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Vanni Arasu

2026-05-08T17:57:39Z

DessieIqj504:

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1971)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Vanni Arasu
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Tindivanam Assembly constituency|Tindivanam]]
| term_start = 6 May 2026
| term_end =
| party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| occupation = Politician
| predecessor = [[P. Arjunan]]
| successor =
| father =
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1971}}
| birth_place = Thiruperunthur, [[Viluppuram district|Viluppuram]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
}}

'''Vanni Arasu''' (born 1971) is an Indian politician from [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vanni Arasu, TINDIVANAM (SC) constituency, VCK, Tamilnadu Assembly Election 2026: Profile & Affidavit |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/candidates/Tamilnadu2026/vanni-arasu-1277/ |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] from Tindivanam Assembly constituency in Viluppuram district representing [[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]] which contested the assembly elections in alliance with [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-05-04 |title=Tamil Nadu election results 2026: Full list of winners |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/tamil-nadu-assembly/tamil-nadu-assembly-election-2026-results-full-list-of-winners/article70908112.ece |access-date=2026-05-06 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Rashmi |title=Vanni Arasu: Age, Biography, Education, Wife, Caste, Net Worth & More - Oneindia |url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/vanni-arasu-77631.html |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=www.oneindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Arasu is from Thiruperunthur, [[Viluppuram district]], Tamil Nadu. He is the son of Rathinasamy. He married Aathirai.<ref name=":0" /> He studied at Government High School, Malangkinnaru and passed Class 12 examinations in 1989. He declared assets worth Rs.48 lakhs in his affidavit to the Election Commission of India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vanni Arasu(Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi):Constituency- VANUR (SC)(VILLUPPURAM) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/TamilNadu2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=1638 |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Arasu became an MLA for the first time winning the [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Tindivanam Assembly constituency]] in representing Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi. He polled 63,833 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[P. Arjunan]] of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]], by a margin of 734 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-05-04 |title=Tindivanam election results 2026: VCK's Vanni Arasu wins against AIADMK's Arjunan P |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/tindivanam-election-results-2026/articleshow/130717627.cms |access-date=2026-05-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-04 |title=Tamil Nadu Assembly Election Results 2026 Winners: TVK secures 108 seats; DMK wins 59 — check constituency-wise |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/tamil-nadu-assembly-election-results-2026-winners-list-constituency-wise-seat-wise-10664508/ |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-04 |title=Tindivanam Election Result 2026 Highlights: VCK's Vanni Arasu wins Tindivanam with 63833 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/tindivanam-assembly-election-results-2026-live-updates-tamil-nadu-vote-counting-seat-constituency-candidates-leading-trailing-tnaelb-2905908-2026-05-04 |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arasu, Vanni}}
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi politicians]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2026–2031]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:People from Viluppuram district]]

Jindal Steel

2026-05-07T07:40:50Z

DessieIqj504: creating the entry w/ infobox

{{short description|Indian multinational steel and infrastructure company}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Jindal Steel Limited
| logo = Jindal Steel Limited Logo.png
| image = Jindal Centre Raigarh.png
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{ubl|{{BSE|532286}}|{{NSE|JINDALSTEL}}}}
| founder = [[O P Jindal]]
| location = [[New Delhi]], India<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jindalsteelpower.com/contact/network-address.aspx|title=Jindal Steel Power || Home|access-date=24 September 2010|archive-date=22 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222145400/http://www.jindalsteelpower.com/contact/network-address.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = [[Naveen Jindal]] ([[Chairman]])<ref name=MgmtDetails>{{cite web |url=https://www.jindalsteelpower.com/key-management-personnel.html |title=Management Details |publisher=Jindal Steel |access-date=June 5, 2020 |archive-date=12 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512100918/https://jindalsteelpower.com/key-management-personnel.html |url-status=live }}</ref> {{nowrap|Bimlendra Jha<ref name=MgmtDetails/> ([[Managing director|MD]])}}
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|INE749A01030}}
| industry = [[Steel]], [[Energy industry|Energy]]
| products = [[Steel]], [[Iron]], [[Electricity generation]] and [[Electricity distribution|distribution]]
| revenue = {{decrease}} {{INRConvert|50183|c}} (2024)<ref name="Financials">{{cite web |url= https://www.bseindia.com/xml-data/corpfiling/AttachLive/46cf2886-f327-433a-a26a-ece2cab12ff2.pdf |title= Jindal Steel and Limited. Financial Statements |website= jindalsteelpower.com |access-date= 13 May 2024 }}</ref>
| operating_income = {{Increase}} {{INRConvert|6241|c}} (2024)
| net_income = {{Increase}} {{INRConvert|5943|c}} (2024)
| assets = {{Increase}} {{INRConvert|78715|c}} (2024)
| equity = {{Increase}} {{INRConvert|44750|c}} (2024)
| num_employees = 11,178 (including 4,807 non permanent)(2024)
| subsid = [[Jindal Petroleum Limited]] Vulcan Green Steel [[Jindal Cement]] Jindal Panther TMT Rebars Jindal Infosolutions Ltd Jindal Synfuels Ltd Jindal Minerals & Metals Jindal Power Raigarh Pathalgaon Expressway Ltd.
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.jindalsteel.com/|jindalsteel.com}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Jindal Steel Limited''' is an Indian [[steel]] company based in [[New Delhi]].<ref name="Forbes">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/jindal-steel-power/ |title=Jindal Steel & Power on the Forbes Global 2000 List |work=Forbes |date=31 May 2013 |access-date=1 December 2013 |archive-date=2 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202235620/http://www.forbes.com/companies/jindal-steel-power/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Jindal Steel Limited is a part of [[OP Jindal Group]].<ref>{{cite news |url= https://businessindia.co/magazine/amazing-turnaround-of-jspl |title= Amazing turnaround of JSPL |author= Lancelot Joseph |date= 28 June 2021 |work= businessindia.co |access-date= 29 June 2022 |archive-date= 19 May 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220519075546/https://www.businessindia.co/magazine/amazing-turnaround-of-jspl |url-status= live }}</ref>

In terms of tonnage, it is the third-largest private steel producer in India and the only private player in India to produce rails. The company manufactures and sells [[sponge iron]], mild steel slabs, rails, mild steel, structural, hot rolled plates, iron ore pellets, and coils.<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.business-standard.com/company/jindal-steel-20287/information/company-history|title = Jindal Steel & Power Ltd|newspaper = Business Standard India|access-date = 9 February 2022|archive-date = 9 February 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220209120005/https://www.business-standard.com/company/jindal-steel-20287/information/company-history|url-status = live}}</ref> Jindal Steel set up the world's first [[Direct reduction#Continuous processes|MXCOL]] plant at Angul, Odisha that uses the locally available and cheap high-ash coal and turns it into [[synthesis gas]] for steel making, reducing the dependence on imported [[coking coal]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/jspl-s-coal-gas-based-steel-tech-in-harvard-case-study-115011800659_1.html | title=JSPL's coal gas-based steel tech in Harvard case study | newspaper=Business Standard India | date=18 January 2015 | agency=Press Trust of India | access-date=29 June 2022 | archive-date=8 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608040109/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/jspl-s-coal-gas-based-steel-tech-in-harvard-case-study-115011800659_1.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:EXCON 2025, Bangalore International Exhibition Centre (474).jpg|thumb|right|Jindal Steel at [[EXCON]] 2025, [[Bangalore International Exhibition Centre|BIEC]] ]]

==Operations==

=== Angul ===
In 2022, Union Steel Minister Ram Chandra Prasad Singh inaugurated Jindal Steel's 1.4 MTPA TMT rebar mill at its integrated complex in Odisha's Angul district. <ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/steel-minister-inaugurates-jindal-steel-s-tmt-rebar-mill-in-angul-odisha-11651303479173.html |title= Steel minister inaugurates Jindal Steel's TMT rebar mill in Angul, Odisha |author= Ujjval Jauhari |date= 30 April 2022 |work= livemint.com |access-date= 29 June 2022 |archive-date= 2 July 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220702141506/https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/steel-minister-inaugurates-jindal-steel-s-tmt-rebar-mill-in-angul-odisha-11651303479173.html |url-status= live }}</ref> One of the most advanced steel plants in the world and India’s only steel plant using a coal gasification-based route to produce syngas-based DRI, Angul is designed for end-to-end value creation and low-carbon energy integration.{{cn|date=April 2026}}

=== Barbil ===
Jindal Steel's pellet plant at Barbil has a total installed capacity of 9 MTPA<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/jspl---s-barbil-pellet-plant-achieves-rare-production-feat.html|title= JSPL's Barbil Pellet plant achieves rare production feat
|author=|date= 28 April 2019|work= The Pioneer|access-date= 29 June 2022|archive-date= 29 June 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220629092421/https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/jspl---s-barbil-pellet-plant-achieves-rare-production-feat.html|url-status= live}}</ref> production for different pellet grades. The plant includes a dry grinding facility that harnesses the recuperation type of straight grate technology.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}

=== Patratu ===
Jindal Steel's manufacturing facility at Patratu, Jharkhand has a total finished steel capacity of 1.6 MTPA.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/naveen-jindal-visits-steel-plant-at-patratu/articleshow/90600895.cms|title= Naveen Jindal visits steel plant at Patratu
|author=|date= 2 April 2022|work= Times of India|access-date= 29 June 2022|archive-date= 29 June 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220629092421/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/naveen-jindal-visits-steel-plant-at-patratu/articleshow/90600895.cms|url-status= live}}</ref>

=== Nalwa Steel and Power ===
Nalwa Steel and Power Limited (NSPL) is an integrated steel plant in Raigarh, Chhattisgarh, India with a capacity of 0.36 million tons of finished steel per year.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://newsriveting.com/jindal-arm-to-set-up-square-rectangular-pipes-manufacturing-unit-in-chhattisgarh/#google_vignette | title=Jindal arm to set up square rectangular pipes manufacturing unit in Chhattisgarh | date=3 May 2023 }}</ref>

==Listings and shareholding==
The equity shares of Jindal Steel Limited are listed on the [[Bombay Stock Exchange]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bseindia.com/stock-share-price/jindal-steel--power-ltd/jindal-steel/532286/ |title=Jindal Steel Limited |publisher=BSEindia.com |access-date=2 December 2013 |archive-date=3 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203011713/http://www.bseindia.com/stock-share-price/jindal-steel--power-ltd/jindal-steel/532286/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[National Stock Exchange of India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nseindia.com/live_market/dynaContent/live_watch/get_quote/GetQuote.jsp?symbol=JINDALSTEL |title=Jindal Steel Limited |publisher=NSE India |access-date=2 December 2013 |archive-date=3 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203003607/http://www.nseindia.com/live_market/dynaContent/live_watch/get_quote/GetQuote.jsp?symbol=JINDALSTEL |url-status=live }}</ref>

'''Shareholding''': On 31 March 2022, the promoter group Jindal Group held 60.5% of its [[Common stock|equity shares]]. 27% of the shares were owned by the Institutional Investors. Public shareholders own approx. 12.5% of its shares.<ref name=AR202021>{{cite web |url=https://d2lptvt2jijg6f.cloudfront.net/jindalsteelpower/post/1631257790_Annual-Report-2020-21%20%281%29.pdf |title=Annual Report 2020-21 |publisher=Jindal Steel |access-date=June 29, 2022 |archive-date=30 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030114445/https://d2lptvt2jijg6f.cloudfront.net/jindalsteelpower/post/1631257790_Annual-Report-2020-21%20(1).pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Shareholding>{{cite web |url=https://www.bseindia.com/stock-share-price/jindal-steel--power-ltd/jindalstel/532286/qtrid/113.00/shareholding-pattern/Mar-2022 |title=Shareholding pattern |publisher=BSE India |date=29 June 2022 |access-date=29 June 2022 |archive-date=12 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312155219/https://www.bseindia.com/stock-share-price/jindal-steel--power-ltd/jindalstel/532286/qtrid/113.00/shareholding-pattern/Mar-2022 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Shareholders (as of 31-March-2022)!! Shareholding<ref name=AR202021/><ref name=Shareholding/>
|-
| Promoter Group (Jindal Family)||60.45%
|-
| Foreign [[Institutional investor|Institutional Investors]] (FII)/[[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|NRI]]/OCB/Trusts/[[Foreign national]]||9.7%
|-
| Public||12.5%
|-
| [[Financial institution|Financial Institutions]]/[[Bank]]s/[[Mutual fund|Mutual Funds]]/[[Unit Trust of India|UTI]]/[[Insurance]] companies/Central Government||27%
|-
| Total||100.0%
|-
|}

The company officially changed its name from Jindal Steel and Power to Jindal Steel Ltd. on 23 July, 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jindal Steel and Power renamed as Jindal Steel |url=https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/construction/jindal-steel-and-power-renamed-as-jindal-steel/122855659 |access-date=2025-07-30 |website=ETInfra.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Initiatives==
'''Jindal Panther TMT Rebars''' Jindal Steel has forayed into the construction retail industry with the launch of Jindal Panther TMT Rebars for the housing segment. These rebars are manufactured in 1.0 MTPA capacity TMT Rebar mill at [[Patratu]], [[Jharkhand]], supplied by [[Siemens]].<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/raipur/jspl-launches-jindal-panther-tmt-rebars.html| title= JSPL launches 'Jindal Panther' TMT Rebars| date= 8 August 2013| access-date= 24 February 2014| archive-date= 22 February 2014| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140222191837/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/raipur/jspl-launches-jindal-panther-tmt-rebars.html| url-status= live}}</ref>

'''Jindal Institute of Power Technology''' (JIPT) JIPT was established to develop a pool of technically trained power plant professionals for power utilities in India and abroad. The course authorizes the pass-outs to operate or undertake maintenance of any part or whole of generating stations of capacity 100 MW & above together with the associated substations.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}

It is promoted by Jindal Education & Welfare Society, which is supported by Jindal Power Limited. The Institute possesses a simulator of 250 MW/600 MW generating units. JIPT is located in the 4X250, 4X600 MW [[Jindal Tamnar Thermal Power Plant]] in [[Tamnar]], [[Raigarh]], Chhattisgarh.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}

==Controversies==

=== Involvement in coalgate scam ===
{{See also|Indian coal allocation scam}}
Jindal Steel was one of the two private companies to get a coal field in February 2009. JSL got the Talcher coal field in Angul with reserves of 150 crore (1,500 million) metric tonnes after the cut-off date by the Central Government, while the [[Government of India|Government]]-run Navratna Coal India Ltd was refused.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/coalgate-norm-violated-by-government-to-favour-naveen-jindal/289062-37-64.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208232039/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/coalgate-norm-violated-by-government-to-favour-naveen-jindal/289062-37-64.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 December 2013 |title=Coalgate: Norm violated by government to favour Naveen Jindal |newspaper=IBN Live |date=6 September 2012 |access-date=1 December 2013}}</ref>

Both the blocks were in [[Odisha, India|Odisha]], with a combined worth of over ₹2 [[lakh]] crore, and were meant for liquification of coal. The opposition parties alleged that the Government violated all norms in granting the coal fields. Naveen Jindal, however, denied any wrongdoing.<ref name="Denial">{{cite news|date=7 September 2012|title=Congress MP Naveen Jindal blames government for coalgate|newspaper=IBN Live|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/congress-mp-naveen-jindal-blames-government-for-coalgate/289319-37-64.html|url-status=dead|access-date=1 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208232116/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/congress-mp-naveen-jindal-blames-government-for-coalgate/289319-37-64.html|archive-date=8 December 2013}}</ref>

=== Iron ore reserve mining in Bolivia ===
On 3 June 2006, [[Bolivia]] granted development rights for one of the world's largest iron ore reserves in the [[El Mutún]] region to Jindal Steel. With an initial investment of US$1.5 billion, the company plans to invest an additional US$2.1 billion over the next eight years in the South American country.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/mining-energy/indias-bolivian-ore/story-e6frg9df-1111115015459 | work=The Australian | title=India's Bolivian ore | date=3 December 2007 | access-date=11 September 2013 | archive-date=11 August 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811172326/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/mining-energy/indias-bolivian-ore/story-e6frg9df-1111115015459 | url-status=live }}</ref>

Jindal Steel is likely to terminate the contract of investing $2.1 billion in setting up a steel plant in Bolivia, due to non-fulfilment of contractual obligations by the [[Politics of Bolivia|Bolivian Government]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/article3508852.ece| title=Jindal Steel to exit from $2-b mining contract with Bolivia| date=9 June 2012| access-date=9 June 2012| archive-date=11 June 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120611042928/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/article3508852.ece| url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2024, the [[International Court of Arbitration]] of the [[International Chamber of Commerce]] ruled in favor of Bolivia against the Indian company Jindal Steel Bolivia S.A. (JSB) that demanded compensation of 100 million dollars from the Bolivian State for the Mutún project, which is about to be completed in Santa Cruz.

The court, in its ruling, dismissed JSB's claims and declared that Empresa Siderúrgica de El Mutún (ESM) complied with all of its contractual obligations in good faith under Bolivian law. In addition, it determined that the Indian transnational must assume the costs of the arbitration, which amount to 740 thousand dollars, and pay the ESM more than 1.9 million dollars in costs and expenses, plus interest based on the yield of the bonds of the United States Treasury.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/economia/20240620/corte-desestima-demanda-jindal-falla-favor-bolivia-caso-mutun| title=Corte desestima demanda de Jindal y falla a favor de Bolivia en caso Mutún| date=20 June 2024| access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.procuraduria.gob.bo/paginacontenido/538| title=CORTE INTERNACIONAL DE ARBITRAJE DE LA CÁMARA DE COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL (CCI)| date=20 June 2024| access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons category}}

{{Steel industry of India}}
{{Nifty 200 companies}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jindal Steel Limited}}
[[Category:Steel companies of India]]
[[Category:Electric power companies of India]]
[[Category:Hisar (city)]]
[[Category:Economy of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Economy of Haryana]]
[[Category:Companies based in New Delhi]]
[[Category:Energy companies established in 1952]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1952]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Delhi]]
[[Category:Energy in Haryana]]
[[Category:Coal block allocation scam]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1952]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Jindal Steel]]

Sitalkuchi Assembly constituency

2026-05-06T13:51:47Z

DessieIqj504: stub.

{{About| the assembly constituency in West Bengal|2. its namesake village|Sitalkuchi, Cooch Behar|3.its namesake community development block|Sitalkuchi}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sitalkuchi
| type= SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Sitalkuchi.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Sitalkuchi Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Sabitri Barman]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Cooch Behar district|Cooch Behar]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Cooch Behar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Cooch Behar]]
| constituency_no = 5
| established = 1962
| electors = 285,548(2026)
| reservation = SC
| abolished =
}}

'''Sitalkuchi Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Cooch Behar district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|scheduled castes]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 5 Sitalkuchi Assembly constituency (SC) covers [[Sitalkuchi (Community development block)|Sitalkuchi]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]] and Bairagirhat, Gopalpur, Jorpatiki, Kedarhat, Kursamari, Nayarhat and Shikarpur [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Mathabhanga I (Community development block)|Mathabhanga I]] community development block.<ref name =delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 | access-date = 20 June 2014 | work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission}}</ref>

Sitalkuchi Assembly constituency is part of No. 1 [[Cooch Behar (Lok Sabha constituency)]] (SC).<ref name =delimitation/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Name
! colspan=2|Party
|-
!colspan=4|Before 1962 - Constituency did not exist
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Bejoy Kumar Roy
|{{Full party name with color|All India Forward Bloc}}
|-
!colspan=4|1967–1977 - Constituency did not exist
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|rowspan="6"|Sudhir Pramanik
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=7|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|Harish Chandra Barman
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Hiten Barman]]
|{{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|[[Baren Chandra Barman]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
|[[Sabitri Barman]]
|}

==Election results==
===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Sitalkuchi}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Sabitri Barman]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes= 144367|percentage= 51.59|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Harihar Das|party=Trinamool Congress|votes= 119089|percentage= 42.56|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nabadipti Adhikari|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|votes= 3979|percentage= 1.42|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sukamal Barman|party=Indian National Congress|votes= 2522|percentage= 0.9|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes= 1654|percentage= 0.59|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=279822|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner =BJP
|swing = hold
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
In the 2021 elections Baren Chandra Barman of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] won defeating his nearest rival Partha Pratim R0y of [[All India Trinamool Congress]]

{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Sitalkuchi<ref>cite web| url = https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/partywiseresult-S25.htm?st=S25| title = General Elections to Vidhan Sabha Trends and Result May 2021 | work= Constituency-wise all candidates - West Bengal, Sitalkuchi |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 10 May 2021</ref><ref name=vidhansabha2021>{{cite web| url = https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/sitalkuchi-west-bengal-election-result-2021| title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2021 |work =Sitalkuchi| publisher =Times Now |access-date = 7 April 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Baren Chandra Barman]]
|votes = 124,955
|percentage = 50.80
|change = +373.47
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Partha Pratim Roy]]
|votes = 107,140
|percentage = 43.56
|change = +5.40
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Sudhangshu Pramanik
|votes = 6,720
|percentage = 2.73
|change = -861.64
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Hare Krishna Sarkar
|votes = 2018
|percentage = 0.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Kamtapur People's Party (United)
|candidate = Manick Chandra Barman
|votes = 976
|percentage = 0.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Amra Bangalee
|candidate = Kamal Barman
|votes = 721
|percentage = 0.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Jagadish Adhikari
|votes = 693
|percentage = 0.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 245,966
|percentage = 85.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

{{election table|title=[[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] elections, 2021 Cooch Behar district summary}}
|-
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:left;" width=225|Party
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Seats won
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Seat change
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 7
| style="text-align:center;" | {{increase}}7
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Trinamool Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2
| style="text-align:center;" | {{decrease}}6
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 0
| style="text-align:center;" | {{decrease}}1
|-
|}

===2016===
In the 2016 election, Hiten Barman of Trinamool Congress defeated his nearest rival Namadipti Adhikary of CPI(M).

{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2016]]: Sitalkuchi (SC) constituency<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.india.com/assembly-election-2016/west-bengal/sitalkuchi/|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2016 |work =Sitalkuchi| publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 12 April 2021}}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Hiten Barman]]
|votes = 1,01,647
|percentage = 42.71
|change = -1.51
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Namadipti Adhikari
|votes = 86,164
|percentage = 36.32
|change = -7.76
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Baren Chandra Barman]]
|votes = 37,347
|percentage = 15.74
|change = +11.13
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Kamtapur People's Party (United)
|candidate = Premamamda Barman
|votes = 4,953
|percentage = 2.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Jagadish Adhikari
|votes = 2,267
|percentage = 0.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Girindranath Barman
|votes = 2,235
|percentage = 0.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Amra Bangalee
|candidate = Subodh Barman
|votes = 1,838
|percentage = 0.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Fulkumar Barman
|votes = 1,520
|percentage = 0.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 15,483
|percentage = 6.39
|change = +6.25
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 2,37,971
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

{{election table|title=[[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] elections, 2016 Cooch Behar district summary}}
|-
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:left;" width=225|Party
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Seats won
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Seat change
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Trinamool Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 8
| style="text-align:center;" | {{increase}}4
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1
| style="text-align:center;" | {{decrease}}3
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 0
| style="text-align:center;" | {{decrease}}1
|-
|-
|}

===2011===
In the 2011 election, Hiten Barman of Trinamool Congress defeated his nearest rival Biswanath Pramanik of CPI(M).

{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Sitalkuchi (SC) constituency<ref name=vidhansabha2011>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_WB_May2011.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 2011, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=5| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130603113522/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=5| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 3 June 2013|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work =Sitalkuchi| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 20 April 2011}}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Hiten Barman]]
|votes = 84,651
|percentage = 44.22
|change = +4.73
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Biswanath Pramanik
|votes = 84,394
|percentage = 44.08
|change = -8.66
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Bhabendra Nath Barman
|votes = 8,829
|percentage = 4.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
|candidate = Subal Barman
|votes = 6,000
|percentage = 3.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Dwijendra Nath Barman
|votes = 3,547
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Gautam Barman
|votes = 2,369
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Amra Bangalee
|candidate = Subodh Barman
|votes = 1,663
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 257
|percentage = 0.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 191,453
|percentage = 88.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing = +13.39
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1977-2006===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006 state assembly elections]],<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref> Harish Chandra Barman of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] won the Sitalkuchi seat defeating his nearest rival Lalit Chandra Pramanik of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]]. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Sudhir Pramanik of CPI(M) defeated Birendra Narayan Barma of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 2001<ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref> and 1996,<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref> Ambika Charan Ray of Congress in 1991,<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref> Sabita Roy of Congress in 1987,<ref name=vidhansabha1987>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref> and Birendranath Roy of Congress in 1982<ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref> and 1977.<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp02.htm| title = 2 - Sitalkuchi (SC) Assembly Constituency | work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977| publisher = Election Commission of India| access-date = 29 August 2009}}</ref>

===Earlier===
Bejoy Kumar Roy of Forward Bloc won the Sitalkuchi seat in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]].<ref name=vidhansabha1962>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Cooch Behar topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

[[Category:Politics of Cooch Behar district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in West Bengal]]

Shukul Bazar

2026-05-03T13:34:08Z

DessieIqj504: post.

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Shukul Bazar
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Bāzār Shukul
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Shukul Bazar block map.png
| map_caption = Map showing Shukul Bazar CD block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.602751|N|81.582598|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="GeoNames">{{cite web |url=https://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/ |website=Do a radial search using these coordinates here |title=Geonames Search}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Faizabad division]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Sultanpur district|Sultanpur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Shukul Bazar''', also called '''Bazar Shukul''' or more rarely '''Mawaiya-Rahmatgarh''', is a town<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> and [[community development block]]<ref name="Census 2011"/> in [[Musafirkhana]] tehsil of [[Sultanpur district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Sultanpur, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=77–93 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0948_PART_A_DCHB_SULTANPUR.pdf |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref><ref name="Gazetteer 1903">{{cite book |last1=Nevill |first1=H.R. |title=Sultanpur: A Gazetteer, Being Volume XLVI Of The District Gazetteers Of The United Provinces Of Agra And Oudh |date=1903 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |pages=185, 199–201 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.113213 |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> It is located on the road from [[Inhauna]] to [[Rudauli]].<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/>

At the turn of the 20th century, Shukul Bazar was described as the only real town in the otherwise mostly rural [[tehsil]] of Musafirkhana.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> It had an important market and was the headquarters of a police [[thana]] which, despite its small jurisdiction, was very busy due to a lot of unrest in the area.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> It also had a post office and one of the largest schools in the tehsil.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/>

The market at Shukul Bazar is held on Wednesdays and Sundays and mostly deals in cloth.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (44 - Sultanpur District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |pages=118, 121, 147 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1035/1/22847_1961_SUL.pdf |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> As of 1961, it had an average attendance of around 500 people.<ref name="Census 1961"/> At that point, the town also had a government-run [[dispensary]] with 2 beds for males and 2 for females, and it had a police force consisting of 1 sub-inspector, 1 head constable, and 12 constables.<ref name="Census 1961"/>

==History==
Sukul bazar, founded about a century ago by some members of a well to do Sukul ( Brahmin ) family . It shared with Perkinsginj the advantage of being near the Gumti .

==Villages==
Shukul Bazar CD block has the following 71 villages:<ref name="Census 2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Village name
! Total land area (hectares)
! Population (in 2011)
|-
| [[Manjh Gaon]] || 647.7 || 2,123
|-
| [[Sansarpur, Shukul Bazar|Sansarpur]] || 358.5 || 1,570
|-
| [[Khemmau]] || 417.4 || 3,161
|-
| [[Tendua, Sultanpur|Tendua]] || 231.5 || 2,383
|-
| [[Dakkhin Gaon Kyar]] || 394.9 || 4,566
|-
| [[Shivali, Sultanpur|Shivali]] || 207 || 2,069
|-
| [[Pali, Shukul Bazar|Pali]] || 840.6 || 4,432
|-
| [[Urer Mau]] || 566.9 || 2,872
|-
| [[Tenwasi]] || 179.1 || 1,438
|-
| [[Bubupur]] || 683.2 || 4,049
|-
| [[Ahamadpur, Sultanpur|Ahamadpur]] || 415.9 || 3,826
|-
| [[Dhanesha Rajput]] || 94 || 1,602
|-
| [[Mawaiya Rahmat Garh]] || 511.2 || 7,795
|-
| [[Indriya, Sultanpur|Indriya]] || 263.1 || 2,139
|-
| [[Ekkatajpur]] || 180.5 || 1,550
|-
| [[Husen Pur]] || 218.8 || 2,050
|-
| [[Sidhauli, Sultanpur|Sidhauli]] || 203 || 988
|-
| [[Daranagar, Sultanpur|Daranagar]] || 66.6 || 1,255
|-
| [[Harkhu Mau]] || 536.2 || 3,119
|-
| [[Sewara]] || 259 || 2,788
|-
| [[Nimpur]] || 206 || 1,227
|-
| [[Newaj Bhadar Garh]] || 105.6 || 2,315
|-
| [[Nihal Garh Saida Patti]] || 161.6 || 1,439
|-
| [[Pure Dayagir]] || 51.1 || 236
|-
| [[Unch Gaon]] || 823.1 || 4,537
|-
| [[Khalish Bahadur Pur]] || 221.6 || 1,832
|-
| [[Gayas Pur]] || 243.3 || 1,756
|-
| [[Kaji Pur]] || 290.4 || 1,009
|-
| [[Ashis Pur]] || 104.1 || 2,001
|-
| [[Nirhi Garh]] || 46 || 379
|-
| [[Sidhana Mau]] || 170.2 || 845
|-
| [[Fatte Pur]] || 87.6 || 848
|-
| [[Mahauna Paschim]] || 1,061.9 || 11,220
|-
| [[Mahauna Purab]] || 473.1 || 4,348
|-
| [[Kisuni]] || 689.4 || 6,032
|-
| [[Shahpur Shamshul Haque]] || 50.4 || 195
|-
| [[Nadi, Sultanpur|Nadi]] || 351.5 || 2,307
|-
| [[Bhandara Shekh Pur]] || 233.4 || 1,241
|-
| [[Makhdum Kalan]] || 689.2 || 4,798
|-
| [[Laliha Mau]] || 70.1 || 357
|-
| [[Badal Garh]] || 184.4 || 1,768
|-
| [[Jodil Mau]] || 170.3 || 1,105
|-
| [[Banarpur]] || 76.3 || 819
|-
| [[Mardanpur, Sultanpur|Mardanpur]] || 365.8 || 3,514
|-
| [[Sujanpur, Shukul Bazar|Sujanpur]] || 58.3 || 462
|-
| [[Baharpur]] || 450.4 || 4,778
|-
| [[Puredip Chand]] || 50.5 || 302
|-
| [[Bakhtawar Nagar]] || 108.6 || 1,131
|-
| [[Muhiuddin Pur]] || 122 || 1,081
|-
| [[Chhajju Pur]] || 164 || 462
|-
| [[Para, Shukul Bazar|Para]] || 183.9 || 1,342
|-
| [[Kundan Pur]] || 135.3 || 1,682
|-
| [[Bhatmau, Sultanpur|Bhatmau]] || 128.2 || 1,201
|-
| [[Jalali, Sultanpur|Jalali]] || 61.1 || 660
|-
| [[Balapur, Sultanpur|Balapur]] || 82.6 || 723
|-
| [[Sahabgarh]] || 47.1 || 401
|-
| [[Saraiya Peerzada]] || 56.6 || 1,224
|-
| [[Byaure Mau]] || 374.1 || 2,587
|-
| [[Barsanda]] || 473.1 || 5,584
|-
| [[Sauna, Sultanpur|Sauna]] || 295.8 || 2,461
|-
| [[Rasulpur, Shukul Bazar|Rasul Pur]] || 326 || 4,200
|-
| [[Tevar Pur]] || 156.1 || 2,313
|-
| [[Hasanpur Tiwari]] || 130.7 || 844
|-
| [[Jamuwari]] || 134.1 || 972
|-
| [[Vishambher Patti]] || 112.7 || 1,633
|-
| [[Sathin]] || 539.8 || 4,529
|-
| [[Tirai]] || 1 || 0
|-
| [[Mandwa, Sultanpur|Mandwa]] || 311.8 || 2,178
|-
| [[Baj Garh]] || 186.5 || 2,025
|-
| [[Fazil Pur]] || 74 || 883
|-
| [[Rondawa]] || 64.6 || 963
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Sultanpur district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Sultanpur district]]

Christian Brothers (film)

2026-05-02T11:21:11Z

DessieIqj504: Stub...

{{short description|2011 film by Joshiy}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Christian Brothers
| image = Christian Brothers.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Joshiy]]
| writer = [[Udayakrishna-Siby K. Thomas]]
| producer = A. V. Anoop [[Maha Subair]]
| starring = {{ubl|[[Mohanlal]]|[[Suresh Gopi]]|[[Dileep]]|[[R. Sarathkumar]]}}
| music = [[Deepak Dev]] C. Rajamani
| cinematography = Anil Nair
| editing = [[Ranjan Abraham]]
| studio = Varnachithra Big Screen
| distributor = AVA Productions
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2011|3|18|[[India]]}}
| runtime = 181 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| budget = ₹9 crore<ref name="budget" />
| gross = 
}}

'''''Christian Brothers''''' is a 2011 [[India]]n [[Malayalam]] language [[action thriller film]] directed by [[Joshiy]] and written by [[Udayakrishna-Siby K. Thomas|Udayakrishna and Siby K. Thomas]]. The film features [[Mohanlal]] in the title role alongside [[Suresh Gopi]], [[Dileep]] and [[R. Sarathkumar]] with an [[Ensemble cast|ensemble supporting cast]]. The film features [[Film score|musical score]] composed by Rajamani and songs by [[Deepak Dev]].

''Christian Brothers'' was released worldwide on 18 March 2011 and had the largest release for a Malayalam language film at that time.{{citation needed|date=June 2021}}. The film was a commercial success and was the highest grossing Malayalam movie of 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-christian-brothers/20110318.htm|title = Review: Christian Brothers is entertaining|date = 18 March 2011|work = rediff.com|access-date = 12 October 2014|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141019005606/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-christian-brothers/20110318.htm|archive-date = 19 October 2014|url-status = live}}</ref>

==Plot==
{{long plot|date=January 2026}} 
Palamattathu Varghese Mappila is a generationally wealthy man and retired [[Captain (armed forces)|captain]] from the [[Indian Army]]. He is a widower and has four children named Christy, Joji, Jessy and Stella. Varghese is entrusted with an important document pertaining to the transfer of vast amount of land, which was once granted to the Christian [[Missionary|missionaries]] by his younger brother Thomas alias Kochu Thoma, a village officer. While Varghese was serving in the Army, his children were taken care by Kochu Thoma, who remained unmarried, took care of them and buried the absence of motherly affection and care. Christy is currently working as a high-profile [[Informant|police informant]] and as a secret agent of the Central Government in [[Mumbai]]. Joji left for [[Italy]] to study [[theology]], but he travels to [[London]] and later opts out after he falls in love with Meenakshi, the daughter of State [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Home Minister]] Sudhakaran.

Kunnel Kumaran Thampi, a ruthless liquor baron wants to usurp the land for the construction of a resort, where he kills Kochu Thoma for his incorruptible obstinacy and orders to dump his body in a quagmire with his car, where he sets to find the documents. Varghese lodges a missing petition with the cops regarding the prolonged disappearance of his brother. Meanwhile, Meenakshi's father learns her relationship with Joji and fakes a heart attack to make Meenakshi return from London. When Joji finds out that she is leaving, he joins her but her cousin Vinod and his friends burns his passport. Upon returning to [[India]], Meenakshi gets kidnapped and the case is assigned to Christy due to his professional experience. To his shock, Christy learns that the kidnapper is Jessy's husband Georgekutty and recollects his past.

'''Past''': Christy arrived at [[Mumbai]] to work as a senior manager in a bank, where he decided to spend some time with Jessy and Georgekutty who were also in [[Mumbai]] at the time. Unbeknownst to them, Georgekutty was a pimp, womaniser and a gangster, who is also involved in narcotics and extortion. Christy happens to run into a cat and goose chase when Georgekutty was targeted by Andrews Bandara alias Karim Lala's men. Georgekutty gave a gun to Christy, with which he killed a few goons during the fight. Christy was imprisoned as the gun carried his fingerprints. When Jessy learns of this, she tries to inform Varghese, but Jessy is killed by Georgekutty. Georgekutty misleads the entire family into believing that Christy was the reason for Jessy's death. Since then, Varghese disowns Christy and considers Georgekutty as his elder son while Christy is released from prison by Andrews.

'''Present''': Christy goes to the building where Georgekutty has kept Meenakshi as hostage and rescues her. After a few hours, the cops learn that Georgekutty was murdered. After George Kutty is found murdered, Christy is arrested as the primary suspect by SP Joseph Vadakkan and City Commissioner Hariharan Thampi. During the investigation, Andrews Bandra appears and deceives the officers by posing as Christy's enemy, claiming that a gang-war is ongoing between them. He convinces the police that Christy should be released into his custody so he can end the war by killing him. Believing his story, the police implement strict security measures while escorting Christy to court. During the transfer, Andrews stages a fabricated gang-war attack, creating chaos and the illusion of a confrontation with the police, and uses the situation to cleverly rescue Christy.

Joseph marries Stella while Christy attends the marriage in secret. With Joseph's help, Christy helps Joji and Meenakshi get married. Later, Joseph tells Varghese about Christy's innocence in Georgekutty's and Jessy's death. They all return home and Christy reconciles with Varghese.

Soon, Joseph concludes that Joji is Georgekutty's murderer. Being questioned by Joseph, Joji reveals the truth. After Vinod and his friends burned his passport, he revealed everything to Georgekutty and seeks help from him to convince Meenakshi about the plan her father had made to separate them. But Georgekutty plays foul and bargained ransom with Meenakshi. Joji arrives at the place and learned this after he saw Georgekutty's conversation with Christy. When Joji confronted Georgekutty, he reveals his true face and Christy's innocence. Angrily, Joji kills Georgekutty with Christy's gun, as he ruined their family and killed Jessy. Christy believed that what he did was right and decided to take the blame to save Joji. Varghese overhears the conversation and becomes very emotional. At this time, Kumaran Thampi, along with his sons and goons barge into Palamattathu to steal the property deed from Varghese's locker and hurriedly leaves after fatally shooting Varghese. During the chaos, Thampi reveals the fate of Kochu Thoma, which is later told to Christy by a terribly wounded Varghese. At the hospital, the doctors administer ventilator support to Varghese, as his condition is critical. Enraged about Varghese's plight and the murder of his loving uncle, Christy and Joseph goes to take revenge on Kumaran Thampi. Meanwhile, a group of goons tries to kidnap Meenakshi and attack Joji. Andrews saves them and fights all the goons. They later go to help Christy and Joseph and the four of them together kill Kunnel Kumaran Thampi and his sons.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Mohanlal]] as Christy Varghese Mappila (Sherson)
* [[Suresh Gopi]] as [[Senior Superintendent of Police#India|SP]] Joseph Vadakkan [[Indian Police Service|IPS]], Christy's brother-in-law
* [[Dileep]] as Joji Varghese Mappila, Christy's younger brother and Joseph Vadakkan's brother-in-Law (extended cameo appearance)
* [[R. Sarathkumar]] as Andrews Bandra (Karim Lala), Christy's brother like friend (extended cameo appearance)
* [[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]] as [[Captain#Indian Army|Captain]] Palamattathu Varghese Mappilla, Ex-Indian Army officer and feudal lord. Christy's, Joji', Jessy's and Stella's father and Joseph's father-in-law
* [[Biju Menon]] as [[Senior Superintendent of Police#India|Commissioner]] Hariharan Thampi [[Indian Police Service|IPS]], Kunnel Kumaran Thampi's younger son
* [[Vijayaraghavan (actor)|Vijayaraghavan]] as Kunnel Kumaran Thampi
* [[Kanika Subramaniam|Kaniha]] as Stella Varghese Mappila, Christy's and Joji's younger sister and Joseph Vadakkan's wife
* [[Kavya Madhavan]] as Meenakshi, Joji's lover turned wife
* [[Jayan Cherthala]] as Rajan Thampi, Kunnel Kumaran Thampi's elder son
* [[Devan (actor)|Devan]] as Sudhakaran, [[Home Minister]] of [[Kerala]] and Meenakshi's father
* [[Anoop Chandran]] as Kunjachan, Varghese Mappila's assistant
* [[Salim Kumar]] as Purushothaman, Minister's personal assistant
* [[Suraj Venjaramood]] as Pappu, Master chef in minister's house
* [[Subair]] as Anil Thampi, Kumaran Thampi's son in law
* [[Anand (actor)|Anand]] as Ranjith, Christy's assistant
* Niyas Musliyar as Rocky, Christy's assistant
* Kiran Raj as Williams, Andrews's assistant
* [[Kunchan (actor)|Kunchan]] as Achuthan, Minister's driver
* [[Shobha Mohan]] as Viji, Sudhakaran's wife and Meenakshi's mother
* [[Sivaji Guruvayoor]] as [[Inspector General of Police#India|IG]] Chandradas [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
* [[Kalabhavan Shajon]] as [[Assistant sub-inspector of police|SI]] Damodaran
* [[Santhosh Jogi]] as [[Assistant sub-inspector of police|SI]] Johnson
* [[Jagannatha Varma]] as Bishop Alexander
* [[P. Sreekumar]] as Sathyanath [[Indian Administrative Service#Indian Frontier Administrative Service|IAS]], [[Home Secretary]] of [[Kerala]]
* [[Kollam Thulasi]] as Tahsildar
* [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Thomas Palamattathu (Kochu Thoma), Varghese Mappilla's younger brother
* [[Raai Laxmi]] as Sophie, Christy's love interest (cameo appearance)
* [[Babu Antony]] as [[Captain#Indian Army|Captain]] Rasheed Rahman, [[National Security Guard|NSG]] officer (cameo appearance)
* [[Lakshmi Gopalaswamy]] as Jessy Varghese Mappila, Christy's younger sister
* [[Suresh Krishna (actor)|Suresh Krishna]] as George Kutty, Jessy's husband who is a pimp
* [[Kaviyoor Ponnamma]] as Joseph's mother
* [[Harisree Ashokan]] as Krishnankutty, marriage broker
* [[Kazan Khan]] as Khan Bhai, Karim Lala's assistant
* [[Besant Ravi]] as Crane Murugan
}}

==Production==
===Development===
The film was announced as a big budget film but the Kerala Film Producers Association had set a norm that no [[Malayalam film]] should have a budget of more than {{INR}}3.5 crore. The association refused to give a clearance for the film's shoot. The producers stated that given the star-cast and the subject of the film, it is not possible to make it at a lesser budget. Following the interests from stars, exhibitors and theatre-owners, the film was given a clearance despite its budget, which was many times the restriction set by the association.<ref name="Controversy">{{cite web|url=http://www.screenindia.com/news/Christian-Brothers-runs-into-troubled-waters/542730/|title=Christian Brothers runs into troubled waters|work=[[Screen India]]|date=20 November 2009|access-date=4 March 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101108132935/http://www.screenindia.com/news/Christian-Brothers-runs-into-troubled-waters/542730|archive-date=8 November 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Tamil actor [[Arjun Sarja]] registered a complaint with [[Association of Malayalam Movie Artistes|Association of Malayalam Movie Artists]] (AMMA) about using his name and photographs in connection with the film without his consent or knowledge.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nowrunning.com/news/news.aspx?it=27434|title=Arjun to register a complaint against Christian Brothers|date=13 November 2009|publisher=Nowrunning.com|access-date=5 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816034810/http://www.nowrunning.com/news/news.aspx?it=27434|archive-date=16 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Arjun commented that no one has approached him to act in ''Christian Brothers'' and all this has happened without his consent or knowledge.<ref name="Controversy"/> However, the issue was resolved when there came an official clarification that Arjun was replaced by actor [[Sarathkumar]] in the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nowrunning.com/news/news.aspx?it=27135|title=Arjun no longer a part of Christian Brothers?|date=2 November 2009|publisher=Nowrunning.com|access-date=5 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816034817/http://www.nowrunning.com/news/news.aspx?it=27135|archive-date=16 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In February 2010, it was reported that the producers of ''Christian Brothers'' excluded actor [[Thilakan]] from the film at the request of the [[Film Employees Federation of Kerala]] (FEFKA), the predominant film technicians association. Thilakan had been earlier signed for the role played by [[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]] in the film.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/kerala/article101276.ece|title=Denied role in film, Thilakan to stage sit-in|date=5 February 2010|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=5 March 2011}}</ref> On 3 February 2010, Thilakan publicly protested against the unofficial ban enforced on him by FEFKA. The Association of Malayalam Movie Artists issued a show cause notice to Thilakan for bringing the issue into the public domain. Thilakan accused AMMA, of which he too is a member.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=341253&version=1&template_id=40&parent_id=22 |title=Actor Thilakan to stage sit-in over ban |date=5 February 2010 |newspaper=Gulf Times |access-date=5 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100314010728/http://www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=341253&version=1&template_id=40&parent_id=22 |archive-date=14 March 2010 }}</ref> Several political parties came out openly in support of Thilakan.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ptinews.com/news/527887_Thilakan-issue-spills-on-to-political-domain|title=Thilakan issue spills on to political domain|date=20 February 2010|publisher=[[Press Trust of India]]|access-date=5 March 2010}}</ref>

===Filming===
The film began production on 11 January 2010.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}} First schedule of the film occurred at various locales in [[Kerala]] from January through September 2010. Palamattam ''[[tharavadu]]'', where the major parts of the film is set was shot from Netto's bungalow near [[Edakochi]].<ref name="Production">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2010/04/23/stories/2010042351230200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629041824/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2010/04/23/stories/2010042351230200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 June 2011|title=All in the family|date=23 April 2010|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=4 March 2011}}</ref> The second schedule, which mainly included picturisation of a song, commenced in [[London]] the same month.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://entertainment.oneindia.in/malayalam/top-stories/2010/christian-brothers-mohanlal-140910.html|title=Christian Brothers shooting in London|date=16 September 2010|publisher=[[Oneindia.in]]|access-date=4 March 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208195627/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/malayalam/top-stories/2010/christian-brothers-mohanlal-140910.html|archive-date=8 December 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The [[principal photography]] was completed by the end of 2010.

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Christian Brothers
| type = soundtrack
| longtype = to Christian Brothers
| artist = [[Deepak Dev]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 11 March 2011
| recorded = 2011
| venue = [[Chennai]]
| studio = Kodandapani Studio
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature Film Soundtrack]]
| length = 18:31
| label = [[Satyam Audios]]
| producer = Deepak Dev
| prev_title = [[Tournament – Play & Replay]]
| prev_year = 2010
| next_title = [[Urumi]]
| next_year = 2011
| misc = {{External media|
| audio1 =
{{YouTube|mzSDAdstDqY|Audio Jukebox (Satyam Audios)}}
| audio2 =
{{YouTube|PIi4w_lfbBo|Video Song}}}}
{{Singles
| name = Christian Brothers
| type = soundtrack
| single1 = Karthaave Nee
| single1date = 11 March 2011
| single2 = Sayyaave
| single2date = 11 March 2011}}
}}

The soundtrack features four songs composed by [[Deepak Dev]] with lyrics by [[Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri]]. The songs managed to top the music charts in the initial weeks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-18/news-interviews/29144385_1_malayalam-film-starrer-suresh-gopi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922083533/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-18/news-interviews/29144385_1_malayalam-film-starrer-suresh-gopi|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 22, 2012|title=Can Mohanlal pull it off?|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=March 18, 2011|access-date=March 18, 2011}}</ref> The soundtrack album was released by [[Satyam Audios]].

{{Track listing
| headline = Christian Brothers: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 22:58

| title1 = Karthaave nee kalppichappol
| extra1 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| length1 = 4:58

| title2 = Sayyaave
| extra2 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Shweta Mohan]]
| length2 = 5:05

| title3 = Mizhikalil Naanam
| extra3 = Nikhil Mohan, [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], [[Rimi Tomy]]
| length3 = 4:31

| title4 = Karthaave
| note5 = Karaoke Version
| extra5 =
| length5 = 4:32
}}

==Controversies ==

'''<big>Complaint by [[Arjun Sarja|Arjun]]</big>'''

Tamil actor [[Arjun Sarja|Arjun]] registered a complaint with [[Association of Malayalam Movie Artistes]] (AMMA) about using his name and photographs in connection with the film without his consent or knowledge.<ref>{{cite news |date=13 November 2009 |title=Arjun to register a complaint against Christian Brothers |publisher=Nowrunning.com |url=http://nowrunning.com/news/news.aspx?it=27434 |url-status=dead |access-date=5 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816034810/http://www.nowrunning.com/news/news.aspx?it=27434 |archive-date=16 August 2011}}</ref> Arjun commented that no one has approached him to act in ''Christian Brothers'' and all this has happened without his consent or knowledge.<ref name="Controversy2">{{cite web |date=20 November 2009 |title=Christian Brothers runs into troubled waters |url=http://www.screenindia.com/news/Christian-Brothers-runs-into-troubled-waters/542730/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101108132935/http://www.screenindia.com/news/Christian-Brothers-runs-into-troubled-waters/542730 |archive-date=8 November 2010 |access-date=4 March 2011 |work=[[Screen India]] |df=dmy-all}}</ref> However, the issue was resolved when there came an official clarification that Arjun was replaced by another Tamil actor [[R. Sarathkumar|Sarathkumar]] in the film.

'''<big>Replacement of [[Thilakan]]</big>'''

In February 2010, it was reported that the producers of ''Christian Brothers'' excluded many actors from the film, including veteran actor [[Thilakan]] from the film at the request of the [[Film Employees Federation of Kerala]] (FEFKA), the predominant film technicians association. Thilakan had been earlier signed for the role played by [[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]] in the film.<ref>{{cite news |date=5 February 2010 |title=Denied role in film, Thilakan to stage sit-in |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/kerala/article101276.ece |access-date=5 March 2011}}</ref> On 3 February 2010, Thilakan publicly protested against the unofficial ban enforced on him by FEFKA. The Association of Malayalam Movie Artists issued a show cause notice to Thilakan for bringing the issue into the public domain. Thilakan accused AMMA, of which he too is a member.<ref>{{cite news |date=5 February 2010 |title=Actor Thilakan to stage sit-in over ban |newspaper=Gulf Times |url=http://www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=341253&version=1&template_id=40&parent_id=22 |url-status=dead |access-date=5 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100314010728/http://www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=341253&version=1&template_id=40&parent_id=22 |archive-date=14 March 2010}}</ref> Several political parties came out openly in support of Thilakan.<ref>{{cite news |date=20 February 2010 |title=Thilakan issue spills on to political domain |publisher=[[Press Trust of India]] |url=http://www.ptinews.com/news/527887_Thilakan-issue-spills-on-to-political-domain |access-date=5 March 2010}}</ref>

== Filming ==
with a total of 400 prints; 157 centres in [[Kerala]], 100 centres outside Kerala and 85 centres overseas, making it the largest release for a [[Malayalam film]] at that time.This film beat previous collection records.<ref>[http://www.sanscinema.com/2011/03/christian-brothers-releases-in-244-cinemas/ "Christian Brothers Releases In 244 Cinemas"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110324080236/http://www.sanscinema.com/2011/03/christian-brothers-releases-in-244-cinemas/ |date=24 March 2011 }}. SansCinema. Retrieved 19 March 2011.</ref> It was released in the United Kingdom, United States and Australia on 25 March 2011, in Gulf countries on 31 March 2011.

==Reception==
=== Box office ===
The film was made on a budget of {{INR Convert|9|c}}.<ref name="budget"/> ''Christian Brothers'' completed 100 days run at theatres.<ref>{{cite web|title=Christian brothers ends at 100 days|url=http://filmnews.bizhat.com/2011/06/02/christian-brothers-ends-at-70-days/|publisher=Bizhat.com|date=2 June 2011|access-date=15 August 2015|archive-date=27 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927022347/http://filmnews.bizhat.com/2011/06/02/christian-brothers-ends-at-70-days/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In two weeks, the film grossed {{INR Convert|11.35|c}} from [[Kerala]] box office with a distributors share of {{INR Convert|5.60|c}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Box Office- March 1 to 30|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=14966793&cid=14625530|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409171420/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=14966793&cid=14625530|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 April 2011|website=[[Sify]]|access-date=8 February 2017|date=5 April 2011}}</ref> It did good business in initial weeks grabbing a distributors share of {{INR Convert|8.5|c}} in 25 days.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala box office - March 31 to April 13.|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=14967836&|website=[[Sify]]|date=19 April 2011}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> ''Christian Brothers'' was the highest-grossing Malayalam film of the year.<ref name="BO">{{cite news|author=Manoj Nair|title=Malayalam movies: Non-linear narratives are making the box-office ring louder|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/business-of-bollywood/malayalam-movies-non-linear-narratives-are-making-the-box-office-ring-louder/articleshow/8478136.cms|work=[[India Times]]|agency=[[The Economic Times|Economic Times]]|date=21 May 2011}}</ref> Apart from the box office revenue, the film made {{INR Convert|5|c}} from satellite, overseas and outside Kerala distribution rights.<ref name="budget">{{cite news|title=Multistarrer era comes to Mollywood|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2011/jun/05/multistarrer-era-comes-to-mollywood-259784.html|access-date=29 October 2016|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=5 June 2011}}</ref>

===Critical response===
The film received positive reviews praising plot and the performances.<ref name="great">[http://malayalam.webdunia.com/entertainment/film/topmovies/1103/28/1110328018_1.htm Cristian Brothers No.1 | ആഗസ്റ്റ് 15 തകര്‍ന്നു, ക്രിസ്ത്യന്‍ ബ്രദേഴ്സ് വാഴുന്നു!]</ref> Neethu Reghukumar of ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' gave a positive review and said, "The much-anticipated ''Christian Brothers'' proved to be worth the wait. Finally fans have something to rejoice as he has made a rollicking start this year. Back in all elements, all steals the show, firing on all cylinders. However, at no stage the multi-starrer film does appear as a one-man show."<ref name="Review by BM">{{cite web|url=http://www.bangaloremirror.com/article/76/2011031820110318200043240e92002ad/All-guns-blazing-I-Christian-Brothers-I.html|title=All guns blazing! Christian Brothers|publisher=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=18 March 2011|access-date=22 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110321113529/http://www.bangaloremirror.com/article/76/2011031820110318200043240e92002ad/All-guns-blazing-I-Christian-Brothers-I.html|archive-date=21 March 2011|url-status = dead}}</ref>

M. Ashitha of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' commented, "True, too many cooks spoil the broth. Despite having the luxury of actors like Mohanlal, Suresh Gopi, Dileep and Sarath Kumar together in the movie, Christian Brothers turns out not to be a disappointment. The film, heavily depending on the star power, is a good entertainment."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/146993/many-stars-poor-show.html|title=Many stars, great show|newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=22 March 2011|access-date=22 March 2011}}</ref> Paresh C. Palicha of [[Rediff.com]] stated, "''Christian Brothers'' is a typical multi-starrer that is made with an eye at the box office with not much depth in the subject. But you still get entertained."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-christian-brothers/20110318.htm|title=Review: Christian Brothers is entertaining|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=18 March 2011|access-date=22 March 2011}}</ref>

[[Sify|Sify.com]]'s reviewer rated the film as a "Racy Entertainer" and stated, "''Christian Brothers'' is a loud and high voltage thriller, for which you don't have to use your brains much. It could have definitely been more enjoyable if it was shorter by some twenty minutes or so, but even in the current form it could make you smile as the end credits start rolling. It's absolutely a no logic-popcorn fun and perhaps not meant to be taken too seriously."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/christian-brothers-review-malayalam-14965505.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023190445/http://www.sify.com/movies/christian-brothers-review-malayalam-14965505.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 October 2013|title=Movie Review: Christian Brothers|website=[[Sify]]|date=18 March 2011|access-date=22 March 2011}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://web.archive.org/web/20100513042426/http://www.themoviechristianbrothers.com:80/}}
* {{IMDb title|1877589}}
* [https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt1877589 ''Christian Brothers''] at [[Box Office Mojo]]

{{Joshiy}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]
[[Category:Indian family films]]
[[Category:Films about Christianity]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kochi]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in London]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Kerala Police]]
[[Category:2011 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Joshiy]]

Chandrayaan-4

2026-05-01T14:09:31Z

DessieIqj504: New...

{{Short description|Indian lunar sample-return mission}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| image = File:Chandrayaan-4 Integrated Module, Computer-Aided Design (CAD) 2024.jpg
| image_caption = ''Chandrayaan-4 Integrated Module''' The [[Liquid apogee engine|LAM]] of transfer module seen on top and its [[Reentry capsule|re-entry cone]] is shown in golden brown. The ascender-lander-propulsion modules are seen beneath it in downward succession
| name = Chandrayaan-4
| mission_type = Lunar [[Sample-return mission|sample return]]
| operator = [[ISRO]]
| spacecraft_bus = Chandrayaan
| manufacturer = [[ISRO]]
| launch_mass = 9,200 kg (combined)<ref>https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/isro-to-get-two-new-launchpads-in-two-states-chandrayaan-4-getting-ready-2691114-2025-03-09</ref>
| launch_date = 2028 (planned)
| launch_rocket = 2 × [[LVM3|LVM3 SC]]
| launch_site = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]]
| launch_contractor = [[ISRO]]
| landing_date = 2028 (planned)
| landing_site =
| programme = [[Chandrayaan programme]]
| previous_mission = [[Chandrayaan-3]]
| next_mission = [[Lunar Polar Exploration Mission|LUPEX]] (Chandrayaan-5)
}}

'''Chandrayaan-4''' ({{audio|Chandrayaan.ogg|pronunciation}}; from [[Sanskrit]]: {{lang|sa|[[Chandra]]}}, "Moon" and {{lang|sa|yāna}}, "craft, vehicle") is an upcoming [[Moon|lunar]] [[Sample-return mission|sample return]] mission of [[ISRO]] underdevelopment now and the fourth iteration in its [[Chandrayaan programme]].<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /> As of January 2025, the conceptualisation phase has been completed, and the design phase is nearing completion.<ref name="The Indian Express-2025">{{Cite web |date=2025-01-23 |title=New ISRO chief interview: 'We will have 3 uncrewed missions (before humans can go to space), of which first may be this year' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/isro-chief-interview-dr-v-narayanan-space-missions-9794888/lite/ |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The mission is expected to launch around 2028.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Andrew |date=2024-05-14 |title=India plans Chandrayaan-4 moon sample return, will involve private sector |url=https://spacenews.com/india-plans-chandrayaan-4-moon-sample-return-will-involve-private-sector/ |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US}}</ref> It is planned to return up to {{cvt|3|kg}} of lunar regolith.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Chandrayaan-4 to bring back 2-3 kg moon samples - The Economic Times |url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/science/chandrayaan-4-to-bring-back-2-3-kg-moon-samples/articleshow/113868562.cms |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=m.economictimes.com}}</ref>

== Mission Objectives ==
The aim of the mission is to collect samples from the lunar surface and bring the samples safely to Earth for scientific studies. The objectives of this mission are<ref name=":0" />:
# To perform a safe and soft landing on the lunar surface.
# To demonstrate lunar sample collection and containerization.
# To demonstrate ascent from the Moon's surface.
# To demonstrate docking and undocking in lunar orbit.
# To demonstrate the transfer of samples from one module to another.
# To demonstrate return and re-entry to Earth for sample delivery.

== History ==

=== Conceptual Phase ===
The plan for a lunar sample return mission was revealed by the director of the [[Space Applications Centre|Space Application Centre]] (SAC), [[Nilesh M Desai]] on 17 November, 2023 during the 62nd foundation ceremony of the [[Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology]] (IITM) in [[Pune]].<ref name=":8">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nivAGxeDaSc |title=IITM Foundation Day 17th Nov 2023 |language=en |access-date=2024-07-09 |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> This was confirmed by [[S. Somanath]], the then chairman of ISRO, during the [[National Space Science Symposium]] held in [[Goa]] on 26 February 2024.<ref name=":0">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mDdrxlsEyck |title=National Space Science Symposium (NSSS) 2024 {{!}} GU {{!}} ISRO {{!}} Live {{!}} Prudent Network {{!}} 260224 |language=en |access-date=2024-07-09 |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> He said that the mission is extremely challenging as it incorporates multiple launches, [[Docking and berthing of spacecraft|docking]] capability and [[Robotic arm|robotic]] capability. He expressed the confidence buildup over the success of 'hop' operation of the lander and [[Trans-Earth injection|Earth return operation]] performed by the propulsion module of Chandrayaan-3.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandrayaan-3 - eoPortal |url=https://www.eoportal.org/satellite-missions/chandrayaan-3#chandrayaan-3experimentsandbeyond |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=www.eoportal.org |language=en}}</ref> After the launch of [[INSAT-3DS]], the chairman stated the insufficiency of the rocket capability leading to a 'novel design' for this mission and the secretary of the [[Department of Space]] (DoS) said that the mission incorporates 'high-end technology' and it is pending government approval for him to have a final word.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2024-02-18 |title=Isro 'internally' working on Chandrayaan-4, mission to be more 'complex' this time |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/technology/news/story/isro-internally-working-on-chandrayaan-4-mission-to-be-more-complex-this-time-417954-2024-02-18 |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-18 |title=ISRO holding discussions 'internally' on Chandrayaan-4 mission: Chairman |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/isro-discussions-chandrayaan-4-mission-chairman-9167396/ |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Somanath stated that the mission demands docking capability both in Earth and lunar orbits and the agency is planning to demonstrate this capability through [[SPADEX|Space Docking Experiment]] (SPADEX) which is slated for launch by year end.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-06-27 |title=Chandrayaan-4 parts to be sent in 2 launches, assembled in space: ISRO chief |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/chandrayaan-4-parts-to-be-sent-in-2-launches-assembled-in-space-isro-chief-9417421/ |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ray |first=Kalyan |title=First step for Chandrayaan-4 to be taken by year end: ISRO |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/first-step-for-chandrayaan-4-to-be-taken-by-year-end-isro-3082088 |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

On 20 August 2024, S. Somanath announced that the [[ISRO|Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO) had completed the design of both Chandrayaan-4 and [[LUPEX]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dutt |first=Anonna |date=2024-08-24 |title=ISRO: Chandrayaan-4 design final, samples from Moon by 2027 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/isro-chandrayaan-4-design-final-samples-from-moon-by-2027-9530162/ |access-date=2024-08-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2024-08-21 |title=Indian likely to fly to ISS by April next year under Nasa-Isro program |url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/indian-likely-to-fly-to-iss-by-april-next-year-under-nasa-isro-program-124082100747_1.html |website=Business Standard |language=en-IN}}</ref> and is now requesting approval from the government.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pillai |first=Soumya |date=2024-08-20 |title=Designs for Chandrayaan-4 & 5 ready, 1st 'Gaganyatri' flight by mid-2025, says ISRO chief Somanath |url=https://theprint.in/science/designs-for-chandrayaan-4-5-ready-1-gaganyatri-flight-by-mid-2025-says-isro-chief-somanath/2230760/ |access-date=2024-08-21 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

On 13 February 2025, the [[Ministry of Science and Technology (India)|Minister of Science and Technology]], [[Jitendra Singh Rana]], stated in the [[Rajya Sabha]] that Chandrayaan-4 will be a foundational mission that will validate key technologies needed for a crewed lunar landing in 2040.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sridhar |first=Vivan |date=16 February 2025 |title=Gaganyaan now in 2028: Trip to space will have to wait |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/gaganyaan-now-in-2028-trip-to-space-will-have-to-wait/articleshow/118284951.cms |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Bangalore Mirror |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Koshy |first=Jacob |date=2023-10-17 |title=PM Modi "directs" ISRO to land man on moon by 2040 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/pm-modi-directs-isro-to-land-man-on-moon-by-2040/article67431169.ece |access-date=2025-02-16 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> As of February 2025, ISRO is developing a number of subsystems, such as robotic arms for sample collection, specialized payloads, and a high-capacity propulsion system.<ref name=":11">{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Chethan |date=2025-02-19 |title=Chandrayaan-4 will have 5 modules, need multiple dockings; work on Lupex Marches on |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-4-will-have-5-modules-need-multiple-dockings-work-on-lupex-marches-on/articleshow/118367218.cms |access-date=2025-02-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> ISRO organised a research meet in April 2025 to deliberate on the scientific research that can be conducted with the lunar regolith within India.<ref name="The Indian Express-2025" />

==== Cabinet approval ====
On 18 September 2024, Chandrayaan-4 received approval from the [[Union Cabinet]], chaired by [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] for {{INRConvert|2104.06|c|lk=on|year=2024}} and is expected to be completed within 36 months.<ref>{{cite news |title=India goes to Moon again: This time to come back to Earth after landing on the Moon |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2055983 |access-date=18 September 2024 |agency=Union Cabinet, Government of India |publisher=Press Information Bureau |date=18 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Surendra |date=2024-09-18 |title=Cabinet approves Chandrayaan-4 mission, first module of Bharatiya Antariksh Station, Venus mission, next-gen launcher |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/cabinet-approves-chandrayaan-4-mission-first-module-of-bharatiya-antariksh-station-venus-mission-next-gen-launcher/articleshow/113461522.cms |access-date=2024-09-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The mission will have five modules that will be carried to space on two different launches. The mission is designed to land on the lunar surface, collect samples, store them in a vacuum-sealed container, and return them to Earth. The mission will also see docking and undocking — two spacecraft aligning and coming together in orbit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dutt |first=Anonna |date=2024-09-18 |title=Union Cabinet approves Venus mission, Indian space station among 4 key Isro projects |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/union-cabinet-approves-venus-mission-indian-space-station-isro-projects-9574515/ |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-18 |title=Chandrayaan-4, Venus mission get Cabinet nod; big fund boost for Gaganyaan |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/chandrayaan-4-isro-gets-cabinet-nod-to-go-to-moon-and-return-with-lunar-soil-rocks-2602026-2024-09-18 |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
== Spacecraft ==
The mission will be launched in two phases onboard two [[LVM3]] rockets developed by ISRO. The spacecraft will include five modules packed into two composites, which will be launched separately, using two separate [[LVM 3]] launch vehicles.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=2024-10-01 |title=Chandrayaan-4 mission will be assembled in space before it goes to Moon |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/chandrayaan-4-mission/story/chandrayaan-4-mission-isro-will-be-stacked-in-space-before-it-goes-to-moon-2609457-2024-10-01 |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> As an Individual LVM3 rocket has a payload capacity of only 8,000 kilograms,exceeding the combined fuel mass and size of the spacecraft. Hence the flight was optimised for a dual-launch strategy.<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |last=Kabir |first=Radifah |date=2026-04-11 |title=Chandrayaan-4: Why India's next Moon mission is changing rockets mid-way |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/chandrayaan-4-mission/story/chandrayaan-4-rocket-change-semi-cryogenic-engine-lvm3-launch-2027-lunar-sample-return-moon-mission-2894808-2026-04-11 |access-date=2026-04-11 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> The spacecraft elements include:

*'''Propulsion Module''' is similar to the propulsion module on Chandrayaan-3. It will ferry the combined modular spacecraft to the moon.<ref name=":2">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hd5L5cvDXB8 |title=Celebration of National Technology Day at Space Applications Centre |language=en |access-date=2024-07-10 |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-13 |title=Chandrayaan-4's landing site on the Moon revealed |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/chandrayaan-4-mission/story/chandrayaan-4-to-land-close-to-shiva-shakti-point-on-the-moon-2538432-2024-05-13 |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4" />
*'''Lander''' '''Module''' will land on the Moon with instrumentation. It supports the ascent stage along with the soil sampling instrumentation. It is designed to last 1 [[lunar day]] or 14 Earth days on the moon.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> The Lander module will be equipped with a scoop and a drill to obtain lunar samples.<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |last=Madanapalle |first=Aditya |date=2025-12-11 |title=ISRO’s Chandrayaan 4 to land closer to Lunar South Pole than Chandrayaan 3 |url=https://www.news9live.com/science/isros-chandrayaan-4-to-land-closer-to-lunar-south-pole-than-chandrayaan-3-2911185 |access-date=2026-05-01 |website=News9live |language=en-US}}</ref>
*'''Ascender''' '''Module''' will eject from the lander and launch from the Moon using the lander as a launch pad after the samples from the Moon are collected and stored. It will then enter low-lunar orbit.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />
*'''Transfer Module''' will collect the samples from the ascent stage, transfer them to the re-entry module, fire its engine to set both itself and the re-entry module towards Earth, release the payload and loop back around the Earth.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />
*'''Re-entry Module''' will hold the sample from lunar orbit. It is designed to survive [[Atmospheric entry|atmospheric re-entry]] and land with the [[Lunar soil|lunar regoliths]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />

The first launch is planned to carry the ascender module and descender module. The second launch would carry the transfer module, re-entry module, and propulsion module.<ref name=":10" />The final spacecraft will be assembled into an integrated module by docking in Earth orbit before proceeding to the Moon.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2024-06-27 |title=ISRO to launch Chandrayaan-4 in two parts, assemble modules in space while in orbit: Chief Somanath |url=https://www.firstpost.com/tech/isro-to-launch-chandrayaan-4-in-two-parts-assemble-modules-in-space-while-in-orbit-chief-somanath-13786627.html |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref> This will be done via Earth-orbit docking maneuvers.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":15" />

Once the spacecraft reaches lunar orbit, the lander/ascender stack will descent to the lunar surface. It is planned that after touchdown, a robotic arm, mounted on the Lander Module, will scoop about 2-3 kg of samples from around the landing site and transfer them to a container on the Ascent Module. In addition, a drilling mechanism will collect sub-surface samples and transfer them to another container in the Ascent Module. The Ascent module would lift-off just prior to the end of a lunar day for a lunar orbit rendezvous with the Transfer module, which will transfer the payload to a Re-entry module before departing from the moon and landing on earth.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":15" />

Apart from the propulsion module, the transfer module is also equipped with an onboard [[Liquid apogee engine|Liquid Apogee Motor]] (LAM) for return operation manoeuvres, including the [[trans-Earth injection]]. As per earlier reports, the lander module will have six [[throttleable]] landing thrusters capable of producing 800 [[Newton (unit)|newtons]] of thrust each, while the ascender module will have two lift off thrusters capable of producing 800 [[Newton (unit)|newtons]] of fixed thrust each.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Imgur |title=(Part-2) Advances in Propulsion Systems for Launch Vehicles, Satellites and Landing Missions |url=https://imgur.com/a/1I1499F |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=Imgur |language=en}}</ref> The integrated assembly of all modules after docking in Earth orbit is expected to weigh at least {{Convert|9200|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":11" />

== Landing site ==
The landing site was initially planned near to Station Shiv Shakti, the landing site of Chandrayaan-3 which is located between the [[Manzinus (crater)|Manzinus P]] and [[Boguslawsky (crater)|Boguslawsky M]] lunar craters near to the [[Lunar south pole|south pole]] region.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-13 |title=Chandrayaan-4's landing site on the Moon revealed |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/chandrayaan-4-mission/story/chandrayaan-4-to-land-close-to-shiva-shakti-point-on-the-moon-2538432-2024-05-13 |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-01 |title=Chandrayaan-3's Pragyan rover makes big discovery at Moon's Shiv Shakti Point |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/chandrayaan-3/story/chandrayaan-3-pragyan-rover-vikram-lander-isro-moon-rocks-soil-evolution-2560856-2024-07-01 |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> ISRO had conducted comprehensive study of this landing site region regarding morphology, hydration and gravity anomalies using data obtained from payloads of [[Chandrayaan-2]] orbiter, [[Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter]] (LRO), [[Lunar Prospector]] and [[GRAIL]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rajasekhar |first=R. P. |last2=Dagar |first2=Aditya K. |last3=Nagori |first3=Rohit |last4=Bhiravarasu |first4=Sriram Saran |last5=Ojha |first5=Satya P. |last6=Bhattacharya |first6=Satadru |date=2024-06-01 |title=Comprehensive analysis of Chandrayaan-3 landing site region focusing on morphology, hydration and gravity anomalies |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024Icar..41516074R |journal=Icarus |volume=415 |article-number=116074 |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2024.116074 |issn=0019-1035}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rajasekhar |first=R. P. |last2=Dagar |first2=Aditya K. |last3=Nagori |first3=Rohit |last4=Bhiravarasu |first4=Sriram Saran |last5=Ojha |first5=Satya P. |last6=Bhattacharya |first6=Satadru |date=2024-06-01 |title=Comprehensive analysis of Chandrayaan-3 landing site region focusing on morphology, hydration and gravity anomalies |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103524001349 |journal=Icarus |volume=415 |article-number=116074 |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2024.116074 |issn=0019-1035|url-access=subscription }}</ref> ISRO also evaluated landing the spacecraft at Chandrayaan-3's and Chandrayaan-2's alternate landing sites.<ref name=":16" />

It was proposed in 2026 to land the spacecraft in the Mountainous plains near [[Mons Mouton]] of the moon, based on data from the OHRC instrument on the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter and SIS datasets, located even closer to the lunar south pole.Five sites were evaluated of which four were selected, after it was discovered that one of them was in a shadowed region,impeding solar power generation. Of the other given sites, MM4 was suggested as the landing site.<ref name=":12">[https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2026/pdf/1198.pdf 1198.PDF]</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Science Desk |first=India Today |date=2026-02-07 |title=We finally know where Chandrayaan-4 will land on the Moon |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/chandrayaan-4-mission/story/chandrayaan-4-mission-launch-lupex-japan-isro-moon-landing-mons-muton-2864572-2026-02-07 |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2026-02-09 |title=ISRO identifies site for Chandrayaan-4 lander |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/isro-identifies-site-for-chandrayaan-4-lander/article70611017.ece |access-date=2026-02-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Researchers from [[IIT Kharagpur]] and [[Physical Research Laboratory|PRL]] surveyed the sites for [[iron]] and [[titanium]]-rich rocks known as ''ilmenite-bearing cumulates'' (IBC), about 4.3-4.4 billion years old that may have preserved records of the moon's early history. There is also potential for samples to have lunar water content within them.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tripathi |first=Sibu |date=2026-03-23 |title=IIT team uncovers 4.4-billion-year-old Moon mystery, set to boost Chandrayaan-4 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/iit-isro-prl-team-uncovers-44-billion-year-old-moon-mystery-set-to-boost-chandrayaan-4-2885751-2026-03-23 |access-date=2026-03-23 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> All the newly proposed sites are expected to be near Permenently Shadowed regions on the moon.<ref name=":16" />

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Comparision of survey data of the newly proposed landing sites for Chandrayaan-4
! Site !! Orbital Survey pass !! Date of pass !! Orbiter Orientation (Pitch,Yaw,Roll) !! Observation elevation !! Observation Azimuth !! Lattitude !! Longitude !! Hazard% !! Safe areas (24m x 24m grid) !! Mean Slope !! Height range !! Mean height
|-
| rowspan="2" | MM1 || 23366 || rowspan="2" | 18-11 2025 || 12.00, 0.00 ,-1.5 || 3.4 || 300.9 || rowspan="2" | -84.944 || rowspan="2" | 25.11 || rowspan="2" | 12.24 || rowspan="2" | 502 || rowspan="2" | 5.2° || rowspan="2" | 4477 – 4891 || rowspan="2" | 4857
|-
| 23367 || -11.90, 0.01, 3.2 || 4.5 || 306.3
|-
| rowspan="2" | MM3 || 23356 || rowspan="2" | 17-11 2025 || 14.50, 0.01, 9.9 || 3.5 || 300.2 || rowspan="2" | -84.745 || rowspan="2" | 29.297 || rowspan="2" | 12.23 || rowspan="2" | 126 || rowspan="2" | 6.3° || rowspan="2" | 5084 – 5322 || rowspan="2" | 5204
|-
| 23357 || -14.6, 0.01, 8.2 || 4.9 || 306.1
|-
| rowspan="2" | MM4 || 23353 || rowspan="2" | 17-11 2025 || 17.2, 0.02, 7.9 || 3.7 || 301.1 || rowspan="2" | -84.289 || rowspan="2" | 32.808 || rowspan="2" | 9.89 || rowspan="2" | 568 || rowspan="2" | 5.0° || rowspan="2" | 5274 – 5386 || rowspan="2" | 5334
|-
| 23354 || -17.1, 0.01, 6.3 || 5.2 || 307
|-
| rowspan="2" | MM5 || 23344 || rowspan="2" | 16-11 2025 || 19.4, 0.03, 16.3 || 3.4 || 301.5 || rowspan="2" | -84.641 || rowspan="2" | 36.17 || rowspan="2" | 12.75 || rowspan="2" | 72 || rowspan="2" | 5.38° || rowspan="2" | 6074– 6223 || rowspan="2" | 6162
|-
| 23345 || -19.8,0.03, 15.2 || 5.2 || 307.8
|}

Factors affecting landing site selection include<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":13" /><ref name=":14" />
* Slope less than or up to 10 degrees
* Boulders less than 0.32 meter
* Low Crater and boulder distribution in local topography
* Sunlit for at least 11-12 days.
* Local terrain features don’t shadow the site for long
* Distribution of safe grid of 24m x 24m inside 1km x 1 km landing area

== See also ==
{{Portal bar|India|Space|Science}}
* [[Chandrayaan programme]]
* [[List of missions to the Moon]]
* [[Lunar Polar Exploration Mission]]

=== Similar missions ===
* [[Chang'e 5]]
* [[Chang'e 6]]
* [[Luna 16]]
* [[Luna 20]]
* [[Luna 24]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian space programme}}
{{Moon spacecraft}}
{{Indian spacecraft}}
{{Solar System probes}}

[[Category:Proposed missions to the Moon]]
[[Category:Indian lunar exploration programme]]
[[Category:ISRO space probes]]
[[Category:2028 in spaceflight]]
[[Category:2028 in India]]
[[Category:Indian missions to the Moon]]

Chennai–Charlapalli Superfast Express

2026-04-30T22:44:57Z

DessieIqj504: Done...

