdom of Amber|Jaipur]], [[David Ochterlony]] established a [[regency council]] with Bhatianiji as its head, while Bairi Sal was appointed as the [[Prime minister|Prime Minister]] ([[Dewan|Diwan]]) of [[Kingdom of Amber|Jaipur]].<ref name=":0" /> During his tenure as [[Prime minister|Prime Minister]], he was caught in the conflict between the Bhatianiji and the [[East India Company]].<ref name=":1" /> He attempted to restore the crownlands of [[Kingdom of Amber|Jaipur]] that had been usurped by certain nobles but he failed.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/sir-jadunath-sarkar-raghubir-sinh-a-history-of-jaipur-c.-1503-1938/ |title=A History Of Jaipur, C. 1503-1938 |pages=333}}</ref> In 1823, Bhatianiji removed him from his position and replaced him with Jhoota Ram.<ref name=":1" /> At that time, the British promised to protect him from any retribution from the [[zenana]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Horace Hayman Wilson |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.3866/ |title=The History of British India: from 1805 to 1835 |date=1858 |publisher=London, James Madden |pages=316}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Stern |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_tn7EAAAQBAJ |title=The Cat and the Lion: Jaipur State in the British Raj |date=2023-07-31 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-66925-3 |pages=73–79 |language=en}}</ref> After the death of [[Jai Singh III]], the [[East India Company]] removed Jhoota Ram from the position of [[Dewan|Diwan]] and reinstated Bairi Sal in the role.<ref name=":1" /> Bairi Sal was also appointed head of the [[council of regency]] to govern on behalf of [[Ram Singh II]] until he came of age.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> This decision was made without consulting the Rajmata, and the Company refused to correspond with her except through Bairi Sal.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> He managed the State’s administration effectively, dealt with wrongdoers to restore peace, and successfully secured the remission of the arrears of the State’s tribute from the [[East India Company]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=kesharlal Ajmera |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.66091/ |title=The Jaipur Album Or All About Jaipur |date=1935 |pages=47}}</ref> While serving as the [[Dewan|Diwan]] of [[Kingdom of Amber|Jaipur]], he equipped the [[13th Rajputs (The Shekhawati Regiment)|Shekhawati brigade]] at state expense with 400 muskets and an equal number of pouches and belts.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.536468/ |title=Batra H. C. |date=1958 |publisher=S. Chand and Co. |pages=139}}</ref>

== Death ==
He died in 1838 and was succeeded by his son, [[Sheo Singh Nathawat|Sheo Singh]], as the [[Rawal (title)|Rawal]] of [[Samode (estate)|Samode]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:1838 deaths]]
[[Category:Hindu monarchs]]
[[Category:People from British India]]
[[Category:People from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]

Mission Bhagiratha

2025-11-10T01:16:30Z

DexterEdmonson0: improve layout and updated info to improve readability

{{Short description|Safe drinking water project in Telangana, India}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox project
| name = Mission Bhagiratha
| image =
| type = Safe drinking water
| budget = ₹43,791 crores
| established = {{start date|2016|8|6|df=y}}
| location = [[Telangana]], [[India]]
| founder = [[Government of Telangana]]
| chiefminister = [[Kalvakuntla Chandrashekhar Rao|K.Chandrashekhar Rao]]
| ministry = TDWSCL
| website = [http://missionbhagiratha.telangana.gov.in Official website]
| current_status = Active
}}

'''Mission Bhagiratha''' is a [[Drinking water|safe drinking water]] project for every village in [[Telangana State]], with a budget of ₹43,791 [[crore]]s.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/mission-bhagiratha-is-a-year-ahead-of-deadline-says-irrigation-minister/article22638080.ece | title=Mission Bhagiratha is a year ahead of the deadline, says Irrigation Minister | date=2 February 2018 | newspaper=The Hindu | accessdate=20 February 2020}}</ref> The project aims to provide piped water to 2.32 crore people in 20 lakh households in urban and 60 lakhs in rural areas of Telangana.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://missionbhagiratha.telangana.gov.in/|title=MISSION BHAGIRATHA|website=missionbhagiratha.telangana.gov.in}}</ref> The project will supply clean drinking water to all households in the state through water sourced from the [[River Godavari]] (53.68 [[Tmcft|TMC]]) and the [[River Krishna]] (32.43[[Tmcft|TMC]]). The bulk supply is expected to be completed by May 2018, and intra-village, intra-locality works will be completed by December 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telanganatoday.com/mission-bhagiratha-water-by-march-first-week|title=Mission Bhagiratha water by March first week}}</ref>{{update inline|date=April 2021}}

==History==
That project is named for King [[Bhagiratha]], who, according to myth, brought the [[River Ganges|River Ganga]] to [[Earth]] from the heavens.

The inspiration for the project was driven by the residents who relied on contaminated groundwater. In drought-prone [[Nalgonda district]], 973 villages faced high [[fluoride]] content that leads to disease and [[fluoride toxicity|fluorosis]].

A similar project, ''Maneru Manchineella Pathakam'', was conceived and completed by [[K. Chandrashekar Rao|K.C.R]], when he was MLA for [[Siddipet Assembly Constituency]] in 1996-97, at a cost of ₹100 crores. The water was sourced from [[Lower Manair Dam]] and supplied to all households in 180 villages across Siddipeta constituency. The Chief Minister vowed in 2016 that he would not seek votes in 2019 if the water project was not completed by 2018. The project was completed successfully. It received an award from the Central Jal Shakti Minister Gajendra Singh Shekhawat in Rajya Sabha that Telangana is the only state in India providing piped water for every house hold in the state.

The project was launched by the Prime Minister of India, [[Narendra Modi]] at Komatibanda village, Medak district in [[Gajwel (Assembly constituency)|Gajwel constituency]] on 6 August 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/GGys7IpJPrbYFGTxOqvMyJ/Narendra-Modi-launches-Mission-Bhagiratha-other-projects-in.html|title=Narendra Modi launches Mission Bhagiratha in maiden Telangana visit|date=7 August 2016|website=mint}}</ref> The other dignitaries were, the [[Chief Minister of Telangana]], [[K Chandrashekar Rao]].

