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Thappinchuku Thiruguvadu Dhanyudu Sumathi

2026-05-08T02:06:49Z

DessiePelloe5: Made Info

{{Short description|2024 Indian Telugu-language film by Narayana Chenna}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Thappinchuku Thiruguvadu Dhanyudu Sumathi.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Narayana Chenna
| writer = Narayana Chenna
| screenplay =
| story =
| producer = {{plain list|
* Bhikshamaiah Sangam
* Ashok Reddy Pendela
* Abinandan Ramanujam
* Aranyan Ramanujam
}}
| starring = {{plain list|
* [[Priyadarshi Pulikonda]]
* Shyam
* [[Srinda]]
* [[Manikandan R. Achari]]
* [[Niranjana Anoop]]
* Bhadram
}}
| cinematography = {{plain list|
* Jackson
* K. P. Sathishkumar
}}
| editing = [[Anthony (film editor)|Anthony]]
| music = Vivek{{ndash}}Abhishek
| studio = {{plain list|
* BS Production House
* Yellow Thoughts Creations
* AR Talkies
}}
| released = {{Film date|2024|02|23|df=y|ref1=}}
| runtime = 91 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Thappinchuku Thiruguvadu Dhanyudu Sumathi''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Crime film|crime]] [[Thriller film|thriller]] film written and directed by Narayana Chenna. The film features [[Priyadarshi Pulikonda]], Shyam, [[Srinda]], [[Manikandan R. Achari]], [[Niranjana Anoop]] and Bhadram in important roles.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Thappinchuku Thiruguvadu Dhanyudu SumathiUA |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-details/thappinchuku-thiruguvadu-dhanyudu-sumathi/movieshow/107913096.cms |access-date=4 December 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=29 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241129064204/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-details/thappinchuku-thiruguvadu-dhanyudu-sumathi/movieshow/107913096.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

The film was released on 23 November 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Niharika |first=S. |date=26 November 2024 |title=థియేటర్లలో కాదు... ఈ వారమే ఓటీటీలోకి ప్రియదర్శి సినిమా - అదీ తొమ్మిది నెలలకు |url=https://telugu.abplive.com/entertainment/ott-webseries/thappinchuku-thiruguvadu-dhanyudu-sumathi-ott-release-date-when-watch-priyadarshi-film-on-aha-video-platform-188498 |access-date=4 December 2024 |website=telugu.abplive.com |language=te |archive-date=29 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241129063628/https://telugu.abplive.com/entertainment/ott-webseries/thappinchuku-thiruguvadu-dhanyudu-sumathi-ott-release-date-when-watch-priyadarshi-film-on-aha-video-platform-188498 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{No plot|date=November 2024}}

==Cast==
* [[Priyadarshi Pulikonda]]
* M. G. Shyam
* [[Srinda]]
* [[Manikandan R. Achari]]
* [[Niranjana Anoop]]
* Bhadram
* Suri Vamsi
* Ranjini George
* Benzi Mathews

== Release ==
''Thappinchuku Thiruguvadu Dhanyudu Sumathi'' was released on 23 February 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ABN |date=22 February 2024 |title=థియేట‌ర్ల‌లో సినిమాల జాత‌ర‌.. ఈ వారం విడుద‌లవుతున్న చిత్రాలివే! {{!}} UPCOMING MOVIES ON Theaters This Week srk |url=https://www.chitrajyothy.com/2024/miscellaneous/upcoming-movies-on-theaters-this-week-srk-51244.html |access-date=4 December 2024 |website=Chitrajyothy Telugu News |language=te |archive-date=29 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241129064422/https://www.chitrajyothy.com/2024/miscellaneous/upcoming-movies-on-theaters-this-week-srk-51244.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Post-theatrical digital streaming rights were acquired by [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]] and premiered on 28 November 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Devulapally |first=Aditya |date=28 November 2024 |title=Priyadarshi's Thappinchuku Thiruguvadu Dhanyudu Sumathi gets OTT premiere |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Nov/28/priyadarshis-thappinchuku-thiruguvadu-dhanyudu-sumathi-gets-ott-premiere |access-date=4 December 2024 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=29 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241129063950/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Nov/28/priyadarshis-thappinchuku-thiruguvadu-dhanyudu-sumathi-gets-ott-premiere |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=27 November 2024 |title=Thappinchuku Thiruguvadu Dhanyudu Sumathi OTT release date confirmed. When and where to watch Priyadarshi's Telugu crime-thriller |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/thappinchuku-thiruguvadu-dhanyudu-sumathi-ott-release-date-confirmed-when-and-where-to-watch-priyadarshis-telugu-crime-thriller/articleshow/115735692.cms?from=mdr |access-date=4 December 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Kausalya Rachavelpula of ''[[The Hans India]]'' gave a rating of 1 out of 5 and stated that "''Thappinchuku Tirugu Vadu Dhanyudu Sumathi'' misses the mark as a compelling thriller. Priyadarshi’s stellar performance is {{as written|i|t's [sic]}} only redeeming quality, but its not enough to compensate for the lackluster storytelling and technical shortcomings".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rachavelpula |first=Kausalya |date=29 November 2024 |title=Thappinchuku Thiruguvadu Dhanyudu Sumathi Review: Forceful and Lack of Depth |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/thappinchuku-thiruguvadu-dhanyudu-sumathi-review-forceful-and-lack-of-depth-925765 |access-date=9 January 2025 |website=thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref> Vimalatha Reddy of BigTV too gave the same rating and is critical about the screenplay and pacing.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reddy |first=Vimalatha |date=29 November 2024 |title=Thappinchuku Thiruguvadu Dhanyudu Sumathi Review : 'తప్పించుకు తిరుగువాడు ధన్యుడు సుమతీ' రివ్యూ |url=https://www.bigtvlive.com/reviews/thappinchuku-thiruguvadu-dhanyudu-sumathi-review-in-telugu.html |access-date=4 December 2024 |website=bigtvlive.com |language=te}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|31579674}}

[[Category:2024 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Films set in Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Films shot in Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]

Uday Shankar

2026-05-07T10:25:47Z

DessiePelloe5: Made A Article

{{short description|Indian dancer, choreographer, actor}}
{{about|the dancer|other people|Uday Shankar (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Uday Shankar
| image = Uday Shankar, 1930s.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = 8 December 1900
| birth_place = [[Udaipur]], [[Udaipur State]], [[British India]]
| death_date = 26 September 1977 (aged 76)
| death_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| other_names =
| occupation = Dancer, choreographer
| known_for =
| spouse = [[Amala Shankar]]
| children = [[Ananda Shankar]] [[Mamata Shankar]]
| father = [[Shyam Shankar Choudhary]]
| mother = Hemangini Devi
| honours = [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]] (1962) [[Padma Vibhushan]] (1971)
}}

'''Uday Shankar''' (born '''Uday Shankar Chowdhury'''; 8 December 1900 – 26 September 1977) was an [[Indian dancer]] and choreographer, best known for creating a fusion style of dance, adapting European theatrical techniques to [[Indian classical dance]], imbued with elements of Indian classical, folk, and tribal dance, which he later popularised in India, Europe, and the United States in the 1920s and 1930s.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9067129/Uday-Shankar Uday Shankar] ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''</ref><ref>"Uday Shankar: a tribute", [[The Hindu]], 21 December 2001.</ref><ref name=nyt>[https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/06/arts/dance-view-one-of-india-s-early-ambassadors.html?sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print DANCE VIEW; ONE OF INDIA'S EARLY AMBASSADORS] [[New York Times]], 6 October 1985.</ref><ref>Sukanta Choudhary (1990) ''Calcutta, the Living City: The present and future''. Oxford University Press. p. 280.</ref><ref name=massey>Reginald Massey (2004) [https://books.google.com/books?id=Lif-Ct05aVgC&pg=PA255 ''India's dances: their history, technique, and repertoire'']. Abhinav Publications. {{ISBN|81-7017-434-1}}. pp. 221–225. Ch. 21.</ref> He was a pioneer of [[modern dance]] in India.

In 1962, he was awarded by [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], India's [[The National Academy for Music, Dance and Drama]], with its highest award, the [[List of Sangeet Natak Akademi fellows|Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]] for lifetime achievement, and in 1971, the [[Govt. of India]], awarded him its second highest civilian award the [[Padma Vibhushan]].

==Early life and education==
Uday Shankar Chowdhury was born in Udaipur, Rajasthan, the eldest son of a [[Bengali Brahmin]] family with origins in [[Narail District|Narail]] (present-day [[Bangladesh]]).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kothari|first=Sunil|date=2018-12-27|title=Reliving the classic film Kalpana by dance great Uday Shankar|url=https://www.asianage.com/life/more-features/271218/reliving-the-classic-film-kalpana-by-dance-great-uday-shankar.html|access-date=2022-01-16|website=The Asian Age}}</ref> His father [[Shyam Shankar Chowdhury]], a noted barrister, was employed with the [[Jhalawar State|Maharaja of Jhalawar]] in Rajasthan at the time of his eldest son's birth, and his mother Hemangini Devi was descended from a [[zamindari]] family. His father was granted the title, 'Harchowdhury' by the [[Maharaja]]s, but he preferred to use the surname '[[Chowdhury]]' minus 'Har.' Uday's younger brothers were Rajendra Shankar, Debendra Shankar, Bhupendra Shankar and [[Ravi Shankar]]. Of his siblings, Bhupendra died young in 1926.<ref>[http://www.mamatashankardancecompany.org/familytree.htm Family Tree] [[Mamta Shankar]] Dance Company, website.</ref><ref name=ram>[http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Biography/BiographyShankarRav.htm Biography of Ravi Shankar] [[Ramon Magsaysay Award]] website.</ref>

Uday Shankar's father was a Sanskrit scholar, who graduated with honours from the [[University of Calcutta]] and later studied at [[Oxford University]], where he became a Doctor of Philosophy.<ref name=cat>[http://www.catchcal.com/kaleidoscope/dances/udaysankar.asp Uday Shankar Biography] catchcal.com.</ref> Because his father moved frequently on account of his work, the family spent much time in Uday's maternal uncle's house in Nasratpur with his mother and brothers. Uday's studies also took place at various locations including Nasratpur, [[Ghazipur|Gazipur]], [[Varanasi]], and Jhalawar. At his Gazipur school, he learnt music and photography from Ambika Charan Mukhopaddhay, his Drawing and Crafts teacher.<ref name=cat/>

In 1918, at the age of eighteen, he was sent to Mumbai to train at the [[J. J. School of Art]] and then to [[Gandharva Mahavidyalaya]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Islam |first=Sirajul |year=2012 |chapter=Uday Shankar |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Uday_Shankar |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> By now, Shyam Shankar had resigned his post in Jhalawar and moved to London. Here he married an English woman and practised law, before becoming an amateur [[impresario]], introducing Indian dance and music to Britain. Subsequently, Uday joined his father in London, and on 23 August 1920, joined the [[Royal College of Art]], London to study painting under Sir [[William Rothenstein]]. He danced at a few charity performances that his father had organized in London, and on one such occasion, noted Russian ballerina [[Anna Pavlova]] happened to be present. This was to have a lasting impact on his career.<ref name=massey/>

==Career==
[[File:Uday Shankar and Ana Pavlova in 'Radha-Krishna' ballet, ca 1922.jpg|left|thumb|Uday Shankar and [[Anna Pavlova]] in the famous '[[Radha]]-[[Krishna]]' ballet, 1923.]]
Uday Shankar did not have any formal training in any of the [[Indian classical dance]] forms. Nevertheless, his presentations were creative.<ref>[[Sunil Kothari]] (2000) [http://www.narthaki.com/info/profiles/profile2.html Uday Shankar:An Appreciation]. Natya Kala Conference</ref> From a young age, he had been exposed to both Indian classical dance and folk dance, as well as to ballet during his stay in Europe. He decided to bring elements of both styles together to create a new dance, which he called Hi-dance. He went on to translate classical Indian dance forms and their [[iconography]] to dance movements, after studying the [[Rajput painting]] and [[Mughal painting]] styles at the British Museum. Further, during his stay in Britain, he came across several performing artists, subsequently when he left for Rome on the '[[Prix de Rome]]' scholarship of the French Government, for advanced studies in art.

Soon his interaction with such artists grew and so did the idea to transform Indian dance into a contemporary form. The turning point came with his first meetings with legendary Russian [[ballerina]] Anna Pavlova. She was looking for artists to collaborate on India-based themes. This led to the creation of ballets based on Hindu themes, '[[Radha]]-[[Krishna]]', a duet with Anna, and 'Hindu Wedding', for inclusion in her production, 'Oriental Impressions'. The ballet was presented at the [[Royal Opera House]], [[Covent Garden]], in London. Later he continued to conceive and choreograph ballets, including one based on the [[Ajanta Caves]] [[fresco]]es, which was performed across the United States.<ref>Nayana Bhat (26 September 2007) [http://www.narthaki.com/info/profiles/profil83.html The Uday Shankar story]. narthaki.com</ref> In time his style of dance came to be known as 'Hi-dance', though later he called it 'Creative dance'.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/40999493.cms Ballet Legacy]. ''[[The Times of India]]'', 22 March 2003.</ref>

He worked with Anna for one and a half years, before starting out on his own in Paris.
[[File:Uday Shankar Ballet Troupe, ca (1935-37).jpg|right|thumb|'Uday Shankar Ballet Troupe', ca (1935–37).]]
Shankar returned to India in 1927, along with a French pianist, Simon Barbiere, who was now his disciple and dance partner, and a Swiss sculptor, [[Alice Boner]], who wanted to study Indian art history. He was welcomed by [[Rabindranath Tagore]] himself, who also persuaded him to open a performing arts school in India.

On his return to Paris in 1931, he founded Europe's first [[Indian dance]] company, along with [[Alice Boner]], who by now had become one of his disciples. Together with musicians Vishnu Dass Shirali and Timir Baran, he created a new template for music to accompany his newly devised movements. His first series of dance performances were held on 3 March 1931, at the [[Champs-Elysees Theatre]] in Paris, which was to become his base as he toured through Europe.<ref name=red>[http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/apr/27uday.htm UNESCO observes grand centenary functions in Paris]. [[Rediff.com]], 27 April 2001.</ref>

Soon he embarked on a seven-year tour through Europe and America with his own troupe, which he called – 'Uday Shankar and his Hindu Ballet', under the aegis of [[impresario]] [[Sol Hurok]] and [[Celebrity Series of Boston]] of impresario, [[Aaron Richmond]]. He performed in the United States for the first time in January 1933 in New York City, along with his dance partner Simkie, a French dancer. As part of the visit, a reception was held at the [[Grand Central Art Galleries]].<ref>Grand Central Art Galleries, 1934 yearbook</ref> After,{{when|date=July 2023}} Shankar and his troupe set out on an 84-city tour throughout the country.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090726090158/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,754057,00.html Largest Tour] Time, 30 October 1933.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090726083822/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,753594,00.html Dancer from Hindustan]. ''Time'', 9 January 1933.</ref>

His adaptation of European [[Theatre technique|theatrical techniques]] to Indian dance made his art hugely popular both in India and abroad, and he is rightly credited for ushering in a new era for traditional Indian temple dances, which until then had been known for their strict interpretations, and which were also going through their own revival. Meanwhile, his brother Ravi Shankar was helping to popularise [[Indian classical music]] in the outside world.

[[File:Kalpana, 1948 film showing Uday Shankar and Amala Shankar.gif|right|thumb|''[[Kalpana (1948 film)|Kalpana]]'', 1948 film showing Uday Shankar and Amala Shankar]]
In 1936, he was invited by [[Leonard Knight Elmhirst]], who had earlier assisted [[Rabindranath Tagore]] in building [[Sriniketan]], close to [[Shanti Niketan]], to visit [[Dartington Hall]], Totnes, Devon for a six-month residency, with his troupe and lead dancer, Simkie. Also present there were Michel Chekhov, nephew of Russian playwright Anton Chekhov, the German modern dancer-choreographer, [[Kurt Jooss]] and another German [[Rudolf Laban]], who had invented a system of [[dance notation]]. This experience only added more exuberance to his [[expressionist dance]].<ref name=ign/>

In 1938, he made India his base, and established the 'Uday Shankar India Cultural Centre', at Simtola, 3 km from [[Almora]], in [[Uttarakhand]] [[Himalayas]], and invited Sankaran Namboodri for [[Kathakali]], Kandappa Pillai for [[Bharatanatyam]], Amubi Singh for [[Manipuri dance|Manipuri]] and [[Ustad Allauddin Khan]] for music. Soon, he had a large assemblage of artists and dancers, including [[Guru Dutt]], Shanti Bardhan, Simkie, Amala, Satyavati, Narendra Sharma, [[Ruma Guha Thakurta]], Prabhat Ganguly, [[Zohra Sehgal]], Uzra, [[Lakshmi Shankar]], [[Shanta Gandhi]]; his own brothers Rajendra, Debendra and Ravi also joined him as students. The centre, however, closed after four years in 1942, due to a paucity of funds. As his students dispersed, he regrouped his energies and headed South, where he made his only film, ''[[Kalpana (1948 film)|Kalpana]]'' (Imagination) in 1948, based on his dance, in which both he and his wife Amala Shankar danced. The film was produced and shot at [[Gemini Studios]], [[Madras]].<ref>{{IMDb name|1142684}}</ref> In 2008, the film was digitally restored by the [[Cineteca di Bologna]], in association with The [[The Film Foundation|Film Foundation]]’s [[World Cinema Project]] and the [[National Film Archive of India]], among others.<ref>{{Cite web|last=World Cinema Project|date=2008|title=Kalpana|url=http://www.film-foundation.org/world-cinema?sortBy=country&sortOrder=1&page=2|access-date=2021-07-06|website=www.film-foundation.org}}</ref>

Uday Shankar settled in [[Ballygunge]], [[Kolkata]] in 1960, where the "Uday Shankar Center for Dance" was opened in 1965. In 1962, he was awarded the highest award of the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], the [[List of Sangeet Natak Akademi fellows|Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]] for his lifetime contribution to [[Indian dance]].

==Personal life==
Uday is the elder brother of [[Ravi Shankar]]. He married his dance partner, [[Amala Shankar]], and together they had a son, [[Ananda Shankar]], born in 1942, and a daughter, [[Mamata Shankar]], born in 1955. Ananda Shankar became a musician and composer who trained with Dr. [[Lalmani Misra]] rather than with his uncle, Ravi Shankar, and in time became known for his fusion music, encompassing both European and Indian music styles. Mamata Shankar, a dancer like her parents, became a noted actress, working in films by [[Satyajit Ray]] and [[Mrinal Sen]]. She also runs the 'Udayan Dance Company' in Kolkata, and travels extensively through the world.<ref>Mohd. Anis Md. Nor (2007) ''Dialogues in dance discourse: creating dance in Asia Pacific''. Cultural Centre, University of Malaya. p. 63. {{ISBN|983-2085-85-3}}.</ref>

==Legacy==
[[File:Uday Shankar 1978 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Uday Shankar on a 1978 stamp of India]]
Uday (b. 1900, d. 1977) and Amala Shankar (b. 1919, d. 2020) decided to open Uday Shankar India Culture Centre (named after Uday Shankar's Almora centre for dance) in Kolkata in 1965, where Amala Shankar remained the Director-in-Charge, from the day of its inception. She was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1991. The school continued until 2015, remaining dedicated to carrying on with Shankar's ideas about processes of innovative and creative dance making.

Shankar's followers and associates include Shanti Bardhan, creator of [[Ramayana]] ballets presentations, [[Guru Dutt]], one of India's finest film directors, [[Lakshmi Shankar]], a noted classical singer, [[Zohra Sehgal]], who performed on the stage, television, and the cinema both in India and in Britain.<ref name=ign>[http://ignca.nic.in/ex_0054.htm Celebrating Creativity: Life & Work of Uday Shankar] [[IGNCA]]</ref>
[[File:Uday Shankar Sarani - Tollygunge - Kolkata 2012-10-09 1605.JPG|right|thumb|The Uday Shankar Sarani at Tollygunge area of Kolkata.]]
In December 1983, his younger brother, [[sitar]] player Ravi Shankar organised a four-day festival, ''Uday-Utsav Festival'' in New Delhi, marking the 60th anniversary of his professional debut in 1923, highlighted by performances by his disciples, films, an exhibition and orchestral music composed and orchestrated by Ravi Shankar himself.<ref name=nyt/> The centenary celebrations of his birth were formally launched at the [[UNESCO]] headquarters in Paris on 26 April 2001, where dancers, choreographers and scholars from all over the world assembled to pay homage to Uday Shankar.<ref name=red/> In the [[Tollygunge]] area of south Kolkata, the Golf Club road has been renamed to Uday Shankar Sarani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120930083123/http://www.calcuttaweb.com/roadnamech.shtml "Kolkata (Calcutta) Street Road Name Change."] Calcuttawe</ref>

==Awards==
* 1960: [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] – 'Creative Dance'<ref>[http://www.sangeetnatak.com/programmes_recognition&honours_dance_cdc.html Creative Dance] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081005121314/http://www.sangeetnatak.com/programmes_recognition%26honours_dance_cdc.html |date=5 October 2008 }} [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] Official listings.</ref>
* 1962: [[List of Sangeet Natak Akademi fellows|Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]]
* 1971: [[Padma Vibhushan]]
* 1975: ''Desikottama'', [[Visva-Bharati University]]

==See also==
* [[List of dancers]]

== Selected discography ==
*''The Original Uday Shankar Company of Hindu Musicians, Recorded During the Historic 1937 Visit to the United States'', instrumental ensemble: [[Vishnudass Shirala]], [[Sisir Sovan]], Rabindra (Ravi Shankar), [[Dulal Sen]], [[Nagen Dey]], [[Brijo Behari]]
**''Indian Music: Ragas and Dances'', The Original Uday Shankar Company of Hindu Musicians. Recorded during the historic 1937 visit to the United States. RCA/Victrola VIC-1361 (1968 reissue, 10 tracks: 4 ragas, 5 dances, 1 [[bhajan]])
**''Ravi Shankar: Flowers of India'' El Records (2007), containing all tracks from the original album<ref>[http://www.cherryred.co.uk/el/artists/ravishankar.php The Flowers of India – acmem117cd] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121144132/http://cherryred.co.uk/el/artists/ravishankar.php |date=21 November 2010 }} [[Cherry Red Records]].</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
28. Sarkar Munsi, Urmimala (2011). 'Imag(in)ing The Nation: Uday Shankar's Kalpana' in ''Traversing Traditions: Celebrating Dance in India''. Eds. Urmimala Sarkar Munsi & Stephanie Burridge. Routledge: India, UK, USA. pp. 124–150.

29. Sarkar Munsi, Urmimala (2010). 'Boundaries and Beyond: Problems of Nomenclature in Indian Dance' in ''Dance: Transcending Borders''. Ed. Urmimala Sarkar Munsi. [[Tulika Books]]: Delhi. pp. 78–98.

==Further reading==
* ''Uday Shankar and his art'', by Projesh Banerji. Published by B.R. Pub. Corp., 1982.
* ''His Dance, His Life: A Portrait of Uday Shankar'', by Mohan Khokar. Published by Himalayan Books, 1983.
* ''Uday Shankar'', by Paschimbanga Rajya Sangeet Akademi. Published by West Bengal State Sangeet Academy, Information & Cultural Affairs Dept., [[Govt.]] of [[West Bengal]], 2000.
* ''Uday Shankar'', by Ashoke Kumar Mukhopadhyay. 2008. {{ISBN|81-291-0265-X}}.
* ''Honoring Uday Shankar'', by Fernau Hall. [[Dance Chronicle]], Volume 7, Issue 3 1983, pages 326 – 344.
* [http://www.mukto-mona.com/new_site/mukto-mona/Articles/jaffor/uday_shankar.htm ''Uday Shankar’s Short Biography 1900–1977 '', A.H. Jaffor Ullah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605111640/http://www.mukto-mona.com/new_site/mukto-mona/Articles/jaffor/uday_shankar.htm |date=5 June 2011 }}
* [http://www.mukto-mona.com/new_site/mukto-mona/Articles/jaffor/uday_shanka2.htm ''Who Remembers Uday Shankar?'', Prof. Joan L. Erdman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605110027/http://www.mukto-mona.com/new_site/mukto-mona/Articles/jaffor/uday_shanka2.htm |date=5 June 2011 }}
* [http://www.mukto-mona.com/new_site/mukto-mona/Articles/jaffor/uday_shanka3.htm ''Uday Shankar―the choreographer par excellence: A pictorial view'', A.H. Jaffor Ullah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161015204621/https://mukto-mona.com/new_site/mukto-mona/Articles/jaffor/uday_shanka3.htm |date=15 October 2016 }}
* [http://www.mukto-mona.com/new_site/mukto-mona/Articles/jaffor/uday_shanka4.htm ''Uday Shankar Troupe's 1937 Recordings of Indian Ragas'', A.H. Jaffor Ullah ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161015205530/https://mukto-mona.com/new_site/mukto-mona/Articles/jaffor/uday_shanka4.htm |date=15 October 2016 }}

==External links==
{{commons category|Uday Shankar}}
* [http://www.mukto-mona.com/new_site/mukto-mona/Articles/jaffor/uday_shankar.htm Uday Shankar―the choreographer par excellence: A pictorial view] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605111640/http://www.mukto-mona.com/new_site/mukto-mona/Articles/jaffor/uday_shankar.htm |date=5 June 2011 }}
* [http://ignca.nic.in/ex_0054.htm Celebrating Creativity: Life & Work of Uday Shankar] at [[IGNCA]]

{{Shankar family}}
{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}
{{SangeetNatakAkademiFellowship}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shankar, Uday}}
[[Category:1900 births]]
[[Category:1977 deaths]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Royal College of Art]]
[[Category:Bengali male artists]]
[[Category:Indian choreographers]]
[[Category:Indian male dancers]]
[[Category:People from Udaipur]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]]
[[Category:Sir J. J. School of Art alumni]]
[[Category:Dancers from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Shankar family|Uday]]

ABG-class fast interceptor craft

2026-05-06T14:14:07Z

DessiePelloe5: created new entry

{{Short description|High-speed boats built for the Indian Coast Guard}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
|image=Andaman Island ,India.jpg
|image_caption=ABG Fast Interceptor Craft C-150
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/class overview
|name=
|builders=[[ABG Shipyard]]
|operators={{coast guard|India}}
|class_before=
|class_after=
|subclasses=
|cost=₹194 crore (US $28,000,000)
|built_range=
|in_service_range=
|in_commission_range=2002-present
|total_ships_building=
|total_ships_planned=13
|total_ships_completed=13
|total_ships_canceled=
|total_ships_active=13
|total_ships_laid_up=
|total_ships_lost=
|total_ships_retired=
|total_ships_preserved=
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
|hide_header=
|header_caption=
|type=[[Fast interceptor craft]]
|tonnage=*{{cvt|60.6|t|-2|lk=on}} ([[Displacement (ship)#Standard displacement|standard]])
*{{cvt|60.6|t|-2|lk=on}} (full load)
|length=*{{convert|21.75|m|abbr=on}}
*{{convert|26|m|abbr=on}} ([[length overall|oa]])
|beam={{convert|6.6|m|abbr=on}}
|height=
|draught={{convert|1.180|m|abbr=on}}
|sail_plan=
|power=2 x 2,040 kW
|propulsion=2 x [[Kamewa]] 63-S2 Waterjet
|speed=*{{convert|45|kn|1|lk=in}} (sprint)
*{{convert|35|kn|1|lk=in}} (cruising)
|range={{cvt|500|nmi|lk=on}} at {{convert|25|kn}}
|boats=
|capacity=
|crew=
|sensors=
|notes=
}}
}}

'''ABG fast interceptor craft''' are a series of thirteen {{convert|26|m|ft|adj=on}} high-speed interceptor boats designed and supplied in knocked down kits by [[Henderson, Western Australia|Henderson]] based Global Marine Design (Headed by Gavin Mair) and assembled by [[ABG Shipyard]], [[Surat]] for the [[Indian Coast Guard]].

==Design==
They are wide [[aluminum]]-hulled, water jet-propelled vessels for operations in close coastal and shallow waters. They have an endurance of {{convert|500|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|25|kn|lk=in}} and capable of doing high speed up to {{convert|45|kn}}. The ABG fast interceptors are fitted with a 12.7 mm "Prahari" Heavy Machine Gun (HMG). They have a crew of eleven enrolled personnel, with one officer and ten sailors.

==History==
Initially two units were ordered by the Indian Coast Guard for evaluation during 1999–2000 at a cost of Rs 26.5 crore. The first unit (''C-141'') was launched in October 2000 and was delivered in 2001. The second unit (''C-142'') was delivered on 8 February 2002. They were commissioned at [[Porbandar]] and were extensively tested by the Coast Guard for ascertaining their speed and design specifications. The boats achieved the desired speed during trials. Thereafter a follow-on order was placed on 30 March 2006 for 11 boats. The cost price of each unit in the follow-on order was Rs 17.63 crore, aggregating to Rs 193.94 crore for the whole order.

===Ships===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Yard No.
!IMO No.
!Pennant No.
!Commissioned
!Homeport
!Status
|-
| n/a
| 9217539
| C-141
| 8 February 2002
| Kakinada
| Active<ref>{{Cite news|title = High speed interceptor boat for Kakinada port|url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/high-speed-interceptor-boat-for-kakinada-port/article686346.ece|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 2010-01-19|access-date = 2015-12-27|issn = 0971-751X|language = en-IN}}</ref>
|-
| n/a
| 9217541
| C-142
| 8 February 2002
| Porbandar
| Active
|-
| 243
| 9502104
| C-143
| 3 June 2009
| Vizhinjam
| Active<ref>{{Cite web|title = Two Kerala fishermen killed in boat-ship collision|url = http://www.rediff.com/news/report/kerala-two-fishermen-killed-in-ship-boat-collision/20120301.htm|website = Rediff|access-date = 2015-12-27}}</ref>
|-
| 244
| 9502178
| C-144
| 9 October 2009
| Beypore
| Active<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiancoastguard.nic.in/indiancoastguard/dgvisit/C-144/Commissioning_C-144.htm |title=Indian Coast Guard |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304190308/http://indiancoastguard.nic.in/indiancoastguard/dgvisit/C-144/Commissioning_C-144.htm |archive-date=2016-03-04 }}</ref>
|-
| 245
| 9502180
| C-145
| 16 April 2010
| Mumbai
| Active<ref>{{Cite web|title = Coast Guard adds high-speed interceptor boat to its fleet - Indian Express|url = http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/coast-guard-adds-highspeed-interceptor-boat-to-its-fleet/561790/|website = archive.indianexpress.com|access-date = 2015-12-27}}</ref>
|-
| 246
| 9502192
| C-146
| 16 April 2010
| Port Blair
| Active
|-
| 247
| 9502207
| C-147
| 28 May 2010
| Port Blair
| Active<ref>{{Cite web|title = Coast Guard Inducts Interceptor Boat ICGS C-147 At Port Blair|url = http://www.andamansheekha.com/2013/02/28/coast-guard-inducts-interceptor-boat-icgs-c-147-at-port-blair/|website = www.andamansheekha.com| date=28 February 2013 |access-date = 2015-12-27}}</ref>
|-
| 248
| 9502219
| C-148
| 1 October 2010
| Haldia
| Active<ref>{{Cite web|title = Coast Guard to deploy interceptor boats for Sundarbans - The Economic Times|url = http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/coast-guard-to-deploy-interceptor-boats-for-sundarbans/articleshow/46879774.cms|website = The Economic Times|access-date = 2015-12-27}}</ref>
|-
| 249
| 9502221
| C-149
| 1 December 2010
| Veraval
| Active<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://defenceforumindia.com/forum/threads/indian-coast-guard-news-discussions.6390/page-5|title = Defense Forum India|date = 29 October 2009|website = |publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref>
|-
| 250
| 9502245
| C-150
| 28 March 2011
| Vizhinjam
| Active<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = Coast Guard Commissions New Station and Inducts Two Interceptor Boats|url = http://www.defencenow.com/news/130/coast-guard-commissions-new-station-and-inducts-two-interceptor-boats.html|website = www.defencenow.com|access-date = 2015-12-27|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160105162100/http://www.defencenow.com/news/130/coast-guard-commissions-new-station-and-inducts-two-interceptor-boats.html|archive-date = 2016-01-05|url-status = dead}}</ref>
|-
| 251
| 9502257
| C-151
| 28 March 2011
| Kakinada
| Active<ref name=":0" />
|-
| 253
| 9502269
| C-152
| 18 June 2011
| Okha
| Active<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiancoastguard.nic.in/indiancoastguard/New%20Commissioned%20Units/c-152.htm |title=Indian Coast Guard |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304185414/http://www.indiancoastguard.nic.in/indiancoastguard/New%20Commissioned%20Units/c-152.htm |archive-date=2016-03-04 }}</ref>
|-
| 254
| 9502271
| C-153
| 22 October 2011
| Veraval
| Active<ref>{{Cite web|title = Interceptor Boat ICGS C-153 to Join Coast Guard Fleet at Porbandar tomorrow|url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=76792|website = pib.nic.in|access-date = 2015-12-27}}</ref>
|}

[[File:ABG-class fast interceptor C-148.jpg|thumb|ABG-class fast interceptor with ICGS Varaha OPV during rescue exercise]]

==See also==
* [[Solas Marine Fast Interceptor Boat]]
* [[L&T-class fast interceptor craft]]
* [[Couach fast interceptor boats]]
* [[Cochin Fast Patrol Vessels]]
* [[Alcock Ashdown Survey Catamaran]]
* [[Rajshree-class patrol vessel]]
* [[Rani Abbakka-class patrol vessel]]
* [[GSL-class offshore patrol vessel]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.marinekits.com/catalogue.php?id=161 Marine Kits catalogue] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110219091555/http://www.marinekits.com/catalogue.php?id=161 |date=19 February 2011 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110928042118/http://www.capitalmarket.com/cmedit/story2-0.asp?SNo=123016 Capital Market]
* [http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=none&id=news/awx/2010/10/01/awx_10_01_2010_p0-258973.xml&headline=Indian%20Coast%20Guard%20Adds%20Interceptor%20Boat Aviation Week]{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Ship classes of the Indian Coast Guard}}

[[Category:Fast attack craft of the Indian Coast Guard]]
[[Category:Patrol boat classes]]
[[Category:Auxiliary search and rescue ship classes]]
[[Category:Ships of the Indian Coast Guard]]
[[Category:Military boats]]

Alex Pandian

2026-05-03T20:43:38Z

DessiePelloe5: created a data...

{{Short description|2013 Indian film directed by Suraj}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Alex Pandian movie poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Suraj (director)|Suraj]]
| producer = [[K. E. Gnanavel Raja]]
| writer = Suraj
| starring = [[Karthi]] [[Anushka Shetty]] [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]] [[Milind Soman]] [[Suman (actor)|Suman]]
| music = [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| cinematography = [[S. Saravanan]]
| editing = [[Praveen K. L.]] [[N. B. Srikanth]]
| studio = [[Studio Green]]
| released = {{Film date|2013|1|11|df=y}}
| runtime = 162 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Alex Pandian''''' is a 2013 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action comedy film]] written and directed by [[Suraj (director)|Suraj]] and produced by [[K. E. Gnanavel Raja]]. The film features [[Karthi]] as the titular character along with [[Anushka Shetty]], while [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]], [[Milind Soman]] and [[Suman (actor)|Suman]], among others, play supporting roles. The music was composed by [[Devi Sri Prasad]]. The film released on 11 January 2013, and was poorly received.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Thimmayya |first=Daniel |date=12 January 2013 |title=Alex Pandian draws Rajini fans to theatres |url=http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article1417893.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119123739/http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article1417893.ece |archive-date=2013-01-19 |access-date=2026-04-27 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The film starts with Alex Pandian and Divya jumping off a train in an attempt to escape the goons who are seeking to kill them. Three days later, Alex enters Kaalayan's house. Alex's playful attitude and closeness with Kaalayan's three sisters irritates him, and he makes many attempts to evict Alex from his house, but it only makes the bond between Alex and the sisters stronger. Alex also comes into conflict and shaves the head of a local goon, whose brother Parthiban swears revenge on him, but later, it is revealed that like the movie ''[[Paruthiveeran]]'', Alex and Parthiban are old friends, and they come to terms. Meanwhile, Divya is receiving treatment, [[chemist]] Alvin Martin and corrupt doctor GKM are in search of the two. Upon finding Alex and Divya, the goons chase them. Kaalayan demands to know who Divya is. Divya happens to be the daughter of the Chief Minister. Alex, a local thief, is asked to kidnap Divya for three days so that the CM would sign the papers which would allow Alvin and GKM to distribute fake medicines with devastating side effects. Alex brings her and keeps her as a hostage in a forest. On the third day, as Alex is driving back, Divya explains the reason for why she was asked to be kidnapped and thus requests him to take her back to her father. Alex decides to save Divya. The film shifts back to the present and by now, Divya has fallen in love with Alex. As fate would have it, the goons arrive at their hiding place. The film ends with Alex killing the villains and uniting with Divya.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Karthi]] as Alex Pandian
* [[Anushka Shetty]] as Divya
* [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]] as Kaalayan
* [[Milind Soman]] as Alvin Martin
* [[Suman (actor)|Suman]] as Dr. GKM
* [[Visu]] as Chief Minister
* [[Prathap Pothen]] as Radhakrishnan (CM's secretary)
* [[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]] as Parthiban
* [[Mahadevan (actor)|Mahadevan]] as Swamiji
* [[Nikita Thukral]] as Gayathri, Kaalayan's elder sister
* [[Akanksha Puri]] as Kaalayan's middle sister
* [[Sanusha]] as Sneha, Kaalayan's younger sister
* [[Manobala]] as Captain Divakaran
* [[Raj Kapoor (Tamil film director)|Raj Kapoor]] as Muthuvel (Police Commissioner)
* [[Santhana Bharathi]] as Home Minister
* [[Renuka (actress)|Renuka]] as Rani
* [[Vaiyapuri]] as Nandu
* [[Lollu Sabha Manohar]] as Saani Urundai
* [[Aryan (Tamil actor)|Aryan]] as Rowdy
* [[Vichu Vishwanath]]
}}

== Production ==

=== Development ===
In March 2011, the film was titled as ''Alex Pandiyan'' named after [[Rajinikanth]]'s character from ''[[Moondru Mugam]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raghavan |first=Nikhil |date=10 November 2012 |title=A win-win formula |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/a-winwin-formula/article4084841.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323032147/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/a-winwin-formula/article4084841.ece |archive-date=23 March 2018 |access-date=16 December 2019 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> Karthi described ''Alex Pandian'' as a [[masala film]] since, like other films in the genre, it was a mixture of "entertainment, action and comedy".<ref name="MasalaGenre">{{Cite magazine |last=Srinivasan |first=Pavithra |date=January 2013 |title=Gnashing his teeth with Alex Pandian |url=https://issuu.com/ssritzweb/docs/jan2013addtitional |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228013640/https://issuu.com/ssritzweb/docs/jan2013addtitional |archive-date=28 February 2023 |access-date=19 February 2021 |magazine=[[South Scope]] |page=8 |via=[[Issuu]]}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
In April 2011, it was announced that the film would be shot and readied for an August 2011 release.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2011 |title=Karthi- Waiting for the right choice |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/karthi-waiting-for-the-right-choice-news-tamil-ldtkAxefbaa.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110319212827/http://www.sify.com/movies/karthi-waiting-for-the-right-choice-news-tamil-ldtkAxefbaa.html |archive-date=19 March 2011 |access-date=12 February 2012 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> [[Anushka Shetty]] was signed on to play the leading female role in the film, after delivering consecutive box office successes with ''[[Singam]]'', ''[[Vaanam]]'' and ''[[Deiva Thirumagal]]''. [[Nikita Thukral]] and [[Lakshmi Rai]] both claimed they had signed on to play the second heroine, before Suraj later confirmed that Thukral had edged it.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 December 2011 |title=Everyone wants a piece of Karthi |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-20/news-interviews/30537450_1_karthi-lakshmi-rai-heroines |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202094839/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-20/news-interviews/30537450_1_karthi-lakshmi-rai-heroines |archive-date=2 February 2014 |access-date=12 February 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Suraj revealed that Meghna would play another heroine – though conflicting reports had given the role to [[Meghna Naidu]],{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}} [[Meghna Raj]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 January 2012 |title=Meghana opts out of Karthi's film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Meghana-opts-out-of-Karthis-film/articleshow/11661812.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115204623/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-28/news-interviews/30673203_1_anushka-film-starrer |archive-date=15 January 2013 |access-date=12 February 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> and [[Meghna Nair]] of ''[[Siruthai]]'' fame.{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}} The role was later given to newcomer [[Akanksha Puri]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malini |first=Shankaran |date=10 February 2012 |title=Akanksha Puri: Who's that gal? |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-10/news-interviews/31045478_1_film-gal-anushka |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202094823/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-10/news-interviews/31045478_1_film-gal-anushka |archive-date=2 February 2014 |access-date=25 February 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Sanusha]] was roped in for another leading female role in the film, while it was confirmed that Santhanam would play brother to the three girls apart from Anushka.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2012 |title=Sanusha to romance Karthi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/sanusha-to-romance-karthi/articleshow/11401869.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202094819/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-07/news-interviews/30601241_1_karthi-romance-mollywood |archive-date=2 February 2014 |access-date=12 February 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Milind Soman]] and [[Suman (actor)|Suman]] were selected to play negative roles,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Karthi's Alex Pandian has mean villains |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/karthi-s-alex-pandian-has-mean-villains-news-tamil-mcslcdjiifj.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413175100/http://www.sify.com/movies/karthi-s-alex-pandian-has-mean-villains-news-tamil-mcslcdjiifj.html |archive-date=2012-04-13 |access-date=2026-01-10 |work=Sify}}</ref> while [[Prathap Pothen]] was selected for a pivotal role.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nayar |first=Parvathy S |date=7 August 2012 |title=Busy days ahead for Pratap Pothen |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/malayalam/news-and-interviews/Busy-days-ahead-for-Pratap-Pothen/articleshow/15375086.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202094844/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-07/news-and-interviews/33066739_1_mollywood-busy-days-22fk |archive-date=2 February 2014 |access-date=7 December 2012 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

=== Filming ===

Shooting started on 11 November 2011 at [[Chalakudy]], [[Kerala]] without a title.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-11-14 |title=Karthi-Anushka starrer starts rolling! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/karthi-anushka-starrer-starts-rolling-news-news-llojHkhdjdf.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117014654/http://www.sify.com/movies/karthi-anushka-starrer-starts-rolling-news-news-llojHkhdjdf.html |archive-date=2011-11-17 |access-date=2026-04-27 |work=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> In March 2012, Gnanavel Raja alleged that [[Ameer Sultan]] had stalled the shooting of the film,<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 March 2012 |title=Alex Pandian shoot stalled |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/others/news-interviews/Alex-Pandian-shoot-stalled/articleshow/12258771.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202094834/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-14/news-interviews/31164478_1_ameer-crew-members-fefsi |archive-date=2 February 2014 |access-date=15 October 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=Mar 13, 2012 |title=Karthi's Alex Pandian shooting disrupted |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/karthi-s-alex-pandian-shooting-disrupted-news-tamil-mdnkv8fhbdf.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314122936/http://www.sify.com/movies/karthi-s-alex-pandian-shooting-disrupted-news-tamil-mdnkv8fhbdf.html |archive-date=2012-03-14 |access-date=2026-01-10 |work=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> but he refuted the allegations.{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}} A stunt sequence on a train with Karthi and Anushka with the supervision of Ganesh with six cameras under the expertise of cameraman Saravanan, a train was hired for 15 days for this daring sequence which ran for a length of 30 km from Mysore to Krishnarajasagar dam, A sum of around 20 million was spent on the stunt sequence with 50 stunt artistes flying in from Chennai for the shoot. Over 300 junior artistes were involved in the sequence apart from Milind Soman and Suman.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 June 2012 |title=Karthi's costly stunt sequence for Alex Pandian |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/karthi-s-costly-stunt-sequence-for-alex-pandian-news-tamil-mgnlvFhcieg.html?scategory=tamil |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317074214/http://www.sify.com/movies/karthi-s-costly-stunt-sequence-for-alex-pandian-news-tamil-mgnlvFhcieg.html?scategory=tamil |archive-date=17 March 2014 |access-date=18 August 2012 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Music ==
The film's music was composed by [[Devi Sri Prasad]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2012 |title=Alex Pandian's tracklist |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-12/news-interviews/35773189_1_alex-pandian-suraaj-devi-sri-prasad |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202094826/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-12/news-interviews/35773189_1_alex-pandian-suraaj-devi-sri-prasad |archive-date=2 February 2014 |access-date=25 February 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The audio rights were secured by Gemini Audio. The album was released on 12 December 2012, Rajinikanth's birthday.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 November 2012 |title=Alex Pandian audio confirmed on 12/12/12 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/alex-pandian-audio-confirmed-on-12-12-12-news-tamil-mlutcgcbjec.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121121204540/http://www.sify.com/movies/Alex-Pandian-audio-confirmed-on-12-12-12-news-tamil-mlutcgcbjec.html |archive-date=21 November 2012 |access-date=21 November 2012 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Alex Pandian for Pongal |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/alex-pandian-for-pongal-imagegallery-kollywood-mmpmkEjedhi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221034914/http://www.sify.com/movies/alex-pandian-for-pongal-imagegallery-kollywood-mmpmkEjedhi.html |archive-date=2012-12-21 |access-date=2026-01-21 |work=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 22:11
| title1 = Onnam Class
| lyrics1 = [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
| extra1 = [[Mukesh Mohamed]], [[Priyadarshini (singer)|Priyadarshini]]
| length1 = 3:54
| title2 = Thakka Thaiyaa
| lyrics2 = [[Viveka (lyricist)|Viveka]]
| extra2 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| length2 = 5:07
| title3 = Naalu Pakkam
| lyrics3 = Viveka
| extra3 = Devi Sri Prasad, [[Anitha Karthikeyan]]
| length3 = 4:39
| title4 = Bad Boy
| lyrics4 = Karunakaran
| extra4 = [[Baba Sehgal]], [[Priya Himesh]]
| length4 = 4:27
| title5 = Rayya Rayya
| lyrics5 = [[Pa. Vijay]]
| extra5 = [[Javed Ali]], [[Ranina Reddy]]
| length5 = 4:04
}}

== Release and response ==
''Alex Pandian'' was initially scheduled to release on 12 January 2013,<ref>{{Cite news |title='Alex Pandian' gets aggressive! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/alex-pandian-up-s-the-ante-news-tamil-nbilSPdfdbb.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111075621/http://www.sify.com/movies/alex-pandian-up-s-the-ante-news-tamil-nbilSPdfdbb.html |archive-date=2013-01-11 |access-date=2026-01-10 |work=Sify}}</ref> but was advanced to the day before, 11 January.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Alex Pandian' preponed to Jan 11 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/alex-pandian-preponed-to-jan-11-news-tamil-nbhw9giahhb.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130112014829/http://www.sify.com/movies/alex-pandian-preponed-to-jan-11-news-tamil-nbhw9giahhb.html |archive-date=2013-01-12 |access-date=2026-01-10 |work=Sify}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Sify]]'' described it as a "potpourri of commercial mass masala not mixed in the right proportion", going on to conclude: "An old-fashioned entertainer that plays to the gallery, ''Alex Pandian'' is exaggerated and formulaic".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alex Pandian |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/alex-pandian-review-tamil-15017542.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505115346/http://www.sify.com/movies/alex-pandian-review-tamil-15017542.html |archive-date=5 May 2013 |access-date=25 February 2013 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> Pavithra Srinivasan from ''[[Rediff.com|Rediff]]'' stated that the film was a "masala, cliche-ridden entertainer which fails miserably", calling it a "disaster", while giving it 1.5 stars out 5.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Pavithra |date=14 January 2013 |title=Review: Alex Pandian is a disaster |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-alex-pandian-is-a-disaster/20130114.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130302183538/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-alex-pandian-is-a-disaster/20130114.htm |archive-date=2 March 2013 |access-date=25 February 2013 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |language=en}}</ref> ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave it 2.5 out of 5 and wrote, "''Alex Pandian'', while not really a bad film or a badly-made one, often feels strictly functional. Yes, the comedy sequences work and save the film to an extent, but considering its minimal ambitions, a sense of deja vu and disappointment as you leave the theatre is inescapable".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M |date=Jan 12, 2013 |title=Alex Pandian |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/movie-reviews/Alex-Pandian/movie-review/18006979.cms |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116191855/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/movie-reviews/alex-pandian/movie-review/18006979.cms |archive-date=16 January 2013 |access-date=25 February 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> ''[[The Hindu]]''{{'}}s Malathi Rangarajan wrote, "Karthi tries to infuse spirit and energy into the film with an ample dose of humour, but the story that's run of the mill and comedy that tires you after a point offer little help".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=12 January 2013 |title=Clichés of the commercial |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-cinema/clichs-of-the-commercial/article4301761.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130223090128/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-cinema/clichs-of-the-commercial/article4301761.ece |archive-date=23 February 2013 |access-date=25 February 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' wrote that the film "may fail to enthral even die-hard Karthi fans".<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2013 |title=Review: 'Alex Pandian' |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130115/entertainment-movie-reviews/article/review-%E2%80%98alex-pandian%E2%80%99 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125175153/http://deccanchronicle.com/130115/entertainment-movie-reviews/article/review-%E2%80%98alex-pandian%E2%80%99 |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 February 2013 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref> Malini Mannath of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote, "A remix of what we’ve seen in earlier mass entertainers, the film is mainly old wine in a new bottle. ''Alex Pandian'' doesn’t take himself too seriously. So there is no reason why we should!"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=January 18, 2013 |title=Alex Pandian (Tamil) |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2013/Jan/18/alex-pandian-tamil-444187.html |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{Suraj (director)}}

[[Category:2013 action comedy films]]
[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:2013 Indian films]]
[[Category:2013 masala films]]
[[Category:2013 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films produced by K. E. Gnanavel Raja]]
[[Category:Films scored by Devi Sri Prasad]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chalakudy]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thrissur]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy films]]
[[Category:Studio Green films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series)

2026-05-02T19:58:00Z

DessiePelloe5: created a data

{{Short description|Telugu language reality TV game show}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox television
| image = BIGG BOSS TELUGU.jpg
| image_size = 300
| caption = Show's [[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 9|ninth season]] Logo with host [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]]
| alt_name =
| presenter = {{Plainlist|
* [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.|Jr NTR]] {{small|(Season 1)}}
* [[Nani (actor)|Nani]] {{small|(Season 2)}}
* [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] {{small|(Season 3–present)}}
}}
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| num_seasons = 9
| num_episodes = 926
| location = [[Lonavala]] {{small|(Season 1)}} [[Annapurna Studios]] {{small|(Season 2–present)}}
| runtime = 60–90 minutes {{small|(approx.)}}
| company = [[Endemol India|Endemol Shine India]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2017|07|16|df=y}} 
| last_aired = present
| related = ''[[Bigg Boss]]'' ''[[Bigg Boss Non-Stop]]'' ''[[Bigg Boss Agnipariksha]]''
| channel = [[Star Maa]] [[JioHotstar]]
| camera = [[Multi-Camera]] {{small|(76 cameras with size variations and high quality)}}
| voices =
| theme_music_composer =
}}

'''''Bigg Boss''''' is an Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language television reality show of the ''[[Bigg Boss]]'' franchise which airs on [[Star Maa]] and streams on [[JioHotstar]] in India. It follows the format of the Dutch reality show ''[[Big Brother (franchise)|Big Brother]]'', which was first developed by [[Endemol]] in the Netherlands.

Starting in 2017, the show has rolled out nine seasons so far; [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.|Jr NTR]] and [[Nani (actor)|Nani]] hosted [[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 1|Season 1]] and [[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 2|Season 2]] respectively, while [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] is hosting the show from [[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 3|Season 3]] onwards. [[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 2|Season 2]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Common man entry in Bigg Boss Telugu season 2 |url=https://archive.adgully.com/star-maa-offers-telugu-viewers-for-the-first-time-to-be-part-of-bigg-boss-season-2-77936.html}}</ref> [[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 6|Season 6]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss Telugu Season 6: You Can Be A Part Of The Show. Details Inside |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bigg-boss-telugue-season-6-you-can-be-a-part-of-the-show-details-inside-5259223.html |access-date=2022-07-24 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 9|Season 9]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 9: Nagarjuna announces reality show is open to commoners; here's how you can apply |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/bigg-boss-telugu-9-nagarjuna-announces-reality-show-is-open-to-commoners-for-the-first-time-heres-how-you-can-apply-101751190468795.html |access-date=2025-07-03 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> featured general public along with celebrities as housemates.

== Overview ==
''Bigg Boss'' is based on the Dutch series ''[[Big Brother (franchise)|Big Brother]]'' format developed by [[John de Mol Jr.]]. A number of contestants known as "housemates" live in a purpose-built house and are isolated from the rest of the world. Each week, housemates nominate two of their fellow housemates for eviction, and the housemates who receive the most nominations would face a public vote. Eventually, one housemate would leave after being "evicted" from the House. In the final week, there were five housemates remaining, and the public voted for who they wanted to win. Unlike other versions of ''Big Brother'', the Indian version uses celebrities as housemates, In season two, Bigg Boss team selected three common people as contestants from the auditions.

=== Rules ===
While all the rules have never been told to the audience, the most prominent ones are clearly seen. The housemates are not permitted to talk in any other language except [[Telugu language|Telugu]].

They always have to wear a label and They cannot leave the House premises at any time unless they are evicted or decided by Bigg Boss. They can not discuss the nomination process with anyone. They are not allowed to sleep without the permission of Bigg Boss.

=== House ===
The house for season one was set up at [[Lonavala]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/tollywood-drug-case-mumaith-khan-leaves-bigg-boss-telugu-house-in-lonavala/story-V1kPsbCGlK1nfSna2wGDwN.html|title=Tollywood drug case: Mumaith Khan leaves Bigg Boss Telugu house in Lonavala|website=Hindustan Times|date=27 July 2017}}</ref> From season two onwards, the house was set up in [[Annapurna Studios]], [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-3-from-launch-date-to-probable-contestants-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-upcoming-season/photostory/70042361.cms|title=Bigg Boss Telugu 3: From launch date to probable contestants, all you need to know about the upcoming season|website=The Times of India|date=8 July 2019}}</ref> The house is well-furnished and decorated. It has a variety of modern amenities, but just one or multiple bedrooms and four toilet bath rooms. There is a garden, pool, activity area, gym, jail and lounge room in the house. There is also a Confession Room, where the housemates may be called in by ''Bigg Boss'' for any kind of conversation, and for the nomination process. In season three, courtyard part was added and in season seven, balcony was added in the house.

=== Broadcast ===
'''''Bigg Boss''''' is aired on [[Star Maa]] and also available on [[JioHotstar]]. Everyday episodes contain the main happenings of the previous day. Every Sunday episode mainly focuses on an interview of an evicted contestant by the host. The unseen episode will be available as ''Bigg Boss Buzzz'' on Star Maa Music and JioHotstar.

== Series details ==

{{Series overview
| auxA = Host
| auxB = House Location
| infoA = Housemates
| infoB = Days
| infoC = Launch TRP Ratings
| infoD = Finale TRP Ratings
| infoE = Prize Money
| infoF = Winner
| infoG = Runner up
| color1 = #800000
| link1 = Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 1
| auxA1 = [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.|Jr. NTR]]
| auxB1 = [[Lonavala]], [[Pune]]
| infoA1 = 16
| infoB1 = 70
| infoC1 = 16.18 TVR<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/jr-ntrs-bigg-boss-telugu-tops-trp-charts-making-star-maa-no-1-telugu-tv-channel-736197|title=N. T. Rama Rao Jr.'s Bigg Boss Telugu tops TRP charts making Star Maa No. 1 Telugu TV channel|website=International Business Times|date=27 July 2017}}</ref>
| infoD1 = 14.23 TVR<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/bigg-boss-telugu-3-grand-finale-trps-chirnajeevi-nag-beats-ntr-nanis-record-808698|title=Bigg Boss Telugu 3 grand finale TRPs: Chirnajeevi-Nag beats NTR and Nani's record|work=International Business Times}}</ref>
| infoE1 = {{INRConvert|50|l}}
| infoF1 = [[Siva Balaji]]
| infoG1 = [[Aadarsh Balakrishna]]
| episodes1 = 71
| start1 = {{Start date|2017|07|16|df=y}}
| end1 = {{End date|2017|09|24|df=y}}
| network1 = [[Star Maa]], [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
| color2 = #002252
| link2 = Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 2
| auxA2 = [[Nani (actor)|Nani]]
| auxB2 = [[Annapurna Studios]], [[Hyderabad]]
| infoA2 = 18
| infoB2 = 112
| infoC2 = 15.0 TVR<ref name="ibtimes.co.in">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/bigg-boss-telugu-2-viewership-report-nani-fails-beat-jr-ntrs-trp-record-772671|title=Bigg Boss Telugu 2 viewership report: Nani fails to beat N. T. Rama Rao Jr.'s TRP record|website=International Business Times|date=21 June 2018}}</ref>
| infoD2 = 15.05 TVR<ref name="ibtimes.co.in">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/bigg-boss-telugu-2-viewership-report-nani-fails-beat-jr-ntrs-trp-record-772671|title=Bigg Boss Telugu 2 viewership report: Nani fails to beat N. T. Rama Rao Jr.'s TRP record|website=International Business Times|date=21 June 2018}}</ref>
| infoE2 = {{INRConvert|50|l}}
| infoF2 = [[Kaushal Manda]]
| infoG2 = [[Geetha Madhuri]]
| episodes2 = 113
| start2 = {{Start date|2018|06|10|df=y}}
| end2 = {{End date|2018|09|30|df=y}}
| color3 = #DAA520
| link3 = Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 3
| auxA3 = [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]]
| infoA3 = 17
| infoB3 = 105
| infoC3 = 17.92 TVR<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/nagarjuna-akkinenis-bigg-boss-telugu-season-3-off-to-a-good-start-scores-better-than-the-first-season-hosted-by-jr-ntr/articleshow/70482193.cms|title=Nagarjuna Akkineni's Bigg Boss Telugu season 3 off to a good start; scores better than the first season hosted by N. T. Rama Rao Jr.|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
| infoD3 = 18.29 TVR<ref name=":0" />
| infoE3 = {{INRConvert|50|l}}
| infoF3 = [[Rahul Sipligunj]]
| infoG3 = [[Sreemukhi]]
| episodes3 = 106
| start3 = {{Start date|2019|07|21|df=y}}
| end3 = {{End date|2019|11|03|df=y}}
| color4 = #e0c56e
| link4 = Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 4
| infoA4 = 19
| infoB4 = 105
| infoC4 = 18.5 TVR<ref name="thenewsminute.com">{{Cite web|title=Bigg Boss Telugu records highest TRPs among all editions|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/bigg-boss-telugu-records-highest-trps-among-all-editions-133460|access-date=2020-09-23|website=The News Minute|date=20 September 2020|language=en}}</ref>
| infoD4 = 21.7 TVR<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bigg Boss Telugu grand finale becomes the biggest show of 2020|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/regional/bigg-boss-telugu-grand-finale-becomes-the-biggest-show-of-2020-210101|access-date=2021-01-02|website=Indian Television Dot Com|date=January 2021|language=en}}</ref>
| infoE4 = {{INRConvert|25|l}}{{efn|However, the winner was awarded only {{INR}}25 [[lakh]] after the 2nd runner-up opted to walk out with {{INR}}25 lakh.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 4 Winner Abhijeet Prize Money Cut: Here's Why |url=https://english.sakshi.com/news/news/bigg-boss-telugu-4-winner-abhijeet-prize-money-cut-heres-why-127983 |website=Sakshi |date=21 December 2021}}</ref>}}
| infoF4 = [[Abijeet]]
| infoG4 = Akhil Sarthak
| episodes4 = 106
| start4 = {{Start date|2020|09|06|df=y}}
| end4 = {{End date|2020|12|20|df=y}}
| color5 = #4f0071
| link5 = Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 5
| infoA5 = 19
| infoB5 = 105
| infoC5 = 18 TVR<ref name="greatandhra.com">{{Cite web|title=TV Ratings: Bigg Boss 5 Telugu Gets Good Start {{!}} greatandhra|url=https://www.greatandhra.com/movies/news/tv-ratings-bigg-boss-5-telugu-gets-good-start-115922|access-date=2021-09-16|website=www.greatandhra.com|date=16 September 2021}}</ref>
| infoD5 = 18.4 TVR<ref name="tollywood.net">{{Cite web|date=2021-12-30|title=Bigg Boss 5 Telugu Finale episode acquires record breaking TRP but fails to beat 4th season|url=https://www.tollywood.net/bigg-boss-5-telugu-finale-episode-acquires-record-breaking-trp-but-fails-to-beat-4th-season/|access-date=2021-12-30|website=Tollywood|language=en-US}}</ref>
| infoE5 = {{INRConvert|50|l}}{{efn|The winner awarded with {{INR}}50 [[lakh]], a bike and a plot with worth {{INR}}25 lakh.<ref>{{Cite web|title=VJ Sunny wins Bigg Boss Telugu Season 5, takes home Rs 50 lakh, bike and a plot|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/vj-sunny-wins-bigg-boss-telugu-season-5-takes-home-rs-50-lakh-bike-and-a-plot-1889855-2021-12-20|access-date=2021-12-24|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>}}
| infoF5 = [[VJ Sunny]]
| infoG5 = [[Shanmukh Jaswanth]]
| episodes5 = 106
| start5 = {{Start date|2021|09|05|df=y}}
| end5 = {{End date|2021|12|19|df=y}}
| color6 = #4D4FA1
| link6 = Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 6
| infoA6 = 21
| infoB6 = 105
| infoC6 = 8.86 TVR<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 6 Telugu: Opening Weekends Clocks Lowest TRP |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bigg-boss-6-telugu-opening-weekends-clocks-lowest-trp-5970985.html |access-date=2023-09-17 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
| infoD6 = 8.17 TVR<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 6 Telugu Finale TRP Ratings Out! |url=https://m.sakshipost.com/news/entertainment/bigg-boss-6-telugu-grand-finale-trp-ratings-out-check-details-167018 |access-date=2023-09-17 |website=Sakshi Post |language=en}}</ref>
| infoE6 = {{INRConvert|10|l}}{{efn|However, the winner was awarded only {{INR}}10 [[lakh]], a car and a plot with worth {{INR}}25 lakh, after the runner up opted to walk out with {{INR}}40 lakh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-19 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 6 finale highlights: LV Revanth lifts trophy, wins a car and Rs 25 lakh property |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-6-grand-finale-nagarjuna-live-updates-8330903/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>}}
| infoF6 = [[L. V. Revanth]]
| infoG6 = Shrihan Shaik
| episodes6 = 106
| start6 = {{Start date|2022|09|04|df=y}}
| end6 = {{End date|2022|12|18|df=y}}
| color7 = #0000A0
| link7 = Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 7
| infoA7 = 19
| infoB7 = 105
| infoC7 = 18.1 TVR<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-14 |title=Star Maa reports 3 crore viewership for Bigg Boss 7 premiere; first week draws 5.1 crore viewers |url=https://mediabrief.com/star-maa-reports-3-crore-viewership-for-bigg-boss-7-premiere/ |access-date=2023-09-17 |website=MediaBrief |language=en-US}}</ref>
| infoD7 = 21.7 TVR<ref>{{Cite web |title=Highest-Ever Rating for BB7 Grand Finale |url=https://www.gulte.com/movienews/274479/highest-ever-rating-for-bb7-grand-finale |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=Gulte |language=en-US}}</ref>
| infoE7 = {{INRConvert|35|l}}{{efn|However, the winner was awarded with {{INR}}35 [[lakh]], {{INR}}15 lakh worth diamond jewelry and a luxurious car, after the 3rd runner up opted to walk out with {{INR}}15 lakh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-17 |title=Bigg Boss 7 Telugu Grand Finale: Prashant Clinches the Crown |url=https://www.telugu360.com/bigg-boss-7-telugu-grand-finale-prashant-clinches-the-crown/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref>}}
| infoF7 = Pallavi Prashanth
| infoG7 = Amardeep Chowdary
| episodes7 = 106
| start7 = {{Start date|2023|09|03|df=y}}
| end7 = {{End date|2023|12|17|df=y}}
| color8 = #7600EC
| link8 = Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 8
| infoA8 = 22
| infoB8 = 105
| infoC8 = 18.9 TVR<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-19 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu Season 8 on Star Maa records 18.9 TVR in launch week |url=https://www.medianews4u.com/bigg-boss-telugu-season-8-on-star-maa-records-18-9-tvr-in-launch-week/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |language=en-US}}</ref>
| infoD8 = 8.86 TVR<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 8 Telugu: Opening Weekends Clocks Lowest TRP |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bigg-boss-6-telugu-opening-weekends-clocks-lowest-trp-5970985.html |access-date=2023-09-17 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
| infoE8 = {{INRConvert|55|l}}
| infoF8 = Nikhil Maliyakkal
| infoG8 = Gautham Krishna
| episodes8 = 106
| start8 = {{Start date|2024|09|01|df=y}}
| end8 = {{End date|2024|12|15|df=y}}
| color9 = #ff8000
| link9 = Bigg Boss Agnipariksha
| linkT9 = AP
| auxA9 = [[Sreemukhi]]
| infoA9 = 15
| infoB9 = {{n/a}}
| infoC9 = {{n/a}}
| infoD9 = {{n/a}}
| infoE9 = {{n/a}}
| infoF9 = {{n/a}}
| infoG9 = {{n/a}}
| episodes9 = 15
| start9 = {{Start date|2025|08|22|df=y}}
| end9 = {{End date|2025|09|05|df=y}}
| network9 = [[JioHotstar]]
| color10 = #FDB515
| link10 = Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 9
| linkT10 = 9
| auxA10 = [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]]
| infoA10 = 22
| infoB10 = 105
| infoC10 = 13.7 TVR<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2025 |title=Bigg Boss TVR rating: Not Salman Khan or Nagarjuna, the show hosted by this regional superstar is more popular |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2025/10/18/bigg-boss-tvr-rating-not-salman-khan-or-nagarjuna-the-show-hosted-by-this-regional-superstar-is-more-popular.html |access-date=28 October 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
| infoD10 = 19.6 TVR
| infoE10 = {{INRConvert|35|l}}{{efn|However, the winner was awarded only with {{INR}}35 [[lakh]], an additional {{INR}}5 lakh from a sponsor and a luxurious car, after the 2nd runner up opted to walk out with {{INR}}15 lakh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 2025 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 9 winner: Kalyan Padala lifts the trophy, beats Thanuja Puttaswamy to become youngest winner |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/who-is-kalyan-padala-and-how-much-money-did-he-take-home-all-about-the-first-non-celebrity-to-win-bigg-boss-telugu-9-101766386690280.html |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2025 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 9 winner: Who is Kalyan Padala, the youngest commoner to lift the trophy |url= https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/bigg-boss-telugu-9-winner-kalyan-padala-profile-prize-money-2025-12-22-1022783 |website=[[India TV]] |language=en}}</ref>}}
| infoF10 = Kalyan Padala
| infoG10 = Thanuja Puttaswamy
| episodes10 = 106
| start10 = {{Start date|2025|09|07|df=y}}
| end10 = {{End date|2025|12|21|df=y}}
| network10 = [[Star Maa]], [[JioHotstar]]
}}