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = MGR Chennai Central-Charlapalli Superfast Express
| image = HYB - MAS SF.jpg
| caption = Chennai Hyderabad Superfast near [[Moula Ali railway station|Moula Ali]] in 2014
| type = [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast Express]]
| locale = [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] & [[Telangana]]
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|1965|04|01}}
| last =
| operator = [[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = [[Chennai Central railway station|MGR Chennai Central]] (MAS)
| stops = 19
| end = [[Charlapalli railway station|Charlapalli]] (CHZ)
| distance = {{convert|694|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 12 hours
| frequency = Daily
| class = AC First Class, AC 2 Tier, AC 3 Tier, Sleeper Class, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering E-catering
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = No
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[ICF coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 12603 / 12604
| speed = {{convert|56|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.
}}

The 12603 / 12604 '''MGR Chennai Central-Charlapalli Superfast Express''' is a [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast Express]] in India which runs between [[Chennai Central railway station|Chennai Central]] and [[Charlapalli railway station|Charlapalli]]. It was introduced on 1 April 1965 between [[Chennai Central railway station|Chennai Central]] and [[Hyderabad Deccan railway station|Hyderabad]]. This train is named after the [[Hyderabad]] city. From 2025 The train terminal shifted from [[Hyderabad Deccan railway station|Hyderabad]] to [[Charlapalli railway station|Charlapalli]] and being operated as Chennai Charlapalli SF express. The [[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railway (SR)]] of the [[Indian Railways]] administers this train & the train shares its rakes with 22649/22650 [[Yercaud Express]]. The old numbers of this train were 7053/54, when the train was under [[South Central Railway]].

==Numbering==
Train number 12603 runs from [[Chennai Central railway station|Chennai Central]] to [[Charlapalli railway station|Charlapalli]] while 12604 runs from [[Charlapalli railway station|Charlapalli]] to [[Chennai Central railway station|Chennai Central]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=telang |first=Kamlesh |title=12603/MGR Chennai Central - Hyderabad SF Express (PT) - MGR Chennai to Secunderabad SR/Southern Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://st.indiarailinfo.com/kjfdsuiemjvcya22/0/3/2/6/5971326/0/img20240216wa0015121962.jpg|access-date=2024-02-16 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>

==Route==
The 12603 leaves Chennai Central at 16:45 hours and reaches Charlapalli at 05:10 hours the following day. Similarly the 12604 starts from Charlapalli at 17:25 hours and reaches Chennai Central at 05:40 hours the following day. The train runs via [[Sullurpeta]], [[Naidupeta]], [[Gudur]], [[Nellore]], [[Kavali]], [[Singarayakonda]], [[Ongole]], [[Chirala]], [[Bapatla]], [[Nidubrolu]], [[Tenali]], [[Guntur]], [[Sattenapalle]], [[Piduguralla]], [[Nadikudi railway station|Nadikudi Jn]], [[Miryalaguda railway station|Miryalaguda]] and [[Nalgonda railway station|Nallagonda]]

Route Disruption due to SCR Track Works. (2nd week of August 2025 onwards)
(You need to double-check/verify this info yourself) Due to the construction of the North-South Commuter Railway Extension Project (NSCR-Ex) in Chennai. Train 12603, Diverted via Tenali - Duggirala - Vijayawada - Kazipet - Pagidipalli, Stoppages eliminated [[Guntur]], [[Sattenapalle]], [[Piduguralla]], [[Nadikudi railway station|Nadikudi Jn]], [[Miryalaguda railway station|Miryalaguda]] and [[Nalgonda railway station|Nallagonda]]. J.C.O from 17-08-2025 to 19-08-2025—Sat Jul 26, 2025 (01:44AM). The original line is expected to be reopened after the NSCR-Ex project is finished, and the train may return to its former route at that time. No changes with Train number 12604.

==Loco==
The train is generally hauled by [[Indian locomotive class WAP-4|WAP-4]] or [[Indian locomotive class WAP-7|WAP 7]] from Hyderabad to Chennai Central.

==Classes==
The 23-coach composition contains– 1 AC First Class, 2 Two-tier AC, 3 Three-tier AC, 11 Sleeper class, 4 General, 2 SLR

==See also==
* [[Andhra Pradesh Express]]
* [[Visakhapatnam Swarna Jayanti Express]]
* [[Padmavati Express]]
* [[Rudrama Devi]]
* [[Bahubali]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*http://indiarailinfo.com/train/hyderabad-chennai-central-sf-express-12604-hyb-to-mas/315/834/35
*http://indiarailinfo.com/train/chennai-central-hyderabad-sf-express-12603-mas-to-hyb/314/35/834

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chennai Central - Hyderabad SF Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Chennai]]
[[Category:Transport in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Telangana]]
[[Category:Superfast Express trains]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 1965]]

Bhagwan Das Varma

2026-04-30T03:07:34Z

DessieIqj504: Made new entry...

{{Short description|Indian film producer, distributor and director}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Bhagwan Das Varma
| image = Bhagwan Das Varma.jpg
| caption = Bhagwan Das Varma in the 1950s
| birth_date = 1907
| birth_place = [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] of [[British India]].
| death_date = 1962 (aged 55)
| death_place = [[Bombay]], India
| spouse = {{ublist|{{marriage|Tarawanti|1935}}|{{marriage|[[Purnima (Hindi actress)|Purnima]]|1954}}}}
| occupation = {{hlist|producer|distributor|director}}
}}

'''Bhagwan Das Varma''' (1907-1962) was a Bollywood film producer and director. He was one of six brothers that were founders/partners of [[Varma Films]], a company predominantly involved with the production and distribution of Hindi language films. After the Varma Films banner was retired in the mid-1950s, Bhagwan Das continued his film production and distribution activities with two affiliated companies: Varma Pictures and V. P. Productions.

During his 11-year career span, starting from its inception with the release of the film [[Suhaag Raat (1948 film)|Suhaag Raat]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/suhag-raat/cast/ |title=Suhaag Raat (1948) |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=January 1948 | access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref> in 1948, to the release of his last film, [[Main Nashe Mein Hoon]]<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/main-nashe-mein-hoon/cast/|title= Main Nashe Mein Hoon (1959) |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date= January 1959 | access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref> in 1959, Bhagwas Das Varma directed 3 films: [[Aurat (1953 film)|Aurat (1953)]],<ref>{{cite web|title= Aurat (1953) Cast - Actor, Actress, Director, Producer, Music Director | url= https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/aurat-1995/cast-crew | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210721221805/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/aurat-1995/cast-crew | url-status= live | archive-date= 21 July 2021 |publisher=Cinestaan|access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref> [[Pooja (1954 film)|Pooja (1954)]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/pooja-2/cast/ |title=Pooja (1954) |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=January 1954 | access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref> and [[Baghi Sipahi (1958 film)|Baghi Sipahi (1958)]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/baghi-sipahi/cast/ |title=Baghi Sipahi (1958) |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=January 1958 | access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref> A sample of the careers of 3129 movie directors shows that about 63% directors made only one movie, and only about 7% directors made 3 or more movies.<ref>{{cite book | chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1108/S0573-8555(2003)0000260004 |publisher= Emerald Group Publishing Limited|last1=De Vany |first1=Arthur|title= Economics of Art and Culture Invited Papers at the 12th International Conference of the Association of Cultural Economics International |chapter= Motion Picture Directors: Luck, Talent and Rewards |series= Contributions to Economic Analysis | date=2003|volume= 260 | pages=2–17|doi= 10.1108/S0573-8555(2003)0000260004 |isbn= 978-0-44450-995-6 }}</ref> A more recent but smaller sample of the careers of 193 movie directors shows that about 34% directors make only one movie and only about 14% made 3 or more movies.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0929119914001369 |title= Managerial Ability and Success: Evidence from the Career Paths of Film Directors | journal = Journal of Corporate Finance|publisher= Elsevier|last1=John |first1=Kose |last2=Ravid |first2= S. Abraham| last3=Sunder |first3=Jayanthi| date=2017|volume= 44 | pages=425–439|doi= 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2014.11.001 |issn= 0929-1199|url-access=subscription }}</ref> With Bhagwan Das’s career including 3 movies as a director, the above comparison benchmarks are indicators of the notability of Bhagwan Das arising from his prolific directional proclivity.

==Family==
Bhagwan Das Varma was born as Bhagwan Das Chawla in the [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] of [[British India]]. He was one of six sons born to Laxmidas and Hakumdai Chawla. The other five brothers were Ramrakha, Munshiram, Biharilal, Waltiram and Santram. After moving to [[Bombay]] in the late 1940s to enter the movie industry, the six brothers changed their last name to Varma, and debuted with the release of their first film, [[Suhaag Raat (1948 film)|Suhaag Raat]] (1948),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/suhag-raat/cast/ |title=Suhaag Raat (1948) |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=January 1948 | access-date=26 July 2023}}</ref> distributed under the banner of [[Varma Films]].<ref name="Varma">{{cite journal|title=Pictures In Making-Varma Films|journal=Filmindia|date=November 1948|volume=14|issue=11|pages=84|url=https://archive.org/stream/filmindia194612unse#page/n387/mode/2up/search/Varma|accessdate=26 July 2023}}</ref>

In 1954, Bhagwan Das married actress [[Purnima (Hindi actress)|Purnima]], who had worked in a majority of the films produced by Varma Films; it was Purnima’s second marriage.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.cinemaazi.com/feature/dil-se-bhula-do-tum-hamein-poornima|title= 'Dil Se Bhula Do Tum Hamein'-Poornima | publisher = Indian Cinema Heritage Foundation| first=Shishir Krishna|last=Sharma| date= 25 March 2020|access-date=13 June 2021}}</ref>

Involvement in the Indian film industry was pursued by Bhagwan Das and Purnima as well as members of their immediate family. Jagdish Varma, son of Bhagwan Das from his previous marriage, started a new production and distribution company called J.V. Film Enterprises<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indianfilmhistory.com/production-house-details/j-v-films-corporation|title=J.V. Films Corporation|website=Indian Film History| access-date=26 July 2023}}</ref> associated with two films: [[Insaaniyat]] (1974)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indianfilmhistory.com/movie/insaaniyat|title=Insaaniyat|website=Indian Film History| access-date=26 July 2023}}</ref> and [[Oonch Neech Beech]] (1989).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indianfilmhistory.com/movie/oonch-neech-beech|title=Oonch Neech Beech|website=Indian Film History| access-date=26 July 2023}}</ref> Jagdish and his brother Satpal Varma were the producers of ''Insaaniyat'' <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/insaaniyat-2/cast/|title=Insaaniyat|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=January 1974 | access-date=26 July 2023}}</ref> whereas Jagdish was the producer of ''Oonch Neech Beech'' and Satpal the co-producer.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/oonch-neech-beech/cast/|title=Oonch Neech Beech|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=28 July 1989 | access-date=26 July 2023}}</ref>

Purnima Das Varma’s son from her first marriage, Anwar Hashmi, worked as a character actor in [[Baharon Ki Manzil (1968 film)|Baharon Ki Manzil]] (1968).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/My-wife-and-my-audience-both-took-time-to-understand-me-Emraan-Hashmi/articleshow/20603710.cms|title=My wife and my audience, both took time to understand me: Emraan Hashmi – Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=16 June 2013 |access-date=4 July 2021|archive-date=16 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816131529/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/My-wife-and-my-audience-both-took-time-to-understand-me-Emraan-Hashmi/articleshow/20603710.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

Particularly prominent among the descendants of Bhagwan Das is [[Emraan Hashmi]], a film actor. He is the grandson of Purnima Das Varma; Purnima’s son from her first marriage, Anwar Hashmi, is Emraan’s father making Bhagwandas Varma step grandfather of Emraan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/happy-birthday-emraan-hashmi-did-you-know-his-grandmom-was-a-big-film-star-in-1950s-101616520444619.html|title= Happy Birthday Emraan Hashmi: Did you know his grand mom was a big film star in 1950s |date=24 March 2021 |publisher=Hindustan Times |access-date= 3 July 2021}}</ref>

==Film career==
Bhagwan Das Varma began his film career as one of the founders/partners of [[Varma Films]], a company that produced and distributed Indian films. The company started its distribution house with the film [[Suhaag Raat (1948 film)|Suhaag Raat]] (1948)<ref>{{cite journal|title=Sohag Raat|journal=Filmindia|date=May 1948|volume=14|issue=5|pages=71|url=https://archive.org/stream/filmindia194612unse#page/n387/mode/2up/search/Sohag+Raat|accessdate=22 May 2021}}</ref> and its production house the next year with the film [[Patanga (1949 film)|Patanga]] (1949).<ref>{{cite journal|title=Patanga|journal=Filmindia|date=May 1949|volume=15|issue=5|pages=312| url=https://archive.org/details/filmindia194915unse/page/n312/mode/2up?view=theater&q=patanga|accessdate=22 May 2021}}</ref> Both films were commercial successes. ''Suhaag Raat'' was the seventh highest-grossing film of 1948<ref>{{cite web|title=Top Earners 1948|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=153&catName=MTk0OA==|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=1 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012171051/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=153&catName=MTk0OA%3D%3D|archive-date=12 October 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and ''Patanga'' was the seventh highest-grossing film of 1949.<ref>{{cite web|title=Top Earners 1949|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=154&catName=MTk0OQ==|publisher=Box Office India|access-date= 1 July 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016234445/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=154&catName=MTk0OQ==|archivedate=16 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

In the next several years that followed these box-office hits, Bhagwan Das and his brothers produced and/or distributed the following films: [[Thes (1949 film)|Thes]] (1949), [[Neki Aur Badi (1949 film)|Neki Aur Badi]] (1949), [[Sagai (1951 film)|Sagai]] (1951), [[Baadal (1951 film)|Badal]] (1951), [[Parbat (film)|Parbat]] (1952), [[Aurat (1953 film)|Aurat]] (1953), [[Ladla]] (1954) and [[Pooja (1954 film)|Pooja]] (1954). After the Varma Films banner was retired in the mid-1950s, Bhagwan Das together with his surviving brothers continued his film production and distribution activities with affiliated companies. V P Productions was associated with [[Baghi Sipahi (1958 film)|Baghi Sipahi]] (1958), and Varma Pictures with Night Club (1958) and [[Main Nashe Mein Hoon]] (1959).

In addition to playing the above roles with Varma Films and affiliated companies, Bhagwan Das made his debut as a producer with ''Badal'' in 1951. Like ''Sohaag Raat'' and ''Patanga'', ''Badal'' was a commercial success. ''Badal'' was the eighth highest-grossing film of 1951.<ref>{{cite web| title=Top Earners 1951|
url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=156&catName=MTk1MQ==| publisher=Box Office India| access-date= 1 July 2021|
archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030033107/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=156&catName=MTk1MQ==|archive-date=30 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ''Badal'' was motivated by the 1938 American film [[The Adventures of Robin Hood]]. In the Indianized version of the Robin Hood legend, a [[Jagirdar]]’s henchmen loot poor villagers until Badal (played by [[Premnath]]) steals from the oppressor and helps the repressed while getting into a romantic relationship with the tyrant’s daughter Ratna (played by [[Madhubala]]).<ref>{{cite book|last=Rajadhyaksha|first=Ashish|title=Encyclopedia of Indian cinema|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=1994|isbn=9780195635799|location=|page=84}}</ref> The film received mixed reviews<ref>{{Cite book |last=Akbar |first=Khatija |title=Madhubala: Her Life, Her Films |title-link=Madhubala: Her Life, Her Films |year=1997 |publisher=[[Hay House]] |isbn=978-93-80480-81-7|pages=111–112 }}</ref> with the performance of Premnath, the lead actor in ''Badal'', being described as being a little too loud whereas Madhubala generally being praised for her performance as the Jagirdar’s daughter. [[Mohan Deep]], in his unofficial biography about Madhubala, describes the romantic relationship that developed during the filming of ''Badal'' that may have helped in the commercial success of the film.<ref>{{cite book |last=Deep |first=Mohan |title=The Mystery and Mystique of Madhubala |publisher=Magna Publishing Co. Ltd |year=1996 |isbn=1906574219 |pages= 52–59}}</ref>

Furthermore, Bhagwan Das made his debut as a director in 1953 with the film ''Aurat''. The film’s plot was a re-working of the Biblical tale of [[Samson]] and [[Delilah]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Liddle|first1=Madhulika|author1-link=Madhulika Liddle|date=22 July 2009|title=Aurat (1953)|url=https://madhulikaliddle.com/2009/07/22/aurat-1953/|website=Dustedoff|language=en}}</ref> ''Aurat'' was released shortly after the release of the American film [[Samson and Delilah (1949 film)|Samson and Delilah]], a commercially successful film directed by [[Cecil B. DeMille]] with a box-office revenue of $25.6 million<ref>{{cite book|last=Block|first=Alex Ben|title=George Lucas's Blockbusting: A Decade-by-Decade Survey of Timeless Movies Including Untold Secrets of Their Financial and Cultural Success|year=2010|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=9780061963452|page=323}}</ref> and a budget of only 3.1 million.<ref>{{cite book |last=Birchard |first=Robert |title=Cecil B. DeMille's Hollywood |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |year=2009 |isbn=9780813138299|page=334}}</ref> Unlike its American version, ''Aurat'' was not successful at the box office.<ref name="Aurat4">{{cite web|last=Tuli|first=A.C.|date=28 October 2001|title=Spouses don't click as screen lovers|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20011028/spectrum/main8.htm|access-date=20 July 2021|publisher=[[Tribune India]]|archive-date=20 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160520004716/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20011028/spectrum/main8.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Aurat'' also marked the first time Purnima worked in an important role under the direction of Bhagwan Das.

''Pooja'' was Bhagwan Das’s second film as director and his only film for which he wrote the screenplay. Purnima was cast as the main female lead in the film. It was the first film in which Purnima, who had previously worked in character roles for various movies for Varma Films, worked as the leading actress playing the role of a child widow. The film revolved around the controversial issue of remarriage of Indian women in general and, more specifically, remarriage by widows.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323691687| title=Widow Remarriage in India | first=Radhika|last=Kapur|date=2018|access-date=13 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| title=Problems of Widow Remarriage in India | journal = Journal of Business Management & Social Sciences Research 2(2)| first=Varun|last=Malik|date=2013|pages=23–31| s2cid=160553811 }}</ref> Portrayals of widows in the Indian Cinema have been documented by various scholars.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://ifp.ujk.edu.pl/studia_filologiczne/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Portrayal-of-Women-in-the-Popular-Indian-Cinema.pdf|title=Portrayal of Women in the Popular Indian Cinema|journal=Artykuły i rozprawy|last=Rehman|first=Sharaf|date=2017|pages=157–173|access-date=14 October 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026232325/https://ifp.ujk.edu.pl/studia_filologiczne/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Portrayal-of-Women-in-the-Popular-Indian-Cinema.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Bajwa|first=Seva Singh|title= Facets of Indian Cinema |publisher=K. K. Publications|year=2018|isbn=978-8178443188|pages=33–38}}</ref> "Young or old," as has been noted, a widow "will be dressed in white. She will wear no makeup or jewelry. She is treated as a cursed person responsible for her husband’s death. She has no right to any happiness and will never be allowed to remarry."<ref>Rehman(2017), p. 164</ref> Portrayals of widow remarriages in the Indian cinema during the 1950s were rare, making the film a daring depiction of the romantic pursuit of a widow by the male lead.

The last film to be directed by Bhagwan Das was ''Baghi Sipahi''. The film was loosely based on the 1951 American film [[Quo Vadis (1951 film)|''Quo Vadis'']], which in turn was adapted from the 1896 book with the same title by [[Henryk Sienkiewicz]]. ''Quo Vadis'' was commercially very successful. It was on the [[List of highest-grossing films|highest grossing film]] of 1951, with a box-office revenue of $21.2 million<ref>{{cite book|last=Lev|first=Peter|title= Transforming the Screen, 1950–1959. Vol. 7 of History of the American Cinema|publisher=University of California Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-520-24966-0|page=15}}</ref> and a budget of only $7.6.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hall|first1=Sheldon|last2=Neale|first2=Steve|title=Epics, Spectacles, and Blockbusters: A Hollywood History|date=2010|publisher=Wayne State University Press|isbn=978-0-8143-3008-1|page=137}}</ref> Given the low budget of ''Baghi Sipahi'', despite being a [[historical drama film]] and the well-documented relationship between box-office revenues and budgets in academic studies,<ref>{{cite journal |title= Motion Picture Performance: A Review and Research Agenda | journal = International Journal of Management Reviews |publisher= John Wiley & Sons Limited|last1= Allègre |first1=Hadida L. | date=2009|volume= 11 |issue= 3 | pages=297–335|doi= 10.1111/j.1468-2370.2008.00240.x |s2cid= 146556034 |issn= 1468-2370|doi-access= free }}</ref> ''Baghi Sipahi'' was not commercially successful. In addition to directing ''Baghi Sipahi'', Bhagwan Das also produced this film. Once again Purnima, who was by this time married to Bhagwan Das, played an important role in the film. What made this last directional endeavor of Bhagwan Das notable was that this was the first time he was directing [[Madhubala]], who was playing the lead female role in the film. Madhubala has been designated one of the greats in [[Indian cinema|Indian cinematic history]], and her status has withstood the test of time in the decades following her death.<ref name="m3">{{Cite news|title=Remembering Madhubala, the 'Marilyn Monroe of Bollywood'|work=[[India Today]]|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/madhubala-310060-2016-02-23|url-status=live|access-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426100644/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/madhubala-310060-2016-02-23|archive-date=26 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="mill">{{Cite web|last=Mohamed|first=Khalid|date=2017-12-16|title=Here's Why Madhubala Has a Huge Millennial Fan Following|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/flashback/madhubala-fan-following-among-millennials|access-date=11 November 2021|website=[[The Quint]]|language=en}}</ref> In 1958 alone, the year in which ''Baghi Sipahi'' was released, Madhubla was the lead actress in four films ([[Phagun (1958 film)|Phagun]], [[Kala Pani (1958 film)|Kala Pani]], [[Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi]] and [[Howrah Bridge (1958 film)|Howrah Bridge]]) that were all on the list of the ten highest grossing films of the year 1958.<ref>{{cite web|author=Box Office India|title=Top Earners 1958|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=164&catName=MTk1OA==|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030041245/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=164&catName=MTk1OA==|archive-date=30 October 2013|access-date=11 November 2021|publisher=boxofficeindia.com|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Although not on this list of highest grossing films, ''Baghi Sipahi'' is considered one of the most "memorable films" of Madhubala.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Madhubala {{!}} Upperstall.Com|url=http://old.upperstall.com/people/madhubala|access-date=11 November 2021|website=old.upperstall.com|archive-date=20 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120221205/http://old.upperstall.com/people/madhubala|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{|border="1" cellpadding="5"
!Year||Film|| Role
|-
|1959||''[[Main Nashe Mein Hoon]]''|| As Partner/Founder of Varma Pictures
|-
|1958||''Night Club''|| As Partner/Founder of Varma Pictures
|-
|1958||'' [[Baghi Sipahi (1958 film)|Baghi Sipahi]]''|| As Producer & Director and also as Partner/Founder of V.P. Productions
|-
|1954||''[[Pooja (1954 film)|Pooja]]''|| As Director and also as Partner/Founder of Varma Films
|-
|1954||''[[Ladla (1954 film)|Ladla]]''|| As Partner/Founder of Varma Films
|-
|1953||''[[Aurat (1953 film)|Aurat]]'' || As Director and also as Partner/Founder of Varma Films
|-
|1952||''[[Parbat (1952 film)|Parbat]]''|| As Partner/Founder of Varma Films
|-
|1951||''[[Baadal (1951 film)|Badal]]'' || As Producer and as Partner/Founder of Varma Films
|-
|1951||''[[Sagai (1951 film)|Sagai]]'' || As Partner/Founder of Varma Films
|-
|1949||''[[Patanga (1949 film)|Patanga]]'' || As Partner/Founder of Varma Films
|-
|1949||''[[Neki Aur Badi (1949 film)|Neki Aur Badi]]'' || As Partner/Founder of Varma Films
|-
|1949||''[[Thes (1949 film)|Thes]]'' || As Partner/Founder of Varma Films
|-
|1948||''[[Suhaag Raat (1948 film)|Suhaag Raat]]'' || As Partner/Founder of Varma Films
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|nm0201875|Bhagwan Das Varma}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Varma, Bhagwan Das}}
[[Category:1907 births]]
[[Category:1962 deaths]]
[[Category:Hindi film producers]]
[[Category:Film producers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]
[[Category:Film directors from Mumbai]]

Memari Assembly constituency

2026-04-29T13:05:43Z

DessieIqj504: put up a post

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Memari
| type= SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Memari.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Memari Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Madhusudan Bhattacharya]]
| party = [[All India Trinamool Congress]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Bardhaman]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bardhaman Purba Lok Sabha constituency|Bardhaman Purba]]
| constituency_no = 265
| established = 1962
| electors = 203,280
| reservation = None
}}
'''Memari''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Purba Bardhaman district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the Delimitation Commission, No. 265 Memari assembly constituency covers [[Memari]] municipality, [[Memari I (community development block)|Memari I]] community development block, and Kuchut, Satgachhia II [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Memari II (community development block)|Memari II]] community development block.<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web|url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |title=Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 |access-date=2010-08-21 |publisher=Government of West Bengal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813092204/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |archive-date=2011-08-13 }}</ref>

Memari assembly segment was earlier part of [[Burdwan (Lok Sabha constituency)]]. As per orders of Delimitation Commission it is part of No. 38 [[Bardhaman Purba (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name =delimitation/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Name
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Suchand Soren
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|P. Bishayee
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Benoy Krishna Konar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Naba Kumar Chatterjee
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Benoy Krishna Konar
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=7|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Maharani Konar]]
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|rowspan="2"|Tapas Chattopadhyay
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|Sandhya Bhattacharya
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|[[Abul Hasem Mondal]]
|{{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|[[Nargis Begum]]
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|[[Madhusudan Bhattacharya]]
|}

==Election results==
===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Memari}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate= Rash Bihari Halder|party=Trinamool Congress|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate= Manab Guha|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate= Krishanu Bhadra|party=Left Front (West Bengal)|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Prabir Ganguli|party=Indian National Congress|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Basirujjaman Kayal|party=Janata Unnayan Party|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Basanti Bag (Majhi)|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Bikash Chandra Das|party=Independent|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Memari<ref name=vidhansabha2021>{{cite web | url = https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/memari-west-bengal-election-result-2021 | title = Memari Election Result 2021 | publisher = Times Now News.com |access-date =18 May 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=Madhusudan Bhattacharya|votes=104,851|percentage=47.92|change={{increase}}1.57}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate= Bhismadeb Bhattacharya|votes=81,773|percentage=37.37|change={{increase}}29.89}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party= Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Sanat Banerjee|votes=25,618|percentage= 11.71|change={{decrease}}30.28}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party= Bahujan Samaj Party||candidate=Kalpana Mondal |votes=2,121|percentage=0.97|change={{decrease}}0.17}}
{{Election box candidate||party= BMUP||candidate=Tarun Kanti Dhali|votes=1,737|percentage=0.79|change=}}
{{Election box candidate||party= Independent||candidate=Manab Banerjee |votes=1,029|percentage=0.47|change=}}
{{Election box candidate||party=NOTA|candidate=None of the above|votes=1,673|percentage=0.76|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes= 218,802|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2016]]: Memari constituency<ref name=1vidhansabha2016>{{cite web | url = https://resultuniversity.com/election/memari-west-bengal-assembly-constituency| title= Memari| work= 2016 Legislative Assembly Election| publisher = Result University |access-date =18 May 2021}}</ref><ref name=2vidhansabha2016>{{cite web | url =http://infoelections.com/infoelection/electionresult/index.php/home/state-assembly-constituency/west-bengal-election-result/887-Memariassembly_election_result_2016.html | title= Memari| work= Assembly Election Result 2016 Live| publisher = InfoElections |access-date =18 May 2021}}</ref> }}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Nargis Begum]]
|votes = 94,406
|percentage = 46.35
|change = -1.91
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Debashis Ghosh
|votes = 85,523
|percentage = 41.99
|change = -4.53
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Bhismadeb Bhattacharya
|votes = 15,231
|percentage = 7.48
|change = +5.78
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Srabanti Majumder
|votes = 2,344
|percentage = 1.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Dinesh Sikdar
|votes = 2,325
|percentage = 1.14
|change = +0.6
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above |candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 2,287
|percentage = 1.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jharkhand Disom Party
|candidate = Budo Murmu
|votes = 1,558
|percentage = 0.76
|change = -0.29
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 203,674
|percentage = 87.31
|change = -3.53
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Memari<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25265.htm|title = Memari |work = Assembly Elections May 2011 Results| publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=265| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120529223603/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=265| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 29 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Memari| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 2011-05-10 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_4th_phase.pdf |title=West Bengal Assembly Election 2013 |work=Memari |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2013-05-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912030612/http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_4th_phase.pdf |archive-date=2011-09-12 }}</ref> }}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Abul Hasem Mondal]]
|votes = 89,083
|percentage = 48.24
|change = +12.89#
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Debashis Ghosh
|votes = 85,905
|percentage = 46.52
|change = -14.11
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Biswajit Poddar
|votes = 3,138
|percentage = 1.70
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
|candidate = Ananda Mohan Biswas
|votes = 2,036
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jharkhand Disom Party
|candidate = Sukumar Saren
|votes = 1,936
|percentage = 1.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = People's Democratic Conference of India
|candidate = Radharani Murmu
|votes = 1,578
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Mukul Biswas
|votes = 989
|percentage = 0.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 184,665
|percentage = 90.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing = +27.00#
}}
{{Election box end}}
.# Swing calculated on Congress+Trinamool Congress vote percentages taken together in 2006.

===1977-2006===
Sandhya Bhattacharya of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] won the Memari assembly seat defeating her nearest rival Sk. Mohammad Ismile of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]] in the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006 assembly elections]]. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. In 2001 and 1996, Tapas Chattopadhyay of CPI(M) defeated Syed Mustaq Murshed of Trinamool Congress and [[Naba Kumar Chatterjee]] of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in the respective years. In 1991, 1987 and 1982, Maharani Konar of CPI(M) defeated Abdul Ohidmolla, Naba Kumar Chatterjee and Sabyasachi Samanta, all of Congress, in the respective years. In 1977, [[Benoy Konar]] of CPI(M) defeated Surya Narayan Pal of [[Janata Party]].<ref>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp275.htm| title = 275 – Memari Assembly Constituency | work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977| publisher = Election Commission of India| access-date = 2010-08-29 }}</ref>

===1962-1972===
[[Naba Kumar Chatterjee]] of Congress won in 1972. [[Benoy Krishna Konar]] of CPI(M) won in 1971 and 1969. P.Bishayee won in 1967. In [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]], Suchand Soren of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] won the Memari seat reserved for scheduled tribes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/electionstatistics.asp |title=Statistical Reports of Assembly Elections |access-date=2010-10-30 |work=General Election Results and Statistics |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=2010-10-05 }}</ref> Prior to that the seat did not exist.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Purba Bardhaman topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

[[Category:Politics of Paschim Bardhaman district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Purba Bardhaman district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in West Bengal]]

Sudhansh Pant

2026-04-29T07:51:31Z

DessieIqj504: new.

{{Short description|Former Chief Secretary of Rajasthan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sudhansh Pant
| honorific_suffix = [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| office = [[Secretary to the Government of India|Secretary of]] [[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment]]
| term_start = 1 December 2025
| term_end =
| successor =
| predecessor = Amit Yadav
| appointer = [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet]]
| office1 = [[Chief secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]] [[Government of Rajasthan]]
| term_start1 = 1 January 2024
| term_end1 = 11 November 2025
| successor1 = [[Voruganti Srinivas]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat24Live |title=कौन हैं IAS वी. श्रीनिवास? जो होंगे राजस्थान के नए मुख्य सचिव, केंद्र सरकार से मिली मंजूरी |url=https://bharat24live.com/news/who-is-ias-officer-v-srinivas-who-will-be-the-new-chief-secretary-of-rajasthan |access-date=2025-11-16 |website=bharat24live.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2025-11-16 |title=V Srinivas appointed Rajasthan's new chief secretary |url=https://theprint.in/india/v-srinivas-appointed-rajasthans-new-chief-secretary/2785299/ |access-date=2025-11-16 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>
| governor1 = [[Kalraj Mishra]]
| predecessor1 = [[Usha Sharma (IAS)]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1967|02|14}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Civil List of IAS Officers |url=https://dtf.in/wp-content/files/Civil_List_of_IAS_Officers_-_Appendix_A_-_Combined_Gradation_List_of_IAS_Officers_appointed_on_the_result_of_annual_competitive_Exam._As_on_01.01.2014-civillist.ias.nic.in.htm |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=dtf.in}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| education = ([[B.Tech]]) [[IIT Kharagpur]]
| occupation = Civil servant
| office2 = [[Government of India|Union]] [[Health]] [[Secretary]]
of [[India]]
| term_start2 = 1 August 2023
| term_end2 = 31 December 2023
| predecessor3 = [[Rajesh Bhushan]]([[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]])
| successor3 = Apurva Chandra ([[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]])
}}
'''Sudhansh Pant''' (born 14 February 1967) is an [[Indian Administrative Service|Indian Administrative Service officer]] of 1991 batch from Rajasthan cadre who is currently serving as the [[secretary to the Government of India|Secretary of]] [[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment|Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment of India]] since December 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date= 10 November 2025 |title= Appointment of Shri Sudhash Pant IAS presently in his cadre as the secretary in department of Social Justice and Empowerment of Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment|url=https://documents.doptcirculars.nic.in/D2/D02eod/OrApSySJE0Zh28.pdf |access-date= 11 November 2025|website= Department of Personnel and Training|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-02 |title=Who is Sudhansh Pant, the new Union Health Secretary? |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/who-is-sudhansh-pant-the-new-union-health-secretary-17409171.htm |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2024-01-01 |title=Sudhansh Pant appointed new |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sudhansh-pant-appointed-new-chief-secretary-of-rajasthan/article67694567.ece |access-date=2024-01-06 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He previously served as the [[List of chief secretaries of Rajasthan|Chief Secretary of Rajasthan]] from 2024 to 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=जयपुर: ब्यूरोक्रेसी की धमाकेदार खबर, मुख्य सचिव सुधांश पंत जा रहे केंद्र में, केंद्रीय सामाजिक न्याय विभाग में हुई नियुक्ति |url=https://firstindianews.com/news/big-news-from-the-bureaucratic-chief-secretary-sudhansh-pant-is-going-to-the-centre |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=firstindianews.com}}</ref> Before that he served as the [[secretary to Government of India|Health Secretary in]] the [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|Health Ministry of India]] and has also served as [[Officer on Special Duty|OSD]] in the [[Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-01 |title='91 batch IAS officer, Sudhansh Pant named Rajasthan chief secretary |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/91-batch-ias-officer-sudhansh-pant-named-rajasthan-chief-secretary/articleshow/106428234.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-01-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-01 |title=Sudhansh Pant takes charge as chief secretary of Rajasthan |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/sudhansh-pant-takes-charge-as-chief-secretary-of-rajasthan-18690911.htm |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Union Health Secretary Sudhansh Pant appointed as Rajasthan Chief Secretary |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/sudhansh-pant-appointed-as-rajasthan-chief-secretary-union-health-secretary-2482593-2023-12-31 |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Govt brings Rajasthan Chief Secretary Sudhansh Pant back to Centre |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/govt-brings-rajasthan-chief-secretary-sudhansh-pant-back-to-centre-10358909/ |access-date=2025-11-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pant, Sudhansh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:Kumaoni people]]
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:People from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:IIT Kharagpur alumni]]
{{improve categories|date=January 2024}}

Ek Bhram...Sarvagun Sampanna

2026-04-28T17:30:22Z

DessieIqj504: New...

{{Short description|2019 Indian television series}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Ek Bhram Sarvagun Sampanna.png
| genre = {{Plainlist|
* [[Drama]]
* [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]]
}}
| creator = Dipti Kalwani
| writer = {{ubl||Dipti Kalwani}}
| starring = {{ubl|[[Shrenu Parikh]]|[[Zain Imam]]}}
| creative_director = Siddhartha Vankar
| endtheme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| producer = {{ubl|Dipti Kalwani}}
| director = Abinaash Sharma
| editor =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 21–23 minutes
| company = {{Plainlist|
* Sunny Side Up Films
}}
| network = [[StarPlus]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=y|2019|04|22}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2019|09|20}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/sarvagun-sampanna-to-hamari-bahu-silk-tv-shows-that-fizzled-out-in-2019-1630171-2019-12-20|title=Sarvagun Sampanna to Hamari Bahu Silk: TV shows that fizzled out in 2019|last=|first=|date=20 December 2019|website=India Today|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220223417/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/sarvagun-sampanna-to-hamari-bahu-silk-tv-shows-that-fizzled-out-in-2019-1630171-2019-12-20 |archive-date=20 December 2019 |access-date=}}</ref>
| image_alt =
| caption =
| num_episodes = 109
| list_episodes =
| released =
}}
'''''Ek Bhram...Sarvagun Sampanna''''' is an Indian thriller drama television series that aired on [[StarPlus]] from 22 April to 20 September 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/telly-talk/gossip/article/heres-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-launch-of-shrenu-parikhs-ek-bhram-sarvagun-sampanna-tv-news/400714|title=Here's everything you need to know about the launch of Shrenu Parikh's Ek Bhram Sarvagun Sampanna|website=Times Now|date=15 April 2019 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Produced by Sunny Side Up Films, it starred [[Shrenu Parikh]] and [[Zain Imam]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=9 April 2019|title=Is Ek Bhram- Sarvagun Sampanna Inspired By True Events?|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/is-star-plus-ek-bhram-sarvagun-sampanna-inspired-by-true-events/20711165|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411002442/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/is-star-plus-ek-bhram-sarvagun-sampanna-inspired-by-true-events/20711165 |archive-date=11 April 2019 |access-date=|website=Mid Day}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ek-bhram-sarvagun-sampannas-shrenu-parikh-jahnvi-is-an-ideal-bahu-with-a-hidden-motive-to-harm-her-in-laws/articleshow/68921456.cms|title=Ek Bhram Sarvagun Sampanna's Shrenu Parikh: Jahnvi is an ideal bahu with a hidden motive to harm her in-laws|website=The Times of India|date=17 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

==Plot==
Janhvi is the respected and accomplished ideal daughter-in-law of the rich Mittal family. Loved by everyone, her decisions are always respected. But Janhvi has a secret vengeance towards the family. PK's younger son, Kabir Mittal is an army officer who returns home after six years with the widow and son of his colleague who sacrifice his life for the nation.

Janhvi reveals herself to be Pooja Sharma, the daughter of Dr. Ashok Sharma. Ashok's house was burnt by PK Mittal. The former managed to save his daughters but died in the fire. Since then Pooja vowed to destroy the whole Mittal family. She got the entire Mittal business and property on her name and ousted the Mittal family from their home.

Thus, starts a cold war between Pooja and Kabir. Kabir kidnaps Pooja's mother and asks Pooja to marry him in order to save her mother's life. Helpless, Pooja agrees and the two get married. Slowly, the two see each other's good side thus softening towards one another. Hesitant at first, they later accept having fallen in love with each other. Evil Rani turns vengeful towards Pooja, unable to accept Kabir with someone else. Eventually, Pooja and Kabir clear through all the plotting and misunderstandings and unite.

==Cast==
===Main===
*[[Shrenu Parikh]] as Pooja Kabir Mittal: Ashok and Anuradha's daughter; Rani's sister; Kabir's wife
*[[Zain Imam]] as Kabir Mittal: Suman and Prem's son; Dhruv's brother; Pooja's husband; Kavya's former husband

===Recurring===
*Purva Parag as Suman Mittal: Prem's wife; Kabir and Dhruv's mother
*[[Ayub Khan (actor)|Ayub Khan]] as Prem "PK" Mittal: Kishan's son; Suman's husband; Kabir and Dhruv's father
*[[Tanvi Dogra]] as Kavya Singhania: Vyom's widow; Kabir's ex-wife; Arush's mother
*[[Jyoti Gauba]] as Anuradha Sharma: Ashok's wife; Pooja and Rani's mother
* Rajeev Kumar as Suhasini "Amma" Devi: Pooja and Rani's adoptive mother
*[[Karan Mehra]] as Dr. Ashok Sharma: Anuradha's husband; Pooja and Rani's father
*[[Ishaan Singh Manhas]] as Dhruv Mittal: Suman and Prem's elder son; Kabir's brother; Pooja's fake husband
* [[Tina Philip]] as Rani "Ishani" Sharma: Ashok and Anuradha's younger daughter; Pooja's sister; Kabir's obsessed lover
* Nasir Khan as DCP: Prem's friend
*Manju Sharma as Chanda Mittal: Sonali and Jay's mother; Kabir and Dhruv's aunt
*Aanchal Agrawal as Sonali Mittal: Chanda's daughter; Jay's sister; Kabir and Dhruv's cousin
*[[Anshul Pandey]] as Jay Mittal: Chanda's son; Sonali's brother; Kabir and Dhruv's cousin
*[[Parikshit Sahni]] as Kishan Mittal: Patriarch of Mittal family; Prem's father; Kabir, Dhruv, Sonali and Jay's grandfather
*[[Anuj Sachdeva]] as Vyom Malhotra: Kabir's colleague and friend; Kavya's first husband; Arush's father
*Vidhan Sharma/Atharva Sharma as Arush Malhotra: Kavya and Vyom's son
* Manish Chawla

==Reception==
''[[Times Now]]'' said, "While it’s very clear in the first episode itself how twisted Janhvi is, makers keep the intrigue alive with her character. While Shrenu keeps the intrigue alive with her antics in the show, Zain’s character, Kabir, also manages to add to all the drama right before the episode ends".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/telly-talk/gossip/article/ek-bhram-sarvagun-sampanna-first-episode-review-shrenu-parikh-keeps-the-intrigue-alive-in-this-twisted-drama-tv-news/405098|title=Ek Bhram Sarvagun Sampanna Review: Shrenu Parikh keeps the intrigue alive in this twisted drama|website=Times Now|date=23 April 2019 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

''[[The Times of India]]'' stated, "Ek Bhram – Sarvagun Sampanna will keep you hooked to the show with Janhvi’s mysterious unsettled scores".<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=24 April 2019|title=Ek Bhram – Sarvagun Sampanna review: Shrenu Parikh aka Janhvi Mittal's mind games and conniving looks will keep you hooked|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ek-bhram-sarvagun-sampanna-review-shrenu-parikh-aka-janhvi-mittals-mind-games-and-conniving-looks-will-keep-you-hooked/articleshow/69028619.cms|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

''[[India Today]]'' said, "Shrenu Parikh is quite convincing as Janhvi, who can deceive anyone with her perfect bahu act. Ayub Khan fits well into the role of a strict head of the family. Ek Bhram – Sarvagun Sampanna looks promising and will keep the viewers hooked with its interesting twists and turns".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/ek-bhram-sarvagun-sampanna-first-impression-shrenu-parikh-s-evil-bahu-avatar-will-keep-you-on-the-edge-of-your-seat-1508508-2019-04-23|title=Ek Bhram Sarvagun Sampanna first impression: Shrenu Parikh's evil bahu avatar will keep you on the edge of your seat|website=India Today|date=23 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

==Production==
===Development===
The show was launched in a 1000-year-old heritage called Saas–Bahu temple located in [[Udaipur]], [[Rajasthan]].

The initial sequences of the series were inspired from real life incidents of a highly influential Indian family whom the makers maintained confidential. Due to this, they received threat phone calls from some of the families fearing threat to their identity.

In June 2019, the show went through a revamp in its storyline to increase the very low ratings, due to which actors [[Ayub Khan (actor)|Ayub Khan]] and [[Tanvi Dogra]] who were playing PK Mittal and Kavya Mittal respectively had to exit the show. Speaking about it producer Dipti Kalwani said, "The show is going in for a revamp with the existing cast. Actors are not quitting and will be brought back soon".

===Cancellation===
Despite the revamp in June 2019, the ratings did not reach expectations and thus, the shoot of the series concluded on 13 September 2019 while the series aired its last episode on 20 September 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/shrenu-parikh-pens-emotional-note-as-she-wraps-up-sarvagunn-sampanna-1596245-2019-09-06|title=Shrenu Parikh pens emotional note as she wraps up Sarvagunn Sampanna|last=|first=|date=6 September 2019|website=India Today|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190907125912/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/shrenu-parikh-pens-emotional-note-as-she-wraps-up-sarvagunn-sampanna-1596245-2019-09-06 |archive-date=7 September 2019 |access-date=}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2019 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian thriller television series]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:StarPlus original programming]]

Happy Birthday (2022 Indian film)

2026-04-21T01:59:04Z

DessieIqj504: creating basic entry initial version

{{Short description|2022 Indian crime comedy film}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Happy Birthday
| image = Happy Birthday (2022 Indian film) poster.jpeg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name = 
| director = Ritesh Rana
| writer = Ritesh Rana
| producer = Chiranjeevi Pedamallu Hemalatha Pedamallu
| starring = [[Lavanya Tripathi]] Naresh Agastya [[Vennela Kishore]] [[Satya (Telugu actor)|Satya]]
| cinematography = Suresh Sarangam
| editing = [[Karthika Srinivas]]
| music = [[Kaala Bhairava]]
| studio = [[Mythri Movie Makers]] Clap Entertainment
| distributor = Mythri Movie Makers
| released = {{Film date|2022|07|08|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Happy Birthday''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Surrealist cinema|surreal]] [[crime comedy film]] written and directed by Ritesh Rana and produced by [[Mythri Movie Makers]] and Clap Entertainment. It stars [[Lavanya Tripathi]] in a [[dual role]] along with Naresh Agastya, [[Vennela Kishore]], and [[Satya (Telugu actor)|Satya]].

Principal photography of the film took place between November 2021 and May 2022 in [[Hyderabad]]. The film has music composed by [[Kaala Bhairava]]. ''Happy Birthday'' was theatrically released on 8 July 2022 and received mixed reviews from critics and audiences.

== Plot ==
{{Expand section|June 2025|date=June 2025}}
Set in a fantasy world,<ref name="fantasy" /> [[Union minister]] Rithwik Sodhi passes a new [[gun law]] in the [[Parliament of India|parliament]] that liberalizes the manufacturing and sale of fire arms, leading to an increased gun culture in the country.{{Citation needed|date=October 2025}} A girl's birthday party at a hotel becomes entangled in a criminal and government conspiracy.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Lavanya Tripathi]] in a [[dual role]] as Pasupuleti Happy Tripati and Pasupuleti Baby Tripati
* [[Vennela Kishore]] as [[Union minister]] Rithwik Sodhi
* Naresh Agastya as Lucky
* [[Satya (Telugu actor)|Satya]] as Max Pain
* [[Rahul Ramakrishna]] as Gunda
* [[Gundu Sudarshan]] as Uncle Fixit
* [[Getup Srinu]] as William
* Privij as Serena
* [[Harsha Chemudu]] as Receptionist
* [[Vidyullekha Raman]] as receptionist QT
* Ravi Teja as Benami
* Rohini as Ratna
* Baaji
* [[C. V. L. Narasimha Rao]]
* Rocket Raghava
}}

== Production ==
Following his debut directorial venture ''[[Mathu Vadalara]]'' (2019), Ritesh Rana was signed for another film under the production of [[Mythri Movie Makers]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2025}} Actress [[Lavanya Tripathi]] was cast the lead in her first [[crime comedy]] film.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=29 November 2021 |title=Lavanya Tripathi signs a crime comedy |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2021/nov/29/avanya-tripathi-signs-a-crime-comedy-28097.html |access-date= |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=}}</ref> Naresh Agastya, [[Satya (Telugu actor)|Satya]], [[Vennela Kishore]] and [[Gundu Sudarshan]] play other roles.{{Citation needed|date=October 2025}} In the film, a [[union minister]] (Kishore) proposes a new gun law that aims to liberalize purchase, sale, manufacture and use of fire arms in the country which leads to increase in the gun culture in the country.{{Citation needed|date=October 2025}} Tripathi plays a modern girl nicknamed Happy 340.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nadadhur |first1=Srivathsan |title=Happy Birthday: Here's the character promo of Lavanya Tripathi as Happy 340 |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/happy-birthday-heres-the-character-promo-of-lavanya-tripathi-as-happy-340/46d55c96cf712 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref>

The film began its production in [[Hyderabad]] in November 2021.<ref name=":1" /> In December, the film was titled as ''Happy Birthday.''<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 December 2021 |title=Lavanya Tripathi's film is titled Happy Birthday |url=https://telugucinema.com/news/lavanya-tripathis-film-is-titled-happy-birthday |access-date= |website=Telugu Cinema |language=}}</ref> The shoot was completed by May 2022. [[Kaala Bhairava]] composed the film's music. The film has cinematography by Suresh Sarangam and editing by [[Karthika Srinivas]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nadadhur |first=Srivathsan |title=Lavanya Tripathi's next, Happy Birthday, directed by Ritesh Rana, gets a release date! |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/lavanya-tripathis-next-happy-birthday-directed-by-ritesh-rana-gets-a-release-date/3fc99b66e1739 |access-date=5 May 2022 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=}}</ref>

==Music==
The music of the film is composed by [[Kaala Bhairava]]. Lyrics are written by Kittu Vissapragada. The first single was released on 4 July 2022.<ref>[https://twitter.com/Itslavanya/status/1543940667805954049?t=FAOz1aJWKzwl6YxWsgUtjg&s=19 Lavanya Tripathi, Twitter]</ref><ref>[https://music.youtube.com/playlist?list=OLAK5uy_mYKw1YGFEySvCigVTQOfhdE-XWL-EPN84&feature=share Party Song by Kaala Bhairava & Damini Bhatla, YouTube Music]</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline =
| title1 = Party Song
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| lyrics1 = Kittu Vissapragada
| extra1 = [[Damini Bhatla]]
| length1 = 3:55
}}

== Release ==
''Happy Birthday'' was released theatrically on 8 July 2022,<ref name="fantasy">{{Cite web |date=2022-06-26 |title=Lavanya Tripati's Happy Birthday release advanced |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2022/jun/25/lavanya-tripathis-happy-birthday-release-preponed-32326.html |access-date= |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=}}</ref> advanced by a week from its initial release date of 15 July 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-05 |title=Lavanya Tripathi's Happy Birthday gets a release date – |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/lavanya-tripathis-happy-birthday-gets-a-release-date/articleshow/91344792.cms |access-date= |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Neeshitha Nyayapati of ''[[The Times Of India]]'' rated the film 3 out of 5 stars and wrote "Despite its flaws, ''Happy Birthday'' is refreshing and is exactly what TFI needs to shake things up. It might be far from perfect but Ritesh deserves an A+ for effort".<ref>{{cite news|title=Happy Birthday Movie Review : Lavanya and Satya shine in this surreal comedy
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/happy-birthday/movie-review/92744818.cms|website=[[The Times Of India]]|access-date=8 July 2022}}</ref> A critic for ''[[The Hans India]]'' rated the film 2 out of 5 stars and wrote "''Happy Birthday'' is a different attempt in the comedy genre. But, it fails to provide a cohesive narrative from the start to the end. It ends up boring and scratching our heads".<ref>{{cite web|title=Happy Birthday Movie review: Honest attempt but futile|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/movie-reviews/happy-birthday-movie-review-honest-attempt-but-futile-78828|website=[[The Hans India]]|date=8 July 2022 |access-date=8 July 2022}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|21149558}}

[[Category:Mythri Movie Makers films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Kaala Bhairava]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:2022 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian crime comedy films]]
[[Category:2022 crime comedy films]]
[[Category:Gun violence in popular culture]]

Manasa Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T08:39:38Z

DessieIqj504: put up data

{{Short description|Assembly constituency in Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Manasa
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 228
| map_image = 228-Manasa.svg
| mla = [[Aniruddha Maroo]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[Kailash Chawla]]
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Neemuch district|Neemuch]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Mandsaur Lok Sabha constituency|Mandsaur]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
}}

'''Manasa''' is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]].<ref name=eci1>{{cite web|url=http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/DACList.aspx|title=District/Assembly List|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Madhya Pradesh website|access-date=14 March 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201083311/http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/(S(4ftawu55w1soru45gswzuz55))/DACList.aspx|archive-date=1 December 2015}}</ref> This constituency came into existence in 1951 as one of the 79 Vidhan Sabha constituencies of the erstwhile [[Madhya Bharat]] state.<ref name=eci2>{{cite web|url=http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MB.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Bharat|page=5|publisher=Election Commission of India website|access-date=2011-03-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721155640/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MB.pdf|archive-date=2011-07-21|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Overview==
Manasa (constituency number 228) is one of the 3 Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in [[Neemuch district]]. This constituency covers the entire Manasa [[tehsil]] of the district.<ref name="ceo">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|pages=249, 251}}</ref>

Manasa is part of [[Mandsaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandsour Lok Sabha constituency]] along with seven other Vidhan Sabha segments, namely, [[Neemuch Assembly constituency|Neemuch]] and [[Jawad Assembly constituency|Jawad]] in this district, [[Jaora Assembly constituency|Jaora]] in [[Ratlam district]] and [[Mandsour Assembly constituency|Mandsour]], [[Malhargarh Assembly constituency|Malhargarh]], [[Suwasra Assembly constituency|Suwasra]] and [[Garoth Assembly constituency|Garoth]] in [[Mandsaur district]].<ref name="ceo"/>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
=== Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1952 Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|Ram Lal<ref name="eci2" />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

=== Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Sunder Lal Patwa]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|[[Balkavi Bairagi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Surajbhai Tugnawat
|-
|[[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Ramchandra Basar
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|[[Balkavi Bairagi]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Narendra Nahta
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Radheshyam Ladha
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| rowspan="2" |Narendra Nahta
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
|[[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|[[Kailash Chawla]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|Vijendra Singh Malaheda
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|[[Kailash Chawla]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Aniruddha Maroo]]<ref name="election2018">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Manasa<ref name="election2023">{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh General Legislative Election 2023 Statistical Report |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Aniruddha Maroo]]
|votes = {{formatnum:90980}}
|percentage = 53.94
|change = -2.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Narendra Nahata
|votes = {{formatnum:71993}}
|percentage = 42.68
|change = +2.94
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1849}}
|percentage = 1.1
|change = -0.28
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:18987}}
|percentage = 11.26
|change = -5.64
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:168681}}
|percentage = 84.3
|change = -0.56
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Manasa<ref name=election2018 name="election2018-1">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="election2018"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Aniruddha Maroo]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:87004}}
|percentage = 56.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Umrao Singh Shivlal
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:61050}}
|percentage = 39.74
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Karulal Banjara
|votes = {{formatnum:1698}}
|percentage = 1.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2117}}
|percentage = 1.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:25954}}
|percentage = 16.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:153617}}
|percentage = 84.86
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2008===
* Vijendrasingh Malaheda (Vijju Banna) (INC) : 38,632 votes <ref name="election2008">{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/2008-election-results.html|title=Madhya Pradesh Assembly Election Results in 2008|website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
* Aniruddha Rameshawar (Madhav Maru) (BJSH / Probably BJP Rebel or ally) : 33,197

===2003===
* Kailash Chawala (BJP) : 67,193 votes <ref name="election2003">{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/2003-election-results.html|title=Madhya Pradesh Assembly Election Results in 2003|website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
* Narendra Nahata (INC) : 41,836

===1957===
* Sunderlal (BJS) : 12,437 votes <ref name="election1957">{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/1957-election-results.html|title=Madhya Pradesh Assembly Election Results in 1957|website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
* Ramlal (INC) : 9,733

==See also==
*[[Manasa, Madhya Pradesh|Manasa]]
* [[Neemuch District]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coords|24.48|75.14|display=title}}

[[Category:Neemuch district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]

Mai (2013 film)

2026-04-14T04:55:47Z

DessieIqj504: put up a stub

{{EngvarB|date=September 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = MAI
| image = Mai poster.jpg
| alt = 
| caption =
| director = Mahesh Kodiyal
| producer = Alliance Entertainment Rhythm D'vine Entertainment Pvt. Ltd., Madhusudan Group
| writer = Mahesh Kodiyal
Manoj Tapasya
Sahil Sultanpuri (Lyrics)
| based_on = 
| starring = [[Asha Bhosle]] [[Padmini Kolhapure]] [[Ram Kapoor]]
| music = Nitin Shankar
| cinematography = Sachin K. Krishn
| editing = Ashish Amrute
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2013|2|1|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = [[India]]
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
[[File:Asha Bhosle.jpg|200px|thumb|Bhosle plays the title role in the film.]]
'''''Mai''''' ({{translation|Mother}}) is a 2013 Indian [[Hindi]]-language film which marks the debut of veteran singer [[Asha Bhosle]] as a lead actress.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://movies.ndtv.com/music/on-acting-adventure-asha-bhosle-says-she-s-better-off-singing-323883 | title=On acting adventure, Asha Bhosle says she's better off singing | publisher=NDTV | date=30 January 2013 | accessdate=3 February 2013}}</ref> The film is a family drama of how children abandon their ailing old parents. The film is also the debut directorial venture of Mahesh Kodiyal.<ref name=Only>{{cite web | url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/ENT----mai-will-be-my-only-experiment-with-acting----asha-bhosle-4163843-NOR.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122233652/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/ENT----mai-will-be-my-only-experiment-with-acting----asha-bhosle-4163843-NOR.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=22 January 2016 | title='Mai' will be my only experiment with acting: Asha Bhosle | publisher=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] | date=30 January 2013 | accessdate=3 February 2013 | author=Jha, Subhash K}}</ref>

==Plot==
Mai, a widowed mother of four, is a 65-year-old woman with [[Alzheimer's disease]] who lives with her only son, Munna. When Munna gets an opportunity to move to USA for his job, he decides to admit Mai in an old age home. But Mai's eldest daughter Madhu objects to this. After the other two daughters also abandon Mai for various reasons, Madhu decides to bring Mai to her own home. Madhu's husband Subhash and teenage daughter Charu dislike this. After a series of events Madhu's family accepts Mai lovingly in their family but she dies.

==Cast==
* [[Asha Bhosle]] as Mai
* [[Padmini Kolhapure]] as Madhu, Mai's eldest daughter
* [[Ram Kapoor]] as Subhash Joshi, Mai's son-in-law, Madhu's husband, Charu's father
* Shivani Joshi as Charu, Madhu's daughter
* [[Kshitee Jog]] as Mai's second daughter
* [[Anupam Kher]] as the Doctor (Cameo role)

The film features veteran playback singer of India, Asha Bhosle, in the title role. Bhosle debuted through this film as an actress at the age of 79. Padmini Kolhapure, who is the real-life niece of Bhosle, played the role of her eldest daughter. Kolhapure, known for her roles in the films ''[[Insaaf Ka Tarazu]]'' (1980) and ''[[Prem Rog]]'' (1982), returned to films after a hiatus.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/us | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216063803/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-16/news-interviews/36373127_1_mahesh-kodiyal-padmini-kolhapure-surprise-package | url-status=live | archive-date=16 February 2013 | title=Ashaji will surprise in 'Mai': Padmini Kolhapure | date=16 January 2013 | work=[[The Times of India]] | access-date=3 February 2013}}</ref>

Bhosle dedicated the film to her mother, who was also lovingly called "Mai". About her acting experience she says that she did not find acting difficult but also states that this will be her "only experiment with acting".<ref name=Only/>

==Music==
The songs of the film are penned by Manoj Tapadia and Sahil Sultanpuri. The score is composed by music director Nithin R Shankar, who has previously composed music for the 2007 film ''[[Bombay to Goa (2007 film)|Bombay to Goa]]''. Sahil Sultanpuri brings his first song "Dhakku Makum", Tapadia has previously written songs of the films ''[[Manorama Six Feet Under]]'' and ''[[Cheeni Kum]]'', both of 2007.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://bollyspice.com/54776/mai-music-review | title=Mai Music Review | date=1 February 2013 | accessdate=3 February 2013 | author=Chaudhury, Bodrul}}</ref> The song "Dhakku Makum" features the popular Marathi traditional song "Yere Yere Pausa" which is sung by Zanai Bhosle, Asha Bhosle's granddaughter. The song is a rain dance sequence choreographed by Lollypop, known for the choreography of "[[Aati Kya Khandala]]" and was released at Lalbaugcha Ganpati on 19 September 2012 on the occasion of [[Ganesh Chaturthi]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/music/asha-bhosle-launches-mai-song-at-lalbaugcha-raja_119398.htm | title=Asha Bhosle launches 'Mai' song at Lalbaugcha Raja | publisher=[[Zee News]] | date=19 September 2012 | accessdate=3 February 2013 |location=Mumbai}}</ref> The complete music album was released on 22 January 2013 by [[Sachin Tendulkar]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Sachin-Tendulkar-launches-Mai-soundtrack/1067445/ | title=Sachin Tendulkar launches Mai soundtrack | work=[[The Indian Express]] | date=1 February 2013 | accessdate=3 February 2013 | author=Khan, Asad |location=Mumbai}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2013/jan/220113-sachin-tendulkar-to-attend-mai-music-launch.htm | title=Sachin Tendulkar to attend 'Mai' music launch | work=[[DNA (newspaper)|DNA]] | date=22 January 2013 | accessdate=3 February 2013 | author=Parker, Shaheen}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Mai | extra1 = [[Asha Bhosle]] | lyrics1 = Manoj Tapadia | length1 =
| title2 = Chanda Ki Bindiya | extra2 = Asha Bhosle | lyrics2 = Manoj Tapadia | length2 =
| title3 = Dhakku Makum | extra3 = [[Amit Kumar (singer)|Amit Kumar]], Zanai Bhosle | lyrics3 = Sahil Sultanpuri| length3 =
| title4 = Loag Yahaan | extra4 = [[Sukhwinder Singh]] | lyrics4 = Manoj Tapadia | length4 =
| title5 = Learn To Adjust | extra5 = [[Arjun Kanungo]], [[Payal Dev]]| lyrics5 = Manoj Tapadia | length5 =
}}

==Reception==
{{Film and game ratings
| rev1 = [[NDTV]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/movie-review-i-mai-i-780 | title=Movie review: Mai | publisher=NDTV | date=1 February 2013 | accessdate=3 February 2013}}</ref>
| rev1score = {{Rating|3.5|5}}
| rev2 = [[Rediff]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-asha-bhosle-is-earnest-in-mai/20130201.htm | title=Review: Asha Bhosle is earnest in Mai | date=1 February 2013 | accessdate=3 February 2013 | author=Someshwar, Savera R}}</ref>
| rev2score = {{Rating|3|5}}
| rev3 = ''[[The Times of India]]''<ref name=TOI/>
| rev3score = {{Rating|2.5|5}}
| rev4 = [[Zee News]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/bollywood/mai-review-asha-bhosle-fails-to-save-a-dour-story_127194.html | title='Mai' Review: Asha Bhosle fails to save a dour story | publisher=Zee News | date=2 February 2013 | accessdate=3 February 2013 | author=Yuyutsu, Arya}}</ref>
| rev4score = {{Rating|2|5}}
| rev5 = ''[[Mid-Day]]''<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2013/feb/020213-movie-review-mai.htm | title=Movie Review: Mai | publisher=[[Mid-Day]] | date=2 February 2013 | accessdate=3 February 2013 | author=Parker, Shaheen}}</ref>
| rev5score = {{Rating|2|5}}
}}

The film released for audiences on 1 February 2013<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/offbeat-films-on-offer-this-friday-whats-your-pick/ | title=Offbeat Films on Offer This Friday; What's Your Pick? | publisher=Koimoi | date=30 January 2013 | accessdate=2 February 2013}}</ref> with a grand premier on the previous night at Cinemax, [[Versova (Mumbai)|Versova]]. The premier was attended by notable personalities of Bollywood like [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Shatrughan Sinha]], [[Sridevi]], [[Tanuja]], and more.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/star-studded-premiere-for-asha-bhosle-s-acting-debut-i-mai-i-325137 | title=Star-studded premiere for Asha Bhosle's acting debut Mai | publisher=[[NDTV]] | date=1 February 2013 | accessdate=2 February 2013 |location=Mumbai}}</ref>

The film proved to be average. In their review, various critics appreciated Bhosle's performance but criticised the film for clichéd plot.<ref name=TOI>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Mai/movie-review/18287277.cms | title=Mai | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=1 February 2013 | accessdate=2 February 2013 | author=Vyavahare, Renuka}}</ref> ''[[Filmfare]]'' also appreciated Bhosle by writing that she "weaves magic but not enough to save a mediocre movie".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.filmfare.com/reviews/movie-review-mai-2269.html | title=Movie Review: Mai | publisher=[[Filmfare]] | date=2 February 2013 | accessdate=3 February 2013 | author=Gupta, Rachit}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|2389486|Mai}}
*Nitin Shankar on IMDB [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1091233/?ref_=fn_al_nm_1]

[[Category:2013 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:Indian films about Alzheimer's disease]]
[[Category:2013 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2013 Indian films]]

Ravi Bahadur

2026-04-11T21:12:32Z

DessieIqj504: creating - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ravi Bahadur
| image =
| office = [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly|Member of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Jwalapur (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Jwalapur]]
| term_start = 10 March 2022
| term_end =
| successor =
| predecessor = [[Suresh Rathor]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| education =
| alma_mater =
| father =
| profession = [[Politician]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Ravi Bahadur'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/jwalapur-uttarakhand-assembly-election-results-2022-live-updates-1922986-2022-03-10|title=Jwalapur, Uttarakhand Assembly Election Results 2022 LIVE Updates|website=India Today}}</ref> is an Indian politician and the MLA from [[Jwalapur (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Jwalapur Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/jwalapur-election-2022-results-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-winner-loser-tally-who-will-winuttarakhand-assembly-election-2022-news-1518640|title=Jwalapur Uttarakhand Election 2022 Final Results LIVE: INC Candidate ER. RAVI BAHADUR wins from Jwalapur , Details Inside|first=A. B. P.|last=Live|date=March 10, 2022|website=news.abplive.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/jwalapur-election-result-2022-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-4853954.html|title=Jwalapur Election Result 2022 LIVE Updates: Er. Ravi Bahadur From INC Wins|date=March 10, 2022|website=News18}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Indian National Congress]].

Ravi Bahadur won with 42372 votes, defeating incumbent MLA [[Suresh Rathor]] of [[Bhartiya Janata Party]] by a margin of 13,376 votes in [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2022/ConstituencywiseS2827.htm?ac=27 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bahadur, Ravi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:People from Haridwar district]]
[[Category:Uttarakhand MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Uttarakhand-INC-politician-stub}}

Chhaya Kadam

2026-04-08T13:06:11Z

DessieIqj504: Stub

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Chhaya Kadam
| image = Actress Chhaya Kadam at 2024 Cannes Film Festival 3 (cropped 2).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Chhaya Kadam at [[2024 Cannes Film Festival]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1975|10|23}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-10-23 |title=Photo: Director Ravi Jadhav is all praise for actress Chhaya Kadam on her birthday today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/photo-director-ravi-jadhav-is-all-praise-for-actress-chhaya-kadam-on-her-birthday-today/articleshow/66332995.cms#:~:text=October%2023,%202018-,Photo:%20Director%20Ravi%20Jadhav%20is%20all%20praise%20for%20actress%20Chhaya,Lifestyle |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2009–present
| spouse =
| children =
}}
'''Chhaya Kadam''' is an Indian actress who predominantly appears in Marathi and Hindi films.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Redu' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/birthday-special-chhaya-kadams-movies-you-should-not-miss/photostory/66329519.cms?picid=66329540 |access-date=2023-06-23 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She has appeared in [[Nagraj Manjule]] films, ''[[Fandry]]'' (2013), ''[[Sairat]]'' (2016), and [[Jhund (film)|''Jhund'']] (2022), as well as in other Marathi films including [[Redu (film)|''Redu'']] (2018) and [[Nude (2018 film)|''Nude'']] (2018).<ref>{{Cite web |last=आपटे |first=अंकिता |date=2023-01-18 |title=Chhaya Kadam Interview: सहायक भूमिकाही मुख्य भूमिकेसारखीच करते |url=https://matagold.timesgroup.com/entertainment/interview-with-jhund-and-gangubai-kathiawadifame-actress-chhaya-kama-about-her-journey/1674063063639 |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=MaTa Gold |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pawar |first=Yogesh |date=2022-03-07 |title=Chhaya Kadam interview: 'Every role is a challenge' |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1018932/chhaya-kadam-interview-every-role-is-a-challenge |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=From Nana Patekar, Swapnil Joshi to Chhaya Kadam; Marathi celebrities who stunned us with their performances! |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/best-of-2018-marathi-celebrities-who-stunned-us-with-their-performances/photostory/67253618.cms |access-date=2023-06-22 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The last of these earned her the [[Maharashtra State Film Award]] for [[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-27 |title=असा रंगला दिमाखदार 56 वा राज्य मराठी चित्रपट पुरस्कार सोहळा, वाचा विजेत्यांची संपूर्ण यादी |url=https://www.timesnowmarathi.com/entertainment/article/maharashtra-state-film-awards-2019-complete-winner-list-mukta-barve-bharat-jadhav-paresh-rawal-vinod-tawde-k-k-menon/252452 |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=www.timesnowmarathi.com |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-27 |title='भोंगा'ने पटकावला उत्कृष्ट चित्रपट पुरस्कार |url=https://www.mymahanagar.com/maharashtra/56th-maharashtra-state-film-awards/95297/ |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=My Mahanagar |language=mr-IN}}</ref> Kadam gained wider recognition in 2024 for her roles in the comedy-dramas ''[[Laapataa Ladies]]'' and ''[[Madgaon Express]]'' and the independent drama ''[[All We Imagine as Light]]'' and ''[[Sister Midnight]]''.