==Technical feasibility study==
The central government-owned, [[WAPCOS Limited|Water and Power Consultancy Services]] (WAPCOS) has vetted [[Project plan|DPRs]], Monitoring, Supervision, and Quality Control of TDWSP works.

The technical feasibility and design was done by irrigation officials.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-telangana/Help-for-Mission-Bhagiratha/article14400627.ece|title=Help for Mission Bhagiratha|date=24 June 2016|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> [[Indian Institute of Science]] (IISc), Indian Water Works Association, a foremost expert on a piped network, Dr. Srinivasa Lingireddy of Civil Engineering at the [[University of Kentucky]], who has over 20 years of experience in pipe network modeling was consulted for the project. Lea Associates (LASA) prepared the tender process.

==Project==
The project is divided into 26 segments, comprising 25,000 habitations, at an estimated cost of ₹42,853 crores, for which the state government has taken a loan of ₹32,000 crores.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-06 |title=Telangana borrowed Rs 32,000 crore to fund Mission Bhagiratha |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/t-borrowed-32000cr-to-fund-mission-bhagiratha/articleshow/97633007.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-06-06 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The Krishna and Godavari rivers and existing reservoirs will be interlinked to collect, reserve and supply treated drinking water in the state, to every household in over 25,000 villages and 65 towns. The target is to provide 100 liters drinking water per person in rural areas, and 150 liters per person in urban areas. Around 4 TMC is planned for industrial use. The project required 13,000 permissions from various departments like railways, defense, national highways, forest, irrigation, panchayat raj, roads and buildings.

Telangana Drinking Water Supply Corporation (TDWSCL) was established by the government to implement Mission Bhagiratha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/290118/telangana-bhagiratha-grows-with-drinking-water-projects.html|title=Telangana: Bhagiratha grows with drinking water projects|first=Deccan|last=Chronicle|date=29 January 2018|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> 59 overhead and ground-level tanks are available. 40 TMC water is sourced from tanks and reservoirs, the areas range from 100 acres to 10,000 acres.

The piping system runs through 1.697 lakh kilometers.<ref name="auto"/> The electricity required is 182 megawatts.

===Maintenance===
The project Contractor is to take care of the maintenance of the entire water network for 10 years, at no additional cost to the government.

==Water purification==
The 150 [[water treatment|water treatment plant]]s, 62 pumping stations, 35,573 Overhead service reservoirs, 27 intake wells are set up. The electric motors and pumping systems were sourced from [[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited|BHEL]] with advanced technology.

==See also==
* [[Drinking water quality standards]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://missionbhagiratha.telangana.gov.in Official website]

[[Category:Government schemes in Telangana]]
[[Category:Drinking water]]
[[Category:KCR Government initiatives]]
[[Category:Proposed water supply infrastructure]]
[[Category:Proposed infrastructure in Telangana]]

Laur (clan)

2025-09-28T11:17:02Z

DexterEdmonson0: creating new article

{{Short description|Gurjar clan}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Infobox caste
| caste_name = Laur, Lava, Lor
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| abbreviation =
| jati = [[Gurjar]] (Gujjar)
| gotra =
| religions =[[Hinduism]], Sikhism
| languages = [[Gujari language|Gujari]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Haryanvi]], [[Marwari language|Marwari]] and [[Hindi]]
| country = India, Pakistan
| region = [[Gujarat]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Haryana]], [[Sindh]]
| ethnicity =
| India_migration =
| population =
| family_names =
| feudal_title =
| heraldic_title =
| lineage = Gurjar
| subdivisions =
| related =[[Gurjar clans]]
}}

'''Laur''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Agrawal |first=Binod C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ra7jAAAAMAAJ&q=Laur+Gujar |title=Women, Television, and Rural Development |date=1988 |publisher=National |isbn=978-81-214-0107-4 |pages=19, 35, 54 |language=en |quote=Laur Gujars, because their livelihood depends on them . A Koli or Bairwa woman is allowed to go upto the courtyard of a Laur Gujar house . But most of their conversations are restricted to fields, where they work together.}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6tMXAAAAIAAJ |title=Rajasthan Directory & Who's who |date=1982 |publisher=Hindi Sahitya Mandir |language=en |quote=GUJAR : Gujars are chiefly found in the eastern part of Rajasthan - Jaipur, Mewar, Alwar, Kota, and Bharatpur, Gurjars have two main branches Laur and Khari . Laur consider themselves an inferior class . They do not inter - marry with Khari Gujars.}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Rajasthan (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oNNhAAAAIAAJ&q=Laur+Gujar |title=Rajasthan [district Gazetteers].: Sirohi |date=1971 |publisher=Printed at Government Central Press |pages=95 |language=en |quote=In Bharatpur, there are two types of Gujars Khare (Khari) Gujar and Laur Gujar. The former are principally engaged in making butter and ghee.1}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Khari |first=Rahul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1lGgAAAAMAAJ |title=Jats and Gujars: Origin, History and Culture |date=2007 |publisher=Reference Press |isbn=978-81-8405-031-8 |pages=91 |language=en |quote=There is one more type of Gujars known as Baddh-Gujar. These Baddh-Gujars are found only in Rajasthan and mostly around Kota. On asking about their name related to Gujars a Baddh-Guiar said that they (Baddh-Guiars) are a bit bigger in power. The Gujars here in eastern Rajputana are found in a large hilly tract called Daug which is exclusively populated by '''Laur Gujars''' . In these states the Gujars are divided into two tribes, the Laur and the '''Khari'''. The former (Laur) is the superior from Kharis.}}</ref> (also spelled '''Lava''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rahi |first=Javaid |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KI1pEAAAQBAJ&dq=Lav+Gujjars&pg=PA272 |title=The Gujjars Vol: 01 and 02 Edited by Dr. Javaid Rahi |date=2012-01-01 |publisher=Jammu and Kashmir Acacademy of Art, Culture, Languages, Jammu |pages=272 |language=en}}</ref> '''Lavi''' or '''Lor'''<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Campbell |first=James M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5gk7AQAAMAAJ&q=Lor+Gujars |title=Hindu Castes and Tribes of Gujarat |date=1988 |publisher=Vintage Books |pages=502 |language=en |quote=Gujars whether Bhadána or Chechi are Lavas or Lors. Lava is the same as Lor and they are higher than Khári to whom the Lava gives neither a daughter nor a pipe . According to their story Krishna and Nánda were Lors (Laura).}}</ref>) is a major clan of the [[Gurjar]] ethnic community of northern [[India]].