== Housemate pattern ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;font-size: 85%; line-height:20px; width:auto;"
! Clique
! {{nowrap|[[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 1|Season 1]]
! {{nowrap|[[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 2|Season 2]]
! {{nowrap|[[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 3|Season 3]]
! {{nowrap|[[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 4|Season 4]]}}
! {{nowrap|[[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 5|Season 5]]}}
! {{nowrap|[[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 6|Season 6]]}}
! {{nowrap|[[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 7|Season 7]]}}
! {{nowrap|[[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 8|Season 8]]}}
! {{nowrap|[[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 9|Season 9]]}}
|-
! rowspan="14" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" | Film / TV actor
| style="background:#f2eeff;" | [[Aadarsh Balakrishna]]
| [[Amit Tiwari]]
| style="background:#eefbf8;" | [[Ali Reza (actor)|Ali Reza]]
| style="background:#ffee91;" | [[Abijeet]]
| Hamida Khatoon
| Arjun Kalyan
| style="background:#f2eeff;" | Amardeep Chowdary
|Abhay Bethiganti
|[[Ayesha Zeenath]]
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background:#eefbf8;" | [[Veda Sastry|Archana Shastry]]
| rowspan="2" | Bhanu Sree
| rowspan="2" | [[Hema (actress)|Hema]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:#f2eeff;" |Akhil Sarthak
| rowspan="2" | Lahari Shari
| rowspan="2" | [[Baladitya (actor)|Baladitya]]
| style="background:#eefbf8;" | Arjun
|[[Aditya Om]]
| rowspan="2" |Bharani Shankar
|-
|Ashwini Sri
|style="background:#eefbf8;"| Avinash
|-
| [[Dhanraj (Telugu comedian)|Dhanraj]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:#ffee91;" | [[Kaushal Manda]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Himaja]]
| rowspan="2" | Avinash
| rowspan="2" style="background:#eefbf8;" | Maanas
| Chanti
| rowspan="2" |Gautham Krishna
| rowspan="2" style="background:#f2eeff;" |Gautham Krishna
| rowspan="2" style="background:#eefbf8;" |Emanuel
|-
|[[Diksha Panth]]
|Faima Sheikh
|-
| style="background:#eefbf8;" | [[Hari Teja]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Kireeti Damaraju]]
| rowspan="2" | Mahesh Vitta
| rowspan="2" | Divi Vadathya
| rowspan="2" | Priyanka Singh
| Inaya Sultana
|[[Kiran Rathod]]
|[[Hari Teja]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Flora Saini]]
|-
|Jyothi
| style="background:#eefbf8;" | [[Keerthi Bhat]]
|{{nowrap|Pooja Murthy}}
|Naga Manikanta
|-
| [[Mumaith Khan]]
| [[Nandini Rai]]
| [[Punarnavi Bhupalam]]
| [[Karate Kalyani]]
| [[Mamilla Shailaja Priya|Shailaja Priya]]
| Marina Abraham
| style="background:#eefbf8;" | Priyanka Jain
|style="background:#ffee91;"| Nikhil Maliyakkal
|Gaurav Gupta
|-
| style="background:#eefbf8;" | [[Navdeep]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Pooja Ramachandran]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Ravi Krishna (actor)|Ravi Krishna]]
| rowspan="2" | Kumar Sai
| rowspan="2" style="background:#eefbf8;" | Siri Hanmanth
| style="background:#eefbf8;" | Rohit Sahni
| rowspan="2" |Rathika Rose
|style="background:#eefbf8;"| Prerana Kambam
|Nikhil Nair
|-
|[[Prince Cecil]]
|Shani Salmon
|Prithviraj Shetty
| style="background:#eefbf8;"| [[Sanjana]]
|-
| [[Sameer Hasan]]
| style="background:#eefbf8;" | Samrat Reddy
| Rohini Reddy
| [[Monal Gajjar]]
| style="background:#ffee91;" | [[VJ Sunny]]
| Sri Satya
|[[Shakeela]]
|Rohini Reddy
|Srinivas Sai
|-
| [[Sampoornesh Babu]]
| style="background:#eefbf8;" | [[Tanish]]
| style="background:#eefbf8;" | [[Varun Sandesh]]
| [[Swathi Deekshith]]
| Swetha Varma
| [[Sudeepa Pinky]]
|Shobha Shetty
|Seetha
|[[Suman Setty]]
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background:#ffee91;" | [[Siva Balaji]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Tejaswi Madivada]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Vithika Sheru]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:#eefbf8;" | [[Syed Sohel]]
| Uma Devi
| rowspan="2" | Vasanthi Krishnan
| style="background:#eefbf8;" | [[Sivaji (Telugu actor)|Sivaji]]
|[[Sonia Akula]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:#f2eeff;" |Thanuja Puttaswamy
|-
| Vishwa Raj
|Subhashree
|Yashmi Gowda
|-
! rowspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" | TV Host / Presenter
| rowspan="2" {{n/a|None}}
| rowspan="2" | Syamala
| Shilpa Chakravarthy
| style="background:#eefbf8;" | Ariyana Glory
| Lobo Khayyum
| rowspan="2" | Neha Chowdary
| rowspan="2" {{n/a|None}}
| rowspan="2" |Vishnupriyaa
| rowspan="2" |Rithu Chowdary
|-
| style="background:#f2eeff;" | [[Sreemukhi]]
| Lasya Manjunath
| Ravi Kiran
|-
! rowspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" | News Reader
| rowspan="2" | Kathi Karthika
| rowspan="2" style="background:#eefbf8;" | Deepthi Nallamuthu
| Jaffar Babu
| Devi Nagavalli
| rowspan="2" {{n/a|None}}
| rowspan="2" | Arohi Rao
| rowspan="2" {{n/a|None}}
| rowspan="2" {{n/a|None}}
| rowspan="2" {{n/a|None}}
|-
| Siva Jyothi
| Sujatha
|-
! rowspan="2"bgcolor="#CCCCCC" | Music personality
| [[Kalpana Raghavendar]]
| style="background:#f2eeff;" | [[Geetha Madhuri]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:#ffee91;" | [[Rahul Sipligunj]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Noel Sean]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:#eefbf8;" | [[Sreerama Chandra]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:#ffee91;" | [[L. V. Revanth]]
| Bhole Shavali
| rowspan="2" {{n/a|None}}
| rowspan="2" |Ramu Rathod
|-
| [[Madhu Priya]]
| [[Roll Rida]]
| Damini
|-
!Radio Jockey
| {{n/a|None}}
| {{n/a|None}}
| {{n/a|None}}
| {{n/a|None}}
| Kajal Seelamsetty
| Surya Narayana
| {{n/a|None}}
| [[Shekar Basha]]
| {{n/a|None}}
|-
!Model
| {{n/a|None}}
| {{n/a|None}}
| {{n/a|None}}
| {{n/a|None}}
| Jaswanth
| Raja Shekar
| style="background:#eefbf8;" | Prince Yawar
| {{n/a|None}}
| {{n/a|None}}
|-
! bgcolor="#CCCCCC" | Film Critic / Humanist
| [[Mahesh Kathi]]
| Babu Gogineni
| Tamanna Simhadhri
| {{n/a|None}}
| {{n/a|None}}
| {{n/a|None}}
| {{n/a|None}}
| {{n/a|None}}
| {{n/a|None}}
|-
! rowspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" | Choreographer
| rowspan="2" {{n/a|None}}
| rowspan="2" {{n/a|None}}
| rowspan="2" style="background:#eefbf8;" | [[Baba Bhaskar]]
| rowspan="2" | Amma Rajasekhar
| Anee
| rowspan="2" | [[Abhinayashree]]
| rowspan="2" |Sandeep
| rowspan="2" |Nainika Anasuru
| rowspan="2" |Shrasti Verma
|-
| Nataraj
|-
! bgcolor="#CCCCCC" | Film Director
| {{n/a|None}}
| {{n/a|None}}
| {{n/a|None}}
| [[Surya Kiran (director)|Surya Kiran]]
| {{n/a|None}}
| {{n/a|None}}
| {{n/a|None}}
| {{n/a|None}}
| {{n/a|None}}
|-
! rowspan="6" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" | Internet personality
| rowspan="6" {{n/a|None}}
| rowspan="6" |Deepthi Sunaina
| rowspan="6" |Ashu Reddy
| rowspan="2" style="background:#eefbf8;" | Alekhya Harika
| rowspan="3" | Sarayu Roy
| rowspan="3" | Geetu
| rowspan="2" | Nayani Pavani
| [[Gangavva]]
| rowspan="3" |Divvala Madhuri
|-
| Madhoo Nekkanti
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Gangavva]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:#ffee91;" | Pallavi Prasanth
|Mehaboob Shaikh
|-
| rowspan="3" style="background:#f2eeff;" |[[Shanmukh Jaswanth]]
| rowspan="3" style="background:#f2eeff;" |Shrihan
|style="background:#eefbf8;"| Nabeel Afridi
| rowspan="3" |Ramya Moksha
|-
| rowspan="2" |Mehaboob Shaikh
| rowspan="2" |Teja
|Nayani Pavani
|-
|Teja
|-
! rowspan="7" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" | Commoner
| rowspan="7" {{n/a|None}}
| rowspan="2" | Ganesh
| rowspan="7" {{n/a|None}}
| rowspan="7" {{n/a|None}}
| rowspan="7" {{n/a|None}}
| rowspan="7" style="background:#eefbf8;" | Adi Reddy
| rowspan="7" {{n/a|None}}
| rowspan="7" {{n/a|None}}
| style="background:#eefbf8;" | Demon Pavan
|-
|Divya Nikhita
|-
| rowspan="2" | Nutan Naidu
|Harita Harish
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background:#ffee91;" |Kalyan Padala
|-
| rowspan="3" |Sanjana Anne
|-
|Maryada Manish
|-
|Priya Shetty
|-
|Srija Dammu
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
!Total
!16
!18
!17
!19
!19
!21
!19
!22
!22
|-
| colspan="10" |'''{{Color box|#ffee91|border=darkgray}} Winner''' '''{{Color box|#f2eeff|border=darkgray}} Runner-up''' '''{{Color box|#eefbf8|border=darkgray}} Finalist'''
|-
|}

== Spin-offs ==
=== ''Bigg Boss Non-Stop'' ===
{{Main|Bigg Boss Non-Stop}}

The series is also set to roll out a digital version of the show called ''Bigg Boss Non-Stop'', which was also hosted by [[Akkineni Nagarjuna|Nagarjuna]] and broadcast by [[Disney+ Hotstar]] for 24×7 coverage.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bigg Boss Telugu: New Season in Two Months|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/bigg-boss-telugu-new-season-in-two-months-720718|access-date=2021-12-20|website=The Hans India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nagarjuna Akkineni-hosted Bigg Boss Telugu OTT announced; here's what the Telugu superstar has to say - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/nagarjuna-akkineni-hosted-bigg-boss-telugu-ott-announced-heres-what-the-telugu-superstar-has-to-say/articleshow/88469860.cms|access-date=2021-12-24|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bigg Boss Non-Stop to premiere on February 26; host Nagarjuna Akkineni confirms with a teaser, watch - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-non-stop-to-premiere-on-february-26-host-nagarjuna-akkineni-confirms-with-a-teaser-watch/articleshow/89593220.cms|access-date=2022-02-15|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

=== ''Bigg Boss Agnipariksha'' ===
{{Main|Bigg Boss Agnipariksha}}

Bigg Boss Agnipariksha is a digital pre-show of ''Bigg Boss'' ''9''. It will feature 15 contestants from 40 selected commoners to earn their spot in the ''[[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 9|Bigg Boss Telugu 9]]'' house. This show is scheduled to premiere on 22 August 2025 on [[JioHotstar]] with former contestants [[Sreemukhi]] as host and [[Abijeet]], [[Bindu Madhavi]], [[Navdeep]] as judges.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 9 Agnipariksha: The real test starts now! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-9-agnipariksha-the-real-test-starts-now/articleshow/122909079.cms |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 9: Abijeet, Bindu Madhavi, and Navdeep to handpick commoner contestants |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-9-abijeet-bindu-madhavi-and-navdeep-to-handpick-commoner-contestants/articleshow/123282796.cms |access-date=2025-08-13 |website=Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 9 Telugu twist: Commoners to compete for entry through a special show, Sreemukhi to host |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/bigg-boss-9-telugu-twist-commoners-to-compete-for-entry-through-a-special-show/27347f3dea432 |access-date=2025-07-28 |website=OTTplay |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
=== Season 1 ===
{{Main|Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 1}}

Bigg Boss Telugu programme is regarded as the most expensive Telugu television show.<ref>{{cite web|title=Junior NTR's Bigg Boss Is The 'Most Expensive' Telugu Show|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/junior-ntrs-bigg-boss-is-the-most-expensive-telugu-show-details-here-1720627|access-date=2017-07-07|publisher=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> The launch of season 1 opened with 16.18 TVR and became as the most watched Telugu television show.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hooli|first=Shekhar H.|date=2017-07-27|title=N. T. Rama Rao Jr.'s Bigg Boss Telugu tops TRP charts making Star Maa No. 1 Telugu TV channel|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/jr-ntrs-bigg-boss-telugu-tops-trp-charts-making-star-maa-no-1-telugu-tv-channel-736197|access-date=2020-12-13|website=www.ibtimes.co.in|language=en}}</ref>

=== Season 2 ===
{{Main|Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 2}}

The launch of season 2 opened with 15.05 TVR.

=== Season 3 ===
{{Main|Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 3}}

The launch of season 3 opened with 17.9 TVR, which is bigger than the previous seasons.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bigg Boss Telugu 3 launch ratings: Samantha Akkineni hails host Nagarjuna - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-3-launch-ratings-samantha-akkineni-hails-host-nagarjuna/articleshow/70495608.cms|access-date=2020-12-31|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> The grand finale of season 3 of duration four and half hours scored 18.29 TVR being the highest ever rating achieved by the Bigg Boss Indian franchise. The last hour of telecast, featuring [[Chiranjeevi]] as chief guest, alone garnered 22.4 TVR.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Finale of Bigg Boss 3 Telugu hits 18.29 TRP ratings, Chiranjeevi episode 22.4 ratings|url=https://www.tollywood.net/finale-of-bigg-boss-3-telugu-hits-18-29-trp-ratings-chiranjeevi-episode-22-4-ratings/|access-date=2020-12-31|website=www.tollywood.net|date=14 November 2019}}</ref>

=== Season 4 ===
{{Main|Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 4}}

The launch of season 4 opened with 18.5 TVR<ref name="thenewsminute.com">{{Cite web|title=Bigg Boss Telugu records highest TRPs among all editions|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/bigg-boss-telugu-records-highest-trps-among-all-editions-133460|access-date=2020-09-23|website=The News Minute|date=20 September 2020|language=en}}</ref> higher than previous seasons. On Week 7, [[Samantha Akkineni]] hosted the show, while main host [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] is in [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]] for his movie shooting and the episode was also extended to 3 hours, from the usual 1½ hours and the episode opened with 11.4 TVR,{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}} which was higher trp among all the weekends. The grand finale of season 4 became most watched and created a record with viewership as it garnered highest TRP rating of 21.7 TVR among all seasons of ''[[Bigg Boss]]'' editions.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bigg Boss Telugu grand finale becomes the biggest show of 2020|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/regional/bigg-boss-telugu-grand-finale-becomes-the-biggest-show-of-2020-210101|access-date=2021-01-02|website=Indian Television Dot Com|date=January 2021|language=en}}</ref>

=== Season 5 ===
{{Main|Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 5}}

The launch of fifth season has received about 17.7 TVR in general and 18 TVR with HD viewership and also, the latest rating proves that show's popularity has remained intact.<ref name="greatandhra.com">{{Cite web|title=TV Ratings: Bigg Boss 5 Telugu Gets Good Start {{!}} greatandhra|url=https://www.greatandhra.com/movies/news/tv-ratings-bigg-boss-5-telugu-gets-good-start-115922|access-date=2021-09-16|website=www.greatandhra.com|date=16 September 2021}}</ref> The grand finale episode had secured 18.4 TVR and millions of views on [[Disney+ Hotstar]].<ref name="tollywood.net">{{Cite web|date=2021-12-30|title=Bigg Boss 5 Telugu Finale episode acquires record breaking TRP but fails to beat 4th season|url=https://www.tollywood.net/bigg-boss-5-telugu-finale-episode-acquires-record-breaking-trp-but-fails-to-beat-4th-season/|access-date=2021-12-30|website=Tollywood|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Season 6 ===
{{Main|Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 6}}

The launch episode opened with 8.86 TVR, while finale episode received 8.17 TVR and recorded has lowest TRPs in the history of the reality TV series in Telugu. The week's average TVR for this season failed to surpass the bar set by its predecessors, too.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-15 |title=Bigg Boss 6 Telugu TRP Rating: Here Is The Reason Behind A Huge Drop In Akkineni Nagarjuna's Show! |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2022/bigg-boss-6-telugu-trp-rating-here-is-the-reason-behind-a-huge-drop-in-akkineni-nagarjuna-s-show-340338.html |access-date=2023-08-19 |website=www.filmibeat.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 6 Telugu Finale TRP Ratings Out! |url=https://m.sakshipost.com/news/entertainment/bigg-boss-6-telugu-grand-finale-trp-ratings-out-check-details-167018 |access-date=2023-08-19 |website=Sakshi Post |language=en}}</ref>

=== Season 7 ===
{{Main|Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 7}}

The grand finale of season 7 garnered TRP ratings of 21.7 TVR.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 7 TRP report: Nagarjuna - hosted show sets a new record |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/bigg-boss-telugu-7-trp-report-nagarjuna-hosted-show-sets-a-new-record-1268482 |website=Pinkvilla}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss Telugu Season 7’s TRP hits the sky, the grand finale garners the highest viewership |url=https://www.filmify.in/tv-news/bigg-boss-telugu-season-7s-trp-hits-the-sky-the-grand-finale-garners-the-highest-viewership-108803.html |website=Filmify}}</ref>

=== Season 8 ===
{{Main|Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 8}}

The launch episode received TRP ratings of 18.9TVR.

=== [https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/activity:7400177194376945664 Season] 9 ===
{{Main|Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 9}}

The launch episode received TRP ratings of 13.7 TVR .The weekly average TRP of the season crossed 11 TVR and weekends got a 14 TVR which is highest among the previous five seasons as per the BARC Ratings.[https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/activity:7400177194376945664]

== Companion shows ==
=== ''Bigg Boss Buzzz'' ===
''Bigg Boss Buzzz'' is an Indian Telugu-language Television talk show with evicted housemates of reality television series ''Bigg Boss Telugu''. From season 3 onwards, the show features evicted housemates interview with previous season contestant as a host and also unseen portions of episodes that were not aired on television will be aired on Star Maa Music.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;font-size: 90%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Season
! Title
! Host
! Notes
|-
| [[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 3#Bigg Boss 3 Buzzz|3]]
| ''Bigg Boss 3 Buzzz''
|[[Tanish]]
| Second runner-up of [[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 2|''Season 2'']]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bigg Boss 3 Buzz: యాంకర్‌గానూ తనీష్ అట్టర్ ఫ్లాప్.. డిస్ లైక్స్ మోత|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tv/bigg-boss-telugu/hero-tanish-unfit-for-bigg-boss-3-buzz-anchor-netizens-trolling-badly-in-social-media/articleshow/70863814.cms|access-date=2021-02-02|website=Samayam Telugu|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| [[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 4#Bigg Boss 4 Buzzz|4]]
| ''Bigg Boss 4 Buzzz''
| [[Rahul Sipligunj]]
| Winner of [[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 3|''Season 3'']]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sherry|title=Star Maa Launched 'Bigg Boss 4 Telugu Buzz' Who Will Host?|url=https://www.uptobrain.com/star-maa-launched-bigg-boss-4-telugu-buzz/|access-date=2021-02-02|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 5#Bigg Boss 5 Buzzz|5]]
|''Bigg Boss 5 Buzzz''
|Ariyana Glory
|Third runner-up of [[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 4|''Season 4'']]<ref>{{cite web|last=Bellamkonda|title=Ariyana Glory To Host Bigg Boss Buzz Telugu 5|url=https://theindiamedia.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-telugu/ariyana-glory-to-host-bigg-boss-buzz-telugu-5/|access-date=2021-09-06|website=The India Media|date=6 September 2021|language=en-GB}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 6#Bigg Boss 6 Buzzz|6]]
|''Bigg Boss 6 Buzzz''
|Shiva
|Second Runner-up of [[Bigg Boss Non-Stop season 1|''BB Non-Stop 1'']]<ref>{{cite web |date=2022-09-01 |title=Former Bigg Boss Telugu contestants Ariyana Glory and Shiva team up for 'BB Cafe'; watch promo - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/former-bigg-boss-telugu-contestants-ariyana-glory-and-shiva-team-up-for-bb-cafe-watch-promo/articleshow/93924618.cms |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 7#Bigg Boss 7 Buzzz|7]]
|''Bigg Boss 7 Buzzz''
|Geetu
|Contestant of ''[[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 6|Season 6]]''<ref>{{Citation |title=BiggBossBuzzz - Watch Geetu's Exclusive Interviews on Recent Bigg Boss Evictions {{!}} Daily 10AM & 6 PM |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZwHxkb89KTw |access-date=2023-09-13 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 8#Bigg Boss 8 Buzz|8]]
|''Bigg Boss 8 Buzzz''
|Ambati Arjun
|Fifth Runner-up of ''[[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 7|Season 7]]''<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=yrT7KF2auoKmDSlS&v=OKsvAetdr5k&feature=youtu.be |title=Bigg Boss Buzzz- Exclusive Bigg Boss Interviews {{!}} Ambati Arjun {{!}} Starts from Sept 9th at 10 AM |date=2024-08-27 |last=Star Maa |access-date=2024-08-28 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 9#Bigg Boss 9 Buzzz|9]]
|''Bigg Boss 9 Buzzz''
|[[Sivaji (Telugu actor)|Sivaji]]
|Second Runner-up of [[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 7|''Season 7'']]<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxWaWJQC3x4 |title=Bigg Boss Buzzz {{!}} Exclusive Exit Interview {{!}} Bigg Boss Butterfly Effect🦋 {{!}} Sivaji {{!}} Star Maa |date=2025-09-12 |last=Star Maa |access-date=2025-09-14 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|}

=== ''BB Cafe'' ===
''BB Cafe'' is an review based show about the reality television series ''Bigg Boss Telugu''. From season 6 onwards, The show features previous seasons contestants as host and will discusses all the topics of ''Bigg Boss'' episodes. The show will continue to give more clarity on war, love and other interesting topics between the contestants and it premiers on Star Maa Music.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;font-size: 90%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Season
! Title
! Host
! Notes
|-
| [[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 6#BB Cafe|6]]
| ''BB Cafe''
| Ariyana Glory
| 3rd Runner-up of [[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 4|''Season 4'']] and [[Bigg Boss Non-Stop season 1|''BB Non-Stop 1'']]
|-
|}

== See also ==
* ''[[BB Jodi|BB Jodi Telugu]]''
* ''[[Neethone Dance]]''

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180629044614/http://biggbosstelugu.startv.com/ Official Website]

{{Big Brother}}
{{Bigg Boss (franchise)}}
{{Bigg Boss Telugu}}

[[Category:Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series)]]
[[Category:Telugu-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:2017 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian television series based on non-Indian television series]]
[[Category:Star Maa original programming]]

List of things named after Vallabhbhai Patel

2026-05-02T14:19:52Z

DessiePelloe5: Adding A Stub

'''[[Vallabhbhai Patel]]''', commonly known as '''Sardar Patel''', was an [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence activist]], [[barrister]] and statesman who served as the first [[Deputy Prime Minister of India|Deputy Prime Minister]] and [[Home Minister of India]] from 1947 to 1950. Places and institutions named after him include:

*[[Sardar Patel Memorial Trust]]
*[[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Memorial]], [[Ahmedabad]]
*[[Sardar Patel University]], Gujarat
*[[Sardar Patel University of Police, Security and Criminal Justice]], [[Jodhpur]]
*[[Sardar Patel Institute of Technology]], [[Vasad]]
*[[Sardar Patel Vidyalaya]], New Delhi
*[[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
*[[Sardar Patel College of Engineering]], [[Mumbai]]
*[[Sardar Patel Institute of Technology]], [[Mumbai]]
*[[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Chowk]] in [[Katra Gulab Singh]], [[Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh]], Uttar Pradesh
*[[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Institute of Technology]], [[Vasad]]
*[[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport]], [[Ahmedabad]]
*[[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Police Museum]], [[Kollam]]
*[[Sardar Patel Stadium, Motera]]
*[[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Stadium, Navrangpura]]
*[[Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute]]
*[[Sardar Patel Road, Chennai]]

[[Category:Lists of things named after Indian politicians|P]]
[[Category:Memorials to Vallabhbhai Patel|*]]
{{SIA}}

Accused (2026 film)

2026-04-30T19:28:37Z

DessiePelloe5: created a stub...

{{Short description|2026 Hindi-language movie}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Accused
| image = Accused 2026 film poster.jpeg
| alt =
| caption = Official release poster
| native_name =
| director = Anubhuti Kashyap
| screenplay =
| writer = Sima Agarwal Yash Keswani
| story =
| based_on =
| producer = [[Karan Johar]] Apoorva Mehta Somen Mishra [[Adar Poonawalla]]
| starring = {{ubl|[[Konkona Sen Sharma]]|[[Pratibha Ranta]]}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = Linesh Desai
| editing = Prerna Saigal
| music = Neel Adhikari
| studio = [[Dharmatic Entertainment]]
| distributor = [[Netflix]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2026|2|27|}}
| runtime = 106 minutes<ref>{{cite web |title=Accused |url=https://www.classification.gov.au/titles/accused-5 |website=[[Australian Classification Board]] |date=26 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Accused |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/accused-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmtezmdcw |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |date=26 February 2026}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Accused''''' is a 2026 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[psychological thriller]] film directed by Anubhuti Kashyap and produced by [[Karan Johar]], Apoorva Mehta, Somen Mishra, and [[Adar Poonawalla]] under [[Dharmatic Entertainment]]. The film stars [[Konkona Sen Sharma]] and [[Pratibha Ranta]] in the lead roles. It was released on 27 February 2026 on [[Netflix]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 2026 |title=Accused trailer: Konkona Sen Sharma plays an alleged sexual predator in this psychological thriller. Watch |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/accused-trailer-konkona-sen-sharma-alleged-sexual-predator-psychological-thriller-watch-10544093/ |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==

Dr. Geetika Sen, a renowned gynaecological surgeon and head of the department at Chapelstone General Hospital in London, is respected for her professional achievements but criticized for her strict and abrasive demeanor. She and her [[Lesbian|partner]] Dr. Meera Mishra, host a farewell party before relocating to Chester for Geetika’s promotion and announce plans to adopt a child. During the party, Meera learns that the caterer, Sophie, is Geetika’s former partner, while Meera’s mother—unaware of her daughter’s marriage—encourages her to meet a man named Rohit.

Soon after, Geetika is informed by the head of HR, Simran, that an anonymous complaint of sexual misconduct has been filed against her. Although assured of confidentiality, the allegation escalates when additional complaints surface online, damaging her reputation and jeopardizing the adoption process. An external investigator, Jaideep Bhargav, is appointed to examine the case. As scrutiny intensifies, Geetika’s past relationships with former intern Natasha and with Sophie draw suspicion. Meanwhile, Meera begins to question Geetika’s honesty after discovering that she concealed meetings with Sophie.

Tensions grow in both Geetika’s professional and personal life. A break-in at their home deepens her paranoia, while Meera, doubting her loyalty, hires a private investigator. Further allegations emerge from Dr. Carol Simmons, who accuses Geetika of misconduct; Geetika denies the claims, asserting that Carol is retaliating over a prior professional dispute. Evidence later reveals that the anonymous complaints originated from a single source and that the break-in was connected to David Brown, a hospital patient.

The investigation ultimately exposes Dr. Logan, a colleague and rival for the position of dean, as the orchestrator of the false allegations, motivated by professional jealousy. Although the charges against her are dropped and she is offered the deanship, Geetika declines, acknowledging her personal shortcomings.

In the aftermath, Geetika apologizes to Meera and seeks reconciliation. Though initially distant, Meera signals a willingness to rebuild their relationship, and the two leave together, suggesting a renewed beginning.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Konkona Sen Sharma]] as Dr. Geetika Sen, a senior [[gynaecological]] [[surgeon]] at Chapelstone General Hospital
* [[Pratibha Ranta]] as Dr. Meera Mishra, a [[Pediatrics|pediatrics]] consultant at Willowbrook Childrens Hospital
* Mashhoor Amrohi as Jaideep Bhargav, a [[journalist]] turned [[private investigator|investigator]]
* Sukant Goel as Mansoor, a private investigator hired by Meera
* Monica Mahendru as Simran, Head of [[Human resources|HR]] at Chapelstone General Hospital
* Aditya Nanda as Angad, Meera's friend and co-worker
* [[Anuj Sachdeva]] as Prateek Sen
* Christopher W Jones as Dr. Logan
* Daniele Secondi as Dr. Martin Cooper, a [[Gynaecology|gynaecological]] surgeon at Chapelstone General Hospital
* [[Kallirroi Tziafeta]] as Sophiana "Sophie" Sarandiz, Geetika's ex-girlfriend
* [[Sanjeeta Bhattacharya]] as Natasha, an ex-[[radiology]] intern who trained under Geetika
* Barbara Blum as Dr. Carol Simmons, an [[Anesthesiology|anesthesiologist]] accusing Geetika of sexual harassment
* Matylda McQuaid as Kate
* Geeta Thakkar as Meera's mother
* Shital Mahadik as Anjali, Geetika's maternal aunt
* Harish Lalwani as Anjali's husband
}}

== Production ==
''Accused'' was officially commissioned by [[Netflix]], directed by [[Anubhuti Kashyap]], written by Sima Agarwal and Yash Keshwani, and produced by [[Dharmatic Entertainment]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Dharmatic and Netflix plan relationship drama with Konkona Sen Sharma and Pratibha Ranta |url=https://www.peepingmoon.com/exclusive-news/news/77283/Dharmatic-and-Netflix-plan-relationship-drama-with-Konkona-Sen-Sharma-and-Pratibha-Ranta.html |website=Peeping Moon |date=22 July 2024}}</ref> [[Konkona Sen Sharma]] and [[Pratibha Ranta]] were cast as the leads.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 April 2026 |title=Pratibha Ranta joins Konkona Sen Sharma in London-set thriller 'Accused' - Reports |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/pratibha-ranta-joins-konkona-sen-sharma-in-london-set-thriller-accused-reports/articleshow/127913611.cms |access-date=28 February 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] began in November 2024,<ref>{{cite web |title=Konkona Sensharma and Pratibha Ranta in Karan Johar's next |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/konkona-sensharma-laapataa-ladies-pratibha-ranta-karan-johar-23401369 |website=Mid-day |date=27 September 2024}}</ref> and concluded in December 2024,<ref>{{cite web |title=Pratibha Ranta wraps up Anubhuti Kashyap's upcoming film |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2024/Dec/18/pratibha-ranta-wraps-up-anubhuti-kashyaps-upcoming-film |website=Indulgexpress |date=18 December 2024}}</ref> taking place in [[Europe]] and [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Konkona Sensharma and Pratibha Ranta go from Europe to aamchi Mumbai |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/konkona-sensharma-pratibha-ranta-europe-mumbai-anubhuti-kashyap-23440100 |website=Mid-day |date=4 December 2024}}</ref>

== Release ==
The film was released on 27 February 2026 on [[Netflix]].<ref>{{cite news |title='Accused' OTT release date confirmed: When and where to watch Konkona Sen Sharma and Pratibha Ranta starrer thriller? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/accused-ott-release-date-confirmed-when-and-where-to-watch-konkona-sen-sharma-and-pratibha-ranta-starrer-thriller/articleshow/128110919.cms |access-date=28 February 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=9 February 2026}}</ref>

== Reception ==
''Accused'' received mixed-to-negative reviews from critics. {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|27|5.7|11|access-date={{RT data|access date}}}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Accused (2026) {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/accused_2026 |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |language=en}}</ref>

Archika Khurana of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the movie 3.5/5 stars, writing "If you appreciate layered psychological dramas powered by nuanced performances rather than shocking twists, Accused is worth your time".<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2026 |title=Accused Movie Review: Konkona Sen Sharma anchors a tense psychological drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/accused/ottmoviereview/128811433.cms |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> [[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 1.5/5 stars, writing "The writing offers us little depth, and that’s where this film, starring Konkona Sensharma and Pratibha Rannta, which had the potential to be a humdinger, falls flat".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Shubhra |author1-link=Shubhra Gupta |title=Accused movie review: Konkona Sensharma anchors a MeToo drama that stays on the surface |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/accused-movie-review-konkona-sensharma-pratibha-rannta-anubhuti-kashyap-rating-10555368/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=1 March 2026 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=27 February 2026 |language=en}}{{rating|1.5|5}}</ref> [[Sukanya Verma]] rated the movie 2.5/5 stars and wrote "Aside from a script scrambling to cram too much and not getting nearly enough right, a lot of Accused's dissatisfaction stems from the flimsy British supporting cast and Neel Adhikari's clueless background score."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Verma |first1=Sukanya |author1-link=Sukanya Verma |title=Accused Review: Underwhelming |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/accused-netflix-review-konkona-sensharmas-queer-drama-explores-workplace-bias/20260227.htm |access-date=28 February 2026 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=27 February 2026 |language=en}}{{rating|2.5|5}}</ref> Lachmi Deb Roy of ''[[Firstpost]]'' gave 4 out of 5 stars, writing "Konkona Sen Sharma and Pratibha Ranta’s film shows how a celebrated doctor is accused of sexual misconduct just because she is strict and stern with her subordinates".<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 February 2026 |title=Netflix 'Accused' Movie Review: Konkona Sen Sharma, Pratibha Ranta's film is nuanced, complex, and engaging |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/netflix-accused-movie-review-konkona-sen-sharma-pratibha-rantas-film-is-nuanced-complex-and-engaging-13984181.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260227210946/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/netflix-accused-movie-review-konkona-sen-sharma-pratibha-rantas-film-is-nuanced-complex-and-engaging-13984181.html |archive-date=27 February 2026 |access-date=28 February 2026 |work=[[Firstpost]] |language=}}</ref> Devesh Sharma of ''[[Filmfare]]'' gave 3.5/5 stars, "Accused is a relationship drama. Konkona Sen Sharma and Pratibha Rannta excel in their roles".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Devesh |title=Accused Movie Review: Konkona Sen Sharma And Pratibha Rannta Carry The Film {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/web-series/accused-movie-review-konkona-sen-sharma-and-pratibha-rannta-carry-the-film-82031.html |access-date=1 March 2026 |work=[[Filmfare]] |date=27 February 2026 |language=en}}{{rating|3.5|5}}</ref> Anuj Kumar for ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "The approach seamlessly intertwines the thriller genre with social commentary and psychological character study".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Anuj |title='Accused' movie review: A perceptive take on #MeToo discourse that provokes reflection over resolution |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/accused-movie-review-konkona-sen-sharma-pratibha-ranta-anubhuti-kashyap-metoo-netflix/article70683605.ece |url-access=subscription |access-date=28 February 2026 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=27 February 2026 |language=en-IN}}</ref> A reviewer for ''[[The Quint]]'' felt "The mystery of what went wrong here—and how the film misfires so marvellously—is more enticing than anything the dull narrative has to offer."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mehrotra |first1=Suchin |title='Accused' Review: A Bafflingly Shoddy MeToo Thriller From Netflix |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/accused-review-konkana-sensharma-pratibha-ranta-netflix |access-date=1 March 2026 |work=[[The Quint]] |date=27 February 2026 |language=en}}{{rating|2|5}}</ref> Anisha Rao writing for ''[[India Today]]'' rated the movie 2/5 stars and opined "The cinematography complements the unease, framing silences and glances as carefully as confrontations."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rao |first1=Anisha |title=Accused review: Konkona-Pratibha Rannta's restrained drama may test your patience |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/accused-review-konkona-sensharma-pratibha-ranntas-restrained-drama-may-test-your-patience-2875267-2026-02-27 |access-date=1 March 2026 |work=[[India Today]] |date=27 February 2026 |language=en}}{{rating|2|5}}</ref>

== Referenced ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt39631179}}
* {{Netflix title|81661375}}

{{Portal bar|Film|India}}

[[Category:2026 Indian films]]
[[Category:2026 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2026 LGBTQ-related films]]
[[Category:2026 psychological thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian LGBTQ-related films]]
[[Category:Indian psychological thriller films]]
[[Category:Lesbian-related films]]
[[Category:LGBTQ-related thriller films]]
[[Category:Films about surgeons]]
[[Category:Films set in London]]
[[Category:Films shot in Europe]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Netflix original films]]
[[Category:2026 direct-to-video films]]

Assassination of Sidhu Moose Wala

2026-04-30T06:39:45Z

DessiePelloe5: created article...

{{Short description|2022 murder of singer and political personality Sidhu Moose Wala}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = Assassination of Sidhu Moose Wala
| image = Sidhu Moose Wala's cremation by JK Photography 34.jpg
| caption = Moose Wala's cremation on 31 May 2022
| location = Jawaharke Village, [[Mansa, Punjab|Mansa]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India
| target = Sidhu Moose Wala
| murderer = 
| type = [[Murder]] by [[drive-by shooting]], [[assassination]]
| date = {{start date and age|df=yes|2022|5|29}}
| time = 5:30 p.m.
| timezone = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| weapon = 
| perpetrators = Unconfirmed
| accused = [[Lawrence Bishnoi]] [[Goldy Brar]]
| fatalities = 1 (Sidhu Moose Wala)
| injuries = 2
}}

Punjabi musician [[Sidhu Moose Wala]] was shot dead by unidentified assailants in his car on 29 May 2022 in Jawaharke village of [[Mansa, Punjab|Mansa]]. Moose Wala was 28. According to police, [[Lawrence Bishnoi]]'s gang claimed responsibility for the murder in an unverified [[Facebook]] post, but Bishnoi denied making the claim.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sengar |first1=Mukesh Singh |last2=Achom |first2=Debanish |date=1 June 2022 |title=Gangster Linked To Sidhu Moose Wala's Murder Not Cooperating: Sources |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/gangster-lawrence-bishnoi-linked-to-sidhu-moose-walas-murder-not-cooperating-say-sources-3029131 |work=NDTV |access-date=15 June 2022}}</ref> Nevertheless, Bishnoi was being held by he [[Punjab Police (India)|Punjab Police]] {{As of|2022|June|lc=y}} who considered him the "mastermind" of the murder.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sidhu Moose Wala Case: Gangster Lawrence Bishnoi is mastermind, say officials |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/sidhu-moose-wala-case-gangster-lawrence-bishnoi-is-mastermind-says-top-delhi-police/articleshow/92087268.cms |access-date=15 June 2022 |work=Economic Times |date=9 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=How did Lawrence Bishnoi mastermind Sidhu Moosewala's killing from jail? |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/how-did-lawrence-bishnoi-mastermind-sidhu-moosewalas-killing-from-jail-403270 |access-date=15 June 2022 |agency=IANS |work=Tribune India |date=12 June 2022}}</ref>

Moose Wala was one 424 people whose police security was reduced or entirely removed the day before his murder in preparation for the anniversary of [[Operation Blue Star]], leaving him with two commandos instead of four.<ref name="indianexpress death">{{Cite news |date=29 May 2022 |title=Punjabi singer and Congress leader Sidhu Moose Wala shot dead in Mansa |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/amritsar/punjabi-singer-congress-leader-sidhu-moose-wala-shot-dead-7942590/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=29 May 2022 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135109/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/amritsar/punjabi-singer-congress-leader-sidhu-moose-wala-shot-dead-7942590/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mateen |first=Zoya |date=30 May 2022 |title=Sidhu Moose Wala: Murder of popular Indian singer sparks anger |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-61629130 |access-date=30 May 2022 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530110041/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-61629130 |url-status=live }}</ref> At the time of the incident, Moose Wala was travelling in his private car accompanied by two others instead of his bullet-proof vehicle with the commandos.<ref name="10 Facts">{{cite news |title=Sidhu Moosewala Shot Dead: The Singer Was Not in His Usual Bullet-Proof Car, Say Sources {{!}} 10 Facts |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/punjabi-singer-sidhu-moosewala-shot-at-rushed-to-hospital-in-critical-condition-5270287.html |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=News18 |date=29 May 2022 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135110/https://www.news18.com/news/india/punjabi-singer-sidhu-moosewala-shot-at-rushed-to-hospital-in-critical-condition-5270287.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="TNS">{{cite news |title=Sidhu Moosewala had 2 security personnel, private bulletproof vehicle; he travelled without them: Punjab DGP Bhawra |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/sidhu-moosewala-murder-punjab-dgp-vk-bhawra-says-sit-to-be-formed-to-probe-case-399284 |work=The Tribune |date=29 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531002557/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/sidhu-moosewala-murder-punjab-dgp-vk-bhawra-says-sit-to-be-formed-to-probe-case-399284 |archive-date=31 May 2022 |url-status=bot: unknown |access-date=31 May 2022 }}</ref> According to his friends, Moose Wala did not take his security along with him, as his Thar SUV could not accommodate five people.<ref name="NDTV details">{{cite news |last1=Ghazali |first1=Mohammed |last2=Kumar |first2=Akhil |title=How Sidhu Moose Wala Was Killed - The Chilling Details |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/how-sidhu-moose-wala-was-killed-the-chilling-details-3028055 |access-date=1 June 2022 |work=NDTV |date=1 June 2022}}</ref>
== Aftermath ==
According to police, the Bishnoi gang claimed they killed Moose Wala to avenge the murder of an Akali Youth leader, Vicky Middukhera, in 2021. Moose Wala's aide was purported by the Bishnoi gang of having a role in the killing of Middukhera, though there is no legal evidence to support this.<ref name="NDTV 30 May Shot">{{cite news |title=Singer Sidhu Moose Wala Shot 30 Times, Then Killers Did A Check: Sources |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/singer-sidhu-moose-wala-shot-30-times-then-killers-did-a-check-sources-3021402 |access-date=30 May 2022 |work=NDTV |date=30 May 2022 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135111/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/singer-sidhu-moose-wala-shot-30-times-then-killers-did-a-check-sources-3021402 |url-status=live }}</ref> Canadian [[gangster]] of Punjabi origin Satinder Singh {{Aka}} [[Goldy Brar]] claimed responsibility for the murder. Brar, a close associate of Bishnoi, claimed that his "[[Organized crime in India#Organized crime in Punjab|Punjab module]]" carried out the shooting. Both Brar and Bishnoi have criminal cases against them in India. The Punjab Police later confirmed Bishnoi's involvement.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 May 2022 |title=Canada-Based Gangster Responsible for Fatal Attack on Sidhu Moose Wala: Police |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/canada-based-gangster-goldy-brar-takes-responsibility-for-sidhu-moose-walas-murder |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=TheQuint |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135112/https://www.thequint.com/news/india/canada-based-gangster-goldy-brar-takes-responsibility-for-sidhu-moose-walas-murder |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Who is Goldy Brar? Know about Canada-based gangster believed to be behind Punjabi singer Sidhu Moosewala's murder |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/who-is-goldy-brar-know-about-canada-based-gangster-believed-to-be-behind-punjabi-singer-sidhu-moosewalas-murder |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=Free Press Journal |date=29 May 2022 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530184108/https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/who-is-goldy-brar-know-about-canada-based-gangster-believed-to-be-behind-punjabi-singer-sidhu-moosewalas-murder |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 May 2022 |title=Canada-based gangster takes responsibility for killing Moosewala |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/north-and-central/canada-based-gangster-takes-responsibility-for-killing-moosewala-1113548.html |access-date=29 May 2022 |agency=IANS |work=Deccan Herald |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530184110/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/north-and-central/canada-based-gangster-takes-responsibility-for-killing-moosewala-1113548.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Sidhu Moose Wala's cremation by JK Photography 22.jpg|thumb|Sidhu Moose Wala's parents and fans at his cremation]]
According to the police report, Moose Wala's father revealed that Moose Wala had been receiving death threats from gangsters for extortion purposes, a statement corroborated by singer [[Mika Singh]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Sidhu Moose Wala Received Threats, Including From Bishnoi Gang, Father Mentions In FIR |url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/sidhu-moose-wala-murder-singer-received-threats-including-from-bishnoi-gang-mentions-father-in-fir-key-developments-1534556 |access-date=30 May 2022 |work=ABP News |date=30 May 2022 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530184109/https://news.abplive.com/news/india/sidhu-moose-wala-murder-singer-received-threats-including-from-bishnoi-gang-mentions-father-in-fir-key-developments-1534556 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Two of the accused in the murder of Sidhu Moosewala were killed in a jail fight with gang rivals and a third accused in Moosewala’s murder was severely injured in the Goindwal Sahib Central Jail in Punjab's Tarn Taran district.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2 Accused In Sidhu Moose Wala Murder Case Killed In Punjab Jail Fight |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/2-accused-in-singer-sidhu-moose-wala-murder-case-killed-in-punjab-jail-fight-3816046/amp/1 |access-date=3 September 2024 |website=NDTV.com |language=en}}</ref>

Punjab Chief Minister [[Bhagwant Mann]] condemned the murder, calling Moose Wala "a cultural icon of Punjab". He expressed shock and grief about the singer's death and consoled the aggrieved family.<ref name="judicial commission" /><ref>{{cite news |title=CM Bhagwant Mann 'shocked' by Sidhu Moosewala's murder, says guilty will not be spared |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/cm-bhagwant-mann-shocked-by-moosewalas-murder-says-guilty-will-be-spared-399277 |access-date=1 June 2022 |work=Tribune |date=30 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Mann ordered an investigation into why the Punjab Police reduced Moose's security detail two days prior to his murder.<ref name="NDTV 30 May Shot" /> He also announced that a judicial commission headed by a sitting judge of the [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]] would be set up to investigate the killing.<ref name="judicial commission">{{cite news |title=CM announces to set up judicial commission under sitting HC judge to probe killing of Sidhu Moosewala |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/cm-announces-to-set-up-judicial-commission-under-sitting-hc-judge-to-probe-killing-of-sidhu-moosewala-399509 |access-date=30 May 2022 |work=Tribune |date=30 May 2022 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135551/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/cm-announces-to-set-up-judicial-commission-under-sitting-hc-judge-to-probe-killing-of-sidhu-moosewala-399509 |url-status=live }}</ref> Numerous celebrities offered their condolences on social media.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Sidhu Moosewala Death: Drake, Varun Dhawan, Vicky Kaushal And Others Express Grief |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/sidhu-moose-wala-death-many-celebrities-expressed-grief--news-199223 |access-date=1 June 2022 |magazine=Outlook |date=30 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sidhu Moose Wala death: Ajay Devgn, Kapil Sharma, Shehnaaz Gill, Esha Gupta mourn late singer's demise |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-sidhu-moose-wala-death-shehnaaz-gill-esha-gupta-gippy-grewal-mourn-late-singer-s-demise-2956535 |access-date=1 June 2022 |work=DNA |date=30 May 2022}}</ref>

Police found bullets from an [[AN-94]] Russian assault rifle and a pistol at the spot of the killing. Police had detained six suspects of the incident from the state of [[Uttarakhand]].<ref name="NDTV 30 May Shot" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Rohit |date=30 May 2022 |title=AN-94 Russian rifle used to kill Sidhu Moose Wala, know how it was brought in Punjab; License detail & more |url=https://www.truescoopnews.com/newsdetail/an94-russian-rifle-used-to-kill-sidhu-moose-wala-know-how-it-brought-in-punjab-license-detail-more |access-date=30 May 2022 |work=True Scoop News}}</ref> On 30 May, one of the murder suspects was detained by the Punjab Police while he was hiding among the pilgrims of [[Gurudwara Shri Hemkund Sahib]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Sengar |first1=Mukesh Singh |last2=Achom |first2=Debanish |date=30 May 2022 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/singer-sidhu-moose-wala-murder-case-suspect-arrested-in-uttarakhand-was-hiding-among-pilgrims-3022201 |title=Singer Sidhu Moose Wala Murder: Suspect, Hiding Among Pilgrims, Detained |work=NDTV |access-date=30 May 2022 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135542/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/singer-sidhu-moose-wala-murder-case-suspect-arrested-in-uttarakhand-was-hiding-among-pilgrims-3022201 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 30 May, the [[Delhi]] unit of the INC staged a protest near AAP leader [[Arvind Kejriwal]]'s residence holding the [[Aam Aadmi Party, Punjab|AAP]]-ruled [[Government of Punjab, India|Government of Punjab]] responsible for the incident, blaming their decision to curtail Moose Wala's security cover.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Joshi |first1=Poorva |title=Delhi Congress stages protest near CM's residence, holds AAP responsible for Sidhu Moose Wala's killing |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/sidhu-moose-wala-killing-delhi-congress-protest-aam-aadmi-party-arvind-kejriwal-bhagwant-mann-2022-05-30-780463 |access-date=30 May 2022 |work=India TV News |date=30 May 2022 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135544/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/sidhu-moose-wala-killing-delhi-congress-protest-aam-aadmi-party-arvind-kejriwal-bhagwant-mann-2022-05-30-780463 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |agency=PTI |title=Delhi Cong stages protest holds AAP responsible for Moosewala's killing |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2022/05/30/des4-dl-singer-cong-protest.html |access-date=30 May 2022 |magazine=The Week |date=30 May 2022 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135548/https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2022/05/30/des4-dl-singer-cong-protest.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Sidhu Moose Wala's cremation by JK Photography 31.jpg|thumb|Fans in tears at Moose Wala's funeral]]
His autopsy was carried out by five doctors, and the event was videographed. According to post mortem reports, Moose Wala received 19 bullet injuries, and he died within 15 minutes of being shot due to the wounds.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ghazali |first=Mohammed |title=Sidhu Moose Wala Had 19 Bullet Marks, Death Within 15 Mins: Autopsy Report |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sidhu-moose-wala-had-19-bullet-marks-death-within-15-mins-autopsy-report-3033497 |access-date=2 June 2022 |work=NDTV |date=2 June 2022}}</ref>

Moose Wala was cremated in his ancestral village on 31 May. His last rites were performed on his farmland.<ref name="NDTV_31May2022">{{cite news |last1=Chakravarty |first1=Shonakshi |last2=Achom |first2=Debanish |title=Singer Sidhu Moose Wala's Father's Moving Gesture After Cremation |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/singer-sidhu-moose-walas-fathers-tragic-gesture-after-cremation-3025705 |access-date=31 May 2022 |work=NDTV |date=31 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=On The Last Ride, thousands bid adieu to Punjabi singer Sidhu Moosewala |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/on-the-last-ride-thousands-bid-adieu-to-punjabi-singer-turned-politician-sidhu-moosewala-399871 |access-date=12 June 2022 |work=Tribune |date=31 May 2022}}</ref>

On 3 June, Bishnoi allegedly admitted to being involved in the murder and that he had a rivalry with Moose Wala.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ghosh |first=Poulomi |date=3 June 2022 |title=Lawrence Bishnoi admits his gang had rivalry with Sidhu Moose Wala: Report |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/lawrence-bishnoi-admits-his-gang-members-killed-sidhu-moose-wala-report-101654238887423.html |access-date=3 June 2022 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=3 June 2022 |title=Gangster Lawrence Bishnoi accepts his role in Moosewala killing |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/yes-i-got-sidhu-moosewala-killed-gangster-lawrence-bishnoi-to-delhi-police-400644 |access-date=3 June 2022 |website=Tribune}}</ref> On 8 June, a ''[[bhog]]'' ceremony was arranged in Mansa.<ref>{{cite news |agency=ANI |title=Hundreds Gather During Sidhu Moose Wala's 'Bhog' Ceremony In Punjab |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/hundreds-gather-during-singer-sidhu-moose-walas-bhog-ceremony-in-punjabs-mansa-3048163 |access-date=8 August 2022 |work=NDTV |date=8 June 2022}}</ref> On 3 July, Ankit Sirsa was arrested by Delhi police for being one of the shooters involved in the killing.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sidhu Moosewala killing: Deadliest shooter Ankit Sirsa who fired with both hands among 2 held by Delhi police |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/sidhu-moosewala-killing-delhi-police-arrest-third-shooter-ankit-409398 |access-date=20 July 2022 |work=Tribune |date=5 July 2022}}</ref> On 20 July, gangsters Manpreet Mannu and Jagrup Rupa, suspected of involvement in Moose Wala's killing, were gunned down by the Punjab Police.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rana|first=Yudhveer|date=20 July 2022|title=Sidhu Moose Wala killer was shot dead by the Punjab Police|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amritsar/punjab-encounter-breaks-out-between-police-and-gangsters-in-amritsar-village/articleshow/93001570.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=20 July 2022}}</ref> On 26 July, [[India TV]] reported that Punjab Police arrested the last absconding shooter, Deepak Mundi.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Joshi |first1=Poorva |title=Sidhu Moose Wala killing: Deepak Mundi, sixth and last absconding shooter arrested in Amritsar |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/sidhu-moose-wala-killing-last-shooter-arrested-amritsar-attari-border-deepak-mundi-punjab-police-latest-updates-2022-07-26-794989 |access-date=29 July 2022 |work=[[India TV]] |date=26 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> However, ''[[The Indian Express]]'' reported that he was arrested on 11 September near the Bengal-Nepal border.<ref>{{citation |date=10 September 2022 |title=Sidhu Moosewala murder case: 6th shooter Deepak Mundi arrested from near Bengal-Nepal border |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/moosewala-murder-case-sixth-shooter-deepak-mundi-arrested-8142672/ |access-date=22 September 2022 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Politics ==
Before the [[Sangrur Lok Sabha constituency#2022 candidates|Sangrur Lok Sabha by-election in 2022]], the [[Indian National Congress|INC]] had used pictures of Moose Wala in its election song. The family of Moose Wala made a public appeal to political parties and individuals, asking them to not use his name for political or personal motives. The move was also criticised by the [[Aam Aadmi Party]].<ref name="motives">{{cite news |title=Don't use Sidhu Moosewala's name for political or personal motives, appeals his family |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/dont-use-sidhu-moosewalas-name-for-political-or-personal-motives-appeals-his-family-403766 |access-date=14 June 2022 |work=Tribune |date=14 June 2022}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Sidhu Moose Wala}}

[[Category:May 2022 in India]]
[[Category:Assassinated Indian people]]
[[Category:2022 in music]]
[[Category:2022 murders in India]]
[[Category:Assassinations in India]]
[[Category:Sidhu Moose Wala]]

Bishnupur Lok Sabha constituency

2026-04-26T15:36:11Z

DessiePelloe5: done - done

{{Short description|Lok Sabha constituency in West Bengal}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Bishnupur {{Small|WB-37}}
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/West Bengal/Bishnupur.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Bishnupur Lok Sabha Constituency
| established = 1962
| reservation = SC
| mp = [[Saumitra Khan]]
| incumbent_image = Saumitra.jpg
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| assembly_cons = [[Barjora Assembly constituency|Barjora]] [[Onda Assembly constituency|Onda]] [[Bishnupur, Bankura Assembly constituency|Bishnupur]] [[Katulpur Assembly constituency|Katulpur]] [[Indas Assembly constituency|Indas]] [[Sonamukhi Assembly constituency|Sonamukhi]] [[Khandaghosh Assembly constituency|Khandaghosh]]
| electors =17,54,268<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/grfYnWoV4R.pdf | title=Voter turnout of 62.2% recorded in phase-5 of General Elections 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524040654/https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/grfYnWoV4R.pdf | archive-date=24 May 2024 }}</ref>
}}

'''Bishnupur Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 543 [[Lok Sabha|parliamentary]] constituencies in [[India]]. The constituency centres on [[Bishnupur (Bankura)|Bishnupur]]
in [[West Bengal]]. While six of the assembly seats of Bishnupur Lok Sabha constituency are in [[Bankura district]], one assembly segment is in [[Purba Bardhaman district]]. The seat is reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|scheduled castes]].

==Assembly segments==
[[File:Westbengalen Wahlkreise Lok Sabha.svg|thumb|350 px|right|'''Parliamentary constituencies in West Bengal''' - 1. Cooch Behar, 2. Alipurduars, 3. Jalpaiguri, 4. Darjeeling, 5. Raiganj, 6. Balurghat, 7. Maldaha Uttar, 8. Maldaha Dakshin, 9. Jangipur, 10. Baharampur, 11. Murshidabad, 12. Krishnanagar, 13. Ranaghat, 14. Bangaon, 15. Barrackpore, 16. Dum Dum, 17. Barasat, 18. Basirhat, 19. Jaynagar, 20. Mathurapur, 21. Diamond Harbour, 22. Jadavpur, 23. Kolkata Dakshin, 24. Kolkata Uttar, 25. Howrah, 26. Uluberia, 27. Serampore, 28. Hooghly, 29. Arambagh, 30. Tamluk, 31, Kanthi, 32. Ghatal, 33. Jhargram, 34. Medinipur, 35. Purulia, 36. Bankura, 37. '''Bishnupur''', 38. Bardhaman Purba, 39. Bardhaman Durgapur, 40. Asansol, 41. Bolpur, 42. Birbhum]]

As per order of the [[Delimitation Commission]] issued in 2006 in respect of the [[delimitation of constituencies]] in the West Bengal, parliamentary constituency no. 37 Bishnupur (SC) is composed of the following segments:<ref name =delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 | access-date = 2009-05-27 | work = Table B – Extent of Parliamentary Constituencies | publisher =Government of West Bengal}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! No
! Name
! District
! Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |2024 Lead
|-
|253
|[[Barjora Assembly constituency|Barjora]]
|rowspan=6|[[Bankura district|Bankura]]
|[[Alok Mukherjee (politician)|Alok Mukherjee]]
|{{party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
| 254
|[[Onda Assembly constituency|Onda]]
|[[Amarnath Shakha]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|255
|[[Bishnupur, Bankura Assembly constituency|Bishnupur]]
|[[Tanmay Ghosh]]{{efn|Tanmay Ghosh was elected as a BJP MLA. However, on 30 August 2021, he defected to the Trinamool Congress}}
|{{party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|256
|[[Katulpur Assembly constituency|Katulpur]] (SC)
|[[Harakali Protiher]]{{efn|Harakali Protiher was elected as a BJP MLA. However, on 27 October 2023, he defected to the Trinamool Congress}}
|-
|257
|[[Indas Assembly constituency|Indas]] (SC)
|[[Nirmal Kumar Dhara]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|{{party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|-
|258
|[[Sonamukhi Assembly constituency|Sonamukhi]] (SC)
|[[Dibakar Gharami]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|259
|[[Khandaghosh Assembly constituency|Khandaghosh]] (SC)
|[[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Bardhaman]]
|[[Nabin Chandra Bag]]
|{{party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|{{party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|-
|}

Prior to delimitation, Vishnupur Lok Sabha constituency was composed of the following [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] segments:<ref>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/LS_2004/Vol_III_LS_2004.pdf | title = Statistical Report on General Elections, 2004 to the 14th Lok Sabha | access-date = 2010-10-01 | work = Volume III Details For Assembly Segments Of Parliamentary Constituencies | publisher = Election Commission of India }}</ref>[[Taldangra Assembly constituency|Taldangra]] (assembly constituency no. 244), [[Raipur, Bankura Assembly constituency|Raipur (ST)]] (assembly constituency no. 245), [[Ranibandh Assembly constituency|Ranibandh (ST)]] (assembly constituency no. 246), [[Indpur Assembly constituency|Indpur (SC)]] (assembly constituency no. 247), [[Bishnupur, Bankura Assembly constituency|Vishnupur]] (assembly constituency no. 253), [[Katulpur Assembly constituency|Kotulpur]] (assembly constituency no. 254) and [[Indas Assembly constituency|Indas (SC)]] (assembly constituency no. 255).

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Lok Sabha!!Duration!!Name of M.P.!!colspan=2|Party Affiliation
|-
|[[3rd Lok Sabha|Third]]||1962-67||rowspan=2|[[Pashupati Mandal]]||{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<ref name=loksabha1962>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1962/Vol_I_LS_62.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962- Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 June 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[4th Lok Sabha|Fourth]]||1967-71<ref name=loksabha1967>{{cite web | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf | title = General Elections, India, 1967 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results | work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission | access-date = 2 June 2014 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185108/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf | archive-date = 18 July 2014 }}</ref>
|-
|[[5th Lok Sabha|Fifth]] ||1971-77||rowspan=4|[[Ajit Kumar Saha]]||{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=11|dab=yes}}<ref name=loksabha1971>{{cite web |url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal |publisher = Election Commission |access-date = 2 June 2014 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175452/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf |archive-date = 18 July 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| [[6th Lok Sabha|Sixth]]||1977-80<ref name=loksabha1977>{{cite web |url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf |title = General Elections, 1977 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2 June 2014 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185438/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf |archive-date = 18 July 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| [[7th Lok Sabha|Seventh]]||1980-84<ref name=loksabha1980>{{cite web |url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf |title = General Elections, 1980 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2 June 2014 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175926/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf |archive-date = 18 July 2014 }}</ref>
|-
|[[8th Lok Sabha|Eighth]]||1984-89<ref name=loksabha1984>{{cite web |url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf |title = General Elections, 1984 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2 June 2014 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140718184911/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf |archive-date = 18 July 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| [[9th Lok Sabha|Ninth]]||1989-91||rowspan=2|Sukhendu Khan<ref name=loksabha1989>{{cite web |url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf |title = General Elections, 1989 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2 June 2014 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf |archive-date = 18 July 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| [[10th Lok Sabha|Tenth]]||1991-96<ref name=loksabha1991>{{cite web |url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1991/VOL_I_91.pdf |title = General Elections, 1991 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2 June 2014 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183558/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1991/VOL_I_91.pdf |archive-date = 18 July 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| [[11th Lok Sabha|Eleventh]]||1996-98||rowspan=3|[[Sandhya Bauri]]<ref name=loksabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1996/Vol_I_LS_96.pdf |title = General Elections, 1996 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2 June 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| [[12th Lok Sabha|Twelfth]]||1998-99<ref name=loksabha1998>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf |title=General Elections, 1998 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718181833/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| [[13th Lok Sabha|Thirteenth]]||1999-04<ref name=loksabha1999>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf |title=General Elections, 1999 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref>
|-
|[[14th Lok Sabha|Fourteenth]]||2004-09||rowspan=2|[[Susmita Bauri]]<ref name=loksabha2004>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf |title = General Elections, 2004 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2 June 2014 }}</ref>
|-
|[[15th Lok Sabha|Fifteenth]]||2009-14<ref name=loksabha2009>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf |title=General Elections, 2009 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811090059/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf |archive-date=11 August 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| [[16th Lok Sabha|Sixteenth]]||2014-19||rowspan=3|[[Saumitra Khan]]||{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<ref name=loksabha2014>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2014/33%20-%20Constituency%20wise%20detailed%20result.pdf |title = General Elections 2014 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 19 June 2016 }}</ref>
|-
| [[17th Lok Sabha|Seventeenth]]||2019-24||{{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[18th Lok Sabha|Eighteenth]]||2024-''Incumbent''|2024-29
|-
|}

==Election results==
===General election 2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general elections]]: Bishnupur<ref name="2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Bishnupur">{{cite news |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Bishnupur |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2537.htm |access-date=24 July 2025 |work= |issue= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724145032/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2537.htm |archive-date=24 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Bishnupur Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 - 2024">{{cite news |title=Bishnupur Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 - 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/west-bengal/bishnupur |access-date=24 July 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724145027/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/west-bengal/bishnupur |archive-date=24 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Saumitra Khan]]
|votes = 6,80,130
|percentage = 44.93
|change = {{down}}1.32
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Sujata Mondal
|votes = 6,74,563
|percentage = 44.56
|change = {{up}}3.81
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Shital Koiborto
|votes = 1,05,411
|percentage = 6.96
|change = {{down}}0.26
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = NOTA
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 19,132
|percentage = 1.26
|change = {{up}}0.24
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 5,567
|percentage = 0.37
|change = {{down}}5.13
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 15,13,872
|percentage = 86.30
|change = {{down}}1.04
}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors =17,54,268 |ref = }}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: Bishnupur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Saumitra Khan]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 657,019
|percentage = 46.25
|change = +32.14
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Shyamal Santra]]
|votes = 578,972
|percentage = 40.75
|change = -4.75
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Sunil Khan
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|votes = 102,615
|percentage = 7.22
|change = -26.55
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Narayan Chandra Khan
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 17,932
|percentage = 1.26
|change = -0.86
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Basudeb Sikari
|party = Bahujan Mukti Party
|votes = 7,816
|percentage = 0.95
|change = +0.34
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Ajit Kumar Bauri
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|votes = 11,225
|percentage = 0.79
|change = +0.41
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Tarani Roy
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 11,070
|percentage = 0.78
|change = +0.25
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 14,436
|percentage = 1.02
|change = -0.62
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 78,047
|percentage = 5.50
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 14,21,191
|percentage = 87.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 16,27,199
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing = +18.45
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: Bishnupur<ref name=loksabha2014/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Saumitra Khan]]
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|votes = 578,870
|percentage = 45.50
|change = +6.45
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Susmita Bauri]]
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|votes = 459,185
|percentage = 33.73
|change = -17.59
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Dr. Jayanta Mondal
|votes = 179,530
|percentage = 14.11
|change = +10.14
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Narayan Chandra Khan
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 27,054
|percentage = 2.12
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Jagadananda Roy
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 10,127
|percentage = 0.79
|change = -0.04
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Joydeb Bauri
|party = Bahujan Mukti Party
|votes = 7,816
|percentage = 0.61
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Tarani Roy
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 6,854
|percentage = 0.53
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Dinesh Lohar
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 6,820
|percentage = 0.53
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Sadananda Mandal
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|votes = 4,886
|percentage = 0.38
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 20,928
|percentage = 1.64
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 1,49,685
|percentage = 11.77
|change = -0.50
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,272,070
|percentage = 86.72
|change = +1.56
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections|General Election, 2009]]: [[Bishnupur (Bankura)|Bishnupur]]<ref name=loksabha2009/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[Susmita Bauri]]
|votes = 541,075
|percentage = 51.92
|change = -12.96
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Seuli Saha]]
|votes = 411,709
|percentage = 39.05
|change = +15.91
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Jayanta Mondal
|votes = 41,908
|percentage = 3.97
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
|candidate = Tapas Das
|votes = 21,634
|percentage = 2.02
|change = ''N/A''
}}{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Uma Kanta Bhakat
|votes = 17,727
|percentage = 1.68
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Uttam Bouri
|votes = 11,280
|percentage = 1.07
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Manik Bauri
|votes = 8,816
|percentage = 0.83
|change = -0.48
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 129,366
|percentage = 12.27
|change = -28.87
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,054,188
|percentage = 85.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing = -12.96
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2004===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general elections|General Election, 2004]]: [[Bishnupur (Bankura)|Bishnupur]]<ref name=loksabha2009/>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[Susmita Bauri]]
|votes = 518,507
|percentage = 64.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Janardan Saha
|votes = 186,678
|percentage = 23.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Achintya Majhi
|votes = 61,793
|percentage = 7.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Sraban Mondal
|votes = 29,009
|percentage = 3.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Ajoy Bauri
|votes = 10,637
|percentage = 1.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 3,31,829
|percentage = 41.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 8,06,624
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 1962-2004===
Most of the contests were multi-cornered. However, only winners and runners-up are mentioned below:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Voters
!Voter turnout
!Winner
|
|
!Runners up
|
|
|-
|
|
!%age
!Candidate
!%age
!Party
!Candidate
!%age
!Party
|-
|1962
|214,661
|45.63
|Pashupati Mandal
|52.94
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|Biswanath Bauri
|27.54
|[[Communist Party of India]]<ref name=loksabha1962/>
|-
|1967
|315,034
|60.58
|Pashupati Mandal
|49.12
|Indian National Congress
|M.M.Mallick
|35.45
|[[Bangla Congress]]<ref name=loksabha1967/>
|-
|1971
|316,885
|50.14
|Ajit Kumar Saha
|33.29
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|Guru Pada Khan
|32.46
|Indian National Congress<ref name=loksabha1971/>
|-
|1977
| 376,330
|62.60
|Ajit Kumar Saha
|67.30
|Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|Gour Chandra Lohar
|31.39
|Indian National Congress<ref name=loksabha1977/>
|-
|1980
|527,720
|76.18
|Ajit Kumar Saha
|58.27
|Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|Tulsi Das Mandal
|36.81
|Indian National Congress (I)<ref name =loksabha1980/>
|-
|1984
|613,200
|80.50
| Ajit Kumar Saha
|54.77
|Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|Gour Chandra Lohar
|42.17
|Indian National Congress<ref name=loksabha1984/>
|-
|1989
|744,880
|82.12
|Sukhendu Khan
|59.78
|Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|Jayanta Kumar Mallick
|34.20
|Indian National Congress<ref name=loksabha1989/>
|-
|1991
|738, 610
|78.99
|Sukhendu Khan
|58.57
|Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|Sadhan Majhi
|32.18
|Indian National Congress<ref name=loksabha1991/>
|-
|1996
|851,260
|84.13
|[[Sandhya Bauri]]
|58.14
|Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|Ashis Rajak
|25.99
|Indian National Congress<ref name=loksabha1996/>
|-
|1998
|862,530
|81.06
|Sandhya Bauri
|56.79
|Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|Purnima Lohar
|36.28
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]<ref name=loksabha1998/>
|-
|1999
|846,340
|78.96
|Sandhya Bauri
|57.89
|Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|Adhibas Duley
|36.13
|All India Trinamool Congress<ref name=loksabha1999/>
|-
|2004
|806,910
|76.64
|[[Susmita Bauri]]
|64.28
|Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|Janardan Saha
|23.14
|All India Trinamool Congress<ref name=loksabha2004/>
|-
|}
In 1951 and 1957 [[Bankura Lok Sabha constituency]], then covering the Bishnupur area also, had two seats with one reserved for [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]]

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==External links==
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/west_bengal/bishnupur/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_results.html Bishnupur lok sabha constituency election 2019 result details]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}
{{Bankura topics}}

{{coord|23.08|N|87.32|E|format=dms|source:fallingraingenomics_region:IN-WB |display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bishnupur Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Bankura district]]

Bharatpedia:WikiProject Assam

2026-04-26T04:15:30Z

DessiePelloe5:

{{WikiProject status|inactive|type=geo|portal=|parent=India|sc1=WP:ASSAM|sc2=WP:ASM}}
{{tmbox|text=This project is active, please consider first joining the parent [[WP:WikiProject India|WikiProject India]] and posting at [[Wikipedia talk:Noticeboard for India-related topics|Noticeboard for India-related topics]].}}
{{Wikipedia:WikiProject India/Navigation}}

Some Wikipedians have formed a project to improve organisation and standardise the look and feel of articles related to the Indian state of [[Assam]].