For her performance in the film ''Laapataa Ladies'', she won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress]].

== Early life ==
Chhaya Kadam was born into a middle-class family in Kalina, a suburb in central [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Not quite in the shadows |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/just-before-monday/report-not-quite-in-the-shadows-2619104 |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref> Her father was a mill worker. She has cited her father as one of the trustees of [[Sai Baba of Shirdi|Sai Baba]].<ref>{{Cite web |title='मेरे साई' मालिकेत काम करणं खुद्द देवानंच दिलेला एक संकेत |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/television-news/popular-marathi-actress-chhaya-kadam-to-enter-mere-sai/articleshow/78271425.cms |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref> On failing in the 12th grade, she said, "Success and failure come in life, but that is no reason to be discouraged. Because you get a second chance to prove yourself in life. But life doesn't come second. It is said that because of exam failure, some students resort to suicide".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chaya Kadam |url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/BOL-MB-sairat-fame-actress-chhaya-kadam-share-her-experience-about-12th-exam-5726965-PHO.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=टीम |first=एबीपी माझा वेब |date=2022-06-08 |title=Result : निकाल काहीही येवो, निराश होऊ नका; 'हे' दिग्गजही परीक्षेत नापास पण जीवनात मात्र टॉपर |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/education/maharashtra-hsc-result-dont-despair-after-result-nagraj-manjule-chhaya-kadam-failed-exam-but-topper-in-life-1067430 |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref> She attended Sathaye College, [[Vile Parle]], where she played kabaddi at the state level, and graduated in Textile Design. She performed on stage throughout high school and college.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-22 |title=Ground Beneath Her Feet |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/chhaya-kadam-fandry-ravi-jadhav-nude-5146997/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Chhaya began her career on stage before moving to film in 2009. Her debut on the stage was with [[Waman Kendre]]'s ''Zulva''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The journey of an actor can never stop |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/the-journey-of-an-actor-can-never-stop-says-chhaya-kadam-from-the-show-mere-sai-147785}}</ref> Her first film, ''Baimanus'' (2010), was never released. This was followed by films like ''Mi Sindhutai Sapkal'' (2010), ''Baboo Band Baaja'' (2011), and ''Kuni Ghar Deta Ka Ghar'' (2013). Her debut Hindi film was ''[[Singham Returns]]'' (2013), in which she had a single scene with [[Ajay Devgn]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-26 |title=ग्रामीण प्रेक्षक, सर्वसामान्य लोक यांच्या जीवावरच मी मोठी झाले, अभिनेत्रीने व्यक्त केल्या भावना |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/the-general-audience-made-me-big-says-actress-chhaya-kadam/articleshow/78785039.cms |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref>

Her breakthrough role came in ''[[Fandry]]'' (2013), directed by [[Nagraj Manjule]].{{citation needed|date=April 2025}} Her performance as Nani in the national award-winning film was critically acclaimed.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}} She then appeared in [[Highway (2015 film)|''Highway'']] (2015) and ''[[Gour Hari Dastaan]]'' (2015).{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}

In 2016, she starred in [[Nagraj Manjule]]'s ''[[Sairat]],'' their second collaboration. The film met with widespread critical acclaim. She portrayed a Hyderabadi Telugu woman who runs a dosa store in the film. She learned Telugu from the cameramen on the shoot for this.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-24 |title=सोशल मीडियावर सैराट मधल्या 'सुमन अक्का'च्या स्टायलिश लूकला मिळते अधिक पसंती |url=https://www.lokmat.com/marathi-cinema/sairat-fame-suman-akka-aka-chhaya-kadam-been-liked-very-much-fans-over-social-media-check-her-a591/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Lokmat |language=mr}}</ref> She received a nomination for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Marathi]]. Other films in 2016 were ''Babanchi Shala'',''Taleem, [[Vees Mhanje Vees]],'' and ''[[Budhia Singh – Born to Run]].'' {{Citation needed|date=July 2023}} She appeared in films like ''Atumgiri'' (2017)'', [[Halal (film)|Halal]]'' (2017)'','' and [[Hampi (film)|''Hampi'']] (2017).

In 2018, she starred in the film [[Nude (2018 film)|''Nude'']], directed by [[Ravi Jadhav]]. Zee Studios, the production house for the film, ran into trouble at the International Film Festival of India in Goa. Despite being chosen as the opening title of the Indian Panorama section at the festival, the movie was dropped on the directives of the Information and Broadcasting Ministry. The Central Board of Film Certification finally approved the film with an Adult certificate and no cuts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raman |first=Sruthi Ganapathy |date=2018-03-09 |title=Ravi Jadhav on 'Nude': 'We are saying a lot of things, but we are doing it subtly' |url=https://scroll.in/reel/871347/ravi-jadhav-on-nude-we-are-saying-a-lot-of-things-but-we-are-doing-it-subtly |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |author=Scroll Staff |date=2017-11-14 |title=Watch: The trailer of Ravi Jadhav's 'Nude', which IFFI has refused to screen |url=https://scroll.in/reel/857869/watch-the-trailer-of-ravi-jadhavs-nude-which-iffi-has-refused-to-screen |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref> Upon release, the film received critical acclaim, with Kadam receiving praise for her performance.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-28 |title=Movie Review: Nude |url=https://www.nagpurtoday.in/movie-review-nude/04282042 |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Nagpur Today : Nagpur News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Thombare |first=Suparna |title=Nude review: Strong performances drive this evocative tale |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/nude-18899 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326101536/https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/nude-18899 |url-status=live |archive-date=26 March 2019 |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref> The film went on to win the Best Film award at the New York Indian Film Festival 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marathi film 'Nude' wins the 'Best Film' award at the New York Indian Film Festival 2018 |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-marathi-film-nude-wins-the-best-film-award-at-the-new-york-indian-film-festival-2018-2616309 |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-27 |title=56 वा मराठी चित्रपट पुरस्कार प्रदान सोहळा दिमाखात |url=https://www.jaimaharashtranews.com/mararhi-film-award-2019/ |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=Jaimaharashtra news |language=en}}</ref> She then starred in ''Redu,'' which was screened at many popular international film festivals and bagged several nominations at the 56th [[Maharashtra State Film Awards]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-04-11 |title=Redu bags 10 nominations at State Awards |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/redu-bags-10-nominations-at-state-awards/articleshow/63712313.cms |access-date=2023-06-26 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |date=2018-05-18 |title='Redu' film review: A short-wave transmission that is limited in ambition |url=https://scroll.in/reel/879398/redu-film-review-a-short-wave-transmission-that-is-limited-in-ambition |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lookhar |first=Mayur |title=Redu review: Entertaining tale of loss with fine acting, visuals |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/redu-31242 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326083008/https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/redu-31242 |url-status=live |archive-date=26 March 2019 |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref> She played an important role in ''[[Andhadhun]]'' (2018) and a major role in ''Zelya'' (2018)''.''

In 2019, she starred in ''[[Aatpadi Nights]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chhaya Kadam - Best Actor in Supporting Role Female Nominee {{!}} Filmfare Awards |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-marathi-2020/nominations/best-actor-supporting-role-female/chhaya-kadam |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref> She received a nomination for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Marathi]]. She appeared in the web series ''Hutatma Season 2'' and made her television debut in ''Mere Sai'' (2020).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Chhaya Kadam - Mere Sai |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/entertainment/tv/news/amitabh-bachchan-alia-bhatt-ayushman-khuranas-co-star-chhaya-kadam-debut-in-tv-show-will-play-an-important-role-in-tv-mere-sai-show-127789192.html}}</ref>

In 2022, her first release ''[[Nay Varanbhat Loncha Kon Nay Koncha]]'' created controversy with the release of its trailer. The chairperson of the National Commission for Women (NCW) has written to the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (I&B) requesting that the film's trailer be censored after receiving a complaint from Bharatiya Stree Shakti that the film's trailer "depicted women and minors in an offensive manner".<ref>{{Cite web |title=नाय वरनभात लोन्चा कोन नाय कोन्चा |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/nay-varan-bhat-loncha-kon-nay-koncha/moviereview/88929010.cms |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Entertainment |first=Quint |date=2022-01-12 |title=NCW Writes to I&B Ministry to Censor 'Nay Varan Bhat Loncha...' Trailer |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/ncw-notice-writes-ministry-information-broadcasting-nay-varan-bhat-loncha-kon-nay-koncha-marathi-film-censor |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref> Upon its release, the film won accolades for its realistic plot as well as applause for her performance. Kalpeshraj Kubal of [[Maharashtra Times]] wrote, "Chhaya Kadam, who is playing the role of Baye, has left us speechless with her acting skills. Her body language and verbal interactions add to the height of the role".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-16 |title=YeRe YeRe Pavsa Marathi Movie: ...म्हणून छाया कदम यांनी स्वीकारला 'येरे येरे पावसा', उद्या येतोय भिजवायला...! |url=https://www.lokmat.com/marathi-cinema/chhaya-kadam-play-jubaidas-role-marathi-movie-yere-yere-pavasa-release-on-17-june-a590/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Lokmat |language=mr}}</ref> She appeared in the drama ''[[Soyrik]]'' and played a prominent role.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seta |first=Keyur |title=Soyrik review: Makarand Mane's experiment is able to keep the audience interested |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/soyrik-46883 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212060936/https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/soyrik-46883 |url-status=live |archive-date=12 February 2022 |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref> Her next two releases were the highly acclaimed Hindi films ''[[Gangubai Kathiawadi]]'' and [[Jhund (film)|''Jhund'']]. In the former, she portrayed Rashmibai, a rival of the titular character, played by [[Alia Bhatt]]. The latter marked her third collaboration with [[Nagraj Manjule]]. She played the wife of [[Amitabh Bachchan]]'s character, Vijay Borade. Both roles gained her recognition.<ref>{{Cite web |title=अभिनयाचं नाणं खणखणीत असेल, तर ते वाजणारंच...छाया कदम यांच्या अभिनयाचं कौतुक |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/chhaya-kadam-role-in-gangubai-kathiawadi-and-jhund-movie/articleshow/90076735.cms |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Seta |first=Keyur |title=Sanjay Leela Bhansali thinks about work 24x7, says Gangubai Kathiawadi actress Chhaya Kadam |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2022/feb/7/33199/sanjay-leela-bhansali-thinks-about-work-24x7-says-gangubai-kathiawadi-actress-chhaya-kadam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623022655/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2022/feb/7/33199/sanjay-leela-bhansali-thinks-about-work-24x7-says-gangubai-kathiawadi-actress-chhaya-kadam |url-status=live |archive-date=23 June 2023 |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref> ''[[Kaun Pravin Tambe?]]'', ''Bharat Maza Desh Aaze,'' and ''Yere Yera Pausa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-18 |title='येरे येरे पावसा' चित्रपट लवकरच येणार प्रेक्षकांच्या भेटीला, टीझर पाहिलात का? {{!}} yere yere pausa teaser release milind shinde chhaya kadam sandesh jadhav |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/yere-yere-pausa-teaser-release-milind-shinde-chhaya-kadam-sandesh-jadhav-mrj-95-2933900/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>'' were among the year's other films. She next appeared in [[Kiran Rao]]'s ''[[Laapataa Ladies]]''.

Her upcoming film is [[Rupesh Paul]]'s neo noir experimental ''Pedigree'' (2023), supposedly the first silent Indian film after the post sound era.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-26 |title=Chhaya Kadam impresses in an action avatar in Paul Rupesh's 'Pedigree' |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/chhaya-kadam-impresses-in-an-action-avatar-in-paul-rupeshs-pedigree-1203643.html |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Film
!Role
!Language
!Notes
!Ref
|-
| rowspan="2" |2009
|''Patacha Pani''
|
|Marathi
|Short
|
|-
|''Vitthal''
|
|Marathi
|Short
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2010
|''Dagadancha Dev (Kingdom of God)''
|
|Marathi
|Short
|
|-
|''Baimanus''
|
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|''[[Mee Sindhutai Sapkal]]''
|
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|2011
|''[[Baboo Band Baaja]]''
|
|Marathi
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2012
|''Nach Tuzach Lagin Haay''
|
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|''[[Aayna Ka Bayna]]''
|Chuttan's mother
|Marathi
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2013
|''Kuni Ghar Deta Ka Ghar''
|
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|''[[Singham Returns]]''
|Slum Dweller
|Hindi
|
|
|-
|''[[Fandry]]''
|Nani
|Marathi
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2015
|[[Highway (2015 film)|''Highway'']]
|
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|''[[Gour Hari Dastaan]]''
|Khadi Commission
|Hindi
|
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |2016
|''Babanchi Shala''
|Neeta Satam
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|''[[Sairat]]''
|Suman Akka
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|''[[Vees Mhanje Vees]]''
|Zampya's mother
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|''[[Budhia Singh – Born to Run]]''
|Minister of Child Welfare
|Hindi
|
|
|-
|''Shirpa''
|
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|''Taleem''
|
|Marathi
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2017
|''Atumgiri''
|
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|[[Halal (film)|''Halal'']]
|
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|[[Hampi (film)|''Hampi'']]
|Ashabai
|Marathi
|
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2018
|''Zelya''
|
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|[[Nude (2018 film)|''Nude'']]
|Chandrakka
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|[[Redu (film)|''Redu'']]
|Chhaya
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|''Wagherya''
|
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|''[[Andhadhun]]''
|Sakhu Kaur
|Hindi
|
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2019
|''[[Bombay Rose]]''
|
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|''Rom Com''
|
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|''[[Satellite Shankar]]''
|
|Hindi
|
|
|-
|''[[Aatpadi Nights]]''
|
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|''Hutatma Season 2''
|Bhimabai Naik
|Marathi
|Web series
|{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |2020
|[[Kesari (2020 film)|''Kesari'']]
|
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|''Mere Sai - Shraddha Aur Saburi''
|
|Hindi
|TV Series
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
|''[[Antim: The Final Truth]]''
|Dhurpi Patil (Rahul's mother)
|Hindi
|
|
|-
|''[[Bigg Boss Marathi (season 3)]]''
|Herself
|Marathi
|Special appearance
|
|-
| rowspan="7" |2022
|''[[Nay Varanbhat Loncha Kon Nay Koncha]]''
|Bay Bikaji Chalke
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|''[[Soyrik]]''
|
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|''[[Gangubai Kathiawadi]]''
|Rashmibai
|Hindi
|
|
|-
|[[Jhund (film)|''Jhund'']]
|Ranjana Borade, Vijay Borade's Wife
|Hindi
|
|
|-
|''[[Kaun Pravin Tambe?]]''
|Jyothi Tambe, Pravin's mother
|Hindi
|
|{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}}
|-
|''Yere Yera Pausa''
|
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|''Bharat Maza Desh Aahe''
|
|Marathi
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bharat Majha Desh Ahe makers reveal film's cast |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2020/dec/18/28144/bharat-majha-desh-ahe-makers-reveal-film-s-cast |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2023
|''[[Sarla Ek Koti]]''
|Mathura Vakhre, Bhikaji's mother
|Marathi
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=फू बाई फू नंतर ओंकार भोजने काय करणार? अख्या महाराष्ट्राला पडलेल्या प्रश्नाचं इथं आहे उत्तर |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/maharashtrachi-hasya-jatra-and-and-fu-bai-fu-fame-actor-onkar-bhojane-upcoming-movie-sarla-ek-koti/articleshow/96168893.cms |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Pachuvum Athbutha Vilakkum]]''
|Nani
|Malayalam
|
|
|-
|''[[Safed (film)|Safed]]''
|Amma
|Hindi
|
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2024
|''[[Laapataa Ladies]]''
| Manju Mai
|Hindi
|
|<ref name=HTN>{{cite news |author= |date=16 May 2024 |title=This is a beautiful moment in my life: Chhaya Kadam on her journey from 'Laapataa Ladies' to Cannes |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/this-is-a-beautiful-moment-in-my-life-chhaya-kadam-on-her-journey-from-laapataa-ladies-to-cannes-101715835924060.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |access-date=17 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Madgaon Express]]''
|Kanchan Kombdi
|Hindi
|
|<ref name=HTN/>
|-
|''Bardovi''
|Akka
|Hindi
|
|
|-
| ''[[All We Imagine as Light]]'' ||Parvaty || [[Malayalam]]/ Hindi || || <ref>{{cite news |date=12 April 2024 |title=All We Imagine As Light: Indian film to compete for Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/lifes/all-we-imagine-as-light-indian-film-to-compete-for-palme-dor-at-the-cannes-film-festival/92551/1|work=Forbes India|access-date=17 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sister Midnight]]''
| Sheetal
| English
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2025
|''[[Sa La Te Sa La Na Te]]''
|Police Officer
|Marathi
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-20 |title=Photos: छाया कदम लवकरच 'या' चित्रपटात झळकणार; प्रथमच साकारणार 'ही' भूमिकेत |url=https://www.loksatta.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/4779879/marathi-actress-chhaya-kadam-upcoming-sa-la-te-sa-la-na-te-movie-police-officer-role-for-first-time-sdn-96/8/ |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|''Ek Chatur Naar''
|Radha
|Hindi
|
|
|-
|{{TableTBA}}
|''Privacy''
|
|Hindi
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy trailer: Rajshri Deshpande is a surveillance expert obsessed with keeping a watchful eye on others |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/privacy-trailer-rajshri-deshpande-is-a-surveillance-expert-obsessed-with-keeping-a-watchful-eye-on-others/cid/1945775 |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date=October 2024}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Work
!Award
!Category
!Result
!Ref
|-
| Rowspan="2" |2016
|''[[Sairat]]''
|[[Filmfare Awards Marathi]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Marathi]]
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|''[[Sairat]]''
|[[Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]]
|[[MFK Award for Favourite Supporting Actress]]
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|2018
|[[Nude (2018 film)|''Nude'']]
|[[Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]]
|[[MFK Award for Favourite Supporting Actress]]
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|2018
|[[Nude (2018 film)|''Nude'']]
| rowspan="2" |[[Maharashtra State Film Awards]]
|[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-10 |title=दिमाखात पार पडला ५५ वा महाराष्ट्र मराठी चित्रपट पुरस्कार सोहळा |url=https://www.loksatta.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/1671617/55th-maharashtra-state-marathi-film-awards-distribution-celebrated/ |access-date=2025-11-25 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|''[[Redu (film)|Redu]]''
|[[Maharashtra State Film Award (Special Jury Award)|Special Jury Award]]
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-30 |title=54 व्या महाराष्ट्र राज्य मराठी चित्रपट पुरस्कारांची घोषणा |url=https://www.lokmat.com/maharashtra/54th-maharashtra-state-marathi-film-awards/ |access-date=2025-11-25 |website=Lokmat |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|''[[Aatpadi Nights]]''
|[[Filmfare Awards Marathi]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Marathi]]
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-03-01 |title=5th Planet Filmfare Marathi Awards 2020: Complete winners’ list |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/5th-planet-filmfare-marathi-awards-2020-complete-winners-list/articleshow/81246533.cms |access-date=2025-11-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''[[Laapataa Ladies]]''
|[[Filmfare Awards]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress]]
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominations for The 70th Hyundai Filmfare Awards 2025 With Gujarat Tourism: Full List Out |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-70th-hyundai-filmfare-awards-2025-with-gujarat-tourism-full-list-out-78037.html |access-date=2025-11-25 |website=Filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Marathi actresses]]

List of Tamil films of 2024

2026-04-04T15:14:33Z

DessieIqj504: put up entry

{{Short description|none}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Tamil films}}

This is a list of [[Tamil cinema]] films released in 2024.

== Box office collection ==
The following is the [[list of highest-grossing Tamil films|list of highest-grossing Tamil cinema films]] released in 2024. The rank of the films in the following table depends on the estimate of worldwide collections as reported by organizations classified as green by Wikipedia.{{efn|See [[WP:RSP]], [[WP:ICTFSOURCES]]}} There is no official tracking of [[List of highest-grossing films in India|domestic box office figures]] within India.

:{{legend|#b6fcb6|size=50%|''Background shading indicates that a film is currently showing in theatres worldwide.''}}
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto; margin:auto;"
|+ {{Screen reader-only|Highest grossing Tamil cinema films of 2024}}
|-
!Rank{{efn-lg|name="ro"|Sorted based on the lowest value when figures are presented as a range, and for the same value, the older item is given a higher order.}}
!Title
!Production company
!Worldwide gross
!class="sortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
!1
|''[[The Greatest of All Time]]''
|[[AGS Entertainment]]
|align="right" |₹440–456 crore
|style="text-align:center;" |{{efn|name="goat"|''GOAT''{{'}}s reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹440 crore (''[[Box Office India]]'';<ref>{{cite web |title=Devara All India Box Office Collections - 260 Cr Nett Plus - Box Office India |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=8754 |website=www.boxofficeindia.com |access-date=22 August 2025}}</ref> ''[[The Hans India]]''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sistu |first1=Suhas |title=OTT update: Thalapathy Vijay's 'The GOAT' to Stream on Netflix from October 3rd |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/ott-web-series/ott-update-thalapathy-vijays-the-goat-to-stream-on-netflix-from-october-3rd-911066 |website=www.thehansindia.com |access-date=22 August 2025 |language=en |date=1 October 2024}}</ref>) – ₹452 crore (''[[The Economic Times]]'';<ref>{{cite web |title=GOAT OTT release leaves some Vijay fans disappointed. Director Venkat Prabhu drops hint about extended cut |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/goat-ott-release-leaves-some-vijay-fans-disappointed-director-venkat-prabhu-drops-hint-about-extended-cut/articleshow/113931012.cms?from=mdr |website=The Economic Times |access-date=22 August 2025 |date=4 October 2024}}</ref> ''[[NDTV]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=''The Greatest of All Time'' to stream on Netflix from October 3 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/the-greatest-of-all-time-to-stream-on-netflix-from-october-3-6690112 |website=NDTV |access-date=22 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref>) – ₹460 crore (''[[Filmfare]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Thalapathy Vijay To Shoot for Venkat Prabhu's GOAT VS OG In 2027? {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/south/thalapathy-vijay-to-shoot-for-venkat-prabhus-goat-vs-og-in-2027_-72175.html |website=www.filmfare.com |access-date=22 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref>)}}
|-
!2
| ''[[Amaran (2024 film)|Amaran]]''
|{{Ubl|[[Raaj Kamal Films International]]|[[Sony Pictures India|Sony Pictures Films India]]}}
| align="right" |₹300–335 crore
| style="text-align:center;" |{{efn|name=Amaran| ''Amaran''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between {{INR}}300 crore (''[[Dinamani]]'' <ref>{{cite web |title=இந்தாண்டில் அதிகம் வசூலித்த தமிழ்ப் படங்கள்! |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2024/Dec/24/top-collection-movies-tamil |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Dinamani}}</ref> and ''[[Ramoji Group#ETV Bharat|ETV Bharat]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=அமரன் படம் திரையிடப்பட்ட தியேட்டரில் பெட்ரோல் வெடிகுண்டு வீசிய வழக்கு: ஒருவர் தேசிய பாதுகாப்பு சட்டத்தில் கைது! |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/ta/!state/person-arrested-in-national-security-act-in-amaran-movie-theatre-bombing-in-tirunelveli-tamil-nadu-news-tns25030801699 |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=ETV Bharat}}</ref>) to {{INR}}335 crore (''[[Pinkvilla]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-25 |title=Year Ender 2024: Top 10 highest-grossing Kollywood movies at worldwide box office |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/year-end-2024-top-10-highest-grossing-kollywood-movies-at-worldwide-box-office-1362528 |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref>)}}
|-
!3
|''[[Vettaiyan]]''
|[[Lyca Productions]]
| align="right" |₹250 crore
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-25 |last=Srinivasan |first=Latha |title=Vettaiyan OTT release: Rajinikanth-starrer all set to premiere on November 7? |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/vettaiyan-ott-release-rajinikanth-starrer-all-set-to-premiere-on-november-7-heres-what-we-know-101729836325060.html |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=2024-10-27}}</ref>

|-
!4
| [[Maharaja (2024 film)|''Maharaja'']]
|{{Ubl|The Route|[[Think Music|Think Studios]]|Passion Studios}}
| align="right" |₹190 crore
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-09 |title=Maharaja China Box Office Update: Vijay Sethupathi starrer emerges TRIUMPHANT; Betters 1st weekend collections in 2nd, to take cume to Rs 57 crore in 10 days |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/maharaja-china-box-office-update-vijay-sethupathi-starrer-emerges-triumphant-betters-1st-weekend-collections-in-2nd-to-take-cume-to-rs-57-crore-in-10-days-1361898 |access-date=2025-01-09 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-05 |title=Vijay Sethupathi's Maharaja breaks box office records in China, eyes Rs 100 crore |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vijay-sethupathi-maharaja-breaks-box-office-records-china-rs-100-crore-club-2660081-2025-01-05 |access-date=2025-01-09 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2025-01-07 |title=Vijay Sethupathi's Maharaja inches close to Rs 100 crore in China |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Jan/07/vijay-sethupathis-maharaja-inches-close-to-rs-100-crore-in-china |access-date=2025-01-09 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
!5
|''[[Indian 2]]''
|{{Ubl|Lyca Productions|[[Red Giant Movies]]}}
|align="right" |₹151 crore
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/indian-2-worldwide-closing-box-office-collections-kamal-haasan-shankar-film-is-a-colossal-disaster-1338607|first=Jatinder|last=Singh|title=Indian 2 worldwide closing box office collections: Kamal Haasan, Shankar film is a colossal DISASTER|website=[[Pinkvilla]]|date=13 August 2024|access-date=2024-08-16}}</ref>
|-
!6
|''[[Raayan]]''
|[[Sun Pictures]]
| align="right" |₹150–160 crore
| style="text-align:center;" |{{efn|name=raayan|''Raayan''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹150 crore (''[[Pinkvilla]]''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-08-13 |last=Jogani |first=Rishil |title=7 Dhanush's Highest Grossing Movies: Raayan tops |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/dhanushs-highest-grossing-movies-1338572 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |access-date=2024-10-28 |archive-date=2024-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813084010/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/dhanushs-highest-grossing-movies-1338572 |url-status=live}}</ref>) to ₹153 crore (''[[Pinkvilla]]''<ref name="Pinkvilla2024"/>) to ₹160 crore (''[[News 18]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-28 |title=Dhanush-starrer Raayan Now The Highest Grossing Tamil Film Of 2024 |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/dhanush-starrer-raayan-now-the-highest-grossing-tamil-film-of-2024-9030332.html |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref>)}}
|-
!7
|''[[Aranmanai 4]]''
|{{Ubl|[[Avni Cinemax]]|Benzz Media (P) Ltd}}
| align="right" |₹100.50 crore
| style="text-align:center;" |{{efn|''Aranmanai 4''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹100 crore (''Film Companion''<ref>{{cite web | title=Aranmanai 4 OTT Release Details Out | website=Film Companion | date=3 June 2024 | url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/news/aranmanai-4-ott-release-details-out | access-date=29 October 2024}}</ref>) to ₹100.50 crore (''[[Pinkvilla]]''<ref>{{cite web |last=Singh |first=Jatinder |title=Aranmanai 4 box office collections: Tamannah, Sundar C starrer Tops 100 Crore Worldwide |website=Pinkvilla |date=June 10, 2024 |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/aranmanai-4-box-office-collections-tamannah-sundar-c-starrer-tops-100-crore-worldwide-1314948 |access-date=June 10, 2024 |archive-date=10 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610075608/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/aranmanai-4-box-office-collections-tamannah-sundar-c-starrer-tops-100-crore-worldwide-1314948 |url-status=live }}</ref>) to ₹101 crore (''Pinkvilla''<ref name="Pinkvilla2024">{{Cite web |date=2024-12-27 |title=Year Ender 2024: Top 10 highest-grossing Kollywood movies at worldwide box office |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/year-ender-2024-top-10-highest-grossing-kollywood-movies-at-worldwide-box-office-1364472 |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref>))}}
|-
!8
| ''[[Kanguva]]''
|{{Ubl|[[Studio Green]]|UV Creations}}
| align="right" |₹96–106 crore
| style="text-align:center;" |{{efn|name=kanguva|''Kanguva''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹96 crore (''[[Pinkvilla]]''<ref name="Pinkvilla2024"/>) to ₹96.25 crore (''Pinkvilla''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-29 |title=Kanguva Final Box Office Collections Worldwide: Suriya's mystical period drama wraps theatrical run at disappointing Rs 96 crore |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/kanguva-final-box-office-collections-worldwide-suriyas-mystical-period-drama-wraps-theatrical-run-at-disappointing-rs-96-crore-1360584 |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref>) to ₹104.22 crore (''English Jagran''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-30 |title=Kanguva Box Office Report: Shutterdown For Suriya, Bobby Deol Starrer Tamil Movie After It Miserably Fails At Ticket Windows |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/kanguva-box-office-report-shutterdown-for-suriya-bobby-deol-starrer-tamil-movie-after-it-miserably-fails-at-ticket-windows-10204049|access-date=2024-11-30 |website=[[Dainik Jagran]] |language=en}}</ref>) to ₹106 crore (''[[Hindustan Times]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kanguva OTT release: Suriya, Bobby Deol film streams within a month of release post poor box office performance|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/kanguva-ott-release-suriya-bobby-deol-film-streams-within-a-month-of-release-post-poor-box-office-performance-101733477431816.html|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=6 December 2024}}</ref>)}}
|-
!9
|''[[Demonte Colony 2]]''
|{{Ubl|BTG Universal|White Nights Entertainments}}
| align="right" |₹85 crore
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web | last=पंवार | first=रोज़ी | title=Demonte Colony 2: बीस करोड़ में कमाए 85 करोड़, ओटीटी पर रिलीज हो चुकी है साउथ की ये हॉरर फिल्म, 50 दिन बाद भी थिएटर्स में जलवा | website=ndtv.in | date=3 October 2024 | url=https://ndtv.in/bollywood/earned-85-crores-in-20-crores-budget-this-south-horror-film-demonte-colony-has-been-released-on-zee5-still-running-in-theaters-after-50-days-6705241 | language=hi | access-date=17 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
!10
|''[[Ayalaan]]''
|KJR Studios
|align="right" |₹80 crore
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Pinkvilla2024"/>
|}

== January–March ==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!colspan="2" |Opening
!style="width:20%;" |Title
!Director
!Cast
!Production company
!class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
|rowspan="14" style="text-align:center;background:#ffa07a;textcolor:#000;" |'''J A N'''
|rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdacc;" |'''5'''
|''[[Aranam]]''
|Piriyan
|Piriyan, Varsha Saravanakumar, Lagubaran, Keerthana Kannadasan
|Thamizh Thiraikkoodam
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-details/aranam/movieshow/105390113.cms |title=Aranam Tamil Movie 2024 |date=5 January 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |access-date=5 January 2024 |archive-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522000445/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-details/aranam/movieshow/105390113.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Enga Veetla Party''
|K. Suresh Kanna
|Saasana Sivaprakash, K. Suresh Kanna
|PRS Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/enga-veetla-party/ET00382497 |title=Enga Veetla Party Tamil Movie 2024 |date=5 January 2024 |work=Book My Show |language=en |access-date=5 January 2024 |archive-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522000426/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/enga-veetla-party/ET00382497 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kumbaari]]''
|Kevin Joseph
|[[Vijay Vishwa]], Mahana Sanjeevi, [[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]], [[John Vijay]]
|Royal Enterprises
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-details/kumbaari/movieshow/106510137.cms |title=Kumbaari Tamil Movie 2024 |date=5 January 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |access-date=5 January 2024 |archive-date=4 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104052037/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-details/kumbaari/movieshow/106510137.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdacc;" |'''12'''
|''[[Ayalaan]]''
|[[R. Ravikumar]]
|[[Sivakarthikeyan]], [[Rakul Preet Singh]], [[Sharad Kelkar]], [[Isha Koppikar]]
|KJR Studios, Phantom FX Studios
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 January 2024 |title='Ayalaan' social media review: Sivakarthikeyan starrer takes fans on a fun ride |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ayalaan-social-media-review-sivakarthikeyan-starrer-takes-fans-on-a-fun-ride/articleshow/106752312.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112064559/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ayalaan-social-media-review-sivakarthikeyan-starrer-takes-fans-on-a-fun-ride/articleshow/106752312.cms |archive-date=12 January 2024 |access-date=12 January 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Captain Miller (film)|Captain Miller]]''
|[[Arun Matheswaran]]
|[[Dhanush]], [[Priyanka Mohan]], [[Shiva Rajkumar]], [[Sundeep Kishan]]
|[[Sathya Jyothi Films]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/081123/dhanushs-captain-miller-joins-sankranthi-race.html |title=Captain Miller Release Date Locked |date=8 November 2023 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en |access-date=13 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112083616/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/081123/dhanushs-captain-miller-joins-sankranthi-race.html |archive-date=12 November 2023}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mission: Chapter 1]]''
|[[A. L. Vijay]]
|[[Arun Vijay]], [[Amy Jackson]], [[Nimisha Sajayan]], Abi Hassan
|[[Lyca Productions]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title='Mission: Chapter 1' trailer: Arun Vijay's film promises a high-octane action thriller |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/mission-chapter-1-trailer-arun-vijays-film-promises-a-high-octane-action-thriller/articleshow/106576131.cms?from=mdr |date=9 May 2024 |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=5 January 2024 |archive-date=6 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106190546/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/mission-chapter-1-trailer-arun-vijays-film-promises-a-high-octane-action-thriller/articleshow/106576131.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Sevappi]]''
|M S Raaja
|Rishikanth, [[Poornima Ravi]], Shravan Athvethan, Sebastin Antony
|Erumbugal Network
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bigg-boss-tamil-fame-poornima-ravi-shines-in-sevappi-poster-promises-a-heartwarming-tale-8719037.html |title=Bigg Boss Tamil Fame Poornima Ravi Shines In Sevappi Poster, Promises A Heartwarming Tale |date=27 December 2023 |website=News18 |language=en-US |access-date=6 January 2024 |archive-date=6 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106030610/https://www.news18.com/movies/bigg-boss-tamil-fame-poornima-ravi-shines-in-sevappi-poster-promises-a-heartwarming-tale-8719037.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdacc;" |'''25'''
|''[[Blue Star (film)|Blue Star]]''
|S. Jayakumar
|[[Ashok Selvan]], [[Shanthanu Bhagyaraj]], [[Keerthi Pandian]], [[Prithvi Rajan]]
|Neelam Productions, Lemon Leaf Creation Pvt Ltd
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Ashok Selvan and Shantanu Bhagyaraj's 'Blue Star' to release on January 25 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ashok-selvan-and-shantanu-bhagyarajs-blue-star-to-release-on-january-25/articleshow/106596067.cms?from=mdr |date=6 January 2024 |access-date=6 January 2024 |language=en |newspaper=The Times of India |archive-date=6 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106190819/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ashok-selvan-and-shantanu-bhagyarajs-blue-star-to-release-on-january-25/articleshow/106596067.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mudakkaruthaan]]''
|K. Veerababu
|K. Veerababu, Mahana, [[Super Subbarayan]], [[Mayilsamy]]
|Vayal Movies
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Mudakkaruthaan (2024) - Movie, Reviews, Cast & Release Date |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/madurai/movies/mudakkaruthaan/ET00384547 |access-date=24 January 2024 |archive-date=24 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124002304/https://in.bookmyshow.com/madurai/movies/mudakkaruthaan/ET00384547 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Singapore Saloon]]''
|[[Gokul (director)|Gokul]]
|[[RJ Balaji]], [[Meenakshi Chaudhary]], [[Sathyaraj]], [[Lal (actor)|Lal]]
|[[Ishari K. Ganesh|Vels Film International Ltd]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiaherald.com/Movies/Read/994665500/Singapore-Saloon-crew-announces-release-date |title="Singapore Saloon" crew announces release date..!? |date=6 January 2024 |access-date=6 January 2024 |newspaper=India Herald |language=en |archive-date=6 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106190547/https://www.indiaherald.com/Movies/Read/994665500/Singapore-Saloon-crew-announces-release-date |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Thookudurai]]''
|Dennis Manjunath
|[[Yogi Babu]], [[Ineya]], Mahesh Subramaniam, [[Rajendran]]
|Open Gate Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Thookuduari (2024) - Movie, Reviews, Cast & Release Date |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/thookudurai/ET00383370 |access-date=15 January 2024 |archive-date=15 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115161638/https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/thookudurai/ET00383370 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdacc;" |'''26'''
|''[[Local Sarakku]]''
|[[S. P. Rajkumar]]
|[[Yogi Babu]], [[Dinesh (choreographer)|Dinesh]], Upasana RC, [[Chaams]]
|Discover studios, Varaha Swamy Films
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Local Sarakku (2024) - Movie, Reviews, Cast & Release Date |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/local-sarakku/ET00384088 |access-date=20 January 2024 |archive-date=20 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120033626/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/local-sarakku/ET00384088 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''Niyathi''
|Naveen Kumar
|Naveen Kumar, Anjana Babu, Theni Murugan
|Genius Film Company
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=maalaimalar |date=27 January 2024 |title=Niyathi |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/niyathi-157685 |access-date=27 March 2024 |website=maalaimalar.com |language=ta |archive-date=27 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327201407/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/niyathi-157685 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Tha Naa''
|A. Vasanth Kumar
|VR Vinayak, Vaishnavi, [[Manobala]], [[Mahanadi Shankar]]
|M.S Banana Films
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/tha-naa/ET00384822 |title=Tha Naa (2024) - Movie, Reviews, Cast & Release Date |access-date=27 January 2024 |archive-date=27 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240127082523/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/tha-naa/ET00384822 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="21" style="text-align:center; background:#dcc7df; textcolor:#000;" |'''F E B'''
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef;"|'''2'''
|''[[Chiclets (film)|Chiclets]]''{{efn-lg|name="tt"|The film was produced in both the Tamil and Telugu languages, according to the filmmakers.}}
|Muthu M.
|Sathvik Varma, Nayan Karishma, Jack Robin Son, [[Sriman (actor)|Sriman]]
|SSB Films
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Chiclets (2024) - Movie, Reviews, Cast & Release Date |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/chiclets/ET00385155 |access-date=29 January 2024 |archive-date=29 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129114409/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/chiclets/ET00385155 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Devil (2024 film)|Devil]]''
|Aathityaa
|[[Vidharth]], [[Shamna Kasim|Poorna]], [[Thrigun]], Subhashree Rayaguru
|Maruthi Films, H Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajendran |first=Gopinath |date=2024-02-03 |title='Devil' movie review: A couple's marriage and our patience get tested in this genre-bending mess |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/devil-movie-review-a-couples-marriage-and-our-patience-get-tested-in-this-genre-bending-mess/article67807391.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240729051729/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/devil-movie-review-a-couples-marriage-and-our-patience-get-tested-in-this-genre-bending-mess/article67807391.ece |archive-date=29 July 2024 |access-date=2024-04-05 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Marakkuma Nenjam]]''
|Raako.Yoagandran
|[[Rakshan]], [[Dheena (actor)|Dheena]], Malina, [[Munishkanth]]
|Filia Entertainment Pvt Ltd
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Marakkuma Nenjam (2024) - Movie, Reviews, Cast & Release Date |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/coimbatore/movies/marakkuma-nenjam/ET00383164 |access-date=15 January 2024 |archive-date=15 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115162912/https://in.bookmyshow.com/coimbatore/movies/marakkuma-nenjam/ET00383164 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Vadakkupatti Ramasamy]]''
|Karthik Yogi
|[[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]], [[Megha Akash]], [[M. S. Bhaskar]], [[John Vijay]]
|People Media Factory
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Santhanam's Vadakkupatti Ramasamy gets release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/jan/07/santhanams-vadakkupatti-ramasamy-gets-release-date-51030.html |date=7 January 2024 |access-date=8 January 2024 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=19 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119105651/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/jan/07/santhanams-vadakkupatti-ramasamy-gets-release-date-51030.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef;"|'''9'''
|''[[E-mail (film)|E-mail]]''
|SR Rajan
|[[Ragini Dwivedi]], [[Ashok Kumar (Tamil actor)|Ashok Kumar]], Aadhav Balaji, [[Manobala]]
|SR Film Factory
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |title=E-mail Movie Review : A guilty pleasure among guilty pleasures that feels like a poorly written email |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/e-mail/movie-review/107575215.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=12 February 2024 |archive-date=13 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213025449/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/e-mail/movie-review/107575215.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ippadiku Kadhal]]''
|Bharath Mohan
|[[Bharath (actor)|Bharath]], [[Janani (actress)|Janani]], Sonakshi Singh Rawat, [[Bagavathi Perumal]]
|Meraki Entertainment
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Ippadiku Kadhal Movie Review: A lackadaisical story on finding love after grief |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/ott/review/2024/feb/10/ippadiku-kadhal-movie-review-a-lackadaisical-story-on-finding-love-after-grief-51934.html |language=en |access-date=8 February 2024 |date=7 February 2024 |website=Cinema Express |archive-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522000423/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/ott/review/2024/feb/10/ippadiku-kadhal-movie-review-a-lackadaisical-story-on-finding-love-after-grief-51934.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Lal Salaam (2024 film)|Lal Salaam]]''
|[[Aishwarya Rajinikanth]]
|[[Rajinikanth]], [[Vishnu Vishal]], [[Vikranth]], Ananthika Sanilkumar
|[[Lyca Productions]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Rajinikanth's Lal Salaam not releasing for Pongal. New release date announced |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/rajinikanths-lal-salaam-not-releasing-for-pongal-new-release-date-announced-9101938/ |newspaper=The New Indian Express |language=en |date=9 January 2024 |access-date=9 January 2024 |archive-date=9 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109125357/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/rajinikanths-lal-salaam-not-releasing-for-pongal-new-release-date-announced-9101938/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Lover (2024 film)|Lover]]''
|Prabhuram Vyas
|[[K. Manikandan|Manikandan]], Sri Gouri Priya, [[Kanna Ravi]], Harish Kumar
|Million Dollar Studios, MRP Entertainment
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajendran |first=Gopinath |date=2024-02-09 |title='Lover' movie review: Manikandan and Sri Gouri Priya shoulder an intense yet intriguing relationship drama |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/lover-movie-review-manikandan-and-sri-gouri-priya-shoulder-an-intense-yet-intriguing-relationship-drama/article67829211.ece |access-date=2024-04-05 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef;"|'''16'''
|''Aanthai''
|Millat Ahmad
|Vikkas, Yazhini, Bayilvan Ranganathan, Raghul Thatha
|Zee6 Movies
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Aanthai (2024) - Movie, Reviews, Cast & Release Date |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/aanthai/ET00387556 |access-date=16 February 2024 |archive-date=16 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216023221/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/aanthai/ET00387556 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Eppodhum Raja]]''
|H. Murugan
|Viji, Deplina, Lion kumar
|Green Channel Movies
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=maalaimalar |date=20 February 2024 |title=Eppodhum Raja |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/eppodhum-raja-157867 |access-date=27 March 2024 |website=maalaimalar.com |language=ta |archive-date=27 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327201409/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/eppodhum-raja-157867 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Ettum Varai Ettu''
|VelWishvaa
|Nandhakumar, Prathyankira Rose, [[Aadukalam Naren]]
|ESB Creation
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Ettum Varai Ettu (2024) - Movie, Reviews, Cast & Release Date |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/ettum-varai-ettu/ET00387501 |access-date=16 February 2024 |archive-date=16 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216023220/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/ettum-varai-ettu/ET00387501 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''Kazhu Maram''
|[[Kottachi|Kottachi Annamagan]]
|Kottachi Annamagan, Pandi Selvam, [[Benjamin (actor)|Benjamin]], Tamil Bharathi
|Yourbackers Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=maalaimalar |date=19 February 2024 |title=kazhumaram |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/kazhumaram-157816 |access-date=27 March 2024 |website=maalaimalar.com |language=ta |archive-date=27 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327201408/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/kazhumaram-157816 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Siren (2024 film)|Siren]]''
|Antony Bhagyaraj
|[[Jayam Ravi]], [[Keerthy Suresh]], [[Anupama Parameswaran]], [[Samuthirakani]]
|Home Movie Makers
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Upcoming Movies in February 2024: Lal Salaam to Siren |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/upcoming-movies-tamil-2024-lal-salaam-siren-to-release-in-february-article-107170739#:~:text=Siren%20(February%2016),a%20prisoner%20in%20the%20movie. |language=en |date=26 January 2024 |access-date=28 January 2024 |website=Times Now News |archive-date=28 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128014341/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/upcoming-movies-tamil-2024-lal-salaam-siren-to-release-in-february-article-107170739#:~:text=Siren%20(February%2016),a%20prisoner%20in%20the%20movie. |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="8" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef;"|'''23'''
|''[[Birthmark (film)|Birthmark]]''
|Vikram Shreedharan
|[[Shabeer Kallarakkal]]. [[Mirnaa Menon]], [[P. R. Varalakshmi]], Indirajith
|Sapiens Entertainment
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Birthmark Movie Review : A film to remember rather than reminisce which does have conviction but isn't coherent |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/birthmark/movie-review/107906804.cms |access-date=25 February 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=24 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224165852/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/birthmark/movie-review/107906804.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Byri]]''
|John Glady
|Syed Majeed, Meghana Ellen, Viji Sekar, John Glady
|DK Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/byri/movie-review/107932342.cms |title=Byri Movie Review : Raw, rooted and chaotic, but crude performances are a let down |work=The Times of India |access-date=23 March 2024 |archive-date=23 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323024249/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/byri/movie-review/107932342.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Glassmates''
|Sharavana Shakthi
|Angaiyarkannan, [[Mayilsamy]], Ayali Abi Nakshatra, [[Aruldoss]]
|Mughavai Films International
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Glassmates (2024) - Movie, Reviews, Cast & Release Date |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/glassmates/ET00372199 |access-date=1 February 2024 |archive-date=1 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201015338/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/glassmates/ET00372199 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ninaivellam Neeyada]]''
|Aadhiraajan
|[[Prajin|Prajan]], [[Manisha Yadav]], Sinamikaa, Yuvalakshmi
|Lekha Theatres
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/ninaivellam-neeyada/movie-review/107964523.cms |title=Ninaivellam Neeyada Movie Review : An overlong romantic drama filled with superfluous and silly moments |work=The Times of India |access-date=17 April 2024 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309020733/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/ninaivellam-neeyada/movie-review/107964523.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Operation Laila''
|[[A. Venkatesh (director)|A. Venkatesh]]
|[[Srikanth (actor, born 1979)|Srikanth]], [[Sidhika Sharma]], [[Imman Annachi]], [[Vincent Asokan]]
|Selrin Production
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Operation Laila (2024) - Movie, Reviews, Cast & Release Date |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/operation-laila/ET00387717 |access-date=16 February 2024 |archive-date=16 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216151756/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/operation-laila/ET00387717 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Pambattam]]''
|[[V. C. Vadivudaiyan]]
|[[Jeevan (Tamil actor)|Jeevan]], [[Mallika Sherawat]], [[Suman (actor)|Suman]], [[Rittika Sen]]
|Vaithiyanathan Film Garden
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/pambattam/movie-review/107932454.cms |title=Pambattam Movie Review : A 'so bad it's good' movie that's jaded and even unintentionally comical |work=The Times of India |access-date=23 March 2024 |archive-date=26 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226082253/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/pambattam/movie-review/107932454.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ranam Aram Thavarel]]''
|Sherief
|[[Vaibhav Reddy|Vaibhav]], [[Nandita Swetha]], [[Tanya Hope]], Suresh Chakravrthy
|Mithun Mithra Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Vaibhav's 'Ranam', an investigation thriller releasing soon |date=17 April 2023 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2023/apr/17/vaibhavs-ranam-an-investigation-thriller-2566508.html |access-date=10 January 2024 |archive-date=24 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124061714/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2023/Apr/17/vaibhavs-ranam-an-investigation-thriller-2566508.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Vithaikkaaran]]''
|Venki
|[[Sathish]], Simran Gupta, [[Anandaraj]], [[Madhusudhan Rao (actor)|Madhusudhan Rao]]
|White Carpet Films
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vithaikkaaran/movie-review/107941927.cms |title=Vithaikkaaran Movie Review : This Sathish-starrer falls a little short of solid entertainer status |work=The Times of India |access-date=23 March 2024 |archive-date=23 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323025754/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vithaikkaaran/movie-review/107941927.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="24" style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98; textcolor:#000;" |'''M A R'''
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#a8e4bc;" |'''1'''
|''[[Athomugam]]''
|Sunil Dev
|S. P. Siddarth, Chaitanya Pratap, [[Anant Nag]], Sarithiran
|Reel Petti
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/athomugam/ET00389109 |title=Athomugam (2024) - Movie, Reviews, Cast & Release Date |access-date=28 February 2024 |archive-date=28 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228105959/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/athomugam/ET00389109 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''Ayyayoh''
|Sivaganesan, Rajeswari Bagyaraj, Harikumar Rajan
|Bagyaraj, Sivasubramanya Deepak, Anslana Harikumar, Ajumalna Azad
|Dark Hall Visual Treat, Leo Giant Movies
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/ayyayoh/ET00389268 |title=Ayyayoh (2024) - Movie, Reviews, Cast & Release Date |access-date=29 February 2024 |archive-date=29 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229083302/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/ayyayoh/ET00389268 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Joshua: Imai Pol Kaakha]]''
|[[Gautham Vasudev Menon]]
|[[Varun (actor)|Varun]], [[Krishna (Tamil actor)|Krishna]], Raahei, [[Dhivyadharshini]]
|[[Ishari K. Ganesh|Vels Film International Ltd]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Gautham Vasudev Menon's Joshua Imai Pol Kaakha gets release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/feb/16/gautham-vasudev-menons-joshua-imai-polkaakhagets-release-date-52104.html |website=Cinema Express |date=16 February 2024 |access-date=16 February 2024 |language=en |archive-date=17 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217031930/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/feb/16/gautham-vasudev-menons-joshua-imai-polkaakhagets-release-date-52104.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Sathamindri Mutham Tha]]''
|Raj Dev
|[[Srikanth (actor, born 1979)|Srikanth]], [[Priyanka Thimmesh]], [[Hareesh Peradi]], Viaan Mangalaserry
|Celebright Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2024/Mar/01/satham-indri-mutham-tha-movie-review-an-invested-srikanth-cant-salvage-this-amateurish-thriller-52530.html |title=Satham Indri Mutham Tha Movie Review: An invested Srikanth can't salvage this amateurish thriller |first=Jayabhuvaneshwari |last=B |date=1 March 2024 |website=Cinema Express |access-date=24 March 2024 |archive-date=23 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323090419/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2024/Mar/01/satham-indri-mutham-tha-movie-review-an-invested-srikanth-cant-salvage-this-amateurish-thriller-52530.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; background:#a8e4bc;"|'''8'''
|''[[Arimapatti Sakthivel]]''
|Ramesh Kandhasamy
|[[Charle]], Pavan K, Meghana Ellen, [[Imman Annachi]]
|Life Cycle Creations
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/arimapatti-sakthivel/ET00390041 |title=Arimapatti Sakthivel (2024) - Movie, Reviews, Cast & Release Date |access-date=6 March 2024 |archive-date=11 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311045011/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/arimapatti-sakthivel/ET00390041 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Guardian (2024 film)|Guardian]]''
|Sabari, Gurusaravanan
|[[Hansika Motwani]], [[Suresh Menon]], [[Sriman (actor)|Sriman]], [[Rajendran]]
|Film Works
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Radhakrishnan |first=Roopa |date=8 March 2024 |title=Guardian Movie Review : An insipid film with threadbare antagonists and unintentionally comical scares |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/guardian/movie-review/108318106.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308095329/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/guardian/movie-review/108318106.cms |archive-date=8 March 2024 |access-date=10 March 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[J Baby]]''
|Suresh Mari
|[[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]], [[Attakathi Dinesh]], [[Lollu Sabha Maaran]], Kavitha Bharathy
|[[Pa. Ranjith|Neelam Productions]], Vistas Media
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Urvashi and Attakathi Dinesh-starrer family drama J Baby locks its release date in March |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/urvashi-and-attakathi-dinesh-starrer-family-drama-j-baby-locks-its-release-date-in-march/6c0e9a46a5355 |date=11 February 2024 |access-date=11 February 2024 |language=en |website=OTTPlay |archive-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522000528/https://www.ottplay.com/news/urvashi-and-attakathi-dinesh-starrer-family-drama-j-baby-locks-its-release-date-in-march/6c0e9a46a5355 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Nalla Perai Vaanga Vendum Pillaigale]]''
|Prasad Ramar
|Senthur Pandiyan, Preethy Karan, Suresh Mathiyazhagan, [[Poornima Ravi]]
|[[Pradeep Kumar (musician)|Poorvaa Productions]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=B |first=Jayabhuvaneshwari |date=8 March 2024 |title=Nalla Perai Vaanga Vendum Pillaigale Movie Review: A relatable, non-preachy exploration of modern relationships |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2024/Mar/08/nalla-perai-vaanga-vendum-pillaigale-movie-review-a-relatable-non-preachy-exploration-of-modern-relationships |access-date=9 March 2024 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522000428/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2024/Mar/08/nalla-perai-vaanga-vendum-pillaigale-movie-review-a-relatable-non-preachy-exploration-of-modern-relationships |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Singappenney (film)|Singappenney]]''
|JSB Sathish
|[[Shilpa Manjunath]], Aarthi Saravana Kumar, [[A. Venkatesh (director)|A. Venkatesh]], [[Prem Kumar (Tamil actor)|Prem Kumar]]
|JSB Film Studios
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |first=Roopa |last=Radhakrishnan |title=Singappenney Movie Review : An authentic and well-intentioned film that triumphs in its portrayal of sports |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/singappenney/movie-review/108346642.cms |access-date=11 March 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=9 March 2024 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309120926/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/singappenney/movie-review/108346642.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Unarvugal Thodarkadhai]]''
|Balu Sharma
|[[Hrishikesh (actor)|Hrishikesh]], Sherlin Seth, RJ Ajai Titus, [[Sriranjani (Tamil actress)|Sriranjani]]
|Super Talkies
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/unarvugal-thodarkadhai/movie-review/108382844.cms |title=Unarvugal Thodarkadhai Movie Review : A generic watch without emotional depth that's content with being surface-level |work=The Times of India |access-date=17 April 2024 |archive-date=27 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327141647/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/unarvugal-thodarkadhai/movie-review/108382844.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#a8e4bc;"|'''15'''
|''Aaraichi''
|Ravi Selvan
|Anish, Muthu Priyan, [[Manishajith]]
|Paper Pena Cinema
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/aaraichi/ET00391209 |title=Aaraichi (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |access-date=14 March 2024 |archive-date=14 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314065108/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/aaraichi/ET00391209 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Amigo Garage]]''
|Prasanth Nagarajan
|[[Mahendran (actor)|Master Mahendran]], [[G. M. Sundar]], Athira Raj, Deepa Balu
|People Production House
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/amigo-garage/movie-review/108524073.cms |title=Amigo Garage Movie Review : A middling gangster drama that also works as a watchable cautionary tale |work=The Times of India |access-date=17 March 2024 |archive-date=15 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315151518/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/amigo-garage/movie-review/108524073.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Kaaduvetty''
|Solai Arumugam
|[[R. K. Suresh]], [[Subramaniam Siva]], [[Aadukalam Murugadoss]], Aadhira Pandilakshmi
|Manjal Screens
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/tamil/kaaduvetty-review-a-film-that-fails-to-make-an-impression-review-108523770 |title=Kaaduvetty Review: A Film That Fails To Make An Impression |date=15 March 2024 |website=TimesNow |access-date=17 March 2024 |archive-date=17 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317004734/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/tamil/kaaduvetty-review-a-film-that-fails-to-make-an-impression-review-108523770 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Yaavarum Vallavare]]''
|N.A. Rajendra Chakravarthy
|[[Samuthirakani]], [[Yogi Babu]], [[Riythvika]], [[Rajendran]]
|Eleven Eleven Productions Pvt Ltd, Thee community Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/yaavarum-vallavare/movie-review/108541183.cms?from=mdr |title=Yaavarum Vallavare Movie Review : A hyperlink film that isn't seamless but still satisfactory |work=The Times of India |access-date=17 March 2024 |archive-date=17 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317004734/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/yaavarum-vallavare/movie-review/108541183.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#a8e4bc;"|'''22'''
|''Chittu 2020''
|Karthik Vijayakumar
|Kishore, Salmon, [[Pandu (actor)|Pandu]], [[Nellai Siva]]
|Revathi Cini Creations
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/chittu-2020/ET00392211 |title=Chittu 2020 (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |access-date=22 March 2024 |archive-date=22 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322014559/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/chittu-2020/ET00392211 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Muniyandiyin Muni Paichal''
|Raja Mohamed
|Jayakanth, [[Super Subbarayan]], [[Singampuli]]
|Shri Aandal Movies
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/muniyandiyin-muni-paichal/ET00392193 |title=Muniyandiyin Muni Paichal (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |access-date=21 March 2024 |archive-date=21 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240321151014/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/muniyandiyin-muni-paichal/ET00392193 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Rebel (2024 film)|Rebel]]''
|Nikesh.R.S
|[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]], [[Mamitha Baiju]], Venkitesh VP, Shalu Rahim
|[[Studio Green]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/rebel-release-date-revealed-all-updates-about-gv-prakashs-political-drama-are-here/bf0173ae51166 |title=Rebel release date revealed!All updates about GV Prakash's political drama are here |date=25 January 2024 |access-date=25 February 2024 |newspaper=OTT PLay |archive-date=25 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225120020/https://www.ottplay.com/news/rebel-release-date-revealed-all-updates-about-gv-prakashs-political-drama-are-here/bf0173ae51166 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#a8e4bc;" |'''29'''
|''[[Boomer Uncle]]''
|Swadeesh M.S
|[[Oviya]], [[Yogi Babu]], [[Robo Shankar]], Satish Mohan
|Anka Media
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/boomer-uncle/movie-review/108854682.cms |title=Boomer Uncle Movie Review : Boomer Uncle aims for absurdity, lands in exhaustion |work=The Times of India |access-date=19 April 2024 |archive-date=19 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419193842/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/boomer-uncle/movie-review/108854682.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Eppura''
|AR Raajesh
|Vijay Murugan, Pradeep Selvaraj, Nathoshiya Saint Julien, [[Aadukalam Murugadoss]]
|White Town Films
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/eppura/ET00392586 |title=Eppura (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |access-date=26 March 2024 |archive-date=26 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326090411/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/eppura/ET00392586 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Hot Spot (2024 film)|Hot Spot]]''
|[[Vignesh Karthick]]
|[[Kalaiyarasan]], Sandy, [[Ammu Abhirami]], [[Janani (actress)|Janani]], [[Gouri G. Kishan]]
|KJB Talkies, Seven Warrior Films
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/hot-spot/movie-review/108817821.cms |title=Hot Spot Movie Review : A fascinating film with plenty of humorously evocative moments |work=The Times of India |access-date=28 March 2024 |archive-date=10 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240410060017/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/hot-spot/movie-review/108817821.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Idi Minnal Kadhal]]''
|Balaji Madhavan
|[[Ciby Bhuvana Chandran]], [[Bhavya Trikha]], [[Yasmin Ponnappa]], [[Radha Ravi]]
|Pavaki Entertainment Pvt Ltd
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/idi-minnal-kadhal/movie-review/108846702.cms |title=Idi Minnal Kadhal Movie Review : A silly antagonist and poor execution bog down this film |work=The Times of India |access-date=28 March 2024 |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328152221/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/idi-minnal-kadhal/movie-review/108846702.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Netru Indha Neram]]''
|Sai Roshan KR
|[[Shariq Hassan]], Haritha, Monica, Divakar Kumar
|Clapin Filmotainment
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/netru-indha-neram/movie-review/108851380.cms |title=Netru Indha Neram Movie Review : This murder mystery fails to become a compelling watch |work=The Times of India |access-date=28 March 2024 |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328152220/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/netru-indha-neram/movie-review/108851380.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[The Boys (2024 film)|The Boys]]''
|[[Santhosh P. Jayakumar]]
|[[Santhosh P. Jayakumar]], [[Shah Ra]], [[Rajendran]], [[Redin Kingsley]]
|Nova Film Studios, Darkroom Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=The Boys Movie Review : A wonderfully weird film that's silly in the best way possible |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/the-boys/movie-review/108877285.cms |access-date=4 April 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=4 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404102005/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/the-boys/movie-review/108877285.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Veppam Kulir Mazhai]]''
|Pascal Vedamuthu
|Dhirav.G, Ismath Bhanu, [[M. S. Bhaskar]], [[Rama (actress)|Rama]]
|Hashtag FDFS Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/veppam-kulir-mazhai/movie-review/108854627.cms |title=Veppam Kulir Mazhai Movie Review : Ismath Banu is wonderful in this middling film about societal pressure |work=The Times of India |access-date=28 March 2024 |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328152217/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/veppam-kulir-mazhai/movie-review/108854627.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|}

== April–June ==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!colspan="2" |Opening
!style="width:20%;" |Title
!Director
!Cast
!Production company
!class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
|rowspan="19" style="text-align:center; background:#93CCEA; textcolor:#000;" |'''A P R'''
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;" |'''4'''
|''[[Kalvan (film)|Kalvan]]''
|P.V. Shankar
|[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]], [[Bharathiraja]], [[Ivana (actress)|Ivana]], [[Dheena (actor)|Dheena]]
|Axess Film Factory
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kalvan/movie-review/108997681.cms?from=mdr |title=Kalvan Movie Review : A low-stakes affair that follows an archetype narrative |work=The Times of India |access-date=4 April 2024 |archive-date=4 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404045937/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kalvan/movie-review/108997681.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;" |'''5'''
|''[[Aalakaalam]]''
|Jaya Krishnamoorthy
|[[Easwari Rao]], [[Chandini Tamilarasan]], Jaya Krishnamoorthy, Thangadurai
|Shree Jai Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=maalaimalar |date=5 April 2024 |title=Aalakaalam |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/aalakaalam-158397 |access-date=5 April 2024 |website=maalaimalar.com |language=ta |archive-date=5 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405201315/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/aalakaalam-158397 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Double Tuckerr]]''
|Meera Mahadhi
|Dheeraj, [[Smruthi Venkat]], [[Kovai Sarala]], [[M. S. Bhaskar]]
|Air Flick
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Radhakrishnan |first=Roopa |date=5 April 2024 |title=Double Tuckerr Movie Review : A film that should have fully embraced its off-the-wall comedy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/double-tuckerr/movie-review/109064256.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409121354/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/double-tuckerr/movie-review/109064256.cms |archive-date=9 April 2024 |access-date=9 April 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|''Iravin Kangal''
|Pop Suresh
|Pop Suresh, Dolly Aishu, Giri Dwarakish, Selvakanthan
|Prathab Enterprises
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/iravin-kangal/ET00392649 |title=Iravin Kangal (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |access-date=28 March 2024 |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328021821/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/iravin-kangal/ET00392649 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Oru Thavaru Seidhal]]''
|Mani Dhamodharan
|[[M. S. Bhaskar]], [[Upasana RC]], [[Namo Narayana]], Paari
|KMP Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/oru-thavaru-seidhal/movie-review/109032841.cms |title=Oru Thavaru Seidhal Movie Review : Oru Thavaru Seidhal: Deepfakes and Dark Comedy |work=The Times of India |access-date=14 May 2024 |archive-date=3 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503230246/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/oru-thavaru-seidhal/movie-review/109032841.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[White Rose (2024 film)|White Rose]]''
|K. Rajashekar
|[[Anandhi (actress)|Anandhi]], [[R. K. Suresh]], Rooso Sreedharan, Vijjith
|Poombarai Murugan Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/white-rose/movie-review/109134427.cms?from=mdr |title=White Rose Movie Review : White Rose wilts under the weight of its own implausibilities |work=The Times of India |access-date=17 April 2024 |archive-date=9 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409094455/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/white-rose/movie-review/109134427.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;" |'''11'''
|''[[Dear (2024 film)|Dear]]''
|Anand Ravichandran
|[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]], [[Aishwarya Rajesh]], [[Kaali Venkat]], [[Ilavarasu]]
|Nutmeg Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/dear/movie-review/109217014.cms?from=mdr |title=Dear Movie Review : A film that should have treated its women characters with more dignity |work=The Times of India |access-date=17 April 2024 |archive-date=20 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420095751/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/dear/movie-review/109217014.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Romeo (2024 film)|Romeo]]''
|Vinayak Vaithianathan
|[[Vijay Antony]], [[Mirnalini Ravi]], [[Yogi Babu]], [[VTV Ganesh]]
|Vijay Antony Film Corporation
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/romeo/ET00393423 |title=Romeo (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |access-date=1 April 2024 |archive-date=1 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401135011/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/romeo/ET00393423 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;" |'''12'''
|''Vaa Pagandaya''
|B Jayakumar
|Vijaya Dinesh, Arthika, [[Nizhalgal Ravi]], [[R. Sundarrajan]]
|Oli Revelation
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/vaa-pagandaya/ET00393978 |title=Vaa Pagandaya (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |access-date=5 April 2024 |archive-date=5 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405181628/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/vaa-pagandaya/ET00393978 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;" |'''14'''
|''[[Pon Ondru Kanden]]''
|[[V. Priya]]
|[[Ashok Selvan]], [[Aishwarya Lekshmi]], [[Vasanth Ravi]], [[Sachu]]
|[[Yuvan Shankar Raja|YSR Films]], [[Jio Platforms|Jio Studios]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sundar |first=Anusha |date=14 April 2024 |title=Pon Ondru Kanden Movie Review: A no-frills, heart-in-the-right-place love story |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/pon-ondru-kanden-movie-review-a-no-frills-heart-in-the-right-place-love-story-that-had-plenty-potential/5f2014d11916 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240415041900/https://www.ottplay.com/review/pon-ondru-kanden-movie-review-a-no-frills-heart-in-the-right-place-love-story-that-had-plenty-potential/5f2014d11916 |archive-date=15 April 2024 |access-date=15 April 2024 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;" |'''19'''
|''Vallavan Vaguthadhada ''
|Vinayek Durai
|[[Tej Charanraj]], Rajesh Balachandiran, Aananya Mani, Swathi Meenakshi
|Focus Studios
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/vallavan-vaguthathada/ET00325583 |title=Vallavan Vaguthathada (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |access-date=11 April 2024 |archive-date=17 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417190633/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/vallavan-vaguthathada/ET00325583 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;" |'''20'''
|''[[Finder Project 1]]''
|Vinoth Rajendran
|[[Charle]], [[Sendrayan]], [[Nizhalgal Ravi]], Vinoth Rajendran
|Arabi Production, Viyan Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/finder-project-1/ET00394983 |title=Finder - Project 1 (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |access-date=18 April 2024 |archive-date=18 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418132440/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/finder-project-1/ET00394983 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Never Escape]]''
|DSRI Aravindh Dev Raj
|[[Robert (choreographer)|Robert]], Adhi Prithvi, Harshini Harres Prabu, Kavi J Sundharam
|Royal B Production House
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/never-escape/ET00393651 |title=Never Escape (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |access-date=17 April 2024 |archive-date=17 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417145610/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/never-escape/ET00393651 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Rooban''
|Ayyappan
|Vijay Prasath, Gayathri, [[Charle]], Arumugam
|AKR Future Films
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/rooban/ET00393822 |title=Rooban (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |access-date=17 April 2024 |archive-date=17 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417145611/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/rooban/ET00393822 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Siragan (film)|Siragan]]''
|Venkateshwaraj
|Gajaraj, [[Jeeva Ravi]], Vinoth Gd, Ananth Nag
|Mad Films
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/siragan/ET00393939 |title=Siragan (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |access-date=11 April 2024 |archive-date=17 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417190608/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/siragan/ET00393939 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;" |'''26'''
|''[[Ingu Mirugangal Vaazhum Idam]]''
|S.Sasi Kumar
|Finejohn, SreeDevi Unnikrishnan, Cheran Raj, Golisoda Seetha
|Finejohn Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=maalaimalar |date=25 April 2024 |title=Ingu Mirugangal Vaazhum Idam |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/ingu-mirugangal-vaazhum-idam-158639 |access-date=3 May 2024 |website=maalaimalar.com |language=ta |archive-date=2 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502182447/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/ingu-mirugangal-vaazhum-idam-158639 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Kolai Thooram''
|Prabu
|Yuvan Prabhakaran, Samanthu, [[Bonda Mani]], [[Karate Raja]]
|Hasini Movies
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/kolai-thooram/ET00396179 |title=Kolai Thooram (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |access-date=26 April 2024 |archive-date=26 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426013654/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/kolai-thooram/ET00396179 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Oru Nodi]]''
|B. Manivarman
|[[Thaman Kumar]], [[M. S. Bhaskar]], [[Vela Ramamoorthy]], [[Pala. Karuppiah]]
|Madurai Azhagar Movies, White Lamp Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Apr/20/oru-nodi-trailer-a-missing-case-that-changes-the-life-of-a-cop#:~:text=The%20cast%20of%20Oru%20Nodi,26%20alongside%20Vishal%2DHari's%20Rathnam. |title=Oru Nodi trailer: A missing case that changes the life of a cop |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420164936/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Apr/20/oru-nodi-trailer-a-missing-case-that-changes-the-life-of-a-cop |archive-date=20 April 2024 |date=20 April 2024 |access-date=20 April 2024 |language=en |newspaper=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Rathnam (film)|Rathnam]]''
|[[Hari (director)|Hari]]
|[[Vishal (actor)|Vishal]], [[Priya Bhavani Shankar]], [[Samuthirakani]], [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]]
|[[Stone Bench Creations|Stone Bench Films]], [[Zee Studios|Zee Studios South]], Invenio Origin
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/jan/25/vishals-rathnam-gets-a-release-date-51507.html |title=Vishal's Rathnam gets a release date |date=25 January 2024 |access-date=25 January 2024 |language=en |website=Cinema Express |archive-date=1 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201050902/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/jan/25/vishals-rathnam-gets-a-release-date-51507.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="20" style="text-align:center; background: #9ACD32; textcolor:#000;" |'''M A Y'''
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#C5E384;" |'''3'''
|''[[Akkaran]]''
|Arun K Prasad
|[[M. S. Bhaskar]], [[Kabali Vishwanth]], Venba, Akash Premkumar
|Kundram Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Akkaran Movie Review : A convoluted revenge story falls short |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/akkaran/movie-review/109755983.cms |access-date=2 May 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122603/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/akkaran/movie-review/109755983.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Aranmanai 4]]''
|[[Sundar C]]
|Sundar C, [[Tamannaah Bhatia]], [[Raashii Khanna]], [[Yogi Babu]]
|[[Avni Cinemax]], Benzz Media Pvt Ltd
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/tamannaah-bhatia-and-raashii-khanna-starrer-aranmanai-4-postponed-movie-gets-a-new-release-date-1297217 |title=Tamannaah Bhatia and Raashii Khanna starrer Aranmanai 4 postponed; movie gets a new release date |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419150335/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/tamannaah-bhatia-and-raashii-khanna-starrer-aranmanai-4-postponed-movie-gets-a-new-release-date-1297217 |archive-date=19 April 2024 |url-status=live |date=19 April 2024 |access-date=19 April 2024 |newspaper=[[Pinkvilla]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kurangu Pedal]]''
|Kamalakannan
|Santhosh Velmurugan, V.R.Ragavan, M.Gnanasekar, Rathish
|[[Sivakarthikeyan|Sivakarthikeyan Productions]], Montage Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kurangu-pedal-presented-by-sivakarthikeyan-gets-a-release-date/article68105451.ece |title='Kurangu Pedal', presented by Sivakarthikeyan, gets a release date |date=25 April 2024 |url-status=live |access-date=25 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425113842/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kurangu-pedal-presented-by-sivakarthikeyan-gets-a-release-date/article68105451.ece |archive-date=25 April 2024 |language=en |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ninnu Vilayadu]]''
|C. Soundararajan
|[[Dinesh (choreographer)|Dinesh Master]], Nandhana Ananth, [[Deepa Shankar]], [[Pala. Karuppiah]]
|Raj Peacock Movies
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/ninnu-vilaiyadu/movie-review/109788007.cms|title=Ninnu Vilaiyadu Movie Review : Lost bull, lost love, lost patience|work=The Times of India|access-date=23 May 2024|archive-date=16 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516162340/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/ninnu-vilaiyadu/movie-review/109788007.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#C5E384;" |'''10'''
|''Maayavan Vettai''
|Sikkal Rajesh
|Sikkal Rajesh, Vanisri, Divya Barathi
|Movielaya pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/maayavan-vettai/ET00397540 |title=Maayavan Vettai (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |access-date=9 May 2024 |archive-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510210530/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/maayavan-vettai/ET00397540 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Rasavathi]]''
|Santhakumar
|[[Arjun Das]], [[Tanya Ravichandran]], Reshma Venkatesh, [[Sujith Shankar]]
|DNA Mechanic Company
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/arjun-das-and-tanya-ravichandrans-rasavathi-trailer/articleshow/109695864.cms |title=Arjun Das and Tanya Ravichandran's 'Rasavathi' trailer |date=29 April 2024 |url-status=live |access-date=29 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429123526/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/arjun-das-and-tanya-ravichandrans-rasavathi-trailer/articleshow/109695864.cms |archive-date=29 April 2024 |language=en |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Star (2024 film)|Star]]''
|Elan
|[[Kavin (actor)|Kavin]], [[Lal (actor)|Lal]], [[Aaditi Pohankar]], Preity Mukhudhan
|Rise East Entertainment, [[Sri Venkateswara Cine Chitra]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/dada-fame-actor-kavins-star-gets-a-release-date/article68083342.ece |title='Dada' fame actor Kavin's 'Star' gets a release date |date=19 April 2024 |language=en |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419102549/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/dada-fame-actor-kavins-star-gets-a-release-date/article68083342.ece |archive-date=19 April 2024 |url-status=live |access-date=22 April 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Uyir Thamizhukku]]''
|Adham Bava
|[[Ameer (director)|Ameer]], Chandini, [[Anandaraj]], [[Imman Annachi]]
|Moon Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/ameer-uyir-thamizhukku-movie-releasing-on-may-10-in-theaters-500722 |title=மே10ம் தேதி வெளியாகும் அமீரின் உயிர் தமிழுக்கு திரைப்படம்!|date=24 April 2024 |url-status=live |access-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427014822/https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/ameer-uyir-thamizhukku-movie-releasing-on-may-10-in-theaters-500722 |archive-date=27 April 2024 |newspaper=[[Zee News]] |language=ta}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#C5E384;" |'''17'''
|''[[Election (2024 film)|Election]]''
|Thamizh
|[[Vijay Kumar (filmmaker)|Vijay Kumar]], [[Preethi Asrani]], Richa Joshi, [[George Maryan]]
|Reel Good Films
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title='Election': Vijay Kumar's film with 'Seththumaan' director gets a release date |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/election-vijay-kumars-film-with-seththumaan-director-gets-a-release-date/article68124592.ece |date=30 April 2024 |access-date=30 April 2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430112334/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/election-vijay-kumars-film-with-seththumaan-director-gets-a-release-date/article68124592.ece |archive-date=30 April 2024 |language=en |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Inga Naan Thaan Kingu]]''
|Anand Narayan
|[[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]], Priyalaya, [[Thambi Ramaiah]], [[Vivek Prasanna]]
|[[G. N. Anbu Chezhiyan|Gopuram Films]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/santhanams-inga-naan-thaan-kingu-gets-a-release-date/article68087042.ece |title=Santhanam's 'Inga Naan Thaan Kingu' gets a release date |date=20 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420063926/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/santhanams-inga-naan-thaan-kingu-gets-a-release-date/article68087042.ece |archive-date=20 April 2024 |access-date=21 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kanni (2024 Tamil-language film)|Kanni]]''
|Mayon Siva Thorapadi
|Ashwini Chandrashekar, Manimaran Ramasamy, Tharra Krish, Ram Barathan
|Sun Life Creations
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/kanni-2024/ET00397467 |title=Kanni (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |access-date=9 May 2024 |archive-date=9 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509120508/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/kanni-2024/ET00397467 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Padikada Pakkangal]]''
|Selvam Mathappan
|[[Yashika Aannand]], [[Prajin]], [[George Maryan]], Aadhav Balaji
|Pournami Pictures, S Movie Park
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/padikkadha-pakkangal/ET00396976 |title=Padikkadha Pakkangal (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |access-date=8 May 2024 |archive-date=8 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508123417/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/padikkadha-pakkangal/ET00396976 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#C5E384;" |'''23'''
|''[[Saamaniyan]]''
|R Rakesh
|[[Ramarajan]], [[Radha Ravi]], [[M. S. Bhaskar]], [[Bose Venkat]]
|Etcetera Entertainment
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2024 |title=Ramarajan's 'Saamaniyan' gets a release date |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ramarajans-saamaniyan-gets-a-release-date/article68097533.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423125323/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ramarajans-saamaniyan-gets-a-release-date/article68097533.ece |archive-date=23 April 2024 |access-date=24 April 2024 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#C5E384;" |'''24'''
|''[[Konjam Pesinaal Yenna]]''
|Giri Murphy
|[[Vinoth Kishan]], [[Keerthi Pandian]], [[Gowtham Sundararajan]], Kaamna Batra
|Super Talkies
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/May/19/konjam-pesinaal-yenna-trailer-a-usual-love-story-with-a-new-age-look|title=Konjam Pesinaal Yenna trailer: A usual love story with a new-age look|date=19 May 2024|url-status=live|access-date=22 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522124747/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/May/19/konjam-pesinaal-yenna-trailer-a-usual-love-story-with-a-new-age-look|archive-date=22 May 2024|newspaper=[[Cinema Express]]|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Pagalariyaan]]''
|Murugan
|[[Vetri (actor)|Vetri]], Akshaya Kandamuthan, Chaplin Babu, [[Sai Dheena]]
|Rishikesh Entertainments
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-details/pagalariyaan/movieshow/109807227.cms |title=Pagalariyaan |date=3 May 2024 |access-date=3 May 2024 |url-status=live |archive-date=3 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503072100/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-details/pagalariyaan/movieshow/109807227.cms |language=en |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[PT Sir]]''
|Karthik Venugopalan
|[[Hiphop Tamizha]], [[Kashmira Pardeshi]], [[Thiagarajan]], [[Anikha Surendran]]
|[[Ishari K. Ganesh|Vels Film International Ltd]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/hiphop-adhi-kashmiras-pt-sir-trailer/articleshow/110181755.cms |title=Hiphop Adhi & Kashmira's 'PT Sir' trailer |date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |language=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516140525/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/hiphop-adhi-kashmiras-pt-sir-trailer/articleshow/110181755.cms |archive-date=16 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#C5E384;" |'''31'''
|''[[Bujji At Anupatti]]''
|Raam Kandasamy
|Kamalkumar, Nakkalites Vaitheeswari, Karthik Vijay, Pranithi Sivasankaran
|Kavilayaa Creations
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1256305-karthik-raja-worked-for-free-in-bujji-at-anupatti.html|title='புஜ்ஜி அட் அனுப்பட்டி' படத்துக்கு சம்பளம் வாங்காத கார்த்திக் ராஜா|date=29 May 2024|access-date=29 May 2024|newspaper=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]]|url-status=live|language=ta|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529124653/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1256305-karthik-raja-worked-for-free-in-bujji-at-anupatti.html|archive-date=29 May 2024}}</ref>
|-