Gurjars are divided into two groups in Gujarat and Rajasthan: the Khari and the Laur (or Lava). These two are further subdivided into a number of clans.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Rajasthan (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3QbAAAAIAAJ&q=Laur+Gujar |title=Rajasthan [district Gazetteers].: Bharatpur |date=1971 |publisher=Printed at Government Central Press |pages=95 |language=en}}</ref>

==Background==
Lava and Khari Gurjars are equal in status. However, Laur Gurjars typically regard themselves as inferior to Khari or Khadwa Gurjars, and thus sometimes disregard intermarriage.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />

==Ethnography==
Laur Gurjars are found in [[Gujarat]] and [[Rajasthan]], including the [[Ahmedabad]], [[Rajkot]] and [[Girnar]] districts of Gujarat state and [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]],<ref name=":1" /> [[Jaipur]],<ref name=":5" /> Alwar, Kota, Karoli, Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Mewar, [[Sirohi district|Sirohi]]<ref name=":0" /> districts of the state of Rajasthan.

==Subclans==
Laur clan have over twenty sub-clans, some of which are listed below:<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Mathur |first=U. B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W7YtAAAAMAAJ |title=Folkways in Rajasthan |date=1986 |publisher=Folklorists |isbn=978-81-85129-00-6 |language=en |quote=The Laur branch of the Gujars in the Jaipur region has more than twenty minor groups namely Bagarwal, Badana, Betan, Char, Chechi, Chesat, Dhakar, Deorata, Doi, Kasana, Koli, Khatana, Kanaks, Mokar, Mootan, Mawai, Nekari, Chandela, Tanwar.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Commissioner |first=India Census |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c1dFAQAAMAAJ&dq=Laur+Gujar&pg=PA150 |title=Census of India |date=1960 |publisher=Printed at the Government central Press |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Chechi (clan)|Chechi]]
* [[Doi (clan)|Doi]]
* [[Khatana]]
* [[Nekari]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Gurjar clans}}

[[Category:Social groups of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Social groups of Gujarat]]

{{India-ethno-stub}}
{{Pakistan-ethno-stub}}

Aniruddha B. Pandit

2025-09-28T09:11:58Z

DexterEdmonson0: creating entry

{{short description|Indian chemical engineer (born 1957)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = A. B. Pandit
| honorific_suffix = FNA, FASc
| image = Aniruddha B. Pandit (Institute of Chemical Technology).jpg
| imagesize = 200px
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1957|12|7}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai, Maharashtra]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| alma_mater = [[IIT (BHU) Varanasi|IIT-BHU]] ([[B.Tech]]) [[Institute of Chemical Technology|ICT Mumbai]] (Ph.D)
| occupation = Chemical engineer University Administrator
| yearsactive = 1991–
| known for = Research in chemical engineering
| spouse = {{marriage|Anala Aniruddha Pandit|August 11, 1990}}
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| signature =
| awards = [[United States National Academy of Engineering|USNAE]] member (2023)<ref name="US-NAE">{{cite web |title= Dr. Aniruddha B. Pandit |url=https://www.nae.edu/290696/Dr-Aniruddha-B-Pandit |website=NAE Website |publisher=[[United States National Academy of Engineering]] |access-date=9 April 2022}}</ref> Eminent Engineers' Awards (2021)<ref>{{cite web |title=Eminent Engineers' Awards Given by ECI |url=https://www.ecindia.org/ECI-MF-BOX.htm |website=www.ecindia.org |publisher=[[Engineering Council of India]] |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326224315/https://www.ecindia.org/ECI-MF-BOX.htm |archive-date=26 March 2023 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>
| website = {{URL|https://abpandit.weebly.com/ |Research group page}}
}}

'''Aniruddha Bhalchandra Pandit {{Post nominals|list=[[Indian National Science Academy|FNA]], [[Indian Academy of Sciences|FASc]]}}'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=INSA :: Indian Fellow Detail |url=https://insaindia.res.in/old_website/detail.php?id=P09-1488 |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=insaindia.res.in}}</ref>(born 7 December 1957) is an Indian chemical engineer, inventor and academic, known for his fundamental and commercial research on [[Cavitation|cavitational reactors]], design of [[Chemical reactor|multiphase reactor]]s, [[Bubble (physics)|bubble dynamics]]. He is the [[vice chancellor]] of the [[Institute of Chemical Technology]], [[Mumbai]] (erstwhile UDCT) since 2019, succeeding [[G. D. Yadav]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Prof. A. B. Pandit Takes Charge as Vice Chancellor of ICT |url=http://chemindigest.com/prof-a-b-pandit-takes-charge-as-vice-chancellor-of-ict/ |access-date=14 May 2020 |work=Chemical Industry Digest |date=November 29, 2019 |archive-date=19 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219175443/http://chemindigest.com/prof-a-b-pandit-takes-charge-as-vice-chancellor-of-ict/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Elsevier"/>

In 2023, he is elected member of the [[United States National Academy of Engineering]].<ref name="US-NAE"/>

==Education and career==
Pandit was born in [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]] to Bhalchandra Ramachandra and Sumati Pandit and attended the [[Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University]].<ref name="Chem news mag">{{cite magazine |last1=Trivedi |first1=Prakash |title=Interview: Prof. (Dr.) Aniruddha B. Pandit |url=https://issuu.com/chemnews/docs/chemical_news_-_june_2021_issue/s/12405237 |access-date=17 March 2023 |magazine=Chemical News |via=[[issuu]] |date=June 2021 |language=en}}</ref> He graduated with a B.Tech. (Chem) degree in 1980 and joined the [[University Department of Chemical Technology]] of [[Bombay University]] (now ICT Mumbai) for his PhD (Tech) degree. He completed his PhD in 1984 under the guidance of Prof. [[Jyeshtharaj Joshi]]. He also worked as an instructor during this term.<ref name="CRL">{{cite web |title=Pandit Biography |url=https://abpandit.weebly.com/biography.html |publisher=Cavitation Research Laboratory |access-date=17 March 2023}}</ref>