==Goals==
To create articles for uncovered topics and produce as many Assam-related Featured Articles as possible.

If you would like to help, please inquire on the [[Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject Assam|talk page]] and look at the [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Assam/ToDo|to-do]] list.

==Scope==
The scope of this WikiProject is the set of all Assam-related articles and sections, currently included in [[:Category:WikiProject Assam]]. You may tag articles to the WikiProject Assam scope by adding '''<nowiki>{{WPASM}}</nowiki>''' on top of the talk-page.

==Members==
If you wish to join WikiProject Assam, place one of the following lines of [[Help:Wikitext|Wikitext]] on their [[Special:MyPage|user page]] to add it to '''{{nobreak|[[:Category:WikiProject Assam participants]]}}'''.
{{yytop}}
{{yycat|WikiProject Assam participants}}
{{yy|Template:User WikiProject Assam}}
{{yy|Template:User WP Assam}}
{{yy|Template:User WP Assam|invite}}
{{yyend}}
For other Assam user templates, see '''{{nobreak|[[:Category:Assam user templates]]}}'''.

==ToDo==
Listed below some of recommendations for members of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Assam]].
# Update [[Portal:Assam]]
# Regular update [[List of districts of Assam]]
# Article chronicling basic knowledge about [[Assam]]
# Articles about people, climate, environment, literature, eminent personalities.
# Improving articles about ancient kingdoms like [[Kamata kingdom]], [[Kamarupa]], [[Ahom kingdom]], citing Assamese texts, pictures, references. Also add other kingdoms like [[Sutiya kingdom|Sutiya]], [[Kachari kingdom|Kachari]], [[Baro Bhuyans|Baro Bhuyans]] etc..
# Improving contents of [[Portal:Assam]] and similar projects.
# Write about historical figures.
# Write all the dynasties, their lineage, dividing them chronologically.
# Write about districts.
# Write about tourism and industries.
# Write about communities.
# Write about music, bands etc.
# Write about innovations by Assamese people etc.

==Parentage==

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OpIndia

2026-04-23T05:31:13Z

DessiePelloe5: starting a details basic info

{{short description|Indian far-right pro-Hindutva news portal}}
{{pp-protected|small=yes}}
{{Italic title}}{{Use Indian English|date=April 2020}}{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox website
| name = OpIndia
| logo = OpIndia logo (transparent).svg{{!}}class=skin-invert
| logo_alt = OpIndia logo
| logo_size = 200px
| type = {{plainlist|
* [[Fake news]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kumar |first1=Keval J. |title=Mass Communication in India |date=2020 |publisher=Jaico Publishing House |isbn=9788172243739 |page=71 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ECF7hjnZWfcC&pg=PT71 |access-date=1 December 2022 |archive-date=1 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201120542/https://books.google.com/books?id=ECF7hjnZWfcC&pg=PT71 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Far-right politics]]<ref name="far-right" />
* [[Hindutva]] ideology<ref name="Hindutva" />
}}
| language = English, Hindi, Gujarati<ref>{{Cite web |title=અમારા વિષે(About Us) |url=https://gujarati.opindia.com/about/ |access-date=2023-06-10 |website=ઑપઇન્ડિયા |trans-website=OpIndia |quote=અમારા આ જ વાચકવર્ગની માંગણીને માન આપીને 2019માં ઑપઇન્ડિયા હિન્દી બાદ હવે 2022માં અમે ઑપઇન્ડિયા ગુજરાતી લાવી રહ્યા છીએ. |trans-quote=Respecting the demand of our same readership, after OpIndia Hindi in 2019, now in 2022 we are bringing OpIndia Gujarati. |language=gu |archive-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601111313/https://gujarati.opindia.com/about/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| founder = {{plainlist|
* Rahul Raj
* Kumar Kamal
}}
| CEO = Rahul Roushan
| owner = Aadhyaasi Media and Content Services
| editors = {{plainlist|
* Nupur J. Sharma (English)
* Chandan Kumar (Hindi)<ref name="About OpIndia Hindi" />
}}
| url = opindia.com
| commercial = Yes
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|2014|12}}
| headquarters = [[New Delhi]]
}}
{{Islamophobia|expanded=Media}}
'''OpIndia''' is an Indian [[far-right]]{{refn|name="far-right"|Sources describing OpIndia as far-right: <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dutta |first=Mohan J. |date=2024-04-30 |title=Digital platforms, Hindutva, and disinformation: Communicative strategies and the Leicester violence |journal=[[Communication Monographs]] |language=en |pages=1–29 |doi=10.1080/03637751.2024.2339799 |issn=0363-7751 |quote=Note here the following post from the Twitter handle of Nupur J. Sharma, the editor of the far-right Hindutva platform OpIndia that disseminates hate speech... |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Siddiqui |first=Mohammad Amaan |date=2024-01-05 |title=The Role of Far-Right Media Houses and Organisations in Disseminating Hindu Nationalist 'Love Jihad' Narratives on X |url=https://gnet-research.org/2024/01/05/the-role-of-far-right-media-houses-and-organisations-in-disseminating-hindu-nationalist-love-jihad-narratives-on-x/ |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=[[Global Network on Extremism and Technology]] |language=en-GB |archive-date=16 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716224921/https://gnet-research.org/2024/01/05/the-role-of-far-right-media-houses-and-organisations-in-disseminating-hindu-nationalist-love-jihad-narratives-on-x/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Manuvie |first1=R. |last2=Maurya |first2=S. |date=July 2020 |title=An Atmosphere of Hate Case Study: OpIndia |url=https://thelondonstory.org/wp-content/uploads/Atmosphere-of-hate.pdf |website=The London Story |page=1 |quote=OpIndia as a far-right media house has in recent times not only promoted a highly Islamophobic narrative in India... |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=13 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913021054/https://thelondonstory.org/wp-content/uploads/Atmosphere-of-hate.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Elliott |first=Vittoria |date=May 22, 2024 |title=A Far-Right Indian News Site Posts Racist Conspiracies. US Tech Companies Keep Platforming It |url=https://www.wired.com/story/india-opindia-google-facebook-advertising/ |access-date=2024-09-25 |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028 |archive-date=6 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241006065940/https://www.wired.com/story/india-opindia-google-facebook-advertising/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chaudhuri |first=Pooja |date=2024-05-28 |title=How Four Hindu Nationalist Websites Make Their Money |url=https://www.bellingcat.com/news/2024/05/28/how-hindu-nationalist-far-right-india-websites-money/ |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=[[Bellingcat]] |language=en-GB |quote=Bellingcat identified two such far-right outlets–OpIndia and Hindu Existence. |archive-date=6 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241006065941/https://www.bellingcat.com/news/2024/05/28/how-hindu-nationalist-far-right-india-websites-money/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0" />}} news website known for frequently publishing [[disinformation]].<ref>{{cite book | last=Lal | first=A. | title=India Social: HOW SOCIAL MEDIA IS LEADING THE CHARGE AND CHANGING THE COUNTRY | publisher=Hachette India | year=2017 | isbn=978-93-5195-213-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OhBADwAAQBAJ | page=69 | access-date=30 November 2022 | archive-date=30 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130141208/https://books.google.com/books?id=OhBADwAAQBAJ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Chadha | first1=Kalyani | last2=Bhat | first2=Prashanth | title=Alternative News Media and Critique of Mainstream Journalism in India: The Case of OpIndia | journal=Digital Journalism | publisher=Informa UK Limited | volume=10 | issue=8 | date=2022-09-14 | issn=2167-0811 | doi=10.1080/21670811.2022.2118143 | pages=1283–1301| s2cid=252511758 }}</ref>{{refn|name=right-wing|{{r|Bhat-2020|p=1–2}}<ref name="Chadha-2019" /><ref name="Nizaruddin-2021">{{cite journal |last1=Nizaruddin |first1=Fathima |title=Role of Public WhatsApp Groups Within the Hindutva Ecosystem of Hate and Narratives of "CoronaJihad" |journal=[[International Journal of Communication]] |date=February 2021 |volume=15 |url=https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/16255/3370 |access-date=25 February 2021 |publisher=[[USC Annenberg Press]] |issn=1932-8036 |archive-date=29 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429093158/https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/16255/3370 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Eaton-2020">{{cite book |last1=Eaton |first1=Natasha |title=Travel, Art and Collecting in South Asia: Vertiginous Exchange |date=December 14, 2020 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-000-26255-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HyAJEAAAQBAJ |url-access=limited |access-date=19 January 2021 |language=en |via=[[Google Books]] |quote=The online press has many such stories whose intent is largely divided between sensationalism and anti Muslim sentiment as any browse of the right wing site www.opindia.com shows. |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326135102/https://books.google.com/books?id=HyAJEAAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=21 April 2020|title=Jamia Millia Shooting: Making of a Hindutva Terrorist|url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/02/jamia-millia-shootout-making-of-a-hindutva-terrorist/|website=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]]|first=Soma|last=Bosu|date=3 February 2020|archive-date=15 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415101747/https://thediplomat.com/2020/02/jamia-millia-shootout-making-of-a-hindutva-terrorist/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Bhushan-2017" /><ref name="Ananth-2019" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/politics/bjp-supporters-have-a-secret-weapon-in-their-online-poll-campaign-satire/232321/|title=BJP supporters have a secret weapon in their online poll campaign — satire|last=Mihindukulasuriya|first=Regina|date=8 May 2019|website=[[ThePrint]]|language=en-US|access-date=10 November 2019|archive-date=10 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110073902/https://theprint.in/politics/bjp-supporters-have-a-secret-weapon-in-their-online-poll-campaign-satire/232321/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/the-troll-who-turned/articleshow/64618891.cms|title=The troll who turned|last=Ghosh|first=Labonita|date=17 June 2018|website=[[Mumbai Mirror]]|language=en|access-date=10 November 2019|archive-date=10 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110073857/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/the-troll-who-turned/articleshow/64618891.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Manish-2018b" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Chaturvedi|first=Swati|author-link=Swati Chaturvedi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NK5oDwAAQBAJ|title=I Am a Troll: Inside the Secret World of the BJP's Digital Army|date=2016|publisher=[[Juggernaut Books]]|isbn=9789386228093|pages=11, 23|language=en|access-date=16 September 2020|archive-date=26 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326135104/https://books.google.com/books?id=NK5oDwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Matharu" /><ref>{{cite web|first1=Harish|last1=Pullanoor|access-date=20 March 2020|title=After Pulwama attack, Indians vent their anger at Pakistan, ethnic Kashmiris, and media|url=https://qz.com/india/1552829/after-pulwama-attack-indians-vent-their-anger-at-pakistan-ethnic-kashmiris-and-media/|website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]|date=17 February 2019|archive-date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320235703/https://qz.com/india/1552829/after-pulwama-attack-indians-vent-their-anger-at-pakistan-ethnic-kashmiris-and-media/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="The Free Press Journal-2020" /><ref name="Kauntia-2020" />}} Founded in December 2014,<ref name="Bhushan-2017">{{Cite news|last=Bhushan|first=Sandeep|url=https://thewire.in/media/arnabs-republic-modis-ideology|title=Arnab's Republic, Modi's Ideology|date=25 January 2017|work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]|access-date=4 June 2020|archive-date=1 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101160231/https://thewire.in/media/arnabs-republic-modis-ideology|url-status=live}}</ref> the website has published [[fake news]] and [[Islamophobia|Islamophobic]] commentary on numerous occasions.{{refn|name=Fake news|Sources describing OpIndia's publication of fake news: <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.altnews.in/search/OpIndia|title=Search results for OpIndia|website=[[Alt News]]|language=en-GB|access-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316032246/https://www.altnews.in/search/OpIndia|archive-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boomlive.in/search?search=OpIndia|title=Search results for OpIndia|website=Boom|access-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316032306/https://www.boomlive.in/search?search=OpIndia|archive-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Chakrabarti-2018">{{cite web|url=http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/duty-identity-credibility.pdf|title=Duty, Identity, Credibility: 'Fake News' and the ordinary citizen in India|first1=Santanu|last1=Chakrabarti|first2=Lucile|last2=Stengel|first3=Sapna|last3=Solanki|date=20 November 2018|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=10 November 2019|pages=87–88|archive-date=9 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109184128/http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/duty-identity-credibility.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Singh |first1=Prabhjit |title=Farmers at Kundli upset over media misrepresentation, accusations; confront "godi media" |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/news/farmers-at-kundli-upset-over-media-misrepresentation-accusations-confront-godi-media |website=[[The Caravan]] |access-date=19 January 2021 |language=en |date=29 November 2020 |archive-date=6 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506144545/https://caravanmagazine.in/news/farmers-at-kundli-upset-over-media-misrepresentation-accusations-confront-godi-media |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1418915|title=Digital death|last=Khuhro|first=Zarrar|date=9 July 2018|website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|language=en|access-date=10 November 2019|archive-date=10 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110092959/https://www.dawn.com/news/1418915|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kumar-2020a" /><ref name="Tiwari-2020" /><ref name="Alam-2020" />}}{{refn|name=Islamophobic|Sources describing OpIndia's publication of Islamophobic content: <ref name="Nizaruddin-2021" /><ref name="Eaton-2020" /><ref name="Chandra-2021" /><ref name="Jaisal-2024" /><ref name="Kumar-2020a" /><ref name="Tiwari-2020" /><ref name="Alam-2020" /><ref name="Chandra-2020" /><ref name="Jha-2020" /><ref name="Kumar-2020b" />}} OpIndia is dedicated to criticism of what it considers [[Liberalism|liberal]] media,<ref name="Chadha-2019" /> and to support of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP){{refn|name=BJP|{{r|Bhat-2020|p=4}}<ref name="Chakrabarti-2018" /><ref>{{cite web|access-date=2020-09-08|title=Many like Raja Singh are still benefitting from Facebook|url=https://www.siasat.com/many-like-raja-singh-are-still-benefitting-from-facebook-1965683/|date=4 September 2020|first=Daneesh|last=Majid|website=[[The Siasat Daily]]|archive-date=17 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917181404/https://www.siasat.com/many-like-raja-singh-are-still-benefitting-from-facebook-1965683/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=2020-09-08|title=EC faces controversy over hiring social media firms close to BJP|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/08/07/ec-faces-controversy-over-hiring-social-media-firms-close-to-bjp.html|website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]|date=7 August 2020|first=Soni|last=Mishra|archive-date=10 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810231353/https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/08/07/ec-faces-controversy-over-hiring-social-media-firms-close-to-bjp.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first1=Shoaib|last1=Daniyal|access-date=2020-09-08|title=Modi goes secular? BJP's minimum outreach to Muslims is causing heartburn among party's supporters|url=https://scroll.in/article/931915/modi-goes-secular-bjps-minimum-outreach-to-muslims-is-causing-heartburn-among-partys-supporters|website=[[Scroll.in]]|date=28 July 2019|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001091404/https://scroll.in/article/931915/modi-goes-secular-bjps-minimum-outreach-to-muslims-is-causing-heartburn-among-partys-supporters|url-status=live}}</ref>}} and [[Hindutva]] ideology.{{refn|name=Hindutva|{{r|Bhat-2020|p=4}}<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2020-09-08|title=Mumbai: Online battle over Aarey car shed gets ugly|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-online-battle-over-aarey-car-shed-gets-ugly-6004563/|date=18 September 2019|website=[[The Indian Express]]|first1=Mohamed|last1=Thaver|first2=Laxman|last2=Singh|archive-date=16 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116120503/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-online-battle-over-aarey-car-shed-gets-ugly-6004563/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Scroll.in-2020" /><ref>{{cite web|access-date=2020-09-08|title=Announcement of Film on Muslim Freedom Fighter from Kerala Leads to Hate Campaign|url=https://thewire.in/film/announcement-of-film-on-muslim-freedom-fighter-from-kerala-leads-to-hate-campaign|website=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]|date=23 June 2020|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803204744/https://thewire.in/film/announcement-of-film-on-muslim-freedom-fighter-from-kerala-leads-to-hate-campaign|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Newslaundry-2020" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Chopra|first=Rohit|title=The Virtual Hindu Rashtra: Saffron Nationalism and New Media|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|year=2019|isbn=9789353029579|location=Noida}}</ref>}} According to [[University of Maryland]] researchers, OpIndia has [[Online shaming|shamed]] journalists it deems to be in opposition to the BJP and have alleged [[media bias]] against Hindus and the BJP.{{r|Bhat-2020}}

In 2019, the [[International Fact Checking Network|International Fact-Checking Network]] (IFCN) rejected OpIndia's application to be certified as a [[fact checker]].<ref name="Kaur-2019" /> IFCN-certified fact checkers identified 25 fake news stories and 14 misreported stories published by OpIndia from January 2018 to June 2020.<ref name="Tiwari-2020" /> A study of 54,850 OpIndia articles published between 2014 and 2023 found that OpIndia consistently characterised Hindus in positive terms and Muslims in negative terms to further the website's [[Hindu nationalist]] ideals.<ref name="Jaisal-2024">{{cite journal |last1=Jaisal |first1=E. K. |last2=Majumder |first2=Shinjinee |title=Delving deeper into OpIndia.com's representation of Hindus and Muslims |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09579265241287560 |url-access=subscription |journal=[[Discourse & Society]] |publisher=[[Sage Publishing|Sage]] |access-date=27 December 2024 |language=en |doi=10.1177/09579265241287560 |date=13 October 2024 |quote=To conclude, OpIndia's portrayal of Hindus and Muslims perpetuates a perniciously polarising discourse that demonises Muslims and is potent to deepen the wedges, disaffection, and hostilities and even trigger violence among the communities.}}</ref> OpIndia published a series of reports in 2020 falsely claiming that a Hindu boy was [[Human sacrifice|sacrificed]] in a [[Bihar]] mosque.{{refn|<ref name="Alam-2020" /><ref name="Chandra-2020" /><ref name="Jha-2020" /><ref name="Kumar-2020b" />}}

The website is owned by Aadhyaasi Media and Content Services, a former subsidiary of the parent company of the right-wing magazine ''[[Swarajya (magazine)|Swarajya]]''.{{r|Bhat-2020|p=2}}<ref name="Chadha-2019" /> The current CEO of OpIndia is Rahul Roushan, and the current editors are Nupur J Sharma (English) and Chandan Kumar (Hindi).<ref name="About OpIndia Hindi">{{cite web |title=हमारे बारे में |trans-title=About Us |url=https://hindi.opindia.com/about/ |website=ऑपइंडिया |trans-website=OpIndia |language=hi |access-date=14 April 2021 |quote=ऑपइंडिया (हिन्दी) के वर्तमान संपादक चंदन कुमार हैं |trans-quote=The current editor of OpIndia (Hindi) is Chandan Kumar |archive-date=18 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418011013/https://hindi.opindia.com/about/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:OpIndia ownership graph.svg|thumb|left|alt=Diagram showing the ownership and leadership of OpIndia's parent company, Aadhyaasi Media and Content Services, as of June 2020|Ownership and leadership of OpIndia's parent company, Aadhyaasi Media and Content Services, as of June 2020<ref name="Tiwari-2020" />]]
OpIndia was founded in December 2014<ref name="Chadha-2019">{{cite book|first1=Kalyani|last1=Chadha|first2=Prashanth|last2=Bhat|editor-first=Shakuntala|editor-last=Rao|title=Indian Journalism in a New Era: Changes, Challenges, and Perspectives|chapter=The media are biased: Exploring online right wing responses to mainstream news media in India|chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322277601|date=14 February 2019|isbn=978-0-19-949082-0|pages=115–140|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|via=[[ResearchGate]]|access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref> by Rahul Raj and Kumar Kamal as a current affairs and news website. OpIndia is owned by Aadhyaasi Media and Content Services, a [[private limited company]].<ref name="Tiwari-2020">{{cite web|first1=Ayush|last1=Tiwari|access-date=27 June 2020|title=OpIndia: Hate speech, vanishing advertisers, and an undisclosed BJP connection|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2020/06/23/opindia-hate-speech-vanishing-advertisers-and-an-undisclosed-bjp-connection|website=[[Newslaundry]]|date=23 June 2020|archive-date=17 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217205447/https://www.newslaundry.com/2020/06/23/opindia-hate-speech-vanishing-advertisers-and-an-undisclosed-bjp-connection|url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2016, Aadhyaasi Media was acquired by Kovai Media Private Limited, a [[Coimbatore]]-based company that also owns the [[right-wing]]{{r|Bhat-2020|p=2}}<ref name="Chadha-2019" /> magazine ''[[Swarajya (magazine)|Swarajya]].''<ref name="Matharu" /><ref name="Manish-2018a">{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/right-vs-wrong-arundhati-roy-mohandas-pai-funding-fake-news-busters-118040600594_1.html|title=Right vs Wrong: Arundhati Roy, Mohandas Pai funding fake news busters|last=Manish|first=Sai|date=7 April 2018|work=[[Business Standard]]|access-date=10 November 2019|archive-date=10 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110095504/https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/right-vs-wrong-arundhati-roy-mohandas-pai-funding-fake-news-busters-118040600594_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Kovai Media's most prominent investors were former [[Infosys]] executives T. V. Mohandas Pai (three percent ownership) and [[N. R. Narayana Murthy]] (two percent ownership). Kovai Media retained ownership of Aadhyaasi Media until July 2018.<ref name="Tiwari-2020" />

Raj left OpIndia over a disagreement with the site's editorial stance.<ref name="Matharu">{{cite web|access-date=19 March 2020|title=Tables Turn on Twitter's Hindutva Warriors, and It's the BJP Doing the Strong-Arming|first=Aleesha|last=Matharu|url=https://thewire.in/media/twitter-handles-bjp-free-speech-right-wing-media|website=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]|archive-date=16 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516165733/https://thewire.in/media/twitter-handles-bjp-free-speech-right-wing-media|url-status=live}}</ref> OpIndia and Aadhyaasi Media separated from Kovai Media in November 2018.<ref name="Tiwari-2020" /> Rahul Roushan was appointed the CEO of OpIndia,<ref>{{cite web|title=OpIndia CEO Rahul Roushan calls for mob violence, deletes tweet|url=https://www.altnews.in/opindia-ceo-rahul-roushan-calls-for-largescale-mindless-violence-deletes-tweet/|date=17 February 2019|access-date=18 March 2020|website=[[Alt News]]|archive-date=31 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531024550/https://www.altnews.in/opindia-ceo-rahul-roushan-calls-for-largescale-mindless-violence-deletes-tweet/|url-status=live}}</ref> and Nupur J. Sharma became the editor.<ref name="Manish-2018a" /> Roushan and Sharma each owned half of Aadhyaasi Media after the transition. In January 2019, Aadhyaasi Media was acquired by Kaut Concepts Management Pvt Ltd, which gained 98 percent ownership of Aadhyaasi Media and left Roushan and Sharma with one percent each. Kaut Concepts has a 26 percent stake in TFI Media Pvt Ltd, the operator of ''TFIpost''—a [[Hindu nationalist]] website also known as ''The Frustrated Indian'', and is directed by Ashok Kumar Gupta, who is associated with the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] and campaigns for the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP). Aadhyaasi Media's directors are Sharma, Gupta, and Roushan's wife, Shaili Raval.<ref name="Tiwari-2020" />

In the 2018–2019 financial year, Aadhyaasi Media reported {{INRConvert|1|m}} in profit.<ref name="Tiwari-2020" /> Between March and June 2019, OpIndia purchased {{INRConvert|90|k}} of [[political advertising]] on [[Facebook]]. The BJP petitioned Facebook to allow OpIndia to receive [[advertising revenue]] on the social network in November 2019.<ref name="Newslaundry-2020">{{cite web|date=1 September 2020|access-date=2020-09-08|title=BJP asked Facebook to monetise OpIndia, remove Bhim Army page: Indian Express|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2020/09/01/bjp-asked-facebook-to-monetise-opindia-remove-bhim-army-page-indian-express|website=[[Newslaundry]]|archive-date=4 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200904121015/https://www.newslaundry.com/2020/09/01/bjp-asked-facebook-to-monetise-opindia-remove-bhim-army-page-indian-express|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=2020-09-08|title=Before 2019 polls, BJP flagged 44 'rival' pages, 14 now off Facebook|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/before-2019-polls-bjp-flagged-44-rival-pages-14-now-off-facebook-6578139/|date=1 September 2020|website=[[The Indian Express]]|first=Karishma|last=Mehrotra|archive-date=5 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200905114723/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/before-2019-polls-bjp-flagged-44-rival-pages-14-now-off-facebook-6578139/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=2020-09-08|title=On BJP's Request, Facebook Pulled Down 14 of 44 Flagged Pages, Reinstated 17 Deleted Pages|url=https://thewire.in/tech/bjp-facebook-india-deleted-pages-amit-malviya|website=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]|date=1 September 2020|archive-date=13 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913050652/https://thewire.in/tech/bjp-facebook-india-deleted-pages-amit-malviya|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2020, the [[West Bengal Police]] filed [[first information report]]s (FIRs) against Sharma, Roushan and Ajeet Bharti (then editor of OpIndia Hindi) in response to content published on OpIndia. The [[Supreme Court of India]] [[Stay of proceedings|stayed]] the FIRs in June 2020 after hearing a [[plea]] from the defendants which argued that the matter was outside the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[government of West Bengal]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2020-09-07|title=Supreme Court stays FIRs against OpIndia editors, gives anchor protection from arrest|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/supreme-court-stays-firs-against-opindia-editors-gives-anchor-protection-from-arrest-6478264/|date=27 June 2020|publisher=Express News Service|via=[[The Indian Express]]|archive-date=24 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824184842/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/supreme-court-stays-firs-against-opindia-editors-gives-anchor-protection-from-arrest-6478264/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=2020-09-07|title=As FIRs Against Media Pile Up, Inconsistent SC Response Points to Judicial Incoherence|url=https://thewire.in/law/supreme-court-stay-fir-journalists|website=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]|date=28 June 2020|first=V.|last=Venkatesan|archive-date=24 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924133803/https://thewire.in/law/supreme-court-stay-fir-journalists|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2021, the Supreme Court quashed the FIRs after the West Bengal state government informed the court that they had decided to withdraw the FIRs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-10 |title=Supreme Court quashes FIRs lodged by West Bengal police against 'OpIndia' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/sc-quashes-fir-west-bengal-police-opindia-7665026/ |access-date=2022-03-22 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=22 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322201953/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/sc-quashes-fir-west-bengal-police-opindia-7665026/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2022, OpIndia was sent a legal notice by a woman at the [[Tikri, Uttar Pradesh|Tikri]] protest site for [[doxxing]] her and falsely claiming that she was raped at the site.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-14|title=OpIndia twists woman's allegation of eve-teasing at Tikri border as 'rape', woman issues legal notice|url=https://www.altnews.in/opindia-twists-womans-allegation-of-eve-teasing-at-tikri-border-as-rape-woman-issues-legal-notice/|access-date=2021-06-15|website=[[Alt News]]|language=en-GB|archive-date=16 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616043029/https://www.altnews.in/opindia-twists-womans-allegation-of-eve-teasing-at-tikri-border-as-rape-woman-issues-legal-notice/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Content ==
OpIndia denounces what it describes as "[[Liberalism|liberal]] media".<ref name="Chadha-2019" /> In an analysis of the 284 articles published by OpIndia in 2018, [[University of Maryland]] researchers Prashanth Bhat and Kalyani Chadha identified five recurring patterns in OpIndia's content:<ref name="Bhat-2020">{{cite journal |last1=Bhat |first1=Prashanth |last2=Chadha |first2=Kalyani |title=Anti-media populism: Expressions of media distrust by right-wing media in India |journal=Journal of International and Intercultural Communication |date=31 March 2020 |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=166–182 |doi=10.1080/17513057.2020.1739320 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |s2cid=216480199 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17513057.2020.1739320 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615173226/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17513057.2020.1739320 |archive-date=15 June 2020 |accessdate=21 February 2021 |via=[[Taylor & Francis]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="Kauntia-2020">{{cite web |last1=Kauntia |first1=Nishant |date=30 November 2020 |title=How Wikipedia earned the ire of the Hindu Right |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/media/wikipedia-earned-ire-hindu-right |url-access=subscription |access-date=9 December 2020 |website=[[The Caravan]] |archive-date=7 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207013821/https://caravanmagazine.in/media/wikipedia-earned-ire-hindu-right |url-status=live }}</ref>
# ''Portraying mistakes as [[fake news]]:'' OpIndia has provided coverage of "misquoted statements, incorrect headlines, or errors" in various [[mainstream media]] outlets, including [[NDTV]], [[The Times Group]] and [[BBC]], and claimed them to be "fake news". After the outlets published corrections, OpIndia continued to allege that the errors were intentional. According to Bhat and Chadha, the rhetoric employed by OpIndia is similar to the strategies used by European [[Right-wing populism|right-wing populist]] publications that aim to engender distrust in the mainstream media.{{r|Bhat-2020|p=5–6}}
# ''[[Online shaming|Shaming]] journalists:'' OpIndia has attacked the "professional [[integrity]]" of specific mainstream media journalists that the website believes to be opposed to the ruling BJP, including journalists from ''[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]'', ''[[The Indian Express]]'', [[NDTV]] and ''[[The Quint]]''. OpIndia has accused these journalists of [[sexual harassment]], [[plagiarism]], [[financial misconduct]], "malicious editing" and other forms of unethical behaviour. Some stories in this category were obtained by monitoring the journalists' [[social media]] accounts for "inconsistencies or contradictions". Bhat and Chadha compared OpIndia's method of attacking journalists to practices used by American right-wing publications.{{r|Bhat-2020|p=6–7}}
# ''Alleging partisanship:'' OpIndia has alleged the existence of a "news media conspiracy" in which mainstream media outlets are biased against the ruling BJP and India itself, and favourable toward the opposition [[Indian National Congress]] (INC), which the website considered part of the "[[The Establishment|establishment]]". OpIndia claimed that the media produced too little coverage of the INC's use of [[Cambridge Analytica]], while providing too much coverage of the BJP's handling of the [[Rafale deal controversy]]. English-language outlets are the primary targets of OpIndia's criticism.{{r|Bhat-2020|p=7–8}}
# ''Amplifying criticism:'' OpIndia has regularly featured stories in which celebrities and public officials criticised mainstream media outlets, and reports in which the outlets apologised to critics. In these stories, OpIndia accused journalists of various faults, including "insensitivity and irresponsibility", disinformation, publishing sensitive information and compromising "national security". In one story, OpIndia covered the [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]]'s criticism of journalist [[Nidhi Razdan]], then played down the Minister's correction after the situation was revealed to be a "misunderstanding".{{r|Bhat-2020|p=8–9}}
# ''Alleging bias against India and Hindus:'' OpIndia has accused Indian publications of having a [[Liberalism in India|liberal]] [[media bias]] and of publishing stories that are "anti-India", particularly regarding [[India–Pakistan relations]]. The website published allegations that mainstream media outlets were "anti-Hindu", including in rebukes of [[Times Now]] and [[CNN-News18]] for covering [[weight loss]] tips and [[fireworks]] bans around [[Diwali]]. Bhat and Chadha wrote that OpIndia's portrayal of the mainstream media as "pro-minority and anti-majority" is in line with the narratives communicated through Norwegian and German right-wing websites, and that the Diwali accusations resemble the "[[Christmas controversies#United States|War on Christmas]]" allegations published by American right-wing outlets.{{r|Bhat-2020|p=9–11}}

Raj, in 2014, intended for OpIndia to combat [[media manipulation]] and distinguish "what is being reported" from "what the facts are".<ref name="Tiwari-2020" /> In 2018, Sharma stated that OpIndia is openly right-leaning and does not claim to be ideologically neutral.<ref name="Manish-2018b">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/special/busting-fake-news-who-funds-whom/20180408.htm|title=Busting fake news: Who funds whom?|first=Sai|last=Manish|date=8 April 2018|website=[[Business Standard]]|language=en|access-date=3 March 2020|via=[[Rediff.com]]|archive-date=20 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520174000/https://www.rediff.com/news/special/busting-fake-news-who-funds-whom/20180408.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Sharma described OpIndia's dislike of [[left-liberal]] ideas as one of the website's "[[ontological]] positions on the basis of which we operate" in 2019.<ref name="Ananth-2019" /> As of June 2020, OpIndia declares on its website that it aims to produce content "that is free from the burden of liberal bias and [[political correctness]]".<ref name="Tiwari-2020" /> The site accepts article contributions from its readers.<ref name="Chadha-2019" />

[[Fact checkers]] certified by the [[Poynter Institute]]'s International Fact-Checking Network (IFCN), including [[Alt News]] and Boom, have identified multiple instances in which OpIndia has published fake news.<ref name="Fake news" /> According to a ''[[Newslaundry]]'' data compilation, OpIndia published 25 fake news stories and 14 misreported stories between January 2018 and June 2020 that were fact-checked by other organisations. False reports on OpIndia frequently criticise Muslims.<ref name="Tiwari-2020" /> ''Newslaundry'' found 28 articles on OpIndia released from 15 to 29 November 2019 with headlines that explicitly named Muslims as perpetrators of various crimes. A writer who left OpIndia due to this trend told ''Newslaundry'', "If the accused in an incident belongs to the Muslim community, then you have to mention his name in the heading. The news is to be published in such a way that if the reader is a Hindu, then he starts developing hatred for Muslims."<ref name="Kumar-2020a">{{cite news|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2020/01/03/fake-news-lies-muslim-bashing-and-ravish-kumar-inside-opindias-harrowing-world|title=Fake news, lies, Muslim bashing, and Ravish Kumar: Inside OpIndia's harrowing world|last=Kumar|first=Basant|date=3 January 2020|work=[[Newslaundry]]|access-date=3 January 2020|language=en-UK|archive-date=31 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131220528/https://www.newslaundry.com/2020/01/03/fake-news-lies-muslim-bashing-and-ravish-kumar-inside-opindias-harrowing-world|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2020, Bharti blamed the severity of the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]] on Muslim "[[martyrdom]]" in an OpIndia video that was disseminated among [[Hindutva]]-oriented [[WhatsApp]] groups.<ref name="Nizaruddin-2021" /> According to Alt News, OpIndia propagated 18 instances of misinformation in 2022.<ref>{{cite web | title=Among media outlets, Times Group, Zee shared most misinformation in 2022: Alt News | website=Newslaundry | date=2023-01-04 | url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2023/01/04/among-media-outlets-times-group-zee-shared-most-misinformation-in-2022-alt-news | access-date=2024-10-29}}</ref>

In June 2020, ''Newslaundry'' compared OpIndia to the [[American far-right]] website ''[[Breitbart News]]'', stating, "It's fair to say even ''Breitbart'' wouldn't publish the sort of stuff that you'd routinely see on ''OpIndia''."<ref name="Tiwari-2020" /> An August 2021 [[Association of Computing Machinery]] conference paper that examined website articles and [[Twitter]] posts related to the COVID-19 pandemic in India showed that "~ 66% of the 50 most frequently occurring articles from OpIndia portrayed Islamophobic behaviour", that OpIndia's COVID-19 coverage focused on Muslims and the [[Tablighi Jamaat]], and that OpIndia prominently published tweets that the [[Jigsaw (company)#Perspective|Perspective]] evaluator identified as "rude, disrespectful, or unreasonable content". The paper concluded that "The widespread presence of media sources like OpIndia in our dataset, that frequently publish anti-Muslim content, shows that people used external sources to further Islamophobic views."<ref name="Chandra-2021">{{cite conference |last1=Chandra |first1=Mohit |last2=Reddy |first2=Manvith |last3=Sehgal |first3=Shradha |last4=Gupta |first4=Saurabh |last5=Buduru |first5=Arun Balaji |last6=Kumaraguru |first6=Ponnurangam |title="A Virus Has No Religion": Analyzing Islamophobia on Twitter During the COVID-19 Outbreak |book-title=HT '21: Proceedings of the 32nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media |date=25 August 2021 |pages=67–77 |doi=10.1145/3465336.3475111 |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3465336.3475111 |url-access=subscription |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |isbn=978-1-4503-8551-0 |arxiv=2107.05104 |access-date=1 January 2025 |quote=Surprisingly, we observed a large number of URLs from a few websites that have been known to disseminate anti-Muslim news (OpIndia, Jihadwatch, and Swarajyamag). The frequency for URLs from OpIndia is maximum and double that of Aljazeera, which shows the scale of probable Islamophobic content shared through the URLs on Twitter.}}</ref>

''[[Discourse & Society]]'' released an analysis of 54,850 OpIndia articles published from December 2014 to May 2023, determining that OpIndia's content conformed to a Hindu nationalist discourse that designated Hindus as the [[in-group]] and Muslims as the out-group. For Hindus, OpIndia used [[Grammatical person|first-person]] pronouns (such as "we") and positive descriptions that depicted the in-group as "innately good, non-offending, hapless" people who are "surviving and enduring atrocious crimes and being on the verge of perishing". For Muslims, OpIndia used third-person pronouns (such as "they") and negative descriptions that characterised the out-group as "self-victimising, conspirators, radical elements, merciless, brutal, blood lusty, brainwashing, and demanding privileges". OpIndia promoted the [[love jihad conspiracy theory]] and terms including "mob", "[[Taliban]]" and "[[Al Qaeda]]" to present an exaggerated representation of Muslims as violent offenders, while using the term "community" for Hindus and minimising instances of violence conducted by Hindu nationalists.<ref name="Jaisal-2024" />

After the [[Wikipedia]] community declared OpIndia an unreliable source in March 2020, OpIndia began publishing news content on a regular basis portraying Wikipedia in a negative light; it has accused the [[English Wikipedia]] of having a left-wing and [[Socialism|socialist]] bias,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrison |first=Stephen |date=2022-06-16 |title=Inside Wikipedia's Historic, Fiercely Contested "Election" |url=https://slate.com/technology/2022/06/wikipedia-administrator-election-tamzin.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824123521/https://slate.com/technology/2022/06/wikipedia-administrator-election-tamzin.html |archive-date=24 August 2022 |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=Slate |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Kauntia-2020" /> and has [[Doxing|published the real names and employers]] of editors it accuses of being "[[Islamism|Islamists]]" or "leftists".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Dzieza |first=Josh |date=2025-09-04 |title=Wikipedia is under attack — and how it can survive |url=https://www.theverge.com/cs/features/717322/wikipedia-attacks-neutrality-history-jimmy-wales |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=[[The Verge]] |language=en-US |quote=The far-right online publication OpIndia regularly accuses Wikipedia of "anti-Hindu and anti-India bias," in ways that parallel attacks from the US right, down to citations of [[Manhattan Institute]] research and quotes from the disgruntled cofounder, [[Larry Sanger|Sanger]].}}</ref> ''[[The Verge]]'' noted in 2025 that OpIndia attacks Wikipedia "in ways that parallel attacks from the [[Conservatism in the United States|US right]], down to citations of [[Manhattan Institute for Policy Research|Manhattan Institute]] research and quotes from the disgruntled cofounder, [[Larry Sanger|Sanger]]."<ref name=":0" />

=== Bihar human sacrifice claims ===

[[File:OpIndia Gopalganj article.png|thumb|alt=Screenshot of OpIndia's 10 May article, "Hindu family leaves Gopalganj district in Bihar due to fear, claims their minor son was sacrificed to make a local Mosque 'powerful'"|OpIndia's 10 May article containing the [[human sacrifice]] claims.<ref name="Alam-2020" /> The [[headline]] was later revised.<ref name="Chandra-2020" />]]
Between 9–14 May 2020, OpIndia published a series of seven articles (one in English and six in Hindi)<ref name="Alam-2020">{{cite web|access-date=20 May 2020|title=Bihar: Case Against Rightwing Sites For Fake Claims of Communal Angle in Minor's Murder|url=https://thewire.in/communalism/bihar-opindia-khabartak-minor-murder-muslims|website=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]|date=15 May 2020|first=Mahtab|last=Alam|archive-date=1 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501012533/https://thewire.in/communalism/bihar-opindia-khabartak-minor-murder-muslims|url-status=live}}</ref> falsely claiming that Rohit Jaiswal, a Hindu boy, was [[Human sacrifice|sacrificed]] in a [[mosque]] in Bela Dih – a village in [[Kateya (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kateya]], [[Gopalganj, Bihar|Gopalganj]], [[Bihar]] – after which his [[Disposal of human corpses#Criminal disposal|body was disposed of]] in a river on 28 March.<ref name="Chandra-2020">{{cite web|access-date=20 May 2020|title=Hindu 'Sacrificed' in Bihar Mosque? Family Says Nobody Witnessed|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/bihar-gopalganj-case-minor-hindu-boy-sacrificed-in-mosque-family-says-nobody-witnessed|date=18 May 2020|website=[[The Quint]]|first=Divya|last=Chandra|archive-date=25 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525234037/https://www.thequint.com/news/india/bihar-gopalganj-case-minor-hindu-boy-sacrificed-in-mosque-family-says-nobody-witnessed|url-status=live}}</ref> In the articles, OpIndia alleged that the suspected perpetrators were "all Muslims".<ref name="Chandra-2020" /> One of the articles asserted, "A new mosque had been built in the village and it is being alleged that there was a belief that if a Hindu was 'sacrificed', the mosque would become powerful and its influence would increase."<ref name="Chandra-2020" /><ref name="Jha-2020">{{cite web|access-date=20 May 2020|title=Gopalganj case: Boy drowns in river, OpIndia claims he was sacrificed in a mosque|url=http://www.altnews.in/gopalganj-boy-drowned-in-river-opindia-falsely-claimed-that-minor-hindu-boy-sacrificed-by-mosque/|date=17 May 2020|website=[[Alt News]]|first1=Priyanka|last1=Jha|first2=Pratik|last2=Sinha|archive-date=17 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517143624/https://www.altnews.in/gopalganj-boy-drowned-in-river-opindia-falsely-claimed-that-minor-hindu-boy-sacrificed-by-mosque/|url-status=live}}</ref> The stories were accompanied with videos of Jaiswal's sister and father, in which neither of them mentioned a sacrifice or mosque.<ref name="Jha-2020" />

Jaiswal's [[postmortem]] report indicated that his cause of death was "[[asphyxia]] due to [[drowning]]".<ref name="Jha-2020" /><ref name="Kumar-2020b">{{cite web|first1=Basant|last1=Kumar|access-date=20 May 2020|title='Human sacrifice in mosque': How OpIndia communalised a Bihar boy's death|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2020/05/19/human-sacrifice-in-mosque-how-opindia-communalised-a-bihar-boys-death|website=[[Newslaundry]]|date=19 May 2020|archive-date=28 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528025541/https://www.newslaundry.com/2020/05/19/human-sacrifice-in-mosque-how-opindia-communalised-a-bihar-boys-death|url-status=live}}</ref> Local residents in the village, including Jaiswal's mother, declined to corroborate the human sacrifice claims,<ref name="Chandra-2020" /><ref name="Jha-2020" /> and a local journalist said that the village did not have a new mosque.<ref name="Chandra-2020" /> The [[first information report]] (FIR) filed by the father on 29 March listed six suspects (five Muslim boys and one Hindu boy)<ref name="Alam-2020" /> and did not reference a sacrifice or mosque.<ref name="Jha-2020" /><ref name="Kumar-2020b" /> OpIndia later released an audio recording of its interview with Jaiswal's father, in which he claimed that Jaiswal was murdered in a mosque. In a follow-up interview with ''Newslaundry'', the father retracted the claim and said that he made the accusations in "sheer frustration" of the attention around Jaiswal's death. After ''Newslaundry'' interviewed Bharti—then editor of OpIndia Hindi, OpIndia deleted the word "all" from the phrase "all Muslims" in its description of the suspected perpetrators.<ref name="Kumar-2020b" />

Vijay Kumar Verma, a [[Deputy inspector general of police|Deputy Inspector General]] of [[Bihar Police]], disclosed on 14 May that he had filed an FIR against OpIndia under Section 67 ([[obscenity]]) of the [[Information Technology Act, 2000]] and [[Section 295(A)]] (inciting religious outrage) of the [[Indian Penal Code]] for its reporting of the false human sacrifice claims.<ref name="The Free Press Journal-2020">{{cite web|access-date=17 June 2020|title=Why Bihar Police filed an FIR against OpIndia and other right-wing website over minor's death|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/why-bihar-police-filed-an-fir-against-opindia-and-other-right-wing-website-against-minors-death|website=[[The Free Press Journal]]|date=17 May 2020|archive-date=18 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618031914/https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/why-bihar-police-filed-an-fir-against-opindia-and-other-right-wing-website-against-minors-death|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Alam-2020" /><ref name="Chandra-2020" /> The FIR stated that OpIndia published the claims "without knowing or understanding the case".<ref name="Jha-2020" /> On 17 May, the [[Director general of police|Director General]] of Bihar Police, [[Gupteshwar Pandey]], examined the drowning incident and found no evidence supporting the human sacrifice claims or the suspicion of [[Communalism (South Asia)|communal motives]] behind the death.<ref name="Chandra-2020" /><ref name="Jha-2020" /><ref name="Kumar-2020b" />

=== Plagiarism ===
OpIndia has also been engaged in [[plagiarism]] and [[Copyright infringement|copyright violation]] in their articles without attributing to the original publishers. It was later discovered by Alt News when OpIndia published an article covering [[2020 Pulitzer Prize]] nomination about three Kashmiri journalists who were awarded for their photographs<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jawed|first=Sam|date=2020-05-09|title=OpIndia's article on 'yellow journalism' is a work of plagiarism|url=http://www.altnews.in/opindias-article-on-yellow-journalism-is-a-work-of-plagiarism/|access-date=2020-09-26|website=Alt News|language=en-GB|archive-date=21 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021103931/https://www.altnews.in/opindias-article-on-yellow-journalism-is-a-work-of-plagiarism/|url-status=live}}</ref> taken during the [[2019–2020 Jammu and Kashmir lockdown|state-wide lockdown imposed in 2019]] by the ruling party, the BJP, after the [[Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir|revocation of article 370]] involving the [[Kashmir conflict]].<ref>{{cite web | title=AP's Kashmir photographers win Pulitzer for lockdown coverage – India | website=Al Jazeera | date=2020-05-04 | url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/5/4/aps-kashmir-photographers-win-pulitzer-for-lockdown-coverage | access-date=2020-09-26 | archive-date=5 March 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305111936/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/5/4/aps-kashmir-photographers-win-pulitzer-for-lockdown-coverage | url-status=live }}</ref>

== Reception ==
In March 2019, the IFCN rejected OpIndia's application to be certified as a fact checker.<ref name="Ananth-2019">{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/can-fact-checking-emerge-as-big-and-viable-business/articleshow/69210719.cms|title=Can fact-checking emerge as big and viable business?|last=Ananth|first=Venkat|date=7 May 2019|work=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=10 November 2019|archive-date=8 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808111231/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/can-fact-checking-emerge-as-big-and-viable-business/articleshow/69210719.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> While noting partial compliance on a number of categories, the IFCN rejected the application on grounds of political partisanship and lack of transparency and raised concerns over questionable [[fact-checking]] methodologies.<ref name="Kaur-2019">{{Cite web|url=https://ifcncodeofprinciples.poynter.org/application/public/opindiacom/EED18C9F-C8B2-258A-BB43-7E90FA57C26C|title=OpIndia.com: Conclusions and recommendations|last=Kaur|first=Kanchan|date=11 February 2019|website=[[International Fact-Checking Network]]|url-status=unfit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190310013235/https://ifcncodeofprinciples.poynter.org/application/public/opindiacom/EED18C9F-C8B2-258A-BB43-7E90FA57C26C|archive-date=10 March 2019|access-date=12 December 2019}}</ref> The rejection disqualified OpIndia from fact-checking contracts with web properties owned by [[Facebook]] and [[Google]]. In response, Sharma criticised the IFCN assessment and urged for acceptance of outlets with "declared ideological leanings".<ref name="Ananth-2019" />

After co-founder Raj departed OpIndia, he described the website as a "blind mouthpiece" of the BJP on [[Twitter]] in August 2019.<ref name="Tiwari-2020" /> Raj criticised Sharma, alleging that she and others "started as [[Trolling|trolls]]" and "abuse and [[Victim playing|play victim card]] when questioned".<ref name="Matharu" /> OpIndia was [[Wikipedia:SPB|blacklisted]] from Wikipedia in March 2020 (alongside ''Swarajya'' and ''TFIpost'') after Sharma, in an OpIndia piece, [[Doxing|published personally identifying information]] about a Wikipedia editor who helped write the encyclopedia's article on the [[2020 Delhi riots]], which resulted in the editor leaving Wikipedia. OpIndia was characterized as "an Indian version of ''[[The Gateway Pundit]]'' that pretends to be ''[[The Onion]]'' when others catch them publishing false and misleading information."<ref name="Kauntia-2020" />

[[Stop Funding Hate]], a British [[social media]] campaign, urged organisations to withdraw their advertising from OpIndia in May 2020 after the website published an article asserting that businesses should be able to declare that they do not hire Muslims. The head of the campaign, Richard Wilson, said that "OpIndia is becoming internationally notorious for its hateful and discriminatory coverage" and that the campaign has "rarely seen such overt advocacy of discrimination on religious grounds". Over 20 organisations,<ref name="Tiwari-2020" /> including advertising network [[Rubicon Project]], video streaming service [[Mubi (streaming service)|Mubi]], personal care brand [[Harry's]] and the [[Saïd Business School]], ceased advertising on OpIndia as a result of the campaign. Sharma responded that she would "stand by our article and our content 100%" and that OpIndia would "never alter its core belief system or content".<ref name="Scroll.in-2020">{{cite web|access-date=4 June 2020|title=MUBI, other brands drop advertisements from OpIndia following 'Stop Funding Hate' campaign|url=https://scroll.in/latest/963320/mubi-other-brands-drop-advertisements-from-opindia-following-stop-funding-hate-campaign|website=[[Scroll.in]]|date=30 May 2020|archive-date=4 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604190002/https://scroll.in/latest/963320/mubi-other-brands-drop-advertisements-from-opindia-following-stop-funding-hate-campaign|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=4 June 2020|title=OpIndia Loses Ads After UK-Based 'Stop Funding Hate' Campaign|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/opindia-loses-ads-after-uk-based-stop-funding-hate-campaign|date=29 May 2020|website=[[The Quint]]|first=Kritika|last=Goel|archive-date=4 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604201602/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/opindia-loses-ads-after-uk-based-stop-funding-hate-campaign|url-status=live}}</ref> Roushan stated that advertisements constitute a minority of OpIndia's revenue and claimed that OpIndia received a "700% jump" in donations during the campaign.<ref name="Tiwari-2020" />

== See also ==
* [[Fake news in India]]
* [[List of fake news websites]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Disinformation}}

[[Category:Indian news websites]]
[[Category:Watchdog journalism]]
[[Category:Fake news websites]]
[[Category:Far-right politics in India]]
[[Category:Islamophobic publications]]
[[Category:Hindutva]]
[[Category:News media manipulation]]
[[Category:Islamophobia in India]]
[[Category:Fake news in India]]

Kakinada Rural Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:28:12Z

DessiePelloe5: Created New Data Nd Citations.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kakinada Rural
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh (38-Kakinada Rural highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Kakinada Rural Assembly constituency within Andhra Pradesh
| mla = [[Pantham Venkateswara Rao]]
| party = {{Party index link|Janasena Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| district = [[Kakinada district|Kakinada]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Kakinada Lok Sabha constituency|Kakinada]]
| reservation = None
| electors = 249,011
| established = 2008
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 38
}}

'''Kakinada Rural Assembly constituency''' is a constituency in [[Kakinada district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] that elects representatives to the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> It is one of the seven assembly segments of [[Kakinada Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="constituencies">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|date=17 December 2018|website=The Election Commission of India|pages=18, 30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003220916/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|archive-date=3 October 2018|url-status=dead|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>

[[Pantham Venkateswara Rao]] is the current [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the constituency, having won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from YSRCP party.<ref>{{cite web |title=Assembly Election 2019 |url=http://results.eci.gov.in/ac/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS011.htm |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524074223/http://results.eci.gov.in/ac/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS011.htm |archive-date=24 May 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> As of 2019, there are a total of 249,011 electors in the constituency.<ref name="electors">{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>{{update after|2024|8}} The constituency was established in 2008, as per the ''Delimitation Orders (2008)''.

== Mandals ==
The three mandals that form the assembly constituency.<ref name="constituencies" />{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandals
|-
| [[Kakinada (urban) mandal]] (Part) [[Kakinada Municipal Corporation|Kakinada(M)]] Ward No. 66 to 70
|-
| [[Kakinada Rural]]
|-
| [[Karapa mandal|Karapa]]
|}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| [[Kurasala Kannababu]]
| {{Full party name with color|Praja Rajyam Party}}
|-
| [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| [[Pilli Anantha Lakshmi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| Kurasala Kannababu
| {{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024 ]]
| [[Pantham Venkateswara Rao]]
| {{Full party name with color|Jana Sena Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2009 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kakinada Rural}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Praja Rajyam Party
|candidate = [[Kurasala Kannababu]]
|votes = 53,494
|percentage = 38.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Venkateswar Rao Nulukurthi
|votes = 45,457
|percentage = 32.50
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = Satyanarayana Murthy Pilli
|votes = 28,691
|percentage = 20.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 8,037
|percentage = 5.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win
|winner = Praja Rajyam Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kakinada Rural}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Pilli Anantha Lakshmi]]
|votes = 61,144
|percentage = 36.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=Srinivasa Venu Gopala Krishna Chelluboyina|votes=52,096|percentage=31.51|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Kurasala Kannababu|votes=43,456|percentage=26.46|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=9,048|percentage=5.47|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=184,487|percentage=74.08|change=-0.5}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Praja Rajyam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kakinada Rural}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = [[Kurasala Kannababu]]
|votes = 74,068
|percentage = 40.14%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Pilli Anantha Lakshmi]]|votes=65,279|percentage=35.38%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Janasena Party|candidate=Pantam Venkateswara Rao (Nanaji)|votes=40,001|percentage=22.09%|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=8,789|percentage=4.76%|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=165,338|percentage=74.59|change=-0.75}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = YSR Congress Party
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kakinada Rural}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Janasena Party
|candidate = [[Pantham Venkateswara Rao | Pantham Venkateswara Rao (Nanaji)]]
|votes = 1,34,414
|percentage = 65.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=[[Kurasala Kannababu]]|votes=62,374|percentage=30.21|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Pilli Satya Lakshmi|votes=2205|percentage=1.07|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=74,086|percentage=35.88|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=2,06,439|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Janasena Party
|loser = YSR Congress Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Coord|16.90|82.17|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Kakinada district]]
[[Category:Politics of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Kakinada]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Kamakhya Narayan Singh

2026-04-19T15:09:41Z

DessiePelloe5: Created Initial Bio Initial Version.

{{short description|Indian Adult film director}}
{{Cleanup|reason=Sources exist but not included, lead is too short. Requires expansion and general cleanup.|date=August 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name =
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|9|9|df=y}}
| birth_place = Guwahati, India
| spouse = Priyanka
| children = 1
| parents =
| awards =
| occupation = {{hlist|Director|producer|screenwriter}}
}}

'''Kamakhya Narayan Singh''' is an Indian film director and writer who works in [[Hindi]] cinema.<ref name="ethnicity">{{cite news
|title=Bhor director Kamakhya Narayan Singh shares how Akshay Kumar and Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra influenced him
|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/bhor-director-kamakhya-narayan-singh-shares-how-akshay-kumar-and-rakeysh-omprakash-mehra-influenced-him-2342570.html
|last=RAMSAY
|first=AMIT
|work=[[Zee news]]
|date=18 February 2018
|quote=
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|title=Bhor Film Kamakhya Narayan Singh
|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/bhor-film-kamakhya-narayan-singh
|work=[[The Quint]]
|date=21 February 2021
}}</ref> He is best known for his film ''[[Bhor (film)|Bhor]]'' (2021), released on ''[[MX Player]]'', which was premiered in 28 film festivals, mostly in India. He is known for his documentary ''#Article 35A'' (2017). He received accolades for his documentary ''Justice Delayed but Delivered'' (2020), for which he won the [[National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues|Best Film on Other Social Issues]].<ref>{{cite news
|title=Kamakhya Narayan Singh on winning National Film Awards for Justice Delayed but Delivered, Article 370 and 35A
|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kamakhya-narayan-singh-on-winning-national-film-awards-for-justice-delayed-but-delivered-article-370-and-35a-10997191.html#:~:text=Director%20Kamakhya%20Narayan%20Singh%20says,the%2068th%20National%20Film%20Awards.
|last=Nivedita
|first=
|work=[[Firstpost]]
|date=2 August 2022
}}</ref> He is also known for his works like ''Quest'', a TV series documentary and ''Music Ka Tadka'', a music reality television Show.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-23 |title=Kamakhya Narayan Singh defends The Kerala Story 2: ‘If we’ve shown anything wrong, I’ll quit filmmaking’ |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kamakhya-narayan-singh-defends-the-kerala-story-2-if-weve-shown-anything-wrong-ill-quit-filmmaking-10547310/ |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==

===Film===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Director
! Producer
! Writer
! Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017
!scope=row | ''#Article35A''
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| rowspan="4" |Documentary; Short film
|-
!scope=row | ''Off The Grid''
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |2020
!scope=row | ''Ten Days South Africa''
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
|-
!scope=row | ''Justice Delayed but Delivered''
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
| 2021
!scope=row | [[Bhor (2021 film)|''Bhor'']]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| rowspan="2" |Feature film
|-
|2026
!scope="row"|''[[The Kerala Story 2 Goes Beyond]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Nominated work
! Result
! Ref(s)
|-
| 2020
| [[National Film Awards]]
| [[National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues|Best Film on Other Social Issues]]
|style="text-align:center;"| Justice Delayed but Delivered
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite news
|title=Kamakhya Narayan Singh on winning National Film Awards for Justice Delayed but Delivered, Article 370 and 35A
|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kamakhya-narayan-singh-on-winning-national-film-awards-for-justice-delayed-but-delivered-article-370-and-35a-10997191.html#:~:text=Director%20Kamakhya%20Narayan%20Singh%20says,the%2068th%20National%20Film%20Awards.
|last=Nivedita
|first=
|work=[[Firstpost]]
|date=2 August 2022
}}</ref>
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mehta, Hansal}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]
[[Category:Directors who won the Best Film on Other Social Issues National Film Award]]
[[Category:Indian television directors]]
[[Category:Film directors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Film producers from Mumbai]]

[[Category:21st-century Indian screenwriters]]
[[Category:Gujarati people]]
[[Category:1984 births]]

Padamati Sandhya Ragam

2026-04-11T21:44:03Z

DessiePelloe5: starting first data with sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Padamati Sandhya Ragam.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Jandhyala]]
| producer = Gummaluri Sastry Meer Abdulla
| writer = Jandhyala
| starring = [[Vijayashanti]] [[Thomas Jane]] [[Sivamani (percussionist)|Sivamani]]
| music = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| cinematography = P. Diwakar
| editing = [[Gautam Raju]]
| studio = Pravasandhra Chitra
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|1987|04|11|df=y}}
| runtime = 142 minutes
| country = India United States
| language = Telugu
| budget = ₹25 [[lakh]]<ref name="TC"/> (US$200,000)<ref name="WP"/>
| gross =
}}
'''''Padamati Sandhya Ragam'''''{{efn|Also romanised as '''''Padamati Sandhyaa Raagam''''' or '''''Padamati Sandhyaragam'''''.}} ({{langx|te-Latn|Paḍamaṭi Sandhyārāgaṁ}}; {{translation|Evening [[raga]] of the [[Western world|West]]}}){{efn|Certain words of the title are ambiguous; ''Sandhya'' can refer to either the film's character or twilight, while ''ragam'' can either mean colourful or the [[Raga|musical concept]]. More specifically, the title is also a phrase that literally means "the colour of the setting sun in the west" that is used poetically to refer to the [[Golden hour (photography)|golden hour]] before dusk. However, ''Evening Raga of the West'' is the most commonly used translation.}} is a 1987 [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[drama film]] written and directed by [[Jandhyala]]. The film features [[Vijayashanti]] as Sandhya, a young Indian woman, and [[Thomas Jane]] in his film debut as Chris, a [[White Americans|White American]] man, who fall in love after Sandhya's family immigrates to the [[United States]].

The film was produced by [[Indian Americans]] [[:te:గుమ్మలూరి శాస్త్రి|Gummaluri Sastry]] and [[:te:మీర్ అబ్దుల్లా|Meer Abdulla]], who initiated the project after meeting Jandhyala and musician [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]. ''Padamati Sandhya Ragam'' was conceived as an American-Indian [[co-production (media)|co-production]], featuring a cast and crew from both countries. The music, composed by S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, includes lyrics by [[Sadasiva Brahmendra]], [[Annamacharya]], and [[Veturi]]. Despite its modest budget, the film was shot across various locations in the United States, with additional scenes filmed in India.

Upon release, ''Padamati Sandhya Ragam'' was well received by Indian audiences and won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Telugu|Filmfare Award for Best Telugu Film]], as well as the [[Nandi Award for Best Story Writer]] for Jandhyala. The film has gained retrospective recognition for its portrayal of the Indian diaspora.

== Plot ==
Sandhya arrives in India with her husband Chris to visit their family after her father's death. They are received coldly at the airport by his daughter Anitha, who escorts them to her father's home. As he had no sons, the family is afraid that Chris, a white American, won't be able to conduct the traditional [[Antyesti|last rites]] as the deceased's closest male relative, but he insists on taking the responsibility and cremates his father-in-law's body as the sun sets. After coming back that night, he tries to talk to Anitha but she scolds him instead, blaming him for disrupting her grandfather's peace. Sandhya intervenes by slapping her and reveals that Anitha is actually their daughter who was taken away by her grandfather when she was five years old. Sandhya then narrates what happened beforehand.

20 years earlier, Sandhya arrives with her family in the United States after her father finds a job there with the help of his younger brother Rama Rao who is already living in the US. Sandhya's father Adinarayana, a staunch traditionalist, is confused by American culture and sticks to his traditions despite Rama Rao's attempts to make him assimilate and everyone else's bemusement. They also meet Seshagiri Rao, an ice cream shop owner who is also Indian, and his son Ganapathi, a gourmand. One day, Ganapathi takes Sandhya to the supermarket but abandons her after hearing of a new ice cream shop, causing her to panic. After nearly getting run over by his car, Sandhya meets Chris. Because of the language barrier, he decides to take her to an Indian family he knows and they end up arriving at Seshagiri Rao's house, where they learn they are neighbours.

Later, she meets her other neighbour Ronald, a black drummer. They both get closer to her, to Adinarayana's disapproval. As they fall in love with Sandhya, they get Ganapathi to teach them Telugu, but humorously mangle the language on their first attempts. Both of them quickly improve and end up proposing to her on the same day. After thinking about it, she comes outside the next day with a white sari, signalling her acceptance of Chris to his celebration and Ronald's frustration.

Adinarayana tries to arrange her marriage with an Indian doctor named Ravi. Ravi is progressive, however, and encourages her to continue pursuing Chris. Later, Chris and Sandhya secretly meet up and he proposes they elope, to which Sandhya reluctantly agrees. Adinarayana learns about their love and tries to catch them with Ronald's help, so they run away on a motorcycle and then steal an [[Recreational vehicle|RV]] when that stops working. After losing them, the couple realise they have no money and manage to satiate their hunger with some milk found in the RV's fridge. Escaping a close call with the police the next morning, they luckily find other Indians who let them stay in their house. Adinarayana consents to their marriage, but the couple gets into an argument on whose customs to follow. After Ronald spots them and tells Rama Rao, he goes to them and ends up resolving the matter by suggesting holding two ceremonies – one at a church and another at a temple. Thus, Chris and Sandhya finally get married.

In the present, Sandhya gives a message on how all humans are equal, proceeded by Chris talking about his appreciation of Indian culture. They then offer Anitha the opportunity to go to America and live with them. As Chris and Sandhya leave for the airport the day after, Anitha wistfully sits in her room with the door closed. Right before they depart, she shows up, asks Chris to forgive her, and joins them on the flight.