|''[[Garudan (2024 film)|Garudan]]''
|[[R. S. Durai Senthilkumar]]
|[[Soori (actor)|Soori]], [[M. Sasikumar]], [[Unni Mukundan]], [[Roshini Haripriyan]]
|[[Grass Root Film Company]], Lark Studios
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1246920-soori-and-sasikumar-starrer-garudan-movie-release-date-announced.html |title=சசிகுமார், சூரியின் 'கருடன்' படம் மே 31-ல் ரிலீஸ்!|date=13 May 2024 |access-date=13 May 2024 |url-status=live |language=ta |newspaper=Hindu Tamil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513140921/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1246920-soori-and-sasikumar-starrer-garudan-movie-release-date-announced.html |archive-date=13 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Hit List (2024 film)|Hit List]]''
|Sooryakathir Kaakkallar, K. Karthikeyan
|[[R. Sarathkumar]], Vijay Kanishka, [[Samuthirakani]], [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]]
|[[K. S. Ravikumar|RK Celluloids]], Ramesh Grand Creations
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/hit-list-trailer-sarathkumar-chases-a-sickening-psychopath-in-this-investigative-thriller/article68186596.ece|title='Hit List' trailer: Sarathkumar chases a sickening psychopath in this investigative thriller|date=17 May 2024|access-date=17 May 2024|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517125211/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/hit-list-trailer-sarathkumar-chases-a-sickening-psychopath-in-this-investigative-thriller/article68186596.ece|archive-date=17 May 2024|language=en|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[The Akaali]]''
|Mohamed Asif Hameed
|Swayam Siddha, [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]], [[Vinoth Kishan]], [[Arjai]]
|PBS Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-26 |title='தி அக்காலி' படத்தின் ட்ரெய்லரை வெளியிட்டார் நடிகர் விஜய் சேதுபதி!- News7 Tamil |url=https://news7tamil.live/actor-vijay-sethupathi-released-the-trailer-of-the-akali.html |access-date=2024-05-28 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529023701/https://news7tamil.live/actor-vijay-sethupathi-released-the-trailer-of-the-akali.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="10" style="text-align:center; background:#f5e216; textcolor:#000;" |'''J U N'''
|rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;background:#faf884;" |'''7'''
|''[[Anjaamai]]''
|S. P. Subburaman
|[[Vidharth]], [[Vani Bhojan]], [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]], Krithik Mohan
|Thiruchithram Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/anjaamai-trailer-starring-vidaarth-is-here-/8b66435fcf261|title=Anjaamai trailer: Watch Vidaarth struggle to provide education for his son amid the NEET controversy|date=28 May 2024|access-date=28 May 2024|url-status=live|language=en|newspaper=[[OTT Play]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528164806/https://www.ottplay.com/news/anjaamai-trailer-starring-vidaarth-is-here-/8b66435fcf261|archive-date=28 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Haraa (film)|Haraa]]''
|Vijay Sri G
|[[Mohan (actor)|Mohan]], [[Anumol]], [[Yogi Babu]], [[Charuhasan]]
|G Media
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Actor Mohan's Haraa gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/May/10/actor-mohans-haraa-gets-a-release-date |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511025908/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/May/10/actor-mohans-haraa-gets-a-release-date |archive-date=11 May 2024 |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Ini Oru Kadhal Seivom''
|Hariharan S
|Ajay Balakrishna, Suvetha Shrimpton, Vignesh Shanmugam, Kishore Rajkumar
|Epic Theatres
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/ini-oru-kadhal-seivom/ET00400373|title=Ini Oru Kadhal Seivom (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow|access-date=6 June 2024|archive-date=25 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625072631/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/ini-oru-kadhal-seivom/ET00400373|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''Kaazh''
|Mohanraj VJ
|[[Yugendran]], Siddarth Anbarasu, Mimi Leonard, Anthony Fogas
|GM Films International, SKKA Films
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/kaazh/ET00400507|title=Kaazh (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow|access-date=5 June 2024|archive-date=5 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605115224/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/kaazh/ET00400507|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Weapon (film)|Weapon]]''
|Guhan Senniappan
|[[Sathyaraj]], [[Vasanth Ravi]], [[Rajiv Menon]], [[Tanya Hope]]
|Million Studio
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vasanth-ravis-weapon-to-release-on-june-7/articleshow/110524622.cms|title=Vasanth Ravi's 'Weapon' to release on June 7|date=29 May 2024|access-date=30 May 2024|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529072453/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vasanth-ravis-weapon-to-release-on-june-7/articleshow/110524622.cms|archive-date=29 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#faf884;" |'''14'''
|''[[Maharaja (2024 film)|Maharaja]]''
|[[Nithilan Saminathan]]
|[[Vijay Sethupathi]], [[Anurag Kashyap]], [[Mamta Mohandas]], [[Natty Subramaniam]]
|Passion Studios, The Route, Think Studios
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-sethupathis-maharaja-to-release-in-june-14/articleshow/110728318.cms|title=Vijay Sethupathi's Maharaja to release in June 14|date=5 June 2024|access-date=6 June 2024|url-status=live|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605162012/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-sethupathis-maharaja-to-release-in-june-14/articleshow/110728318.cms|archive-date=5 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''Pithala Maathi''
|Manika Vidya
|[[Umapathy Ramaiah]], [[Samskruthy Shenoy]], [[Vinutha Lal]], [[Bala Saravanan]]
|Sri Saravana Film Arts
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/pithala-maathi/ET00400919|title=Pithala Maathi (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow|date=12 June 2024|access-date=13 June 2024|archive-date=13 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613015736/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/pithala-maathi/ET00400919|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#faf884;" |'''21'''
|''[[Bayamariya Brammai]]''
|Rahul Kabali
|JD, [[Guru Somasundaram]], [[Harish Uthaman]], [[John Vijay]]
|69MM Film
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|date=15 June 2024|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jun/15/bayamariya-brammai-gets-a-release-date|title=Bayamariya Brammai gets a release date|url-status=live|newspaper=[[Cinema Express]]|access-date=19 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615065007/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jun/15/bayamariya-brammai-gets-a-release-date|archive-date=15 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Laandhar]]''
|Sajisaleem
|[[Vidharth]], Swetha Dorathy, Vibin, Sahana
|M Cinema Production
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vidaarths-laandhar-trailer/articleshow/111108339.cms|date=19 June 2024|title=Vidaarth's 'Laandhar' trailer|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|access-date=19 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619094212/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vidaarths-laandhar-trailer/articleshow/111108339.cms|archive-date=19 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Rail (2024 film)|Rail]]''
|Bhaskar Sakthi
|Kungumaraj Muthusamy, Vairamala, Ramesh Vaidya, Parvez Mehru
|Discovery Cinemas
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jun/07/bhaskar-sakthis-rail-gets-release-date|title=Bhaskar Sakthi's Rail gets release date|date=7 June 2024|access-date=11 June 2024|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609091229/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jun/07/bhaskar-sakthis-rail-gets-release-date|archive-date=9 June 2024|newspaper=Cinema Express}}</ref>
|-
|}

== July–September ==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!colspan="2" |Opening
!style="width:20%;" |Title
!Director
!Cast
!Production company
!class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
|rowspan="11" style="text-align:center; background:plum; textcolor:#000;" |'''J U L'''
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''5'''
|''[[7/G]]''
|Haroon
|[[Sonia Agarwal]], [[Smruthi Venkat]], [[Siddharth Vipin]], Sneha Gupta
|Dream House
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 June 2024|title=Sonia Agarwal's 7/G To Release On July 5!|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/sonia-agarwals-new-film-to-release-on-july-5-article-111191135|language=en|newspaper=[[Times Now]]|url-status=live|archive-date=23 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240623002944/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/sonia-agarwals-new-film-to-release-on-july-5-article-111191135|access-date=28 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Emagadhagan]]''
|Kishan Raj
|Vattakara Sathish, Karthik Sriram, Manoj, Rashmitha
|Prime Reels Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/emagadhagan/ET00402362|title=Emagadhagan (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow|date=21 June 2024|access-date=24 June 2024|archive-date=24 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624125522/https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/emagadhagan/ET00402362}}</ref>
|-
|''Naanum Oru Azhagi''
|Pozhikkarayan K
|K. Arun, J. Megna, S. Rajadurai, K. Pozhikkarayan
|K C Creations
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 July 2024|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/naanum-oru-azhagi/ET00403262|title=Naanum Oru Azhagi (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow|access-date=4 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''Udhir @ Poomara Kathu''
|Gnana Arockiaraj
|Santhosh Saravanan, [[Singampuli]], [[Devadarshini]], [[Manobala]]
|Jesus Grace Cine Entertainment
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 July 2024|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/udhir-poomara-kathu/ET00403657|title=Udhir @ Poomara Kathu (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow|access-date=4 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''12'''
|''[[Indian 2]]''
|[[S. Shankar]]
|[[Kamal Haasan]], [[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]], [[S. J. Suryah]], [[Rakul Preet Singh]]
|[[Lyca Productions]], [[Red Giant Movies]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kamal-haasan-indian-2-announces-release-date-with-a-new-poster-9255052/ |title=Kamal Haasan's Indian 2 announces release date with a new poster: 'Gear up for the comeback of Senapathy' |language=en |date=7 April 2024 |access-date=7 April 2024 |newspaper=The Indian Express |archive-date=7 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407014855/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kamal-haasan-indian-2-announces-release-date-with-a-new-poster-9255052/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''RK Vellimegham''
|Sainu Chavakkadan
|Vijay Gowrish, Rupeshwaran Babu, Visithran, [[Charmila]]
|Chandrasudha Films
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|date=10 July 2024|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/rk-vellimegham/ET00403235|title=RK Vellimegham (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow|access-date=10 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Teenz]]''
|[[R. Parthiban|Radhakrishnan Parthiban]]
|[[R. Parthiban]], [[Yogi Babu]], [[Subiksha Krishnan]], Kritika Iyer
|Bioscope Dreams LLP, Akira Productions Pvt Ltd
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 July 2024|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jul/02/parthibans-teenz-gets-a-release-date|title=Parthiban's Teenz gets a release date|language=en|website=[[Cinema Express]]|url-status=live|access-date=3 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240702174205/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jul/02/parthibans-teenz-gets-a-release-date|archive-date=2 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''19'''
|''[[Maya Puthagam]]''
|Rama Jayaprakash
|[[Ashok Kumar (Tamil actor)|Ashok Kumar]], [[Srikanth (actor, born 1979)|Srikanth]], [[Abarnathi]], [[Aadukalam Naren]]
|Jaguar Studios
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 July 2024|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jul/03/mayaputhagam-gets-a-release-date|title=Mayaputhagam gets a release date|access-date=16 July 2024|url-status=live|newspaper=[[Cinema Express]]|language=en|archive-date=16 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716025858/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jul/03/mayaputhagam-gets-a-release-date}}</ref>
|-
|''Thimil''
|S.Kadhar
|[[Mahesh (Tamil actor)|Mahesh]], [[Manishajith]], Arun Mozhi Varman, Kani
|Tamizhan Cinemas
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|date=17 July 2024|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/thimil/ET00405082|title=Thimil (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow|access-date=17 July 2024|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''26'''
|''[[Pitha 23:23]]''
|S.Sugan Kumar
|Adesh Bala, [[Anu Krishna]], Reehana Begam, [[Chaams]]
|SR Film Factory
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|date=22 July 2024|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/pitha-2323/ET00405526|title=Pitha 23:23 (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow|access-date=25 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Raayan]]''
|[[Dhanush]]
|[[Dhanush]], [[S. J. Suryah]], [[Aparna Balamurali]], [[Sandeep Kishan]]
|[[Sun Pictures]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-10 |title=Raayan new release date: Dhanush-led action thriller to arrive in theaters two weeks after Kamal Haasan's Indian 2 |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/raayan-new-release-date-dhanush-led-action-thriller-to-arrive-in-theaters-two-weeks-after-kamal-haasans-indian-2-1315209 |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=10 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610192016/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/raayan-new-release-date-dhanush-led-action-thriller-to-arrive-in-theaters-two-weeks-after-kamal-haasans-indian-2-1315209 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="24" style="text-align:center; background:#ff91af; textcolor:#000;" |'''A U G'''
|rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;background:#f4c2c2;" |'''2'''
|''[[Boat (2024 film)|Boat]]''
|[[Chimbu Deven]]
|[[Yogi Babu]], [[Gouri G Kishan]], [[M. S. Bhaskar]], [[Chinni Jayanth]]
|Maali and Maanvi Movie Makers, [[Chimbu Deven|Chimbudeven Entertainment]]
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news|date=8 July 2024|title=Yogi Babu's 'Boat' to hit the screens on August 2|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/yogi-babus-boat-to-hit-the-screens-on-august-2/articleshow/111574077.cms|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|language=en|access-date=8 July 2024|url-status=live|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708123506/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/yogi-babus-boat-to-hit-the-screens-on-august-2/articleshow/111574077.cms}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Jama (film)|Jama]]''
|Pari Elavazhagan
|Pari Elavazhagan, [[Chetan (actor)|Chetan]], [[Ammu Abhirami]], Sri Krishna Dayal
|SSBV Learn and Teach Production Private Limited
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news|date=14 July 2024|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jul/14/jama-teaser-pari-elavazhagan-plays-a-therukoothu-artist-in-this-ilayaraja-musical|title=Jama Teaser: Pari Elavazhagan plays a Therukoothu artist in this Ilayaraja musical|newspaper=[[Cinema Express]]|language=en|access-date=14 July 2024|url-status=live|archive-date=14 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714163755/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jul/14/jama-teaser-pari-elavazhagan-plays-a-therukoothu-artist-in-this-ilayaraja-musical}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mazhai Pidikkatha Manithan]]''
|[[S. D. Vijay Milton|Vijay Milton]]
|[[Vijay Antony]], [[Sathyaraj]], [[R. Sarathkumar]], [[Megha Akash]]
|Infiniti Film Ventures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|date=10 July 2024|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-antonys-mazhai-pidikkatha-manithan-to-release-on-august-2/articleshow/111640985.cms|title=Vijay Antony's 'Mazhai Pidikkatha Manithan' to release on August 2|access-date=19 July 2024|language=en|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|url-status=live|archive-date=11 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711011011/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-antonys-mazhai-pidikkatha-manithan-to-release-on-august-2/articleshow/111640985.cms}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Nanban Oruvan Vantha Piragu]]''
|Ananth Ram
|Ananth Ram, [[Bhavani Sre]], RJ Vijay, [[Elango Kumaravel]]
|Masala Popcorn, White Feather Studios
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|date=12 July 2024|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/nanban-oruvan-vantha-piragu-to-release-on-august-2/articleshow/111688558.cms|title='Nanban Oruvan Vantha Piragu' to release on August 2|access-date=19 July 2024|language=en|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|url-status=live|archive-date=13 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713012654/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/nanban-oruvan-vantha-piragu-to-release-on-august-2/articleshow/111688558.cms}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Pechi]]''
|Ramachandran B
|[[Gayathrie]], [[Bala Saravanan]], Preethi Nedumaran, [[Dev Ramnath]]
|Veyilon Entertainment, Verus Productions
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news|date=23 July 2024|title=Pechi gets a release date|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jul/23/pechi-gets-a-release-date|language=en|newspaper=[[Cinema Express]]|access-date=23 July 2024|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723072533/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jul/23/pechi-gets-a-release-date|archive-date=23 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Vasco Da Gama (film)|Vasco Da Gama]]''
|RG Krishnan
|[[Nakkhul]], [[Arthana Binu]], [[K. S. Ravikumar]], [[Munishkanth]]
|5656 Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|date=29 June 2024|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jun/29/nakkhuls-vasco-da-gama-gets-a-release-date|title=Nakkhul's Vasco Da Gama gets a release date|access-date=19 July 2024|language=en|newspaper=[[Cinema Express]]|url-status=live|archive-date=29 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629095101/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jun/29/nakkhuls-vasco-da-gama-gets-a-release-date}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="8" style="text-align:center;background:#f4c2c2;" |'''9'''
|''[[Andhagan]]''
|[[Thiagarajan]]
|[[Prashanth]], [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]], [[Simran (actress)|Simran]], [[Priya Anand]]
|Staar Movies
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 July 2024|title=Prashanth's Andhagan to hit theatres earlier than scheduled|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jul/31/prashanths-andhagan-to-hit-theatres-earlier-than-scheduled|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731075150/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jul/31/prashanths-andhagan-to-hit-theatres-earlier-than-scheduled|archive-date=31 July 2024|access-date=31 July 2024|website=[[Cinema Express]]|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kavundampalayam (film)|Kavundampalayam]]''
|[[Ranjith (actor)|Ranjith]]
|[[Ranjith (actor)|Ranjith]], Alfia, [[Imman Annachi]], Thurai Makesh
|Shree Paasathai Movies
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 June 2024|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/kavundampalayam/ET00402888|title=Kavundampalayam (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow|access-date=29 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''Light House''
|Sree Krishna
|[[Ananth Nag (Tamil actor)|Ananth Nag]], [[Vidya Pradeep]], [[Thalaivasal Vijay]], [[Vignesh (actor)|Vignesh]]
|Phoenix Films International
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-details/light-house/movieshow/112342937.cms|title=Light House Movie|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|access-date=7 August 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Minmini (2024 film)|Minmini]]''
|[[Halitha Shameem]]
|[[Esther Anil]], Praveen Kishore, C.Gaurav Kaalai
|[[Manoj Paramahamsa|Stage Unreal]], Baby Shoe Productions, Anchor Bay Studios
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|date=24 July 2024|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jul/24/minmini-teenagers-go-on-a-journey-of-self-discovery-looking-for-transformation|title=Minmini: Teenagers go on a journey of self-discovery looking for transformation|access-date=24 July 2024|language=en|newspaper=[[Cinema Express]]|url-status=live|archive-date=24 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724055644/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jul/24/minmini-teenagers-go-on-a-journey-of-self-discovery-looking-for-transformation}}</ref>
|-
|''P2''
|Sivam
|Bhagatt Vikrant, Sidhu, [[Ilavarasu]], [[Sampath Ram]]
|Aram Production
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 August 2024|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/p2/ET00407314 |title=P2 (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow|access-date=6 August 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Park (2024 film)|Park]]''
|E. K. Murugan
|[[Thaman Kumar]], Swetha Dorathy, [[Pandi (actor)|Black Pandi]], Neema Ray
|Akshaya Movie Makers
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news|date=29 July 2024|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/tamil/park-official-trailer/videoshow/112100693.cms|title=Park - Official Trailer|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|access-date=6 August 2024|archive-date=30 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240730120433/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/tamil/park-official-trailer/videoshow/112100693.cms}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Sooriyanum Sooriyagandhiyum]]''
|A.L. Raja
|[[Appukutty]], Rathi Umayal, [[Santhana Bharathi]], [[Lollu Sabha Seshu]]
|D.D Cinema Studio
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 March 2023|title=அப்புக்குட்டிக்கு மீண்டும் தேசிய விருது கிடைக்கும்: "சூரியனும் சூரியகாந்தியும்" பட இயக்குனர் ஏ.எல்.ராஜா! |url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/cinema/director-al-raja-about-appukutty-gets-national-award-again-in-suriyanum-suriyakandiyum-movie-rrtwyi |language=ta |website=[[Asianet News|Asianet News Tamil]] |access-date=21 September 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Veerayi Makkal]]''
|Nagaraj Karuppaiah
|Suresh Nandha, Nandana Anand, [[Vela Ramamoorthy]], [[G. Marimuthu]]
|White Screen Films
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|date=9 August 2024|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2024/Aug/09/veerayi-makkal-movie-review-a-melodrama-with-excessive-sermonizing-about-family-values|title=Veerayi Makkal Movie Review: A melodrama with excessive sermonizing about family values|access-date=14 August 2024|newspaper=Cinema Express|language=en|url-status=live|archive-date=14 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814023112/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2024/Aug/09/veerayi-makkal-movie-review-a-melodrama-with-excessive-sermonizing-about-family-values}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#f4c2c2;" |'''15'''
|''[[Demonte Colony 2]]''
|[[R. Ajay Gnanamuthu]]
|[[Arulnithi]], [[Priya Bhavani Shankar]], Antti Jaaskelainen, [[Tsering Dorjee]]
|BTG Universal, White Nights Entertainment, [[R. Ajay Gnanamuthu|Gnanamuthu Pattarai]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|date=24 July 2024|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jul/24/demonte-colony-2-release-trailer-arulnithi-is-stuck-in-the-afterlife-while-dark-spirits-await-revenge|title=Demonte Colony 2 Release Trailer: Arulnithi is stuck in the afterlife while dark spirits await revenge|language=en|access-date=24 July 2024|newspaper=[[Cinema Express]]|archive-date=24 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724124947/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jul/24/demonte-colony-2-release-trailer-arulnithi-is-stuck-in-the-afterlife-while-dark-spirits-await-revenge}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Raghu Thatha]]''
|Suman Kumar
|[[Keerthy Suresh]], [[M. S. Bhaskar]], [[Devadarshini]], [[Ravindra Vijay]]
|[[Hombale Films]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-31 |title=Keerthy Suresh's Raghu Thatha to release in August |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/May/31/keerthy-sureshs-raghu-thatha-to-release-in-august |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=Cinema Express |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531151431/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/May/31/keerthy-sureshs-raghu-thatha-to-release-in-august|archive-date=2024-05-31}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Thangalaan]]''
|[[Pa. Ranjith]]
|[[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]], [[Parvathy Thiruvothu]], [[Malavika Mohanan]], [[Pasupathy]]
|[[Studio Green]], [[Pa. Ranjith|Neelam Productions]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|date=1 July 2024|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/chiyaan-vikrams-much-anticipated-thangalaan-to-release-on-independence-day-confirms-producer-1322723|title=Chiyaan Vikram's much anticipated Thangalaan to release on Independence Day, confirms producer|newspaper=[[Pinkvilla]]|access-date=1 July 2024|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701020141/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/chiyaan-vikrams-much-anticipated-thangalaan-to-release-on-independence-day-confirms-producer-1322723|archive-date=1 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;background:#f4c2c2;" |'''23'''
|''[[Adharma Kadhaigal]]''
|Kamaraj Vel
|[[Vetri (actor)|Vetri]], [[Ammu Abhirami]], [[Dhivya Duraisamy]], [[Sakshi Agarwal]]
|Big Bang Movies
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 August 2024|title='Enathuyire Neeyadi' from Adharma Kadhaigal out
|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Aug/09/enathuyire-neeyadi-from-adharma-kadhaigal-out|newspaper=[[Cinema Express]]|language=en|url-status=live|access-date=10 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810015149/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Aug/09/enathuyire-neeyadi-from-adharma-kadhaigal-out|archive-date=10 August 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''Kadamai''
|Sukran Shankar
|Seeralan Krishnan, Sandhiya, Sukran Shankar
|KSNS Film International
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 August 2024 |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/kadamai/ET00409432/multimedia |title=Kadamai (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |access-date=21 September 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[The Adamant Girl|Kottukkaali]]''
|[[PS Vinothraj|P. S. Vinothraj]]
|[[Soori (actor)|Soori]], [[Anna Ben]], Jawahar Sakthi, Poobalam Pragatheeswaran
|[[Sivakarthikeyan|SK Productions]], The Little Wave Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news|date=23 July 2024|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jul/23/soori-and-anna-bens-kottukkaali-gets-a-theatrical-release-date|title=Soori and Anna Ben's Kottukkaali gets a theatrical release date|newspaper=[[Cinema Express]]|access-date=23 July 2024|url-status=live|archive-date=23 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723131424/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jul/23/soori-and-anna-bens-kottukkaali-gets-a-theatrical-release-date}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Pogumidam Vegu Thooramillai]]''
|Michael K Raja
|[[Vimal (actor)|Vimal]], [[Karunas]], [[Aadukalam Naren]], [[Deepa Shankar]]
|Shark 9 Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Aug/08/vemal-and-karunaas-pogumidam-vegu-thooramillai-gets-a-release-date|title=Vemal and Karunaas' Pogumidam Vegu Thooramillai gets a release date|date=8 August 2024|access-date=8 August 2024|language=en|newspaper=[[Cinema Express]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808170428/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Aug/08/vemal-and-karunaas-pogumidam-vegu-thooramillai-gets-a-release-date|archive-date=8 August 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Saala (film)|Saala]]''
|SD Manipaul
|Dheeran Shree Natraj, Reshma Venkatesh, [[Aruldoss]], [[Charles Vinoth]]
|People Media Factory
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/saala/ET00407028|title=Saala (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow|date=21 August 2024|access-date=21 August 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Vaazhai]]''
|[[Mari Selvaraj]]
|Ponvel. M, Raghul. R, [[Kalaiyarasan]], [[Nikhila Vimal]]
|[[Disney+ Hotstar]], Navvi Studios, [[Dhilip Subbarayan|Farmer's Master Plan Production]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 July 2024|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/mari-selvarajs-vaazhai-first-single-thenkizhakku-out-film-to-release-on-this-date/e117d79864688|title=Mari Selvaraj's Vaazhai first single Thenkizhakku out - Film to release on this date|access-date=18 July 2024|publisher=[[OTTPlay]]|url-status=live|language=en|archive-date=18 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718125337/https://www.ottplay.com/news/mari-selvarajs-vaazhai-first-single-thenkizhakku-out-film-to-release-on-this-date/e117d79864688}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#f4c2c2;" |'''30'''
|''Sembian Madhevi''
|Loga Pathmanaban
|Loga Pathmanaban, Jaibheem Mosakutti, Manimaran, Rejina VJ
|8 Studios Film Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 August 2024 |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/sembian-madhevi/ET00409448 |title=Sembian Madhevi (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow|access-date=21 September 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="15" style="text-align:center; background:orange; textcolor:#000; " |'''S E P'''
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#ffc04c;" |'''5'''
|''[[The Greatest of All Time]]''
|[[Venkat Prabhu]]
|[[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]], [[Prashanth]], [[Mohan (actor)|Mohan]], [[Meenakshi Chaudhary]]
|[[AGS Entertainment]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vijay-and-venkat-prabhus-the-greatest-of-all-time-to-release-on-september-5/article68053450.ece |title=Vijay and Venkat Prabhu's 'The Greatest Of All Time' to release on September 5 |language=en |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=11 April 2024 |access-date=11 April 2024 |archive-date=11 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240411081603/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vijay-and-venkat-prabhus-the-greatest-of-all-time-to-release-on-september-5/article68053450.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#ffc04c;" |'''13'''
|''Quotation Gang Part 1''
|Vivek Kumar Kannan
|[[Jackie Shroff]], [[Sunny Leone]], [[Priyamani]], [[Sara Arjun]]
|Filminati Entertainment
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|date=10 September 2024|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/quotation-gang-part-1/ET00325997|title=Quotation Gang Part 1 (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow|access-date=11 September 2024}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="8" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#ffc04c;" |'''20'''
|''[[Dhonima]]''
|Jagadeesan Subu
|[[Kaali Venkat]], [[Roshni Prakash]], Vishav Raj, [[Vivek Prasanna]]
|SSBV Learn and Teach Production Private Limited
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|date=28 August 2024|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Aug/28/kaali-venkats-dhonima-gets-a-release-date|title=Kaali Venkat's Dhonima gets a release date|access-date=28 August 2024|newspaper=[[Cinema Express]]|language=en|url-status=live|archive-date=28 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828135705/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Aug/28/kaali-venkats-dhonima-gets-a-release-date}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Dopamine @ 2.22]]''
|Dhirav
|Dhirav, Vijay Duke, Vibitha Thekkepet, Nikhila Sankar
|Hashtag FDFS Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Dopamine @2.22 Review : Smartphone addiction drama falls short |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/tamil/dopamine-2-22/ottmoviereview/113700196.cms |access-date=2024-09-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|''HMM - Hug Me More''
|Narasimman Packirisamy
|Narasimman Packirisamy, Anurag Mandal
|Bright Entertainment Times
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|date=18 September 2024|title=HMM - Hug Me More (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/hmm-hug-me-more/ET00412358|access-date=19 September 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kadaisi Ulaga Por]]''
|[[Hiphop Tamizha]]
|[[Hiphop Tamizha Aadhi]], [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]], [[Natty Subramaniam]], [[Anagha]]
|Hiphop Tamizha Entertainment
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 September 2024|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/hiphop-tamizha-adhis-kadaisi-ulaga-por-gets-a-release-date/article68600911.ece|title=Hiphop Tamizha Adhi's 'Kadaisi Ulaga Por' gets a release date|access-date=11 September 2024|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|language=en|archive-date=3 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903122010/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/hiphop-tamizha-adhis-kadaisi-ulaga-por-gets-a-release-date/article68600911.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kozhipannai Chelladurai]]''
|[[Seenu Ramasamy]]
|Aegan, [[Yogi Babu]], [[Brigida Saga]], Sathya
|Vision Cinema House
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|date=14 August 2024|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Aug/14/kozhipannai-chelladurai-gets-release-date|title=Kozhipannai Chelladurai gets release date|access-date=14 August 2024|language=en|newspaper=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Lubber Pandhu]]''
|Thamizharasan Pachamuthu
|[[Harish Kalyan]], [[Attakathi Dinesh]], [[Swasika]], Sanjana Krishnamoorthy
|Prince Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|date=28 August 2024|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Aug/28/harish-kalyans-lubber-pandhu-gets-a-release-date|title=Harish Kalyan's Lubber Pandhu gets a release date|access-date=28 August 2024|newspaper=[[Cinema Express]]|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Nandhan]]''
|Era Saravanan
|[[M. Sasikumar]], [[Suruthi Periyasamy]], [[Balaji Sakthivel]], [[Samuthirakani]]
|Era Entertainment
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|date=29 August 2024|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/nandhan-to-release-on-september-20-article-112887725|title=M Sasikumar's Nandhan To Release On September 20|access-date=30 August 2024|url-status=live|newspaper=[[Times Now]]|archive-date=29 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829071509/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/nandhan-to-release-on-september-20-article-112887725}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Thozhar CheGuevara]]''
|Alex A.D
|[[Sathyaraj]], [[Rajendran]], [[Nanjil Sampath]], [[Cool Suresh]]
|Grey Magic Creations
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news|date=4 August 2024|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Aug/04/sathyarajs-thozhar-cheguevara-gets-new-release-date|title=Sathyaraj's Thozhar CheGuevara gets new release date|newspaper=[[Cinema Express]]|language=en|access-date=4 August 2024}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#ffc04c;" |'''27'''
|''[[Dhil Raja]]''
|[[A. Venkatesh (director)|A. Venkatesh]]
|[[Vijay Sathya]], [[Sherin Shringar]], [[A. Venkatesh (director)|A. Venkatesh]], [[Vanitha Vijayakumar]]
|Golden Eagle Studio's
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-28 |title=விஜய் சத்யா, ஷெரின் நடித்துள்ள தில் ராஜா படம் எப்படி இருக்கு? திரைவிமர்சனம்! |url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/vijay-sathya-and-sherin-starring-dhil-raja-movie-review-in-tamil-530065 |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=Zee Hindustan Tamil |language=ta}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Hitler (2024 film)|Hitler]]''
|Dana S.A
|[[Vijay Antony]], [[Riya Suman]], [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]], [[Vivek Prasanna]]
|Chendur Film International
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|date=31 August 2024|title=Vijay Antony's Hitler to release on this date|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Aug/31/vijay-antonys-hitler-to-release-on-this-date|language=en|newspaper=[[Cinema Express]]|access-date=31 August 2024|url-status=live|archive-date=31 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240831142817/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Aug/31/vijay-antonys-hitler-to-release-on-this-date}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Meiyazhagan]]''
|[[C. Prem Kumar]]
|[[Karthi]], [[Arvind Swamy]], [[Sri Divya]], [[Rajkiran]]
|[[2D Entertainment]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 July 2024|title=Karthi's 'Meiyazhagan,' directed by Prem Kumar, gets a release date|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/karthis-meiyazhagan-directed-by-prem-kumar-gets-a-release-date/article68413988.ece|website=[[The Hindu]]|language=en|url-status=live|archive-date=17 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240717121921/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/karthis-meiyazhagan-directed-by-prem-kumar-gets-a-release-date/article68413988.ece}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Petta Rap (film)|Petta Rap]]''
|SJ Sinu
|[[Prabhu Deva]], [[Vedhika]], [[Sunny Leone]], [[Vivek Prasanna]]
|Blue Hill Films
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|date=1 September 2024|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2024/09/01/peta-rap-movie-release-date-prabhu-deva.html|title=പ്രഭുദേവ ചിത്രം 'പേട്ടറാപ്പ് സെപ്റ്റംബർ 27ന് തിയേറ്ററുകളിലേക്ക്|language=ml|access-date=2 September 2024|newspaper=[[Malayala Manorama|Manorama Online]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902052235/https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2024/09/01/peta-rap-movie-release-date-prabhu-deva.html|archive-date=2 September 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Sattam En Kaiyil (2024 film)|Sattam En Kaiyil]]''
|Chachhi
|[[Sathish]], [[Ajay Raj]], [[Pavel Navageethan]], [[Mime Gopi]]
|Shanmugam Creations, Seeds Entertainment
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|date=25 August 2024|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Aug/25/sathishs-sattam-en-kaiyil-gets-release-date|title=Sathish's Sattam En Kaiyil gets release date|access-date=25 August 2024|url-status=live|newspaper=[[Cinema Express]]|archive-date=25 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240825080329/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Aug/25/sathishs-sattam-en-kaiyil-gets-release-date}}</ref>
|-
|}

== October–December ==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!colspan="2" |Opening
!style="width:20%;" |Title
!Director
!Cast
!Production company
!class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
| rowspan="24" style="text-align:center; background:#f40b0b; textcolor:#000;" |'''O C T'''
|rowspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#f9827c;"|'''4'''
|''[[Aaragan]]''
|Arun KR
|[[Michael Thangadurai]], Kavipriya Manoharan, [[Sriranjani (Tamil actress)|Sriranjani]], [[Kalairani]]
|Trending Arts Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-26 |title=Michael Thangadurai starrer Aaragan gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Sep/26/michael-thangadurai-starrer-aaragan-gets-a-release-date |website=[[Cinema Express]] |access-date=2024-10-02 |archive-date=2024-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926152423/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Sep/26/michael-thangadurai-starrer-aaragan-gets-a-release-date |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''Appu VI STD''
|Vaseekaran Balaji
|[[Kalloori Vinoth]], Priyadarshini, [[P. L. Thenappan]], [[Velu Prabhakaran]]
|RK Creative Makers
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-02 |title=Appu VI STD (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/appu-vi-std/ET00412616 |access-date=2024-10-03}}</ref>
|-
|''Chella Kutty''
|Sagayanathan
|Ditto Sharmin, Sri Magesh, Deepshika Umapathy, Simran Mothwani
|Sri Chitra Pournami Film
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-02 |title=Chella Kutty (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/chella-kutty/ET00414361 |access-date=2024-10-03}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Neela Nira Sooriyan]]''
|Samyuktha Vijayan
|Samyuktha Vijayan, [[Kitty (actor)|Kitty Krishnamoorthy]], Gajaraj, Geetha Kailasam
|First Copy Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-30 |title=Neela Nira Sooriyan teaser: A transwoman's struggle with identity |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Sep/30/neela-nira-sooriyan-teaser-a-transwomans-struggle-with-identity |website=[[Cinema Express]] |access-date=2024-10-02 |archive-date=2024-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240930050048/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Sep/30/neela-nira-sooriyan-teaser-a-transwomans-struggle-with-identity |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''Orea Peachu Orea Mudivu''
|VR Ezhuthassan
|Rajesh R Krishna, Shrida Suchithran, [[Thalaivasal Vijay]], [[Karate Raja]]
|Screen Light Films
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-03 |title=Orea Peachu Orea Mudivu (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/orea-peachu-orea-mudivu/ET00414635 |access-date=2024-10-04}}</ref>
|-
|''Seeran''
|Durai K Murugan
|James Karthik, [[Ineya]], [[Sonia Agarwal]], [[Aadukalam Naren]]
|Netco Studios, Niyaz Venture
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 October 2024 |title=Seeran (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/seeran/ET00413337 |access-date=2 October 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''Vettaikkari''
|Kalimuthu Kathamuthu
|[[Sanjana Singh]], Rahul, [[Vincent Asokan]], [[Ganja Karuppu]]
|Sri Karuppar Films
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-10-01 |title='Vaname' lyrical video from Sanjana Singh |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Oct/01/vaname-lyrical-video-from-sanjana-singh |website=[[Cinema Express]] |access-date=2024-10-03}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#f9827c;"|'''10'''
|''[[Vettaiyan]]''
|[[T. J. Gnanavel]]
|[[Rajinikanth]], [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Manju Warrier]], [[Fahadh Faasil]]
|[[Lyca Productions]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 August 2024 |title=Official: Rajinikanth's 'Vettaiyan' will clash with Suriya's 'Kanguva' on October 10 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/rajinikanth-vettaiyan-suriya-kanguva-october-10-2584447-2024-08-19|access-date=19 August 2024 |work=[[India Today]] |archive-date=19 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240819051520/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/rajinikanth-vettaiyan-suriya-kanguva-october-10-2584447-2024-08-19 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#f9827c;"|'''11'''
|''[[Black (2024 film)|Black]]''
|KG Balasubramani
|[[Jiiva]], [[Priya Bhavani Shankar]], [[Vivek Prasanna]], [[Yog Japee]]
|Potential Studios LLP
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-05 |title=Jiiva-Priya Bhavani Shankar's Black gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Oct/05/jiiva-priya-bhavani-shankars-black-gets-a-release-date |website=[[Cinema Express]] |access-date=2024-10-05 |archive-date=2024-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005050949/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Oct/05/jiiva-priya-bhavani-shankars-black-gets-a-release-date |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; background:#f9827c;" |'''18'''
|''[[Aalan]]''
|Siva R
|[[Vetri (actor)|Vetri]], Madhura, Aruvi Madhankumar, [[Anu Sithara]]
|3S Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-10-08 |title=Vetri's Aalan gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Oct/08/vetris-aalan-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Aaryamala]]''
|James Yuvan
|[[R. S. Karthiik]], [[Manishajith]], [[G. Marimuthu]], Usha Elizabeth Suraj
|Jana Joy Movies, Cable Sankar Entertainment, SPR Cinemas
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Aaryamala Movie Review : The dearth of engrossing episodes sticks out like a sore thumb |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/aaryamala/movie-review/114304359.cms |access-date=2024-11-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|''Chennaiyil Vaanam Megamootathudan Kaanapadum''
|Ramesh Govindarajan
|Ramesh Govindarajan, [[Mime Gopi]], Harini Rameshkrishnan, Anish Padmanabhan
|Ein Filmemacher
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.aha.video/movie/chennaiyil-vaanam-megamootathudan-kaanapadum |title=Watch Chennaiyil Vaanam Megamootathudan Kaanapadum 2023 Tamil Movie in Full HD & 4K or Download Now |last=Ltd |first=Arha Media & Broadcasting Pvt |language=en |access-date=2024-10-21 |via=www.aha.video}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Karuppu Petti]]''
|S. Doss
|K.C.Prabath, Devika Venu. Chithha R. Darshan, [[Saravana Sakthi]]
|J.K. Film Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-17 |title=Karuppu Petti (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/karuppu-petti/ET00413926 |access-date=2024-10-17}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Rocket Driver]]''
|Sriram Ananthashankar
|Vishvath, [[Sunaina]], Naga Vishal, [[Kathadi Ramamurthy]]
|Stories By The Shore
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=B |first=Jayabhuvaneshwari |date=2024-10-13 |title=Rocket Driver gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Oct/13/rocket-driver-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2024-10-13 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Sir (2024 film)|Sir]]''
|[[Bose Venkat]]
|[[Vimal (actor)|Vimal]], Chaya Devi Kannan, Siraj S, [[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]]
|SSS Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-10-05 |title=Vemal's Sir gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Oct/05/vemals-sir-gets-a-release-date |website=[[Cinema Express]] |access-date=2024-10-05 |archive-date=2024-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005060156/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Oct/05/vemals-sir-gets-a-release-date |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; background:#f9827c;"|'''25'''
|''[[Deepavali Bonus]]''
|Jeyabal. J
|[[Vikranth]], [[Riythvika]], Harish
|Sri Ankali Parameswari Production
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |date=2024-10-23 |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |title=Trailer of Vikranth-Riythvika starrer Deepavali Bonus out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Oct/22/trailer-of-vikranth-riythvika-starrer-deepavali-bonus-out |website=[[Cinema Express]] |access-date=2024-10-23}}</ref>
|-
|''Happy Birthday Luci''
|S.M. Mohammed Azarudeen
|Karthik Sasidharan, Dolly Aishwarya, Seethu Lakshmi, Sanjeev Srinivasan
|AZ06 Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-24 |title=Happy Birthday Luci (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/happy-birthday-luci/ET00417000 |access-date=2024-10-24}}</ref>
|-
|''Il Tha Ka Sai Aa''
|A.N. Sadha Nadar
|A.N. Sadha Nadar, Monica Selena, K Sudhanthiran, Marudhu Saravanan
|SS Golden Screen
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-24 |title=Il Tha Ka Sai Aa (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/il-tha-ka-sai-aa/ET00413924 |access-date=2024-10-24}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Otrai Panai Maram]]''
|Puthiyavan Rasiah
|Puthiyavan Rasiah, Navayugha, Ajathika Puthiyavan
|RSSS Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ottrai Panai Maram Movie Review : A well-meaning but static portrait of war survivors |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/ottrai-panai-maram/movie-review/114496920.cms |access-date=2024-11-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|''Scene Number 62''
|Adam Zamar
|Rajbal, Gokila Gopal, Amaldev, Rj Vaithee
|Navamukunda Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-23 |title=Scene Number 62 (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/scene-number-62/ET00416964 |access-date=2024-10-23}}</ref>
|-
|''Sevakar''
|Santhosh Gopinath
|[[Prajin]], Shagana, [[Bose Venkat]], [[Aadukalam Naren]]
|Silver Movies International
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-24 |title=Sevakar (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/sevakar/ET00417015 |access-date=2024-10-24}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#f9827c;"|'''31'''
|''[[Amaran (2024 film)|Amaran]]''
|[[Rajkumar Periasamy]]
|[[Sivakarthikeyan]], [[Sai Pallavi]], [[Bhuvan Arora]], [[Rahul Bose]]
|[[Raaj Kamal Films International]], [[Sony Pictures Networks|Sony Pictures Films India]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news|date=17 July 2024|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/official-sivakarthikeyans-amaran-to-release-for-this-diwali/articleshow/111810448.cms|title=Official! Sivakarthikeyan's 'Amaran' to release for THIS Diwali|url-status=live|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|access-date=17 July 2024|language=en|archive-date=17 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240717120615/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/official-sivakarthikeyans-amaran-to-release-for-this-diwali/articleshow/111810448.cms}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bloody Beggar]]''
|Sivabalan Muthukumar
|[[Kavin (actor)|Kavin]], [[Redin Kingsley]], [[Sunil Sukhada]], [[T. M. Karthik]]
|[[Nelson Dilipkumar|Filament Pictures]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 September 2024|title=Kavin's Bloody Beggar gets a release date|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Sep/02/kavins-bloody-beggar-gets-a-release-date|access-date=2 September 2024 |newspaper=[[Cinema Express]] |archive-date=2 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902141053/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Sep/02/kavins-bloody-beggar-gets-a-release-date|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Brother (2024 film)|Brother]]''
|[[M. Rajesh]]
|[[Jayam Ravi]], [[Priyanka Mohan]], [[Bhumika Chawla]], [[Natty Subramaniam]]
|Screen Scene Media Entertainment Pvt Ltd
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|date=3 August 2024|title='Brother': Jayam Ravi and Priyanka Mohan's film with director Rajesh gets a release date|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/brother-jayam-ravi-and-priyanka-mohans-film-with-director-rajesh-gets-a-release-date/article68481000.ece|access-date=3 August 2024|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="14" style="text-align:center; background:#4683B7; textcolor:#000;" |'''N O V'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#57A0D3;" |'''8'''
|''Iravinil Aatam Par''
|A. Tamil Selvan
|K. S. Udhaya Kumar, Gracy Thangavel, [[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]], CM Durai Anand
|RSV Movies
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/iravinil-aatam-par/ET00416860 |title=Iravinil Aatam Par (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |access-date=2024-11-10}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#57A0D3;" |'''14'''
|''[[Kanguva]]''
|[[Siva (director)|Siva]]
|[[Suriya]], [[Bobby Deol]], [[Disha Patani]], [[Natty Subramaniam]]
|[[Studio Green]], UV Creations
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-19 |title=சூர்யாவின் 'கங்குவா' நவம்பர் 14-ல் ரிலீஸ் என அறிவிப்பு |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1313414-surya-starrer-kanguva-movie-new-release-date-announced.html |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=Hindu Tamil Thisai |language=ta|archive-date=19 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919065853/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1313414-surya-starrer-kanguva-movie-new-release-date-announced.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;background:#57A0D3;" |'''22'''
|''[[Emakku Thozhil Romance]]''
|Balaji Kesavan
|[[Ashok Selvan]], [[Avantika Mishra]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]], [[M. S. Bhaskar]]
|T Creations
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-11-17 |title=Ashok Selvan's Emakku Thozhil Romance gets new release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Nov/17/ashok-selvans-emakku-thozhil-romance-gets-new-release-date |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Jolly O Gymkhana (film)|Jolly O Gymkhana]]''
|[[Sakthi Chidambaram]]
|[[Prabhu Deva]], [[Madonna Sebastian]], [[Abhirami (actress, born 1983)|Abhirami]], [[Yogi Babu]]
|Transindia Media, Entertainment Private Limited
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2024-11-08 |title=Prabhudeva's Jolly O Gymkhana to release on November 22 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Nov/08/prabhudevas-jolly-o-gymkhana-to-release-on-november-22 |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Kuppan''
|Charanraj N. Y.
|Dev Charanraj, Sushmita Suresh, Aadhiram
|Sony Sri Productions
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date= 22 November 2024 |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/kuppan/ET00420608 |title=Kuppan (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai - BookMyShow |access-date=23 November 2024 }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Lineman (2024 Tamil film)|Lineman]]''
|Udhaikumar M
|[[Charle]], Jegan Balaji, Saranya Ravichandran, [[Aditi Balan]]
|Petra Studios, Madras Stories Production, SGC Entertainment
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lineman Movie Review : Lineman works as a tribute to people whose talent goes unnoticed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/tamil/lineman/movie-review/115562203.cms |access-date=2024-11-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Nirangal Moondru]]''
|[[Karthick Naren]]
|[[Atharvaa]], [[R. Sarathkumar]], [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]], [[Ammu Abhirami]]
|[[Ayngaran International]]
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nirangal Moondru release date out: Karthick Naren's new film to hit theaters on this day |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/nirangal-moondru-release-date-out-karthick-narens-new-film-locks-theatrical-release/39dbf1259b973 |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Parari (2024 film)|Parari]]''
|Ezhil Periyavedi
|Hari Sankar, Sangeetha Kalyan, Pugazh Mahendran, Brem Nath
|Kala Films Pvt Ltd
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2024-11-05 |title=Ezhil Periyavedi's Parari gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Nov/05/ezhil-periyavedis-parari-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;background:#57A0D3;" |'''29'''
|''Mayan''
|J. Rajes Kanna
|Vinod Mohan, [[Bindu Madhavi]], [[John Vijay]], [[Aadukalam Naren]]
|Fox & Crow Studios
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2024-11-16 |title=Director Rajes Khanna's Mayan gets a new release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Nov/16/director-rajes-khannas-mayan-gets-a-new-release-date |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Paraman''
|J. Sabarish
|Supergood Subramani, [[Pala. Karuppiah]], [[Vaiyapuri]], Hello Kandasamy
|Infinite Pictures
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 November 2024 |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/paraman/ET00421126 |title=Paraman (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |access-date=25 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''Saathuvan''
|Saanthosh
|Abi Saravanan, Rashitha, Kalaiyarasan
|Pavi Creations
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 November 2024 |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/saathuvan/ET00421131 |title=Saathuvan (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai - BookMyShow |access-date=25 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Silent (film)|Silent]]''
|Ganesha Pandi
|Ganesha Pandi, Samaya Murali T, Murali Radhakrishnan, [[Ramachandran Durairaj]]
|SR Dream Studios
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2024 |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/silent/ET00421354 |title=Silent (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai - BookMyShow |access-date=30 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Sorgavaasal]]''
|Sidharth Vishwanath
|[[RJ Balaji]], [[Selvaraghavan]], [[Yogi Babu]], [[Karunas]]
|Swipe Right Studios, Think Studios
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2024-11-08 |title=RJ Balaji's Sorgavaasal gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Nov/08/rj-balajis-sorgavaasal-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Thirumbipaar''
|E. Ibrahim
|[[Rishi Rithvik]], [[Vidya Pradeep]], [[Daniel Annie Pope]], [[Nanjil Sampath]]
|Pavi Vidya Lakshmi Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-26 |title=Thirumbipaar (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/thirumbipaar/ET00421133 |access-date=2024-11-27}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="22" style="text-align:center; background:#808080; textcolor:#000;" |'''D E C'''
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000;background:#C0C0C0;" |'''6'''
|''[[Blood and Black]]''
|Guru Karthikeyan
|Sugi Vijay, Yanni jackson, Sharmi, Kishore Ram
|Blue Whale Entertainments
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blood and Black (2024) - Movie {{!}} Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/blood-and-black/ET00413332 |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=BookMyShow |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Dappankuthu (film)|Dappankuthu]]''
|R.Muthu Veera
|Sankara Pandi, Dheepthi Raj, [[Kadhal Sukumar]], Andrews
|Marudham Naattuppura Paadalgal
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dappankuthu (2024) - Movie {{!}} Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/dappankuthu/ET00421132 |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=BookMyShow |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Family Padam]]''
|Selvah Kumar Thirumaaran
|[[Avishek Karthik|Udhay Karthik]], [[Vivek Prasanna]], Subhiksha Kayarohanam, Parthiban Kumar
|UK Creations
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2024-11-23 |title=Family Padam gets a release date along with a trailer |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Nov/23/family-padam-gets-a-release-date-along-with-a-trailer |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Thuval''
|Rajavel Krishna
|Raj Kumar Nagarajan, Elayaa Sekar, Sivam Dev, Nivas Rajavel
|Sieger Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/thuval/ET00420637 |title=Thuval (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |access-date=5 December 2024 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000;background:#C0C0C0;" |'''13'''
|''Antha Naal''
|Vivy Kathiresan
|Aryan Shyam, Aadhya Prasad, Lima Babu, Kishore Rajkumar
|Green Magic Entertainment
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 December 2024 |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/antha-naal/ET00421161 |title=Antha Naal (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |access-date=11 December 2024 }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Miss You (film)|Miss You]]''
|N. Rajasekar
|[[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]], [[Ashika Ranganath]], [[Karunakaran (actor)|Karunakaran]], [[Bala Saravanan]]
|7 Miles Per Second Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mullappilly |first=Sreejith |date=2024-12-02 |title=Siddharth's Miss You gets new release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Dec/02/siddharths-miss-you-gets-new-release-date |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Once Upon A Time in Madras]]''
|Prasadh Murugan
|[[Bharath (actor)|Bharath]], [[Abhirami (actress, born 1983)|Abhirami]], Shaan, [[Thalaivasal Vijay]]
|Friday Film Factory, PGS Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=B |first=Jayabhuvaneshwari |date=2024-11-27 |title=Bharath's Once Upon A Time in Madras gets new release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Nov/27/bharaths-once-upon-a-time-in-madras-gets-new-release-date |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Soodhu Kavvum 2]]''
|SJ Arjun
|[[Shiva (actor)|Shiva]], Harisha, [[Radha Ravi]], [[M. S. Bhaskar]]
|Thirukumaran Entertainment, Thangam Cinemas
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=M |first=Narayani |date=2024-11-20 |title=Soodhu Kavvum 2 gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Nov/20/soodhu-kavvum-2-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Then Chennai]]''
|Ranga
|Ranga, Riya Murugan, Nitin Mehta, Elango Kumanan
|Ranga Film Company
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-10 |title=Then Chennai (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/then-chennai/ET00420986 |access-date=2024-12-10}}</ref>
|-
|''Vidinja Enakku Kalyanam''
|Bhagavathi Bala
|Bhagavathi Bala, Snekasree, Yukitha, [[R. Sundarrajan]]
|S Films
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-10 |title= Vidinja Enakku Kalyanam (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/vidinja-enakku-kalyanam/ET00423486 |access-date=2024-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000;background:#C0C0C0;" |'''20'''
|''Iru Manasu''
|Pazhani Murukesan
|[[Kovai Senthil]]
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 December 2024 |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/iru-manasu/ET00425545 |title=Iru Manasu (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |access-date=23 December 2024 }}</ref>
|-
|''Iyyappan Thunaiyiruppan''
|Ta Mahaganesan
|Nandhini, R Azhaguraja
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 December 2024 |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/iyyappan-thunaiyiruppan/ET00425657 |title=Iyyappan Thunaiyiruppan (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |access-date=23 December 2024 }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Viduthalai Part 2]]''
|[[Vetrimaaran]]
|[[Soori (actor)|Soori]], [[Vijay Sethupathi]], [[Manju Warrier]], [[Bhavani Sre]]
|[[RS Infotainment]], [[Grass Root Film Company]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 August 2024 |title=Vetri Maaran's 'Viduthalai Part 2' to release on December 20 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vetri-maarans-viduthalai-part-2-to-release-on-december-20/articleshow/112898303.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829120415/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vetri-maarans-viduthalai-part-2-to-release-on-december-20/articleshow/112898303.cms |archive-date=29 August 2024 |access-date=29 August 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="9" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000;background:#C0C0C0;" |'''27'''
|''[[Alangu]]''
|S.P. Shakhthivel
|Gunanidhi, [[Chemban Vinod Jose|Chemban Vinod]], [[Kaali Venkat]], [[Appani Sarath]]
|DG Film Company, Magnas Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mullappilly |first=Sreejith |date=2024-12-02 |title=Kaali Venkat-Chemban Vinod's Alangu gets release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Dec/02/kaali-venkat-chemban-vinods-alangu-gets-release-date |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''B.D''
|Smith Kumar
|[[Delhi Ganesh]], Bava Lakshmanan, Boys Rajan, [[Junior Balaiah]]
|Jayaram Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-26 |title=B.D (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/bd/ET00426767 |access-date=2024-12-27}}</ref>
|-
|''Ethu Unakku Thevaya''
|Hari Deva
|[[Benjamin (actor)|Benjamin]], Chaplin Balu
|Vajra Visual Ventures, Shirdi Sairam Movies
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-26 |title=Ethu Unakku Thevaya (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/ethu-unakku-thevaya/ET00426725 |access-date=2024-12-27}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mazaiyil Nanaigiren]]''
|T. Suresh Kumar
|[[Anson Paul]], [[Reba Monica John]], Mathew Varghese, [[Anupama Kumar]]
|Rajshree Ventures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2024-12-16 |title=Mazaiyil Nanaigiren gets a new release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Dec/16/mazaiyil-nanaigiren-gets-a-new-release-date |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Nenju Porukkuthillaiye''
|Blesso Royston, Kavi Dinesh Kumar
|Jason Kaushi, Nithya Raj, M Christhudhas, Bhuvaneshwari Rameshbabu
|Navarasa Kalaikoodam
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/nenju-porukkuthillaiye/ET00425774 |title=Nenju Porukkuthillaiye (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |access-date=25 December 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Rajakili]]''
|[[Umapathy Ramaiah]]
|[[Samuthirakani]], [[Thambi Ramaiah]], Suveta Shrimpton, Miyashree Sowmya
|[[Suresh Kamatchi|V House Productions]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2024-12-03 |title=Thambi Ramaiah-Samuthirakani's Rajakili gets a new release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Dec/03/thambi-ramaiah-samuthirakanis-rajakili-gets-a-new-release-date |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[The Smile Man]]''
|Syam, Praveen
|[[R. Sarathkumar]], Sri Kumar, [[Sija Rose]], [[Ineya]]
|Magnum Movies, Ka Film Company
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2024-12-13 |title=Sarathkumar's The Smile Man gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Dec/13/sarathkumars-the-smile-man-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Thiru.Manickam]]''
|[[Nandha Periyasamy]]
|[[Samuthirakani]], [[Ananya (actress)|Ananya]], [[Bharathiraja]], [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]]
|GPRK Cinemas
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-10 |title=Thiru.Manickam Trailer: Samuthirakani Is On A Quest To Prove He's Innocent |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/the-trailer-of-thiru-manickam-is-out-now-article-116174867 |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Vaagai''
|Ram Sevaa
|[[Ramakrishnan (actor)|Ramakrishnan]], Tarushi Jha, [[Pattimandram Raja]], [[Sujatha Sivakumar]]
|Luminous Cine Talkies
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/vaagai/ET00419682 |title=Vaagai (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in chennai- BookMyShow |access-date=25 December 2024}}</ref>
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[Lists of Tamil-language films]]
* [[List of Tamil films of 2023]]
* [[List of Tamil films of 2025]]
* [[List of highest-grossing Tamil films]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist-lg}}{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Tamil cinema}}
{{Indian film list}}
{{2024 films}}

[[Category:Lists of 2024 films by language|Tamil]]
[[Category:Lists of Tamil films by year|2024]]
[[Category:2024 in Indian cinema|Tamil]]
[[Category:2024 Tamil-language films| ]]
[[Category:2020s Indian films|*]]

English Fort of Bombay

2026-04-04T09:51:32Z

DessieIqj504: Put up

{{Short description|Fort in Mumbai, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox building
| name = The English Fort of Bombay
| native_name =
| former_names =
| awards =
| image = View of Bombay Fort (1811).jpg
| caption = A view of the Fort from the Esplanade
| location = [[Fort (Mumbai precinct)|Fort]], [[Mumbai]]
| address =
| coordinates =
| altitude =
| construction_start_date =
| completion_date = 1 June 1716<ref>{{Cite book |last=James Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.529160/page/n257/mode/1up |title=Bombay And Western India Vol 1 |date=1893}}</ref>
| inauguration_date =
| demolished_date = 1862-63<ref>{{Cite book |last=James Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.529160/page/n266/mode/1up |title=Bombay And Western India Vol 1 |date=1893}}</ref>
| destruction_date =
| architect =
| landlord =
| owner =
| cost =
| floor_area =
| floor_count =
| references =
| pushpin_map =
| building_type = Fort
| architectural_style =
| structural_system =
| client = British
| current_tenants =
| height =
| other_dimensions =
| structural_engineer =
| services_engineer =
| civil_engineer =
| other_designers =
| quantity_surveyor =
| main_contractor =
| diameter =
}}
'''The English Fort of Bombay''' was a fortification situated around the present day [[Fort (Mumbai precinct)|Fort region]] in [[Mumbai]], India. Contrary to popular belief, this is different from the [[Fort George, India|Fort St.George]], which was but a northward extension of the walls. The Fort was around 1 mile long, and around a third of a mile in width. The [[Bombay Castle]] was located near its centre, it being the oldest fortification.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Murray (publishers.) |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vg0IAAAAQAAJ&dq=Fort+George,+Bombay&pg=PA274 |title=A handbook for India. Part ii. Bombay |date=1859 |pages=273 |language=en}}</ref> The walls were proposed all the way back in the latter part of 1600s by Bombay's first governor, [[Gerald Aungier]]. He proposed the erection of eight feet high walls; this was not realised until 1716, when [[Charles Boone (governor)|Charles Boone]] was the Governor.<ref>de Souza, J. P. "GERALD AUNGIER AND HIS PROJECT OF PLANTING AN ENGLISH COLONY AT BOMBAY." ''Proceedings of the Indian History Congress'', vol. 30, 1968, pp. 327. ''JSTOR'', https://www.jstor.org/stable/44141500 Accessed 27 Aug. 2024.</ref>

== The Gates ==
The Fort had Three Gates: the Bazaar Gate (North, opposite today's [[General Post Office, Mumbai|GPO]]), the Churchgate (West, on the present site of [[Flora Fountain]]), and the Apollo Gate (South, near [[Church of St. Andrew and St. Columba|St.Andrew's Church]]).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Sourendu |date=1997-07-21 |title=18th Century History of Mumbai: Mumbai/Bombay pages |url=https://theory.tifr.res.in/bombay/history/c18.html |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=theory.tifr.res.in}}</ref> Walking straight from the west gate led to the [[St. Thomas Cathedral, Mumbai|St.Thomas' Church]] (hence the name). On the other hand, the Apollo Gate was named after the [[Wellington Pier, Mumbai|Apollo Bunder]], and the Bazaar Gate after the bazaar (market) located inside. The last was a triple gate (hence, also called the Teen Darwaza), while the last two were double gates (having an inner and outer gate). In earlier times, both the Apollo gate, and Churchgate were closed at sunset, while the Bazaar Gate was shut around half an hour later. The latter was, however, available for the use of Government servants living outside till around 9:30 p.m.<ref>{{Cite book |last=James Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.529160/page/n257/mode/1up |title=Bombay And Western India Vol 1 |date=1893 |pages=257}}</ref> The Churchgate was initially called the Pawanchakki Gate (Windmill in the local language), since it would lead to the [[windmill]] on the western side of the island, that was constructed in 1725 for grinding wheat.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Māḍagã̄vakara |first=Govinda Nārāyaṇa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=50Hmdwd_bigC |title=Govind Narayan's Mumbai: An Urban Biography from 1863 |date=2008 |publisher=Anthem Press |isbn=978-1-84331-305-2 |pages=126 |language=en}}</ref>

There was also a statue of [[Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley|Marquis Wellesley]], just outside the outer Churchgate.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Douglas |first=James |url=https://archive.org/details/glimpsesofoldbom00dougrich/page/86/mode/2up?q=gate |title=Glimpses of old Bombay and western India, with other papers |date=1900 |publisher=London : S. Low, Marston |others=University of California Libraries |pages=86–87}}</ref> Businessmen in Bombay contributed towards this statue, which was ordered from England. It depicted the former governor sitting on a throne and gifting a purse to a Marathi wrestler standing in front of him. Adjacent to the wrestler was a statue of a lady, whose right hand touched a plaque engraved with the words 'Wisdom, Energy, Integrity'. Sculptures of a lion and lioness were carved in the rear. The people of Bombay referred to it as the "Pehelwan's (wrestler's) statue". Upon its installation, the statue began to be worshipped by a few, who were mistaken that the Company Sarkar had ordered an English god for their worship. For several years, the people offered coconuts, conducted poojas, and even took vows in front of the statue. Realising that this was inappropriate, the government resolved to put an end to this practice. An iron fence was installed, and a guard was appointed to warn any person who tried to worship the statue.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Māḍagã̄vakara |first=Govinda Nārāyaṇa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=50Hmdwd_bigC&q=Marquis+Wellesley+ |title=Govind Narayan's Mumbai: An Urban Biography from 1863 |date=2008 |publisher=Anthem Press |isbn=978-1-84331-305-2 |pages=130 |language=en}}</ref>

In 1845, the Bazaar and Church gates were opened throughout the day and night, while Apollo was opened on the call of gunfire, and shut at 10:00 p.m. Sentries were posted at all three gates for inspection of articles brought in, or sent out of the fort. These examined any articles that might have ammunition or arms.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Douglas |first=James |url=https://archive.org/details/glimpsesofoldbom00dougrich/page/86/mode/2up?q=gate |title=Glimpses of old Bombay and western India, with other papers |date=1900 |publisher=London : S. Low, Marston |others=University of California Libraries |pages=86–87}}</ref>

== Bombay Green ==
[[File:Panorama - From the Cathedral, Bombay. No. 5. Across old Bombay Green (12674819783).jpg|thumb|310x310px|View of the Bombay Green from the St.Thomas' Cathedral (dated.1855-62). The Town Hall is visible at the center.]]
At the centre of the Fort township, there was a large circular space called the Bombay Green. Trade of cotton took place in this central space situated in front of the [[Asiatic Society of Mumbai Town Hall|Town Hall]]. It could be easily seen by any individual standing below the Churchgate, since it was directly at the end of the Churchgate Street. Three wells dotted its Western side. These were constructed by philanthropists as a part of Water charity. One such well with a Banyan Tree was built over with a Water fountain in 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ADMIN |first=UDRI |date=2016-08-10 |title=Restoration of Pyau at Horniman Circle |url=https://www.udri.org/projects/restoration-pyau-horniman-circle/# |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=URBAN DESIGN RESEARCH INSTITUTE |language=en-US}}</ref> At the centre was a statue of [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|Marquis Cornwallis]], who was worshiped by the poor, and the labourers mistakenly as a 'Gora Dev' (translated to Fair skinned God)(visit the gallery section). Some prominent Buildings located along the Green were the [[Bombay Theatre|Bombay Theater]] building and the Fire house (Fire Brigade) at the North, and the Town Hall at the East. Eventually the Green paved way for the Elphinstone Circle, which was created slightly North of it, (to align with the Town Hall) and is now known as the [[Horniman Circle Gardens|Horniman Circle]].