From 1984 till 1990, he worked in [[University of Cambridge]] as a Research Associate with [[John Davidson (chemical engineer)|John Frank Davidson]], working in the area of bubble break-up and design of [[Chemical reactor|multiphase reactor]]s.<ref name="CRL"/><ref name="Chem news mag"/>

Pandit joined the [[UICT]] in 1991 as a reader and was promoted in 1996.<ref name="Chem news mag"/> He was a visiting professor at [[University of Cape Town]] and [[University of California, Santa Barbara]], [[BITS Pilani]],<ref>[https://www.bits-pilani.ac.in/uploads/Goa_Chemical/Prof.Aniruddha-Pandit.pdf Adjunct Professor]</ref> among others.<ref name="ict profile"/> He is an elected fellow of such science academies as [[United States National Academy of Engineering]], [[Indian National Academy of Engineering]], [[Indian National Science Academy]] (INSA),<ref>{{cite web |title=INSA :: Indian Fellow Detail |url=https://www.insaindia.res.in/detail.php?id=P09-1488 |website=www.insaindia.res.in |access-date=17 March 2023}}</ref> [[The World Academy of Sciences]] (2015),<ref>{{cite web |title=Fellow: Pandit, Aniruddha Bhalchandra |url=https://twas.org/directory/pandit-aniruddha-bhalchandra |publisher=[[The World Academy of Sciences]] (TWAS) |access-date=17 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref> [[National Academy of Sciences, India]], [[Maharashtra Academy of Sciences]], and [[Indian Academy of Sciences]].

== Research ==
Pandit is a renowned researcher in the field of [[cavitation]] and relevant chemical processing applications.<ref>{{cite web |title=CBE Seminar - Aniruddha Pandit |url=https://cbe.osu.edu/events/2021/10/cbe-seminar-aniruddha-pandit |publisher=[[Ohio State University]] |access-date=17 March 2023 |language=en |date=16 August 2021}}</ref> His research interests include [[sonochemistry]], industrial [[wastewater treatment]], synthesis of [[chelating agent]]s for wastewater treatment, mixing in mechanically agitated contactors, and the design of [[nozzle]]s for hydrodynamic cavitation. He has also worked on [[polymer]] degradation, [[cellulose]] dissolution, and [[nanomaterial]]s synthesis. {{As of|2023}}, he has published 446 journal articles, and holds 34 patents.<ref name="ict profile">{{cite web |title=Prof. Aniruddha Bhalchandra Pandit |url=https://www.ictmumbai.edu.in/emp_profiledetail.aspx?nDeptID=em |publisher=[[ictmumbai.edu.in]] |access-date=17 March 2023}}</ref> His articles are reported to have an [[H-index]] of 84 and ''i10-Index'' of 360.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vidwan: Profile Page |url=https://vidwan.inflibnet.ac.in/profile/42815 |website=vidwan.inflibnet.ac.in |access-date=17 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Prof. A. B. Pandit |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=kn4WMkgAAAAJ&hl=en |publisher=[[Google Scholar]] |access-date=17 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Aniruddha B. Pandit: H-index & Awards - Academic Profile |url=https://research.com/u/aniruddha-b-pandit |access-date=17 March 2023 |work=Research.com |language=en}}</ref> He has guided 63 PhD and 101 master's graduates.<ref name="Elsevier"/>

He is associated with a number of scientific journals as a member of their editorial boards; Ultrasonics Sonochemistry Journal ([[Elsevier]]), Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification (Elsevier),<ref name="Elsevier">{{cite web |title=Aniruddha Pandit - Editorial Board - Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification - Journal - Elsevier |url=https://www.journals.elsevier.com/chemical-engineering-and-processing-process-intensification/editorial-board/aniruddha-pandit |publisher=[[elsevier.com]] |access-date=17 March 2023}}</ref> [[Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research]] (ACS).<ref name="ict profile"/>