== Cast ==
* [[Vijayashanti]] as Sandhya (dubbed by [[Saritha]])
* [[Thomas Jane|Tom Jane]] as Chris
** Benjiman York as Young Chris
* [[Sivamani (percussionist)|Sivamani]] as Ronald
* Gummaluri Sastry as Adinarayana (dubbed by [[Suthi Veerabhadra Rao]])
* Meer Abdulla as Rama Rao (dubbed by Jandhyala)
* Seshagiri Rao as Seshagiri Rao (dubbed by [[Potti Prasad]])
* Vijay as Ganapathi (dubbed by [[Subhalekha Sudhakar]])
* Ashajyothy as Sudha (dubbed by [[Dubbing Janaki]])
* Sudheshna Reddy as Rama Rao's wife
* [[Suthi Velu]] as Natanalayam Manager
* Sudha as Lakshmi
* Ravi Chitturi as Ravi
Additional cast: Johnson, Godman, Elizabeth, Bindu, Jyothy, Baby Rohini, Vijay Kothari, Bhushan Rao, Rama Sastry, Seetha Sastry, Mrunalini.<ref name="TC">{{Cite web |date=16 August 2006 |editor-last=NaChaKi |title=PSR – Retrospect |url=http://www.marosandhyaragam.com/psr_retrospect.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071215045355/http://www.marosandhyaragam.com/psr_retrospect.html |archive-date=15 December 2007 |website=Maro Sandhya Ragam }}</ref>

== Production ==

=== Development ===
{{Quote box
| quote = My acting coach, Ralph Tabakin, called me up and said, "There's these Indians in town, and they’re looking for a blond-haired, blue-eyed kid to be in their Indian Bollywood movie." And I said, "Ralph, I don't have blue eyes. I can't go." Ralph said, "Well, you got blue eyes now. You go down there and get the part. And I get 10 percent, ’cause I’m acting as your agent in this regard." And I did, and I did. And he did. [Laughs.]
| author = Thomas Jane in 2011, reminiscing about his casting in the film<ref name="AV">{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Will |date=30 September 2011 |title=Thomas Jane |url=https://www.avclub.com/thomas-jane-1798227650 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127062836/https://film.avclub.com/thomas-jane-1798227650 |archive-date=27 November 2020 |access-date=5 December 2020 |website=[[The A.V. Club]]}}</ref>
| width = 33%
| align = right
}}
Meer Abdulla came to the United States as an international student and aspired to be a filmmaker. He met Gummuluri Sastry, an engineer already living in the US and they started working together in [[theatre]] with Sastry directing the plays and Abdulla playing the lead role.<ref name="WP">{{Cite news |last=Khan |first=Aziza |date=21 September 1989 |title=Novice filmmakers send scenes of D.C. to India |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1989/09/21/novice-filmmakers-send-scenes-of-dc-to-india/e566f3ee-3bc4-4305-8eaa-9253761283d8/ |url-status=live |access-date=2 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302152530/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1989/09/21/novice-filmmakers-send-scenes-of-dc-to-india/e566f3ee-3bc4-4305-8eaa-9253761283d8/ |archive-date=2 March 2019 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref name="TC" /> As the leader of a Telugu association, Sastry had the opportunity to invite the crew of the Telugu films ''[[Sankarabharanam (1980 film)|Sankarabharanam]]'' (1980) and ''[[Ananda Bhairavi (film)|Ananda Bhairavi]]'' (1983) to tour US. This ended up giving Sastry and Abdulla the chance to meet Jandhyala and S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, leading to the idea of the film being conceived and developed.<ref>[https://veezari-inc.com/padamati-sandhya-ragam/ Jandhyala's hand written movie notes]</ref> After a variety of other names were suggested for the film, Balasubrahmanyam's suggestion ''Padamati Sandhya Ragam'' received approval from everyone and became the final title. Jandhyala gave {{USD|116}} to Balasubrahmanyam as a token of gratitude.<ref name="TC" />

=== Casting ===
[[File:STL Skyline 2007 edit cropped.jpg|thumb|right |The [[Gateway Arch]] where the song "Ee Toorupu Aa Paschimam" was shot]]
Balasubrahmanyam also proposed that Sivamani play Ronald. Finding an actor for Chris' role proved difficult. Instead of using an established actor, a long campaign involving multiple talent agents was initiated. However, the initial actor chosen dropped out under uncertain circumstances, with Abdulla claiming that he had left after getting a last-minute offer from Hollywood in 2006 but then stating that he did not know the reason in 2010.<ref name="TC" /><ref name="IE">{{Cite news |last=Fernandes |first=Sharon |date=19 January 2010 |title=From Telugu film debut to Globe list |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/from-telugu-film-debut-to-globe-list/569005/ |url-status=live |access-date=4 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131002330/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/from-telugu-film-debut-to-globe-list/569005 |archive-date=31 January 2020}}</ref> [[Thomas Jane]], 17 years old at the time, was an acting student in Maryland and was persuaded by his acting coach to take up the role. He was the final choice for the role and ''Padamati Sandhya Ragam'' was his film debut. Because the production ran out of money to pay him, he was given the [[Recreational vehicle|RV]] that was used to make the film.<ref name="AV" />

=== Filming ===
[[Principal photography|Principal Photography]] for the film commenced on 3 August 1986.<ref name="TC" /> The American portion was filmed first, with most of the scenes being shot in the residences and shops of Sastry's and Abdulla's friends and neighbours in the [[Washington metropolitan area]].<ref name="WP" /><ref>{{cite news|first1=Aziza|last1=Khan|accessdate=2020-12-02|title=NOVICE FILMMAKERS SEND SCENES OF D.C. TO INDIA|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1989/09/21/novice-filmmakers-send-scenes-of-dc-to-india/e566f3ee-3bc4-4305-8eaa-9253761283d8/|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=21 September 1989|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> The song "Muddugare Yasoda" was shot in [[Missouri Botanical Garden]], [[St. Louis]], [[Missouri]], and [[New Vrindaban]] temple, [[West Virginia]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.andhrafriends.com/topic/1021116-37-years-to-padamati-sandya-ragam/|title=37 years to Padamati Sandya Ragam|date=23 April 2024|website=Andhrafriends.com}}</ref> The song "Ee Toorupu Aa Paschimam" was shot at Gateway Arch, [[Sri Venkateswara Temple, Pittsburgh]] and Washington Memorial Park.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="TC" /> Filming lasted two months.<ref name="WP" />

== Reception and analysis ==
''[[The Washington Post]]'' stated the film "attracted rave reviews in India" in a 1989 article.<ref name="WP" /> In retrospect, it has been identified as one of a number of films made by Telugu Americans in the 1980s that explored life in the country.<ref name="Rani2018">{{Cite journal |last=Rani |first=D. Sudha |year=2018 |title=Image of America in Telugu Cinema: A Study of the Cultural Implications |url=https://rupkatha.com/V10/n1/v10n112.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities |volume=10 |issue=1 |doi=10.21659/rupkatha.v10n1.12 |issn=0975-2935 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200905111459/http://rupkatha.com/V10/n1/v10n112.pdf |archive-date=5 September 2020 |access-date=7 December 2020 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nathan |first=Archana |date=8 June 2017 |title=If the H-1B battle goes bad, Telugu movies like Baahubali may never make it in the US |url=https://qz.com/india/1001353/if-the-h-1b-battle-goes-bad-telugu-movies-like-baahubali-may-never-make-it-in-the-us/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026185114/https://qz.com/india/1001353/if-the-h-1b-battle-goes-bad-telugu-movies-like-baahubali-may-never-make-it-in-the-us/ |archive-date=26 October 2020 |access-date=7 December 2020 |website=[[Quartz India]]}}</ref> Jahnavi Reddy of ''[[The News Minute]]'' analysed ''Padamati Sandhya Ragam'' as being a precursor to later Indian films about international romance released after the country's liberalisation and wave of mass migration to the United States. She also stated that the casting of Sivamani, an Indian musician, as the black American character Ronald in the film was "problematic" and discussed how he was mostly played off as comic relief compared to Chris, pondering if he would have been accepted by Sandhya's family if she fell in love with him instead.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 September 2020 |title='America Abbayi, Andhra Ammayi': How NRI men find love in Telugu cinema |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/america-abbayi-andhra-ammayi-how-nri-men-find-love-telugu-cinema-134158 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018135448/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/america-abbayi-andhra-ammayi-how-nri-men-find-love-telugu-cinema-134158 |archive-date=18 October 2020 |access-date=2 December 2020 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] composed the music of the film. One song from the film, "Life is Shabby", gained renewed attention in the late 2010s due to its odd English lyrics and use of rap, which is significantly different from Balasubrahmanyam's usual style.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2018 |title=Watch: When drummer Sivamani played an African American and wooed Vijayashanti |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/watch-when-drummer-sivamani-played-african-american-and-wooed-vijayashanti-82285 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109092434/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/watch-when-drummer-sivamani-played-african-american-and-wooed-vijayashanti-82285 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |access-date=2 December 2020 |website=The News Minute}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title='ప‌డ‌మ‌టి సంధ్యారాగం' కోసం బాలు రాసిన ఇంగ్లీష్ పాట‌ |trans-title=An English song written by Balu for ‘Padamati Sandhyaragam’ |work=[[Andhra Jyothi]] |url=https://www.andhrajyothy.com/telugunews/balasubramanyam-english-song-for-padamati-sandyaragam-2020092608031918 |url-status=live |access-date=2 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927223814/https://www.andhrajyothy.com/telugunews/balasubramanyam-english-song-for-padamati-sandyaragam-2020092608031918 |archive-date=27 September 2020}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Ee Toorupu Aa Paschimam
| lyrics1 = [[Veturi]]
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] and [[S. Janaki]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Life is Shabby Without You Baby
| lyrics2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length2 =
| title3 = Muddugare Yasoda
| lyrics3 = [[Annamacharya]]
| extra3 = S. Janaki
| length3 =
| title4 = [[Pibare Rama Rasam]]
| lyrics4 = [[Sadasiva Brahmendra]]
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam and [[S. P. Sailaja]]
| length4 =
}}

== Awards ==
* [[Nandi Award for Best Story Writer]] – 1987 – [[Jandhyala]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2010 |title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008) |trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008) |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf |access-date=9 January 2021 |publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]] |page=28 |language=te}}</ref>
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Telugu]] – 1987 – G. Subba Rao<ref name="archive.org">{{Cite magazine |date=1988 |title=35th Annual Filmfare Awards {{!}} Regional Films |url=https://archive.org/details/35thAnnualFilmfareAwardsSouthWinners |url-status=live |magazine=[[Filmfare]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170205141932/https://archive.org/details/35thAnnualFilmfareAwardsSouthWinners |archive-date=5 February 2017 |access-date=2 March 2019}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0251919}}

{{Jandhyala}}
{{Filmfare Best Telugu Film}}

[[Category:1986 films]]
[[Category:1986 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Asian-American romance films]]
[[Category:Films about immigration to the United States]]
[[Category:Films directed by Jandhyala]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
[[Category:Films set in St. Louis]]
[[Category:Films shot in India]]
[[Category:Films shot in New York City]]
[[Category:Films about women in the Indian diaspora]]
[[Category:Films shot in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Films shot in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Indian films set in New York City]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films about Indian Americans]]
[[Category:1986 American films]]
[[Category:1987 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:1987 independent films]]
[[Category:1987 films]]
[[Category:Films about interracial romance]]
[[Category:1987 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1987 Indian films]]

Howrah–Ranchi Intercity Express (via Tatanagar)

2026-03-31T13:13:13Z

DessiePelloe5:

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox rail service
| color = D24E01
| name = Howrah Junction – Ranchi Junction ''Intercity Superfast Express''
| image = Ranchi - Howrah Intercity SF Exp.jpg
| image_width = 300
| caption =
| type = [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast]]
| locale = [[West Bengal]] & [[Jharkhand]]
| first = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2009|09|07}}
| status = {{color|green|Active}}
| last =
| operator = [[South Eastern Railway zone|South Eastern Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Howrah Junction}} (HWH)
| stops = 12
| end = {{stnlnk|Ranchi Junction}} (RNC)
| distance = {{convert|460|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 8 hrs 5 mins
| frequency = Tri-weekly
| class = AC Chair Car, Second Class Seating, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = No
| autorack = Overhead racks
| catering = On-board catering, E-catering
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = No
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 22891 / 22892
| speed = {{convert|56|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.
| map =
| map_state =
}}

The 22891 / 22892 '''Howrah–Ranchi Intercity Superfast Express''' is an [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast Intercity]] train belonging to [[South Eastern Railway zone]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Howrah Junction}} and {{stnlnk|Ranchi Junction}}. It is currently being operated with 22891/22892 train numbers on tri-weekly basis.<ref>[http://www.ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,423&dcd=1765&did=1498817568919688E8E059A52D108052957491E948D8F.web91 SER TRAIN SERVICES DISRUPTED DUE TO RAIL ROKO]</ref><ref>[http://www.ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,423&dcd=1407&did=14779103188281E864A05391DDD051F87A1E48969FE02.web107 ENHANCEMENT OF ADVANCE RESERVATION PERIOD FROM 10 DAYS TO 30 DAYS FOR SOME TRAINS]</ref><ref>[http://www.ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,423&dcd=1335&did=1473316055952951CA42787518420B6BB0539BD52E5F3.web103 REGULATION OF SER TRAINS SERVICES ON 08.09.2016 DUE TO WATERLOGGING AT TIKIAPARA]</ref><ref>[http://www.uniindia.com/extra-coaches-for-ser-trains-on-permanent-basis/other/news/429314.html#xbjLXM0vPyay6eHV.99 Extra coaches for SER trains on permanent basis]</ref>

== Service==
*The 22891/Howrah–Ranchi Intercity SF Express has an average speed of {{cvt|57|km/h}} and covers {{cvt|460|km}} in 8h 5m.
*The 22892/Ranchi–Howrah Intercity SF Express has an average speed of {{cvt|56|km/h}} and covers {{cvt|460|km}} in 8h 10m.

== Route and halts ==
* '''{{stnlnk|Howrah Junction}}'''
* {{stnlnk|Kharagpur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Tatanagar Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Purulia Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Muri Junction}}
* '''{{stnlnk|Ranchi Junction}}'''

==Coach composition==
The train has standard LHB rakes with max speed of {{cvt|130|km/h}}. The train consists of 14 coaches:

* 2 AC chair car
* 1 AC 3 tier
* 5 second sitting
* 5 general unreserved
* 2 second-class luggage/parcel van

==Traction==
Both trains are hauled by a [[Santragachi railway station|Santragachi Loco Shed]] or [[Electric Loco Shed, Tatanagar|Tatanagar Loco Shed]]-based [[WAP-7]] electric locomotive from Howrah to Ranchi and vice versa.

== Notes ==
Runs three days a week in both directions.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/7536 22891/Howrah–Ranchi Intercity Express (via Tatanagar)] India Rail Info
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/7550 22892/Ranchi–Howrah Intercity Express (via Tatanagar)] India Rail Info

{{Railways in Eastern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Howrah-Ranchi Intercity Express}}
[[Category:Rail transport in Howrah]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Rail transport in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Intercity Express (Indian Railways) trains]]
[[Category:Transport in Ranchi]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Lushai Expedition

2026-03-29T15:05:56Z

DessiePelloe5: Adding New Article.

{{Short description|British punitive expedition against Eastern Lushai chiefs}}
{{Distinguish|Lushai Expedition (1869)|Chin-Lushai Expedition of 1889-90}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2014}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Lushai Expedition
| width =
| partof =
| image = Illustration of Vonolel's tomb - Lushai Expedition.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Illustration of [[Vanhnuailiana]]'s tomb found by the expedition.
| date = 15 December 1871 - 20 February 1872
| place = [[Lushai Hills]]
| coordinates = 
| map_type =
| map_relief =
| map_size =
| map_marksize =
| map_caption =
| map_label =
| territory =
| result = British Victory Recapture of [[Mary Winchester (Zoluti)]] Subjugation of [[Pâwibâwia]], [[Lalbura]], [[Bengkhuaia]] and [[Savunga]]
| status =
| combatants_header =
| combatant1 = {{flagicon|British Empire}} [[British Empire]]
* {{flagicon|British Raj}} [[British Raj]]
* [[File:Flag of Manipur.svg|22px]] [[Manipur (princely state)|Manipur Protectorate]]
| combatant2 = [[Mizo Chieftainship|Lushai chiefdoms]]
| commander1 = {{flag icon|British Raj}} [[Charles Henry Brownlow]] {{flag icon|British Raj}} [[George Bourchier (Indian Army officer)|George Bourchier]] [[File:Flag of Manipur.svg|22px]] [[William Frost Nuthall]]
| commander2 = [[Lalbura]] [[Pâwibâwia]] [[Bengkhuaia]] [[Go Khaw Thang]]
| units1 = [[Chittagong Column]] [[Cachar Column]] [[Manipur Contingent]]
| units2 = Tribal Militias Raiding parties
| strength1 = 2,500 infantry
| strength2 = Unknown
| casualties1 = Unknown
| casualties2 = Unknown
| notes =
| campaignbox =
}}
{{History of Mizoram}}
The [[British Indian Army]] '''Lushai Expedition''' of 1871 to 1872 was a punitive incursion under the command of Generals [[Charles Henry Brownlow|Brownlow]] and [[George Bourchier (Indian Army officer)|Bourchier]]. The objectives of the expedition were to rescue British subjects who had been captured by the [[Lushais]] in raids into Assam—including a six-year-old girl called [[Mary Winchester (Zoluti)|Mary Winchester]]—and to convince the hill tribes of the region that they had nothing to gain and everything to lose by placing themselves in a hostile position towards the British Government.

For the British, the expedition was a success: the prisoners were freed and the hill tribes agreed to negotiate peace terms. The border region was to remain peaceful until 1888 when large-scale raiding was resumed and another punitive expedition was organised.

==Prelude==
On the southern borders of [[Assam Province|Assam]] lay the [[Lushais]], who were a section of the [[Kuki people|Kukis]] living in the hills that constitute present-day [[Mizoram]]. For many years, long before the British occupation, the inhabitants of the plains towards the south had lived in dread of the Lushais, who used to come down and attack the villages, massacring the inhabitants, taking their heads, and plundering and burning their houses.{{sfn|Carey|Tuck|1896|p=14}}

The first Lushai raid mentioned as being committed in British-governed Assam was in 1826. From that year to 1850 the local officers were unable to restrain the fierce attacks of the hillmen on the south. Raids and outrages were of yearly occurrence,<ref>{{harvnb|Carey|Tuck|1896|p=14}} cites Mackenzie's ''North-Eastern Frontier of Bengal'', Chapter XXI.</ref> and on one occasion the Magistrate of Sylhet reported a series of massacres by "Kookies" in what was alleged to be British territory, in which 150 persons had been killed.{{sfn|Carey|Tuck|1896|p=14}}

===Lister Expedition===
{{main|Lister Expedition}}
In 1849 the Lushai raids were so savage and numerous that Colonel [[Frederick George Lister]], then Commandant of the [[Sylhet Light Infantry]] and Agent for the [[Khasia Hills]], was sent in the cold weather of 1849–1850 to punish the tribes. His expedition was only partially successful, for he found the country so impracticable that he considered it unwise to proceed further than the village of Mulla{{sfn|Carey|Tuck|1896|p=14}} which was about {{convert|100|mi|km}} over the border.{{sfn|Low|1883|p=110}} Mulla contained 800 houses and which he surprised and destroyed without opposition, all the male inhabitants being absent on a marauding excursion.{{sfn|Carey|Tuck|1896|p=14}} The expedition also did manage to free about 400 captives, but Lister was of the opinion that "this robber tribe will not cease to infest the frontier until they shall be most servilely dealt with".{{sfn|Low|1883|p=110}} This expedition, however, had the effect of keeping the British Assam southern border tolerably free from disturbance up to the beginning of 1862, when raiding recommenced.{{sfn|Carey|Tuck|1896|p=14}}

===Lushai Expedition (1869)===
{{main|Lushai Expedition (1869)}}
In the cold weather of 1868–1869 the Lushais burnt a tea garden in [[Cachar]] and attacked [[Monierkhal]], and an expedition was organized to follow the marauders, to punish the tribes concerned, and to recover the captives. This expedition was in command of Colonel James Nuttall and consisted of three columns,{{sfn|Carey|Tuck|1896|p=15}}<ref>Charles Low states two columns with 20 days of provisions; one column was under the command of Brigadier-General Nutthal and the other under consisting of the 7th Native Infantry under the command of Major Stephenson {{harv|Low|1883|p=110}}</ref> but the [[monsoon]] rains coming on, the want of provisions and lateness of the season caused the expedition to fail in its principal objects. No tribes were punished and no captives were recovered.{{sfn|Carey|Tuck|1896|p=15}}

==Background==
The next season Mr. Edgar, the [[Deputy Commissioner]] of [[Cachar]], accompanied by Major MacDonald of the Survey Department and a police escort, made strenuous efforts to get into touch with the Lushais. Accompanied by a small escort he visited them across the border and left nothing undone to conciliate and make friends with them; his good intentions and friendly attitude, however, met with little success, for 1870-1871 saw a series of Lushai raids on a more extensively organized scale and of a more determined character than any previous incursions of the kind.{{sfn|Carey|Tuck|1896|p=15}}{{sfn|Low|1883|p=110}}

[[File:Mary Winchester - Cassell's Illustrated History of India.jpg|thumb|Mary Winchester: Captive of the Lushai Raid at Alexandrapur]]

The first raid occurred in the Chittagong Hill Tracts on 31 December 1870, a little more than a [[day's journey]] from the Chima outpost. The raiding were about 200 strong. On 23 January 1871 the village of Ainerkhal, on the extreme west of the Cachar district, was burnt, 25 persons killed, and 37 taken prisoners. The same day the tea garden of [[Alexandrapore]] was destroyed by a party of the "Howlong" tribe under "Sanpoong" ([[Savunga]]) and "Bengkhuia" ([[Bengkhuaia]]). The Alexandrapur tea estate was owned by George Seller. George Seller invited James Winchester to spend Christmas at the tea estate. James Winchester was camping in Alexandarapur with his six year old daughter Mary Winchester from December 1869. On 23 January 1870, James had breakfast with his host outside his bungalow when a raiding party of the Howlong chief Bengkhuia descended on him and his estate. A number of labourers were killed and James Winchester was speared from behind in an attempt to escape. George Seller managed to escape unharmed. Winchester's child [[Mary Winchester (Zoluti)|Mary]], a girl of six years, was carried off as a captive among many others.{{sfn|Carey|Tuck|1896|p=15}} The event became widely spread and publicised on the matter of two European planters being murdered and the kidnapping of a little girl of European blood. The rescue of this kidnapped little British girl became a major factor in the expedition that was to follow.{{sfn|Low|1883|p=110}}{{sfn|Nag|2018|p=205}}

A few hours after the attack on Winchester tea garden (plantation), the adjoining garden of Kutlicherra was attacked, but the Lushais raiders were driven off by two planters. The following day a second attack was made on Kutlicherra, when two Lushais were wounded.{{sfn|Carey|Tuck|1896|p=15}}

On 26 January the raiders surprised some sepoys and police in the Monierkhal garden, killed one sepoy, and wounded one sepoy and one policeman, and commenced an attack on the stockade and [[coolie]] lines. Reinforcements arriving they retired with a loss of 57 men killed and wounded. British loss being six killed and six wounded and one coolie missing. Simultaneously with the attack on Monierkhal a party raided the adjoining garden of Dhurmikhal, but did little damage.{{sfn|Carey|Tuck|1896|p=15}}

Emboldened by their successes the raiders penetrated as far as [[Nundigram]] and on 27 January killed 11 and carried off three persons. The following morning they attacked a rear-guard of eight men, [[4th Native Infantry]], soon after they had left Nundigram; these fought most gallantly, only one man escaping. The Lushais lost 25 men on this occasion. On 23 February the Jhalnacherra tea garden was attacked by a party who killed and wounded seven coolies. Meanwhile, the [[Hill Tipperah]] and the Chittagong Hill Tracts also suffered, though not so severely.{{sfn|Carey|Tuck|1896|p=15}}

==Expedition==
{{see also|Lushai Expedition order of battle}}
The Government of India now decided that an expedition should be made into the Lushai country during the ensuing cold weather. It was decided that the force should consist two columns, the right advancing from Chittagong and the left from Cachar. General Brownlow, C.B., commanded the former, with Captain Lewin, Superintendent of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, as Civil Officer, and General Bourchier, C.B., with Mr. Edgar, Deputy Commissioner, Cachar, as Civil Officer, was in charge of the left or Cachar column.{{sfn|Carey|Tuck|1896|p=15}} Colonel [[Frederick Sleigh Roberts]] was assigned senior staff officer of the force. He was placed in charge of despatching the stores and equipment of the columns until he joined the Cachar column under Bourchier on 3 November 1871. He would cooperate with Colonel Nuthall at Silchar to explore the route over the Burdban range before settling on a different entry point into the Lushai Hills.{{sfn|Low|1883|p=113}}

In addition to these two columns, a contingent of Meiteis accompanied by Colonel James Nuttall, the Political Agent of Manipur, made a demonstration across the southern border to co-operate with General Bourchier's portion of the expedition.{{sfn|Carey|Tuck|1896|p=15}}

The entire political and military conduct of the expedition was placed in the hands of the Military Commanders, who were specially instructed that the object of the expedition was not one of pure retaliation but that the surrender of the British subjects held in captivity should be insisted on, and that every endeavour should be made to establish friendly relations with the savage tribes and to convince them that they had nothing to gain and everything to lose by placing themselves in a hostile position towards the British Government.{{sfn|Carey|Tuck|1896|p=16}} Lord Napier arranged for two officers with supreme authority in the military operations to offset the mistakes of single authority expeditions. he also instituted a system of integrating civil officers as advisors and channels of communications with the tribes who would answer to the column commanders.{{sfn|Roberts|1898|p=310}}

The country's difficulty and terrain made the columns need to be lightly equipped. No tents were permitted to be taken, and items such as baggage and followers were to be reduced to a minimum.{{sfn|Roberts|1898|p=311}}

===Cachar Column Operations===
[[File:Lushai, Poi, Lushai, Sokte - Lushai Expedition.jpg|thumb|Illustration of Lushai, Poi, Lushai and Sokte man during the Expedition.]]
The Cachar column, which consisted of half a battery of Artillery, a company of Sappers, and 500 rifles, started on 15 December 1871.{{sfn|Carey|Tuck|1896|p=16}} By the end of November, the column began to enter the Lushai Hills and was joined by John Edgar from Silchar on 6 December 1871.{{sfn|Reid|1893|p=14}} Colonel Frederick Sleigh Roberts joined General Bourchier on the 16th of November at the house of the civil officer and Deputy Commissioner of Cachar [[John Ware Edgar]]. The column left Cachar on 23 November 1871.{{sfn|Roberts|1898|p=311}}

The force operated on the rationale that Lushai chiefs holding British subjects in captivity should surrender and release the captives.{{sfn|Reid|1893|p=15}} From the beginning the force was made to construct their own roads. Roberts described the road construction work continuing to the end of January, with 110 miles being made. Roberts relied on friendly Lushai tribesmen to act as guides for the column as the Lushai Hills were virtually unmapped. The roads were widened to six to eight feet wide for elephants to be able to traverse. Another issue was the dense forestry, which took up much time and labour to clear and cut down. The beginning of the expedition was difficult as cholera broke out among the Nepalese coolies on their way to join the column. As a result, 251 of 840 died with many desertions. In the end, only 347 coolies managed to join the column as a result. The elephants supplied for the expedition also were not fit as only 33 of the 157 provided were useful for the column. As a result of transportation difficulties, the carrying load and supplies were reduced to 40 pounds for officers and 24 pounds for soldiers, which Roberts described as difficult to keep within limit. Blankets and waterproof sheets were labelled essential as the terrain would be exposed to heights of low temperatures, and dew from the dense forestry would be described as heavy rain.{{sfn|Roberts|1898|p=312}}

The 44th arrived at [[Tipaimukh]] by 9 December 1871.{{sfn|Reid|1893|p=17}}{{sfn|Roberts|1898|p=313}} The Gurkhas and some local coolies used the abundant bamboo as construction materials in makeshift hospitals and store sheds with a camping ground for elephants. On the south beach, Commissariat and Ordnance, godowns were erected. The artillery and Engineer parks found accommodation while on the sandy plateau, an officer's quarter with a mess was established.{{sfn|Roberts|1898|p=313}}{{sfn|Woodthorpe|1873|p=119}} Furthermore, the abundant bamboo was used for drinking vessels, makeshift bridges and even musical instruments. A trestle bridge was thrown across the [[Tuivai River|Tipai river]] within the span of a few hours. Roberts had instructed an engineer to construct a bridge for the river crossing without delay, but it had not begun after a few hours of calculations. As a result, Roberts took the offer of the local natives to build a bridge at the river. In a short time, several men felled bamboo and threw them in the river, which men collected downstream. the bamboos were cut to the right length, attached laterally and longitudinally with a floor-bound and strips of cane, and prepared for crossing. The natives even tested the bridge with a march of men to test the integrity of the structure which astonished the sapper company engineer.{{sfn|Roberts|1898|p=313}}{{sfn|Woodthorpe|1873|p=120}} The column was encamped on 13 December at the ascent of the [[Senvon|Senvong range]] at an elevation of 4000 feet. The Lushai Hills and their settlements were observed this way. The observation saw the Tipai River, which, west of it, lay the jhums and cottages of Kholel. Further away in the south-east, the advanced settlements under [[Pâwibâwia]] (Poiboi) were observed. The force advanced through the Tipai River by a weir despite warnings and threats from the Lushais. The column did not respond because no first strike or attack from the Lushais would not warrant a violent interaction.{{sfn|Reid|1893|p=18}} On 14 December, the progress from the river focused on water access for the next encampment, which required increased reconnoitre for suitable camping grounds. The expedition began to slow as the roadmaking for elephants became increasingly difficult, and troops could ascend only very gradually. The column would cross the Tuibum River on 22 December, where they would meet with some Lushai scouts of the neighbouring villages to not advance any further. They offered that if the column halted then the ''upa'' of their villages would come and submit to the terms of the force. In return the villages were informed that there was no quarrel with them if the force were to be let through to the village of the perpetrator [[Lalbura]] unmolested. After pushing through the dense vegetation until a mile within the river, the force would encounter a road blocked by a curious erection of gallows that hung two bamboo figures. A little further, a felled tree on the path was studded with knife-like pieces of bamboo with red juice close to blood. The force took this as a warning of the Lushais but continued to bivouac until proceeding to villages observed ahead on their road.{{sfn|Roberts|1898|p=314}}

On 23 December 1871, the column ascended on the hill where the Kholel villages lay and was fired at by Lushai volleys from uphill.{{sfn|Reid|1893|p=19}} The first thousand feet ascent was steep and narrow forcing the column to walk in a narrow file which led to the Lushais performing the ambush. A young police orderly acting as the guide was knocked over by Roberts side and a second volley wounded one of the sepoys. The force charged at the ambush before they retreated uphill. The force then encountered some [[jhum]]s with more volleys from the Lushais firing.{{sfn|Roberts|1898|p=314}} The force arrived into a village where they decided to remain for the night. The march had been taxing on the force as the village was 4000 feet above the river. Due to this the troops could not construct picquets and proper shelter of all the available timber. The sharpshooters continued to harass the force the whole night within the forests around the village before dispersing with the force leaving at dawn.{{sfn|Roberts|1898|p=314}} The village they occupied had its granaries destroyed.{{sfn|Reid|1893|p=19}} Observation of the Lushai Hills from the village's strategic position revealed that the previous days march uphill 4000 feet was useless as it was going the wrong direction to [[Lalbura]]'s village of [[Champhai]]. The force had no choice but to retrace their steps as far as the river. However, the men and animals were too tired to march that day along with Christmas to be celebrated the following day. As a result, the force retired from the village on 26 December. As soon as the pickets were drawn in, the Lushais staged an assault, believing the force was retreating. Roberts described the Lushais entering one end of the village, yelling and screaming before the force left. The Lushais continued to follow and attempted to get between the baggage before being foiled by the Gurkhas. The march out of the village led to casualties of 3 deaths and 8 wounded, the Lushais would confess to a loss of 50-60 in this skirmish after the expedition. General Bourchier chose to return to the Kholel village on account of not wanting the Lushais to believe the force had been defeated. A slight resistance was recorded at the first clearance, but upon reaching the ridge, the chief submitted and engaged in giving hostages keep communication at the encampment in Tipaimukh, which was a promise kept throughout the expedition.{{sfn|Roberts|1898|p=315}} Another village a mile further on the ride was occupied and repurposed as a military encampment while a third village on the top of a mountain was captured and burned down that same evening. The force evacuated Kholel and encamped in the valley below the stream but were forced to mobilise uphill after being harassed by firing from the jungles.{{sfn|Reid|1893|p=19}} However the enemy surrendered immediately as the force arrived. Darpong, an ''upa'' of [[Poiboi]], met with the column. He was described as clad in orange-coloured garments and accessories with a lofty plume. Darpong intervened on behalf of Kholel and in anticipation for Poiboi. Darpong offered a cessation of hostilities. Darpong would climb up a tree and make a call to the surrounding war parties and guerillas to stop to the firing of guns in the jungles. The Lushais, previously enemies, met with the column subsequently. On the 30 and 31 December 1871, more ''upas'' came with peace offerings which were accepted with the column. The camp was stated to be filled with pumpkins, fowls and ginger including some barters for watches and burning glasses.{{sfn|Reid|1893|p=20}}

On 6 January 1872, the column crossed Tuitoo affluent of Tipai at a ridge of a height of 3400 feet. They marched further to the village of Pachnee where they observed the principal northern villages of Poiboi eastward of their position. While the general stopped to resupply their stock and logistics, an opportunistic excursion was made to the old site of Kholel which formerly was the village of [[Vonpilal]]. The village had been burnt six days before the arrival of the column but the tomb of Vonpilal was intact. It was described as a monument centred on a large stone platform surrounded by poles hanging with skulls of wild oxen, deer and goats.{{sfn|Reid|1893|p=21}}

On 13 January 1872, the force advanced forward. A road was cleared by the 42nd and 44th from Pachnee to Tipai.{{sfn|Reid|1893|p=21}} The force was approaching closer to Poiboi, an influential chief in the region. Despite his ''upa'' Darpong staying with the column in their camp, the attitude of Poiboi to the expedition was considered uncertain to ascertain. The column's advances were unpopular to the Lushais under the vassal settlements of Chipooee and Tingridong under Poiboi, which was practically independent to some extent. The column was anxious to secure the neutrality of the settlements while the settlements were hesitant to accommodate the force in case it went against Poiboi's wishes.{{sfn|Reid|1893|p=22}} As the column ascneded to the settlement of Chipoee, Darpong and a crowd of Lushais were met. A imposter of Poiboi claimed to meet with the General. However, once discovered of this lie, the General warned them that he would now listen to no one but Poiboi in his own principal settlement. A party was left behind to patrol the settlements while three ''upas'' were taken as hostages.{{sfn|Reid|1893|p=23}}

The force set out southeastward. The force arrived at another mountain ridge before approaching two paths. The Lushais had placed warnings and threats of crossing the ridge. However, the general continued to pursue the ridge path without issue while later on the safer path was discovered to be prepared for an ambush.{{sfn|Reid|1893|p=23}} On 25 January, Darpong returned to the General at their encampment after being sent to summon Poiboi. Darpong warned the column that Poiboi would attack the column if he were to continue further. The general and his force would be attacked further on from all sides in a difficult terrain for the troops. The general was wounded, but the war party was driven off. The attack proved that Poiboi had sided with [[Lalbura]] and opposed the column. As a result, the column sent out parties to burn settlements on the neighbouring hills. The force also displayed their force by utilising artillery which caused the Lushais to flee their stockades and abandon their settlements. Investigation of the corpses discovered ammunition from the raids at Nugdigram which further validated the progress of the column to the goals of the expedition. Poiboi was warned via envoys that a heavy fine of [[gayal|mithun]] and other accessories with complete submission could compensate the mistake in opposing the expedition or else all his villages will be burnt.{{sfn|Reid|1893|p=24}}

The force would cross three ridges at great heights to the top of Lengting range to become into sight at Sellam. Darpong arrived with offering but it failed to stop the advance of the column. Sellam was found deserted by Poiboi and the column entered without resistance. The following day, Lushais arrived at the forces encampment. Thye argued that only Poiboi's submission could save their settlements. Poiboi did take initiative in this by sending emissaries to General Nuthall and the manipuris however, no progress was made in his submission to General Bourchier in Sellam. At Sellam, the force assembled and prepared for their final operation to capture [[Lalbura]].{{sfn|Reid|1893|p=25}}
[[File:Vonolel tomb- illustrated history.jpg|thumb|Vonolel's Tomb illustrated in James Grant's "Cassell's Illustrated History of India, Volume 2"]]
On 12 February, the troops started upon the final stage of the expedition. Five days of marching southwards through the elevated mountain ranges and ridges brought them into full view of Champhai, where Lalbura resided. Lalbura was known as the son of [[Vonolel]]. On 17 February, the force entered Lalbura's settlement, which another force had besieged. The Manipur contingent withdrew due to disease outbreaks. Their absence inspired the [[Sukte people|Sukte tribes]], enemies of the Lushais, to descend on Lalbura amidst the panic of the expedition. Lalbura had defended himself from the Sukte chief [[Kamhau]] with heavy losses. Due to this, Lalbura deserted his village and burned it to the ground. Only [[Vonolel]]'s tomb was untouched by the burning of the settlement. Vonolel's widow, Rolianpuii was known to reside on a neighbouring hill. Her settlement was fined war gongs, [[gayal|mithun]], goats which she readily paid.{{sfn|Reid|1893|p=26}} A peace agreement was made with Rolianpuii on behla for Lalbura that:
* British agents would have free access to the village.
* Three hostages would accompany the force to Tipaimukh if Lalbura could not be surrendered into their custody.
* Arms and guns taken from the raids at Moinerkhal and Nugdigram would be surrendered. If unable to, then their own weapons would compensate the ones looted.
* A fine of two elephant tusks, a necklace, and a war gong. Along with the fine, a number of animals were demanded, consisting of four [[gayal|mithuns]], ten goats, ten pigs, fifty fowls and twenty maunds of husked rice.
If the last two terms were unable to be completed, then the column would attack the settlement of Rolianpuii in Chawnchhim on the 20th of February. The column moved to Rolianpuii's village of Chawchhin. Difficulties were proclaimed in collecting the muskets but the quota was fulfilled by nighttime and three ''upas'' were chosen to accompany the column to Tipaimukh.{{sfn|Woodthorpe|1873|p=298}}

Poiboi had met with the Lushai assistants under John Edgar but still did not commit to come in and sue for peace. The column considered this one of its failures. However, the force returned to Cachar without any attacks.{{sfn|Reid|1893|p=27}}

In January and February 1872, the expedition saw an immigration of captives under Poiboi and Lemkham. A total of 649 captives were rescued and 2,112 refugees cross to Manipur to request protection from the King. The captives and refugees arrived at the Manipur camp at Chibu. Statistics of the refugees showed 373 being [[Sukte people|Sukte]] who took refuge with the Lushais during famine, 967 [[Paite people|Paites]] who were vassal of Poiboi's villages, 110 Soomties who were vassals of Kamhau's Sukte settlement and 612 Lushais from Bomhung's villages which had been destroyed by Kamhau. The king of Manipur assigned plots of land in the Thangching hills and valleys. Food was also provided until the settlers could become subsistent.{{sfn|Brown|1874|p=56}}

===Chittagong Column Operations===
[[Thomas Herbert Lewin]] as a political officer of the Chittagong Column, began to make preparations. In Rangamati guides and coolies were collected from different tribes and chiefs. The frontier police of the Chittagong Hill Tracts were further strengthened and better equipped with European officers, who were added to the force after Lewin had an interview with Lord Mayo.{{sfn|Lewin|1885|p=388}} The campaign began on 8 October 1871. On 28 October, Lewin met with General Brownlow assigned to lead the column.{{sfn|Lewin|1885|p=393}} Lewin was assigned an assistant known as Mr. Crouch. The 2nd Gurkha Regiment commanded by Colonel H. Macpherson arrived first to join the column. [[Rothangpuia]] with two minor chiefs on 12 November offered full support to the expedition. Lewin endeavoured to let Rothangpuia meet with General Brownlow.{{sfn|Lewin|1885|p=394}} Brownlow would visit Rothangpuia's village on 22 November with an escort of the 2nd Gurkha regiment. A [[gayal|mithun]] was killed in spirit of the occasion and [[Zu (beverage)|zu]] was distributed to everyone. After the departure of Brownlow, Rothangpuia voiced his hesitation of supporting the expedition and desired neutrality. This was due to the threat of retaliation of the Shendu chiefs in the future. Lewin assured a detachment of frontier police in his village in response.{{sfn|Lewin|1885|p=396}}

To prepare an influential intermediary, Lewin tried to contact Chief Lengura to no avail. Upon arriving to his village it was deserted with the exception of the domestic livestock. The party set up an ambush which successfully captured Lengura when he came back to retrieve his [[gayal|mithun]]. Lengura after two days of negotiations agreed to aid the column. He was despatched to a Sailo chief known as Vanlula. This was to reassure the Sailo chiefs not to interfere as the expedition was aimed at Howlong chiefs.{{sfn|Lewin|1885|p=400}} On 13 December, Lengura returned and informed that five Sailo headmen assembled at Vanlula's village and refused to comply. They threatened to attack if the column approached further unless they evacuated from the Lushai Hills. General Brownlow made a decision to attack Vanlula's village the following morning. An advance was made with two parties. Major MacIntyre of the 2nd Gurkhas feigned an attack while the main regiment crested the hill and overran the settlement.{{sfn|Lewin|1885|p=401}} As a result, the enemy bolted with one man dead and carrying away two-three wounded. At the very first shot, Vanlula set fire to his own village denying the column's ability to occupy it. The remaining property were used as shelter while scouts were ordered to track the enemy. The scouts at sunset returned to report that the Sailos had retreated north with skirmishes of lost articles and a corpse. Among the articles the scouts found a coat belonging to a man of the Frontier battalion under Lieutenant Stewart implicating the Vanlula as a participant in the raids. General Brownlow ordered a depot to be improvised at the remains of Vanlula's village and to find any grains or stores to adequately live of the resources of the land.{{sfn|Lewin|1885|p=402}}

Rothangpuia accompanied Lewin but was on bad terms with the Sailo and Howlong chiefs, complicating Lewin's diplomatic ability to retrieve the British captives.{{sfn|Lewin|1885|p=403}} The column's communication was also interrupted by the Lushais, who attempted attacks on the mail bringers but ultimately defended the party successfully.{{sfn|Lewin|1885|p=404}} On 21 December, Colonel MacPherson assaulted and occupied the village of Lalhlira. The rest of the party observed the battle until Macpherson telegraphed success via a flag signal that no losses were made on his party. Major MacIntyre similarly travelled north, burnt two villages, and destroyed 56 granaries. Despite one of the villages being strongly fortified, the Sailos abandoned it at defence. As a result, the livestock was captured, which supplemented the column's logistics. Christmas day saw General Brownlow invite all officers to dine with him and consume a plum pudding together.{{sfn|Lewin|1885|p=405}} The following day the column occupied the village of Van Hnoya with no opposition. Travelling further on the party discovered the villages of Vankunga and Van Hnuna which were set on fire by their villagers. Lewin attempted to send Rothangpuia to prevent the burning but failed.{{sfn|Lewin|1885|p=405}}

==Manipur Contingent==
The Manipur contingent was made to cooperate with the Brigadier General Bourchier's column.{{sfn|Pau|2020|p=64}} Bourchier intended to exert pressure on the Lushais east of the Tuivai river by having troops occupy along the southern frontier to the Lushai Hills. A large force was stationed at Moirang in case it needed to operate there according to Bourchier's plans. Nuthall was given discretion in setting up the posts and placed goals to keep the Kam Hau tribes in check.{{sfn|Pau|2020|p=66}}

However a Kam Hau deputation met with Nuthall and offered themselves to aid the expedition with permission to attack the Eastern Lushai villages. Nuthall however denied permission for them to carry out the attack. The Manipuris however informed Nuthall that the Kam Hau would not heed his refusal. As a result, Nuthall ordered them to send in hostages to curb "the warlike activities". To maintain pressure on the Kam Hau, Nuthall without Bourchier's permission moved south to Chivu. By February 1872, the contingent caught disease and provisions began to run out. Bourchier concluded the expedition and Nuthall was to make his way back to Imphal.{{sfn|Pau|2020|p=67}} On the way back, nine miles away from Chivu, Nuthall came across several hundred Kam Hau with over one hundred armed with muskets in their camp. The Kam Hau chief Go Kha Thang of Mombi was recognised by a Thado as being responsible for a raid in Manipur in 1972. The Meitei majors, Major Sawai Chumba and Major Thangal, told Chief Go Khaw Thang that he had committed a trespass by raiding their villages and should meet with Nuthall. However, Go Khaw Thang refused and was instead apprehended. After a skirmish, 57 men were transported to Imphal and placed in jail. Nuthal supported the action of confiscating their muskets and detaining unruly chiefs raiding the Lushais. However, Bourchier and John Edgar both called the conduct to be treachery. Since Go Khaw Thang had no intention to attack the camp, the actions were excessive and the two majors made an excuse for unruly conduct. Since Bourchier never ordered Nuthall to venture to Chivu, all subsequent chains of actions were also considered unauthorised.{{sfn|Pau|2020|p=68}}

In his report, Edgar claimed that the party at the camp was under the expectation of a friendly altercation with the Meitei. Especially as they placed children, women and refugee property before them in the camp.{{sfn|Pau|2020|p=69}} The Suktes had not aroused suspicion even when the sepoys surrounded them.{{sfn|Pau|2020|p=70}} The Kam Hau thus sent an embassy led by Kai Khual, Thang Zam and Ling Awi. The delegation was sent by Kam Hau's son, Za Tual to plead the release of Go Khaw Thang and the prisoners. The delegation was turned away. However they returned with four captive women and an elephant tusk for the Manipuri king out of good will. One of the captive women informed Colonel Mowbray Thompson, that the first delegation had tried to ascertain if Go Khaw Thang would be released. If not they had planned to invade and raid Manipur. A thousand Thados had already migrated to Burma to avoid the confrontation. The threat was taken seriously and preparations were made to fortify the frontier.{{sfn|Pau|2020|p=70}} Kai Khual out of goodwill listened to Thompson's demand and returned 26 captives from previous raids. Thompson thus convinced the Manipur king to release 26 Kam Hau captives in return. Kai Khual thus returned for the fourth time with 14 captives but Go Khaw Thang had died in prison by that time.{{sfn|Pau|2020|p=71}} It is unknown if Go Khaw Thang died of sickness or was tortured to death due to harsh treatment. Due to the proximity of Cholera outbreaks in the time period, Pau argues that Go Khaw Thang died of Cholera in prison, if not torture.{{sfn|Pau|2020|p=72}}

On 16 march 1873, Kai Khual and the political agent with the King of Manipur signed a peace treaty on the banks of the river at Imphal.{{sfn|Pau|2020|p=72}} Both parties restored captives and Kai Khual received the release of Go Khaw Thang's remains for his son Sum Kam.{{sfn|Pau|2020|p=73}}
==Aftermath==
Assam now enjoyed comparative peace until 1888-1889, when the hillmen raided into Chittagong, and Assam furnished a force of 400 police under the command of Mr. Daly to co-operate with General Tregear's column. Entering the hills from Cachar, the police, with a detached force of the Chittagong column, attacked and destroyed several villages which were implicated in the raids into Chittagong in 1888. When the troops retired at the close of the operations, they left two posts in the North Lushai hills—one at Aijal, the other at Changsil—and a Political Officer was appointed to administer the North Lushai Tract, with headquarters at [[Aijal]].{{sfn|Carey|Tuck|1896|p=16}} In 1891, another British column was murdered, leading to the [[Chin-Lushai Expedition of 1889-90]].

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{citation |first=R. |last=Brown |title=Statistical Account of the Native State of Manipur and the Hill Territory under Its Rule |year=1874 |publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing |location=Calcutta |url=https://archive.org/details/statistical-account-of-manipur |ref={{sfnref|Brown|1874}}}}
* {{cite book |last1=Lewin |first1=Thomas Herbert |title=A fly on the wheel: Or, how I helped to govern India |date=1885 |publisher=W.H. Allen & Co |location=London |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F_wGAAAAQAAJ |access-date=27 January 2025}}
* {{Citation |last=Low |first=Charles Rathbone |authorlink=Charles Rathbone Low |year=1883 |title=Major-General Sir Frederick S. Roberts, Bart., V. C., G. C. B., C. I. E., R. A., a Memoir |location=London |publisher=W. H. Allen and co. |page=[https://archive.org/stream/majorgeneralsirf00lowciala#page/110/mode/1up 110] |url=https://archive.org/details/majorgeneralsirf00lowciala}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Seshan|editor1-first=Radhika|editor2-last=Kumbhojkar|editor2-first=Shraddha|last=Nag |first=Sajal|date=2018|title=Re-searchinhg Transitions in Indian History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cOlgDwAAQBAJ |location=New York |publisher=Routeledge|isbn=978-0-429-48756-9|chapter=Shaming the self, negating history: Advent of evangelicals and transformation of a community in colonial North East India}}
* {{cite book |last=Reid |first=A.S. |date=1893 |title=Chin-Lushai Land: Including a description of the various expeditions into the Chin-Lushai Hills and the final annexation of the country |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.79810/page/n5/mode/2up |location=Calcutta |publisher=Thacker, Spink and Co.}}
* {{cite book |last=Roberts |first=Frederick Sleigh|author-link=Frederick Sleigh Roberts |date=1898 |title=Forty-One years in India from Subaltern to Commander in Chief |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/16528 |location=London |publisher=Richard Bentley and Son |access-date=21 January 2025}}
** {{cite book |last=Pau |first=Pum Khan |title=Indo-Burma Frontier and the Making of the Chin Hills: Empire and Resistance |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-138-38460-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dVmnDwAAQBAJ}}

;Attribution
* {{source-attribution|{{Citation |first1=Sausmarez Bertram |last1=Carey |last2=Tuck |first2=Henry Newman |year=1896 |title=The Chin Hills: a history of our people |publisher=Rangoon, Printed by the superintendent, government printing, Burma |url=https://archive.org/details/chinhillsahisto01tuckgoog |pages=12–16}}}}. A note on page 16 states that: "This account is condensed from Mackenzie's ''North-Eastern Frontier of Bengal'', pages 313–316."
* {{Citation |last=Woodthorpe |first=Robert Gosset |year=1873 |title=The Lushai expedition, 1871-1872 |location=London |publisher=Hurst and Blackett |url=https://archive.org/details/lushaiexpedition00woodrich}}

{{Lushai frontier}}

[[Category:1870s in British India]]
[[Category:1871 in India]]
[[Category:1872 in India]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1871]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1872]]
[[Category:Punitive expeditions in the Lushai Hills]]

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan: The Messiah

2026-03-26T22:48:51Z

DessiePelloe5: Made New Data

{{Italic title}}
{{short description|Indian biographical film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| italic_title = Sir Syed Ahmad Khan: The Messiah
| name = Sir Syed Ahmad Khan: The Messiah
| image = Sir Syed Ahmad Khan- The Messiah.jpeg
| director = {{ubl|Masarrat Ali|Shoaib Hussain Choudhary}}
| writer = {{ubl|Shoaib Hussain Choudhary|Mutyim Kamalee}}
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Hayat-i-Javed]]''|[[Altaf Hussain Hali]]}}
| producer = {{ubl|Shoaib Hussain Choudhary|Masarrat Ali|Parveen Akhtar Ali}}
| starring = Shoaib Hussain Choudhary [[Zarina Wahab]] [[Syed Sahil Agha]] [[Akshay Anand]] [[Deepak Parashar]]
| released = {{Film date|2024|12|19|df=y}}
| runtime = 168 minutes
| country = India
| language = Urdu
}}

'''''Sir Syed Ahmad Khan: The Messiah''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Urdu]]-language [[biographical film]] directed by Masarrat Ali and Shoaib Hussain Choudhary. It is an adaptation of [[Altaf Hussain Hali]]'s ''[[Hayat-i-Javed]]'', a biography of Indian social reformer and the founder of [[Aligarh Muslim University]], [[Syed Ahmad Khan|Sir Syed Ahmed Khan]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |date=2024-12-19 |title=First biopic of Sir Syed resonates with contemporary Muslim issues |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/uttar-pradesh/first-biopic-of-sir-syed-resonates-with-contemporary-muslim-issues/article69006411.ece |access-date=2024-12-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-08-14 |title=Aligarh Muslim University 'cold-shouldering' bid to shoot series based on founder: Filmmaker |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/amu-cold-shouldering-bid-to-shoot-series-based-on-founder-filmmaker/articleshow/93550074.cms |access-date=2024-12-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-07-07 |title="Important to make an authentic film on Sir Syed" |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/important-to-make-an-authentic-film-on-sir-syed/article4893407.ece |access-date=2024-12-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=सर सैयद पर पहली बार बनेगी फीचर फिल्म |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/entertainment/news-from-bollywood/-/articleshow/20727848.cms |access-date=2024-12-28 |website=[[Navbharat Times]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sir Syed Ahmed Khan the Messiah: Volume 1 |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/sir_syed_ahmed_khan_the_messiah_volume_1 |access-date=2024-12-28 |website=Rotten Tomatoes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Wajihuddin |first=Mohammed |date=2023-02-19 |title=No AMU nod to shoot, filmmaker gets Aligarh campus to Andheri |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/no-amu-nod-to-shoot-filmmaker-gets-aligarh-campus-to-andheri/articleshow/98057439.cms |access-date=2024-12-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It is produced by Masarrat Ali, Parveen Akhtar Ali and Choudhary and streamed on [[Apple TV (streaming service)|Apple TV]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |first2= |date=2024-09-20 |title=Sir Syed Ahmed Khan the Messiah |url=https://tv.apple.com/fi/movie/sir-syed-ahmed-khan-the-messiah-volume-1/umc.cmc.5izvsdanb3t5gl77mdj4hmavl |access-date=2024-12-28 |website=Apple TV |language=en-GB}}</ref> It stars Choudhary as Sir Syed Ahmed Khan,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-08 |title=AMU के संस्थापक सर सैयद अहमद खान पर बनेगी बायोपिक, लीड रोल निभाएगा ये प्रोड्यूसर |url=https://www.aajtak.in/entertainment/news/story/producer-shoaib-hussain-choudhary-to-play-actor-in-the-biopic-of-sir-syed-ahmad-khan-ali-muslim-university-founder-and-reformer-life-journey-tmovh-2005019-2024-08-08 |access-date=2024-12-28 |website=[[Aaj Tak]] |language=hi}}</ref> [[Zarina Wahab]] as Azizunnisa Begum, [[Syed Sahil Agha]] as [[Shibli Nomani]], [[Akshay Anand]] as [[Syed Mahmud|Syed Mehmood]] and [[Deepak Parashar]] as Khwaja Fariduddin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 19, 2024 |title=Special screening of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan: The Messiah held at AMU |url=https://www.amu.ac.in/news/2024/12/19/special-screening-of-sir-syed-ahmad-khan-the-messiah-held-at-amu |access-date=2024-12-28 |website=Aligarh Muslim University |language=en}}</ref>

== Cast ==

* Shoaib Hussain Choudhary as [[Syed Ahmad Khan|Sir Syed Ahmed Khan]]
** Swayam Joshi as young Syed Ahmed Khan
* [[Zarina Wahab]] as Azizunnisa Begum
* [[Syed Sahil Agha]] as [[Shibli Nomani]]
* [[Akshay Anand]] as [[Syed Mahmood|Syed Mehmood]]
* Samvedna Suwalka as Musharraf Jahan, wife of Syed Mehmood
* [[Deepak Parashar]] as Khwaja Fariduddin
* Javed Abedi as [[Jai Kishan Das|Raja Jai Kishan]]
* Nilofar Gesawat as [[Fakhr-un-Nisa|Fakrun Nisa]]
* Mohammed Yaqub Ghauri as Mushtaq Ahmad Kamboh
* Syed Ubaid Hussain as [[Surendranath Banerjee|Surendranath Banerji]]
* Azhar Iqbal as [[Akbar Allahabadi]]
* Naiyar Jafri as Mehdi Ali Khan
* Arif Zakaria as [[Nawab]] Mehmood of [[Bijnor|Bijnore]]
* Leena Sharma as [[Ghalib|Umrao Begum]]
* [[Mir Sarwar]] as Muneer Khan

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|id=29454826}}

[[Category:2024 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2024 Urdu-language films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:Aligarh Movement]]
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University]]
[[Category:Aligarh]]
[[Category:Apple TV (streaming service) original films]]
[[Category:Biographical films about philosophers]]
[[Category:Christianity and Islam]]
[[Category:Films about Islam]]
[[Category:Films about activists]]
[[Category:Films about educators]]
[[Category:Films about nobility]]
[[Category:Films about social issues in India]]
[[Category:Films about social movements]]
[[Category:Films about the Indian Rebellion of 1857]]
[[Category:Films based on biographies]]
[[Category:Films set in Delhi]]
[[Category:Films set in Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Films set in Lucknow]]
[[Category:Films set in Punjab]]
[[Category:Films set in the 19th century]]
[[Category:Films set in the British Raj]]
[[Category:Films set in the Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:Films set in the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Films set in the Victorian era]]
[[Category:Films set in universities and colleges]]
[[Category:Films shot in Delhi]]
[[Category:Films shot in Lucknow]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Hindi-language films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Hinduism and Islam]]
[[Category:Indian biographical drama films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Indian historical drama films]]
[[Category:Islam and government]]
[[Category:Islam and nationalism]]
[[Category:Islam and science]]
[[Category:Islam and society]]
[[Category:Pakistan Movement]]
[[Category:Works by Syed Ahmed Khan]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian films]]

Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha

2026-03-25T08:33:24Z

DessiePelloe5: further cleanup page after review and corrected details per standard format

{{Short description|Organisation with the purpose to improve Hindi literacy in South Indian states}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| logo =
| name = Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha
| image = Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha logo.png
| established = {{start date and age|1918|6|17}}
| type = Public
| president = V. Muralidharan
| city =
| country = [[India]]
| campus = [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| language = [[Hindi]]
| website = {{URL|dbhpscentral.org}}
| founders = [[Mahatma Gandhi]] [[Annie Besant]]
}}

'''Dakshin Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha''' is an organisation whose main goal is to improve [[Modern Standard Hindi]] literacy among the non-Hindi speaking people of [[South India]]. The headquarters are located at Thanikachalam Road, [[T. Nagar]], [[Chennai]].

The organisation was established by [[Mahatma Gandhi]], who became the founder president of the Sabha, who held the post till his death. The sabha was inaugurated by [[Annie Besant]] on 17 June 1918. In 1964, the institution was recognised by the [[Indian Government]] as one of the [[List of Institutes of National Importance|Institutes of National Importance]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dbhpscentral.org/introduction.html|title=Welcome to Dakshin Bharath Hindi Prachar Sabha {{!}} Introduction|website=www.dbhpscentral.org|access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Hindi Prachar Sabha Chennai.jpg|thumb|Front gate of the Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha campus]]

=== Hindi movement ===
The Hindi movement in South India was started in the year 1918 by Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi saw the need to unite the northern and southern states of the country in the greatest interest of integration of the nation, as Hindi was spoken by the largest section of the people of India. Therefore, he founded the Dakshin Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha at Madras to propagate the study of Hindi in the then [[Madras Presidency]] and princely states of [[Banganapalle State|Banganapalle]], [[Cochin kingdom|Cochin]], [[Hyderabad state|Hyderabad]], [[Mysore kingdom|Mysore]], [[Pudukkottai state|Pudukkottai]], [[Sandur State|Sanduru]] and [[Travancore]]. The Sabha was inaugurated by Annie Besant on 17 June 1918.<ref name="Hindu_100YearsOld">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/dakshin-bharat-hindi-prachar-sabha-is-100-years-old/article24188242.ece |title= Dakshin Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha is 100 years old |date=18 June 2018|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=28 July 2018}}</ref>

The movement was inaugurated by the [[Annie Besant]] under the presidency at Gokhale Hall in Madras. The first Hindi class was taken by Gandhi's son [[Devdas Gandhi]]. Hindi training schools were started in [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Tamil Nadu]]. The number of students increased from 80 in 1919 to hundreds of thousands in subsequent years. Today the movement can claim more than 7000 workers working in 6000 centres, covering the entire area of the five states, viz. [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]] and [[Tamil Nadu]], with an area of 650,000 square kilometers with a population of about 120 million.

By 1927, the Hindi Prachar Sabha emerged as an independent organization, and Mahatma Gandhi remained its president until his death in 1948. During the silver jubilee celebrations of the Sabha, Gandhi stayed for nearly 10 days on the Sabha's premises.<ref name="Hindu_100YearsOld"/>

Gandhiji desired that the ‘Hindi Prachar‘ in the south should be carried on by involving the local people of the respective area. Until 1920, this Sabha had its office at [[George Town, Chennai|George Town]] in Madras and after some years shifted to [[Mylapore]] and then to [[Triplicane]] where it functioned till 1936. In 1936, the Sabha shifted to its present headquarters at [[T. Nagar]]. Preliminary examinations were held regularly from 1922. The first degree-level examination ‘Rashtrabasha Visharad’ was conducted and convocation held in 1931, which was addressed by Kaka Kalelkar. The Sabha celebrated its silver jubilee in 1946 after the [[Second World War]] and Gandhiji presided over the celebrations. To commemorate his presence during the silver jubilee celebrations in the sabha and mark that historic occasion, it was decided to build a Gandhi Mantap at the celebration spot. Accordingly, a mantap was built and it was inaugurated in June 1963 by [[Morarji Desai]].

=== Hindustani Prachar Sabha ===

[[Modern Standard Hindi]] and [[Standard Urdu]] are considered literary-[[Variety (linguistics)|varieties]] of a [[Hindustani language|single language called Hindustani]], the former [[Register (sociolinguistics)|register]] being mostly preferred by followers of [[Dharmic religions]] and latter by followers of [[Islam]]. In 1940, the [[All-India Muslim League]] under Jinnah passed the [[Lahore Resolution]] calling for a separate homeland for Muslims.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sreekumar |first1=G. |title=The Official Language: Lessons from Europe |url=https://www.gsreekumar.com/official-language/ |website=A Central Banker's Miscellany |date=16 April 2022}}</ref> Piqued by this, Gandhi established the ''Hindustani Prachar Sabha'' in 1942,<ref>{{cite web |title=इतिहास {{!}} हिन्दुस्तानी प्रचार सभा - Hindustani Prachar Sabha |url=https://hindustanipracharsabha.org/introduction.php |website=hindustanipracharsabha.org}}</ref> as a potential secular replacement to ''Hindi Prachar Sabha'' and unite the people of both religions. But with the [[Partition of India]] in 1947 based on religious lines, Hindi gained prominence in the new [[Dominion of India]] and Urdu gained prominence in the new [[Dominion of Pakistan]], hence ''Hindi Prachar Sabha'' gaining stronger roots in South India. Despite this, Hindustani Prachar Sabha is still operational to date, and was supported in initial decades by prominent leaders like [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], [[Zakir Husain]], etc.

=== Post-independence ===

A landmark in the recent history of the Sabha was the establishment of the National Hindi Research Library built at a cost of {{INR}} 8.5 million, with financial assistance from the [[Government of India]]. Another important landmark is the building of ‘Mahatma Gandhi Convocation Hall’ (Mahatma Gandhi Padavidan Mantap) exclusively for the use of holding the annual convocation and other functions of the Sabha.<ref name=":0" />

== Examinations ==
The examinations conducted are:<ref name="Exams">{{cite web |title=Welcome to Dakshin Bharath Hindi Prachar Sabha {{!}} Examination |url=https://dbhpscentral.org/examination.html |website=dbhpscentral.org |access-date=28 October 2020}}</ref>

* Parichaya
* Prathamic
* Madhyama
* Rashtrabasha
* Praveshika
* Visharadh Poorvardh
* Visharadh Uttarardh
* Praveen Poorvardh
* Praveen Uttarardh

It also conducts examinations in typewriting and shorthand in Hindi.<ref name="Exams"/>

== Organisation ==
The Sabha is divided into four divisions, one each for the states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]] and [[Tamil Nadu]]. The organisation headquarters is at T. Nagar, Chennai. The four regional headquarters are at:

* Andhra Pradesh and Telangana – [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
* Karnataka – [[Dharwad]]
* Kerala – [[Ernakulam]]
* Tamil Nadu – [[Tiruchirappalli]]

== See also ==
{{Portal|India}}

* [[Hindi–Urdu controversy]]
* [[Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu]]
** [[Anti-Hindi agitation of 1937–40]]
* [[Anti-Hindi agitations of Karnataka]]

== External links ==
* [http://pgri.dbhpscentral.co.in/ Official website of the Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226120125/http://pgri.dbhpscentral.co.in/ |date=26 February 2020 }}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Chennai Topics}}
{{Education in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hindi-language education]]
[[Category:Language education in India]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Chennai]]
[[Category:Language advocacy organizations]]
[[Category:1918 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1918]]

K. M. Panikkar

2026-03-24T01:34:23Z

DessiePelloe5: Created Basic Entry Basic Info.

{{Short description|Indian author and diplomat (1895-1963)}}
{{Similar names|Kavalam Narayana Panicker|K. N. Panikkar|Ayyappa Paniker}}
{{family name hatnote|Kavalam|Madhava Panikkar|Indian name|lang=Toponymic}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = Sardar
| name = K. M. Panikkar
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1895|6|3}}
| birth_place = [[Travancore]] (Modern day [[Kerala]], India)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1963|12|10|1895|6|3}}
| death_place = [[Mysore]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
| occupation = Novelist, journalist, historian, administrator, diplomat
| office2 = [[Ambassador of India to China]]
| term2 = 20 May 1950 – 12 September 1952
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 = N. Raghavan
| office1 = [[List of ambassadors of India to Egypt|Ambassador of India to Egypt]]
| predecessor1 = [[Asaf Ali Asghar Fyzee]]
| successor1 = [[Ali Yavar Jung]]
| term1 = 1952–1954
| office = [[List of ambassadors of India to France|Ambassador of India to France]]
| predecessor = [[Hardit Malik]]
| term = 1956–1959
| successor = N. Raghavan
| alma_mater = [[Madras Christian College]] [[University of Oxford]]
}}

'''Kavalam Madhava Panikkar''' (3 June 1895 – 10 December 1963),<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ISFBJarYX7YC&q=Kavalam+Madhava+Panikkar+1895&pg=PA153|title=Students' Britannica India|date=22 April 2018|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=9780852297605|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kavalam-Madhava-Panikkar|title=Kavalam Madhava Panikkar - Indian statesman|date=6 December 2023 }}</ref> popularly known as '''Sardar K. M. Panikkar''', was an Indian statesman and diplomat. He was also a professor, newspaper editor, historian and novelist.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-55219|title=Panikkar, Kavalam Madhava, (1895–10 Dec. 1963), Vice-Chancellor Jammu and Kashmir University, Srinagar, since 1961; Ex-Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha |journal= Who's Who & Who Was Who|year=2007 |doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U55219|isbn=978-0-19-954089-1 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> He was born in [[Travancore]], then a [[princely state]] in the [[British Indian Empire]] and was educated in [[Madras]] and at the [[University of Oxford]].

After a stint as professor at [[Aligarh Muslim University]] and later at [[University of Calcutta]], he became editor of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' in 1925. Later, he was appointed Secretary to the [[Chamber of Princes]], whence he moved to [[Patiala State]] and then to [[Bikaner State]] as Foreign Minister and later became the latter's Prime Minister. When India achieved political independence, Sardar Madhava Panikkar represented the country at the 1947 session of the [[UN General Assembly]]. In 1950, he was appointed Ambassador of India (the first non-Socialist country to recognise People's Republic of China) to [[China]]. After a successful tenure there, he went as Ambassador to [[Egypt]] in 1952. He was appointed a member of the [[States Reorganisation Commission]] set up in 1953. He was also India's Ambassador to France and a member of [[Rajya Sabha]], the upper house of the Indian parliament. He also served as Vice-Chancellor of the [[University of Kashmir]] and the [[University of Mysore]].