== The Ditch ==
The Fort was surrounded by a [[ditch]], 2.75 mi (4.425 km) long,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Douglas |first=James |url=https://archive.org/details/glimpsesofoldbom00dougrich/page/100/mode/2up?view=theater&q=Court |title=Glimpses of old Bombay and western India, with other papers |date=1900 |publisher=London : S. Low, Marston |others=University of California Libraries |pages=85}}</ref> constructed in 1739. This was subscribed by some principal merchants, who contributed Rs.30,000 towards the work, perhaps under the fear of an attack from the [[Maratha Confederacy|Marathas]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Murray (publishers.) |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vg0IAAAAQAAJ&dq=Fort+George,+Bombay&pg=PA274 |title=A handbook for India. Part ii. Bombay |date=1859 |pages=274 |language=en}}</ref> It was filled with seawater, and could be filled or drain as desired. When it rained, some drains within the city would open into this moat.<ref name=":0" /> Waste would often be thrown into the ditch, and it was noted on 17 May 1859, that the "Ditch [was] fearfully foul." One more incident is from May 1851, when the entire ditch fell dry, something that rarely ever occurred.<ref name=":1" /> People were prohibited from washing, swimming, or fishing in it as well.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Douglas |first=James |url=https://archive.org/details/glimpsesofoldbom00dougrich/page/88/mode/2up?view=theater&q=ditch |title=Glimpses of old Bombay and western India, with other papers |date=1900 |publisher=London : S. Low, Marston |others=University of California Libraries |pages=88}}</ref>

== The Great Fire of Bombay ==
[[File:17_February_1803_Bombay_Fire_damage_map.jpg|thumb|Map indicating the damage from the 17 February 1803 Bombay Fire]]
On 17 February 1803, a fire broke out within the fort. This was in the Northern part of the fort, where the native residents lived (as opposed to the South, where the British among others lived). A total of 471 houses, 5 barracks, and 6 places of worship were burned in the fire.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chavan |first=Akshay |date=2022-03-31 |title=The Great Mumbai Fire of 1803: Have we Learnt Anything? |url=https://www.peepultree.world/livehistoryindia/story/eras/great-mumbai-fire?srsltid=AfmBOooO7c7BL073-jg-mfdpGtwrOp_-vRhyGzSRt9lmXfGCgQM-VHPp |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=PeepulTree |language=en}}</ref>

== Demolition ==
The Ramparts were eventually removed between 1862 and 1864.<ref name=":2" /> The walls were deemed unnecessary by this time, and their demolition paved the way for the expansion of the city.<ref name=":1" /> Commenting on the demolition of the walls, author James Douglas said that the walls had never been a defence, and had only protected [blocked] the city from ventilation, and the winds from the [[Konkan]]. He spoke of how the city needed proper protection only during the 1689 Siege of Bombay (during the [[Anglo-Mughal war (1686–1690)|Child's War]]), which was provided by the [[Bombay Castle]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=James Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.529160/page/n267/mode/1up?q=Green&view=theater |title=Bombay And Western India Vol 1 |date=1893}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Bombay fort.jpg|Map of the fort. The [[Ravelin]]s of the gates are-26,19,12
File:Churchgate Bombay 1863.jpg|The inner Churchgate,1863
File:Street in Bombay in the 1860s.jpg|Churchgate Street in the 1860s. Spot the Gate at the end of the road
File:Apollo Gate, Bombay, 1861.jpg|Inner Apollo Gate, Bombay, 1861
File:Apollo Gate Inscription.jpg|The Inscription from Apollo Gate of Bombay's Fort.
File:Bird's Eye View of the Esplanade, Bombay (12675742344).jpg|Bird's Eye View of the Esplanade, showing the outer Churchgate
File:Panorama - From the Cathedral, Bombay. No. 1. Looking towards Malabar Point (12675396993).jpg|View from the Cathedral, looking west.
File:Old Bombay Green (12675742934).jpg|View from the Town Hall, looking west. The Churchgate can be spotted at the end of the street
File:Fortbomaby.jpg|A street in the fort, 1883
File:BOMBAY ARSENAL.jpg|The Arsenal on Bombay's Fort
File:A View of Bombay from Malabar Point during the Fire of 1803.jpg|View of Bombay from Malabar Point during the Fire of 1803
File:The Fleet Leaving Bombay, September 11 1809 GAC 10060.jpg|The fleet under convoy of HMS Chiffone, leaving from the Apollo Gate of Bombay, 1809
File:Bombay fort from the sea.jpg|The Fort from the Harbour side
File:Statue of Marquis of Cornwallis outside Bhau Daji Lad Museum.jpg|Statue of Marquis Cornwallis hau Daji Lad Museum. It was formerly located at Bombay Green.
File:The Marques of Wellesley's Monument, Bombay, 1875.jpg|A sketch of the Statue of Marquis Wellesley outside the Churchgate (1875)
File:Statue of Marquis of Wellesley outside Bhau Daji Lad Museum.jpg|Present location of the same statue outside Bhau Daji Lad Museum.
</gallery>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Forts around Mumbai}}

{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Forts around Mumbai]]
[[Category:History of Mumbai]]
[[Category:1862 disestablishments]]
[[Category:1769 establishments in the British Empire]]
[[Category:18th-century forts in India]]
[[Category:Demolished buildings and structures in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures demolished in 1862]]

Alexis Coquillard

2026-03-29T01:41:37Z

DessieIqj504: brief adjusted content based on references and fixed typos based on references

{{short description|American fur trader and explorer (1795–1855)}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=June 2017}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Alexis Coquillard
| image = Alexis Coquillard (cropped).jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1795|9|28}}
| birth_place = [[Detroit]], [[Northwest Territory]], U.S.
| death_date = {{death date and age|1855|1|8|1795|9|28}}
| death_place = [[South Bend, Indiana]], U.S.
| resting_place = [[Campus of the University of Notre Dame#Cemeteries|Cedar Grove Cemetery]] [[Notre Dame, Indiana]], U.S.
| other_names =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = {{hlist|Fur trader|explorer}}
| years_active =
| employer =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| spouse = Frances C. Comparet
| children = 1
| signature =
}}
'''Alexis Coquillard''' (September 28, 1795 – January 8, 1855) was an American [[fur trader]], [[explorer]], and the founder of [[South Bend, Indiana]].

==Early life==
Alexis Coquillard was born on September 28, 1795, in [[Detroit]].<ref name="cemetery">{{Cite web|url=https://cemetery.nd.edu/locate-and-honor/burials-of-interest/alexis-coquillard/|title=Alexis Coquillard|website=cemetery.nd.edu| publisher=[[University of Notre Dame]]|language=en|date=May 18, 2012|accessdate=November 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122063026/https://cemetery.nd.edu/locate-and-honor/burials-of-interest/alexis-coquillard/|archive-date=November 22, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="southbend">{{cite book |author=Anderson & Cooley |date=1901 |title=South Bend and the Men who Have Made it |url=https://archive.org/details/southbendmenwhoh00ande_0 |publisher=Tribune Printing Company |pages=15, 19–20, 89}}</ref> He fought in the [[War of 1812]] under [[William Henry Harrison]].<ref name="connection">{{cite web |title=1820-1870: South Bend's French Connection – Some of the City's French-Speaking Pioneer Families |url=http://tomandkatehickeyfamilyhistory.blogspot.com/2016/11/1820-1870-south-bends-french-connection.html |language=en |access-date=March 26, 2019 |archive-date=March 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326182642/http://tomandkatehickeyfamilyhistory.blogspot.com/2016/11/1820-1870-south-bends-french-connection.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

His parents, Alexis Cerat (Serat) dit Coquillard and Cecile Tremblay, were born in Montreal, as were his paternal grandparents, Jean-Baptiste Cerat dit Coquillard (1716–1771) and Marie-Madeleine Jourdain (1719–1791).<ref name="connection"/>

==Career==
After the war, Coquillard moved to the [[St. Joseph River (Lake Michigan)|St. Joseph River valley]] in 1823.<ref name="connection"/><ref name="southbend"/> Coquillard was involved in the treaties with the Tippecanoe and Chicago after the 1814 peace.<ref name="southbend"/>

Coquillard was a friend to Father [[Edward Sorin]], and was instrumental in the founding of the [[University of Notre Dame]] in 1842. His nephew, Alexis T. Coquillard, was one of the first students of the university.<ref name="southbend"/>

Coquillard had been a [[North American fur trade|fur trader]], an industry heavily dependent on [[Native Americans in the United States|Native]] labor. In the period after [[Indian removals in Indiana|Indian removal]], he became a removal contractor, known as a “conductor,” capturing individuals who had evaded removal.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sleeper-Smith |first=Susan |title=Indian women and French men: rethinking cultural encounter in the western Great Lakes |publisher=University of Massachusetts Press |year=2001 |isbn=1-55849-308-5 |location=Amherst |page=162 |oclc=47023498}}</ref> In 1839, Coquillard built the first mill in South Bend with John A. Hendricks and John Rush. He also built a second flour mill called the Merchant's Mill. He established the Kankakee Race.<ref name="southbend"/>

In 1840, Coquillard was appointed to assist with the Indian removal of the [[Potawatomi]].<ref name="southbend"/> Coquillard and [[Lathrop M. Taylor]] gifted land for the [[South Bend City Cemetery]].<ref name="southbend"/>

==Personal life==
Coquillard married Frances C. Comparet of Detroit. They had one child, Alexis T.<ref name="southbend"/>

Coquillard died following a head injury from a beam falling during a fire at his mill on January 6, 1855. He died on January 8, 1855, at the age of 59. He was buried at [[Campus of the University of Notre Dame#Cemeteries|Cedar Grove Cemetery]] on the Notre Dame campus.<ref name="cemetery"/><ref name="southbend"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{commons category-inline}}
* [http://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexis-Coquillard Encyclopædia Britannica]
* {{Cite web |title=Alexis Coquillard papers S298 |url=http://www.in.gov/library/files/S298_Coquillard_Alexis_Papers.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905224248/http://www.in.gov/library/files/S298_Coquillard_Alexis_Papers.pdf |archive-date=September 5, 2015 |access-date=}}
* [http://www.city-data.com/us-cities/The-Midwest/South-Bend-History.html South Bend: History]
* [http://historymuseumsb.org/the-first-settlers/ South Bend History Museum]

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Coquillard, Alexis}}
[[Category:1795 births]]
[[Category:1855 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Detroit]]
[[Category:United States Army personnel of the War of 1812]]
[[Category:American fur traders]]
[[Category:History of South Bend, Indiana]]
[[Category:Deaths from head injury]]
[[Category:People from Michigan Territory]]
[[Category:Burials at Cedar Grove Cemetery (University of Notre Dame)]]

Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (Prevention and Control) Act, 2017

2026-03-26T12:19:20Z

DessieIqj504:

{{Short description|Act of the Indian Parliament}}
{{use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox legislation
|short_title = Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (Prevention and Control) Act, 2017
|legislature = [[Parliament of India]]
|imagesize = 100
|long_title = An Act to provide for the prevention and control of the spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and for the protection of human rights of persons affected by the said virus and syndrome and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
|citation = [https://nhp.gov.in/nhpfiles/hivaidsact.pdf Act No. 16 of 2017]
|territorial_extent = India
|enacted_by = [[Rajya Sabha]]
|date_passed = 21 March 2017
|enacted_by2 = [[Lok Sabha]]
|date_passed2 = 11 April 2017
|date_assented = 20 April 2017
|date_effective = 10 September 2018
|bill = The Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (Prevention and Control) Bill, 2014
|bill_citation = [http://www.prsindia.org/uploads/media/HIV/HIV-AIDS%20Bill,%202014.pdf Bill No. III of 2014]
|bill_date = 11 February 2014
|committee_report = [http://www.prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/Standing%20Committee%20Report_0.pdf Standing Committee on Ministry of Health and Family Welfare 85th Report] (29 April 2015)
|status = In force
}}

The '''Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (Prevention and Control) Act, 2017''', often shortened to the '''HIV/AIDS Prevention Act''', is an act of the [[Parliament of India]] that provides for controlling and preventing of [[HIV/AIDS]] and securing the rights of individuals diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. The bill for the act was introduced in the [[Rajya Sabha]] on 11 February 2014 and was referred to a Standing Committee on 24 February 2014, which submitted its report on 29 April 2015. After few amendments to the original 2014 bill, it was passed by the Rajya Sabha on 21 March 2017 and the [[Lok Sabha]] on 11 April 2017. It received Presidential assent on 20 April 2017, and became effective from 10 September 2018. The HIV/AIDS Prevention Act originated from a draft bill submitted by [[Lawyers Collective]], a non-governmental organization, to the [[National AIDS Control Organisation]] (NACO) in 2006. The act penalises propagation of hate against HIV/AIDS affected persons, ensures the right of HIV/AIDS affected minors to shared household, protects non-disclosure of HIV/AIDS status in the absence of court order and mandates informed consent to disclose HIV/AIDS positive identity, ''inter alia''. However, civil society organisations and HIV/AIDS affected persons criticised the act on certain legal language issues, as it mandates the state to provide HIV/AIDS affected persons with medical services "as far as possible". This aspect was absent from the draft bill submitted to NACO.

Post enactment, India reportedly came to become the first country in [[south Asia]] to statutorily prohibit discrimination against people diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. The act became effective post the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] judgment in ''[[Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India|Navtej Singh Johar and ors. v. Union of India]]'' decriminalising [[homosexuality in India]]. In 2018, the Joint United Nations Agency on AIDS reported that new HIV infections dropped from 1,20,000 in 2010 to 88,000 in 2017 in India, AIDS-related deaths from 1,60,000 to 69,000 and people living with HIV from 2,300,000 to 2,100,000 in the same time period. However, the decline rate was only 27 per-cent compared to NACO's target of 75 per-cent reduction by 2020 from 2010 levels. In 2017, NACO reported that there are 2.14 million HIV affected persons in India.

==Background and history==

In July 2000, the [[United Nations Security Council]] adopted Resolution 1308 calling for “urgent and exceptional actions” to mitigate threats posed by HIV/AIDS infection.<ref name="hindu2030"/> The process of drafting a law to prevent and control the spread of HIV/AIDS in India, while securing the rights of HIV/AIDS affected persons, commenced in 2002, following which a draft bill created by Lawyers Collective, a non-governmental organisation, was submitted to the [[National AIDS Control Organisation]] in 2006.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://pib.gov.in/newsite/printrelease.aspx?relid=161041 | title=Ensuring Equal Right to HIV/AIDS infected people | date=14 April 2017 | agency=Press Information Bureau | access-date=18 August 2019 | author=Verma, Savita | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818073121/http://pib.gov.in/newsite/printrelease.aspx%3Frelid%3D161041 | archive-date=18 August 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref> From the year 2010, an integration of HIV/AIDS interventions and primary health-care systems started with six components of the National AIDS Control Programme (NACP)-III merged with the [[National Rural Health Mission]] (NRHM).<ref name = "hindu2030"/> These included Integrated Counselling and Testing Centresers (ICTC); prevention of parent-to-child transmission; blood safety; sexually transmitted infections services; condom programming; and antiretroviral treatment (ART); the integration of HIV/AIDS interventions under the broader healthcare system continued with the NACP-IV.<ref name = "hindu2030"/>

An independent expert committee report by United Nations in 2012 noted that regressive laws were hindrances to developments in the field of HIV/AIDS, while a Global Commission Report noted that the lack of HIV/AIDS affected persons' access to healthcare facilities helped further spread the disease.<ref name="hindu2012">{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/not-positive-enough-for-people/article3628176.ece | title=Not positive enough for people | date=12 July 2012 | agency=The Hindu | access-date=18 August 2019 | author=Dhar, Aarti | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703010908/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/not-positive-enough-for-people/article3628176.ece | archive-date=3 July 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref> A United Nations report also noted that India had the third largest number of people living with HIV/AIDS in the world at the end of 2013, standing at 2.1 million affected people, accounting for about 4 out of every 10 people living with HIV/AIDS.<ref name="hindu2030">{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/aids-free-by-2030-india-included/article17834531.ece | title=AIDS-free by 2030, India included | date=6 April 2017 | agency=The Hindu | access-date=18 August 2019 | author=Solanki, and Yuk-ping lo}}</ref>

The HIV/AIDS Prevention Bill (No. III), 2014 was introduced in the Rajya Sabha on 17 February 2014 by the then [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|Minister of Health and Family Welfare]], [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]].<ref name="2016push"/> The primary objectives of the bill, ''inter alia'', were to prevent and control the spread of HIV/AIDS, prohibit discrimination against people diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, and provide such persons with effective treatment.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/the-new-hivaids-bill-is-great-but-ineffective-when-the-vulnerable-are-criminals-under-other-laws-3039176.html | title=The new HIV/AIDS Bill is great, but ineffective when the vulnerable are criminals under other laws | date=1 December 2016 | agency=Firstpost | access-date=18 August 2019 | author=Bhattacharya, Deya | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818140302/https://www.firstpost.com/india/the-new-hivaids-bill-is-great-but-ineffective-when-the-vulnerable-are-criminals-under-other-laws-3039176.html | archive-date=18 August 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref> The bill was referred to the Standing Committee on Ministry of Health and Family Welfare on 26 February 2014, and the committee submitted its report on 29 April 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Human Immunodeficiency Virus And Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (Prevention And Control) Bill, 2014|url=http://www.prsindia.org/billtrack/the-human-immunodeficiency-virus-and-acquired-immune-deficiency-syndrome-prevention-and-control-bill-2014-3126/|website=www.prsindia.org|access-date=21 May 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180522112242/http://www.prsindia.org/billtrack/the-human-immunodeficiency-virus-and-acquired-immune-deficiency-syndrome-prevention-and-control-bill-2014-3126/|archive-date=22 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The bill received push in July 2016 when the government made certain changes to the bill in response to concerns raised by the HIV/AIDS affected community and state governments.<ref name="2016push">{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/health-ministry-announced-implementation-of-hiv-aids-act-2017-all-you-need-to-know/articleshow/65764317.cms | title=Health ministry implements HIV AIDS Act 2017: All you need to know | date=11 September 2018 | agency=Times of India | access-date=18 August 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806152441/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/health-ministry-announced-implementation-of-hiv-aids-act-2017-all-you-need-to-know/articleshow/65764317.cms | archive-date=6 August 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref> It was passed by the Lok Sabha on 11 April 2017 and the Rajya Sabha on 21 March 2017.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/parliament-passes-hiv-and-aids-bill/articleshow/58132529.cms | title=Parliament passes HIV and AIDS bill | date=11 April 2017 | agency=Times of India | access-date=18 August 2019 | author=Dey, Sushmi | location=New Delhi | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180601192536/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/parliament-passes-hiv-and-aids-bill/articleshow/58132529.cms | archive-date=1 June 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rajya-sabha-passes-bill-to-ensure-rights-of-hiv-and-aids-patients/articleshow/57756483.cms | title=Rajya Sabha passes bill to ensure rights of HIV and AIDS patients | date=21 March 2017 | agency=Times of India | access-date=18 August 2019 | author=Dey, Sushmi | location=New Delhi | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180601200237/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rajya-sabha-passes-bill-to-ensure-rights-of-hiv-and-aids-patients/articleshow/57756483.cms | archive-date=1 June 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref> The then Minister for Health and Family Welfare, [[Jagat Prakash Nadda]] reiterated the government's commitment to provide medical treatment to HIV/AIDS affected persons.<ref name="pti1">{{cite news | url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/india-passes-landmark-bill-to-grant-equal-rights-to-hiv-aids-patients-3382408.html | title=India passes landmark bill to grant equal rights to HIV, AIDS patients | date=13 April 2017 | agency=Firstpost | access-date=18 August 2019 | author=PTI | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818124725/https://www.firstpost.com/india/india-passes-landmark-bill-to-grant-equal-rights-to-hiv-aids-patients-3382408.html | archive-date=18 August 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref> The bill received assent from then President [[Pranab Mukherjee]] on 20 April 2017, and was notified in the [[The Gazette of India|Gazette of India]] on 10 September 2018, thereby coming into effect.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/health-ministry-finally-implements-hiv-aids-act-2017-all-you-need-to-know-1337619-2018-09-11 | title=Health ministry finally implements HIV/AIDS Act 2017: All you need to know | date=11 September 2018 | agency=India Today | access-date=18 August 2019 | location=New Delhi | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804183720/https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/health-ministry-finally-implements-hiv-aids-act-2017-all-you-need-to-know-1337619-2018-09-11 | archive-date=4 August 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/hivaids-act-to-protect-rights-of-affected-persons-comes-into-force-1873923.html | title=HIV/AIDS Act to Protect Rights of Affected Persons Comes Into Force | date=11 September 2018 | agency=News18 | access-date=18 August 2019 | location=New Delhi | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818122418/https://www.news18.com/news/india/hivaids-act-to-protect-rights-of-affected-persons-comes-into-force-1873923.html | archive-date=18 August 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref>

Earlier in 2016 at the United Nations, India had pledged to follow targets and achieve its sustainable goal of development by fast tracking progress aimed towards ending the HIV/AIDS epidemic by 2030.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/on-hiv-aids-bill-legally-enabling/article18082488.ece | title=HIV/AIDS Bill: Legally enabling | date=18 April 2017 | agency=The Hindu | access-date=18 August 2019}}</ref> It increased funding of HIV/AIDS programmes with two-thirds of the budget for the NACP-IV being provided by the government from its domestic budget.<ref name = "hindu2030"/>

Further, on 6 September 2018, the Supreme Court delivered its judgment in ''Navtej Singh Johar and ors. v. Union of India'' decriminalising homosexuality in India, by reading down [[Section 377]] of the [[Indian Penal Code]].<ref name="th3">{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-supreme-court-trans-formed/article24949441.ece | title=The Supreme Court trans-formed | date=15 September 2018 | agency=The Hindu | access-date=18 August 2019 | author=Kothari, Jayna}}</ref> It also overruled the 2013 judgment in ''[[Suresh Kumar Koushal v. Naz Foundation]]'' and upheld the 2009 [[Delhi High Court]] judgment ''[[Naz Foundation v. Govt. of NCT of Delhi]]''.<ref name="th3"/><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/sec-377-judgment-an-atonement-for-a-grievous-error-but-a-gateway-towards-greater-freedom/story-9yfZ4027NSJpPFxqEoETqM.html | title=Sec 377 judgment: An atonement for a grievous error, but a gateway towards greater freedom | date=10 September 2018 | agency=Hindustan Times | access-date=18 August 2019 | author=Bhatia, Gautam | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818123728/https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/sec-377-judgment-an-atonement-for-a-grievous-error-but-a-gateway-towards-greater-freedom/story-9yfZ4027NSJpPFxqEoETqM.html | archive-date=18 August 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref>

==Statutory provisions==
The act prohibits discrimination against persons living with HIV/AIDS for the purposes of employment, provides for access to educational establishments of such persons, along with access to healthcare and insurance services, renting property, or running for public or private office.<ref name="krishna">{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/protecting-persons-with-hiv-aids/article24998255.ece | title=Protecting persons with HIV/ AIDS | date=21 September 2018 | agency=The Hindu | access-date=18 August 2019 | author=Rajagopal, Krishnadas}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/bWfH8nmMkMCfyP6zvPJEKL/Pending-since-2006-HIVAIDS-Bill-tabled-in-Parliament.html | title=Pending since 2006, HIV/AIDS Bill tabled in Parliament | date=11 February 2014 | agency=Live Mint | access-date=18 August 2019 | author=Krishnan, Vidya | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818110642/https://www.livemint.com/Politics/bWfH8nmMkMCfyP6zvPJEKL/Pending-since-2006-HIVAIDS-Bill-tabled-in-Parliament.html | archive-date=18 August 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref> The law also prohibits any form of expression that is deemed as inciting hatred against people infected with HIV/AIDS.<ref name = "Hindu1"/> As per the act's provisions, conducting an HIV test, medical treatment, or research on a person without their informed consent is unlawful, and it prohibits a person from being forced to disclose their HIV/AIDS status, unless mandated by a court order.<ref name = "indianexpress">{{cite news | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/what-is/hiv-aids-bill-passed-parliament-lok-sabha-nadda-discrimination-4611167/ | title=What is HIV/AIDS Bill? All your questions answered | date=13 April 2017 | agency=The Indian Express | access-date=18 August 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818110641/https://indianexpress.com/article/what-is/hiv-aids-bill-passed-parliament-lok-sabha-nadda-discrimination-4611167/ | archive-date=18 August 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref> The act also protects the rights of HIV/AIDS affected minors to shared household.<ref name = "indianexpress"/> However, no informed consent is to be required by licensed blood banks, medical research, and epidemiological purposes where an HIV test is conducted anonymously and not specifically for the purpose of identifying a HIV positive individual.<ref name="IE1">{{cite web|title=What is HIV/AIDS Bill? All your questions answered|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/what-is/hiv-aids-bill-passed-parliament-lok-sabha-nadda-discrimination-4611167/|website=The Indian Express|access-date=21 May 2018|date=13 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523010938/http://indianexpress.com/article/what-is/hiv-aids-bill-passed-parliament-lok-sabha-nadda-discrimination-4611167/|archive-date=23 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The act penalises propagation of hate against HIV/AIDS affected persons with fine and imprisonment for term of three months up to two years, while making anti-retroviral treatment (ART) a right for all HIV/AIDS affected persons.<ref name="2016push"/> It also mandates for the central and state governments to provide HIV prevention, testing, treatment, and counselling services to affected individuals.<ref name = "Hindu1">{{cite web|author=The Hindu Net Desk|title=What you need to know about the HIV/AIDS prevention Bill and its provisions|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-hivaids-prevention-bill-and-its-provisions/article17904463.ece|website=The Hindu|access-date=21 May 2018|language=en-IN|date=10 April 2017}}</ref>

==Response and criticism==
The act was criticised by the civil society and HIV/affected persons on certain legal language issues concerning provision of services by state to HIV/AIDS affected persons.<ref name="caravan">{{cite news | url=https://caravanmagazine.in/vantage/hiv-aids-act-as-far-as-possible | title="Government Will Protect Me from the Stigma, But Only If I Am Alive": The Struggle to Remove Four Words From the HIV/AIDS Act | date=4 May 2017 | agency=The Caravan | access-date=19 August 2019 | author=Misra, Shivangi | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819071806/https://caravanmagazine.in/vantage/hiv-aids-act-as-far-as-possible | archive-date=19 August 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref> The provisions mandate the state to provide HIV/AIDS affected persons with medical services "as far as possible" without taking into account the overall lack of HIV/AIDS medicines in the domestic market and the budget cuts of NACO, giving the state an escape-route from liability.<ref name="wire">{{cite news | url=https://thewire.in/health/hiv-aids-bill-rajya-sabha | title='As Far as Possible' Is as Far the Government Will Go in Committing to Treat HIV Patients | date=22 March 2017 | agency=The Wire | access-date=19 August 2019 | author=Bhuyan, Anoo | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819071809/https://thewire.in/health/hiv-aids-bill-rajya-sabha | archive-date=19 August 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref> This aspect of the act was absent from the draft bill submitted by Lawyers Collective to NACO.<ref name="caravan"/> India reportedly came to become the first country in south Asia to statutorily prohibit discrimination against people diagnosed with HIV/AIDS.<ref>{{cite web|author=Manveena Suri|title=India to ban discrimination against those with HIV/AIDS|url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/04/12/health/india-hiv-discrimination/index.html|website=CNN|date=12 April 2017 |access-date=21 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180522111758/https://www.cnn.com/2017/04/12/health/india-hiv-discrimination/index.html|archive-date=22 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Steve Kraus of the U.N. AIDS Regional Support Team for Asia and the Pacific hailed the act for it will "remove barriers and empower people to challenge violations of their human rights".<ref name="locsite">{{cite web | url=https://www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/india-law-bans-discrimination-against-aids-patients/ | title=India: Law Bans Discrimination Against AIDS Patients | publisher=Library of Congress | date=27 April 2017 | access-date=18 August 2019 | author=Johnson, Constance | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221222028/http://www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/india-law-bans-discrimination-against-aids-patients/ | archive-date=21 February 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref> While Huidrom Rosenara of the India HIV/AIDS Alliance noted instances of discrimination in various fields against HIV/AIDS affected persons and stated the act to be a "long awaited and positive move".<ref name="locsite"/>

In 2017, UNAIDS reported the adult HIV prevalence in India to be 0.28 per-cent.<ref name = "declinerate"/> The number of HIV affected persons in India declined from 5.1 million in 2003 to 2.1 million in 2016, partly owing to [[World Health Organization]]'s revised methodology to calculate the decline which had brought down HIV estimates for India to 2.5 million in 2007.<ref name = "declinerate"/> In 2018, the Joint United Nations Agency on AIDS reported that new HIV infections dropped from 1,20,000 in 2010 to 88,000 in 2017 in India, AIDS-related deaths from 1,60,000 to 69,000 and people living with HIV from 2,300,000 to 2,100,000 in the same time period.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/rate-of-hiv-infections-drop-majorly-in-india-shows-latest-un-report-1886634 | title=Latest UN Report Shows Major Drop In Rate Of HIV Infections In India | date=20 July 2018 | agency=NDTV | access-date=18 August 2019 | author=PTI | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818131049/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/rate-of-hiv-infections-drop-majorly-in-india-shows-latest-un-report-1886634 | archive-date=18 August 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref> The decline percentage for new HIV infections was 27 per-cent between 2010 and 2017, while NACO's target is to achieve a 75 per-cent reduction by 2020 from 2010 levels.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://scroll.in/pulse/895808/the-number-of-new-hiv-cases-in-india-is-falling-but-not-fast-enough-and-theres-a-risk-of-resurgence | title=The number of new HIV cases in India is falling but not fast enough and there's a risk of resurgence | date=27 September 2018 | agency=Scroll | access-date=18 August 2019 | author=Bhattacharya, Papiya | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818131047/https://scroll.in/pulse/895808/the-number-of-new-hiv-cases-in-india-is-falling-but-not-fast-enough-and-theres-a-risk-of-resurgence | archive-date=18 August 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref> The decline rate in infections was the most among transgender persons, HIV prevalence drop being 29.6 per-cent in 2006 to 3.14 per-cent in 2017, followed by the decline rate in infections amongst homosexual men — there are no separate estimates for transgender persons prior to 2006.<ref name = "declinerate">{{cite news | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/hiv-cases-in-india-drop-more-than-50-but-challenges-remain/story-nE8wetmZ8cjDYM0KIZZnwK.html | title=HIV cases in India drop more than 50% but challenges remain | date=19 January 2018 | agency=Hindustan Times | access-date=18 August 2019 | author=Sharma, Sanchita | location=New Delhi | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818131051/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/hiv-cases-in-india-drop-more-than-50-but-challenges-remain/story-nE8wetmZ8cjDYM0KIZZnwK.html | archive-date=18 August 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref> NACO reported in 2017 that India has around 2.14 million HIV affected persons, accounting for 0.22 per-cent of the 15–49 years age group in the country.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/66RTqDzQBvPBe6PtXLd9UN/214-mn-people-with-HIV-in-India-NACO.html | title=2.14 mn people with HIV in India: NACO | date=14 September 2018 | agency=Livemint | access-date=18 August 2019 | author=Sharma, Neetu C. | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818131709/https://www.livemint.com/Politics/66RTqDzQBvPBe6PtXLd9UN/214-mn-people-with-HIV-in-India-NACO.html | archive-date=18 August 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.prsindia.org/uploads/media/HIV/H%20I%20V%20Amendment%20Bill.pdf Notice of amendments to the bill (15 November 2016)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213090936/http://www.prsindia.org/uploads/media/HIV/H%20I%20V%20Amendment%20Bill.pdf |date=13 December 2016 }}

{{LGBT in India}}

[[Category:Acts of the Parliament of India 2017]]
[[Category:LGBTQ rights in India]]
[[Category:Prevention of HIV/AIDS]]

Puducherry Prevention of Anti-Social Activities Act

2026-03-25T18:17:43Z

DessieIqj504: enhance structure also and corrected details

#REDIRECT [[Puducherry Prevention of Anti-social Activities Act, 2008]]

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All Assam Students' Union

2026-03-21T08:39:27Z

DessieIqj504: further update intro additionally and improved wording per sources

{{Short description|Students' organisation in Assam, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = All Assam Students' Union
| image = Assam movement symbol.svg
| caption = Symbol of the [[Assam Movement]]
| size = 200px
| abbreviation = AASU
| formation = {{Start date and age|1967|8|8|df=yes}}
| extinction =
| type = [[Student society|Student organization]]
| purpose =
| headquarters = [[Gauhati University]]
| region_served = [[Assam ]]
| leader_title = President
| leader_name = Utpal Sarma
| leader_title2 = Chief Advisor
| leader_name2 = Samujjal Bhattacharjya
| leader_title3 =
| leader_name3 =
| leader_title4 = General Secretary
| leader_name4 = Samiron Phukan
}}
'''All Assam Students' Union '''or '''AASU''' is an Assamese nationalist student's organization in [[Assam]], [[India]]. It is best known for leading the six-year [[Assam Movement]] against [[Bengalis]] of both Indian and Bangladeshi origin living in Assam.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://thewire.in/politics/assam-hindu-bangladeshi-citizenship | title=Bengali Outfit Rejects Assam Accord, Attacks Students' Union Office|publisher=The Wire}}</ref> The original leadership of the organisation, after the historic [[Assam Accord]] of 1985, became part of the newly formed [[Asom Gana Parishad]] which formed a state government in Assam..

==History==
A student union, ''Asom Chattra Sanmilan'' was formed on 25 December 1916 under the leadership of Karmabir Chandranath Sarma and Rasaraj Lakshminath Bezbaroa, originally formed to promote Assamese literature, language and culture, but later raised socio-political and economic demands.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Formation of Asom ChhatraSanmilan |url=https://www.indianculture.gov.in/digital-district-repository/district-repository/formation-asom-chhatrasanmilan |url-status=live}}</ref> Earlier it had held a special session in Gauhati and launched a strike and picketing campaign against the Cunningham Circular of 1930. In 1940, the ''Asom Chattra Sanmilan'' (Assam Students' Association) divided into the All Assam Student Federation and the All Assam Students' Congress.{{cn|date=October 2024}} A decade later the two recombined as the All Assam Students' Association, which was later renamed All Assam Students' Union in January 1967.<ref name="Karna">{{cite book|last=Karna|first=Mahendra Narain|title=Social Movements in North-East India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-3FJEfU3swcC|year=1998|publisher=Indus Publishing|location=New Delhi|isbn=8173870837}}</ref><ref name="Deka">{{cite book|last=Deka|first= Meeta|title=Student Movements in Assam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N5XkAAAAMAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Vikas Pub. House|location=New Delhi|isbn=0706998820}}</ref> In August 1967, the Union "established itself as a formal organisation and adopted its Constitution".<ref name="Deka"/>

==Assam agitation==
AASU formed the All Assam Gana Sangram Parishad in August 1979 consisting of AASU, Assam Sahitya Sabha, Purbanchaliya Lok Parishad. The Jatiyatabadi Dal, Asom Yubak Samaj and Young Lawyers Forum also joined the Gana Parisha later on. AASU started observing massive satyagraha on the lines of India freedom struggle.

==Assam Accord==
Finally the central government signed the historic [[Assam Accord]] in 1985 to resolve the matter. The agitation ended and AGP won the election to the state Legislative Assembly and its leader became the chief minister of the state.

Under the Assam Accord, a person who came to Assam from [[East Pakistan]] after 1951 and before 1971 was given citizenship. The Assam Accord stated in clause 6 that while giving citizenship to immigrants, constitutional protection will be given to the original citizens of Assam. The [[Illegal Migrants (Determination by Tribunal) Act, 1983]] (IMDT Act) was enacted by the Parliament of India in 1983 . This Act was struck down by the Supreme Court of India in 2005.

The IMDT Act 1983 described the procedures to detect illegal immigrants (from Bangladesh) and expel them from Assam. It was applicable to the state of Assam only whereas in other states, detection of foreigners was done under [[The Foreigners Act, 1946]].

== Citizenship Amendment Bill ==

The Lok Sabha on 9th Dec 2019 passed the bill for Citizenship (Amendment) 2019 with 311 votes in favour and 80 against. The [[Rajya Sabha]] on 11th Dec 2019 passed the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2019, with 125 votes in favour and 99 against.

The students' union stated that it opposes the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill stating that it is unconstitutional.

Following the passage of the bill, AASU, along with several Nationalist organisations like [[Krishak Mukti Sangram Samiti|KMSS]][[Citizenship Amendment Act protests|, launched a mass protest against the bill.]]

Following the failure of the protest, AASU and Asom Jatiyatabadi Yuba Chatra Parishad (AJYCP) came together to launch a new regional political party, [[Assam Jatiya Parishad]] (AJP) in September 2020 to contest the [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ahead-of-2021-assembly-polls-aasu-ajycp-tie-up-to-form-assam-jatiya-parishad/story-dTLwHkIOcqMebPAceZs8GI.html|title=Ahead of 2021 assembly polls, AASU-AJYCP tie up to form Assam Jatiya Parishad|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|author=Utpal Parashar|date=14 September 2020}}</ref> The primary reason of forming the AJP and contesting elections was securing the interests of the indigenous people of Assam.

==See also==
*[[Asom Sena]]
*[[Assamese Language Movement]]
*[[Assam Movement]]
*[[Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019|Citizenship Amendment Act]]
*[[Northeast Students' Organization]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1967 establishments in Assam]]
[[Category:Asom Gana Parishad]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Assam]]
[[Category:Student organizations established in 1967]]
[[Category:Students' unions in India]]
[[Category:Volunteer organisations in India]]
[[Category:Anti-immigration politics in India]]

==Official website ==
* [https://www.allassamstudentsunion.org/ Official Site ]

Hapur

2026-03-18T15:37:51Z

DessieIqj504: creating first data w/ sources

{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Hapur
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Haripur
| nickname =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|28.730937|N|77.775736|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of Uttar Pradesh|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Meerut division|Meerut]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of Uttar Pradesh|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Hapur district|Hapur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal council (India)|Municipal Council]]
| governing_body = Hapur Municipal Council
| leader_title = Municipal Chairperson
| leader_name = Pushpa Devi<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sec.up.nic.in/site/NewWinnerList2023.aspx|title=2023 UP Municipal Election results|work=ECI Uttar Pradesh|accessdate=22 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/hapur/hapur-palika-seat-bsp-candidate-win-hapur-news-c-30-1-106215-2023-05-13|title=Pushpa Devi wins Hapur Municipal Council Chairman seat|work=Amar Ujala|accessdate=22 May 2023}}</ref>
| leader_party = [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]
| leader_title1 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly|MLA]]
| leader_name1 = Vijay Pal ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
| leader_title2 = [[District Magistrate]]
| leader_name2 = Abhishek Pandey<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.khabarwala24.com/uttar-pradesh/hapur/hapurnew-district-magistrate-abhishek-pandey-took-charge/81242/|title=Hapur हापुड़ के नए जिलाधिकारी अभिषेक पांडेय ने संभाला कार्यभार|work=Khabarwala24|accessdate=22 April 2025}}</ref>
, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]<ref>{{cite web |title=District Hapur |url=https://hapur.nic.in/ |website=Bureaucracy.com |date=19 January 2022 |access-date=21 January 2022}}</ref>
| leader_title3 = [[Superintendent of Police|SP]]
| leader_name3 = Kunwar Gyananjay Singh, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Deepak Bhuker, IPS, Posted as Superintendent of Police, Hapur, Uttar Pradesh |url=https://www.indianbureaucracy.com/deepak-bhuker-ips-posted-as-sp-hapur-up/ |website=Bureaucracy.com |date=11 August 2021 |access-date=21 January 2022}}</ref>
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 216.1032
| population_total = 317004
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="IndianCensu2011HapurCity">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011 – Uttar Pradesh – District Census Handbook – Ghaziabad |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0909_PART_B_DCHB_GHAZIABAD.pdf |pages=26–33 |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=8 October 2021}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Native
| demographics1_info2 = [[Kauravi dialect|Khariboli]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 245101
| area_code_type = 0122
| area_code = 5731
| registration_plate = UP-37
| website = http://hapur.nic.in/
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Hapur''' is a city and the administrative headquarters of [[Hapur district]], in [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. Located about {{convert|60|km|mi}} east of [[New Delhi]], the city is part of the [[National Capital Region (India)|Delhi National Capital Region (NCR)]]. [[National Highway 9 (India)|National Highway 9]] passes through the city, connecting it to [[Delhi]].

==History==
Hapur is said to have been founded in the tenth century.<ref name=EB11V12Hapur>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Hapur |volume= 12 |page = 934 }}</ref><ref name=EB14V11Hapur>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopædia Britannica |edition=14th |volume=11 |page=167 |chapter=Hapur |year=1956 |location=Chicago |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.}}</ref>

Hapur is listed in the ''[[Ain-i-Akbari]]'' as a [[pargana]] under Delhi [[sarkar (administrative division)|sarkar]], producing a revenue of 2,103,589 [[dam (Indian coin)|dam]]s for the imperial treasury and supplying a force of 300 infantry and 4 cavalry.<ref name="Ain-i-Akbari">{{cite book |last=Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak |translator-last=Jarrett |translator-first=Henry Sullivan |title=The Ain-i-Akbari |date=1891 |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bengal |location=Calcutta |page=288 |url=https://archive.org/details/ainiakbarivolum00mubgoog |access-date=21 January 2021}}</ref>

It was granted by [[Daulat Scindia]] to his French general [[Pierre Cuillier-Perron]] at the end of the 18th century. Under the [[British Raj]], Hapur was within [[Meerut District]], was surrounded by several fine groves, and carried on considerable trade in sugar, [[jaggery]] (gur), grain, cotton, timber, bamboo, and brass and steel utensils.<ref name=EB11V12Hapur />
Hapur participated heavily in the [[1857 Rebellion]] lead by the local [[Gurjar]] [[Zamindars]]<ref> Stokes, E. (1969). Rural Revolt in the Great Rebellion of 1857 in India: A Study of the Saharanpur and Muzaffarnagar Districts. The Historical Journal, 12(4), 606–627. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2638016 </ref> The important [[cavalry]] remount depot and farm of [[Babugarh]] adjoined the town.<ref name=EB14V11Hapur /> Earlier it was within [[Ghaziabad district, Uttar Pradesh|Ghaziabad]] district but in 2012 it became a separate district. It comes within Meerut commissionaire.

==Geography==
Hapur is located at {{Coord|28.72|N|77.78|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Hapur.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Hapur]</ref> It has an average elevation of 213 metres (699 feet) (higher than its neighbours).

==Climate==
{{Main|Climate of Uttar Pradesh}}
Hapur has a [[monsoon]]-influenced [[humid subtropical]] climate characterised by very hot summers and cool winters. Summers last from early April to late June and are extremely hot, with temperatures reaching {{convert|43|C|F}}.<ref name=ch3>{{cite web|title=Chapter 3 – Findings: Metro Cities of India|url=http://www.cpcb.nic.in/EnvironmetalPlanning/ground/Chapter3.pdf|publisher=Central Pollution Control Board|access-date=1 April 2011|pages=63|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923210838/http://www.cpcb.nic.in/EnvironmetalPlanning/ground/Chapter3.pdf|archive-date=23 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The monsoon arrives in late June and continues until the middle of September. Temperatures drop slightly, with plenty of cloud cover, but with higher humidity. Temperatures rise again in October; and the city then has a mild, dry winter season from late October to the middle of March.<ref name=ch3/>

Rainfall is about 90 cm to 100 cm per annum, which is suitable for growing crops. Most of the rainfall is received during the monsoon. Humidity varies from 30 to 100%.<ref name=ch3/>

{{Clear}}
{{Weather box 
| collapsed =
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| location = Hapur(1971–2000)
| temperature colour =
|Jan record high C = 29.3
|Feb record high C = 32.2
|Mar record high C = 39.5
|Apr record high C = 43.5
|May record high C = 45.8
|Jun record high C = 46.1
|Jul record high C = 46.0
|Aug record high C = 40.0
|Sep record high C = 39.0
|Oct record high C = 38.0
|Nov record high C = 34.5
|Dec record high C = 30.0
|year record high C = 46.1
|Jan high C = 21.9
|Feb high C = 23.1
|Mar high C = 28.7
|Apr high C = 36.3
|May high C = 39.1
|Jun high C = 37.6
|Jul high C = 33.6
|Aug high C = 32.6
|Sep high C = 33.7
|Oct high C = 32.8
|Nov high C = 28.6
|Dec high C = 23.5
|year high C = 31.1
|Jan low C = 7.2
|Feb low C = 9.1
|Mar low C = 13.8
|Apr low C = 19.9
|May low C = 24.3
|Jun low C = 26.0
|Jul low C = 25.9
|Aug low C = 25.5
|Sep low C = 23.6
|Oct low C = 18.2
|Nov low C = 12.4
|Dec low C = 8.0
|year low C = 17.7
|Jan record low C = 0.2
|Feb record low C = 0.1
|Mar record low C = 5.4
|Apr record low C = 8.3
|May record low C = 15.4
|Jun record low C = 17.7
|Jul record low C = 16.5
|Aug record low C = 19.0
|Sep record low C = 15.7
|Oct record low C = 7.2
|Nov record low C = 1.8
|Dec record low C = 0.2
|year record low C = 0.1
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 19.7
|Feb precipitation mm = 24.9
|Mar precipitation mm = 24.4
|Apr precipitation mm = 12.8
|May precipitation mm = 19.1
|Jun precipitation mm = 101.2
|Jul precipitation mm = 299.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 264.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 115.4
|Oct precipitation mm = 25.9
|Nov precipitation mm = 4.3
|Dec precipitation mm = 13.4
|year precipitation mm = 945.0
|Jan rain days = 1.5
|Feb rain days = 1.7
|Mar rain days = 1.7
|Apr rain days = 0.9
|May rain days = 1.6
|Jun rain days = 4.9
|Jul rain days = 11.2
|Aug rain days = 9.4
|Sep rain days = 6.2
|Oct rain days = 1.6
|Nov rain days = 0.4
|Dec rain days = 0.9
|year rain days = 42.0
|source 1 = India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to 2010)<ref name= IMD >{{cite web
| url = http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/extreme/meerut2.htm
| title = Meerut Climatological Table Period: 1971–2000
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = 15 April 2015
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140214130716/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/extreme/meerut2.htm
| archive-date = 14 February 2014
| url-status = dead
}}</ref><ref name=IMD2>{{cite web
|url=http://www.imdpune.gov.in/Temp_Extremes/histext2010.pdf
|title=Ever recorded Maximum and minimum temperatures up to 2010
|publisher=India Meteorological Department
|access-date=15 April 2015
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316064314/http://www.imdpune.gov.in/Temp_Extremes/histext2010.pdf
|archive-date=16 March 2014
}}</ref>
|date=April 2015}}

==Demographics==
{{See also|List of cities in Uttar Pradesh}}

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Hapur (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|66.27}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Uttar Pradesh|Islam]]|green|32.12}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|0.82}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.79}}
|caption=Distribution of religions
}}

According to the 2011 census, Hapur had a population of 262,983, consisting of 139,525 males and 123,458 females. The literacy rate was 63.40%: 80.66% for males and 66.59% for females. 14.35% of the population was from 0–6 years. Scheduled Castes make up 29.62% of the population.<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web |year=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Ghaziabad |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1214/download/3870/DH_2011_0909_PART_A_DCHB_GHAZIABAD.pdf |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

[[Hinduism]] is the majority religion in Hapur city, with 174,278 (66.27%) followers. Islam is the second-most popular religion in Hapur, with 84,477 (32.12%). Followers of [[Sikhism]] number 2,163 (0.82%), [[Jainism]] 981 (0.37%), Christianity 765 (0.29%), and [[Buddhism]] 162 (0.06%). Approximately 156 (0.06%) stated "No Particular Religion" and 1 (0.00%) stated "Other Religion".<ref name="religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttar Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11394/download/14507/DDW09C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

{{pie chart
|thumb = left
|caption = Languages in Hapur (2011)<ref name="Lang"/>
|label1 = [[Hindi]] |value1 = 80.44 |color1 = orange
|label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 18.30 |color2 = green
|label3 = Others |value3 = 1.26 |color3 = grey
}}

[[Hindi]] is the most spoken language. Other languages such as Urdu are spoken by a minority.<ref name="Lang">{{cite web |title=2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue – Uttar Pradesh (Town Level) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10235/download/13347/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-0900.XLSX |access-date=27 June 2022 |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Hapur-Pilkhuwa Development Authority==
Many high-standard educational and research institutes are being established in the Hapur-Pilkhuwa Development Region, e.g. a dental college and research institute, engineering colleges, commerce colleges a [[Delhi Public School Society|Delhi Public School]] branch, and other educational and research centres. Similarly, in housing development, many famous developers like Ansal Housing Group, Eros Group, etc., are investing large amounts of money in constructing housing for the town.<ref name=HPDAProfile>{{cite web |title=A Brief Profile – The Genesis of Hapur Pilkhuwa Development Authority |url=http://hpdaonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7&Itemid=7 |website=Hapur-Pilkhuwa Development Authority |access-date=13 May 2014}}</ref>

==Notable people==


*[[Ram Charan (consultant)|Ram Charan]], business consultant, is originally from Hapur
*[[Charan Singh]], the former [[prime minister of India]], was born in the village of Noorpur, Hapur.

==See also==
* [[Asouda]]
* [[Bhudia]]
* [[Dhaulana]]
* [[Garhmukteshwar]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Hapur|short=x}}

{{Hapur district}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Hapur district]]
[[Category:Cities in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Hapur]]

List of characters in the Mahabharata

2026-03-12T14:35:08Z

DessieIqj504: minor update

{{Short description|Cast of ancient Sanskrit epic}}

{{More citations needed|date=March 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
[[File:The Humiliation of Draupadi.jpg|thumb|A 19th-century miniature painting illustrating the ''Cheer Haran'' (Disrobing of [[Draupadi]]) episode, featuring prominent characters (Pandavas, Draupadi, Kauravas and their main allies) in the Kuru court.]]
The ''[[Mahabharata]]'' is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India composed by [[Veda Vyasa]]. At its heart lies the epic struggle between the [[Pandavas]] and the [[Kauravas]]. The central characters include the five Pandava brothers—[[Yudhishthira]], [[Bhima]], [[Arjuna]], [[Nakula]], and [[Sahadeva]]—along with their wife [[Draupadi]]. On the opposing side, the hundred [[Kaurava]] brothers are led by the elder brother, [[Duryodhana]]. However, the ''Mahabharata'' is richly populated with other notable figures including [[Krishna]], [[Bhishma]], [[Drona]], [[Karna]], [[Kunti]], [[Dushasana]], [[Kripa]], [[Dhritrashtra]], [[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]], [[Shakuni]], [[Ashwatthama]], [[Balarama]], [[Vyasa]], [[Abhimanyu]], [[Pandu]], [[Satyavati]] and [[Amba (Mahabharata)|Amba]].

The ''Mahabharata'' manuscripts exist in numerous versions, wherein the specifics and details of major characters and episodes vary, often significantly. Except for the sections containing the ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]'' which is remarkably consistent between the numerous manuscripts, the rest of the epic exists in many versions.<ref>{{cite book|first= Robert N.|last= Minor|title= Bhagavad Gita: An Exegetical Commentary|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ru_RjwEACAAJ|year =1982|publisher= South Asia Books|isbn= 978-0-8364-0862-1|pages=L–LI}}; Quote: "The current text of the Bhagavad gita is well-preserved with relatively few variant readings and none quite serious. This is especially remarkable in the light of the numerous variants for the remainder of the Mahabharata, some of which are quite serious. Secondary insertions are found in individual manuscripts of the Gita, but these are clearly secondary. The number of stanzas in the Gita is 700, a number confirmed by Shankara, and possibly deliberately chosen in order to prevent interpolations."</ref> The differences between the Northern and Southern recensions are particularly significant, with the Southern manuscripts more profuse and longer.{{sfn|McGrath|2004|pp=19–21 with footnotes}} The manuscripts found in the [[North India|North]] and [[South India]] have "great divergence" in details, though the thematic essence is similar.{{sfn|McGrath|2004|pp=21–22}} Scholars have attempted to construct a [[critical edition]], relying mostly on a study of the Bombay edition, the Poona edition, the Calcutta edition and the south Indian editions of the ''Mahabharata'' manuscripts. The most accepted version is one prepared by scholars led by Vishnu Sukthankar at the [[Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute]], preserved at the [[Kyoto University]], the [[Cambridge University]] and various Indian universities.{{sfn|McGrath|2004|pp=21–26 with footnotes}}<ref>[https://sanskritdocuments.org/mirrors/mahabharata/mahabharata-bori.html Critical Edition Prepared by Scholars at Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute BORI], Muneo Tokunaga, Kyoto University (1998)</ref>

This list follows the ''Critical Edition of the Mahabharata'', but may have characters exclusive to a particular recension.{{refn|group=note|The list tries to mention as many characters as possible, but is not complete. It contains characters appearing in ''[[Harivamsa]]'', a book connected to ''Mahabharata''. Characters appearing in folk tales are excluded.}}

==A==
=== Abhimanyu ===
{{Main|Abhimanyu}}

===Adhiratha===
Adhiratha was the foster-father of Karna. According to the ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'', Adhiratha was descended from [[Yayati]] and therefore was related to [[Krishna]]. He was also the descendant of [[Romapada]],<ref name="Sukhdev Singh Chib">{{cite book|last=Chib|first=Sukhdev Singh|title=Bihar|year=1980|page=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V8S1AAAAIAAJ&q=Rompad,Angadesh}}</ref> the king of [[Anga]] and brother-in-law of [[Dashratha|Dasharatha]]'s descendant Shighra, king of [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)|Ayodhya]]. His wife was Radha and their biological sons were Shatrunjaya and Chitrasena.

===Adrika===
Adrika was an [[apsara]], who was cursed to become a fish and only to be liberated when she gives birth to a human. Adrika, as a fish, lived in the river [[Yamuna]]. Once she came in contact with the semen of [[Uparichara Vasu|Uparichara]] and impregnated herself. After 10 months, some [[Dashraj|fishermen]] caught her, cut open her womb and found two children{{mdash}}[[Matsyagandha]] and [[Matsya Kingdom|Matsya]]. After the incident, Adrika was liberated from her curse and returned to heaven.{{sfn|Chakravarti|2007}}{{page needed|date=June 2024}}

===Agni===
{{main|Agni#epics}}

=== Alambusha ===
Alambusha was a [[Rakshasa]]. In the [[Kurukshetra War]], he fought from the Kaurava side. During the war, he defeated [[Iravan]], son of Pandava prince [[Arjuna]]. Later on the 14th day of Kurukshetra war, Alambusha was killed by Bhima's son, [[Ghatotkacha]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dalal|first=Roshen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zrk0AwAAQBAJ&q=Alambusha|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|date=2014-04-18|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=978-81-8475-277-9|language=en}}</ref>

=== Alayudha ===
He was a demon and friend of another demon named Alambusha. He and Alambusha were killed by [[Bhima]]'s demon son [[Ghatotkacha]] during the Night war on the fourteenth day of the war.

=== Agastya ===
{{Main|Agastya}}

=== Amba ===
{{Main|Amba (Mahabharata)}}

=== Ambalika ===
{{Main|Ambalika}}

===Ambika===
{{Main|Ambika (Mahabharata)}}

==== Ambika's maid ====
The chief maid of [[Ambika (Mahabharata)|Ambika]] was sent by Ambika and Ambalika to Maharishi [[Vyasa]]. From their union, [[Vidura]] was born.

===Amitaujas===
Amitaujas is the mighty warrior of [[Pañcāla|Panchala]] Kingdom. He was the maharatha on the side of Pandavas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2020-04-01 |title=Section CLXXII [Mahabharata, English] |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-mahabharata-mohan/d/doc375110.html |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>

=== Arjuna ===
{{Main|Arjuna}}

===Aruni===
{{Main|Uddalaka Aruni#Mahabharata}}

=== Ashvapati ===
A king of [[Madra kingdom|Madra]] and the father of Savitri

===Ashvins===
{{Main|Ashvins}}

=== Ashwatthama ===
{{Main|Ashwatthama}}

===Astika===
{{Main|Astika (Hinduism)}}

===Ayu===
Ayu or Ayus was an ancestor of Shantanu. He was a son [[Pururavas]] and his apsara wife, [[Urvashi]]. He married Prabha, an asura princess (daughter of Swarbhanu). He was succeeded by his son [[Nahusha]].{{sfn|Mani|1975|p=96}}

=== Ayoda Dhaumya ===
Ayoda Dhaumya/ Dhaumya was a sage of Avanti. He had three disciples namely [[Aruni]] of Panchal, [[Upamanyu]] and Veda. He even accompanied the Pandavas into the forest of Kurujangala during their exile. He sang songs of [[Sama Veda]] referring to [[Yama]].

==B==
=== Babhruvahana ===
{{Main|Babruvahana}}

===Bahlika===
{{Main|Bahlika (Mahabharata)}}

=== Bakasura ===
{{Main|Bakasura}}

=== Balandhara ===
Balandhara, sometimes also written as Valandhara, was the princess of the [[Kingdom of Kashi|Kashi Kingdom]], daughter of King Devesha and wife of [[Bhima]]. They both had a son Sarvaga, who became the King of Kashi after the [[Kurukshetra War]]. Sarvaga's granddaughter Vapusthama married [[Janamejaya]], the great-grandson of [[Arjuna]], and bore him two sons – Shatanika and Sahashranika.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hinduism |first1=Glorious |date=1 January 2016 |title=Kasi Kingdom |url=https://glorioushinduism.com/2015/12/31/kasi-kingdom/ |website=Glorious Hinduism}}</ref>

=== Balarama ===
{{Main|Balarama}}

===Banasena===
He was a son of [[Karna]]. He was an excellent Mace-wielder. On the 16th day of the war, Banasena was fighting with [[Bhima]] and later killed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m08/index.htm|title=The Mahabharata, Book 8: Karna Parva Index|website=Internet Sacred Text Archive}}</ref>

===Bhadra and Madira===
Bhadra and Madira were 3rd and 4th wives of [[Vasudeva]]. They were the daughters of Giribhanu/Sumukha and Padmavati/Pataladevi, and elder sisters of [[Yashoda]]. Bhadra's sons were Upanidhi, Gada and Keshi. Madira's sons were Nanda, Upananda, Kritaka and Shura. They cremated themselves with Vasudeva.

=== Bhadrakali ===
{{Main|Bhadrakali}}
Bhadrakali is the fierce form of Devi. To destroy Daksha yajna, She appeared with Veerabhadra. She also mentioned in Shalya Parva, when she was the one of followers of [[Kartikeya]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=The Mahabharata, Book 9: Shalya Parva: Section 46 |url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m09/m09046.htm |access-date=2022-12-09 |website=sacred-texts.com}}</ref>

=== Bhagadatta ===
{{Main|Bhagadatta}}

===Bharadvaja===
{{Main|Bharadwaja}}

=== Bharata ===
{{Main|Bharata (Mahabharata)}}

===Bhima===
{{Main|Bhima}}

=== Bhima of Vidarbha ===
In the Vana Parva of the epic, sage [[Markandeya]] narrated the story of [[Nala]] and [[Damayanti]]. Bhima was the king of Vidarbha and the father of [[Damayanti]].

=== Bhishma ===
{{Main|Bhishma}}

=== Bhrigu ===
{{Main|Bhrigu}}

===Bhurishravas===
{{Main|Bhurishravas}}

===Budha===
{{Main|Budha}}

=== Brahma ===
{{Main|Brahma}}

=== Brihadashva ===
A sage who councels Yudhishthira during his exile, narrates ''[[Nala and Damayanti|Nalopakhyana]]'' and blesses Yudhishthira with skill in dicing.

===Brihaspati===
{{Main|Brihaspati}}

==C==
===Chandra===
{{Main|Chandra}}

===Chandravarma Kamboja===
Chandravarma Kamboja is the first [[Kambojas|Kamboja]] king of solar race mentioned by name in the ''[[Mahābhārata]]''.<ref>Political History of Ancient India, 1953, p 150, Hemchandra Raychaudhuri, University of Calcutta.</ref><ref>''The People and Culture of Bengal, a Study in Origins: A Study in Origins'', 2002, p 564, Annapurna Chattopadhyaya.</ref><ref>Lord Mahāvīra and his times, 1974, p 213, Kailash Chand Jain.</ref><ref>Ancient Indian History, 1988, p 149, Madhavan Arjunan Pillai.</ref> He appears to have been an ancient very powerful and renowned (''vikhyaat'') ruler of the Kambojas. He finds mention in the Adiparva section of the [[Epic poetry|epic]] ''[[Mahābhārata]]'', where he is stated to be an Asura or a [[demon]]ic ruler.<ref>Epic Mythology, 1969, p 62, Edward Washburn Hopkins.</ref><ref>See epic referential link: [http://www.ibiblio.org/sripedia/ebooks/mb/m01/m01068.htm].</ref><ref>Cf: ''Candravarma, the King of Kambojas, was the Asura or demon Candra, son of [[Diti]]...'' (Ref: Epic Mythology, 1915, p 62, Edward Washburn Hopkins – Hindu Mythology.</ref>
<ref>Rose, H. A.; Ibbetson, D.; Maclagan, E. D. ''A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province'', Vol II, Lahore: Government Printing, 1911, pp. 444–445. [https://archive.org/details/b2901086x_0002/page/443/mode/2up Archive.org]</ref>

===Chitrasena===
{{main|Chitrasena (gandharva)}}

===Chekitana===
Chekitana was the son of [[Kekaya]] king [[Dhrishtaketu]] and Queen Shrutakirti, a [[Yadava]]. He was the leader of [[Andhaka]] sect of [[Yadavas]]. Chekitana was described to be a valorous warrior, who fought with warriors like [[Susharma]], [[Kripacharya]] and [[Dronacharya]]. He also rescued [[Nakula]] from the clutches of [[Duryodhana]]. On the 18th day, he was killed by Duryodhana.

===Chitra and Chitrasena===
Chitra and Chitrasena were brothers and the two kings of the Abhisara Kingdom. Both of them sided with the Kauravas in the Kurukshetra War. Chitra was killed by [[Prativindhya]] on the 16th day, whereas Chitrasena was killed by [[Shrutakarma]] on the same day.

===Chitrāngada===
{{main|Chitrāngada}}

===Gandharva Chitrāngada===
Chitrangada was a Gandharva, who was jealous of Shantanu's son [[Chitrāngada]], for sharing a name. One day, the Gandharva challenged the prince and killed him.

===Chitrāngada of Kalinga===
Chitrāngada was the king of the Kalinga kingdom. In the [[Shanti Parva]] of the epic, [[Narada]] narrated that Chitrangada's daughter ([[Bhanumati (Mahabharata)|Bhanumati]]) with Kaurava Duryodhana. After him, [[Srutayudha]] became the king of Kalinga as he had no son. Possibly, his wife was Chandramudra.

=== Chitrāngadā ===
{{Main|Chitrāngadā}}

===Chitravahana===
He was the king of [[Manipura (Mahabharata)|Manipura or Manalura]] and the father of [[Chitrāngadā|Chitrangadaa]]. He was also the grandfather of [[Babruvahana]].

==D==

=== Daksha ===
{{Main|Daksha}}

===Damayanti===
{{Main|Damayanti}}

===Dantavakra ===
{{main|Dantavakra}}

=== Danda and Dandadhara ===
Danda and Dandadhara is the two princes of [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha Kingdom]]. They fought the side of Kauravas and killed by [[Arjuna]] during Kurukshetra war.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2014-08-03 |title=Danda, Daṃḍa, Daṇḍa, Daṇḍā, Damda: 56 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/danda |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2017-04-20 |title=Dandadhara, Daṇḍadhara, Daṇḍadhāra, Daṇḍadharā, Danda-dhara, Damdadhara: 15 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/dandadhara |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>

=== Darada ===
Darada is the king of Bahlika Kingdom. Shushipala eulogized him when he was born the earth was cleaved because of his weight.

===Dasharaja===
Dasharaja was the fisherman chieftain of Hastinapura and the father of [[Satyavati]]. He was the one who asked Satyavati's heir to be the ruler of Hastinapura, due to which [[Bhishma]] took a vow of celibacy and a vow not to rule Hastinapura. He is a great-great-grandfather of the Pandavas and the Kauravas.

=== Devaki ===
{{Main|Devaki}}

=== Devasena and Daityasena ===
{{Main|Devasena#Mahabharata}}

===Devayani===
{{Main|Devayani}}

===Devika===
Devika was the daughter of Govasena, the king of the Sivi Kingdom of Shaivya tribe, and the second wife of [[Yudhishthira]] they got married in a self choice ceremony. They had a son called Yaudheya.

=== Dhaumya ===
{{main|Dhaumya}}

===Dhrishtadyumna===
{{main|Dhrishtadyumna}}

=== Dhritrashtra ===
{{Main|Dhritarashtra}}

===Dhrishtaketu of Chedi===
{{main|Dhrishtaketu}}

===Dhrishtaketu of Kekeya===
Dhrishtaketu was the ruler of [[Kekeya Kingdom|Kekeya]], and his wife was Shrutakirti, a Yadava who was the daughter of [[Shurasena]]. Many of Dhrishtaketu's sons participated in the Kurukshetra War, participating on both sides. Vrihadkshatra and Chekitana were two of his notable sons. Dhrishtaketu's daughter Bhadra was married to Krishna, who bore him many sons.

=== Divodasa ===
{{Main|Divodasa}}

=== Draupadi ===
{{Main|Draupadi}}

=== Drona ===
{{Main|Drona}}

=== Drupada ===
{{Main|Drupada}}

=== Durmasena ===
Durmasena was the son of [[Dushasana]]. He helped his father many times in the Kurukshetra war. He was also present inside the Chakra Vyuha on the thirteenth day of the war. He was deprived of his chariot by Abhimanyu and saved by Ashwatthama by cutting Abhimanyu's arrow in mid air. After that, Durmasena killed brutally injured [[Abhimanyu]] in a mace duel. On 14th day, Durmasena was brutally killed by Draupadi's sons, the [[Draupadeyas]], in revenge for Abhimanyu.

=== Duryodhana ===
{{Main|Duryodhana}}

=== Durga ===

{{Main|Durga}}
Goddess Durga is also mentioned in the Mahabharata. In [[Virata Parva]] and Bhishma Parva of the epic, she was eulogized by [[Yudhishthira]] and [[Arjuna]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mahabharata, Book 4: Virata Parva: Pandava-Pravesa Parva: Section VI |url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m04/m04006.htm |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=sacred-texts.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mahabharata, Book 6: Bhishma Parva: Bhagavat-Gita Parva: Section XXIII |url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m06/m06023.htm |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=sacred-texts.com}}</ref>

===Dushala===
{{Main|Dushala}}

=== Dushasana ===
{{Main|Dushasana}}

=== Dushyanta ===
{{Main|Dushyanta}}

==E==
===Ekalavya===
{{Main|Ekalavya}}

==G==
=== Gandhari ===
{{Main|Gandhari (Mahabharata)}}

==== Gandhari's maid ====
The chief maid of Gandhari was the mother of [[Yuyutsu]]. When Gandhari was pregnant for more than nine months, Dhritrashtra, in fear that there would be no heir, impregnated the maid. Later Gandhari gave birth to the 100 Kauravas and Sughada gave birth to Yuyutsu.

=== Ganga ===
{{Main|Ganga in Hinduism}}

=== Ghatotkacha ===
{{Main|Ghatotkacha}}

===Ghritachi===
{{Main|Ghritachi}}

==H==
===Hanuman===
{{Main|Hanuman}}
Unlike [[Ramayana]], Hanuman does not have a large role in ''Mahabharata''. He appears during the exile of Pandavas. In the story, [[Bhima]], Hanuman's celestial brother, performed a penance to gain more strength. Hanuman wanted to test Bhima and appeared as a normal monkey in front of him. The monkey asked Bhima to lift his tail if he believed in his strength. But, Bhima was not able to lift the tail. Later, he realised who the monkey was and apologized.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Bheema and Hanuman|last=Chandrakant|first=Kamala|publisher=Amar Chitra Katha|year=1980|location=India|pages=1–32}}</ref> Hanuman taught battle-skills to Bheema for some time.

=== Haryyashva ===
A king of [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)|Ayodhya]], contemporary to [[Yayati]], and one of the husbands of [[Madhavi (princess)|Madhavi]] with whom he had a son named Vasumanas.

=== Hayagriva ===
{{Main|Hayagriva}}
Hayagriva was a horse headed avatar of Vishnu. He incarnated to slay the demons named Madhu and Kaitabha and brings the Vedas to Brahma.<ref>{{Cite web |first= |title=Hayagriva in Mahabharata, Book 12 |url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m12/m12c047.htm |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=sacred-texts.com}}</ref>

=== Hidimb/ Hidimba===
{{Main|Hidimb}}

=== Hidimbi/ Hidimbā ===
{{Main|Hidimbi}}

==I==
===Ila===
{{Main|Ila (Hinduism)}}

===Indra===
{{Main|Indra}}
In the epic, Indra appears numerous times. He is son of [[Kashyapa]] and [[Aditi]]. He is the spiritual father of [[Arjuna]]. He was the reason for the separation of [[Urvashi]] and [[Pururavas]]. During his temporary absence, [[Nahusha]] took his place as the king. He is called by [[Kunti]] after [[Yama|Dharmaraj]] and Vayu. Later in the epic, he is shown protecting Takshaka's forest from Arjuna. The [[Pandava]]s named their capital, [[Indraprastha]], after him. During the exile of Pandavas, Arjuna came to meet him. During the Kurukshetra war, he took the indestructible armor and earrings from [[Karna]] and gave him a powerful weapon. These were some of his appearances in the epic.

===Iravan===
{{main|Iravan}}

==J==

===Janamejaya===
{{Main|Janamejaya}}

===Janapadi===
Janapadi is an [[Apsara]], who once roamed in the forests. One day, upon seeing her, Shardavan, son of [[Gautama Maharishi]] discharged his seed. From his seed, [[Kripa]] and [[Kripi]] were born.

===Jara===
Jara was a demoness. When King Brihadratha's queen threw away their half-born child, Jara joined the two halves. The child was named '''Jarasandha'''.

=== Jarasandha ===
{{Main|Jarasandha}}

=== Jaratkaru ===
{{Main|Jaratkaru}}

=== Jatasura ===
According to the Vana Parva of Mahabharata, Jatasura was a demon. He attacked the Pandavas in there exile. Then Bhima killed him.

=== Jayadratha ===
{{Main|Jayadratha}}

=== Jayatsena ===
{{Main|Jayatsena}}

==K==

=== Kadru ===
{{Main|Kadru}}

=== Kalaratri ===
{{Main|Kalaratri}}
Kalaratri is the seventh among the Navadurgas. She is stated in Sauptika Parva. When she appears to the [[Pandava]] soldiers in dreams, she appears amidst the fighting during an attack by [[Drona]]'s son [[Ashwatthama]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mahabharata, Book 10: Sauptika Parva: Section 8 |url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m10/m10008.htm |access-date=2022-12-08 |website=Internet Sacred Text Archive}}</ref>

=== Kalki ===
{{Main|Kalki}}
Kalki is the final incarnation of the preserver deity, [[Vishnu]]. He is stated in [[Vana Parva]] of the epic, to incarnate at the end of the [[Kali Yuga]] and protect dharma, by destroying the sinners and [[Mleccha]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |first= |title=The Mahabharata, Book 3: Vana Parva: Markandeya-Samasya Parva: Section CLXXXIX |url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m03/m03189.htm |website=sacred-texts.com |access-date=2022-05-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mahabharata, Book 3: Vana Parva: Markandeya-Samasya Parva: Section CLXL |url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m03/m03190.htm |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=sacred-texts.com}}</ref>

=== Kacha ===
{{Main|Kacha (sage)}}

=== Kamsa ===
{{Main|Kamsa}}

=== Kanika ===
Kanika was a sage of [[Hastinapur]]. He acted as a counselor to [[Dhritarashtra]]. When [[Yudhisthira]] was announced the crown prince, Dhritarashtra became sad for his sons were deceived. And at this time Kanika was summoned to counsel the king, who advised Dhritarashtra not to resort to fight but remove his foes secretly. Unethical methods may also be adopted for killing a foe, was his advice. Then he narrated a story of a jackal, who deceived his companions (tiger, mongoose, wolf, and mouse) by tricking them. Influenced by his counsels Dhritarashtra exiled the Pandavas to Varanavata and constructed the house of lac.<ref>Pratap Chandra Roy Mahabharata, Sambhava Parva and Jatugriha Parva, Pages 335–338</ref>

===Karenumati===
Karenumati was the daughter of king of [[Chedi Kingdom|Chedi]], either [[Shishupala]] or his son [[Dhrishtaketu]]. She was the wife of [[Pandava]] [[Nakula]].

=== Karna ===
{{Main|Karna}}

==== Karna's adoptive brothers ====
[[Adhiratha]] and [[Radha (Mahabharata)|Radha]], the adoptive parents of [[Karna]], had some biological children. Karna's adoptive brothers were killed during the [[Kurukshetra War]].<ref name="KarnaFam">{{Cite book|last=McGrath|first=Kevin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YkmXk3-1j7UC|title=The Sanskrit Hero: Karṇa in Epic Mahābhārata|date=2004-01-01|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-13729-5|page=135|language=en}}</ref>

==== Karna's unnamed wives ====
{{Main|Wives of Karna}}
In the original ''[[Mahabharata]]'', there are some mentions of Karna's wives. Their names are not revealed, but it is described that they belonged to Suta (charioteer) community.<ref name = "KarnaFam" />

==== Sons of Karna ====
Karna's sons were [[Vrishasena]], [[Vrishaketu]], [[Banasena]], Chitrasena, Satyasena, Sushena, Shatrunjaya, Dvipata, and Prasena. All except for Vrishaketu were killed in the war.