The Pandit research group has developed a method for cleaning and disinfecting stagnant [[water bodies]] and [[industrial effluent]]s from various industries using hydrodynamic cavitation.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Saharan|first1=Virendra Kumar|last2=Rizwani|first2=Manav A.|last3=Malani|first3=Aqeel A.|last4=Pandit|first4=Aniruddha B.|date=2013-01-01|title=Effect of geometry of hydrodynamically cavitating device on degradation of orange-G|journal=Ultrasonics Sonochemistry|language=en|volume=20|issue=1|pages=345–353|doi=10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.08.011|pmid=22982006|issn=1350-4177|doi-access=|bibcode=2013UltS...20..345S }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Badve|first1=Mandar|last2=Gogate|first2=Parag|last3=Pandit|first3=Aniruddha|last4=Csoka|first4=Levente|date=2013-03-14|title=Hydrodynamic cavitation as a novel approach for wastewater treatment in wood finishing industry|journal=Separation and Purification Technology|language=en|volume=106|pages=15–21|doi=10.1016/j.seppur.2012.12.029|issn=1383-5866|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sangave|first1=Preeti C.|last2=Gogate|first2=Parag R.|last3=Pandit|first3=Aniruddha B.|date=2007-05-01|title=Ultrasound and ozone assisted biological degradation of thermally pretreated and anaerobically pretreated distillery wastewater|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004565350601798X|journal=Chemosphere|language=en|volume=68|issue=1|pages=42–50|doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.12.052|pmid=17276488|bibcode=2007Chmsp..68...42S|issn=0045-6535|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Badve|first1=Mandar P.|last2=Gogate|first2=Parag R.|last3=Pandit|first3=Aniruddha B.|last4=Csoka|first4=Levente|date=2014-01-01|title=Hydrodynamic cavitation as a novel approach for delignification of wheat straw for paper manufacturing|journal=Ultrasonics Sonochemistry|language=en|volume=21|issue=1|pages=162–168|doi=10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.07.006|pmid=23968577|issn=1350-4177|doi-access=|bibcode=2014UltS...21..162B }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rajoriya|first1=Sunil|last2=Carpenter|first2=Jitendra|last3=Saharan|first3=Virendra Kumar|last4=Pandit|first4=Aniruddha B.|date=2016-08-01|title=Hydrodynamic cavitation: an advanced oxidation process for the degradation of bio-refractory pollutants|url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/revce-2015-0075/html|journal=Reviews in Chemical Engineering|language=en|volume=32|issue=4|pages=379–411|doi=10.1515/revce-2015-0075|s2cid=101848377|issn=2191-0235|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=N.j.|first1=Lakshmi|last2=Gogate|first2=Parag R.|last3=Pandit|first3=Aniruddha B.|date=2021-09-01|title=Treatment of acid violet 7 dye containing effluent using the hybrid approach based on hydrodynamic cavitation|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957582021003645|journal=Process Safety and Environmental Protection|language=en|volume=153|pages=178–191|doi=10.1016/j.psep.2021.07.023|bibcode=2021PSEP..153..178N |issn=0957-5820|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sivakumar|first1=Manickam|last2=Pandit|first2=Aniruddha B|date=2002-07-01|title=Wastewater treatment: a novel energy efficient hydrodynamic cavitational technique|journal=Ultrasonics Sonochemistry|language=en|volume=9|issue=3|pages=123–131|doi=10.1016/S1350-4177(01)00122-5|pmid=12154685|issn=1350-4177|doi-access=|bibcode=2002UltS....9..123S }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jyoti|first1=K. K.|last2=Pandit|first2=A. B.|date=2003-07-01|title=Hybrid cavitation methods for water disinfection: simultaneous use of chemicals with cavitation|journal=Ultrasonics Sonochemistry|series=Selected papers from the Eighth Conference of the European Society of Sonochemistry|language=en|volume=10|issue=4|pages=255–264|doi=10.1016/S1350-4177(03)00095-6|pmid=12818391|issn=1350-4177|doi-access=|bibcode=2003UltS...10..255J }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sawant|first1=Subhash Shivram|last2=Anil|first2=Arga Chandrashekar|last3=Krishnamurthy|first3=Venkat|last4=Gaonkar|first4=Chetan|last5=Kolwalkar|first5=Janhavi|last6=Khandeparker|first6=Lidita|last7=Desai|first7=Dattesh|last8=Mahulkar|first8=Amit Vinod|last9=Ranade|first9=Vivek Vinayak|last10=Pandit|first10=Aniruddha Balchandra|date=2008-12-01|title=Effect of hydrodynamic cavitation on zooplankton: A tool for disinfection|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369703X08002568|journal=Biochemical Engineering Journal|language=en|volume=42|issue=3|pages=320–328|doi=10.1016/j.bej.2008.08.001|bibcode=2008BioEJ..42..320S |issn=1369-703X|url-access=subscription}}</ref> This method was used to clean the [[Rankala Lake]] in [[Kolhapur]], [[Maharashtra]] and the [[Bindusagar Lake]] in [[Bhubaneswar|Bhubaneshwar]], [[Odisha]] (a project inaugurated by the [[List of chief ministers of Odisha|Chief Minister of Odisha]] in January).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Doltade|first1=Sarjerao|last2=Ladole|first2=Mayur|last3=Jadhav|first3=Nilesh|last4=Dastane|first4=Gaurav|last5=Desai|first5=Ketan|last6=Pinjari|first6=Dipak|last7=Pandit|first7=Aniruddha|date=2017-06-20|title=Rankala Lake clean-up using Make in India technology – An initiative towards Swachh Bharat mission|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318532000|journal=Chemical Weekly|pages=199–204}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|agency=TNN|date=Apr 14, 2016|title=Rankala water purification begins {{!}} Kolhapur News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolhapur/rankala-water-purification-begins/articleshow/51816646.cms|access-date=2021-09-29|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ICT submits a pathbreaking project to Kolhapur municipal council to make water of Rankala lake potable|url=https://www.udctalumni.org.in/newsroom/news/ICT-submits-a-pathbreaking-project-to-Kolhapur-municipal-council-to-make-water-of-Rankala-lake-potable.dz|access-date=2021-09-29|website=UDCT Alumni Association|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Odisha CM, Union Minister launch Clean Bindusagar initiative to revive holy lake|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2021/jan/09/odisha-cm-union-minister-launch-clean-bindusagar-initiative-to-revive-holy-lake-2247753.html|access-date=2021-09-29|website=The New Indian Express|date=9 January 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Odisha CM launches Bindu Sagar Cleaning Project in presence of Dharmendra Pradhan|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/odisha-cm-launches-bindu-sagar-cleaning-project-in-presence-of-dharmendra-pradhan20210109194759/|access-date=2021-09-29|website=ANI News|language=en}}</ref> His research group has also developed solid-fuel burning [[stove]]s, used commonly in rural [[India]], which cause lesser pollution and consume fuel efficiently.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kausley|first1=Shankar B.|last2=Pandit|first2=Aniruddha B.|date=2010-03-01|title=Modelling of solid fuel stoves|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016236109004323|journal=Fuel|language=en|volume=89|issue=3|pages=782–791|doi=10.1016/j.fuel.2009.09.019|bibcode=2010Fuel...89..782K |issn=0016-2361|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Patil|first1=Rahul|last2=Shinde|first2=Yogesh|last3=Pandit|first3=Aniruddha|date=2013-03-01|title=Optimization and Development of Solid Biomass Burning Cookstoves|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353331094|journal=International Journal of Chemical and Physical Sciences|volume=2|pages=1–10}}</ref> Research has also been done to convert keratin waste such as human hair, wool, and poultry feathers into fertilizers, pet, and animal feed using a cheap, eco-friendly and efficient method.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ICT Mumbai develops technology to convert keratin waste to animal feed & fertilizer|url=https://knnindia.co.in/news/newsdetails/knowledge-resource/ict-mumbai-develops-technology-to-convert-keratin-waste-to-animal-feed-fertilizer|access-date=2021-10-06|website=knnindia.co.in}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{portal|India|Science}}
* [[Institute of Chemical Technology]]
* [[Man Mohan Sharma]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons}}
*{{Official website|https://abpandit.weebly.com/}}