==Early life and education==
Madhava Panikkar was born into a [[Nair]] family to Puthillathu Parameswaran Namboodiri and Chalayil Kunjikutti Kunjamma<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/Writers/Profiles/SardarPanikkar/Html/Sardarpanikkargraphy.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413123206/http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/Writers/Profiles/SardarPanikkar/Html/Sardarpanikkargraphy.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-04-13|title=Sardar K.M. Panikkar - Biography|date=2020-04-13|access-date=2020-04-13}}</ref> in the princely state of Travancore in 1895. He completed his basic studies at CMS College School, [[Kottayam]] and St. Paul's School, [[Vepery]], [[Madras]]. Later on he joined [[Madras Christian College]] for intermediate classes. At MCC he was a contemporary of [[Puthezhath Raman Menon]], Nandyelath Padmanabha Menon and Sadasiva Reddy among others. He left for England in April 1914 to read history at [[Christ Church, Oxford|Christ Church]], [[University of Oxford]]. After leaving Oxford, Panikkar read for the bar at the [[Middle Temple]], London.

[[File:Mao Zedong with Kavalam Madhava Panikkar.jpg|thumb|Panikkar presents his credentials to [[Mao Zedong]], {{Circa|1950}}.]]
He was the first president of the [[Kerala Sahitya Academy]]. After his studies, Panikkar travelled to Portugal and Holland to research the involvement of these countries with Malabar, the results of which were published in the books ''Malabar and the Portuguese'' (1929) and ''Malabar and the Dutch'' (1931).
<ref>An Autobiography, K M Panikkar, (Madras: Oxford University Press, 1977)</ref> He was the maternal uncle of the noted poet, dramatist and lyricist [[Kavalam Narayana Panicker]].

==Career==
On returning to India, he first taught at the [[Aligarh Muslim University]] and later at the [[University of Calcutta]]. He turned to journalism in 1925 as editor of the ''[[Hindustan Times]]''.
[[File:Zhou_Enlai,_Vijaya_Lakshmi_Pandit_and_Kavalam_Madhava_Panikkar.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|Panikkar (left) with [[Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit]] and [[Zhou Enlai]].]]
For the next 20 years, Madhava Panikkar served the Princely States, becoming secretary to the chancellor of the [[Chamber of Princes]]. He also served as the foreign minister of the state of [[Patiala]] and as foreign minister of [[Bikaner]], and became the [[dewan]] of Bikaner in 1944. He served in China until 1952, building a relationship with [[Chiang Kai-shek]], and remaining there through the Communist takeover in 1949 and the following period. He wrote of his experiences in the book ''In Two Chinas'' (1955). This period also saw the completion of his work ''Asia and Western Dominance'' (1953).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pauker |first=Guy J. |date=1954 |title=Panikkarism, the Highest Stage of Opportunism |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/world-politics/article/abs/panikkarism-the-highest-stage-of-opportunism/E771129BA4FC8B51845A014EDB54BF2E |journal=World Politics |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=157–177 |doi=10.2307/2009174 |jstor=2009174 |s2cid=147228542 |issn=1086-3338|url-access=subscription }}</ref> He subsequently served as ambassador to Egypt (1952–1953), and France (1956–1959), before a severe stroke forced him to return to India. He remained nominated member of [[Rajya Sabha]] (1959-1961).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Park|first=Richard L.|date=1957|title=Review of The Indian Heritage.; Hindu Society at Cross Roads.|journal=The Journal of Asian Studies|volume=16|issue=3|pages=462–464|doi=10.2307/2941258|jstor=2941258|s2cid=162640384 |issn=0021-9118|doi-access=free}}</ref> On recovering, he took up his academic career again, becoming Vice-Chancellor of Jammu and [[Kashmir University]] (1961-1963), Srinagar and later of [[Mysore University]] (1963-1964). During his political career Panikkar continued to publish articles and poems, and also translated several Greek plays into [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] verse.

==Academics and scholarship==
Early on Madhava Panikkar had cultivated an interest in [[Malayalam literature]], and was a lifelong friend of the poet [[Vallathol Narayana Menon]]. He published scholarly works extensively and worked on ancient Indian history and more recent historical developments. [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]] historian Arthur Hassall wrote that in his "long career as tutor of history at Christ Church" he had "never had a more brilliant student." Madhava Panikkar's interests stretched into diverse fields such as, art, notably novels, poetry and [[Kathakali]] and he wrote equally well in both Malayalam and English and published over 50 books and numerous articles.

Madhava Panikkar's interest in European influence on Asia was reflected in his studies of the Portuguese and the Dutch in Malabar (in South India) and especially in his ''Asia and Western Dominance'' (1953). ''In Two Chinas'' (1955) revealed his sympathy with [[China|Communist China]].

==Bibliography==
Notable works in English:

*1920: ''Essays on Educational Reconstruction in India''
*1922: ''Sri Harsha of Kanauj: a monograph on the history of India in the first half of the 7th century A. D.''
*1923: ''Indian Nationalism: its origin, history, and ideals''
*1928: ''The Working of Dyarchy in India, 1919–1928''
*1929: ''The Evolution of British Policy towards Indian States, 1774–1858''
*1929: ''Malabar and the Portuguese: being a history of the relations of the Portuguese with Malabar from 1500 to 1663''
*1930: ''The Founding of the Kashmir State: a biography of Maharajah [[Gulab Singh]], 1792–1858''
*1930: ''Federal India''
*1932: ''Indian States and the Government of India''
*1934: ''The New Empire: letters to a Conservative Member of Parliament on the future of England and India''
*1936: ''The Indian Princes in Council: a record of the chancellorship of His Highness, the Maharaja of [[Patiala]], 1926–1931 and 1933–1936''
*1937: ''His Highness the Maharaja of [[Bikaner]]: a biography''
*1938: ''[https://archive.org/details/HinduismPanikkar Hinduism and the modern world]''
*1942: ''The States and the Constitutional Settlement''
*1943: ''Indian States''
*1944: ''The Strategic Problems of the Indian Ocean''
*1945: ''India and the Indian Ocean: an essay on the influence of sea power on Indian history''
*1947: ''India through the Ages''
*1953: ''Asia and Western Dominance: a survey of the [[Vasco Da Gama]] epoch of Asian history, 1498–1945''
*1954: ''A Survey of Indian History''
*1954: ''In Two Chinas: memoirs of a diplomat''
*1956: ''The Principles and Practice of Diplomacy''
*1957: ''Voice of Truth, a topical symposium: replies to attacks on Christians and missionaries in India''
*1957: ''India and China: a study of cultural relations''
*1958: ''The Determining Periods of Indian History''
*1960: ''A History of Kerala, 1498–1801''
*1960: ''The State and the Citizen''
*1961: ''Hindu Society at Cross Roads''
*1961: ''Essential Features of India Culture''
*1962: ''In Defence of Liberalism''
*1963: ''Studies in Indian History''
*1963: ''The Ideas of Sovereignty and State in Indian Political Thought''
*1963: ''The Foundations of New India''
*1963: ''The [[Himalayas]] in Indian Life''
*1964: ''A Survey of Indian History''
*1964: ''[[Hinduism]] & the West: a study in challenge and response''
*1964: ''The Serpent and the Crescent: a history of the Negro empires of western Africa''
*1965: ''Lectures on India's Contact with the World in the pre-British Period''
*1966: ''The Twentieth Century''
*1967: ''Caste and Democracy & Prospects of Democracy in India''
*1969: ''Geographical Factors in Indian History''
*1977: ''An Autobiography''

==See also==
*[[Navtej Sarna]]
*[[Taranjit Singh Sandhu]]
*[[Harsh Vardhan Shringla]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
*[http://www.tamilnation.org/sathyam/east/hinduism/hindureformation.htm The Hindu Reformation K. M. Panikkar]
*[http://www.tamilnation.org/books/Politics/pannikar.htm The Principle and Practices of Diplomacy K. M. Panikkar]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041130154240/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2004/05/09/stories/2004050900160300.htm A tribute to smaller states] at ''The Hindu''
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160828120334/http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/Profiles/SardarPanikkar/Html/Sardarpanikkargraphy.htm Sardar K. M. Panikkar biography] at the [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] {{in lang|ml}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=Sire Mal Bapna}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Bikaner State#Dewans 2|Dewan of Bikaner State]]|years=1944 - 1948}}
{{s-aft|after=Kanwar Jaswant Singh}}
{{s-dip}}
{{s-bef|before=Mission established}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ambassador of India to China]]|years=1950 - 1952}}
{{s-aft|after= N. Raghavan}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Asaf Ali Asghar Fyzee]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of ambassadors of India to Egypt|Ambassador of India to Egypt]]|years=1952 - 1954}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ali Yavar Jung]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Hardit Malik]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ambassador of India to France]]|years=1956 - 1959}}
{{s-aft|after= N. Raghavan}}
{{s-end}}

{{Indian civil servants}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panikkar, K. M.}}
[[Category:1895 births]]
[[Category:1963 deaths]]
[[Category:Administrators in the princely states of India]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Calcutta]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Egypt]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to China]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to France]]
[[Category:Historians of India]]
[[Category:Indian barristers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:Indian dewans]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Mysore]]
[[Category:Nominated members of the Rajya Sabha]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Aligarh Muslim University]]
[[Category:Scientists from Kerala]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:People from the Kingdom of Travancore]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Kerala]]
[[Category:People from Kottayam district]]
[[Category:CMS College Kottayam alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Kashmir]]

Raees (2017 film)

2026-03-16T20:36:29Z

DessiePelloe5: add page per standard format

{{short description|2017 Indian film directed by Anila Islam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}

{{Infobox film
| name = Raees
| image = Raees film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Rahul Dholakia]]
| producer = {{Plainlist|
*[[Ritesh Sidhwani]]
*[[Farhan Akhtar]]
*[[Gauri Khan]]
}}
| writer = {{Plainlist|
*Rahul Dholakia
*Harit Mehta
*Ashish Vashi
*Niraj Shukla
}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*[[Shah Rukh Khan]]
*[[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]]
*[[Mahira Khan]]
}}
| music = [[Ram Sampath]]
| cinematography = [[K. U. Mohanan]]
| editing = [[Deepa Bhatia ]]
| studio = [[Red Chillies Entertainment]] [[Excel Entertainment]]
| distributor = [[AA Films]] [[Zee Studios International]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2017|1|25|ref1=<ref name="Release date" />}}
| runtime = 143 minutes<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/srks-142-minute-long-raees-awaiting-censor-certification/articleshow/56621275.cms |title=SRK's 142-minute-long 'Raees' awaiting censor certification |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=22 January 2017 |archive-date=8 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208062647/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/srks-142-minute-long-raees-awaiting-censor-certification/articleshow/56621275.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-ua-and-6-cuts-certification-report-of-shah-rukh-khan-s-raees-out-2294211 |title=UA and 6 cuts: Certification report of Shah Rukh Khan's 'Raees' out! |work=Daily News and Analysis |access-date=22 January 2017 |archive-date=15 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215045004/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-ua-and-6-cuts-certification-report-of-shah-rukh-khan-s-raees-out-2294211 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR}}87 crore<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-understanding-economics-raees-130-crores-profit-shah-rukh-khans-remuneration/ |title=Understanding the economics of Raees, 130 crores profit and Shah Rukh Khan's remuneration |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=13 February 2017 |access-date=21 July 2020 |archive-date=2 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402042418/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-understanding-economics-raees-130-crores-profit-shah-rukh-khans-remuneration/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| gross = {{estimation}} {{INR}}281 crore<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/raees-2/box-office/ |title=Raees Box Office |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=25 January 2017 |access-date=28 April 2023 |archive-date=25 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225181926/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/raees-2/box-office/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
'''''Raees''''' ({{Translation|Rich}}) is a 2017 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Gangster film|gangster]] [[action film]] directed by [[Rahul Dholakia]] and produced by [[Ritesh Sidhwani]], [[Farhan Akhtar]], and [[Gauri Khan]] under [[Excel Entertainment]] and [[Red Chillies Entertainment]]. The film stars [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]], and [[Mahira Khan]] in her only Hindi acting credit. The film was reported to be based on the life of criminal [[Abdul Latif (criminal)|Abdul Latif]], however the makers have denied this claim.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/raees-is-shah-rukh-khans-character-inspired-by-gangster-abdul-latif-makers-say-no-4424421/ |title=Raees: Is Shah Rukh Khan' character inspired by gangster Abdul Latif? Makers say no |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=13 December 2016 |access-date=13 December 2016 |archive-date=2 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802105924/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/raees-is-shah-rukh-khans-character-inspired-by-gangster-abdul-latif-makers-say-no-4424421/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://thereel.scroll.in/823545/raees-claims-it-isnt-about-abdul-latif-but-who-was-he-for-one-thing-he-almost-killed-dawood |title='Raees' claims it isn't about Abdul Latif, but who was he? For one thing, he almost killed Dawood |work=Scroll.in |access-date=8 December 2016 |archive-date=8 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108093737/http://thereel.scroll.in/823545/raees-claims-it-isnt-about-abdul-latif-but-who-was-he-for-one-thing-he-almost-killed-dawood |url-status=live }}</ref> The film's soundtrack was composed by [[Ram Sampath]], which received over 1.6 billion streams on [[YouTube]].<ref name="youtube">{{cite web |title=Raees |url=https://www.youtube.com/user/zeemusiccompany/search?query=Raees |website=[[YouTube]] |publisher=[[Zee Music Company]] |access-date=22 October 2018 |archive-date=8 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808071038/https://www.youtube.com/user/zeemusiccompany/search?query=Raees |url-status=live }}</ref>

''Raess'' was released on 25 January 2017, coinciding with the [[Indian Republic Day]], and received positive reviews from critics who praised the performances of Khan and Siddiqui, production design, cinematography, and visual effects.<ref name="Release date">{{cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-breaking-now-shah-rukh-khan-s-raees-also-changes-release-date-2280544 |title=Raees release date |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=7 December 2016 |access-date=7 December 2016 |archive-date=7 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207222243/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-breaking-now-shah-rukh-khan-s-raees-also-changes-release-date-2280544 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film emerged as a moderate success at the box-office, becoming the [[List of Hindi films of 2017|6th highest-grossing Hindi film of 2017]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raees |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3460/ |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref> It was also the most [[Film piracy|pirated]] Hindi film of 2017.<ref name="hindu">{{cite news |last1=Joshi |first1=Namrata |title=Shah Rukh Khan's 'Raaes' is 2017's most pirated film |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/raees-kaabil-most-pirated-hindi-films-of-2017/article22449501.ece |access-date=7 February 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=16 January 2018 |language=en-IN |archive-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104080827/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/raees-kaabil-most-pirated-hindi-films-of-2017/article22449501.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

At the [[63rd Filmfare Awards]], the film received five nominations, including [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] (Khan).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-01-23 |title=63rd Jio Filmfare Awards 2018: Official list of nominations |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/heres-the-official-list-of-nominations-for-63rd-jio-filmfare-awards-2018/articleshow/62554021.cms |access-date=2024-08-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Plot ==
In the 1960s in [[Fatehpur, Gujarat]], ''Raees'', a resourceful young boy, becomes involved in the illegal [[liquor]] trade. Guided by his mother’s belief that no occupation is inherently low, he begins working with his friend Sadiq for local gangster Jairaj. Raees soon proves his intelligence in smuggling operations and rises within the network. Eventually, he breaks away from Jairaj with the support of crime boss Musabhai and establishes his own liquor business, gaining influence in the community and political backing from both the state’s Chief Minister and opposition leader Pashabhai.

An honest police officer, [[Assistant commissioner of police|ACP]] Majmudar, is transferred to Fatehpur and begins a crackdown on the liquor trade, targeting Raees. Despite repeated attempts, Raees continues to evade arrest, intensifying their rivalry. After surviving an assassination attempt by Jairaj, Raees kills him in retaliation. During this time, he marries his neighbour Aasiya, and the couple have a son.

Using his political connections, Raees arranges for Majmudar’s transfer and expands into a real-estate project. However, Majmudar continues to secretly monitor his activities. After a dispute with Pashabhai, Raees is briefly imprisoned as part of a political maneuver. Feeling betrayed when the Chief Minister and Pashabhai form an alliance, Raees enters local politics and wins an election with strong community support.

Seeing him as a threat, the [[Chief minister|Chief Minister]] reinstates Majmudar in Fatehpur and declares Raees’s real-estate project illegal, leaving him heavily indebted to his supporters. Facing financial ruin and business losses during communal unrest and curfews, Raees turns to Musabhai for help and agrees to smuggle gold. He later discovers that the operation was used to smuggle explosives involved in a series of bombings across India.

Devastated after many of his associates are arrested or killed, Raees confronts and kills Musabhai for using him in the plot. He then surrenders to Majmudar, aware of his fate. After reflecting on their long rivalry, Majmudar shoots Raees. As he dies, Raees recalls moments from his life and his mother’s teachings.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Shah Rukh Khan]] as Raees Alam, a gangster-turned-[[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]]
** Shubham Chintamani as young Raees
*[[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]] as [[Assistant Commissioner of Police|ACP]] Jaideep Ambalal Majmudar, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
*[[Mahira Khan]] as Aasiya Qazi Alam, Raees's wife
*[[Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub]] as Sadiq Khan, Raees's friend
** Shubham Tukaram as young Sadiq
*[[Sheeba Chaddha]] as Amina Hussain Alam, Raees' mother
*[[Atul Kulkarni]] as Jairaj Seth
*[[Narendra Jha]] as Musa Bhai
*[[Jaideep Ahlawat]] as Nawab, Musabhai's assistant
*[[Uday Tikekar]] as Pasha Bhai, Opposition leader
*[[Nalneesh Neel]] as Lalji
*Pramod Pathak as [[Chief Minister of Gujarat]]
*Utkarsh Mazumdar as Dr. Sanjanwala, eye specialist
*Bimal Trivedi as Narol Chowkdi truck driver
*Sunil Upadhyay as Taufiq
*Fareed Arif as Eijaz
*[[Raj Arjun]] as Ilyas
*[[Anil Charanjeett]] as Qasim Mechanic
*[[Suparna Marwah]] as Aasiya's mother
*[[Shahnawaz Pradhan]] as Ujjwalbhai
*Sanjay Gurbaxani as Commissioner
*Pranay Narayan as Ramnikbhai, Jairaj's assistant
*[[Sunny Leone]] as an [[item girl]] in the [[song]] ''Laila Main Laila''
}}

== Production ==
[[Principal photography]] began in April 2015.<ref name="raees">{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-shoot-of-shah-rukh-khan-mahira-khan-starrer-raees-begins-2077976 |title=Shoot of Shah Rukh starrer 'Raees' begins! |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=16 April 2015 |access-date=22 April 2015 |archive-date=19 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419095329/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-shoot-of-shah-rukh-khan-mahira-khan-starrer-raees-begins-2077976 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was primarily shot in [[Mumbai]], where sets were redesigned to recreate the [[Slum|slums]] of [[Ahmedabad]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-mahira-khan-shoot-for-raees-in-mumbai/ |title=SRK, Mahira Khan shoot for Raees with in Mumbai |date=26 February 2016 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=1 April 2016 |archive-date=31 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331001115/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-mahira-khan-shoot-for-raees-in-mumbai/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/14989837/A-never-seen-before-Shah-Rukh-Khan-in-Raees |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626033238/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/14989837/A-never-seen-before-Shah-Rukh-Khan-in-Raees |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 June 2015 |title=A never seen before Shah Rukh Khan in Raees |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |author=Subhash K. Jha |date=22 June 2015|author-link=Subhash K. Jha}}</ref> The final shooting schedule took place in [[Gujarat]] in January 2016.<ref name="srklook">{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/we-are-working-on-shah-rukh-khans-look-accent-for-raees-rahul-dholakia/ |title=Shah Rukh Khan's look & accent for Raees |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=21 February 2015 |access-date=24 December 2015 |author=Subhash K. Jha |author-link=Subhash K. Jha |archive-date=26 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026081309/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/we-are-working-on-shah-rukh-khans-look-accent-for-raees-rahul-dholakia/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Despite protests, filming continued in [[Bhuj]] between January and February 2016 without major disruptions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/revealed-mahira-khans-look-in-shah-rukh-khan-starrer-raees/ |title=Shah Rukh Khan, Mahira Khan's look from Raees revealed |date=16 February 2016 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/nawazuddin-siddiqui-look-shah-rukh-khan-in-raees/ |title=Revealed: Nawazuddin Siddiqui's look from 'Raees' |date=15 February 2016 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=16 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216092616/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/nawazuddin-siddiqui-look-shah-rukh-khan-in-raees/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-good-news-for-shah-rukh-khan-fans-despite-protests-in-bhuj-raees-shooting-not-disrupted-2174032 |title=Despite protests in Bhuj, 'Raees' shooting not disrupted! |date=4 February 2016 |work=Daily News and Analysis |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=7 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207224544/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-good-news-for-shah-rukh-khan-fans-despite-protests-in-bhuj-raees-shooting-not-disrupted-2174032 |url-status=live }}</ref> The production also faced a clearance issue with the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] regarding permission to film at [[Sarkhej Roza]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ASI-stops-Shah-Rukh-Khans-Raees-shoot-in-Ahmedabad/articleshow/50975134.cms |title=ASI stops Shah Rukh Khan's 'Raees' shoot in Ahmedabad |work=The Times of India |date=13 February 2016 |access-date=1 April 2016 |archive-date=5 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305092931/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ASI-stops-Shah-Rukh-Khans-Raees-shoot-in-Ahmedabad/articleshow/50975134.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/9727 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216093419/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/9727 |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 February 2016 |title=Shah Rukh Khan attacked by VHP activists during Raees shoot in Ahmedabad |work=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=1 April 2016}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Main|Raees (soundtrack)}}

[[Ram Sampath]] composed the film score and songs. The [[Raees (soundtrack)|soundtrack of the film]] was released by [[Zee Music Company]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/zee-music-acquires-rights-of-excel-entertainments-full-slate-including-raees/ |title=Zee Music acquires rights of Excel Entertainment's full slate including Raees |date=1 September 2015 |work=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=16 December 2016 |archive-date=20 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220165623/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/zee-music-acquires-rights-of-excel-entertainments-full-slate-including-raees/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The song "Laila Main Laila" from the 1980 film ''[[Qurbani (film)|Qurbani]]'' was written by [[Indeevar]], and was originally composed by [[Kalyanji–Anandji]], sung by Kanchan, [[Amit Kumar (singer)|Amit Kumar]], Chorus, was recreated for the film by composer [[Ram Sampath]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/exclusive-raees-song-laila-o-laila-sunny-leone-sizzles-in-the-remixed-version-4432793/ |title=EXCLUSIVE Raees song Laila Main Laila: As Sunny Leone sizzles, there is gangster avatar of Shah Rukh Khan too |publisher=Sonup Sahadevan |date=18 December 2016 |newspaper=The Indian Express |access-date=18 December 2016 |archive-date=8 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808070936/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/exclusive-raees-song-laila-o-laila-sunny-leone-sizzles-in-the-remixed-version-4432793/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Additional lyrics were written by [[Javed Akhtar]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sunny-leone-sizzles-in-laila-main-laila-from-raees/story-vQP7HqZZMtGjBNDBZ7d6zM.html |title=Sunny Leone sizzles in Laila Main Laila from Raees |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=22 December 2016 |access-date=5 January 2017 |archive-date=6 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106011127/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sunny-leone-sizzles-in-laila-main-laila-from-raees/story-vQP7HqZZMtGjBNDBZ7d6zM.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

As of October 2018, the soundtrack has received over 800{{nbsp}}million streams on [[YouTube]].<ref name="youtube" />

== Marketing and release ==
''Raees'' was promoted on several television shows, including [[The Kapil Sharma Show]] and [[Bigg Boss]], and was also promoted in [[Dubai]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/raees-on-kapil-sharma-show-see-pics-of-shah-rukh-khan-nawazuddin/story-LoDNMIrEA5eZs8AhnLex4I.html |title=Raees on Kapil Sharma Show: See pics of Shah Rukh Khan, Nawazuddin |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=18 January 2017 |access-date=24 January 2017 |archive-date=23 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123152838/http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/raees-on-kapil-sharma-show-see-pics-of-shah-rukh-khan-nawazuddin/story-LoDNMIrEA5eZs8AhnLex4I.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-10/bigg-boss-10-22nd-january-2017-written-update-shah-rukh-khan-sunny-leone-promote-raees-on-salman-khans-show-4487196/ |title=Bigg Boss 10, 22nd January 2017 written update: SRK, Sunny Leone promote Raees on Salman Khan's show |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=23 January 2017 |access-date=24 January 2017 |archive-date=25 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125153200/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-10/bigg-boss-10-22nd-january-2017-written-update-shah-rukh-khan-sunny-leone-promote-raees-on-salman-khans-show-4487196/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://gulfnews.com/life-style/celebrity/desi-news/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-lands-at-bollywood-parks-dubai-for-raees-1.1965494 |title=Shah Rukh Khan lands at Bollywood Parks Dubai for 'Raees' |newspaper=[[Gulf News]] |date=21 January 2017 |access-date=24 January 2017 |archive-date=23 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123225051/http://gulfnews.com/life-style/celebrity/desi-news/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-lands-at-bollywood-parks-dubai-for-raees-1.1965494 |url-status=live }}</ref> Shah Rukh Khan and Sunny Leone also undertook a promotional train journey on the [[August Kranti Rajdhani Express]] from [[Mumbai]] to [[Delhi]] on 23–24 January 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title='Raees' rail ride: Sunny Leone shocked by the fan frenzy at Vadodara station |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/raees-rail-ride-sunny-leone-shocked-by-the-fan-frenzy-at-vadodara-station/articleshow/56742559.cms |access-date=24 January 2017 |archive-date=8 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208050949/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/raees-rail-ride-sunny-leone-shocked-by-the-fan-frenzy-at-vadodara-station/articleshow/56742559.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

''Raees'' was initially scheduled for release on 6 July 2016, coinciding with [[Eid al-Fitr|Eid]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/shah-rukh-khans-raees-to-release-on-eid-2016/articleshow/46580590.cms |title=Raees to release on Eid 2016 |date=16 March 2015 |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |access-date=7 December 2016 |archive-date=3 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803190346/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/shah-rukh-khans-raees-to-release-on-eid-2016/articleshow/46580590.cms |url-status=dead }}</ref> However, the release was postponed to avoid a box-office clash with ''[[Sultan (2016 film)|Sultan]]'', starring [[Salman Khan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shah-rukh-khans-raees-to-release-in-january-2017-wont-clash-with-salman-khans-sultan-2783882/ |title=Shah Rukh Khan's Raees to release in January 2017, won't clash with Salman's Sultan |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=5 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |archive-date=3 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803211616/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shah-rukh-khans-raees-to-release-in-january-2017-wont-clash-with-salman-khans-sultan-2783882/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was later rescheduled for 26 January 2017, coinciding with India’s [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]], which resulted in a clash with ''[[Kaabil]]'', starring [[Hrithik Roshan]]. Both films were subsequently preponed by a day and released on 25 January 2017.<ref name="Release date" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-prepones-raees-release-will-now-clash-hrithik-roshans-kaabil/ |title=Shah Rukh Khan prepones Raees release, will now clash with Hrithik Roshan's Kaabil again |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=7 December 2016 |access-date=8 December 2016 |archive-date=8 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161208002210/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-prepones-raees-release-will-now-clash-hrithik-roshans-kaabil/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Raees'' was released on approximately 3,500 screens worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.jagran.com/lifestyle-entertainment-raees-vs-kaabil-srk-gets-bumper-opening-hrithik-loses-box-office-race-176079 |title=Raees Vs Kaabil: SRK Gets Bumper Opening, Hrithik Loses Box Office Race |publisher=[[Dainik Jagran]] |access-date=27 January 2017 |archive-date=3 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103055649/http://english.jagran.com/lifestyle-entertainment-raees-vs-kaabil-srk-gets-bumper-opening-hrithik-loses-box-office-race-176079 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Controversies ==
In March 2016, a legal notice was reportedly sent by Mustak Ahmed, the son of alleged gangster [[Abdul Latif (criminal)|Abdul Latif]], questioning why a film was being made based on his father's life.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Shah-Rukh-Khan-in-a-legal-soup-yet-again/articleshow/51221861.cms |title=Shah Rukh Khan in a legal soup yet again |date=2 March 2016 |work=The Times of India |access-date=1 April 2016 |archive-date=5 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305221357/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Shah-Rukh-Khan-in-a-legal-soup-yet-again/articleshow/51221861.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Ankita Shorey]] was reportedly considered for the female lead role in the film before the part was eventually given to [[Mahira Khan]]. Shorey later stated that the decision was not related to nationality.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood-this-actress-was-the-first-choice-for-srk-s-raees-before-mahira-khan-354439?tw |title=Initial choice for the female lead of the film |date=30 October 2016 |work=India TV |access-date=30 October 2016 |archive-date=30 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030202004/http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood-this-actress-was-the-first-choice-for-srk-s-raees-before-mahira-khan-354439?tw |url-status=live }}</ref> Some media reports claimed that Shorey had been “replaced” and described her as having been “part of the project.” However, Shorey clarified that she had never referred to being “replaced” and that the phrase used in her interview was that she had been “strongly considered for the project.” The journalist who conducted the interview later issued an apology for the misquotation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/latest-hindi-movie-news-bollywood-movies-news-updates/bollywood/bollywood-news/Ankita-Shorey-I-am-not-a-part-of-Raees/articleshow/55152964.cms |title=Ankita Shorey: I am not a part of 'Raees'! |work=The Times of India |date=31 October 2016 |access-date=31 October 2016 |archive-date=3 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161103084128/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/latest-hindi-movie-news-bollywood-movies-news-updates/bollywood/bollywood-news/Ankita-Shorey-I-am-not-a-part-of-Raees/articleshow/55152964.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Farhan Akhtar]] stated that if the film had been produced after the terror attack, the makers would not have cast Mahira Khan. He added that expressions of solidarity with the [[Indian Army]] were a personal matter and that only the Indian government had the authority to provide guidance on such issues, rather than external groups.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/011116/mahira-khan-stays-says-farhan-akhtar.html |title=Mahira Khan stays |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=1 November 2016 |access-date=1 November 2016 |archive-date=1 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101122513/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/011116/mahira-khan-stays-says-farhan-akhtar.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The trailer drew criticism from [[Shia muslims]] over a scene in which [[Shah Rukh Khan]] is shown crossing in front of an [[alam]], a symbol regarded as sacred in Shia Islam. The trailer was later re-edited, and the scene was removed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Raees trailer runs into trouble with Shia community |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1264097/raees-trouble-shia-community-pledges-boycott-film
|website=The Express Tribune |date=15 December 2016}}</ref>

On 11 January 2017, it was reported that [[Shiv Sena]] again demanded a ban on the film. They had reportedly threatened cinema owners in [[Chhattisgarh]] not to screen the film.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/raees-shiv-sena-wants-shah-rukh-khan-film-banned-in-chhattisgarh-issues-threat-letter-4469234/ |title=Raees: Shiv Sena wants Shah Rukh Khan's film banned in Chhattisgarh, issues threat letter |work=The Indian Express |publisher=Sonup Sahadevan |access-date=11 January 2017 |archive-date=8 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808070936/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/raees-shiv-sena-wants-shah-rukh-khan-film-banned-in-chhattisgarh-issues-threat-letter-4469234/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Three days before the release of the film, [[Kailash Vijayvargiya]], National General Secretary of [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]], termed ''Raees'' as "dishonest" and "anti-national" film, while termed ''[[Kaabil]]'' as "Patriotic" film; he had stated in 2015 that Shah Rukh Khan was a defector and had not reacted to the [[1993 Bombay bombings]] or [[2008 Mumbai attacks]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/raees-vs-kaabil-bjp-leader-kailash-vijayvargiya-hits-out-at-shah-rukh-khan-supports-hrithik-roshan-see-pic-4486464/ |title=Raees vs Kaabil: BJP leader Kailash Vijayvargiya targets Shah Rukh Khan, supports Hrithik Roshan. See pic |work=The Indian Express |date=22 January 2017 |access-date=22 January 2017 |archive-date=23 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123075437/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/raees-vs-kaabil-bjp-leader-kailash-vijayvargiya-hits-out-at-shah-rukh-khan-supports-hrithik-roshan-see-pic-4486464/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The film is banned in [[Pakistan]] due to its "objectionable content" by [[Central Board of Film Censors]], the regulatory body and censorship board of Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://images.dawn.com/news/1177057/ |title=Raees will not release in Pakistan, says the censor board |date=6 February 2017 |access-date=7 February 2017 |work=Dawn |publisher=Sanaullah Khan |archive-date=4 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170604020912/https://images.dawn.com/news/1177057 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== MNS opposition and Pakistani actor controversy ===
Following the [[2016 Uri attack]], the [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]] (MNS) called for a ban on films featuring Pakistani actors, stating that such actors had not publicly condemned terrorism.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/celebs/pakistani-artists-refused-to-condemn-uri-attacks-when-asked-claims-zee-chairman-262618.html |title=Pakistani Artists Refused To Condemn Uri Attacks |work=The Times of India |date=29 September 2016 |access-date=29 October 2016 |archive-date=29 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029044109/http://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/celebs/pakistani-artists-refused-to-condemn-uri-attacks-when-asked-claims-zee-chairman-262618.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Raees'' was included on the list because it featured Pakistani actress Mahira Khan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/latest-hindi-movie-news-bollywood-movies-news-updates/bollywood/news/Raees-star-Mahira-Khan-reacts-to-ban-on-Pakistani-artistes-in-India/articleshow/54638940.cms |title=Ban on Pakistani artistes |work=The Times of India |date=2 October 2016 |access-date=28 October 2016 |archive-date=5 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005080207/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/latest-hindi-movie-news-bollywood-movies-news-updates/bollywood/news/Raees-star-Mahira-Khan-reacts-to-ban-on-Pakistani-artistes-in-India/articleshow/54638940.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/mahira-khan-subtly-reacts-on-banning-of-pakistani-artistes-in-india-3061609/ |title=Mahira Khan reacts on the ban |date=2 October 2016 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=28 October 2016 |archive-date=29 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029045146/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/mahira-khan-subtly-reacts-on-banning-of-pakistani-artistes-in-india-3061609/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The MNS initially proposed that producers should refrain from casting Pakistani artists in future films and make a financial contribution to the Indian Army welfare fund as a condition for lifting the ban. However, the [[Indian Army]] reportedly declined the proposed contribution, stating that the sacrifices of soldiers should not be politicised.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ae-dil-hai-mushkil-producers-promise-not-to-work-with-pak-actors-again-1477599 |title=The sacrifices of the armed forces shouldn't be politicised |date=23 October 2016 |work=NDTV |access-date=29 October 2016 |archive-date=29 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029174357/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ae-dil-hai-mushkil-producers-promise-not-to-work-with-pak-actors-again-1477599 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/karan-johar-mns-deal-has-set-a-terrible-precedent-pakistani-actors-farhan-akhtar-3104881/ |title=A terrible precedent |date=27 October 2016 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=29 October 2016 |archive-date=28 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028215010/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/karan-johar-mns-deal-has-set-a-terrible-precedent-pakistani-actors-farhan-akhtar-3104881/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The ban on ''Raees'' was later lifted without these conditions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/mns-wont-oppose-shah-rukh-khans-raees-and-dear-zindagi-3097289/ |title=MNS won't oppose Raees |date=23 October 2016 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=29 October 2016 |archive-date=28 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028011106/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/mns-wont-oppose-shah-rukh-khans-raees-and-dear-zindagi-3097289/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Film producer Farhan Akhtar later stated that he had received threats from the MNS and clarified that he would not make a ₹5 crore contribution to the Indian Army welfare fund.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/2016/10/28/theres-no-question-of-paying-rs-5-crore-for-raees-farhan-akhtar-mns-raj-thackeray-indian-army-srk-karan-johar |title=There's No Question Of Paying Rs 5 Crore For Raees: Farhan Akhtar |date=28 October 2016 |work=The Quint |access-date=29 October 2016 |archive-date=29 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029175506/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/2016/10/28/theres-no-question-of-paying-rs-5-crore-for-raees-farhan-akhtar-mns-raj-thackeray-indian-army-srk-karan-johar |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/latest-hindi-movie-news-bollywood-movies-news-updates/bollywood/bollywood-news/MNS-threatens-Farhan-Akhtar-for-refusing-to-pay-Rs-5-crore/articleshow/55138678.cms |title=MNS threatens Farhan Akhtar |work=The Times of India |date=30 October 2016 |access-date=30 October 2016 |archive-date=2 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161102150859/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/latest-hindi-movie-news-bollywood-movies-news-updates/bollywood/bollywood-news/MNS-threatens-Farhan-Akhtar-for-refusing-to-pay-Rs-5-crore/articleshow/55138678.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Maharashtra Chief Minister]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]] later stated that such a contribution had never been a mandatory condition for lifting the ban on films featuring Pakistani actors. At a separate event, he referred to Shah Rukh Khan as an “icon” and described him as a “proud [[Mumbai|Mumbaikar]]”.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/latest-hindi-movie-news-bollywood-movies-news-updates/bollywood/bollywood-news/Chief-Minister-Devendra-Fadnavis-Rs-5-crore-to-Army-welfare-fund-never-decided-at-meeting/articleshow/55138281.cms?slideshow=51368222&slide=51368231#16 |title=CM Devendra Fadnavis: ₹5 crore to Army Welfare fund never decided at meeting |work=The Times of India |date=30 October 2016 |access-date=30 October 2016 |archive-date=27 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127224020/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/latest-hindi-movie-news-bollywood-movies-news-updates/bollywood/bollywood-news/Chief-Minister-Devendra-Fadnavis-Rs-5-crore-to-Army-welfare-fund-never-decided-at-meeting/articleshow/55138281.cms?slideshow=51368222&slide=51368231#16 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In December 2016, Shah Rukh Khan met MNS president [[Raj Thackeray]] and assured him that Mahira Khan would not travel to India to promote the film. He also stated that he would refrain from working with Pakistani actors in his future film projects.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/not-bringing-mahira-khan-to-india-will-not-work-with-any-pak-actors-in-future-shah-rukh-khan-promises-raj-thackeray-4422193/ |title=Actor Shah Rukh Khan meets Raj Thackeray over Raees|date=12 December 2016 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/opinion-entertainment/raees-dear-shah-rukh-khan-you-did-nothing-wrong-by-meeting-raj-thackeray-4424347/ |title=Dear Shah Rukh Khan, you did nothing wrong by meeting Raj Thackeray for Raees |work=The Indian Express |publisher=Sonup Sahadevan |date=13 December 2016 |access-date=13 December 2016 |archive-date=13 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213043656/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/opinion-entertainment/raees-dear-shah-rukh-khan-you-did-nothing-wrong-by-meeting-raj-thackeray-4424347/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Stampede incident ===
During a promotional event, a stampede occurred at the railway platform in [[Vadodara]] when the train carrying [[Shah Rukh Khan]] departed after a long halt amid a large crowd. A fan, Farid Khan Sherani, a member of the [[Samajwadi Party]], died in hospital following the incident, and several others were injured.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-raees-promotion-vadodara-railway-platform-fan-dead-injured-4488359/ |title=Vadodara: Shah Rukh Khan rides train to promote Raees; one dead |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=24 January 2017 |access-date=24 January 2017 |archive-date=24 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170124081213/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-raees-promotion-vadodara-railway-platform-fan-dead-injured-4488359/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Shah Rukh Khan later expressed condolences over the fan’s death.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-raees-train-condoles-death-of-man-who-died-in-vadodara-see-pics-video-4488962/ |title=Shah Rukh Khan condoles fan's death during Raees frenzy at Vadodara railway station, watch video |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=24 January 2017 |access-date=24 January 2017 |archive-date=26 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126154852/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-raees-train-condoles-death-of-man-who-died-in-vadodara-see-pics-video-4488962/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Reception ==

=== Critical response ===

==== India ====
[[Taran Adarsh]] of [[Bollywood Hungama|''Bollywood Hungama'']] rated the film 4 out of 5 stars and said director Dholakia "depicts the power play and the cat and mouse chase between Raees and the honest cop Jaideep with flourish and that, in my opinion, is the mainstay of the enterprise."<ref name="critic">{{cite news |title=Movie Review: Raees |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/raees-2/critic-review/raees-2-movie-review/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807040851/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/raees-2/critic-review/raees-2-movie-review/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=28 January 2017 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref> Nihit Bhave of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote, "The movie can feel a bit long, but if you're going for a great SRK performance and some good ol' popcorn-entertainment, it might just 'raees' to the occasion."<ref>{{cite news |title=Raees Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/raees/movie-review/56755220.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413014813/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/raees/movie-review/56755220.cms |archive-date=13 April 2019 |access-date=27 January 2017 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Devarshi Ghosh of ''[[India Today]]'' rated the film 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote, "The filmmaking is pure masala and this is one well-cooked masala movie. The story is not surprising, but Rahul Dholakia's treatment seems fresh."<ref>{{cite news |title=Raees movie review: Shah Rukh Khan does a textbook Scarface in a risky film |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/raees-movie-review-shah-rukh-khan-nawazuddin-siddiqui-mahira-khan-957016-2017-01-25 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126215728/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/raees-movie-review-shah-rukh-khan-nawazuddin-siddiqui-mahira-khan/1/866181.html |archive-date=26 January 2017 |access-date=27 January 2017 |work=India Today}}</ref>

[[Rajeev Masand]] of ''[[News18]]'' gave the film 3 out of 5 stars and said, "The film, expectedly, is powered by the star wattage of Shah Rukh Khan himself, as most of his films usually are. From his introduction scene, lacerating his back during a Moharram gathering, to a [[Scarface (1983 film)|Scarface]]-like shootout, all guns blazing, to his many moments simmering with rage, Shah Rukh commands your attention. In more pensive moments and a quiet breakdown scene, he reveals the actor behind the star."<ref>{{cite web |last=Masand |first=Rajeev |date=1 November 2017 |title=Raees Review: A Well-Made Film That Offers Enough to Enjoy |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/raees-review-a-a-well-made-film-that-offers-enough-to-enjoy-1340690.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119194234/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/raees-review-a-a-well-made-film-that-offers-enough-to-enjoy-1340690.html |archive-date=19 November 2020 |access-date=9 August 2020 |publisher=News18}}{{Rating|3|5}}</ref>

Writing for ''[[The Hindu]]'', [[Namrata Joshi]] gave the film 3 out of 5 stars and wrote, "In ''Raees'', he (SRK) and Dholakia would rather dare than play it safe. The character, a complicated portrayal, is in line with grounding SRK in his faith, and making him rise above it."<ref>{{cite news |title=Raees: daring identity politics helps a complicated portrayal |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Raees-daring-identity-politics-helps-a-complicated-portrayal/article17092178.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227024159/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Raees-daring-identity-politics-helps-a-complicated-portrayal/article17092178.ece |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=27 January 2017 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> Saibal Chatterjee of [[NDTV]] rated the film 3 out of 5 stars and commented, "''Raees'' might be markedly unfamiliar territory, but [Dholakia] doesn't let that fact undermine the content and its context. The balance that he achieves lends the film sustained solidity."<ref>{{cite web |title=Raees Movie Review: Shah Rukh Khan, Nawazuddin Siddiqui Strike Up Fascinating Duet |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/raees-movie-review-shah-rukh-khan-nawazuddin-siddiqui-strike-up-fascinating-duet-3004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170127112801/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/raees-movie-review-shah-rukh-khan-nawazuddin-siddiqui-strike-up-fascinating-duet-3004 |archive-date=27 January 2017 |access-date=27 January 2017 |publisher=NDTV}}</ref> Shubhra Gupta of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote, "SRK breaks through in some moments but is stymied by florid, seen-too-many-times flourishes in ''Raees''. It is Nawazuddin Siddiqui who really shines through."<ref>{{cite news |title=Raees movie review: Shah Rukh Khan film is a mish-mash of things we've seen before |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/raees-movie-review-shah-rukh-khan-mahira-khan-sunny-leone-star-rating-4489637/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126211548/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/raees-movie-review-shah-rukh-khan-mahira-khan-sunny-leone-star-rating-4489637/ |archive-date=26 January 2017 |access-date=27 January 2017 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref> and [[Anupama Chopra]] gave the film 3 out of 5 stars, saying "The best way to enjoy ''Raees'' then is to manage expectations first. This is an uneven film. In places, you will applaud and whistle. But you might also find yourself utterly exhausted."<ref>{{cite news |date=26 January 2017 |title=A rollercoaster ride: Review of Raees by Anupama Chopra |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/a-rollercoaster-ride-review-of-raees-by-anupama-chopra/story-tSUKTdTheIMuTKGhEQBHLL.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170127021802/http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/a-rollercoaster-ride-review-of-raees-by-anupama-chopra/story-tSUKTdTheIMuTKGhEQBHLL.html |archive-date=27 January 2017 |access-date=27 January 2017 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

Rohit Bhatnagar of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' rated the film 2 out of 5 stars and said, "The film could have been much more thrilling and gut-wrenching."<ref>{{cite news |title=Raees movie review: Disappointing run-of-the-mill gangster flick |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/240117/raees-movie-review-strictly-for-srk-fans-with-its-mediocre-plot.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170127051715/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/240117/raees-movie-review-strictly-for-srk-fans-with-its-mediocre-plot.html |archive-date=27 January 2017 |access-date=27 January 2017 |work=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> Raghav Jaitly from [[Zee News]] rated the film 3 out of 5 stars and applauded its "powerhouse performances". He described the film, "From dialogue delivery to slow-motion sequences, the movie will give you goosebumps at times. If you want to witness high-octane actions, intense emotions and sincere filmmaking, then go for 'Raees'. It amalgamates Shah Rukh's charm and Rahul's intelligence."<ref>{{cite news |author=Jaitly, Raghav |date=25 January 2017 |title=Raees movie review: Shah Rukh Khan and Nawazuddin Siddiqui's powerhouse performances steal the show |url=http://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/raees-movie-review-shah-rukh-khan-and-nawazuddin-siddiquis-powerhouse-performances-steal-the-show_1970395.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203160859/http://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/raees-movie-review-shah-rukh-khan-and-nawazuddin-siddiquis-powerhouse-performances-steal-the-show_1970395.html |archive-date=3 February 2017 |access-date=3 February 2017 |publisher=[[Zee News]]}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', Sarit Ray gave the film 2 out of 5 stars, saying "''Raees'' also deserves credit for going with a principal set of Muslim protagonists, a rarity for present-day Bollywood. Nawazuddin Siddiqui has the best lines. ''Raees'' perhaps works only as an SRK showcase."<ref>{{cite news |title=Raees movie review: Shah Rukh Khan is the Indian Pablo Escobar |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/raees-review-shah-rukh-khan-nawazuddin-siddiqui-brighten-up-the-screen-film-doesn-t/story-5Gj6PW9RMj5MUGAO1RexrL.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170127011139/http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/raees-review-shah-rukh-khan-nawazuddin-siddiqui-brighten-up-the-screen-film-doesn-t/story-5Gj6PW9RMj5MUGAO1RexrL.html |archive-date=27 January 2017 |access-date=27 January 2017 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

==== Overseas ====
Sneha May Francis and Mahwash Ajaz of ''[[DAWN.com|Dawn]]'' respectively commented, "This isn't a fine film. It's vintage Bollywood fluff, which SRK will manage to turn into box-office gold." and, "''Raees'' is the story of neither a hero nor a villain – it is the story of a man who lived in a corrupted system with corrupted morals."<ref>{{cite news |title=Raees is such a big deal that we reviewed it twice |url=https://images.dawn.com/news/1176991/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126120843/http://images.dawn.com/news/1176991 |archive-date=26 January 2017 |access-date=26 January 2017 |work=Dawn}}</ref> Manjusha Radhakrishnan of ''[[Gulf News]]'' gave the film 3 out of 5 stars and wrote, "While the film is engaging, what lets it down are some of the contrived and ridiculous twists in the second half. But the climax packs a punch, and that misgiving – 'where is this film going?' – is erased."<ref>{{cite news |title='Raees' film review: Shah Rukh is in fine form |url=http://gulfnews.com/leisure/movies/reviews/raees-film-review-shah-rukh-is-in-fine-form-1.1967744 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170127112811/http://gulfnews.com/leisure/movies/reviews/raees-film-review-shah-rukh-is-in-fine-form-1.1967744 |archive-date=27 January 2017 |access-date=27 January 2017 |work=Gulf News}}</ref> Rachel Saltz of ''[[The New York Times]]'' stated that "Avoiding flabby subplots, Mr. Dholakia keeps "Raees" taut and suspenseful, even at two and a half hours, though it probably has a song too many."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Saltz |first1=Rachel |date=26 January 2017 |title=Review: Shah Rukh Khan as 'Raees', a Villain but Still a Do-Gooder |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/26/movies/raes-review-shah-rukh-khan.html?_r=0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211105013/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/26/movies/raes-review-shah-rukh-khan.html?_r=0 |archive-date=11 December 2017 |access-date=27 January 2017 |work=The New York Times}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
Worldwide, ''Raees'' grossed ₹272.54 crore (US$41.85 million),{{efn|name=RaeesGross|''Raees'' worldwide gross:
*Domestic: {{INRConvert|176.6|c|year=2017|mode=historical}}<ref name="boi17" />
*Overseas: US$14.1 million ({{INR}}95.88{{nbsp}}crore)<ref name="overseas" />
}} becoming the highest-grossing Hindi film of 2017 at the time of its release.<ref name="boi17">{{cite web |title=Top Worldwide Grossers 2017 |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=2017 |website=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=9 November 2017 |archive-date=10 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110114428/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> It also became the highest-grossing January release for a Hindi film since 1994 and ranked among the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest-grossing Indian films of all time]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=2866 |title=Highest Grossers in January Since 94 – Real Value – Box Office India |website=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=26 June 2017 |archive-date=14 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814223526/http://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=2866 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=2700 |title=Raees And Kaabil Box Office Verdicts – Box Office India |website=Box Office India |access-date=26 June 2017 |archive-date=3 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803211446/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=2700 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="worldwide">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php |title=Top Worldwide Grossers All Time |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=6 November 2017 |archive-date=16 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016064410/http://boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php |url-status=live }}</ref>

''Raees'' grossed ₹128 crore worldwide during its opening weekend.<ref name="Box Office India">{{Cite web |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3460 |title=Box Office India |access-date=8 December 2018 |archive-date=9 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209123701/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3460 |url-status=live }}</ref> In India, the film earned ₹177 crore (US$27.18 million) at the box office.<ref name="Box Office India" /> Made on a budget of ₹91 crore, it recorded a domestic net collection of ₹139 crore (US$21.34 million) and a distributor share of ₹67.3 crore.<ref name="Box Office India" />

''Raees'' was the most pirated Hindi film of 2017, with approximately 6.2 million online file sharers worldwide, primarily in India and Pakistan. The piracy was reported to have negatively affected the film’s domestic box office performance in India.<ref name="hindu" />

==== Domestic ====
In the domestic market, ''Raees'' grossed ₹20.4 crore (US$3.13 million)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/raees-box-office-collection-day-1-shah-rukh-khans-film-makes-over-20-crores-1652906 |title=Raees Box Office Collection Day 1: Shah Rukh Khan's Film Makes Over 20 Crores |website=NDTV |date=26 January 2017 |access-date=30 July 2020 |archive-date=30 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030150705/https://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/raees-box-office-collection-day-1-shah-rukh-khans-film-makes-over-20-crores-1652906 |url-status=live }}</ref> on its opening day, followed by ₹26.3 crore (US$4.04 million) on the second day<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/raees-box-office-collection-shah-rukh-khan-nawazuddin-mahira-957305-2017-01-27 |title=Raees box office collection Day 2: SRK-Mahira's film has a happy Republic Day |website=India Today |date=27 January 2017 |access-date=30 July 2020 |archive-date=31 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031202359/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/raees-box-office-collection-shah-rukh-khan-nawazuddin-mahira-957305-2017-01-27 |url-status=live }}</ref> and ₹13.1 crore (US$2.01 million) on the third day.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/raees-box-office-collection-day-3-shah-rukh-khan-film-4494772/ |title=Raees box office collection day 3: Shah Rukh Khan film collects Rs 59.83 crore |website=The Indian Express |date=28 January 2017 |access-date=30 July 2020 |archive-date=26 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926222210/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/raees-box-office-collection-day-3-shah-rukh-khan-film-4494772/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film collected ₹15.6 crore (US$2.4 million) on the fourth day<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/raees-box-office-collection-day-4-shah-rukh-khan-film-4496093/ |title=Raees box office collection day 4: Shah Rukh Khan film collects Rs 75.44 crore |website=The Indian Express |date=29 January 2017 |access-date=30 July 2020 |archive-date=28 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928225337/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/raees-box-office-collection-day-4-shah-rukh-khan-film-4496093/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and ₹17.8 crore (US$2.73 million) on the fifth day,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/raees-box-office-collection-day-5-shah-rukh-khans-film-speeds-towards-100-crore-1654058 |title=Raees Box Office Collection Day 5: Shah Rukh Khan's Film Speeds Towards 100 Crore |website=NDTV |date=30 January 2017 |access-date=30 July 2020 |archive-date=23 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023223059/https://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/raees-box-office-collection-day-5-shah-rukh-khans-film-speeds-towards-100-crore-1654058 |url-status=live }}</ref> bringing its extended opening weekend total to ₹93.2 crore (US$14.31 million).

On the sixth day, the film grossed ₹7.5 crore (US$1.15 million),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/raees-day-6-box-office-collection-shah-rukh-khans-seventh-film-to-enter-rs-100-crore-club-3227568.html |title=Raees Day 6 box office collection: This is SRK's seventh film to enter 100 cr club |website=Firstpost |date=31 January 2017 |access-date=30 July 2020 |archive-date=29 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929100731/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/raees-day-6-box-office-collection-shah-rukh-khans-seventh-film-to-enter-rs-100-crore-club-3227568.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and on the seventh day it earned ₹8.27 crore (US$1.27 million), taking its first-week total to ₹109 crore (US$16.74 million).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/raees-box-office-collection-day-7-shah-rukh-khan-4501002/ |title=Raees box office collection day 7: Shah Rukh Khan-starrer breaks January jinx, earns Rs 109.01 cr |website=The Indian Express |date=2 February 2017 |access-date=30 July 2020 |archive-date=26 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926222756/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/raees-box-office-collection-day-7-shah-rukh-khan-4501002/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film went on to gross ₹166 crore (US$25.49 million) in three weeks<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/raees-vs-kaabil-box-office-collection-shah-rukh-hrithik-akshay-960761-2017-02-15 |title=Raees vs Kaabil box-office collection Week 3: Much ado about nothing |website=India Today |date=15 February 2017 |access-date=30 July 2020 |archive-date=31 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031194636/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/raees-vs-kaabil-box-office-collection-shah-rukh-hrithik-akshay-960761-2017-02-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> and ₹191 crore (US$29.33 million) after four weeks of release.<ref name="4week collection">{{cite web |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/raees-total-worldwide-box-office-collection-shah-rukh-khans-movie-inches-closer-rs-300-crore-717262 |title=Raees total worldwide box office collection: Shah Rukh Khan's movie inches closer to Rs 300 crore mark in 4 weeks |website=International Business Times |date=24 February 2017 |access-date=30 July 2020 |archive-date=27 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927090043/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/raees-total-worldwide-box-office-collection-shah-rukh-khans-movie-inches-closer-rs-300-crore-717262 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Overseas ====
In overseas markets, ''Raees'' grossed US$6.7 million (₹45.63 crore) during its five-day extended opening weekend. Within four weeks, the film had earned ₹90.2 crore (US$13.85 million) internationally.<ref name="4week collection" /> Overall, the film grossed US$14.1 million (₹95.88 crore) overseas, becoming the highest-grossing Bollywood film in international markets in 2017.<ref name="overseas">{{Cite web |title=TOP OVERSEAS GROSSERS 2017 |work=Box Office India |access-date=8 May 2017 |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/overseas-total-gross.php?year=2017 |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830102518/https://boxofficeindia.com/overseas-total-gross.php?year=2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> It also set a record for the highest weekend gross for a Bollywood film in [[Singapore]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/raees-box-office-collection-shah-rukh-khans-film-becomes-bollywoods-highest-weekend-grosser-in-singapore/articleshow/56907853.cms |title='Raees' box-office collection: Shah Rukh Khan's film becomes Bollywood's highest weekend grosser in Singapore |website=The Times of India |date=20 February 2017 |access-date=30 July 2020 |archive-date=8 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808070958/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/raees-box-office-collection-shah-rukh-khans-film-becomes-bollywoods-highest-weekend-grosser-in-singapore/articleshow/56907853.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
! Award
! Category
! Recipients and nominees
! Results
|-
|rowspan="1"|[[10th Mirchi Music Awards]]
|[[Mirchi Music Award for Upcoming Music Composer of The Year|Upcoming Music Composer of The Year]]
|[[JAM8]] for "[[Zaalima]]"
|rowspan="1" {{won}}
|-
|rowspan="5"|[[63rd Filmfare Awards]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
|[[Shah Rukh Khan]]
|rowspan="5" {{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]
|[[Arijit Singh]] for "Zaalima"
|-
|Best Production Design
|Anita Rajgopalan Lata, Donald Reagen Gracy
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Sound|Best Sound Design]]
|Baylon Fonseca, Dhiman Karmakar
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Action|Best Action]]
|Ravi Varma
|-
|rowspan="1"|Indian Recording Arts Awards
|Best Sound Mix
|Baylon Fonseca
|rowspan="1" {{won}}
|-
|rowspan="1"|[[Screen Awards]]
|[[Screen Award for Best Male Playback|Best Male Playback Singer]]
|[[Arijit Singh]] for "Zaalima" in Raees (also for "Galti Se Mistake" in [[Jagga Jasoos]])
|rowspan="1" {{won}}
|-
|rowspan="5"|[[Zee Cine Awards]]
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]
|[[Amitabh Bhattacharya]] for "Zaalima"
|rowspan="1" {{won}}
|-
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Action|Best Action]]
|Ravi Varma
|rowspan="4" {{nom}}
|-
|Best Production Design
|Donald Reagen Gracy, Anita Rajgopalan Lata
|-
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor – Male|Best Actor – Male]]
|[[Shah Rukh Khan]]
|-
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Track of the Year|Best Track of the Year]]
|"Zaalima" and "Laila Main Laila"
|}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Portal|India|Film|Bollywood}}
* {{IMDb title|3405236|Raees}}
* {{rotten-tomatoes|raees}}
* {{Mojo title|raees}}
* [https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/raees-2/ Raees] at [[Bollywood Hungama]]

{{Rahul Dholakia}}
{{Red Chillies Entertainment}}
{{Farhan Akhtar}}
{{Ritesh Sidhwani}}

[[Category:2017 crime action films]]
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[[Category:2017 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1980s]]
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[[Category:Films shot in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Rahul Dholakia]]
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[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:Indian vigilante films]]
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[[Category:1993 Bombay bombings]]
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Kamakhyaguri railway station

2026-03-11T13:26:33Z

DessiePelloe5:

{{Short description|Railway Station in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Kamakhyaguri
| native_name = কামাখ্যাগুড়ি
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|25px]] [[Indian Railways]] Station
| style = Indian Railways
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| address = NH 31C, Station Rd, Dakhin Narathali, Alipurduar 736202
State: West Bengal
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.48|89.73|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline}}
| elevation = {{convert|53|m|ft}}
| line = [[Barauni–Guwahati line]], [[New Jalpaiguri–New Bongaigaon section]]
| other =
| structure = [[Intersection_(road)#At_grade_railways|At grade]]
| platform = 3
| tracks = 5 (broad gauge)
| parking = Available
| bicycle =
| opened =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = KAMG
| zone = [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone]]
| division = [[Alipurduar railway division|Alipurduar]]
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone]]
| status = Functioning
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| map_type = India West Bengal#India
| map_dot_label = Kamakhyaguri Railway Station
| map_size = 300
| map_caption = Location in [[West Bengal]]##Location in India
}}

'''Kamakhyaguri Railway Station''' serves the town of [[Uttar Kamakhyaguri]], [[Alipurduar district]] in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Departures from KAMG/Kamakhyaguri (3 PFs)|url=http://amp.indiarailinfo.com/departures/kamakhyaguri-kamg/2202|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref> Part of the [[Alipurduar railway division]], the station lies on the [[New Jalpaiguri–New Bongaigaon section]] of [[Barauni–Guwahati line]] of [[Northeast Frontier Railway]].

==Trains==
Major Trains:
*[[Sealdah–Sabroom Kanchanjunga Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sealdah Agartala Kanchanjunga Express|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-agartala-sealdah-kanchanjunga-festival-special-03174/129105/3651/325|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
*[[Sealdah–Silchar Kanchanjunga Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sealdah Silchar Kanchanjunga Express|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-kanchanjunga-express-13175/40941/325/1053|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
*[[Kamrup Express|Dibrugarh–Howrah Kamrup Express via Guwahati]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dibrugarh Howrah Kamrup Express via Guwahati|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-kamrup-special-via-guwahati-05959/128197/1/7288|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
*[[Kamrup Express|Dibrugarh–Howrah Kamrup Express Via Rangapara North]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dibrugarh Howrah Kamrup Express via Rangapara North|url=http://amp.indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-kamrup-express-via-rangapara-north-15961/161111/1/7288|website=indiarailinfo.com|access-date=3 September 2022|archive-date=15 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615151954/http://amp.indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-kamrup-express-via-rangapara-north-15961/161111/1/7288|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[New Jalpaiguri - Guwahati Express]]
*[[New Jalpaiguri - Bongaigaon Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Jalpaiguri Bongaigaon Express Express|url=http://amp.indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-new-jalpaiguri-bongaigaon-express-15703/7773/444/549|website=indiarailinfo.com}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
*[[Alipurduar–Kamakhya Intercity Express]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Alipurduar railway division]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Alipurduar district]]

Varnapakittu

2026-03-03T21:16:49Z

DessiePelloe5: update

{{Short description|1997 Indian Malayalam drama film directed by I. V. Sasi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Varnapakittu
| image = Varnapakittu.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Poster designed by [[Gayathri Ashokan]]
| director = [[I. V. Sasi]]
| producer = Jokuttan
| writer =
| screenplay = [[Babu Janardhanan]]
| story = Jokuttan
| narrator =
| based_on =
| starring = {{ubl
| [[Mohanlal]]
| [[Meena (actress)|Meena]]

}}
| music = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| cinematography = Aravind Kamalanathan
| editing = [[K. Narayanan]]
| studio = BJL Creations
| distributor = Pranamam Pictures
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1997|4|4}}
| runtime = 160 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget = ₹2.75 crore{{Citation needed |date=March 2024}}
| gross = 
}}

'''''Varnapakittu''''' ({{Translation|Vibrant colors}}) is a 1997 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by [[I. V. Sasi]]<ref>{{cite news |script-title=ml:ഐ.വി.ശശി സംവിധാനം ചെയ്ത ചിത്രങ്ങൾ |trans-title=Films directed by I. V. Sasi |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2017/10/24/i-v-sasi-movie-list.html |access-date=9 February 2018 |publisher=[[Malayala Manorama]] |date=24 October 2017 |language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Naveen |last1=Mohan |script-title=ml:അവളുടെ രാവുകൾ' ഒരു ധൈര്യമാണ്; അത്രയും 'ബോൾഡ്' ആണ് ഐ.വി.ശശിയും |trans-title='Her nights' are a courage; I.V. Sasi is as 'bold' as that. (machine translation) |url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/news/latest-news/2017/10/24/avalude-ravukal-malayalam-movie.html |language=ml |access-date=9 February 2018 |publisher=[[Malayala Manorama]] |date=25 October 2017}}</ref> and written by [[Babu Janardhanan]] from a story by Jokuttan. The film features [[Mohanlal]] and [[Meena (actress)|Meena]] in lead roles, with [[Divya Unni]], [[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]], [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]], [[Jagadish]], [[Rajan P. Dev]], and [[M. G. Soman]] in supporting roles.<ref>{{cite news |title=Varnappakittu |url=https://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=3025 |access-date=9 February 2018 |publisher=Malayala Chalachithram}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |script-title=ml:വർണ്ണപ്പകിട്ട് (1997) |trans-title=Varnapakittu (1997) |url=http://msidb.org/m.php?2196 |access-date=9 February 2018 |encyclopedia=Malayalam Music and Movie Encyclopedia |archive-date=25 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725142608/http://msidb.org/m.php?2196 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |script-title=ml:വർണ്ണപ്പകിട്ട് - Varnappakittu (Malayalam Movie) |url=https://www.m3db.com/film/1644 |access-date=9 February 2018 |encyclopedia=Malayalam Movie & Music Database |language=ml}}</ref> The movie was a commercial success.

==Plot==
{{More plot|date=October 2019}}
Sunny Palamattam is a successful businessman in [[Singapore]]. He enjoys a flamboyant life with his girlfriend Sandra Valookaran. His business rival, Mohammad Ali, was a partner who left after he was found embezzling company funds.

Sunny discloses his past to Sandra: his family was happy until Pappan framed Sunny's father, Ittichan, in a fraud case. Shortly after, Ittichan died of a heart attack, and Sunny's engagement with fiancée, Nancy, was called off. Sunny fled to [[Mumbai]] and then to Singapore with Kuruvilla's help.

Later, Sunny learns that Sandra is actually a [[call girl]] hired by Mohammad Ali, to spy on Sunny and foil his business plans. To fulfill his marriage commitment to his family, he and Sandra pretend they are still engaged when they go to visit Sunny's family in [[Kerala]]. In his hometown, he meets the old enemies who falsely accused his father of theft and thus, ruined the family's reputation.

Sunny plans to take revenge on Pappan, Tonychen, and company, aided by Paily. In the meantime, he meets Nancy who is now married to Paulachen, Tonychen's younger brother. When Tony tries to sexually assault Nancy, Paulachan is humiliated and commits suicide.