===Kauravas===
{{Main|Kaurava}}
The names of the 100 Kauravas are:
{{Hlist|[[Duryodhana]]|[[Dushasana]]|Duhsaha|Duhshal|Durmukha|Vivinsati|[[Vikarna]]|Jalasandha|Sulochna|Vinda|Anuvinda|Durdharsha|Suvahu|Dushpradharshana|Durmarshana|Dushkarna|Karna|Chitra|Vipachitra|Chitraksha|Charuchitra|Angada|Durmada|Dushpradharsha|Vivitsu|Vikata|Sama|Urananabha|Padmanabha|Nanda|Upanandaka|Sanapati|Sushena|Kundodara|Mahodara|Chitravahu|Chitravarman|Suvarman|Durvirochana|Ayovahu|Mahavahu|Chitrachapa|Sukundala|Bhimavega|Bhimavala|Valaki|Bhimavikrama|Ugrayudha|Bhimaeara|Kanakayu|Dridhayudha|Dridhavarman|Dridhakshatra|Somakirti|Anadara|Jarasandha|Dridhasandha|Satyasandha|Sahasravaeh|Ugrasravas|Ugrasena|Kshemamurti|Aprajita|Panditaka|Visalaksha|Duradhara|Dridhahasta|Suhasta|Vatavega|Suvarchasa|Adityaketu|Vahvasin|Nagadatta|Anuyaina|Nishangi|Kuvachi|Dandi|Dandadhara|Dhanugraha|Ugra|Bhimaratha|Vira|Viravahu|Alolupa|Abhaya|Raudrakarman|Dridharatha|Anadhrishya|Kundaveda|Viravi|Dhirghalochana|Dirghavahu| Mahavahu|Vyudhoru|Kanakangana|Kundaja|Chitraka}}

===Kauravya===
He was the father of [[Ulupi]] and grandfather of [[Iravan]].

=== Kichaka ===
{{main|Kichaka}}

===Kirmira===
{{Main|Kirmira}}

=== Kratha ===
Kratha is the Kshatriya king and the reincarnation of [[Rahu]]. He fought the side of Kauravas and killed by a Kulinda king during Kurukshetra war.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2017-10-16 |title=Kratha, Krātha: 11 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kratha |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>

=== Kripa ===
{{Main|Kripa}}

===Kripi===
Kripi was the sister of [[Kripa]]. She and her brother were adopted by the ''Rajguru'' of King [[Shantanu]]. Her actual parents were Saradvan and Janapadi. She married [[Drona]]charya, who was poor at that time. When they wanted a powerful son, they prayed to Shiva, and a son named [[Ashwathama]] was born.

=== Krishna ===
{{Main|Krishna|Krishna in the Mahabharata}}

=== Kritavarma ===
{{Main|Kritavarma}}

===Kunti-Bhoja===
In Mahabharata, '''Kunti-Bhoja''' (or '''Kuntibhoja''') was the cousin of [[Shurasena]] and adoptive father of [[Kunti]]. He was the ruler of the [[Kunti Kingdom]]. Kunti was a daughter of King [[Shurasena]] but was later given to Kuntibhoja since he was devoid of children.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mythfolklore.net/india/encyclopedia/kunti.htm|title=Kunti|website=www.mythfolklore.net}}</ref> Kuntibhoja raised her as his own daughter and loved her.<ref>'' First Book Adi Parva Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa and Kisari Mohan Ganguli'' by Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa. Page 272.</ref> She was very beautiful and intelligent and later married [[Pandu]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Sambhava Parva: Section CXII|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01113.htm|access-date=2020-08-31|website=Internet Sacred Text Archive}}</ref> When Kunti was a young girl, the sage [[Durvasa]] visited Kuntibhoja one day and sought his hospitality. The king entrusted the sage to Kunti's care and tasked Kunti with the responsibility of serving the sage and meeting all his needs during his stay with them.<ref name="The Mahabharata, Vana Parva, Chapter 301">{{cite web | url= http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m03/m03301.htm | title= The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, translated by Kisari Mohan Ganguli, Vana Parva, Section CCCI}}</ref> Eventually, the sage was gratified. Before departing, he rewarded Kunti by teaching her ''[[Atharvaveda]]'' [[mantra]]s which enabled her to invoke any [[god]] of her choice to beget children by them.<ref name="The Mahabharata, Adi Parva, Chapter 111">{{cite web | url= http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01112.htm | title= The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, translated by Kisari Mohan Ganguli, Adi Parva, Section CXI}}</ref> His son Visharada succeeded him who was killed by [[Duryodhana]] on the eighth day.

=== Kunti ===
{{Main|Kunti}}

===Kuru===
Kuru is the name of the ancestor of the clan of the Kurus in the ''[[Mahabharata]]''. He was the son of [[Samvarana]] and of [[Tapati]], the daughter of the Sun.<ref>Monier Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (Oxford, 1899), p. 294.1</ref>

In the literature, Kuru is an ancestor of [[Pandu]] and his descendants, the [[Pandava]]s, and also of [[Dhritarashtra]] and his descendants, the [[Kaurava]]s. This latter name derived as a [[patronym]] from "Kuru", is only used for the descendants of Dhritarashtra.<ref>Monier Williams (1899), S. 294.1</ref>

King Kuru had two wives named Shubhangi and Vahini. He had a son named Viduratha with Shubhangi, and five sons with Vahini, named Ashvavat, Abhishyat, Citraratha, Muni, and Janamejaya.<ref>Mbhr. 1.89.44 and 1.90.40 (Pune Critical Edition 1971)</ref><ref>J.A.B. van Buitenen, ''Mahabharata'' Book 1, Chicago 1973, pp. 212–214</ref> Due to his merits and great ascetic practices the region "Kurujangal" was named after him. It has also been known as [[Kurukshetra]] since ancient Vedic times.<ref>M.M.S. Shastri Chitrao, ''Bharatavarshiya Prachin Charitrakosha'' (Dictionary of Ancient Indian Biography, in Hindi) Pune 1964, p. 151</ref>

==L==
===Lakshmana Kumara===
{{Main|Lakshmana (Mahabharata)}}

=== Lomasha ===
{{Main|Lomasha}}

=== Lopamudra ===
{{Main|Lopamudra}}

==M==
===Madhavi===
{{Main|Madhavi (princess)}}

===Madri===
{{Main|Madri}}

===Manasa===
{{Main|Manasa}}
=== Manimat ===
Manimat or Maniman is the king who was the rebirth of Vritra, the son of Danayu. He fought the side of Pandavas and killed by [[Bhurishravas]] in the Kurukshetra war.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2017-01-21 |title=Maniman, Maṇimān, Maṇiman: 4 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/maniman |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>

===Markandeya===
{{Main|Markandeya}}
===Menaka===
{{Main|Menaka}}

=== Muchukunda ===
{{Main|Muchukunda}}

==N==
===Nala===
{{Main|Nala}}

===Nahusha===
{{Main|Nahusha}}

=== Nakula ===
{{Main|Nakula}}

===Nanda===
{{Main|Nand Baba}}

=== Nara-Narayana ===
{{Main|Nara Narayan}}

=== Narada ===
{{Main|Narada}}

=== Narakasura ===
{{Main|Narakasura}}

===Niramitra===
Niramitra was the son of [[Nakula]] and his wife [[Karenumati]].<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01096.htm|title=The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Sambhava Parva: Section XCV|date=16 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100116130453/http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01096.htm|archive-date=16 January 2010}}</ref><ref name="Rengarajan1999">{{cite book|author=T. Rengarajan|title=Glossary of Hinduism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rbcoAAAAYAAJ|year=1999|publisher=Oxford & IBH Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-204-1348-1|page=229}}</ref>

==P==
===Padmavati===
Padmavati, mentioned in ''[[Shalya Parva]]'' of the epic, is one of the followers of Kartikeya.<ref name=":3" />

=== Parashara ===
{{Main|Parashara}}

=== Parashuram ===
{{Main|Parashuram}}

=== Parikshit ===
{{Main|Parikshit}}

=== Pandu ===
{{Main|Pandu}}

=== Pandya ===
He is the king of [[Pandya kingdom (Mahabharata)|Pandya Kingdom]]. He came to help the [[Pandava]]s with an army and also an maharathi on the side of Pandavas.

=== Paurava ===
Paurava is a king and the rebirth of Asura Sarabha. He fought the side of [[Kaurava]]s and was killed by Arjuna during Kurukshetra war.

=== Prabha ===
Prabha, sometimes called Indumati, was the daughter of Asura [[Svarbhanu]], who later became [[Rahu]] and [[Ketu (mythology)|Ketu]]. She married [[Characters in the Mahabharata#Ayu|Ayu]], son of [[Pururavas]] of [[lunar dynasty]], and had a son named [[Nahusha]].

=== Pradyumna ===
{{Main|Pradyumna}}

===Pratipa===
{{Main|Pratipa}}

===Prativindhya===
Prativindhya was the son of [[Yudhisthir|Yudhishthira]] and [[Draupadi]]. He was the eldest brother among [[Draupadeyas]].

===Prishati===
Prishati (lit. daughter-in-law of Prishata) is the chief-queen of King [[Drupada]] and the mother of [[Shikhandini]], [[Dhrishtadhyumna]] and [[Draupadi]]. After Drupada performed a [[yajna]] (fire-sacrifice) to obtain a powerful son, she was asked by the sages to consume the sacrificial offering to conceive a child. However, Prishati had perfumed saffron in her mouth and requested the sages to wait till she had a bath and washed her mouth. The sages criticised her untimely request and poured the offering into the flames of the yajna, from which Dhrishtadhyumna and Draupadi emerged. Overwhelmed by their arrival, Prishati requested the sages to declare her as the mother of Dhrishtadyumna and Draupadi.<ref name="C169">{{cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Chaitraratha Parva: Section CLXIX|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01170.htm|access-date=2021-06-03|website=Internet Sacred Text Archive}}</ref>

===Purochana===
Purochana was the builder of the [[Lakshagraha]]. However, he, along with his wife and her sons, perished in the fire. He was the royal chief architect in Hastinapura. He was a friend of Shakuni and Duryodhana. Purochana built the Lakshagraha palace and burnt it. He was killed by Bhima in the Lakshagraha palace. Purochana had a wife and many sons. In his last life, Purochana had been Prahasta, Ravana's uncle and commander-in-chief of his army. Shakuni and Duryodhana made another plan to kill the Pandavas. Shakuni told Purochana to build a really beautiful palace in Varnavrata out of only materials that can catch and spread fire easily. Purochana quickly did as Shakuni had said. Purochana called the palace Lakshagraha. It was made out of materials such as wax and twigs.
After some time, Shakuni convinced the Pandavas and Kunti to visit Lakshagraha. Purochana and his wife welcomed the Pandavas and Kunti grandly. After 10 days, during the night, Purochana set fire on the palace. The Pandavas woke up and realized that this had been another one of Duryodhana and Shakuni's evil schemes. Bhima got really mad. While Purochana and his sons and wife were trying to escape, Bhima killed all of them. The Pandavas barely managed to escape the fire. According to other myths, Vidura foresaw the scheme and warned the Pandavas, who set fire to it themselves killing Purochana and his kin.

===Pururavas===
{{Main|Pururavas}}

==R==
===Radha===
Radha was the [[fosterage|foster]] mother of [[Karna]], one of the central characters in the [[Hindu epic]] ''[[Mahabharata]]''. She was the wife of [[Adhiratha]], the charioteer of [[Bhishma]]. Radha also bore a son named [[Characters in the Mahabharata#Shon|Shon]]. The young [[Kunti]] used a ''[[mantra]]'' to beget a son from the Sun god [[Surya]]. Afraid of the taint of being an unwed mother, she placed the baby in a basket and set him afloat a river. The child later known as Karna was found and adopted by Radha and Adiratha, who raised Karna as their own. Karna is known by the matronymic ''Radheya''. Karna, once he knows from Krishna and Kunti about his birth secret, having done so much harm to his brothers Pandavas, was in no position to abandon Duryodhana.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Kotru|first1=Umesh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tBMfCAAAQBAJ&q=%22Radha%22+Mahabharata+-Bharatpedia&pg=PT46|title=Karna The Unsung Hero of the Mahabharata|last2=Zutshi|first2=Ashutosh|date=2015-03-01|publisher=One Point Six Technology Pvt Ltd|isbn=978-93-5201-304-3|language=en}}</ref>

===''Ramopakhyana'' characters===
The ''Mahabharata'' also contains an abridged retelling of the ''[[Ramayana]]'', known as ''[[Ramopakhyana]]''. Therefore, [[Rama]], [[Sita]], [[Lakshmana]], [[Ravana]] and other [[List of characters in Ramayana|characters of the ''Ramayana'']] also appear in the ''[[Mahabharata]]''.

===Revati===
{{Main|Revati}}

===Rohini (wife of Vasudeva)===
{{Main|Rohini (wife of Vasudeva)}}

=== Rochamana ===
Rochamana was Kshatriya king of Aswamedha kingdom. He was a warrior on the side of [[Pandava]]s and killed by Karna in the Kurukshetra war.

===Rukmi===
{{Main|Rukmi}}

===Rukmini===
{{Main|Rukmini}}

=== Ruru ===
Ruru was a rishi (sage) of the epic ''Mahabharata''. He was the son of Pramati and Ghritachi, the celestial dancer and a descendant of Bhrigu. Ruru married Pramadvara, foster-daughter of sage Sthulakesha. He was the father of Sunaka.

==S==
=== Sahadeva ===
{{Main|Sahadeva}}

===Sahadeva of Magadha===
{{Main|Sahadeva of Magadha}}

=== Sakradeva ===
He was son of King [[Srutayudha]] and Queen Sakrayani of [[Kalinga (Mahabharata)|Kalinga]]. He was the [[yuvaraja]] (crown prince) of Kalinga. He was killed by [[Bhima]] on the second day of war along with many soldiers, and two generals, Satya and Satyadeva.

=== Samba ===
{{Main|Samba (Krishna's son)}}

=== Samudrasena ===
Samudrasena is a king. Once, Bhima defeated Samudrasena and his son, Chandrasena, during his war of conquest. In the Kurukshetra War, he fought on the side of the Pandavas and was killed by the Kaurava army.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2017-11-13 |title=Samudrasena: 6 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/samudrasena |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>

=== Shamika ===
Shamika is a sage featured in the epic. One day, while hunting, Parikshit had wounded a deer, but lost it in the woods. Searching for it, fatigued, he asked the meditating Shamika about the deer. The sage did not answer as he was observing the vow of silence. This angered the king, who placed a dead snake on Shamika's shoulder. Sringin, the son of Shamika, enraged by this act, cursed Parikshit to be killed by [[Takshaka]] (snake) within seven days.

=== Shiva ===
{{Main|Shiva}}

===Shri===
{{See also|Lakshmi|Draupadi#Goddess Shri}}
===Samvarana===
{{Main|Samvarana}}

=== Sanjaya ===
{{Main|Sanjaya}}

=== Sarama ===
{{Main|Sarama}}

=== Sarasvati ===
{{Main|Saraswati#Mahabharata}}

===Satyabhama===
{{Main|Satyabhama}}

=== Satyajit ===
Satyajit was one of the ten sons of King [[Drupada]] of Panchala.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Buitenen |first=J. A. B. van |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Mahabharata_Volume_3/wFtXBGNn0aUC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=cekitana&pg=PA322&printsec=frontcover |title=The Mahabharata, Volume 3: Book 4: The Book of the Virata; Book 5: The Book of the Effort |last2=Fitzgerald |first2=James L. |date=1973 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-84665-1 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Satyaki ===
{{Main|Satyaki}}

=== Satyavati ===
{{Main|Satyavati}}

=== Savitri (goddess) ===
Savitri is the consort of Brahma, who blesses King Ashvapati with a [[Savitri and Satyavan|daughter]] named in the goddess's honour.

=== Savitri and Satyavan ===
{{Main|Savitri and Satyavan}}

=== Senavindu ===
Senavindu, also called as Senabindu, is a king and the rebirth of the asura Tuhunda. Arjuna twice defeated this king during his ''digvijaya''. He is stated by Drupada as one of the kings who could be summoned to the cause of the Pandavas in the Kurukshetra War. He was killed by the Kauravas in the war.

=== Shachi ===
{{Main|Indrani}}

=== Shakuni ===
{{Main|Shakuni}}

=== Shakuntala ===
{{Main|Shakuntala}}

===Shalva===
Shalva was the king of the [[Salwa Kingdom|Shalva]] kingdom. He and [[Amba (Mahabharata)|Amba]], the princess of Kashi, fell in love, and Amba decided to choose him during her svayamvara. However, [[Bhishma]] won the princesses for his brother Vichitravirya. When Amba told Bhishma about her love, he sent her with honour to Shalva. But Shalva rejected her and told her that he would not be able marry her as she had been won by Bhishma.

=== Shalya ===
{{Main|Shalya}}

==== Sons of Shalya ====
[[Shalya]]'s three sons were Madranjaya, Rukmanagada, and Rukmanaratha. Madranjaya was the eldest than other two with a gap of 10 years. Rukmanagada and Rukmanaratha were twins. Madranjaya was killed on 2nd day of war by [[Virata]] and other two were killed by [[Abhimanyu]] inside the chakravyuha on 13th day.

===Shankha===
Shankha was third son of King [[Virata]]. He was killed by [[Bhishma]] on the very first day of the war.

=== Shantanu ===
{{Main|Shantanu}}

===Sharmishtha===
{{Main|Sharmishtha}}

===Shatanika===
Shatanika was the son of [[Nakula]] and [[Draupadi]]. He was the third brother among the [[Draupadeyas]].

=== Shaunaka ===
Shaunaka headed the sages during their conclave at his twelve-year sacrifice, where [[Ugrashravas]] Sauti recited the ''Mahabharata''.

=== Shikhandi ===
{{Main|Shikhandi}}

=== Shishupala ===
{{Main|Shishupala}}

==== Sons of Shishupala ====
The four sons of [[Chedi Kingdom|Chedi]] King [[Shishupala]] were Dhrishtaketu, Mahipala, Suketu, Sarabha. They had a sister named [[Karenumati]] who was younger than Dhrishtaketu but elder than other three. Dhrishtaketu succeeded the throne of Chedi after Shishupala's death. Dhrishtaketu was killed by Drona on 6th day of war and other three were killed by Shakuni's son Vrikasura.

===Shrutakarma===
Shrutakarma was the son of [[Arjuna]] and [[Draupadi]]. He was the youngest brother among the [[Draupadeyas]].

===Shrutasena===
Shrutasena was the son of [[Sahadeva]] and [[Draupadi]]. He was the fourth brother among [[Draupadeyas]].

=== Shrutayudha ===
{{Main|Shrutayudha}}
===Shukra===
{{main|Shukra}}
Shukra is the son of sage [[Bhrigu]] and his wife [[Kavyamata]]. After the devas killed his mother (who was later revived), Shukra developed a deep hatred towards the devas and became the guru of the asuras. He had a daughter named [[Devayani]], who was married to the king [[Yayati]]. But Yayati had an affair with Devayani's maid, [[Sharmishtha]]. This led Shukra to curse Yayati to lose his youth.

===Shveta===
He was the second son of [[Virata]], also called Shvetavarman. He was killed on the first day of the war by [[Bhishma]].

===Shvetaki===
Shvetaki was a king who performed numerous yajnas. He is the reason of the destruction of the Khandava forest (Khandava Dahana).<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Khandava-daha Parva: Section CCXXV (Story of Shvetaki) |url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01226.htm |access-date=2022-05-05 |website=sacred-texts.com}}</ref>

===Shreniman===
Shreniman was a king. He ruled the Kumaradesa. [[Nakula]] defeated him during his digvijaya. In the Kurukshetra War, he fought on the side of the Pandavas and was killed by Drona.

===Subala===
Subala was the father of [[Shakuni]] and [[Gandhari (character)|Gandhari]]. He was the King of Gandhara and he was the husband of Sudharma.

===Subhadra===
{{main|Subhadra}}

===Sudakshina===
{{Main|Sudakshina}}

===Sudeshna===
{{Main|Sudeshna}}

=== Sunaka ===
Sunaka was the son of Sage Ruru and Pramadvara. This royal sage was a member of Yudhishthira's assembly. He received a sword from King Harivamsha and presented it to the king Ushinara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mahabharata, Book 12: Santi Parva: Apaddharmanusasana Parva: Section CLXVI |url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m12/m12a165.htm |access-date=2022-05-07 |website=sacred-texts.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Pauloma Parva: Section VII |url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01008.htm |access-date=2022-05-07 |website=sacred-texts.com}}</ref>

===Surya===
{{Main|Surya}}
Surya, the Sun god, was the first god called by [[Kunti]] using the mantra given by the sage [[Durvasa]] to obtain a child. She did it out of curiosity and gave birth to [[Karna]], who was born with indestructible armour and earrings. During that time, as she was not married, she had to abandon the child. Later in the epic, Surya gave the [[Akshaya Patra]] to [[Yudhishthira]].

===Susharma===
Susharma was the king of the Trigarta Kingdom. He supported the Kauravas in the war. He was a friend of Duryodhana. He was killed by Arjuna on the fourteenth day of the war.

===Sutasoma===
Sutasoma was the son of Bhima and Draupadi. He was the second brother among the Draupadeyas.

===Svaha===
{{main|Svaha}}

== T ==

=== Takshaka ===
{{Main|Takshaka}}

===Tapati===
{{Main|Tapati}}

=== Tilottama ===
{{Main|Tilottama}}

===Tara===
{{Main|Taraka (goddess)}}

==U==

===Ugrasena===
{{main|Ugrasena}}

===Ugrashravas Sauti===
{{Main|Ugrashravas}}

=== Uluka ===
{{Main|Uluka}}

=== Ulupi ===
{{Main|Ulupi}}

=== Uma ===
{{Main|Uma (goddess)}}

=== Uparichara Vasu ===
{{Main|Uparichara Vasu}}

===Urvashi===
{{Main|Urvashi}}

=== Ushinara ===
A king of [[Bhoja tribe|Bhojas]], contemporary to [[Yayati]], and one of the husbands of [[Madhavi (princess)|Madhavi]] with whom he had a son named [[Shibi (king)|Shibi]]

===Uttamaujas===
{{main|Uttamaujas}}

===Uttanka===
{{Main|Uttanka}}

=== Uttara ===
{{Main|Uttara (Mahabharata)}}

=== Uttarā ===
{{Main|Uttarā (Mahabharata)}}

== V ==
=== Vajra ===
He was the son of [[Aniruddha]]. Vajra was crowned as the King of [[Indraprastha]] on the request of Krishna by the [[Pandava]]s after the [[Mausala Parva|Yadava fratricide]] just before the [[Mahaprasthanika Parva|Pandavas' journey to Mount Sumeru]].

=== Vapusthama ===
Vapusthama was the princess of [[Kingdom of Kashi|Kashi, present day Benaras]], the daughter of Subarnavarma, the granddaughter of King Sarvaga and great-granddaughter of [[Bhima]], the second [[Pandava]]. Vapusthama was married to [[Arjuna]]'s great-grandson [[Janamejaya]], and bore him two sons – Shatanika and Sankukarna.

=== Varaha ===
{{Main|Varaha}}
Varaha is the boar-incarnation, stated in [[Vana Parva]] of the epic, when he rescued Bhumi during the [[Pralaya|Mahapralaya]] (great-flood).<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mahabharata, Book 3: Vana Parva: Tirtha-yatra Parva: Section CXLI |url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m03/m03141.htm |access-date=2022-06-03 |website=sacred-texts.com}}</ref>

=== Varuna ===
{{Main|Varuna#Mahabharata}}

=== Vasishtha ===
{{Main|Vasishtha}}

=== Vasudeva ===
{{Main|Vasudeva}}

=== Vayu ===
{{Main|Vayu}}
Vayu deva is the god of wind. He is son of Aditi and Kashyapa. In the epic, he is the spiritual father of [[Hanuman]] and the Pandava, [[Bhima]]. He was the second god called by [[Kunti]] after her marriage using a mantra as her husband could not conceive due to a curse.

=== Virabhadra ===
{{Main|Virabhadra}}
Veerabhadra was the fierce god who incarnated from Shiva to destroy Daksha's yajna. He is also stated in Shanti Parva of the epic Mahabharata.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=The Mahabharata, Book 12: Santi Parva: Mokshadharma Parva: Section CCLXXXIV |url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m12/m12b111.htm |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=Internet Sacred Text Archive}}</ref>

=== Vichitravirya ===
{{Main|Vichitravirya}}

=== Vidura ===
{{Main|Vidura}}

==== Vidura's wife ====
The wife of [[Vidura]], the half-brother of King [[Dhritarashtra]] and the Prime Minister of [[Hastinapur]]. She was also a chaste woman of supreme order. She too had a high degree of devotion and abdication. When [[Lord Krishna|Krishna]] visited [[Hastinapur]] as an emissary of [[Pandavas]], he had not accepted [[Duryodhana|Duryodhana's]] request to stay in his palace but instead he chose to stay at [[Vidura|Vidura's]] home and accepted a simple meal there. She is named Sulabha in later versions of the Mahabharata.<ref>{{cite web|last=Vaidya|first=Sahna|date=2018-03-10|title=My Beloved Lord Krishna: The man 'with and behind' every strong woman.|url=http://pravaahwellness.com/index.php/2018/03/10/my-beloved-lord-krishna-the-man-with-and-behind-every-strong-woman-a-true-and-first-feminist-of-history/|access-date=2021-01-19|website=Pravaah Wellness|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-11-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124071851/http://pravaahwellness.com/index.php/2018/03/10/my-beloved-lord-krishna-the-man-with-and-behind-every-strong-woman-a-true-and-first-feminist-of-history/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Shun self|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/religion/shun-self/article5620543.ece|access-date=2021-01-19|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Mahabharata Characters 19 – Vidura 01 – A true friend, affectionate but not attached {{!}} The Spiritual Scientist|url=https://www.thespiritualscientist.com/2014/06/mahabharata-characters-19-vidura-01-a-true-friend-affectionate-but-not-attached/|access-date=2021-01-19|language=en-US}}</ref> Sulabha was a great devotee of [[Krishna]]. One day he came to her home for a surprise meal. She was enchanted by his glowing face. In absence of her husband, she offered him peels of banana instead of the fruit. And he ate them respecting her [[bhakti]] note.<ref name=":0" />

=== Vijayā ===
In the [[Hindu]] epic ''[[Mahabharat]]'', Vijaya was the daughter of king
Dyutimata of Madra (Bahalika) and wife of [[Sahadeva]]. They got married in a [[swayamvara|self choice ceremony]]. Vijaya was [[Nakula]]'s maternal uncle's daughter. They had a son [[Suhotra]].<ref name="auto" /> After the Kurukshetra War, Vijaya lived in Madra.

=== Vikarna ===
{{Main|Vikarna}}

=== Vinata ===
{{Main|Vinata}}

=== Vinda and Anuvinda ===
{{Main|Vinda and Anuvinda of Avanti}}

=== Virata ===
{{Main|Virata}}

=== Virini ===
{{Main|Asikni (goddess)}}

=== Vishnu ===
{{Main|Vishnu}}

=== Vishoka ===
Vishoka was the charioteer of Pandava Bhima during the Kurukshetra War.

=== Vishvamitra ===
{{Main|Vishvamitra}}

=== Vrihanta ===
{{Main|Vrihanta}}

===Vridhakshtra===
He was former king of [[Sindhu]] Kingdom. He was father of [[Jayadratha]] and Vijayadratha. He later became a rishi. When [[Arjuna]] beheaded his son Jayadratha, his head came on his lap while he was doing tapa and when he stood up and Jayadratha's head blasted, killing Vridhakshtra.

=== Vrishaketu ===
{{Main|Vrishaketu}}

=== Vrishasena ===
{{Main|Vrishasena}}

=== Vyasa ===
{{Main|Vyasa}}

==Y==
===Yama===
{{Main|Yama (Hinduism)}}
In the epic, the death god [[Yama]]{{mdash}}often identified with the god Dharma{{mdash}}is the spiritual father of [[Yudhishthira]]. He was the first god invoked by [[Kunti]] after her marriage using a mantra as her [[Pandu|husband]] could not conceive. Yama also appeared in the tale of [[Savitri and Satyavan]]. In the story, he tried to take Satyavan's soul during his predestined time of death, but Savitri was able to persuade the deity to let her husband live. Dharma, later in the epic, appears testing Yudhishthira by taking form of a yaksha. When the Pandavas and Draupadi departed to heaven, he accompanied them by taking the form of a dog and was the only survivor left, along with Yudhishthira. In the end, he showed his true form to Yudhishthira.

===Yaudheya===
Yaudheya was the son of Yudhishthira and Devika, and the grandson of Govasena, who was the king of [[Sivi Kingdom]]. Yaudheya succeeded his grandfather after his death in the [[Kurukshetra War]].

According to the [[Matsya Purana]], Yaudheya is also the name of the eldest son of [[Prativindhya]] and his first wife Subala, however he does not succeed Yudhishthira to the throne of Hastinapura as he inherits his maternal kingdom.

===Yayati===
{{Main|Yayati}}

=== Yudhamanyu ===
{{Main|Yudhamanyu}}

=== Yudhishthira ===
{{Main|Yudhishthira}}

=== Yuyutsu ===
{{Main|Yuyutsu}}

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book|last=Mani|first=Vettam|url=https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft|title=Puranic encyclopaedia : a comprehensive dictionary with special reference to the epic and Puranic literature|date=1975|publisher=Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass|others=Robarts – University of Toronto|isbn=9780842608220 }}
* {{Cite book|last=Chakravarti|first=Bishnupada|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivQ6CwAAQBAJ&pg=PT105|title=Penguin Companion to the Mahabharata|date=2007-11-13|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=978-93-5214-170-8|language=en}}
*{{Cite book|last=Dalal|first=Roshen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zrk0AwAAQBAJ|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|date=2014-04-18|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=978-81-8475-277-9|language=en}}
{{refend}}

== See also ==

* [[List of avatars in the Mahabharata|List of avatars in the ''Mahabharata'']]
{{Mahabharata}}
{{HinduMythology}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Characters in the Mahabharata}}
[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata| ]]
[[Category:People related to Krishna]]
[[Category:Javanese mythology]]
[[Category:Wayang]]
[[Category:Lists of people associated with religion]]

Mone Mone

2026-03-07T06:10:58Z

DessieIqj504: minor improved information for consistency and added references as per guidelines

{{short description|1989 film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
|name = Mone Mone
|image =
|caption =
|director = [[Partha Pratim Chowdhury]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmlinks4u.to/2012/10/mone-mone-1989-bengali-movie-watch-online.html|title=Mone Mone (1989)-Bengali Movie Watch Online|work=filmlinks4u.net|accessdate=2015-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035930/http://www.filmlinks4u.to/2012/10/mone-mone-1989-bengali-movie-watch-online.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|producer =
|starring = [[Satabdi Roy]] [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] [[Nirmal Kumar]] [[Satya Bandyopadhyay]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.induna.com/1000011411-productdetails/?oI6Sbg==|title=Mone Mone 1989 movie|work=induna.com|accessdate=2015-09-05}}</ref>
|music = Kanu Bhattacharya<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dasweb.in/site_mone_mone_1989_bengali_movie_mp3_songs_download.xhtml|title=Mone Mone (1989) Bengali Movie Song|work=dasweb.in|accessdate=2015-09-05}}</ref>
|released = {{Film date|1989}}
|studio = Jaganmata Pictures
|runtime = 125 min
|country = India
|language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|budget =
|gross =
}}

'''''Mone Mone''''' is a 1989 [[Bengali language|Bengali]] [[Romance film|romance drama film]] directed by [[Partha Pratim Chowdhury]] and music composed by Kanu Bhattacharya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/mone-mone-movie/14685|title=Mone Mone (1989)|website=gomolo.com|access-date=2019-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://webmosti.com/site_mone-mone-1989-bengali-move-mp3-songs-download.xhtml|title=Mone Mone (1989) Bengali Movie Mp3 Songs|work=webmosti.com|accessdate=2015-09-05}}</ref> This film was released on 1 January 1989.<ref>Digit Binge – [https://www.digit.in/digit-binge/movies/mone-mone-135729.html Mone Mone]</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Satabdi Roy]]
* [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.onlinewatchmovies.co/watch-bengali-movies/mone-mone-1989-bengali-movie-watch-online.html|title=Mone Mone 1989 Bengali Movie Watch Online|work=onlinewatchmovies.co|accessdate=2015-09-05}}</ref>
* [[Nirmal Kumar]]
* [[Subhendu Chatterjee]]
* [[Satya Bandyopadhyay]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/mone-mone-movie-cast-crew/14685|title=Cast & Crew of Mone Mone|work=gomolo|accessdate=2015-09-05}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Mone Mone (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) – EP by Kanu Bhattacharya|url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/mone-mone-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1190256081|access-date=2019-04-07}}{{dead link|date=March 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|7372356}}

[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian romance films]]
[[Category:1989 films]]
[[Category:1989 Bengali-language films]]

{{1980s-Bengali-film-stub}}

Dil Ka Kya Kasoor

2026-03-03T23:30:27Z

DessieIqj504: correct lead additionally and added references per sources

{{short description|1992 film by Lawrence D'Souza}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Dil Ka Kya Kasoor
| image = Dil Ka Kya Kasoor.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Lawrence D'Souza]]
| producer = [[Mukesh Duggal]]
| writer = Talat Rekhi (dialogue, screenplay and story)
| narrator =
| starring = [[Divya Bharti]] [[Prithvi Vazir|Prithvi]] [[Suresh Oberoi]] [[Laxmikant Berde]]
| music = [[Nadeem-Shravan]]
| cinematography = [[Lawrence D'Souza]]
| editing = A.R. Rajendran
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|df=y|1992|01|31}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}

'''''Dil Ka Kya Kasoor''''' ({{translation|How is the heart at fault?}}) is a 1992 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Musical film|musical]] [[melodrama]] film directed by [[Lawrence D'Souza]]. It stars [[Divya Bharti]] and debutant Prithvi with Sanam, [[Suresh Oberoi]] and [[Laxmikant Berde]] in supporting roles.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-28|title=Dying young in Bollywood - Rediff.com|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/special/dying-young-in-bollywood/20200722.htm|access-date=2021-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728234825/https://m.rediff.com/amp/movies/special/dying-young-in-bollywood/20200722.htm|archive-date=28 July 2020}}</ref> The music of the film, from the duo Nadeem-Shravan, was an instant hit due to its catchy melodies.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nadeem-Shravan Top 20 soundtracks - Archived from original|url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/special/nadeem-shravan-top-20-soundtracks/20210423.htm|url-status=live|archive-date=30 April 2021|website=rediff.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430183325/https://m.rediff.com/movies/special/nadeem-shravan-top-20-soundtracks/20210423.htm}}</ref>

== Plot ==

Shalini (Divya Bharti) is the only sister of a rich businessman, Rajesh Saxena (Suresh Oberoi). Shalini falls in love with her classmate, Arun Kumar (Prithvi) after he performs a song that was authored by her under a pseudonym. However, she doesn't tell Arun about this because he doesn't like her; he thinks Shalini is a spoiled rich girl; she had behaved thusly a few times with him and some others. Without disclosing his own identity or purpose, Shalini's brother Rajesh goes to meet Arun, only to find out that he is an orphan, is from an underprivileged background, and is living in a hostel room, since he doesn't have a house of his own. Arun also rejects any help from Rajesh, as he would prefer to face the world on his own.

Rajesh tells Shalini that he will only arrange her marriage to Arun if Arun reaches a status in society comparable to theirs. Shalini knows that Arun is a good singer because he often sings at college functions and decides to confess her love when Arun becomes what he deserves as she neither wants to make her love a bondage for Arun nor wants to go against her brother. She tells her friend, Madhu, to use her money to start up a music/stage production company and indirectly encourages Arun to become a singer. She starts writing songs for Arun Kumar (without publishing those elsewhere) but still prefers to remain anonymous. Arun gets these songs from an editor, Mr. Verma, who tells him that these songs are written by a girl called Seema (Shalini/Divya Bharti - who wishes to stay anonymous). Through her songs, Arun becomes popular and wealthy in a short while and wants to express his gratitude by meeting her. However, Mr. Verma maintains Seema's anonymity, allowing Arun to correspond via letters.

Finally, Shalini's brother is ready to get her married to (a very successful) Arun Kumar (Prithvi), and also announces his intention to Shalini. But they soon find out that Arun has married the principal's daughter, Meena. The marriage was not the culmination of any romance, but rather the apt thing to do when the principal, who was a mentor to Arun, suddenly died, leaving his lone daughter behind without any support.

Shalini then decides to remain unmarried for the rest of her life. However, due to her love remaining [[unrequited love|unrequited]] and the heartbreak caused by it, her health gradually deteriorates and she is hospitalized due to patches detected in her lungs. Mr. Verma tells Arun that Seema (shalini?DIvya) is in the hospital and about to die. He goes to the hospital, only to find out that Seema is none other than Shalini. He tells his wife about Shalini and they go to the hospital together, where Arun symbolically accepts Shalini as his wife Meena (on being encouraged by Meena), but Shalini soon passes away. A daughter is born to the pregnant Meena, who is named Seema to honor the memory of Shalini.

== Cast ==
* [[Divya Bharti]] as Shalini Saxena / Seema
* [[Prithvi Vazir|Prithvi]] as Arun Kumar
* Sanam as Meena
* [[Suresh Oberoi]] as Rajesh Saxena
* [[Laxmikant Berde]] as Murli
* [[Satyen Kappu|Satyendra Kappu]] as Kaka
* Shehnaz Kudia as Shalini's Friend
* [[Kishore Bhanushali|Kishore Anand Bhanushali]] as Kishore Anand
* Shymakanta as pronoy

==Reception==

The film was a [[Musical film|musical bonanza]], but failed to create an impact at the box office becoming a [[Box-office bomb|box office bomb]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=All you want to know about #DivyaBharti|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/divya-bharti.html|access-date=2021-06-17|website=FilmiBeat|language=en}}</ref> Despite its failure, the performance of [[Divya Bharti]] as the main [[protagonist]] received appreciation<ref>{{Cite web|title=Know your actor: Divya Bharti|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/know-your-actor-divya-bharti-7968.html|access-date=2021-06-17|website=filmfare.com|language=en}}</ref> and is considered one of her best performances.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-15|title=#BollywoodNostalgia: In Memoriam – DIVYA BHARTI (1974-1993)|url=https://www.theleaflet.in/bollywood-nostalgia-divya-bharti-hindi-film-industry-bollywood-in-memoriam-divya-bharti-1974-1993/|access-date=2021-06-17|website=TheLeaflet|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music for all the songs was composed by [[Nadeem-Shravan]]. The title track and "Mera Sanam Sabse Pyara Hai" were popular numbers. Most of the songs are sung by [[Kumar Sanu]]. Other singers include [[Asha Bhosle]], [[Sadhana Sargam]], [[Alka Yagnik]], [[Udit Narayan]].

{{Infobox album
| name = Dil Ka Kya Kasoor
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Nadeem Shravan]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1992
| recorded = 1991
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 47:07
| label = [[Tips Industries Limited|Tips]]
| producer = [[Nadeem-Shravan]]
| prev_title = [[Sadak]]
| prev_year = 1991
| next_title = [[Sapne Sajan Ke]]
| next_year = 1992
}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!#
! Song !! Singer !! Lyricist
|-
|1
| "Dil Jigar Nazar Kya Hai"
| [[Kumar Sanu]]
| Nawab Arzoo
|-
|2
| "Mera Sanam Sabse Pyara Hai"
| Kumar Sanu, [[Asha Bhosle]]
| [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]]
|-
|3
| "Aashiqui Mein Har Aashiq"
| [[Sadhana Sargam]]
| Sameer
|-
|4
| "Gaa Raha Hoon Is Mehfil Mein"
| Kumar Sanu
| [[Anwar Sagar]]
|-
|5
| "Milne Ki Tum Koshish Karna"
| Kumar Sanu, Asha Bhosle
| Madan Pal
|-
|6
| "Khata To Jab Ho"
| Kumar Sanu, [[Alka Yagnik]]
| Anwar Sagar
|-
|7
| "Do Baje Aankh Ladi"
| [[Udit Narayan]], Vicky Mehta
| Anwar Sagar
|-
|8
| "Dil Ka Kya Kasoor"
| Kumar Sanu
| Sameer
|-
|}

==See also==

* [[Saiyaara (disambiguation)|Saiyaara]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=0193102}}

[[Category:1992 films]]
[[Category:1992 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1992 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Nadeem–Shravan]]
[[Category:Films directed by Lawrence D'Souza]]

Daayraa

2026-03-03T23:29:24Z

DessieIqj504: Updated article with clearer structure

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Daayraa
| image = Daayraa_DVD.jpg
| director = [[Amol Palekar]]
| writer = [[Timeri N. Murari]]
| screenplay = Timeri N. Murari
| producer = Dharampriya Das Pravesh Sippy Timeri N. Murari
| starring = [[Nirmal Pandey]] [[Sonali Kulkarni]]
| cinematography = [[Debu Deodhar]]
| editing = [[Waman Bhonsle]]
| music = [[Anand–Milind]]
| studio = Gateway Entertainment Saarth Productions
| distributor = Blue Dolphin Films (UK) Avanti Films (France)
| released = {{Film date|1996|9|12|[[Toronto International Film Festival|TIFF]]|1997|6|13|United Kingdom|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = [[Hindi]]
}}

'''''Daayraa''''' ([[translation]]: ''The Square Circle''; sometimes spelled as '''''Daayra''''') is a 1996 [[Bollywood]] film, directed by [[Amol Palekar]], starring [[Nirmal Pandey]] and [[Sonali Kulkarni]]. The screenplay was by award-winning journalist and novelist, [[Timeri N. Murari]]. Exploring themes such as male-female relationships, preconceived notions of love, and social attitudes toward them, the plot involves a romantic relationship between a [[Transvestism|transvestite]] dancer and a [[gang raped]] woman who begins to dress up like a man.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chopra |first1=Anupama |authorlink1=Anupama Chopra |title=Daayra, daring and original, uses humour to tackle serious issues |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19970115-amol-palekar-daayra-emotional-and-physical-voyage-of-discovery-but-out-of-iffi-panorama-831695-1997-01-15 |website=[[India Today]] |access-date=8 November 2018 |language=en |date=15 January 1997 |archive-date=8 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108144441/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19970115-amol-palekar-daayra-emotional-and-physical-voyage-of-discovery-but-out-of-iffi-panorama-831695-1997-01-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> Due to its sensitive themes, the film was not released theatrically in India.<ref name="ht">{{cite web |last1=Chopra |first1=Anupama |authorlink1=Anupama Chopra |title=Amol Palekar's Daayraa is a daring, original road movie |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/amol-palekar-s-daayraa-is-a-daring-original-road-movie/story-qQtTcf8As4unqA7sqTVLqO.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=8 November 2018 |language=en |date=25 April 2015 |archive-date=8 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108105354/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/amol-palekar-s-daayraa-is-a-daring-original-road-movie/story-qQtTcf8As4unqA7sqTVLqO.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was the first in Palekar's trilogy on sexuality; ''[[Anahat (film)|Anahat]]'' (2003) and ''[[Quest (2006 film)|Thaang]]'' (2006) followed it.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amol Palekar has no regrets |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/amol/20060913.htm |website=Rediff |access-date=8 November 2018 |date=13 September 2006 |archive-date=8 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108105338/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/amol/20060913.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

''Daayraa'' was received well by critics upon its DVD release. [[Anupama Chopra]] wrote, "The film challenges gender roles and traditional ideas of love through witty and moving performances." She added, "Daayraa also has terrific music by Anand-Milind. However, you will have to get past some clumsy direction, terrible background music and glaring lapses in continuity."<ref name="ht"/>

The ''[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]]'' called ''Daayraa'' one of the best films of 1996, saying: "The Indian musical at its delirious best. On the eve of her marriage, a young woman is abducted by a brothel madam and escapes into the arms of an out of work male Diva. He dresses as a woman, she as a man in Amol Palekar's song-and-dance comic melodrama."<ref>{{cite web |title=Show BUZZ -- Time and Daayara |url=http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19961227/36250172.html |work=The Indian Express |access-date=8 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970423000045/http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19961227/36250172.html |archive-date=23 April 1997 |date=27 December 1996}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
Set on the northeastern coast of India, this Indian film includes Bollywood song-and-dance elements in a plot about social issues in India, focusing on women's status in Indian village society, cross dressing, rape, and the history of Indian folk song. The film uses folk songs to tell the story, including one scene parodying Bollywood-style musical numbers.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}}

==Cast==
{| class="wikitable"
!Character Name
!Played by
|-
| The Transvestite
| [[Nirmal Pandey]]
|-
| The Girl
| [[Sonali Kulkarni]]
|-
| Madam
| [[Faiyyaz]]
|-
| Bar Owner
| [[Rekha Sahay]]
|-
| Widow
| [[Neena Kulkarni]]
|-
| Garage Owner
| [[Haidar Ali]]
|-
| Abductor
| [[Nandu Madhav]]
|-
| Abductor
| [[Nagesh Bhosle]]
|-
| Girl's Parent
| [[Rekha Sabnis]]
|-
| Girl's Parent
| [[Sanjay Sharma (actor)|Sanjay Sharma]]
|-
| Sushila's Husband
| [[Kalyani Karandikar]]
|-
| Jeep Driver
| [[Ganesh Yadav]]
|-
| Rapist
| [[Shezaad]]
|-
| Rapist
| [[Brijesh Singh]]
|-
| Rapist
| [[Rajiv Mohanty]]
|}

== Production ==
[[Timeri N. Murari]], who wrote the story and screenplay for the film, said it is about "sexual identity", elaborating that it conveys "[h]ow we define ourselves as men or women and how that identity governs the way we live our lives." He further said, "This is the real India, not the version put out by Bollywood", while adding, "This is the India where women are casually molested and many men are male chauvinists".<ref name="tg1">{{cite web |last1=Arnot |first1=Chris |title=Bollywood it ain't |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/1999/nov/10/artsfeatures5 |website=The Guardian |access-date=8 November 2018 |language=en |date=10 November 1999 |archive-date=1 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101084540/http://www.theguardian.com/culture/1999/nov/10/artsfeatures5 |url-status=live }}</ref> About how he conceptualized the story, Murari wrote, "I can't pin point exactly when an idea is born. I'd like to attribute this film to a pretty girl I saw years ago. She was a villager, herding goats along the roadside near [[Mysore]], in [[South India]]. I was travelling with my wife and sister and got out of the car to take the girl's photograph. Her reaction was startling. She ran screaming and crying to her village and in a moment we were surrounded by her hostile people. We calmed them down and explained the camera, and in return told us why she was frightened. There had been a spate of kidnappings, all girls, who had disappeared forever. No doubt sold into prostitution."<ref name="tim">{{cite web |title=The Square Circle |url=http://www.timerimurari.com/reviewofsquare.htm |website=timerimurari.com |access-date=8 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108065845/http://www.timerimurari.com/reviewofsquare.htm |archive-date=8 November 2018}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Daayraa
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Anand–Milind]]
| cover =
| border = yes
| alt =
| caption = Soundtrack cover
| released =
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=30|s=32}}
| label = [[Saregama]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

The duo of [[Anand–Milind]] scored the film's background music and composed its soundtrack. All songs are written by [[Gulzar]]. The soundtrack album consists of six tracks.<ref>{{cite web |title=Daayraa (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) by Anand-Milind |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/daayraa-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1330485044 |website=iTunes |date=December 1997 |access-date=10 November 2018 |archive-date=10 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110080443/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/daayraa-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1330485044 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 30:32
| title1 = Palkon Pe Chalte Chalte (Male Vocals)
| lyrics1 =
| extra1 = [[K. J. Yesudas]]
| length1 = 6:18
| title2 = Bolo Kya Tum
| lyrics2 =
| extra2 = [[Asha Bhosle]]
| length2 = 6:05
| title3 = Chhute Nahin Chhute Na
| lyrics3 =
| extra3 = K. J. Yesudas
| length3 = 6:37
| title4 = Daayi Ankh Bole
| lyrics4 =
| extra4 = [[Devaki Pandit]]
| length4 = 5:15
| title5 = Palkon Pe Chalte Chalte (Female Vocals)
| lyrics5 =
| extra5 = Asha Bhosle
| length5 = 6:17
}}

== Release and critical reception ==
The makers of ''Daayraa'' were asked "some allegedly obscene dialogue and phrases to be deleted" following which an "A" (Restricted to adults) certificate was given to the film by the [[Central Board of Film Certification]] in August 1996.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Palekar |first1=Amol |title=Imprisoning Minds: Amol Palekar on Censorship |url=https://thewire.in/film/imprisoning-minds |website=The Wire |access-date=9 November 2018 |date=9 July 2016 |archive-date=9 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109070934/https://thewire.in/film/imprisoning-minds |url-status=live }}</ref> However, it did not see theatrical release in India. It premiered at the [[1996 Toronto International Film Festival]] and was then screened at the [[BFI London Film Festival|London Film Festival]]. Subsequent releases came in the film festivals of the [[Hamptons International Film Festival|Hamptons]], [[Melbourne International Film Festival|Melbourne]], Copenhagen, Oslo, [[New York Film Festival|New York]] and [[Vancouver Asian Film Festival|Vancouver]].<ref name="tim"/> It was first released theatrically at [[Leicester Haymarket Theatre|Haymarket theatre]] in [[Leicester]] on 27 November 1999.<ref name="tg1"/> Prints in the UK were distributed by Blue Dolphin Films, and in France by Avanti Films. Sequences of around 20 minutes involving soundtrack were trimmed in these releases.<ref name="tim"/> It completed an eight-week run in the [[West End of London]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Amol Palekar's Moving Film The Square Circle: Released on DVD this February |url=http://www.asff.co.uk/amol-palekars-moving-film-square-circle-will-released-dvd-february/ |website=Aesthetica Short Film Festival |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805091250/http://www.asff.co.uk/amol-palekars-moving-film-square-circle-will-released-dvd-february/ |archive-date=5 August 2016 |date=12 January 2015}}</ref>

The film met with praise from critics upon release. [[Richard Corliss]] of the ''Time'' magazine wrote, "The first 20 minutes of this Hindi- language panegyric packs sufficient incident for a dozen Hollywood movies" and credited the screenplay for the film. He concluded commending the film's "pulse and generosity". Writing for ''[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]]'' magazine, Trevor Johnston felt that it was the "film's thematic daring that's scintillating, though, as it explores the tension between sexual identity and social circumstance in a staunchly traditional society which offers little room for manoeuvre." He added, "While Kulkarni draws our sympathy, it's Pandey's caring, pragmatic, worldly-wise performance as the resourceful tranny that really draws you into the film's imaginative sphere. Forget your preconceptions about Hindi cinema; this takes us on a touching, witty, always surprising journey through terrain that's unfamiliar and human dilemmas that aren't. Quite an achievement, in any language."

The reviewer for the ''[[The Observer|Observer]]'' felt the film could be "a blessing and a trap, and that relationships are often forged at the intersection of romance, duty and companionship." [[Derek Malcolm]] wrote that the film was "intriguing" and that "Murari's script is allowed to take wing..." in the ''[[The Guardian|Guardian]]''. Writing for the [[Financial Times]], [[Nigel Andrews]] said that the "film puts the melos back into melodrama and the sense (and sensitivity) into [[sensationalism]]." The reviewer for ''Asian Entertainment'' called the film "moving and meditative" while adding that it "plays quiet testimony to the talents of filmmakers on the fringes of commercial cinema." ''[[The Independent]]'' commended Pandey for his portrayal of a transvestite in that "it takes an actor of considerable talent to elicit sympathy". The ''[[Gay Times]]'' wrote that the "truth" that the makers were trying to convey were "handled with dignity and conviction".<ref name="tim"/>

== Awards ==
;[[:fr:Festival du film d'aventures de Valenciennes|Festival de Valenciennes]], France
* Grand Prix award<ref name="tim"/>
* Best Actor — [[Sonali Kulkarni]]<ref>{{cite web |title=|url=https://x.com/sonalikulkarni/status/1028198584942878721 |website= X.com |access-date= 11 August 2018 |language=en |date=11 August 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Play acting |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/play-acting/cid/532898 |website=The Telegraph |access-date=9 November 2018 |language=en |date=19 October 2008 |archive-date=9 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109070916/https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/play-acting/cid/532898 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Best Actress — [[Nirmal Pandey]]<ref>{{cite web |date=30 April 1997 |title=Nirmal Pandey wins best actress award... |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/19970430-nirmal-pandey-wins-best-actress-award-for-his-portrayal-of-transvestite-in-daayra-831312-1997-04-29 |access-date= |website=india today |language=en}}</ref>

;[[44th National Film Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm44thNFAAward.aspx|title=44th National Film Awards|publisher=[[International Film Festival of India]]|access-date=9 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505172151/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm44thNFAAward.aspx|archive-date=5 May 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* [[National Film Award – Special Jury Award (feature film)|Special Jury Award (feature film)]]

== See also ==
* [[Alternative lifestyle]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0116002|title=Daayraa}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170618082637/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7fd78f71 ''Daayra''] at [[British Film Institute]]

{{Amol Palekar}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1996 films]]
[[Category:Indian LGBTQ-related films]]
[[Category:1996 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Amol Palekar]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anand–Milind]]
[[Category:1996 LGBTQ-related films]]

Kasturi Nivasa

2026-03-03T22:21:56Z

DessieIqj504: creating new pg first draft

{{short description|1971 film by Dorai–Bhagavan}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kasturi Nivasa
| image = Kasturi Nivasa.jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = [[Dorai–Bhagavan]]
| producer = [[K. C. N. Gowda]]
| screenplay = Dorai–Bhagavan
| story = G. Balasubramanium
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]]
*[[K. S. Ashwath]]
*[[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]]
*[[Aarathi]]
}} Baby Rani
| music = [[G. K. Venkatesh]]
| cinematography = {{plainlist|
*B. Dorairaj
*Chettibabu
*N. G. Rao
}}
| editing = {{plainlist|
*Venkataram
*Kalyan
}}
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1971|1|29|df=y}}
| runtime = 152 minutes
| studio = Anupam Movies
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget = ₹3.75 [[lakh]]<ref name="hindu" />
}}

'''''Kasturi Nivasa''''' ({{audio|Kn-ಕಸ್ತೂರಿ ನಿವಾಸ.ogg|pronunciation}} {{translation|House of Fragrance}}) is a 1971 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] written and directed by the director duo [[Dorai–Bhagavan]] based on a story by G. Balasubramanium which was loosely inspired by [[William Shakespeare]]'s play ''[[Timon of Athens]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Puttaswamy |first=K. |date=4 March 2023 |title=How Dorai-Bhagavan conquered the family drama genre |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/how-dorai-bhagavan-conquered-the-family-drama-genre-1197052.html |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |access-date=29 August 2023 |archive-date=29 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829115427/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/how-dorai-bhagavan-conquered-the-family-drama-genre-1197052.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It was produced by [[K. C. N. Gowda]] under the banner of Anupam Movies. The film stars [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]] as Ravi Varma, an extremely generous man, who succumbs to his intention of being generous no matter what happens. It features [[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]], [[Raja Shankar]], [[K. S. Ashwath]] and [[Aarathi]] in key roles.<ref name=":1" />

After Balasubramaniam wrote the story exclusively for [[Sivaji Ganesan]], director [[K. Shankar]] and producer Noor were impressed. Sivaji Ganesan however refused citing that the film had a tragic ending. In early 1971, [[Chi. Udayashankar]] and [[S.P. Varadaraj|S. P. Varadaraj]] chanced upon the project. Eventually, they coaxed [[Dorai–Bhagavan]] to listen to the story. Upon hearing the story, they agreed on making the film with Rajkumar in the lead role. They bought the rights of the film for ₹38,000. The film was bankrolled by [[K. C. N. Gowda]].<ref name="hindu" /> It features original songs composed by G. K. Venkatesh, while the filming was done by B. Dorairaj, Chettibabu and N. G. Rao.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-12-25 |title=Kasthuri Nivasa – ಕಸ್ತೂರಿ ನಿವಾಸ (1971/೧೯೭೧) |url=https://kannadamoviesinfo.wordpress.com/2012/12/25/kasthuri-nivasa-1971/ |access-date=2022-09-21 |website=Kannada Movies Info |language=en |archive-date=21 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921081025/https://kannadamoviesinfo.wordpress.com/2012/12/25/kasthuri-nivasa-1971/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Expectations for ''Kasturi Nivasa'' were low. Upon its release on 29 January 1971, initial response was tepid, but favorable word-of-mouth publicity and positive critical response helped it to become a box office success, with a theatrical run of 100 days in 16 theatres across [[Karnataka]]. The film was remade in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Shaandaar (1974 film)|Shaandaar]]'' (1974),<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 July 2019 |title=On Sanjeev Kumar's 81st birthday, a look at why he remains unparalleled as an actor on the Indian screen |language=en |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/on-sanjeev-kumar-s-81st-birthday-a-look-at-why-he-remains-unparalleled-as-an-actor-on-the-indian-screen/story-Ly6xRJjL8xmpgfAN0b1yvL.html |url-status=live |access-date=1 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107230612/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/on-sanjeev-kumar-s-81st-birthday-a-look-at-why-he-remains-unparalleled-as-an-actor-on-the-indian-screen/story-Ly6xRJjL8xmpgfAN0b1yvL.html |archive-date=7 November 2020}}</ref> and in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''[[Avandhan Manidhan]]'' (1975).<ref name="passed up" /> The film's soundtrack was well received with the songs ''Aadisidaata'' and ''Aadisi Nodu Beelisi Nodu'' becoming chartbusters.<ref name="bm1">{{Cite news |date=3 November 2014 |title=Kasturi Nivasa back in colour |work=[[Bangalore Mirror]] |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/Kasturi-Nivasa-back-in-colour/articleshow/45026123.cms |url-status=live |access-date=5 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105092549/http://www.bangaloremirror.com/entertainment/south-masala/Kasturi-Nivasa-back-in-colour/articleshow/45026123.cms |archive-date=5 November 2014}}</ref>

In 2014, ''Kasturi Nivasa'' became the second Kannada film to be digitally [[Remaster|remastered]] and [[Film colorization|colourised]], at an estimated cost of ₹2 [[crore]]. The project of colorising the film was taken up by K. C. N. Gowda himself. However, he died midway through the project. After he died, his son, K. C. N. Mohan took over the project.<ref name=":2" /> The updated version was released on 7 November 2014 in over 100 theatres in [[Karnataka]]. It was a commercial success that generated mostly positive reviews.<ref name="toi1" /><ref name=":0" />

== Plot ==
Ravi Varma, owner of a matchbox factory is a [[widower]] and has lost his daughter in an accident. Recognising that his honest employee Chandru is in a similar position, he decides to help Chandru financially. As Chandru attends training in the US, Ravi takes care of Chandru's charming daughter. On return, Chandru suggests changing the company's structure. Ravi, who is a traditionalist becomes infuriated. Protesting this, Chandru resigns and starts his own matchbox company and becomes the leading matchbox manufacturer. Ravi has planned to propose to his secretary Neela, but when she seeks his permission to marry Chandru, he blesses her.

Facing financial losses because of excessive charity, Ravi puts up his house for sale. Chandru calls for the highest bid to give it back to Ravi, but Ravi does not accept. Circumstances lead to Ravi's downfall. The film ends on a tragic note. Neela requests him to give her the dove for her sick daughter. But Ravi has just sold the dove, to prepare a meal for Neela. Unable to say no to a request he breathes his last.

== Cast ==
* [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]] as Ravi Varma
*[[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]] as Neela
*[[Aarathi]] as Lakshmi
* [[Raja Shankar]] as Chandru
* Baby Rani as Rani
* [[K. S. Ashwath]] as Ramaiah
* [[Narasimharaju (Kannada actor)|Narasimharaju]] as Sampath
* [[Balakrishna (Kannada actor)|Balakrishna]] as Bhojarajaiah<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilson |first=Heather |date=2 November 2017 |title=Kasturi Nivasa |url=https://cinemachaat.com/2017/11/02/kasturi-nivasa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621003022/https://cinemachaat.com/2017/11/02/kasturi-nivasa/ |archive-date=21 June 2020 |access-date=2 March 2021 |website=Cinema Chaat |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Vijayashree]]
* Surekha
* Halam

== Production ==

=== Development ===
The story ''Kasturi Nivasam'' written by G. Balasubramanium had been bought by film producer Noor for {{INR}} 25,000 wanting to make a film in Tamil with [[Sivaji Ganesan]] However, Ganesan was reluctant after hearing the story, considering that the film had a tragic ending with the protagonist dying. In early 1971, Kannada screenwriter Chi. Udayashankar and [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]]’s younger brother S. P. Varadaraj chanced upon the project. Eventually, they coaxed [[Dorai–Bhagavan]] (B. Dorai Raj and S.K. Bhagavan) to listen to the story. Upon hearing the story, Dorai–Bhagavan, were interested in making the film with Rajkumar under their banner Anupam Movies.

=== Casting and filming ===
The director duo was not sure if Rajkumar would accept the role. Rajkumar was then convinced by his brother Varadappa, following which the rights were bought from Noor by Dorai–Bhagavan for {{INR}}38,000. Rajkumar received a remuneration of {{INR}}15,000.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 April 2014 |title=Kasturi Nivasa in colour |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Kasturi-Nivasa-in-colour/articleshow/33234719.cms |url-status=live |access-date=5 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207162037/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Kasturi-Nivasa-in-colour/articleshow/33234719.cms |archive-date=7 December 2014}}</ref>

Filming done in [[Mysore]] and [[Kanteerava Studios]] in [[Bangalore]], was completed in 19 and a half days, having spent {{INR}}3.75 lakh.<ref name="hindu">{{Cite news |last=Venkatasubba Rao |first=K. N. |date=12 July 2008 |title=Kasturi Nivasa 1971 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/kasturi-nivasa-1971/article1420537.ece |url-status=live |access-date=8 November 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190722171026/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/enspKasturi-Nivasa-1971/article15385016.ece |archive-date=22 July 2019}}</ref> The dove used in the film was bought for {{INR}}500 from outside the erstwhile [[Mysore State]].<ref name="toi1">{{Cite news |date=5 November 2014 |title=Rajkumar-starrer to make a colourful comeback |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/City/Bangalore/Rajkumar-starrer-to-make-a-colourful-comeback/articleshow/45039586.cms |url-status=live |access-date=5 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120093846/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/City/Bangalore/Rajkumar-starrer-to-make-a-colourful-comeback/articleshow/45039586.cms |archive-date=20 November 2015}}</ref> When filming began in 1971, ''Kasturi Nivasa'' was initially to have been shot in colour. On the second day of filming, the producer [[K. C. N. Gowda]] asked the team to stop filming on its second day and was adamant about filming it in colour, in spite of having a black-and-white set of {{INR}}1.25 [[lakh]]. He felt the film must be shot in [[Eastmancolor]], and said he was ready to incur an additional expenditure of {{INR}}5.5 lakh. But Rajkumar felt it should go on as conceived. Finally, Rajkumar on insisting Gowda that money not be wasted, the filming resumed in black-and-white.<ref name="passed up">{{Cite news |date=5 November 2014 |title=Sivaji Ganesan passed up on the offer |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/sivaji-ganesan-passed-up-on-the-offer/article6565823.ece |url-status=live |access-date=8 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101170009/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/sivaji-ganesan-passed-up-on-the-offer/article6565823.ece |archive-date=1 November 2016}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[G. K. Venkatesh]]. The album consists of six tracks. The songs "Aadisidaata" and "Aadisi Nodu Beelisi Nodu" were written by [[Chi. Udayashankar]], who also wrote the film's screenplay.<ref>{{Cite web |title=''Kasturi Nivasa'' on Saregama |url=http://www.saregama.com/portal/pages/film?mode=get_album_info&albumId=2356 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929190914/http://www.saregama.com/portal/pages/film?mode=get_album_info&albumId=2356 |archive-date=29 September 2011 |access-date=2 July 2011 |website=[[Saregama]]}}</ref> On the final day of the re-recording, while scoring the background music for the climax, [[L. Vaidyanathan]], assistant to Venkatesh, felt free verse would enhance the mood and add additional depth to the situation. Immediately, Udayashankar was called and made to listen to the tune on violin, he then wrote the lyrics for song "Aadisidaata" which Venkatesh himself sang.<ref name="hindu" /> The song "Nee Bandu Nintaaga" was loosely inspired by "Yeh Dil Diwana Hai" from the 1970 Hindi film ''[[Ishq Par Zor Nahin]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Deshmukh |first=Arunkumar |date=15 June 2013 |title=Multiple Version Songs (12): Similar songs in Hindi and Kannada |url=https://www.songsofyore.com/similar-songs-in-hindi-and-kannada/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101140633/https://www.songsofyore.com/similar-songs-in-hindi-and-kannada/ |archive-date=1 January 2020 |access-date=2 March 2021 |website=Songs Of Yore}}</ref> The song "Aadisi Nodu Beelisi Nodu" also featured as a background song in the opening scene of the 2025 [[Malayalam]]-language film ''[[Officer on Duty]]''.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Title
!Lyrics
!Singers
!Length
|-
|"Nee Bandu Nintaga"
|[[R. N. Jayagopal]]
|[[P. B. Sreenivas]]
[[P. Susheela]]
|4:17
|-
|"Aadisi Nodu Beelisi Nodu"
|[[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|P. B. Sreenivas
|3:19
|-
|"Aadona Neenu Naanu"
|[[Vijaya Narasimha]]
|P. B. Sreenivas
|3:41
|-
|"Elle Iru Hege Iru"
|Chi. Udaya Shankar
|P. Susheela
|3:26
|-
|"Aadisidaata Besara Moodi"
|Chi. Udaya Shankar
|[[G. K. Venkatesh]]
|3:21
|-
|"Oh Geleya" (Cabaret song)
|R. N. Jayagopal
|[[L. R. Eswari]]
|3:19
|}

== Themes ==
The film stresses the principle that "life is to give—not to take". The role of Ravi Varma, the protagonist played by Rajkumar is a character who upholds the values of life even it means his destruction; a person who is keen on retaining his character's purity and those morals he has cherished. Ravi Varma led a lonely yet righteous life. He did not break his principles even as it led to his downfall.

== Reception ==

=== Critical response ===
Hita Prakash of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' praised the film for portraying the nuances of leading a righteous yet lonely life.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2020 |title=Here are some must-watch iconic films of Dr Rajkumar |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/metrolife/metrolife-lifestyle/here-are-some-must-watch-iconic-films-of-dr-rajkumar-829441.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414141504/https://www.deccanherald.com/metrolife/metrolife-lifestyle/here-are-some-must-watch-iconic-films-of-dr-rajkumar-829441.html |archive-date=14 April 2021 |access-date=4 August 2021 |website=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref> It was also praised for chartering the rise of new order – the relevance of modern manufacturing techniques and the loss of class divide with an associated loss of morals.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2 November 2017 |title=Kasturi Nivasa |url=https://cinemachaat.com/2017/11/02/kasturi-nivasa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621003022/https://cinemachaat.com/2017/11/02/kasturi-nivasa/ |archive-date=21 June 2020 |access-date=19 June 2020 |website=cinemachaat.com}}</ref> Sivaji Ganesan was all praise for Rajkumar's performance in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2021 |title=Director looks back on 50 years of Kasturi Nivasa |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/director-looks-back-on-50-years-of-kasturi-nivasa-948104.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905162749/https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/entertainment/entertainment-news/director-looks-back-on-50-years-of-kasturi-nivasa-948104.html |archive-date=5 September 2022 |access-date=5 September 2022 |website=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
The film got an average response in its initial run of nine weeks. However, it picked up soon and went on to complete 175 days at several centres across Karnataka with a 100-day run at 16 centres in [[Mysore]].<ref name="hindu" /> Learning of the film's success, Sivaji Ganesan purchased the remake rights for {{INR}}2 lakh. The Tamil version of ''Kasturi Nivasa'', directed by [[A. C. Tirulokchandar]], was ''[[Avandhan Manidhan]]'' (1975).<ref name="passed up" />

== Colourisation ==
[[File:Kasturi Nivasa B&W, colour comparison.jpg|thumb|left|175px|alt=black-and-white film scene above a colourised version of the same scene|A comparison between the original (''above'') and colourised versions]]
''Kasturi Nivasa'' was Rajkumar's second film to be colourised and then theatrically released, after ''[[Satya Harishchandra (1965 Kannada film)|Satya Harishchandra]]'' (1965), a colourised version of which was released in 2008. The project to colourise ''Kasturi Nivasa'' was taken up by its producer [[K. C. N. Gowda]]. With parts of the film's [[Original camera negative|negatives]] damaged, the first step in colourisation involved procuring the archival print from the Karnataka film archives. Bits of the negatives were then procured from other sources and spliced together to restore the original quality of the film (in black-and-white).<ref name="th1">{{Cite news |date=5 November 2014 |title=Catch the all-new Kasturi Nivas |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/catch-the-allnew-kasturi-nivas/article6565809.ece |url-status=live |access-date=11 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311051321/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/catch-the-allnew-kasturi-nivas/article6565809.ece |archive-date=11 March 2022}}</ref> The colourisation work was carried out by 60 personnel for a period of 20 months, who coloured each of the 215,000 [[Film frame|frames]] of the original film. The music of the film was also recreated. The audio of the film stored digitally was converted to [[5.1 surround sound]].<ref name="tht1">{{Cite news |date=17 November 2014 |title=A Restored Rajkumar Classic Sets the Box Office on Fire |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2014/nov/17/a-restored-rajkumar-classic-sets-the-box-office-on-fire-683248.html |url-status=live |access-date=11 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024175611/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2014/nov/17/A-Restored-Rajkumar-Classic-Sets-the-Box-Office-on-Fire-683248.html |archive-date=24 October 2020}}</ref>

With the work 70 per cent completed, Gowda died in October 2012.<ref name="bm1" /> Following his death, his son K. C. N. Mohan took over the project.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=28 January 2014 |title=Rajkumar's 'Kasturi Nivasa' Now in Colour |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/Rajkumar%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%98Kasturi-Nivasa%E2%80%99-Now-in-Colour/2014/01/28/article2023988.ece |url-status=dead |access-date=5 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221160549/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/Rajkumar%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%98Kasturi-Nivasa%E2%80%99-Now-in-Colour/2014/01/28/article2023988.ece |archive-date=21 December 2014}}</ref> Speaking of colourising the dresses in film's frames, he said, "We had to take into consideration the costumes of the 1970s. We used a software which gave us the nearest-matching colour." The black-and-white film was first saved in digital format before removing the scratches, dots and rainy lines from it. Based on the grey scales, colours were then added using a [[Digital ICE|digital enhancement technique]] for the first time for an Indian film. The colourised film has a [[frame rate]] of 24 per second. The project was completed at a cost of {{INRConvert|2|c}}.<ref name="toi1" />

The colourised film released on 7 November 2014, in over 100 prints in [[Karnataka]].<ref name="th1" /> Upon the theatrical re-release, the film opened to a good response from the audience.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 November 2014 |title=Rajkumar returns |work=[[Bangalore Mirror]] |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/Rajkumar-returns/articleshow/45073754.cms |url-status=live |access-date=8 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107213103/http://www.bangaloremirror.com/entertainment/south-masala/Rajkumar-returns/articleshow/45073754.cms |archive-date=7 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=7 November 2014 |title=Dr Rajkumar still holds sway over fans |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/440236/dr-rajkumar-still-holds-sway.html |url-status=live |access-date=8 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107215045/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/440236/dr-rajkumar-still-holds-sway.html |archive-date=7 November 2014}}</ref> It opened to packed audiences in the initial weeks of its release, performing well in both single screens and multiplexes.<ref name="tht1" /> Competing against other films that released during the time of its release, the film performed well and trade analysts speculated a {{INR}}2 [[crore]] revenue in its first week of re-release.<ref name=":0" /> Film critic Shyam Prasad S. of ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' remarked that the coloured version "retains the charm of the old world films." He further added that "the colouring was not a restoration work. It has made the classic even better. It highlights minute details like the torn wool and discoloring of the torn part of the tattered suit in the latter half of the movie."<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2014 |title=Movie review: Kasturi Nivasa |work=[[Bangalore Mirror]] |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/Movie-review-Kasturi-Nivasa/articleshow/45125779.cms |url-status=live |access-date=23 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326201440/http://www.bangaloremirror.com/entertainment/reviews/Movie-review-Kasturi-Nivasa/articleshow/45125779.cms |archive-date=26 March 2015}}</ref> Following a good response at the domestic box-office reports, in late November 2014 the film was screened in six cities in the United States.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 November 2014 |title=Kasturi Nivasa to Release in the US |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/Kasturi-Nivasa-to-Release-in-the-US/2014/11/20/article2531817.ece |url-status=dead |access-date=23 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222182513/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/Kasturi-Nivasa-to-Release-in-the-US/2014/11/20/article2531817.ece |archive-date=22 December 2014}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
The film is considered to be a milestone in [[Kannada cinema]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 August 2020 |title=After Dr Rajkumar, Rachita Ram to live in Kasturi Nivasa |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/after-dr-rajkumar-rachita-ram-to-live-in-kasturi-nivasa/articleshow/77798930.cms |url-status=live |access-date=2 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329165549/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/after-dr-rajkumar-rachita-ram-to-live-in-kasturi-nivasa/articleshow/77798930.cms |archive-date=29 March 2021}}</ref> The role of Ravi Varma, the protagonist played by Rajkumar is a character who upholds the values of life even it means his destruction; a person who is keen on retaining his character's purity and those morals he has cherished. The character became an inspiration for the protagonist, Siddhartha of the 2017 film ''[[Raajakumara]]'' which starred Rajkumar's son [[Puneeth Rajkumar|Puneeth]]. "Every character played by Dr Rajkumar... Some roles like that of Rajeeva's character in ''[[Bangaarada Manushya|Bangarada Manushya]]'' and the one in ''Kasturi Nivasa'', have attained greatness due to this. They are considered to be the topmost films in Dr Rajkumar's career. This is also one of the reasons why the recently released film ''[[Raajakumara]]'' featuring [[Puneeth Rajkumar]], has great similarities of those selfless acts of Annavru in Kasturi Nivasa and this instantly connected with the audience", said film historian Srinivas.<ref>{{Cite news |last=SM |first=Shashiprasad |date=19 July 2017 |title=Legends of the fall |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/sandalwood/190717/legends-of-the-fall.html |url-status=live |access-date=26 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525011021/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/sandalwood/190717/legends-of-the-fall.html |archive-date=25 May 2019}}</ref> The film was also noted for featuring the dove which has over the years attained a cult status and is noted for its special connection with the [[List of South Indian film families#Rajkumar family|Rajkumar Family]]. Puneeth Rajkumar can also be seen with a dove in ''[[Raajakumara|Raajkumara]]''. [[Shiva Rajkumar|Shivarajkumar]], Rajkumar's eldest son was also seen with a dove in the 2022 film ''[[Bairagee]].''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lokesh |first=Vinay |date=12 June 2022 |title=Exclusive: The special connection between pigeons and the Rajkumars |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/exclusive-the-special-connection-between-pigeons-and-the-rajkumars/articleshow/92147813.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618182534/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/exclusive-the-special-connection-between-pigeons-and-the-rajkumars/articleshow/92147813.cms |archive-date=18 June 2022 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=13 November 2014 |title=Kasturi Nivasa has hit the bullseye at the box-office |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Kasturi-Nivasa-has-hit-the-bullseye-at-the-box-office/articleshow/45131680.cms |url-status=live |access-date=16 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141120002452/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Kasturi-Nivasa-has-hit-the-bullseye-at-the-box-office/articleshow/45131680.cms |archive-date=20 November 2014}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|1416733}}
{{Dorai–Bhagavan}}

[[Category:1971 Indian films]]
[[Category:1971 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1971 drama films]]
[[Category:1971 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Dorai–Bhagavan]]
[[Category:Films scored by G. K. Venkatesh]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Kannada films remade in other languages]]

Maharaja (2011 film)

2026-03-03T03:24:00Z

DessieIqj504: further adjusted citations after review further and updated info as per guidelines

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Maharaja
| image = Maharaja Poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = D. Manoharan
| writer = D. Manoharan
| starring = [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] [[Vijay Sathya|Sathya]] [[Anjali (film actress)|Anjali]]
| producer = J. Ravi
| music = [[D. Imman]]
| cinematography = V. Lakshmapathy
| editing = [[P. Sai Suresh]]
| studio = Jeyaram Company
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2011|12|30}}
|country=India
| runtime =
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| budget =
}}

'''''Maharaja''''' ({{translation|Great king}}) is a 2011 Indian Tamil-language film written and directed by Manoharan and produced by J. Ravi. The film stars [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]], [[Vijay Sathya|Sathya]] and [[Anjali (film actress)|Anjali]]. The music was composed by [[D. Imman]].