{{Institute of Chemical Technology vice-chancellors|state=collapsed}}

{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pandit, Aniruddha B.}}
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Scholars from Mumbai]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian chemists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian engineers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian inventors]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Mumbai]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Cape Town]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of Cambridge]]
[[Category:Engineers from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Engineering]]
[[Category:Heads of universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:Indian chemical engineers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian inventors]]
[[Category:Institute of Chemical Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering]]
[[Category:Fellows of The World Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:University of California, Santa Barbara faculty]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]

Economy of Bokaro

2025-09-27T10:29:03Z

DexterEdmonson0:

{{More citations needed|date=December 2020}}
[[File:Bokaro Steel City at Night .jpg|thumb|[[Bokaro Steel City|Bokaro Steel City at Night]]]]
Here is written about the '''Economy of Bokaro.''' [[Bokaro Steel City]] is one of the planned cities of India, a major industrial centre and the fourth largest city in the Indian state of [[Jharkhand]]. It is the administrative headquarters of [[Bokaro district]]. The city stands at the elevation of {{cvt|210|m}} [[above sea level]] and has an urban area of the city is 183 [[square kilometre]]s (71 [[square mile]]s). It is bounded on the east by [[Dhanbad]] and [[Purulia]], on the west by [[Ramgarh district|Ramgarh]] and [[Hazaribagh]], on the north by [[Giridih]] and on the south by [[Ranchi]]. It is accessible through National Highway [[NH 23|NH 143]] & [[National Highway 18 (India)|NH-18]] which came between it.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-11-10|title=Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd extends winning spree|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-cm/hindustan-petroleum-corporation-ltd-extends-winning-spree-120111000760_1.html|access-date=2020-11-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Stocks in news: Wipro, NMDC, Pfizer, Infosys, YES Bank, ONGC|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/markets/stocks/stocks-to-watch-today-on-november-11-wipro-nmdc-pfizer-infosys-yes-bank-ongc/story/421653.html|access-date=2020-11-11|website=www.businesstoday.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ONGC puts mature oil, gas fields on block|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/ongc-puts-mature-oil-gas-fields-on-block-6088261.html|access-date=2020-11-11|website=Moneycontrol}}</ref>

== Steel plants ==
{{main||Bokaro Steel Plant|Marafari}}
[[File:BSL-SAIL.jpg|thumb|[[Bokaro Steel Plant]] Main Gate, commonly known as Steel Gate]]
Bokaro is mostly known for its steel industry. Here is one of the world's, Asia's and India's largest steel plants, named the Bokaro Steel Plant. It was established in 1964. It has its headquarters in Bokaro itself. This plant is now a part of [[Steel Authority of India|Steel Authority of India (SAIL)]]. This plant is located at [[Marafari]]. Steel industry is largest industry field in the city of Bokaro. approximately 1/4 or 2/4 of the city covers the steel plant. Many peoples of Bokaro are working here. Here is another steel company namely [[Electrosteel Castings|Vedanta Electrosteel Casting Ltd]]. It is a company headquartered and based in [[Kolkata]]. It has set up its plant at [[Chas, Bokaro|Chas]].

The Bokaro Steel Plant was established with the collaboration of [[Soviet Union]] when the first prime minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, desired to establish a steel plant in the region. [[Bokaro Steel Plant]] expansion to extend its capacity from 7.5 metric tonnes before 2011. [[Vedanta]] Electrosteel Castings Limited - A Kolkata-based water pipe manufacturer acquired 2,500 [[acre]]s (10 square kilometres) of land 18 kilometres (11 miles) from the city and has erected its 2.2 MTPA steel plant. The company has invested close to Rs 80 Bn (US$1.6 Bn) on this project which was operational from 2010.

It is the second biggest steel manufacturer in Bokaro behind SAIL's Bokaro Steel Plant.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Future Scope of Ductile Iron Pipe and Valve Market Expects to See Significant Growth During 2020-2026|url=https://eurowire.co/coronavirus/960488/future-scope-of-ductile-iron-pipe-and-valve-market-expects-to-see-significant-growth-during-2020-2026/|access-date=2020-11-11|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bokaro Steel plant to work with IDTR Jamshedpur |url=https://www.avenuemail.in/bokaro-steel-plant-to-work-with-idtr-jamshedpur/|access-date=2020-11-11|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=November 8, 2020|title=Bokaro: BSL introduces shorter working period scheme for employees’ welfare |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/bsl-introduces-shorter-working-period-scheme-for-employees-welfare/articleshow/79104547.cms|access-date=2020-11-11|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SAIL launches ‘Shorter Working Period’ Scheme|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2020/state-editions/sail-launches----shorter-working-period----scheme.html|access-date=2020-11-11|website=The Pioneer|language=en}}</ref>

Sundaram Steel located at [[Balidih]] is another steel producer in the city. It is located at [[Balidih Industrial Area]]. Tannu Tools Pvt Ltd is a manufacturer of tools in Boakro. It have its plant at Balidih Industrial Area, Balidih.

The city has presence of Steel Authority of India Ltd., [[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation]], [[Vedanta]] amongst others. Steel Authority of India Limited - The economy of the city is primarily depended on the integrated steel plant established by Steel Authority of India.

== Oil, fuels, petroleum and gases ==
{{See also|Oil and Natural Gas Corporation|Bharat Petroleum|Hindustan Petroleum}}[[File:ONGC, Bokaro Steel City.JPG|thumb|[[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation|ONGC]], [[Bokaro Steel City]]|left]]
Oil and Gas Industry is the second major industry in Bokaro behind its steel industry. It has major presence of oil and gas. [[ONGC|ONGC Bokaro]] operates the Bokaro Coal Bed Methan. Bokaro Steel City have its office at [[Sector 4 (Bokaro)|Sector 4]] and its plant at Marafari.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-22|title=ONGC wins 7 oil blocks, OIL 4 in latest bid round|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/ongc-wins-7-oil-blocks-oil-4-in-latest-bid-round/2111720/|access-date=2020-11-11|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation|ONGC]] is a manufacturer, and it produces oil and gas. This company has its headquarters in [[Delhi|Delhi/New Delhi]]. This is one of the biggest oil and gas companies of India. This company produce a major part of economy of Bokaro. [[Hindustan Petroleum]] is one of the largest petroleum companies in whole of India. In Balidih there is a depot of [[Hindustan Petroleum]]. There is also a bottling plant known as IOC Bottling Plant is located at Balidih. Now [[Bharat Petroleum]] will set up a LPG bottling plant and other bottling plant in Balidih, Bokaro Steel City.