Mohammad Ali arrives with a gang from Singapore to reveal Sunny's "false marriage" ploy in an attempt to destroy him. Sunny pleads with Mohammad Ali to forget everything so that he can live a happy life and offers all his assets to Mohammad Ali. Mohammad Ali has a change of heart and leaves Sunny and his family alone. In the end, Sunny and Sandra appear with a happy family.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Mohanlal]] as Sunny Palamattom
*[[Meena (actress)|Meena]] as Sandra / Alina, Sunny's Girlfriend and Wife
*[[Divya Unni]] as Nancy Paul, Sunny's Ex-Lover
*[[Jagadish]] as Paily, Sunny's Friend
*[[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]] as Palamattom Ittichan, Sunny's Father
*[[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]] as Pullankunnel Paulachan, Nancy's Husband
*[[Rajan P. Dev]] as Pullankunnel Pappan, Paulachan's Father
*[[K. B. Ganesh Kumar]] as Pullankunnel Tonychan, Paulachan's Brother
*[[Janardhanan (actor)|Janardhanan]] as Ramaswamy Iyer
*[[M. G. Soman]] as Kuruvilla
*[[Reena (actress)|Reena]] as Kuruvilla's wife
*[[Bheeman Raghu]] as [[Sub-inspector|SI]] Damodaran Nair
*[[N. F. Varghese]] as Father Joseph Varghese
*[[Sadiq (Indian actor)|Sadiq]] as Kunjoonju
*[[Bharathi Vishnuvardhan]] as Sunny's mother
*[[Kanakalatha]] as Sunny's elder sister
*[[Reshmi Soman]] as Mollykutty, Sunny's younger sister
*Bindhu Varappuzha as Sunny's Second sister
*Mini Arun as Sossamma, Sunny's Third sister
*[[Kazan Khan]] as Mohammed Ali
*[[Kundara Johny]] as Advocate Chandrashekharan, Sunny's Advocate
*[[Usha (actress)|Usha]] as Tonychen's wife
*[[Seetha (Malayalam actress)|Seetha]] as Sukanya, Sandra's sister
*Yavanika Gopalakrishnan as Sunny's brother in law
*Maya as TV reporter
*Elias Babu as Kunjukochu, Nancy's father
*[[Antony Perumbavoor]] as a man in store
{{colend}}

== Soundtrack ==
The songs were composed by Vidyasagar. "Velli Nila" is based on "Ooohalalo Oopirilo" from ''Urmila'' (1993).
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| title1 = Aakashangalil
| extra1 = [[K S Chitra]]
| title2 = Anupama Sneha Chaithanyame
| extra2 = [[K S Chitra]]
| title3 = Okkela Okkela
| extra3 = M. G. Sreekumar Sujatha Mohan
| title4 = Velli Nila
| extra4 = M G Sreekumar K S Chitra
| title5 = Manikyakallaal
| extra5 = M. G. Sreekumar, [[Swarnalatha]]
| title6 = Doore Mamarakkombil
| extra6 = K. S. Chitra
| title7 = Doore Mamarakkombil
| extra7 = M. G. Sreekumar
| lyrics1 = Gireesh Puthencherry
| lyrics2 = Jose Kallukulam
| lyrics3 = Gireesh Puthencherry Gangai Amaran
| lyrics4 = Gireesh Puthencherry
| lyrics5 = Gireesh Puthencherry
| lyrics6 = Gireesh Puthencherry
| lyrics7 = Gireesh Puthencherry
}}

==Box Office==
Varnapakittu was a major commercial hit in the year 1997 and was the beginning of the Mohanlal-Meena hit combo which churned out many movies, including [[Olympian Anthony Adam]], [[Mr. Brahmachari]], [[Natturajavu]], [[Udayananu Tharam]], [[Chandrolsavam]], [[Drishyam]], [[Munthirivallikal Thalirkkumbol]], [[Drishyam 2]], and [[Bro Daddy]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2016 |title=Resume of a superstar: 30 years of Mohanlal from Rajavinte Makan to Pulimurugan |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/resume-superstar-30-years-mohanlal-rajavinte-makan-pulimurugan-54938 |website=The News Minute}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2017 |title=IV Sasi: Remembering the director who gave us superstars Mammootty and Mohanlal |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/iv-sasi-remembering-director-who-gave-us-superstars-mammootty-and-mohanlal-70700 |website=thenewsminute.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2017 |title=Munthirivallikal Thalirkkumbol shatters Pulimurugan's opening record in Ireland |url=https://www.inuth.com/entertainment/malayalam-movies/munthirivallikal-thalirkkumbol-shatters-pulimurugans-opening-record-in-ireland/ |website=Inuth.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0290098}}
* http://en.msidb.org/m.php?2196
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120407114943/http://popcorn.oneindia.in/title/6392/varnapakittu.html Oneindia]

{{I. V. Sasi}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1997 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:1997 romance films]]
[[Category:1997 films]]
[[Category:1997 action films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in Singapore]]
[[Category:Films shot in Singapore]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kottayam]]
[[Category:Films directed by I. V. Sasi]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vidyasagar (composer)]]

Mutyala Muggu

2026-03-03T20:24:54Z

DessiePelloe5: Adding New Article

{{short description|1975 film directed by Bapu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mutyala Muggu
| image = Muthyala Muggu.jpg
| caption = Theatrical poster
| director = [[Bapu (director)|Bapu]]
| producer = Maddali Venkata Lakshmi Narasimha Rao
| writer = [[Mullapudi Venkata Ramana]] (story and dialogues)
| screenplay = Bapu
| starring = [[Sangeeta (Telugu actress)|Sangeeta]] [[Sreedhar]] [[Kanta Rao]] [[Rao Gopal Rao]] [[Mukkamala (actor)|Mukkamala]] [[Allu Ramalingaiah]]
| music = [[K. V. Mahadevan]] [[Sajjad Hussain (composer)|Sajjad Hussain]]
| cinematography = [[Ishan Arya]]
| distributor = Sri Rama Chitra
| released = {{Film date|1975}}
| runtime = 165 min
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}
'''''Mutyala Muggu''''' ({{translation|A [[kolam|''Muggu'']] of pearls}}) is a 1975 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] adaptation of Uttara Ramayana from the writer-director duo of [[Mullapudi Venkata Ramana|Ramana]] and [[Bapu (director)|Bapu]]. The film stars [[Sangeeta (Telugu actress)|Sangeeta]], [[Sreedhar]], [[Kanta Rao]], [[Rao Gopal Rao]], [[Mukkamala (actor)|Mukkamala]], [[Allu Ramalingaiah]] and [[Nutan Prasad]]. The film has garnered two [[National Film Awards]]. The film recorded as blockbuster at the box office. Rao Gopal Rao received widespread acclaim for his role.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/Its-curtains-for-Sudershan-70-mm-theatre/article16263773.ece|title=It's curtains for ..|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2 June 2010|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130126024120/http://www.hindu.com/2010/06/02/stories/2010060260790300.htm|archivedate=26 January 2013|access-date=22 November 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0155893/|title = Muthyala Muggu (1975) - IMDb}}</ref> The film was remade in Hindi as ''[[Jeevan Jyoti (1976 film)|Jeevan Jyoti]]'' (1976).

==Plot==
Raja Rao Bahadur (Kanta Rao) is the head of a wealthy and charitable landlord family who has a young son Sreedhar. At his son's request, Rao helps his college friend (Hari) with the costs of higher education abroad. Hari is grateful and invites Sreedhar to his sister Laxmi's ([[Sangeeta (Telugu actress)|Sangeeta]]) wedding in the village. In a twist of events, Sreedhar ends up marrying Lakshmi. This enrages Raja's brother-in-law, Mukkamala, who hoped to get his daughter (Jaya Malini) married to Sreedhar.

What makes matters worse is that Laxmi wins over the royal household with her humility and good nature while Sreedhar falls in love with her innocence. She accidentally discovers a stash of the estate jewels in a well. Joginatham and Mukkamala try to implicate the Priest. Laxmi suggests that since they do not know conclusively as to who stole jewels, they should spare the Priest. Mukkamala, at the suggestion of the estate manager Joginatham (Allu Ramalingiah), then approaches Contractor (Rao Gopala Rao). Contractor agrees to break up the couple. But Contractor eyes the entire estate and its valuables and he entrap Mukkamala. He uses Kishtaiyya (Nutan Prasad) and creates suspicion in Sreedhar's mind with a sinister plan. Sreedhar falls prey to his doubts, comes to the conclusion that Laxmi is cheating on him and is only interested in his wealth.

He sends off pregnant Laxmi with all the family jewels. Laxmi gives the jewels off to Joginatham and decides to end her life. She is rescued by the Priest at whose house she gives birth to twins (a boy and a girl). Meanwhile, back at the estate, Sreedhar is depressed and loses interest in life and curses out Mukkamala when he proposes that Sreedhar should marry his daughter. The contractor then fixes up Kishtayya with Jaya Malini and proceeds to squeeze Mukkamala out of his money. After that, he takes possession of several antiques that Joginatham was trying to sell.

All that's left is the Deity's Jewels. The Raja who is distraught with the whole lifeless situation of the estate decides to leave the Deity's Jewels in the temple itself and wanders the villages. He stumbles upon Laxmi's kids (his grandkids), discovers the truth and requests Laxmi to come back. Laxmi refuses to come back and declares that this does not work with recommendations and that Sreedhar himself has to accept his mistake and come to her and ask her to come back. The Raja with the help of the kids and Sreedhar's friend hatch a plan to set things right with Sreedhar and beat the Contractor at his own game.

==Cast==
* [[Sangeeta (Telugu actress)|Sangeeta]] as Lakshmi, Sreedhar's wife
* [[Sreedhar]] as Sreedhar, Raja's son
* [[Kanta Rao]] as Raja Rama Dasu
* [[Rao Gopal Rao]] as Contractor
* [[Allu Ramalingaiah]] as Joginadham
* [[Mukkamala (actor)|Mukkamala]] as Raja's brother-in-law
* [[Sakshi Ranga Rao]]
* [[Nutan Prasad]] as Kishtayya
* [[Jayamalini]] as Kistayya's wife
* [[Suryakantam (actress)|Suryakantam]] as Contractor's wife
* Pisupati Venkateswara Rao as temple Pujari
*[[Mada Venkateswara Rao|Mada]]
*[[Arja Janardhana Rao]] as Hanuman

==Production==
The movie was shot mostly outdoors in the Gyan Bagh Palace in [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] and on the [[Pulidindi|Pulidindi Canal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cinegoer.net/muthyalamuggu.htm|work=Cinegoer|access-date=28 May 2024|last=Palakodety|date=5 April 2006|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130628212724/http://www.cinegoer.net/muthyalamuggu.htm|archive-date=28 June 2013|title=Nostalgia - Muthyala Muggu (1975)}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
* "Entati Rasikudavo Teliseraa"
:* Lyrics by [[C. Narayana Reddy]], Playback Singer: [[P. Susheela]] & Composed by [[K.V. Mahadevan]]
* "Gogulu Pooche Gogulu Kache O Laccha Gummadi"
:* Lyrics by C. Narayana Reddy, Playback Singer: P. Susheela & [[S.P. Balasubrahmanyam]] & Composed by K.V. Mahadevan
* "Edo Edo Annadi Eee Masaka Veluturu"
:* Lyrics by C. Narayana Reddy, Playback Singer: [[V. Ramakrishna]] & Composed by K.V. Mahadevan
* "Nidurinche Totaloki Paata Okati Vachindi"
:* Lyrics by [[Gunturu Seshendra Sharma]], Playback Singer: P. Susheela & Composed by K.V. Mahadevan
* "Mutyamanta Pasupu Mukhamento Chhaaya"
:* Lyrics by [[Arudra]], Playback Singer: P. Susheela & Composed by K.V. Mahadevan
* "Sri Rama Jayarama Seetarama"
:* Lyrics by Arudra, Playback Singer: [[M. Balamuralikrishna]] & Composed by K.V. Mahadevan

==Awards==
;[[National Film Awards]] - 1975
* [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Cinematography]] - [[Ishan Arya]]

;[[Nandi Awards]] - 1975<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=21 August 2020 | language=Telugu}}</ref>
* [[Nandi Award for Best Feature Film|Second Best Feature Film - Silver]] - M. V. L. Narasimha Rao

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Bapu (film director)}}
{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Telugu}}

[[Category:1975 films]]
[[Category:1975 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1975 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films based on the Ramayana]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Bapu]]
[[Category:Films whose cinematographer won the Best Cinematography National Film Award]]
[[Category:1970s fantasy drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Sajjad Hussain]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Films scored by K. V. Mahadevan]]
[[Category:Best Telugu Feature Film National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:1975 drama films]]

6 Journey

2026-03-03T09:10:01Z

DessiePelloe5: created new pg

{{Orphan|date=May 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = 6 Journey
| image =
| caption =
| director = Basheer Aluri
| writer = Basheer Aluri
| producer = Palayam Ravi Prakash Reddy<ref>{{cite news |title= Teaser of '6 Journey' launched|url=https://telanganatoday.com/teaser-of-6-journey-launched|access-date=8 May 2025|work=Telangana Today|date=6 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
| starring = {{ubl|Sameer Datta|Pallavi Rathod|Palayam Ravi Prakash Reddy|Ramya Reddy|Tasty Teja|Sanjay Acharya|Borra Abhiram|Sahithi Chilla}}
| cinematography = T Surendra Reddy
| editing = Narapinni Srinubabu
| music =
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2025|5|9}}<ref>{{cite web |title=‘6 Journey’ Set for May 9 Release |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/6-journey-set-for-may-9-release-967449 |website=[[The Hans India]] |access-date=7 October 2025 |date=1 May 2025}}</ref>
| runtime = 131 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
}}

'''''6 Journey''''' is a 2025 [[Telugu cinema|Telugu language film]] directed by Basheer Aluri, and produced by Palayam Ravi Prakash Reddy.<ref>{{cite news |title= 6 Journey|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-details/6-journey/movieshow/120965904.cms|access-date=8 May 2025|work=Times of India|date=7 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==Plot==
In South India, a psychiatrist discovers six young people planning to end their lives after facing fraud. He suggests a final trip to Goa, pretending to join them. But their journey turns deadly when they are caught by a mafia using mobile radiation as a weapon. Trapped in a forest with kidnapped scientists, the group must fight to survive - and rediscover a reason to live.

== Cast ==
{{Colbegin}}
*Sameer Datta
*Pallavi Rathod
*Palayam Ravi Prakash Reddy
*Ramya Reddy
*Tasty Teja<ref>{{cite news |title= 6 Journey teaser: The Tasty Teja, Ravi Prakash Reddy thriller has a unique premise|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/6-journey-teaser-the-tasty-teja-ravi-prakash-reddy-thriller-has-a-unique-premise/e848c266ac301|access-date=8 May 2025|work=OTT Play|date=6 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
*Sanjay Acharya
*Borra Abhiram
*Sahithi Chilla
{{Colend}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt36792014}}

{{2020s-Telugu-film-stub}}

[[Category:2025 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]

Simmasanam

2026-03-03T04:33:13Z

DessiePelloe5: adjusted article further and fixed typos per sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Simmasanam.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Eswaran
| writer = Eswaran
| producer = Tamil Fathima Thangamma Fathima
| starring = [[Vijayakanth]] [[Khushbu Sundar]] [[Raasi (actress)|Manthra]] [[Radhika Chaudhari]]
| cinematography = Rajarajan
| editing = G. Jayachandran
| music = [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| studio = [[Ibrahim Rowther|Tamilannai Cine Creation]]
| released = {{Film date|2000|08|04|df=yes}}
| runtime = 145 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Simmasanam''''' ({{translation|Throne}}) is a 2000 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action drama film]] directed by Eswaran in his debut. The film stars [[Vijayakanth]] in a triple role as a father and his two sons. It also stars [[Khushbu Sundar]], [[Raasi (actress)|Manthra]], [[Radhika Chaudhari]] and [[Viji]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajitha |date=21 June 2000 |title=Chemeen returns |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/jun/21spice.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100510030118/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/jun/21spice.htm |archive-date=10 May 2010 |access-date=7 July 2012 |work=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> The film was released on 4 August 2000.

== Plot ==
In a remote village, Sakthivel and Thangarasu are stepbrothers. Sakthivel is a man of high values and integrity who has a wife and a son while Thangarasu is an angry young man who cannot tolerate injustice, thus getting easily in trouble. The stepbrothers are both respected by the villagers, but Sakthivel refuses to even acknowledge Thangarasu as his brother. Meanwhile, Manju and Revathi fall in love with Thangarasu. During a wedding function, some rowdies misbehave with Sakthivel's wife, Manju, and Revathi. Thangarasu beats them up. At the village court, Sakthivel insults Thangarasu and publicly flogs him. A heartbroken Thangarasu then blames his mother believing that she had killed his father and his grandfather tells him the truth.

In the past, Sathyamurthy was a village chief with a heart of gold who helped the poor. He lived with his shrewish wife Annapoorani and his son Sakthivel. Annapoorni's brothers then brainwashed her: Annapoorni didn't want her husband to help the poor any more and started to behave harshly towards him. Sathyamurthy slowly distanced himself from Annapoorni and secretly continued to help the poor. Soon, Annapoorni suspected Sathyamurthy of having an affair with the poor village woman Kannamma and Annapoorni even publicly humiliated her. Kannamma then attempted to commit suicide but Sathyamurthy saved her. Sathyamurthy's mother advised her son to marry the innocent Kannamma.

Back to the present, Thangarasu finally meets his mother Kannamma who was living all these years in a special home and he brings her to his village. There, Sakthivel insults Kannamma for killing his father Sathyamurthy. Thangarasu and Sakthivel fight but their grandmother stops it and tells them the truth. That day, Sathyamurthy had eaten poisoned food given by Annapoorni and her brothers and the blame was put on the innocent Kannamma.

Sakthivel eventually apologises to his stepbrother Thangarasu and his stepmother Kannamma. Annapurna scolds her brothers for killing her husband but they swear that they are innocent. Sakthivel and Thangarasu finally find out the culprit: Thambidurai, a rich [[zamindar]] who hated Sathyamurthy for helping the poor. Sakthivel and Thangarasu beat Thambidurai and his henchmen up, and the police arrest Thambidurai for the murder of their father.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Vijayakanth]] in a triple role as:
**Sathyamurthy
**Sakthivel
**Thangarasu
*[[Khushbu Sundar]] as Sakthivel's wife
*[[Raasi (actress)|Manthra]] as Manju
*[[Radhika Chaudhari]] as Revathi
*[[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]] as Annapoorani, Sathyamurthy's first wife
*[[Viji]] as Kannamma, Sathyamurthy's second wife
*[[Radharavi]] as Annapoorani's brother
*[[Thyagu (actor)|Thyagu]] as Annapoorani's brother
*[[Rajan P. Dev]] as Thambidurai
*[[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] as Sathyamurthy's mother
*[[Senthil]] as Kandhasamy
*[[R. Sundarrajan]] as Kannamma's father
*[[Sethu Vinayagam]] as Mayilsamy
*Raviraj as Velusamy
*Naga Kannan as Rowdy
*Master Vasanthakumar as Sakthivel's son
*[[Vaiyapuri]] as Thangarasu's friend
*[[Anu Mohan (Tamil actor)|Anu Mohan]] as Bus driver
*[[K. R. Vatsala]] as Annapoorani's sister-in-law
*[[Fathima Babu]] as Annapoorani's sister-in-law
*[[Idichapuli Selvaraj]] as Accountant
*[[K. K. Soundar]] as Sakthivel and Thangarasu’s uncle
*[[Kovai Senthil]] as Villager
*[[Crane Manohar]] as Villager
*[[Halwa Vasu]] as Villager
*[[Chelladurai]] as Villager
*Jayamani as Villager
*Sharmili as Oomaichi
*[[Dubbing Janaki]] as Special home worker
*Bobby as Rowdy
*Karnaa Radha as Veeraiah
*[[Kalyan (choreographer)|Kalyan]] in a special appearance
}}

== Production ==
The film marked the directorial debut of Eswaran. The filming was held at locations in Chennai, Ooty, Pollachi, Udumalai, and Chalakkudi, among other places. A song was picturised in the lush green valley around Tirumurthy Hills.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |title=Simhasanam |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/location/simhasanam.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010527141241/http://www.chennaionline.com/location/simhasanam.asp |archive-date=27 May 2001 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[S. A. Rajkumar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2000 |title=Simmaasanam |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/simmaasanam/6VwFuNWMYeE_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720150732/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/simmaasanam/6VwFuNWMYeE_ |archive-date=20 July 2020 |access-date=20 July 2020 |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing|
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Track listing
| all_lyrics = [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
| total_length = 23:37
| title1 = Adi Alenkiliye Alenkiliye
| extra1 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Swarnalatha]]
| length1 = 4:42
| title2 = Kongu Naattu Maamaa
| extra2 = [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length2 = 4:48
| title3 = Kottu Kottu Kottu Therkku Dhesai
| extra3 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| length3 = 4:53
| title4 = Manja Manja Kezhangu
| extra4 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], K. S. Chithra, Swarnalatha
| length4 = 4:12
| title5 = Paattu Onnu Pottu
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length5 = 5:02
}}

== Critical reception ==
S. R. Ashok Kumar from ''[[The Hindu]]'' noted, "The story is not new but the screenplay which has all the ingredients to sustain the interest of the average viewer, with political overtones in dialogues, has been skillfully woven by director Eswar".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=11 August 2000 |title=Film Review: ''Simmasanam'' |url=http://www.hindu.com/2000/08/11/stories/09110223.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090810232353/http://www.hindu.com/2000/08/11/stories/09110223.htm |archive-date=10 August 2009 |access-date=7 July 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> ''Indiainfo'' wrote, "Vijaykanth attempts to repeat the stupendous success of Vanathepol by taking on a triple role once again in Simhasanam. However, a convoluted storyline and direction make the film a bore right from the beginning".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Simhasanam : Three much to bear |url=http://movies.indiainfo.com/tamil/reviews/simha.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010617223734/http://movies.indiainfo.com/tamil/reviews/simha.html |archive-date=17 June 2001 |access-date=29 December 2023 |website=Indiainfo}}</ref> ''[[Dinakaran]]'' wrote, "The film is a kind of masala feature that caters to our interests though the film isn't that much a stunning success either" like ''[[Vaanathaippola]]'' or ''[[Vallarasu]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2000 |title=Review: "Simmaasanam" |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/reviews/24-08-00/simmasan.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070909042829/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/reviews/24-08-00/simmasan.htm |archive-date=9 September 2007 |access-date=11 January 2025 |website=[[Dinakaran]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2000 action drama films]]
[[Category:2000 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2000 films]]
[[Category:2000 Indian films]]
[[Category:2000s masala films]]
[[Category:2000 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films about brothers]]
[[Category:Films about dysfunctional families]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. A. Rajkumar]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Pollachi]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Harcourt Butler Sr. Sec. School

2026-02-21T09:04:54Z

DessiePelloe5: Created Some Data From Scratch

{{Short description|British-era school in New Delhi, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Harcourt Butler Senior Secondary School
| image = [[File:HBSSS Delhi.jpg|frameless|250px|HBSSS Delhi]]
| caption =
| motto =
| address = Mandir Marg
| city = [[New Delhi]]
| state = [[Delhi|NCT of Delhi]]
| postal_code = 110 001
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|28.633414401479662|77.19937263446612|format=dms|type:edu_region:IN-DL|display=inline,title}}
| type = Govt aided
| established = {{Start date|1917}}
| founder = [[Harcourt Butler|Sir Spencer Harcourt Butler]]
| school_board = [[Central Board of Secondary Education]]
| principal = Mr. Sameer Kumar Gangarh<ref>https://saras.cbse.gov.in/SARAS/AffiliatedList/AfflicationDetails/2778029</ref>
| gender = Boys
| campus_type = Urban
| student_union_label = Alumni association
| alumni = Butlerians
| website = {{URL|harcourtbutlerschool.com}}
}}

'''Harcourt Butler Senior Secondary School''' ('''HBSSS''') is an old boys [[school]] at Mandir Marg (erstwhile Reading Road) in [[Delhi]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Department of Education |first1=Delhi Government Aided Schools |title=List |url=https://www.edudel.nic.in/mis/eis/frmSchoolList.aspx?type=0DuOiH2xDTgRFnzeAM+5HA==}}</ref> The school is aided by the [[Government of Delhi]], and is affiliated to the [[Central Board of Secondary Education]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Details of School |first1=Central Board of Secondary Education |title=Affiliation |url=https://saras.cbse.gov.in/SARAS/AffiliatedList/AfflicationDetails/2778029}}</ref> It is one of the oldest schools in Delhi, and has been awarded a heritage prize by the Govt of Delhi.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/75-years-of-new-delhi/story-IVk5U9mcrDlD5pfVz4drwO.html |title=75 years of New Delhi |author=Avishek G Dastidar |date=2006-08-02 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://so.city/delhi/article/12-oldest-the-most-iconic-schools-in-delhi-which-have-been-in-existence-for-upto-300-yrs |title=21 Of The Oldest & Most Prestigious Schools In Existence For Upto 300+ Years |date=2021-12-05 |website=so.city |publisher=SO}}</ref>

It provides education from Class 1 to Class 12 offering three streams of Science (Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Biology), Commerce, and Arts in English and Hindi languages. This is the only Govt aided school providing the [[Engineering drawing]] subject (as optional) for class 11th and 12th.

==History==

The school was founded in 1889 by a Bengali society, and was originally known as ''Bengali Boys School''. The matriculation exams were conducted by the [[University of the Punjab]].<ref name="HT HBSSS">{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/a-century-in-life-of-a-school-how-harcourt-butler-senior-secondary-migrated-to-shimla-in-summers/story-r8ERFDlDGR0djymGnFpFeN.html |title=A century in life of a school: How Delhi's Harcourt Butler Senior Secondary migrated to Shimla in summers |author=Parvez Sultan |date=2017-12-15 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

In 1917, the British government took over its control, and started funding its operations for the wards of [[British Raj|British India Government]] employees. The existing structure of Harcourt Butler School was set up by [[Harcourt Butler|Sir Spencer Harcourt Butler]] in 1917. Sir Harcourt was the first Member for Education in the Viceroy’s Executive Council in British India.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Riddick |first1=John F. |title=The History of British India: A Chronology |date=2006 |publisher=Praeger |isbn=978-0-313-08623-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Es6x4u_g19UC&pg=PA166}}</ref> Pre [[World War II]], the school used to operate from Delhi for the six months in winter, and from Shimla for the six months in summer, as the capital of British India would move annually.<ref name="HT HBSSS"/><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/standing-tall-at-100-yrs-harcourt-butler-school/article21753361.ece |title=Standing tall at 100 yrs: Harcourt Butler school |date=2017-12-16 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>

In 2010s, its premises were decorated with art by the ''Delhi Street Art'' of Yogesh Saini.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/in-this-school-they-dont-just-read-of-tagore-and-da-vinci-but-see-them-too/articleshow/71179006.cms |title=In this school they don't just read of Tagor and Da Vinci but see them |author=Anindya Chattopadhyay |date=2019-09-18 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

===Head of Institution===
{|class ="wikitable"
|-
! S.No.
! Name
! From
! To
|-
|1.
|Mr. S.P. Mukherji
|01-04-1925
|30-11-1945
|-
|2.
|Mr. C.G. Mathur
|01-12-1945
|31-03-1947
|-
|3.
|Mr. S. Lal
|01-04-1947
|30-04-1965
|-
|4.
|Mr. Hira Lal
|01-05-1965
|30-04-1969
|-
|5.
|Mr. S.L. Puri (Officiating)
|01-05-1969
|31-08-1970
|-
|6.
|Mr. Uma Shanker (Officiating)
|01-09-1970
|30-04-1972
|-
|7.
|Mr. S.M. Sharma (Officiating)
|01-05-1972
|31-08-1972
|-
|8.
|Mr. J.C. Goel
|01-09-1972
|31-05-1995
|-
|9.
|Mr. H.B.S. Rana (Officiating)
|01-06-1995
|30-09-1995
|-
|10.
|Mr. D.N. Mehta
|01-10-1995
|31-03-2002
|-
|11.
|Mr. B.K. Sethi
|01-04-2002
|30-04-2004
|-
|12.
|Mrs. Alka Chaudhry
|01-05-2004
|31-05-2017
|-
|13.
|Ms. Neera Rao
|01-06-2017
|30-06-2022
|-
|14.
|Mr. B. Kapila (Officiating)
|01-07-2022
|07-08-2022
|-
|15.
|Mr. Chetram (V-Principal)
|08-08-2022
|30-06-2025
|-
|16.
|Mr. Sameer Kumar Gangarh
|02-07-2025
|Incumbent
|}

==Notable alumni==
* [[Satish Kaushik]]
* [[Surinder Amarnath]]
* [[Mohinder Amarnath]]
* [[Nirmal Verma]]
* [[Hari Krishna Shastri]] <ref name="hindustantimes.com">https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/a-century-in-life-of-a-school-how-harcourt-butler-senior-secondary-migrated-to-shimla-in-summers/story-r8ERFDlDGR0djymGnFpFeN.html</ref>
* [[Nasir Aslam Zahid]] <ref name="hindustantimes.com"/>
* [[Rajesh Puri]]
* [[Bhupinder Singh Hooda]] <ref name="hindustantimes.com"/>
* Arvind Chhabra <ref name="hindustantimes.com"/>
* Justice Chander Shekhar <ref>https://www.delhihighcourt.nic.in/web/Judges/justice-chander-shekhar</ref>
* V.R. Mehta
* Satya Prakash Punj

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* Official website of Harcourt Butler School [https://www.harcourtbutlerschool.com/index.html]

[[Category:Schools in Delhi]]
[[Category:1917 establishments in India]]
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Delhi]]
[[Category:Technical drawing]]

Government Sri Ranbir Model Higher Secondary School

2026-02-21T07:48:47Z

DessiePelloe5: article

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Government Sri Ranbir Model Higher Secondary School
| image = SRML.jpg
| caption = Central building of school
| coordinates = {{coord|32.73733|N|74.86393|E|display=inline,title}}
| other_names = * SRML Jammu
* Ranbir School Jammu
| former_names = * Ranbir Pathshala
* Government Sri Ranbir Multi-Lateral Higher Secondary School
| schooltype = boys school
| motto = Quality Education For All
| location = Parade
| city = [[Jammu]]
| state = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| postal_code = 180001
| country = India
| fundingtype = Government
| established = 1872
| founder = Maharaja Ranbir Singh
| educational_authority = Jammu and Kashmir Board of School Education
| principal = Anjali Gupta
| lower_age = 3
| upper_age = 18
| language = English
| campus_size = 5.1 acre
| campus_type = Urban
| colors = {{color box|#FF6347}}{{color box|#A52A2A}} Tomato and brown
| website = http://srmlschool.com/
}}

'''Government Sri Ranbir Model Higher Secondary School''', commonly known as '''SRML School''' and '''Ranbir School''', is a government all-boys higher secondary school in the [[Jammu district]] of Indian union territory of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. It was the first high school of [[Jammu region]], which was established by and named after [[Ranbir Singh of Jammu and Kashmir|Maharaja Ranbir Singh]] in the late 19th century to promote higher school education in the state, then known as Rabir pathshala. The school is currently affiliated with the [[Jammu and Kashmir Board of School Education]] (JKBOSE).

== History ==
The [[dynasty|Dogra Ruler]] [[Ranbir Singh of Jammu and Kashmir|Maharaja Ranbir Singh]] founded the institute in 1872, and [[Pratap Singh of Jammu and Kashmir|Maharaja Partap Singh]] completed its construction in 1884. At that time, it had the distinction of being the first school of its kind in the state.

The building between Tennis Hall and Canteen block was used as rasala for many years. The current office of the school was previously used by [[Dogra dynasty|Dogra Rulers]] for delivering justice to the public, and the sangeet hall was utilised for conference and musical programs. The terrace of sangeet hall was used by queens to enjoy artist's performances. Before independence, the first information department operated from the commerce block for 10 years, and Radio Kashmir Jammu aired its programs from the tennis hall for 15 years. The army used one block as its base camp for seven years, While another building served as a stable for the horses of the Maharaja.<ref>{{Cite web
|date=2023-01-04
|title=The vision of Dogra rulers lives on in this school located in the heart of Jammu city
|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/the-vision-of-dogra-rulers-lives-on-in-this-school-located-in-the-heart-of-jammu-city/story-of0gTSFoCsOkxC3PLXfw5L.html
|access-date=2023-01-04
|website=[[Hindustan Times]]
|language=en}}</ref>

==Name history==
[[Ranbir Singh of Jammu and Kashmir|Maharaja Ranbir Singh]] founded the institute in 1872, initially called as the '''Ranbir Pathshala'''. In 1905, it was named as '''Jammu Collegiate School'''. Later in 1965, it was renamed as '''Government Sri Ranbir Multi-Lateral Higher Secondary School'''. In 2015, it was renamed as '''Government Sri Ranbir Model Higher Secondary School''', that is why it is commonly known as '''SRML Model Higher Secondary School''', a combination of its earlier and current name.<ref>{{Cite web
|date=2023-01-04
|title=History of Government Sri Ranbir Higher Secondary School Jammu
|url=http://www.srmlschool.com/history.php
|access-date=2023-01-04
|website=SRML School
|language=en}}
</ref>

== Administration and Campus==
The school has a campus of 5.1 acres. Around 2000 students study in school with 140 teaching and non-teaching faculty. Ms Anjali Gupta is current principal of school. The school has 73 rooms, a library, laboratories, smart classes and an Information Communication Technology (ICT) lab. The campus also features an inhouse botanical garden. The school is surrounded by Parade ground and Women College Parade on one side and secretariat road on other. Rani Park commonly known as Zanana Park is just some footstep far from school.<ref>{{Cite web
|date=2023-01-04
|title=Interesting things of SRML Jammu
|url=https://jammuvirasat.com/2018/11/25/heritage-model-school-of-jammu-sri-ranbir-model-higher-secondary-school/
|access-date=2023-01-04
|website=Jammu Virasat
|language=en}}</ref>

==Academics==
Till 2015, the school has only one academic section for higher studies. But in 2015, it has given the status of ''Heritage Model School'' after which it has been divided into three academics sections:

===Nursery education===
There is a nursery school for children age between 3–6 years with a capacity of 100 students for the weaker sections of the society. This includes children from [[Schedule Caste]], [[Schedule Tribe]] and [[Other Backward Classes]].

===Middle education===
A middle school for students between 1st–8th class and age between 6–14 years with a capacity of around 100 students there. It has never filled to the maximum capacity.

===Higher education===
The school is famous for its higher education. Around 96% of students came here for higher education. For class 9th and 10th there are two sections with five common and one optional subject. For class 11th and 12th there are science, commerce and arts stream. There is also a golden branch system for class 11th and 12th students according to which students with more than 80% marks get top faculty of school.

==Heritage status==
From a long time, school administration has a demand to declare it as a heritage institution. And while keeping in mind to preserve its heritage outlook. Principal Anjali Gupta in an interview with [[Hindustan Times]] told "We are making efforts to renovate and repair the school, while preserving its heritage outlook. I will submit a detailed proposal to get heritage status." In 2015, it got the status of a "Heritage Model School", but it does not get any budgetary allocation for maintenance and preservation work.<ref>{{Cite web
|date=2023-01-04
|title=The vision of Dogra rulers lives on in this school located in the heart of Jammu city
|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/the-vision-of-dogra-rulers-lives-on-in-this-school-located-in-the-heart-of-jammu-city/story-of0gTSFoCsOkxC3PLXfw5L.html#:~:text=Heritage%20status%20the%20aim
|access-date=2023-01-04
|website=[[Hindustan Times]]
|language=en}}</ref>

==Notable alumni and faculty members==
* [[K. L. Saigal]]
* [[Ram Nath Shastri]]
* [[Balraj Puri]]
* [[Narsingh Dev Jamwal]]
* [[Anil Goswami]]
* [[Nirmal Chander Vij]]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Schools in Jammu (city)]]
[[Category:1872 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1872]]

Shahoora

2026-02-18T09:34:41Z

DessiePelloe5: Made Pg!

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Shahoora
| settlement_type = Tehsil
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jammu and Kashmir, India
| coordinates = {{coord|33.8153|N|75.0012|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|Union Territory]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Pulwama district|Pulwama]]
| elevation_m = 1588
| population_total =
| population_as_of = Census 2011
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]], [[Dogri language|Dogri]], [[English language|English]]<ref name="OfficialLang">{{cite web |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222037.pdf |title=The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020 |publisher=The Gazette of India|date=27 September 2020 |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020 | work=Rising Kashmir | date=23 September 2020 | url=http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | access-date=30 May 2021 | archive-date=24 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924141909/http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 192305
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 01933
| registration_plate = JK13
| official_name =
| image_skyline =
| website = {{URL|https://pulwama.gov.in/}}
}}
'''Shahoora''' is a newly formed tehsil in [[Pulwama district]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. The tehsil headquarters of Shahoora tehsil is located in [[Litter, Pulwama|Litter]] town.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://environmentclearance.nic.in/state/FORM_B_PDF.aspx?cat_id=SIA/JK/MIN/55174/2020&pid=New
|website=environmentclearance.nic.in
|title= details of the state of the project }}</ref><ref>
{{cite web
|url=https://www.crosstownnews.in/post/50407/-number-of-red-zone-villages-from-7-to-16-in-pulwama-dozens-declared-buffer-zonesdc.html
|website=www.crosstownnews.in
|title=Number Of Red Zone Villages From 7 To 16 In Pulwama; Dozens Declared Buffer Zones:DC}}
</ref>

Shahoora tehsil comprises about 40 villages, including IGC [[Lassipora]], [[Chakoora, Pulwama]] and [[Wasoora, Pulwama]]
<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://pulwama.gov.in/administrative-setup/
|title=Administrative Setup}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Pulwama district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Pulwama district]]
[[Category:Tehsils of Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)]]

{{JammuKashmir-geo-stub}}

Esther Anil

2026-02-08T04:13:02Z

DessiePelloe5: Minor edits and structural improvements

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Esther Anil
| image = Esther_Anill.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name = Esther Anil
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|2001|08|27}}
| birth_place = [[Wayanad district|Wayanad]], [[Kerala]], India
| other_names =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|TV host}}
| yearsactive = 2010 - present
| parents = {{ubl|Anil Abraham|Manju Anil}}
| relatives =
| awards = [[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]
}}

'''Esther Anil''' (born 27 August 2001<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=29 April 2015 |title=Esther Anil with Family & Friends |url=https://entertainmentcorner.in/esther-anil-with-family-friends/ |website=Entertainment Corner |access-date=24 May 2020 |archive-date=3 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703173815/http://www.entertainmentcorner.in/amp/galleries/rare_unseen_pics/esther-anil-with-family-friends/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>) is an Indian actress who works primarily in [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] films, in addition to few [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] films.<ref>{{Cite news |last=UR |first=Arya |date=10 October 2019 |title=I need more time to be ready for heroine roles in films: Esther Anil |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/i-need-more-time-to-be-ready-for-heroine-roles-in-films-esther-anil/articleshow/71504541.cms |access-date=1 July 2020 |archive-date=10 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110180710/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/i-need-more-time-to-be-ready-for-heroine-roles-in-films-esther-anil/articleshow/71504541.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 2014 |title=Esther Anil is a busy bee |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Esther-Anil-is-a-busy-bee/articleshow/37250313.cms |access-date=24 May 2020 |archive-date=11 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711052342/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Esther-Anil-is-a-busy-bee/articleshow/37250313.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Career==
She debuted as a child artist in a Malayalam film ''[[Nallavan (2010 film)|Nallavan]]'' in 2010.<ref name="auto" /> She is best known for her role as Anumol "Anu" George in the 2013 film ''[[Drishyam]] '' and its sequel ''[[Drishyam 2]]'', as well as Oolu in ''[[Oolu]]'' (2020).<ref name="thehindu">{{Cite news |last=Chowdhary |first=Y. Sunita |date=12 February 2020 |title=Child no more: 'Drishyam' actor Esther Anil turns leading lady with 'Johar' |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/child-no-more-drishyam-actor-esther-anil-turns-leading-lady-with-johar/article30799439.ece |access-date=7 May 2020 |archive-date=25 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825090439/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/child-no-more-drishyam-actor-esther-anil-turns-leading-lady-with-johar/article30799439.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="deccanchronicle">{{Cite web |title=Esther Anil in Maya's world |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/211018/esther-anil-in-mayas-world.html |access-date=7 May 2020 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=21 October 2018 |archive-date=24 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624015609/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/211018/esther-anil-in-mayas-world.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=27 March 2018 |title=Esther turns heroine for Shane Nigam movie |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/esther-turns-heroine-for-shane-nigam-movie/articleshow/63489161.cms |access-date=24 May 2020 |archive-date=4 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004100054/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/esther-turns-heroine-for-shane-nigam-movie/articleshow/63489161.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Esther has won [[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]] for the Best Child Artist in 2016. She reprised her role from ''[[Drishyam]]'' in the Telugu and Tamil remakes, ''[[Drushyam]]'' and ''[[Papanasam (film)|Papanasam]]'' (2015), respectively.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 August 2014 |title=Esther Anil in Drishyam remake! |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Esther-Anil-in-Drishyam-remake/articleshow/40338299.cms |access-date=24 May 2020 |archive-date=4 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004094547/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Esther-Anil-in-Drishyam-remake/articleshow/40338299.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2015 |title=Esther Anil reprises her role as Anu |url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/south-indian/esther-anil-reprises-her-role-as-anu-1.1544518 |website=Gulf News |access-date=7 May 2020 |archive-date=4 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004094544/https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/south-indian/esther-anil-reprises-her-role-as-anu-1.1544518 |url-status=live }}</ref> She played the heroine in the unreleased Tamil film ''Kuzhali''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 May 2017 |title=Mohanlal's daughter in 'Drishyam,' Esther Anil, all set to debut as heroine in Tamil |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlals-daughter-in-drishyam-esther-anil-all-set-to-debut-as-heroine-in-tamil/articleshow/58655838.cms |access-date=24 May 2020 |archive-date=4 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004100056/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlals-daughter-in-drishyam-esther-anil-all-set-to-debut-as-heroine-in-tamil/articleshow/58655838.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> She played the lead role in ''[[Johaar]]'', a Telugu film featuring debutantes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chowdhary |first=Y. Sunita |date=12 February 2020 |title=Child no more: 'Drishyam' actor Esther Anil turns leading lady with 'Johar' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/child-no-more-drishyam-actor-esther-anil-turns-leading-lady-with-johar/article30799439.ece |website=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=7 May 2020 |archive-date=1 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301232826/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/child-no-more-drishyam-actor-esther-anil-turns-leading-lady-with-johar/article30799439.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{Pending films key}}

===Film===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Language !! class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2010 || ''[[Nallavan (2010 film)|Nallavan]]'' || Malli|| rowspan=15 | [[Malayalam]] || <ref name="auto" />
|-
| ''[[Oru Naal Varum]]'' || Nandhakumar's daughter ||
|-
| ''[[Sakudumbam Shyamala]]'' || Young Shyamala ||
|-
| ''[[Cocktail (2010 film)|Cocktail]]'' || Ravi's daughter ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2011 || ''[[Doctor Love (film)|Doctor Love]]'' || Young Ebin ||
|-
| ''[[The Metro (film)|The Metro]]'' || Sujathan's daughter ||
|-
| ''[[Violin (2011 film)|Violin]]'' || Young Angel ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2012 || ''[[Mullassery Madhavan Kutty Nemom P. O.]]'' || Devu ||
|-
| ''[[Mallu Singh]]'' || Young Nithya ||
|-
| ''[[Njanum Ente Familiyum]]'' || Gouri ||
|-
| ''[[Bhoomiyude Avakashikal]]'' || Girl who eats at Lakshmi Amma's house ||
|-
| rowspan=4| 2013 || ''[[Kunjananthante Kada]]'' || Anu Kunjananthan ||
|-
| ''[[August Club]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Omega.exe'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Drishyam]]'' || Anumol "Anu" George ||
|-
| 2014 ||''[[Drushyam]]'' || Anu || [[Telugu Language|Telugu]] || <ref name="Sify">{{Cite web |date=8 January 2014 |title=Drishyam in Telugu, Venkatesh in the lead! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/drishyam-in-telugu-venkatesh-in-the-lead-news-malayalam-obileFjgegdsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511030701/http://www.sify.com/movies/drishyam-in-telugu-venkatesh-in-the-lead-news-malayalam-obileFjgegdsi.html |archive-date=11 May 2015 |access-date=10 May 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2015 || ''[[Papanasam (film)|Papanasam]]'' || Meena Suyambulingam || [[Tamil Language|Tamil]] || <ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M |title=Papanasam Movie Review |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/papanasam/movie-review/47933927.cms |access-date=9 May 2020 |archive-date=13 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113000613/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Papanasam/movie-review/47933927.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''Mayapuri 3D'' || || rowspan=4 | Malayalam
|-
| 2017 || ''Gemini'' || Gemini ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2019 || ''[[Mr. & Ms. Rowdy]]'' || Anu ||
|-
| ''[[Oolu]]'' || Oolu ||
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Johaar]]'' || Jyothi || Telugu || <ref>{{Cite news |date=6 July 2020 |title=Then and Now: Esther Anil, the child artist from Drushyam, has become more beautiful and stunning diva! |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/then-and-now-esther-anil-the-child-artist-from-drushyam-has-become-more-beautiful-and-stunning-diva/articleshow/76810035.cms |access-date=29 December 2020 |archive-date=25 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825091533/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/then-and-now-esther-anil-the-child-artist-from-drushyam-has-become-more-beautiful-and-stunning-diva/articleshow/76810035.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2021||''[[Drishyam 2]]''|| Anumol "Anu" George || Malayalam ||
|-
| ''[[Drushyam 2]]'' || Anu ||Telugu ||
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Jack N' Jill]]'' || Arathy || Malayalam ||
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Vindhya Victim Verdict V3]]'' || Viji || rowspan=2 | Tamil ||
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Minmini (2024 film)|Minmini]]'' || Praveenah ||<ref>{{cite news|date=24 July 2024|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jul/24/minmini-teenagers-go-on-a-journey-of-self-discovery-looking-for-transformation|title=Minmini: Teenagers go on a journey of self-discovery looking for transformation|access-date=24 July 2024|language=en|newspaper=[[Cinema Express]]|url-status=live|archive-date=24 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724055644/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jul/24/minmini-teenagers-go-on-a-journey-of-self-discovery-looking-for-transformation}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || ''Shanthamee Rathriyil'' || || rowspan="2" | Malayalam ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Santhosh |first=Vivek |date=2024-12-02 |title=Jayaraj's next titled Shanthamee Raathriyil |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Dec/02/jayarajs-next-titled-shanthamee-raathriyil |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2026 || {{Pending film| [[Drishyam 3]]}} || Anumol "Anu" George ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Esther Anil shares update on Master's Degree at London School of Economics, says only one milestone remains |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/10/01/esther-anil-lse-masters-drishyam-3-actress-education.html |access-date=2025-10-04 |website=www.onmanorama.com}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Program
! Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Top Singer (TV series)|Top Singer]]''
| Host
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 October 2019 |title=Anchoring TV show is not my cup of tea: Esther Anil |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/anchoring-tv-show-is-not-my-cup-of-tea-esther-anil/articleshow/71540530.cms |access-date=24 May 2020 |archive-date=21 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121182955/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/anchoring-tv-show-is-not-my-cup-of-tea-esther-anil/articleshow/71540530.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|}

==Awards==

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Ceremony
! scope="col" | Category
!Film
! scope="col" | Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
|2015
|[[Santosham Film Awards]]
|Best Child Actor
|''[[Drushyam]]''
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Santosham Awards 2015 |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/entertainment/gallery/santosham-awards-2015/ss-BBm4Dt7 |access-date=27 January 2021 |publisher=MSN |archive-date=8 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008163456/http://www.msn.com/en-in/entertainment/gallery/santosham-awards-2015/ss-BBm4Dt7 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" |2016||[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]||Best Child Artist
|''[[Papanasam (film)|Papanasam]]''||{{Won}}|| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2017 |title=Film critics awards announced |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/film-critics-awards-announced/article17419650.ece |website=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=27 May 2020 |archive-date=21 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221165143/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/film-critics-awards-announced/article17419650.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=6189601|name=Esther Anil}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anil, Esther}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian child actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:People from Wayanad district]]
[[Category:2001 births]]
[[Category:Santosham Film Awards winners]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Child actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Kerala Film Critics Awards winners]]

Lymaraina D'Souza

2026-01-29T18:17:15Z

DessiePelloe5:

{{Short description|Indian model}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox pageant titleholder
| name = Lymaraina D'Souza
| birth_date= {{birth year and age|1979}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| height = {{convert|181|cm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| alma_mater = [[Sydenham College]]
| occupation = [[Model (profession)|Model]], Therapist
| title = [[Femina Miss India|Femina Miss India Universe 1998]]
| competitions = [[Femina Miss India|Femina Miss India 1998]] (Femina Miss India Universe) [[Miss Universe 1998]] (Top-10 finalists)
}}
'''Lymaraina D'Souza''' (born 1979) is an Indian model and beauty pageant titleholder who won [[Femina Miss India|Femina Miss India Universe]] 1998 and represented her country at [[Miss Universe 1998]] where she finished in the Top 10.<ref>{{cite web|author=RITU VERMA |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-08-21/shows/28199594_1_miss-universe-pageant-second-runner |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005010548/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-08-21/shows/28199594_1_miss-universe-pageant-second-runner |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 October 2013 |title=Miss Indias shine at Miss Universe |date=21 August 2009 |work=[[The Times of India]] |accessdate=3 December 2012}}</ref>

She subsequently got her master's degree in counseling and is licensed as a therapist. Lymaraina currently owns a private practice.

==Career==
D'Souza was born in 1979 in Bombay and was educated at [[Fort Convent School, Mumbai]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19980815/22750044.html |title=The vanishing act |publisher=Expressindia.com |date=15 August 1998 |accessdate=3 December 2012}}</ref> and [[Sydenham College of Commerce and Economics]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://feminamissindia.indiatimes.com/archives/miss-india-winners-2010-1964/2000-1991/Lymaraina-Dsouza/articleshow/7883210.cms |title=Lymaraina D'souza - 2000-1991! - Miss India Winners 2010-1964 |publisher= |date= |accessdate=3 December 2012}}</ref>

She was crowned [[Femina Miss India|Femina Miss India Universe 1998]] by the outgoing titleholder [[Nafisa Joseph]].<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/smriti-irani-cabinet-minister-bjp-kyunki-saas-bhi-kabhi-bahu-thi-194594-2014-05-27 From wannabe Miss India to minister-phenomenal rise of Smriti Irani]</ref> She represented India at [[Miss Universe 1998]] held on 12 May 1998 at [[Stan Sheriff Arena]] in [[Honolulu]], [[Hawaii]], United States. She was among the top ten finalists. She was ranked second in the interview round, ninth in the swimsuit round and eighth in the evening gown round.

D'Souza subsequently went to [[Hawaii Pacific University]] and graduated with a B.A. in psychology in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hpu.edu/CHSS/Psychology/Alumni/alumni.html |title=Hawaii Pacific University Psychology Department: Alumni |work=HPU.edu |publisher=[[Hawaii Pacific University]] |location=Kaneohe, HI |accessdate=26 January 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-ach}}
{{succession box |
before=[[Nafisa Joseph]]|
title=[[Femina Miss India]]|
years=1998|
after=[[Gul Panag]]}}
{{S-end}}
{{Miss Universe 1998 delegates}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:D'Souza, Lymaraina}}
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Hawaii Pacific University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian beauty pageant winners]]
[[Category:Female models from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Miss Universe 1998 contestants]]

Kiyam

2026-01-27T14:00:13Z

DessiePelloe5: Created First Entry First Draft.

{{Distinguish|text=[[Senbi Kiyamba]], a ruler of the [[Ningthouja dynasty]]}}{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kiyam
| native_name = ꯀꯤꯌꯥꯝ
| native_name_lang = mni
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Manipur#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Manipur, India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|24.868|N|93.865|E|type:city_region:IN-MN|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Manipur]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Imphal West]]
| subdivision_type3 = Subdivision
| subdivision_name3 = [[Lamshang]]
| area_total_ha = 325.01
| population_total = 426<ref name=":0" />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +5:30
}}

'''Kiyam''' is a village in the [[Lamshang]] subdivision of [[Imphal West]], [[Manipur]], [[India]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Village list of Imphal West {{!}} Imphal West District, Government of Manipur {{!}} India |url=https://imphalwest.nic.in/village-list-of-imphal-west/ |access-date=2025-10-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> It is administered by a local [[Sarpanch]].<ref name=":0" />

The pincode of Kiyam is 795113.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PIN Code 795113 - India |url=https://pin-code.org/hi-in/india/cp/795113/ |access-date=2025-10-29 |website=pin-code.org}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
As per the 2011 Census;<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Kiyam Village Population - Lamshang - Imphal West, Manipur |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/270091-kiyam-manipur.html |access-date=2025-10-29 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>

* Population: 426 (222 males and 204 females).
* Sex ratio: 919 females per 1000 males.
* Children under 6: 59
* Child sex ratio: 513 females per 1000 males
* Literacy rate: 81.2%

== See also ==

* [[List of populated places in Imphal West district]]

== Education ==
The Kiyam PS School which was founded in 1964, is a co-education school and consists of Grade I to Grade V. It is located in the Haorang block of [[Imphal West district]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=KIYAM P.S - Kiyam District Imphal West (Manipur) |url=https://schools.org.in/imphal-west/14060203201/kiyam-p-s.html |access-date=2025-10-29 |website=schools.org.in}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Villages in Imphal West district]]

Biju Viswanath

2026-01-24T00:55:11Z

DessiePelloe5: expand lead also and improved wording per standard format

{{Short description|Indian film maker}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox person
|image = Biju viswanath.jpg
|imagesize =
|name = Biju Viswanath
|occupation = [[Film Director]], [[Screenwriter]], [[Director of Photography]], [[Film Editor]]
|website = {{URL|www.bijuviswanath.com}}
}}

'''Biju Viswanath''' is an Indian [[film director]], [[director of photography]], [[film editor]] and [[screenwriter]]. Across various genres, he has made numerous films in different languages, notably, English, Tamil, Malayalam, Irish, Swahili and Urdu.

He has also served as the jury member [[50th National Film Awards|50th National film Awards of India in 2003]] and [[Kerala State Film Awards|Kerala State Awards]] in 2003

==Career==
Viswanath's directorial debut ''A Voyage'' is based on the works of Indian writer [[M. T. Vasudevan Nair]], which was produced by veteran Malayalam screenwriter [[John Paul Puthusery]]. The movie premiered in [[Busan International Film Festival]], and won the gold medal for Best Short Film in India as well as an Honourable Mention in [[Zanzibar International Film Festival]].{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}

His Urdu film ''Parwaaz'' (The Flight) won Special Prize in Patras Film Festival.<ref name="independent">{{cite web |title=Awards of 8th International Panorama of Independent Filmakers{{sic|hide=y}} |url=http://www.independent.gr/awards2006-2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411090953/http://www.independent.gr/awards2006-2008 |archivedate=2010-04-11 |accessdate=2010-06-16}}</ref>

His English feature film ''[[Déjà vu (2001 film)|Déjà vu]]'', which was produced by editor [[A. Sreekar Prasad]], featuring various British actors, had its international premiere at Busan International Film Festival in 2001<ref>{{Cite web |title=Busan International Film Festival |url=https://www.biff.kr/ |access-date=2022-10-08 |website=Busan International Film Festival}}</ref> and at the 54th [[Locarno International Film Festival]].<ref>{{Cite web |title='Deja Vu' selected for Locarno festival |url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/musicworld/paris-still-searching-record-label-for-sophomore-album_17414.html/amp |access-date=2022-10-08 |website=zeenews.india.com}}</ref> Another feature film of his,''Viola,'' won Golden palm in the Mexico International Film festival.<ref name=":1">[http://www.mexicofilmfestival.com/ Mexico International Film Festival and Awards] Retrieved 2017-12-30.</ref>

Viswanath made three Irish films based on the works on the poet writer [[Celia de Fréine]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Project |first=Happiness |date=2008-03-23 |title=Biju Viswanath's Irish Film based on Poems |url=https://njisacf.wordpress.com/2008/03/23/biju-vishwanaths-irish-film-based-on-poems/ |access-date=2022-10-08 |website=Bioscope |language=en}}</ref>

His first American feature film ''Marathon'' is based on the true story of American poet [[William Morris Meredith, Jr.]] Viswanath won two awards for the film: Best Cinematography and Best Screenplay in New York Independent Film Festival.<ref name=independent/>

Viswanath's venture in Swahili is ''Shadow Tree,'' a film which was shot in [[Zanzibar|Zanzibar, Tanzania]]. The film won the Special Award in Skepto Film Festival in Italy.<ref name="skepto2">{{Cite web |title=Shadow tree | Skepto International Film Festival |url=http://www.skepto.net/en/film/shadow-tree}}</ref>

His Indian Tamil-language feature film ''[[Orange Mittai]]'' was co-written and produced by [[Vijay Sethupathi]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Rinku Gupta |date=2014-02-11 |title=Vijay Sethupathi's Maiden Production gets International Director |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Vijay-Sethupathis-Maiden-Production-gets-International-Director/2014/02/11/article2049319.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305092118/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Vijay-Sethupathis-Maiden-Production-gets-International-Director/2014/02/11/article2049319.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 March 2014 |accessdate=2017-12-30}}</ref> Another Tamil drama film ''[[Chennai Palani Mars]]'' won two awards in USA: Grand Jury prize at the Los Angeles Motion Picture Film Festival<ref name="indiaglitz">{{cite web |date=23 July 2019 |title=Vijay Sethupathi's next movie wins International awards! – Tamil News |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/vijay-sethupathi-production-chennai-palani-mars-wins-awards-tamil-news-240894 |accessdate=2021-02-27 |website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref> and the Best Narrative Feature at the Pinnacle Film Awards.<ref name="indiaglitz" />

==Filmography==
=== Feature films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:100%"
!Year
!Film
!Director
!Cinematographer
!Editor
!Language
!class=unsortable| Notes
|-
|1995||''Peter Scott''
|{{yes}}
|
| ||[[Malayalam]]||
|-
|2001||''[[Déjà vu (2001 film)|Déjà vu]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
| ||English||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2001-12-13 |title=Indiainfo: Malayalam: Movie Review -An Indian director's experiment in world cinema |url=http://movies.indiainfo.com/malayalam/reviews/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011213224551/http://movies.indiainfo.com/malayalam/reviews/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2001-12-13 |access-date=2024-02-16 }}</ref>
|-
|2002||''[[Phantom (2002 film)|Phantom]]''
|
|{{yes}}
| ||[[Malayalam]]||
|-
|2005
| ''[[Sulanga]]''
|
|{{yes}} ||
| Sinhala ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2006
|''Grand Festival''
|{{yes}}
|
| ||Hindi English||
|-
|''[[Poi (film)|Poi]]''
|
|{{yes}} ||
| Tamil ||
|-
|2010||''Marathon''
|{{yes}}
|
| || rowspan="3" |English||
|-
|2011||''Viola''
|{{yes}}
|
| ||
|-
| 2012||''The Nail''
|{{yes}}
|
| ||
|-
| 2013||''Mafiosi''
|{{yes}}
|
| ||Italian||
|-
|2015||''[[Orange Mittai]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}} || rowspan="2" |Tamil||
|-
|2019||''[[Chennai Palani Mars]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}} ||
|-
|2021||''Transcendental Layover''
|{{yes}}
|
| || rowspan="3" |English||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022||''How to make F**kd Up Movies''
|{{yes}}
|
| ||
|-
|''Covid Karma''
|{{yes}}
|
| ||
|-
| 2025 || ''Pakuthi Kadal Kadannu''
| {{yes}}
|
| || Malayalam ||
|}

=== Short films ===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%"
!Year
!Film
!Language
!class=unsortable| Notes
|-
|1998||''A Voyage''||Silent||
|-
|2004||''Second Coming''|| rowspan="3" |English||
|-
|2005||''Zodiac Tales''||
|-
|2006||''Sign of Four''||
|-
|2007||''Lorg''||[[Irish language|Irish]]||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2008 || ''Parwaaz''||[[Urdu]]||
|-
|''Rian''||Irish||
|-
|2009||''Oshizemi''||[[Japanese language|Japanese]]||
|-
|2013
|''Shadow Tree''||[[Swahili language|Swahili]]||
|-
| 2014||''Thief and Wind Chime''||[[Tamil language|Tamil]]||
|-
|2017||''Living is Easy''||English||
|-
|}

=== Television ===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%"
!Year
!Film
!Language
!class=unsortable| Notes
|-
|2000||''O. Henry Stories''||[[Malayalam]]||
|-
|}

==Awards==

* 2009: Best Cinematography at New York City International Film Festival: ''Marathon''{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}
* 2011: Golden Palm Award at [[Mexico City International Film Festival|Mexico International Film Festival]]: ''Viola''{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}
* 2014: SIGNIS Award for Best Short Film at [[Zanzibar International Film Festival]] and Avant-guarde & Experimental Special Award at Skepto Film Festival: ''Shadow Tree''{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}
* 2019: Gold Award for Best Feature Film at Pinnacle Film Awards: ''Chennai Palani Mars''{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}
* 2022: Best of Show and Best Feature Documentary at Pinnacle Film Awards: ''How to make F**ked Up Movies''{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|www.bijuviswanath.com}}
*{{IMDb name|id=1078209|name=Biju Viswanath}}
* https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150802/entertainment-mollywood/article/i-don%E2%80%99t-make-films-film-festivals-biju-viswanath
* https://www.nowrunning.com/news/malayalam/raghuvaran-could-have-become-an-international-star-biju-viswanath/14518/story.htm
* https://www.theindiapost.com/nation/chandigarh/popularizing-literature-cinema-biju-viswanath/
* https://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/cinema-in-write-direction/story-0z6qITdR25mqYM6v3G9AOO.html
* https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-director/biju-viswanath/orange-mittai-director-biju-viswanaths-interview-on-the-film-vijay-sethupathi-and-many-more.html
* https://www.tribuneindia.com/2013/20130303/ttlife1.htm#2
{{Biju Viswanath}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Viswanath, Biju}}

[[Category:English-language film directors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Malayalam film directors]]
[[Category:Malayalam film cinematographers]]
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

List of massacres in Jammu and Kashmir

2026-01-22T21:39:11Z

DessiePelloe5: small fix

{{short description|None}}

{{EngvarB|date=March 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Human rights abuses in Jammu and Kashmir}}The human right abuses and some of the [[massacre]]s in the history of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] are listed below.{{efn|An incomplete list of the massacres...would begin thus...<ref name="Mathur2016"/>}}<ref name="Mathur2016">{{cite book|author=Shubh Mathur|title=The Human Toll of the Kashmir Conflict: Grief and Courage in a South Asian Borderland|edition=1st|year=2016|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US|isbn=978-1-349-57590-9|page=33|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PeYdCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT24}}</ref>

==1865==
'''Dogra rule'''

[[1865 Zaldagar massacre]]

==1931==
'''Dogra rule'''
*[[1931 Kashmir agitation|1931 kashmir agitation]]

==1947==
'''Partition of India'''
*[[1947 Jammu massacres]]
*[[1947-1948 Rajouri Massacre|1947-1948 Rajouri massacre]]
*[[1947 Mirpur Massacre|1947 Mirpur massacre]]

== 1980s ==
'''Kashmiri Muslims'''
*[[1986 Kashmir riots]]

==1990==
'''Indian security forces'''

*[[Gawakadal massacre]]<ref name="Mathur2016"/>
*[[Handwara massacre]]<ref name="Mathur2016"/>
*[[Zakoora and Tengpora massacre]]<ref name="Mathur2016"/>
*[[Hawal massacre]]<ref name="Mathur2016"/><ref name="Bhat">{{Cite journal|last=Aashaq Hussain Bhat, Dr.R.Moorthy|date=2016|title=Impact of Security Provisions in Kashmir|url=http://oaji.net/articles/2016/1170-1479315533.pdf|journal=International Journal of Social Impact|volume=1, 4|pages=6–10|isbn=978-1-365-47905-2|issn=2455-670X}}</ref>
*[[1990 Pazipora massacre]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhat |first=Tahir |date=2018-08-08 |title=Summer Slaughter |url=https://kashmirlife.net/summer-slaughter-issue-19-vol-10-182849/ |access-date=2025-09-07 |website=Kashmir Life |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==1991==
'''Indian security forces'''

*[[1991 Chotta Bazaar massacre]]<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-06-11 |title=30 years of Impunity: The Undocumented Chota Bazar Massacre |url=https://thekashmiriyat.co.uk/chota-bazar-massacre/ |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=The Kashmiriyat |language=en-US}}</ref>

==1993==
'''Indian security forces'''
*[[Bijbehara massacre]]<ref name="Mathur2016"/>
*[[Sopore massacre]]<ref name="Mathur2016"/>
*[[1993 Lal Chowk fire]]<ref name="Mathur2016"/>

==1994==
'''Indian security forces'''
*[[Kupwara massacre]]

== 1995 ==
'''Terrorists'''
*[[1995 kidnapping of western tourists in Jammu and Kashmir]]

==1997==
'''Terrorists'''
*[[1997 Sangrampora massacre]]

==1998==
'''Terrorists'''
*[[1998 Wandhama massacre]]
*[[1998 Prankote massacre]]
*[[1998 Chapnari massacre]]

==2000==
'''Terrorists'''
*[[2000 Amarnath pilgrimage massacre]]

=== Undetermined ===

* [[Chittisinghpura massacre]]

==2001==
'''Terrorists'''
* [[2001 Amarnath pilgrimage massacre]]
*[[2001 Kishtwar massacre]]
*[[2001 Kot Charwal massacre]]

==2002==
'''Terrorists'''

* [[2002 Amarnath pilgrimage massacre]]
*[[2002 Qasim Nagar massacre]]
*[[2002 Kaluchak massacre]]
*[[2002 Raghunath temple attacks]]

==2003==
'''Terrorists'''

*[[2003 Nadimarg massacre]]

==2004==
'''Terrorists'''

*[[2004 Teli Katha massacre]]

==2006==
'''Terrorists'''

*[[2006 Doda massacre]]

==2017==
'''Terrorists'''

* [[2017 Amarnath Yatra attack]]

==2019==
'''Terrorists'''
* [[2019 Kulgam massacre]]
==2025==
'''Terrorists'''
* [[2025 Pahalgam attack]]

==See also==
*[[Human rights abuses in Jammu and Kashmir]]
*[[Rape in Kashmir conflict]]

== References ==
<references />
{{notelist}}

{{Massacres}}

[[Category:Massacres in Jammu and Kashmir| ]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir-related lists|Massacres]]

Operation Combine

2026-01-22T02:17:54Z

DessiePelloe5: minor enhanced content based on references also and improved wording

{{short description|Operation launched by the Sri Lankan army in order to kill rebel leaders}}
{{onesource|date=January 2026}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Counterinsurgency during the second JVP insurrection
| partof = [[1987-1989 JVP insurrection]]
| date = 1989-1990
| place = [[Sri Lanka]]
| image =
| caption = [[Sri Lankan Armed Forces]] deployed to capture rebel leaders
| territory =
| result = [[Government of Sri Lanka|Sri Lankan Government]] captures and executes major rebel leaders
| combatant1 = {{Flagicon|Sri Lanka}} '''[[Sri Lanka]]'''
| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Hammer and Sickle Red Star with Glow.svg|border=no border}} '''[[Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna|JVP]]'''
| commander1 = {{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} [[File:Coat of arms of Sri Lanka.svg|14px]] [[Ranjan Wijeratne]]
| commander2 = {{flagicon image|Hammer and Sickle Red Star with Glow.svg|border=no border}} '''[[Rohana Wijeweera]]''' {{Executed}} {{flagicon image|Hammer and Sickle Red Star with Glow.svg|border=no border}} [[Saman Piyasiri Fernando]] {{Executed}} {{flagicon image|Hammer and Sickle Red Star with Glow.svg|border=no border}} [[Upatissa Gamanayake]] {{Executed}}
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
}}
{{Infobox military unit
|commander5 = [[Ranjan Wijeratne]]
|commander5_label= Founder
|commander3 = [[Janaka Perera]]
|allegiance = [[Sri Lanka Armed Forces]]
|role= Ground warfare
}}

'''Operation Combine''' (''' Ops Combine''') was a special operation established by the [[Sri Lanka Army]] from 4 August 1989 to February 1990 as [[counterinsurgency]] operation with support of the [[Sri Lanka Police]] against the [[Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna]] (JVP) which had launched a its [[1987–89 JVP Insurrection|second insurgency]] in 1987.<ref name="island1">{{cite news |last1=Ferdinando |first1=Shamindra |title=President fails to capitalize on victory over JVP War on terror revisited |url=http://island.lk/index.php?page_cat=article-details&page=article-details&code_title=74944 | date=17 March 2013 | accessdate=30 June 2020 |newspaper=The Island|location=Sri Lanka}}</ref>

==Background==
{{main|1987-1989 JVP insurgency}}
By the late 80s the Sri Lankan Government was at conflict with various Tamil and Sinhalese militant groups. The Tamil militants were active in the North-Eastern province and the Sinhalese militants were active in the South-Western province. The [[Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna]] was the most significant threat to the government as of 1989 due to their attempts to topple the government.