==Synopsis==
Mahadevan is a middle-aged government employee who leads a very normal family life with his wife, son, and father. He lives a budget life, rides an old scooter, wears out-of-fashion clothes, and bears a sullen expression on his face for all the reasons above. He is unhappy with his present life, which is monotonous, and feels that he should live a modernized life which he has missed in his earlier life. In this day and age, with westernization overpowering everything else, he is constantly reminded of a flame that died out long ago, and it questions the purpose of his existence. Meanwhile, Aravind, who comes from America, has a modern lifestyle. He works in a software company in Chennai. Mahadevan happens to meet Aravind and learns that he is his nephew. Both of them become very close. Aravind helps Mahadevan enjoy the modern life, which causes Mahadevan's family to suffer greatly with his activities. However, Aravind turns a new lease of life when he falls for Priya. He changes his poor characters for his love. Aravind comes to understand the real life and feels that he would only spoil his uncle's life. How he helps his uncle through this midlife crisis forms the rest of the story.

==Cast==
{{Colbegin}}
*[[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Mahadevan
*[[Vijay Sathya|Sathya]] as Aravind
*[[Anjali (film actress)|Anjali]] as Priya
*[[Saranya Ponvannan|Saranya]] as Seetha
*[[Natassha|Anita Hassanandani]]
*[[Karunas]] as Maadasamy aka OneTen
*[[Kovai Sarala]] as Bujji
*[[M. S. Viswanathan]] as Aravind's grandfather
*[[Vennira Aadai Moorthy]]
*[[Ajay Rathnam]]
*[[M. S. Narayana]] as Subbu
*[[Bayilvan Ranganathan]] as Traffic police officer
{{Colend}}

==Production ==
The film was launched in March 2009 with [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] being roped in by the debutant director Manoharan to star in the lead role, with the veteran actor allotting 35 days to shoot for the film, four times as lengthy as he would offer for other roles.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2009/03/13/stories/2009031350010100.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090317052540/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2009/03/13/stories/2009031350010100.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=2009-03-17 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Mr. Versatile | date=2009-03-13}}</ref> [[Vijay Sathya|Sathya]], [[Anjali (film actress)|Anjali]] and [[Natassha|Anita Hassanandani]] were roped in to essay other leading roles in the film while [[Karunas]] and [[Saranya Ponvannan|Saranya]] were selected to play supporting roles.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/2010/aug/03/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-220918.html |title=தலைமுறைகளின் பனிப் போர்|language=ta|work=[[Dinamani]] |access-date=25 May 2024 |archive-date=25 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525141713/https://syndication.twitter.com/srv/timeline-profile/screen-name/DinamaniDaily?dnt=false&embedId=twitter-widget-0&features=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%3D%3D&frame=false&hideBorder=false&hideFooter=false&hideHeader=false&hideScrollBar=false&lang=ta&maxHeight=600px&origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dinamani.com%2Flatest-news&sessionId=56683f7867b53d6a0041f18cb9f699e28445840c&showHeader=true&showReplies=false&siteScreenName=Dinamani&transparent=false&widgetsVersion=2615f7e52b7e0%3A1702314776716 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/showbitz/article2131803.ece | title=Showbitz | newspaper=The Hindu | date=24 June 2011 | last1=Kumar | first1=S. R. Ashok | access-date=25 May 2024 | archive-date=17 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717230621/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/showbitz/article2131803.ece | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Itsy-bitsy/article16303872.ece | title=Itsy bitsy | newspaper=The Hindu | date=27 May 2010 | last1=Raghavan | first1=Nikhil | access-date=25 May 2024 | archive-date=17 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717230618/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Itsy-bitsy/article16303872.ece | url-status=live }}</ref> The film was briefly delayed before remaining portions were completed in [[Malaysia]] in a 40-day schedule by December 2010. The film was planned as a Tamil-Telugu bilingual film although the Telugu version was never released.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/SHOWBITZ/article15596786.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | title=Showbitz | date=2010-12-17 | access-date=25 May 2024 | archive-date=17 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717230634/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/SHOWBITZ/article15596786.ece | url-status=live }}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The film score and soundtrack for Maharaja was composed by [[D. Imman]]. The album consists of six tracks, featuring lyrics penned by [[Na. Muthukumar]], [[P. Vijay]], [[Snehan]], Dr. Kiruthiya, [[Yugabharathi]], and [[Viveka (lyricist)|Viveka]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/mahaaraaja/E7EAP9GRGDc_|title=Mahaaraaja|work=JioSaavn|access-date=25 May 2024|archive-date=25 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525141633/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/mahaaraaja/E7EAP9GRGDc_|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Infobox album
| name = Maharaja
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[D. Imman]]
| cover =
| alt =
| caption =
| released = 16 December 2011
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Uchithanai Muharnthaal]]
| prev_year = 2011
| next_title = [[Manam Kothi Paravai]]
| next_year = 2012
}}

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Adida Dammaaram
| extra1 = [[D. Imman]], Roshini
| lyrics1 = [[Viveka (lyricist)|Viveka]]
| length1= 4:17
| title2= Are Dhammare
| extra2 = [[Neha Bhasin]], Ananthu
| lyrics2 = Kirithiya
| length2= 4:33
| title3 = Hello Nanbaa
| extra3 = [[Vijay Yesudas]]
| lyrics3 = [[Pa. Vijay]]
| length3= 5:09
| title4 = Mexi Mexican Lady
| extra4 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
| lyrics4 = [[Na. Muthukumar]]
| length4= 4:51
| title5 = My Name Is Raju Baby
| extra5 = [[Benny Dayal]], Nassar, Sricharan
| lyrics5 = [[Snehan]]
| length5= 4:54
| title6 = Raaja Raaja Mahaaraaja
| extra6 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], M. L. R. Karthikeyan, Solar Sai
| lyrics6 = [[Yugabharathi]]
| length6= 4:53
}}

==Release ==
The film remained unreleased for a year,<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/courting-the-camera/article2403041.ece | title=Courting the camera | newspaper=The Hindu | date=27 August 2011 | last1=Rao | first1=Subha J. | access-date=25 May 2024 | archive-date=11 November 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111220349/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/courting-the-camera/article2403041.ece | url-status=live }}</ref> before hitting screens on 30 December 2011.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|4339116}}

[[Category:2011 films]]
[[Category:2011 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2011 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by D. Imman]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Saifai

2026-03-02T16:39:10Z

DessieIqj504: starting.

{{Tone|date=September 2022}}
<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saifai Village — Saifai, Etawah (Uttar Pradesh) |url=https://www.villagegram.in/uttar-pradesh/etawah/sefai/saifai/ |access-date=2026-03-02 |website=www.villagegram.in |language=en}}</ref>{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Saifai
| other_name =
| nickname = Saifai village
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = File:Saifai village.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Night View of Saifai village, Etawah district, U.P.
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.964|N|78.953|E|region:IN-UP|display=it}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = Division
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kanpur division|Kanpur]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Etawah district|Etawah]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)|Panchayat Raj]]
| governing_body = [[Gram Panchayat]]
| leader_title1 = [[Sarpanch|Gram Pradhan (Village head)]]
| leader_name1 = Ramphal Valmiki
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Sub-Divisional Magistrate|SDM]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = Kaushal Kishore, PCS
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Deputy superintendent of police|DSP]]/[[Circle Officer]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = Pahup Singh
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]]
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Dimple Yadav]] ([[Mainpuri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mainpuri constituency]])
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly|MLA]]
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Shivpal Singh Yadav]] ([[Jaswantnagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jaswantnagar constituency]])
| blank5_name_sec1 = [[Block Pramukh]]
| blank5_info_sec1 = Mridula Yadav
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 8.8747
| elevation_m = 102
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 7,141
| population_footnotes = <ref name="C11">{{cite web|title=Saifai Village Population – Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh|website=census2011.co.in|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/147452-saifai-uttar-pradesh.html}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 206130
| registration_plate = UP-75
| blank6_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank6_info_sec1 = 82.44%
| blank7_name_sec1 = Highways
| blank7_info_sec1 = [[Agra Lucknow Expressway|Agra-Lucknow Expressway]], [[State Highway 83 (Uttar Pradesh)]]
| website = [http://etawah.nic.in etawah.nic.in]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Saifai''' is a large village and [[university town]] in the [[Etawah district]]<ref name="C11"/> of the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name=index14/> It is also a sub-division ([[Tehsil]]) and Block (''Kshetra Panchayat'') of the Etawah district. It is the birthplace of [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]], the founding president of the [[Samajwadi Party]], former [[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]] in India, and former [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="indexp">{{cite news|title=Saifai: Medical varsity in Mulayam village gets Governor's nod|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/saifai-medical-varsity-in-mulayam-singh-village-gets-governor-ram-nai-nod-2781503/|access-date=18 July 2016|date=3 May 2016}}</ref>

==Geography==
Saifai, categorised as a village, is situated in Etawah district at the border with [[Mainpuri district]]. Its geographical location falls under [[Ganges-Yamuna Doab]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]].

Saifai village has an area of 887.47 hectares and Saifai Block (Kshetra Panchayat) is 20,403.30 hectares.<ref name="CI2011">{{cite web | title= DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK ETAWAH | website= censusindia.gov.in | url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0930_PART_B_DCHB_ETAWAH.pdf }}</ref> Saifai is located 23 km north from the nearest city [[Etawah]]. Saifai is about 110 km away from the historic city of [[Taj Mahal]], [[Agra]] and 230 km from the State capital [[Lucknow]].

==Saifai Tehsil and Block==
Saifai is a Sub-Division ([[Tehsil]]) and [[Community development block in India|Block]] (Kshetra Panchayat) of [[Etawah district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. There are about 60 villages in Saifai block.<ref name="IVD">{{cite web|title=Saifai Tehsil/Block|website=villageinfo.in|url=https://villageinfo.in/uttar-pradesh/etawah/saifai.html}}</ref> Saifai Block (Kshetra Panchayat) comes under [[Jaswantnagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jaswantnagar Vidhan Sabha constituency]] and [[Mainpuri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mainpuri Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="index14">{{cite news|title=Neighbours' Envy: Remarkable growth of Saifai has left other villages feeling left out|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/neighbours-envy-3/|access-date=18 July 2016|date=18 January 2014}}</ref>

==Education==

=== Universities ===
*[[Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences]] (formerly [[U.P. Rural Institute of Medical Sciences and Research]]) is a [[medical research]] [[public university]] established by the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] under Act 15 of 2016. The university has a [[Medical College]], Paramedical College, Nursing College, Pharmacy College, multispeciality 850-bed hospital, and a 150-bed [[Trauma center|trauma]] and [[burn centre]]. A super specialty hospital with 500 beds has also been established in the university by the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="AU2016">{{cite web |script-title=hi:रिम्स सैफ़ई बना आयुर्विज्ञान विश्वविद्यालय|website=अमर उजाला|date= 6 June 2016|url=http://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/etawah/rims-becomes-ayurvigyan-university|language=hi}}</ref><ref name="BS2015">{{cite news | title= UP govt to establish medical science university in Saifai | newspaper= Business Standard India | date= 13 March 2015 | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/up-govt-to-establish-medical-science-university-in-saifai-115031301071_1.html | agency= Press Trust of India }}</ref><ref name="NBT2016">{{cite news |script-title=hi:सैफ़ई मेडिकल यूनिवर्सिटी को गवर्नर का ओके |newspaper=Navbharat Times | date= 3 May 2016 | url=http://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/metro/lucknow/politics/saifai-medical-university-of-governor-ok/articleshow/52080483.cms |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Saha |first=Adity |date=2024-03-07 |title=CM Yogi inaugurates 500-bed Super Speciality Block at UP Medical Sciences University |url=https://medicaldialogues.in/news/health/hospital-diagnostics/cm-yogi-inaugurates-500-bed-super-speciality-block-at-up-medical-sciences-university-125474 |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=Medical Dialogues |language=en}}</ref>

===Colleges===
*[[Pharmacy College Saifai]], established in 2015, was the first government aided pharmacy college run by the Uttar Pradesh Government. Earlier affiliated with [[UPTU]], it is now part of the [[Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.upums.ac.in/StaticPages/CollegeofPharmacy.aspx|title=Official website of the Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences|website=upums.ac.in|access-date=27 September 2019|archive-date=30 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130142353/http://www.upums.ac.in/StaticPages/CollegeofPharmacy.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:Chaudhary Charan Singh Post Graduate College, Heonra, Saifai, Etawah.jpg|Chaudhary Charan Singh Post Graduate College, Heonra, Saifai|thumb]]
*[[Chaudhary Charan Singh Post Graduate College]], Heonra-Saifai, [[Etawah district|Etawah]] or [[Chaudhary Charan Singh Post Graduate College|Chaudhary Charan Singh Degree College]] is a government aided Post Graduate College in Saifai. The college is situated in nearby Heonra village.<ref name="CCSPG College">{{cite web|title=www.ccspg.org (Website of Chaudhary Charan Singh Post Graduate College)|website=Chaudhary Charan Singh Post Graduate College|url=http://www.ccspg.org/}}</ref>
*[[Major Dhyanchand Sports College]], a residential [[sports college]] established in 2014. It offers teaching from 6th to 12th standard and sports training in [[cricket]], [[association football|football]], [[Field hockey|hockey]], [[wrestling]], [[Sport of athletics|athletics]], [[badminton]], [[Swimming (sport)|swimming]], and [[kabaddi]].
*[[Chaudhary Charan Singh College of Law]], Heonra-Saifai, [[Etawah]] offers an [[Under graduate degree|undergraduate]] course in [[Law]]. The college is situated in Heonra village which is part of Saifai Block (Kshetra Panchayat).<ref name="CSJMU">{{cite web | title=Colleges in ETAWAH DISTRICT | website=Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University | url=http://www.kanpuruniversity.org/affiliated_colleges2.asp?dname=ETAWAH&dcode=EW | access-date=24 July 2016 | archive-date=8 October 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008054947/http://www.kanpuruniversity.org/affiliated_colleges2.asp?dname=ETAWAH&dcode=EW | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="BCI">{{cite web | title= List of Law Colleges having approval of affiliation of the Bar Council of India | website=Bar Council of India | url=http://www.barcouncilofindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/List-of-Law-Colleges-2013-as-on-1st-Jan.-2013.pdf }}</ref>
*[[S.S. Memorial Educational Academy, Saifai]] offers a 2 year B.T.C., which is now known as a Diploma in Elementary Education (D.El.Ed.) in [[Uttar Pradesh]].

===Training centres===
* [[Punjab National Bank]] (PNB) Farmers' Training Centre, Saifai, established in 2005, it is one of 12 Farmers' Training Centre by [[Punjab National Bank|PNB]].<ref>{{Cite web | title=Farmers` Welfare Trust {{!}} Punjab National Bank | url=https://www.pnbindia.in/PNB-farmers-welfare-trust.html | access-date=2025-02-01 | website=www.pnbindia.in}}</ref> It provides training to farmers, women and rural youth.
* [[Industrial Training Institute|Government Industrial Training Institute]], Saifai offers 12 months to 24 months training in various vocational trades.
[[File:Sports_Authority_of_India.png|thumb|300px|[[Sports Authority of India|SAI]] Training Centres across India]]
*[[Sports Authority of India]] (SAI) Training Centre, Saifai in situated in Saifai's [[Master Chandgi Ram Sports Stadium]] campus. It offers residential training in [[Sport of athletics|Athletics]] and [[Handball]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sportsauthorityofindia.nic.in/det.asp?tcid=18|title=SAI Training Centers-Sports Authority of India, Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports – Government of India|website=sportsauthorityofindia.nic.in|access-date=27 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/metro/lucknow/other-news/trial-for-29-and-30-for-admission-in-sai/articleshow/67692835.cms|title=Lucknow Samachar: साई में ऐडमिशन के लिए 29 और 30 को होंगे ट्रायल – trial for 29 and 30 for admission in sai|website=Navbharat Times|language=hi|access-date=27 September 2019}}</ref>
*[[Worker cooperative|Cooperative Management]] Training Centre, Heonra-Saifai is a one of 6 Cooperative Management Training Centres in [[Uttar Pradesh]], while other 5 are situated in [[Bilari]] ([[Moradabad district]]), [[Mahoba]], [[Meerut]], [[Varanasi]] and [[Ayodhya]]. It offers 4.5 months short term trainng in Cooperative, Legal aspects of Cooperatives, Legal aspects of Cooperatives, Business Development Plan and Policy, Financial Acounting and Audit & General Knowledge and Social Work.<ref>{{Cite web |title=हैवरा का सहकारी प्रबंध प्रशिक्षण केंद्र बेहाल - |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/etawah-15240631.html |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>https://cooperativeup.gov.in/StaticPages/cultraining_scheme-hi.aspx{{Dead link | date=August 2025 | fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>

==Transport==
===Road===
Saifai village is connected to [[Mainpuri]] and [[Etawah]] by the four-lane [[State Highway 83 (Uttar Pradesh)]]. [[Agra Lucknow Expressway|Agra-Lucknow Expressway]] passes near to Saifai, connecting the area to [[Delhi]], [[Agra]], [[Kannauj]], and [[Lucknow]]. Saifai also has a [[bus station]] and a [[Bus garage|depot]], owned and operated by [[Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation]] (UPSRTC). [[UPSRTC]] buses are available to all major destinations in the state.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.upsrtc.com/default.aspx?depots---bus-stations|title=UPSRTC|website=upsrtc.com|access-date=27 September 2019|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226035820/http://www.upsrtc.com/default.aspx?depots---bus-stations|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=परिवहन निगम का सैफई डिपो शुरू, यूनिवर्सिटी के मरीजों को होगा फायदा|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/etawah-transport-corporations-saifai-depot-starts-university-patients-will-benefit-21189352.html|access-date=2021-01-08|website=www.jagran.com|language=hi}}</ref> Saifai Depot has 21 buses as of November 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Etawah News: सैफई डिपो की खटारा बसों में सफर करना है जोखिम भरा |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/etawah/traveling-in-khatara-buses-of-saifai-depot-is-risky-etawha-news-c-216-1-sknp1011-4836-2023-11-06 |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>

===Rail===
[[Saifai railway station]], also spelled as Saiphai railway station, is located on the newly built [[Mainpuri-Etawah line]] railway. It connects Saifai to [[Etawah railway station]], which is on the [[Howrah–Delhi main line]].<ref name="Jagran">{{cite web |script-title=hi:इटावा-मैनपुरी रेलवे ट्रैक पर जल्द दौड़ेगा इंजन|website=दैनिक जागरण|date=24 February 2016|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/etawah-13631358.html|language=hi}}</ref>

===Airport===
[[File:VT-UPM, Hawker 900XP of Uttar Pradesh Government at Saifai Airstrip (2016).jpg|Hawker 900XP of Uttar Pradesh Government at Saifai Airstrip (2016)|thumb]]
The nearest domestic airport from Saifai is [[Agra Airport]] (115 Kilometres) and nearest international airport to Saifai is [[Lucknow International Airport]] (225 Kilometres). Saifai also has an airstrip.
The [[Saifai airstrip]] is used only by unscheduled chartered flights. In 2015, the [[Indian Air Force]] conducted emergency landing tests at the airstrip with the [[Mirage 2000]] aircraft.<ref name="TOI">{{cite web|title= Mulayam's Saifai plays host to fighter planes|website=The Times of India|date=19 August 2015|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Mulayams-Saifai-plays-host-to-fighter-planes/articleshow/48534472.cms}}</ref> In 2018, the air force conducted a second practice exercise at the airstrip.<ref name="SH83-SA">{{cite web | title= Indian Air Force will practice at Saifai Airstrip, second time | website= state highway 83 (blog) | date= 13 April 2018 | url=https://statehighway83.wordpress.com/2018/04/13/indian-airforce-will-practice-at-saifai-airstrip-second-time/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title='गगनशक्ति' अभियान के तहत वायुसेना के लड़ाकू विमानो का युद्धाभ्यास शुरू}}</ref>

==Census 2011==
===Village===
According to [[2011 Census of India|Census 2011]], Saifai had 1,481 families, with a population of 7,141 of which 3,917 were male and 3,224 female.<ref name="C11"/>

The population of children aged 0–6 is 1,059 which makes up 14.83% of the total population of the village. The average [[sex ratio]] of 823 is lower than Uttar Pradesh state average of 912. The child sex ratio of 912 is higher than the Uttar Pradesh average of 902.<ref name="C11"/>

The village has a higher literacy rate compared to Uttar Pradesh. In 2011, the literacy rate was 82.44% compared to 67.68% of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Male literacy stood at 89.27% while female literacy was 74.00%.<ref name="C11"/>

===Block (Vikas Khand/Kshetra Panchayat)===
According to [[2011 Census of India|Census 2011]], Saifai Block has 19,578 families residing. The Saifai Block (Vikas Khand/Kshetra Panchayat) had a population of 112,620 of which 60,479 are male and 52,141 are female.<ref name="CI2011"/>

==Stadiums==
According to the newspaper ''[[The Hindu]]'', Saifai is in a process to establish itself as a sports and education hub in the state and has two sports complexes.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/in-the-middle-of-nowhere-saifai-attempts-to-emerge-as-a-major-sporting-hub/article8557309.ece|title=In the middle of nowhere, Saifai attempts to emerge as a major sporting hub|first=Uthra|last=Ganesan|date=5 May 2016|access-date=29 October 2017|website=The Hindu}}</ref>
*[[Saifai International Cricket Stadium]] is grouped with an [[athletics stadium]], an indoor stadium, and an indoor [[swimming pool]] at the [[Major Dhyanchand Sports College]] campus.
*[[Master Chandgiram Sports Stadium]], named after Haryanvi wrestler [[Chandgi Ram]], is a national-level sports complex with a [[Field hockey pitch|hockey pitch]], a multipurpose (badminton and wrestling) hall, and a [[swimming pool]].

==Saifai Mahotsav==
Organised between 1997 and 2015, Saifai Mahotsav (officially the Ranveer Singh Smriti Saifai Mahotsav) was an annual 15-day cultural fair organised by the Ranveer Singh Smriti Saifai Mahotsav committee. It used to take place in the village every year during December and January. It was started in 1997 by Ranveer Singh Yadav, the nephew of [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]] and father of [[Tej Pratap Singh Yadav]], as a small village fair named Saifai Mahotsav. It was renamed as the Ranveer Singh Smriti Saifai Mahotsav after his death in 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/mulayams-rs-20-cr-saifai-festival-exposes-audacity-of-political-class-1330515.html|title=Mulayam's Rs 20 cr Saifai festival exposes audacity of political class|website=Firstpost|date=9 January 2014|access-date=27 September 2019}}</ref> The festival's closing ceremony which was also known as Bollywood Night was often controversial due to the participation of [[Bollywood]] [[celebrities]]. The organisation of Saifai Mahotsav was cancelled in 2017 during the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]'s government and has not been organised since.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/etawah/saifai-mahotsav-programme-2nd-time-cancelled|title=सैफई महोत्सव का आयोजन दूसरी बार निरस्त|website=Amar Ujala|access-date=27 September 2019}}</ref>

==Notable people==


*[[Akhilesh Yadav]], 20th [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]] (March 2012 - March 2017)
*[[Mulayam Singh Yadav]], founder president of [[Samajwadi Party]], former [[Minister of Defence (India)]] & former [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Shivpal Singh Yadav]]
* [[Tej Pratap Singh Yadav]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Etawah district}}
{{Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Kanpur division topics}}

[[Category:Saifai| ]]
[[Category:Villages in Etawah district]]

Pi Buki

2026-02-26T05:08:31Z

DessieIqj504: creating - done

{{Short description|Western Mizo chieftainess (d.1877)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Pi Buki
| image =
| title = Chieftainess of Muthi {{lang|lus|Muthi Lalnu}}
| caption =
| succession =
| reign =
| coronation =
| cor-type =
| predecessor = [[Mângpawrha]]
| regent =
| reg-type =
| successor = [[Suakpuilala]]
| suc-type =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = March 1877
| death_place =
| spouse = [[Mângpawrha]]
| spouse-type = Spouse
| consort =
| issue = [[Suakpuilala]], [[Banaitangi]]
| issue-link =
| regnal name =
| house = Sailo
| father = Lalrihua
| mother =
| religion = [[Mizo religion|Sakhua]]
| type = chieftain
| burial_date =
| burial_place =
| signature =
| native_lang1 = [[Duhlien]]
}}
'''Pi Buki''' was a Mizo chieftainess in the western Lushai Hills (now [[Mizoram]]). She cooperated with the British and was the mother of [[Suakpuilala]]. She also challenged customary Mizo laws on women's inheritance by granting her daughters chieftainship rights.

==Chieftainship==
Pi Buki was born to Chief Lalrihua and was the sister of [[Lalchukla|Lalsuthlaha]]. She was married to [[Mângpawrha]], who parted with his estate to pay the customary bride price to her and hence entitled her to chieftainship. Pi Buki managed Mângpawrha's estate diligently and allowed him to grow in power and influence. She maintained a conciliatory policy with the British, who she described as white sahibs possessing guns that could destroy villages and granaries. Following Mângpawrha's death, she met with the British officials and formed diplomatic alliances with them while maintaining the sovereignty of her family's chiefdoms.{{sfn|Nag|Lalsangpuii|2024|p=87}}

Pi Buki mended customary Mizo inheritance laws in regards to equal shares for her son and daughters. Traditionally, only the son of the chief could inherit property, and women could not if a legitimate male descendant were alive. Pi Buki granted estates to her daughter [[Banaitangi]] and Rothangpuii alongside her son [[Suakpuilala]]. Both Banaitangi and Rothangpuii ruled their own independent villages as chieftainesses.{{sfn|Nag|Lalsangpuii|2024|p=87}}

Pibuk was recorded by the British by participating in the trade and riverine bazaars with her grandson [[Khalkama]] where she sent ivory tusks in August 1874 to open the Sonai Bazaar.{{sfn|Tribal Research Institute|1978|p=55}}{{sfn|Tribal Research Institute|1978|p=124}}

The Deputy Commissioner, made a tour in February 1877 of Pi Buki's village and recorded 100 houses. She also had a vassal chief known as Sanga who ruled over 200 houses. Her {{lang|lus|upas}} accompanied the deputy commissioner along with Sanga as a form of hospitality.{{sfn|Tribal Research Institute|1978|p=109}} Pi Buki died in March 1877, and her ruling settlement was succeeded by her daughter [[Banaitangi]].{{sfn|Tribal Research Institute|1978|p=108}}

==Genealogy==
{{Sukpilal family tree}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book |editor-last1=Singh|editor-first=Lata|editor-last2=Sinha|editor-first2=Shashank Shekhar|last1=Nag |first1=Sajal |last2=Lalsangpuii|first2=R.|chapter=Reversing of Gender:Anti-colonial resistance by Women warriors in Northeast India |title=Gender in Modern India:History, Culture, Marginality |date=2024 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://www.google.co.nz/books/edition/Gender_in_Modern_India/TMgJEQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 |access-date=30 August 2025}}
*{{cite book |last=Chatterjee |first=Suhas |date=1995 |title=Mizo Chiefs and the Chiefdom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YON9iVgsDRUC |location=New Delhi |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=81-85880-72-7}}
*{{cite book |last=Tribal Research Institute |date=1978 |title=The Lushais 1878-1889 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.16553/page/n1/mode/2up |location=Aizawl |publisher=Firma KLM Private Limited}}

{{Lushai frontier}}

[[Category:Western Lushai chiefs]]
[[Category:1877 deaths]]

Chattha

2026-02-25T04:48:10Z

DessieIqj504: Put up

'''Chattha''' may refer to:

==People==
*[[Ashish Chattha]] (born 2000), an American soccer player
*[[Chaudhary Aadil Bakhsh Chattha]], Pakistani politician
*[[Hamid Nasir Chattha]] (born 1944), Pakistani politician
*[[Khurram Ijaz Chattah]] (born 1980), Pakistani politician
*[[Naeem Hussain Chattha]], Pakistani politician

==Places==
*[[Ahmad Nagar Chattha]], a small town in Wazirabad Tehsil, Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan
*[[Ajitke Chattha]], a village located in Wazirabad Tehsil, Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan
*[[Ali Pur Chatta]], a Tehsil and union council of Ali Pur Chattha Tehsil, Wazirabad District, Punjab, Pakistan
*[[Dehla Chattha]], a village on Alipur Chatha Road, in Wazirabad Tehsil, in the Gujranwala District of Pakistan
*[[Jalalpur Chattha]], the registered name of a village in Tehsile Wazirabad, District Gujranwala
*[[Jamke Chattha]], a town and Union Council in Wazirabad Tehsil, Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan
*[[Jugna Chattha]], a small village located in Gujranwala District, Tehsil Wazirabad, Punjab, Pakistan
*[[Madrassa Chattha]], a village located in the Gujranwala district, Pakistan
*[[Mahay Chattha]], a small village 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from the city of Kamoke Gujranwala
*[[Thatha Shamsa (Chattha)]], a small village in the Hafizabad District of Punjab, Pakistan
*[[Verpal Chattha]], a town and Union Council in Wazirabad Tehsil, Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan

==Other==
* [[Chattha (clan)]], a [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] [[Muslim Jat|Jat]] clan in the [[Pakistani Punjab]]

==See also==
*[[Alipur Chatta railway station]], in Alipur Chatha city, Gujranwala district, Punjab province, Pakistan
*[[Chatha (disambiguation)]]

{{Disambiguation|geo|surname}}

Vettiyar

2026-02-09T03:34:03Z

DessieIqj504: added details for clarity based on references

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Vettiyar
| official_name = വെട്ടിയാർ
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Theru.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|9.28|N|76.62|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for = Cutted Down River (Vettiya-Aar)
| government_type = Village
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 1300
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 690558
| registration_plate = KL 31 ([[Mavelikkara]]) KL 04 ([[Alappuzha]])
| website =
| footnotes =
}}{{Unreferenced|date=February 2026}}
'''Vettiyar''' (വെട്ടിയാർ) is a village located in the Onattukara Region of Alappuzha District, Kerala, India, specifically within the Thazhakkara Panchayat and Mavelikara Taluk along the [[Mavelikkara]]-[[Pandalam]] Road/[[State Highway-80]]. It lies on the banks of the Achankovil River. It is located between [[Mavelikkara]] and [[Pandalam]]. The village features famous temples, such as the Palliyarakkavu Devi Temple, which hosts the Pathamudaya festival.

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Alappuzha district}}

[[Category:Villages in Alappuzha district]]

{{Alappuzha-geo-stub}}

Brij Bhoomi (film)

2026-01-28T15:08:22Z

DessieIqj504: updated page

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Brij Bhoomi
| image =
| caption =
| starring = Shiv Kumar [[Bharati Achrekar]] [[Raja Bundela]] [[Alka Nupur]]
| director = Shiv Kumar
| producer = Shiv Kumar
| cinematography = S.N. Dubey
| screenplay = K. B. Pathak
| editing = Yakub Khan
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1982}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = [[Braj Bhasha]]
| music = [[Ravindra Jain]]
| budget =
}}
'''''Brij Bhoomi''''' is a 1982 Indian film based on [[Braj]] culture. It is the first fearure film in the [[Braj Bhasha]] dialect.<ref name="Ashish">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLkABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA28 | title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema | publisher=Routledge | last1= Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish | last2= Willemen |first2=Paul | year=2014 | pages=28 | isbn=9781135943189}}</ref> It was produced and directed by Shiv Kumar, who also starred in the film, and the lyrics and music were by [[Ravindra Jain]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amarujala.com/city/mathura/mathura-17577-2.html |title=Latest Mathura News, Breaking News Mathura, News Headlines -Mathura |publisher=Amar Ujala |date=2011-04-18 |access-date=2012-09-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516230323/http://www.amarujala.com/city/Mathura/Mathura-17577-2.html |archive-date=16 May 2011 }}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Raja Bundela]]
*[[Alka Nupur]]
*Shiv Kumar
*[[Bharati Achrekar]]
*Sandeepan Nagar
*Krishna Sharma
*[[Tom Alter]] (Guest Appearance)
*[[Aruna Irani]] (Guest Appearance)

==Soundtrack==
*Charon Dhamon Se nirala Brij Dham – Ravindra Jain & Chorus
*Gopal tere Aaye bina – Anuradha
*Ram Dhaniya o Raja Ram Dhaniya – Hemlata
*Jhoola to Pad gaye – Chandrani Mukherjee & Sushil Kumar
*Shyam Lalla Dal leke Chala – Ravindra Jain
*Goro Rang bhayo jeeko Janjal – Hemlata
*Bida Gopal Bida – Chandrani Mukherjee, Sushil Kumar & Chorus

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1982 films]]
[[Category:Braj Bhasha films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Uttar Pradesh]]

{{India-film-stub}}

Honya Kengle

2026-01-04T01:32:48Z

DessieIqj504: creating basic entry w/ infobox

{{Short description|Koli freedom fighter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = Bandkari
| name = Naik Honyaji Bhagoji Kengle
| honorific_suffix = Chief of Kengle kolis
| native_name = नायक होन्याजी भागोजी केंगले
| native_name_lang = Hi
| other_names = *''Honya Naik''
*''Honya Koli''
*''Honya Kengale''
| birth_name = Honyaji Bhagoji Kengle
| birth_date = 1836
| birth_place = [[Jambhori]] village, [[Pune]], [[Pune district]], [[British Indian Empire]]
| death_date = 1876
| death_place = Ahmednagar central jail, [[Ahmednagar district]], [[British Indian Empire]]
| death_cause = Hanged
| occupation = [[Agriculturist]]
| years_active = 1872 - 1876
| era = [[British Raj|British era]]
| movement = [[Indian independence movement]]
| criminal_charges = [[Murder]], [[Plundering]]
| criminal_penalty = Hanged to Death
| father = Naik Bhagoji Kengle
}}

The '''Honyaji Bhagoji Kengle''' (also spelled as '''Honya Kengla''',<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818-1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |publisher=[[University of Minnesota]] |year=1978 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=63–87 |language=en}}</ref> '''Honya Naik''',<ref name=":1" /> '''Honya Kenglia''',<ref name=":2" /> '''Honya Koli'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kulkarni-Pathare |first=Dr Ravindra Thakur Translated From MARATHI to ENGLISH by Reshma |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WtDQDwAAQBAJ&dq=Honya+Koli&pg=PT311 |title=MAHATMA JYOTIRAO PHULE- english |date=2020-02-17 |publisher=Mehta Publishing House |isbn=978-93-5317-404-0 |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref>) was [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Indian independence activists|freedom activist]] from [[Maharashtra]] who sought [[freedom]] from [[British Raj|British]] [[Colonialism|colonial]] rule in [[India]]. Kengle also fought against [[Sahu]]kars, or [[Loan|Moneylenders]] who were capturing the lands of poor native Indians and British supporting elements. The [[Bombay Presidency|Bombay]] government announced the reward of [[Indian rupee|INR]] 1000 for Honya Kengle dead or alive and 200 - 600 [[Indian rupee sign|INR]] for other revolutionaries. He was labelled as an [[Outlaw]] by British government.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=95–134 |language=en}}</ref> He led the Koli rebellion from 1872 to 1876.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Krishan |first=Shri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SM9jDwAAQBAJ&dq=honiya+Kengle&pg=PT128 |title=Political Mobilization and Identity in Western India, 1934-47 |date=2005-04-07 |publisher=SAGE Publishing India |isbn=978-93-5280-307-1 |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref>

Honya Kengla was considered as [[Robin Hood]] of [[Mumbai|Bombay]] and a [[Hero]] of his region.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Charlesworth |first=Neil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jIbRhV00p6AC&dq=honya+Kenglia&pg=PA98 |title=Peasants and Imperial Rule: Agriculture and Agrarian Society in the Bombay Presidency 1850-1935 |date=2002-07-04 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-52640-1 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=98: The classic example occurred in the Deccan between 1873 and 1875 when the Koli dacoit, Honya Kenglia, established himself as Bombay's Robin Hood. Honya's gang, wearing as their Lincoln green a distinctive dress of red military coats, roamed the countryside, robbing moneylenders, firing their houses and often inflicting their own special brand of indignity: the cutting off of noses |language=en}}</ref> He was fully support by Tribal communities of West Ghats.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hardiman |first1=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=biA-AAAAMAAJ |title=Peasant Resistance in India, 1858-1914 |last2=Hardiman |first2=Professor of History David |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-19-562725-1 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=185 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
The Honya Kengle was born in 1836<ref name=":1" /> in a [[List of Koli people|Koli]] family of [[Jambhori]] village in [[Pune district|Pune]] [[List of districts of Maharashtra|district]] to [[Nayak (title)|Naik]] Bhagoji Kengle<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yang |first=Anand A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DroEAQAAIAAJ |title=Crime and Criminality in British India |publisher=[[Association for Asian Studies]] |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-8165-0951-5 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=175: The rebel leader was identified at his trial as " Honya son of Bhagoji Kengla, age 40, caste [[Koli people|Koli]], occupation [[Cultivator]], resident of Jambhari, [[Khed Taluka]], Poona |language=en}}</ref> who was chief of Mahadev Kolis of Kengle [[clan]].<ref name=":0" />

== Revolutionary activities ==
In 1872, the Honya Kengle took up arms against British rule in Maharashtra mostly in North West Poona.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H8IKAQAAIAAJ |title=The History and Culture of the Indian People: British paramountcy and Indian renaissance, pt. 1 |publisher=[[G. Allen & Unwin]] |year=1951 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=940–941 |language=en}}</ref> He collected a revolutionary army of Kolis in [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] and attacked and plundered the British controlled territory in [[Pune district|Pune]], [[Nashik district|Nashik]], [[Thane district|Thana]] and [[Ahmednagar district|Ahmednagar]].<ref name=":0" /> He cut off the Nose of [[Marwari people|Marwadi]] [[Bania (caste)|Baniyas]] because they were in full support of British officials.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sunthankar |first=B. R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OzZuAAAAMAAJ |title=Nineteenth Century History of Maharashtra: 1858-1920 |publisher=Shubhada-Saraswat Prakashan |year=1993 |isbn=978-81-85239-50-7 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=68: the leadership of Honya, an influential Koli chief with a well trained gang, began a series of attacks on moneylenders . Many of them were robbed and the noses of some of them were cut off . These outrages created terror among the |language=en}}</ref>

In 1874, a special British force under [[Colonel]] Scott and Mr. W. F. Sinclair C. S. was despatched to burn down the rebellion. The Koli rebellion under the leadership of Honya Koli was principally directed against the moneylenders. The disturbances merged into the more widespread [[Deccan Riots|Deccan riots]] of 1875.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Brahme |first1=Sulabha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UuJFAAAAYAAJ |title=Agrarian Structure, Movements and Peasant Organisations in India |last2=Parthasarathy |first2=Gogula |last3=Shrimali |first3=P. D. |publisher=V.V. Giri National Labour Institute |year=2004 |isbn=978-81-7827-064-7 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=125 |language=en}}</ref>

== Death ==
In 1876, During the fight between British [[troop]]s and Honiya Kengle's [[revolutionary]] Koli army, they were defeated by troops and Kengle was captured by [[Major (rank)|Major]] H. Daniel but Kengle had become a hero throughout the [[List of districts of Maharashtra|region]]. When he was tried in [[Pune]], the [[jury]] returned a [[verdict]] of not guilty, despite the incriminating evidence against him. The British [[judge]] promptly ordered that Honiya be re tried in [[Mumbai|Bombay]] city. The case was heard there two months later, and Honiya was hanged in Ahmednagar central jail.<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==
*[[Vasudev Balwant Phadke]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Ahmadnagar/his_modern_period.html History of Maharashtra]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kengle, Honya}}
[[Category:1836 births]]
[[Category:1876 deaths]]
[[Category:People executed by British India by hanging]]
[[Category:People executed for murdering police officers]]
[[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]
[[Category:Indian nationalist assassins]]
[[Category:Executed assassins]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:Executed Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:19th-century executions by British India]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian independence armed struggle activists]]
[[Category:Robin Hood]]
[[Category:19th-century murderers]]

Famously Filmfare

2025-12-31T00:14:06Z

DessieIqj504: New

{{unreliable sources|date=September 2025}}
{{Short description|Indian celebrity talk show}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| image_upright =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| alt_name =
| native_name = 
| genre = Talk show
| creator = [[Filmfare]] Content Studio
| writer =
| director =
| presenter = [[#Overview|Full list]]
| starring =
| country = [[India]]
| language = {{ubl|Hindi|Bengali|Marathi|Kannada|Punjabi|Tamil|Telugu|Malayalam}}
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes =
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer =
| news_editor =
| cinematography =
| editor =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime =
| company = Frames Production Company
| budget =
| network = [[MX Player]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2017}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2019}}
| related = 
}}
'''Famously Filmfare''' is an Indian [[talk show]] created by [[Filmfare]] in association with Content Studio, providing an intimate glimpse into the personal and professional lives of prominent figures from the [[Cinema of India|Indian film industry]]. It debuted in 2017 with its Hindi version, which has aired two seasons.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Without even screen test, Farah Khan-Shah Rukh Khan chose Deepika Padukone for Om Shanti Om |url=https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/without-even-screen-test-farah-khan-shah-rukh-khan-chose-deepika-padukone-for-om-shanti-om-2013762.html |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title="I wish I hadn't done Shaandaar." – Shahid Kapoor {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/i-wish-i-hadnt-done-shaandaar-shahid-kapoor-32198.html |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref> Additionally, the show has had one season each in Bengali, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, and Punjabi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-16 |title=Tamannaah Bhatia: I felt like a 16-year-old when I met Hrithik Roshan for the first time |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/tamannaah-bhatia-famously-filmfare-interview-5620890/ |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The first season of the Hindi version was sponsored by [[Jio]], while the second season was sponsored by [[American Express]]—both seasons were streamed on [[YouTube]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-25 |title=Ranveer Singh on playing Alauddin Khilji in Padmavati: He is not even human, he is a haivaan. Watch video |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ranveer-singh-on-playing-alauddin-khilji-in-padmavati-he-is-not-even-human-he-is-a-haivaan-watch-video-4673012/ |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aishwarya Rai Bachchan's latest look is too hot to handle {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/photos/aishwarya-rai-bachchans-latest-look-is-too-hot-to-handle-31683.html |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref> The regional versions of the show aired on [[MX Player]].

== Overview ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
!Versions
!Host
!Season(s)
!No. of episodes
!Year
!{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
|Bengali
|[[Abir Chatterjee]]
|1
|11
|2019
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BPhXM1aMqIA |title=Vikram Chatterjee on Famously Filmfare {{!}} Bengali Interview {{!}} MX Original Series {{!}} MX Player |date=2019-03-06 |last=MX Player |access-date=2025-02-08 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
| rowspan="2" |Jitesh Pillai
|1
|8
|2017
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-06 |title=Deepika Padukone goes all white for the summer and looks like a dream! View Pictures {{!}} India.com |url=https://www.india.com/viral/deepika-padukone-goes-all-white-for-the-summer-and-looks-like-a-dream-view-pictures-2003016/ |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=16 things Alia Bhatt said on Jio Famously Filmfare {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/16-things-alia-bhatt-said-on-jio-famously-filmfare-22133.html |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2
|10
|{{Start date|2018|df=y}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-14 |title=Exclusive: Deepika Padukone opens up on her equation with Katrina Kaif {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/exclusive-deepika-padukone-opens-up-on-her-equation-with-katrina-kaif-31676.html |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Kannada
| rowspan="2" |[[Priyamani]]
|1
|6
|2019
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fbWIdHr6BM |title=Famously Filmfare {{!}} Season 1 {{!}} Episode 1 {{!}} Kannada {{!}} MX Original Series {{!}} MX Player |date=2019-11-13 |last=MX Player |access-date=2025-02-08 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
|Malayalam
|1
|6
|2019
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z9hysoFIlJc |title=Manju Warrier on Famously Filmfare {{!}} Malayalam Interview {{!}} MX Original Series {{!}} MX Player |date=2019-03-20 |last=MX Player |access-date=2025-02-08 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
|Marathi
|[[Amruta Khanvilkar]]
|1
|12
|2019
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Famously Filmfare - An MX Original Series |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/mx-player/famously-filmfare/webseriesshow/65889255.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-02-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lootere actress Amruta Khanvilkar's hot pictures from her latest photo shoot will leave you awestruck |url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/digital/lootere-actress-amruta-khanvilkar-s-hot-pictures-her-latest-photo-shoot-will-leave-you |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=www.tellychakkar.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Punjabi
|[[Surveen Chawla]]
|1
|5
|2019
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-04-02 |title=Mahie Gill reveals that she never wanted to become an actor |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/mahie-gill-reveals-that-she-never-wanted-to-become-an-actor/articleshow/68684281.cms |access-date=2025-02-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|Tamil
|[[Bhavana Balakrishnan]]
|1
|5
|2019
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-03-07 |title=Arvind Swamy reveals secrets on Famously Filmfare Tamil on MX Player |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/arvind-swamy-reveals-secrets-on-famously-filmfare-tamil-on-mx-player/articleshow/68299740.cms |access-date=2025-02-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-02-22 |title=Ramya Krishnan to play a queen in a period-drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/ramya-krishnan-to-play-a-queen-in-a-period-drama/articleshow/68107781.cms |access-date=2025-02-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|Telugu
|[[Chinmayi Sripada]]
|1
|10
|2019
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-04-04 |title=Shruti Haasan shares how she got her first movie on Famously Filmfare |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/shruti-haasan-shares-how-she-got-her-first-movie-on-famously-filmfare/articleshow/68718648.cms |access-date=2025-02-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|}

== Episodes ==
=== Hindi Season 1 ===
{{Episode table |background=#c9c9c9 |season=2 |title= |airdate= |titleT=Guests | airdateR=| episodes=
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 1
| RTitle = [[Katrina Kaif]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 2
| RTitle = [[Deepika Padukone]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 3
| RTitle = [[Ranbir Kapoor]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 4
| RTitle = [[Alia Bhatt]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 5
| RTitle = [[Varun Dhawan]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 6
| RTitle = [[Kareena Kapoor]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 7
| RTitle = [[Karan Johar]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 8
| RTitle = [[Ranveer Singh]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|df=y}}
}}
}}

=== Hindi Season 2 ===
{{Episode table |background=#c9c9c9 |season=2 |title= |airdate= |titleT=Guests | airdateR=| episodes=
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 1
| RTitle = [[Deepika Padukone]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 2
| RTitle = [[Ayushmann Khurrana]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 3
| RTitle = [[Janhvi Kapoor]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 4
| RTitle = [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 5
| RTitle = [[Ranveer Singh]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 6
| RTitle = [[Shahid Kapoor]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 7
| RTitle = [[Sara Ali Khan]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 8
| RTitle = [[Anil Kapoor]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 9
| RTitle = [[Vicky Kaushal]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 10
| RTitle = [[Katrina Kaif]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|df=y}}
}}
}}

=== Bengali ===
{{Episode table |background=#c9c9c9 |season=2 |title= |airdate= |titleT=Guests | airdateR=| episodes=
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 1
| RTitle = [[Koel Mallick]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|2|19|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 2
| RTitle = [[Vikram Chatterjee]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|2|27|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 3
| RTitle = [[Paoli Dam]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|3|6|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 4
| RTitle = [[Srijit Mukherjee]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|3|13|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 5
| RTitle = [[Tanusree Chakraborty]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|3|20|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 6
| RTitle = [[Rituparna Sengupta]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|3|27|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 7
| RTitle = [[Sauraseni Maitra]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|4|3|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 8
| RTitle = [[Parambrata Chatterjee]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|4|10|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 9
| RTitle = [[Debashree Roy]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|4|17|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 10
| RTitle = [[Ishaa Saha]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|4|24|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 11
| RTitle = [[Ridhima Ghosh]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|5|1|df=y}}
}}
}}

=== Marathi ===
{{Episode table |background=#c9c9c9 |season=2 |title= |airdate= |titleT=Guests | airdateR=| episodes=
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 1
| RTitle = [[Sai Tamhankar]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|2|19|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 2
| RTitle = [[Swwapnil Joshi]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|2|27|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 3
| RTitle = [[Amey Wagh]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|3|6|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 4
| RTitle = [[Priya Bapat]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|3|13|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 5
| RTitle = [[Gashmeer Mahajani]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|3|20|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 6
| RTitle = [[Sonali Kulkarni]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|3|27|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 7
| RTitle = [[Manasi Naik]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|4|3|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 8
| RTitle = [[Renuka Shahane]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|4|10|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 9
| RTitle = [[Subodh Bhave]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|4|17|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 10
| RTitle = [[Mukta Barve]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|4|24|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 11
| RTitle = [[Rinku Rajguru]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|5|1|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 12
| RTitle = [[Jitendra Joshi]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|5|8|df=y}}
}}
}}

=== Kannada ===
{{Episode table |background=#c9c9c9 |season=2 |title= |airdate= |titleT=Guests | airdateR=| episodes=
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 1
| RTitle = [[Puneeth Rajkumar]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|2|19|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 2
| RTitle = [[Rashmika Mandanna]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|2|27|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 3
| RTitle = [[Shraddha Srinath]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|3|6|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 4
| RTitle = [[Rakshit Shetty]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|3|13|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 5
| RTitle = [[Sruthi Hariharan]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|3|20|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 6
| RTitle = [[Yash (actor)|Yash]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|3|27|df=y}}
}}
}}

=== Telugu ===
{{Episode table |background=#c9c9c9 |season=2 |title= |airdate= |titleT=Guests | airdateR=| episodes=
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 1
| RTitle = [[Vijay Deverakonda]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|2|19|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 2
| RTitle = [[Rakul Preet Singh]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|2|27|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 3
| RTitle = [[Rana Daggubati]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|3|6|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 4
| RTitle = [[Samantha Prabhu]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|3|13|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 5
| RTitle = [[Naga Chaitanya]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|3|20|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 6
| RTitle = [[Tamannaah Bhatia]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|3|27|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 7
| RTitle = [[Shruti Haasan]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|4|3|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 8
| RTitle = [[Ram Pothineni]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|4|10|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 9
| RTitle = [[Kalyani Priyadarshan]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|4|17|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 10
| RTitle = [[Sudheer Babu]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|4|24|df=y}}
}}
}}

=== Tamil ===
{{Episode table |background=#c9c9c9 |season=2 |title= |airdate= |titleT=Guests | airdateR=| episodes=
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 1
| RTitle = [[R. Madhavan]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|2|19|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 2
| RTitle = [[Tamannaah Bhatia]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|2|27|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 3
| RTitle = [[Arvind Swamy]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|3|6|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 4
| RTitle = [[Shruti Hassan]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|3|13|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 5
| RTitle = [[Kajal Aggarwal]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|3|20|df=y}}
}}
}}

=== Malayalam ===
{{Episode table |background=#c9c9c9 |season=2 |title= |airdate= |titleT=Guests | airdateR=| episodes=
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 1
| RTitle = [[Bhavana (actress)|Bhavana]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|2|1|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 2
| RTitle = [[Tovino Thomas]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|2|27|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 3
| RTitle = [[Mamta Mohandas]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|3|6|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 4
| RTitle = [[Antony Varghese]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|3|13|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 5
| RTitle = [[Manju Warrier]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|3|20|df=y}}
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber2 = 6
| RTitle = [[Rima Kallingal]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|3|27|df=y}}
}}
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|11286172|Famously Filmfare – Season 1 (Hindi)}}
*{{IMDb title|11286192|Famously Filmfare – Season 2 (Hindi)}}
*{{IMDb title|11286148|Famously Filmfare (Regional)}}

[[Category:Indian web series]]
[[Category:Hindi-language web series]]
[[Category:Kannada-language web series]]
[[Category:Telugu-language web series]]
[[Category:Indian television talk shows]]
[[Category:MX Player original programming]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language web series]]

2015 Indian Federation Cup final

2025-12-23T21:14:04Z

DessieIqj504:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox football match
| title = 2015 Indian Federation Cup final
| image =
| caption =
| event = [[2014–15 Indian Federation Cup]]
| team1 = [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
| team1association =
| team1score = 1
| team2 = [[Bengaluru FC]]
| team2association =
| team2score = 2
| details =
| date = 11 January 2015
| stadium = [[Fatorda Stadium]]
| city = [[Margao]], [[Goa]]
| man_of_the_match1a =
| man_of_the_match1atitle =
| man_of_the_match1b =
| man_of_the_match1btitle =
| referee = Pratap Singh
| attendance =
| weather = Sunny, Clear sky 34 °C (93 °F) 22% [[Humidity]]
| previous = [[2014 Indian Federation Cup final|2014]]
| next = [[2016 Indian Federation Cup final|2016]]
}}

The '''2015 Indian Federation Cup final''' was a [[association football|football]] match between [[Dempo]] and [[Bengaluru FC]] played on 11 January 2015 at [[Fatorda Stadium]] in [[Margao]], [[Goa]].<ref name="Fed Cup Draw">{{cite web|first=Atanu|last=Mitra|title=Federation Cup draw in full: Mohun Bagan face Bengaluru FC, Dempo SC versus East Bengal|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2014/09/25/5132083/draw-for-the-2014-15-federation-cup-completed-in-delhi|work=Goal.com|accessdate=26 September 2014}}</ref> The match was the culmination of the [[2014–15 Indian Federation Cup]]. This was the 36th edition of the [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]], the national cup tournament of [[football in India]] which is administered by the [[All India Football Federation]] (AIFF). [[Bengaluru FC]] won the final by defeating [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]] 2–1 with goals scored by [[Sunil Chhetri]] and [[Robin Singh (footballer)|Robin Singh]] while the [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]] goal came from a spot kick by [[Tolgay Ozbey]]. This was the first time [[Bengaluru FC]] had won the tournament.

[[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]] qualified for the final by defeating [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]] in the semi-final 2–0 while [[Bengaluru FC]] qualified by defeating [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]] in the semi-finals 3–0.

The final was televised live on [[TEN Action]].

==Road to the final==
{{details|2014–15 Indian Federation Cup}}

The Federation Cup is an annual Indian football competition open to all [[I-League]] teams. Ten of the eleven I-League clubs participated in the tournament the season with Bharat FC being the excluded club.<ref name=Teams>{{cite web|title=Fed Cup: Mohun Bagan clubbed with Bengaluru FC|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Fed-Cup-Mohun-Bagan-clubbed-with-Bengaluru-FC/articleshow/43446294.cms|website=The Times of India|accessdate=18 December 2014}}</ref> The 2014–15 edition was the 36th of the competition.

===Dempo===
{{see also|2014–15 Dempo S.C. season}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em;float:right"
|-
!scope=col width="25" | Round
!scope=col width="150" | Opposition
!scope=col width="50" | Score
|-
!scope=row style="text-align:center"| GS
| [[East Bengal]]
| 1–0
|-
!scope=row style="text-align:center"| GS
| [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
| 4–1
|-
!scope=row style="text-align:center" | GS
| [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]
| 2–0
|-
!scope=row style="text-align:center"| GS
| [[Royal Wahingdoh F.C.|Royal Wahingdoh]]
| 1–1
|-
!scope=row style="text-align:center"|SF
| [[Salgaocar S.C.|Salgaocar]]
| 2–0
|}

Prior to reaching the 2014 final, [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]] had reached the final of the [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]] five times. They began their 2014–15 Federation Cup campaign on 29 December 2014 in the first match of the group stages against fellow [[I-League]] side [[East Bengal]]. The match took place at the [[Fatorda Stadium]] in [[Margao]], [[Goa]] . The venue would turn out to be the only stadium Dempo play in throughout the entire tournament. A [[Romeo Fernandes]] first-half header helped local giants Dempo SC down East Bengal by a solitary goal in the Group A tie. Dempo went on to win 1–0 to open their season on a winning note.

Dempo then played their second match of the group on New Year's Eve against fellow [[I-League]] Goan side [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]].
Tolgay Ozbey scored two from the spot in a well deserved hattrick to set up a convincing 4-1 Dempo win. Ozbey scored two penalties either side of halftime after opening the floodgates in the 11th minute to script a comprehensive win for the Goan heavyweights thus sailing smoothly towards a last-four berth. Beevan D’Mello pulled one back when the score read 3-1 but [[Romeo Fernandes]] added gloss to the score with a late strike. Joyner Laourenco was at fault this time felling the 28-year-old inside the area to give away the second penalty of the match. Tolgay converted with aplomb to bring up his hattrick – the first of the tournament so far – sending Nandy the wrong way to tuck home low into the bottom left corner. Romeo put the icing on the cake at the end of the match latching onto substitute Alwyn George's pass to go solo and power home low into the back of the net.

Dempo then played their third match of the group on 5 January 2014 against [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]. First-half strikes from India International Clifford Miranda and the impressive Romeo Fernandes made sure the Dempo juggernaut kept rolling as Arthur Papas's wards made short work of Mumbai FC who needed to win this match to stay in the hunt, without the services of talisman Tolgay Ozbey who was not even named on the bench. Coming to the match, it took the team to beat of the tourney 13 minutes to surge ahead. Romeo's corner was aimed Holicharan – seamlessly slipping into Tolgay's shoes – who mistimed his shot with the ball falling to an unmarked Clifford who had the easiest of tasks of nodding the ball into the back of the net. It was one way traffic all the way and [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]] soon after doubled their tally.

In the final match of the group stage, Dempo faced off against new I-League entrants [[Royal Wahingdoh F.C.|Royal Wahingdoh]]. Romeo Fernandes scored the winning goal to confirm the semi-final berth for Dempo. He latched on to a loose ball on the edge of the area to sidestep Loveday Okechukwu delicately and make space for himself before firing the ball into the far post with aplomb. The goal made him part of the triumvirate of top-scorers along with Salgaocar's Douhou Pierre and India and Bengaluru FC Captain Sunil Chhetri. Romeo also holds the record of scoring in all of Dempo's four matches, the only player in the tournament to do so.
Earlier, Bekay Bawar gave the Shilong outfit the lead in the 36th minute.

On 9 January 2015, Dempo played in the semi-final of the Federation Cup against Goan rivals [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]]. [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]] made it through to the semi-finals by beating [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]], [[Mohun Bagan]] and [[Pune F.C.|Pune]]. Their only loss was against [[Bengaluru FC]] in their group. The one-time champions stayed true to their reputation with Tolgay Ozbey at the double either side of halftime. The Aussie scored off a deflection in the first half and bettered his tally from the spot after the break. Salgaocar got their best chance in the second half through Douhou Pierre but the former Pune FC man failed to connect. Salgaocar on the hand were forced to make one change to their line up from the last match, Brian Mascarenhas having to fill the big shoes of injured Darryl Duffy. Dempo made it through to the final through a handsome 2–0 win over [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]].

===Bengaluru FC===
{{see also|2014–15 Bengaluru FC season}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em;float:right"
|-
!scope=col width="25" | Round
!scope=col width="150" | Opposition
!scope=col width="50" | Score
|-
!scope=row style="text-align:center"| GS
| [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]]
| 3–2
|-
!scope=row style="text-align:center"| GS
| [[Mohun Bagan]]
| 0–0
|-
!scope=row style="text-align:center" | GS
| [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
| 1–0
|-
!scope=row style="text-align:center" | GS
| [[Pune F.C.|Pune]]
| 2–0
|-
!scope=row style="text-align:center"|SF
| [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
| 3–0
|}

This was the first time [[Bengaluru FC]] made it to the final of the [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]] since its establishment in 2013. The [[Tilak Maidan]] in [[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco]] served as the venue for all group stage matches for [[Bengaluru FC]].
[[Bengaluru FC]] began their 2014–15 Federation Cup campaign on 28 December 2014 against [[I-League]] side [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]] at the [[Tilak Maidan]] which was also the opening match of the competition. [[Sunil Chhetri]] scored two and set up the other as Bengaluru FC braved a stiff challenge from Salgaocar FC to script a 3–2 win in the opener. Chhetri got the first goal of the tournament after Rooney's shot from inside the box hit Pawan Kumar's hand. The referee pointed towards the spot and the Captain was at hand to place the ball just perfectly into the bottom right corner with India colleague Subrata Paul guessing right but to no avail. But the I-League champions' joy was short-lived as the local outfit pegged back after just seven minutes. Gurjinder sent in a dipping free kick from almost 35 yards which bounced awkwardly for keeper Lalthuammanwia Ralte and bundled in. With four minutes to go on the clock [[Bengaluru FC]] added their third. Chhetri turned provider this time, setting up Rooney on the left with the Australian placing it to the keeper's left.

[[Bengaluru FC]] played [[Mohun Bagan]] on 30 December. Both sides found themselves on the wrong side of luck as the woodwork came in between once apiece for either team in the second half. The match ended in a goal less draw. The best BFC could muster was a half opportunity where Darren failed to meet a Beikhkhei- Beingaichho cross in front of goal.

[[Bengaluru FC]] then played their third match on 2 January 2015 against [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]. [[Robin Singh (footballer)|Robin Singh]] scored five minutes after coming on at halftime, receiving a pass from captain [[Sunil Chhetri]] in the centre of the pitch and making space for himself to slot home albeit with the help of a slight defection off the inside back post. Coach Ashley Westwood was back on the touchline after serving a four-match ban from last season – tinkered with his starting XI making four changes from the last game against Mohun Bagan which ended goalless. BFC went on to win the match 1–0. The win helped BFC inch closer to the semifinal berth.

[[Bengaluru FC]] played their last group stage match against [[Pune F.C.|Pune]]. Sunil Chhetri found the back of the net twice in the 43rd and 47th minute to give BFC a 2–0 lead at half time. Pune Coach Karim Bencherifa ringed in the changes after the break to reverse their fortunes. Mathew Golsalves was taken off for the more adventurous Munmum Lugun at right-back at halftime while Anthony D’Souza – already among goals –replaced Ryuji Sueoka at the hour mark. Haokip scored the only goal for Pune getting just enough on a high ball which the keeper failed to collect neatly after a Nikhil Kadam drive ballooned up and high. With this win [[Bengaluru FC]] became the first team to enter semifinal of the competition.<ref name="AIFF">{{cite web|title=Chhetri, Rooney, Eugene on target as BFC coast to win|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=6146|work=AIFF|accessdate=9 January 2015}}</ref>

On 9 January 2014, [[Bengaluru FC]] played their semi-final match against Goan club [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]. [[Sean Rooney (soccer)|Sean Rooney]] gave [[Bengaluru FC]] the lead in the 28th minute with India Captain [[Sunil Chhetri]] joining him on the scoresheet ten minutes later with another wonderful strike from a narrow angle. Late into the second half, [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]] added gloss to the scoreline with a cool finish. Sporting on their part tried hard after the break but could find the woodwork late in the second half through Anthony Wolfe. Rino Anto also cleared off his line in the first half off a Wolfe header. Beikhokhei Beingaichho – coming in place of Robin Singh – sent in a teasing cross for [[Sunil Chhetri]] but Ravi Kumar was up to the task. At the other end [[Rino Anto]] made a goalline clearance off Wolfe's header from a Cajetan Fernandes corner. That was that for the Flaming Oranje before their rivals surged ahead riding a flurry of attacks.
[[Sunil Chhetri]] picked out Keegan with a delightful ball on the left. The left-back on the overlap slid in for Rooney inside the box with the Aussie striker having the easiest task of tapping the ball into an empty net. Wolfe's freekick was first well saved by Lalthuammawia Ralte and sometime later the Trinidad & Tobago striker hit the woodwork from 30 yards. The next minute, BFC made sure of the points. Eugeneson collected substitute Robin Singh's pass from the left to place the ball calmly into the back post. The match went out of had for Sporting and [[Bengaluru FC]] stormed into the final with a thrashing 3–0 win.<ref name="AIFF"/>

==Match==

===Details===
{{Football box
|date = 11 January 2015
|time = 16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
|score = 1–2
|report = [https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=6151 Report]
|team2 = [[Bengaluru FC]]
|goals1 =
[[Tolgay Özbey|Özbey]] {{goal|45+3|pen.}}
|goals2 =
[[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|10|pen.}} [[Robin Singh (footballer)|Singh]] {{goal|65}}
|stadium = [[Fatorda Stadium]], [[Goa]]
|attendance =
|referee= Pratap Singh
}}
{| width=92% |
|-
|{{Football kit
| pattern_la=
|pattern_b=
|pattern_ra=
|leftarm=0000FF
|body=0000FF
|rightarm=0000FF
|shorts=000000
|socks=0000FF
|alt =
|title = [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
}}
|{{Football kit
| pattern_la = _bluelowerthin
| pattern_b =_thinbluesides
| pattern_ra = _bluelowerthin
| pattern_sh =
| pattern_so =
| leftarm =FF0000
| body =
| rightarm =FF0000
| shorts = FF0000
| socks = FF0000
|alt=
|title= [[Bengaluru FC]]
}}
|}

{| width="100%"
|valign="top" width="40%"|
{| style="font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
|-
!width=25| !!width=25|
|-
|GK ||'''38''' || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Laxmikant Kattimani]]
|-
|DF ||'''4''' || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rowilson Rodrigues]] || {{sent off|0|68}}
|-
|DF ||'''20'''|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Fulganco Cardozo]]
|-
|DF ||'''18'''|| {{flagicon|AFG|2013}} [[Zohib Islam Amiri]]
|-
|MF ||'''6'''|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Peter Carvalho]]
|-
|MF ||'''17'''|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mandar Rao Desai]] || {{yel|36}} || {{suboff|69}}
|-
|MF ||'''30'''|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Francis Fernandes]]
|-
|MF ||'''15''' || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Clifford Miranda]]
|-
|MF ||'''19''' || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Romeo Fernandes]]
|-
|MF ||'''21''' || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jewel Raja]]
|-
|FW ||'''9'''|| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Tolgay Özbey]] || || {{suboff|51}}
|-
|colspan=3|'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|GK ||'''1'''|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Bruno Colaço]]
|-
|DF ||'''3'''|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shallum Pires]]
|-
|DF ||'''16'''|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Samir Subash Naik]]
|-
|DF ||'''42'''|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Narayan Das (footballer)|Narayan Das]]
|-
|MF ||'''7'''|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Alwyn George]] || {{yel|77}} || {{subon|69}}
|-
|MF ||'''14'''|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gabriel Fernandes]]
|-
|MF ||'''22''' || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vinit Rai]]
|-
|FW ||'''11''' || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Holicharan Narzary]] || || {{subon|51}}
|-
|colspan=3|'''Manager:'''
|-
|colspan=4| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Arthur Papas]]
|}
|valign="top"|
|valign="top" width="50%"|
{| style="font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"
|-
!width=25| !!width=25|
|-
|GK ||'''28''' || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalthuammawia Ralte]]
|-
|DF ||'''20'''|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Keegan Pereira (footballer)|Keegan Pereira]]
|-
|DF ||'''6''' || {{flagicon|ENG}} [[John Johnson (footballer)|John Johnson]] || {{yel|45+2}}
|-
|DF ||'''4'''|| {{flagicon|KEN}} [[Curtis Osano]]
|-
|DF ||'''13''' || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rino Anto]]
|-
|MF ||'''14''' || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]]
|-
|MF ||'''10'''|| {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Josh Walker (footballer, born 1989)|Josh Walker]] || || {{suboff|24}}
|-
|MF ||'''12'''|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Thoi Singh Khangebam|Thoi Singh]]
|-
|MF ||'''18'''|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Beikhokhei Beingaichho]] || || {{suboff|81}}
|-
|FW ||'''11'''|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sunil Chhetri]]
|-
|FW ||'''7''' || {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Sean Rooney (soccer)|Sean Rooney]]
|-
|colspan=3|'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|GK ||'''1'''|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pawan Kumar (footballer, born 1990)|Pawan Kumar]]
|-
|DF ||'''2'''|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nanjangud Shivananju Manju]]
|-
|DF ||'''23'''|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalchhuan Mawia]] || {{yel|82}} || {{subon|81}}
|-
|MF ||'''16'''|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shankar Sampingiraj]]
|-
|MF ||'''31''' || {{flagicon|IND}} [[C.K. Vineeth]]
|-
|MF ||'''15'''|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Darren Caldeira]]
|-
|MF ||'''19'''|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Siam Hanghal]]
|-
|MF ||'''9'''|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Robin Singh (footballer)|Robin Singh]] || {{yel|71}} || {{subon|24}}
|-
|MF ||'''21'''|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Udanta Singh]]
|-
|colspan=3|'''Manager:'''
|-
|colspan=4| {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Ashley Westwood (footballer, born 1976)|Ashley Westwood]]
|}
|}
{| width=100% style="font-size: 90%"
|-
|
'''Hero of the match:'''
 {{flagicon|KEN}} [[Curtis Osano]] (Bengaluru FC)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=6151|title=Bengaluru FC are Hero Fed Cup champions|date=11 January 2015}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Federation Cup (India)}}
{{2014–15 in Indian football}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2015 Indian Federation Cup Final}}
[[Category:2014–15 Indian Federation Cup|1]]
[[Category:Indian Federation Cup finals]]
[[Category:Dempo SC matches]]
[[Category:Bengaluru FC matches]]

Saurabh Singh (Chhattisgarh politician)

2025-12-20T19:30:26Z

DessieIqj504: rework details also and cleaned formatting for clarity

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Saurabh Singh
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date ={{Birth date and age|df=y|1974|7|25}}
| birth_place = [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]], Madhya Pradesh, [[India]] (now in [[Chhattisgarh]], [[India]])
| residence = [[Akaltara]], [[Janjgir-Champa]], Madhya Pradesh, [[India]] (now in [[Chhattisgarh]], [[India]])
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|Member]] of [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]] for [[Akaltara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Akaltara]]
| constituency =
| term_start = 11 December 2018
| term_end = 3 December 2023
| predecessor = Chunnilal Sahu, INC
| successor = Raghavendra Singh, INC
| term_start1 = 8 December 2008
| term_end1 = 8 December 2013
| predecessor1 = Chatram Dewangan, BJP
| successor1 = Chunnilal Sahu, INC
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] {{small|(November 2014–present)}}
| otherparty = [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] {{small|(2008-2013)}} 
Indian National Congress (2013-2014)
| spouse = Aarti Singh
| children = 2
| website =
| footnotes =
| source =
|office3=
| predecessor3 =
|successor3=
|country=[[India]]
|nationality=Indian
|profession=Politician
|alma_mater=}}
'''Saurabh Singh''' (born 25 July 1974) is an Indian politician and former [[member of Legislative Assembly]] of [[Akaltara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Akaltara]]. He is a member of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].