[[ONGC|ONGC Bokaro]] operates the Bokaro Coal Bed Methane (CBM) block BK-CBM-2001/1 with 80 per cent stake while the remaining 20 per cent is with Indian Oil Corp (IOC). It plans to invest ₨ 8.23 billion from 2017 to 2018 to achieve a peak production of 0.9 million standard cubic meters per day. [[Bharat Petroleum|Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited]] - BPCL will set up a LPG bottling plant and POL (petroleum, oil and lubricants) terminal in Bokaro, the foundation stone of which was laid on 11 August 2019.

[[GAIL]]'s Jagadishpur–Haldia–Bokaro-Dhamra Pipeline (JHBDPL), one of the largest gas pipeline projects of India, is expected to be completed in 2020 and will run through the area. In January 2020, Triveni Groups proposed the development of Kaushal Triveni Mega Food Park in nearby [[Chandankiyari]].

== Railway ==
A rail wheel factory is also under development near Damoderpur village, about 35 kilometres from Bokaro, in a joint venture with [[Indian Railways]] and [[Government of Jharkhand]].

== Cement ==
[[File:Bokaro Jaypee Cement.JPG|thumb|Jaypee Cement]]{{See also|Dalmia Group}}
Cement Industry is the third biggest and largest industry in Bokaro Steel City behind steel industry and oil industry. Here is the [[Dalmia Group]]'s cement factory namely [[Dalmia Group|Dalmaia East Cement Bharat Limited (DECBL)]]. Its cement plant is at Balidih. Dalmia Group is an Indian grouping many other companies one such part is Dalmaia East Cement Bharat Ltd. Another cement factory in the whole city is JP Cement which nearer to Dalmia Cement and this cement plant itself located at Marafari, Bokaro Steel City. JP Cement is another second largest plant of cement in Bokaro behind Dalmia East Cement Bharat Limited. Both the cement factory are large cement factories.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dalmia Bharat plans to invest ₹2,000 crore for setting up cement plant in Kalaburgi|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/dalmia-bharat-plans-to-invest-2000-crore-for-setting-up-cement-plant-in-kalaburgi/article32921043.ece|access-date=2020-11-11|website=@businessline|language=en}}</ref>

== Crops and agriculture ==
Once a small grain trading hub of the region, [[Chas, Bokaro|Chas]] became notable during the [[World War II|Second World War]] when the British government used it as a base to supply soldiers fighting in the [[Burma Campaign|eastern front]] against the Japanese. In the 1960s, the Government of India decided to establish the Bokaro Steel Plant nearby, which enhanced the economic activity of the region.

== Food processing ==
[[Bihar State Milk Co-operative Federation]] has a processing plant at Sector - 12. It is another major player in the local economy. It is an economic part of the Bokaro's twin city and a major suburb [[Chas, Bokaro|Chas]].

In January 2020, Triveni Groups proposed the development of Kaushal Triveni Mega Food Park in nearby [[Chandankiyari]]. Here is also floor mills such as Kamal Flour Mills etc.

== Chemical ==
RMP is a chemical manufacturer. It is located in Bokaro Steel City at the area of Marafari. It is <ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Steel Rebar Market (2020-2026) With Top Growing Companies – Mechel, Essar Steel, ArcelorMittal, SAIL, Gerdau, NSSMC, Posco-ssvina|url=https://rejerusalem.com/295605/global-steel-rebar-market-2020-2026-with-top-growing-companies-mechel-essar-steel-arcelormittal-sail-gerdau-nssmc-posco-ssvina/|access-date=2020-11-11|website=re:Jerusalem|language=en-US}}</ref> one of the Chemical manufacturers in the whole city. It is nearer to big companies such as Bokaro Steel Plant and [[BPSCL Power Plant]].

== Retail, trade and commerce ==
{{See also|City Centre, Bokaro}}[[File:The Bokaro Mall at Sector 3C.jpg|thumb|The Bokaro Mall at sector 3|left]]
The Bokaro Mall in Sector 3 is the shopping mall of the city along with Harsh Vardhan Plaza and [[City Centre, Bokaro|City center]]. [[Sector 4 (Bokaro)|Sector 4]] is the main commercial area of the city. It is nearer to Marafari. Sector 4 has many shopping complexes around it. [[City Centre, Bokaro|City Centre]] is the main Central Business District of the city. Here are also banks, shopping complexes, playgrounds, etc. Here is also temple Jagannath Temple and Jama Masjid at Sector 4. This place is nearer to Marafari. Some parts Bokaro Steel Plant is came under Sector 4 itself. Here is many schools in this area. One of them being [[DAV Public School, Sector IV|DAV Public School]]. It also has other branches also. [[Chinmaya Vidyalayas]] are other schools. It has branches in other cities like [[Hyderabad]] etc.
[[File:Harsh Vardhan Plaza, Bokaro.jpg|thumb|Harsh Vardhan Plaza at [[Sector 4 (Bokaro)|Sector 4, Bokaro]]]]
The city center is the prominent central business district of Bokaro Steel City and one of the most developed and planned CBD in Jharkhand and Eastern India Recent years have seen it grow more than threefold in size. The difference of this market and most other major markets in Indian cities happens to be the planning of the market. There is ample parking space, and the approach roads, as well as those inside the market are wide. The place houses almost all major Indian banks, has various shops in the city for clothing, electronics, and the best food joints. It used to be home for the only cinema theaters in the city, but only two of them (Jeetendra and Pali Plaza) is operational now. The latest comers to the market are coaching institutes, small clinics, and hospitals. Their rate of growth shows the demand these services have in the city.

=== Wholesale ===
Chas is especially well known for its wholesale markets. As such, the city is home to many small and medium-sized businesses, which are overseen by apex trade associations, like the Bokaro Chamber of Commerce and Industries, Jainamore Chamber of Commerce and Jharkhand Small Tiny Service Business Enterprises Association. In recent years, Chas has also had an influx of retail and supermarket chains (like V-Mart, Citi Style, etc.) and vehicle showrooms of [[KTM]], [[Honda Cars India|Honda]], [[Hero MotoCorp|Hero]], [[Maruti Suzuki]], [[JCB (heavy equipment manufacturer)|JCB]], [[Yamaha Motor Company|Yamaha]], [[TVS Motor Company|TVS]], [[Mahindra & Mahindra|Mahindra]].