The JVP in 1987 [[1987 grenade attack in the Sri Lankan Parliament|bombed the Sri Lankan parliament]] as an attempt to topple the government. By the 1988 the insurgency came to peak and everyday, over 50 bodies were discovered on the streets.

==Operation==
Under orders from the newly elected President [[Ranasinghe Premadasa]], Operation Combine was established by Lieutenant Colonel [[Ranjan Wijeratne]], [[Minister of Defence (Sri Lanka)|State Minister of Defence]] on 4 August 1989 at the height of the [[1987–89 JVP Insurrection]] in the south of Sri Lanka. The [[Special Task Force (Sri Lanka)|Special Task Force]] was headed by Major General [[Cecil Waidyaratne]], [[Chief of Staff of the Army (Sri Lanka)|Army Chief of Staff]] with [[Brigadier]] [[Lakshman Algama]] serving as his deputy and established its [[headquarters]] at [[Havelock Town]]. The [[Special Task Force (Sri Lanka)|Special Task Force]] carried out intelligence gathering and direct action operations against the JVP, targeting its leadership. It was successful in tracking down and eliminating much of the JVP leadership which culminated with the capture and death of its leader [[Rohana Wijeweera]] on 12 November 1989.<ref name="island1"/>

On 27 December 1989, a special police team, led by SSP Lionel Gunathilake, arrested [[Saman Piyasiri Fernando]] along with his mother and fiancé; who was a sister of JVP politburo member Daya Wanniarachchi, at Koswatte, Nawala, at a rented house owned by Mark Antony Fernando, who works at SLBC. According to the police sources, the number of military books found inside the house and some of them are not found in Sri Lankan military libraries. [[Lalith Wijerathna]], Upali Jayaweera, Ranjitham Gunaratnam, Gamini Wijegunasekara and [[Shantha Bandara]] tried to regroup. However, the government forces managed to capture them and subsequently killed them in December 1989. The leadership of the JVP was transferred to [[Lalith Wijerathna]]. It is believed that Wijerathna was captured in Colombo by a special police team from Kandy either late December 1989 or early January 1990. At a later date in January he was allegedly executed by his captors in Kandy in the last days of Operation Combine.<ref name="island1"/>

==End of the operation==

The Sri Lankan government media released on 29 December 1989, as "the leader of the JVP military wing killed along with four other cadres due to the cross fire between security forces and the JVP at their military wing headquarters, a farm located at Hedigama-Suwarapola, Piliyandala". Following the death of Wijeweera and other key leaders, the JVP insurrection collapsed and Operation Combine was terminated in February 1990 by Ranjan Wijeratne.<ref name="island1"/>

==Notable members==
*[[Member of Parliament|MP]] [[Ranjan Wijeratne]] - Minister of defense, Sri Lanka
*[[Colonel]] [[Janaka Perera]] - Special operations, Operation Combine
*[[Major General]] [[Cecil Waidyaratne]]
*[[Brigadier]] [[Lakshman Algama]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Sri Lanka}}

[[Category:Military units and formations of the Sri Lanka Army]]
[[Category:1987–1989 JVP insurrection]]
[[Category:Battles and operations of the 1987–1989 JVP insurrection]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan intelligence operations]]
[[Category:Counterterrorist operations]]
[[Category:Anti-communism]]
[[Category:United National Party]]
[[Category:Military history of Sri Lanka]]

Central Depository Services Limited

2026-01-15T14:40:43Z

DessiePelloe5:

{{Short description|Indian security depository}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Central Depository Services (India) Limited
| logo = Central Depository Services (India) Limited.svg
| logo_size = 250
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{NSE|CDSL}}
| ISIN = [https://nsdl.co.in/master_search_detail_res.php?isin=INE736A01011 INE736A01011]
| industry = Depository services<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/finance/holding-the-key-to-cdsl-s-growth-news-features-kizcFhjafch.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019072201/http://www.sify.com/finance/holding-the-key-to-cdsl-s-growth-news-features-kizcFhjafch.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-10-19 |title=Holding the key to CDSL's growth |website=[[Sify]] |date=2010-08-25 |accessdate=2011-02-12}}</ref>
| key_people = Nehal Vora {{small|([[Managing director|MD]] & [[CEO]])}}<ref>{{cite news|url= |title=CDSL reduces demat charges to Rs 5. - PTI - The Press Trust of India Ltd. |publisher=|date=2005-12-12 |accessdate=}}</ref>
| products =
| services = {{ubl|[[Dematerialization (securities)|Dematerialisation]] of [[securities]] |Transfer, [[Clearing (finance)|clearing]] and [[Settlement (finance)|settlement]] of securities transactions}}
| revenue = {{up}} {{INRConvert|812|c}} (2024)
| operating_income = {{up}} {{INRConvert|488|c}} (2024)
| net_income = {{up}} {{INRConvert|420|c}} (2024)
| assets = {{up}} {{INRConvert|1781|c}} (2024)
| equity = {{up}} {{INRConvert|1463|c}} (2024)
| foundation = {{start date|1999|02}}
| location = [[Mumbai]], India
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.cdslindia.com/}}
| footnotes = Financials {{as of|2024|03|31|lc=y|df=y}}.
}}
'''Central Depository Services (India) Ltd.''' ('''CDSL''') is an Indian [[central securities depository]], founded in 1999.<ref>{{Cite news |title=CDSL demat accounts, which began its operations in 1999, cross 2.5 crore mark |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/banking/finance/banking/cdsl-demat-accounts-which-began-its-operations-in-1999-cross-2-5-crore-mark/articleshow/77892925.cms |access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref>

CDSL is the largest depository in India in terms of the number of [[demat account]]s opened. In February 2022, CDSL became the first depository in India to open 60 million active demat accounts.<ref name="economictimes">{{Cite news |title=CDSL becomes first depository to open 6 crore active demat accounts |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/cdsl-becomes-first-depository-to-open-6-crore-active-demat-accounts/articleshow/89918642.cms |access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref> As of March 2022, the depository holds assets worth {{INR}}37.2 trillion,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sethuraman |first=Sundar |date=2022-04-14 |title=Demat account tally jumps 63% to 89.7 million in FY22, shows data |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/india-s-demat-account-tally-up-63-to-89-7-million-in-fy22-shows-data-122041401088_1.html |access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref> with over 580 [[depository participant]]s associated with CDSL.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Make It Mandatory for Brokers To Subscribe to CDSL's Easiest Facility To Transfer Shares: Retail Investors |url=https://www.moneylife.in/article/make-it-mandatory-for-brokers-to-subscribe-to-cdsls-easiest-facility-to-transfer-shares-retail-investors/66920.html |access-date=2022-06-08 |website=Moneylife NEWS & VIEWS |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==

In February 1999, CDSL received certificate of commencement of business from [[Securities and Exchange Board of India]] (SEBI).<ref>{{Cite web |title=SEBI {{!}} Certificate of commencement of business granted to CDSL |url=https://www.sebi.gov.in/media/press-releases/feb-1999/certificate-of-commencement-of-business-granted-to-cdsl_21712.html |access-date=2022-06-08 |website=www.sebi.gov.in}}</ref> On 30 June 2017, CDSL was listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) through [[initial public offering]] (IPO)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bumper Listing: CDSL debuts at Rs 250; zooms 80% over issue price |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/ipo/bumper-listing-cdsl-debuts-at-rs-250-zooms-80-over-issue-price-2315323.html |access-date=2022-06-08 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref> making it the first depository in Asia-Pacific region and only the second depository in the world to get listed.

CDSL was initially promoted by [[Bombay Stock Exchange|BSE Limited]]. Currently, the top shareholders are BSE Limited, Standard Chartered Bank, PPFAS Mutual Fund, HDFC Bank and LIC.<ref name="economictimes" />

==See also==
*[[National Securities Depository Limited|National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL)]]
*[[National Stock Exchange of India|National Stock Exchange]]
*[[Clearstream]]
*[[Euroclear]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.cdslindia.com Official website]
{{Insurance in India}}
{{Financial services in India}}

[[Category:Central securities depositories of India]]
[[Category:Financial services companies based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Financial services companies established in 1999]]
[[Category:1999 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1999]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]

{{india-company-stub}}

Ratha Yatra (Puri)

2026-01-11T02:31:14Z

DessiePelloe5:

{{Short description|Hindu Odia chariot festival dedicated to the deity Jagannath}}
{{about|the car festival in Puri|broader coverage about car festival|Ratha Yatra}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Religious text primary|date=February 2017}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=February 2023}}
}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox holiday
| holiday_name = Ratha Yatra of Puri
| image = Rath Yatra Puri 07-11027.jpg
| caption = Three chariots of the deities with the temple in the background, Puri
| type = Hindu
| longtype = [[Religious]]
| observedby = [[Hindus|Hindu]]
| significance = Represents the soul’s journey towards salvation
| begins = [[Ashadha|Āshādha]] [[Paksha|Shukla]] [[Dwitiya|Dvitiyā]]
| ends = Āshādha Shukla [[Dashami]]
| date2019 = 4 July
| date2020 = 23 June
| date2021 = 12 July
| date2022 = 1 July
| date2023 = 20 June
| frequency = annual
| nickname = Ghosha Jātrā
| duration = 1 week, 2 days
| date =
| date2024 = 7 July, Sunday
| date2025 = 27 June, Friday<ref>[https://www.drikpanchang.com/festivals/ratha-yatra/jagannatha-rathayatra-date-time.html?year=2025 Ratha Yatra 2025]</ref>
}}


The '''Ratha Yatra''' '''of Puri''', also rendered as the '''Ratha Jatra''' ({{Langx|or|ରଥଯାତ୍ରା|lit='''Chariot Festival'''' or ''''Car Festival'''}}) ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ʌ|θ|ə|_|ˈ|j|ɑː|t|r|ɑː}}, {{IPA|or|ɾɔt̪ʰɔ dʒat̪ɾa}}), is considered the oldest and largest Hindu chariot festival celebrated annually, on the bright half of the lunar month of [[Ashadha|Ashadh]] (June–July).<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Lochtefeld |first=James G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GnmPzgEACAAJ |title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z |date=2002 |publisher=Rosen |isbn=978-0-8239-3180-4 |pages=567 |language=en |access-date=23 April 2023 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415134917/https://books.google.com/books?id=GnmPzgEACAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-07-04 |title=Rath Yatra: The legend behind world's largest chariot festival |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-48864239 |access-date=2023-06-15 |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217152645/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-48864239 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Ratha Yatra is held at the city of [[Puri]], in the state of [[Odisha]], India and associated with the deity [[Jagannath]] (a form of [[Vishnu]] or [[Krishna]]).<ref name=":1" /> During the festival, three deities (Jagannath, his brother [[Balabhadra]] and sister [[Subhadra]]) are drawn by a multitude of devotees in three massive, wooden chariots on ''bada danda'' (the grand avenue) to [[Gundicha Temple]] whereby they reside there for a week and then return to the [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagnannath temple]]. This return trip is referred to as the Bahuda Yatra.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.readwhere.com/read/c/72800774|title=পুরীধাম ও জগন্নাথদেবের ব্রহ্মরূপ বৃত্তান্ত|language=bn|date=28 June 2023|access-date=28 June 2023|website=dainikstatesmannews.com|publisher=[[Dainik Statesman]] (The Statesman Group)|location=Kolkata|first=Yogabrata|last=Chakraborty|trans-title=Puridham and the tale of lord Jagannath's legendary 'Bramharup'|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628103603/https://www.readwhere.com/read/c/72800774|archive-date=28 June 2023|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> On their way back from the [[Gundicha Temple]], the three deities stop for a while near the [[Mausi Maa Temple]] (Aunt's abode) and have an offering of the Poda Pitha, which is a special type of pancake supposed to be the deity's favourite. After a stay of seven days, the deities return to their abode.

== History ==
{{Expand section|date=June 2025}}
Descriptions of the Ratha Yatra can be found in [[Brahma Purana]], [[Padma Purana]], the [[Skanda Purana]], and the [[Kapila Purana|Kapila Samhita]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Purana |first=Padma Purana |date=July 2005 |title=Vedic Background of Jagannath Cult |url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/jul2005/engpdf/eng_july_05_pdf.pdf#page=22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923165152/http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/jul2005/engpdf/eng_july_05_pdf.pdf#page=22 |archive-date=23 September 2021 |access-date=15 June 2023}}</ref> Records of the festival have been noted by European travelers since the 13th century, with the most prominent and vivid descriptions noted in the 17th century.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kulke |first=Hermann |date=1980 |title=Rathas and Rajas: The Car Festival at Puri |url=https://fid4sa-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/3968/1/Rathas%20and%20Rajas.pdf |journal=The Journal of Orissan History |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=28–39 |access-date=21 July 2023 |archive-date=21 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721141040/https://fid4sa-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/3968/1/Rathas%20and%20Rajas.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

There are records of Hindu devotees intentionally casting themselves under the wheels of the chariot and being crushed, as they considered it a holy act.

== The Chariots ==
The three chariots of [[Jagannath]], Balabhadra and Subhadra are newly constructed every year with wood of specified trees like phassi, dhausa, etc. They are customarily brought from the ex-princely state of [[Dashapalla|Dasapalla]] by a specialist team of carpenters who have hereditary rights and privileges for the same. The logs are traditionally set afloat as rafts in the river [[Mahanadi]]. These are collected near [[Puri]] and then transported by road.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Reporter|date=2021-07-11|title=Puri decked up for Rath Yatra without devotees for second successive year|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/puri-decked-up-for-rath-yatra-without-devotees-for-second-successive-year/article35262923.ece|access-date=2021-07-13|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713181928/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/puri-decked-up-for-rath-yatra-without-devotees-for-second-successive-year/article35262923.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

The three chariots are decorated as per the unique scheme prescribed and followed for centuries stand on the Bada Danda, the Grand Avenue. The chariots are lined across the wide avenue in front of the temple close to its eastern entrance, which is also known as the Singhadwara or the Lion's Gate.

Around each of the chariots are nine Parsva devatas, painted wooden images representing different deities on the chariots' sides. Each chariot has a charioteer (Sarathi) and four horses.

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
!Chariot Details
!Jagannath
!Balabhadra
!Subhadra
|-
|Name of Chariot
|Nandighosha (ନନ୍ଦିଘୋଷ)
|Taladhwaja (ତାଳଧ୍ୱଜ)
|Darpadalana (ଦର୍ପଦଳନ)
|-
|Alternates name of Chariot
|Garudadhwaja, Kapidhwaja
|Langaladhwaja
|Devadalana, Padmadhwaja
|-
|Main Deity
|[[Jagannath]]
|[[Balarama]]
|[[Subhadra]]
|-
|Image
|[[File:Nandighosha Ratho.png|center|frameless|alt=|253x253px]] [[File:Lord Shri Jagannath on His Chariot Nandighosha.jpg|center|frameless|200x200px]]
|[[File:Taladhwaja Ratho.png|center|frameless|alt=|250x250px]] [[File:Chariot Taladhwaja of Lord Balabhadra.jpg|center|frameless|200x200px]]
|[[File:Debadalana Ratho.png|center|alt=|frameless|245x245px]] [[File:Chariot Devidalana of Goddess Subhadra.jpg|center|frameless|200x200px]]
|-
|Number of wheels
|16
|14
|12
|-
|Total Number of wooden pieces used
|832
|763
|593
|-
|Height
|44' 2"
|43' 3"
|42' 3"
|-
|Length and breadth
|34'6" x 34'6"
|33' x 33'
|31'6" x 31'6"
|-
|Colours of the canopies
|Red, Yellow
(yellow associated with Vishnu)
|Red, Bluish green
|Red, Black

(Black associated with the Goddess)
|-
|Guardian
|[[Garuda]]
|[[Vasudeva]]
|[[Jayadurga]]
|-
|Charioteer
|Daruka
|Matali
|[[Arjuna]]
|-
|Flag name
|Trailokyamohini
|Unnani
|Nadambika
|-
|Flag emblem
|
|Palm Tree
|
|-
|Name of Horses
|
# Shankha
# Balahaka
# Shweta
# Haridashwa
|
# Tibra
# Ghora
# Dirghasharma
# Swarnanava
|
# Rochika
# Mochika
# Jita
# Aparajita
|-
|Colour of Horses
|White
|Black
|Red
|-
|Name of Chariot Rope
|Sankhachudha Nagini
|[[Vasuki|Basuki]] Naga
|Swarnachuda Nagini
|-
|Accompanying deity
|Madanmohan
|Ramakrishna
|[[Sudarshana Chakra|Sudarshana]]
|-
|Gatekeepers ([[Dvarapala]])
|
# [[Jaya-Vijaya|Jaya]]
# [[Jaya-Vijaya|Vijaya]]
|
# Nanda
# Sunanda
|
# [[Ganga in Hinduism|Ganga]]
# [[Yamuna in Hinduism|Jamuna]]
|-
|Nine parshvadevata (Subsidiary deities)
|
# Panchamukhi Mahabir ([[Hanuman]])
# [[Harihara]]
# Madhusudana ([[Vishnu]])
# Giridhari ([[Krishna]])
# [[Narasimha|Pandu Narasingha]]
# Chintamani [[Krishna]]
# [[Narayana]] (Vishnu)
# Chatra Bhanga Rabana ([[Rama]])
# [[Rama]] seated on Hanuman
|
# [[Ganesha|Nata Ganapati]]
# [[Kartikeya]]
# Hastina Balaram ([[Balarama|Balaram]])
# [[Lakshmana|Lakshman]] with [[Hanuman]]
# Pralambari (Balarama)
# Haladhara (Balarama)
# Dwavimsabhuj [[Narasimha]]
# [[Nataraja|Natamvara]] ([[Shiva]])
# [[Shesha|Anantanag]]
|
# Banadurga
# [[Chamunda]]
# [[Bhadrakali]]
# [[Chandi|Harachandi]] ([[Durga]] )
# Ramchandi (Durga)
# [[Varahi]]
# [[Katyayani]]
# [[Maa Mangala Temple, Kakatpur|Mangala]]
# [[Vimala Temple|Vimala]]
|}

==Events in Yatra==
=== Service offerings ===
[[Jagannath temple]] employs different kinds of [[Selfless service|sevakas]] who offer their services on the Ratha.
* Suara
* Mahasuara
* Dahuka: Ratha [[dahuka boli]] ({{Langx|or|ଡାହୁକ ବୋଲି}}, also "Dahuka gita" (ଡାହୁକ ଗୀତ)) which are poetic recitations. Ratha Yatra being a symbolic expression of [[fertility]] and [[Biological life cycle|Life cycle]], these "boli" sung by the Dahuka contain bawdy songs. It is believed that unless the Dahuka boli is sung 'Ratha' does not move.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |title=The Eastern anthropologist, Volume 54 |author=Ethnographic and Folk-Culture Society (Lucknow, India) |year=2001 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tKR-AAAAMAAJ&q=dahuka |location=Lucknow, India |access-date=29 October 2016 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405051232/https://books.google.com/books?id=tKR-AAAAMAAJ&q=dahuka |url-status=live }}</ref> These songs are sung publicly without any kind of hold on the lyrics.<ref>{{cite book|title=Lord Jagannatha: the microcosm of Indian spiritual culture|last=Surendra|first=Mahanty|author-link=Surendra Mohanty|year=1982|publisher=Orissa Sahitya Akademi|pages=93|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XNIXAAAAIAAJ&q=dahuka|location=Bhubaneswar, Orissa|access-date=29 October 2016|archive-date=3 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103173813/https://books.google.com/books?id=XNIXAAAAIAAJ&q=dahuka|url-status=live}}</ref> Dahuka controls the movement of Ratha during the festival.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gmtuAAAAMAAJ&q=dahuka | title=Orissa, people, culture, and polity | publisher=Kalyani Publishers | year=1980 | access-date=26 March 2012 | author=B. B. Jena | pages=313 | isbn=9788123726731 | archive-date=3 November 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103173813/https://books.google.com/books?id=gmtuAAAAMAAJ&q=dahuka | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sILXAAAAMAAJ&q=dahuka | title=Car Festival of Lord Jagannath, Puri | publisher=Sri Jagannath Research Centre (Purī, India) | access-date=26 March 2012 | author=Sarat Chandra Mahapatra | year=1994 | location=Puri, India | archive-date=3 November 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103173810/https://books.google.com/books?id=sILXAAAAMAAJ&q=dahuka | url-status=live }}</ref>
* Daita pati
* Puspalaka
* Banati Players: '''Banati''' is an age-old art, in which a person spins balls set on fire and tied to the ends of a rope. Every year during the Rath yatra devotees perform "Banati" to appease Jagannath.<ref>{{cite news|title="Banati" players perform martial art ode to Lord Jagannath|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1068285251.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601070513/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1068285251.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 June 2013|access-date=15 September 2012|newspaper=Hindustan Times, Delhi|via=[[HighBeam Research]]|date=27 June 2006}}</ref> Knives and fireballs, which are attached to the Banati add colour to the procession of the deity as it reaches its destination

===Hera Panchami===
'''Hera Panchami''' is a ritual observed during the period of Rath Yatra in the [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Grand Jagannath Temple of Puri]]. It is known as a ritual of Goddess [[Lakshmi]]. The fifth day from Rath Yatra, i.e., the fifth day in bright fortnight of [[Ashadha]] is known as the Hera Panchami.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jagannathdham.com/hera-panchami/ |title=Hera Panchami – Articles - Jagannath Dham |work=jagannathdham.com |year=2012 |quote=It is celebrated on Ashada Shukla Panchami, fifth day in bright fortnight of Ashadha month in Oriya calendar. |accessdate=25 June 2012 |archive-date=14 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814035415/http://www.jagannathdham.com/hera-panchami/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.shreekhetra.com/carfestival2.html| title=Rituals of Car Festival of Puri| quote=‘Hera’ means to ‘see’ and ‘Panchami’ means the ‘fifth day’.| accessdate=June 25, 2012| archive-date=11 May 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511103651/http://shreekhetra.com/carfestival2.html| url-status=live}}</ref> During Ratha Yatra, lord [[Jagannath]] comes out on a divine outing with his brother Balabhadra and sister Subhadra along with his divine weapon Sudarshana, leaving behind His wife Mahalaxmi. The Goddess expresses her anger for the deity. She proceeds to the [[Gundicha Temple]], the Adapa Mandapa in a palanquin in the form of a Subarna Mahalaxmi and threatens Him to come back to the temple at the earliest. To please her, the deity concedes to her by offering her {{Transliteration|mr|agyan mala}} (a garland of consent). Seeing the Goddess furious, the sevakas close the main door of the Gundicha. Mahalaxmi returns to the main temple through the Nakachana gate. In a unique ritual, the Goddess orders one of her attendants to damage a part of the Nandighosa chariot. This is followed by her hiding behind a tamarind tree outside the Gundicha Temple. After some time, she escapes to her home temple in secrecy, through a separate path way known as Hera Gohri Lane<ref>{{cite web |url= http://orissadiary.com/orissa_profile/ori_festival/june/Hera_Panchami.asp |title= Hera Panchami |work= orissadiary.com |year= 2012 |quote= Laxmi sets out in night and visits the Gundicha Temple through Badadanda and returns secretly through the Heragohiri Sahi or street after breaking a piece of wood of Nandigosha Ratha |accessdate= 25 June 2012 |archive-date= 23 June 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120623193413/http://orissadiary.com/orissa_profile/ori_festival/june/Hera_Panchami.asp |url-status= dead }}</ref> The unique ritual is enjoyed by lakhs of devotees of Jagannath.
The rituals of Hera Panchami as an important function of Srimandira finds mention in [[Skanda Purana]]. According to the history of the Temple, this "utsav" started during the time of Maharaja Kapilendra Deb. Before his reign, the Hera Panchami function was being observed in a symbolic way with recitation of Mantras. As stated in [[Madala Panji]], Raja Kapilendra Deb substituted this practice with the introduction of an idol of Mahalaxmi made of gold and making the celebration more realistic.<ref name=Odishareview>{{cite journal|last1=Dash|first1=Durgamadhaba|title=The Ritual of Herapanchami and Lord Jagannath|issue=April, 2015|pages=6–10|url=http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2015/Apr/engpdf/6-10.pdf|accessdate=17 August 2015}}</ref>

=== Chandana Yatra ===

The ''Chandan yatra'' or "Sandalwood Festival" is a 42-day period that marks the beginning of construction work for the chariots. The period is divided in half, consisting of 21 days each. The first half is known as ''Bahar chandan'', whereby the representative images of the presiding deities are taken out in colorful processions and given a ceremonial boat ride in the Narendra tank every day. These deities include Madan Mohan (Jagannath), Rama-Krishna, Lakshmi, Saraswati and the Pancha Pandava - the presiding deities of the five main Shiva temples. The latter, known as ''Bhitar chandan,'' consists of various rituals not open to the public.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Melton |first=J. Gordon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lD_2J7W_2hQC&dq=ratha+yatra+encyclopedia&pg=PA171 |title=Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations [2 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations |date=2011-09-13 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-206-7 |pages=171 |language=en |access-date=11 July 2023 |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103173809/https://books.google.com/books?id=lD_2J7W_2hQC&dq=ratha+yatra+encyclopedia&pg=PA171 |url-status=live }}</ref> The construction of the chariots starts on Akshaya Tritiya, the third day of the bright fortnight of Vaisakha, with ritual fire worship. This takes place in front of the palace of the King of Puri and opposite the main office of the Puri temple. Later the deities have a ritual bath in a small temple in the middle of the tank, in stone tubs filled with water, sandalwood paste, scents, and flowers.

This sandalwood festival culminates in the ''[[Snana Yatra]]'' or "Bathing Festival" which takes place on the full moon day of the month of Jyeshtha. The deities, Jagannath, Balbhadra and Subhadra are bathed with 108 pots of water and then remain in symbolic and ritual convalescence for about two weeks. They are barred from the view of the public.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Verma |first=Manish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z4gzFFLdBoYC&dq=snan+yatra&pg=PA31 |title=Fasts and Festivals of India |date=2013 |publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd. |isbn=978-81-7182-076-4 |pages=31 |language=en |access-date=11 July 2023 |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103173808/https://books.google.com/books?id=z4gzFFLdBoYC&dq=snan+yatra&pg=PA31#v=onepage&q=snan%20yatra&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> Only three special patta chitras, traditional Oriya paintings of natural colors on cloth stiffened with starch, known as Anasara Pattis, are strung on a bamboo screen hiding the deities from public view, can be seen by the public. During this period, the deities are given only roots, leaves, berries and fruits to cure them of their indisposition. This ritual is a reminder of the strong tribal elements in the genesis and evolution of the Jagannatha cult. The progeny of Lalita, daughter of the original tribal worshipper Biswabasu, chieftain of hunters, and the Brahmin priest Vidyapati, are known as daitapatis or daitas. They have the almost exclusive privilege of serving the deityduring the convalescence and through the entire period of Ratha Jatra or the Festival of Chariots.

=== Suna Besha ===
[[File:Golden Attire or Suna Vesha of Lord Shri Jagannath of Puri.jpg|thumb|235x235px|The Suna Besha of Jagannath]]
After the chariots of the deities return to the main temple from the Gundicha temple, the deities are attired in gold ornaments and worshipped on the chariots. This celebration is known as [[Suna Besha]]. Tradition maintains that this event was first started by King [[Kapilendra Deva]] in 1460, when after returning victorious from war he donated gold to [[Jagannath]].<ref name="auto">{{cite news|title=Jagannath glitters in golden get-up|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Jagannath-glitters-in-golden-get-up/articleshow/38041163.cms|access-date=13 July 2014|work=The Times of India|date=9 July 2014|archive-date=12 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712090910/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Jagannath-glitters-in-golden-get-up/articleshow/38041163.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The deities are adorned with gold jewelry weighing nearly 208  kg. In 2014 nearly nine hundred thousand devotees witnessed this event held on 9 July.<ref name="auto"/>

=== The Ratha Yatra and Pahandi of 2015 ===
[[File:Naveen Patnaik (FB) 09.jpg|thumb|Pahandi of Jagannath during Rathajatra 2017.]]
In 2015 on the occasion of Rath Yatra, lakhs of devotees thronged the coastal town of Puri to catch a glimpse of the deities [[Nabakalebara|re-embodied]] after 19 years on chariots. This was the largest-ever religious congregation in Odisha.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}

== Rath Yatra of 2025 ==
The Rath Yatra of 2025 marked a significant shift in devotion with the integration of digital technology. Alongside the traditional physical gathering lakhs of devotees. A substantial number of people participated virtually through live streaming platforms,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jagannath Rath Yatra 2025: Direct Link To Watch Puri Rath Yatra Live & Timings |url=https://www.news18.com/lifestyle/jagannath-rath-yatra-2025-live-ritual-timings-route-map-traffic-advisory-direct-link-to-watch-online-9406989.html |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> reflecting the emergence of a digital revolution in religious observance.

Key highlights of the 2025 Yatra included enhanced crowd management strategies<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Odisha Cops Are Preparing To Manage Crowd During Rath Yatra |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/rath-yatra-jagannath-rath-yatra-puri-how-odisha-traffic-cops-are-preparing-to-manage-crowd-during-rath-yatra-8764422 |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref> implemented by local authorities, global live streaming that enabled wider participation, and a focus on environmental sustainability. Eco-friendly initiatives such as the use of biodegradable offerings and reduced single-use plastics were introduced, making the event more environmentally responsible than in previous years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Online {{!}} |first=E. T. |date=2025-06-30 |title=LIVE {{!}} 4th Day of Puri’s Jagannath Rath Yatra {{!}} Thousands of Devotees throng at Gundicha Temple |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/live-4th-day-of-puris-jagannath-rath-yatra-thousands-of-devotees-throng-at-gundicha-temple/videoshow/122152420.cms |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=The Economic Times |language=en}}</ref>

== Ratha Yatra dates ==

This table shows the dates for [[Ratha Yatra]] held in [[Puri]], [[Odisha]]. These dates shows from the Year [[Nabakalebara 2015|Nabakalebara, 2015]] to the Year of next (After 19 years) [[Nabakalebara|Nabakalebara, 2034]].{{citation needed|date=May 2025}}

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible citiwise-data" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%; width:500px; margin:0px 0px 0em 0em;"
! colspan="3" | [[Ratha Yatra]] in [[Puri]]
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Starting Date
([[Ashadha]] [[Paksha|Shukla]] [[Dwitiya|Dvitiya]])
! scope="col" | Ending Date
(9th day Of Ratha Yatra)
|-
! scope="row" | 2015
([[Nabakalebara 2015|Nabakalebara, 2015]])
| 18 July
| 26 July
|-
! scope="row" | 2016
| 6 July
| 14 July
|-
! scope="row" | 2017
| 25 June
| 3 July
|-
! scope="row" | 2018
| 14 July
| 22 July
|-
! scope="row" | 2019
| 4 July
| 12 July
|-
! scope="row" | 2020
| 23 June
| 1 July
|-
! scope="row" | 2021
| 12 July
| 20 July
|-
! scope="row" | 2022
| 1 July
| 9 July
|-
! scope="row" | 2023
| 20 June
| 28 June
|-
! scope="row" | 2024
| 7 July
| 15 July
|-
! scope="row" | 2025
| '''27 June'''
| '''5 July'''
|-
! scope="row" | 2026
| 16 July
| 24 July
|-
! scope="row" | 2027
| 5 July
| 13 July
|-
! scope="row" | 2028
| 23 June
| 1 July
|-
! scope="row" | 2029
| 13 July
| 21 July
|-
! scope="row" | 2030
| 2 July
| 10 July
|-
! scope="row" | 2031
| 22 June
| 30 June
|-
! scope="row" | 2032
| 9 July
| 17 July
|-
! scope="row" | 2033
| 28 June
| 6 July
|-
! scope="row" | 2034
([[Nabakalebara|Nabakalebara, 2034]])
| 17 July
| 25 July
|-
|}


==See also==
* [[Yatra#Famous yatras|Famous Hindu yatras]]
* [[Hindu pilgrimage sites in India]]
* [[List of Hindu festivals]]
* [[Padayatra]]
* [[Ratha Yatra]]
* [[Tirtha (Hinduism)|Tirtha]]
* [[Tirtha and Kshetra]]
* [[Gundicha Temple#Ratha Yatra rituals|Section-"Ratha Yatra rituals"]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{reflist|group=Hindu Holiday}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Rath Yatra}}
* [http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/OR-Annual-2009/pdf/65-67.pdf Orissa government publication on the event]
{{Jagannath}}
{{Odia culture}}

[[Category:Ratha Yatra]]
[[Category:Culture of Odisha]]
[[Category:Festivals in Jagannath]]
[[Category:Puri]]
[[Category:Religious festivals in India]]
[[Category:Hindu festivals]]

Birhi Kalan

2026-01-10T13:08:56Z

DessiePelloe5: done

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Birhi Kalan
| native_name = बिरही कलां
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Haryana
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Haryana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|28.59|N|76.15|E|region:IN-HR|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Charkhi Dadri district|Charkhi Dadri]]
| subdivision_type3 = Tehsil
| subdivision_name3 = Dadri-I
| area_total_km2 = 13.49
| population_total = 4649
| population_as_of = 2011 Census
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 127026
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 1250
| registration_plate = HR-19
}}

'''Birhi Kalan''' is a village in [[Charkhi Dadri district]] of the Indian state of [[Haryana]]. It is located in Charkhi Dadri tehsil. As of the [[2011 census of India|2011 Census of India]], the village had 879 households and a total population of 4,649, of which 2,433 were male and 2,216 were female.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PCA TV: Primary census abstract at town, village and ward level, Haryana - District Bhiwani - 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/6272}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Charkhi Dadri district]]
[[Category:Villages in Haryana]]

St. Patrick Church, Siddakatte

2025-12-28T17:16:03Z

DessiePelloe5: Made A Pg!

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{one source|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox church
|name = St. Patrick Church, Siddakatte
|fullname =
|image = St Patrick Church, Siddakatte.jpg
|caption = St. Patrick Church, Siddakatte
|native_name =

|denomination = [[Roman Catholic (Latin rite)]]
|churchmanship =
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|pushpin map = India Karnataka
|pushpin label position =
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|pushpin mapsize =
|map caption = Location in Karnataka
|coordinates = {{coord|12.99044|75.04995|format=dms|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| location=[[Siddakatte]], [[Bantwal]], [[Dakshina Kannada District]], [[Karnataka]]

|former name =
|bull date =
|founded date = 1926
|founder =
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|dedicated date =
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|cult =
|relics =
|events = After years of struggle, finally in 1820, under the able leadership of Joseph Baretto, this land was received as a gift from the Company to erect the first Roman Catholic church of North Kolkata. On 9th February 1822, the foundation stone of St. Patrick's Church was laid.

|past bishop =
|people =

|parish =
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|archdiocese =[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangalore]]
|metropolis =
|diocese = [[Diocese of Mangalore]]
|province =
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|synod =
|circuit =
|district =[[Dakshina Kannada]]
|division =
|subdivision =

|archbishop = [[Bernard Moras|Most Rev. Bernard Blasius Moras]]
|bishop = [[Aloysius Paul D'Souza|Rev. Aloysius Paul DSouza]]
|dean =
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|prebendary =
|rector =
|vicar = Rev. Fr. Antony Lasrado
|curate =
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The '''St. Patrick Church''' is a [[Roman Catholic Church]] situated in the locality of [[Siddakatte]], [[Bantwal]]. The [[church (building)|church]] was built in 1926.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = Siddakatte - Diocese of Mangalore|url = http://www.dioceseofmangalore.com/parishes1/s/1204-siddakatte|website = www.dioceseofmangalore.com|accessdate = 2016-01-05}}</ref> This church comes under [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Mangalore]].

St. Patrick’s Church is situated about 35 km from Mangaluru, beyond Agar, in a naturally beautiful and serene hill area known as Siddakatte. Surrounded by scenic hills and greenery, the church stands attractively amidst nature and is dedicated to St. Patrick.

The church, established in 1926, completed 100 years in 2026. While celebrating this centenary, it is important to recall and preserve the history and traditions of Siddakatte Parish over the past hundred years.

During the 18th century, under the rule of Tipu Sultan of Mysore, Christians in the Mangaluru region suffered severe persecution. Many Christians were forcibly taken to Srirangapatna, where they endured imprisonment and hardships for nearly 15 years until Tipu Sultan’s death. Many died due to hunger, illness, and torture, while only a few survived.

After their release, several Christian families returned and gradually resettled in different areas. Some families came and settled in Siddakatte, along with people of other communities such as Brahmins, Bunts, and Jains, living together peacefully.
Initially, Siddakatte came under Agar Parish, which itself originated from the older parish, Ponnagol (Agrar) in Bantwal taluk, Mangaluru. Due to the vast area of Agar Parish—covering places like Belthangady, Madanthyar, Nirkan, Loretto, and Siddakatte—and due to difficulties in travel, there arose a strong need for a separate parish church in Siddakatte.

Early History

Originally, Siddakatte belonged to Agar Parish. The first settlers showed deep faith and devotion. In 1906, about 4 acres of land were acquired at Surjabail (later called Salvadorbetta), where a small chapel and school were constructed.
Later, during the tenure of Fr. Raymond F. C. Mascarenhas (also the founder of the Bethany Congregation), additional land measuring 12.5 acres was purchased on 01-11-1913 at Siddakatte with the intention of building a church. Though initial plans faced obstacles, the beauty and suitability of the hill encouraged further efforts.
In 1924, under Fr. Reginald Pinto, construction of the chapel at Siddakatte began. Despite financial difficulties, with the cooperation and sacrifices of the people, the chapel was completed at a cost of Rs. 1200, as recorded in Agar Parish accounts.

Establishment of St. Patrick’s Church

In 1925, the new chapel was completed and solemnly dedicated to St. Patrick.

In the same year, Fr. J. D. Alvares SJ, Vicar General of the Mangaluru Diocese, blessed the chapel. The first feast Mass was celebrated by Fr. R. F. C. Mascarenhas, with the support of Christians and even Hindu benefactors.

On 10-04-1926, Bishop Valerian de Souza officially declared Siddakatte as an independent parish. On 01-05-1926, Fr. Louis J. Silva was appointed as the first parish priest. At that time, the parish had 107 families and 685 faithfuls.

Fr. Silva worked tirelessly with dedication and simplicity. He fostered unity among Christians and non-Christians alike and laid a strong spiritual foundation for the parish.

Growth and Development

In 1931, Fr. Edwin Gonsalves became parish priest. He emphasized education, catechism, family visits, and social welfare. Under his leadership, a convent, school, presbytery, and other facilities were developed. A church bell and tower were installed in 1938.

Despite challenges such as epidemics, financial crises, and natural calamities, the parish continued to grow through the faith, generosity, and cooperation of the people.

Subsequent parish priests—including Fr. Apollin Mathias, Fr. Gracian L. D’Souza, and Fr. John Cornelio—further strengthened the parish spiritually, educationally, and socially. Schools expanded, catechetical instruction improved, and parish infrastructure developed steadily.

By the time Siddakatte Church completed 26 years, it had become a vibrant and well-established parish, shining as a testimony of faith, sacrifice, and perseverance.

Rev. Fr. Raphael A. Silva assumed charge as the parish priest in 1968. During his tenure, the Ursuline Franciscan Sisters established their convent in the parish in 1971. He also introduced devotion to Mater Dolorosa (Our Lady of Sorrows) by installing her statue in the church. Under his leadership, the Parish Council was formally constituted, with Mr. Lazarus Noronha serving as its first Vice-President. In 1970, the Catholic Youth Movement (CYM) was established to promote youth participation in parish activities.

Rev. Fr. Herry S. Tauro served as parish priest from 1979 to 1982. During this period, the primary school at Kukkipadi was upgraded to the status of a high school, marking a significant development in local education.
Rev. Fr. Peter Serrao took charge of the parish in 1982. His tenure focused on social and educational development, particularly by facilitating access to government schemes for poor farmers and working towards improving the overall quality of life of parishioners. He also constructed a community hall for parish use. During his service, the church celebrated its 60th anniversary. Fr. Serrao played a key role in the formation of a new parish at Karimale–Vamadapadu and oversaw the construction of a new church there in 1992. His contributions are widely regarded as transformative for parish life.

Subsequently, Rev. Fr. John D’Souza (1992–1996) and Rev. Fr. Thomas D’Souza (1996–2000) served the parish, focusing on strengthening families and deepening faith formation.

Rev. Fr. Mark Walder was appointed parish priest in 2000 and provided leadership in spiritual, intellectual, and social spheres of parish life. He was succeeded by Rev. Fr. Valerian D’Souza, who served from 2007 to 2013 and was noted for his pastoral care and dedication to the community.

Rev. Fr. Antony Lasrado served as parish priest from 2013 to 2020. During his tenure, significant advances were made in the field of education, including the establishment of an English-medium school in 2014. The school building was later expanded with the support of parishioners and benefactors. A new Dwara (gateway) for the church was also constructed during this period.
Rev. Fr. Daniel D’Souza assumed office as parish priest in 2020. His tenure has been marked by extensive renovation and restoration work on the historic church in preparation for the centenary celebrations marking 100 years of its establishment.

Conclusion

The history of St. Patrick’s Church, Siddakatte, is a story of faith tested by suffering, hope sustained through perseverance, and community built through unity and sacrifice. As the parish celebrates its centenary, it remembers with gratitude the pioneers, priests, religious, and faithful who made Siddakatte a living house of God.

==Demographics==
{{expand section | additional demographics, before & after 2014|date=September 2017}}
The parish has 282 families with a population of 1,504 members as of September 2014.<ref name=":0" />

==Administration==
The church administration is famous for their service in education around [[Siddakatte]]. The institutions which are started by church administration are below.<ref name=":0" />
* Bal Christ Nivas
* Shanthi Rani Convent
* St. Patrick Higher Primary School
* St. Patrick English Medium School

== See also ==
*[[Roman Catholicism in Mangalore]]
*[[Goan Catholics]]
*[[Church Of Sacred Heart Of Jesus, Madanthyar]]
* [[Christianity in Karnataka]]
* [[Most Holy Redeemer Church, Belthangady]]
* [[Church of Most Holy Saviour, Agrar]]
* [[Mangalore]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Patrick Church, Siddakatte}}
[[Category:Churches in Mangalore Diocese]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic churches completed in 1926]]

Sonam Yadav

2025-12-08T07:36:50Z

DessiePelloe5: Made New Pg

{{short description|Indian cricketer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Sonam Yadav
| female = true
| full_name =
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2007|7|18|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Firozabad]], Uttar Pradesh
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = [[Left-arm orthodox spin|Slow left-arm orthodox]]
| role = [[Bowling (cricket)|Bowler]]

| club1 = [[Uttar Pradesh women's cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]
| year1 = 2021/22–present

| date = 9 May 2024
| source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1289956.html ESPNcricinfo

| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Women's [[cricket]]}}
{{MedalCountry |{{IND}} }}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup|U19 World Cup]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[2023 Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup|2023 South Africa]]|}}
{{Medal|W|[[2025 Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup|2025 Malaysia]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Under-19 Women's T20 Asia Cup|U19 Asia Cup]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[2024 ACC Under-19 Women's T20 Asia Cup|2024 Malaysia]]|}}
}}

'''Sonam Yadav''' is an Indian [[cricket]]er.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1289956.html |title=Sonam Yadav |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=9 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-10 |title=Sonam Yadav (Cricketer) Biography, Net Worth, IPL Age, Family |url=https://sacnilk24.com/player/sonam-yadav-cricketer/ |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=Sacnilk 24 |language=en |last1=24. Com |first1=Sacnilk }}</ref> She was part of the 2023 [[2023 Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup|World Cup]] winning Indian Under-19 T20 team. She mainly plays for the Under-19 team as a [[Bowling (cricket)|bowler]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-30 |title=Sonam Yadav: फिरोजाबाद के एक मजदूर की बेटी सोनम ने रोशन किया नाम, भारत को चैंपियन बनाने में की मदद |url=https://www.amarujala.com/cricket/cricket-news/firozabad-cricketer-sonam-yadav-story-india-women-icc-u19-t20-world-cup-2023-2023-01-29 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=Amar Ujal |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WPL 2023: Who is MI's young recruit Sonam Yadav?A labourer's daughter who is set to earn INR 1 million |url=https://www.wionews.com/sports/wpl-2023-who-is-mis-young-recruit-sonam-yadava-labourers-daughter-who-is-set-to-earn-inr-1-million-566689 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=wionews.com |date=28 February 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Sonam Yadav is an Indian cricketer who hails from [[Firozabad]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Sonam Yadav's father's name is Mukesh Yadav. Sonam Yadav's mother's name is Guddi Devi. Sonam's house is near Raja's Tal of Thana Tundla area. Sonam's father Mukesh Kumar works in a glass factory from a middle-class family.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-30 |title=Sonam Yadav: फिरोजाबाद के एक मजदूर की बेटी सोनम ने रोशन किया नाम, भारत को चैंपियन बनाने में की मदद |url=https://www.amarujala.com/cricket/cricket-news/firozabad-cricketer-sonam-yadav-story-india-women-icc-u19-t20-world-cup-2023-2023-01-29 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi |quote=क्रिकेटर सोनम यादव की मां गुड्डी देवी ने कहा कि मेरी बेटी जहां है वहां तक पहुंचने के लिए उसने बहुत मेहनत की है। उसकी मेहनत रंग लाई है। मुझे बहुत खुशी है कि मेरी बेटी ने देश को गौरवान्वित किया है।}}</ref>

== Under-19 career ==
In November 2022, ahead of the under-19 T20 World Cup, she was named in [[India women's national under-19 cricket team|India women's under-19 team]] for the five match T20 series against [[New Zealand women's national under-19 cricket team|New Zealand women's under-19 team]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/shweta-sehrawat-named-india-u-19-women-s-captain-for-t20-series-against-new-zealand-1345621 |title=Sehrawat named India U-19 Women's captain for New Zealand T20s |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=20 November 2022 |access-date=9 May 2024}}</ref> In December 2022, she was selected to the Under-19 team for the [[2023 Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/shafali-verma-to-lead-india-at-under-19-womens-world-cup-richa-ghosh-also-picked-1348179 |title=Shafali Verma to lead India at Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup, Richa Ghosh also picked |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=9 May 2024 |date=5 December 2022}}</ref>

Sonam took one wicket against [[South Africa]]. Sonam was not included in the playing-11 against UAE. After this, he returned to the playing-11 against Scotland and took two wickets for just one run. Sonam took one wicket for 22 runs in three overs against [[Australia]]. Sonam did not get any wickets in the match against [[Sri Lanka]], but she was quite economical. He gave only seven runs in three overs. Sonam did not get any wicket in the semi-final against [[New Zealand]]. In the final against [[England]], Sonam took one wicket for just three runs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sonam Yadav Profile - Cricket Player India Stats, Records |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/sonam-yadav-1289956 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=espncricinfo.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo|id=1289956}}
* {{cricketarchive|id=2301389}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav, Sonam}}
[[Category:2007 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh women cricketers]]
[[Category:Central Zone women cricketers]]
[[Category:People from Firozabad]]

Nutakki

2025-11-29T07:12:42Z

DessiePelloe5: starting initial info w/ refs

{{for|Nutakki surname}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nutakki
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline = File:Nutakki village signboard.jpg
| image_caption = Directional signboard of Nutakki village
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| pushpin_label = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|16.29217|N|80.33243|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Guntur district|Guntur]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Mandal]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Mangalagiri mandal|Mangalagiri]]
| government_footnotes = <ref name="panchayat">{{cite web |title=Gram Panchayat Identification Codes |url=http://saaksharbharat.nic.in/saaksharbharat/forms/gp_code.pdf |website=Saakshar Bharat Mission |publisher=National Informatics Centre |accessdate=7 May 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818173131/http://saaksharbharat.nic.in/saaksharbharat/forms/gp_code.pdf |archivedate=18 August 2017 |page=107 | url-status=dead}}</ref>
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)|Panchayati raj]]
| governing_body = Nutakki [[gram panchayat]]
| leader_title = [[Sarpanch]]
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="census">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book : Guntur (Part B) |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2817_PART_B_DCHB_GUNTUR.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Andhra Pradesh |accessdate=10 June 2019 |pages=14,270 |date=2011}}</ref>
| area_total_ha = 1122
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="population">{{cite web |title=Population |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=668086 |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |accessdate=8 May 2019}}</ref>
| population_total = 9236
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 522303
| area_code_type = 
| area_code = +91–8645
| registration_plate_type =
| registration_plate = AP
}}

'''Nutakki''' is a village in [[Guntur district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is located in [[Mangalagiri mandal]] part of [[Mangalagiri Tadepalle Municipal Corporation]] part of [[Guntur revenue division]].<ref name="census" />

== Geography ==

Nutakki is situated to the east of the mandal headquarters, [[Mangalagiri]],<ref name="village">{{cite web |title=District Census Handbook : Guntur (Part A) |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2817_PART_A_DCHB_GUNTUR.pdf |website=Census of India |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Andhra Pradesh |accessdate=5 June 2019 |pages=5,364–365 |date=2011}}</ref> at {{coord|16.29217|N|80.33243|E|}}. It is spread over an area of {{Convert|1122|ha|abbr=on}}.<ref name="census" />

== Governance ==

Nutakki [[gram panchayat]] is the [[Local self-government in India|local self-government]] of the village.<ref name="panchayat" /> It is divided into wards and each ward is represented by a ward member.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aDoppmCmeqUC&q=sarpanch|title=Citizen Participation in Rural Development|last=Seetharam|first=Mukkavilli|date=1990-01-01|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=9788170992271|page=34|language=en}}</ref> The village forms a part of [[Andhra Pradesh Capital Region]] and is under the jurisdiction of [[APCRDA]].<ref name="apcrda">{{cite web |title=Declaration of A.P. Capital Region |url=https://crda.ap.gov.in/APCRDADOCS/GOSACTSRULES/CRDA/01~14002014MAUD_MS253.PDF |website=[[Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority]] |publisher=[[Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department, Andhra Pradesh]] |accessdate=14 May 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511092238/https://crda.ap.gov.in/APCRDADOCS/GOSACTSRULES/CRDA/01~14002014MAUD_MS253.PDF |archivedate=11 May 2019 |page=4 |url-status=dead |date=30 December 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

== Education ==

As per the school information report for the academic year 2018–19, the village has a total of 7 schools. These include 4 [[Mandal Parishad Primary School|MPP]] and 3 private schools.<ref>{{cite web |title=School Information |url=https://cse.ap.gov.in/DSE/totalSchoolReport.xls# |website=Commissionerate of School Education |publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh |accessdate=7 May 2019}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of villages in Guntur district]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Guntur-geo-stub}}
[[Category:Villages in Guntur district]]

Tshüvau

2025-11-28T02:25:21Z

DessiePelloe5: Made Pg!

{{Short description|Village in Nagaland, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tshüvau
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = kix
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Nagaland
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Nagaland, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.182838|94.954198|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Nagaland]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Noklak district|Noklak]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 901
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Patsho Khiamniungan]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code =
| registration_plate = NL
| website = 
| footnotes =
}}
'''Tshüvau''' village or [[Tsuwao village]], comprising about 141 households, comes under [[Patsho Administrative Circle]] of [[Noklak district]], [[Nagaland]], India.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://nagalandtribune.in/a-lost-and-found-box-in-tsuwao-where-even-children-return-back-lost-sweets/ | title=A lost and found box in Tsuwao where children even return back lost sweets | newspaper=Nagaland Tribune|first=Shongmo|last=B|date=11 December 2023|accessdate=16 August 2025}}</ref> The language most widely spoken is [[Patsho Khiamniungan]], that of the [[Patsho|Patsho people]] there.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}

== Agriculture ==
People living in Tsuwao depend on multiple skills, total workers are 572 out of which men are 283 and women are 289. Total 355 Cultivators are depended on agriculture farming out of 167 are cultivated by men and 188 are women.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240319154248/https://www.indiagrowing.com/Nagaland/Tuensang/Panso/Tsuwao/Indiagrowing - Panso-Tsuwao-Noklak]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Noklak district]]

Madhu Koda

2025-11-25T06:41:38Z

DessiePelloe5: formatting fix

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1971)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Madhu Koda
| image = File:Shri Madhu Kora, Chief Minister of Jharkhand meeting with the Union Minister of Chemicals & Fertilizers and Steel, Shri Ram Vilas Paswan, in New Delhi on December 8, 2006 (cropped).jpg
| office = [[Member of the Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| constituency = [[Singhbhum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Singhbhum]]
| term_start = 16 May 2009
| term_end = 16 May 2014
| predecessor = [[Bagun Sumbrai]]
| successor = [[Laxman Giluwa]]
| party = [[Bhartiya Janta Party]]
| order1 = 4th
| office1 = Chief Minister of Jharkhand
| term_start1 = 14 September 2006
| term_end1 = 23 August 2008
| predecessor1 = [[Arjun Munda]]
| successor1 = [[Shibu Soren]]
| office2 = Member of the [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start2 = 2000
| term_end2 = 2009
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 = [[Geeta Koda]]
| constituency2 = [[Jaganathpur Assembly constituency|Jagannathpur]]
| office3 = Minister of Panchayat Raj and Rural Development, Jharkhand
| term_start3 = 2003
| term_end3 = 2005
| predecessor3 =
| successor3 =
| office4 = Minister of Mining Geology and Cooperative, Jharkhand
| term_start4 = 2005
| term_end4 = 2006
| office5 = Minister of State, Rural Engineering Organisation, Jharkhand
| term_start5 = 2000
| term_end5 = 2003
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1971|1|6}}
| birth_place = [[Gua, Jharkhand|Gua]], [[Jharkhand]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Geeta Koda]]|2004}}
| children = 1 daughter
| residence = [[Jagannathpur-Parulia|Jagannathpur]], [[Jharkhand]]
| website =
}}

'''Madhu Koda''' (born 6 January 1971) is an Indian politician who had served as the Chief Minister of [[Jharkhand]] from 2006 to 2008 (UPA alliance). He
was sworn in as the fifth [[Chief Minister of Jharkhand]] on 18 September 2006, and remained in office until he resigned on 27 August 2008.

Koda is the third independent legislator to assume the office of chief minister of an Indian state, including [[Bishwanath Das]] in [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] in 1971 and Flinder Anderson Khonglam in [[Meghalaya]] in 2002.

His wife [[Geeta Koda]], MP from [[West Singhbhum district]] is among the six MLAs representing smaller regional parties led by [[Hemant Soren]] formed on 13 July 2013.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/rural-electrification-case-court-grants-bail-to-madhu-koda/article4970679.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | title=Rural electrification case: Court grants bail to Madhu Koda | date=30 July 2013}}</ref> In December 2017, he was convicted by a court of law and sentenced to three-years in jail and fined {{INRConvert|25|l|lk=on}}.<ref name="conviction"/>

==Personal life==

Madhu Koda was born in Vill. Gua, District. [[West Singhbhum]] in Jharkhand. An ethnic Ho,<ref name="Thaker">{{cite news|last1=Thaker|first1=Jayesh|title=Poll Power Trips Geeta Koda means business|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1141128/jsp/jharkhand/story_19097253.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128004020/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1141128/jsp/jharkhand/story_19097253.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 November 2014|accessdate=11 November 2017|work=The Telegraph India|date=28 November 2014}}</ref> his father is Rasika Koda, a tribal farmer, who lives in Vill. Pathhatu in District. Singhbhum. He is a graduate from IGNOU centre, Bhubneshwar. His father wanted Madhu to have a "normal life" and remain a farmer or iron worker, but after experiencing corruption in the iron industry, he eventually began a career in politics.<ref name="india1">{{cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/my-government/indian-parliament/madhu-kora |title=Detailed Profile – Shri Madhu Kora – Members of Parliament (Lok Sabha) – Who's Who – Government: National Portal of India |publisher=India.gov.in |date=2004-02-10 |accessdate=2012-09-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newkerala.com/news/fullnews-1924.html |title=He dreamt too big, says Madhu Koda's family [newkerala.com, The Netherlands, 1924] |publisher=Newkerala.com |accessdate=2012-09-22}}</ref>

Koda is married to [[Geeta Koda]], who is an MLA from his previous constituency [[Jaganathpur]] from the [[Jai Bharat Samanta Party]].<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/Stats_JH_Oct2009.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Jharkhand|publisher=Eci.nic.in|accessdate=2012-09-26}}</ref> They have two daughters.

==Political career==
Madhu Koda began his political career as an activist with the [[All Jharkhand Students Union]]. He won in the 2000 Bihar Assembly elections from [[Jaganathpur]] as a [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) candidate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2000/STAI_REPORT_LA-BR-2000.pdf |title=TitlePage_BR_LA_2000.PDF |accessdate=2012-09-26}}</ref> On 15 November 2000 the state of Jharkhand was carved out from the southern part of Bihar. Koda's constituency [[Jaganathpur]] was included in [[Jharkhand]] and he became a member of the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly. [[Babulal Marandi]] of [[BJP]] became the first [[List of Chief Ministers of Jharkhand|CM of Jharkhand]] on 15 November 2000.

In this government, Madhu became the Minister of State, Rural Engineering Organisation (Ind. Charge).<ref name="india1"/> But there was revolt against Marandi by rebels and he finally resigned.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Marandi-fails-to-convince-rebels/articleshow/39148884.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927050423/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-03-03/india/27284069_1_chief-minister-babulal-marandi-ramesh-singh-munda-lalchand-mahato |url-status=live |archive-date=2012-09-27 |title=Marandi fails to convince rebels|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=2003-03-03 |access-date=2012-09-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-03-17/india/27287174_1_speaker-inder-singh-namdhari-stake-claim-resignation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927050428/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-03-17/india/27287174_1_speaker-inder-singh-namdhari-stake-claim-resignation |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-09-27 |title=Jharkhand Chief Minister Babulal Marandi resigns|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=2003-03-17 |accessdate=2012-09-22}}</ref> [[Arjun Munda]] took over and became the CM on 18 March 2003<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl2007/stories/20030411003203800.htm |title=Manoeuvres in Jharkhand |publisher=Hindu.com |date=2003-04-11 |accessdate=2012-09-22 |location=Chennai, India |archive-date=10 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110154805/http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl2007/stories/20030411003203800.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> and in this government Koda became the minister of Panchayati Raj of Special Arrangement.

During the 2005 Assembly Elections in [[Jharkhand]], the BJP denied Koda a ticket. He contested as an Independent candidate and won from [[Jaganathpur]] once again, defeating his nearest rival from the [[Indian National Congress]] by over ten thousand votes. Koda extended his support to the BJP-led [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2206/stories/20050325002002500.htm |title=Stuck in controversy |publisher=Frontlineonnet.com |date=2005-03-04 |accessdate=2012-09-22}}</ref>

On 2 March 2005, after much political bargaining and quid pro quo [[Shibu Soren]] of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]-[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]] alliance was invited to form the government in [[Jharkhand]] by the [[Governor of Jharkhand]], [[Syed Sibtey Razi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/election/2005/mar/02soren.htm |title=Shibu Soren sworn in as Jharkhand CM |publisher=Rediff|date=2005-03-02 |accessdate=2012-09-22}}</ref>

He resigned as Chief Minister nine days later, on 11 March, following his failure to obtain a [[vote of confidence]] in the assembly.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://in.rediff.com/election/2005/mar/11soren.htm |title=Shibu Soren resigns - Lok Sabha Election news 2009 - Rediff.com |publisher=In.rediff.com |date=2005-03-11 |accessdate=2012-09-22}}</ref> Then Arjun Munda of BJP-led NDA became the CM, whom Koda supported and he was appointed the Minister of Mining Geology and Cooperative.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/states/story/20050328-jharkhand-political-drama-ends-with-arjun-munda-winning-trust-vote-788024-2005-03-27 |title=Jharkhand political drama ends with Arjun Munda winning trust vote : STATES|publisher=India Today|date=2005-03-28 |access-date=2012-09-22}}</ref>

In September 2006, Madhu and three other independent legislators withdrew support to the Munda government, bringing it into the minority and led to resignation of Munda<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=412539|title=Munda govt has gone: Koda|publisher=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|date=2006-09-05|accessdate=2012-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612051834/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=412539|archive-date=12 June 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://in.rediff.com/news/2006/sep/14jhar.htm |title=Jharkhand: CM Arjun Munda quits – Rediff.com India News |publisher=In.rediff.com |date=2006-09-14 |accessdate=2012-09-22}}</ref> The [[United Progressive Alliance]] decided on him as consensus candidate to become Chief Minister and Koda became the next CM of Jharkhand on 14 September 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/sep/14jhar5.htm |title=Madhu Koda to be next Jharkhand CM |publisher=Rediff|date=2006-09-14 |accessdate=2012-09-22}}</ref>

His government included the representatives of the [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]], [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]], [[United Goans Democratic Party|Jaua Manjhi group]], [[Nationalist Congress Party]], [[All India Forward Bloc]], three independent MLAs (besides himself), and the outside support of the [[Indian National Congress]]. On 12 August 2008 Shibu Soren again staked claim for the post of CM and wanted Koda to resign.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/aug/12soren.htm |title=Soren stakes claim for Jharkhand CM's post |publisher=Rediff|date=2008-08-12 |accessdate=2012-09-22}}</ref> On 17 August 2008 JMM withdrew support from the Koda government,<ref>{{cite web|author=Sunday, 17 Aug 2008 at 0105 hrs IST |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/jmm-withdraws-support-to-madhu-koda-government/349839/0 |title=JMM withdraws support to Madhu Koda Government |publisher=Financialexpress.com |date=2008-08-17 |accessdate=2012-09-22}}</ref> and Koda resigned on 23 August 2008 from the post of [[List of Chief Ministers of Jharkhand|CM of Jharkhand]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/archived-stories/Koda-resigns-Soren-may-take-over-today/Article1-333154.aspx |title=Koda resigns, Soren may take over today |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=2008-08-23 |accessdate=2012-09-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012160143/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/archived-stories/Koda-resigns-Soren-may-take-over-today/Article1-333154.aspx |archive-date=12 October 2012 }}</ref> Koda became the UPA in charge of Jharkhand state. Shibu Soren again became the [[List of Chief Ministers of Jharkhand|CM of Jharkhand]] on 27 August 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/aug/29soren.htm |title=Jharkhand CM Shibu Soren wins trust vote |publisher=Rediff|date=2008-08-29 |accessdate=2012-09-22}}</ref>

But [[Shibu Soren|Soren]] suffered a humiliating defeat in the assembly bypoll on 8 January 2009 from Tamar constituency and failed to enter the Jharkhand assembly. He was defeated by [[Gopal Krishna Patar]] of [[Jharkhand Party]], now a MLA from JD(U) – a constituent of NDA – by a margin of 9,062 votes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2009/jan/08shibu-soren-loses-jharkhand-by-poll.htm |title=Soren loses bypoll, tries to hang on to power |publisher=Rediff|date=2009-01-08 |accessdate=2012-09-22}}</ref> Soren resigned on 12 January 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2009/jan/12soren-jharkahand-resigns.htm |title=Jharkhand Chief Minister Shibu Soren quits |publisher=Rediff|date=2009-01-12 |accessdate=2012-09-22}}</ref> and after this President's rule was imposed in Jharkhand on 19 January 2009 and till 29 December 2009. Koda then won the [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] seat from [[Singhbhum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Singhbhum]] parliamentary constituency again as an independent candidate, the results of which were declared on 16 May 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/11_ListOfSuccessfulCandidate.pdf|title=List of Successful Candidates|publisher=Eci.nic.in|accessdate=2012-09-26}}</ref>

In the next assembly elections of Jharkhand held 25 November 2009, his wife [[Geeta Koda]] won from his constituency [[Jaganathpur]] from [[Jai Bharat Samanta Party]], the results of which were declared on 23 December 2009.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> In 2014 Jharkhand Assembly Election, Madhu Koda lost from the Majhgao constituency. Koda was defeated by [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]] (JMM) candidate Nial Purty by over 20,000 votes.

== Mining scam conviction ==
It was alleged that Madhu Koda was involved in a mining scam that occurred in Jharkhand in India. It was alleged by investigative agencies that Madhu Koda took huge bribes for illegally allotting iron ore and coal mining contracts in Jharkhand when he was the chief minister of the state. As per estimates, Koda and his associates collected over {{INRConvert|4000|c}} by allotting mines to business houses. On orders of [[Jharkhand High Court]] [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] is investigating the scam.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Neeraj Chauhan|author2=Partha Sinha|title=CBI Grills Top Tata Steel officer in Madhu Koda mining scam|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/CBI-grills-top-Tata-Steel-officer-in-Madhu-Koda-mining-scam/articleshow/18841069.cms?referral=PM|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|accessdate=8 December 2017|date=7 March 2013}}</ref>

Koda was arrested by state police's vigilance wing on 30 November 2009 in connection with the mining scam.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Former-Jharkhand-CM-Madhu-Koda-arrested/articleshow/5284056.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202230124/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-11-30/india/28099613_1_geeta-koda-madhu-koda-jharkhand-navnirman-morcha |url-status=live |archive-date=2014-02-02 |title=Former Jharkhand CM Madhu Koda arrested|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=2009-11-30 |access-date=2012-09-22}}</ref> On 31 July 2013, he was released on bail from Birsa Munda Prison in [[Ranchi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/madhu-koda-released-on-bail-after-44-months-in-jail/411045-3.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202204928/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/madhu-koda-released-on-bail-after-44-months-in-jail/411045-3.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 February 2014|title=News18.com: CNN-News18 Breaking News India, Latest News Headlines, Live News Updates|website=News18|accessdate=30 May 2018}}</ref>

A special money-laundering court in Delhi attached Koda's properties worth {{INRConvert|144|c}} in a disproportionate assets case against his alleged associates. It found that the properties were involved in the offence of laundering under the provisions of [[The Prevention Of Money Laundering Act]] (PMLA) in a case probed by [[Enforcement Directorate]] (ED). Some of the attached assets also belonged to Anil Adinath Bastawde, who was arrested by the ED in January 2013 from [[Jakarta]] and Manoj B Punamiya, an associate of Koda and an accused in the case. ED sources had said the amount of scam, which had allegedly taken place during Koda's regime between 2006 and 2008 had gone up to {{INRConvert|3400|c}} in the course of investigation and the amount excluded Bastawde's assets, who was an absconder for a long time.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Madhu-Koda-s-assets-worth-Rs-144-crore-attached/Article1-1120684.aspx |title=Madhu Koda's assets worth Rs 144 crore attached - Hindustan Times |access-date=14 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130914043601/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Madhu-Koda-s-assets-worth-Rs-144-crore-attached/Article1-1120684.aspx |archive-date=14 September 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In December 2017, the court of justice Bharat Parashar convicted Madhu Koda and awarded him a three-year jail term and imposed a fine of {{INRConvert|25|l}}.<ref name="conviction">{{cite news|title=Coal scam: Madhu Koda sentenced to 3-year jail term |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/coal-scam-madhu-koda-sentenced-to-3-year-jail-term/articleshow/62093513.cms|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/jharkhand-coal-scam-case-ex-cm-madhu-koda-found-guilty-of-criminal-conspiracy/articleshow/62048161.cms|title=Jharkhand coal scam case: Ex-CM Madhu Koda found guilty of criminal conspiracy |newspaper=[[Times of India]]|accessdate=30 May 2018}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Chief Ministers of Jharkhand}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Koda, Madhu}}
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:India MPs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:People from West Singhbhum district]]
[[Category:Indian prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Independent politicians in India]]
[[Category:Coal block allocation scam]]
[[Category:Corruption in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:All Jharkhand Students Union politicians]]
[[Category:Adivasi politicians]]
[[Category:Jharkhand MLAs 2000–2005]]
[[Category:Jharkhand MLAs 2005–2009]]
[[Category:Indian politicians convicted of corruption]]
[[Category:People convicted of corruption]]

Henry Dundas Willock

2025-10-27T13:23:53Z

DessiePelloe5: Created The Pg W/ Infobox.