==Political career==
Singh first contested the 2008 assembly election from [[Akaltara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Akaltara]] on [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]'s ticket and won. In July 2013, Saurabh left [[Bahujan Samaj Party]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/saurabh-singh-quits-bsp-to-join-congress-ahead-of-assembly-polls-626568.html|title = Saurabh Singh quits BSP to join Congress ahead of Assembly polls|date = 26 July 2013}}</ref> He joined [[Indian National Congress]] in 2013 and left in 2014. He joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in 2014 and contested the 2018 assembly election on BJP ticket and was again elected as MLA by defeating Richa Jogi (daughter in law of former CM [[Ajit Jogi]]).<ref>{{Cite web| title=छत्तीसगढ विधानसभा निर्वाचन 2018 के परिणाम एवं बढत विधान सभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र 33 अकलतरा | language=hi | trans-title=Chhattisgarh Assembly Election 2018 Results and Lead Assembly Constituency 33 Akaltara | url=https://ceochhattisgarh.nic.in/sites/default/files/AC2018-33.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720045034/https://ceochhattisgarh.nic.in/sites/default/files/AC2018-33.pdf | archive-date=2021-07-20}}</ref>

==References==
<references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Saurabh}}
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Chhattisgarh MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Chhattisgarh MLAs 2018–2023]]

{{Chhattisgarh-BJP-politician-stub}}

Mahé, India

2025-12-13T01:14:52Z

DessieIqj504: Revised and enhanced article content

{{Short description|Town in Puducherry, India}}
{{For|other uses of Mahé|Mahé (disambiguation){{!}}Mahé}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mahé
| other_name = Mayyazhi
| settlement_type = Municipality in puducherry
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = An image of Mahe Walkway
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Mahe surrounded by Kerala
| coordinates = {{Coord|11|42|4|N|75|32|12|E|type:city_region:IN-PY|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = Region
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mahé district|Mahé]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipality]]
| governing_body = [[Mahé Municipality]] ''(Mairie de Mahé)''
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 10
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 41,816 (approx)
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = 4,646
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam]]
| demographics1_title2 = Additional
| demographics1_info2 = [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 673 310
| area_code = 91 (0) 490
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = PY-03
| unemployment_rate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 1,000 [[male|♂]]/1,184[[female|♀]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Tropical monsoon climate]] {{small|([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])}}
| website = {{URL|mahe.gov.in}}
| blank2_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank2_info_sec1 = 97.87%
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = 1
}}

'''Mahé''' ({{IPA|en|mɑːˈheɪ, ˈmɑːhiː|lang}}, {{ipa|fr|mɑˈe|lang}}), also known as '''Mayyazhi''' ({{IPA|ml|mɐjːɐɻi|lang|}}), is a municipality and small town in the [[Mahe district]] of the [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry Union Territory]]. It is situated at the mouth of the [[Mahe River]] and is surrounded by the State of [[Kerala]]. [[Kannur district|The district of Kannur]] surrounds Mahe on three sides and [[Kozhikode district]] on one side.

Formerly part of [[French India]], Mahe now forms a municipality in [[Mahe district]], one of the four districts of the [[Union territory|Union Territory]] of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]. Mahe has one [[Member of the Legislative Assembly|representative]] in the [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]].

==Etymology==
The name ''Mahe'' derives from ''Mayyazhi'', the name given to the local river and region in the [[Malayalam]] language.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Mahe {{!}} India |url=https://mahe.gov.in/history/ |access-date=2024-02-16 |language=en-US}}</ref> The original spelling found on French documents{{which|date=February 2021}} from the early 1720s is ''Mayé'', with ''Mahe'' and ''Mahie'' also found on documents, maps and geographical dictionaries until the early 19th century when the spelling ''Mahe'' became the norm. Therefore, the belief that the name of the town was given in honour of [[Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais|Bertrand Francois Mahe de La Bourdonnais]] (1699–1753), whose later fame derived in good part from his association with India, including his capture of Maye in 1741, is incorrect.<ref>H. Castonnet des Fosses, "L’Inde avant Dupleix", ''Revue de l’Anjou'', Angers, July–August 1886, p. 91, note 1.</ref>

Another claim that the spelling ''Mahe'' was officially adopted by the leader of the expedition that retook the city in 1726 in recognition of La Bourdonnais' role at the time is also unlikely.<ref>The detailed accounts of the expedition barely mention young La Bourdonnais' role.</ref> It is probable that the resemblance of Maye not to mention Mahe, with La Bourdonnais' family name prompted later generations to assume that the famous Frenchman was somehow directly or indirectly associated with the name to the town or the spelling of the name.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}

==History==
{{See also|French India}}
Before the arrival of European trading companies to the [[Indian subcontinent]], this area was part of [[Kolathunadu|Kolathu Nadu]] which comprised [[Tulu Nadu]], [[Chirakkal, Kannur|Chirakkal]] and [[Kadathanadu]]. The [[French Indies Company|French East India Company]] constructed a fort on the site of Mahe in 1724, in accordance with an accord concluded between André Mollandin and Raja Vazhunnavar of [[Vatakara]] three years earlier. In 1741, Mahe de La Bourdonnais retook the town after a short period of occupation by the [[Marathi people|Marathas]].

In 1761, the British captured Mahe and the settlement was handed over to the Rajah of Kadathanadu. The British restored Mahe to the French as a part of the 1763 Treaty of Paris. In 1779, the Anglo-French war broke out, resulting in the French loss of Mahe. In 1783, the British agreed to restore to the French their settlements in India, and Mahe was handed over to the French in 1785.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mahe.gov.in/mws/leftmenupages/history.html|title=History of Mahe|access-date=28 April 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230232052/http://mahe.gov.in/mws/leftmenupages/history.html|archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref>

[[File:Plan de Mahe avec les attaques de Bayanor souverain du lieu.jpg|thumb|300px|Mahe in 1726. Map made after taking possession of the place and the war against the Indian king of the region supported by the British.]]
[[File:Mahe FrIndia Map 1900.jpg|thumb|Map 1900.]]

On the outbreak of the [[French Revolutionary Wars]] in 1793, a British force under [[James Hartley (Indian Army officer)|James Hartley]] captured Mahe. In 1816, the British restored Mahe to the French as a part of the 1814 Treaty of Paris, after the conclusion of the [[Napoleonic Wars]]. Mayyazhi remained under French jurisdiction as a small French colony, an enclave within [[British Raj|British India]], during the long span that began in 1816. After the [[Indian Independence Act 1947|independence of India]] the area continued to be French-ruled until 13 June 1954, when a long anti-colonial struggle culminated in its joining the Indian Union.

After the French left, Mahe became a district of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] Union Territory. The area of Mahe begins from Mayyazhi Puzha in the north to Azhiyoor at the south. Mahe consists of Mahe town and Naluthara, which includes four villages: Pandakkal, Pallur, Chalakara and Chembra. The ruler of [[Kingdom of Mysore]] from the 1760s, [[Hyder Ali]] (ca 1722–1782), gifted Naluthara to the French as a token of appreciation for the assistance they provided in the war.

===Liberation of Mahe===
Gandhians like [[I. K. Kumaran]] led the struggle for union with India in Mahe after Indian independence in 1947. The municipal office of the French administration was attacked on 21 October 1948 at 9:00 PM. The French national flag was removed and the Indian national flag was hoisted on the municipal building (''Mairie'' in French). On 26 October, a French navy ship anchored in Mahe and the French regained control of Mahe. The ship left Mahe on 31 October. Communists tried to capture Cherukallayi enclave in April 1954. Two Indians were killed during the struggle. The Indian flag was hoisted in the Naluthura enclave on 1 May. The freedom fighters conducted an embargo on Mahe from June that year. On 14 July 1954, the Mahajanasabha organized a march into Mahe, which was liberated on 16 July 1954.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.calicutnet.com/yourtown/mahe/history.htm |title = History. Mahe (Mayyazhi). Your Town - CalicutNet.com.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr98/fe0898/f1808986.html |title = Untitled Page}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahotsav |first=Amrit |title=I.K. Kumaran |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?13292 |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, Ministry of Culture, Government of India |language=English}}</ref>
[[File:Pondicherry pro-merger activism 1954.jpg|thumb|left|Freedom fighters in Mahe, 1954]]

==Demographics==
As of the 2011 India census,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Mahe had a population of 41,816, predominantly [[Malayalis]]. Males constitute 46.5% of the population with Females constituting the remaining 54.5%. Mahe has an average literacy rate of 97.87%; male and female literacy were 98.63% and 97.25%, respectively. Both the Sex ratio (1184 females per 1000 male) and the literacy rates in Mahe are relatively higher compared to the rest of the nation. The national Sex ratio is 940 females per male and the literacy rate is at 74.04 per cent.

In Mahe, 10.89% of the population consists of children under six years of age. In the 2011 census, the overall child sex ratio was 978 girls per 1000 boys compared to the previous figure of 910 girls per 1000 boys in the 2001 census data. In 2011, children under 6 formed 10.89 percent of Mahe District compared to 11.34 percent in 2001. There was an overall net decrease of 0.45 percent between 2001 and 2011.

The share of [[Hindus]] in the population is 66.8% (27,940) and [[Muslims]] are 30.7% (12,856) as per the [[2011 census of India]]. Christians account for 2.29% (958) of the population.

===Locationwise distribution===
* Mahe 10630
* Chalakara 6855
* Pandakal 8944
* Palloor 14250
* Cherukallayi 1255

==Culture==
The culture and geography of this area are like almost all of those in the Malabar Coast of [[Kerala]]. There are only very few [[French language]] speakers in the town (fewer than 100). Only a few influences of French remain in the area. These are mostly reflected in architecture and a few old buildings. {{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}

The major festivals of this region are [[Vishu]], [[Onam]] and Eid. The major language is [[Malayalam]]. The population also includes [[Arabic]] speakers. The major religion is [[Hinduism]], practised by 66.8% of the populace.

The few places that upheld the rich French culture once prevalent in the area are:<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sathyendran|first=Nita|date=2019-05-08|title=The French connection in Mahe|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/mahes-colonial-legacy-has-given-it-a-distinctive-character-and-place-in-history/article27065899.ece|access-date=2021-04-16|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

* [[St. Teresa's Shrine, Mahé|St. Teresa's Shrine, Mahe]] (built in 1736)
* Statue of Marianne commemorating the [[French Revolution]] (situated in Tagore Park)
* The Government House
* The River Walk
* [[Mahe Lighthouse]]
* The St. George Fort in [[Cherukallayi]]

==Climate==
Mahe has a [[tropical monsoon climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Am''), typical for the Kerala and Karnataka coast. There is a dry season from December to March, but the location on the windward side of the Western Ghats means that during the westerly monsoon season the region receives exceedingly heavy rainfall, reaching up to {{convert|1080|mm|in|0|disp=or}} in July.
{{Weather box
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|location= Mahe, Puducherry, India
|temperature colour=pastel
|Jan high C = 31.6
|Feb high C = 32.0
|Mar high C = 33.0
|Apr high C = 33.2
|May high C = 32.7
|Jun high C = 29.6
|Jul high C = 28.3
|Aug high C = 28.7
|Sep high C = 29.5
|Oct high C = 30.4
|Nov high C = 31.0
|Dec high C = 31.4
|year high C = 31.0
|Jan low C = 21.8
|Feb low C = 22.9
|Mar low C = 24.6
|Apr low C = 25.8
|May low C = 25.7
|Jun low C = 23.9
|Jul low C = 23.4
|Aug low C = 23.6
|Sep low C = 23.7
|Oct low C = 23.8
|Nov low C = 23.3
|Dec low C = 22.0
|year low C = 23.7
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 3
|Feb rain mm = 4
|Mar rain mm = 13
|Apr rain mm = 76
|May rain mm = 295
|Jun rain mm = 905
|Jul rain mm = 1083
|Aug rain mm = 539
|Sep rain mm = 274
|Oct rain mm = 237
|Nov rain mm = 106
|Dec rain mm = 22
|source 1 = Climate-Data.org<ref name="Climate-Data.org">
"CLIMATE: MAHE",
Climate-Data.org. Web: [http://en.climate-data.org/location/29584/].</ref>
}}

==Transport==
Mahe’s nearest airport is the recently commenced [[Kannur International Airport]], [[Mattanur]], at a distance of {{convert|40|km|abbr=off}}. The next nearest airport is the [[Kozhikode International Airport]], [[Karipur]], at a distance of {{convert|85|km|abbr=off}}.

The nearest Railway Station is [[Mahe railway station]], where a few local and express trains stop. The nearest major railway stations, where several long-distance trains stop, are [[Thalassery]], [[Kannur]], [[Mangalore]] and [[Vatakara]].

There are a few [[Puducherry Road Transport Corporation]] buses that operate in Mahe. Otherwise, the bulk of [[public transport]], including private buses based in [[Malabar District|Malabar]] and [[auto rickshaw|auto rickshaws]], is managed by the [[Kerala State Road Transport Corporation]].

==Administration==
[[Mahe municipality]] is the seat of the local administration of Mahe. The Mahe municipal area comprises {{convert|9|km2|sqmi|abbr=off}} with one Assembly Constituency, i.e. Mahe. The municipal council was established in 1978. The Regional Administrator or Regional Executive Officer is used to exercise the power of the chairman and [[Chair (officer)|Vice-Chairman]] in the capacity of Special Officer of Mahe Municipal Council. Civic elections were held during 2006 after nearly 30 years. Based on the elections, the chairman and 15 councillors of Mahe Municipality were sworn in.

===Divisions===
'''Mahe Pocket'''
#Mahe Town (Parakkal, Choodikotta, Manjakkal, Valavil, Mundock)
''' Cherukallayi Pocket'''
#[[Cherukallayi]]
'''[[Naluthara]] Pocket'''
#[[Chalakkara]] (Chalakkara South and a part of Chalakkara North)
#[[Chembra]] (A part of Chalakkara North)
#[[Palloor]]
#[[Edayilpeedika]] (a narrow strip of land between Palloor and Pandakkkal, often considered as a part of Pandakkal)
#[[Pandakkal]]

===Wards===
Mahe Municipality consists of 15 wards.

''Mahe Pocket''
# [[Mundock]]
# [[Manjakkal]]
# [[Choodikotta]]
# [[Parakkal]]
# [[Valavil]]

''Cherukallayi Pocket''
# Cherukallayi

''Naluthara Pocket''
# Pandakkal North
# Pandakkal Central
# Pandakkal South (including Edayilpeedika)
# Palloor North-East
# Palloor North-West
# Palloor South-West
# Palloor South-East
# Chalakkara North (including Chembra)
# Chalakkara South

==Education==
[[Mahatma Gandhi Government Arts College]], Mahe, was established in 1970 by [[I. K. Kumaran]]. The Mahe Co-operative College of Teacher Education was established in 2005 and is part of the Mahe Co-operative Centre for Information Technology Ltd.<ref>[http://pondicherry-today.com/system/html/eng/Mahe%20Co-operative%20College.html Mahe Co-operative College of Teacher Education (MCCTE).]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Pondicherry Today. Retrieved 9 August 2012.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.maheco-operativecollege.com/index.html |title=Mahe Co-operative College of Teacher Education (MCCTE). Retrieved 9 August 2012. |access-date=9 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001192404/http://www.maheco-operativecollege.com/index.html |archive-date=1 October 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Other institutions include Mahe Co-operative College of Higher Education & Technology, Mahe Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Rajiv Gandhi Government Ayurveda College, [[Indira Gandhi Polytechnic College, Mahe]] and Rajiv Gandhi Govt Industrial Training Institute, Mahe.

The Pondicherry University Community College has a regional centre in Mahe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Community College (Mahe) – Pondicherry University|url=https://www.pondiuni.edu.in/department/community-college-mahe-centre/|access-date=2021-06-13|language=en-US}}</ref>

There is a [[Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Mahe|Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya (JNV Mahe)]] at Pandakkal.
There are four higher secondary schools, three high schools, two middle schools and eight lower primary schools functioning in Mahe. The higher secondary schools are affiliated with the Board of Higher Secondary Education in Kerala and the high schools are affiliated with the state’s Board of Secondary Education. Out of the three high schools, one is a French Medium, the examinations of which are conducted by the Deputy Director of French Education, Govt. of Puducherry.

==Notable people==
* [[M. Mukundan]], [[Malayalam]] novelist and fiction writer.
* [[M. Night Shyamalan]], Indian American film director and screenwriter.
* [[I. K. Kumaran]], leader of the French Indian Liberation Movement and the first administrator of free Mahe.
* [[V. N. Purushothaman]], the last mayor and the first chairman of the Mahe municipality.

==In popular culture==
*[[M. Mukundan]]'s novel [[Mayyazhippuzhayude Theerangalil]] (transl. ''On the Banks of the River Mayyazhi'') describes the political and social background of Mahe.
*The 1992 Malayalam feature film [[Daivathinte Vikrithikal]], directed by [[Lenin Rajendran]], based on the novel of the same name by M. Mukundan, is set in the ex-French colony of Mayyazhi (Mahe).

==See also==
{{cmn|
* [[Mahe (Union Territory Assembly constituency)]]
* [[Chandannagar]]
* [[French India]]
* [[French Indies Company|French East India Company]]
* [[French people in India]]
* [[Indira Gandhi Polytechnic College, Mahe|Indira Gandhi Polytechnic College]]
* [[Mahatma Gandhi Government Arts College|Mahatma Gandhi Government Arts College, Mahe]]
* [[Municipal Administration in French India]]
* [[Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais]]
* [[Malabar (Northern Kerala)]]
* [[St. Teresa's Shrine, Mahé|St. Teresa's Shrine]]
* [[Treaty establishing De Jure Cession of French Establishments in India]]
* [[Yanam]]
}}

==Image gallery==
<gallery>
File:Mahe, kerala.jpg|Morning in Mahe
File:MAHE LIGHT HOUSE.jpg|Mahe Light House
File:Mahé Town Hall.jpg|Mahe Town Hall
File:Mahé India 1867.jpg|Mahe in 1867
File:Church at Mahé, French India period.jpg|Mahe Church, 1940
File:Kallappally Mosque, new Mahe.jpg|Kallappally Mosque
File:KEEZHUR MONUMENT PUDUCHERRY - AN HISTORICAL PLACE.JPG|Keezhur Monument
File:Bharathan statue-01.jpg|Statue of freedom fighter Kumaran
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Mahé, India}}
{{Wikivoyage|Mahe (India)}}
* Mahe District Website - https://mahe.gov.in
* Mahatma Gandhi Government Arts College, Mahe - [https://mggacmahe.ac.in Official website]
*
*
*
*
*
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Mahé|short=x}}

{{North Malabar}}
{{Places of interest in North Malabar}}
{{Former French colonies}}
{{Pondicherry}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahe, India}}
[[Category:Geography of Kannur district]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Mahe district]]
[[Category:Geography of Puducherry]]

Toramana of Kashmir

2025-11-21T08:01:15Z

DessieIqj504: done

{{short description|Huna King}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox royalty
| title = Ruler of Kashmir
| reign = 6-7th century CE
|image=Alchon Huns Toramana II Circa AD 540-570.jpg
|caption=Coin of Toramana of Kashmir.
{{Location map+
|South Asia
|float = center
|width = 240
|caption = Approximate location of Toramana II's territory
|nodiv = 1
|mini = 1
|relief=yes
|places =
{{location map~ |South Asia |lat=34|N |long=75|E |label=|position=left |label_size=40|mark=Brown circle 50%.svg|marksize=20}}
}}
| predecessor =
| successor =
}}
{{Alchon Huns}}
'''Toramana of Kashmir''' ([[Gupta script]]: [[File:Gupta_allahabad_shrii.jpg|14px]][[File:Gupta allahabad to.jpg|14px]][[File:Gupta_allahabad_r.svg|14px]][[File:Gupta allahabad maa2.jpg|14px]][[File:Gupta allahabad nn.svg|14px]] ''[[Sri|Śrī]] Toramāṇa'', "Lord Toramana"), was a ruler of Kashmir in the 6-7th century CE. This ruler has often been called "Toramana II" in numismatic studies, but this name now tends to be used for an earlier [[Alchon Hun]] ruler of [[Kabulistan]]: [[Toramana II]].{{sfn|Cribb|2017|p=87}}{{sfn|Alram|2014|p=278}}

==Descendants of the Alchon Huns==
The copper coinage of Toramana of Kashmir is found extensively in the region of [[Kashmir]], together with the similarly styled coinage of other rulers such as [[Sri Pravarasena]], Sri Megavah, and Sri Tuisyna.{{sfn|Cribb|2017|pp=86-110}} These coins are generally dated to the 6th-7th century CE, with the coins of Toramana coming last in the chronology and being copied for several centuries thereafter.{{sfn|Cribb|2017|pp=86-110}}{{sfn|Chandra Ray|1969|p=45|loc= "A large number of copper coins with the legend Toramana are found in the valley. Though these coins were current up to the end of the Hindu rule, their first circulation might date as far back as the middle of the sixth century"}} Other rulers by the name of Toramana are known, such as the famous Alchon Hun rulers [[Toramana]] and [[Toramana II]].{{sfn|Alram|2014|p=278}}

Given the time period and the geographical location of these Kashmiri rulers, and the fact that their names are identical or similar to the names of the 5-6th century Hunnish [[Alchon Hun]] rulers of northwestern India, it is "very likely" that they were themselves descendants of the Alchon Huns in the Kashmir area.{{sfn|Cribb|2017|p=99|loc="It seems very likely therefore that the rulers of Kashmir at this period were descendents of the Hun kings who ruled large parts of northwestern India from the mid-4th to the 6th century"}} The Alchon Huns are known to have resettled in the area of [[Gandhara]] and [[Kashmir]] following their defeats in northwestern India.<ref name="HCCC169">{{cite book |last1=Dani |first1=Ahmad Hasan |last2=Litvinsky |first2=B. A. |title=History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750 |date=1996 |publisher=UNESCO |isbn=9789231032110 |page=169 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=883OZBe2sMYC&pg=PA169 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="TH58">{{cite book |last1=Kim |first1=Hyun Jin |title=The Huns |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781317340911 |page=58 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bnv4CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA58 |language=en}}</ref>

===Coinage===
The known coinage of Toramana of Kashmir is in copper only. These coins follow the coins types of the later [[Kushans]] and [[Kidarites]], with king standing on the [[Obverse and reverse|obverse]] and a goddess holding a lotus on the reverse. The name Toramama appears on the obverse legend in 5-6th century [[Brahmi script]]. The reverse has the legend "Ki-dd-ra" written vertically, which might refer to the former occupation of Kashmir by the [[Kidarites]]. The word Kidara would remain on Kashmir coinage as late as the [[Karkota dynasty]].{{sfn|Chandra Ray|1969|p=234}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cunningham |first1=Alexander |title=Coins Of Mediaeval India From The Seventh Century |date=1894 |page=42 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.127720/page/n45/mode/1up}}</ref>
[[File:Coins of Toramana from Kashmir.jpg|thumb|center|upright=2|Coins of Toramana of Kashmir, [[Shanghai Museum]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Toramana coin (Kashmir) British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_1892-0202-5 |website=The British Museum |language=en}}</ref>{{sfn|Cribb|2017|pp=86-110}}]]

==Appearance in the ''Rajatarangini''==
Several rulers with Alchon names appear in [[Kalhana]]'s ''[[Rajatarangini]]'' (composed in the 12th century CE).<ref name="RK318">{{cite book |last1=Kumar |first1=Raj |title=History Of The Chamar Dynasty : (From 6th Century A.D. To 12th Century A.D.) |date=2008 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7835-635-8 |pages=318–319 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eEJ-sXBmBIkC&pg=PA318 |language=en|quote="But the name of Toramana is found on a species of Kashmir copper coins of which remarkably large quantities have been preserved to this day . The connection of this coinage with Kalhana's notice cannot be doubted."}}</ref>

Although the chronology of the ''Rajatarangini'' is largely deficient, several of the names of these rulers, especially those belonging to the so-called [[Gonanda dynasty (II)]], have been confirmed by these coin finds in Kashmir and dated to the 6-7th century CE.{{sfn|Cribb|2017|p=99|loc="It seems very likely therefore that the rulers of Kashmir at this period were descendents of the Hun kings who ruled large parts of northwestern India from the mid-4th to the 6th century"}} According to Raj Kumar, "the connection of this coinage with Kalhana's notice cannot be doubted."<ref name="RK318"/>

According to the ''Rajatarangini'', Toramana of Kashmir was son of Shreshtasena ([[Pravarasena I]]) and grandson of Megavahana, and was sub-king to his brother Hiranya. According to the account, Hiranya imprisoned Toramana when the latter stuck royal coins in his own name. The discovery of the coinage of Toramana of Kashmir lends some credence to this story.{{sfn|Chandra Ray|1969|p=45|loc="The striking of copper coins by Toramana, brother of Hiranya may also have some truth behind. A large number of copper coins with the legend Toramana are found in the valley. Though these coins were current up to the end of the Hindu rule, their first circulation might date as far back as the middle of the sixth century It is not unlikely that they were struck by Hiranya's brother."}} According to the ''Rajatarangini'', the son of Toramana was Pravarasena II, and again [[:File:Post-Kushan_Gandhara_Kidara_Shahis_Sri_Pravarasena_Circa_6th-early_7th_century_CE.jpg|coinage in his name]] has been found.{{sfn|Chandra Ray|1969|p=45|loc="Pravarasena II, son of Toramana, is undoubtedly a historical figure. The city of Pravarapura owes its name to him. To him can also be attributed some gold and silver coins which bear unmistakable influence of the Kidara Kusana coins.}}{{sfn|Cribb|2017|pp=86-110}}

According to the ''Rajatarangini'', this line of rulers was dethroned by Pratapaditya, son of the founder of the Kashmiri [[Karkoṭa Empire]], [[Durlabhavardhana]].<ref name="HC170">{{cite book |last1=Dani |first1=Ahmad Hasan |last2=Litvinsky |first2=B. A. |title=History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750 |date=1996 |publisher=UNESCO |isbn=9789231032110 |page=170 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=883OZBe2sMYC&pg=PA170 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=PAL|first1=PRATAPADITYA|date=1973|title=Bronzes of Kashmir: Their Sources and Influences|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41371150|journal=Journal of the Royal Society of Arts|volume=121|issue=5207|page=727|issn=0035-9114|jstor=41371150|quote="Before the Karkotas came to the throne, Kashmir may have been occupied by a long succession of foreign rulers or tribes. Certainly both the Kushänas and the Huns were present in the area for centuries. Indeed, the history of Kashmir begins to take shape only with the foundation of the Karkota dynasty around AD 625. The immediate predecessors of the Karkotas appear to have been Huns..."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Kim|first=Hyun Jin|title=The Huns|date=2015-11-19|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-34090-4|pages=58|language=en|chapter=THE HUNS OF CENTRAL ASIA AND SOUTH ASIA: THE KIDARITE AND HEPHTHALITE WHITE HUNS|doi=10.4324/9781315661704|chapter-url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/mono/10.4324/9781315661704-11/huns-central-asia-south-asia-kidarite-hephthalite-white-huns-hyun-jin-kim}}</ref>

==Later imitations of the coinage of Toramana of Kashmir==
The coins of Toramana of Kashmir remained in use and were copied for several centuries thereafter, until the end of Hindu rule in Kashmir ([[Lohara dynasty]], 1003-1320 CE).{{sfn|Cribb|2017|pp=86-110}}{{sfn|Chandra Ray|1969|pp=45, 234 note 10|loc= "A large number of copper coins with the legend Toramana are found in the valley. Though these coins were current up to the end of the Hindu rule, their first circulation might date as far back as the middle of the sixth century"}}

<gallery widths="200px" heights="100px" perrow="4">
File:Successors of Toramana of Kashmir (570-855 CE).jpg|A coin of the successors of Toramana of Kashmir, dated as late as 855 CE.
File:Coin of Jagadeva of the Vuppadevas (Lohara dynasty, Kashmir). 1199-1213 CE. AV Stater (18mm, 10.38 g, 12h). Stylized figure of Toramana standing facing.jpg|Coin of Jagadeva of the Vuppadevas ([[Lohara dynasty]], Kashmir). 1199-1213 CE. Stylized figure of Toramana standing facing
</gallery>

==Sources==
* {{cite journal |last1=Alram |first1=Michael |title=From the Sasanians to the Huns New Numismatic Evidence from the Hindu Kush |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle |date=2014 |volume=174 |pages=261–291 |jstor=44710198 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44710198 |issn=0078-2696}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Cribb |first1=Joe |author-link=Joe Cribb|title=Early Medieval Kashmir Coinage – A New Hoard and An Anomaly |journal=Numismatic Digest |volume=40 |date=1 April 2017 |url=https://www.academia.edu/32663187}}
* {{cite book |last1=Chandra Ray |first1=Sunil |title=Early History And Culture Of Kashmir |date=1969 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |location=New Delhi |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.131574}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:7th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Rulers of Kashmir]]
[[Category:6th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Kings of the Alchon Huns]]

Rathri Mazha (TV series)

2025-11-07T11:40:00Z

DessieIqj504: small refine section for accuracy for consistency

{{short description|Indian Malayalam soap opera}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| alt_name = രാത്രി മഴ
| genre = [[Drama]]
| writer = Mayadevi Murali Nellinadu
| director = Riju Nair
| starring = [[Sreekala Sasidharan]] Parvathy R Krishna Nila Menon
| opentheme =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 397
| producer = Baiju Devraj
| location = [[Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala]]
| company = Sandra Communications
| network = [[Flowers TV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=y|2016|09|19}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=y|2018|03|16}}
| related = [[Pokkuveyil (TV series)]]
}}

'''''Rathri Mazha''''' (ml; രാത്രി മഴ) was an Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[soap opera]] which was launched by [[Flowers (TV channel)|Flowers TV]] on 19 September 2016. It aired on weekdays at 9:30 P.M [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]. It is an adaptation of Mayadevi's novel with the same title published in [[Manorama Weekly]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/rathrimazha-completes-200-episodes/articleshow/59338903.cms|title=Rathrimazha completes 200 episodes|first=Arya|last=UR|date=27 June 2017|access-date=4 August 2022|work=The Times of India}}</ref> Actress [[Sreekala Sasidharan]] played the lead role in the series.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flowerstv.in/|title=New Show on Flowers TV - 'Rathri Mazha'|work=Flowers TV}}</ref>

== Cast ==
===Main===
* [[Sreekala Sasidharan]] as Archana / Alice / Suja<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/sreekala-sasidharan-is-back-on-small-screen/articleshow/54443777.cms|title=Sreekala Sasidharan is back on small screen!|first=Arya|last=UR|date=21 September 2016|access-date=4 August 2022|work=The Times of India}}</ref>
* Niranjan Nair as Sudheesh (Sudhi)
* Parvathy R Krishna as Niranjana

===Recurring===
* Thomas Kuriakose as S.P Vishwanathan
* [[Uma Nair]] as Jayanthi Vishwanathan
* Nila Menon as Bhagyam
* Sreekala as Shyamala
* Jayan Amboori as Rajappan
* Parvathy Nair as Ambili
* T.N. Krishna as Nadarajan
* Thanvi S Raveendran as Revathy
* Ambarish as Dineshan
* [[Ranjith Raj]] as Saji
* Krishna as Rajappan
* Kottayam Manju as Geetha
* Manu Poojappura as Shabari
* Sini Prasad as Karthyayani {{a.k.a.}} Kallu Karthyayani
* Shobi Thilikan as Raghavan {{a.k.a.}} Chevala Raghavan
* Prakash SP as Faizy
* Dhanya Chandralekha as Snehalatha
* Parvathy Krishnakumar as Dr Hima
* Vinod as CI Surendran
* Lakshmi as Saji's mother
* [[Rajendran]] as Commissioner
* Anil as James
* Bindu Menon as Bhamini
* RV Sneha as Mollykutty
* Aakash Menon as Anirudh
* Jayan as Ambrose
* Maya Suresh as Thenmala Rosy
* Santhosh as Ashokan
* Rahul as Vishnu
* Anirudh Rajsekhar

==Awards==
;Kerala State Television Awards
*Special Jurie Prize -Nila Menon
;Kerala Vision Television Awards
*Best Performance -Nila Menon
;Mangalam Television Awards 2017
*Best Serial
*Best Director - Baiju Devraj
*Best Associate Director -Raju Nair
*Special Jury prize -Nila Menon

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2016 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language television shows]]
[[Category:Flowers (TV channel) original programming]]

{{India-tv-prog-stub}}

Department of Mines and Geology (Andhra Pradesh)

2025-10-02T07:09:15Z

DessieIqj504: Done...

{{Short description|Head of the Ministry of Mines & Geology of the Government of Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = Minister of Mines & Geology
| body =
| native_name = {{transliteration|te|Ganulu mariyu Bhūgarbha Śāstra Śākha Mantrī}}
| insignia =
| insigniasize = 200px
| insigniacaption =
| insigniaalt =
| flag =
| flagsize =
| flagalt =
| flagborder =
| flagcaption = [[Emblem of Andhra Pradesh]]
| image = Shri Ravindra Kollu.png
| imagesize = 150px
| alt =
| imagecaption =
| incumbent = [[Kollu Ravindra]]
| acting =
| incumbentsince = 12 June 2024
| department = Department of Mines & Geology
| style =
| type =
| status =
| abbreviation =
| member_of = [[Andhra Pradesh Council of Ministers|Andha Pradesh Cabinet]]
| reports_to = [[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|Governor of Andhra Pradesh]] [[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]] [[Andhra Pradesh Legislature]]
| residence =
| seat =
| nominator =
| appointer = [[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|Governor of Andhra Pradesh]]
| appointer_qualified = on the advice of the [[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|chief minister of Andhra Pradesh]]
| termlength =
| termlength_qualified =
| constituting_instrument =
| inaugural = [[Peethala Sujatha]]
| formation = 8 June 2014
| first =
| last =
| abolished =
| superseded_by =
| succession =
| unofficial_names =
| deputy =
| salary =
| website = {{url|https://mines.ap.gov.in//APPRPortal/|Official website}}
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Minister of Mines & Geology''' is the head of the Department of Mines & Geology of the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]].

The incumbent Minister of Mines & Geology is [[Kollu Ravindra]] from the [[Telugu Desam Party]].

== List of ministers ==
{| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.4em; text-align:center"
! rowspan=2 |#
! rowspan=2 colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan=2 style="width:16em" | Minister {{small|(Lifespan) Constituency}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan=2 style="width:5em" |Election {{small|(Term)}}
! rowspan=2 style="width:8em" |Party
! rowspan=2 style="width:8em" |Ministry
! rowspan=2 style="width:10em" |Chief Minister
!rowspan=2 |Ref.
|-
!Term start
!Term end
!Duration
|-
!1
|rowspan=2 bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Peethala Sujatha]]''' {{small|(born 1973) MLA for [[Chintalapudi Assembly constituency|Chintalapudi]]}}
|8 June 2014
|1 April 2017
|'''{{ayd|8 June 2014|1 April 2017}}'''
|rowspan=2 |[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]] {{small|[[14th Andhra Pradesh Assembly|(14th)]]}}
|rowspan=2 |[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|rowspan=2 bgcolor="#F5EC7D"| '''[[Third N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry|Naidu III]]'''
|rowspan=2 |[[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-06-08 |title=19 ministers take oath along with Chandrababu Naidu |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/19-ministers-take-oath-along-with-chandrababu-naidu/ |access-date=2022-10-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
!2
|
|'''[[R. V. Sujay Krishna Ranga Rao]]''' {{small|(born 1971) MLA for [[Bobbili Assembly constituency|Bobbili]]}}
|2 April 2017
|29 May 2019
|'''{{ayd|2 April 2017|29 May 2019}}'''
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=G. v r Subba |date=2017-04-02 |title=Chandrababu Naidu's son Nara Lokesh takes oath as Minister |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/chandrababu-naidus-son-nara-lokesh-takes-oath-as-minister/article17762250.ece |access-date=2022-10-30 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
!3
| bgcolor="{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Peddireddy Ramachandra Reddy]]''' {{small|(born 1952) MLA for [[Punganur Assembly constituency|Punganur]]}}
|30 May 2019
|11 June 2024
|'''{{ayd|30 May 2019|11 June 2024}}'''
|[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]] {{small|[[15th Andhra Pradesh Assembly|(15th)]]}}
| [[YSR Congress Party]]
|bgcolor="#94A2F7"| '''[[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy ministry|Jagan]]'''
| [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-05-30 |title=Jaganmohan Reddy sworn-in as Andhra Pradesh chief minister |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/jaganmohan-reddy-sworn-in-as-andhra-pradesh-chief-minister/articleshow/69574758.cms |access-date=2024-08-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
!4
|bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|[[File: Shri Ravindra Kollu.png|97x97px]]
|'''[[Kollu Ravindra]]''' {{small|(born 1973) MLA for [[Machilipatnam Assembly constituency|Machilipatnam]]}}
|12 June 2024
|''Incumbent''
|'''{{ayd|12 June 2024|}}'''
|[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]] {{small|[[16th Andhra Pradesh Assembly|(16th)]]}}
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|bgcolor="#F5EC7D"| '''[[Fourth N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry|Naidu IV]]'''
|[[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-14 |title=Full list of Andhra Pradesh Cabinet Ministers with portfolios: Who gets what |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/andhra-pradesh-council-of-ministers-full-list/article68288989.ece |access-date=2024-07-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Government of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Lists of government ministers of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Andhra Pradesh]]

Nandkar

2025-09-20T08:19:16Z

DessieIqj504: put up data

{{short description|Village in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nandkar
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|19.2822375|N|73.1674128|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Thane district|Thane]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluka]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Bhiwandi]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 18
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1603
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 552637
| footnotes =
}}
'''Nandkar''' '''Koliwada''' is a village in the [[Thane district]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is located in the [[Bhiwandi]] [[taluka]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |title=Maharashtra villages |publisher=Land Records Information Systems Division, NIC |accessdate=2015-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095320/http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Bhatsa River]] joins the Kalu River (a tributary of [[Ulhas River]] near this village.

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Nandkar has 325 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 78.6%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2721-F-Census.xlsx |title=District census data |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |accessdate=2015-08-17 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 1603 || 830 || 773
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 192 || 103 || 89
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 206 || 111 || 95
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 161 || 82 || 79
|-
| Literates || 1109 || 638 || 471
|-
| Workers (all) || 518 || 439 || 79
|-
| Main workers (total) || 374 || 315 || 59
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 212 || 183 || 29
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 20 || 12 || 8
|-
| Main workers: Household industry workers || 3 || 3 || 0
|-
| Main workers: Other || 139 || 117 || 22
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 144 || 124 || 20
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 22 || 18 || 4
|-
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 58 || 53 || 5
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 5 || 4 || 1
|-
| Marginal workers: Others || 59 || 49 || 10
|-
| Non-workers || 1085 || 391 || 694
|}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Bhiwandi taluka}}

[[Category:Villages in Bhiwandi taluka]]

Islamnagar, Badaun

2025-09-06T15:17:09Z

DessieIqj504: further correct page for consistency and cleaned formatting per sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Islamnagar
| native_name earlier it was known as Niodhana =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Aryanagar
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Block (district subdivision)|Block]], Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|28.35|N|79.02|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Badaun district|Badaun]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 16th century
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = Islamnagar Block development officer
| unit_pref =
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 19
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 182
| population_total = 64,475
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = metric
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=143497|title=Error Value|website=www.censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 202523,243723
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 05833
| registration_plate = UP 24
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Islamnagar''' is a [[Block (district subdivision)|Block]] and [[Nagar Panchayat]] in [[Badaun district]] in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web |title=Blocks {{!}} District Budaun Government Of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://budaun.nic.in/blocks/ |website=budaun.nic.in}}</ref>

==Demographics==
As of 2011 India census, Islamnagar block had a population of 1,80,465, and Islamnagar city had a population of 67883. The Malesnstitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Islamnagar has an average literacy rate of 57%, lower than the national average of 67.5%: male literacy is 46%, and female literacy is 40%. There are 54 villages in islamnagar block.<ref>{{cite web |title=District Census Handbook Budaun |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0918_PART_A_DCHB_BUDAUN.pdf |website=Censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Islamnagar<ref>{{cite web|title=Sahaswan Religion Data 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/800841-islamnagar-uttar-pradesh.html|website=Islamnagar Population Census 2011|publisher=Census 2011|access-date=4 July 2016}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|31}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|67}}
{{bar percent|[[Christians]]|pink|0.5}}
{{bar percent|Others†|black|0.5}}
|caption=Distribution of religions 
†Includes [[Sikh]]s (0.01%), [[Buddhism|Buddhists]] (0.02%), Not stated 0.06%
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Badaun district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Budaun district]]
[[Category:Blocks in Budaun district]]

Koovanur, Kallakurichi

2025-08-15T02:36:34Z

DessieIqj504: creating a entry w/ infobox

{{short description|Village in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Koovanur
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{Coord|11|58|27|N|79|06|04|E|type:city_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kallakurichi]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 3068
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 605754
| registration_plate = TN 32
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Tiruvannamalai]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Kallakurichi]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Rishivandiyam]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Koovanur''' is a village in [[Tirukkoyilur]] Taluk in [[Kallakurichi district]] in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=G. Palanithurai |author2=|title= Capacity Building for Local Body Leaders
|volume= |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |year=2001|page=86|isbn=9788170228882 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VJAOwj8TVGwC }}</ref> It is about 41.7 km from the town of [[Kallakurichi]].

Koovanur has a total population of 3,068 people per Population Census 2011.<ref>{{cite web |author= |date=2025 |title=Koovanur Population - Viluppuram, Tamil Nadu |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/633099-koovanur-tamil-nadu.html |website=census2011.co.in |publisher=Census Organization of India |access-date=9 April 2025}}</ref> Tamilnadu Minister [[E. V. Velu]] is from Koovanur.<ref>{{cite web|editor1-last=இரா.தினேஷ்குமார்|title=மெக்கானிக் முதல் 'மாண்புமிகு' வரை... - எ.வ.வேலு 'வல்லமை' வரலாறு! |publisher= இந்து தமிழ் திசை|date= 10 November 2023 |quote=கள்ளக்குறிச்சி மாவட்டம் திருக்கோவிலூர் (முந்தைய விழுப்புரம் மாவட்டம்) அடுத்த மணலூர்பேட்டை அருகே கூவனூர் கிராமத்தில் விவசாயி எத்திராஜ் - சரஸ்வதி தம்பதிக்கு கடந்த 15-03-1951-ல் மகனாக பிறந்தவர் வஜ்ஜிரவேலு. |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/tamilnadu/1151528-mechanic-to-honourable-minister-inspiring-journey-of-e-v-velu.html }}</ref>

The Koovanur assembly constituency is part of [[Rishivandiyam Assembly constituency|Rishivandiyam]] state assembly constituency and [[Kallakurichi Lok Sabha constituency|Kallakurichi]] Lok Sabha constituency. Agastheeswarar Temple is an ancient temple situated in Koovanur.<ref>{{unbulleted list citebundle|
{{cite web|editor1-last= |title=கூவனூர் அகத்தீஸ்வரர் கோவிலில் திருப்பணிகள் மேற்கொள்ள அதிகாரிகள் குழு நேரில் ஆய்வு|publisher= Daily Thanthi|date= 30 July 2023 |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/News/State/tirupanis-at-agatheeswarar-temple-1018975 }}|{{cite web|editor1-last= |title=கூவனுார் அகத்தீஸ்வரர் கோவில் தேரோட்டம் ஆய்வு|publisher= Dinamalar|date= 5 April 2023 |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/news/tamil-nadu-district-news-kallakurichi/koovanur-agatheeswarar-temple-chariot/3285388 }}}}
</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Kallakurichi district}}

[[Category:Villages in Kallakurichi district]]

{{TamilNadu-geo-stub}}

Sitai

2025-08-14T03:19:26Z

DessieIqj504: minor edit

{{About|the community development block in West Bengal|2. its namesake village|Sitai, Cooch Behar|3.its namesake assembly constituency|Sitai (Vidhan Sabha constituency)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sitai
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline = File:Sitai in Cooch Behar (West Bengal).svg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.060556|N|89.318333|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Cooch Behar district|Cooch Behar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Representative democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 160.82
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 110333
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Cooch Behar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Cooch Behar]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Sitai (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sitai]]
| website = {{URL|coochbehar.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:Kamteswari Bridge 1.jpg|thumb|Kamteswari Bridge connecting Sitai with Dinhata.]]
[[File:Indo-Bangladesh Border.jpg|thumb|Indo-Bangladesh Border at Sitai .]]
'''Sitai''' is a [[Community development blocks in India|community development block (CD block)]] that forms an [[Administrative divisions of India|administrative division]] in the [[Dinhata subdivision]] of the [[Cooch Behar district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Geography==
Sitai is located at {{coord|26.060556|N|89.318333|E|format=dms|}}.

Topographically Cooch Behar district is generally plain land which is low and marshy at some places. “Considering the nature of general surface configuration, relief and drainage pattern, distribution of different types of soil, climatic condition, the formation of geology and forest tracts, the district Koch Bihar falls under [[Barind Tract]]. The physiology of this area consists of alluvial soil, generally blackish brown in colour and composed of sand, clay and silt. The soils are loose and sandy throughout the district.” The Himalayan formations in the north end beyond the boundaries of this district. There are no hills/ mountains here. It has a large network of rivers flowing from north-west to south and south-east. The [[Teesta River|Teesta]] flows through Mekhliganj CD block before entering [[Bangladesh]]. The [[Jaldhaka River|Jaldhaka]] and its connected river-streams form a large catchment area in the district. It virtually divides the district into two unequal parts and meets the Brahmaputra in Bangladesh. The Himalayan rivers flowing through Cooch Behar district change courses from time to time. In 1876, [[W.W. Hunter]] mentioned the [[Dharla River|Dharla]] and the [[Torsha River|Torsha]] as the same stream with two names. However, since the advent of the 20th century, these are two different streams meeting the Brahmaputra in Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, Series 20, Part XIIA| work= Census of India 2011, pages 17-21 Physical feafures| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 22 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="map">{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, Series 20, Part XIIA| work= Census of India 2011, Fifth page, map of Koch Bihar district| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 22 July 2020}}</ref>

The hill-streams of Cooch Behar carry debris and silt from the Himalayas and are shallow. During the
monsoons the speed of flow of the rivers almost doubles and the rivers overflow the banks causing floods and devastation. The Singimari and Giridhari/ Girdari are the major rivers causing floods in the Sitai CD block.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, Series 20, Part XIIA| work= Census of India 2011, pages 18, 22| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 22 July 2020}}</ref>

The Sitai CD block is bounded by the [[Sitalkuchi]] and [[Cooch Behar I]] CD blocks on the north, the [[Dinhata I]] CD block on the east, the [[Lalmonirhat Sadar Upazila]] in Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh on the south and the [[Aditmari Upazila]] of Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh on the west.<ref name="map"/><ref>{{cite web | url = http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Lalmonirhat_Sadar_Upazila | title = Lalmonirhat Sadar Upazila| publisher = Banglapedia |access-date = 21 July 2020}}</ref>

The Sitai CD block has an area of 160.82 km2. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 5 [[gram panchayat]]s, 81 gram sansads (village councils), 53 [[mouza]]s and 53 inhabited villages. [[Sitai, Cooch Behar#Police station|Sitai]] police station serves this block.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Cooch Behar |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref> Headquarters of this CD block is at [[Sitai, Cooch Behar|Sitai]].<ref name="map"/>

[[Gram panchayat]]s of Sitai block/ panchayat samiti are: Adabari Ghat, Brahmattar Chhatra, Chamta, Sitai I and Sitai II.<ref name=admin>{{cite web | url = http://coochbehar.nic.in/htmfiles/District_Administration.html| title = Relation between Blocks & Gram Panchayats (GPs) | publisher = Cooch Behar District Administration| access-date = 2011-03-20}}</ref>

[[File:ADMINISTRATIVE MAP.jpg|thumb|650px|left|Community development blocks in Cooch Behar district]]

==Demographics==
===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], the Sitai CD block had a total population of 110,333, all of which were rural. There were 56,016 (51%) males and 54,317 (49%) females. There were 15,424 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 72,924 (66.09%) and the [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 215 (0.19%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = CD block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 21 July 2020}}</ref>

According to the 2001 census, Sitai block had a total population of 96,335, out of which 49,196 were males and 47,139 were females. Sitai block registered a population growth of 11.76 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade.<ref name=census>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_3.htm |title=Census of India 2001, Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal, Table - 4 |access-date=21 July 2020 |work=Cooch Behar District (03) |publisher=Government of West Bengal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_3.htm |archive-date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref>

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in the Sitai CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Brahmottra Chatra (5,863), Konachatra (4,369), Kesaribari (6,507), Dhumerkhata (5,992), Bharali (7,062), [[Sitai, Cooch Behar|Sitai]] (4,949) and Chamta (9,469).<ref name=census2011/>

Other villages in the Sitai CD block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Bara Adabari (1571).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in the Sitai CD block was 59,595 (62.79% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 33,323 (69.17% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 26,272 (56.21% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 12.96%.<ref name=census2011/>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Cooch Behar district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Sitai CD block (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|70.62}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|29.26}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.12}}
}}

In the [[2011 Census of India]], Hindus numbered 77,918 and formed 70.62% of the population of Sitai CD block. Muslims numbered 32,282 and formed 29.26% of the population. Christians numbered 62 and formed 0.06% of the population. Others numbered 71 and formed 0.06% of the population.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

[[Bengali language|Bengali]] is the predominant language, spoken by 99.71% of the population.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Rural poverty==
Based on a study of the per capita consumption in rural and urban areas, using central sample data of NSS 55th Round 1999-2000, Cooch Behar district had a rural poverty ratio of 25.62%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.planningcommission.gov.in/plans/stateplan/sdr_pdf/shdr_wb04.pdf| title = West Bengal Human Development Report 2004| work = Page 80: Table 4.5 Per capita consumption in rural and urban areas by district| publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal| access-date = 23 July 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120501201321/http://planningcommission.gov.in/plans/stateplan/sdr_pdf/shdr_wb04.pdf| archive-date = 1 May 2012| url-status = dead}}</ref>

According to a World Bank report, as of 2012, 20-26% of the population of Cooch Behar, Birbhum, Nadia and Hooghly districts were below poverty line, marginally higher than the level of poverty in West Bengal, which had an average 20% of the population below poverty line.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/315791504252302097/pdf/119344-BRI-P157572-West-Bengal-Poverty.pdf| title = West Bengal: Poverty, Growth and Inequality| publisher = World Bank Group|access-date = 23 July 2020}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Sitai CD block'''
|value1 = 41.96
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 44.92
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 1.67
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 11.45
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In the Sitai CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 21,141 and formed 41.96%, agricultural labourers numbered 22,635 and formed 44.92%, household industry workers numbered 843 and formed 1.67% and other workers numbered 5,768 and formed 11.45%.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Koch Bihar, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 33: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories of Economic Activity in Sub-district 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 23 July 2020}}</ref> Total workers numbered 50,387 and formed 45.67% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 59,946 and formed 54.33% of the population.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Koch Bihar, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 30: Number and percentage of Main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers by Sex, in Sub-districts, 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 23 July 2020}}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Koch Bihar, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Census Concepts and Definitions, Page 35 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 23 July 2020}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 53 inhabited villages in the Sitai CD block, as per the ''District Census Handbook'', Cooch Behar, 2011. All 53 villages have electricity and drinking water supply. 15 villages (28.30%) have post offices. 50 villages (94.34%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 30 villages (56.60%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 10 villages (18.87%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 5 villages (9.43%) have agricultural credit societies and 4 villages (7.55%) have banks.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 86, Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 23 July 2020}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
Agriculture is the primary mode of living in the district. The entire Cooch Behar district has fertile soil and around half of the cultivated land in the district is cropped twice or more. Paddy (rice) and jute are the largest producing crops, followed by potatoes, vegetables and pulses. There are 23 tea gardens on glided slopes. There are some [[coconut]], [[areca nut]] and [[Betel|betel leaf]] plantations. 77.6% of the land holdings are marginal.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 23-26 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 23 July 2020}}</ref>

In 2012-13, there were 3 fertiliser depots, 1 seed store and 20 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in the Sitai CD block.<ref name=handbook2013>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Cooch Behar| work = Table No. 16.1, 18.1, 18.2, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 23 July 2020 }}</ref>

In 2012–13, the Sitai CD block produced 21,907 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop, from 10,581 hectares, 12,115 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 3,911 hectares, 976 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 817 hectares, 120 tonnes of wheat from 65 hectares, 1,266 tonnes of maize from 520 hectares, 35,715 tonnes of jute from 2,830 hectares and 13,264 tonnes of potatoes from 623 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.<ref name=handbook2013/>

In 2012-13, the total area irrigated in the Sitai CD block was 2,724 hectares, out of which 50 hectares were irrigated by private canal water, 120 hectares by tank water, 362 hectares by river lift irrigation, 80 hectares by deep tube wells, 1,722 hectares by shallow tube wells, 110 hectares by open dug wells, 280 hectares by other means.<ref name=handbook2013/>

===Pisciculture===
Being a river-bound district, pisciculture is an important economic activity in the Cooch Behar district. Almost all the rivers originating in the Himalayas have a lot of fish. The net area under effective pisciculture in 2010-11 in the Sitai CD block was 175.50 hectares. 9,595persons were engaged in the profession and approximate annual production was 8,142 quintals.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 27-28: Fishery | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 23 July 2020}}</ref>

===Banking===
In 2012-13, Sitai CD block had offices of 3 commercial banks and 1 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin bank]].<ref name=handbook2013/>

==Transport==
Sitai CD block has 4 ferry services and 2 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station at [[Dinhata]] is {{convert|27|km|mi}} from block headquarters & one have to take a car to reach there crossing the [[Jaldhaka River]] .<ref name=handbook2013/> The [[Mathabhanga]] - [[Sitalkuchi]] - Sitai Railway line is a long pending demand of the local people since 2000. The {{convert|45|km|mi}} proposed railway line if completed will give Sitai access to Kolkata is a easier way than the current scenarios

==Education==
In 2012-13, Sitai CD block had 69 primary schools with 13,401 students, 7 middle schools with 2,843 students, 4 high schools with 4,900 students and 4 higher secondary schools with 5,928 students. Sitai CD block had 255 institutions for special and non-formal education with 7,405 students.<ref name=handbook2013/>

See also – [[Education in India]]

According to the 2011 census, in the Sitai CD block, among the 53 inhabited villages, 4 villages did not have schools, 12 villages had two or more primary schools, 14 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 8 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 547-48, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 23 July 2020}}</ref>
[[File:Sitai High School Front Picture.jpg|alt=The Entrance gate of Sitai High School .|thumb|The main entrance Gate of Sitai High School renovated in 2015 on the occasion of the Golden Jubilee Celebration.]]
Sitai High School, founded in 1965, plays an iconic role in providing the education to the learners of the block.

==Healthcare==
In 2013, Sitai CD block had 1 block primary health centre and 2 primary health centres with total 38 beds and 4 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 17 family welfare subcentres. 5,995 patients were treated indoor and 42,103 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block.<ref name=handbook2013/>

Sitai Rural Hospital, with 30 beds at [[Sitai, Cooch Behar|Sitaihati]], is the major government medical facility in the Sitai CD block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at Nakarjan (with 4 beds) and Adabari (PO Kisamat Adabari) (with 4 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher = Government of West Bengal|access-date = 29 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 29 July 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Cooch Behar topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Cooch Behar district]]

Matsya (tribe)

2025-07-31T22:41:42Z

DessieIqj504:

{{Short description|Ancient Hindu kingdom of India}}
{{About|historical Iron Age kingdom|the mythological kingdom|Matsya Kingdom|the avatar of the Hindu god Viṣṇu|Matsya|other uses|Matsya (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2015}}
{{Infobox country
| native_name = Macchā
| conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Matsya
| common_name =
| era = [[Iron Age]]
| government_type = [[Monarchy]]
| year_start = {{c.|1400 BCE}}
| year_end = {{c.|350 BCE}}
| p1 =
| s1 = Shaishunaga dynasty{{!}}Magadha
| image_map = Mahajanapadas_(c._500_BCE).png
| image_map_alt =
| image_map_caption = Matsya Kingdom and other Mahajanapadas in the Post Vedic period.
| leader1 =
| capital = [[Bairat|Virāṭanagara]]
| common_languages = [[Prakrit]]s
| religion = [[Historical Vedic religion]] {{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1953|p=66-68}} [[Jainism]] [[Buddhism]]
| demonym = Mātsyeya
| currency =
| title_leader = [[Raja]]
| today = [[India]]
}}
'''Matsya''' ([[Pali]]: {{Transliteration|pi|Macchā}}) was an ancient [[Indo-Aryan peoples|Indo-Aryan]] [[tribe]] of central [[Ancient India|India]] whose existence is attested during the [[Iron Age in India|Iron Age]]. The members of the Matsya tribe were called the '''Mātsyeyas''' and were organised into a kingdom called the '''Matsya kingdom'''.{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1953|p=66-68}}

==Etymology==
{{Transliteration|pi|Macchā}} in [[Pali|Pāli]] and {{Transliteration|sa|Matsya}} in [[Sanskrit]] mean "fish".<ref>{{cite book |last=Monier-Williams |first=Monier |author-link=Monier Monier-Williams |date=1899 |title=A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European Languages |url=https://archive.org/details/ASanskritEnglishDictionary |location=[[Oxford]], [[England]], [[United Kingdom]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press|Clarendon Press]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/ASanskritEnglishDictionary/page/n817/mode/2up 776] |isbn=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Apte |first=Vaman Shivram |author-link=Vaman Shivram Apte |date=1890 |title=The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary |url=https://archive.org/details/practicalsanskri00apteuoft |location= |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass|Motilal Banarsidass Publishers]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/practicalsanskri00apteuoft/page/734/mode/2up 735] |isbn=978-8-120-81568-1 }}</ref><ref>[[Manfred Mayrhofer|Mayrhofer, Manfred]] (1996). Entry “mátsya-”. In: ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen'' [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] Volume II. Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, 1996. pp. 297-298. (In German)</ref>

==Location==
{{multiple image
| align = left
| caption_align = center
| direction = vertical
| total_width = 250
| image1 = Early Vedic Culture (1700-1100 BCE).png
| caption1 = Location of the Matsyas among the Vedic tribes
| image2 = Late Vedic Culture (1100-500 BCE).png
| caption2 = Location of Matsya during the late Vedic period
| image3 = Mahajanapadas (c. 500 BCE).png
| caption3 = Location of Matsya during the post-Vedic period
| footer =
}}
{{HistoryOfSouthAsia}}
The kingdom of the Mātsyeyas covered an extensive territory, with the [[Sarasvati River|Sarasvatī]] river and the forests skirting it as its western border, and its southern boundaries being the hills near the [[Chambal River]]. Most of the kingdom comprised parts of present-day North-eastern [[Rajasthan]]. The neighbours of the Matsya state were [[Kuru Kingdom|Kuru]] in the north, and [[Surasena|Sūrasena]] in the east.{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1953|p=66-68}}{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1953|p=137-138}}

The capital of Matsya was Virāṭanagara, which corresponds to the modern-day [[Bairat|Bairāṭ]] in [[Jaipur district]] of [[Rajasthan]].{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1953|p=66-68}}{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1953|p=137-138}}

==History==
The Matsya tribe was first mentioned in the [[Rigveda|{{Transliteration|sa|Ṛgveda}}]], where they appear as one of the opponents of [[Sudas|Sudās]] during the [[Battle of the Ten Kings]].{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1953|p=66-68}}

According to the [[Shatapatha Brahmana|{{Transliteration|sa|Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa}}]], the Mātsyeya king Dhvasan Dvaitavana performed an [[Ashvamedha|{{Transliteration|sa|aśvamedha}}]] sacrifice near the Sarasvatī river. A forest on the banks of the Sarasvatī and a lake were both named after the king Dvaitavana.{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1953|p=66-68}}

Vedic texts such as the [[Gopatha Brahmana|{{Transliteration|sa|Gopatha Brāhmaṇa}}]] mention the Mātsyeyas along with the [[Salva (India)|Śālva]] tribe, and the [[Kaushitaki Upanishad|{{Transliteration|sa|Kauśītaki Upaniṣad}}]] connects them with the [[Kuru Kingdom|Kuru]]-[[Pañcāla]]s. Later Puranic texts such as the [[Mahabharata|{{Transliteration|sa|Mahābhārata}}]] connects them with the [[Trigarta]]s and the [[Cedī (tribe)|Caidya]]s, and the [[Manusmriti|{{Transliteration|sa|Manu-Saṃhitā}}]] lists the countries of the Mātsyeyas, the [[Surasena|Śūrasenaka]]s, the [[Pañcāla]]s, and of [[Kurukshetra|Kuru-kṣetra]], as forming the {{Transliteration|sa|Brahmarṣi-deśa}} (the holy enclave of the [[Brahmin|{{Transliteration|sa|brāhmaṇa}}]] sages).{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1953|p=66-68}}

The later history of Matsya is not known, although the Buddhist [[Aṅguttara Nikāya|{{Transliteration|pi|Aṅguttara Nikāya}}]] included it among the sixteen [[Mahajanapadas|{{Transliteration|sa|Mahājanapada}}]]s ("great realms"), which were the most powerful states of India immediately before the birth of the [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]].{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1953|p=137-138}} The Matsya state in the {{Transliteration|sa|Mahājanapada}} period archaeologically corresponds to the [[Northern Black Polished Ware]] archaeological culture which in the western part of the [[Ganges|Gaṅgā]]-[[Yamuna|Yamunā]] Doab region succeeded the earlier [[Painted Grey Ware culture]], and is associated with the [[Kuru Kingdom|Kuru]], [[Pañcāla]], Matsya, [[Surasena]] and [[Vatsa]] {{Transliteration|sa|Mahājanapada}}s.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bhan |first=Suraj |author-link=Suraj Bhan (archaeologist) |date=2006-12-01 |title=North Indian Protohistory and Vedic Aryans |journal=Ancient Asia |volume=1 |pages=173 |doi=10.5334/aa.06115 |issn=2042-5937 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Unlike other states of central India who abandoned the kingdom form for a [[Gaṇasaṅgha|{{Transliteration|sa|gaṇasaṅgha}}]] ([[aristocracy|aristocratic]] [[republic]]) mode of government during the late Iron Age, Matsya maintained a monarchical system.{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1953|p=137-138}}

Matsya was eventually conquered by the empire of [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]].{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1953|p=137-138}}

== Legacy ==
After the [[Independence Day (India)|Indian independence]] in 1947, the [[princely state]]s of [[Bharatpur State|Bharatpur]], [[Dholpur State|Dholpur]], [[Alwar State|Alwar]] and [[Karauli State|Karauli]] were temporarily put together from 1947 to 1949 as the ″[[United States of Matsya]]″, and later in March 1949 after these princely states signed the [[Instrument of Accession]] they were merged with the present state of [[Rajasthan]].<ref>[https://nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1416202359797-Tourist%20Places.pdf NWR tourist places]</ref>

The '''Matsya Festival''' is held in [[Alwar]] every year in the last week of November to celebrate culture and adventure.<ref>{{cite news |author=Times Travel Editor |date=November 2018 |title=All about Alwar Matsya Festival |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/all-about-alwar-matsya-festival-2018/as66707230.cms |work=[[Times of India]] |location=[[Alwar]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]] |access-date=}}.</ref>

==See also==
* [[Vedic period]]
* [[Janapadas]]
* [[Mahajanapadas]]
* [[Cemetery H culture]]
* [[Painted Grey Ware culture]]
* [[Northern Black Polished Ware]]
* [[Kingdoms of Ancient India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |last=Raychaudhuri |first=Hemchandra |author-link=Hem Chandra Raychaudhuri |date=1953 |title=Political History of Ancient India: From the Accession of Parikshit to the Extinction of Gupta Dynasty |url= |location= |publisher=[[University of Calcutta]] |isbn=}}
{{refend}}

{{Mahajanapada}}
{{Historical regions of North India}}

[[Category:8th-century BC establishments in India]]
[[Category:4th-century BC disestablishments]]
[[Category:Rigvedic tribes]]
[[Category:Mahajanapadas]]
[[Category:Regions of Haryana]]
[[Category:Regions of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Former kingdoms]]
[[Category:Ancient Indo-Aryan tribes]]

141st IOC Session

2025-07-22T22:12:58Z

DessieIqj504: Made data...

{{Short description|Meeting of the International Olympic Committee in Mumbai}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}

The '''141st IOC Session''' was an [[List of IOC meetings|IOC Session]] that was held in [[Mumbai]], [[India]] from 15 to 17 October 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-28 |title=Frontrunner Sapporo to grow 2030 Winter Olympics cost estimate by $115 million |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1129733/sapporo-estimate-costs-rise-2030-games |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=www.insidethegames.biz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Greg |date=2022-02-19 |title=Mumbai, India, elected to host the IOC Session in 2023 |url=https://olympics.com/ioc/news/mumbai-india-elected-to-host-the-ioc-session-in-2023 |access-date=2022-09-17 |website=International Olympic Committee}}</ref>

== Bidders ==
Mumbai stood as the only bidder to host the session. The IOC membership approved Mumbai's application during the [[2022 Winter Olympics]] in [[Beijing]]. This marked the second time an [[IOC Session]] was held in India. The 86th IOC Session in 1983 was held in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite news |date=2022-02-19 |title=IOC session in India will be significant development for country's Olympic aspiration: Nita Ambani |newspaper=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/ioc-session-in-india-will-be-significant-development-for-countrys-olympic-aspiration-nita-ambani/articleshow/89683542.cms |access-date=2022-09-17}}</ref> Due to several problems related to [[Indian Olympic Association]], the session was delayed to October 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=141st IOC Session in Mumbia, India. Information for media. |url=https://olympics.com/ioc/news/141st-ioc-session-in-mumbai-india-information-for-the-media |website=International Olympic Committee}}</ref>

== Agenda ==
Several items were on the agenda during the three-day IOC Session. The host city for the [[2030 Winter Olympics]] was initially going to be selected at this session, but the IOC pushed that date back to 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IOC delays selection of 2030 Winter Olympics host after climate change and sustainability discussions |url=https://www.cbssports.com/olympics/news/ioc-delays-selection-of-2030-winter-olympics-host-after-climate-change-and-sustainability-discussions/ |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=CBSSports.com |date=7 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Optional Sports for 2028 Summer Olympics ===
The IOC added five new sports for the program of the [[2028 Summer Olympics]] in [[Los Angeles]].

In August 2022, it was confirmed that nine sports had bid to be included in the games, with presentations made later that month.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brennan |first=Elliott |date=3 August 2022 |title=Motorsport, cricket and karate among nine sports on the shortlist for Los Angeles 2028 inclusion |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1126540/cricket-los-angeles-2028|access-date=4 August 2022 |website=Inside the Games}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2 August 2022|title=ICC Among Nine Sporting Bodies Invited To Make Presentation For Los Angeles Olympics 2028 – Report|url=https://cricketaddictor.com/cricket-news/icc-among-nine-sporting-bodies-invited-to-make-presentation-for-los-angeles-olympics-2028-report/|access-date=4 August 2022|website=Cricket Addictor}}</ref> They were:

* '''Cricket ([[International Cricket Council]])'''
* Break-dancing ([[World DanceSport Federation]])
* '''Baseball/softball ([[World Baseball Softball Confederation]])'''
* '''Flag Football ([[International Federation of American Football]])'''
* '''Lacrosse ([[World Lacrosse]])'''
* Karate ([[World Karate Federation]])
* Kickboxing ([[World Association of Kickboxing Organizations]])
* '''Squash ([[World Squash Federation]])'''
* Motorsport ([[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]])

In October 2023, it was announced that the LA28 Olympic Organizing Committee announced that 5 sports were officially proposed to the IOC for the 2028 games, those being [[Flag Football]], [[Cricket]], [[Lacrosse]], [[Squash (sport)|Squash]], and [[Baseball]]/[[Softball]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=5 more team sports set to be added to 2028 Olympics in LA |url=https://www.kgw.com/article/sports/olympics/flag-football-olympics-2028/507-71ee919e-cf53-4207-a8c2-d893d11b7fc4 |website=KGW8|date=9 October 2023 }}</ref> On October 16, the IOC membership approved the inclusion of the additional sports.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/willskipworth/2023/10/13/2028-olympics-will-add-flag-football-and-squash-for-first-time-cricket-baseball-softball-lacrosse-return/?sh=2f1c2df11da6|url-access=limited|title=2028 Olympics Will Add Flag Football And Squash For First Time—Cricket, Baseball, Softball, Lacrosse Return|first=William|last=Skipworth|date=13 October 2023|work=Forbes}}</ref>

=== Election of new IOC members ===
New [[IOC members]] were elected at this session.<ref>[https://olympics.com/ioc/news/ioc-executive-board-proposes-eight-new-ioc-members-for-election-to-the-session-in-mumbai IOC Executive Board proposes eight new IOC Members for election to the Session in Mumbai]</ref> The following individuals were elected:

*{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Yael Arad]]
*{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Balázs Fürjes]]
*{{flagicon|Peru}} [[Cecilia Tait|Cecilia Roxana Tait Villacorta]]
*{{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Michelle Yeoh]]
*{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Michael Mronz]]
*{{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Petra Sörling]]
*{{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Kim Jae-youl]]
*{{flagicon|Tunisia}} [[Mehrez Boussayene]]

== Attendance of Canadian IOC members ==
IOC member [[Tricia Smith]] and honorary IOC member [[Richard Pound]] are both Canadian citizens holding Canadian passports. Following the [[Hardeep Singh Nijjar#Death and subsequent diplomatic dispute|2023 Canada–India diplomatic crisis]], India announced that it would not grant visas to Canadian citizens after Prime Minister [[Justin Trudeau]] alleged Indian government involvement in the murder of [[Khalistan movement|Sikh separatist]] [[Hardeep Singh Nijjar]], who was a Canadian citizen. The IOC confirmed that they were following up on the situation concerning visas for Canadian citizens.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1141058/ioc-session-canada|title=IOC "following up" on Canadian attendance at Mumbai Session after diplomatic row|first=Vimal|last=Sankar|date=23 September 2023|work=Inside the Games}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{International Olympic Committee}}

[[Category:International Olympic Committee sessions]]
[[Category:2023 in Indian sport]]
[[Category:Sport in Mumbai]]
[[Category:2023 conferences]]
[[Category:Organised events in Mumbai]]
[[Category:2020s in Mumbai]]
[[Category:October 2023 sports events in India]]

Alberuni Zulkarnain

2025-06-04T17:33:36Z

DessieIqj504: Made details

{{Short description|Indian politician}}{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}

'''Alberuni Zulkarnain''' (born 1981)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=Alberuni Zulkarnain (Indian National Congress (INC)):Constituency- Malatipur (Malda) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/WestBengal2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=1713 |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[West Bengal]]. He is a former member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from [[Malatipur Assembly constituency]] in [[Malda district]]. He was elected in the [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-02 |title=Malatipur Election Result 2021 LIVE: How to check Malatipur assembly (Vidhan Sabha) election winners, losers, vote margin, news updates - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/malatipur-election-result-2021-live-how-to-check-malatipur-assembly-vidhan-sabha-election-winners-losers-vote-margin-news-updates-9129221.htm |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Zulkarnain is from [[Malatipur, Malda|Malatipur]], Malda district, West Bengal. He is the son of late Congress leader and doctor, [[Golam Yazdani]], a six time former MLA and minister. He completed his MA at [[Delhi University]] in 2005. He is a social worker and his wife is a homemaker.

== Career ==
Zulkarnain was elected from Malatipur Assembly constituency representing the Indian National Congress in the 2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election. He polled 50,643 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[Abdur Rahim Boxi]] of the [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]], by a margin of 2,610 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-24 |title=West Bengal Assembly election 2021, Malatipur profile: Congress' Alberuni Zulkarnain won seat in 2016 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/west-bengal-assembly-election-2021-malatipur-profile-congress-alberuni-zulkarnain-won-seat-in-2016-9300721.html |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Malatipur Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/malatipur-west-bengal-assembly-constituency |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref> He contested again in the [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] but lost the seat to Rahim Boxi, who shifted and contested on [[All India Trinamool Congress]] ticket. Zulkarnain polled 19,827 votes and finished third behind winner Rahim Boxi and Mausumi Das of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], who finished second.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malatipur Election Results 2021 LIVE, Vote Counting, Leading, Trailing , Winners West bengal Malatipur Constituency Election News LIVE |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/west-bengal-election-results-2021/wb-malatipur-constituency-47.html |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Malatipur Election Result 2021 Live Updates: Abdur Rahim Boxi of TMC Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/malatipur-election-result-2021-live-updates-malatipur-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3694529.html |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> Rahim Boxi got 126,157 votes and defeated Mausumi Das, who garnered 34,208 votes.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zulkarnain, Alberuni}}
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:People from Malda district]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]

Islam in Odisha

2025-04-05T15:46:13Z

DessieIqj504: Added basic entry w/ infobox

#Redirect [[Odia Muslims]]