== Utilities ==
{{See also|BPSCL Power Plant}}

[[BPSCL Power Plant]] is a power plant in Bokaro Steel City. This is a coal-based thermal power plant located in Bokaro district. The power plant is owned by Bokaro Power Supply Company Limited, a joint venture between Steel Authority of India and [[Damodar Valley Corporation]]. It supplies power and [[process steam]] to Bokaro Steel Plant and surplus power to grid.

== Future projects ==
|SAIL-[[POSCO]] JV Steel Plant: Steel minister Sri Virbhadra Singh has announced another new steel plant for Bokaro as part of a joint venture with Posco and SAIL by using FINEX technologies for high quality steel. The capacity of the plant will be 1.5 mt, establish in BSP periphery of 500 acres (2.0 km2) will be built in Bokaro.

[[Bharat Petroleum|Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited]] - BPCL will set up a LPG bottling plant and POL (petroleum, oil and lubricants) terminal in Bokaro, the foundation stone of which was laid on 11 August 2019 at Marafari in Bokaro.

[[Software Technology Parks of India]] - [[STPI]] will set up an IT Park in Bokaro soon.

== Markets and business districts ==
The main central business districts of the city are:

* [[City Centre, Bokaro]]
* Sector 4 (Bokaro)
* [[Chas, Bokaro|Chas]]

== Economic zones and areas of Bokaro ==
{{See also|Sector 4 (Bokaro)|Marafari|Chas, Bokaro}}[[File:Hotel Classic Bokaro.jpg|thumb|[[City Centre, Bokaro|City Centre]] at Sector 4]]

=== Sector 4 ===

* [[Sector 4 (Bokaro)|Sector 4]] is the main commercial area of the city. It is nearer to Marafari. Sector 4 has many shopping complexes around it. Here is also temple Jagannath Temple and Jama Masjid at Sector 4. This place is nearer to Marafari. Some parts of Bokaro Steel Plant came under Sector 4 itself. Here is many schools in this area. One of them being [[DAV Public School, Sector IV|DAV Public School]]. It also has other branches also. [[Chinmaya Vidyalayas]] are other schools. It has branches in other cities like [[Hyderabad]] etc.

=== City Centre ===

* [[City Centre, Bokaro|City Centre]] is the main Central Business District of the city. Here is also banks, shopping complexes, playgrounds, etc.

=== Marafari ===

* [[Marafari]] is the main industrial hub and area of the city, here are the companies of Bokaro Steel City.

These companies include
* Bokaro Steel Plant
* Steel Authority of India (SAIL)
* [[Dalmia Group|Dalmia East Cement Bharat Ltd]]
* JP Cement
* [[Electrosteel Castings|Vedanta Electrosteel Castings Ltd]]
* [[BPSCL Power Plant]]

=== Balidih ===

* [[Balidih]] is one of the major neighbourhoods of the city. It is one of the major industrial hubs of Bokaro along with Marafari. Here is the [[Holy Cross School, Bokaro|Holy Cross School]] located at this area. Here is the tourist spot known as Garga Dam.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Workers Struggles: Asia, Australia and the Pacific|url=https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2020/10/17/labo-o17.html|access-date=2020-11-04|website=World Socialist Web Site|language=en}}</ref>

=== Chas ===

* [[Chas, Bokaro|Chas]] is a city and [[List of neighbourhoods of Bokaro|neighbourhood of Bokaro]]. It has a developed economy. It has a history during [[World War II]] and its economic history also. Chas is especially well known for its wholesale markets. As such, the city is home to many small and medium-sized businesses, which are overseen by apex trade associations, like the Bokaro Chamber of Commerce and Industries, Jainamore Chamber of Commerce and Jharkhand Small Tiny Service Business Enterprises Association. In recent years, Chas has also had an influx of retail and supermarket chains (like V-Mart, Citi Style, etc.) and vehicle showrooms of [[KTM]], [[Honda Cars India|Honda]], [[Hero MotoCorp|Hero]], [[Maruti Suzuki]], [[JCB (heavy equipment manufacturer)|JCB]], [[Yamaha Motor Company|Yamaha]], [[TVS Motor Company|TVS]], [[Mahindra & Mahindra|Mahindra]].

=== Balidih Industrial Area ===

* A special economic zone in the city at [[Balidih]].

== See also ==

* [[Jamshedpur]]
* [[Economy of Jharkhand State]]
* [[Economy of Jamshedpur]]
* [[Economy of Deoghar]]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Bokaro district]]
[[Category:Economy of Jharkhand]]

Bhidaura

2025-09-12T14:01:59Z

DexterEdmonson0:

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bhidaura (भिदौरा)
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.97236|N|78.86569|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mainpuri district|Mainpuri]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Karhal]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 4.090
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2315
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Bhidaura''' ({{IAST|Bhidaurā}}) is a village in [[Barnahal]] block of [[Mainpuri district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. As of 2011, it has a population of 2,315, in 398 households.

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Bhidaura had a population of 2,315, in 398 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|131}} This population was 53.1% male (1,230) and 46.9% female (1,085). The 0-6 age group numbered 372 (188 male and 184 female), or 16.1% of the total population. 387 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 16.7% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Mainpuri, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1259/download/4050/DH_2011_0917_PART_B_DCHB_MAINPURI.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|106-7}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Bhidaura as comprising 4 hamlets, with a total population of 897 people (482 male and 415 female), in 159 households and 118 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 1,011 acres.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (24 - Mainpuri District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28772/download/31954/22833_1961_MAI.pdf |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref>{{rp|liv}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Bhidaura had 1 primary school; it did not have any kind of healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well; there were no public toilets. The village had a public library but no post office; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Mainpuri, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1258/download/4046/DH_2011_0917_PART_A_DCHB_MAINPURI.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|131-6}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mainpuri district}}

[[Category:Villages in Mainpuri district]]