{{Infobox person
| name = Henry D. Willock
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 25 December 1830
| birth_place =
| death_date = 1903
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation =
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}
'''Henry Dundas Willock''', also referred to as '''Henry Davis Willock''' (25 December 1830-1903) was a [[Indian Civil Service|British Civil Servant]] in India. He was joint magistrate at [[Allahabad]] during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]].<ref name=Singh1874>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Kuar Lachman|title=Historical and Statistical Memoir of Zila Bulandshahar |date=1874 |publisher=North-Western Provinces Government Press|isbn=978-3-382-50031-3|location=Allahabad |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.11477/page/45/mode/2up?q=willock|language=en|pages=45-52}}</ref><ref name=Danvers1894>{{cite book |last1=Danvers |first1=Frederick Charles |last2=Martineau |first2=Harriet |last3=Monier-Williams |first3=Monier |last4=Bayley |first4=Steuart Colvin |last5=Wigram |first5=Percy |last6=Sapte |first6=Brand |title=Memorials of old Haileybury College |date=1894 |publisher=Westminster, A. Constable and Company |pages=454, 630 |url=https://archive.org/details/memorialsoldhai00collgoog/page/630/mode/2up?q=willock}}</ref><ref name=Imbarrato2024>{{cite book |last1=Imbarrato |first1=Susan Clair |title=Women Writing Home, 1700-1920: Female Correspondence Across the British Empire |date=2024 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-040-15603-2 |page=224 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xqwSEQAAQBAJ&pg=RA3-PA224 |language=en |chapter=Editorial notes}}</ref><ref name=Buckland1906>{{cite book |last1=Buckland |first1=Charles Edward |title=Dictionary of Indian biography |date=1906 |publisher=London S. Sonnenschein |location=London |page=453 |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofindi00buckuoft/page/452/mode/2up?q=willock}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Medals from the Collection of Gordon Everson|publisher=Noonans Mayfair |url=https://www.noonans.co.uk/auctions/archive/special-collections/416/73391/?offset=40&layout=list |website=www.noonans.co.uk |access-date=5 January 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Willock, Henry}}
[[Category:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers]]
[[Category:1830 births]]
[[Category:1903 deaths]]

{{India-bio-stub}}
{{Gov-bio-stub}}

Waste Warriors

2025-10-07T21:48:11Z

DessiePelloe5:

{{Short description|Non-governmental organisation in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox NGO
|name=Waste Warriors
|formation=September 2012
|founder=[[Jodie Underhill]] and Tashi Pareek
|type=NGO
|website=http://wastewarriors.org/
|image=Waste_Warriors_Logo.jpg}}

'''Waste Warriors''' is a [[non-governmental organisation]] which undertakes waste collection, waste management consultancy, event waste management, and other related projects in [[Dehradun]], [[Dharamshala]], [[Jim Corbett National Park|Corbett National Park]], [[Goa]], [[Himachal Pradesh]] and other parts of India. It was founded by [[Jodie Underhill]] and Tashi Pareek.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://swachhindia.ndtv.com/the-waste-warrior-keeping-indias-top-tourist-spots-clean-5423/|title=The ‘Waste Warrior’ Keeping India’s Top Tourist Spots Clean|last=Dutta|first=Saptarshi|date=11 September 2017|work=NDTV|access-date=27 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sanctuaryasia.com/resources/ngo-profiles/9994-waste-warriors.html|title=Waste Warriors|website=www.sanctuaryasia.com|language=en|access-date=28 January 2018}}</ref>

== Work ==
Waste Warriors has done extensive work in the area of waste collection and waste management. Since they were registered in 2012, Waste Warriors has collected and processed over 4223 tonnes of waste from Bhagsunag and [[Triund]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/shimla/waste-collection-dharamshala-follows-shimla/articleshow/59569289.cms|title=Waste collection: Dharamshala follows Shimla - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-01-30}}</ref> Due to the efforts of Waste Warriors, [[Triund]] is now known as one of the cleanest hiking destinations in India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://swachhindia.ndtv.com/the-waste-warrior-keeping-indias-top-tourist-spots-clean-5423/|title=The ‘Waste Warrior’ Keeping India’s Top Tourist Spots Clean {{!}} Swachh Warrior|date=2017-03-06|work=NDTV-Dettol Banega Swachh India|access-date=2018-01-30|language=en-US}}</ref> In the year 2015-16, Waste Warriors collected 175,656 kg of waste from [[Jim Corbett National Park|Corbett]], 190,908 kg from [[Dehradun]] and 272,928 kg from [[Dharamshala|Dharamsala]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wastewarriors.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Part-1-Waste-Warriors-Progress-Report-2012-2016.compressed.pdf|title=Waste Warriors Progress Report}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Waste Warriors were in waste management duty for three Airtel [[Hyderabad Marathon|Hyderabad Marathons]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/DeVznH4pvVO8WaVmQskPwM/Waste-Warriors-Waging-a-war-against-waste.html|title=Waste Warriors: Waging a war against waste|date=22 October 2014|work=Livemint}}</ref> two Wipro [[Chennai Marathon|Chennai Marathons]], and [[Indian Premier League|IPL]] matches conducted in Dharamsala and [[Mohali Cricket Stadium]].<ref>As the England men defeated India at Dharamsala, Jodie Underhill, an English woman, and her crew were cleaning up the stands. Jodie is known as "the Garbage Girl" and makes sure that the stadium doesn't get trashed.

http://www.espn.in/cricket/story/_/id/22039020/meeting-cricket-power-couple</ref> They help in the waste management at [[Sunburn Festival|Sunburn Music Festival]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/and-the-battle-continues/article5425100.ece|title=And the battle continues|last=Kannadasan|first=Akila|date=2013-12-05|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-01-30|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Recognition ==
* May 2017 - Emerging NGO Award (SPO India)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://spoindia.org/spo-india-csr-summit-awards-2017/|title=SPO India CSR Summit & Awards 2017 – spoindia|website=spoindia.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-01-30}}</ref>
* October 2016 - Mountain Protection Award, Waste Warriors Dharamsala project (UIAA International Mountaineering and Climbing Federation)
* September 2014 - Grassroots Women of the Decade Award, Co-founder Jodie Underhill ([[All Ladies League|Women Economic Forum]], Assocham Ladies League)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wefawards.org/ms-jodie-underhill/|title=Ms. Jodie Underhill – WEF Awards|website=wefawards.org|access-date=2018-01-30}}</ref>
* February 2012 - Amazing Indians Award, Co-founder Jodie Underhill ([[Times Now]] & [[Mahindra & Mahindra|Mahindra]])
* July 2010 - Green Hero Award, Co-founder Jodie Underhill (Centre for Media Studies)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/cities/shimlas-garbage-girl-to-get-green-hero-award-421627|title=Shimla's 'garbage girl' to get Green Hero award|work=NDTV.com|access-date=2018-01-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hillpost.in/2010/07/british-garbage-girl-jodie-under-hill-given-green-award-in-himachal/20883/|title=British garbage girl Jodie Underhill given Green Award in Himachal {{!}} Hill Post|website=hillpost.in|language=en-US|access-date=2018-01-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://wastewarriors.org/awards-recognitions/|title=Awards & Recognitions - Waste Warriors|work=Waste Warriors|access-date=2018-01-30|language=en-US}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Swachh Bharat Abhiyan|Swacch Bharat Abhiyan]]
* [[Clean india|Clean India]]
* [[The Ugly Indian]]
* [[Jodie Underhill]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MFsFm4XkNhk Waste Warrior: Jodie Underhill at TEDxTughlaqRdChange]

{{Landfills in india}}
{{Non-governmental organizations in India}}

[[Category:Dharmshalas]]
[[Category:Waste management in India]]
[[Category:2012 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 2012]]

Indira Marathon

2025-08-21T02:52:18Z

DessiePelloe5: Created Some Stub More To Come.

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{notability|Sports|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox athletics race
| bgcolour =
| image =
| caption =
| date = 19 November
| location = [[Prayagraj]], [[India]]
| type = [[Road running|Road]]
| distance = 42.195 KM
| est = 1975<ref name=times>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/Stage-set-for-Indira-Marathon-on-Nov-19/articleshow/6932473.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407182231/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-11-16/allahabad/28231200_1_prize-money-prime-minister-prestigious-marathon|url-status=live|archive-date=7 April 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Stage set for Indira Marathon on Nov 19|date=16 November 2010}}</ref>
| homepage = [https://www.indiramarathon.com indiramarathon.com]
|}}

The '''Indira Marathon''' is a national annual full [[marathon]] held in [[Prayagraj]], [[India]]. It commemorates the birth anniversary of India's former [[prime minister]], [[Indira Gandhi]].<ref name=times/> The race starts from [[Anand Bhawan]], the ancestral home of the [[Nehru-Gandhi family]].It was started in 1975 by Mr.Nirmal Singh Saini who was posted as Regional Sports Officer in Sports Stadium of Allahabad.The initiative of Mr.Saini was appreciated by then Sports Director Mr.K.D.Singh Babu who was Director, Sports Department, Uttar Pradesh and Mr.Bhure Lal was the District Magistrate during that period.This marathon started to spread awareness about physical fitness among the citizens of the city.The marathon was open to all citizens.The distance for the race is twenty six miles. Since 1975, this marathon is still run on 19 November every year to commemorate the Birth Anniversary of Late Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.marathoninmarathon.com/marathon/indira-marathon |title=Indira Marathon |website=marathoninmarathon.com |access-date=17 November 2012 |archive-date=28 January 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130128082923/http://www.marathoninmarathon.com/marathon/indira-marathon |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Marathons in India]]
[[Category:Prayagraj culture]]
[[Category:Recurring sporting events established in 1975]]
[[Category:1985 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]

{{marathon-stub}}

The Blue Bedspread

2025-06-27T18:16:19Z

DessiePelloe5: Made New Article!

{{Short description|1999 novel by Raj Kamal Jha}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox book
| italic title = 
| name = The Blue Bedspread
| image = The_Blue_Bedspread_cover_Picador_1999.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| border =
| alt =
| caption = 1999 Picador ed.
| author = [[Raj Kamal Jha]]
| audio_read_by =
| title_orig =
| orig_lang_code =
| title_working =
| translator =
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country =
| language =
| series =
| release_number =
| subject =
| genre =
| set_in =
| publisher =
| publisher2 =
| pub_date = 1999
| english_pub_date =
| published =
| media_type =
| pages =
| awards =
| isbn = 9780330373852
| isbn_note =
| oclc =
| dewey =
| congress =
| preceded_by = 
| followed_by = 
| native_wikisource =
| wikisource =
| notes =
| exclude_cover =
| website =
}}
'''The Blue Bedspread''' is the 1999 first novel by Indian writer [[Raj Kamal Jha]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bose |first1=Sudip |title="The Blue Bedspread" by Raj Kamal Jha |url=https://www.salon.com/2000/04/11/jha/ |access-date=24 April 2022 |work=Salon |date=11 April 2000 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=dragon>{{cite web |title=The Blue Bedspread by Raj Kamal Jha |url=https://smithsonianapa.org/bookdragon/the-blue-bedspread-by-raj-kamal-jha/ |website=BookDragon |publisher=Smithsonian Institution Asian Pacific American Center |access-date=24 April 2022 |date=26 July 2000}}</ref>

In the novel an old man sits up all night in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] writing for his dead older sister's newborn child, who is sleeping in the next room and will be taken the next day by adoptive parents.<ref name=dragon /> He says "I will tell you happy stories and I will tell you sad stories. And remember, my child, your truth lies somewhere in between".<ref name=dragon /> The book has been described as "the most tender, sensuous and beguiling book about incest and child abuse you'll ever read".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hickling |first1=Alfred |title=Review: If You Are Afraid of Heights by Raj Kamal Jha |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/aug/16/fiction.featuresreviews2 |work=The Guardian |date=15 August 2003 |language=en}}</ref>

A 2007 paper by Alex Barley in ''[[Narrative Inquiry (journal)|Narrative Inquiry]]'' used this novel and [[Anita Desai]]'s ''Fire on the Mountain'' to consider "the idea of home as a space of sanctuary and retreat from the problems of domestic life".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Barley |first1=Alexandra |title=Home as sanctuary: Stories of secrets and sadness in Fire on the Mountain and The Blue Bedspread |journal=Narrative Inquiry |date=6 November 2007 |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=119–139 |doi=10.1075/ni.17.1.09bar}}</ref>
==Reception==
In 2022 ''The Blue Bedspread'' was selected as one of the 70 titles for the [[Big Jubilee Read]], a celebration of [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] writing for the [[Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A literary celebration of Queen Elizabeth II's record-breaking reign |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/2Ynpj933DJ2YG5nsMS6fn8k/a-literary-celebration-of-queen-elizabeth-iis-record-breaking-reign |website=BBC |access-date=24 April 2022}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=The Blue Bedspread [extracts] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2000/mar/03/extract2 |work=The Guardian |date=3 March 2000 |language=en}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Blue Bedspread, The}}
[[Category:1999 Indian novels]]
[[Category:Novels set in Kolkata]]

{{India-book-stub}}
{{1990s-novel-stub}}

Andhadhun (soundtrack)

2025-05-04T22:22:53Z

DessiePelloe5: created new data

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}{{Use Indian English|date=November 2021}}

{{Infobox album
| name = Andhadhun
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Amit Trivedi]], [[Raftaar]] and Girish Nakod
| cover = Andhadhun (soundtrack).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Soundtrack album cover
| released = {{start date|2018|09|05|df=y}}<ref name="AndhadhuniTunes">{{Cite web|title=Andhadhun (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/andhadhun-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1436970762|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110200042/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/andhadhun-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1436970762|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 November 2018|access-date=10 November 2018|website=iTunes Store}}</ref>
| recorded = 2018
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 34:29
| language = Hindi
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]
| prev_title = [[Manmarziyaan#Soundtrack|Manmarziyaan]]
| prev_year = 2018
| next_title = [[Helicopter Eela#Soundtrack|Helicopter Eela]]
| next_year = 2018
| chronology = [[Amit Trivedi]]
}}

'''''Andhadhun''''' ({{Translation|Blindly}}) is the [[soundtrack]] to the 2018 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[black comedy]] [[crime thriller film]] of the [[Andhadhun|same name]] directed by [[Sriram Raghavan]]. The album features ten tunes; six songs, three [[instrumental]] theme tracks, alternative versions for two of the songs featured in the album. Most of the tracks were composed by [[Amit Trivedi]], excluding one song – the title track of the film was written, composed and recorded by [[Raftaar]] and Girish Nakod. Lyrics for Trivedi's compositions were written by [[Jaideep Sahni]] and vocals for the songs in the album were provided by Trivedi, Raftaar, [[Ayushmann Khurrana]], [[Arijit Singh]], Abhijeet Srivastava, Aakansha Sharma, Shadab Faridi and Altamash Faridi.<ref name="now">{{Cite news|last=Chauhan|first=Gaurang|date=27 September 2018|title=AndhaDhun Songs Music Review: Amit Trivedi's soundtrack is soothing and has the old-world charm to it|work=Times Now|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/reviews/music/article/andhadhun-songs-music-review-amit-trivedis-soundtrack-is-soothing-and-has-the-old-world-charm-to-it/290575|access-date=10 November 2018}}</ref> The film score was composed by Daniel B. George.<ref name="anna">{{Cite news|last=Vetticad|first=Anna MM|date=5 October 2018|title=Andhadhun movie review: Tabu-Radhika-Ayushmann rock, and Sriram Raghavan is a superstar|work=Firstpost|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/andhadhun-movie-review-tabu-ayushmann-radhika-rock-and-sriram-raghavan-is-a-superstar-5320811.html|access-date=17 November 2018}}</ref> The album released on 5 September 2018 through the [[Zee Music Company]] record label.<ref name="AndhadhuniTunes" />

== Development ==
Amit Trivedi stated that he had admired Sriram Raghavan's works since [[Ek Hasina Thi (film)|''Ek Hasina Thi'']] (2004), and followed up with ''[[Johnny Gaddaar|Johnny Gaddar]]'' (2007) and ''[[Badlapur (film)|Badlapur]]'' (2015). Since he was assigned to score for ''Andhadhun'', he felt it as "a task to fit his music in his film".<ref>{{Cite web|title=My sound is my identity: Amit Trivedi|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/jun/20/my-sound-is-my-identity-amit-trivedi-1992475.html|access-date=2021-11-17|website=The New Indian Express|date=20 June 2019 }}</ref> He also had struggles with the idea to incorporate songs in a film with a blind pianist as a protagonist. With demands for the protagonist to also be a singer ([[Ayushmann Khurrana]], also crooned and composed for few songs in his previous films), the writer and composer decided to turn him into a singer-pianist.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sriram Raghavan talks about the thrill of making films|url=https://www.filmfare.com/interviews/sriram-raghavan-talks-about-the-thrill-of-making-films-32349.html|access-date=2021-11-17|website=filmfare.com|language=en}}</ref> It was initially revealed that Ayushmann will reportedly sing one of the tracks in the film or he may work in a separate indie track. However, he crooned vocals for the reprised versions of one of the tracks. Speaking about Khurrana, Trivedi said that "he is a rare combination of a good actor who also sings well".<ref>{{Cite web|title=I'm inspired to create without fear: Amit Trivedi|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-i-m-inspired-to-create-without-fear-amit-trivedi-2661198|access-date=2021-11-17|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Kusnur|first=Narendra|date=2018-12-26|title=In praise of Amit Trivedi|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/in-praise-of-amit-trivedi/article25836299.ece|access-date=2021-11-17|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In an interview with ''[[Firstpost]]''-based critic Devansh Sharma during September 2019, Trivedi said that the composition of three romantic tracks "Naina Da Kya Kasoor", "Aap Se Milkar" and "Laila Laila" back-to-back and incorporate in the first half of the film was challenging and was a divided house since "many felt the love between Ayushmann and Radhika's characters was blossoming in those portions". But he felt that "he actual movie starts with the murder scene, and we were taking too long to reach there". Despite being one of his favourite tracks, Trivedi had to remove the track "Aap Se Milkar" from the film as he felt the song was irrelevant and may stretch the narration.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2019-09-23|title=Amit Trivedi on the art of finding a balance between composing for film narratives and making hit songs|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/amit-trivedi-on-the-art-of-finding-a-balance-between-composing-for-film-narratives-and-making-hit-songs-7352271.html|access-date=2021-11-17|website=Firstpost|language=en}}</ref>

Trivedi presented nine tracks for the album, including the theme tracks. [[Raftaar]] and Girish Nakod penned, composed and produced the titular track of the film.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-15|title=I listen to Baby Marva Ke Maanegi with my mom and wife, says Raftaar on how all his songs are meaningful|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/i-listen-to-baby-marwa-ke-maanegi-with-my-mom-and-wife-says-raftaar-on-how-all-his-songs-are-meaningful/story-f6I7NtBYyLmsgsfkWiAvoO.html|access-date=2021-11-17|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> The promotional music video of the song shot in [[Mehboob Studio]] and choreographed by Prathmesh Dabir, felt it as the "most difficult to shoot", since Khurrana featured in the song blindfolded, along with the background dancers, which made it difficult to shoot the song. The team underwent precautions while shoot the song and the utmost care was taken.<ref>{{Cite web|title=REVEALED! 'AndhaDhun's' title track starring Ayushmann, Tabu and Radhika Apte was the most difficult song to shoot|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-revealed-andhadhun-s-title-track-starring-ayushmann-tabu-and-radhika-apte-was-the-most-difficult-song-to-shoot-2660662|access-date=2021-11-17|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|title='AndhaDhun' title track was a tricky song to shoot - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/andhadhun-title-track-was-a-tricky-song-to-shoot/articleshow/65726193.cms|access-date=2021-11-17|website=The Times of India|date=8 September 2018 |language=en}}</ref> As Trivedi felt facing conflicts in composing songs and score, Daniel B. George was later hired to score for the background.<ref name=":0" /> The piano themes featured in the album were played by Jarvis Menezes, a [[Mumbai]]-based musician.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Mehrotra·Reviews·|first=Aakriti|date=2018-10-09|title=Pianist Jarvis Menezes shines in Andhadhun|url=https://ahummingheart.com/reviews/andhadhun-music-review/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928014459/https://ahummingheart.com/reviews/andhadhun-music-review/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=28 September 2020|access-date=2021-11-17|website=A Humming Heart|language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Marketing and release ==
On 17 August 2018, the promotional video of the title track "Andhadhun" was released through YouTube.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ayushmann Khurrana, Radhika Apte's AndhaDhun Title Track: Not Your Typical Bollywood Dance Number But You'll Love It Anyway|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/ayushmann-khurrana-radhika-aptes-andhadhun-title-track-not-your-typical-bollywood-dance-number-but-y-1912595|access-date=2021-11-17|website=NDTV.com}}</ref> The song featured multiple mirrors set up in a dark room, reflecting a number of images of Khurrana and Tabu, thereby creating a "confusing perception among viewers".<ref name=":1" /> The track written by [[Raftaar]] and Girish Nakod, who also composed and produced it, is an "upbeat and refreshing number", which begins with a soft [[piano]] interlude but gradually [[percussions]] are introduced, thereby increasing the energy of the song.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-18|title=AndhaDhun title song: Raftaar presents a refreshing upbeat track|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/andhadhun-title-song-raftaar-ayushmann-khurrana-5343368/|access-date=2021-11-17|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-18|title=AndhaDhun: Raftaar's pulsating title track sets the tone of mystery for Ayushmann Khurrana's film|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/andhadhun-raftaars-pulsating-title-track-sets-the-tone-of-mystery-for-ayushmann-khurranas-film-5136291.html|access-date=2021-11-17|website=Firstpost|language=en}}</ref> The track crossed 10 million views within 24 hours of its release.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-21|title=Raftaar's 'Andha Dhun' Crossed 10M Views in 24 Hours|url=https://loudest.in/2018/09/10/raftaars-andha-dhun-crossed-10m-views-24-hours/|access-date=2021-11-17|website=Loudest.in|language=en-US}}</ref> The second track "Naina Da Kya Kasoor" was released on 28 August 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Scroll Staff|title=Watch: Ayushmann Khurrana is charming everyone in 'Naina Da Kya Kasoor' from 'Andhadhun'|url=https://scroll.in/reel/894431/watch-ayushmann-khurrana-is-charming-everyone-in-naina-da-kya-kasoor-from-andhadhun|access-date=2021-11-17|website=Scroll.in|date=14 September 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref> It was pictured on the leads Khurrana and Apte, with the captions in the song concur the notion that "Love is Blind".<ref>{{Cite news|title='AndhaDhun' new song: 'Naina Da Kya Kasoor' concurs the notion that 'Love is Blind' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/andhadhun-new-song-naina-da-kya-kasoor-concurs-the-notion-that-love-is-blind/articleshow/65809982.cms|access-date=2021-11-17|website=The Times of India|date=14 September 2018 |language=en}}</ref> Speaking about the track, Trivedi said that it is a fun song and adding that "it was a while that he had sung a light-hearted song for an album. Khurrana's character, Akash, is a blind pianist who plays in a café and had to use a lot of piano elements in the song."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ayushmann Khurrana, Radhika Apte's AndhaDhun Song Naina Da Kya Kasoor Will Make You Tap Your Feet|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/ayushmann-khurrana-radhika-aptes-andhadhun-song-naina-da-kya-kasoor-will-make-you-tap-your-feet-1916712|access-date=2021-11-17|website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-29|title=AndhaDhun song Naina Da Kya Kasoor is filled with sweet confessions of helpless hearts falling in love|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/andhadhun-song-naina-da-kya-kasoor-is-filled-with-sweet-confessions-of-helpless-hearts-falling-in-love-5190621.html|access-date=2021-11-17|website=Firstpost|language=en}}</ref> A different version of the track, sung by Khurrana was released on 2 October 2018 ([[Gandhi Jayanti]]) with a video featuring him and few visually-impaired children from a blind school in Mumbai in the camera.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-10-02|title=AndhaDhun song 'Naina Da Kya Kasoor' is a gentle, acoustic track sung by Ayushmann Khurrana|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/andhadhun-song-naina-da-kya-kasoor-is-a-gentle-acoustic-track-sung-by-ayushmann-khurrana-5300661.html|access-date=2021-11-17|website=Firstpost|language=en}}</ref> Another single, "Aap Se Milkar" was released on 3 September.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-03|title=AndhaDhun's new song Aap Se Milkar, performed by Ayushmann Khurrana, is a peppy romantic track|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/andhadhun-s-new-song-aap-se-milkar-performed-by-ayushmann-khurrana-is-a-peppy-romantic-track/story-0ORXJoEQ8UfpcZeC1jsZjK.html|access-date=2021-11-17|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> This track, however, did not feature in the film in its entirety.<ref>{{Cite news|title='AndhaDhun' song: 'Aap Se Milkar' is a peppy and romantic number in Ayushmann Khurrana's magical voice - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/andhadhun-song-aap-se-milkar-is-a-peppy-and-romantic-number-in-ayushmann-khurranas-magical-voice/articleshow/65869394.cms|access-date=2021-11-17|website=The Times of India|date=19 September 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Scroll Staff|title=Watch: Radhika Apte and Ayushmann Khurrana fall in love in 'Aap Se Mil Kar' from 'Andhadhun'|url=https://scroll.in/reel/895135/watch-radhika-apte-and-ayushmann-khurrana-fall-in-love-in-aap-se-mil-kar-from-andhadhun|access-date=2021-11-17|website=Scroll.in|date=20 September 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Reception ==

=== Critical response ===
Upon its release on 5 September 2018, the album garnered positive response from critics. Devansh Sharma of ''[[Firstpost]]'' called it "sweet, edgy, peppy and meditative in equal parts", and said, "The music of ''Andhadhun'' is an example of what the piano is capable of in depicting varied seasons and moods. It is dominated by piano pieces but the seasoned composer Trivedi does not let that come into the way of the album's range. Trivedi's nuanced compositions, [Jarvis] Menezes' exceptional skills and Sahni's well-crafted lyrics reiterate that the piano is arguably the most underrated of all musical instruments."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sharma|first=Devansh|date=3 October 2018|title=AndhaDhun music review: Amit Trivedi's intimate album shows the piano is an instrument of all seasons|work=Firstpost|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/andhadhun-music-review-amit-trivedis-sweet-intimate-album-shows-the-piano-is-an-instrument-of-all-seasons-5298401.html|access-date=10 November 2018}}</ref> Gaurang Chauhan of [[Times Now]] said that "The album has the old world charm to it, the one we have been missing from today's time. Even if the songs won't stay with you they are still good enough for a one-time listening."<ref name="now2">{{Cite news|last=Chauhan|first=Gaurang|date=12 September 2018|title=AndhaDhun Songs Music Review: Amit Trivedi's soundtrack is soothing and has the old-world charm to it|work=Times Now|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/reviews/music/article/andhadhun-songs-music-review-amit-trivedis-soundtrack-is-soothing-and-has-the-old-world-charm-to-it/290575|access-date=10 November 2018}}</ref> Devarsi Ghosh of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' stated that the album "could have only had piano-based instrumentals", but we instead get "some passable songs from Trivedi and a title track from rapper Raftaar and his co-composer Girish Nakod"; further saying "Where Trivedi really shines – and seems to have sweated on – are the two piano pieces titled Andhadhun (Theme 1) and Andhadhun (Theme 2)". She said the pieces "evoke pleasantness one minute, dread in the next, and several other moods in between".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ghosh|first=Devarsi|date=4 October 2018|title='Andhadhun' music review: Come for Raftaar's title track and stay back for the piano|work=Scroll.in|url=https://scroll.in/reel/895740/andhadhun-music-review-come-for-raftaars-title-track-and-stay-back-for-the-piano|url-status=live|access-date=10 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005144017/https://scroll.in/reel/895740/andhadhun-music-review-come-for-raftaars-title-track-and-stay-back-for-the-piano|archive-date=5 October 2018}}</ref>

Garvita Sharma of ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that it "may not be the best album by Amit Trivedi" but "it's still a standout for it goes hand-in-glove" with the film's theme.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sharma|first=Garvita|date=15 September 2018|title=Music Review: 'AndhaDhun'|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/music-reviews/music-review-andhadhun/articleshow/65995047.cms|url-status=live|access-date=10 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110173556/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/music-reviews/music-review-andhadhun/articleshow/65995047.cms|archive-date=10 November 2018}}</ref> Joginder Tuteja of [[Bollywood Hungama]] wrote that the album begins well but he found the "overdose of songs" causes it to lose "the sheen that it gathered at the beginning". But further said that "there are a couple of songs in there which are lively and make for a good hearing on loop".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tuteja|first=Joginder|date=10 September 2018|title=Music Review: Andhadhun|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/andhadhun/songs/music-critic-review/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110160018/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/andhadhun/songs/music-critic-review/|archive-date=10 November 2018|access-date=10 November 2018|website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> Umesh Punwani of Koimoi listed the album in one of his top three albums, further saying, "With the entire symphonic approach, Amit Trivedi has proved why he's the best choirmaster Bollywood has ever had".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Punwani|first=Umesh|date=4 October 2018|title=AndhaDhun Music Review: It Proves Why Amit Trivedi Is The Best Choirmaster Bollywood Has!|url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-movies/music-reviews/andhadhun-music-review-it-proves-why-amit-trivedi-is-the-best-choirmaster-bollywood-has/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110160022/https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-movies/music-reviews/andhadhun-music-review-it-proves-why-amit-trivedi-is-the-best-choirmaster-bollywood-has/|archive-date=10 November 2018|access-date=10 November 2018|website=Koimoi}}</ref> A review from Indiawest stated it as "a well-conceived and peppy soundtrack from Trivedi".<ref>{{Cite web|last=India-West|first=R. M. VIJAYAKAR, Special to|title='AndhaDhun' Music Review: The Film Has Well-Conceived and Peppy Soundtrack|url=https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/andhadhun-music-review-the-film-has-well-conceived-and-peppy-soundtrack/article_ad0e233e-c98e-11e8-8843-0353bf54a892.html|access-date=2021-11-17|website=India West|language=en}}</ref> ''Milliblog''-based Karthik Srinivasan stated it as a "chartbursting soundtrack from Trivedi after ''[[Bhavesh Joshi Superhero]]'', ''[[Fanney Khan]]'' and ''[[Manmarziyaan]]''".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-10-04|title=AndhaDhun (Music review), Hindi – Amit Trivedi, Raftaar & Girish Nakod by Milliblog!|url=https://milliblog.com/2018/10/04/andhadhun-music-review-hindi-amit-trivedi-raftaar-girish-nakod/|access-date=2021-11-17}}</ref> Vipin Nair of ''Music Aloud'' said that the album "contains some of the freshest tunes that Trivedi has delivered this year". He further praised Sriram Raghavan for "consistently ensuring good music in his movies, with different composers each time and did not choose to adapt an old song, and went for that retro sound instead."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-10-04|title=Andhadhun – Music Review (Bollywood Soundtrack)|url=https://www.musicaloud.com/2018/10/03/andhadhun-music-review-bollywood-soundtrack/|access-date=2021-11-17|website=Music Aloud}}</ref> A review from ''Humming Heart'' stated it as "a refreshing album which despite carrying a heard-before feeling from different eras, still manages to sound energetic and fun in most places".<ref name=":2" />

=== Chart listings ===
The album was listed in many year-end charts: ''A Humming Heart''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-23|title=Top 9 Bollywood Albums of 2018 {{!}} A Humming Heart|url=https://ahummingheart.com/lists/yearly-lists/2018/top-9-bollywood-albums-of-2018/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930221828/https://ahummingheart.com/lists/yearly-lists/2018/top-9-bollywood-albums-of-2018/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=30 September 2020|access-date=2021-11-18|website=A Humming Heart|language=en-GB}}</ref> and ''Planet Bollywood'' (Anish Mohanty).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mohanty|first=Anish|date=2019-01-05|title=The Best Hindi Film Albums of 2018|url=https://planetbollywood.com/wp/spotlight/the-best-hindi-film-albums-of-2018/|access-date=2021-11-18|website=Planet Bollywood|language=en-US}}</ref> In addition, it appeared in many decade-end lists, such as ''[[Filmfare]]'' (Deveansh Sharma, in the exclusive edition released on [[World Music Day]]; 21 June 2021),<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Music Day Special: Best Bollywood albums of last decade|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/world-music-day-special-best-bollywood-albums-of-last-decade-41678.html|access-date=2021-11-17|website=filmfare.com|language=en}}</ref> ''[[Firstpost]]'' (Akshay Manwani)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-22|title=Best Hindi film albums of this decade, from Gully Boy, AR Rahman's Rockstar to Amit Trivedi's Manmarziyaan|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/best-hindi-film-albums-of-this-decade-from-ar-rahmans-rockstar-to-amit-trivedis-manmarziyaan-7807911.html|access-date=2021-11-18|website=Firstpost|language=en}}</ref> and ''[[Film Companion]]'' (Sankhayan Ghosh).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ghosh|first=Sankhayan|date=2019-12-16|title=The 10 Best Hindi Film Albums of the Decade|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/bollywood-features/the-10-best-hindi-film-albums-of-the-decade/|access-date=2021-11-17|website=Film Companion|language=en-US}}</ref> The track "Naina Da Kya Kasoor", appeared in the year-end lists of Bollywood songs in 2018, including ''Firstpost'' (Devansh Sharma),<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-30|title=Best Bollywood songs of 2018, from Manmarziyaan's 'Daryaa' to Veere Di Wedding's 'Tareefan'|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/best-bollywood-songs-of-2018-from-manmarziyaans-daryaa-to-veere-di-weddings-tareefan-5810031.html|access-date=2021-11-18|website=Firstpost|language=en}}</ref> ''Film Companion'' (Sankhayan Ghosh),<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2018-12-20|title=Best Movie Songs {{!}} Top 10 Bollywood Songs of the Year 2018|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/bollywood-features/top-10-hindi-film-songs-of-the-year-ranked/|access-date=2021-11-18|website=Film Companion|language=en-US}}</ref> ''[[Scroll.in]]'' (Devarsi Ghosh)<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ghosh|first=Devarsi|title=Bollywood in 2018: The year's best songs (and Arijit Singh is still the undisputed king)|url=https://scroll.in/reel/906707/bollywood-in-2018-the-years-best-songs-and-arijit-singh-is-still-the-undisputed-king|access-date=2021-11-18|website=Scroll.in|date=30 December 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref> and "Aap Se Milkar", was also included in the list published by ''[[Rediff.com]]'' ([[Sukanya Verma]]). Sankhayan Ghosh stated about the track "Naina Da Kya Kasoor" which is a clever take on "O Mere Sona Re" [a popular song composed by [[R. D. Burman]], from the film ''[[Teesri Manzil]]'' (1966)], where the song and the film was constantly referred in this film. He further added "This intertextuality is perfectly in sync with a film that is its director's own macabre love letter to the golden oldies".<ref name=":3" /> "Naina Da Kya Kasoor" also topped the weekly charts in [[Radio Mirchi]], constantly being placed at #1, dominating the position for eight weeks and appeared in the year-end charts at #7.<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Hindi Songs {{!}} New Top 10 Bollywood Songs {{!}} Mirchi Top 20 Songs|url=https://www.radiomirchi.com/mirchi-top-20|access-date=2021-11-18|website=www.radiomirchi.com}}</ref>

== Track listing ==
{{track listing
| headline = ''Andhadhun'' (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)<ref name="AndhadhuniTunes" />
| extra8 = Amit Trivedi
| title7 = Andhadun
| note7 = Theme 1
| extra7 = Amit Trivedi
| length7 = 4:15
| title8 = Andhadun
| note8 = Theme 2
| length8 = 2:40
| extra6 = [[Raftaar (rapper)|Raftaar]]
| title9 = Naina Da Kya Kasoor
| note9 = Electronic
| extra9 = Amit Trivedi
| length9 = 3:48
| title10 = Aap Se Milkar
| note10 = Reprise
| extra10 = [[Ayushmann Khurrana]]
| length6 = 2:54
| title6 = Andhadhun Title Track
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| length2 = 3:56
| total_length = 34:29
| title1 = Naina Da Kya Kasoor
| extra1 = [[Amit Trivedi]]
| length1 = 3:30
| title2 = Aap Se Milkar
| extra2 = Abhijeet Srivastava, Aakanksha Sharma
| title3 = Wo Ladki
| length5 = 3:25
| extra3 = [[Arijit Singh]]
| length3 = 4:12
| title4 = Laila Laila
| extra4 = Amit Trivedi
| length4 = 3:23
| title5 = Oh Bhai Re
| extra5 = Shadab Faridi, Altamash Faridi
| length10 = 2:26
}}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" |Award{{efn|Awards, festivals and organisations are in alphabetical order.}}
! scope="col" |Date of ceremony{{efn|Date is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.}}
! scope="col" |Category
! scope="col" |Recipients
! scope="col" |Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row" |[[Filmfare Awards]]
| rowspan="2" |[[64th Filmfare Awards|23 March 2019]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Background Score|Best Background Score]]
|Daniel B. George
|{{won}}
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Nominations for the 64th Vimal Filmfare Awards 2019">{{cite web|date=12 March 2019|title=Nominations for the 64th Vimal Filmfare Awards 2019|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-64th-vimal-filmfare-awards-2019_-32898-1.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190316052927/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-64th-vimal-filmfare-awards-2019_-32898-1.html|archive-date=16 March 2019|access-date=14 March 2019|publisher=[[Filmfare Awards]]|df=dmy-all}}</ref> <ref name="Winners of the Filmfare Awards 2019">{{cite news|date=23 March 2019|title=Winners of the Filmfare Awards 2019|publisher=Filmfare Awards|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2019/winners|url-status=live|access-date=25 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323165132/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2019/winners|archive-date=23 March 2019|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Sound Design|Best Sound Design]]
|Madhu Apsara, Ajay Kumar P. B.
|{{nom}}
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" |[[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
| rowspan="5" |[[20th IIFA Awards|18 September 2019]]
|[[IIFA Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
|[[Amit Trivedi]]
|{{nom}}
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="IIFA 2019 Awards: Complete list of winners">{{cite news|date=19 September 2019|title=IIFA 2019 Awards: Complete list of winners|newspaper=[[International Business Times]]|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/iifa-2019-awards-complete-list-winners-805682|url-status=dead|access-date=19 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190919064044/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/iifa-2019-awards-complete-list-winners-805682|archive-date=19 September 2019|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|[[IIFA Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]
|[[Jaideep Sahni]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[IIFA Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]
|[[Amit Trivedi]] – ("Naina Da Kya Kasoor")
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[IIFA Award for Best Background Score|Best Background Score]]
|Daniel B. George
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Sound Mixing
|Madhu Apsara, Ajay Kumar P. B.
|{{won}}
|-
! scope="row" |[[Mirchi Music Awards]]
|[[11th Mirchi Music Awards|16 February 2019]]
|Best Background Score
|Daniel B. George
|{{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="11th Mirchi Music Awards Nominations">{{cite news|date=7 February 2019|title=11th Mirchi Music Awards Nominations|publisher=[[Mirchi Music Awards]]|url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2018/nominations-hindi-2018/|url-status=live|access-date=7 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015427/http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2018/nominations-hindi-2018/|archive-date=7 February 2019|df=dmy-all}}</ref> <ref name="11th Mirchi Music Awards Winners">{{cite news|date=16 February 2019|title=11th Mirchi Music Awards Winners|publisher=Mirchi Music Awards|url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2018/winners-hindi-2018/|url-status=live|access-date=2 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302024712/http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2018/winners-hindi-2018/|archive-date=2 March 2019|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |[[Screen Awards]]
|[[25th Screen Awards|16 December 2018]]
|[[Screen Award for Best Male Playback|Best Male Playback Singer]]
|[[Amit Trivedi]] – ("Naina Da Kya Kasoor")
|{{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Star Screen Awards 2018 FULL winners list: Ranveer Singh, Alia Bhatt, Rajkummar Rao walk away with trophies">{{cite news|date=17 December 2018|title=Star Screen Awards 2018 FULL winners list: Ranveer Singh, Alia Bhatt, Rajkummar Rao walk away with trophies|publisher=[[Times Now]]|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/star-screen-awards-2018-full-winners-list-ranveer-singh-alia-bhatt-rajkummar-rao-walk-away-with-trophies-bollywood-news/332088|url-status=live|access-date=17 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217111010/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/star-screen-awards-2018-full-winners-list-ranveer-singh-alia-bhatt-rajkummar-rao-walk-away-with-trophies-bollywood-news/332088|archive-date=17 December 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |[[Zee Cine Awards]]
|[[2019 Zee Cine Awards|19 March 2019]]
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Background Score|Best Background Score]]
|Daniel B. George
|{{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Zee Cinema to Air Zee Cine Awards 2019 in March">{{cite web|date=February 2019|title=Zee Cinema to Air Zee Cine Awards 2019 in March|url=https://www.zeecineawards.com/zee-cinema-air-zee-cine-awards-2019-march/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318155611/https://www.zeecineawards.com/zee-cinema-air-zee-cine-awards-2019-march/|archive-date=18 March 2019|access-date=14 March 2019|publisher=[[Zee Cine Awards]]|df=dmy-all}}</ref> <ref name="Zee Cine Awards 2019: Padmaavat, Sanju and Dhadak sweep top honours - here's the full winners list">{{cite web|date=20 March 2019|title=Zee Cine Awards 2019: Padmaavat, Sanju and Dhadak sweep top honours - here's the full winners list|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/zee-cine-awards-2019-padmaavat-sanju-and-dhadak-sweep-top-honours-heres-the-full-winners-list/385844|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320065414/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/zee-cine-awards-2019-padmaavat-sanju-and-dhadak-sweep-top-honours-heres-the-full-winners-list/385844|archive-date=20 March 2019|access-date=20 March 2019|publisher=Times Now|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|}

== Personnel ==
Credits adapted from [[Zee Music Company]]<ref>{{Citation|title=AndhaDhun - Full Movie Audio Jukebox {{!}} Ayushmann Khurrana {{!}} Radhika Apte {{!}} Amit Trivedi|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HLp5rlAGqyU|language=en|access-date=2021-11-18}}</ref>

{{div col}}
* [[Amit Trivedi]] – [[Composer]], [[Record producer|producer]], [[Music programming|music programmer]]
* [[Raftaar]] – Composer, producer, [[playback singer]], [[lyricist]], [[Rapping|rap]] (Track 5)
* Girish Nakod – Composer, producer, lyricist (Track 5)
* Keshia Braganza – [[Backing vocalist]]
* Lara Pinto – Backing vocalist
* Gwen Dias – Backing vocalist
* Jarvis Menezes – [[Piano]]
* Ankur Mukherjee – [[Guitar]], [[ukulele]], [[mandolin]], [[banjo]]
* Sameer Chiplunkar – [[Accordion]]
* Akhlak Hussain Varsi – [[Harmonium]]
* Naresh Kamath – [[Bass (guitar)|Live bass]]
* Satyajit Jamsandekar – [[Percussion instrument|Live percussions]]
* Ratnadeep Jamsandekar – Live percussions
* Dipesh Verma – Live percussions
* Rahul Rupawate – Live percussions
* M. Kalyan – Music conductor ([[Music of Tamil Nadu|Chennai Strings Orchestra]])
* Vineeth Jayan – Music programmer
* Raja Rasaily – Music programmer
* Urmila Sutar – [[Recording engineer]] (A T Studios)
* Anubhav Saxena – [[Recording engineer]] (Enzy Studios)
* Aditya Shankar – Recording engineer (Kailasa Studios)
* Prachuthosh Bhowmik – Recording engineer (Kailasa Studios)
* D Raj – Recording engineer (DJ Studios)
* Shadab Rayeen – [[Audio mixing (recorded music)|Audio mixing]], [[Mastering (audio)|stereo]] and [[Mastered for iTunes|iTunes mastering]] (New Edge Studios)
* Abhishek Ghatak – Audio mixing and mastering
* Abhishek Sortey – Mixing assistance
* Dhananjay Khapekar – Mixing assistance
* Krutee Trivedi – [[Executive producer]] (A T Studios)
* Aashish Narula – Head of production (A T Studios)
{{div col end}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8108198/soundtrack ''Andhadhun'' (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)] at [[IMDb]]
{{authority control}}
[[Category:2018 soundtrack albums]]
[[Category:Hindi film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Crime film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Thriller film soundtracks]]
[[Category:2010s film soundtrack albums]]

D'Mello House

2025-04-15T06:03:22Z

DessiePelloe5: article - done

{{short description|Abandoned bungalow in Goa, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox building
| name = D'Mello House
| image = File:D'Mello House, 2021.jpg
| caption = [[Façade]] of the D'Mello House, 2021
| coordinates = {{Coord|15|18|54.48|N|73|59|45.23|E|display=inline,title}}
| opened_date = Prior to 1970s
| etymology = House of [[Melo (surname)|D'Mellos]]'
| address = Santimol, [[Raia, Goa]], India 403720
| owner = De Melo family
| building_type = [[Mansion]]/[[Bungalow]]
| status = Abandoned, [[dilapidated]]
| architectural_style = [[Portuguese colonial architecture]]
| known_for = Village folklore
}}

'''D'Mello House''' is an abandoned [[mansion]] that was built during the [[Portuguese India|Portuguese rule in Goa]]. It is located in Santimol, [[Raia, Goa|Raia]], and is described as one of the most [[haunted places]] in [[Goa]].

==Condition==
[[File:Interior of D'Mello House.jpg|thumb|The roof and walls of the house, 2021]]
The D'Mello House is a [[dilapidated]] mansion situated on a hillside, evoking a distinct atmosphere reminiscent of a haunted setting often depicted in [[horror movie|movies]]. The dimly lit rooms, worn-out walls, and sporadically growing plants contribute to an ambiance that exudes an air of mystery.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pal |first=Suchismita |date=2022-11-02 |title=5 Haunted Places In Goa That Can Run Shivers Down Your Spine |url=https://curlytales.com/5-haunted-places-in-goa-that-can-run-shivers-down-your-spine/ |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=Curly Tales |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102043148/https://curlytales.com/5-haunted-places-in-goa-that-can-run-shivers-down-your-spine/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Described by ''[[Vijaya Karnataka]]'', the house features a deteriorating roof, fragments of shattered glass, and the walls partially covered by the roots of a large tree. The presence of a broken door and similar elements collectively instill an unspoken sense of fear in the observer's psyche.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=ಆಸ್ತಿಗಾಗಿ ಹೊಡೆದಾಡಿಕೊಂಡಿದ್ದ ಅಣ್ಣ ತಮ್ಮ ಈಗ ಭೂತವಾಗಿ ಸುತ್ತಾಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರಾ...? |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/viral-adda/unsolved-mysteries/haunted-stories-about-dmello-house-in-santemol-goa/articleshow/75499819.cms |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=Vijay Karnataka |language=kn |archive-date=2023-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021121736/https://vijaykarnataka.com/viral-adda/unsolved-mysteries/haunted-stories-about-dmello-house-in-santemol-goa/articleshow/75499819.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Folklore==
In local [[folklore]], there is a tale surrounding the house that centers around two brothers who were the rightful owners and residents of the property. Inherited from previous generations, the brothers initially shared a harmonious relationship. However, a dispute arose between them regarding the ownership of the ancestral property, leading to a tragic event where one brother killed the other. Strangely, shortly thereafter, the brother who committed the act of [[fratricide]] also met his demise. The exact circumstances of his death remain a mystery, shrouded in uncertainty and unknown to this day.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Jeepers Creepers |url=http://www.thegoan.net/The-Great-Goan-Weekend/Rec-Room/Jeepers-Creepers/01651.html |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021121810/http://www.thegoan.net/The-Great-Goan-Weekend/Rec-Room/Jeepers-Creepers/01651.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In accordance with one narrative, the brother, who had previously been slain, purportedly returned in the form of a soul to exact revenge upon his murderer. This tale swiftly gained popularity, sparking widespread conversations surrounding the demise of these siblings. Concurrently, another narrative emerged, recounting the perpetual journey of the very same pair of souls. According to this story, both individuals, having tragically lost their lives in a dispute over a [[bungalow]], now wander aimlessly as restless spirits, plagued by unhappiness.<ref name=":0" />

The D'Mello House gained notoriety due to a widely circulated narrative claiming that the spirits of the deceased brother and his family continue to inhabit its premises.<ref name=":0" /> The house is also believed to be afflicted by a curse, preventing any subsequent family from reaching a peaceful resolution regarding the distribution of the estate.<ref name=":1" /> Additionally, numerous individuals have claimed to have heard eerie shrieking noises emanating from the house during nighttime, which are frequently attributed to the presence of the deceased brother's spirit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=itsgoa |date=2021-11-04 |title=Avoid These Haunted Places in Goa That Can Give You The Chills |url=https://itsgoa.com/haunted-places-in-goa |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=ItsGoa |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021122242/https://itsgoa.com/haunted-places-in-goa |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Analysis==
[[Maria de Lourdes Bravo da Costa Rodrigues]], of ''[[The Navhind Times]]'', encountered an article on fearandyou.in that discussed the D'Mello House. In her own article, she expressed her familiarity with the D'Mello family and raised questions about the validity of the information presented on fearandyou.in, emphasizing the need for substantiation of the writer's imaginative claims.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Times |first=Navhind |date=2015-06-19 |title=Haunted Places in Goa – The Navhind Times |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2015/06/19/magazines/zest/haunted-places-in-goa/ |access-date=2023-10-21 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021122242/https://www.navhindtimes.in/2015/06/19/magazines/zest/haunted-places-in-goa/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the context of the village of [[Raia, Goa|Raia]], da Costa Rodrigues made an assumption regarding the whereabouts of Santimol and concluded that there is no corresponding house in the specified [[Ward (electoral subdivision)|ward]], based on her consultation with her sister-in-law, who resided in the same village. It is worth noting that there existed a neglected house belonging to the De Melo family in Raia, which was abandoned several years ago when the owners relocated to [[Panaji]].<ref name=":2" />

The fearandyou.in website raised questions about whether it pertains to the same house. The house, which was previously well-maintained during the time of the mother's presence, fell into a state of abandonment after she died. In fact, the house served as a venue for the son's [[wedding reception]] in the 1970s. However, with no occupants, the house became a target for trespassers and criminals who would break in through doors and windows. It is speculated that these individuals spread rumors and create noises in order to deter others from entering the house, allowing them to use it undisturbed.<ref name=":2" />

In accordance with ''[[Vijaya Karnataka]]'', the house is primarily associated with [[horror story|horror stories]], and there is no documented evidence of [[Bad energy|negative energy]] within the premises, except for individuals who hold such beliefs. Additionally, it is not uncommon for people to hear accounts of a brother's murder and the mysterious death of another individual in relation to this property. There have been instances where broken liquor bottles have been discovered within the house, leading to speculation that individuals who gather there to consume alcohol may be responsible for peculiar noises and the resulting sense of fear. However, these claims remain uncertain. The prevalence of [[ghostly]] rumors surrounding the house has dissuaded its owners from returning, and potential buyers have been reluctant to acquire the property.<ref name=":0" />

==In popular culture==
*In January 2021, the D'Mello House was described on episode 33 of the SYWK Podcast: Everything About Paranormal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-21 |title=Lockdown Horror Story- A Personal Experience At The D'Mello's Haunted House In Goa |url=https://gaana.com/song/lockdown-horror-story-a-personal-experience-at-the-dmellos-haunted-house-in-goa-podcast-ep33 |access-date=2023-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021085739/https://gaana.com/song/lockdown-horror-story-a-personal-experience-at-the-dmellos-haunted-house-in-goa-podcast-ep33 |archive-date=2023-10-21 }}</ref>
*In August 2022, the D'Mello house was featured on the episode "Dmello House Goa Haunted Story In Hindi: What Happened There" of the Thrilling Weekends [[podcast]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dmello House Goa Haunted Story In Hindi: What Happened There |url=https://www.audacy.com/podcast/thrilling-weekends-80f3c/episodes/dmello-house-goa-haunted-story-in-hindi-what-happened-there-8b082 |access-date=2023-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022083524/https://www.audacy.com/podcast/thrilling-weekends-80f3c/episodes/dmello-house-goa-haunted-story-in-hindi-what-happened-there-8b082 |archive-date=2023-10-22 }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of reportedly haunted locations in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150510050652/http://www.fearandyou.in/2014/11/top-7-most-haunted-places-goa-better-avoid-visiting-alone.html D'Mello House article by fearandyou.in]

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Houses in Goa]]
[[Category:Reportedly haunted locations in India]]

List of accolades received by Mary Kom (film)

2025-03-25T10:50:15Z

DessiePelloe5: Adding A Entry.

{{Short description|none}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:List of accolades received by ''Mary Kom'' (film)}}
[[File:Priyanka Chopra at 2014 BIG Star.jpg|thumb|[[Priyanka Chopra]]'s performance in ''[[Mary Kom (film)|Mary Kom]]'' garnered her several awards and nominations]]

''[[Mary Kom (film)|Mary Kom]]'' is a 2014 Indian [[Biographical film|biographical]] [[List of sports films|sports]] drama film directed by [[Omung Kumar]] and produced by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]] and [[Viacom 18 Motion Pictures]].<ref name=bh>{{cite web|title=Mary Kom (2014) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/598539 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=26 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902120255/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/598539 |archive-date= 2 September 2013 }}</ref> The film features [[Priyanka Chopra]] in the lead role as the boxer [[Mary Kom]], with [[Darshan Kumar]] and [[Sunil Thapa]] in supporting roles as her husband and mentor, Onler Kom and M. Narjit Singh respectively.<ref name=bh/> The film was written by Saiwyn Quadras, with the cinematography provided by Keiko Nakahara while Bhansali co-edited the film with Rajesh G. Pandey.<ref name=bh/> The film follows Kom's journey of becoming a boxer to her victory at the [[2008 AIBA Women's World Boxing Championships|2008 World Boxing Championships]] in [[Ningbo]], China.<ref>{{cite web|title=MC Mary Kom {{mdash}} unboxed |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch-stories/mc-mary-kom-unboxed/article1-1266048.aspx |author=Duggal, Saurabh |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=1 October 2014 |access-date=25 July 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724045030/http://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch-stories/mc-mary-kom-unboxed/article1-1266048.aspx |archive-date=24 July 2015 }}</ref>

Before its theatrical release on 5 September 2014, the film premiered at the [[2014 Toronto International Film Festival]], where it became the first Hindi film to be screened on the opening night of the film festival.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mary Kom to have world premiere in Toronto |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Mary-Kom-to-have-world-premiere-in-Toronto/articleshow/41433153.cms |author=Kotwani, Hiren |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=2 September 2014 |access-date=29 October 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926043324/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Mary-Kom-to-have-world-premiere-in-Toronto/articleshow/41433153.cms |archive-date=26 September 2014 }}</ref> The film received generally positive reviews from critics and was a commercial success.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-priyanka-chopra-s-mary-kom-biopic-receives-good-response-2018385 |title=Priyanka Chopra's 'Mary Kom' biopic receives good response |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=13 September 2014 |access-date=6 September 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913124531/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-priyanka-chopra-s-mary-kom-biopic-receives-good-response-2018385 |archive-date=13 September 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Priyanka Chopra starrer 'Mary Kom' wins best film at Stockholm festival |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-priyanka-chopra-starrer-mary-kom-wins-best-film-at-stockholm-festival-2078794 |author=Press Trust of India |author-link=Press Trust of India |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=19 April 2015 |access-date=11 August 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924182440/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-priyanka-chopra-starrer-mary-kom-wins-best-film-at-stockholm-festival-2078794 |archive-date=24 September 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Year of the Khans: Top 10 Bollywood Hits of 2014 |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/the-year-of-the-khans-top-10-bollywood-hits-of-2014-714701 |author=Blaggan, Ishita |publisher=[[NDTV]] |date=18 December 2014 |access-date=11 August 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150728235913/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/the-year-of-the-khans-top-10-bollywood-hits-of-2014-714701 |archive-date=28 July 2015 }}</ref> It grossed {{INRConvert|1.05|b}} at the box-office against a budget of {{INRConvert|150|m}}.<ref name="gross">{{cite web|title=Breaking the myths about box office hits |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/breaking-the-myths-about-box-office-hits-114103100306_1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101042630/http://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/breaking-the-myths-about-box-office-hits-114103100306_1.html|archive-date=1 November 2014|author=Dasgupta, Surajeet|work=Business Standard|date=31 October 2014|access-date=15 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=6 September 2014|last1=Malvania|first1=Urvi|title=Mary Kom packs a punch at box office Film on way to make profit in the first weekend|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/mary-kom-packs-a-punch-at-box-office-114090600545_1.html|website=[[Business Standard]]|access-date=8 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004012204/http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/mary-kom-packs-a-punch-at-box-office-114090600545_1.html|archive-date=4 October 2014}}</ref> ''Mary Kom'' has received various awards and nominations, with praise for its direction, Chopra's performance, screenplay, editing, background score, and costume design. As of August 2015, the film has won 20 awards.

At the [[62nd National Film Awards]], the film won the [[National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment]]. It was nominated for [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]], and [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] for Chopra at the [[60th Filmfare Awards]]. ''Mary Kom'' received ten nominations at the 2014 [[Star Guild Awards]], including [[Star Guild Award for Best Film|Best Film]] and [[Star Guild Award for Best Director|Best Director]], winning five awards: [[Star Guild Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|Best Actress in a Leading Role]] for Chopra, [[Star Guild Award for Best Debut Director|Best Debut Director]] for Kumar, [[Star Guild Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]], Dialogue of the Year, and the Guild Presidents Award for [[Best Film]]. The film garnered eight nominations at the [[21st Screen Awards]], winning [[Screen Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] for Chopra.

==Accolades==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
!scope="col"| Award
!scope="col"| Date of ceremony{{efn|Date is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.}}
!scope="col"| Category
!scope="col"| Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
!scope="col"| Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="5" |[[BIG Star Entertainment Awards]]
| rowspan="5"| 18 December 2014
| Most Entertaining Film Actor – Female
| {{Sort|Chopra|[[Priyanka Chopra]]}}
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="5" |<ref name="bigstar14">{{cite web|title=Big Star Entertainment Awards Nominations List 2014 |url=http://www.927bigfm.com/bsea2014/nomination_list.php |access-date=30 December 2014 |publisher=[[Reliance Broadcast Network]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151216084934/http://www.927bigfm.com/bsea2014/nomination_list.php |archive-date=16 December 2015 }}</ref>
|-
| Most Entertaining Film of the Year
| ''[[Mary Kom (film)|Mary Kom]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
| Most Entertaining Actor in a Social Drama Film – Female
| {{Sort|Chopra|[[Priyanka Chopra]]}}
|{{won}}
|-
| Most Entertaining Social Drama Film
| ''[[Mary Kom (film)|Mary Kom]]''
|{{won}}
|-
| Most Entertaining Actor (Film) Debut – Male
| {{Sort|Kumar|[[Darshan Kumar]]}}
|{{nom}}
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="3" | [[Filmfare Awards]]
|rowspan="3"| [[60th Filmfare Awards|31 January 2015]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
| [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]
| {{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3" |<ref>{{cite news|title=Nominations for the 60th Britannia Filmfare Awards |url=http://www.filmfare.com/news/nominations-for-the-60th-britannia-filmfare-awards-8237.html |work=[[Filmfare]] |date=19 January 2015 |access-date=15 April 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110120443/http://www.filmfare.com/news/nominations-for-the-60th-britannia-filmfare-awards-8237.html |archive-date=10 January 2016 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| {{Sort|Chopra|[[Priyanka Chopra]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Background Score|Best Background Score]]
|Rohit Kulkarni
| {{nom}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" | [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
|rowspan="3" | [[16th IIFA Awards|7 June 2015]]
| [[IIFA Award for Best Movie|Best Film]]
| ''[[Mary Kom (film)|Mary Kom]]''
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|<ref>{{cite news|title='2 States', 'Haider' lead IIFA 2015 nominations, Aamir and SRK pitted for best actor |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-2-states-haider-lead-iifa-2015-nominations-aamir-and-srk-pitted-for-best-actor-2077364 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=14 April 2015 |access-date=15 April 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417151252/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-2-states-haider-lead-iifa-2015-nominations-aamir-and-srk-pitted-for-best-actor-2077364 |archive-date=17 April 2015 }}</ref><ref name=iifa>{{cite web|title=Winners of IIFA Awards 2015 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/8494 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=7 June 2015 |access-date=11 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150816060717/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/8494 |archive-date=16 August 2015 }}</ref>

|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| {{Sort|Chopra|[[Priyanka Chopra]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Debut Director
| {{Sort|Kumar|[[Omung Kumar]]}}
| {{won}}{{efn|Tied with [[Sajid Nadiadwala]] for ''[[Kick (2014 film)|Kick]]''.<ref name=iifa/>}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2"| [[Mirchi Music Awards]]
| rowspan="2"| [[7th Mirchi Music Awards|27 February 2015]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Mirchi Music Award for Upcoming Music Composer of The Year|Upcoming Music Composer of The Year]]
| {{sort|Suman|Shashi Suman}} (for song "Ziddi Dil")
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite web|title=7th Mirchi Music Awards Nominations |url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/bollywood/2014/nomination.php |publisher=[[Mirchi Music Awards]] |access-date=15 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213105428/http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/bollywood/2014/nomination.php |archive-date=13 February 2015 }}</ref>
|-
| {{sort|Pathak|Shivam Pathak}} (for song "Sukoon Mila")
| {{nom}}
|-
! scope="row" | [[National Film Awards]]
|[[62nd National Film Awards|3 May 2015]]
| [[National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment|Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment]]
| ''[[Mary Kom (film)|Mary Kom]]''
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=62ndfinal>{{cite web
|title=62nd National Film Awards for 2014 (Press Release)
|url=http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/62nd%20National%20Film%20Awards%202014%20-%20Press%20Release.pdf
|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]
|date=24 February 2015
|access-date=25 March 2015
|url-status=live
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402123148/http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/62nd%20National%20Film%20Awards%202014%20-%20Press%20Release.pdf
|archive-date= 2 April 2015
}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="8" | [[Screen Awards]]
| rowspan="8" | [[21st Screen Awards|14 January 2015]]
| [[Screen Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| {{Sort|Chopra|[[Priyanka Chopra]]}}
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="8" |<ref>{{cite news|title=Highlights: 21st Life OK Screen Awards: Shahid Kapoor, Priyanka Chopra win Best Actor, 'Queen' Best Film |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/120115-screen-awards-2015-live/ |author=Sharma, Sarika |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=14 January 2015 |access-date=14 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114125840/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/120115-screen-awards-2015-live/ |archive-date=14 January 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Crowd Favourites |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/crowd-favourites/ |access-date=5 January 2015 |work=The Indian Express |date=3 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103205031/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/crowd-favourites/ |archive-date= 3 January 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nominations for 21st Annual Life OK Screen Awards |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7752 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=10 January 2015 |access-date=15 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711235814/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7752 |archive-date=11 July 2015 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Actress (Popular Choice)|Best Actress – Popular Choice]]
| {{Sort|Chopra|[[Priyanka Chopra]]}}
|{{nom}}
|-
| Most Promising Debut Director
| {{Sort|Kumar|[[Omung Kumar]]}}
|{{nom}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
| {{Sort|Kumar|[[Darshan Kumar]]}}
|{{nom}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Male Debut|Best Male Debut]]
| {{Sort|Kumar|[[Darshan Kumar]]}}
|{{nom}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]
| {{Sort|Quadras|Saiwyn Quadras}}
|{{nom}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Background Music|Best Background Music]]
| {{Sort|Kulkarni|Rohit Kulkarni}}
|{{nom}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]]
| {{Sort|Bhansali|[[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]}}, Rajesh G. Pandey
|{{nom}}
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="10" | [[Star Guild Awards]]{{efn|Also known as Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards.<ref>{{cite web|title=Watch: Was Salman Khan joking or just being rude? |work=IBNLive |url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/watch-was-salman-khan-joking-or-being-plain-rude-599590.html |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |access-date=3 January 2015 |date=29 March 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150805233527/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/watch-was-salman-khan-joking-or-being-plain-rude-599590.html |archive-date= 5 August 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tata Elxsi Bags Awards |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.co.in/tata-elxsi-bags-awards/ |publisher=Box Office India |date=2 April 2013 |access-date=15 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923221008/http://www.boxofficeindia.co.in/tata-elxsi-bags-awards/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 }}</ref>}}
| rowspan="10" |12 January 2015
| [[Star Guild Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
| ''[[Mary Kom (film)|Mary Kom]]''
| {{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="10" |<ref name=guild>{{cite web |title=Star Guild Awards: Nominees and Winners |url=http://www.starguildawards.org/ |publisher=Star Guild Awards |date=12 January 2015 |access-date=14 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115191918/http://starguildawards.org/ |archive-date=2015-01-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7757 |title=Winners of 10th Renault Star Guild Awards |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=12 January 2015 |access-date=14 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113031302/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7757 |archive-date=13 January 2015 }}</ref>
|-
| The Guild Presidents Award for Best Film
| ''[[Mary Kom (film)|Mary Kom]]''
| {{won}}{{efn|Tied with ''[[Highway (2014 Hindi film)|Highway]]''.<ref name=guild/>}}
|-
| [[Star Guild Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| {{Sort|Kumar|[[Omung Kumar]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Star Guild Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|Best Actress in a Leading Role]]
| {{Sort|Chopra|[[Priyanka Chopra]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Star Guild Award for Best Debut Director|Best Debut Director]]
| {{Sort|Kumar|[[Omung Kumar]]}}
| {{won}}{{efn|Tied with [[Abhishek Varman]] for ''[[2 States (2014 film)|2 States]]'', Shashank Khaitan for ''[[Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania]]'' and Nitin Kakkar for ''[[Filmistaan]]''.<ref name=guild/>}}
|-
| [[Star Guild Award for Best Male Debut|Best Male Debut]]
| {{Sort|Kumar|[[Darshan Kumar]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Screenplay
| {{Sort|Quadras|Saiwyn Quadras}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| Dialogue of the Year
| {{Sort|Chopra|[[Priyanka Chopra]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Dialogue
| {{Sort|Rathore|Karan Singh Rathore}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Star Guild Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]]
| {{Sort|Mantry|Isha Mantry}}, Rajat K Tangri
|{{won}}{{efn|Tied with Payal Saluja for ''[[Dedh Ishqiya]]''.<ref name=guild/>}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | [[Stardust Awards]]
| rowspan="2" | 15 December 2014
| [[Stardust Award for Star of the Year – Female|Star of the Year – Female]]
| {{Sort|Chopra|[[Priyanka Chopra]]}}
| {{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |<ref name="stardustwins">{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7635 |title=Winners of Stardust Awards 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=15 December 2014 |access-date=14 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215100048/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7635 |archive-date=15 December 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7612/ |title=Nominations for Stardust Awards 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=8 December 2014 |access-date=14 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107084431/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7612/ |archive-date= 7 January 2015 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Stardust Award for Best Actress in a Drama|Best Actress in a Drama]]
| {{Sort|Chopra|[[Priyanka Chopra]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[List of Bollywood films of 2014]]

==Footnotes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3001638/awards Accolades for ''Mary Kom''] at the [[Internet Movie Database]]

{{Featured list}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mary Kom}}
[[Category:Lists of accolades by Indian film]]

Bhamati Tika

2025-02-01T07:52:22Z

DessiePelloe5: redirect created

#REDIRECT[[Vāchaspati Misra]]